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________________ vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska (Etymology and Acharya Yaska) DaoN. rAmAzISa pANDeya
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________________ vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska Etymology and Acharya Yaska DaoN. rAmAzISa pANDeya ema.e. (saMskRta evaM hindI) pI-eca.DI., DI.liT. sAhitya, vyAkaraNa evaM vedAcArya bihAra zAsana dvArA vaidika sAhitya puraskAra se sammAnita AcArya evaM adhyakSa - saMskRta vibhAga mAravAr3I mahAvidyAlaya, rAMcI rAMcI vizvavidyAlaya, raaNcii| prakAzaka prabodha saMskRta prakAzana haramU, rAMcI (bihAra)
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________________ prakAzaka prabodha saMskRta prakAzana haramU , rA~cI (bihAra) (c) lekhaka saMskaraNa - dvitIya 1999 I. mUlya : 450/ vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska Etymology and Acharya Yaska DaoN. rAmAzISa pANDeya mudraka : AzA priMTiMga presa,kaDarU,(aragor3A relave sTezana ke najadIka) rA~cI-834002 phona na. 306112
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________________ samarpaNa pUjya pitA svargIya paM0 zrI siddhezvara pANDeya, jinakI paMcatva-prApti tithi-6.2.1991hai, tathA pUjyA dharmamAtA (sAsa) svargIyA zrImatI sundarI devI, jinakI paMcatva-prApti tithi 18.6.1996 hai, ko sazraddha samarpita / rAmAzISa pANDeya
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________________ Publisher Prabodh Sanskrit Prakashan Harmu, Ranchi (Bihar) (c) Lekhaka Edition :- 2nd - 1999 Price: 450/ Etymology and Acharya Yaska by Dr. Ramashish Pandey Printer : ASHA PRINTING PRESS, KADRU, NEAR ARGORA RAILWAY STATION) RANCHI-834002 Ph. 306112.
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________________ prAkkathana nirvacana zabdoM ke artha pratipAdana kI vaha prakriyA hai jisase zabdoM meM nihita samagra arthoM ke abhivyakta hone kI sthitiyoM kA patA lagAyA jAtA hai| kisI bhI zabda ke sambandha meM niHzeSa kathana yA samagra vicAra nirvacana ke antargata samAhita haiN| nirvacana ke lie nirukta, vyutpatti, vyAkhyA Adi zabdoM kA pracalana bhAratIya sAhitya meM dekhA jAtA hai| nirukta tathA nirvacana meM arthagata yA zabdayata koI tAttvika bheda nahIM hai / vyutpatti evaM vyAkhyA yadyapi nirvacana ke lie kahIM-kahIM prayukta hote haiM lekina nirvacana ke samagra uddezyoM kA prakAzana ina zabdoM se abhivyakta nahIM hotA / nirvacana ke lie ina sAre zabdoM kA pracalana isa artha meM usake rUr3ha hone kA pariNAma hai| veda kA zAbdika artha jJAna hai| veda jJAna kI AdhArazilA para AdhArita samyaka jJAna pratipAdana meM nirata hai| mantra evaM brAhmaNa bhAga ko veda ke antargata mAnane para saMhitAoM ke atirikta brAhmaNa, AraNyaka evaM upaniSad bhI isameM samAviSTa haiN| veda samagra jJAna. lAbha. vicAra evaM sattA kA pratipAdaka to hai hI yaha bhAratIya saMskRti kA amUlya dharohara hai / AryoM kI vaidika sabhyatA kA spaSTa citra prastuta karane vAlA veda unake vikasita mastiSka ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| vaidika saMskRti vizva kI prAcIna saMskRtiyoM meM hai| usa samaya kA sAhitya vizva kI kisI dUsarI bhASAoM meM lagabhaga upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yaha kahanA asaMgata nahIM hogA ki jisa samaya vizva meM sabhyatA kA udaya bhI nahIM huA thA usa samaya bhArata meM sabhyatA kA prakAza jagamagA rahA thaa| bhAratIya sabhyatA ke prakAza kI jhalaka ke lie vaidika sAhitya kA anuzIlana apekSita hai| vaidika sAhitya zruti paramparA se surakSita rahA hai| jaTA, mAlA, zikhA, rekhA Adi vibhinna vikRtipAThoM ke calate mantroM ke svarUpa meM antara to Aja taka nahIM A sakA lekina deza kAla evaM pAtra ke anurUpa unake arthoM meM antara dekhA jAne lgaa| zabdoM kI anekArthatA prasiddha hai| eka hI zabda vibhinna prakAra ke arthoM ke pratipAdana kI kSamatA se yukta hotA hai| zabdoM meM bhinnArthatA kI pravRtti vividha kAraNoM kA pariNAma hai| yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki vibhinna AcAryoM ne vaidika mantroM ke artha ko bhI aneka rUpoM meM dekhane kI ceSTA kI hai| kucha sampradAya vizeSa ke loga to paramparAgata arthoM kI jagaha dUsare arthoM ke pratipAdana meM nirata ho gaye haiM tathA unhoMne veda ke arthoM ko asaMgata siddha karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai| veda ke hI kucha zabda aise haiM jinakI jAnakArI ke abhAva meM unakA artha karanA asaMbhava hai| vaise zabdoM ke sambandha meM virodhI vicAra vAloM kA kahanA hai ki veda ke kucha mantra anarthaka haiN|
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________________ veda ke mantroM ke sambandha meM uThI huI artha vivakSA viSayaka AzaMkA ko nirasta karane ke lie unake arthoM kA prakAzana Avazyaka thaa| zabdoM ke arthoM kA prakAzana nirvacana ke mAdhyama se hI saMbhava hai| nirvacana ke calate kisI zabda meM nihita samagra artha prakAzita ho jAte haiN| sAtha hI sAtha kisI zabda ke aneka arthoM ke kAraNa kA bhI patA cala jAtA hai| AcArya yAska kA nirukta isa kSetra meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| yadyapi aneka niruktakAra ho gaye haiM lekina unake nirukta granthoM kI upalabdhi Aja nahIM hotii| AcArya yAska ne apane nirukta meM lagabhaga caudaha pUrvavartI evaM tatkAlIna niruktakAroM kI carcA kI hai jisase una niruktakAroM ke sambandha meM kucha jAnakArI prApta ho jAtI hai tathA unake nirvacana siddhAntoM kA patA cala jAtA hai| nirukta meM zabdoM ke artha prakAzana karane vAle kucha sampradAyoM kI bhI carcA prApta hotI hai| zabdoM ke artha prakAzana meM * vaiyAkaraNA:, naidAnAH, yAjJikAH, pUrveyAjJikA:, AtmapravAdAH, nairuktAH, hAridravikA:, kAThakA:, aitihAsikA : Adi sampradAyoM kA ullekha haA hai| yAska ke samaya uparyukta sabhI sampradAya zabdoM ke artha prakAzana meM apane-apane siddhAntoM ke lie prasiddha the| ina sabhI sampradAyoM kA kArya yadyapi zabdoM kA nirvacana karanA nahIM thA lekina zabdoM ke artha prakAzana meM yoga denA avazya thaa| artha prakAzana ke krama meM kucha nirvacana avazya prastuta ho gaye haiN| vaiyAkaraNoM kA mUla prayojana zabdoM kA vyutpAdana hai| zabdoM ke vyutpAdana meM bhI artha prakAzana hotA hai| isa sampradAya kI eka sudIrgha paramparA hai jisameM munitraya kA sthAna adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| pANini, kAtyAyana evaM pataJjali ne kramazaH sUtra, vArtika evaM bhASya likha kara isa sampradAya ko AyAmita kiyA hai| pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM unake sAre sUtra vyavasthita haiN| kAtyAyana ne pANini ke sUtroM para hI vArtika kI racanA kii| punaH pataJjali ne pANini ke sUtroM para vRhadbhASya kI racanA kI jo mahAbhASya ke nAma se prasiddha hai| pANini ne apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM kaI vaiyAkaraNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| nizcaya hI unameM adhikAMza vaiyAkaraNa pANini ke pUrvavartI hoMge tathA kucha smkaaliin| vaiyAkaraNoM ke zabda vyutpAdana se artha kA prakAzana avazya hotA hai lekina nairuktoM kI bhAMti zabdoM ke samagra arthoM ke prakAzana kI ceSTA vahAM nahIM kI jaatii| naidAna zabda nidAna se niSpanna hai| nidAna kA artha hotA hai. muulaanvessnnkrtaa| zabdoM ke mUlAnveSaNa kartA naidAna ke antargata parigaNita hote haiN| zabdoM evaM zabdoM ke arthoM kA mUla khojanA hI inakA mUla prayojana hai| usa mUlAnveSaNa
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________________ meM zabdoM ke artha prakAzana ke sAtha sAtha nirvacana bhI ho jAte haiN| isa sampradAya kA mUla prayojana nirvacana karanA nahIM hai| phalata: ise nirukta sampradAya se kiMcita bhinna sampradAya mAnA jaaygaa| yAjJika kA artha hotA hai yajJa se sambandha rakhane vaalaa| veda prayukta zabdoM ke artha kA yajJaparaka pratipAdana yAjJikoM kA mUla uddezya hotA hai| artha prakAzana unakA bhI uddezya hai lekina una arthoM meM yajJa se sambaddhatA prAdhAnyena vivakSita hotI hai| isa krama meM zabdoM ke nirvacana bhI ho jAte haiM lekina nirvacana karanA inakA mUla uddezya nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra arthapratipAdita karane vAle anya sampradAya bhI zabdoM kA artha pratipAdana karate haiM jisa krama meM kucha zabdoM ke nirvacana bhI ho jAte haiN| zabdoM ke nirvacana kA utsa Rgveda se hI prApta hotA hai| nirvacana kI yaha dhArA kisI na kisI rUpa meM Aja taka pracalita hai| zabdoM ke arthoM kA avabodha Aja bhI jijJAsA kA viSaya hai| hama dekhate haiM ki zabdoM ke sAtha kucha vaisI kriyAoM kA prayoga kara diyA jAtA hai jisase usa zabdakI dhvanyAtmaka, arthAtmaka yA kisI prakAra kI saMgati spaSTa ho jAtI hai| vaidika sAhitya se isa prakAra ke uddharaNa isa grantha meM yathA sthAna pradarzita haiN| laikika saMskRta ke prasiddhakavi kAlidAsa dvArA kSatra zabda ko spaSTa karane ke lie-kSatAt kila trAyata utyudana: kSatrasya zabdo bhuvaneSu rur3ha: (raghu. 2/53) meM kSatra zabda meM kSitrai dhAtuoM kA saMketa spaSTa hai| nirvacana prakriyA meM bhI isI prakAra dhAtuoM kA sambandha spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai| samagra saMskRta sAhitya meM isa prakAra ke kucha nirvacana prApta hote haiN| nirvacana para aba taka jo kArya hae haiM ve sabhI yAska ke nirukta se sambaddha vividha TIkAoM, anuvAdoM evaM samIkSaNoM ke rUpa meM prApta haiN| nirukta para kie gae kAryoM meM pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke skandasvAmI kI nirukta TIkA sarvaprAcIna hai| inhoMne nirukta ke bAraha adhyAyoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| antima do adhyAya inake dvArA vyAkhyAta nahIM haiN| skanda kI niruktaTIkA nirukta ke arthajJAna kA prAcInatama srota hai| terahavIM zatAbdI ke durgAcArya ne nirukta para vistRta TIkA likhI jo durgavRtti ke nAma se vikhyAta haiN| nirukta para isa prakAra kI pANDityapUNa vyAkhyA dUsarI nahIM prApta hotii| nirukta ke sAtha durgavRtti saMskRta prAkRta pustakamAlA bambaI evaM veMkeTezvara presa se prakAzita hai|| manasukharAya mora, kalakattA dvArA durgavRtti ke prakAzana ne nirukta ke adhyayana adhyApana ko atyadhika AyAmita kiyaa| durgavRtti ke nAma se nirukta ke caudaha adhyAyoM para yaha vRtti prakAzita hai lekina lagatA hai ki antima do adhyAyoM
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________________ kI vRttiyAM isameM kAlAntara kI hai / pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya mahezvara ne bhI nirukta kI TIkA likhI jo khaNDazaH prApta hotI hai| nIlakaNTha gArgya praNIta niruktazloka vArtika meM nirukta ke viSayoM kA padyAtmaka vivecana huA hai jo DaoN. vinayapAla dvArA sampAdita hai| nIlakaNTha gArgya kA samaya bArahavIM zatAbdI kA mAnA jAtA hai| durgavRtti ke AdhAra para paNDita mukunda jhA vaksI ne saMskRta TIkA likhI jo nirNaya sAgara presa bambaI se prakAzita hai| yaha TIkA saMskRta mAdhyama ke adhyetAoM ke lie vizeSa upAdeya hai| uparyukta TIkAkAroM ke atirikta bhI aneka TIkAkAroM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai lekina unameM adhikAMza kI TIkAyeM samprati upalabdha nahIM hotI / pAzcAtya vidvAnoM meM raoNtha ne jarmana bhASA meM nirukta kI bhUmikA likhI evaM usakA anuvAda prakAzita kiyaa| isakI bhUmikA kA aMgrejI anuvAda DaoN. maikizana ne kiyA jisakA prakAzana 1919 I. meM bambaI vizvavidyAlaya se huA (vaidika vibliyogrAphI - pR. 60 - dANDekara) pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke uparyukta kArya lagabhaga aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM sampanna hue / baMgAla ke prasiddha vaidika vidvAna paM. satyavrata sAmazramI kA niruktAlocana nirukta ke tathyoM ko prakAzita karane meM samartha hai| DaoN. lakSmaNasvarUpa ne unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM 'ena iNTroDaksana TU nirukta' likhaa| unakI 'nighaNTu evaM nirukta' saMskRta kI mahatI sevA hai| jarmana vidvAna skolDa ne bhI nirukta para apanA zodha prabandha likhA jisakA prakAzana 1926 I. meM huA / pro. rAjavAr3e ne 1935 I. meM sampUrNa nirukta kA marAThI anuvAda krvaayaa| 1940 I. meM punaH nirukta kA prathamabhAga bhI prakAzita huA / anusandhAnAtmaka dRSTi se inakA vizeSa mahattva hai| DA. siddhezvara varmA ne 'dI iTImolAjIja Apha yAska' likhakara bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se nirukta kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA / yAska ke nirvacanoM kA bhASA vijJAna kI kasauTI para kasane kA prayAsa nirvacana zAstra kI mahatI sevA hai| nirukta para bhASA vijJAna paraka kArya DaoN. viSNupada bhaTTAcArya ne bhI kiyA jinakI pustaka 'yAskas nirukta eNDa dI sAinsa oNpha iTImolAjIja' prasiddha hai| paM. zivanArAyaNa zAstrI ne nirukta mImAMsA likhakara nirukta adhyayana meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| hindI TIkAkAroM meM paM. sItArAma zAstrI, mihiracandra puSkaraNA, paM. dhajjurAma zAstrI, DaoN. umAzaMkara zarmA 'RSi' Adi ullekhanIya haiN| DaoN. 'RSi' kI bhUmikA nirukta adhyayana kI dizA meM mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai| nirvacanoM ke prati merI jijJAsA AraMbha se hI rahI hai| vyAkaraNa zAstra ke adhyayana se zabdoM ke vyutpattiviSaka jJAna kI abhivRddhi huI / vedAcArya viSayoM
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________________ ke adhyayana meM sampUrNa nirukta par3hane kA avasara prApta huaa| ema.e. (saMskRta) ke pAThyakramoM meM bhI nirukta ke kaMcha aMza nirdhArita hai| pariNAmataH nirukta ke adhyayana kA vizeSa yoga prApta hone lgaa| nirvacana ke mAdhyama se vaidika evaM laukika zabdoM ke rahasya ko samajhane meM bar3I sahAyatA milii| nirvacana sambandhI jijJAsA kA hI pariNAma hai ki maiMne pI-eca.DI. zodhopAdhi ke lie bhI nirukta ko hI apanA viSaya bnaayaa| usameM nirukta kA bhASA vaijJAnika evaM AlocanAtmaka pakSa mImAMsita huA jisameM yAska ke kucha hI nirvacanoM kI samIkSA kI gyii| sabhI nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana vahAM saMbhava bhI nahIM thaa| nirvacana zAstra kI sudIrghaparamparA meM yAskU kA sthAna sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| isa paramparA meM yAsta ke siddhAntoM evaM nirvacanoM kA samIkSaNa pUrNa rUpa meM prApta nahIM thaa| bhASA vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM bhI inakI samIkSA apekSita thii| phalataH DI.liTa. zodhopAdhi hetu maiMne nirvacana ko hI apanA viSaya bnaayaa| vividha dRSTiyoM se nirvacanoM kA ekatra parizIlana evaM yAska ke zabdadarzana kI pRSThabhUmi ko samajhane ke lie yaha pustaka prastuta hai| isa pustaka ke praNayana meM jina vidvAnoM evaM unakI kRtiyoM kA sahayoga pratyakSa yA parokSarUpa meM prApta haA hai unake prati maiM AbhAra vyakta karatA hai| rAMcI vizvavidyAlaya ke pUrvasnAtakottara saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. ayodhyo prasAda siMha kA mArgadarzana sarvadA prApta hotA rahA hai, maiM unakA vizeSa RNI huuN| banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke snAtakottara vibhAgIya AcArya DaoN. vIrendra kumAra varmI, gavarnameMTa saMskRta kAleja, kalakuttA ke bhASA vijJAna vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. esa.DI. zAstrI ke bhI hama AbhArI haiM jinakI saMstutiyAM yathAsamaya utprerita karatI rahatI haiN| rAMcI vizvavidyAlaya ke snAtakottara saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. jayanArAyaNa pANDeya, vinovA bhAve vizvavidyAlaya ke snAtakottara saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. eca.ke. ojhA, upAcArya DaoN. rAmalakSmaNa mizra, rAMcI kAleja, rAMcI ke saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN.candrakAnta zukla Adi vidvAnoM kI zubhakAmanAoM ke lie ina saboM ke prati dhanyavAda jJApana karatA huuN| bhArata ke sabhI vizvavidyAlayoM ke snAtakottara saMskRta pAThyakramoM meM nirdhArita nirukta ke vizeSa adhyayana meM chAtroM ko tathA bhAratIya jJAnavijJAna se sambaddha gaveSakoM ko zabdadarzana ke jJAna meM isase sahayoga prApta ho skegaa| bhASA vijJAna ke badalate pariveza meM usake kucha bhASA vaijJAnika tathya kAlAnurUpa parivartana kI apekSA rakha sakate haiM phira bhI AzA hai zabdoM kI arthaviSayaka jijJAsA kI paritRpti zAbdikoM ko utprerita kregii| naukayA ta kAmo'haM vizAlaM zabdasAgaram kAmaye zabdavegeSu nibbushvaarthvkhkm|| apAre zabdasaMsAre zAbdikAnAM vizeSataH kAmaye tarjanI dhartuM gantuM tatra muhrmuhH|| rAmAzISa pANDeya
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________________ ka kha na gha Ga ca ka kha ga bi hb9 15 citra ta gha Ga cha - - - - - - - viSaya sUcI prathama adhyAya nirvacana vivecana nirvacana ke lie prayukta anya nAma zAstra evaM nirvacana zAstra vivecana nirvacana tathA nirukta zabdoM kA itihAsa bhASA vijJAna aura nirvacana bhASA vijJAna ke lie prayukta nAmoM kA vivecana dvitIya adhyAya (nirvacanoM kI aitihAsika paramparA) vaidika sAhitya meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa Rk saMhitA meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa yajuH saMhitA meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa sAma saMhitA meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa atharva saMhitA meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa brAhmaNa granthoM meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa AraNyakoM meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa upaniSadoM meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa vRhaddevatA meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa purANoM meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa rAmAyaNa meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa mahAbhArata meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa saMskRta sAhitya meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa nirvacanoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa pRSTha oor ma 20 w 1 3 ~ ~ w & & 2 8 2 12 12 16 19 23 27 29 31 33 37 39 42 43
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________________ ka nirukta meM carcita niruktakAra AcArya aupamanyava kha lae buy n - T gha vArSyANi Ga gArgya ca zAkapUNi: cha aurNavAma ja AcArya gAlava - ka kha T gha - a - ka - - * jha - AcArya taiTikI Ja AcArya kroSTuka * Ta AcArya kAtyakya Tha AcArya sthaulASTIvi Da AcArya AgrAyaNa Dha carmazirA pa zatavalAkSa - - - - tRtIya adhyAya (bhAratIya niruktakAra evaM unake nirvacana siddhAnta) - yAska kA paricaya yAska kA samaya nirdhAraNa yAska kI racanAeM yAska ke nirukta kI rUparekhA paMcama adhyAya - (nirvacana ke AdhAra evaM yAska ke siddhAnta) dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra evaM yAska ke nirvacana kha arthAtmaka AdhAra evaM yAska ke nirvacana audumbarAyaNa * - - - caturtha adhyAya ( yAska evaM nirukta) 52 54 56 57 tse 60 62 63 64 65 65 66 67 67 68 8 73 84 90 94 104
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________________ 113 115 117 ra . dRzyAtmaka AdhAra aura yAska ke nirvacana 111 cha - zabdAnukaraNa evaM yAska ke nirvacana Ga - sAdRzya evaM yAska ke nirvacana ca - itihAsa Adi AdhAra evaM yAska ke nirvacana SaSTha adhyAya - (naghaNTuka kANDa ke nirvacanoM kA samIkSaNa) ka - prathama adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA samIkSaNa 121 ra - nirukta ke dvitIya adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana 141 ra - nirukta ke tRtIya adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana 197 saptama adhyAya- (nagama kANDa ke nirvacanoM kA samIkSaNa) ka - nirukta ke caturtha adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana 243 ra . nirukta ke paMcama adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana 289 ra - nirukta ke SaSTha adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana aSTama adhyAya - (daivata kANDa ke nirvacanoM kA samIkSaNa) ka - nirukta ke saptama adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana 395 ra - nirukta ke aSTama adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana 410 ra . nirukta ke navama adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana 421 cha - nirukta ke dazama adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana Ga - nirukta ke ekAdaza adhyAya ke nirvacoM kA mUlyAMkana 462 ca - nirukta ke dvAdaza adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana cha . nirukta ke trayodaza adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana . 488 ja - nirukta ke caturdaza adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana upasaMhAra 493 saMketa sUcI 505 saMdarbha grantha sUcI 507 zabda sUcI 512 333 476 491
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________________ (ka) nirvacana vivecana I nirvacana zabda nir +vac paribhASaNe + lyuT pratyayase niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusAra nirvacana zabda niHzeSa yA nikhila vaktavya kA vAcaka hai / zabdoM kI prakRti ke anusAra saMbhAvita artho ke anveSaNa meM pratyakSa, parokSa yA ati parokSa vRttiyoM ke dvArA upanyasta vicAra nirvacana ke antargata samAhita haiM / zabdoM meM artha kI anaketA kAraNa - vaividhya ko dyotita karatI hai / manuSya ke jo kucha paribhASaNa hai, sabhI prasaMgAnukUla evaM abhivyakti sambaddha haiN| paristhitiyoM evaM vyavahAra ke vividha AyAmoM meM prayukta zabda prAyaH eka artha para sthira nahIM rahate / zabdoMmeM usa arthAntaratA kA darzana prayoga ke kSetra meM to hotA hI hai, sAhityake kSetra meM bAhulyena prApta hai / kAlAntara meM eka hI zabda apane vividha arthoM ke sAtha Akara manuSya kI jijJAsA ko teja kara detA hai / vyakti vaisI paristhiti meM, una zabdoM ke arthAtmaka anusandhAna meM saMlagna usake sambandha meM vividha sArthaka kalpanAeM karatA hai, jo una arthoM kI ora spaSTa saMketa karatI hai| kalpanAoM meM sArthakatA kI mAtra nyUnAdhika ho sakatI hai| paristhitiyoM ke sahI Akalana ke abhAva meM kalpanAeM nirAdhAra bhI ho sakatI haiM lekina arthAtmaka anusandhAna meM aisI paristhitiyAM kama AtI haiM / phalataH zabda ekArthaka hoM yA anekArthaka sabhI Akhyeya ho jAte haiM / arthAtmaka anusandhAna meM unakA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| ina paristhitiyoM se sambaddha zabdoM kI vyAkhyA hI nirvacana hai| nirvacanameM pratyakSa vRttikI apekSA parokSa evaM atiparokSa vRtti meM nihita arthokA prakAzana hI vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai| pratyakSa vRtti bhI nirvacana kA aMga hai / zabdoMmeM arthakI spaSTatA evaM dhvanyAdi sambaddhatA hone para pratyakSa vRttise hI usakA artha prakAzana hotA hai / zabdoMkI anekArthatA evaM artha saMkulatA hone para parokSa evaM atiparokSa vRttikA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| parokSa evaM atiparokSa vRtti meM antarnihita zabdoMke artho kA prakAzana nirvacana kA pradhAna uddezya hotA hai| pratyakSa vRtti meM antarnihita zabdoM kA artha prakAzana to vyAkaraNa Adi kI prakriyA se bhI ho jAtA hai / pratyakSa vRtti ke atirikta anya vRttiyoM meM antarbhUta zabdoM ke artha prakAzana meM
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________________ zabdAvayavoM ko pRthak-pRthak kara abhivyakta karanA nirvacana kahalAtA hai / ' (kha) nirvacanake lie prayukta anya nAma nirvacanake lie samAnArthaka nirukta zabdakA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / nirukta zabda nir+vac paribhASaNe+kta pratyayake yogase niSpanna hotA hai va kA u samprasAraNake dvArA huA hai|' isakA zAbdika artha apihita arthokA prakAzana hai | apihita arthoke prakAzanameM zabdoMkI ni:zeSa prakArakI vyAkhyA nirUktake andara samAhita hai|' nirvacana ke lie vyutpattikA prayoga hindI bhASAmeM hotA hai / ' zabdoMkA mUlAnveSaNa vyutpattikA pradhAna uddezya hai / vyutpattikA zAbdika artha hai viziSTa utpatti / vi+ut+pad+ktin pratyayase vyutpatti zabda niSpanna hotA hai| nirvacana evaM vyutpattimeM tAttvika antara hai, phira bhI hindI bhASA meM nirvacana ke lie vyutpattikA prayoga hotA hai| aMgrejI bhASAmeM nirvacana ke lie ETYMOLOGY (iTimAlAjI) zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| yaha zabda mUla rUpameM yUnAnI bhASAkA zabda hai| Etumos Logos se Etymology zabda niSpanna hotA hai| Etumos kA artha hotA hai- yathArtha tathA Logos lekhA jokhA kA vAcaka hai| isaprakAra Etymology kA artha huA yathArtha lekhA jokhA / yUnAnI bhASAmeM yaha darzanakI eka zAkhA thI / yunAnI dArzanika kisI-kisI zabda dvArA vyakta bhAva evaM tathyAtmaka vicArake prakAzanake lie zabdoMke mUla tathA usake arthakA adhyayana karate the / kAlAntarameM Etymology zabda bhASA vijJAnakI eka zAkhAke rUpameM pracalita hone lgaa| kisI khAsa zabdakA mUla tathA bhASA vaijJAnika vyAkhyA karane vAlA zAstra Etymology kahalAtA hai / zabdoMkA vyutpatti pradarzana bhI isakA kAma hai / bhASA vijJAnakA yaha vaha aMga hai jo zabdoM ke mUla tathA itihAsase sambandha rakhatA hai / ' 1 (ga) zAstra evaM nirvacana zAstra vivecana zAstra zabda zAs anuziSTau dhAtuse STran pratyayake dvArA niSpanna hotA hai (ziSyate anena iti zAstram) / zAstra zabdakA zAbdika artha hogA zAsana karane vAlA, upadeza karane vAlA / zAsanase tAtparya hai pravRtti evaM nivRtti kA upadeza karanevAlA / satkarma kI ora pravRtti evaM duSkarma kI ora se nivRtti kA upadezaka zAstra kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra zAstra dharma zAstra Adi kA 2 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ saMketaka hai|dhrm zAstrakA mUla uddezya hai pravRtti evaM nivRtti mArgakA anuzAsana krnaa| viSaya ke vAcaka zAstra zabdakI pratIti bhI isI zAs dhAtuse hogI, kyoMki kisI viSayakA tathyAtmaka upadeza karane vAlA bhI zAstra khlaaygaa| phalataH zAstra gUDha tattva kA pratipAdaka viSaya hai jo viziSTa jJAnakA vAcaka hai| nirvacana zAstra isI nirvacana tattva kA prakAzaka zAstra hai| nirvacana zAstra Adhunika bhASA vijJAnake zabdoMmeM vyutpatti zAstra kahalAtA hai| yadyapi vyutpatti zAstra vyAkaraNake anusAra zabdoMkA vyutpAdaka zAstra hai jo kisI zabdakI prakRti evaM pratyayoMko spaSTa karanA mAtra apanA uddezya rakhatA hai| zabdoMkI nirmANa prakriyAmeM prakRti pratyayakA upasthApana vyutpatti zAstrakA kArya hai| nirvacana zAstrake antargata vyutpattikI prakriyA to samAhita hai hI, vyutpati ke atirikta bhI kucha tathyoMkI svIkRti hai, jo zabdoMke mUlAnveSaNameM tathA artha prakAzanameM sahAyaka hote haiM / bhASA vijJAnakA vyutpatti zAstrazabdoMke mUlakA anveSaka hai tathA usake aitihAsika pakSoMkA udghATana karatA hai| nirvacana zAstrake antargata bhASA vaijJAnika vyutpati zAstrIya viSaya hI samAhita haiN| bhAratIya nirvacanakI paramparA svaviSaya sambaddha mUlAnveSaNa evaM aitihAsika pakSoMkA udghATana karatI hai| ataH nirukta vijJAna/zAstra yA Etymology vaha vijJAna hai jo zabdoM kA udbhava aura itihAsa batalAtA hai| (gha) nirvacana tathA nirukta zabdoM kA itihAsa ____ vaidika saMhitAoMmeM nirvacana zabdakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| ni+vac dhAtuke prayoga atharvavedameM prApta bhI hote haiM lekina nirvacanake artha ko dyotita nahIM krte| sAmavedake devatAdhyAyameM prathamataH nirvacana zabda prApta hotA hai, jo apanA pAribhASika artha rakhatA hai| atha nirvacanam se prAraMbha hone vAlA yaha adhyAya nirvacanakA hI vivecana karatA hai| ukta avasarapara gAyatrI Adi chandoMke nirvacana bhI hue haiN| ye nirvacana niruktake nirvacanoMse sAmya rakhate haiN| yAskane bhI dvitIya adhyAyameM atha nirvacanam kaha kara zabdoMkA nirvacana prAraMbha kiyA hai| taittirIya AraNyakameM isa zabdakA prayoga vyutpatti zAstrIya vyAkhyAke arthameM huA haiN| 3 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nirvacanake paryAya nirukta zabda kAThaka evaM maitrAyaNI saMhitAoM meM prApta hote haiN| lekina ina sthaloM meM prayukta nirukta zabda nirvacanake pAribhASika arthako dyotita nahIM karate / vahAM ve mAtra nir+vac dhAtukA artha pratipAdana karate haiN| prAcIna brAhmaNa graMtha sAMkhAyana meM bhI nirukta zabda isI arthameM upalabdha hotA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNameM nirukta zabda apane pAribhASika arthameM prayukta nahIM hue haiN| muNDakopaniSadbhra vedAMgoMkI gaNanAke avasara para caturtha vedAMgake rUpameM niruktakI ginatI huI hai| chAndogyopaniSadmeM veda vidyA zabda kA prayoga huA hai jisakI vyAkhyAmeM zAMkara bhASya nirukta artha pratipAdita karatA hai| zabdakI vyAkhyAke arthameM nirukta zabdakA prayoga chAndogyopaniSad meM prApta hotA hai| yahAM hRdaya zabdakI nirukti bhI dI gayI hai| uparyukta ullekhoMse spaSTa hai ki veda evaM brAhmaNa granthoMmeM nirvacana yA nirukta zabda kA prayoga nirukta zAstrake arthameM nahIM huA hai| yahAM yaha spaSTa pratipAdana yA vyAkhyAke arthameM prayukta hai / brAhmaNa granthoMmeM jina devatAoMkA svarUpa yA unase sambaddha bastu abhihita hai, use nirukta kahA gayA hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki brAhmaNa granthoM meM nirukta deva vidyAke artha meM prayukta hai| AraNyakoM meM nirvacana zabda kA prayoga vyutpatti zAstrIya vyAkhyAke arthameM prApta hotA hai| upaniSadoMmeM yaha nirvacana prakriyA evaM vedAMgake rUpameM prayukta huA hai| yAskake niruktameM nirukti ke do artha dRzya hote haiM, prathama zabda zAstrIya nirvacana sambandhI artha tathA dvitIya devavidyA sambandhI artha / niruktameM prAraMbha ke cha: aE yAya bhASA zAstrIya nirvacana prastuta karate haiM tathA zeSa deva vidyAkA pratipAdana karate haiN| bhASA vijJAna aura nirvacana bhASA zabda saMskRtake bhAS vyaktAyAM vAci dhAtuse a pratyaya evaM TAp pratyaya karane para niSpanna hotA hai jisakA artha hotA hai spaSTa rUpase bolnaa| bolIko bhASA mAna lenese bhASAkA tAtparya spaSTa nahIM hotaa| isake sambandhameM prazna uThatA hai, kisakI bolI-manuSyakI yA pazu pakSiyoMkI yA samasta aNDaja udbhijoMkI dhvaniyAM / sabhI prANI apane hRdgata bhAvoMkI abhivyaktike lie zabdoccAraNa karate haiM | kucha dhvaniyAM padArtha saMgharSase bhI nikalatI haiM jinheM bhI 4 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bolake antargata mAnA jA sakatA hai| agara zabdoccAraNa yA bolIko bhASA mAna liyA jAya to usakI paribhASA avyApti aura ativyApti doSoMse achUtI nahIM raha sakatI / kucha prANIkI bolI evaM padArtha saMgharSase utpanna dhvaniyoMko bhASA vijJAnakA viSaya isalie nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki ve mAnavakI samajhase bAharakI cIja haiM / anuzrutiyoMke AdhAra para pazupakSiyoM evaM sthAvara jaMgamAdikoM kI boliyoMkI manuSya dvArA samajhanekI carcA prApta hotI hai| ina boliyoMko bhASA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / punaH kevala bhASAkA sambandha viziSTa lekhoM yA sAhityika bhASA vizeSase liyA jAya to isameM paribhASAgata ubhayavidha doSa laga jaaeNge| lekhake atirikta artha saMketita zabdoMkA samAveza usameM nahIM ho sakegA / punaH lekha ko hI bhASA kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai, lekhakI apekSA bhASAkA itihAsa bahuta prAcIna hai / prAcIna kAlameM bhAratameM bhASAke lie vAk yA vANI zabdakA prayoga hotA thA / vastutaH bhASA, vAk yA vANImeM svarUpa bheda hote hue bhI viSaya bheda nahIM hai / brahmAke niHzvAsase niHsRta tatkAlIna vaidika bhASA thii|" isake anusAra niHzvAsako hI bhASAkI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / vAk yA vANIko indrane vyAkRta kiyA isakI carcA taittirIya saMhitAmeM prApta hotI hai / " vAk zabda vac paribhASaNe dhAtuse kvip pratyaya evaM dIrgha vidhAnase niSpanna hotA hai|" rAmAyaNameM isake vizeSaNameM vAk tathA mAnuSI zabdakA prayoga huA hai / 2deg vastutaH mAnuSI zabda manuSyakI bolIse sambandha rakhatA hai| AcArya pANinine saMskRta ke lie bhASA zabdakA prayoga kiyA hai| 21 yAska bhASAkA prayoga janasAmAnyameM pracalita vaidika bhASAse bhinna saMskRta bhASAke arthameM karate haiN| 22 RgvedameM pratipAdita vaikharI vANIko bhASA kahA jA sakatA hai | 23 vaikharI vANIko turIyavAk kaha kara yaha spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki usake pUrvakI tIna vAk vANIke andara parigaNita nahIM ho sakatI tathA unheM mAnuSI yA manuSya vAk nahIM kaha skte| zatapatha brAhmaNameM bhI vaikharI vANI, jo ki vyakta vANI hai, kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| 24 maharSi pataMjaline vANIko prakaTa karaneke lie vyakta varNoM ke samAmnAyako bhASA kahA hai| 25 maharSi yAskane bhASA kI paribhASA denekI ceSTA nahIM kI hai, lekina bhASAke saMbaMdha meM apanA uddezya prakaTa kara diyA hai / saMskRta ke lie unhoMne bhASA zabda kA prayoga kiyA, jo 5 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ saMskRta usa samaya janasAmAnya kI bhASA evaM antarrASTrIya bhASA thii| yAska kevala likhita abhivyaktiyoM ko hI bhASA nahIM mAnate balki unhoMne dhvanyAtmaka rUpoM ko bhI bhASAkI mAnyatA dI hai| yAskake samaya lekhanakalA kA vikAsa ho cukA thaa|" yAskane nirUktameM Rgveda ke maMtroMkI vyAkhyA evaM nirvacana kramameM bhASA viSayaka apanA abhimata spaSTa kara diyA hai| vaikharI vANIko bhASA mAnaneke pakSameM yAska bhI haiN| vaikharI vANIko turIya vANI bhI kahA gayA hai| vastuta: vaikharImeM pUrva tIna vAkako vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH parA, pazyaMtI evaM madhyamAko guhAsthita batAyA gayA hai| parA vAk mUlacakra sthita hotI hai arthAt mUlacakrastha dhvani, joaspaSTa evaM sUkSmAtisUkSma hai, parAvAk kahalAtI hai / pazyantI vAk nAbhi saMsthita hai jo parAkI apekSA spaSTa hotI hai phira bhI use spaSTa vANI nahIM kaha sakate kyoMki usakA bhI vyaktikaraNa nahI hotA hai| madhyamA vAk hRdayastha hotI hai jo parA evaM pazyantIkI apekSA sthUlatara hotI jAtI hai| parA hI kramazaH pazyantI evaM madhyamA ke rUpameM sthAnagata AzrayaNake calate parigaNita hotI hai / punaH vahI vANI jaba kaNTha dezameM gamana karatI hai to vaikharI kahalAtI hai jo pUrNa vyakta evaM spaSTa hotI hai, jisakA prayoga manuSya karatA hai| isI vaikharI vANIkA sambandha bhASA evaM bhASA vijJAnase hai| bhASA vijJAna :- bhAratIya zAstrake anusAra vidyA do prakAra kI hai| parA evaM aparA / aparA vidyA meM Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda, atharvaveda, zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, chanda, nirukta evaM jyotiSakI gaNanA hotI hai| parA vidyA vijJAnako dyotita karatI hai| vizeSa jJAnakA sambandha parA vidyAse hai| bhASA vijJAna ke lie prayukta nAmoM kA vivecana prAcIna bhAratameM bhASA vijJAnake lie kaI nAmoMkA prayoga huA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika mahattvakI dRSTise zikSAkA nAma prathamataH liyA jA sakatA hai| zikSA kI gaNanA vedAMgoMmeM hotI hai| yoM to bhASA vaijJAnikadRSTi se zikSAko dhvani vijJAna kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha svara varNAdi kA uccAraNa prakAra vizeSa rUpameM varNita karatA hai| prAcIna kAlameM bhASA vaijJAnika guNoMse yukta yaha aMga bhASA ke sambandha meM Avazyaka jAnakArI detA thaa| usa samaya bhASA 6 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vijJAna nAmakA koI grantha nahIM thaa| Aja kala bhASA vijJAna dhvanivijJAna, rUpa vijJAna, vAkya vijJAna, zabda vijJAna Adi viSayoMkA samanvita rUpa hai| prAcIna kAlameM pratyeka bhASA vaijJAnika aMga para alaga-alaga svataMtra zAstra the, jisameM zikSA dhvani vijJAnakA pratipAdaka thii| vedAMgoMmeM zikSAkA mahattvapUrNa sthAna inhIM vizeSatAoMke calate prApta huaa|bhaassaa vijJAnakI zAkhAke rUpa meM kArya karane vAlA mahattvapUrNa zAstra vyAkaraNa thA | vyAkaraNa bhI vedAMgoMmeM parigaNita hai| yaha zabda zAstrake rUpameM bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isako vyAkaraNa zAstra, zabdAnuzAsana Adi ke nAmase bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| vyAkaraNa mUla rUpameM zabdoMkI prakRti, nirmANa prakriyA Adipara vicAra prastuta karatA hai| prAcInakAlameM etad viSayaka kArya prAtizAkhyoMke dvArA huA karatA thA / pratyeka vedake alaga-alaga prAtizAkhya grantha haiN| vaidika evaM laukika zabdoM ke anuzAsanake lie vyAkaraNa sampradAya bhI vikhyAta haiN| jinameM aindra, cAndra kAzakRtsna Adi kaI vyAkaraNa prasiddha the| bhASA vijJAnakI mahattvapUrNa zAkhA thI nirukta / isakI gaNanA bhI vedAMgoM meM hotI hai| tatkAlIna bhASAoMkI nirukti ke kAraNa isakA mahattva itanA bar3ha gayA ki apane kSetrameM yaha prAraMbhika grantha hI mAnA jAne lgaa| niruktameM nirvacanakA viziSTa sthAna honeke kAraNa yaha nirvacana zAstrake nAmase bhI prasiddha huA / yadyapi nirvacanoMkI upalabdhi vedAdi meM bhI hotI hai phira bhI vyavasthita rUpameM nirvacana karane vAlA zAstra nirukta hI thaa| nirUkta zabda evaM artha vijJAnakA bhI pratipAdana karatA hai, lekina vaiziSTya nirvacana kA hI hai| yoM to bhASA vaijJAnika tathyoMkA vivecana brAhmaNa, AraNyaka evaM upaniSadoMmeM bhI prApta hotA hai lekina vyavasthita DhaMgase bhASA vijJAna kA vivecana una granthoMmeM prApta nahIM hotaa| ___Adhunika yugameM bhASA vijJAnake lie hindI bhASAmeM bhI bahuta se nAma Aye / ye sAre nAma aMgrejI nAmoMke anuvAda mAtra haiN| isa vijJAnake lie bhASA vijJAna, bhASA zAstra, tulanAtmaka bhASA vijJAna evaM tulanAtmaka bhASA zAstrakA prayoga hotA hai| vijJAna evaM zAstrakA prayoga eka dUsareke paryAya ke rUpa meM hai| ataH bhASA vijJAna yA bhASA zAstrameM koI bheda nahIM / aMgrejI nAma sAinsa Apha leMgveja (Science of Language) kA hindI anuvAda bhASA vijJAna yA bhASA zAstra hai |kampereTibha philolAjI (Comparative Philology) kA tulanAtmaka 7 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAsta
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________________ bhASA vijJAna yA tulanAtmaka bhASA zAstra / kucha dinoMse hindI meM bhASikI zabda kA prayoga bhI isa vijJAnake lie hone lagA hai / bhASikIkA sambandha bhASAse hai tathA laghu nAma adhika sArthaka pratIta hotA hai| vartamAna samayameM isa vijJAnakA adhika pracalita nAma bhASA vijJAna yA bhASA zAstra hI hai, jo philolAjI (Philology) tathA liMgvisTika (Linguistic) kA hindI rUpAntara hai| __ 19 vIM zatAbdI meM bhASA vijJAnake punarjAgaraNakA kAla AyA / prathamataH isakA nAma kampereTibha grAmara (Comparative Grammar) rakhA gayA, kyoMki isakA kSetra vyAkaraNa ke andara hI sImita thA / vyAkaraNake hI tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko bhASA vijJAna ke zabdoM meM hindI meM tulanAtmaka vyAkaraNa kaha sakate haiM | usa samaya vyAkaraNa tathA bhASA vijJAna pradhAnatayA eka hI viSaya ke antargata Ate the / bhASA vijJAnakI mAtra vizeSatA thI tulanAtmaka adhyayana kii| kucha samaya ke bAda logoM ne anubhava kiyA ki bhASA vijJAna vyAkaraNa ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke atirikta aura kucha hai| phalataHisa nAma se virakti hone lagI / bhASA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma kampereTibha philAlAjI (Comparative Philology) huA / samayAntara meM kampereTibha zabda bhI haTA diyA gayA kyoMki kisI bhI vijJAna kA yaha guNa hai ki usameM tulanAtmakatA bhI ho| phalataH kampereTibha zabda haTa jAne ke bAda kevala philolAjI zabda hI rhaa| DevIja ne bhASA vijJAna ke lie 1716 I0 meM (Glossology) glAsolAjI zabda kA prayoga kiyaa| pricarDa ne 1841 I meM glATolAjI (Glottology) zabda kA prayoga isa vijJAna ke lie kiyA / bIsavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM vidvAnoM ne isake lie glATolAjI zabda ko hI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa nAma tthhraayaa| phirabhI isa nAmakI vyApakatA nahIM honeke kAraNa yaha sthAyitva grahaNa nahIM kara sakA |kuch dezoMmeM usakelie philolAjI (Philology)zabda pracalita ho gayA thA / yaha zabda yUnAnI bhASA kA hai| Philos+Logos =Philology/Philos kA artha hotA hai prema tathA Logos kA artha hotA hai bhASA kA jJAna / prAraMbha meM isakA artha thA jJAnakA prema,sAhitya zAstrIya dRSTise bhASA kA adhyayana, vyAkaraNa, AlocanA Adi / bAdameM isakA sambandha usa jJAna se ho gayA jo zAstrIya bhASAoM ke bhASA zAstrIya adhyayana kA viSaya thA / AraMbha meM to yaha 8 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nAma kamperiTibha zabda se yukta thA, kintu bAda meM kampereTibha zabda nahI rahA / mAtra philaulAjI hI prasiddha huA / bhASA vijJAna ke lie eka nAma jo bhASAvidoM meM samAdRta huA, vaha hai (Linguistic) liMgvisTika / phrAMsa meM ise loga Linguistique tathA jarmana ke loga sprAkha vizena zaphTa | (Sprech Wisomchaft) kahate hai| rUsI bhASA meM isa vijJAna ko ajikaujnAjnIya (Yazelikoznaxie) kahate hai| sAyaMsa Apha laiMgveja (Science of Language) kA bhI sUtrapAta isa vijJAna ke nAmakaraNa ke lie huA thA / lekina isa prakAra kA vRhat nAma paribhASA ke aisA lagane ke kAraNa prabhAvazAlI nahIM ho sakA / amerikA meM bhASA vijJAna kI do zAkhAyeM ho gayI ! vahAM philaulAjI (Philology) zabda kA prayoga prAcIna bhASA sAhitya evaM abhilekhoM kI bhASAoM ke adhyayana meM kiyA jAtA hai / liMgvisTika Linguistic zabda kA prayoga Adhunika jIvita bhASAoM ke adhyayana ke lie hotA hai |5 Linguistic zabda laiTina zabda Linguaa se banA hai jisakA artha hotA hai jihvA / bhASA vijJAna ke lie Linguistique zabda kA prayoga phrAMsa meM huA / bAda meM yaha zabda aMgrejI meM pracalita huaa| lekina isakA rUpa kucha badalakara Linguistic / Linguistics ho gyaa| Aja kala yaha nAma sabhI nAmoM se adhika pracalita hai / prAcIna bhArata meM bhASA vijJAna ke vibhinna aMgoM para alaga-alaga kArya hote the / bhASA vijJAna kI sarvAMgapUrNa svataMtra koI pustaka nahIM thI / zikSA evaM prAtizAkhya ke kucha aMza dhvani vijJAna ke rUpa meM kArya karate the / zabda vivecaka zAstra ke rUpa meM vyAkaraNa evaM prAtizAkhya parigaNita the / nirukta artha vijJAna kA pratipAdaka thA / nirukta kA pradhAna kArya zabdoM kA nirvacana prastuta karanA hai / isa AdhAra para ise zabda vijJAna kA viSaya bhI mAnA jAyagA / nirukta kA mUla uddezya artha vivakSA hai| artha ke sambandha meM viziSTa jAnakArI dene ke kAraNa ise artha vijJAna se sambaddha mAnA jA sakatA hai / nirukta kA kArya bhASA vijJAna ke sabhI aMgoM para prakAza DAlanA nahIM hai / vaha kevala nirvacana kI hI prAthamikatA detA hai / phalataH yAska ne isa vijJAna ke lie nirukta nAma diyA hai| nighaNTu zabda bhI bhASA vijJAna ke aMga ke rUpa meM parigaNita ho sakate haiM zabdoM kA samAmnAya hI nighaNTu hai " tathA isa nighaNTu kI vyAkhyA nirukta / 36 9 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nighaNTu vyavasthita krama se yukta zabdoM kA saMgraha hai jise koSa kI prathama pustaka bhI kaha sakate haiN| uparyukta vivecanoM se spaSTa hai ki prAcIna bhArata meM bhASA vijJAna kaI ikAiyoM meM vibhAjita the / nirvacana zAstra yA nirukta zAstra ko bhASA vijJAna kI svataMtra zAkhA kahA jA sakatA hai| saMdarbha saMketa 1. apihitasya arthasya parokSavRttau atiparokSavRttau vA zabde niSkRSya vigRhya vacanaM nirvacanam - ni0 du0 vR0 2 11, 2. igyaNaH samprasAraNam - aSTA0 114145, 3. arthAvavodhe nirapekSatayA padajAtaM yatroktaM tanniruktam -R0bhAvabhU0 (sAyaNa) 4. bhASA vi0 - (bho0nA0 ti0) 5. Explanation of the Origin and Linguistic changes of a particular word, the derivation of a word; the branch of Philology concerned with the origin and History of words. THE LIVING WEBSTER - (Encyclopedic Dictionaryof the English Language) 6. (ka) pravRttizca nivRttizca nityena kRtakena vA / puMsAM yenopadizyeta tacchAstramiti kathyate / / (kha) halA0 - pR06597. The Science that treats the origin and history of words. (Chamber's Dictionary) 8. yakSmaNAM sarveSAM viSaM viSaM niravocamahaM tvat - atharva saM0 9 / 13 1129. athAto nirvacanam - daiva0 brA0 - 311, 10. taM garbhiNyA vAcA mithunayA prajanayati yanniruktaM cAnniruktaM tanmithunam - kAThaka saM0 - 6 15 etadvai devAnAM brahmAniruktaM yaccaturhotArastadenaM nirucyamAnaM prakAzaM gamayati- kAThaka saM0 9116 aniruktaH prAtastavaH, prajApatimeva tenApnoti, viyonirve vAjapeyaH prAjApatyaH, saniruktasAmA, yadaniruktaH prAtassavastena sA yonirathyantaraM sAma bhavati / maitrA0saM0 1111 19 yajuSA havirdhAnaM minoti, niruktA hi dyauH, yajuSA sado niruktAhIyam, ayajuSAgnI - dhram, aniruktamiva hyantarikSam,ardhamA gnIdhrasyAntarvedi minoti, ardhaM yantarikSasyAsmiMlloke'dh mimuSmin - maitrA0 saM0 3 1819 11. taitti0 A0 - 116 14 12. uccai rniruktamabhiSTuyAtprANA vai stumo niruktohyeSa :- zAMkhA0 brA08 13 atha yaduccaiH somyasya yajati candramAvaisomo'niruktovaicandramAstasyana parastAtparya ' jedityAhuH-zAMkhA0 brA0 16 15 uccairniruktamanubrUyAt ! etad ha vA evaM vAco 10 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska -
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________________ nanvavasitaM pApmano yaniruktam, tasmAniruktamanubrUyAt yajamAnasyaiva pApmanopahatyai / zAMkhA0 brA0 1111, 13. za0 brA0 draSTavya 14. tatrAparA Rgvedo yajurvedaH sAmavedo'tharvavedaH zikSAkalpo vyAkaraNaM niruktaM chando jyotissmiti| atha parA yayA tadakSaramadhigamyate-mu0 u0 115, 15. RgvedaM bhagavo'dhyemi yajurvedasAmavedamAtharvaNaM caturthamitihA sapurANaM paMcamaM vedAnAM vedaM pitryaM rAzi daivaM nidhiM vAkovAkyamekAyanaM devavidyAM brahmavidyAM bhUtavidyAM kSatravidyAM nakSatravidyA sarvadevajana vidyAmetadbhagavo'dhyemi- chA0 u0 711 12, 16. sa vA eSa AtmA hRdyamiti tasmAddhadayamaharaharvA evaM vitsvargalokameti - chA0 u0 81373, 17. yasya niHzvasitaM vedA yo vedebhyo'khilaM jagat / nirmame tamahaM vande vidyAtIrtha mahezvaram / / - R0 bhA0 bhU0 pR0 1-zlo0 2, 18. vAgvai parAvyavyAkRtA'vadat te devA indramabruvan, imAM no vAcaM vyAkurviti tAmindrA madhyato'vakramya vyAkarot-tai0 saM0714 17, 19. vacipracchIti kvip-halAyudha - pR0 598, 20. vAcaM codAhariSyAmi mAnuSImiha saMskRtAm / rAvaNaM manyamAnA mAM sItA bhItA bhaviSyati / / - vA0 rA0 su0 kA0 20/19, 21. vibhASAbhASAyAm -aSTA0 6 11/181, 22. iveti bhASAyAm-ni0 1/2 iti vicikitsArthIyo bhASAyAma - ni0112,23. catavAri vAka parimitA padAni tAni vidAhmaNA ye manISiNaH / guhA trINi nihitA neMgayanti turIyaM vAco manuSyA vadanti ||R0 11164 145 vRhaspate prathamaM vAco agraM yat prerata nAmadheyaM dadhAnA yadeSA zreSThaM yadaripramAsIt preNA tadeSA nihitaM guhaaviH|| R010 171 12 saktumiva titaunA punanto yatra dhIrA manasA vAcamakrata / atrA sakhAyaH sakhyAni jAnate bhadraiSAM lkssmiinihitaadhivaacii| R0 10 172 12, 24. zata0 brA0 -41111116, 25. vyaktavAcakavarNAH yeSAM ta ime - mahAbhASya - 1, 26. zavatirgatikarmA kambojeSveva bhASyate-ni0 2 11, 27. dra0 pataMjali kAlIna bhAratavarSa - pR0 6, 28. R0 1/164 145, ni0 13, 29. parAvAG mUlacakrasthA, pazyantI nAbhisaMsthitA hRdisthA madhyamA jJeyA vaikharI knntthdeshgaa|| paramalaghu- maMjUSA-(sphoTa vicAra), 30. (ve vidye veditavye iti ha sma yadabrahmavi- do vadanti -parAcaivAparA ca tatrAparARgvedoyajarvedaH sAmavedo'tharvavedaH zikSA kalpo vyAkaraNaM niruktaM chandojyotiSamiti / atha parA yayA tadakSaramadhigamyate)- muNDa0 u01 15,31. svaravarNAdhuccAraNaprakAro 11: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yatropadizyate sA zikSA-(sA0 bhA0), 32. zabdazAstraM mukhaM jyotiSaM cakSuSi, zrotramuktaM niruktaMca kalpaH karau / yA tu zikSA'sya vedasya sA nAsikA, pAdapadmadvayaM chanda AdyairvRdhaiH / / siddhAnta ziromaNi - (gaNitAdhyAya), 33. athazabdAnuzAsanama - keSAM zabdAnAM vaidikAnAM laukikAnAMca / mahAbhASya 111. 34. amerikA Adi, 35. bhA0 vi. pR07 - 9, 36. samAmnAyaH samAmnAtaH sa vyAkhyAtavyaH / tamimaM samAmnAyaM nighaNTava ityAcakSate / - ni0 1 / 1 / dvitIya adhyAya nirvacanoM kI aitihAsika paramparA (ka) vaidika sAhityameM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa _ nirvacana jijJAsA zAntikI mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai| kisI zabdameM jo artha sampRkta rahate haiM, usakA kyA AdhAra ho sakatA hai, isakA samAdhAna nirvacana hI karatA hai| vedAMga hone ke kAraNa nirukta bhI vaidika sAhityameM parigaNita hai| vaidika sAhitya para dRSTipAta karanese patA calatA hai ki nirvacanakA sUtrapAta niruktase bahuta pUrva ho cukA thA / vaidika saMhitAoMko inakA utsa mAnA jA sakatA hai| AcArya yAskane to vaidika RSiyoMko niruktakArake rUpameM svIkAra kiyA hai| saMhitAoMmeM arthAbhivyaktike lie padoMke dhAtu evaM dhAtvaMzoMkA saMketa bar3I sUkSmatAse kiyA gayA hai| pariNAmataH zabdArthopalabdhimeM dhAtvarthakA sambandha | sthApita ho jAtA hai| isa prakArake zabdoMke samAvezase arthajJAnameM to sugamatA hotI hI hai, vAkyoM kA cArUtva bhI bar3ha jAtA hai, vAkya AlaMkArika ho jAte haiN| sabhI nAma AkhyAtaja haiM, isa siddhAntake anusAra zabdoMmeM dhAtvanveSaNa prakRti siddha hai / saMhitAoMmeM dhAtuoMke nirdezase nirvacanakA kArya pradhAnatayA sampanna huA hai| Rk saMhitAmeM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa jJAna ke agAdha srota, sarvasamRddha evaM sarvaprAcIna RgvedasaMhitAmeM nirvacanoMkA prathama darzana hotA hai| isa saMhitAmeM do prakArake nirvacana prApta hote haiM :- 1. pratyakSavRtti ke nirvacana evaM 2. parokSa vRttike nirvacana / pratyakSa vRttike 12 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nirvacanoMmeM aise saMjJApada Ate haiM jinake dhAtu evaM dhAtvaMzoMkI sUcanA usImeM upalabdha ho jAtI hai| phalataH dhAtu evaM saMjJApadameM utpAdya utpAdaka sambandha spaSTa ho jAtA hai / parokSavRttike nirvacana unheM kaheMge jinake prakRti pratyaya sahaja spaSTa nahIM hote tathA jinameM kaI dhAtuoMkI saMbhAvanAeM saMlakSita hotI rahatI haiN| pratyaya bhI sahaja rUpameM dRSTigocara nahIM hote| pariNAmasvarUpa isa prakArake zabda vizleSaNakI apekSA rakhate haiN| Rgveda saMhitAke nirvacanoMkA upasthApana draSTavya hai - 1. vasorindraM vasupatiM gIrbhirgRNanta Rgmiyam "2 isa mantrAMzameM gIH zabdako spaSTa karaneke lie gRNanta kriyA pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / anyatra bhI gIH pada gRNAti kriyA padase spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / ataH gRNAti kriyA padakA gIH se sambandha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| tadanusAra gIH padameM gR nigaraNe dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaayegaa| yaha pratyakSavRtyAzrita hai / 2. RcAM tvaH pauSamAste pupuSvAn gAyatraM tvo gAyati zakvarISu brahmA tvo vadati jAta vidyAM yajJasya mAtrAM vimimIta utvH||*4 isa mantrameM gAyatraM zabdako spaSTa karaneke lie gAyati kriyApadakA upasthApana hai / gAyati kriyA kA sambandha ukta saMjJA padase spaSTa hai / anyatra bhI gAyatrI zabda gAyati kriyApada dvArA saMketita hai / isa zabdameM stutyarthaka gai dhAtukA yoga hai / yaha nirvacana pratyakSa vRtyAzrita hai / niruktameM bhI gai dhAtuse hI isakA nirvacana kiyA gayA hai|' 3. yajJena yajJamayajanta devAstAni dharmANi prathamAnyAsan te ha nAkammahimAnaH sacantayatrapUrve sAdhyAH santi devAH / / ' isa mantrameM yajJa zabdako spaSTa karaneke lie ayajanta kriyA prayukta hai / ayajanta kriyA yaj dhAtuse niSpanna hai / yaha nirvacana pratyakSavRtyAzrita hai / niruktameM bhI yajJa zabdakA nirvacana yaj dhAtuse hI kiyA gayA hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI yaj dhAtuse naG pratyaya karane para yajJa zabda niSpanna hotA hai / ' "tantuM tanuSva pUrvyaM sutasomAya dAzuSe " 10 isa mantrAMzameM yajJArtha pratipAdaka tantu zabdake lie tan vistAre dhAtu saMketita hai / tanuSva kriyApada tantuko spaSTa karatA hai| RgvedameM tantukA tan 13 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya grAska
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________________ dhAtuse sambandha anyatra bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai||" yaha pratyakSa vRtyAzrita nirvacanameM parigaNita hogaa| 5. "sarathena rathItamo'smAke nAbhi yugmanA jeSi jiSNo hitaM dhanam / / 12 isa mantrameM jiSNoH padake sAtha jeSi kriyApada prayukta hai| ataH ukta saMjJApadameM ji dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaayegaa| yaha nirvacana pratyakSa vRtyAzrita hai| 6."citramarka gRNate turAya mArUtAya stavase bharadhvam ye sahAsisahasA sahante rejante agne pRthivI makhebhyaH / / 13 isa mantrake tRtIya pAdameM sahas saMjJA padake sAtha sahante kriyA pada bhI prayukta hai| sadhAtuke yogase sahante kriyA niSpanna hotI hai| sahasa zabda meM bhI saha dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana pratyakSa vRtyAzrita hai| nirvacanake calate hI vAkya bhI AlaMkArika ho gaye haiN| 7.sotA hi somamadribhi reme namapsu dhAvata gavyA vastre vAsayanta innaro nirdhakSanvakSaNAbhyaH / 114 havirmire ke svaritaH sacante sunvanta eke savaneSu somAn zacIrmadanta uta dakSiNAbhinejjihmAyantyo narakaMpatAma / / 15 prathama mantrameM sotAse somakA spaSTa saMketa prApta ho jAtA hai | sotA meM su dhAtukA yoga hai| somameM bhI su prasravaNe dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaayegaa| dvitIya mantrameM sunvanta kriyApadakA sambandha somAnse hai / phalataH susavane dhAtu spaSTa hI soma zabdake lie parilakSita hai| yaha pratyakSavRtyAzrita nirvacana hai / nirukta meM bhI somakA nirvacana suprasave dhAtU se mAnA gayA hai| Rgveda saMhitAmeM parokSavRtyAzrita nirvacana ke bhI darzana hote haiN| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM :1. "gAyanti tvA gAyatriNo'rcantyarkamarkiNaH brahmANastvA zatakrato udvaMzamiva yemire / / "17 isa maMtrameM arkakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| arka zabda anekArthaka hai| yAskane arkako deva (sUrya) anna, mantra evaM arka vRkSa mAnA hai| arka zabda meM anu 14 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhAtukA saMketa hai| arkiNaH arkase niSpanna matvarthIya pratyayase yukta hai / yahAM arkameM stutyarthaka evaM pUjArthaka arc dhAtukA yoga mAnA jAyegA, jo devavizeSa yA mantrakA vAcaka hogA / yAskane annake arthameM arkeko jIvanArthaka ac dhAtuse niSpanna mAnA hai / " arc dhAtuse arkakA saMketa RgvedameM anyatra bhI prApta hotA hai|" arka zabdameM dhAtuke anekArthaka hone kI kalpanA parokSavRtti ko saMketa karatI hai| 2. "pUrvIrindrasya rAtayo na vidasyantyUtayaH yadivAjasya gomataH stotRbhyo maMhate magham / / "20 isa mantrameM magha zabdake lie maMh dhAtu saMketita hai| maMhate kriyA padake dvArA maMh dAne dhAtukA spaSTa pratyakSIkaraNa hotA hai, lekina magha zabdake lie maMh dhAtu svAbhAvika rUpameM upasthita na hokara parokSavRtyAzrita hai / anusvAra lopa evaM ha kA gha varNa parivartana pratyakSavRttike dvArA nahIM ho sakatA / magha zabdake lie maMha dhAtukA saMketa RgvedameM anyatra bhI prApta hotA hai / 21 3. indrA viSNU madapatI madAnAmA somaM yAtaM draviNo dadhAnA / savAmaMjantva ktubhirmatInAM sa stomAsaH zasyamAnAsa ukthaiH / / "22 isa mantrameM aktu zabdakI vyAkhyA aMj dhAtuse kI jA sakatI hai| aMjantu kriyA padakA prayoga ukta mantrameM spaSTa hai| aMj dhAtuse niSpanna aktu zabdameM pratyakSa vRttikA darzana nahIM hotA, kyoMki k evaM ta varNa kA parivartana pratyakSa vRttise saMbhava nahIM hai| 4. grAvANo na sUrayaH sindhu mAtara AdardirAso adrayo na vizvahA / / *23 isa mantrameM adri zabdake lie AdardirAsaH AkhyAtakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / A+dR dhAtu se adri zabda niSpanna hotA hai| RgvedameM anyatra bhI adri zabda dR dhAtu se saMketita hai| 24 ataH adri zabda pratyakSa vRtyAzrita na hokara parokSa vRtyAzrita hai / yAska bhI adri zabdako A+dR dhAtu se niSpanna mAnate haiN| 25 5. eSa sya vAM pUrvagatveva sakhye nidhirhito mAdhvI rAto asme / "26 yahAM nidhi zabdakA spaSTIkaraNa hitaH zabdase ho jAtA hai| hitaH zabda 15 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhA+kta pratyayase niSpanna hai / dhA dhAtukA hi Adeza sambhavataH nidhi zabdameM pratyaya ke jaisA prayukta hai| phalataH artha spaSTa karane mAtra uddezyase yukta isa nirvacana ko artha nirvacana kahA jaayegaa| uparyukta nirvacanoMke paridarzanase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki RgvedameM pratyakSa vRtyAzrita evaM parokSa vRtyAzrita, donoM prakArake nirvacana prApta hote haiN| nirvacana kramameM dhvaniparivartana bhI spaSTa parilakSita hote haiM / Rgveda saMhitAke nirvacana rUpAtmaka dRSTise zabda nirvacana evaM artha nirvacana haiM | dhvanyaMzakI vyAkhyA kara zabdake mUla ko spaSTa karanA zabda nirvacana hai| Rgvedake ina pradarzanoM meM anu dhAtuse arkakI vyAkhyA isI zreNIkI hai| nirukta siddhAnta, varNAgama, varNa viparyaya, varNavikAra evaM varNanAzakA AzrayaNa bhI ina sthaloMmeM hotA hai| artha nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka AdhArakI upekSA kara bhI artha spaSTa karanekA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| aise zabdoMke dhvanyaMzakI vyAkhyA na hokara bhI artha spaSTa mAtra ho jAtA hai| udAharaNa saMkhyA pAMcase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai jisameM nidhi zabdako spaSTa karaneke lie hitaH zabdakA prayoga vahIM kara diyA gayA hai| yajurveda saMhitAmeM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa : yajurvedake do rUpa prApta hote haiM, 1- kRSNa yajurveda evaM 2-zukla yajurveda / uttara bhAratameM zukla yajurveda evaM dakSiNa bhArata meM kRSNa yajurvedakI zAkhAyeM viziSTa rUpameM upalabdha hotI haiN| zukla yajurveda cAlIsa adhyAyoMmeM saMhitAtmaka rUpameM vidyamAna hai| kRSNa yajurvedameM mantra brAhmaNAtmaka sammilita rUpakA darzana hotA haiM yajurvedake nirvacanoM kA svarUpa draSTavya hai| 1. vasoH pavitramasi zatadhAraM vasoH pavitramasi sahastradhAram / * devastvA savitA punAtu vasoH pavitreNa zatadhAreNa supvA kAmadhukSaH / / isameM prayukta pavitra zabda punAtu kriyAke sAhacaryase spaSTa ho jAtA hai| phalataH pavitra zabda pupavane dhAtuse vyAkhyAta hai| ise pratyakSavRtyAzrita nirvacana mAnA jaayegaa| nirukta meM bhI pavitra zabdako pupavane dhAtuse hI niSpanna mAnA gayA 2. "dhUrasi dhUrvadhUrvantaM dhUrva taM yo'smAn dhUrvati taM dhUrvayaM vayaM dhUmiH / devAnAmasi vahnitamaM sasnitamaM papritamaM juSTatamaM devhuutmm||"30 16 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ isa mantrameM dhUH zabda dhUdhAtuse vyAkhyAta hai| yaha nirvacana parokSavRtyAzrita hai| dhUrvaNakriyAke kAraNa dhUH zabda banA isa tathyakA spaSTIkaraNa uvvaTa bhI karate haiN|" RgvedameM dhU dhAtu hiMsArthaka hai| dhUH gAr3Ike dhUrekA vAcaka hai| dhUrva dhAtuse isakA nirvacana mAnane para artha hogA kaSTa dene vAlI vAhikA / nirukta me bhI isI prakArakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| 3. "dhAnyamasi dhinuhi devAnprANAyatvodAnAya tvA vyAnAya tvA dIrghAmanuprasitimAyuSedhAM devo vaH savitA hiraNyapANiH pratigRbhNAtvacchidreNa pANinA cakSuse tvA mahInAM payosi / isa maMtrameM dhAnya zabda draSTavya haiN| dhinuhi kriyA padake dvArA dhAnyakI niruktikA saMketa prApta hotA hai| dhinva prINane dhAtuse dhAnyakA nirvacana karanA yahAM abhISTa hai / kRSNa yajurvedameM bhI dhAnya zabdakA nirvacana isI dhAtu se kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi RgvedameM dhAraNArthaka dhA dhAtuse isakA nirvacana mAnA gayA hai| yaha nirvacana parokSa vRtyAzrita haiM yAska isake samAnAntara zabda dhAnA ko dhA dhAtuse hI niSpanna mAnate haiN|" (4) "adityai rAsnAsi viSNorveSyo'syUrje tvA'dabdhena tvaackssussaavpshyaami| agnerjihvAsi suhUrdevebhyo dhAmne dhAmne me bhava yajuSe yajuSe / / isa mantrameM viSNu zabdakI nirukti prApta hotI hai| viSalu vyAptau dhAtuse viSNu zabdakI vyutpatti yahAMkI gayI hai / viSNoH veSyo'si meM veSyaH spaSTahI viS dhAtuse niSpanna hai jo viSNoH zabdaHse sambandhita hai | yahAM viS dhAtuse viSNuH pratyakSavRtyAzrita hai| yAskabhI viSNu zabdako viSla vyAptaudhAtuse niSpanna mAnate hai| yadyapi yAskane isake do aura nirvacana prastuta kie haiM jisameM kramazaH viz pravezane tathA vi+az vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| (5) 'gandharvastvA vizvAbasuH paridadhAtu vizvasyAriSTaye yajamAnasya paridhirasyagniriDa IDitaH / indrasya vAhurasi dakSiNo vizvasyA riSTaye yajamAnasya paridhirasyagniriDeIDitaH mitrAvaruNau tvottarataH paridhattAM dhruveNadharmaNA vizvasyAriSTayai yajamAnasya 17: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ paridhirasyaS gniriDaIDitaH / / "40 isa maMtrameM iDa zabda IDita kta pratyayAnta zabdase spaSTa ho jAtA hai iD stutau dhAtuse iDa zabda kI vyutpati mAnI jAyagI / mahIdharane iDa kA artha agni mAnA hai jo ID stutau dhAtuse niSpanna hai|" RgvedameM bhI iDa agnikA hI vAcaka hai|42 yAskane bhI iDako ID stutau dhAtuse hI niSpanna mAnA hai / 13 yaha parokSa vRtyAzrita nirvacana hai / 6. devasavitaH prasuva yajJaM prasuva yajJapatiM bhagAya divyo gandharvaH ketapUH ketaM naH punAtu vAcaspatirvAcaM naH svadatu / / 44 isa maMtrameM ketapU: zabda kA nirvacana prApta hotA hai | keta+pUH pavane dhAtuke yogase ketapUH zabda niSpanna hotA hai| ketaM + punAtu zabdoMke prayoga ketapU: ke sambandhako spaSTa kara dete haiM / yaha nirvacana pratyakSa vRtyAzrita hai| ketuM upapadake sAtha pU pavane dhAtukA yoga isameM spaSTataH dRSTigata hai / yajurveda Rgvedake bahuta sAre maMtra paThita haiN| jinameM maMtrastha zabdoMke nirvacana donoMmeM prApta haiN| yajurvedakI zAkhA kRSNa yajurveda brAhmaNa saMkula hai| pariNAmataH mantroMmeM vyAkhyAta zabda to donoM zAkhAoMmeM prAyaH eka haiM / kRSNa yajurvedake mantroMkI vyAkhyA bhAgameM bhI kucha zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiN| ina nirvacanoMmeM bhAratIya nirvacana siddhAMtakA anukaraNa huA hai| svara lopa, vyaMjana lopa, hrasvIkaraNa dIrghIkaraNa, alpaprANIkaraNa, mahAprANIkaraNa Adi vaniparivartanake siddhAMta ina nirvacanoMmeM bhI dRzya hote haiN| kRSNa yajurvedake nirvacanakA kiMcit paridarzana apekSita hai : 6 1. "so'rodIt yadarodIt tadrusya rUdratvam 45 yahAM arodIt kriyAkA sambandha rUdrase spaSTa pratilakSita hai arodIt kriyAmeM rUd azruvimocane dhAtukA yoga hai| rUdra meM bhI rUd dhAtukA yoga hai / yahAM rUdratvakA kAraNa bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| yaha pratyakSa vRtyAzrita nirvacana haiM kRSNa yajurveda kI anya zAkhAoMmeM bhI rUdrakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai / " yAska bhI rUdrake isa nirvacanase sahamata haiN| 7 2. "yadaprathata tatpRthivI *48 yahAM pRthivI vyAkhyAta hai| pRthivI zabdameM prath vistAre dhAtukA yoga hai / 18 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| yAska bhI prathadhAtuse hI pRthivIkA nirvacana mAnate haiM / yaha parokSa vRtyAzrita hai| 3. "yajjAtaH pazUnavindata tajjAtavedaso jAtavedastvam / *50 yahAM jAtavedaszabda kA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| jAtaH+avindat ke yogase jAtavedas meM jan tathA vidhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| niruktameM bhI uddharaNake rUpameM yaha prApta hotA hai| ina nirvacanoMke paridarzanase spaSTa hai ki yajurvedakI donoM zAkhAoM meM nirvacana prApta haiN| ina nirvacanoMmeM kucha pratyakSa vRtyAzrita haiM tatha kucha parokSavRtyAzrita / zabdoMkI aitihAsika prasiddhi kRSNa yajurvedake nirvacanoMke AdhAra haiN| sAma saMhitAmeM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa : sAmaveda gAna pradhAna saMhitA hai| yoM to vaidika saMhitAyeM sabhI geya haiM, lekina sAmake mantroM kI geyatA prasiddha hai| sAmavedameM Rgveda tathA yajurveda ke maMtra bhI paThita haiN| anya vedoMkI bhaoNti sAmavedameM bhI nirvacana prApta hote haiN| sAmavedake bahuta sAre nirvacana to Rgveda evaM yajurvedake nirvacanoMse milate julate haiM, kyoMki ve maMtra vahAM bhI paThita haiN| sAmavedake kucha nirvacanoM kA darzana apekSita hai: "yena devAH pavitreNAtmAnaM punate sadA 52 isa maMtrAMzameM pavitra zabda vyAkhyAta hai| punate kriyApadake prayogase pavitra saMjJApadakA sambandha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| pavitra zabdameM pUJ pavane dhAtukA yoga hai| punate kriyA isIdhAtuko saMketa karatI hai| yaha nirvacana pratyakSavRtyAzrita hai kyoMki isameM dhAtu evaM pratyaya spaSTa parilakSita haiN| dhAtu kA saMketa bhI sambaddha arthakIora unmukha hai| pavitra zabdakA nirvacana yajurvedameM bhI isI prakAra prApta hotA hai| niruktameM bhI isI prakArakA nirvacana hai| "viprAya gAthaM gAyata*55 isa maMtrAMzameM gAthaM zabdakA sambandha gAyata kriyAse spaSTa parilakSita hai| gAyata kriyAmeM gaidhAtukA yoga hai / gAthaM zabda bhI isI gaidhAtuse niSpanna hai| yaha nirvacana pratyakSavRtyAzrita hai| RgvedameM gAthA zabda gIta yA maMtrakA vAcaka hai| 19 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska 2.
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________________ "saMvartayati vartani sujAtA 57 isa maMtrAMzameM vartani zabda vyAkhyAta hai| sambartayati kriyApadake dvArA vartanim zabdakA sambandha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| vRt vartane dhAtuke yogase saMvartayati kriyA niSpanna hotI hai| vartanim zabdameM bhI vRt dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana pratyakSa vRtyAzrita hai| 4. "urorvarIyo varuNaste kRNotu 58 isa maMtrAMzameM varIya zabda vyAkhyAta hai| uru zabda vRhat yA mahAn kA vAcaka hai| niruktameM varatara yA zreSThatarako varIya mAnA gayA hai| uru evaM vara samAna arthameM pratipAdita hai| donoM zabdoMkA vRdhAtuse hI nirvacana sambhAvita hai| va kA u samprasAraNake dvArA huA hai| "uruH se Iyasun pratyaya ke dvArA varIyas yA varIyaH banAyA jA sakatA hai yaha nirvacana parokSavRtyAzrita hai| uparyukta nirvacanoMke paridarzanase spaSTa hai ki sAmaveda saMhitAmeM nirvacana anya saMhitAoMke anurUpa hI labhya haiN| isameM pratyakSa evaM parokSa do vRttiyoM para AdhArita nirvacana hai| dhvani parivartanakI vibhinna dizAeM nirvacana kramameM saMlakSita hotI haiN| atharva saMhitAmeM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa : atharva vedameM Rk, yajuH evaM sAmavedake bahutase maMtra paThita haiM jinameM prApta nirvacana sabhI vedoMmeM samAna haiN| atharvavedameM kucha svataMtra nirvacana bhI prApta haiM, jo anya vedoMmeM nahIM haiM / atharvavedake nirvacana darzanameM nimnalikhita maMtra draSTavya "yadadaH sampramatI rahAva nadatA ha te tasmAdA nadyo nAmastha tA vA nAmAni sindhavaH / / isa maMtrameM nadI zabda vyAkhyAta hai| nadatA zabdase nadIkA sambandha spaSTa prati lakSita hai| nadatA zabdameM nad avyakte dhAtukA yoga hai| nadI zabda bhI nad alAke dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hai| nadiyAM pravAhakAlameM AbAja karatI haiN| yAskane bhI nadI zabdako nad avyakta dhAtuke yogase hI niSpanna mAnA hai| yaha nirvacana pratyakSa vRtyAzrita hai tathA vikasita nirvacana prakriyA ko dyotita karatA hai| 20 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 2. "yatpreSitA varuNenAcchImaM samavalgata tadApnodindro vo yatIs, tasmAdApo anusstthn||2 isa maMtra meM ApaH zabda vyAkhyAta hai| Apa jalakA vAcaka hai| Apnot kriyApadakA sambandha ApaH se hai| prApta karane ke kAraNa Apa khlaayaa| indra ne use prApta kiyA / indraH Apnot se ApaHkA sambandha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| ataH ApaH zabda meM Apa prApaNe dhAtakA yoga hai| Apnota kriyA bhI Apa dhAtuse hI niSpanna hai| yAskane bhI Apa prApaNe dhAtuse hI ApaH zabdakA nirvacana mAnA hai| lekina RgvedameM ApaH zabdakA sambandha pI pAne dhAtu se tathA pinv dhAtuse mAnA gayA hai| atharvavedakA nirvacana Rgvedake nirvacanakI apekSA adhika tarkasaMgata evaM vaijJAnika hai| "egho'syedhiSIya samidasi samedhiSIya tejo'si tejomayi dhehi / / 65 isa maMtrameM samid zabda vyAkhyAta hai| samedhiSIya se samid kA sambandha spaSTa hai| AcArya sAyaNa samedhiSIya kI vyAkhyA do rUpoM meM karate haiM - sam +edh vRddhaudhAtuse tathA sam+indh dIptaudhAtuse / ataH samid zabda meM edhyA inc dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaayegaa| RgvedameM samidha zabda sam +indha dIptau dhAtu ke yoga se hI niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| yajurvedameM bhI isa zabda kA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| samid agnikA vAcaka hai| atharvaveda kA yaha nirvacana anya vedake nirvacanoMkI apekSA adhika vikasita mAnA jaayegaa| 4. kSudhAmAraM tRSNAmAramagotAmanapatyatAm apAmArga tvayA vayaM sarvaM tadapamRjmahe | 69 isa maMtrameM apAmArga zabda vyAkhyAta hai| apAmArga eka paudhA vizeSakA nAma hai, jisakA prayoga dhArmika kRtyoMmeM aniSTa nivAraNake lie kiyA jAtA hai| kRtyA tathA abhicAra karmameM isakA vizeSa prayoga hotA hai| apamRjmahe se apAmArgakA sambandha spaSTa hai| yahAM apa+mRj dhAtuse apAmArga kA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| apa+mRj se apAmArgameM upasargake antya svara kA dIrgha, dhAtustha upadhA kI vRddhi, samprasAraNa evaM j kA ga meM parivartana huA hai| yaha 29 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nirvacana vikasita nirvacanaM prakriyAkA pariNAma hai| 5. "ayaM devAnAmasuro virAjati vazA hi satyAvaruNasya rAjJaH / 10 yahAM rAjan zabda vyAkhyAta hai| virAjati kriyApadameM rAj dhAtukA yoga hai| rAjJaH zabda bhI rAj dhAtuke yogase hI niSpanna hai! rAj dhAtu dIptyarthaka na hokara aizvaryArthaka hai| RgvedameM bhI rAj dhAtuse hI rAjan zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| nirukta meM rAjAko rAjadIptau dhAtu se niSpanna mAnA hai|2 __uparyukta atharvavedIya nirvacanoMke paridarzanase spaSTa hotA hai ki ye nirvacana pUrvake nirvacanoMkI apekSA adhika vikasita prakriyAke pariNAma haiN| ina nirvacanoMmeM nirvacana siddhAMtakA paripAlana to dIkha par3atA hI hai dhvanyAtmaka parivartana bhI sambaddha prakriyAke anurUpa hai| arthAtmaka AdhArakI rakSA ina nirvacanoMkA mUlAdhAra hai / dhvanyAtmaka AdhArakI rakSAke bAda arthAtmaka anusaMdhAna para Adha rita nirvacana adhika vaijJAnika hote haiN| yAska ke niruktameM ina nirvacanoMke prabhAva bhI pratilakSita haiN| saMdarbha saMketa ___1. nAmAni AkhyAtajAni iti zAkaTAyano nairUktasamayazca -ni 114, 2. R0 119 19, 3. gIrbhirguNanto namasopasedima" - R05 814, gIrbhiNanti kAravaH R0 8 146 13, 4. R0 10 171111, 5. R0 111011 (gAyanti tvA gAyatriNo). 6. gAyatraM gAyateH stutikarmaNaH ni0 1 13, 7.-R0 11164 150, 8. ni0 3 14, 9. yajayAcayata vicchapraccharakSo naG - aSTA0 3 13 190, 10. R0 11142 12, 11. navyaM navyaM tantumA tanvate divi-R0 159 14 (2 13 16,8113 114, 922 16 Adi),12. R0 6 145 115,13. R06166 19,14. R08|1|17|15. R0 10/106 11,16. ni011|1, 17. R0111011, ni0 511, 18. ni0 5 11, 19.R0 1185 12, 11711,166 17,20.R01/1113,21. zUro maghA ca maMhate -R0911 110, evaM R0 4 117 18,6168 12,811130.22. R0 6 169 13, 23. R0 10 17816, 24. R0 411/14, 25. ni0 411, 26. R0 7167 17, 27. varNAgamo varNaviparyayazca dvau cAparau varNa vikAranAzau / dhAtostadarthAtizayena yogasta ducyate paMcavidhaM niruktama / / " nindu0 vR0111,28. zu0 yaMju0 113,29. ni0 5 12, 30. zu0 yaju0 118, 31. 'dhUrvaNa kriyAnimittaMhi te nAma' uvbaTa bhASya 22 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (dra0) zu0 yaju0 118,32.R0 6 175 19,33. ni0 3 19 34. zu0 yaju0 1 |20. 35. kA0 saM016, 36."vizvaM sa deva, prativAramagne, dhattedhAnyaM pratyate vasavyaiH" R0 6113 14, 37.dhAnA bhASTra hitA bhavanti / phale hitA bhavantItivA-ni0 5 112, 38. zu0 yaju0 1130, 39. atha yad viSitobhavati, tadviSNurbhavati, vizatervA, vyaznotervA ni0 12 12, 40. zu0 yajuH 2 13, 41. dra0 mahI0 bhASya-zu0 yaju0 2 13, 42. R03 14 13, 10/17 19.43. ni0 8|2. 44. zu0 yajuH 11 17, 45. tai0 saM0 115 11 11, 46. yatsamarujatadrudrasya rUdratvam - kA0 saM0 25 11, 47. ni0 1011, 48. kATha0 saM0 7 12, 49. ni0 114 (prathanAt pRthivItyAhuH), 50. maitrA0 saM0 118 12, 51. ni0 7 15, 52. sA0 ve0 5 12 1815,53. zu0 yajuH 113, 54. 'pavitraM punAteH ni0 5 12, 55. sA0 ve0 saM0 446, 56. R0 117 11.8 132 11, 8171114,57. sA0 saM0 451,58. sA0 saM0 1870, 59. ni0 8 12.60. atharva0 saM0,61. nadyaH kasmAt ? nadanA imA bhavanti zabdavatyaH ni0 2 17,62. atharva saM03 113 12,63. ApaHApnote. ni093,64. tvaM tyAMna indradeva citrAmiSamApo na pIpayaH parijman' - R0 1163 18, pinvantyapo marutaH sudAnavaH payo tavadvidatheSvAbhuvaH - R0 116416, tasmA ApaH saMyataH dIpayanti, tasminkSatramamavatveSamastu - R0 5 134 19.65. atharva saM074894, 66. dra0 sA0bhA0- atharva071894,67. R06115 17.68. edho'syedhiSImahi samidasi tejAsi tejomayi dhehisamAvavarti pRthivI samuSAH samusUryaH / samuvizvamidaM jgt| vaizvAnara jyotirbhUyAsaM vibhUnkAmAnvyaznavai bhUH svAhA / / 20 |23, 69. atharva0 411716,70.atharva0111011,71. vizvasya hi pracetasA varuNa mitrarAjathaH IzAnA pipyataM dhiyaH / / R0 5 17112,72.ni0 2 11 / (kha) brAhmaNa granthoM meM nirvacanoMkA svarUpa vedoMkI vyAkhyAkA samudAya brAhmaNa bhAga hai| pratyeka vedake alaga alaga brAhmaNa grantha haiN| prAyaH sabhI brAhmaNa granthoMmeM nirvacanakI upalabdhi hotI hai| vedArtha prakAzanake lie nirvacana uttama prakriyA hai / vedameM nirvacanake do prakAra dRzya haiN| pratyakSa vRtyAzrita evaM parokSa vRtyAzrita / brAhmaNa granthoMmeM atiparokSa vRtyAzrita nirvacana bhI upalabdha hote haiM / yadyapi atiparokSa vRtti TIkAkAroMkI kalpanA mAlUma par3atI hai kyoMki brAhmaNa granthoM meM jise parokSavRtti kahA gayA hai 23 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ use TIkAkAroM ke anusAra atiparokSa vRtti kahA gayA hai|' yAska ke nirUkta meM ina tInoM vRttiyoM ke darzana hote haiM / brAhmaNa granthoM ke nirvacanoM kA svarUpa darzana :1. "AJajanti etena iti Ajyam / ' yahAM Ajyam zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| A+adhAtuke yoga se Ajya zabdakA nirvacana spaSTa ho jAtA hai / yaha parokSavRtyAzrita nirvacana hai| 2. "yadabruvanmedaM prajApatereto duSaditi tanmAduSamabhavat / tanmAduSasya mAduSatvam / mAduSaM ha vai nAmaitad yanmAnuSaM san mAnuSamityAcakSate parokSeNa / isa uddharaNameM mAduSa zabda evaM mAduSase niSpanna mAnuSa zabda pratipAdita hai| mAduSatase mAnuSa banA - prajApatikA vIrya duSita na ho yaha mAduSat zabda hai mAduSa, yahI mAduSakA mAduSatva hai| punaH parokSarUpa meM mAduSa hI mAnuSa kahA gyaa| mAduSake da kA na meM parivartana huA ! mA-duSatase mAduSa pratyakSa vRtyAzrita hai tathA mAduSase mAnuSa parokSa vRtyAzrita / vastutaH mAduSat ko pratyakSavRttikA, mAduSako parokSa vRttikA tathA mAnuSako atiparokSavRttikA samajhanA caahie| 3. "sa vA eSo'gnireva yadagniSTomaH / taM yadustuvaMstasmAdagnistomaH tamagnistomaM santamagniSToma ityAcakSate parokSeNa / "4 yahAM agnistoma tathA agniSToma vivecita hai| stu dhAtuse stoma tathA agni-stomase agniSToma spaSTa hai, tathA vahI agni stoma agniSToma khlaayaa| isameM stu dhAtuse stoma pratyakSa vRtyAzrita hai tathA agnistomase agniSToma prokssvRtyaashrit| 4. "virAjati iti virATa" / ' yahAM virAT zabda pratipAdita hai| virAT zabdameM vi+rAjdhAtukA yoga hai| yaha pratyakSavRtyAzrita nirvacana hai| 5. "tajjAyA jAyA bhavati yadasyAM jAyate punaH AbhUtireSA bhUti/jametannidhIyate / / isa uddharaNameM jAyA zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai / jAyAkA jAyate 24 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kriyAse sambandha spaSTa pratilakSita hotA hai / jAyAzabda meM janprAdurbhAva dhAtukA yoga hai| pati hI jisameM putra rUpameM janma letA hai vahI jAyA hai|' yaha nirvacana pratyakSavRtyAzrita hai| 6. vRtro ha vA idaM sarvaM vRtvA zizye yadidamantareNa dyaavaapRthivii| sa yadidaM sarvaM vRtvA zizye, tasmAd vRtro nAma / yahAM vRtra zabda vyAkhyAta hai| vRtvAse vRtrakA sambandha mAnA gayA hai| yaha nirvacana karmAzrita hai| vRtranAma par3aneke kAraNako spaSTa karanA isa nirvacanakA uddezya hai| ise parokSa vRtyAzrita nirvacana mAnA jaayegaa| 7. "sa u eva makhaH sa viSNuH / tata indro mkhvaanbhvt| makhavAnhavaitaM madhavAnityAcakSate prokssm||" isameM madhavAn zabda vivecita hai / makha hI viSNu hai| phalataH indra makhavAn kahalAye / punaH makhavAnhI parokSa rUpameM madhavAn ho gyaa| yahA~ mahAprANavarNa kha kA mahAprANa dha meM parivartana pAyA jAtA hai| yaha nirvacana parokSavRtyAzrita hai| 8. "sa hovAca indho vai nAmaiSa yo'yandakSiNekSanpurUSaH taM vA etamindha santamindra ityAcakSate parokSeNaiva / / isa uddharaNameM indra zabdakA nirvacana huA hai| usane kahA indha nAma hI yaha hai jo dakSiNa AMkhameM purUSa hai, yahI indha bAdameM indra kahalAyA / indhase indra zabda parokSavRtyAzrita hai| yahAM alpaprANIkaraNa spaSTa hai| 9. "etA zakvarya etAbhirvA indro vRtramazakaddhantuM tadyAbhirvRtramazakaddhantuM tasmAcchakvaryaH / 11 yahAM zakvarI zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| ina zakvarI RcAoMse indra vRtrako mAranemeM samartha ho sake / ataH jinase vRtrako mAranemeM samartha ho sake usIse vaha zakvarI khlaayaa| isa zabdameM zaka zaktau dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| yaha bhI parokSa vRtyAzrita hai| niruktameM bhI isa nirvacanakA ullekha hai|12 10. "tenaa'sunaa'suraansRjt| tadasurANAmasuratvam isa nirvacanameM asun zabdase asurakA sambandha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| 25 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 11. "divA devatrA'bhavat / tdnudevaansRjt| taddevAnAM devatvam / "14 isa uddharaNameM deva zabda vyAkhyAta hai| devakA sambandha divAse jor3a kara isake arthako spaSTa karanekA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| deva zabda meM div dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaayegaa| 12. "amuM sa lokaM nakSate tannakSatrANAM nakSatram"15 yahAM nakSatra padakA nirvacana huA hai| nakSatase nakSatrakA sambandha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| niruktameM bhI nakSa gatikarmA dhAtuse nakSatrakA nirvacana mAnA gayA hai|" 13. gAyatrI gAyateH stutikarmaNaH gAyatomukhAdutpataditi ca ha brAhmaNam"17 yahAM gAyatrI zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| yaha stutyarthaka gaidhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki gAte hue (brahmA phe) mukhase nikala par3I yaha nirvacana pratyakSa vRtyAzrita hai| niruktameM bhI isI prakArakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| 14. jagati gatatamaM chando jajjagatirbhavati kSipragatirjajmalA kurkana sRjateti ha ca brAhmaNam / isa uddharaNameM jagatI zabda vyAkhyAta hai| jagatImeM gam dhAtukA yoga mAnA gayA hai| niruktameM bhI isI prakArakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| 15. "tad yatsamavadravanta tasmAt samudraucyate" atha vai samudro yo'yaM parvata etasmAdvai samudrAtsarve devAH sarvANi bhUtAni samudravanti / / ina uddharaNoMmeM samudra zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| samudra zabdameM sam + ut + dru gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| niruktameM bhI isI prakArakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| yaha nirvacana pratyakSa vRtyAzrita hai| uparyukta nirvacanoMke darzanase spaSTa hotA hai ki brAhmaNa granthoMmeM viSayAnurUpa nirvacana prApta hote haiN| brAhmaNa granthoM ke tIna pratipAdya viSaya haiM, adhibhUta, adhyAtma evaM adhidaiva / prAyaH brAhmaNa granthoM ke nirvacanoM kA jhukAva inhIM tInoM viSayoM kI ora hai| ina nirvacanoM meM karmakANDa Adi vividha viSayoM se sambaddha tattva evaM rUr3hiyAM pravala haiM / phalataH kucha nirvacanoM kA dhvanyAtmaka 26 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ AdhAra pUrNa saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ina nirvacanoMko pUrNa spaSTa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isakI apekSA saMhitAoM ke nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise adhika spaSTa haiM tathApi brAhmaNa granthakI niruktiyoM kI aitihAsikatA evaM vaijJAnikatA upekSaNIya nahIM / vaidika saMhitA kI apekSA brAhmaNa granthoMmeM nirvacanakA vikasita rUpa dRzya hotA hai| AcArya yAskane nirvacana prasaMgameM brAhmaNa granthake bahuta sAre sambaddha uddharaNoMko upasthiApita kiyA hai jo nirvacana siddhAntake anukUla haiM / sandarbha saMketa - 1. "trividhA hi zabda vyavasthA - pratyakSavRttayaH parokSa vRttayo'ti parokSavRttayazca' - ni0 du0 vR0 1 11, 2. ai0 brA0 1 12, 3. ai0 brA0 3 133, 4. ai0 brA0 3143, 5. ai0 brA0 1 16, 6. ai0 brA0 33 11 17, 7. "yad yasmAtkAraNAt asyAM garbhadhAriNyAmayaM pitAputrarUpeNa punarjAyate - ai0 brA0 sA0 bhA0, 8. za0 brA0 1 / 1 13 14, 9. za0 brA0 14 11 11 | 13, 10. za0 brA0 14 16 111 11, 11. kauSI0 brA0 23/2, 12. ni0 1/3 (zakvaryaH RcaH zaknoteH) 13. tai0 brA0 2131812, 14. taio brA0 2 13 1814, 15. tai0 brA0 5 12 15 16, 16. ni0 3 14, 17. dai0 brA03 12, 3, 18. ni0 7 13, 19. dai0 brA 3 117, 20. ni0 7 13, 21. go0 brA0 1 11 17, 22. za0 pa0 brA0 1 14 12 12 12, 23. ni0 2:13 1 (ga) AraNyakoM meM nirvacana kA svarUpa brAhmaNa granthoMkA vaha bhAga jo araNyapaThita hai tathA vAnaprasthiyoMke karmoMkA vidhAna karatA hai, AraNyakake nAmase abhihita hai / vAnaprasthiyoM ke lie yaha sarvAdhika upayogI hai kyoMki yaha unake sAre vaidika kRtyoMkA vivaraNa pratipAdana karatA hai| AraNyakoMmeM bhI nirvacana upalabdha hote haiN| padoMko spaSTa karaneke lie unakI nirukti dI gayI hai| ye niruktiyAM aitihAsika evaM vaijJAnika mahattva rakhatI haiN| kucha nirvacanoMkA digdarzana apekSita hai :"madhucchandati iti madhucchandA" : (1.) chandati se niSpanna madhucchandAmeM madhu upapada evaM chadirAvaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha pratyakSavRtyAzrita nirvacana hai tathA kArmika AdhAra rakhatA hai| madhucchandA eka RSi vizeSakA nAma hai / 27 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (2.) " azIryata iti zarIram "2 isameM zarIra zabdakA nirvacana huA hai| zarIra zabdameM zR hiMsAyAM dhAtu kA yoga hai jo azIryat kriyA padase spaSTa ho jAtA hai| yAska bhI zarIra zabdake nirvacanameM zR hiMsAyAM dhAtukA yoga mAnate haiN|' AraNyakakA yaha nirvacana vanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai / bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise saMgata mAnA jAyegA / (3.) "sa irAmayo yadirAmayastasmAddhiraNyamayaH / "utthApayati iti uktham"" / "chAdayati yena tat chadaH " / "atrAyata iti atri: ina uddharaNoMmeM hiraNmayaH, uktham, chadaH tathA atriH zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiN| hiraNyamaya zabdako irAmayase niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| uktham meM ut upasargapUrvaka sthA dhAtukA yoga hai chadaH zabda chadirAvaraNe dhAtuse niSpanna hai| atrimeM at yA ad + tri kA darzana hotA hai| yadyapi ina nirvacanoMmeM dhvanyAtmaka saMgati pUrNa upayukta nahI hai phira bhI ina sabakA bhASA vaijJAnika mahattva hai / (4.) devAnAM vAma: vAmadevaH / gRtsaH (prANaH) cAsau madaH (apAnaH ) gRtsamadaH / yahAM vAmadeva tathA gRtsamadake nirvacana prApta hote haiN| ina nirvacanoMmeM samAsakI prakriyAkA AzrayaNa hai| zabdoMke itihAsa anveSaNakA prAyaH sArthaka prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / (5.) "prajA vai vAjastA eSa vibharti bharadvAjaH / yahAM bharadvAja zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA haiN| isameM samAsakI prakriyA spaSTa hai| prajA hI vAja kahalAtI hai tathA prajAoMkA dhAraNa karane vAlA bhAradvAja / yahAM bhRdhAraNapoSaNayoH dhAtuke yogase niSpanna vibharti kriyAkA bhara- - bhR-bhAra pUrvapadastha haiM tathA uttara pada bAja prajAkA vAcaka hai / (6) "ebhyaH sarvebhyo bhUtebhyo'rcate iti Rk * 10 e isameM Rk zabdakA nirvacana huA hai| isa zabda meM pUjArthaka ac tukA yoga hai / yAska bhI Rk zabdako arc pUjAyAM dhAtuke yogase hI niSpanna mAnate hai / yaha nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika mahattvase yukta hai| RcAoM kI dhArmika mAnyatAkA spaSTIkaraNa isase ho jAtA hai| 2. : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (7) 'tapasyamAnAnbrahma svayaMbhavamyAnapatta Rssyo'mvn| tadRSINAmRSitvam" yahAM RSi zabdakA nirvacana prApta hai| svayaMbhU brahmAne tapasyA karate hue svayaM inheM dekhaa| isalie ye RSi kahalAye tathA yahI RSikA RSitva hai| RSi zabdameM RS darzane dhAtukA yoga spaSTa hai| niruktameM bhI RSi zabdako RSadhAtuse hI niSpanna mAnA hai|2 AraNyaka granthoMke uparyukta nirvacanoMse spaSTa hai ki ina graMthoMmeM bhI nirvacanakI prakriyA vaijJAnika rahI hai| aitihAsika evaM vividha arthAnusaMdhAna meM nirvacanagata dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya spaSTa hai| sandarbha saMketa 1- aioA01/113.2 - ai0A0 2 1114,3- ni02 15 (zarIraMzRNAteH) 4- ai0A0 2 1113,5 - ai0 A0 2 1114,6- aio A0 2 1116,7- ai0 Ao 2 12 11,8- ai0 A0 2 12 11,9- ai0 A0 2 12 12, 10- ai0 A0 2 12 12, 11 - tai0 Ao 219 13 -"tad yadenAMstapasyamAnAn brahma svayaMbhvabhyAnarSatta RSayoDabhavan tadRSINAmRSitvamiti vijJAyate / / (RSiH darzanAt) ni0 2 13 | (gha) upaniSadoM meM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa upaniSad brahmavodhaka zAstra hai| ise vedAnta bhI kahA gayA hai| pratyeka vedake alaga alaga upaniSad milate haiM / upaniSadoMmeM bhI nirvacana kI upalabdhi hotI hai| nirvacana zAstrakI paramparAmeM upaniSadoMke nirvacana kA paridarzana bhIAvazyaka hogaa| upaniSadoMse sambaddha nirvacanoMke kucha udAharaNa :1. (ka) te hocuH kvanu so'bhUdyo na itthamasaktetyayamAsye'nta ritiso'yAsya AMgiraso'GgAnAM hi rsH||' (kha) taM hAMgirA udgIthamupAsAM cakre etamuevAMgirasaM manyante aMgAnA rsH| ina aMzoMmeM aMgirasakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| donoMmeM aMgirasakoaMgoMkA rasa mAnA gayA hai| dvitIya uddharaNake anusAra aMgirasa prANa hai- aMgirA RSi :9 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ne prANake rUpameM hI udgIthakI upAsanA kI / ataH isa prANa ko hI aMgirasa mAnate haiM, kyoMki yaha sampUrNa aMgoMkA rasa hai / yaha nirvacana samAsAzrita hai| 2. "eSa eva u vRhaspatirvAgvai vRhatI tasyA eSa patistasmAdu vRhaspatiH / / yahAM vRhaspati zabda vyAkhyAta hai| isake anusAra vAkko vRhatI mAnA gayA hai tathA usakA yaha pati vRhaspati vRhatAM patiH vRhaspatiH | yaha nirvacana bhI samAsa para AdhArita hai| 3. eSa u eva brahmaNaspati vAgvai brahma tasya eSa patistasmAdu brahmaNaspatiH / / isa uddharaNameM brahmaNaspatiH zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| vAgko brahma kahate haiM arthAt brahma vAkkA vAcaka hai| tathA usa brahma (vAka) ke pati ko brahmaNaspati kahA jAtA hai| yaha nirvacanabhI samAsa para AdhArita hai| 4. "eSa u eva sAma vAgvaisAmaiSa sA cAmazceti tatsAmnaH sAmatvam / yahAM sAma zabdakA nirvacana huA hai| isake anusAra vAk hI sAma hai tathA yaha ama prANa hai| sA + ama sAma khlaayaa| yaha sAmakA sAmatva hai| yahAM pratipada nirvacana huA hai| ise artha nirvacana mAnA jaayegaa| 5. "eSa u vA udgItha prANo vA utprANena hIdaM sarvamuttabdhaM vAgeva gIthocca gIthAceti sa udgIthaH / yahAM udgIthakA nirvacana prApta hai- yaha hI udgItha hai| prANa hI ut hai, prANake dvArA hI yaha saba utabdha hai| vAk hI gItha hai, vaha ut hai aura gIthA bhI, isalie udgItha kahalAyA / ise bhI artha nirvacana mAnA jaayegaa| "tena taM ha vRhaspatirUdgIthamupAsAM cakra etamu eva vRhaspatiM manyante vAgdhi vRhatI tasyA eSa ptiH||' yahAM bhI vRhaspatikA nirvacana prApta hotA hai - vRhaspatine usa prANa ke rUpa meM udgIthakI upAsanA kii| loga isa prANako hI vRhaspati mAnate haiM, kyoMki vAkhI vRhatI hai aura yaha usakA pati hai| vRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM bhI 6. 30 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ isa padakI vyAkhyA huI haiN| yaha nirvacana samAsAzrita hai| 7. 'devA vai mRtyorvibhyatastrayIM vidyA prAvizaMste chandobhiracchAdayanyadebhiracchAdayaMstacchandasAM chandastvam / / " yahAM chanda zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| mRtyuse bhayabhIta devatAoM ne trayI vidyAmeM praveza kiyaa| unhoMne apaneko chandoMse AcchAdita kiyA / unhoMne jo unake dvArA apaneko AcchAdita kiyA vahI chandoMkA chandastva hai | spaSTa hai chandas zabdameM chaddhAtukA yoga hai| chaddhAtuse chandaH zabdakA nirvacana niruktameM bhI prApta hotA hai| upaniSadoMke ina nirvacanoMse spaSTa hotA hai ki arthAbhivyaktike lie yahAM nirvacana kie gae haiN| ina nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai / dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise ye nirvacana pUrNataH upayukta nahIM mAne jAyeMge / ina nirvacanoMmeM itihAsa prakaTa hai| ataH ina nirvacanoMkA aitihAsika mahattva hai| upaniSadoMke nirvacana prAyaH artha nirvacana haiM tathA bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise bhI mahattva rakhate haiN| sandarbha saMketa 1.vR0 u0113 18, 2. chA0 u01/2 |10. 3. vR0 u0113 20,4. vR0 u0 113 121,5. vR0 u0113 |22, 6. vR0 u0 113 121,7. chA0 u01/2 |11, 8. vR0 u0 113 |20,9. chA0 u0 1 14 12 | (Ga) vRhadevatAmeM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa : zaunakIya vRhadevatAkA vaidika sAhityameM bahuta mahattva hai| Rgvedake devatAoM evaM purAkathAoMkA sArAMza isameM ullikhita haiM / devatAjJAna ke lie yaha bar3A hI upAdeya hai| isameM bhI nirvacana upalabdha hote haiM / vRhadevatA ke kucha nirvacanoMkA paridarzana apekSita hai:1. vanaspati tu yaM prAhurayaM so'gnirvanaspatiH ayaM vanAnAM hi patiH pAtA pAlayatIti vA / / ' isa padyameM vanaspati zabda vyAkhyAta hai| vanaspati vanake patike rUpa meM agnikA eka rUpa hai| vaha vana kA rakSaka hai athavA pAlaka / vanaspati zabda samAsAzrita hai| patiko pA rakSaNe evaM pA pAlane dhAtuse niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| niruktameM bhI isI prakArakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai|' 31 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ "arodIdantarikSe yad vidyudRSTiM dadannRNAm cakSurbhirRSibhistena rUdra ityabhisaMstutaH / / yahAM rUdra vyAkhyAta hai| arodIt kriyA padakA sambandha rUdrase spaSTa parilakSita hai| arodItmeM rUddhAtukA yoga hai| rUdrameM bhI rUddhAtu hai| niruktameM rUdrake aneka nirvacana prApta hote haiM jinameM eka yaha bhI hai|' irA dRNAti yatkAle marUbhiH sahito'mbare ravena mahatA yuktastenendramRSayo'bruvan / / isa zlokameM indrakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| irA (jala ko) dRNAti se indra mAnA gayA hai| irA+dR vidAraNe dhAtukA yoga indra zabdameM spaSTa hai| isane gaMbhIragarjanake sAtha jalako prakaTa kiyaa| phalataH indra khlaaye| niruktameM indra ke kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM jinameM prathama nirvacana isase sAmya rakhatA hai| __ "yattu pracyAvayanneti ghoSeNa mahatA mRtam tena mRtyumimaMsantaM stauti mRtyuriti svayam / / isa zlokameM mRtyupada vyAkhyAta hai| mRtam cyAvayatise mRtyu mAnA gayA hai| isameM mRta+cyudhAtukA yoga hai / niruktameM yAska zatavalAkSya maudgalyakA mata nirdeza karate haiM jisake anusAra bhI mRtyu zabdameM mRta + cyu dhAtu kA yoga 5. viSNotervizatervA syAd veveSTeApti karmaNaH viSNurnirucyate sUryaH sarvaM sarvAntarazca yH||' isa zlokameM viSNuH pada vyAkhyAta hai| viSNupada meM viS vyAptau yA viz pravezane yA vyApti karmA vevizdhAtukA yoga hai| yahAM viSNu sUryake vAcaka haiM jo sarvatra vyApta haiN| niruktameM bhI isI prakAra viSNu zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| "sUryaH sarati bhUteSu suvIrayati tAni vA su IryatvAya yAtyeSu sarvakAryANi sNddht||1 isa zlokameM sUrya zabda vyAkhyAta hai| sUrya zabdameM - sRgatau dhAtu yA su 32 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ + IdhAtukA yoga haiN| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| dvitIya nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| niruktameM bhI sUrya zabda ko sR dhAtuse niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| 7. cArU dramati vA cAyaMzcAyanIyo dramatyuta cameH pUrvaM sametAni nirmimIte'tha candramA / / 13 isa zlokameM candramA zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai / candramAke nirvacana meM kaI kalpanAeM spaSTa haiM- cArU+dram dhAtu, cAya dhAtu+ dram dhAtu, cAyanIya + dram dhAtu Adi / niruktameM bhI isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM / 14 vRhaddevatAke uparyukta nirvacanoMse spaSTa hai ki ye vikasita nirvacana prakriyAke pariNAma haiN| isake nirvacana prAyaH nirukta para hI AdhArita haiN| ye nirvacana devatAoMke svarUpa evaM karmakA AdhAra rakhate haiN| kahIM kahIM dhvanyAtmakatAkA abhAva bhI pAyA jAtA hai| saMdarbha saMketa :1. vR0 de0 3 126, 2.ni 811, 3. vR0 de0 2 |34, 4. ni0 1011, 5.vR0 de0 2136, 6. ni0 1011,7. vR0 de0 2 160, 8. ni0 11 11, 9. vR0 de0 2 169, 10. athayadviSitobhavati tadviSNurbhavati / viSNurvizatervA vyaznotervA-ni0 12 12, 11. vR0 de07/12, 12. saratervA suvatervA-ni0 12 12, 13. vR0 de07/129,14. ni0 11111 (ca) purANameM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa purAnavaM bhavati'arthAt pahale vaha navIna hotA hai, isa nirvacanake anusAra purA+ (nava)- Na hI purANa hai| na kA Na Natva kA pariNAma hai| purANa bhAratIya AkhyAnoMkA vipula samUha haiN| sarga, pratisarga, vaMza, manvanvara evaM vaMzAnucaritoMkA AkhyAtA purANa hai| purANoMkI saMkhyA 18 hai| purANoMmeM bhI nirvacana prApta hote haiN| prAyaH kisI nAma vizeSake mUlAnveSaNa meM nirvacana diye gaye haiN| purANoMke kucha nirvacana draSTavya haiM Apo nArA iti proktA Apo vai narasUnavaH ayanaM tasya tAH pUrvaM tena nArAyaNaH smRtaH / / 33 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 2. isa zlokameM nArAyaNa saMjJApadakA nirvacana huA haiM narase utpanna hone ke kAraNa jala ko nAra kahate haiM vaha nArahI usakA prathama ayana arthAt nivAsa sthAna hai isalie viSNuko nArAyaNa kahate haiM / viSNukA samudrazayana prasiddha hai| nArAyaNasaMbaMdhI nirvacanakA yaha zloka agni purANa evaM manusmRtimeM bhI prApta hotA hai| brahmavaivarta purANameM bhI nArAyaNa zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| sArUpyamuktivacano nAreti ca vidurbudhAH yo devo'pyayanaM tasya sa ca nArAyaNasmRtaH / nArAzca kRtapApAzcA'pyayanaM gamanaM smRtam yato hi gamanaM teSAM so'yaM nArAyaNaH smRtaH / nArazca mokSaNaM puNyaM ayanaM jJAnamIpsitam tayorjJAnaM bhavedyasmAt so'yaM nArAyaNaH smRtaH / / va vai0 pu0 (halA0 387) maivaM bho rakSyatAmeSa yairuktaM rAkSasAstu te UcuH khAdAma ityanye ye te yakSAstu jakSaNAt / / ' isa zlokameM rAkSasa evaM yakSa zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiM inakI rakSA karo-aisA kahaneke kAraNa rakSa rakSaNe dhAtuse rAkSasa khlaaye| jina logoM ne kahA hama khAyeMge phalataH ye jakSaNa kriyAke kAraNa yakSa kahalAye / rAkSasa zabdameM rakS dhAtu evaM yakSa zabdameM jakS dhAtukA yoga mAnA gayA hai| jakS dhAtuse yakSameM dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai| "prANa pradAtA sa pRthuryasmAdbhUmerabhUtpitA tatastu pRthivI sNjnyaamvaapaakhildhaarinnii| isa zlokameM pRthivIkA vivecana prApta hotA hai / pRthu prANa dAna karane ke kAraNa bhUmike pitA hue / ataH sarvabhUtadhAriNIkI pRthivI saMjJA huii| yahAM pRthuse pRthivI saMjJAkA itihAsa spaSTa hotA hai / isa nirvacanameM arthAtmaka saMkIrNatA hai| pRthuke mahattva pratipAdanake lie sambhavataH aisI kalpanAkI gaI hai| niruktameM 'prathanAt pRthivIH kI prApti hotI hai|' 4. evaM prabhAvassa pRthuH putro venasya vIryavAn 34 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yajJe mahIpatiH pUrvA rAjAbhUjJjanaraJjanAt / / deg yahAM rAjA zabdakA nirvacana kiyA gayA hai / janaraJjanake kAraNa rAjA | kahalAtA hai rAjA zabdameM rAj dhAtukA yoga mAnA jAyegA / kAlidAsane bhI rAjA prakRti raJjanAt " kaha kara isakA samarthana kiyA hai| 5. tasyazApabhayAdabhItA dAkSiNyena ca dakSiNA proktA praNaya bhaMgAtirvedinI na jahau munim / / 2 isameM dakSiNA zabda dAkSiNyake kAraNa banA yaha nirukti hai / dakSiNA eka nAyikA bheda bhI hai / anya nAyakameM Asakta rahatI huI bhI jo apane pUrva nAyakako gaurava, bhaya, prema evaM sadbhAvake kAraNa nahIM chor3atI hai use dakSiNA samajhanA caahie| dAkSiNya guNake kAraNa hI use dakSiNA kahA jAtA hai| 12 6. 7. tasya zAkho vizAkhazca naigameyazca pRSThajAH apatyaM kRtikAnAM tu kArtikeya itismRtaH / / " yahAM spaSTa hai - kRtikAoMkA putra kArtikeya kahalAyA jo taddhitAnta hai| yasmAdviSTamidaM vizvaM tasya zaktyA mahAtmanaH tasmAtsa procyate viSNuH vizerdhAtoH pravezanAt / / 14 isameM viSNu pada vyAkhyAta hai / viz pravezane dhAtuke yogase viSNu zabda niSpanna huA hai / niruktameM bhI isakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai / 15 8. siMhikA cAbhavat kanyA vipracitteH parigrahaH rAhuprabhRtayastasyAM saiMhikeyAiti zrutAH / *16 isameM siMhikAse saiMhikeyakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| yaha taddhitAnta zabda hai| nirvAcanakA AdhAra bhI taddhita hai / 9. yasmin phalati zrIrgaurvA kAmadhenurjalaMmahI dRSTiramyAdikaM yasmAt phalgurtIrthaM na phalguvat / / 7 isa zloka meM phalgu zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai / phalgu zabdameM phala niSpatau dhAtukA yoga phalati kriyAse spaSTa ho jAtA hai / yadarodI surazreSTha sodvega iva 10. 35 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska bAlakaH
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________________ 18 tatastvAmabhidhAsyanti nAmnA rUdra iti prajA / / isameM rUdra zabda vyAkhyAta hai| rUd dhAtuse sambaddha arodI: kriyA kA sambandha rUdrase spaSTa ho jAtA hai / phalataH rUdra zabdameM bhI rUd dhAtukA yoga hai ! niruktameM bhI ruddhAtuse rUdra zabdakA nirvacana mAnA gayA hai / " vibhajya navadhAtmAnaM mAnavIM suratotsukAm rAmAM niramayan reme varSapUrNAn muhUrtavat / / 20 11. yahAM rAmA zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| reme kriyAse tathA niramayan padase rAmA zabdakA sambandha spaSTa hai| donoMmeM ram dhAtukA yoga hai| rAmA zabda bhI ram dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| rAmA strI vizeSakA vAcaka hai / niruktameM rAmA zUdrAkA vAcaka hai jo ramaNake lie hotI hai| 'rAmA ramaNAya upeyate' arthAt rAmA strI viSaya bhogake lie hI hotI hai| yahAM rAmA zabdameM ram dhAtukA yoga mAnA jAyegA - (ni0 12 / 2 ) 12. rA zabdo vizvavacano mazcApIzvaravAcakaH vizvAnAmIzvaro yo hi tena rAmaH prakIrtitaH / / ramate ramayA sArddhaM tena rAmaM vidurbudhAH rAmANAM ramaNasthAnaM rAmaM rAmavido viduH / / rAzceti lakSmIvacano mazcApIzvara vAcakaH lakSmIpati gatiM rAmaM pravadanti manISiNaH / / 21 ina zlokoMmeM rAma zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| prathama evaM tRtIya zlokameM akSarAtmaka nirvacana hai tathA dvitIyameM ram dhAtuse use niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| ram dhAtuse rAma mAnanemeM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka saMgati hai / purANoMke ina nirvacanoMse spaSTa hotA hai ki ye nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM / kucha akSarAtmaka nirvacanameM vaijJAnikatAkI kamI rahatI hai, lekina usase usakA itihAsa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| purANake nirvacanoMmeM dhArmika evaM kArmika AdhAra bhI apanAye gaye hai ye nirvacana yAska ke niruktase prabhAvita haiM / 36 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ sandarbha saMketa :1. ni0 3 14, 2. purANamAkhyAnam - (prasiddhi) 3. sargazca pratisargazca vaMzo manvantarANi ca / vaMzAnucaritaM caiva bhavato gaditaM mayA - vi0 pu0 6 18 2 4. ma dvayaM bhadvayaM caiva bratrayaM vacatuSTayam |anaaplliNg kUskAni purANAni pracakSate / / saM0 sAla kA iti0 gairolA -- pR0 297, 5. viSNu pu0 114 16, 6. a0 pu0 17 18 ma0 smRO 1 |10, 7. viSNu0 1 15 143, 8. viSNu pu0 1114 189 9. ni0 114, 10. vi0. pu0 1/14 193, 11. raghu0 4 112, 12. viSNu pu01115 122 (pR0 84 pAdaTippaNI bhI draSTavya), 13. vi0 pu0 1115 1116, 14. vio pu0 3 11 145, 15. ni0 12 12, 16. a0 pu0 19 16, 17. a0 pu0 115 127, 18. bhA0 pu0 3 112 |10, 19. ni. 10 11, 20. bhA0 pu0 3 123 144, 21. bra0 vai0 pu0 (halA0 pR0 566) / (cha) rAmAyaNameM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa rAmAyaNa Adi kAvya hai| vAlmIki Adi kavi haiN| laukika saMskRtameM bhI yatra-tatra nirvacana upalabdha hote haiM / rAmAyaNameM bhI kaI sthaloM para nirvacana hue haiN| rAmAyaNake nirvacana draSTavya haiM : vAlyAt prabhRti susnigdho lakSmaNo lakSmivardhanaH rAmasyalokarAmasya bhrAtuyeSThasya nityazaH / / sarvapriyakarastasya rAmasyApi zarIrataH / / isa zlokameM lakSmIvardhanaH lakSmaNaH evaM lokarAmasya rAmasyameM kramazaH lakSmaNa evaM rAmakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| yahAM zabdoMkIdhvanyAtmaka sArthakatAke lie prayAsa huA hai| 2. "sapatnA tu garastasyai datto garbhajighAMsayA saha tena gareNaiva saMjAtaH sagaro'bhavat / / 2 isa zlokase spaSTa hai ki sapatnIne garbhanaSTArtha use jo gara diyA thA, usake sAtha utpanna honeke kAraNa vaha sagara kahalAyA / ataH sagara zabdameM sa saha kA vAcaka evaM uttara pada gara hai| isameM aitihAsika AdhAra mAnA jaayegaa| agratastu yayau tasya rAghavasya mahAtmanaH sugrIvaH saMhatagrIvo lakSmaNazca mahAvalaH / / "3 37 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska 1.
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________________ 5 isa zlokameM sugrIva zabdakA nirvacana prApta hai| sugrIva zabdameM su saMhatakA vAcaka hai jo pUrva padastha hai tathA uttara padastha grIva zabda hai| isa nirvacanakA AdhAra AkRti hai| 4. prasIda laMkezvara rAkSasendra laMkA prasanno bhava sAdhu gaccha tvaM sveSu dAreSu ramasva nityaM rAmaH sabhAryo ramatAM vaneSu / / isa zlokameM rAma zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| ramatAM kriyA pada kA rAmake sAtha sambandha spaSTa hai| donoMmeM ram dhAtukA yoga hai| yahAM rAma zabdakA dhAtvartha evaM dhAtu spaSTa karanA pradhAna uddezya dIkha par3atA hai| "tataH sUrpanakhA dInA rAvaNaM lokarAvaNam amAtyamadhye saMkruddhA paruSaM vAkyamavravIt / / sugrIvaH sattvasampanno mahAvalaparAkramaH kiM mayA khalu vaktavyo rAvaNo lokarAvaNaH / / 6 ina zlokoMmeM rAvaNa zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| prathama zlokameM rAvaNaM lokarAvaNam tathA dvitIyameM rAvaNo lokarAvaNaH zabdoMke prayogase rAvaNa zabda spaSTa ho jAtA hai| samasta lokoMko rulAneke kAraNa rAvaNa kahA gyaa| rAvayatIti rAvaNaH / yaha nirvacana karmAzrita hai| 6. yasmAttu vizruto vedastvayehAdhyayato mama tasmAt sa vizravA nAma bhaviSyati na saMzayaH / / " isa zlokameM vizravA zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| vizrutaH evaM vizravAkA sambandha yahAM spaSTa pratilakSita hai| vizruta zabdameM vi + zrudhAtu kA yoga hai| vizravA zabdameM bhI vi+ zrudhAtukA yoga hai| "yasmAd vizravaso'patyaM sAdRzyAd vizravA iva tasmAd vaizravaNo nAma bhaviSyati na saMzayaH / / * yahAM vaizravaNa zabda kA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| vizravAkA putra vizravA ke hI samAna utpanna huaa| ataH vaizravaNa khlaayaa| yahAM vizravAkA apatya vaizravaNa tathA vizravAke sadRza vaizravaNa artha vivakSita hai| yaha nirvacanaM taddhita para AdhArita hai| isameM itihAsa evaM sAdRzya bhI AdhArake rUpa meM liyA gayA hai| 38 : vyattpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ina nirvacanoMke paridarzanase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki laukika saMskRtake AdikAvya rAmAyaNa meM bhI nirvacana hue haiN| ina nirvacanoMkA mUla uddezya artha spaSTa karanA rahA hai| tathApi arthAnveSaNameM sadRza dhAtukA yoga prAyaH sarvatra prApta hai| kucha tAddhita prayoga Adike dvArA bhI nirvacana hue haiM / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se yA bhAratIya-nirvacana prakriyAke anusAra ina nirvacanoMko pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki dhvanyAtmaka pakSakI upekSA dIkha par3atI hai| kucha nirvacana to dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise bhI saMgata haiM | ataH isake bhASA vaijJAnika mahattva upekSaNIya nhiiN| spaSTa hai purANameM prayukta ina saMjJA padoMke nirvacana vaidika sAhityameM prApta nahIM hote / yAskane bhI apane niruktameM ina zabdoMko vivecita nahIM kiyA hai| rAma, rAvaNa, sugrIva, vizravA Adi zabda kAlAntara ke pratIta hote haiN| sandarbha saMketa : 1. bA0 kA0 18|28-29, 2. bA0 kA0 70 37, 3. ki0 kA0 13 |3, 4. ara0 kA0 31139, 5. ara0 kA0 33|1, 6. yuddha kA0 20 121, 7. utta0 kA0 2 |31-32, 8. utta0 kA0 3 18 | (ja) mahAbhAratameM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa mahAbhArata saMskRtakA vipulakAya grantha hai| vizvakI kisI bhI bhASAmeM aisA vizAla grantha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| viSayoMkI vipulatA isakI apanI vizeSatA hai|' saMskRta sAhityakA to yaha upajIvya hI hai| aneka viSayoMkI upalabdhi to isameM hai hI, nirvacana bhI isameM prApta hote haiM / mahAbhAratake nirvacanoMkA paridarzana apekSita hai "yo vyasya vedAMzcaturastapasA bhagavAnRSiH loke vyAsatvamApede kArNAt kRSNatvameva ca / / 2 isa zlokameM vyAsa evaM kRSNa zabda vivecita hai| vyasyakA sambandha vyAsase dikhalAyA gayA hai| vi + as + aN dhAtuke yogase vyAsa zabda niSpanna hotA hai| vi + as dhAtukA yoga vyasya evaM vyAsa donoM zabdoMmeM prApta hotA hai| tapasyAse vedoM kA caturdhA vibhAjana karaneke kAraNa hI vyAsa kahalAye / isI prakAra kRSNa zabdake nirvacanameM kArNAt zabda saMketita hai| kRS dhAtuse nak pratyaya ke dvArA kRSNa zabda niSpanna hotA hai / kArNAt zabda meM bhI kRS dhAtu kA 39 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yoga hai| mahAbhAratameM anyatra kRSNakA akSarAtmaka nirvacana bhI prApta hotA hai| ___ "rAvayAmAsa lokAn yat tasmAt rAvaNa ucyate / yahAM rAvaNa zabdakA nirvacana prApta hai| lokAna rAvayAmAsameM rAvayAmAsa kA sambandha rAvaNase spaSTa ho jAtA hai jo dhvanyAtmaka sAmya rakhatA hai| donoM hI zabdoMmeM rU zabde yA gatireSaNayoH dhAtukA yoga hai| isa zabdakA saMketita nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| "jyeSTho rAmo'bhavatteSAM ramayAmAsa hi prjaa|"5 yahAM rAma zabdakA nirvacana prApta hai| ramayAmAsake ram dhAtuke dvArA rAma zabdako spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| ramayAmAsameM ramu krIr3AyAm dhAtukA yoga hai| rAma zabdameM bhI ram krIDAyAM dhAtukA yoga haiM vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI ram dhAtuse dhaJ pratyaya kara rAmaH zabda siddha hotA hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| tataH pradadhmau sa karaM prAdurAsIt tato balam etasmAt kAraNAd rAjan vizrutaH sa karandhamaH / / isa zlokameM karandhama zabdakI vyutpatti prApta hai| karaM evaM dadhmau ke yoga se karaMdhama zabda mAnA gayA hai| karaM+ dhmA zabdAgnisaMyogayoH dhAtuse karaMdhama zabdako vyutpanna mAnA gayA hai| isa zabdameM itihAsa antarnihita hai| karaMdhama kyoM nAma par3A isakA aitihAsika vivaraNa isameM spaSTa hai| pAlanAddhi patistvaM me bhartAsi bharaNAcca me|' yahAM pati evaM bharttA do zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiN| pati zabda pA pAlane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai jisakA saMketa pAlanAt zabdase kara diyA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI pAdhAtuse Dati pratyaya kara pati zabda niSpanna hotA hai| punaH bhartu-bhartA zabda bhRbharaNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai|bhRdhaatukaa saMketa spaSTa rUpameM bharaNAt zabdase kara diyA gayA hai| donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka AdhArase yukta haiN| mahAbhAratameM anyatra bhI pAlanArthaka pA dhAtuse pati tathA bharaNArthaka bhRdhAtuse bhartAke nirvacanakA saMketa prApta hotA hai| na kuryAM karma bIbhatsaM yudhyamAnaH kathaMcana tena devamanuSyeSu vIbhatsuriti vizrutaH / / ' 40 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ isa zlokameM vIbhatsuH zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA haiM vIbhatsa karma na karane vAle vIbhatsunAmase vizruta hue| vIbhatsa evaM vIbhatsu zabdameM badha cittavikAre dhAtukA yoga hai / vIbhatsu zabda vadh + san + u pratyaya se niSpanna hotA hai| yaha nirvacana karmAzrita hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai / yadyapi isameM prakRti pratyayako spaSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vIbhatsu saMjJApada hai| "mAM sa bhakSayate yasmAd bhakSayiSye tamapyaham etanmAMsasya mAMsatvam anuvuddhayasva bhArata / / 10 isa zlokameM mAMsa zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai, yaha akSarAtmaka nirvacana hai| mAMsa zabdake nirvacanameM mAM + sa kI kalpanAkI gaI hai jo saMgata nahIM hai| ise azuddha nirvacana mAnA jAyegA / mAtradhvanyAtmaka saMgatike lie isa prakArakI kalpanA kI gaI hai| viSNu zabdake nirvacanameM vRhattvAddhiSNurUcyate kaha kara viSNu zabdameM vRMha dhAtu kA yoga mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra nArAyaNa zabda ke nirvacana meM narANAmayanAccApi tato nArAyaNaH smRtaH2 kahA gayA hai| isake anusAra nara+ ayana pada khaNDa prApta hote haiN| nArAyaNa zabdakA nirvacana bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra bhI upayukta hai| ina nirvacanoMke paridarzanase spaSTa hai ki mahAbhAratameM bhI nirvacana hue haiN| mahAbhAratake nirvacana zabdoMke arthAtmaka pakSako adhika mahattva dete haiN| isake dvArA zabdoMke aitihAsika pakSakA bhI udghATana hotA hai| kahIM-kahIM nirvacana saMgata nahIM ho pAye haiN| kucha nirvacana to bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise saMgata haiM | kucha nirvacanoMmeM bhASA vaijJAnika pakSa upekSita hai| sandarbha saMketa :1.dharme hyarthe ca kAme ca mokSe ca bharatarSabha / yadihAsti tadanyatra yannehAsti na tat kvacit / / mhaa0| arthazAstramidaM proktaM dharmazAstramidaM mahat / kAmazAstramidaM proktaM vyaasenaamitbuddhinaa|| mahA0 AO parva0 2 |383 2. mahA0 11104 115, 3. kRSi vAcakaH zabdo Nazca nirvRtivAcakaH | kRSNastadbhAvayogAcca kRSNo bhavati sAtvataH / / 5 170 15 4. 3 |275 140, 5. 3 |277 16, 6, azva0 parva 4116,7. azva0 parva 90 152, 8. bhAryAyA bharaNAdbhartA pAlanAcca patiH smRtaH / 41 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ahaM tvAM bharaNaM kRtvA jAtyandhaH sasutaM tadA / nityakAlaM zrameNArtA na bhareyaM mahAtapaH / mahA0 1 |104128 9. zAO parva 90 115, 10. anu0 parva 116 125, 11. 5 170 13, 12.5 170 110 | (jha) saMskRta sAhityameM nirvacanoM kA svarUpa sAhitya sAmAjika citroMko prativimbata karanekA pradhAna sthala hai| zreyaH kAmanAse sAmAjika ghaTanAoMkA zabdAtmaka cArUtvake sAtha grathana hI sAhitya hai / saMskRta sAhityameM bhI mUlarUpeNa sAmAjika prativimba hI dRzya haiN| zabdoMke vinyAsameM yatra tatra zabdamUlako spaSTa karanekA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai pariNAmataH saMskRta sAhityameM bhI nirvacanoMkI upalabdhi hotI hai| saMskRta sAhityakA vizAla bhaMDAra hai / prakRta zodhakA uddezya saMskRta sAhityake nirvacanoMkA paridarzana karanA nahIM hai| ataH saMskRta sAhityameM nirvacanoMke svarUpa darzanake lie kAlidAsake granthoMse hI kucha uddharaNa upasthApita kie jAte haiM : - kSatAt kila trAyata ityudagraH kSatrasya zabdo bhuvaneSu rUDhaH rAjyena kiM tadviparItavRtteH prANairUpakrozamalImasairvA / / ' isa zlokameM kSatra zabdakA nirvacana huA hai| kSata evaM traiG dhAtuke yogase kSatra zabdakA nirvacana mAnA gayA hai| isa nirvacanake mAdhyamase kSatra meM guNIya arthakA vivecana huA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra bhI saMgata hai| kSatra zabdameM kSatra upapada tathA traiG pAlane dhAtu hai / yathA prahlAdanAccandraH pratApAttapano yathA tathaiva so'bhUdanvartho rAjA prakRtiraJjanAt / / isa zlokameM tIna zabda vivecita hue haiN| candra zabdameM cadirAhlAde dhAtu, tapana zabdameM tap dhAtu tathA rAjA zabdameM raJju dhAtukA saMketa hai arthAtmaka dRSTise to sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| tRtIya nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata nahIM hai| rAjA zabdako dIptyarthaka rAj dhAtuse niSpanna mAnanA dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase adhika upayukta hogA / niruktakAra yAska rAjA zabdako rAj dhAtuse hI vyutpanna mAnate haiN| rathenAnuddhAtastimita gatinA tIrNajaladhiH 42 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ purAsaptadvIpA jayati vasudhAmapratirathaH / ihAyaM satvAnAM prasabhadamanAt sarvadamanaH punaryAsyatyAkhyAM bharata iti lokasya bharaNAt / / . isa zlokameM sarvadamana evaM bharata zabdake nirvacana prApta hote haiN| sarvadamanameM sarva+ dam upazame dhAtukA yoga hai tathA bharata zabdameM bhR bharaNedhAtukA / jIvoMke prasabhadamanake kAraNa sarvadamana tathA lokake bharaNa karane ke kAraNa bharata vizruta huA / donoM hI nirvacanadhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase saMgata haiN| isI prakAra raghuvaMza mahAkAvyameM raghu kumAra saMbhava meM umA, gaurI zikhara'. aparNA Adi meghadUtammeM vizAlA', netA Adi zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiN| ina nirvacanoMse spaSTa hai ki ye nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika mahattva rakhate haiN| kucha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise apUrNa bhI haiN| ina nirvacanoMkA prayojana zabdagata arthake itihAsako spaSTa karanA hai| phalataH arthAtmaka rakSAke lie dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya bhI yatra tatra dRzya hote haiN| kAlidAsa ke atirikta anya kaviyoMne bhI apane kAvyoMmeM nirvacana prastuta kie haiN| saMskRta sAhitya ke nirvacanoMkA paridarzana sthAlIpulAka nyAyase hI yahAM samuddhRta huA hai| sandarbha saMketa :1. raghu0 2 153, 2. raghu0 4 112, 3. ni0 2 11, 4. abhi0 7133, 5.raghu0 3121, 6. raghu0 1126, 7. raghu 5 17, 8. raghu0 5 128, 9. raghu0 1110, 10. raghu 2161 nirvacanoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa nirvacanakI paramparA vaidika kAlase hI calI A rahI hai| saMhitAoMmeM bhI nirvacana prApta ho jAte haiN| kisI zabdake sAtha hI usakI kriyA yA usake vizeSaNa de die gae haiM jisake calate spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usa zabda meM amuka dhAtukA yoga saMbhava hai| yadyapi saMhitAoMmeM zabdoMkA nirvacana mUla uddezya nahIM rahA hai| mantra bhAgakI vyAkhyA hama brAhmaNa granthoMmeM pAte haiN| yaha karmakANDa pradhAna hai| mantroMke artha pratipAdanameM kisI zabdake utsako spaSTa karane meM kucha nirvacana prApta ho jAte haiN| AraNyaka evaM upaniSad kramazaH upAsanA evaM jJAna 43 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kANDa kahalAte haiM / ina granthoM meM bhI kucha nirvacana prApta ho jAte haiN| nirukta to nirvacana zAstra kA mUla grantha hI hai / vividha prAtizAkhyoM meM bhI yatra tatra nirvacanakI upalabdhi hotI hai| zaunaka racita vRhaddevatAmeM kucha zabdoMko spaSTa karaneke lie nirukti dI gayI hai| kauTilya arthazAstra meM bhI nirvacana prApta hote haiM / mahAmASya Adi granthoMmeM bhI nirvacana dekhane ko milate haiM / laukika saMskRtake rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANa tathA laukika saMskRta kAvyoM meM bhI yatra tatra nirvacanake darzana hote haiM / eka hI zabda vividha granthoMmeM vyAkhyAta haiN| yahAM kucha zabdoMke nirvacanoMkA parizIlana karanA abhISTa hai jo vividha granthoMmeM Aye haiN| zabdoM ke nirvacanakI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi isIse spaSTa ho jaayegii| hama dekhate haiM kucha zabda vaidika kAlase lekara Aja taka artha vivecanameM prayukta haiN| bahuta sAre zabda samAnArthI haiM lekina kucha zabdoM ke artha bhinna bhI ho gaye haiM / 2 taittirIya saMhitAmeM rUdra zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai 'so'rodIt / yadarodIttadrudrasya rUdratvam" yahAM arodIt kriyAkA sambandha rUdrase hai| arodIt kriyA rUd azru vimocane dhAtuse niSpanna hai| rUdrameM rUd dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha pratyakSa vRtyAzrita nirvacana hai / kAThaka saMhitAmeM kahA gayA hai 'yatsamarUdattadrudrasya rUdratvam " isake anusAra bhI rUdra zabdameM rUd dhAtu kA yoga hai / zatapatha brAhmaNake anusAra 'so'rodIttasya yAnyazrUNi prAskandaMstAnyasminmanyau pratyatiSThantsa evaM zatazIrSA rUdraH samabhavat / " isake anusAra bhI rUdra zabdameM rUd dhAtukA hI yoga spaSTa hai| niruktameM bhI rUdra zabdakA nirvacana rUd dhAtuse mAnA gayA hai|' niruktameM hI hAridrava kA mata ullikhita hai jisake anusAra bhI rUdra zabdameM rUd dhAtukA hI yoga hai| hAridravika maitrAyaNI saMhitA kA zAkhAbheda hai / ' niruktameM rUdra zabda vAyuke lie prayukta hai| zatruoM ko rulAna e ke kAraNa hI rUdra kahalAyA / pariNAma svarUpa rUdra zabda ziva ke eka vizeSa rUpakA bhI vAcaka hai / kAThaka saMhitA meM rUdrake rone ke kAraNa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki usa rUdrane prajApati brahmAko vANase vedha diyA tathA bAdameM zoka karatA huA ro pdd'aa| yahI usa rUdrakA rUdratva hai| ina nirvacanoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki rUdra zabda meM rUd dhAtu karma para AdhArita thaa| kAlAntarameM rUkA aitihAsika kAraNa bhI ho gayA jise kaI 44 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska - -
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________________ sthaloM para dikhalAyA gayA hai| rUdra zabdameM rUddhAtu kI puSTi vRhadevatAse bhI hotI hai| zrImadbhAgavata purANameM rUdra zabdakI vyAkhyA prApta hotI hai yadarodIH surazreSTha sodvega iva bAlaka: tatastvAmabhidhAsyanti nAmnA rUdraiti prajA / / 3/12/10 isa zloka ke anusAra bhI rUdra zabda meM rUd dhAtu kA saMketa prApta hotA hai| pRthivI zabdako spaSTa karaneke lie kAThaka saMhitAmeM kahA gayA hai ki 'yadaprathata tatpRthivI' yahAM pRthivI zabda meM prath vistAre dhAtukA yoga spaSTa hotA hai| phailI huI honeke kAraNa pRthivI khlaayii| isakA AdhAra dRzyAtmaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNameM kahA gayA hai -'tad bhUmirabhavat / tAmaprathayat / sA pRthivyabhavat / " yahAM 'tAmaprathayat' kaha kara prath vistAreko spaSTa kara diyA gayA / arthAt bhUmiko hI vistAra kara deneke kAraNa pRthivI ho gyii| niruktameM bhI pRthivIko prathanAt pRthivItyAhuH kahA gayA hai| pRthivIke prathanakA itihAsa bhI yahIM spaSTa hotA hai| viSNu purANameM pRthivI nAma par3aneke kAraNako spaSTa kiyA gayA hai prANapradAtA sa pRthuryasmAdbhUmeramUtpitA tatastu pRthivI sNjnyaamvaapaakhildhaarinnii|| - vi0 pu 1/14/89 isa zlokase spaSTa hai ki prANadAna karane vAle pRthu bhUmike pitA hue| ataH sarvabhUtadhAriNIkI pRthivI saMjJA huii| yahAMse pRthuse pRthivI saMjJAkA itihAsa spaSTa hai| pRthuke mahattvapratipAdanake lie saMbhavata: aisI kalpanA kI gaI hai| zakvarI eka chanda vizeSa hai| isake sambandhameM aitareya brAhmaNameM kahA gayA hai-"yadimAMllokAnprajApatiH sRSTvedaM sarvamazaknodyadimaMkiMca tacchakvaryo'bhavaMstacchakvarINAM zakvarItvam / ' zakvarI zabdameM zaka dhAtu kA prayoga yahAM spaSTa ho jAtA hai / azaknot kriyA pada ke dvArA zadhAtukA patA cala jAtA hai jisakI saMbhAvanA zakvarI zabda meM kI jAtI hai| nirukta meM bhI zak dhAtu se hI zakvarI ko niSpanna mAnA gayA hai-zakvarya RcaH zaknoteH / kauSItaki brAhmaNa meM bhI zakvarIke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai - 'etAH zakvarya etAbhirvA indro vRtramazakaddhantuM tadyAbhirvRtramazakaddhantuM tasmAcchakvaryaH" isake anusAra indra ina RcAoM se vRtra ko mAra sakane meM samartha hue| phalataH isakA 45 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nAma zakvarI par3a gayA | spaSTa hI zak dhAtukI ora yahAM bhI saMketa prApta hotA hai| paMkti eka chanda bheda hai| yaha eka vaidika chanda hai, jisameM pAMca pAda hote haiN| pratyeka pAda meM ATha, ATha akSara hote haiM / paMktike sambandhameM aitareya brAhmaNa meM kahA gayA hai-'paMcapadA paMktiH' arthAt pAMca pada vAlI paMkti hotI haiN| kauSItaki brAhmaNameM -'atha vai paMkteH pacaMpadAni'13 sAmavedake daivata brAhmaNa meM - 'paMktiH paMcinI paMcapadA-14 uparyukta sthaloMmeM paMca paMdase yuktako hI paMkti kahA gayA hai| gopathabrAhmaNa bhI paMktike paMca padatvako svIkAra karatA hai -'atha yA paMktiH paMcapadA niruktameM bhI - 'paMktiH paMcapado kahA gayA hai / paMkti zabdakA nirvacana sarvatra eka samAna hai jo AkRti para AdhArita hai| RgvedameM gAyatrI zabdake sambandhameM kahA gayA hai- 'RcAM tvaH poSamAste pupuSvAn gAyatraMtvo gAyati zakvarISu'" isa maMtrameM gAyatrazabdako spaSTa karaneke lie gAyati kriyA pada upasthApita hai| gAyati kriyAkA sambandha ukta gAyatrI saMjJA padase spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| Rgveda meM anyatra bhI gAyatrI zabda gAyati kriyA pada dvArA saMketita hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM stutyarthaka gai dhAtukA yoga hai| sAmaveda ke daivata brAhmaNameM kahA gayA hai - 'gAyatrI gAyateH stuti karmaNaH'' yahAM bhI gAyatrI zabdameM gaidhAtukA yoga hI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| niruktameM gAyatrI zabdako stutyarthaka gaidhAtuse hI niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| yahAM trigamana- (tri+ gam) ke kAraNa bhI gAyatrI mAnA gayA hai | gAyatrI chandameM tIna pada hote haiN| phalataH tri+gama ko viparIta kara bhI gAyatrI zabda banAyA gayA hai| daivata brAhmaNa meM hI prApta hotA hai ki gAte hue brahmAke mukhase vaha gira par3I phalataH gai+pat ke yogase gAyatra mAnA gyaa|" viSNu vaidika devatA haiM jo sarvavyApI haiM / viSNu zabdake sambandhameM yajurvedameM kahA gayA hai 'adityai rAsnAsi viSNorveSyo..22 isa mantrameM viSNu zabdakI nirukti prApta hai| yahAM viSNu ko viSlavyAptau dhAtuse niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| viS dhAtuse niSpanna viSNu zabda pratyakSa vRtyAzrita hai| viSNu zabdakI niruktiM vRhad devatAmeM bhI milatI hai 46 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ "viSNotervizate ; syAd veveSTe vyApti karmaNaH viSNurnirucyate sUryaH sarvaM sarvAntarazca yaH / / 23 isa zlokameM viSNupada vyAkhyAta hai| viSNu padameM viS vyAptI, viz pravezane yA vyApti karmA veviSa dhAtukA yoga hai| yahAM viSNu sUryakA vAcaka hai jo sarvatra vyApta hai| viSNu purANameM bhI viSNu zabdakI nirukti prApta hotI hai| "yasmAdviSTamidaM vizvaM tasya zaktyA mahAtmanaH tasmAtsa procyate viSNuH vizerdhAtoH pravezanAt / / *24 isa zlokake anusAra viSNu zabdameM viz pravezane dhAtukA yoga hai| vaha sampUrNa vizvameM praviSTa hai| niruktameM bhI viSNu zabdakA nirvacana prApta hai| isake anusAra viSNu zabda viz pravezane dhAtuse yA vi + az vyAptau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| vaha sarvatra praviSTa hotA hai yA sarvatra vyApta rahatA hai| mahAbhAratake anuzAsana parva meM - viSNu zabdake sambandhameM kahA gayA hai - "vRhattvAdviSNurUcyate' (5/70/3) isake anusAra viSNu zabdameM vRha dhAtu kA yoga mAnA jaayegaa| viSNu zabdake ina nirvacanoMke tulanAtmaka samIkSaNase patA calatA hai ki vedameM prayukta viSNu zabda viS vyAptaudhAtuse niSpanna hai| vRhadevatA, viSNu purANa evaM niruktameM viS dhAtuke atirikta viz pravezane dhAtukI bhI mAnyatA ho gayI hai| nirukta evaM vRhadevatAmeM sUryake lie viSNu zabdakA prayoga huA hai / vaha apanI kiraNoMse sarvatra vyApta hai yA sarvatra praviSTa hai| mahAbhArata meM vRha dhAtuse viSNu zabdako niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| vRtra eka asurakA vAcaka hai| isakI nirUkti vaidika kAlase hI prApta hotI hai| taitirIya saMhitAmeM vRtrake sambandhameM kahA gayA hai - 'sa imaoNllokAnavRNot yadimaoNllokAnavRNottavRtrasya vRtratvam" isake anusAra vRtra zabdameM vRAvaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| usane ina lokoMko AvRta kara diyA thA isalie vaha vRtra kahalAyA | zatapatha brAhmaNameM vRtrake saMbaMdhameM kahA gayA hai -vRtro ha vA idaM sarvaM vRtvA zizye yadidamantareNa dyAvApRthivI / sa yadidaM vRtvA zizye tasmAd vRtro nAma / 28 yahAM vRtvAse vRtrakA sambandha spaSTa hai / vRtra nAma par3ane kA kAraNa sabhIko AvRta kara lenA hai| yaha nirvacana karmAzrita hai| 47 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vRtra niruktameM zabdake sambandhameM kahA gayA hai - 'vRtro vRNotervA vartatervA vardhate rvA / " arthAt vRtra zabda vRJ AcchAdane dhAtuse, gatyarthaka vRt dhAtuse yA vRddhayarthaka vRdh dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| gatyarthaka vRt dhAtu nighaNTu paThita hai| vaha AkAzako AcchAdita rakhatA hai, vaha sarvatra gati karatA hai, vaha khUba vRddhiko prApta hotA hai| phalataH vaha vRtra kahalAtA hai| veda evaM brAhmaNoMke nirvacanameM vR AvaraNe dhAtuse hI vRtra zabda niSpanna mAnA gayA hai jabaki bAdake nirvacanoM meM kaI dhAtukI kalpanAkI gaI hai| lagatA hai ki yaha vividha karmoMkA pariNAma hai / 30 samudra jaladhikA vAcaka hai| samudrakA nirvacana zatapatha brAhmaNameM prApta hotA hai - 'ayaM vai samudro yo'yaM parvata etasmAdvaisamudrAtsarve devA sarvANi bhUtAni samuddravanti'deg isa uddhRtAMzake anusAra sam + ut + drugatau dhAtukA yoga hai| sAmavedake daivata brAhmaNameM samudrake saMbaMdhameM kahA gayA hai - 'yad yatsamavadravanta tasmAtsamudra ucyate / '' isake anusAra samudra zabdameM sam + ava + dru gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| sam kA ut meM Adeza mAnA jAyegA / nirukta meM bhI samudra zabdakA nirvacana huA hai - isake anusAra sam + ut + drudhAtu, sam + abhi + dru dhAtu, sam + mud dhAtu, sam + ud (jala) tathA sam + undIkledene dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha taraMgoMse UparakI ora uThatA hai| isameM jala saba orase ikaTThe hokara abhimukha hote haiM, isameM jalacara prasanna rahate haiM, yaha bahuta jalavAlA hotA hai yA yaha bhigotA rahatA hai 1 I ina nirvacanoMse spaSTa hai samudra zabdameM prAyaH jalake taraMgita honekA AdhAra pradhAna rUpameM mAnA gayA hai| niruktameM samudrake adhika nirvacana prApta hote haiM jo usake vividha pakSoMko udbhAsita karate haiM / - rAjan zabda adhipatikA vAcaka hai| isakA zAbdika artha hotA hai prakAzita hone vAlA / vedoMmeM varUNa Adi devoMke lie rAjA zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| RgvedameM rAj dhAtu se hI rAjan zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai / " atharvaveda meM kahA gayA hai - 'ayaM devAnAmasuro virAjati vazA hi satyA varUNasya rAjJaH yahAM virAjati kriyApadameM rAj dhAtukA yoga hai rAjJaH pada bhI rAj dhAtu ke rAjan zabda se hI niSpanna hai| yahAM rAj dhAtu dIptyarthaka na hokara aizvaryArthaka hai / nirukta meM rAjan zabdako rAj dIptau dhAtuse niSpanna mAnA gayA hai / 35 kAlidAsa ne raghuvaMza mahAkAvya meM 'rAjA prakRti raMjanAt' kaha kara rAjan 48 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabda meM raMj dhAtuko mAnA / viSNu purANameM bhI rAjA zabda meM raj dhAtukA yoga mAnA gayA hai-'rAjAbhUjjanaraMjanAt'"ka / rAjan zabdake uparyukta nirvacanoMke parizIlanase patA calatA hai ki rAjan zabdameM rAjdhAtu hI hai / dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise isameM rAj dhAtu mAnanA saMgata bhI hai| punaH rAjdhAtu vedameM aizvaryArthaka tathA vAdameM dIptyarthaka ho gayA hai| kAlidAsa evaM viSNu purANakA nirvacana rAjAke vyavahAra pakSako sparza karatA hai| sUrya vaidika dRzyamAna deva haiM / inheM sRSTikA niyAmaka bhI mAnA gayA hai| RgvedameM kahA gayA hai ki sUrya sthAvara evaM jaMgamakI AtmA haiM / " sUrya zabdakA nirvacana vRhaddevatAmeM prApta hotA hai| vahAM sR gatau dhAtuse tathA su+ IdhAtuse sUryako niSpanna mAnA gayA hai|38 prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai dvitIya nirvacanakA mAtra arthAtmaka mahattva hai / niruktameM sUrya zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| vahAM sR gatau dhAtu se yA su prasave dhAtuse sUrya zabdako niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| sRgatau dhAtuke anusAra sUryako pUrvase pazcima gati karate dekhA jAtA hai| yaha dRzyAtmaka AdhAra para AdhArita hai| punaH su prasavedhAtuse sUrya mAnane para kahA jA sakatA hai sUryahI sabhI karmokA utpAdaka hai| nakSatra zabdakA nirvacana taitirIya brAhmaNameM prApta hotA hai-amaMsa lokaM nakSate tannakSatrANAM nakSatram, yahAM nakSatra zabdameM na + kSata kA sambandha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| niruktameM nakSatra zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| isake anusAra nakSatra zabdameM gatyarthaka nakS dhAtukA yoga hai| nakSatra gati karate haiM / tai0 brA0ke nirvacanameM na+kSatra kA yoga hai jisake calate kahA jAyegA ki ve apane prakAzase prakAzita nahIM hote| vizvAmitra eka RSi haiN| vizvAmitra zabdakA nirvacana aitareya brAhmaNa meM prApta hotA hai| isake anusAra vizvakA mitra vizvAmitra kahalAtA hai| inake lie sabhI mitra hote haiN| niruktameM bhI vizvAmitrako sabhIkA mitra kahA gayA hai| pANinine bhI apanI aSTAdhyAyImeM vizvAmitra zabdakI siddhike lie "mitreca!' 43 sUtrako upanyasta kiyA / arthAt vizva + mitra vizvAmitra / yaha vidhAna mAtra RSi arthameM hI mAnya hai| anya arthoMmeM vizvamitra hI hogaa| brAhmaNa granthake nirvacanoM se lekara pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI taka vizvAmitra zabda kA 49 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nirvacana eka hI prakAra kA hai| dakSiNA zabda yajJake anta meM yAjJikoM ko die jAne vAledhana kA vAcaka hai| dakSiNA zabda kA nirvacana zatapatha brAhmaNa meM prApta hotA hai -sa eSa yajJo hato na ddksse| taM devA dakSiNAbhiradakSastadyadenaM dakSiNAbhiradakSayaMstasmAd dakSiNA nAma |ath samRddha eva yajJo bhavati tasmAt dakSiNA dadAti uparyukta aMza se patA calatA hai ki dakSiNA zabdameM samRddhi artha vAlA dakSa dhAtukA yoga hai| jisa yajJa meM dakSiNA nahIM dI jAtI vaha yajJa samRddha nahIM hotaa| nirukta meM bhI dakSiNA zabda samyak vRddhi vAlA dakSa dhAtuse hI niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| vaha dakSiNA nirdhanako samRddha banA detI hai| mahAbhASyameM bhI dakSiNA zabdako vRddhayarthaka dakS dhAtuse hI niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| uNAdisUtra se bhI spaSTa saMketa milatA hai ki dakSiNA zabdameM dakS dhAtu hI hai|" ina nirvacanoMse spaSTa hotA hai ki brAhmaNa kAlase bAda taka ke nirvacanoMmeM dakSa dhAtu hI mAnya hai jo samRddhikA vAcaka hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase ise upayukta bhI mAnA jaaygaa| __ akSara parimANako chanda kahA gayA hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM chanda zabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| isake anusAra mRtyu se bhayabhIta devatAoM ne trayI vidyAmeM praveza kiyaa| unhoMne apaneko chandoMse AcchAdita kiyaa| unhoMne joapaneko unake dvArA AcchAdita kiyA vahI chandoMkA chandastva hai| isase sSTa hotA hai ki chandas zabda meM chad dhAtukA yoga hai| vedArtha dIpikAmeM bhI chandako chad dhAtuse hI niSpanna mAnA gayA hai-'chandaH pApebhyazchAdanAt' niruktameM bhI kahA gayA hai ki chAdana karane se hI chanda khlaayaa|" uparyukta nirvacanoMse spaSTa hai ki chanda zabdameM sarvatra chadirAvaraNe dhAtukI hI sthiti mAnI gaI hai| vanaspati zabdakA nirvacana vRhaddevatAmeM prApta hotA hai| isake anusAra yaha vanake patike rUpameM agni kA eka rUpa hai| vaha vanakA rakSaka hai yA pAlakA pati zabdameM pA rakSaNe yA pA pAlane dhAtukA yoga mAnA gayA hai| yaha samAsAzrita nirvacana hai| niruktameM-'eSa hi vanAnAM pAtA vA pAlayitA vA kahA gayA hai| isake anusAra bhI vanaspati zabda meM vana+pati do pada khaNDa haiN| 50 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ mantradraSTA ko RSi kahA jAtA hai| taittirIya AraNyakameM RSi zabda kA nirvacana prApta hotA he| tapasyA karate hue svayaMbhU brahmAne inheM svayaM dekhA / phalataH ye RSi khlaaye| yahAM RSi zabdameM RSa darzane dhAtukA yoga mAnA gayA hai / 54 niruktameM bhI RSi zabdako RS darzane dhAtuse hI niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| AraNyakokta nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| RSiyoMne mantroM ko dekhA isa AdhAra para RS darzane dhAtu adhika saMgata mAnA jaayegaa| ___ brahmaNaspati zabdakA nirvacana vRhadAraNyakopaniSadmeM prApta hotA hai| isake anusAra vAk ko brahma kahate haiM / brahmarke patiko brahmaNaspati kahA jAyegA / vRhadadevatAmeM bhI isI prakArakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai / niruktake anusAra brahmaNaspatirbrahmaNaH pAtA vA pAlayitA vA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki brahmaNaH pati do pada khaNDa haiM tathA pAtA pA rakSaNe yA pAlayitA pA pAlane dhAtu ke yoga se niSpanna hai| pati zabda meM donoM artha sannihita haiN| pati zabdameM pA pAlane 6. tukA yoga mahAbhAratase bhI siddha hotA hai / pAlanAddhi patistvaM me / " vRhaspati zabda bhI isI prakAra niSpanna hotA hai / niruktameM bhI 'vRhaspativRhataH pAtA vA pAlayitA vA kahA gayA hai| vRhatAMpatiH vRhaspatiH / vRhat mahat kA vAcaka hai| vRhadAraNyakopaniSada meM vRhada vAka kA dyotaka hai| yaha zabda samAsa para Adha pArita hai tathA bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra bhI upayukta hai| nirvacanoMke aitihAsika parizIlanase spaSTa hotA hai ki vaidika nirvacanoMmeM saMhitA pratipAdita nirvacanoMkA prabhAva yAska para dekhA jAtA hai| yAskake samayameM nirvacanoMkA vikasita rUpa dekhane ko prApta hotA hai|lgtaa hai zabdoMke arthAtmaka vikAsake kAraNa aneka nirvacanoM kI vyavasthA yAskane kI hai| yahAM yaha bhI 6 yAna denekI bAta hai ki yAskake bAda ke nirvacanoM para avazya hI yAskakA prabhAva spaSTa hotA hai| mahAbhASya AdimeM prApta nirvacana to pUrNa rUpameM niruktase prabhAvita haiN| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata purANa AdimeM bhI nirvacana prApta hote haiN| ina granthoMmeM bahuta sAre saMjJApada aise haiM jinakA nirvacana niruktameM nahIM prApta hotaa| nakula, rAvaNa, sagaraNa sugrIva, rAma Adi saMjJApadoMkA nirvacana niruktameM nahIM hai| svAbhAvika hai, ye aitihAsika pAtra usa samaya nahIM the| yahI kAraNa hai ki rAmAyaNake samayase hI kucha nirvacana jo prApta hote haiM unameM aitihAsika AkhyAnakA adhika yoga hai| 51 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ sandarbha saMketa : 1. tai0 saM0 115 11 11, 2. kATha0 saM0 25 11, 3. zata0 brA0 9 11 11 16, 4. ni0 10 11 (ni0 du0 vR0 10/1), 5. vR0de0 2 134, 6. kATha0 saM0 8 12, 7. zata0 brA0 6 11 13 17, 8. ni0 114, 9. aita0 brA0 5 17 13, 10. ni0 1 13, 11. kauSI0 brA0 2312, 12. aita0 brA0 5 119 19, 13. kauSI0 11 12, 14. daiva0 brA0 3 113, 15. gopa0 brA0 1 13 110, 16. ni0 7 13, 17. R0 saM0 10 171 111, 18. R0 saM0 1 / 10 11, 19. daiva0 brA0 3 12, 20. ni0 1 13, 21. gAyatomukhAdutpatat- dai0 brA0 3 13, 22. zu0 yaju0 1.130, 23. vR0 de0 2 169, 24. vi0pu0 3 11 145, 25. ni0 12 12, 26. ni0 du0 vR0 1212, 27. taitti0 saM0 11 14 11212, 28. zata0 brA0 1 / 1 13 14, 29. ni0 2 15, 30. zataM0 vrA0 14 12 12 12, 31. daiva0 brA0 3 11 11 17, 32. ni0 2 13, 33.R0 5 17112, 34. atharva0 1110 11, 35. ni0 2 11, 36. raghu0 4 112,37. R0 1 |115 11, 37 (ka). viSNu pu0 1114 193, 98. vR0 de0 7 1128, 39. tai0 brA0 5 12 15 16, 40. ni0 3 14, 41. tadu vaizvAmitram / vizvasya ha vai mitraM vizvAmitra Asa / vizvaM hAsmai mitraM bhavati / ai0 brA0 29 14 118, 42. ni0 2 17, 43. aSTA0 6 13 1130, 44. zata0 brA0 2 12-12 12, 45. ni0 1 13, 46. mahA0 bhA0 5 / 1 / 2, 47. drudakSibhyAminan - uNA - 2 150, 48. sarvAnukramaNI 2 16, 49. chA0 u0 11412, 50: vedA0 dI0 111, 51. ni0 7 13, 52. vR0 de0 3 126, 53. ni08 11, 54. tai0 A0 2 19, 55. ni0 2 13, 56. vR0 30 1 13 121, 57. vR0 de0 2 140, 58. ni0 10 11, 59. mahA0 bhA0 azvame0 90 152, 60. vR0 u0 1 13 120, 61. nio 10 / 1, 62. kulenAsti samo rUpe yasyeti nakulaH smRtaH - mahA0 bhA0, 63. mahA0 vana0 275 140, 64. vA0 rA0 bAla0 70 137, 65. vA0 rA0 ki0 13 13, 66. vA0 rA0 bAla0 18129, mahA0 bhA0 vana0 277 16 1 tRtIya adhyAya (bhAratIya niruktakAra evaM unake nirvacana siddhAnta) (ka) niruktameM carcita niruktakAra prAcIna RSiyoM, kaviyoM, sAhityikoM evaM vividha grantha praNetAoMke sambandhameM samayAdi evaM sthAnAdikA samyak jJAna Aja hameM isalie upalabdha 52 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nahIM hotA, kyoMki ve loga apanA paricaya apane granthoMmeM nahIM de sake / nirukAroke saMbaMdhameM bhI yahI bAta hai| ve loga apanA paricaya apane niruktoM yA anya granthomeM nahIM de gaye haiN| jinake granthoMkA patA nahIM, kisI kAraNavaza naSTa ho gaye, unake sambandha meM to bAta hI chor3a dI jAya | jinake granthoMkI upalabdhi hai una granthoMmeM bhI unakA paricaya nahIM prApta hotA / isakA kAraNa lagatA hai ki ve * apanA paricaya kisI granthameM likhanA apanI yogyatAkA vijJApana karanA samajhate hoNge| phalataH ve loga apanA paricaya nahI de sake / vyaktikA bhAvanAtmaka parivartana samaya evaM paristhiti ke anusAra hotA rahatA hai| zAyada usa yugakI bhAvanA usI rUpa meM paripuSTa huI ho|aajke vyaktiyoMmeM usa bhAvanAkA ThIka viparIta rUpa pratilakSita hotA hai| cAhe unake granthakI uttamatA na bhI ho lekina paricayakA gaMbhIra ADambara unake granthoMmeM avazya hogaa| isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki granthakAra apanA paricaya deM hI nhiiN| paricayako paricaya kI sImAmeM vyApta honA cAhie, jo kisI bhI samaya niravacchinna upAdeya hogaa| granthakAroMkA paricaya kisI bhI granthake adhyayana kA anivArya aMga hai| __ vaidika RSiyoM dvArA boye gaye nirvacanake bIja brAhmaNa ganthoMmeM pallavita hue haiN| punaH ve hI niruktakArake samayameM paripuSTa evaM vikasita hue / nirvacanake vikasita rUpoMkA patA niruktake nirvacanoMse ho jAtA hai| punaH niruktameM carcita vibhinna niruktakAroMke siddhAnta aura bhI isa tathya ko pramANita kara dete haiN| una niruktakAroMke sambandha meM jAnakArIke lie Aja jo sAmagrI upalabdha hai, vaha hai niruktakAroMke siddhAntoMkA yatra tatra ullekha | una ullekhoMke AdhAra para hI unakA paricaya, kArya kSetra, samayAdi nirUpaNa kiye jA sakate haiN| inameM anumAnakA sahArA bhI liyA jA sakatA hai, jo pramANakA eka bheda hai jise asatya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| niruktakAroMke sthAnAdi nirUpaNameM unakI bhASA evaM siddhAntoMkA paryavekSaNa hI eka mAtra sAdhana hai| unase sambaddha anyatra prApta varNana bhI sahAyaka ho sakate haiN| nirUkta evaM nighaNTu zabdoMkI saMkhyA nizcita rUpameM abhI bhI nahIM prApta ho sakI hai| lagatA hai vedakI vibhinna zAkhAoMse sambaddha aneka nighaNTu evaM nirukta grantha hoNge| isa prakArakAAbhAsa kucha prApta nighaNTu evaM nirukta granthoMke adhyayana se milatA hai| sabhI nighaNTu evaM nirukta grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM haiN| 53 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vibhinna saMketoMke AdhAra para20 nighaNTu granthoMkA patA laga cukA hai| maikaDonela ke anusAra yAskake samayameM aise pAMca nighnnttuthe| maharSi yAskane apane niruktameM caudaha niruktakAroMke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai / niruktake TIkAkAra durgAcAryane bhI caudaha niruktakAroM kI carcA apanI vRttimeM kI hai' - 1.aupamanvayava, 2. audumbarAyaNa, 3. vArSyAyaNi, 4. gArgya, 5. zAkapUNi, 6.aurNavAbha, 7. gAlava, 8. taiTikI, 9. krauSTuki, 10. kAtthakya, 11. sthaulASTIvi, 12. AgrAyaNa, 13. carmazirA, 14. zatavalAkSya (kha) AcArya aupamanyava . __ aupamanyava zabda "upamanyorapatyamaupamanyavaH" ke anusAra aupamanyava upamanyu ke putra the| nAma zabda to rUr3ha mAnA jAtA hai, tathApi kucha nAma arthakI dRSTise guNAdi bodhaka hote haiN| upamanyu zabdakA zAbdika artha hai jisakA krodha samApta ho gayA hai| arthAt upamanyu jo pahale krodhI the tathA bAdameM unake krodha kI Atyantika nivRtti ho gyii| aupamanyava upamanyu gotrake agara hoMge to inakA sUtra kAtyAyana evaM inakI zAkhA maadhyndiniithii| ve yajurvedAdhyAyI the| nirukta meM inake siddhAntoMke uddhRta honeke kAraNa inake siddhAnta tathA samayAdi ke sambandha meM kucha jAnakArI prApta ho jAtI hai zaunakane bhI vRhaddevatA meM yAska ke sAtha aupamanyava kA nAma liyA hai| baudhAyana zrautasUtra meM gurU ke rUpa meM eka aupamanvayavI putra kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| yAska se aupamanvaya prAcIna hai, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM / yAska ke granthoMmeM inakA ullekha honA ukta tathya ko puSTa karatA hai| kisI ke siddhAnta kI mAnyatA atizIghra nahIM miltii| sAhityika prasiddhi dera se hotI hai | jaba aupamanyava ke sabhI mata yAska dvArA mAnya hI hote to yAska ko alaga nirukta zAstra likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| ve nirvacana ke lie pRthaka siddhAnta kI sthApanA nahIM karate / yAska dvArA ullikhita aupamanyava ke siddhAntase patA calatA hai ki yAska inake siddhAnta ke samarthaka theM jina jina sthaloM para aupamanyavake siddhAntoM kA varNana hai ve prAyaH yAska dvArA stutya haiM / kaI sthaloM para yAskakA abhimata aupamanyava ke abhimata se sAmya nahIM rakhatA hai| aupamanyavake siddhAnta yA grantha ko khyAti prApta karane meM lagabhaga 250 varSa lage hoMge |atH inakA samaya yAskase 250 varSa 54 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ pUrva yAni 1000 I0 pUrva ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai racanAe~ :- niruktameM ullikhita inake siddhAMntoMke anusAra inheM niruktakAra kahA jA sakatA hai| DA0 jI0 opa kI apanI grantha sUcImeM aupamanyava racita niruktakA ullekha hai / ataH inakA nirukta grantha bhI hogA hI / inake nirukta granthakI upalabdhi Aja nahIM hotI / yatra tatra inake nirvacana siddhAnta evaM prakAra upalabdha hote haiM / ina upalabdhiyoM ke AdhAra para patA calatA hai ki inhoMne apane nirukta granthameM nirvacanoM ko hI mUla rUpameM sthAna diyA hogA / yAska bhI nirvacanake avasara para hI inakA smaraNa karate haiN| niruktakAroMke sambandhameM eka sAmAnya raNA sI bana gayI hai ki ve nighaNTu kI racanA pahale karaneke bAda inake hI zabdoMkA nirvacana niruktameM karate the| isa AdhAra para aupamanyava bhI nighaNTuke racayitA rahe hoMge / nirvacana siddhAnta :- yAskane vibhinna sthaloM para aupamanyavakA nAma liyA hai / niruktake prArambhameM hI nighaNTu zabdake nirvacanameM inakA ullekha huA hai|".. ..te nigantava eva santo nigamanAt nighaNTava ucyante ityaupamanyavaH / ' arthAt nighaNTu zabda nigantuse hI banA hai| yaha nigamana honese nigantu hotA huA nighaNTu banA / isa zabdarme ni kA artha nizcaya hI tathA gantu kA artha mantrArthakA bodha karAne vAlA hai| yahAM ga ke sthAna para gha tathA ta ke sthAna para Ta varNa ho gayA hai| spaSTa hai ye mahAprANIkaraNa evaM mUrdhanyIkaraNa ke siddhAnta ko mAnate haiN| sAtha hI sAtha isa nirvacanase yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki ye nirvacanakI tIna vRttiyoMko svIkAra karate haiM, atiparokSavRtti, parokSavRtti tathA pratyakSavRtti / ukta nirvacanameM nighaNTu atiparokSavRtti hai, nigantu parokSavRtti hai tathA nigamayitR pratyakSa vRtti / aupamanyavakI nirvacana prakriyAse spaSTa hai ki nirvacanake kSetra meM inakA dRSTikoNa atyanta sUkSma hai / uparyukta tIna prakArakI vRttiyA~ke antargata sabhI zabdoMke nirvacana samAhita haiM / yAskabhI ina vRttiyA~ko svIkAra karate haiN| daNDa zabdake nirvacanameM aupamanyavakA vicAra hai ki damana karaneke kAraNa daNDa kahalAtA hai-- 'damanAdityaupamanvayaH " / isake anusAra isa zabdameM dam upazame dhAtukA yoga hai - dam - da - danta - daNDa / paruSe zabdake nirvacanameM - parvavatibhAsvati iti 'aupamanyavaH'' arthAt ye prakAza vAle haiN| paMcajanake kramameM inakA vicAra draSTavya hai-- catvAraH varNA niSAdaH paMcama iti" arthAt niSAdako 55 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ paMcama varNa mAnA gayA hai| brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra ina cAra vargoM ke atirikta eka paMcama varNa niSAda hai| pariNAmata: saboMke samudAyako paMcajana kahate haiN| RSi zabdake nirvacanameM inakA vicAra hai ki unhoMne stomoMkA darzana kiyA ata: R darzane dhAtuse RSi mAnA jaaygaa|3 kutsa zabdake nirvacanameM aupamanyava stomoMke kartA RSiko hI kutsa mAnate haiM-'kartAstomAnityaupamanyava : '14 / yajJa zabdake nirvacanameM aupamanyava kA mata hai ki yajJameM kRSNAjina bahuta vichAye jAte haiN| isalie ise yajJa kahate haiN| athavA ise yajuHmantra saphalatAko prApta karAte haiM. vahukRSNAjina ityaupamanyavaH / yajUMSyenaM nyntiitivaa| kANa zabdake saMbaMdhameM inakA vicAra hai-'kANo vikrAnta darzana:15 arthAt vikrAnta darzana vAlA kANa kahalAtA hai| yahAM avikrAnta darzana evaM vikrAnta darzana donoM hI vigraha saMbhAvita hai| vikrAntaM vigataM darzanaM locanaM yasya sa:-isake anusAra eka netra vAlA kANa kahalAtA hai| avikrAntamapagataM darzanamavalokanaM yasya saH isake anusAra apagata avalokana vAlA kANa khlaaegaa| kram +ghaJ-kAma: kaann:| vikaTa zabdake saMbaMdhameM-vikaTa: vikrAntagati: ityaupamanyava :36 vikrAnta gati honese vikaTa kahalAtA hai| indra zabdake saMbaMdhameM-'idaM darzanAdityaupamanyava : '16 isa indrane saba kucha dekhA hai ataH indra kahalAtA hai| 'indate vaishvrykrmnnH| indaJchatrUNAM dArayitA vA drAvayitA vA AdarayitA ca yjvnaam| aizvaryArthaka idi dhAtu se, inda pUrvapada tathA gatyarthaka cha yA vidAraNArthaka dR dhAtu uttarapada haiN| indra zatruoM ko vidAraNa karatA hai tathA yajanazIla logoM ko Adara karatA hai| kAka zabdake nirvacanameMkAko'pakAlayitavyo bhavati17 arthAt kAka nikAlane yogya hai| ni:sAraNArthaka kAla dhAtuse kAka zabdako niSpanna mAnA hai| ata: aupamanyavake nirvacana sambandhI siddhAntake viSayameM niSkarSata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki nirvacanakI tIna vRttiyAM inheM mAnya haiN| mahAprANIkaraNa evaM mUrdhanyIkaraNake siddhAMtako svIkAra karate haiN| kAkake nirvacanase spaSTa hai kiye AkhyAtaja siddhAnta ke pUrNa samarthaka haiN| inake nirvacanoMkA saMbaMdha yAjJika arthase adhika hai| yajJa vizeSajJa ke rUpameM bhI inheM mAnA jA sakatA hai| (ga) audumbarAyaNa udumbarasyApatyamaudumbaraH, audumbarasyApatyamaudumbarAyaNa :18 isa vigraha ke anusAra inake pitA kA hAra audumbara tathA inake pitAmahakA nAma udumbara thaa| yAskane inake 56 : vyutpatti vijJa- - - - ska
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________________ siddhAMtoMkA ullekha apane niruktameM kiyA hai. indriyanityaM vacanamaudumbarAyaNaH tatra catuSTvaM noppdyte|19 arthAt vacana indriya niyata hai| ataH nAmake cAra bheda nahIM ho skte| uccAraNa evaM zravaNAnantara varNoMkA vinAza ho jAtA hai| ataH jaba taka vaktA ke mukhameM varNa hai taba taka usakI sattA hai, lekina uccAraNake bAda hI usakA vinAza ho jAtA hai| phalataH usa vinAzI varNoMse niSpanna padake cAra bheda kaise ho sakate haiN| isa siddhAMtase patA calatA hai ki audumbarAyaNa nirukta darzanake praNetA evaM vivecaka the| zabdoMkA nityAnityatva vicAra dArzanika AdhAra rakhatA hai| zabdoMkI sattAkA sthAyitva kahAM taka hai, indriyoMkA padoMse kyA saMbaMdha haiM ityAdi viSayoM para vicAra koI zabdadarzanakA jJAtA hI kara sakatA hai| ye zabdako anitya mAnate haiM jabaki prAcIna kAla se hI zabda ko nitya mAnA gayA hai|20 lagatA hai ki audumbarAyaNake niruktameM vAk se saMbaMdhita vibhinna indriyoMkA varNana hogaa| inakA nirukta Aja upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yAskake dvArA inake siddhAntoMkA ullekha karanese yaha to nirvivAda hai ki ye yAskase pUrvavartI haiN| audumbarAyaNakA zabdAnityatva pakSa yAska se pUrva avazya hI prabala rahA hogaa| yAskane inake siddhAMtako svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| yAska zabdoMke nitya vAdako hI saMgata mAnate haiN| audumbarAyaNake siddhAntakI mAnyatA yAskase kAphI pUrva hogii| ata: yadi yAska se 100 varSa bhI pahale inakA samaya mAnA jAya to ye I.pU. 850 ke lagabhaga ke hoNge| racanAe~ :- inakI racanAoMke saMbaMdhameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki niruktakArake rUpa meM smRta honeke kAraNa inakA grantha nirukta avazya hogaa| sAtha hI isakA AdhAra grantha nighaNTu bhI inakI racanAoMmeM saMbhAvita hai| ye donoM hI grantha Aja anupalabdha haiN| nirvacana siddhAMta :- yAskake niruktameM inake siddhAMtakA eka bAra ullekha huA hai jisase unakI zabda viSayaka mAnyatA spaSTa hotI hai| jaisA ki pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ye zabda ko anitya mAnate haiN| jaise indriyAM anitya hai usI prakAra indriya niyata vacana bhI anitya hoNge| inakA nirvacana siddhAMta spaSTa nahIM hotaa| (gha) vArSyAyaNiH vArSyAyaNi zabdake vigraha karane para patA calatA hai ki ye vArSyAyaNake putra the tathA inake pitAmahakA nAma vArNya thA- vRSasyApatyaM vArghya : vArNyasyApatyaM vArSyAyaNa:, vArSyAyaNasyApatyaM vArSyAyaNi : yAskane bhAvavikAra vivecanake prasaMgameM inakematakA ullekha 57 : vyutagRtti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kiyA hai-'SaDbhAvavikArAH bhavantIti vArSyAyaNi 21 sAmAnya rUpa meM utpatti, sthiti evaM vinAza hI kisI bhI bhAvake prati vikAsake rUpameM mAnya the, parantu inhoMne chaha bhAva vikAroMkA pratipAdana kiyaa| jisa prakAra manuSyake zarIrakI mukhyatayA tIna avasthAeM hotI hai - (1) vAlyAvasthA, (2) yauvanAvasthA tathA (3) vRddhAvasthA / usI prakAra inhoMne (1) asti, (2) jAyate, (3) viparINamate, (4) vardhate, (5) apakSIyate tathA (6) vinazyati kI mAnyatA pradAna kI / 22 bhAvake saMbaMdhameM isa prakAra kI vivecanA karane vAlA koI dArzanika hI ho sakatA hai| bhAratIya dArzanikoMne sRSTi, sthiti evaM vinAza ke antargata saMsArakI sArI vastuoMko samAhita kara liyA hai| 23 vArSyAyaNi ina dArzanikoMse bhI sUkSma vicAra upanyasta kara bhAvake cha vikAroMkI svIkRti pradAna karate haiN| paMtajali bhI apane mahAbhASyameM inakA nAma bar3e Adarake sAtha lete haiN| 24 yAskake niruktase spaSTa hai ki yAskake samaya taka inake siddhAntoMkI mAnyatA mila cukI thii| usa samaya taka ye kAphI khyAti prApta kara cuke the| isa AdhAra para yAska evaM vArSyAyaNike antarAlakA samaya 100 varSakA avazya honA caahie| ataH inakA samaya 850 I. pU. ke lagabhaga hai| racanAe~ :- inakI racanAoMke sambandhameM nirukta evaM nighaNTukA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai jo anupalabdha haiN| ye vyAkaraNa darzana yA nirukta darzanake vivecaka haiN| ataH ukta viSaya para inake svataMtra granthoMkA bhI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| nirvacana siddhAnta :- niruktameM inakA siddhAnta bhAva vivecanake kramameM hI upanyasta hai| nirvacanake kramameM na to inakA koI siddhAnta hI vivecita huA hai yA na to qisI zabdakA nirvacana hI isake dvArA pratipAdita hai| ataH niruktake anusAra inake nirvacana siddhAMta spaSTa nahIM hote| (Ga) gArgya gargasyApatyaM gArgyaH isa vigrahake anusAra inake pitAkA nAma garga pratIta hotA hai| agara garga gotrakA mAnA jAya to ye yajurvedAdhyAyI, dhanurvedopavedI the| inakI zAkhA mAdhyandinI thI ye kAtyAyana sUtrake the| inakA varNana niruktake atirikta anya granthoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai| gArgyakI prasiddhi nairukta evaM vaiyAkaraNake rUpameM haiN| maharSi yAskane apane niruktameM inakA ullekha tIna sthaloM para kiyA hai- (1) zAkaTAyanane 'svatantra astitva vAle upasarga anarthaka haiM' 25 siddhAMtako mAnA / gArgyakA kahanA haiki svataMtra 58 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ rUpameM sthita upasarga bhI sArthaka haiM, arthaprakAzita karate haiN|26 niruktameM hI-nAma AkhyAtaja hai isa siddhAntake pratipAdaka zAkaTAyana evaM vibhinna nairuktoMke vipakSameM yAska gAryake matakA ullekha karate haiN| gArgya evaM kucha vaiyAkaraNa sabhI nAmako dhAtuse niSpanna nahIM maante|28 niruktakeM tRtIya adhyAyameM upamA vivecana prasaMgameM yAska gArgyake matakA ullekha karate haiN-athaat:upmaa| yadatattatsadRzamiti gArgya :29 arthAt "jo vastu vaha na ho aura usake samAna lagatI ho, use upamA kahate haiN|30 yaha gAryakA mata hai| nirukttake atirikta anya granthoMmeM bhI gArgyakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| gArgyakI jIvanI, samaya, racanAoM tathA siddhAntakI jAnakArIke lie una granthoMkA paryavekSaNa Avazyaka hai| sAmavedakA padapATha gArya dvArA viracita mAnA jAtA hai| yAskane mehanA padakA artha prathamata: zAkalyake tadanantara gAyeke padapAThake AdhAra para diyA hai|31 sAmavedake padapAThameM inhoMne upasargoMkA svataMtra sArthaka pradarzana kiyA hai| AcArya zAkalya sAmavedake usI pada pAThameM upasargokA usarUpameM pRthaka pradarzana nahIM krte| bRhaddevatAmeM yAska aura sthItarake sAtha gAryakA bhI mata uddhRta hai|32 Rk prAtizAkhyameM gArgyakA ullekha prApta hotA hai|33 AcArya pANinine bhI inakA ullekha apanI aSTAdhyAyImeM kiyA hai|34 suzrutake TIkAkAra DalhaNane inako dhanvantarikA ziSya mAnA hai tathA inakesAtha gAlavakA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai|35 uparyukta uddharaNoM evaM varNanoMse inake samayake saMbaMdhameM patA lagAyAjA sakatA hai| yudhiSThira mImAMsakane vaiyAkaraNa gArgya tathA niruktakAra gArgya donoMko ekahI mAnA hai evaM unakAsamaya 5500 I. pU. nirdhArita kiyA hai| Adhunika vicAraka isa samayako samyak nahIM maante|36 pANini evaM yAska dvArA inake matakA ullekha honeke kAraNa ina donoMse gArgya avazya prAcIna haiN| punaH dhanvantarike ziSyoMmeM gArgya evaM gAlavake ullekhake AdhAra para gAye yAskase lagabhaga 400 varSa prAcIna avazya lagate haiN| yAskakA samaya 750 I.pU. hai to inakA samaya 1150 I.pU. mAnAjA sakatA hai| ye zAkaTAyana tathA audumvarAyaNase bhI prAcIna haiN| racanAeM :- gAryakI racanAoMke saMbaMdhameM nimnalikhita saMbhAvanAeM upasthita haiM (1) nirukta- yAskadvArA gAyeke siddhAntoMke ullekha se patA calatA hai ki inakA svataMtra nirukta grantha hogA jo bhASA vaijJAnika tathyoMse yukta hogaa| 59 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (2) padapATha- sAmavedake padapAThake racayitAke saMbaMdha meM gAryakA hI nAma AtA hai| isa saMbaMdhameM niruktake TIkAkAra durgAcArya evaM skandha svAmIkA bhI yahI mata hai| vAjasaneyI prAtizAkhyake uvvaTa bhASyameM gArgyake padapATha viSayaka matakA ullekha milatA hai| 37 punaruktAni lupyante padAnItyAha zAkalaH alopa iti gArgyasya kaannvsyaarthvshaaditi|| arthAt gAryake anusAra padapAThameM punarukta padoMkA lopa nahIM hotA hai| (3) takSazAstra- Apastamba zulbasUtrameM uddhRta eka zlokake AdhAra para inake dvArA viracita takSazAstrakA bhI patA calatA hai| usake TIkAkAra karavindAdhipakA bhI yahI mata hai|38 (4) zAlAkya taMtra- suzrutake TIkAkAra DalhaNakA kahanA hai ki dhanvantarike ziSya gAyene zAlAkya tantrakI racanA kii| (5) alaMkAra lakSaNa grantha- niruktameM inake upamA lakSaNa39 uddhRta honese spaSTa hotA haiki unhoMne alaMkAroMpara koI lakSaNa granthya avazya likhA hogaa| nirvacana siddhAnta :- gArgya upasargoMkA svataMtra artha mAnate haiM40 tathA nAma evaM AkhyAtase pRthak bhI usakA astitva hai isakI svIkRti pradAna karate haiN| inakA kahanA haiki sabhI-nAma dhAtuja nahIM hote|41 uparyukta vivecanase spaSTa hai ki ye vahuzruta the| zabdazAstra , nirukta, Ayurveda, padapATha AdikI inheM pUrNa jAnakArI thii| sAmavedake padapAThakA nirmANa kara to ye niruktakAroMmeM agragaNya ho gaye, kyoMki niruktake sUtrapATha-yA nirvacana prakArakA sUtrapAta sAmAnya rUpameM padapAThase hI mAnA jAtA hai| (ca) zAkapUNiH AcArya zAkapUNi mUla rUpa meM niruktakAra haiN| yAska ne inakA smaraNa niruktakAra ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| nirukta ke kucha varNanoM se yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai-zAkapUNi: saMkalpayAMcakre-sadeivatA jaanaamiiti| tasmai devatobhayaliMgA praadurvbhuuv| tAM na yjnye| tAM pprcch| vividissaannitveti| sA asmai etAmacamAdi desh| eSA mddevteti|42 arthAt AcArya zAkapUNi ne saMkalpa kiyA maiM sabhI devatAoM ko jAnatA huuN| unake samakSa ubhaya liMga devatA prakaTa hue / usane usa devatA ko na jAnA / zAkapUNi ne usase pUchA- maiM tujhe jAnanA cAhatA huuN| usane use yaha RcA dI aura kahA ki yaha RcA maddevatA hai / arthAt isa RcA 60 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kA maiM devatA huuN| tuma isa RcA ke dvArA mujhe jAna skegaa| AcArya yAskane zAkapUNikA ullekha nimnalikhita sthaloM para kiyA hai. taDita zabda ke nirvacana meM vidyuta taDidbhavatIti shaakpuunniH| sa hyavatADayati dUrAcca dRzyate api tvidamantikanAmaivAbhipretaM syaat|43 arthAt taDita vidyuta hotI hai kyoMki vaha tADana karatI hai aura dUra se dikhalAyI detI hai| kintu yaha antika kA hI nAma abhiprAya se ho sakatA hai| mahAn zabdake nirvacana meM -mahAn kasmAt ? mAnenAnyAM jahAtIti shaakpuunniH| mahanIyo bhavatIti vaa|44 arthAt mAnase dUsaroMko chor3atA hai| yaha mahanIya yA pUjanIya hotA hai| Rtvik zabdake nirvacanameM RgyaSTA bhavatIti zAkapUNi :45 arthAt RcAoMse yajJa karAtA hai isalie Rtvik khlaayaa| zitAma zabdake nirvacanameM yoni zitAmeti zAkapUNiH vissitobhvti|46 arthAt zitAma yoni vAcaka hai kyoMki vaha viSita yA malase vyApta rahatI hai| yahAM viSit se zitAma mAnA gyaa| apsa zabdake nirvacanameM spaSTaM darzanAya iti shaakpuunniH|47 arthAt dekhaneke lie spaSTa hotA hai| accha zabdake nirvacana meM acchAbhe:Aptumiti shaakpuunniH|48 arthAt prApta karaneke lie aisA karate haiN| vaizvAnarake nirvacanameM- ayamevAgnirvaizvAnaraH iti zAkapUNi: arthAt yahI agni vaizvAnara hai| agnike saMbaMdhameM- ayamevAgnirdraviNodA iti zAkapUNi:/50 arthAt yaha agni hI draviNodA hai| idhma ke saMbaMdhameM- agniritizAkapUNi:51 arthAt idhma agnikA vAcaka hai| idaM viSNurvicakrame tredhA nidadhe pdm| samUDhamasya paaNsure| isa mantrakI vyAkhyAmeM yadidaM kiMca tadvikramate viSNuvidhA nidhatte padaM tredhA bhAvAya, pRthivyAmantarikSe divi iti shaakpuunniH|52 arthAt jo kuchabhI yaha jagat hai usapara viSNupanA vikrama dikhA rahA hai| ve tIna prakArase paira rakhe hue haiM, prathama pRthivI para, dvitIya antarikSameM aura tRtIya dyuloka meN| isI prakAra anya sthaloM parabhI niruktameM inake siddhAntoM kA ullekha huA hai| niruktakI prAcIna TIkA nirukta vArtikase jJAta hotA hai ki zAkapUNine apane nighaNTumeM zabdoMkA nizcita kramase prayojana batAyA hai|53 vRhaddevatAmeM bhI zAkapUNikA ullekha huA hai|54 yAska anya niruktakAroMkI apekSA inakA nAma adhika lete haiN| inake samayake saMbaMdhameM nizcita rUpase to kahA nahIM jA sakatA lekina uparyukta ullekhoMke anusAra lagatA hai ki ye 800 I.pU. ke haiN| racanAeM :nirukta- viSNu purANase spaSTa hotA hai ki inhoMne niruktakI rcnaakii|55 nirukta meM 61 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhI devatA viSayaka vivecanameM inakA adhikAMza nAmollekha huA hai| lagatA hai daivata kANDa para inakA svataMtra grantha hogaa| vAyupurANake anusAra zAkapUNine tIna saMhitAoMkA pravacana kiyaa|56 nighaNTu- skanda svAmIkA kathana hai ki inhoMne nighaNTu kI bhI racanA kii|57 nirvacana siddhAnta :- ye varNa vikArakI sthitiko nirvacanameM svIkAra karate haiN| sAthahI sAtha varNAgamako bhI mAnate haiN| Rtvij zabdameM Rg + yaj='ga' kA 't' varNa vikAra tathA va varNAgama hai| (cha) aurNavAbha aurNavAbhakA smaraNa niruktameM niruktakArake rUpameM kiyA gayA hai. inake saMbaMdhameM jo kuchabhI sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai unasaboMkA ullekha yAskake niruktameM hai| niruktameM aurNavAbhakA mata darzanIya hai. urvI zabdake nirvacanameM urvya UtirityaurNavAbhaH / 5. arthAt AcchAdanArthaka uMJ dhAtuse urvI banatA hai tathA AcchAdanArthaka vRJ dhaatuse| azvinI zabdake nirvacanameM-azverazvinAvityaurNavAbha:59 arthAt azvoMse azvi kahalAte haiN| tredhApadamke saMbaMdhameM inakA mata haiki-samArohaNe viSNupade gayazirasItyaurNavAbha:60 arthAt udayagiri para udaya hotA huA ye ekapada rakhate haiM ekapada antarikSa (madhyAhna) meM aura asta hote samaya astaMgiri para tRtIya pada rakhate haiN| Uparake antima ullekhase inake sthAnake sambandhameM anumAna kiyAjA sakatA hai| 'idaM viSNurvicakrame' kI vyAkhyAse patA calatA haiki ye gayAse pUrNa paricita avazya hoNge| gayA vihAra rAjyameM hai joeka dhArmika evaM aitihAsika nagarI hai| vAyu purANa91 ke varNanoMke anusAra yaha nagarI gayAsura rAkSasake zarIraM para avasthita hai| yahAMkA viSNupadamandira vizvabharameM apanA dhArmika astitva rakhatA hai. aurNavAbha dvArA pratipAdita ye tInoM sthala gayAmeM avasthita haiM sArohappa, gayazira evaM vissnnupd| samArohaNa gayAsthita kSetrIya tIrtha haiN| aisA lagatA hai aurNavAbha kA saMketa inhIM tInoM sthaloMkA hai| viSNupadameM bhagavAna viSNuke caraNa aMkita hai jinake darzanake lie sampUrNa vizvake loga Ate haiN| viSNupada viSNuke caraNakA hI vAcaka hai| gayAke prati vizeSa AkarSaNa inakA apane sthAnake prati AsaktikA kAraNa hai| ye nizcayahI yAskase pUrvavartI haiM lekina inakA samaya nizcita rUpa meM nahIM kahA jA sktaa| racanAeM :- niruktameM prApta nirvacanoMke AdhAra para kahAjA sakatA haiki inhoMne 62 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ niruktakI racanA avazyakI hogii| vRhad devatAmeM inake ullekhase inheM veda vyAkhyAnakartA kahA jA sakatA hai|62 nirvacana siddhAnta :- dhvaniparivartanameM samprasAraNakI mAnyatA inheM abhISTa thii| vR dhAtuse urvI isakA spaSTa nidarzana haiN| niruktakAra honeke calate nirvacanakA sAmAnya siddhAnta bhI inheM abhISTa hogaa| (ja) AcArya gAlava AcArya gAlava-kA smaraNa yAska-ne niruktakAra-ke rUpameM kiyA hai| aSTAdhyAyIse patA calatA haiki ye vaiyAkaraNa bhI the|93 niruktameM zitAma-zitimAMsa zabdake nirvacanameM inake siddhAntakA ullekha huA hai-'zitimAMsato medasta iti gAlava : '64 arthAt zitimAMsa zabdase zitAma banatA hai| zitimAMsa zabdakA artha hai zveta mAMsa yA med| gAlava zabdako agara taddhita pratyayAnta mAnA jAyato inake pitAkA nAma galava hogaa| mahAbhAratake zAntiparvameM pAMcAla vAbhravya gAlavako kramapATha aura zikSApAThakA pravaktA kahA gayA hai|65 yadi ve hI gAlava niruktakArabhI ho to ve pAMcAla dezake rahane vAle hoNge| vAbhravya unakA gotra hogaa| suzrutake TIkAkArane gAlavako dhanvantarikA ziSya kahA hai| 66 isake atirikta vRhadevatA,67 aitareya AraNyaka68 evaM vAyu purANa69 meM bhI inakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| pANinine bhI apanI aSTAdhyAyImeM inakA smaraNa kiyA hai|70 ata: spaSTa hai ki ye yAska evaM pANinise pUrva ke haiN| racanAeM :- vizva vikhyAta vaiyAkaraNa pANinine gAlavakA ullekha eka vaiyAkaraNa ke rUpa meM kiyA hai|70 phalataH inakA koI vyAkaraNa granthabhI rahA hogaa| vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ke pratipAdana krama meM hI pANinine apanI aSTAdhyAyImeM inakA ullekha kiyaa| ina siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para spaSTa hotA hai ki pANini ke pUrva gAlava kI vyAkaraNa viSayaka mAnyatA thii| gAlavake siddhAntoM ne pANini ko bhI prabhAvita kiyaa| suzruta kI TIkA meM inheM dhanvantarikA ziSya batalAyA gayA hai|71 inakA Ayurveda viSayaka koI grantha samprati upalabdha nahIM hotA tathApi itanA kahA jA sakatA haiki ye Ayurveda zAstra ke jJAtA the| krama pATha ke prarvataka ke rUpa meM inakA varNana prAtizAkhyoM meM milatA hai|72 vRhaddevatA 5 meM prApta varNanoM se patA calatA hai ki daivata kANDa para inakA nirvacana svataMtra rUpa meM huA hogaa| vRhaddevatA meM hI inheM purANakavi kahA gayA hai|73 vAyu purANa ke anusAra ye jyotiSI bhI the| ataH inake jyotiSa granthakI saMbhAvanA bhI kI jA sakatI hai| vAtsyAyana ke kAma sUtra meM bhI inakA ullekha prApta 63 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hotA hai| isa ullekhake anusAra patA calatA hai, ki inhoMne sAta adhyAyoMmeM kAma zAstrakA varNana kiyA hai| kAmazAstra viSayaka granthabhI inake avazya hoNge|74 vAyu purANameM prApta vivaraNase inake matakA patA calatA hai| inake matake anusAra merUkarNikA ke bar3hate AkAra zarAba ke aise haiN|75 isase patA calatA hai ki inhoMne bhUgola sambandhI siddhAntoMkA bhI saMgraha kiyA hai| nirvacana siddhAnta :- niruktameM prApta ullekhake anusAra inake nirvacana siddhAntake saMbaMdha meM aMtima rUpase kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| zitimAMsa zabdase inhoMne zitAma zabdako niSpanna maanaa|6 isase patA calatA haiki varNalopa Adi nirvacanake mAnya siddhAnta inheM abhipreta hai| vRhad devatAmeM nAmake AdhAra nirdhAraNameM inakA siddhAnta pratipAdita hai| inake siddhAnta ke anusAra nAmakaraNake nau AdhAra haiN|77 ina AdhAroMmeM kriyA yA AkhyAta bhI eka mukhya AdhAra hai| ataH isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki nAmake AkhyAtaja siddhAntake bhI ye samarthaka haiN| (jha) AcArya taiTiki: niruktameM inakA ullekha niruktakArake rUpameM huA hai yAska inake matoMkA ullekha do sthaloM para karate haiN| zitAma zabdake nirvacana-prasaMgameM-zyAmato yakRta iti taiTIki:78 arthAt zyAmase zitAma zabda banA hai| zyAma yakRtako kahate haiM kyoMki vaha zyAma varNakA hotA hai| puna: vIriTa zabdake nivarcanameM yAskake dvArA upasthApita kiyA gayA inakA mata-vIriTaM taittiikirntrikssmevaah| pUrva vayatestaramiratervayAMsIrantyasmin bhAMsivA79 arthAt taiTIkike anusAra vIriTakA artha antarikSa hotA hai| pUrvapada vI pakSIkA vAcaka hai tathA uttarapada irdhAtu gatyarthaka yA bhAsanArthaka hai| anya sthaloMmeM inakA ullekha niruktameM nahIM prApta hotaa| niruktake atirikta anya sthaloMmeM bhI inakA vizeSa ullekha nahIM prApta hotaa| itanA to nizcita hai ki ye yAskake pUrvavartI yA samakAlIna rahe hoNge| pUrvavartIkI saMbhAvanA adhika hai kyoMki kisI vyaktike siddhAntakI mAnyatA milane parahI viziSTa logoMke dvArA usakA ullekha hotA hai| racanAeM :- yAska inakA ullekha nirvacanake prasaMgameM karate haiN| ata: yAskake samaya inakA nirvacana zAstra pracalita hogaa| nirvacana siddhAnta :- zyai dhAtuse zyAma tathA zitAma mAnaneke calate lagatA ye dhAtuja siddhAntake samarthaka the| zyAmase zitAma mAnane meM rUpAtmaka AdhArakI upalabdhi 64 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hotI hai| phalataH nirvacanake siddhAntoMmeM rUpAtmaka AdhAra inake dvArA mAnya hogaa| vIrita se vIriTameM mUrdhanyIkaraNakA siddhAntabhI spaSTa hai ata: ye mUrdhanyIkaraNako bhI mAnate the| (Ja) AcArya krauSTuki: ___ AcArya krauSTukikA ullekha niruktake AThaveM adhyAyameM huA hai| draviNodA ke arthako spaSTa karate hue yAska kahate haiM-tatko draviNodA? indra iti kraussttukiH| arthAt yaha draviNodA kauna hai? isa praznameM krauSTukikA mata hai ki ye indra haiM-sa baladhanayordAtRtamastasya ca sarvAbalakRti:1 arthAt indra hI bala aura dhanakA sarvazreSTha dAtA hai tathA usa indrake hI sampUrNa balakA kArya yaha hai| niruktake atirikta vRhaddevatAmeM bhI inakA ullekha huA hai|83 inakai samayake saMbaMdha meM vizeSa jAnakArI to prApta nahIM hotI phira bhI yAskake dvArA ullikhita honeke calate nizcayahI inheM yAskase pUrvavartI mAnA jaaegaa| racanAeM :- yAskane apane niruktameM inheM niruktakArake rUpameM smaraNa kiyA hai| ataH nirvacana zAstra para inakI racanA avazya hogii| nivarcana siddhAnta :- niruktameM draviNodAke saMbaMdhameM inakA vicAra dekhaneko milatA hai isase spaSTa hotA hai ki ye nirvacanameM arthAtmaka AdhArako adhika mahatva dete haiN| isI nirvacanase spaSTa hotA hai ki ye itihAsavid bhI haiN| indrake itihAsakI jAnakArIke binA isa prakArakA artha karanA saMbhava nhiiN| devatAoMke saMbaMdhameM viziSTa jJAna sampanna honekI sUcanA bhI yahIM prAptaho jAtI hai| niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA haiki inakA nirvacana siddhAnta arthAtmaka evaM aitihAsika AdhArase yukta hogaa| (Ta) AcAryakAtyakya ____kAtthakya zabdase spaSTa hotA haiki ye AcArya katyakake putra the| niruktameM nimnalikhita sthaloM para inakA ullekha huA hai : idhmake saMbaMdha yajJaidhma iti kAtyakya:84 isake saMbaMdhameM durgAcArya apanI durgavRttimeM likhate haiM katyakasyaputraH kAtyakyaH AcAryaH evaM manyate yat yaHayam idhma AdhIyate pratipraNavamidhamo yajJe sa evAyam 5 arthAt katyakake putra AcArya kAtyakyakA kahanA hai ki yaha yajJeSma yajJakASTha hai| tanUnapAtke saMbaMdhameM tanUnapAdAjyamiti kAtyakya:5 arthAt tanUnapAt kA artha kAtyakyake anusAra Ajya hotA hai|nraashNske nirvacana meM narAzaMso yajJa iti kAtthakya:narA asminnaasiinaa:shNsnti|89 arthAt narAzaMsa yajJa 65: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hotA hai kyoMki isa yajJameM baiThe hue manuSya yajJa karate haiM yA stuti karate haiN| dvAra zabdake saMbaMdhameM-gRha-dvAra iti kAtyakya :87 arthAt isakA artha kAtyakyake anusAra gharake dvArase hai| vanaspatike saMbaMdhameM yUpanAma iti kAtthakya :88 arthAt yaha vanaspati yUpa yajJastambha hai| devayoSTrIke saMbaMdhameM - zasyaM ca samAceti kAtyakya:89 arthAt ye do devatA vrIhi Adi anna aura sambatsara haiN| ina sthaloMke atirikta inakA ullekha nahIM prApta hotaa| yAskake dvArA inake siddhAntoMke ullekhase spaSTa hai ki ye yAskake pUrvavartI haiN| racanAeM :- yAska dvArA upasthApita inake vicAroMse anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ye niruktakArake sAtha-sAtha devatAoM evaM yajJoMke svarUpa pratipAdaka the| ataH ina viSayoMse sambaddha inakA grantha rahA hogaa| samprati inake koI grantha upalabdha nahIM hote| nirvacana siddhAnta :- inake nirvacana siddhAnta yajJaparaka artha para Azrita haiN| niruktameM inake jitane bhI nirvacana prApta hote haiM sabhI yajJa paraka arthase yukta haiN| inake nirvacana jo nirukta meM upalabdha haiM nirvacana prakriyA tathA bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise apUrNa haiN| (Tha) AcArya sthaulASThIvi inake nAmako agara taddhitAnta mAnA jAyato isase spaSTa hotA hai ki ye sthUlASThIke putra the| yAskane inakA smaraNa agni evaM vAyuke nirvacana prasaMgameM kiyaahai| agni: aknopano bhaktIti sthaulASThIviH na !payati na snehayati arthAt agni asnehana hai| n+knu-agni| vAyu- vAyurvAtete vA syAdgatikarmaNaH eteriti sthaulASTIvi: anarthakovakAra:91 arthAt vAyu zabda gatyarthaka vA yA gatyarthaka vI dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| AyuhI vAyu hai| vAyumeM vakAra kA Agama nirarthaka hai| isa zabdameM Adi vyaMjanAgama mAnA jaaegaa| inake samayake saMbaMdhameM spaSTa rUpase kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA lekina yAska dvArA inake siddhAntoMke upasthApanase spaSTa haiki ye yAskake pUrvavartI haiN| racanAeM :-yAska ne nirvacanake prasaMgameM inakA smaraNa kiyA hai| isase lagatA hai ki inakA koI nirukta zAstra yA nirvacana zAstra nAmaka grantha hogaa| samprati inake koIbhI grantha prApta nahIM hote| nirvacana siddhAnta :- niruktameM prApta inake vivecanase spaSTa hotA hai ki nirvacanake varNAgama Adi siddhAnta inheM mAnya haiN| vAyu zabdake saMbaMdhameM prayukta sthauSThIvikA mata yAskako bhI mAnya hai| inake anusAra vAyu zabdameM va vyaMjanAgama haiN| 66 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (Da) AcArya AgrAyaNa AgrAyaNa zabdako taddhitAnta mAnane para AgrAyaNa AcAryako agra nAmaka RSikA gotrApatya mAnA jaaegaa| yAskane apane niruktameM kaI sthaloM para inake vicAroMko upanyasta kiyA hai| akSi- anakterityAgrAyaNa: 92 arthAt akSi zabda aJja vyaktau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki anya aMgoM kI apekSA ye AMkheM vyaktatara haiN| karNaRcchaterityAgrAyaNaH arthAt karNazabda gatyarthaka Rcch dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki AkAzameM vyakta zabda inheM prApta hote haiM / indra: iMdakaraNAdityAgrAyaNa : 93 arthAt isa indrane yaha saba kucha kiyA isalie idaM pUrvaka kR dhAtuse indra zabda niSpanna huaa| yAskane niruktameM inheM smaraNa kiyA hai| ataH isase spaSTa hotA haiki ye yAska ke pUrvavartI haiN| racanAeM :- nirvacanoMke prasaMgameM yAska inakA smaraNa karate haiM isase lagatA haiki nirukta grantha ke praNetA hoNge| samprati inakA koI grantha prApta nahIM hotA. 7 nirvacana siddhAnta : a dhAtuse akSi Rcch dhAtuse karNa tathA idaM+kR dhAtuse indra mAnane vAle AgrAyaNake nirvacana siddhAntake sambandhameM itanAhI kahA jA sakatA haiki inakA nirvacana siddhAnta dhvanyAtmaka AdhArako adhika mahattva nahIM detaa| inake nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattvase yukta haiN| (Dha) carmazirA carmazirAko yAskane niruktakArake rUpameM ullikhita kiyA hai| carmazirA zabdase patA calatA haiki ye AcArya camar3ekI TopI pahanate the| isase yaha bhI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ye zIta pradhAna dezake nivAsI hoNge| zItase bacAva ke lie jitanA upayukta camar3A hotA hai utanA vastrAdi nahIM / yAska vidhavA zabdake nirvacana meM inake matakA ullekha karate haiM- vidhAvanAdveti carmazirA94 arthAt idhara udhara bhAganeke kAraNa vidhavA kahalAtI hai- vi + dhAv dhAtu se / niruktameM mAtra inakA eka vAra hI ullekha huA hai| anya bhI inakA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA hai| yAska dvArA inake siddhAntoMke ullekha karanese patA calatA hai ki ye yAskase pUrvavartI hoNge| racanAeM :- inake koI grantha samprati upalabdha nahIM hote lekina yAskake niruktameM niruktakArake rUpameM smRta honese lagatA hai inakA koI nirukta nAmaka granthabhI hogaa| nirvacana siddhAnta :- vidhavA zabdake nirvacana prasaMga prApta inake vicArase patA calatA hai ki nirvacanake kramameM AkhyAtaja siddhAntako ve adhika mahattva dete the| 67 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (Na) zatavalAkSa zatavalAkSa zabda sAmAsika zabda hai| isake AdhAra para zatavalAni bahubalAni akSINi indriyANi yasya saH isase patA calatA hai ki inake aMga kAphI majabUta the tathA gaThe hue the| niruktameM hI zatavalAkSako maudgalya kahA gayA hai| maudgalya zabda taddhitAnta hai isase patA calatA hai ki ye mudgalake putra the| niruktaM mRtyu zabdake nirvacana prasaMgameM yAskane inake nAmakA smaraNa kiyA hai mRtyu:mRtaM cyAghayatIti vA zatalAkSomaudgalya :95 arthAt mRtako yaha isa lokase pracyuta kara detI hai yA lokAntarameM calA detI hai| inakA ullekha vRhaddevatA meM bhI huA hai|96 yAska dvArA ullikhita hone se spaSTa hai ki ye yAskake pUrvavartI haiN| __racanAeM :- inakI racanA ke saMbaMdhameM nizcita rUpase kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki samprati inakI koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| niruktameM hI niruktakAra ke rUpa meM smRta hone ke calate anumAna hotA hai ki inakA bhI nirukta nAmaka grantha hogaa| nirvacana siddhAnta :- niruktameM mAtra eka jagaha hI inake vicArakA ullekha huA hai isase inake nirvacana siddhAnta spaSTa nahIM hote| -:sandarbha saMketa: 1. pratyakSAnumAnopamAnazabdA:pramANAni-si.muktA. pratyakSa khaNDa 251 kA ., 2. athotAmidhAnaiH saMyujya hvishcodyti| indrAya vRtrana indrAya vRtrature indrAyAMhomucaitini. 7 / 3 (mai.saM. 3 / 15 / 11). 3. bhA.vi. pR. 529, 4. ni.du.vR. 1 / 4 / 2, 5. vR.de. 769, 6. bau.zrI.sU. 22 / 1 7. dra. (kAka zabda) ni. 3 / 4, 8. dra. kaiTalAg Apha saMskRta mainyUskripTsa-khaNDa-2 pR.510, 9. ni. 1 / 1, 10. ni. 211, 11. ni. 2 / 2, 12.ni. 3 / 2, 13. Rssirdrshnaat| stomAn dadarzetyaupamanyavaH ni. 2 / 3, 14. ni. 3 / 4, 15. ni. 66, 16. ni. 10 / 1, 17. ni. 3 / 4, 18. naDAdibhyo phak-aSTA. 4 / 1 / 99, 19. ni. 1 / 1, 20. tasmai nUnamadhidyave vAcAvirUpanityayA vRSNe codasva suSTitim 11 kra. 8756.21. ni. 11, 22. jAyate'stiviparINamate vardhate'pakSIyate vinazyatIti-ni: 111, 23. yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante yena jAtAni jIvanti yatprayantyabhisaMvizanti-tai. up.-2|1 janmAdyasya yt:-br.suu.1|12,dr.br.suu.shaa.bhaa.-1|1|2,24.m.bhaassy-1|3|1,25. naniIddhA upasargA arthAnnirAhuriti zAkaTAyanaHni. 1 / 1, 26. uccAvacAH padArthA 88 : zutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhavantIti gArgya: ni. 1 / 1,27. nAmAni AkhyAtajAmiiti zAkaTAyano nairuktasamayazcani. 1 / 1, 28. na sarvANIti gAryo vaiyAkaraNAnAM caike- ni. 1 / 1, 29. ni. 3 / 3, 30. dra.yatkiciMdarthajAtamatadbhavadapi tatsarUpaM bhvti| yathA-agniriva khdyotH| tadbhinnatvesati tadgata bhUyodharmavatvaM sadRzatvam-ni du. vR. 3 / 3, 31. vaDhacAnAM mehanA ityekaM padam, chandogAnAM trINyetAni padAni me iha naasti| tadubhayaM pazyatA bhASyakAreNomayoH shaaklygaayeyaaremipraayaavaaptaanuvihitau| ni.du.vR. 4 / 1, mehanA ekamiti zAkalyaH trINIti gArgyaH ska. TI. 41 (ni.). 32. caturya iti tatrAhuryAska gaarysthiitsH| AziSo'thArtha vairUpyAd vAcaH karmaNa eva c|| vR.de. 1 / 26, 33. vyADizAkalyagAA:- R prA. 13 / 31, 34. aDgArgya gAlavayoH aSTA. 7 / 3 / 99 oto gArgyasya-aSTA. 8 / 3 / 20 nodAttasvaritodayamagArgya kAzyapa gAlavAnAm-aSTA. : 8 / 4 / 67. 35. prabhRti grahaNAnnimikAMkAyaNagApU gAlavA:-ni. 1 / 3,36. vyA.zA. kA iti. bhAga-1, pR.147, 37. vAjasaneyI prAtizAkhya 4 / 177, 38. vedArthAvagamasya bahuvidyAntarAzrayatvAt takSazAstre gA-gastyA dibhirNgulisNkhyoktm| sthaparimANa shlokmudaahrti| Apastamba zulba sUtra maisUra saMskaraNa pR.96, 39. yadattatsadRzamiti gArgya:- ni. 3 / 3, 40. uccAvacAH padArthA bhavantIti gaaryH| tad ya eSu padArthaH, prAharime taM naamaakhyaatyorthvikrnnm-ni.1|1,41. na sarvANIti gAryo vaiyAkaraNAnAM caike ni. 1 / 4, 42. ni. 212, 43. ni. 3 / 2, 44. ni. 3 / 3, 45.ni. 3 / 4, 46. ni. 4 / 1,47. ni. 513, 48. ni. 54, 49.ni.76, 50. ni. 8 / 1, 51.ni.812,52. ni. 12|2,53.ni. durgabhASya- 815, 54. vR.de. 1 / 23. 26, 5 / 8, 5 / 39. 670, 55. saMhitA tritayaM tatrai zAkapUNistathetaraH niruktamakarottadvaccaturtha muni sattamA 3 / 4 / 23,56. vA.pu. 612,57. ni. 1 / 4 / bhA. 1 pR. 49, 58. ni. 2 / 6, 59. ni. 1261, 60.ni. 12 / 2, 61. vAyu purANa zvetavArAha kalpa 751, 52,56, 62. vRhaddevatA- 7 / 125, 63. aSTA .6 / 3 / 31, 7 / 1 / 74, 7 / 3 / 99,8467,64. ni. 4 / 1,65. pAMcAlena kramaH prAptastasmAd bhUtAt snaatnm| vAmravyagotra: sa vabhUva prathama krmpaargH||naaraaynnaad varaM labdhvA prAptaM ca yogmuttmm| kramaM praNIya zikSAM ca praNayitvA sa gaalvH|| ma.zA.pa., 66 pramRtigrahaNAnnimikAMkAyaNagArmyagAlavA:suzruta TIkA 1|3.67.vR.de.5|39, 7 / 38, 68.vedamekasminnahani samApayediti jaatuukrnnyH| samApayediti gAlava:- ai.A. 5 / 3 / 3, 69 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 69. zarAvaM caivagAlavaH- vA. pu. 34 63, 70. iko hrasvo'Dayo gAlavasya-aSTA. 6 / 3 / 31 aSTA :- 7 / 1 / 74 7 3 99 84 67, 71. suzruta TIkA - 13, 72. R.prA.- 11 / 65, 73 . navabhya iti nairuktAH purANAH kavayazca ye / madhukaH zvetaketuzca gAlavazcaiva mnvte|| 1 / 24, 74. saptabhiradhikaraNairvAbhravyaH pAMcAla : saMcikSepa-vA. kA. sU. 1 / 1 / 10, 75. zarAvaM caivagAlava:- vAyu purANa- 34 63, 76. zitimAMsatomedasta iti gAlava:ni. 4 / 1, 77. navamya iti nairuktAH purANAH kavayazca ye / madhukaH zvetaketuzca gAlavazcaiva mnvte|| nivAsAt karmaNo rUpAn maMgalAd vAca AziSaH / yadRcchyopavasanAt tathA''muSyAyaNAcca yat / / vR.de. 1 24-25, 78. ni. 419, 79. ni. 5 / 4, 80. ni. 811, 81. ni, 81, 83. somapradhAnametAM tu krauSTukiH manyata estutim vR.de. 4 / 137, 84. ni. 82, 85. ni. 82 (du.vR.dra.), 86. ni. 8 / 2, 87. ni. 82, 88. ni. 9 3 89. ni. 94, 90. ni. 1 / 3, 91. ni. 10 / 1, 92. ni. 1 3, 93. ni. 10 / 1, 94. ni. 3 / 3, 95. ni. 9919, 96. vR.de. 6 / 46, 890. caturtha adhyAya -: yAska evaM nirukta : (ka) yAska kA paricaya caturdaza vidyAoM meM SaDaMgakI bhI gaNanA hotI hai| ' SaDaMgoM meM zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chanda evaM jyotiSa parigaNita haiN| vartamAna samaya meM upalabdha SaDaMgoM meM pradhAnabhUta nirukta, jo nighaNTu ke zabdoM kA nirvacana karatA hai, ke racayitAke rUpameM maharSi yAska bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke dvArA samAdRta haiN| yAskake niruktase patA calatA ha ai ki yAskake samaya taka aneka nirukta the tathA aneka niruktakAra ho cuke the| samprati niruktake rUpameM kisI dUsare niruktakAra kA grantha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| phalata: yAskakA grantha niruktake rUpameM AdRta hai| niruktake antameM -'namo brahmaNe / namo mahate bhUtAya / namaH pAraskarAya / namo yaaskaay| brahma zukla masIya / brahma zuklamasIya / ' isa prakArakA ullekha prApta hotaahai| yadyapi yaha lekha lipikAroMkA hogA phiramI isa ullekha se patA calatA hai ki pAraskara aura yAska eka hI vyakti haiM / vRhaddevatAke praNetA AcArya zaunaka ne yAska kRta niruktake aneka sthaloMko apane granthameM uddhRta kiyA hai| AcArya zaunaka pANini se bhI prAcIna haiN| 70 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ataH niruktakArake rUpameM yAskako mAnanA sarvathA saMgata hai| mahAbhArata, mahAbhASya Adi granthoMmeM bhI niruktakArake rUpameM yAskako hI smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| niruktake anta meM ullikhita 'namo yAskAya' ke AdhAra para yAska nAma gotrApatya mAna liyA jAya to ye yaska ke gotrApattha the aisA pratIta hotA hai| pANini kI aSTAdhyAyIse bhI yaska gotrApatyake bAremeM patA calatA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNase bhI yaska ke gotrApatya kI hI puSTi hotI hai| nama: pAraskarAya' meM pAraskara zabdake ullekha se patA calatA hai ki yAska pAraskara dezake rahane vAle the| pAraskara pramRtIni ca saMjJAyAm' isa sUtrake bhASyameM maharSi pataMjali likhate haiM ki 'pAraskaro deza:' arthAt pAraskara deza- vizeSakA nAma hai| ise bhAratakA hI eka pradeza vizeSa kaha sakate haiN| AcArya jinendraddhine apanI nyAsa TIkAmeM pAraskarakI vyutpatti- 'pAraM karotIti aisA kahA hai| isa vizleSaNase patA calatA hai ki pAraskara nAmakA koI aisA pradeza hai jise kaThinAIse pAra kiyA jAtA hai| kaThinAI se pAra karaneke kAraNa hI usa pradezakA nAma pAraskara par3a gyaa| bhAratameM marUsthala kI dakSiNI chora para thara pArakara nAmakA sthala hai jise pAra karane kA matalaba sampUrNa marUsthala hI pAra karanA par3atA hai| saMbhavataH yahI yAskakA sthAna rahA hogaa| dezake nAmake AdhAra para vyaktiyoM kA sambodhana bhI hotA rahA hai| Aja bhI aisI prathA pracalita hai| jahAnAvAdI, lakhanavI, vanArasI, bihArI, baMgAlI, madrAsI, amerikana, yUropIyana Adi sthAna vizeSa para yA deza vizeSa para hI abhihita haiN| vyaktitva :- nirukta meM Aye. uddharaNoM se patA calatA hai ki yAska vaidika bhASA ke paNDita the| bhASAgata kSetrIya vaiziSTya kA bhI inheM pUrNa jJAna thaa| inheM bhASA vaijJAnika bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRta meM sarala vyAkhyAna zailI kA prAdurbhAva yAskase hI, mAnA jA sakatA hai, jisakA vikasita rUpa hama mahAbhASyameM pAte haiN| cAroM vedoM kA to inhoMne pUrNa parizIlana kiyA hI thA sAtha hI padapATha, tattarIya , maitrAyaNI Adi saMhitAoM kA bhI inheM pUrNa jJAna thaa| brAhmaNa granthoM meM etareya, zatapatha, kauSItaki gopatha Adi se ye pUrNa paricita the| ina saboM ke atirikta prAtizAkhyoM, upaniSadoM, AraNyakoM ke bhI vidvAna the| nirukta meM vibhinna sampradAyoM kI carcA hotI hai-'vaiyAkaraNA:, haaridrvikm10| AkhyAnasamaya:11 aitihAsikA:12, naidAnA:13, nairuktA:14 parivrAjakA:15. pUrveyAjJikA :16yAjJi kA :17 aadi| ina sampradAyoM ke ullekha se patA calatA hai ki yAska ina sampradAyoM 71 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ se pUrNa abhijJa the| vibhinna vaiyAkaraNoM evaM niruktakAroMke siddhAMtoM kA ullekha bhI inhoMne apane niruktameM kiyA hai| phalataH una vaiyAkaraNoM evaM niruktakAroMke siddhAntoMse bhI ve pUrNa paricita the| niruktameM prApta vyAkhyAnoM evaM vivecanoMke anusAra inako vaijJAnika, bhUgolavettA, dArzanika, kAmazAstrI Adi bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| AcArya yAskane vibhinna AcAryoMke siddhAntoMkA pratipAdana kara usa siddhAnta se apanI sahamati yA asahamati prakaTa kI hai| pUrvAcAryoM ke dvArA pratipAdita kucha siddhAnta niruktameM tarkapUrNa DhaMga se pratiSThita kie gae haiN| jaise- upasargoM kI vAcakatA, AkhyAtaja siddhAnta aadi| ina siddhAntoMkI sthApanAmeM ye pUrvavartI AcAryoMke nAma hI prathama lete haiM, lekina usakI svIkRti se patA calatA hai ki ye inakI hI sthApanA hai| indra, agni Adi kucha zabdoMkI siddhimeM to ve apanI amita pratibhAkA paricaya dete haiN| niruktameM hI prApta varNanoMke anusAra patA calatA hai ki kahIM-kahIM inakI dRSTi vyavahAraparaka ho gayI hai| phalataH inakA siddhAMta pratyakSa kI ora jyAdA agrasara dIkha par3atA hai| devatAoMke AkAra cintanameM bhI ve maulika dRSTi apanAte haiN| devatAoMkA vibhAjana inakI maulika dRSTikA hI pariNAma hai| zabdoMke prayogameM yAska sUkSma dRSTi apanAte haiN| inakA zabda kauzala nizcita hI hRdayAvarjaka hai| kisI tathya ko sarasa evaM sarala zailImeM pratipAdita karanA inakI apanI vizeSatA hai|18 niruktameM sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, dhArmika tathA vidhisambandhI viSayoMkA yatra-tatra vinyAsa bhI zlAghya hai| ina viSayoMke samucita vinyAsase patA calatA hai ki yAska vyavahAravAdI, kuzala evaM yathArtha draSTA haiN| inheM bahumukhI pratimA se samanvita yuMga purUSa kahA jAya to koI atyukti nahIM hogii| * sandarbha saMketa - 1. purANanyAya mImAMsA dharmazAstrAMgamizritAH / vedA: sthAnAni vidyAnAM dharmasya * ca caturdaza / / yAjJa. smR. 2. yAsko mAmRSiravyagro'nekayajJeSu giitvaan| zipiviSTa iti hyasmAd guhynaamdhrohyhm|| stutvA mAM zipiviSTeti yAska RssirudaardhiiH| maThAsAdAdagho naSTaM niruktmdhijgmivaan| / ' - mahA. zA. parva. adhyA. 324 / 70-71, 3. mahAbhASyaprathamAhnika, 4. yaskAdimyo gotre - aSTA 2|4| 63, 5. zatapatha brAhmaNa- 14/5/5/21, 6. aSTA. 6 / 1 / 157, 7. kAzikA 6 / 1 / 157 para nyAsa- dra. 8. iveti bhASAyAm'- ni. 1 / 2 zavatigatikarmA kamvojeSveva mASyate vikAramasyAryeSu zava iti| ' - . " 72 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska *
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________________ ni. 2 / 1, 9. ni. 1 / 4, 10. ni. 10 / 1, 11. ni.5|4, 12. ni. 2 / 5, 13. ni. 612, 14. ni. 2 / 5, 212, 15. ni. 2 / 2, 16. ni. 76, 17. ni. 5 / 2, 18. 'tad yAnyetAni catvAri padajAtAni nAmAkhyAte copasarganipAtAzca , tAnImAni bhvnti|' ni 1 / 1. (kha) yAska kA samaya nirdhAraNa laukika saMskRtakI jaisI sthiti pANinike samayameM thI, vaisI hI sthiti vaidika bhASA aura usake artha nirdhAraNake viSayameM yAskake samaya thii| bhASAkA vikAsa hotA hai, yaha sarvathA satya hai| vikAsakA pariNAma rUpa meM vikRti lAnA hotA hai| Aja kI bhASA dhvanyAtmaka yA anya AdhAra grahaNa kara kiMcit parivartita ho jaayegii| bhASA ko sthira rakhane kA mAdhyama zabdoM ko niyamabaddha karanA hai| niyamabaddha zabdoM ke sAtha kisI prakAra kA parivartana saMbhava nahIM kyoMki usake svarUpa ko isa prakAra niyamoM ke pAza meM jakar3a diyA jAtA hai jisase usakI gatizIlatA naSTa ho jAtI hai| laukika saMskRta kA rUpAntara 500 I.pU. sAmAjika evaM rUpAntara ke anya kAraNoM se Arambha huaa| usa samaya maharSi pANini kA AvirbhAva ina rUpAntaroMko pratibandhita kara unako sthAyI rUpa deneke lie huaa| inhoMne tatkAlIna pracalita saMskRta ke zabdoMko niyama se Abaddha kara diyA jise deza, kAla, pAtra AdikA prabhAva isake svarUpa ko parivartita karane meM sakSama nahIM ho skaa| pariNAmataH Aja taka saMskRtake ve hI rUpa hamAre sAmane haiM jo I.pU. 500 varSa pahale the| vaidika kAla meM mantroMkA lekhana sarvathA tyAjya thaa| sAdhanake abhAva meM tathA asIma AsthA ke phalasvarUpa logoM ne zrutiparamparA kA Azraya liyaa| usa samaya maMtroM kI rakSA zrutiparamparA se hI hotI thii| yaha vedAdhyayana kI tatkAlIna paramparA bana gayI thii| usa samayameM bhI mantrArthAvagati evaM arthavAda kI prAmANikatA apekSita thii| zrutiparamparA ke vikasita siddhAMtoM meM vikRti pAThoM kA prayoga honese maMtroMke svarUpakI rakSA to ho jAtI thI lekina deza kAla pAtrAnusAra zabda parivartanakI AzaMkA thii| ataH padabheda kA jJAna, yajJoMmeM devatAoMke nAmase nirdiSTa vidhiyoM kA jJAna, tatkAlIna sAmAjika nAstikatA ke phalasvarUpa maMtroMmeM artha vivakSA kA samAdhAna Adi ke lie maharSi yAska kA avirbhAva huaa| inhoMne zabdA meM arthAdhAna pradarzana ke lie niruktakI racanA kI tathA vaidika zabdoMke artha 73 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vikArako spaSTa kiyaa| jJAtavya hai pANinine laukika evaM vaidika zabdoMke svarUpako sthAyitva pradAna karaneke lie niyamabaddha kara diyaa| donoMkA kArya prakArameM bheda rakhate hue bhI eka dUsarese mahattvameM kama nhiiN| laukika saMskRtake abhyudaya kAlameM tathA vaidika saMskRtake avasAna kAla meM yAskakA samaya mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki inakA kAryakSetra isI kAlakI ora saMketa karatA hai| pANinikA samaya laukika saMskRtake samRddhi kAla kA hai| vyApaka sAhityake AdhAra para hI zabdoMkA vyutpAdana pANinike zabda kauzalakA pratIka hai| phalata: pANinise yAska pUrva ke haiN| donoM AcAryoMkI bhASA evaM siddhAntoMkA anusaMdhAna donoMke kAla pArthakyako spaSTa kara detA hai| durbhAgyakI bAta hai ki abhI taka pANinike samayakA yathAvat nirdhAraNa nahIM ho pAyA hai| kucha vidvAn pANiniko yAskase prAcIna mAnate haiN| ina vidvAnoMmeM maiksamUlara, vothaliMga, satyavrata sAmazramI Adi ullekhya haiN| maiksamUlarakA kahanA hai ki yAskakA 'nAmAni AkhyAtajAni' (sabhI nAma AkhyAtaja haiM) navIna siddhAMta vAjasaneya prAtizAkhyakAra ke padavibhAga, nAma padoM ke taddhita kRdanta prakAra Adi ko aparyApta samajhanekA pariNAma hai| inake AdhAra para yAska prAtizAkhyakAra kAtyAyanase arvAcIna haiN| prAtizAkhyakAra kAtyAyana aura vArtikakAra kAtyAyana ko ye eka hI mAnate haiN| phalataH yAska pANinise to arvAcIna haiM hI vArtikakAra kAtyAyana se bhI arvAcIna haiN| maiksamUlarakA uparyukta mata kathamapi saMgata nahIM hai| jJAtavya hai ki jisa 'nAmAni AkhyAtajAni' siddhAMtake AdhAra para maiksamUlara yAskako kAtyAyanase arvAcIna mAnate haiM, vaha siddhAMta yAskase bhI pUrva zAkaTAyana kA hai| zAkaTAyana kA ullekha svayaM pANinine bhI apanI aSTAdhyAyImeM kiyA hai| ataH zAkaTAyana nizcaya hI pANinise bhI pUrva ke haiN| agara yAskakA uparyukta siddhAnta kAtyAyana kA mAnA jAya to svayaM pANinibhI kAtyAyanase pIcheke siddha hoNge| nirvivAda rUpa se pANini kAtyAyanase pUrvavartI haiN| ata: niSkarSa rUpameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki maiksamUlarakA mata pralApamAtra hai| maiksamUlara, vothaliMga Adi vidvAnoMke matase prabhAvita satyavratasAmagramIjI bhI pANiniko yAskase prAcIna mAnate haiN| inakI mAnyatAke anusAra vArtikakAra kAtyAyanase to yAska prAcIna haiM lekina pANinIse arvaaciin| apane siddhAnta kI puSTi meM inakA kahanA hai ki pANini hI Adi vyAkaraNa praNetA haiN|niruktmeN Aye vyAkaraNake pAribhASika 74 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabda pANini vyAkaraNase hI lie gae haiN| kyoMki pANini vyAkaraNa hI Adi vyAkaraNa hai| sAmazramI jI puna: apane matakI puSTimeM niruktameM prayukta 'apArNa' zabda para bala dete haiM tathA kahate haiM ki pANinike sUtroM meM 'RNa' zabdake rahane para koI vRddhi vidhAyaka sUtra nahIM prApta hotaa| phalataH pANinike samayameM prarNam, aparNam hI prayoga hotA thA, jo ki vRddhirahita prayoga thaa| vArtikakArake kAla meM. pravatsatarakambalavasanArNadazAnAmRNe'6 vArtika kA nirmANa huA jisase-prArNam , vatsarArNam Adi padoM kI siddhi huii| inhoMne bhI 'pra' ke sthAna para yA 'pra' ke sadRza koI apa upasargakA sanniveza apane sUtroMmeM nahIM kiyaa| ataH pANini yAskase pahale the, kyoMki agara ye yAskake bAda hote to yAskake apArNam prayogakI siddhike lie apanA mataMvya avazya prakaTa krte| isake atirikta niruktameM prayukta paraH sannikarSa: saMhitA' isa sUtra ko bhI ve pANinikA hI sUtra samajhate haiN| inhIM AdhAroM para pANiniko yAska se prAcIna mAnate haiN| ___ maiksamUlara, bothaliMga Adi vidvAnoMkA mata sarvathA khaMDita ho cukA hai| sAmagramIjI ke mata ko bhI saMgata nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| inakI ukta sthApanA ko tarkoM ke AdhAra para mUlyAMkita kiyA jAya to patA calegA ki yAska hI pANinise prAcIna hai| sAmazramIjI kA yaha kahanA, ki pANini hI Adi vaiyAkaraNa hai aura inakI aSTAdhyAyI hI Adi vyAkaraNa hai, ekadama nirAdhAra hai| svayaM pANinine apanI aSTAdhyAyImeM apane pUrvavartI kaI vaiyAkaraNoMke nAma bar3I zraddhA ke sAtha lie haiN| pANinise pUrvavartI prAtizAkhya grantha haiM, jo vaidika vyAkaraNa haiN| vyAkaraNa zAstra loka prayukta zabdoMkA anvAkhyAna mAtra hai| isakA kAma zabdoMkA gar3hanA nahIM hai|9 zabdoMkA prayoga to deza kAla pAtrAnusAra pracalita evaM apracalita hotA rahatA hai| kucha naye zabdoMkA pracalana hone laga jA sakatA hai| kucha pracalita zabdoM kA pracalana ruka bhI sakatA hai| isa AdhAra para satyavrata sAmazramI jI ke siddhAntake sambandha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki yAska ke kAla meM 'apArNa' zabdakA prayoga hotA thA, kucha kAla bAda yaha avyavahRta ho gyaa| phalataH pANinine 'apArNam' zabdakI siddhike lie koI sUtra kA vidhAna nahIM kiyaa| vArtikakArake samaya meM prANam' kA prayoga hone lagA hogaa| phalataH prArNam zabda kI siddhi ke lie inhoMne vArtika kA nirmANa kiyaa| unake samaya meM bhI 'apArNam' zabda kA prayoga hotA hogaa| punaH kevala 'apArNam' hI aisA prayoga nahIM hai jo pANinIya vyAkaraNa se siddha nahIM hote, balki vicikitsArthIya Adi bahutase prayoga pANini vyAkaraNa se siddha nahIM hote haiN| ina 75 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabdoMke lie bhI yahIM tarka upayukta hogA ki sAre zabda yAskake samaya to pracalita hoMge lekina pANinike samaya lupta ho gaye hoNge| niruktameM sUryAko 'sUryasya patnI' kahA hai / 1deg sAmazramI jI kA kahanA hai ki pANinIya vyAkaraNake AdhAra para sUrya zabdase ukta artha meM sUrI zabda banatA hai| yadi pANini yAskase arvAcIna hote to sUryA zabdake lie avazya hI koI sUtra kA vidhAna krte| bAdameM vArtikakArane aisA kiyA bhI hai / 11 isa makke sambandha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ukta artha meM sUryA kA prayoga vaidika prayoga hai jo yAskase bahuta pUrva kA hai| 12 yAska usa zabdako mAtra pUrNa spaSTa karate haiN| isase yAska kI arvAcInatA pramANita nahIM hotii| 'paraH sannikarSaH saMhitA' ke sambandha meM bhI sAmazramI jI kA kahanA ekadama nirAdhAra hai ki yAskane ise pANinise grahaNa kiyaa| jJAtavya hai vyAkaraNa kA prAdurbhAva pANinise bahuta pUrva hI huA hai| 13 svayaM AcArya pANinine hI apanI aSTAdhyAyImeM apane se pUrvavartI kaI vaiyAkaraNoMke nAmakA ullekha kiyA, jo pUrva pratipAdita hai| yAskake pahale bhI vaiyAkaraNoMke sampradAya the jaisA ki niruktameM bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| ataH yaha sUtra kyA yAska ke pUrvavartI vaiyAkaraNoMkA nahIM ho sakatA, jinakA nAma svayaM pANini bhI lete rahe haiN| punaH yaha socA jAya ki pANini para hI yAskake isa sUtra kA prabhAva hai, to kauna sA anaucitya hogaa| agara pANini yAskase pahale hote to yAska pANinikA bhI nAma apane niruktameM avazya lete| ve pUrva ke vaiyAkaraNoMmeM gArgya Adi kA nAma bar3I zraddhA ke sAtha lete haiM / 14 'AsyadadhnAH' zabda pANini ke 'pramANeddhayasaj dadhnamAtraca : 15 isa sUtrase dadhnac pratyaya karane para siddha ho jAtA hai| jJAtavya hai, yAskane 'dadhna' ko pratyaya nahIM mAnakara 'dadhna' zabdakA nirvacana kiyA hai- 'dadhnaM dadhyateH sravati karmaNa: 116 agara pANini yAskase pahale hote to nizciya hI yAskako pANinike uparyukta sUtrakI AvazyakatA par3atI aura usa para pANini kAlIna pratyayako zabda mAnakara nirvacana nahIM krte| yAskane padako cAra bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA hai, nAma; AkhyAta, upasarga aura nipaat| pANini padake do hI bheda mAnate haiM, subanta, tathA tiGanta 17 pANinine avyaya ko subantakA hI eka bheda mAnA hai jabaki yAska aisA nahIM krte| agara yAska pANinise bAda hote to pANinike isa prabhAvase avazya prabhAvita hote| pANiniko yAskase prAcIna mAnA jAyato pANinike lagabhagacAra hajArasUtroM evaM 76 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhAtu pAThoMkA jJAna yAskako avazya honA cAhie thaa| sAtha hI ve apane niruktameM pANinIya niyamoM evaM prayogoMkA ullekha avazya karate, jaisA ki anya vaiyAkaraNoMke niyamoM evaM prayogoMkA ullekha inhoMne kiyA hai| sampUrNa niruktameM kahIM bhI pANinIya niyamoM evaM prayogoMkA ullekha nahIM prApta hotaa| ataH pANini yAskase pIche hue| pANinike samaya taka bahuta sAre naye naye zabda prayogameM A gaye the, tathA bahutase vaidika zabda kevala sAhitya mAtra kI hI zobhA bar3hA rahe the| yAskase pANinike bIca ke samayameM prayukta zabdoMkA pradarzana pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM hotA hai| punaH yAskakA pANini para prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| 'yaskAdibhyogotre'18 sUtrase pANini yAska zabda kI siddhi karate haiN| nAmAni AkhyAtajAni'19 siddhAMtake anusAra yAska atiparokSavRttike dvArA bhI nirvacana prastuta karate haiN| pANinine yAskase prabhAvita hokara hI isa prakArake zabdoMkI siddhike lie uNAdayo bahulam 20 sUtrakA nirmANa kiyA jisase (atiparokSavRtti) avyutpanna zabdoMkI siddhi ho skii| yAskane apane niruktameM kucha vyAkaraNa paraka zabdoMkA prayoga kiyA hai,21 jo svataH vyAkhyA yogya hai tathA anvarthaka evaM varNanArthaka haiN| pANinine kucha yAdRcchika saMjJA kI kalpanA kI hai, Ti, bha, ghu aadi| yAska isa prakArakI saMjJAkA prayoga nahIM karate haiN| inhoMne upadhA, abhyAsa, guNa Adi zabdoMkA prayoga kiyA hai| lekina ina zabdoMko pAribhASita nahIM kiyaa| isase patA calatA hai ki usa samaya taka ye sAre zabda itane vyApta ho gaye hoMge ki ina zabdoMko binA paribhASAke bhI samajhA jA sakatA thaa| bAdameM pANinine ina zabdoMko pAribhASita kiyA hai| pANinikA uddezya vaijJAnika tathyapUrNa vyAkaraNa banAnA.thA, jisameM svArthIpalabdhi ke lie anukUla paribhASA denA Avazyaka thaa| ina paribhASAoM ke binA vyAkaraNake sUtroMkA spaSTIkaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai| ata: isase pANiniko yAskase prAcIya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| pANinise pUrva sampradAya vAloMne bhI to una zabdoMko pAribhASita kiyA hai| aisI bAta nahIM ki una zabdoMkI paribhASA pANinise hI AraMbha hotI hai| una paribhASAoMmeM kiMcit svarUpa bheda hote haiM lekina viSaya bheda nahIM hote| isa viSayameM eka samAdhAna upasthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye sAre zabda yAskake kAlameM adhika pracalita honeke kAraNa paribhASAkI apekSA nahIM rakhate hoNge| yAskase pANinike antarAlameM ina sAre zabdoMkA pracalana kama gayA hogaa| phalataH pANiniko ina zabdoMkI paribhASA denI pdd'ii| ataH isase siddha hotA hai ki pANinise yAska prAcIna haiN| 77 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yAska evaM pANinike granthoMkA bhASA vaijJAnika AdhAra para parIkSaNa kiyA jAya to yAskake granthakI prAcInatA spaSTa pratilakSita hogii| yAskane apane niruktameM aneka aise dhAtuoMkA prayoga kiyA hai, jo pANinIya dhAtu pAThameM upalabdha nahIM hote| jaise'atidaMhI'22 zabdameM yAska dAnArthaka daMha dhAtukA prayoga karate haiM, jo pANini vyAkaraNameM nahIM hai| isI prakAra jU' nakSa' Adi dhAtueM bhI kevala yAska ke niruktameM prApta hote haiM, pANinikI aSTAdhyAyImeM nhiiN| yAskane jina arthoM meM kucha dhAtuoMkA prayoga kiyA hai, ve pANinise bhinna haiN| yAska 'zapa' dhAtukA sparza arthameM prayoga karate hai to pANini isakA prayoga Akroza artha meM karate haiN| isI prakAra yAska ne kal, nam evaM mRg dhAtuoMkA gati, kruz kA zabda , vis kA bhedana, hlAda kA zItImAva, maMha kA vRddhi evaM dAna, dhvR kA hiMsA, dad kA dhAraNa, dadha kA savaNa evaM vakS kA samRddhi arthameM prayoga kiyA hai| lekina pANinine kala kA kSepa, nam kA bhASaNa, mRj kA zuddhi, kruz kA AhvAna evaM rUdana, vis kA preraNA, hlAda kA avyakta zabda yA sukha, maMha kA vRddhi, dhvR kA hUrchan arthAt vaMcaka vRtti karanA, dad kA dAna, dadh kA ghAtana yA pAlana evaM cakS kA gati evaM hiMsA artha meM prayoga kiyA hai| yAska ke samaya cakSa tathA khyA dhAtu svatantra rUpa meM prayukta the|23 lekina pANinIya vyAkaraNameM cakSa tathA khyA svataMtra dhAtu nahIM haiN| kucha prayogoMmeM cakS dhAtukA prayoga milatA hai tathA kucha meM khyA kaa|24 pANini ke AdhAra para khyA cakSa kA samAnArthaka hai cakS dhAtukA adeza nhiiN| yAskake samaya donoM samAnArthI the| ataH cakSuH zabdakI vyAkhyAmeM ve donoM dhAtuoMkA pradarzana karate haiN| agara yAskake samaya ina donoM dhAtuoMmeM koI sambandha huA hotA to cakSuH zabdake nirvacana meM bhI yAska eka hI dhAtukA prayoga dikhlaate| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki isa prayogAntarameM samayAntara bhI avazya hogaa| ataH pANini yAskase arvAcIna haiN| __yAska dvArA prayukta taddhitake kucha pratyaya bhI pANinike taddhita pratyayoMse bhinna haiN| yathA-adhvarayupa evaM kakSyA meM yAska kramazaH 'yu' tathA yA pratyayakA prayoga karate haiN| yAskane adhvarayu meM 'yu' upabandha (pratyaya) mAnA hai, jo yuj dhAtu yA tatkAmayate athavA tadadhIyate arthameM prayukta hotA hai| isI prakAra 'iMdayu'26 meM yAska ne 'yu' ke do artha batalAye haiM,kAmayamAnaH tathA tdvaan| yu'kA vyavahAra tadvat' arthameM bhI usa samaya pracalita thaa|27 yAskake samaya meM 'yu'keprAya:tIna artha dekhaneko milatehaiM, tadvAn, kAmayamAna:tathA tddhiite| inameM yathottara usa samaya kama prclitthe|paannini vyAkaraNase 78: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ jJAta hotA hai ki 'yu' pratyaya sAmAnya vyavahAra meM nahIM thaa| kAmayamAnaH arthameM vaidika padoMmeM kyac pratyayAnta nAma dhAtuse tAcchIlika 'u' pratyaya se 'yu' rUpa banatA thaa| tadvAn arthameM 'yu' pratyaya laukika saMskRta meM hI sImita thaa| jaise- kaMyu, zaMyu, zubhaMyu aadi|29 'UrNAyu'30 kA prayoga chAndasa thaa| yAskake samayameM isa pratyaya ke jahAM tIna artha the vahAM pANinike samaya meM mAtra eka hI artha (tadvAn) raha gyaa| ataH bhASAmeM isa prakArakA artha saMkoca nizcaya hI atyadhika samayakA pariNAma hai| yAskane upamArthIya, pratiSedhArthIya , vinigrahArthIya, vicikitsArthIya, parigrahArthIya Adi zabdoM ke lie 'Iya' pratyaya kA tathA ekapadika, sAMyogika, bhASika, Adi zabdoMke lie 'ika' pratyayakA prayoga kiyA hai, jo aSTAdhyAyImeM upalabdha nahIM hote| aSTAdhyAyI meM isakA dUsarA hI rUpa milatA hai| isa vikAsameM bhI samayakA paryApta antara mAnA jA sakatA hai| nirukta meM, 'tebhiSTvA' kI vyAkhyA taiSTvA se karate haiN|31 pANini aisI sthiti meM Satva kA vidhAna hI nahIM krte| AcArya yAskake kucha bAda taka isa prakAra kI sandhiyAM pracalita thii| gaviSThira, yudhiSThira Adi zabdoMkA prayoga usI ke udAharaNa haiN| pANinike samaya taka ise apavAda mAnA jAne lgaa| yudhiSThira zabda prayoga prathamataH aSTAdhyAyI evaM gaNapAThameM hI prApta hotA hai|32 yAskake samaya kI aneka sandhiyAM pANinike samaya apracalita ho gyii| isase bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki yAska pANinise prAcIna haiN| pANinike samayakA nirdhAraNa ho jAya to yAskake samaya nirdhAraNameM AsAnI ho sakatI hai| pANinike samaya nirdhAraNameM bhI mataikya nahIM hai| usa sambandhameM kucha vicAroMko dekhanA apekSita hogaa| satyavrata sAmagramIke anusAra-pANinike 'vAsudevArjunAbhyAM vun'33 sUtrameM vAsudeva tathA arjunakI carcA hai| ata: isase patA calatA hai ki pANini vAsudeva kRSNa tathA arjunase bAdameM haiN| kalhaNane pANDavoM ke kAla kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai 'zatezu SaTsu sArdheSu vyadhikeSu ca bhUtale kalegateSu varSANAmabhavan kurU paannddvaaH||34 arthAt kaliyuga ke 653 varSa bIta jAne para pANDava vartamAna the| arjunake pautra janamejayako kaliyugake sAtavIM zatAbdI uttarArddha kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| pANinine janamejaya padakI siddhike lie 'eje: khaz35 sUtrakA prayoga kiyA hai| ataH pANini 79 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ janamejayake bAda ke haiN| inhIM AdhAroM para satyavrata sAmazramI jI ne I.pU. 2400 varSa pANini kA kAla maanaa| maMjuzrI mUlakalpa meM likhA hai ki pANini nAmakA mANava mahApadma nandakA mitra thaa|36 bauddha bhikSuoMke lie prayukta hone vAle zramaNa zabda kA nirdeza pANini ke'kumAra zramaNAdibhi:' 37 sUtrameM prApta hotA hai| buddhake samayameM maMkhAligosAla nAmaka AcArya ke lie prayukta 'maskarI' zabdakI siddhimeM pANinine 'maskara maskariNo veNuparibAjakayo : '38 sUtrakA prayoga kiyA hai| bevara 9 kA kathana hai ki sikandarake sAtha yuddha karane vAlI kSadruka mAlavoMkI senAkA ullekha pANinine khaNDikAdigaNa meM paThita 'kSudraka mAlavAt senA saMjJAyAm 40 gaNasUtra meM kiyA hai| kItha 41 kA kahanA hai ki aSTAdhyAyImeM yavana42 zabda paThita hai| ataH sikandarake AkramaNake bAda hI pANini hue| rAjazekharakI kAvya mImAMsAmeM eka anuzruti kA ullekha hai| usa anuzrutike anusAra pATaliputra meM hone vAlI zAstrakAra parIkSA meM uttIrNa hokara pANinine yazaprApta kiyA / 43 pATaliputrakI sthApanA kusumapura yA puSpapurake nAmase mahArAja udayIne kI thI / 44 uparyukta AdhAra para hI maiksamUlara, 45 vaivara, kItha Adi vidvAna, pANinikA samaya 350 I.pU. mAnate haiN| viNTara nitsa47 bhaNDArakara Adi vidvAn pANini kA kAla 500 I.pU. nirdhArita karate haiN| DA. vailbhalkara48 inako 700 I. pU. taka pahuMcAte haiN| satyavrata sAmazramI jI 2400 I. pU. inakA samaya nirdhAraNa karate haiN| yudhiSThira mImAMsaka anya prApta varNanoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya lagabhaga 2900 I.pU. mAnate haiN|49 yAska pANinise prAcIna haiM, jaisA ki pUrva hI aneka pramANoM se siddha kara diyA gayA hai| pANinike samaya meM saMskRta bhASAmeM adhika hAsa hone lagA thaa| loga nirukta dvArA pradatta vaidika vijJAnako bhUlate jA rahe the| bhASA kI bar3hatI huI vikRtiko dekhakara pANinine socA ki yaha pravAha zikSAmeM hrAsake kAraNa svAbhAvika hai| agara isI prakArakI sthiti rahI to bhASAkA vartamAna rUpa ekadama badala jaaegaa| eka jagahakI bhASAko dUsarI jagahake loganahIM samajha skeNge| phalata: usane svarUpakI sthiratA ke lie vyAkaraNa zAstra kI racanA kI / aSTAdhyAyI isIkA pariNAma hai| bhASAkI aisI sthiti AnemeM yAskase pANinike bIca lagabhaga 250 varSa lage hoNge| ata: yAskakA samaya pANini se250varSa pahale mAnA jA sakatA hai| Aja pANini ke samaya ko500I.pU. logoM ne 80 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ prAya: mAna liyA hai| isa AdhAra para yAska kA samaya 750 I. pUrva hogaa| mahAbhArata meM bhI yAska kA ullekha prApta hotA hai 'yAsko mAmRSiravyagro'neka yajJeSu gItavAn zipiviSTa iti dvasmAt guhynaamdhrohyhm| stutvA mAM zipiviSTeti yAska RSirUdAradhIH maprasAdAdadho naSTaM niruktmmijgmivaan|| 50 isa varNanase patA calatA hai ki yAska mahAbhAratake nirmANase pUrvakai hoNge| niruktameM devApi tathA zantanu do bhAiyoMkA ullekha prApta hotA hai| prApta varNanake anusAra zantanu devApikI upekSA karake svayaM rAjyakA adhikArI bana gyaa| devApine aisI sthitimeM jaMgalakA mArga apnaayaa| ve jaMgalameM rahane lge| idhara rAjyameM bahuta dinoM taka avarSaNa rhaa| brAhmaNoMne isakA kAraNa batalAyA-'adharmapUrvaka rAjyakI prApti 52 aitihAsika pramANoMse jJAta hotA hai ki devApi tathA zantanu kauravoM evaM pANDavoMke pUrva purUSa the| ataH yAska devApi evaM zantanu ke bAda ke haiN| yaha yAskake samayakI UparI sImA hai| niruktameM yAskane akrUra zabdakA ullekha kiyA hai.'akrUro dadate maNim'53 itymimaassnte|' akrUrake pAsa syamantaka maNi rahanekI puSTi zrImadbhAgavatase bhI hotI hai|54 akrUrako deza chor3akara bhAga jAnA par3A thA kyoMki bheda khula jAne para loga kahA karate the, 'maNi' akrUrake pAsa hai| yaha bhI yAskake samayakI UparI sImA hai| isase pUrNa spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yAska akrUrake bAda ke haiN| niruktase jJAta hotA hai ki yAskake kAla meM RSiyoMkA uccheda honA prArambha ho gayA thA5 purANoMke anusAra antima dIrgha satra mahArAja adhisImake rAjyakAlameM huA thaa| mahAbhArata yaddhake bAda dhIre-dhIre RSiyoMkA uccheda araMbha ho gayA thaa| zaunakane apane kaM prAtizAkhya aura vRhaddevatAmeM yAskakA ullekha kiyA hai|57 phalataH mahAbhArata, RkprAtizAkhya, vRhadevatA Adike antaH sAkSyase patA calatA hai ki yAskakA kAla mahAbhArata ke pUrva kA thaa| zatapatha brAhmaNameM varNita AcArya paramparAse patA calatA hai ki yAska pArAzarya ke vRddha guru the| pArAzarya ke jAtUkarNya, jAtUkarNya ke bhAradvAja, bhAradvAja ke AsurAyaNa tathA yAska AcArya haiN| 'pArAzaryo jAtUkajjiAtUko bhAradvAjAda, bhAradvAjazcAsurAyaNAcca yaaskaacc| 58 isa varNanase spaSTa hotA hai ki yAska pArAzaryase pUrva ke haiM tathA AsurAyaNake samakAlIna haiN| 81 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vRhadAraNyakopaniSadmeM varNita madhu vidyAkI AcAryaparamparAmeM bhI yAskakA varNana prApta hotA hai|59 sabhI padArthoM meM zreSTha AtmA kI sthiti hI madhuvidyA kA sAra hai| ukta granthameM prApta madhu vidyAkA siddhAnta yAskake siddhAntase milatA julatA hai| AcArya yAskane bhI sabhI padArthoM meM eka AtmAko hI sthita mAnA hai|60 ye AtmA ko hI brahma mAnate haiN| yaha sabhI bhUtoM evaM padArthoM meM vyApta haiN| ahaM ke rUpa meM pratIta hone vAlA zarIrameM bhI yahI draSTA evaM sraSTAke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN|61 isa prakAra madhu vidyAkI AcArya paramparAmeM yAskakA nAma parigaNita hone se yAskakI prAcInatA dArzanika dRSTikoNase bhI siddha hai| niSkarSata : bhASAvaijJAnika, aitihAsika, dArzanika Adi dRSTiyoMse yAska pANini se kAphI prAcIna haiN| niruktake anta:sAkSyase bhI isI bAtakI puSTi hotI hai| mahAbhArata, vRhaddevatA, Rk prAtizAkhya , zatapatha brAhmaNa Adike AdhAra para bhI inakI prAcInatA pramANita hai| ata: yAskakA samaya 750 I.pU. hI samyak hai| sandarbha saMketa -: 1. 'jaTAmAlA zikhArekhA rathodaNDodhvajoghana: aSTau vikRtayaH proktA: svayameva svyNbhuvaa|| - ni bhAga-1 (devarAja yajvA) prAkkathana 15 2. 'tatranAmAni AkhyAtajAti iti zAkaTAyano nairuktsmyshc|'ni. 1 / 4, 3. laGaH zAkaTAyanasyaiva-aSTA. 3 / 4 / 111 triprabhRtiSu zAkaTAyanasyaaSTA . 8 / 4 / 50, 4. niruktAlocana- (dra.) pR. 103-105, 5.'tadetat ekamevapadaM yAskasamaya nirdhAraNe bahumanyate'smAbhiH apArNam, apArNam apArNamiti- (niruktAlocana), 6. aSTA 6 / 1 / 89 kA vArtika, 7. ni. 1 / 6 aSTA 1 / 4 / 109,8. lopa : zAkalyasya aSTA . 8 / 3 / 19, avNgsphottaaynsy-assttaa.6|1|123 oto gAya'sya- assttaa.8|3|20, 9. lakSya lakSye vyAkaraNam-mahAbhASya- 1 / 1 / 1 ghaTena kArya kariSyan kumbhakArakulaM gatvAha-kurUghaTaM kAryamanena kaarissyaamiiti| na tadvacchabdaprayuyukSamANo vaiyAkaraNakulaM gatvAhakurU zabdam prayokSya iti-mahAbhASya. 1 / 1 / 1 / pR.60, 10. ni. 127, 11. sUryAddevatAyAM cAvvAcya :- vA. 107- (aSTA. 4 / 1 / 48). 12. vRSAkapAyI sUryoSA sUryasyaiva tu patna: (vRhaddevatA -28) 13.brahmA vRhaspataye provAca , vRhaspati: indrAya , indro bhAradvajAya bhAradvAja RSibhyaH RssyobraahmnnebhyH|,14golddsttuukr: pANini pR.243 -245 'tula .) (mahAbhA. prathamAhnika),15.aSTA 5 / 2 / 37.16. ni. 1 / 3 / 4, 17. 82 : nyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ suptiGantaM padam- aSTA. 1 / 4 / 14, 18. aSTA. 2 / 4 / 63, 4 / 1 / 112, 19. ni. 1 / 3 / 4. 20. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 1, 21. padajAta, nAma, AkhyAta , upasarga, nipAta, bhAva, satva, vacana, karmopasaMgraha, upabandha, prathamA, dvitIyA, caturthI , paMcamI, sarvanAma, anudAtta aadi| (dra. hi.ni.pR. 61), 22. ni. 1 / 3, 23. cakSuH khyAtervA caSTervA - ni. 43. 24. aSTA. 2 / 4554-55, 25.ni. 118, 26. ni. 631, 27. athApi tadvadarthe bhASyate-vasUyurindro-vasumAnityarthaH ni. 6 / 31,28. aSTA. 3 / 2 / 170, 29. aSTA. 5 / 2 / 138-140, 30. aSTA. 5 / 2 / 123. 31. ni. 630, 32. aSTA. 8 / 3 / 95 gaNapATha- 4 / 1 / 96, 33. aSTA. 4 / 3 / 98, 34. rAja. ta. 151, 35. aSTA. 3 / 2 / 28, 36. tasyAppayatamaH sakhyaH pANini mamAnavaH maMju. 433-37, 37. aSTA. 2 / 170, 38. aSTA. 6 / 1 / 154, 39. hisTrI Apha iMDiyana liTarecara dra., 40. aSTA. 4 / 2 / 45, 41. saM. sA. kA. iti. pR. 504,42. aSTA 4 / 1 / 49,43. zrUyate ca pATaliputre zAsakAraparIkSA-atra varSopavarSAviha pANini piMgalAviha vyADiH vararUci pataMjalI iha parIkSitAH khyAtimupajagmuH- kA.mI. adhyA.-10.44. vAyu pu. 99-318,45. hisTrI Apha enasIyaMTa saMskRta liTarecara pR. 215.17, 46. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa-pu. 504-505, 47. hisTrI Apha iMDiyana liTarecara maulyUma 3. pArTa-2, pRSTa-423,48.sisTama Apha saMskRta grAmara pR. 15, 49. saM. vyAkaraNa zAstra kA iti. pra.bhA. pR. 197,50. mahA bhA. zA. parva- adhyA. 342270-71, 51. ni. 2 / 10, 52. tatretihAsamAcakSate. .. devapizcANiH zantanuzca kauravyau bhrAtarau vabhUktusizantanuH kniiyaan'missecyaaNckre| devApiH tapaH prpede| tataH zAntano rAjye dvAdazavarSANi devo na vrss| tamUcurbrAhmaNA: adharmastvayAcaritaH jyeSTha bhrAtaramantarityAbhiSecitam- ni 2 / 10, 53. ni. 2 / 2, 54. zrImadbhAgavata 10 / 57 / 3-6, 10-15, 18-23, 29, 34-38,55. manuSyA vA RSiNUkAmatsu devAnabuvan ko na Rssibhvissytiiti| ni. 13 / 12,56. vAyu pu. 1 / 12-13, 57. prA. 17 / 42, vR.de. 1 / 126, 2 / 111, 58. zata. vA. 14 / 5 / 5 / 21, 7 / 3 / 27, 59. vRhadAraNyakopaniSad 2 / 5 / 1-15, 60 aatmaabrhmeti| sa brahmamUto bhvti| sAkSimAtro vyvtisstthte| ni. 14 / 10, 61.sraSTA draSTA vimaktAtimAtro'hamiti gmyte|...so'yN puruSa:sarvamayaHsarvajJAno'pi klRptH||ni. 14/5 83 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (ga) yAskakI racanAeM prAcIna bhAratIya, mahAn vibhUtiyoM ke samaya , sthAna Adike sambandhameM jaise Aja bhI aikamatya prApta nahIM hote, usI prakAra unakI racanAoMke sambandhameM bhI prAya: dekhane ko milatA hai| kucha racanAeM Aja bhI matAntaroMke cakrameM par3I huI haiN| prAcIna itihAsakI samRddhikA abhAva hI isakA kAraNa hai| maharSi yAskakI do racanAeM upalabdha hotI haiM, nighaNTu tathA nirukt| nirukta nirvivAda rUpase yAskakI racanA mAna lI gayI hai| nighaNTuke sambandhameM mata matAntara Aja bhI pracalita haiN| nighaNTu :- nighaNTuke sambandhameM Aja do mata pracalita haiM prathamake anusAra nighaNTu yAskase pUrvavartI AcAryoMkI kRti hai yA aneka AcAryoMkI kRti hai| dvitIya mata ke AdhAra para nighaNTu yAskakI kRti hai| nighaNTuke racayitAke nirNayameM kucha siddhAntoMkI upasthiti Avazyaka hai| niruktake pramukha TIkAkAra durgAcArya jI nirukta bhASyakI bhUmikAmeM kahate haiM ki pAMca adhyAya vAle nighaNTukA nirmANa zrutarSiyoM ne kiyA1 puna: niruktake prathama adhyAyake bhASyameM likhate haiM ki nighaNTukI racanA zrutarSiyoM ne kii| isa mata kI puSTimeM ve kahate haiM ki nighaNTumeM pahale 'dAvane' zabda AyA hai tadantara 'akUpArasya' shbd| vedameM isakA krama viparIta ho gayA hai| pahale 'akUpArasya' zabda AyA hai isake bAda 'dAvane' shbd| agara yAska hI nighaNTuke racayitA hote to isa prakAra kramakA ullaMghana nahIM krte| punaH isI prakAra 'vAjaspatyam' tathA 'vAjagandhyam' zabda kramazaH nighaNTumeM Aye haiM jabaki vedameM isake viparIta krama prApta hote haiN| pro. karmarkara bhI nighaNTuko kisI eka vyaktikI racanA nahIM maante| inakA kahanA hai ki nighaNTuke AraMbhika tIna adhyAyoMke racayitAse caturtha adhyAyake dvitIyapAdake racayitA bhinna mAlUma par3ate haiN| caturtha adhyAyake dvitIya pAdameM kucha aise zabda Aye haiM jo prAraMbha ke tIna adhyAyoM meM A cuke haiN| yathA- sksarANi andhaH,5 varAhaH,6 vayunam , aadi| zabdoMke prayogake AdhAra para hI inakA kahanA hai ki caturtha adhyAyake prathama khaNDa tathA tRtIya khaNDake racayitA bhinna haiN| pro. rAjavAr3e bhI nighaNTuko yAskakI kRti nahIM maante| skanda svAmI tathA jarmana vidvAn raoNtha bhI isI matake samarthaka haiN| satyavrata sAmagramI 'samAmnAya'zabdako AdhAra mAnakara hI nighaNTuko yAska kI kRtinahIM maante| inake anusAra samAmnAya anAdi vAGmaya vAcakazabda hai jo yAskake 84 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nighaNTu meM nahIM A skte| isI AdhAra para nighaNTuko brAhmaNa granthoMse bhI prAcIna mAnate haiN| uparyukta matoMkI samIkSAkI jAya to patA calegA ki ina matoMmeM kitanI upayuktatA hai| durgAcAryake dvArA upasthApita -'imaM granthaM gavAdi deva paryantaM samAmnAtavantaH' kA tAtparya nighaNTu jAti se hai| yAskakA abhiprAya hai ki isa prakArake aneka nighaNTu granthoMkA samAmnAna vibhinna AcAryoMne kiyA tathA apanI-apanI dRSTike anusAra usakA nirvacana bhI kiyaa| yAskake samayameM hI aneka nighaNTra grantha the| svayaM maharSi yAska apane niruktameM anya maharSiyoMke nighaNT granthoMse apane nighaNTkA antara batalAte haiN| yAskakA kahanA hai ki indrAya vRtraghne' indrAyavRtrature, indrAyAMhomucaiti' isa kathanameM vRtraghna, vRtratura aura aMhomuca ye tInoM zabda indrake sArthaka vizeSaNa haiN| kucha niruktakAra ina guNapadoMko bhI devatApada samAmnAyameM alaga-alaga par3hate haiN| yAska use devatA koTimeM ginate haiM jisakI pradhAnatayA stutikI gayI ho| saMjJA vAcI zabda bhI usIse mAnA jA sakatA hai| ata: yAska vizeSyako devatA mAnate haiM, vizeSaNako nhiiN| veda bhI karmokA nAma lekara devatAoMkI stuti karatA hai yathA- vRtrahA, purandara aadi| kucha nairukta una karmanAmoM ko bhI devatA samAmnAyameM ginate haiN| isa prakArake karmanAmoMke grahaNa karanese bahuta adhika devatA ho jaayeNge| ina kathanoMse spaSTa hotA hai ki nighaNTuke kartA yAska haiN| yAskane hI nighaNTrake zabdoMkA saMgraha kiyaa| dAvane, akUpArasya ke saMbaMdha meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina donoM zabdoMko svataMtra rUpa se nighaNTu meM lAyA gayA hai| donoM zabda alaga prayukta haiN| yaha bhI Avazyaka ho sakatA hai ki pUrvAcAryoMke anukaraNake AdhAra para yAskane vAjaspatyam tathA vAjagandhyama kA krama mantrase bhinna mAna liyA ho| pro. karmarkarake tarkoM ke saMbaMdhameM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai kisI prabhAva ke kAraNa ve zabda inake nighaNTu meM A gaye haiN| pANinikI aSTAdhyAyImeM bhI isa prakAra kI bAta pAyI jAtI hai| sAmagramI jI kA yaha mata ki samAmnAya anAdi vAGmaya kA vAcaka hai, ekadama nirAdhAra hai| nirukta meM svayaM maharSi yAska ne samAmnAya zabda kA prayoga nAma evaM AkhyAta ke lie gyAraha bAra kiyA hai| 'samAmnAyaH samAmnAtaH, sa vyAkhyAtavyaH 12 isa vAkya meM samAmnAya ko samAmnAna kiyA gayA yaha upayukta nahIM mAlUma par3atA, kyoMki samAmnAya use kaheMge jisakA samAmnAna kiyA gayA hai / svayaM yAska ke dvArA yaha kahanA punarukta 85 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura gAnA yAska
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________________ lagatA hai| ata: yAska hI nighaNTuke kartA haiN| isa AdhAra para mayA samAmnAyaH samAmnAta : ' aisA samajhanA upayukta hogaa| Rgvedake prasiddha bhASyakAra vaikaTamAdhava nighaNTuko yAskakRta mAnate haiN| ve Rgveda kI maMtra saMkhyA 7 / 84 / 4 kI vyAkhyAmeM likhate haiM ki pRthvIkeM 21 nAma yAskane par3hA hai| 13 madhusUdana sarasvatIne bhI zivamahimna stotrakI vyAkhyAmeM likhA hai ki AcAryoMke nighaNTu unake niruktake antargata hai tathA vartamAna samaya meM jisa nighaNTukI upalabdhi hai usake kartA bhagavAna yAska haiM / 14 mahAbhAratake mokSaparvameM varNita zlokoMse patA calatA hai ki nighaNTuke kartA yAska na hokara prajApati kazyapa haiN|15 isa varNanameM vRSAkapi zabda AyA hai| vRSAkapi zabdakA ullekha nighaNTuke pAMcaveM adhyAyameM hai| mokSaparvameM varNita zlokoMse patA calatA hai ki nighaNTu ke vyAkhyAnakartA yAska haiM 'zipi viSTeti cAkhyAyAM hInaromA ca yo'bhavat tenAviSTaM ca yatkicit zipivaSTeti casmRtaH // yAsko mAmRSiravyagro'neka yajJeSu gItavAn zipiviSTa itihyasmAt guhyanAmadharopyaham // stutvA mAM zipiviSTeti yAska RSirudAradhIH maThaprasAdAdadhonaSTaM niruktamadhijagmivAn / / " isa uddharaNa se spaSTa hai ki nighaNTuke kartA prajApati kazyapa haiM tathA yAska isake vyAkhyAkAra haiN| DA. siddhezvara varmA bhI isI matako mAnate haiN|* DA. lakSmaNasvarUpakA vicAra hai ki nighaNTu aneka AcAryoM ke parizramakA phala hai| uparyukta vivecanoMmeM donoM prakArake mata prApta hote haiM lekina nighaNTuke vyAkhyAtA maharSi yAska haiM, ise sabhI loga mAnate haiN| aneka nighaNTu granthoMkA saMketa yAskake nirukta se hI prApta ho jAtA hai| niruktake saptamAdhyAyake anusAra spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aneka nighaNTu the| 19 vedakI pratyeka zAkhAse sambaddha alaga-alaga nighaNTu grantha the isakI bhI carcA yatratatra prApta hotI hai| 20 vibhinna saMketoM ke AdhAra para lagabhaga 20 nighaNTu granthoMkA patA lagatA hai| inameM kucha to grantha rUpameM upalabdha hote haiM tathA kucha kA saMketa mAtra milatA hai / prakRta nighaNTuke racayitA yAska hI haiM kyoMki samAmnAya : samAmnAtaH ke dvArA kAryakI kramika anuvRttikA bodha hotA hai| vRSAkapi zabda jo isa 86 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nighaNTumeM haiM, ke saMbaMdha meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki prajApati kazyapane ise nighaNTumeM par3hA thaa| ataH nighaNTuke praNetA prajApati kazyapa hI haiM, sarvathA upayukta nahIM hai| yahAM yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki kazyapake nighaNTumeM yaha zabda paThita ho tathA yAska ne isase prabhAvita hokara apane nighaNTu meM saMgraha kara liyA ho| ataH yAskane pahale nighaNTukA nirmANa kiyA tadantara una zabdoMke nirvacanameM ve prayatnazIla hue| isa prakAra patA calatA hai ki jitane bhI niruktakAra hue saba nighaNTukAra bhI the| saMbhavataH isI prakAra kI paramparA rahI hogii| isake atirikta svataMtra nighaNTukAra bhI ho sakate haiM jinake grantha para niruktakI racanA kisI kAraNa vizeSase nahIM ho sakI hogii| ataH niSkarSa rUpameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki nighaNTu bhI yAskakI kRti hai| nighaNTu kI ruparekhA :- nighaNTu saMskRta bhASA kA prathama zabda koSa hai| ise vizvakA prathama zabda koSa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isase prAcIna koSa grantha kisI bhI bhASAmeM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yaha vaidika zabdoMkA saMgraha hai|21 isake do pATha prApta hote haiM, laghu pATha tathA vRhtpaatth|22 vRhatpAThameM kula zabdoMkI saMkhyA 1768 hai| laghu pATha tathA vRhatpATha meM saMkhyA tathA zailIkI dRSTise antara pAyA jAtA hai| vRhatpAThake kucha zabda laghupAThameM upalabdha nahIM hote| isI prakAra laghupAThameM upalabdha kucha zabda bhI vRhatpAThameM upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| nighaNTu pAMca adhyAyoMmeM vibhAjita hai| viSayakI dRSTi se yaha trikANDAtmaka hai| phalataH isameM tIna kANDa prApta haiM, naighaNTuka, naigama evaM daivtkaanndd| prathama se tIna adhyAya taka ke zabdoMkA saMkalana naighaNTuka kANDa kahalAtA hai, caturtha adhyAya meM saMkalita pada naigamakANDake antargata Ate haiN| isa kANDako ekapadika kANDa bhI kahA jAtA hai| nighaNTukA antima adhyAya daivatakANDake nAma se prasiddha hai| naghaNTuka kANDameM ekArthaka zabda saMkalita haiN| ise avagata saMskAra vAlA pada kahA jA sakatA hai| zabdoMke saMkalanameM suniyojita vyavasthA krama dIkha par3atA hai| zabda paridarzana ke bAda prasiddha paryAyake dvArA abhihita zabda khaNDakA avasAna hotA hai tathA vahIM usakI saMkhyA bhI dI jAtI hai| sampUrNa granthakA nAma nighaNTu hone para bhI prathama kANDakA nAma naighaNTuka kANDa kyoM? isa prakArakI jijJAsAmeM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadyapi sabhI zabdoMke saMgraha nighaNTuke antargata hI Ate haiM lekina saMgrahakI dRSTise zabdoMkA vibhAjana sarala evaM 87 * vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ viSaya nirdiSTa haiN| isI tarahakI bAta anya sthaloMmeM bhI dekhaneko milatI hai| brAhmaNa grantha karmakANDa,. upAsanA kANDa evaM jJAna kANDameM vibhAjita hai jisameM karmakANDa brAhmaNa, upAsanA kANDa AraNyaka tathA jJAna kANDa upaniSad kahalAtA hai| tInoMkA sammilita rUpa brAhmaNa grantha kahalAtA hai| usameM karmakANDakA alaga vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra nighaNTuke tInoM kANDoMke viSayAntara hone para bhI prAdhAnyena vyapadezA : bhavanti isa niyamake anusAra nighaNTu nAmakaraNa yathArtha hai| phalata: tIna adhyAyoM meM vyApta naighaNTuka kANDa prAdhAnyavyapadeza ke kAraNa hI apanA naighaNTukatva sthApita karatA hai| naghaNTuka kANDake prathama adhyAyameM 17 khaNDa haiN| ina khaNDoMmeM saMkalita zabda bhautika evaM prAkRtika vastuoMke nAma haiN| pRthvI, hiraNya, antarikSa, nabha, razmi, dik, rAtri Adi zabda pradhAna rUpameM paryAyake sAtha saMkalita haiN| isake atirikta unase sambaddha kriyAoMko dyotita karane vAle zabda bhI upalabdha hote haiN| prathama adhyAyake kala zabdoMkI saMkhyA khaNDAnusAra nimnalikhita haiM. 1 pRthivInAma 21, 2. hiraNyanAma 15, 3. antarikSanAma 16, 4. nabhanAma 6,5. razminAma 15,6. dinAma 8,7. rAtrinAma 23,8. uSasa nAma 16,9. aharanAma 12, 10. meghanAma 30, 11. vAGnAma 57, 12. udakanAma 100, 13. nadInAma 37, 14. azvanAma 26, 15.AdiSTopayojana 10, 16. jvalatikarmA 11, 17. jvalata: nAma 11, kula saMkhyA 414. nighaNTukA dvitIya adhyAya 22 khaMDoMmeM vibhAjita hai| isa adhyAyameM manuSya, manuSyake karma, usake vibhinna aMga, apatya Adike atirikta aneka prakAra kI kriyAoMke dyotaka zabda saMkalita haiN| isa adhyAyake kula zabdoMkI saMkhyA khaNDAnukrama se nimnalikhita hai : 1. karmanAma 26, 2. apatya nAma 15, 3. manuSya nAma 15, 4. vAhunAma 12, 5. aMgulinAma 22, 6. kAntikarmA 18, 7. annanAma 28, 8. attikarmA 10, 9. balanAma 28, 10. dhananAma 28, 11.. go nAma 9, 12. RdhyatikarmA10, 13. krodhanAma 11, 14. gatikarmA 122, 15. kSipranAma 26, 16. antikanAma 11, 17. saMgrAma nAma 46, 18. vyAptikarmA 10, 19. vadha karmA 33, 20. vajranAma 18, 21. aizvaryakarmA 4, 22. IzvaranAma 4, kula yoga 516. nighaNTukA tRtIya adhyAya 30 khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai| isa adhyAyameM prAya: 88 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 414 vizeSaNa saMkalita haiN| isake atirikta bhAvavAcaka zabda prazasya prajA Adi zabda paryAya tathA unase sambaddha kriyAyeM bhI saMkalita haiN| isa adhyAyakI saMkhyA khaNDAnusAra nimnalikhita haiM : 1. bahunAma 12, 2.hrasvanAma 11, 3. mahannAma 25, 4. gRhanAma 22, 5. paricaraNakarmA 10, 6. sukhanAma 20, 7. rUpanAma 16, 8. prazasyanAma 10,9. prajJAnAma 11, 10. satyanAma 6,11. pazyatikarmA 8, 12. sarvapadasamAmnAya 9, 13. upamAvAcaka 11, 14. arcatikarmA 44, 15. medhAvinAma 24, 16. stotanAma 13, 17. yajJanAma 15, 18. RtvinAma 8, 19. yAcyAkarmA 17. 20. dAnakarmA 10, 21. adhyeSaNAkarmA 4, 22. svapitikarmA 2, 23. kUpanAma 14, 24. stenanAma 14,25. nirNItAntarhita 6, 26. dUranAma 5, 27. purANanAma 6, 28. nava nAma 6, 29. dviSaduttaranAma 26, 30 dyAvApRthivInAma 24, kula 408. naighaNTu kANDa ke tInoM adhyAyoM ke zabdoMkI kula saMkhyA nimnalikhita huI : saMkhyA prathama adhyAya dvitIya adhyAya . 516 tRtIya adhyAya . 408 kula zabda saMkhyA : 1338 nighaNTu kA cauthA adhyAya aikapadika kANDa yA naigama kANDa kahalAtA hai jaisA ki pUrva pratipAdita hai| isameM saMkalita zabda naighaNTuka kANDake zabdoMkI apekSA adhika kaThina hai| ise anavagata saMskAra vAlA kahA jA sakatA hai| sampUrNa adhyAya tIna khaNDoMmeM vibhAjita hai| isake zabdoMkA krama pUrNa spaSTa nahIM mAlUma pdd'taa| caturtha adhyAyake kula zabdoMkI saMkhyA khaNDAnusAra nimnalikhita haiM :prathama khaMDa 62 dvitIya khaNDa . 84 tRtIya khaNDa kula zabda . 279 nighaNTukA pAMcavA arthAt aMtima adhyAya daivatakANDa kahalAtA hai| isa adhyAyameM devatAoM ke nAma saMkalita haiN| devatAoMkA trighA vibhAjana isI se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| prakRta 133 89 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ adhyAyameM saMkalita devatAoMke nAma pRthivI sthAnIya , antarikSa sthAnIya evaM dyusthAnIya haiN| yaha adhyAya 6 khaNDoMmeM vibhAjita hai| isa adhyAyake kula zabdoMkI saMkhyA khaNDAnusAra nimnalikhita haiM : pRthvIsthAnIya devatA nAma 2. ThaTha Tha 13 os in x s 36 antarikSasthAnIya devatAnAma antarikSasthAnIya devastrI nAma dhu sthAnIya deva nAma kula zabda saMkhyA : 151 nighaNTuke zabdoMkI saMkhyA kANDAnusAra isa prakAra hai :1. naighaNTu kANDa 1338 2. naigamakANDa 279 3. daivatakANDa 151 nighaNTuke kula zabdoMkI saMkhyA - 1768 yAskake niruktakI rUparekhA yAskakA nirukta nighaNTrakA vyAkhyAna grantha hai| maharSi yAskane ukta viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa niruktake prAraMbhameM hI kara diyA hai| jisa nighaNTukA vyAkhyAna yaha nirukta hai, vaha paMcAdhyAyI hai| pAMca adhyAya hone para bhI viSayoM kI pRthaktA ke kAraNa isameM kANDatrayAtmakatA kA AdhAna kiyA gayA hai|4 prathama naighaNTuka kANDa meM paryAya zabda, ekArthaka aneka zabda evaM ekArthaka aneka dhAtuoMkA saMgraha huA hai| ina zabdoMkI vyAkhyA nirukttake prathamase lekara tIna adhyAyoMmeM samApta hotI hai| zabdoMkA nirvacana niruktake dvitIya adhyAyameM hai| pro. rAjavAr3e kA kahanA hai ki naighaNTuka kANDameM kucha aise zabda A gaye haiM jo vaidika sAhityameM upalabdha nahIM hote| kucha zabda jinakA artha yahAM prayukta hai ina arthoMmeM vahAM ve zabda nahIM milte|25 pro. skolDa kA kahanA hai ki pahale nighaNTu nAma kevala tIna adhyAyoM ke lie huA thA jise naighaNTuka kANDa kahate haiN| jJAtavya hai naghaNTuka zabda nighaNTu zabdase nirmita hai| bAdameM calakara naigama tathA daivata kANDoMke lie bhI nighaNTu zabdakA prayoga hone lgaa|26 pro. skolDa kA vicAra bahuta aMzoMmeM 90 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ upayukta lagatA hai kyoMki 'prAdhAnyena vyapadezA: bhavanti' ke AdhAra para naighaNTuka kANDakI pradhAnatA pratilakSita hai| dUsare kANDakA nAma naigama kANDa yA aikapadika kANDa hai| isa kANDameM aise zabda saMkalita haiM jinake dhAtu evaM pratyayoMkA spaSTa pratyakSIkaraNa nahIM hotaa| yAskane aise zabdoMko anavagata saMskAravAlA zabda mAnA hai| anekArthaka zabdoMke nirvacana isI kANDameM prApta hote haiN| nighaNTukA cauthA adhyAya naigama yA aikapadika kANDa kahalAtA hai| anekArthaka evaM anavagata saMskAra yukta zabdoMkI saMkhyA 279 hai| ina zabdoMkI vyAkhyA niruktake caturtha, paMcama evaM SaSTha adhyAyoMmeM kI gayI hai| nighaNTukA aMtima kANDa daivata kANDa hai| yaha nighaNTukA pAMcavA adhyAya hai| isameM devatAoMke nAma pradhAna rUpameM saMkalita haiN| ve hI nAma yahAM upalabdha hote haiM jo vedameM pradhAna rUpameM saMstuta devatAoM ke nAma haiN|28 agni se lekara devapatnI paryanta 151 zabda haiN|29 nirukta ke 7 se 12 adhyAyoMmeM ina sabhI zabdoMkI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| niruktakI bahuta sI pratiyAM vibhinna rUpoMmeM prApta hotI haiM jinameM rUpakI vibhinnatAke sAtha-sAtha AkArameM bhI vibhinnatA hai|30 Aja taka upalabdha saMskaraNoMke anusAra kucha saMskaraNa meM 12 adhyAya, kucha meM 13 adhyAya tathA kucha meM 14 adhyAya prApta hote haiN| samprati upalabdha saMskaraNoMke samIkSaNase spaSTa hotA hai ki niruktameM caudaha adhyAya haiN| Aja caturdaza adhyAyAtmaka nirukta hI sarvamAnya haiN| niruktakA prathama adhyAya sampUrNa niruktakI bhUmikA hai| jisa prakAra mahA bhASyakI bhUmikAke rUpa meM paspazAhnika kA darzana hotA hai usI prakAra niruktakI bhUmikAke rUpameM isa prathama adhyAyako mAnA jAtA hai| saMskRta sAhityake anya bhASya granthoM meM bhI isI prakArakI rIti dIkha par3atI hai| niruktake prathama adhyAyake prAraMbhameM hI nighaNTuke zabdoMkI vyAkhyAkI jAegI, isa prakArakA pratijJA vAkya upalabdha hotA hai| isa adhyAyameM padake cAra bheda, nAma, AkhyAta, upasarga evaM nipAta tathA inake lakSaNodAharaNakA samucita vivecana prApta hotA hai| zabdoMke nityAnityatva para vibhinna AcAryoke maMtavyoMkA samupasthApana tathA yAskakA svAbhimata isa adhyAyake viSaya haiN| bhAva vivecana ke sAtha bhAva vikAra kA itanA sUkSma varNana anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotA, jitanA niruktake isa adhyAyameM varNita hai| ina saboMke atirikta isa adhyAyameM nirukta prayojana, mantroMkI sArthakatA, kANDa trayAtmakatA AdikA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yatra tatra kucha zabdoMkI nirukti bhI dI gayI hai jo nirvacanakI pUrvapIThikA hai| 91 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dvitIya adhyAyake prathama pAdameM nirvacanakI prakriyA para vicAra huA hai| isameM nirvacanake siddhAnta vaijJAnika dRSTise vivecita haiN| isI pAdameM ziSya lakSaNameM ziSyoMke guNAvaguNa para vicAra huA hai| dvitIya adhyAyake dvitIya pAdake Arambha meM atha nirvacanam kA ullekha milatA hai| isa ullekhase lagatA hai ki yaha nirvacana kA prAraMbhika sthala hai| yadyapi niruktake prathama adhyAyameM hI pRthivI Adi kucha prasiddha zabdoMkA nirvacana prApta hotA hai lekina nirvacanakI pracuratA yahIM se prArambha hotI hai| isa adhyAyameM naighaNTuka kANDake prathama adhyAyakI vyAkhyA prastutakI gayI hai / vyAkhyA kramameM sambaddha itihAsa evaM sambAdoMkA bhI upasthApana huA hai| tRtIya adhyAyameM nighaNTuke dvitIya evaM tRtIya adhyAyameM Aye hue zabdoM kA nirvacana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| aurasa putrakI zreSThatA evaM anya putroMke grahaNa kI nindA, putra evaM putrIke adhikArakA cintana, bhrAtRhIna nArIkA uttarAdhikAra, upamA vivecana evaM usake prakAra bhI isI adhyAyameM varNita haiN| isa adhyAyameM prasaMgata: kucha upAkhyAnoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| ina upAkhyAnoMse tatkAlIna samAja kA citra bahuta sundara rUpameM upasthita hotA hai. niruktake caturtha, paMcama evaM SaSTha adhyAyoMmeM nighaNTuke caturtha adhyAyakI vyAkhyA hai| ise naigama kANDa kahA jAtA hai| nighaNTuke caturtha adhyAyameM svataMtra padoM ke saMgraha hai jo anavagata saMskAra vAle haiM, tathA ise aikapadika kANDa bhI kahA jAtA hai| niruktake saptama adhyAyase daivata kANDa prArambha ho jAtA hai| jJAtavya hai nighaNTukA paMcama adhyAya daivata kANDa hai| isa saptama adhyAyameM RcAoMkI vividhatA pradhAnabhUta tIna devatAoMkI puSTi evaM devatAoMkA AkAra cintana Adi varNita hai| aSTama adhyAyameM bhI nighaNTuke daivata kANDake hI zabda vivecita haiN| isameM indra, agni, vanaspati Adike nirvacana hue haiN| navama adhyAyameM pRthvI sthAnIya devatAoMke nirvacana evaM varNana prApta hote haiN| dazama evaM ekAdaza adhyAya meM madhyama sthAnIya devatAoMkA varNana hai| dvAdaza adhyAya sthAnIya devatAoMkA nirvacana evaM varNana prastuta karatA hai| trayodaza adhyAyameM devatAoMkI stutiyAM, yajJa kA varNana, Urdhva mArgagati, AtmA, mahat AdikA varNana upalabdha hotA hai| caturdaza adhyAyameM padArtha vivecanake sAtha mAnava sRSTikA krama varNita hai| garbhAdhAna prakArase lekara utpattike kramika svarUpoMkA varNana vaijJAnika DhaMgase kiyA gayA hai| 2 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ -: saMdarbha saMketa : 1. sa ca (samAmnAyaH) RSibhirmantrArthaparijJAnAyodAharaNabhUtaH paMcAdhyAyI zAstra saMgrehabhAvenaikasminnAmnAye granthIkRta ityrthH|' - ni.du.vR. 1 / 1, 2.....imaM granthaM gavAdideva paryantaM smaamnaatvntH-ni.bhaassy-1|20, 3.ni. 4.18, 4. nigha. 4 / 2 / 22 ni: 2178,5.nigh.4|2|6 niru.27|1, 6.nigha. 4 / 2 / 21 niru. 1 / 10 / 13, 7. nigha. 4 / 2 / 48 niru. 3 / 1 / 10, 8. nirukta mImAMsA-pRSTha- 25-27, 9. ni. 7 / 3, 10. 'tAnyapyeke samAmananti / bhUyAMsi tu samAmnAnAt / yattu saMvijJAnabhUtaM syAt prAdhAnyastuti ttsmaamne| athotakarmabhirRSidevatAH stauti vRtrahA, purandara iti| tAnpyeke samAmananti bhUyAMsi tu smaamnaanaat|' ni. 7 / 3, 11. ni. 7 / 13, 12. ni. 111,13.tasyA hiyAskapaThitAni eka vizaMti nAmAni', (R0 784 / 4 kI vyAkhyA), 14. evaM nighaNTvAdayo'pi...niruktAntarbhUtA ev| tatrApi nighaNTu saMjJakaH paMcAdhyAyAtmako grantho bhagavatA yAskenaiva kRtH| (zivamahimnastotra vyAkhyA), 15. vRSo hi bhagavAn dharmaH khyAto lokeSu bhaart| nighaNTukapadAkhyAne viddhi mAM vRssmuttmm| kapirvarAhaH zreSThazca dharmazca vRSa ucyate, tasmAt vRSAkapiM prAha kAzyapo mAM prjaaptiH||' mahA.mo. pa.adhyA. 342186-87, 16. mahA.mo. pa. adhyA. 342 / 69-71, 17. The Etymologies of Yaska, 18. nighaNTu tathA nirukta bhUmikA-pR. 14, 19. 'athAtobhidhAnaiH saMyujya havizcodayati indrAya vRtrane, indrAya vRtrature indrAyAMhomuce iti| tAnyapyeke smaamnnti| bhUyAMsi tu smaamnaanaat| yattu saMvijJAnabhUtaM syAt prAdhAnyastuti ttsmaamne|' - ni.7|3, 20. 'taM ca yo'samAmnAtaH chandasyaivAvasthito'gavAdiranyai rvA nairuktaiH samAmnAtAstam imaM ca nighaNTava ityaacksste| anye'pyAcAryA iti vAkya zeSa: - durga. bhA. 1 / 1 / 1,21. 'samAmnAyaH samAmnAta...tamimaM samAmnAyaM nighaNTava ityaacksste|' 'chandobhya: samAhRtya samAhRtya samAmnAtAH - ni. 1 / 1, 22. nighaNTu tathA nirukta- bhUmikA pR. 9-10, 23. 'samAmnAya : samAmnAtaH sa vyAkhyAtavyaH tamimaM samAmnAyaM nighaNTava ityaacksste|'- ni. 1 / 1, 24. 'AdyaM naighaNTukaM kANDaM dvitIyaM naigamaM tthaa| tRtIyaM daivataMceti smaamnaaystridhaasthitH||' anukramaNikA bhASya(R.bhA.bhU. meM uddhRta) pR.45.25. Yaska's Nirukta-P.205,26. The Nirukta - by Skold., 27. nighaNTu- adhyAya-4, 28. ni. 7 / 1, 29. dra.prakRta adhyAyanighaNTu kI rUpa rekhA, 30. nighaNTu tathA nirukta - lakSmaNa svarUpa - (dra.) 93 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ paMcama adhyAya (nirvacanake AdhAra evaM yAskake nirvacana) (ka) dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra evaM yAska ke nirvacana ____dhvani :- dhvani zabda dhvan zabde dhAtuse i pratyaya karane para niSpanna hotA hai| saMskRta meM dhvani zabdakA prayoga vyApaka rUpameM huA hai| ise bhAratIya dArzanikoM evaM vaiyAkaraNoMne itanA mahatva diyA hai ki yaha bhASA tathA sAhityameM eka viziSTa aMga ke rUpameM pracalita hai| maharSi pataMjali, bhartRhari Adi manISiyoMne to sRSTikI sampUrNa prakriyAkA artha sampAdaka isI dhvaniko svIkAra kiyA hai| vaiyAkaraNoMne dhvanike lie sphoTa tatvakA pratipAdana kiyA aura kahAki padoMkA artha bodha to sphoTase hotA hai. yaH saMyoga viyogAmyAM karaNairupajanyate sa sphoTaH zabdajAH zabdAH dhvnyonyairudaahRtaaH| indriyoMke saMyoga evaM viyogase jo utpanna hotA hai vahI zabdaja zabda sphoTa hai ise hI dhvani bhI kahA jAtA hai| bhASA vijJAnameM dhvanikA tAtparya varNose hai| dhvani bhASAkI eka ikAI evaM AdhAra hai jisa para sampUrNa vAGmaya AdhArita hai| ___ aMgrejIkA phona (idahA) zabda dhvanikA pratIka hai| saMskRtakA bhaNa aMgrejI ke phona kA samAnAntara hai| saMskRta bhASAmeM dhvanikA sambandha usa vaikharI vAk se hai jisakA prayoga mAnava karatA hai| yaha vaikharI vAk hI bhASAkA viSaya hai| dhvanike lie varNa, akSara AdikA bhI prayoga hotA hai| akSarake nirvacanameM yAska kahate haiM- 'na kSarati' arthAt usakA vinAza nahIM hotA; na kSIyate' vaha kSINa nahIM hotA tathA 'akSayo bhavati' arthAt vaha akSaya hotA hai| akSarake ye nirvacana sampUrNa vAGmayake dhvani siddhAntake pradarzaka haiN| akSara yA dhvanike prasphuTanameM vAyukA yoga rahatA hai| hRdaya sthita vAyuko abhivyaktike lie uThorita kiyA jAtA hai| vAyu svara-nalikAse hokara kaNTha bhAgameM AtI hai yahAM use vibhinna uccaraNAMgoMse TakarAnA par3atA hai| pariNAmata: dhvanikI utpatti ho jAtI hai| dhvani jise akSara bhI kahA jAtA hai avinAzI evaM nitya hai| akSara ko varNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| varNa do prakAra ke hote haiM-svara tathA vyNjn| svara,jo binA kisI anya dhvaniyoM kI sahAyatA se bolA jAtA hai- zvR dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai dhvani krnaa| vyaMjana ke uccAraNa meM svara kI sahAyatA apekSita hotI hai| vyaMjana zabda vi + aja prakaTa karanA dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai prakaTa honA / vyaMjana 94 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ svarayogase prakaTa hotA hai tathA svara svayaM prakAzita hotA hai| svara zabdakA prathama prayoga RgvedameM prApta hotA hai| aitareya brAhmaNameM svarakA artha valAghAta yA sura ho gayA hai / aitareya AraNyakameM svarakelie ghoSa zabdakA prayoga huA hai| dhvani parivartana kA svarUpa :- vibhinna kAraNoMse dhvaniyoMmeM parivartana ho jAtA hai, yaha bhASA vaijJAnika satya hai tathA ise yAska bhI svIkAra karate haiN| prAya: eka parivArakI bhASAoMmeM eka bhASAse dUsarI bhASAkI dhvaniyoMmeM parivartana lakSita hotA hai| eka bhASAmeM bhI samaya, sthAna, pAtra evaM sthitike AdhAra para dhvanigata parivartana ho jAtA hai| bhAratIya niruktakAroMne dhvani parivartanake kucha siddhAntoMkA pratipAdana kiyA, hai ye siddhAnta dhvanikI parivartita avasthAoMke dyotaka haiN| dhvani parivartanakI avasthAoM meM varNAgama, varNaviparyaya, varNa vikAra, varNanAza Adi prasiddha haiN| inheM hI niruktake prakAra bhI kahate haiN| vaiyAkaraNoMne bhI inhIM siddhAntoMko svIkAra kiyA hai| haMsa zabda meM sa varNakA Agama, siMha zabdameM mUla hiMs dhAtuse niSpanna honeke kAraNa varNa viparyaya, gUr3ha-AtmAse varNa vikArake calate gUDhotmA tathA pRSatudaramse ta kA lopa hokara pRSodaram zabda niSpanna hotA hai pRSodarameM varNa nAza spaSTa hai|9 dhvani parivartana evaM yAska :- dhvaniparivartanakA siddhAnta nirukta evaM bhASA vijJAnake anusAra mAnya hai / vyAkaraNa sampradAyameM bhI isa siddhAntako svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dhvaniyAM svara evaM vyaMjana do rUpoMmeM prAdhAnyena vibhAjita haiN| svara evaM vyaMjanako varNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| vibhinna prakArake varNoMke parivartana hI dhvani parivartanake antargata draSTavya haiM (1) varNAgama :- kisI padameM koI nayI dhvanikA A jAnA varNAgama kahalAtA hai| isakA bhASAvaijJAnika pradhAna kAraNa uccAraNakI suvidhA hai| yAska zabdoMke nirvacana krama meM dhvani parivartanakA pradarzana karate haiN| varNAgama do prakArake hote haiM :- svara varNAgama evaM vyaMjana vrnnaagm| svara varNAgama punaH tIna prakArake hoMge : (ka) AdisvarAgama:- kisI zabdake pUrva svarakA Agamaho jAnA Adi svarAgama hai| eka bhASA se vikasita dUsarI bhASAmeM tathA saMyukta vyaMjanoMse Arambha hone vAle zabdoMke pUrva svarakA Agama dekhA jAtA hai| saMyukta vyaMjanase prArambha hone vAle zabdoMke uccAraNameM kAThinyake calate svarakA Agama svAbhAvika rUpameM ho jAtA hai| yadyapi yAskane AdisvarAgamakA prAsaMgika udAharaNa niruktameM prastuta nahIM kiyA hai, tathApi 95 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAraka
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________________ niruktameM prayukta evaM saMketita abhUt amavata Adi zabda svarAgama se yukta haiN| (kha) madhyasvarAgama : kisI padake madhyameM svara varNake Agamako madhyasvarAgama kahA jAtA hai| pRthvI padake madhya meM 'i' varNake Agama honese pRthivI zabda banatA hai| yAska madhyasvarAgamake udAharaNameM bharUja:11 zabdako upasthApita karate haiN| prasja pAke dhAtuse aG pratyaya karane para 'ma' varNake Age a svarake bAda 'ra' ke Age 'u' varNa kA Agama madhyasvarAgama hai| madhya svarakA Agama svara bhaktike nAmase bhI jAnA jAtA hai jisakA vaidika prayoga prAya: dekhA jAtA hai| (ga) antasvarAgama :- padake antameM svara varNake Agamako antasvarAgama kahA jAtA hai| miha secane dhAtuse niSpanna meghara zabdameM gha sthita 'a' antasvarAgama hai| isI prakAra 'Naha' bandhane dhAtuse niSpanna nAdha:13 zabdameM dha sthita 'a' bhI antasvarAgama varNAgamoMmeM svaravarNAgamakI bhAMti vyaMjanavarNAgama bhI tIna prakArake haiM : (ka) Adi vyaMjanAgama :- padake AdimeM vyaMjana varNake Agamako Adi vyaMjanAgama kahA jAtA hai| isameM prAya: padake AdimeM svarake sthAnameM vyaMjana varNakA Agama hotA hai| tadbhava zabdoMmeM Adi vyaMjanAgamake pracura udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| yathA-oSTha-hoTha meM a ke sthAna meM ha kA A jaanaa| nirukta meM Adi vyaMjanAgamakA prAsaMgika udAharaNa alpa prApta hotA hai| ad bhakSaNe dhAtuse niSpanna jagdham4 (akta) Adi pada Adi vyaMjanAgamake udAharaNameM dekhe jA sakate haiN| vRG sambhaktau se vAra meM d Adi vyaMjanAgama hokara dvAra zabda banA hai|5 aMgala zabdase maMgala evaM Ayu: se vAyu, asurase vasurako niSpanna mAnanA Adi vyaMjanAgamakA udAharaNa hai|16 / / (kha) madhya vyaMjanAgama :- padake madhyameM vyaMjana varNake Agamako madhyavyaMjanAgama kahA jAtA hai Asthat zabda as bhuvi dhAtuse niSpanna huA hai isameM asyatesthuk8 se thuk kA Agama hotA hai| yaha tha kA Agama zabdake madhya Akara madhyavyaMjanAgama kahalAtA (ga) antavyaMjanAgama :- padake antameM vyaMjana varNakA AgamaM anta vyaMjanAgama kahalAtA hai| patnI19 zabdameM nuka kA Agama anta vyaMjanAgama hai| ' (2) varNaviparyaya :- varNaviparyaya dhvani parivartana sambandhI niruktakA pRthak siddhAnta hai| isameM pada ke eka varNake sthAnameM dUsare varNakA parivartana dekhA jAtA hai| ise bhI tIna rUpoM meM dekhA jAtA hai : (ka) Adiviparyaya :- Adi viparyayameM padake Adi varNakA parivartana ho jAtA 96 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai| jyoti : 20 zabda jo dyut dIptI dhAtuse is pratyaya karane para niSpanna honA isameM da ke sthAna para ja varNa kA parivartana ho jAtA hai| yaha parivartana vANa vi ke nAmase prasiddha hai / puna: yaha parirvatana Adi varNakA hotA hai isalie ise Adi viparyaya kahA jAtA hai| anya udAharaNoM meM ghana, bindu evaM vATya zabdoMko dekhA sakatA hai| han hiMsAgatyoH dhAtumeM ha ke sthAna para gha, bhidir vidAraNe dhAtumeM bha ke sthAna para va evaM bhaT bhRttau dhAtumeM bhavarNa ke sthAna para va varNakA parivartana hA kramazaH ghana, vindu evaM vATya zabda niSpanna hote haiN| (kha) antaviparyaya :- padoMmeM antima varNakA bhI viparyaya dekhA jAtA hai | naraka zAstrameM antaviparyaya antavyApatti zabdase prakaTa hotA hai / 21 vaha prApaNe dhAtu meM gA ha varNake sthAna para gha karane para ogha:, miha secane dhAtumeM ha ke sthAna para gha karana megha:, Naha bandhane dhAtumeM ha ke sthAna para gha karanese nAdha:, vaha prApaNe dhAtumeM sthAna para dha karanese badhUH, mad tRptau dhAtumeM aMtima d varNa ke sthAna para dha karane madhu Adi zabda niSpanna hote haiN| 22 (ga) Adyanta viparyaya :- zabdake Adi evaM aMtameM varNoMkA viparyaya Ayanna viparyaya hai| zcyutir kSaraNe dhAtuse niSpanna stoka zabdameM Adi evaM anta varNakA viparyaya dekhA jAtA hai| isI prakAra sRj visarge dhAtuse niSpanna rajju, kas vikasane dhAtuse niSpanna sikatA tathA kRtI chene dhAtuse niSpanna tarku zabdameM bhI Adyanta viparyaya hai| 23 varNa viparyayake antargata alpaprANIkaraNa mahAprANIkaraNa Adi dhvani parivartanoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai jo nirukta- AdhRta hai tathA bhASA vaijJAnika mahatvase maNDita bhI hai? alpaprANIkaraNa :- isa varNaviparyayameM mahAprANa varNake sthAnameM alpaprANa varNa ho jAtA hai| bhidir vidAraNe dhAtuse niSpanna bindu tathA bhaTttau dhAtuse niSpanna bATyameM bha mahAprANa varNake sthAna para ba alpa prANa ho gayA hai| 25 isI alpaprANIkaraNake phalasvarUpa kriyAoMke dvitva hone para mahAprANa alpaprANameM parivartita ho jAtA hai| hu dhAtuse niSpanna juhoti evaM jahAra kriyA alpaprANIkaraNa kA hI pariNAma hai| yadi alpaprANIkaraNa na ho to hu dhAtuse dvitva hone para huhoti evaM hahAra kriyApada hI banegA lekina isa prakArake rUpa saMskRta bhASAmeM prApta nahIM hote| mahAprANIkaraNa :- padoMmeM alpaprANa varNoMke sthAnameM mahAprANa varNoMke parivartana 97 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ko mahAprANIkaraNa kahA jAtA hai| mad tRptau dhAtuse niSpanna madhu,25 syanda prastravaNe dhAtuse niSpanna sindhu zabda26 meM da alpaprANa kI jagaha dha mahAprANameM parivartana dekhA jAtA hai| isI prakAra gras dhAtuse niSpanna ghaMsa27 tathA skanda se niSpanna skandha28 zabdameM bhI mahAprANIkaraNa hI hai| mahAprANa varNake sthAnameM mahAprANa varNakA tathA alpaprANa varNake sthAna meM alpaprANa varNakA bhI parivartana hotA hai| jaise odha: medhaH meM ha mahAprANake sthAna para mahAprANa dha kA tathA vAdhaH, gAdhaH, vadhUH zabdoM meM mahAprANa ha ke sthAna meM mahAprANa dha kA varNa parivartana spaSTa hai|29 isI prakAra vac dhAtuse niSpanna vAk zabdameM ca alpaprANa kI jagaha ka alpaprANa kA parivartana yAskako bhI mAnya hai|30 ralayorameda: ke anusAra ra varNake sthAnameM la tathA la varNa ke sthAna meM ra kA parivartana vaidika kAlase hI dekhA jAtA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise bhI yaha siddhAnta mAnya hai tathA kSetrIya bhASAoMmeM isa prakArake parivartana bahuta dekhe jAte haiN| nirukta meM bhI yAskane isa prakArake zabdoMkA prayoga kiyA hai| urUkara zabdase niSpanna ulUkhala,31 kapiriva jIrNa: kaphijIrNa se kapiMjala,32 purUkAmase pulukAma,33 bhR bharaNe dhAtuse vilca,34 azrimat se azlIla5 Adi zabdoMmeM ra varNake sthAna para la varNakA parivartana tathA bAlavantam se vAravantam36 evaM lihanti se rihanti37 Adi zabdoMmeM la ke sthAna meM ra varNakA parivartana dekhA jAtA hai| yAska dvArA Dha varNa se ra varNakI udbhAvanA bhI svIkRta hai| amUDhaH evaM mUDhaH zabdoM ke kramaza: amUraH evaM mUra38 zabdoMkA pradarzana kara Dha varNa se ra varNake vikAsako yAska ne spaSTa kiyA hai| mUrdhanyoSma varNa Sa kA tAlaMyoSma varNa za meM parivartana prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai| kSetrIya naSAoMmeM to isake pracura udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| niruktameM bhI kRS dhAtu se niSpanna kazA39 tathA kuS dhAtuse niSpanna koza zabdakA prayoga prApta hotA hai jinameM bhanyoSma varNa kI tAlavyoSmavarNatA dekhI jAtI hai| varNa bhI dhvanyantaratA ko prApta karatA hai| R varNa bhAratake vibhinna bhAgoMmeM dhvanyantaratA ko prApta hai|sNskRtkaa uccAraNa madhyabhAratameM saMskrita uttara bhArata meM saMskrata tathA dakSiNa bhArata meM saMskruta ke aisA haiAspaSTahai R kA uccAraNakahIM a.kahIM i tathA kahIM udhvanise samanvita hai| nirukta zAstrameM bhI kra varNakA vikAsa mUlarUpameM 98 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ tIna prakArase prApta hotA hai| sRtaH zabda se zata:41 tathA kRS dhAtuse kazA Adi zabdoMmeM R varNakI dhvani 'a' sunAyI par3atI hai| punaH sRpra zabda se zipra3 RS dhAtu se ISmiNa:44 kRtavAn se kitava5 Adi zabdoMmeM R varNa kI i dhvani tathA kRnt dhAtuse kutsa,46 nicampRse nicumpuNa,77 AdR se Aduri48 Adi zabdoMmeM R varNakI u dhvani prApta hotI hai| (3) varNa vikAra :- padoMmeM eka varNake sthAnameM dUsare varNakA vikAra varNa vikAra kahalAtA hai| varNa vikAra svara evaM vyaMjana donoM vargoM meM saMbhava hai| yAskane varNa vikArameM upadhA vikArakA pradarzana kiyA hai| padoMke antima varNake pUrva varNa kI upadhA saMjJA hotI hai|49 rAjana evaM daNDin zabdoMmeM kramaza: a evaM i upadhA hai| inhIM upadhA vargoM ke dIrdhIkaraNakA pariNAma rAjA evaM daNDI pada hai|50 dIrdhIkaraNa hI yahAM varNa vikAra haiN| (4) varNanAza yA varNalopa :- padoMmeM kisI varNakA adarzana yA anupasthiti varNanAza yA varNalopa kahalAtA hai| varNa lopa svara evaM vyaMjana donoMkA hI ho sakatA hai| svaravarNa lopakI bhI tIna sthitiyAM saMbhava hai- (1) Adi svara lopa, (2) madhyasvara lopa tathA (3) antasvara lopA pada yA dhAtuke AdimeM sthita svarakA lopa Adi svara lopa kahalAtA hai| as bhuvi dhAtuse niSpanna staH, santi Adi padoMmeM dhAtu sthita Adi svarakA lopa ho gayA hai| dhAtu yA padake madhyasthita svarakA lopa madhyasvara lopa kahalAtA hai| gam dhAtuse niSpanna jagmatuH evaM jagmu :52 zabdoM meM gam dhAtustha madhyastha gakAra sthita akAra kA lopa ho gayA hai| niruktameM upadhA lopake prasaMgameM inheM upasthApita kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra kriRcaH se niSpanna tRca53 zabdameM tristhita i svarakA lopa ho gayA hai| padake antastha svarakA lopa antasvara lopa kahalAtA hai| isakA prAsaMgika udAharaNa niruktameM prApta nahIM hotaa| __vyaMjana varNa lopakI bhI tIna sthitiyAM hotI haiM- (1) Adi vyaMjana lopa, madhya vyaMjana lopa tathA antavyaMjana lop| Adi vyaMjana lopameM padAdi yA dhAtvAdisthita vyaMjanakA lopa ho jAtA hai Adi vyaMjana lopameM pANinikA- AdirbiTuDava:54 sUtra draSTavya hai| isakA artha hotA hai- dhAtuke Adi sthita tri,Tu tathA Du kA lopa ho jAtA hai, jo anubandha hai| TuvepRkampane dhAtuse vepathuH zabda niSpanna hotA hai| yahAM dhAtu sthita AdivyaMjanakA lopa ho gayA hai| yAskane Adi vyaMjana lopakA prAsaMgika udAharaNa nahIMdiyA hailekina puSkara zabda ko vapuSkara55 zabdase niSpanna mAnA hai|nishcy hI yahAM 99 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ Adi vyaMjana lopa hai| dhAtu yA pada sthita madhya vyaMjanakA lopa madhya vyaMjana lopa kahalAtA hai| isake udAharaNameM yAska ne vaidika prayogakA pradarzana kiyA hai| tattvAyAmi56 pada tat tvA yAcAmi padoMkA samudAya hai| yAcAmi sthita ca kA lopa madhya vyaMjana lopa hai| isI prakAra tri-RcaH se niSpanna tRca57 zabda meM tri sthita madhya ra vyaMjana kA bhI lopa ho gayA hai| padastha evaM dhAtustha antima vyaMjanakA lopa anta vyaMjana lopa kahalAtA hai| gam dhAtuse ktvA pratyayakarane para gatvA tathA kta pratyaya karane para gatam58 zabda niSpanna hote haiN| yahAM gam dhAtuke anta sthita vyaMjana m varNakA lopa ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra kIkaTa zabdameM (kimkR) kim sthita anta m kA lopa ho jAtA hai|59 apazruti :- kabhI-kabhI padoMmeM vyaMjana varNoMkI yathAvat sthiti rahane para bhI Antarika svara parivartanase arthameM parivartana ho jAtA hai| yaha sthiti bhASA vijJAnameM apazruti kahI jAtI hai| apazrutike lie svara vikAra, svara varNakramAvasthAna varNazreNIkaraNa, samprasAraNa Adi zabdoMkA bhI prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| aMgrejI bhASAmeM bhAvala greDezana, anlAuTa Adi zabda isake lie pracalita haiN| bharadvAjase bhAradvAja, ziva se zaiva tathA yaska se yAska zabdoMko udAharaNa svarUpa dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina padoM meM vyaMjana varNoM kI sthiti yathAvat hai tathA Adi svarameM parivartana ho gayA hai| pariNAmata: bhAradvAja zabda bharadvAjake putrakA, zaiva zabda zivadharmopAsakakA tathA yAska zabda yaska gotrApatya yA putra kA artha dhAraNa karatA hai jo prakRta arthase bhinna hai| __ apazruti do prakAra kI hotI hai- mAtrAsambaddhA evaM gunnsmbddhaa|60 mAtrA sambaddhA apazruti hrasva dIrghAtmikAke nAmase bhI abhihita hai| hsva dIrgha evaMplupta se sambaddha mAtrA hotI hai|61 guNavRddhiparivartana bhI svara se sambaddha hai| mAtrA sambandhI zabdoMmeM parivartana parimANAtmaka hotA hai| yaha parivartana guNa vRddhi evaM samprasAraNa se sambaddha hotA hai| svarase utpanna e, o evaM ar vikArako guNa kahate haiN|62 isake pradarzanameM yAskane zeva zabdako prastuta kiyA hai. zeva itisukha nAma ziSyatervakAro nAmakaraNo'ntasthAntaropaliMgI vibhASita gunnH|3shiss hiMsAyAm dhAtuse va pratyaya karane para S kA lopa tathA vikalpase guNa hokara zeva zabda banatA hai anyathA ziva hI rhtaa| guNIya parirvatanake yAskasammata udAharaNa i-e evaiH64iN dhAtu,u au ghoSa:65 dhuSdhAtu dhuSyate, ar karmankR dhAtu, karma kasmAt kriyate iti sataH,anarvanna-an+R gtau| vRddhijanya parivartana meM A,ai. 100: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ au evaM Ar vikAra parigaNita haiN| vaizvAnara zabdameM (vizva - vaizva - vaizvAnara) vaizva vRddhikA pariNAma hai / 67 vRddhijanya parivartana ke yAska sammata udAharaNa a-A-aditiH Aditya: Aditeya : 68, a- A bhaga bhAgAni a A savitR sAvitrANi 70, a-A agni Agneya71, i. ai vidyut vaidyut 7 2, u-au uttama auttamikAni73, u-au pUSam pauSNANi74, u-au uzijaH putraH auzija: 75, R Ara RSTiSeNasyaputraH ArSTiSeNa: 76 X samprasAraNa- yaN kA ik varNoMmeM parivartana samprasAraNa kahalAtA hai77 ya va ra la kA kramaza: i u R tathA lR ho jAnA samprasAraNa hai| samprasAraNakI prakriyAse yAska pUrNaparicita haiN| ya ra la va ko ardha svara mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ina varNoMkA svaroMmeM parivartana dekhA jAtA hai tathA ye sabhI svaravat kAryasampAdana karate haiN| yAska sammata isake udAharaNoMko dekhA jA sakatA hai " ya i yaj yajane iSTam, iSTvA78 va u av rakSaNe Uti, va u kvaN avyakta zabde kuNarUi: 80, va u vaz- kAntau uzija : 81 ra RR mrad-mardane mRda: 82 ra R prath prakhyApane pRthuH 3 pRthak84 ra R pruS-dAhe pRSata: 85 " dhvaniparivartanase zabdoMmeM rUpAtmaka parivartana ho jAtA hai| rUpAtmaka parivartana ke calate arthAtmaka parivartana bhI saMbhava hai| vyAkaraNameM dhvaniparivartanake siddhAnta mAnya hai| strI pratyaya, taddhita pratyaya Adike vidhAnameM dhvaniparivartana spaSTa ho jAte haiN| taddhita Adi zabdoMke nirvacanameM yAska bhI dhvanivikAra sambandhI ina siddhAntoM ko svIkAra karate haiM, jaisA ki uparyukta udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai| yAskake nirvacanoMke dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra-nirvacana vyutpattikI vaha prakriyA hai jo zabdoMke arthAvabodhake lie usake utsa kA anveSaNa karatA hai| zabdoMmeM eka athavA eka se adhika artha vidyamAna rahate haiN| arthoMke calate hI zabda prANavAna mAnA jAtA hai, anyathA use nirarthaka mAnakara sAhityase vahiSkRta kara diyA jaataa| anarthaka zabdoMke prayogase sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi nahIM ho sktii| dhvani zabdakI laghu ikAI hai| dhvaniyoMkA samanvita rUpa zabda haiN| zabda kisI bhI bhASAkA AdhAra hotA hai| zabdoMke binA na to arthakI kalpanAkI jA sakatI hai aura na hI sAhityakI / 86 saMketAdikAarthabodha ke kAraNa hotehue bhI sAhitya meM usakA zabdoMse hI pratipAdana saMbhava hai| dhvanike binA zabdoMkI kalpanAbhI saMbhava nahIM / dhvani aura zabdameM 101: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ avinAbhAva sambandha haiN| dhvaniko zabdakA vaha bhautika rUpa mAnA gayA hai jisameM artha rUpa prANako Azraya milatA hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra nirvacanakA sarvAdhika sazakta AdhAra hai Adhunika bhASA vijJAnameM to dhvanikI hI prAthamikatA prApta hai| arthAt nirvacanakI prakriyAmeM dhvanyAtmaka AdhArakI upekSA yuktisaMgata nahIM mAnI jaatii| yAskake nirvacanoMmeM bhI dhvaniko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai lekina zabdoMke arthAnveSaNa tathA artha vinizcayameM yAskane dhvanikI upekSA bhI kI hai| inhoMne arthako hI pradhAna mAnA hai, zabdako gaunn| inake anusAra nirvacana kramameM jahAM arthakI saMgati na ho vahAM para bhI arthakI pradhAnatAke anusAra kisI kriyAkI samAnatAse nirvacana kara lenA caahie|87 jahAM kisI kriyAkI bhI samAnatA na rahe vahAM kisI svara vyaMjanakI samAnatAke AdhAra para bhI nirvacana kara lenA caahie| nirvacanameM vyAkaraNakI prakriyA kI avahelanA bhI ho to yAska ko isakI cintA nhiiN|88 arthakI pradhAnatAke calate hI yAskake nirvacanoMkA sarvatra dhvanyAtmaka aucitya dRzya nahIM hotaa| yAskake nirvacanoMke parizIlanase spaSTa hotA hai ki inake kucha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka AdhArase pUrNa saMgata haiN| jina zabdoMke artha zabda nihita kriyAke arthase pUrNa sAmya rakhate haiM una nirvacanoMmeM dhvanikI pUrNa rakSA huI hai tathA unakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra sarvathA saMgata hai| nirukta sampradAya nirvacana prakriyAko adhika mahattva detA hai nirvacana prakriyAke anusAra varNAgama, varNa viparyaya, varNavikAra, varNa nAza tathA dhAtuoMkA arthAtizaya yoga89 pAMca siddhAnta mAnya haiN| yadyapi nirvacanake ye pAMca prakAra mUla rUpameM dhvani ko hI AdhAra mAnate haiN| ye sabhI prakAra dhvanise sAkSAt sambandha rakhate haiM phira bhI kisI bhI zabdake anusandhAnameM vividha nirvacanoMkA upasthApana dhvanyAtmaka rakSA meM sarvatra saphala nahIM hotaa| nirvacanake pAMca prakAra dhvaniparivartanakI avasthAko saMketa karate haiN| bhASA vijJAnato dhvani parivartanakI sImAoMse Abaddha hokara calatA hai jabaki niruktAnumodita dhvaniparivartana nirvacana siddhAntake dIrgha AyomoMmeM Abaddha hai| dhvanyAtmaka mahattva vAle nivarcanoMko yathA sthAna nirvacanake kramameM dikhalAyA jaaegaa| -:saMdarbha sNket:-1.khnikssyjysivsivnisnidhvnigrnthclimyshc-unnaa.4|138,2. 102: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anAdinidhanaM brahma zabda tatvaM ydkssrm| vivartate'rthabhAvena prakriyA jagato yata: / / vA.pa. 1 / 1, 3. vAkyapadIyam - 1 / 102, 4. ni. 13,5. pA.zi. 6,7,9,6. svayaM rAjante svarAH, anvag bhavati vyaMjanamiti svayaM rAjanta itisvarAH- mahAbhASya 1 / 2 / 30, 7. bhASA vijJAna- (bholAnAtha) pR 308, 8. tasya yAni vyaMjanAni taccharIram yo ghoSaH sa AtmA-ai.A., 9. varNAgamo varNaviparyayazca dvau cAparau varNavikAranAzau dhAtostadarthAtizayena yogastaducyatepaMcaviMdhaM niruktm|. (ni.du. vR. 1|1|1|pR. 5), bhavedvarNAgamAddhaMsa : siMho varNaviparyayAt gUDho tmA vrnnaavikRtervrnnnaashaatpRssodrm|| (assttaa.6|3|109 kI vyAkhyA-si.ko. pR.101). 10. ni. 63, ka. 4 / 34 / 3, 11. ni. 211, 12. ni. 2 / 1, 13. ni. 2 / 1, 14. ni. 41, 15.ni. 2 / 1, 16. ni. 9 / 1, 10 / 1, 103, 17. ni. 21, 18. aSTA. 7 / 4 / 17, 19. ni. 25, 9 / 3, 20, ni. 21, 21. athApi antavyApattiH bhavati ni. 21, 22. ni. 22, 23. athApi Adyantaviparyayo bhavati-stokaH, rajju:sikatA tarkuriti (ni. 2 / 1), 24. vargANAM prathamatRtIyapaMcamA: prathamatRtIya yamau yaralavAzcAlpaprANA: anye mahAprANA: (si.kau . saMjJAprakaraNa), 25. ni.2|1,26. ni. 9 / 2, 27. ni. 614,28. ni. 6 / 4, 29. ni. 2 / 1, 30. ni. 217, 31.ni.65, 32. ni.3|4, 33.ni.6|1.34. ni. 14,35. ni. 65, 36. ni. 16, 37. ni. 10 / 4, 38. ni. 6 / 2, 39. ni. 9 / 2, 40.ni.54,41.ni.34, 42.ni. 9 / 2,43. ni.64,44.ni.4|2, 45.ni.5|4,46.ni.32,47.ni.5|3,48.ni.66,49. alo'ntyAt pUrva upadhA-aSTA 1 / 165, 50. athApyupadhAvikArobhavati rAjAdaNDIti- ni.2|1, 51. athApyasternivRtisthAneSu Adilopo bhavati-sta: sntiiti-ni.2|1, 52. athApyupadhAlopo bhavati-jagmatuH jagmuriti- ni. 2 / 1, 53. ni. 2 / 1, 54. aSTA. 1|3|5,55.ni.5|3.56.ni.2|1,57.ni.2|1,58. athApyantalopomavatigatvA gatamiti-ni. 211, 59. kIkaTA: kiMkRtA- ni.66, 60. bhASA vijJAna (bhonA.ti.) pR. 405, 61. yAjJavalkya zikSA -zloka-15, 62. adeGguNaH aSTA. 1 / 1 / 2, 63. ni. 10 / 2, 64. ni. 12 / 3, 65. ni. 9 / 1, 66. ni. 1 / 6, 44, 67. ni. 2 / 4, 68. ni. 76, 69. ni. 76, 70. ni. 76, 71.ni. 16, 72. ni. 14, 7 / 3,73. ni. 7 / 6, 74. ni.63,75. ni. 63, 76. ni. 2 / 3, 77. igyaNaH samprasAraNam- aSTA. 1 / 1 / 44, 78. 103: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ni. 211, 79. ni. 211, 80. ni. 6 / 3, (.1. ni. 2 / 1, 82. ni. 211, 83 ni. 5 / 4, 84. ni. 2 / 1, 85. ni. 211, 86 . zabdArthoM kAvyam-bhAmaha, 87. ni. 2 / 1, 88. ni. 2 / 1, 89. ni.du.vR. 1 / 1 / 1 pR. 5 (kha) arthAtmaka AdhAra evaM yAskake nirvacana artha :- artha zabda R gatau dhAtu se than pratyaya karane para niSpanna hotA hai yA artha upayAMcAyAma dhAtu se ghatra pratyaya karane para banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskane artha zAdakA nirvacana prastuta karate hue kahA hai. artho'rte'raNastho vA arthAt artha zabda ke gatau bhatuse yA assthA dhAtuoM se niSpanna hai| R gatau dhAtuse niSpanna mAnane para yAcakoMke dvArA usake pAsa jAyA jAtA hai tathA asthAse niSpanna mAnane para maraneke bAda yaha yahIM raha jAtA hai, aisA artha karanA hogaa| dhana ke sambandha meM uparyukta donoM nirvacana upayukta haiN| samAnatAke AdhAra para padArtha bhI isI prakAra mAne jaayeNge| maNDakopaniSad rUpako artha mAnatA hai| vahAM nAma padase zabdAtmaka tathA rUpa padase arthAtmaka jagat kA grahaNa hotA hai|5 zabdoccAraNa kAlameM jisa arthakI pratIti hotI hai vahIM usakA zabdArtha hotA hai| agni zabdake uccAraNa karane para dahanakAgni kA sampratyaya hotA hai| ata: agnikA artha dahana karma mAnA jaaegaa| yadi zabda bhASAkA vAhya rUpa hai to artha usase udabhAsita hone vAlA lAvaNya, zabda bhASAkA zarIra hai to artha usa zarIrameM rahane vAlI AtmA, zabdako agara puSpa mAne to usameM rahane vAlA sugandha usakA artha hai| zabdakA mahattva usake arthake kAraNa hI hai| zabdakA vAhya rUpa jo upasthita hotA hai vaha na to satya hai aura na upayogI hii| jisa prakAra AtmAke binA zarIra evaM sugandhake binA puSpa mahattvahIna haiM usI prakAra arthake binA zabda bhI mahattvahIna hai| zabdameM rahane vAlI bhAvanA satya evaM upayogI hai| isa bhAvanAko bhAvita karaneke lie hI kisI zabdako prayogameM lAyA jAtA hai| anarthajJa vANIko dekhatA huA bhI nahIM dekhatA tathA sunatA huA bhI nahIM suntaa|" arthAt arthajJAnake abhAvameM vaha zabdoMse lAbha nahIM uThA paataa| zabdakI nityatAkA kAraNa usakI arthAtmakatA hai prayogAtmakatA yA cirasthAyitva nhiiN| yadi zabdakI arthagata upayogitAko nikAla diyA jAe to usa zabda aura zora meM koI antara nahIM raha jaaegaa| arthavadadhAturapratyayaH prAtipadikam ke dvArA pANinine bhI zabdakI arthavattAko svIkAra kiyA hai| vibhaktiyoMkA yoga bhI usakI arthAtmaka zaktiyoMko nahIM bdltaa| 204: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcAyaM yAska
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________________ ye vibhaktiyAM to eka saMskAra mAtra hotI haiM jisake calate zabda prayogArha bana jAte haiM, pada bana jAte haiN| bhartRhari bhI arthako hI mUla mAnate haiM tathA zabdako arthakA Azraya mAtra svIkAra karate haiN| prayoktA apane abhidheyArthakI spaSTatAke lie evaM grahItA usake dvArA prayukta artha kI upalabdhike lie zabdakA Azraya grahaNa karatA hai / 9 zabdakI vyApakatA usakI AkRtike kAraNa nahIM hotI balki arthavistArake kAraNa hotI hai| jesparsanakI mAnyatA hai ki prayoktA evaM grahItAke madhya sthita vyApArako samajhaneke lie una donoMkI gatividhi evaM autsukyakA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka Tai10 yAskane arthako mUla mAnA hai| artha nitya: parIkSeta " ke dvArA arthakI ora spaSTa saMketa kiyA hai| zabdakA vAhya rUpa bhramAvaha ho sakatA hai yA usake sAtha sambaddha honese pratyayAdi saMskAra bhI isI prakAra hamAre samakSa A sakate haiN| zabda rUpa ko kevala mAdhyama kahA jA sakatA hai| nirvacanakA uddezya zabda sthita arthakA udghATana karanA hotA hai jisako yAskane bhI pradhAnatA dI hai| mantroMmeM arthavattA nirdhAraNa ke avasara para arthavanta: zabda sAmAnyAt 12 kaha kara inhoMne samagra vaidika evaM laukika zabdoMko arthavAn maanaa| ve usa zabdajJako jo arthajJa nahIM hai, vyartha bhAra Thone vAlA sthANukI saMjJA dete haiN|13 artha zUnya zabdajJako agnise rahita zuSka indhanakI bhAMti mAnate haiM jo kabhI jalatA nahIM, kabhI prakAzita nahIM hotA / 14 bhASA vijJAnameM artha vijJAnakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yAska artha vijJAnake kSetrameM pradhAna AcArya haiN| prAcIna kAlameM bhAratameM hI artha vijJAnakA vivecana prastuta karate hue AcArya yAska ne apanA sthAna sthira kiyA / 15 zabdoMke arthameM parivartana hote haiM yaha bhASA vijJAnakA bhI mAnya siddhAnta haiN| kisI zabdakA prArambhika artha kAlAntarameM kAraNa vizeSake calate parivartita ho jAtA hai, yaha artha parivartanakA siddhAnta hai| jaise- vaidika kAlameM mRgazabda sAmAnya pazuke arthameM prayukta thaa| mRgyate anviSyate itimRga:arthAt AkheTameM pazuoMkA anveSaNa hotA thA yahI kAraNa hai ki AkheTake lie mRgayAzabdakA prayoga hone lagA / kAlAntarameM yajJa Adike lie hariNa pazu ke carmakA vizeSa upayoga honeke calate sAmAnya pazuoMkI apekSA hariNakA AkheTa adhika hone lagA hogA tathA yaha zabda sAmAnya pazu vAcaka na rahakara hariNake lie rUr3ha ho gyaa| Aja mRgakA artha hariNa liyA jAtA hai na ki sAmAnyapazu / yadyapi sAmAnya pazuvAcaka artha mRgendra, mRgarAja, mRgayA AdizabdoMmeM abhI bhI 105 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ surakSita hai| bhASA vijJAnameM artha parivartana artha vikAsake nAmase bhI jAnA jAtA hai| sAmAnya rUpameM artha vikAsakI tIna sthitiyAM haiM-arthavistAra, arthasaMkoca tathA arthAdeza / artha vistAra :- zabdake artha vistArameM prAraMbhika artha yA sAmAnya artha anya arthako bhI abhivyakta karatA hai| anya arthokA prakAzana guNasAdRzya, karmasAdRzya Adi ke AdhAra para hotA hai| jaise-niruktameM prApta hotA hai ki payaH zabda pAna sambaddha hone ke calate yA pIye jAne ke kAraNa dugdhakA vAcaka hai lekina jalameM pIyamAnatA hone ke kAraNa jalako bhI payaH kahA jAne lagA / 16 payodhi zabdameM jala artha abhI surakSita hai| puna: medhakA paryAya payodhara zabda hai jisameM jala artha spaSTa hai| isI prakAra kSIra17 zabda kSaraNa kriyAke calate dugdhakA artha rakhatA hai| lekina kSaraNa samAnatAke kAraNa kAlAntarameM kSIra zabda jalakA bhI vAcaka ho gyaa| isI prakAra artha vistArake udAharaNa meM nirukta se ahi : 18, razmi Adi zabdoMko liyA jA sakatA hai| artha saMkoca :- isake anusAra prakRta artha kisI kAraNa vizeSake calate kisI eka kSetrameM saMkucita ho jAtA hai| yathA-nAkara zabdakA artha thA nahaakaH arthAt jahAM duHkha nahIM ho lekina yaha zabda svargake arthameM saMkucita ho gayA hai| duHkha se rahita sthAna aneka the lekina unameM svargakI pradhAnatAke calate nAka zabda svargake lie hI rUr3ha ho gayA hai| isI prakAra rAjan 21 zabda rAjatva viziSTa guNa ke calate vividha padArthoM yA saMjJAke rAjatva rahane para bhI bhUpAlake lie saMkucita ho gayA hai| vedameM varUNa Adi devatAoMke lie bhI rAjan zabdakA prayoga huA hai / 22 jabaki Aja bhUpAlake arthameM rUr3ha hai| isI prakAra niruktameM inake atirikta hiraNyaM, mRgaH, gau, pati, kalyANa Adi zabda artha saMkocake udAharaNa meM dekhe jA sakate haiM! imaM me gaMge yamune23 ...isa niruktodhRta vaidika mantra meM gaMgA zabda gamana vizeSa ke kAraNa sAmAnya rUpameM pravAhayukta nadIkA vAcaka hai lekina yaha zabda kAlAntarameM mandAkinIke lie rUr3ha ho gyaa| arthAdezaH-arthAdeza zabdakA artha parivartita hokara kisI dUsare artha meM rUr3ha ho jAtA hai| jaise grAmameM utpanna honevAle yA rahane vAleko grAmya kahA jA sakatA hai jo grAmINa kA vAcaka hai lekina grAmya zabda mUrkhake artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai| gAMvameM rahanevAle vyaktiyoM kI zikSA dIkSA samucita rUpa meM nahIM hotii| ve loga zahara ke vyaktiyoM kI apekSA alpajJAna vAle hote haiN|prdhaantaa alpajJoM kI hI hotI hai, ata: ve loga grAmya kahe jAte 106 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ haiN| grAmya zabdameM mUrkhatA arthakI abhivyaMjanA hai| karma zabdakA artha hotA hai jo kiyA jAe lekina niruktameM yaha zabda arthake lie prayukta huA hai| gati karmAdhAtu kA artha hogA gatyarthaka dhAtu / punaH etAvanta: samAna karmANo dhAtava: 24 meM samAnArthaka dhAtavaH kA artha abhipreta hai| evamevopekSitavyam 25 kA prayoga niruktameM dekhA jAtA hai jisakA artha hotA hai - isa prakAra isakI parIkSA karanI cAhie yA ise dekhanA caahie| lekina Aja upekSitavyam kA artha ho gayA hai upekSA karanI caahie| yaha arthAdeza hai| asura zabdakA prayoga RgvedameM hI rAjA varuNake lie huA hai / 26 sAyaNa bhASyameM asura zabdakA artha aniSTa kSepaNazIla kiyA gayA hai| kAlAntarameM yaha zabda suravirodhI daityakA vAcaka ho gayA hai jo arthAdeza hai| yAskane niruktameM asura zabdakA nirvacana do prakArase kiyA hai| devavAcaka asurake lie asuratvaM prajJAvatvaM vA anavatvaM vA / api vA'suriti prajJAnAm astyanarthAn, astAzcAsyAmarthAH vsurtvmaadiluptm| 27 isa prasaMgameM durgavRttimeM kahA gayA hai ki devatAoMkA mahAn asuratva hai prajJAvatva haiN|28 punaH suravirodhI daityake arthameM- asurA-asuratA : sthAneSu astA: sthAnebhya iti vA api vA'suriti prANa nAma tena tadvanta:29 arthAt asura vaha hai jo kisI sthAna para na Thahare yA jo sabhI sthAnoM se bhagAye jaaeN| asu prANakA bhI nAma hai isase vaha yuktahotA hai| artha parivartanameM arthotkarSa tathA arthApakarSa nAmaka do prakAra kI sthitiyAM dekhI jAtI haiN| arthotkarSameM deva Adi zabdoMko tathA arthApakarSameM asura Adi zabdoMko dekhA jA sakatA hai| deva zabda ArambhameM dyotana guNa viziSTake kAraNa sUryAdi dyutizIlakA vAcaka thA jo kAlAntarameM arthotkarSako prApta hokara sabhI devatAoMke lie prayukta hone lgaa| isI prakAra asura zabda pahale devakA bhI vAcaka thA jo kAlAntarameM arthApakarSake calate suravirodhI daityakA vAcaka ho gyaa| sAhitya zAstra meM abhidhA lakSaNA evaM vyaMjanA vRttiyAM kramaza: abhidheyArtha, lakSyArtha tathA vyaMgyArtha ko dyotita karatI haiN| nirukta meM abhidheyArtha kA prayoga adhika huA hai| lakSyArtha ke udAharaNoM meM kambojA : 30 zabda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai jo kamboja dezavAsI puruSoM ke lie rUr3ha ho gayA hai| puna: gau31 zabdakA artha godugdha, gocarma Adi lakSaNA ke calate hI mAnA jaaegaa| nirukta meM lakSaNA ke lie bhakti zabda kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / 32 bhakti zabda kA prayoga yAskane amukhyArthameM kiyA hai| indrapAna zabdakA abhidheyArtha hai indrake pAnArtha diyA gayA pAtra / yaha pAtra anya devatAoMke lie bhI prayukta hotA hai i 107 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAsya "
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________________ amukhyArtha hI kahA jaaegaa| vAkya, prakaraNa, aucitya, deza, kAla Adi se bhI zabdArtha vibhAjita hote haiN| punaH saMyoga, viprayoga, sAhacarya, virodha, artha (prayojana), prakaraNa, liMga, anya zabdasannidhi, sArUpya Adi bhI artha niyamana karate haiM / 34 vyAkaraNa, upamAna, koSa, AptavAkya, vyavahAra, vAkyazeSa, sannidhi tathA padasiddhi bhI artha niyamanameM sahAyaka haiM / 35 niruktameM ye sAre arthaniyAmaka tattva yathAkrama varNita nahIM haiN| lekina nimnalikhita artha niyAmaka tattvoMko artha niyamana ke prasaMga meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai| vyAkaraNa :- vyAkaraNakI dRSTise zabda do prakAra ke hote haiM- vyutpanna evaM avyutpnn| niruktakArayAskakA vicAra hai ki vyutpanna zabdoMkA nirvacana vyAkaraNa paddhatike anusAra hI kara lenA caahie| phalataH vyAkaraNa paddhatike anusAra arthakA prakAza yAskAnumodita hai| 36 koSa :- yAskake samayameM koSa zAstra nAmaka svataMtra zAstra nahIM thA, . kyoMki usa samaya ke kisI bhI koSagranthakI upalabdhi nahIM hotI / koSazAstrakA AraMbhika rUpa nighaNTu nAmaka graMtha hI thA / yadyapi nighaNTu granthoMkI saMkhyA aneka ho sakatI hai| yAskakA nirukta bhI nighaNTu granthakI vyAkhyA hai| nighaNTumeM ka zabdoMkA saMgraha hai| isameM zabdoMkA saMgraha prakaraNAnurUpa evaM viSayAnurUpa huA hai| prakaraNAnurUpa evaM viSayAnurUpa zabdoMke saMgrahase arthaprakAzana bhI hotA hai| jaise-gau Adi pRthivI ke ikkIsa nAma haiN|37 jAtarUpa Adi hiraNya ke pandraha nAma haiM / 38 isa prakAra gau pramRti zabda pRthivIke arthako prakaTa karate haiM tathA jAtarUpa pramRti zabda hiraNyake arthako prakaTa karate haiN| AptavAkya :- arthaniyAmaka tattvoMmeM AptavAkyake mahattva kA spaSTIkaraNa yAskake puruSa vidyA nityatvAt karmasampattimaMtro vede39 ke dvArA ho jAtA hai| punaH asakSAtkRtadharmA vyaktiyoMne sAkSAtkRta dharmA RSiyoMse mantroMkA upadeza grahaNa kiyA / 40 spaSTa hai AptavAkyakA artha viniyamanameM mahattvapUrNa yoga hai| sAmpratika zabdoMke artha AptAnumodita honeke calate hI prayogArha haiN| sAdRzyaH-nAmake AdhAra nirdhAraNa meM sAdRzya bhI kAraNa haiM / nirvacanake kramameM sAdRzyako bhI yAska mahattva dete haiN| azvake bAhumUlako kakSa kahA jAtA hai| azvake bAhumUlakI samAnatAke AdhAra para manuSyake bAhumUlako bhI kakSa kahA jAtA hai| 41 isI prakAra kSIra zabda dugdha kA vAcaka hai kyoMki isa meM kSaraNa kriyA kI samAnatA hai / 42 isa prakAra 108 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ niruktameM aneka zabda sAdRzyake AdhAra para vivecita haiN| prakaraNa :- arthavinizcayameM prakaraNakI bhUmikA mahattvapUrNa haiN| nirvacanake kramameM bhI prakaraNakA dhyAna rakhanA par3atA hai| devatAoMkA nirvacana yAska prakaraNAnurUpa karate haiM kyoMki devatAgaNa apane guNakarmAdike kAraNa aneka nAma dhAraNa karate haiN|43 vibhinna devatAoMke vizeSaNameM karma sAdRzyake AdhAra para samAnatA rahatI hai| vahAM arthakA vinizcaya prakaraNake anurUpa hotA hai| upamA :- niruktameM upamAke prasaMgameM gArgyakA mata uddhRta hai- yadattatsadRzamiti gArgya:44 arthAt jo vaha nahIM hai usake sadRza hai, ko upamA kahA jAtA hai| varNopamA ke udAharaNameM niruktameM prayukta hiraNya - rUpa45 zabdako dekhA jA sakatA hai| upamA ke dvArA artha prakAzana zabda zAstra evaM darzanazAstrameM bhI mAnya hai| luptopamA ke prasaMgameM yAska niruktameM kahate haiM-atha luptopamAnyarthopamAnItyAcakSate / siMhovyAghra itipuujaayaam| zvA kAka iti kutsAyAm / 46 upamAke lie prayukta siMha evaM vyAghra zabda pUjA yA pratiSThAke arthako dyotita karate haiM yathA- puruSasiMha, puruSavyAghra Adi / isI prakAra zvA evaM kAka zabda nindA arthako dyotita karate haiN| yathA nara zvA evaM nara kAka Adi / vyavahAra :- artha vinizcayakA mahattvapUrNa AdhAra vyavahAra bhI hai| yAskakA kahanA hai ki zabda jaba vyavahArameM Ate haiM tabhI vicArake yogya hote haiM / 47 lokameM prayukta nAma vyavahArake lie hI hote haiM / 48 zabdoMke artha pracalanameM vyavahAra isI prakAra apanA sthAna rakhatA hai| dezabheda:- artha vinizcayameM deza bhedakA bhI prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| eka hI zabda eka dezameM kisI artha meM prayukta hotA hai to dUsare dezameM bhinna arthameM / yAskane niruktameM spaSTa kiyA hai ki prakRti eka sthAnameM bolI jAtI hai tathA vikRti dUsare sthaanmeN| gati artha vAlA zava dhAtukA prayoga kamboja dezameM hotA hai tathA isase bane zabda zavakA prayoga Arya dezameM hotA hai| kambojameM zava jAnA arthameM prayukta hotA hai lekina AryadezameM zava mRtadehake artha meM / isI prakAra dA dhAtu kATanA artha meM prAcya deza tathA isase banA zabda dAtra kA prayoga udIcya dezameM hotA hai / 49 yAska ke nirvacanoM kA arthAtmaka AdhAra :- artha zabdakA Atmika rUpa hai| nirvacana zAstra kA mUla prayojana hai zAbdika arthoM kA vinizcaya / zabda ke vividha arthoM ke utsakA anveSaNa hI isakA uddezya hai| kisI zabda ke 109 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ pracalita arthake AdhArakI puSTimeM hI vividha dhAtuoMkI kalpanAkI jAtI hai cAhe isa kalpanAkA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra surakSita raheM yA nhiiN| AcArya sAyaNane bhI niruktako spaSTakarate hue kahAki-arthake avabodhameM nirapekSa rUpase kathita padajAta nirukta hai|50 yAskane vaidika zabdoMke saMgraha nighaNTuke zabdoMkA nirvacana kiyA hai| zabda sAmAnyake anusAra isake adhisaMkhya zabda laukika saMskRtameM bhI prayukta hote haiN| zabdoMke nirvacanameM arthakI pradhAnatA dI gayI hai| usa nirvacanase kyA lAbha jisase zabda sthita arthakA prakAzana nahIM hotaa| phalataH zabdoMke nirvacanameM arthAtmaka AdhAra mahattvapUrNa hai yAska dhvanyAtmaka AdhArakI apekSA arthAtmaka AdhArako adhika mahattva dete haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve sabhI prayukta zabdoMke arthako vinizcaya kara pAte haiN| yadyapi Ajake pariprekSyameM zabdoMke arthoM meM parivartana bhI ho gayA hai| isake calate yAskake kucha nirvacana arthAtmaka AdhAra se bhI pUrNa saMgata pratIta nahIM hote| lekina lagatA hai yAskake samayameM ve hI artha hoMge jisakA AdhAra mAnakara unhoMne nirvacana kiyA hai| arthAtmaka mahattvase sambaddha pracura udAharaNa nirvacana kramameM pradarzita hoNge| -: saMdarbha saMketa : 1. uNA :2 / 4, 2. assttaa.3|3|19, 3. ni.1|6, 4. tatsAmAnyAditaro'pi zabdArtho'rtha ucyte-ni.du.vR.1|6, 5. tasmAdetad brahmanAma rUpamannaM ca jAyate . muNDa. 1 / 1 / 9, 6. yasmiMstUccarite zabde yadA yo'rthaH prtiiyte| tamAhurarthaH tasyaiva nAnyadarthasya lkssnnm|| vA. 2 / 327-328, 7. R.saM. 1071 / 4, 8. aSTA. 1 / 2 / 45,9. yathA prayoktuH prAgbuddhiH zabdeSveva prvrtte| vyavasAyo grahItRNAmevaM teSveva jaayte|| vA. 1 / 53, 10. philasAphI Apha laigveja- pR 17, 11. ni. 2 / 1, 12. ni. 2 / 1, 13. ni. 1 / 5, 14. ni. 116, 15. ese da simAntika mAikela vrIla mahodaya kA artha vijJAna para bhASA vijJAnameM prathama pustaka 1898 i. meM prakAzita huI hai| hi.ni.bhU. (RSi) pR. 45, 16. payaH pivatervA pyAyatervA-ni. 212, 17. kSIraM kSaraNAt- ni. 2 / 2, 18. ni. 25, 19. ni. 2 / 2,5, 20. ni. 2 / 4, 21. ni. 2 / 1, 22. R. 1 / 24 / 14, 23. ni. 116, R. 1075 / 5, 24. ni. 1 / 6, 25.ni. 115, 26. ava te helo varUNa namobhiH...R. 1 / 24 / 14, R. 1 / 35 / 10, R. 1 / 357 AdimeM bhI asura zabda devatAkA vAcaka hai|, 27. ni. 10 / 3. 28. ni.du.vR. 10 / 3, 29. ni. 3 / 2, 30. ni. 2 / 1, 31. R. 9 / 46 / 4, 32. ni. 110: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 8 / 1, 33. ni. 8 / 1, 34. vAkyAt prakaraNAdarthAdaucityAd dezakAlataH / zabdArthA: pravibhajyante na rUpAdeva kevalAt // saMyogo viprayogazca sAhazcarya virodhitA / arthaprakaraNaM liMgaM zabdasyAnyasya sannidhiH / bhedapakSe'pi sArUpyAdbhinnArthA : pratipattiSu niyatAyAntyabhivyakti zabdA: prakaraNAdibhi: / / (vA. pa. 314-16), 35. zaktigrahaM vyAkaraNopamAna koSAptavAkyAt vyvhaartshc| vAkyasya zeSAt vivRtervadanti sAnnidhyataH siddhapadazca vRddhAH / / (siddhA. mu. zabda khaNDa kA. 81 ( vyA pra .), 36. tadyeSu padeSu svarasaMskArau samarthau prAdezikena guNena anvitau syAtAm, tathA tAni nirbrUyAt / (ni. 211), 37. nighaNTu- 1 / 1, 39. ni. 1/1, 40. ni. 16,41. ni. 211, 42. kSIraM kSarate ...ni. 22, 43. mahAbhAgyAt devatAyA eka eva AtmA bahudhA stUyate / ni. 7 / 1, 44. ni. 3 / 3, 45. ni. 3 / 3, 46. ni. 3 4 47. athApi niSpanne abhivyAhAre abhivicArayanti ni. 211, 48. ni. 919, 49. ni. 219, 50. arthAvabodhe nirapekSatayA padajAtaM yatroktaM tanniruktam - (R.bhA.mU.)- sAyaNa / (ga) dRzyAtmaka AdhAra aura yAskake nirvacana samagra sAhitya zabda evaM arthake Upara AdhArita hai| nirvacana zAstra bhI mUla rUpameM zabda evaM artha para hI AdhArita hai jisameM zabdoMke arthakI khoja prAdhAnyena vivikSita hotI hai| artha khojakI dizAmeM vibhinna AdhAra apanAe jAte haiM kyoMki kisI bhI zabdameM artha nihita honeke kAraNa avazya hote haiN| kisI bhI bhASAke zabda deza kAlakI sthitiyoMse prabhAvita rahate haiN| ina sthitiyoMkA paridarzana usa zabdake arthAnusandhAnameM bhI apekSita hotA hai / kucha zabda aise hote haiM jinakA AdhAra rUpAtmaka yA dRzyAtmaka hotA hai| kisI zabdase kisI khAsa rUpakI jhalaka milatI hai| yaha dRzyAtmaka AdhArake aMtargata bhI mAnA jA sakatA haiN| yAska nirvacanake prasaMgameM yadA-kadA ullekha karate haiM ki isa zabdameM dRzyAtmaka AdhAra hai| pRthivI zabdake nirvacanameM kahate haiM-atha vai darzanenapRthuH 1 arthAt pRthivI prastRta dekhI jAtI hai| dekhanemeM pRthivI phailI lagatI hai isalie vaha pRthivI khlaayii| AcArya zaunakane nAma par3aneke AdhAroMmeM rUpako eka AdhAra mAnA hai| vastutaH kisI padArthakA nAma usake rUpake AdhAra para bhI hotA hai| agara koI zabda rUpa para AdhArita hai to nizcita hI usa zabdake nirvacanameM rUpAtmaka AdhArako apanAyA 111 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ jaaegaa| rUpAtmaka AdhAra usa vastukA dyotaka haiM jisase usa vastuke AkAra prakAra kA paridarzana hotA hai| dRzya zabda darzanAthaka dRz dhAtu se banatA hai| isakA zAbdika artha hotA hai jo dekhA jA ske| netrendriyase sambandha prAdhAnyake calate cAkSuSa vimba grAhitA hI dRzyake antargata samAviSTa hai| dRzya cAkSuSa pratyakSakA pariNAma hai| sabhI jJAnendriyoMke pRthak-pRthak viSaya haiN| indriyake sannikarSase utpanna padArthake jJAnako hama pratyakSa kahate haiN| yadyapi pratyakSa zabdameM prAdhAnya vyapadezake calate mAtra akSa indriya kA saMketa hai lekina ise samagra indriyakA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vibhinna indriyokA padArthoMke sAtha sannikarSa hotA hai, sannikarSake phalasvarUpa jisa arthakA jJAna hotA hai vahI pratyakSa hai| isa prakAra cAkSuSa, rAsana, ghrANaja, zrAvaNa, tvAcika Adi pratyakSa kramazaH cakSu, rasanA, ghANa, zravaNa evaM tvacA ke padArthoM ke sAtha sannikarSa ke hI pariNAma haiN| ina pratyakSoMmeM cAkSuSa pratyakSa sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa haiM kyoMki cakSu ke sAtha padArthoM kA samparka apekSAkRta adhika hotA hai| zabdoMmeM arthakA abhiniveza dRzyAtmaka pratyakSa kI bhI apekSA rakhatA hai| phalata: nirvacanake kramameM dRzyAtmaka AdhAra bhI prabhAvita hote haiN| yAskane niruktameM nirvacana prasaMgameM dRzyAtmaka AdhArakA bhI sahArA liyA hai| niruktake prathama adhyAyameM hI akSi, karNa Adi zabda Ate haiN| akSike sambandhameM kahA gayA hai ki ye anya aMgoMkI apekSA vyaktatara hotI hai tathA karNake sambandhameM kahA gayA hai ki isakA dvAra kaTA hotA hai| nizcaya hI ye donoM nirvacana dRzyAtmaka AdhAra rakhate haiM tathA isase usake svarUpakA bhI patA calatA hai / pRthivI kham 6 tittiri, kapiMjala', RkSa, suparNa10, hari : 11, svasarANi 12 uru 13, naktA 14 kalA 15, uSA16, kezI17, Adi zabdoMke nirvacana bhI dRzyAtmaka AdhAra rakhate haiN| " " uparyukta parizIlana se spaSTa hotA hai ki yAskake nirvacanoMmeM dRzyAtmaka AdhArako bhI apanAyA gayA hai| bhale hI isa prakArake nirvacanoMkI saMkhyA kama hai| -: saMdarbha saMketa : 1. ni. 14, 2. nivAsAt karmaNo rUpAt maMgalAdvAca AziSaH / yadRcchayopavazanAttathA muSyAyanAcca yt|| vR. de. - 1 / 25, 3. indriyArthasannikarSotpannaM jJAnaM pratyakSam - nyA zA. ( pratyakSa khaNDa), 4. ni. 1 3,5. ni. 1 4, 6 . ni. 313, 7. ni. 3 / 4, 8 . ni. 3 / 4, 9. ni. 3 4 10. ni. 4 1 11.ni. 4 3, 12. 122 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ni. 5/1, 13. ni. 82, 14. ni. 82, 15. ni. 111, 16. ni. 12 / 1, 17. ni. 12 / 3. (gha) zabdAnukaraNa evaM yAskake nirvacana nirvacanake vibhinna AdhAroMmeM zabdAnukaraNa bhI eka pramukha AdhAra hai| zabdAnukaraNako niruktameM zabdAnukRti kahA gayA hai| anukaraNa evaM anukRtimeM koI arthagata vizeSa pArthakya nahIM hai| donoM hI padoMmeM anu + kR kA yoga hai| zabdAnukRtikA artha hotA hai zabdakA anukrnn| hama dekhate haiM ki loka prayukta kucha zabda usakI vANIke AdhAra para hI AdhArita haiN| udAharaNa svarUpa kAka zabdako liyA jA sakatA hai| kAka eka pakSI vizeSa hai jisakI dhvani kA, kA hotI hai| isI kA, kA dhvani vizeSake anusAra isakA nAma kAka par3a gyaa| vRhadevatAmeM AcArya zaunaka bhI kisI vastuke nAma par3aneke kAraNoMmeM usakI vANIko bhI eka AdhAra mAnate haiN| yAskane zabdAnukRtike AdhAra para kucha nirvacanoMko prastuta kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki yAska nirvacanake AdhAroMmeM zabdAnukRtiko bhI eka AdhAra svIkAra karate haiM! niruktake tRtIya adhyAyameM yAska kahate haiM- kAka iti zabdAnukRti:, tadidaM zakuniSu bhulm|" arthAt kAka zabda zabdAnukRtikA pariNAma hai tathA pakSiyoMmeM isa taraha kI bAta adhika dekhI jAtI hai| durgAcAryane bhI ise hI spaSTa kiyA hai / 3 AcArya aupamanyava pakSiyoMke nAmameM zabdAnukRtiko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| inake anusAra pakSiyoM ke nAmameM zabdAnukRti AdhAra na hokara anya AdhAra haiN| udAharaNa svarUpa-kAkako kAka isalie kahA jAtA hai kyoMki vaha apakAlayitavya arthAt nikAlane yogya hotA hai| yahAM nikAlanA artha vAlA kAl dhAtuse kAka zabda mAnA gyaa| yadyapi yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise apUrNa hai| isI prakAra aupamanyava tittiriH zabdameM tR dhAtukI kalpanA karate haiM kyoMki vaha uchala kara calatA hai yA usameM tilake samAna citra hote haiN| yahAM ina nirvacanoMke AdhAra para tittiri zabdameM kramaza: gati evaM rUpako AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| kapiMjala eka markaTa vizeSa hai jisake nirvacanameM aupamanyava- kapiMjala : kapiriva jIrNaH, kapiriva javate, ISatpiMgalo vA kamanIyaM zabdaM piMjayatIti vA mAnate haiN| arthAt, kapike samAna vegase gamana karatA haikapi-ju gatau +kapiMjalaH,thor3A pIlA varNakA hotA hai iSat- ka +piMgala := kapiMjala :, madhura zabdakA uccAraNa karatA hai- ka-piMj dhAtuse kapiMjala zabda mAnA gayA hai| antima nirvacanameM pAThAntara bhI milatA hai| 113 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kahIM kamanIyaM ke sthAna para gamanIyam zabda bhI dekhA jAtA hai| isake anusAra vaha gamanIya arthAt prArthanIya zabdakA uccAraNa karatA hai| aupamanyavakA yaha vicAra ki zakunike nAma zabdAnukRti para AdhArita nahIM, AMzika satya hai| kucha pakSiyoM ke nAma zabdAnukRti para AdhArita na hokara anya AdhArase yukta haiN| ve AdhAra karma, rUpa, guNa, sAdRzya Adi ho sakate haiN| svayaM yAskane hI pakSiyoMke nAma nirvacanameM zabdAnukRtiko svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prasaMga meM kAka zabdake nirvacanako pUrva hI pradarzita kiyA jA cukA hai| anya bhASAoMmeM bhI pakSiyoMke nAma zabdAnukRti para AdhArita prApta hote haiN| aMgrejIkA Ndai cInI bhASAkA miAU, aMgrejIkA kakku Adi zabdoM meM zabdAnukRti hI hai|" kRk, kRk zabda karaneke kAraNa kRkavAku tathA tit tit zabda karaneke kAraNa tittiri zabdameM zabdAnukRti spaSTa hai| yAskane kitava zabdake nirvacanameM kahA hai- kitavaH kiM tava astIti zabdAnukRti : 7 kitavakA artha hotA hai juA / isameM juArI ApasameM pUchate haiM-kiM tava asti kiM tava asti (tere pAsa kyA hai, tere pAsa kyA hai) yahI kittava kitava ho gyaa| jajjhatI : zabdake nirvacanameM - jajjhatIrApo bhavanti zabdakAriNyaH jajjhatI jalakA vAcaka hai tathA yaha zabdAnukRti para AdhArita hai| jaba jala varasatA hai taba jajjha jajjha zabda hotA hai isa zabdAnukaraNa para hI jajjhatI: zabda banA / dundubhi: eka vAdyakA nAma hai| yAska isake sambandha meM kahate haiM - dundubhiriti zabdAnukaraNam, dundubhyatervA syAcchandakarmaNaH9 arthAt dum, dum zabda karaneke kAraNa dundubhi nAma pdd'aa| dundubhi bajAne para isase dum dum kI dhvani nikalatI hai athavA zabdArthaka dundubhya dhAtuse dundubhi zabda banA hai| uparyukta vivecanoMse spaSTa hai ki yAska kucha zabdoMke nirvacanameM spaSTa hI zabdAnukaraNake AdhArako apanAte haiN| saMskRta sAhityameM bahuta sArI kriyAeM pracalita haiM jo dhvanyanukaraNa para hI AdhArita haiN| khaTkhaTAyate Adi kriyA padameM khaT-khaT dhvani karanekI pradhAnatA spaSTa hai| -: sandarbha saMketa : 1. nivAsAt karmaNo rUpAn maMgalAdvAca AziSaH / yadRcchayopavasanAt tathA''muSyAyaNAcca yat // vR. de. 125, 2. ni. 3 / 4, 3. sa hi kAku kAkviti vAzyate tasmAtsa kAka ityucyate ni .du.vR. 3 / 4, 4 . ni. 34, 5. ni. 3 4, 6 . 114 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhASA vijJAna (bho.nA. ti.) pR. 33, 7. ni. 5 / 4, 8. ni. 6 / 3, 9. ni. 9 / 2 (Da.) sAdRzya evaM yAskake nirvacana sAdRzya zabda samAnakA dyotaka hai| sadRzakA bhAva sAdRzya khlaayegaa| sadRza honeke kaI AdhAra haiM jinameM guNa, karma, rUpa, dhvani Adi sAdRzya pradhAna rUpameM Ate haiN| yAskane upamA zabdake vivecanameM AcArya gAryake matakA ullekha kiyA hai| punaH "gAyene upamA zabdake prasaMgameM sadRza zabdakA ullekha kiyA hai. athAta upmaaH| yadatattatsadRzamiti gaargy:|' arthAt upamA vaha hai jo vaha na ho lekina usake samAna mAlUma par3atA ho| saMskRta sAhityameM dharmakI samAnatAko sAdRzya kahA gayA hai| upamAmeM cAra tattva hote haiM. upamAna, upameya ; sAdhAraNa dharma evaM upamA vAcaka zabdA hama kisI vastukI upamAmeM sAdhAraNa dharmakI samAnatA avazya dekhate haiN| agara sAdhAraNa dharma meM samAnatA na ho to vaha upamAke yogya nhiiN| puruSa siMhakI taraha zUra hai| isa vAkyameM puruSa tathA siMhakI zUratAmeM sAdRzya hotA hai donoMkI eka sI sthiti nahIM hotI mAtra dharmakI samAnatA hotI hai| upamAnake cayanameM hama dhyAna rakhate haiM ki sAdhAraNa dharmameM samAnatA ho| yaha sAdhAraNa dharma upamAna evaM upameyameM sAmAnya rUpa se sthita rhe| yAska dharmakI samAnatAko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki siMha evaM vyAghra pUjA paraka artha rakhate haiN| yathA-siMho devadattaH se devadatta siMha sadRza vIratA guNase yukta hai, kI pratIti hotI hai| isI prakAra puruSavyAghrakA tAtparya puruSa vyAghra ke samAna vIra hai, dhotita hotA hai| nindA paraka arthameM zvA evaM kAkakA prayoga sAdRzyake lie cunA jAtA hai| laulya Adi doSase yukta vyaktiko ayaM zvA tathA dhRSTatA Adi doSake calate-ayaM kAkaH kahate haiN| zvA meM laulya doSa haiM tathA kAka meM dhRSTatA aadi| ina doSoMkA sAdRzya yahAM prativimbita karaneke lie pazu evaM pakSiyoMkA sahArA lete haiM jisase sthiti atyadhika spaSTa hotI hai| nirvacanameM bhI yAska sAdRzyako AdhAra mAnate haiN|kisii zabdake nirvacanameM kisI prakArakI samAnata ho sakatI hai| yaha samAnatA guNa karma,rUpa,dhvani Adise sambaddha ho sakatI hai|yaaskvilkssnn arthako dyotita karanevAlA adbhuta zabdakA nirvacana abhUta ke sAdRzya para karate haiN| abhUt kA artha hotA hai jo nahIM huA hai tathA adbhutameM bhI kucha isI prakArakI bAta hotI hai jisake calate hama use vilakSaNa mAnate haiN| khala zabdake 115: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nirvacanameM yAska kahate haiM ki khala saMgrAmakA bhI vAcaka hai tathA khalihAnakA bhii| khalate ; skhltevaa| arthAt khala zabda mathanArthaka khala dhAtu se yA hiMsArthaka skhal dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai saMgrAmameM zatru mathe jAte haiM yA zatruoM kI hiMsA hotI hai isI prakAra khalihAnameM bhI anna mathe jAte haiM yA cUra-cUra kie jAte haiN| yahAM artha sAdRzya spaSTa hai| kapiMjala zabdake nirvacanameM - kapiriva jIrNaH tathA kapiriva javate kahA gayA hai| isake anusAra kapiMjala zabdameM raMgasAdRzya evaM gati sAdRzya spaSTa hai| kajilakA varNa vRddha kapike tulya hotA hai tathA usakI gati bhI kapike samAna hotI hai| akUpArakA artha sUrya evaM samudra hotA hai| niruktake anusAra akUpAro bhavati dUrapAraH, akUpAro bhavati mahApAra : sUrya bar3e rAsteko pAra karane vAlA hotA hai samudra bhI bar3A pAra vAlA hotA hai| yahAM samudra artha sUryake sAdRzya para AdhArita hai| hara zabda hR dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai jisakA artha hotA hai haraNa krnaa| jyoti, udaka, loka tathA rudhirako hara kahA jAtA hai| jyoti andhakArako haraNa karatI hai jalako manuSyAdi AharaNa karatA hai, loka puNya kSINa hone vAle manuSyoMko svargase haraNa karatA hai tathA rudhira kSINatAko haraNa karatA hai| dinako bhI hara kahA jAtA hai kyoMki yaha andhakArako haraNa karatA hai| yahAM karma sAdRzya spaSTa hai| skandha zabdake nirvacanameM skandho vRkSasya samAskanno bhvti| ayamapItara: skandha etasmAdeva AskannaM kaaye| vRkSakA skandha (DAla) vRkSase lagA hotA hai| zarIrakA kandhA bhI isI sAdRzyake kAraNa kandhA kahalAtA hai kyoMki vaha zarIra para lagA huA hotA hai| Udha: kA artha gau kA thana tathA rAtri donoM hotA hai| go kA thana dUdha detA hai tathA rAtri osako detI hai| rasake denekI samAnatAke calate rAtriko adha: kahA jAne lgaa|10 zAkhA vRkSa kI DAla evaM vaMza dono kA vAcaka hai jisa prakAra zAkhAyeM phailatI haiM, usI prakAra saMtAna Adi rUpa vaMzabhI phailatA hai| naicAzAkha zabdake nirvacana prasaMgameM yAska ise spaSTa karate haiN|11 yahAM bhI sAdRzya spaSTa hai| kakup uSNik chandakA eka bheda hai| isa chandake madhya sthita pAdoMmeM kucha varNa adhika hote haiM pariNAma svarUpa yahachanda madhyase Upara kucha ubharAsA hotA hai|vail yA sAMDhake pIThake Uparake bhAgako bhI kakupa kahate haiM kyoMkiusakA bhI bIcakAbhAga ubharA hotA hai| yahAM dona meM sAdRzya spaSTa hai|12 dasyukA artha avarSaNa hai| avarSaNameM rasa naSTa ho jAte haiN| puna dasyu zabdake sambandhameM kahA gayAhai ki avarSaNa sabhIzubha karmokonaSTa 366 savAti vidvAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kara detA hai|13 arthAt avarSaNake calate zubha karma karanekI kSamatA naSTa ho jAtI hai| isI naSTa karanekI kSamatAke kAraNa dasyu zabda zatru, megha tathA vRtrake lie prayukta huA hai|14 samprati dasyu DAkU arthako abhivyakta karatA hai| DAkUmeM bhI naSTa karanA guNa sAdRzya hai| sinIvAlIkA artha devapatnI tathA amAvAsyAkA pUrva bhAga hai| sinIvAlIkA zAbdika artha prazasta anna vAlI yA prazasta parva vAlI hai| sinIvAlIke do artha sAdRzyake hI pariNAma haiN|5 kiMzukakA artha palAza puSpa hotA hai| niruktameM kiMzuka camakIlAke artha meM bhI prayukta hai| kiMzuka zabdakA nirvacana prakAzanArthaka kuMz dhAtuse mAnA gayA hai| sUrya razmike vizeSaNake rUpameM bhI kiMzuka zabdakA prayoga huA hai|16 nizcaya hI yahAM rUpa sAdRzya hai| isa prakAra yAskake niruktameM aneka aise zabda haiM jinake nirvacanameM sAdRzya kA sahArA liyA gayA hai| vastutaH artha bodhake kAraNoMmeM sAdRzyakI bhI mAnyatA hai| artha prakAzanArtha hI nirvacana kie jAte haiN| __-: sandarbha saMketa :1. ni. 3 / 3, 2. yatkiMzcidarthajAtaMtadapi tat sarUpaM bhavati- ni.du.vR. 3 / 3, 3. ni. 3 / 4, 4. ni. 1 / 2, 5. ni. 3 / 2, 6. ni. 314, 7. ni. 4 / 3, 8. ni. 4 / 3, 9. ni.6|4, 10. ni.6|4, 11. ni. 66, 12. ni. 7 / 3, 13. ni. 76, 14. ni. 5 / 2, 15. ni. 11 / 3, 16. ni. 12 / 1. (ca) itihAsa Adi AdhAra evaM yAskake nirvacana itihAsa vyatIta vRttoMkA anvAkhyAna hai| nizcaya hI AjakI bAteM bhaviSya ke lie purAnI ho jAtI haiN| bhUtakAlake itivRttoMkA bhI apanA mahattva hai| ve itivRtta mAnavake sAtha kisI na kisI rUpameM sampRkta rahate haiN| zabdoMke prayogameM mAnava kI hI mukhya bhUmikA hotI hai| arthAvavodhake lie mAnava zabdoMkA Azraya grahaNa karatA hai| mAnava dvArA prayukta zabda kisI na kisI rUpameM AdhArAnvita hote haiN| una AdhAroMmeM itihAsakA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| zabdoMke nirvacanake samaya usake arthako dhyAnameM rakhanA nirvacanakArakA pradhAna uddezya hotA hai| kucha zabdoMke nirvacanameM itihAsakA bhI sahArA lenA par3atA hai| yAskane nirvacanake kramameM itihAsakA sahArA liyA hai| niruktake prathama adhyAyameM zakvarI zabdake nirvacana kramameM yAska itihAsakA bhI sahArA lete haiM. zakvaryaH RcaH zaknoteH tadyad Abhitramazakad hantuM tacchakvarINAM zakcarItvamiti vijnyaayte| arthAt zakcarI RcA ko kahate haiM kyoMkiyaha zak dhAtuse 117 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ niSpanna hai| indrane jJa RcAosa hI vRtrako mArA thaa| mAra sakane ke kAraNa hI jA RcAoMkA nAma zabArI pdd'aa| spaSTa hai ki zakvarI zabdameM zak dhAtukI vidyAmAnAlA aitihAsika AdhArase yukta hai| indra ke dvArA vRtrake vadha kI kathA sarvavidita evaM amanokatA hai| yaha Aja ke lie kI aitihAsika mahatva rakhatA hai| bAraka bAlameM bhI yaha kathA aitihAsika thii| phalata: kAskane isa nirvacana meM dvitIya adhyAya zantanuzaTaka nirvacana prasaMgameM itihAsakI carcA hai kRta sabyake nidhana sAska kahate haiM tatvokRtaH?..kanTroera jhavaitihAsivA arthAta eMjilikAbalAI kissA apatya akura hotA hai| nizcaya hI enitikA badana bihAsika aArI anvita hotA hai| yahAM kRtrako larAtrA apatva mAnane meM pUrNa aitihAsikatA hai| vivAmitra zaTakA mI vihAna pravAhotA hai| pijanake apatya rAjA sudAsakai punahita punaH vahIM para pijavanako javanaputra batAkara itihAsakai mahatvako sthira skha hai| kukSika zaTake saMbaMdha bananA hai ki kukSika nAmaka eka rAjA hue jo acche kAki sampAdanAva cillAte rahate the| phalata:kula (cillAnA) se kutika zabda mAnA gayA punaH khama dhamAMka prasAsana karane ke kAraNa prakAzita karane arthakAle kuna dhAtuse kuzika zabda mAnA gyaa| athA vaha dhanoM kA pradhura yAnA thA manuSyako manu yA manuSa kA apatya kahA gayA hai kI jvAlAmeM utpanna hone vAlA kalA gayA hai| bhRgukA artha hai jo bhunA humA zarIra bAlA na ho| jvAlAma utpanna hone ke bAda bhI jakA zarIra bhunA nahIM thaa| baMgAkai zAnta hone para amita RSi utpanna hue vaikhAnasa zabda vizeSa lapameM sthAnako khodaneke kAraNa prasiddha huaa| isI prakAra bharaNa kriyAke calate bhAradvAja zabda prasiddha hai| ye samI zabda RSi bAdhaka haiM jinameM kisI na kisI rUpameM jhavilAsa chipA hai| caturtha adhyAyameM aditizabdaka sambandhameM kala gayA- aditiradInA devamAtAarthAt dIna na huI devaoNkI mAtA aditi hai| yaha artha aitihAsikaoNkA hai| aditi zabdameM devamAtAke adIna hone kA itihAsa spaSTa hotA hai| paSTa adhyAya ke nAsatyA, kulaMga,", zirimbiThaH, parAzara Adi zabda aitihAsika AdhAra rakhate haiN| saptama adhyAya meM triSTupa tIna bAra stavana kiyA gayA hai ke AdhAra para tathA 118 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ jagatI5 ko prajApatine harSakSINa hote hue banAyA, kahA gayA hai jo zabdake arthAnusaMdhAnameM aitihAsika mahatva rakhatA hai| navama adhyAyameM vitastAke sambandhameM kahA gayA hai ki vaidehaka nAmakI agnine saboMko jalA diyA, kevala vitastA hI nahIM jlii| phalataH isakA nAma avidagdhA par3a gyaa| yaha avidagdhA hI kAlAntarameM vitastAke nAmase vikhyAta ho gyii| punaH vipAzAke sambandhameM kahA gayA hai ki vipATa nadImeM vaziSTa RSi jaba pAzoMse jakar3a kara DUba rahe the to isane unake pAza khola DAle the isI vipAzanake calate usakA nAma vipAzA ho gyaa|16 vitastA evaM vipAzAke ina nirvacanoMke pIche nizcita hI aitihAsika AdhAra hai| dazama adhyAyameM rudra zabdake sambandhameM yAska aitihAsika AdhArako upasthApita karate haiN| rUdrane prajApati brahmAko vANase bIMdha diyA, bAdameM vaha usakA zoka karatA haA ro pdd'aa| phalataH rUdra nAma sArthaka haa| rUdra zabda meM rUda rodane dhAtu kA yoga etadartha bhI sArthaka hai| rudrake sambandhameM uparyukta itihAsa kaThazAkhAse uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| maitrAyaNI zAkhAse bhI isakA samarthana prApta hotA hai|18 ekAdaza adhyAyameM saramAzabdakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| niruktakAra saramAko mAdhyamika vANI mAnate haiM tathA aitihAsika loga isakA artha devazunI karate haiN|9 sR gatau ke kAraNa saramA zabda bnaa| devazunI saramAne paNiyoMke dvArA parvatakI guphAoMmeM chipAkara rakhI gayI vRhaspatikI gAyoMko vahAM jAkara patA lgaayaa| phalataH saramA zabdameM yaha aitihAsika AdhAra spaSTa hotA hai| devoM evaM RSiyoM ne caturdazI se mile hue pUrNamAsI ke pUrvamAgako anumati kahA hai| devoM evaM RSiyoMkI isa anumatike kAraNa hI isakA nAma anumati pdd'aa| isakI aitihAsikatA spaSTa hai| uparyukta vivecanase spaSTa hai ki yAskane kucha zabdoMke nirvacanameM aitihAsika AdhArako apanAyA hai| niruktameM nirvacanake prasaMgameM bhaugolika evaM vyAvahArika AdhArako bhI apanAyA gayA hai| isake atirikta bhI kucha anya AdhAra apanAye gaye haiN| kambojA, zava, dAtra,nAkaH, namaH,rUpANi Adi zabdoMmeM bhaugolika evaM vyAvahArika AdhAra haiN| zmazAna," aMguli:ga,Adi zabda sAMskRtika evaM vyAvahArika AdhAra para AdhArita haiN|shkuni zabdameMmI sAMskRtika AdhAra hai|vRhspti,brhmnnspti,hirnnygrm,vishvkrmaa,31 hiraNyastUpa,prajApati AdizabdA meM sAmAsika AdhAra pradhAna hai|kli zabda meM 119 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhArmika AdhArakA sahArA liyA gayA hai| isa prakAra dekhA jAtA hai ki yAskake nirvacana vividha AdhAroM se sambaddha haiN| -: sandarbha saMketa : 1. ni. 13, 2. ni. 2 3, 3. ni. 25, 4. ni. 27, 5. ni. 26, 6. ni. 3 2, 7. ni. 3 / 3, 8. ni. 4 4 9. ni. du.vR. 4/4, 10. ni. 6 3, 11. ni. 6 4, 12.ni.6|6, 13. ni.6 6, 14. ni. 7/3, 15. ni. 7 3, 16. ni. 9 / 3, 17. ni. 1011, 18. ni. du.vR. 1011, 19. ni. 113, 20. R. 10 / 108 / 1, 21. ni. 1113, 22. ni. 211, 23. ni. 211, 24. ni. 211, 25.ni. 24, 26. ni. 24, 27. ni. 27, 28. ni. 3 1, 29. ni. 3 / 2, 30. ni. 10 / 1, 31. ni. 1013, 32. ni. 104 33. .9919. SaSTa adhyAya nighaNTu vaidika zabdoMkA samAmnAya hai| yaha eka sarva prAcIna vaidika zabdakoSa hai jo tIna kANDoM meM vibhAjita hai : (1) naighaNTuka kANDa, (2) naigama kANDa tathA (3) daivata kANDa | nighaNTukA naighaNTuka kANDa tIna adhyAyoMmeM vibhAjita hai nighaNTuke prathama adhyAyameM 414,dvitIya adhyAya meM 516 tathA tRtIya adhyAya meM 410 nAma parigaNita haiN| isa prakAra naighaNTuka kANDake kula parigaNita nAmoMkI saMkhyA 414516 ha 410 1340 hai| nighaNTuke prathama adhyAyake antargata parigaNita padoMkI vyAkhyA niruktake dvitIya adhyAyameM kI gayI hai| nighaNTuke prathama adhyAyameM yadyapi 414 pada parigaNita haiM lekina ina sAre padoMkI vyAkhyA niruktameM nahIM huI hai| niruktake dvitIya adhyAyameM kula 150 zabda vyAkhyAta haiM jinameM kucha prasaMgataH prApta bhI haiN| nighaNTuke dvitIya adhyAyameM 516 nAma parigaNita haiM, jinakI vyAkhyA niruktake tRtIya adhyAyake prathama evaM dvitIya pAdameM kI gayI hai| prathama evaM dvitIya pAdameM mAtra 54 zabdoMkI vyAkhyA huI hai| inameM kucha zabda prasaMgataH prApta bhI haiN| nighaNTuke tRtIya adhyAyakI vyAkhyA niruktake tRtIya adhyAyake tRtIya evaM caturtha pAdoMmeM kI gayI hai| nighaNTuke 410 zabda niruktameM vyAkhyAta na hokara kucha hI zabda vyAkhyAta haiN| tRtIya evaM caturtha pAdoMmeM kula 75 zabda vyAkhyAta haiM jinameM kucha prasaMgataH prApta bhI haiN| 120 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (ka) nirUkta ke prathama adhyAya ke nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana niruktakA prathama adhyAya niruktakI bhUmikA hai| nighaNTuke zabdoMkI vyAkhyA to dvitIya adhyAyase AraMbha hotI hai| prathama adhyAyameM prasaMgata: Aye kucha zabdoMkI vyAkhyAkI mayI hai| isa adhyAyameM kula 53 zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiN| prasaMgataH Aye zabdoMkI vyAkhyA karanA yAskakI nirvacana priyatAkA pramANa hai| yAska mUla rUpameM nirvacanakAra haiM pariNAmata: ve arthokI khojameM nirvacanako hI AdhAra mAnate haiN| yahIM kAraNa hai ki inake nirvacana arthAtmaka dRSTi se prAyaH upayukta haiN| yadyapi inake kucha nirvacana arthakI dRSTise Aja asaMgata lagate haiM isakA kAraNa una zabdoMke arthoMmeM kiMcit yA pUrNa parivartana haiN| artha parivartanabhI bhASA vijJAna ke dvArA mAnya hai| yAskake samayameM kucha zabdoMke jo artha the ve yA to Aja gauNa ho gaye haiM yA pUrNataH badala gaye haiN| ___ prathama adhyAyameM parigaNita nirvacanoMko bhASA vaijJAnika AdhAra para nimnalikhita rUpameM dekhA jA sakatA hai:-dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra para pUrNataH AdhArita nirvacanoMmeM - rAjA, AcArya ; vayAH, zAkhA, dhuH, dakSiNA, zakvarI, brahmA, Asyam dadhana, daMza Adi parigaNita haiN| AMzika dhvanyAtmakatAse yukta stoka sikatA Adi hai| arthAtmaka mahattva rakhane vAle nirvacanoM meM dhvanyAtmaka mahattva vAle nirvacanoM ke atirikta nighaNTu, kulmASa, zvaH, hya, gAyatrI, adhvaryu, akSi, karNa Adi Ate haiN| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise cittam, varaH, maghaH, bhagaH, vRhat , brahmA, adhvaryu, hradaH, giraH, surA, pRthivI, sthANu, artha, dhAtu daMza, bhIma, bhISma, vAravantam, giri, giraSThA, parva, parvata Adi sarvathA saMgata hai| akSi evaM karmameM dRzyAtmaka AdhAra apanAye gaye haiN| ina nirvacanoMko AkRti pradhAna nirvacana bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| adbhutameM sAdRzya tathA zakvarImeM aitihAsika AdhAra haiN| azva AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para pUrNata: AdhArita hai| naraka zabda meM kalpanA kI pradhAnatA tathA atiprAkRta tattvakI ora saMketa hai| anyaH artha parivartanako spaSTa karatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra anyaH hastaH, vIraH, sImA, avasam, tviSi evaM zizirako pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| prathama adhyAyake nirvacanoMkA samIkSaNa : (1) nighaNTuH- nighaNTu zabdake nirvacanameM AcArya aupamanyavakA kahanA hai ki yaha zabda nigam dhAtuse banA hai|ni kA artha hotA hai nizcayenatathA gam gatau dhAtu hai| 121 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ni nizcayena gamAH nigUr3hArthA ete parijJAtAH santo mantrArthAn gamayanti / 2 arthAt ye nizcita rUpameM mantroMke arthoMko bodha karAne vAle hote haiN| maMtrArtha bodhakI siddhi meM unakA kahanA hai ki ve zabda veda maMtroMse cuna-cuna kara saMgraha kie gae haiN| ve hI nigam dhAtuse niSpanna nigamanake kAraNa nigantu hote hue nighaNTu khlaaye| nigamayitR-nigantR- nigantu-nighantu0ga ke sthAna meM gha nigantu-nighanTu-nighaNTu- ta ke sthAna meM Ta evaM Natva ! AcArya yAskake anusAra yaha zabda Ahanana kriyA yoga se niSpanna hotA hai'AhananAdeva syuH samAhatA bhavanti '4 Ahanana kriyAke yogase niSpanna hone meM inakA tarka hai ki ve zabda bhalI prakAra krama pUrvaka kahe gaye haiN| sam + A han, samAhantRsamAhantu-ni+ A+ hantu (sam upasarga ke sthAna para ni upasarga kA vyatyaya A kI avidyamAnatA kA adhyAhAra) nihantu-nighaNTu (ha ke sthAna meM gha tathA ta ke sthAna meMTa kA parivartana evaM Natva) yAska nighaNTu zabdake nirvacanameM eka aura vikalpa dete haiN| jisake anusAra isakA artha hotA hai ki ye zabda veda mantroMse ekatra kie gaye haiN| veda mantroM se zabdoM kA cayana aupamanyavake vicArase mela khAtA hai| 'yadvA samAhRtA bhavanti' 4 isa vikalpa meM 'sama+ A+ hR prApta hotA hai| samAhartu samAhartR ni+ A + hartu - ( sam upasarga ke sthAna para ni upasarga vyatyaya) samAhartR (A kI avidyamAnatAkA adhyAhAra (A kA lopa) nighaNTu (ha evaM ta kA kramazaH gha evaM Ta meM parivartana nntv)| nighaNTu zabdake nirvacanameM tIna prakArakI vRttiyAM prApta hotI haiM, ati parokSa vRtti, parokSavRtti evaM prtykssvRtti| pratyakSavRttimeM dhAtu spaSTa rahatA hai, parokSavRttimeM vaha sAmAnya prayogase minna ho jAtA hai tathA atiparokSavRttimeM dhAtu kA patA nahIM cltaa| yahAM nigamayitR pratyakSavRtti, nigantu parokSavRtti tathA nighaNTu atiparokSa vRti 'hai' AcArya aupamanyavake siddhAMtase spaSTa hotA hai ki zabdoMke vikAsakI kucha dazAeM hotI haiN| pariNAmataH uccAraNa sambandhI vyavadhAna evaM AdatoMke calate zabdoMkA mUla rUpa kamI spaSTa hotA hai kabhI ardha spaSTa evaM kabhI aspaSTa / nirvacanakI uparyukta tInoM vRttiyAM isI ora saMketa karatI hai ki nigamayitR se nigantu zabda hI paristhitiyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa nighaNTumeM pariNata ho gyaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise ni+ghaNT+ku = nighaNTu zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (2) AcArya :- AcArya isalie kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha AcAra (upadeza) 122 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ko grahaNa karAtA hai| chAtroMko sadAcArakI zikSA dene vAlA AcArya kahalAtA hai. 'AcArya: AcAraM grAhayati / punaH AcAryake saMbaMdhameM yAskakA kahanA hai ki vaha aoMkA cayana karatA hai| chAtroMko padArthose avagata karAne vAlA-AcArya hai :AcinotyarthAn "ga antima nirvacana prastuta karate hue AcArya yAska spaSTa karate haiM ki AcArya chAtroMmeM buddhikA saMcaya karatA hai athA chAtroMkI buddhima abhivRddhi karatA hai:-'Acinoti buddhimitivA' . yAskake uparyukta.prathama nirvacanameM Azcar dhAtu tathA zeSa donoM meM A ci dhAtu hai| inakA prathamanirvacana vyAkaraNakI dRSTi se bhI upayukta hai kyoMki isameM car dhAtukA yoga hai| zeSa donoM nirvacana arthAtmaka AdhAra rakhate haiN| AcAryakA artha maMtroMkI vyAkhyA karane vAlA bhI hotA hai| manusmRtike anusAra upanIta ziSyoMko sAMga evaM sarahasya vedAdhyApana karane vAlA AcArya kahalAtA hai| nirukta pratipAdita AcAryakI vyAkhyA vAyu purANake varNana se sAmya skhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra A casmaNyat se AcArya banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASAvaijJAnika dRTisa yAskadA prathama nirvacana upayukta hai kyoMki isameM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka saMgati hai| zeSa donoM nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| (3) kunnA:-kulmAvakA artha nimna zreNIkA anna hotA hai, jise lokamASAmeM kulavI bahate haiN| bhAva kA artha urada bhI hotA hai| isa AdhAra para isakA artha hogA khasaba sadA yAsvake anusAra kulmASa apane kuloM (anna samudAyoM) meM nimna zreNIkA hotA hai kuleSu sIdanti isa nirvacanameM mAtra arthAtmaka AdhAra hai| yAskakA yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise apUrNa hai| koSa granthoMmeM kulmASako yAvaka bhI kahA gayA hai. isa AdhAra para kulmASakA artha hogA adhasUkhA jau| ise kutsito mASaH + kulamAna: mI kiyA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para kulaM masyati kula + masI parimANe apNkulmaassH| kulmASa kA artha kAMjI bhI hotA haiAra kulaM mavatIti kulmANamA kula+mana hiMsAyAm +aNakulmASa zabdameM Aja artha saMkrauca ho gayA hai| kharAba annake lie prayukta kulmASa zabda Aja urada, kulathI taka hI sImita ho gayA hai| pANinike kAlameM bhI kulmASa annakA hI vAcaka thaa|14 yAskake samaya isakA artha kAMjI nahIM thaa| (7) kyA:-isakA artha zAkhA hotA hai|iske nirvacanameM yAska 'vI'dhAtukAsaMketa karate haiM vaite: vAtAyanA bhavanti' arthAt matyarthaka'vI' dhAtu se yaha zabda banA hai kyoMki yaha vAtAyana (havA kA sthAna) hotA hai| zAkhA havAse DolatI rahatI hai| vI 123 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ gatau dhAtse vaya: mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| laukika saMskRta meM vayaH zabda pakSIkA vAcaka hai|16 vyAkaraNake anusAra ise vIgatau + asun17 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| vaidika saMskRtase laukika saMskRta taka vaya : zabdameM arthAdeza pAyA jAtA hai| (5) zAkhA :- zAkhA vRkSakI DAlako kahate haiN| yAskake anusAra yaha AkAzameM zayana karane vAlI hotI hai- 'khazayA bhavanti 18 kha = AkAza, zayA = zayana karane vaalii| khazayA se zAkhA mAnanA varNa viparyayakA pariNAma hai kha+zI = zI+kha' shaakhaa| yAska usake lie puna: eka nirvacana prastuta karate haiM- 'zaknotervA 19 arthAt samyak yogavAlI zak dhAtuse yaha zabda banatA hai| zak-zakh -shaakhaa| AkAzastha zAkhA jar3ase bhojana grahaNa karanemeM samartha hotI hai yA zAkhAyeM phailane vAlI hotI hai| zak dhAtuse zAkha zabda dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se 'khazayA' se zAkhA mAnanA adhika upayukta hai| zAkhAke kaI artha abhipreta haiN| yaha vRkSakI DAla ke atirikta vedAMza, bhujA, pakSAntara evaM antikake lie bhI prayukta hotA hai|20 vyAkaraNake anusAra zAsra vyAptau + ac + TAp = zAkhA banAyA jA sakatA hai| zAkhyate vRksso'nyaa| (6) dyu :- dinake nAmako dhuH kahate haiM21 yAskake anusAra dina prakAzita hotA hai isalie ise dhuH kahate haiM- 'dyotate iti sataH 22 / dhu zabdameM dyut dyotane dhAtukA yoga hai| phalata: isakA artha hogA camakane vaalaa| dhut dhAtu se dhuH zabda dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| artha vijJAnakI dRSTi se bhI yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise dhu + kvip pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskake anusAra 'dhu' eka lokakA bhI vAcaka hai| tIna prakArake devatAoMmeM dhu sthAnIya devatA bhI Ate haiN| loka vAcaka dhu zabda bhI isI dhut dhAtuse bnegaa| kyoMki yaha loka bhI prakAzamAna hai| dyu dhAtuse dhuH zabda mAnanA adhika saMgata hotA kyoMki yAska didyata zabdameM dyu dhAtukI sthiti mAnate haiN| nirvacana prakriyAse yAskakA yaha nirvacana pUrNata: ThIka hai| aMgrejI bhASA kA Day zabda isake nikaTa hai jisameM arthAtmaka ekatA bhI hai| (7) zva:- isakA artha hotA hai 'Ane vAlA kl'| ise paredhuH bhI kaha sakate haiN| yAska ne ise upAzaMsanIya kAla kahA hai arthAt yaha AzA karane lAyaka samaya hotA hai-'zva:upAzaMsanIyaH kAlaH 22|isa zabdameM zaMs dhAtukA yoga mAnAgayA haizaMszva : aisezabdoMkA nirvacana prastuta karanA yAskakI apanI vizeSatA hai.pANinIya vyAkaraNake 124 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anusAra ise avyaya mAnA gayA hai| isa nirvacanameM AMzika dhvanyAtmakatA hai| ArthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| (8) hya :- isakA artha hai vyatIta kl|23 ise pUrveyuH bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| yAskane bhI ise bItA huA samaya mAnA hai|- 'hya : hInaH kAla : 24 / hya : zabda meM 'hA' parityAge dhAtukA yoga hai haa-hyH| isa nirvacanakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha avyaya zabda hai| (9) adbhutam :- adbhutakA artha Azcarya yA vicitra hotA hai| yAskake anusAra usakA artha hogA jo nahIM huA hai- 'abhUtamiva 25 abhUtake samAna hI adbhuta bhI artha rakhatA hai| adbhuta zabdameM a + bhU kA yoga hai| vyAkaraNakI dRSTise at Azcarya artha prakaTa karane vAlA avyaya hai| bhU dhAtu tathA DutaJ pratyayake yogase at + bhU + DutaJ = adbhutam zabda banatA hai|26 bhASA vijJAnake anusAra isameM vyaMjanagata audAsinya hai| yaha nirvacana arthasAdRzyakA pariNAma hai| (10) anya :- yAskake anusAra isakA artha hotA hai aneka vicAravAlA, yA asthira buddhivAlA-'nAneya : 25 na + Aneya-nAneya: ke anusAra isakA artha hogA jo lAne yogya nahIM ho27 arthAt niic| vartamAna samayameM anyakA artha dUsarA, bhinna, itara Adi hotA hai| vaidika kAlIna arthase nizcaya hI ye artha bhinna haiN| isa zabdameM Aja artha parivartana ho gayA hai| yAskake anusAra anyaH zabdameM 'nI' dhAtukA yoga hai- na-a + nI dhAtu = anyH| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhArapUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para an prANane dhAtuse ya: pratyaya28 karane para anya: zabda banatA hai| jisakA vartamAna kAlIna artha alaga, dUsarA yA bhinna Adi hotA hai| yAskake uparyukta nirvacanameM arthAtmakatA bhI pUrNa spaSTa nahIM hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha nirvacana apUrNa mAnA jaayegaa| (11) cittam :- citta kA artha mana hotA hai| yAskake anusAra jisase vastuko jAnA jAtA hai vaha citta kahalAtA hai| 'cittaM cetate:29 arthAt citta zabdameM citsaMjJAne dhAtukA yoga hai| cit se cittaM zabda dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase saMgata hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise citisaMjJAne dhAtuse kta pratyaya karane para banAyA jA sakatA hai| (12) varaH:- isakA artha hotA hai,acchA,kalyANa kAraka aadi| niruktake anusAra isakA arthavaraNa karanelAyaka hotA hai| varo varayitavyo bhavati'3degisa zabdameM 125: vyutpatti vijJAna aura Acarya yaska
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________________ vR, varaNe dhAtu spaSTa hai|31 yAskake isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase ise saMgata mAnA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise vRJ varaNe + ap pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskane niruktameM hI varam kA artha zreSTha tathA jalabhI kiyA hai| megha vAcaka varAhaH ke lie inakA kahanA hai ki varAhAraH arthAt 'varam udakam AhAro ysy'32| isake anusAra varam kA artha jala hotA hai| vara: kA prayoga vivAha yogya purUSake arthameM bhI pAyA jAtA hai33 kyoMki vaha bhI varayitavya hotA hai| (13) magham :- magha kA artha dhana hotA hai|34 yAskake anusAra magham kA artha hai jo dAna kiyA jAya. 'maMhate dAnakarmA'30 arthAt magham zabdameM dAnArthaka maMha dhAtukA yoga hai| isameM dhAtu sthita ha kA gha meM varNa parivartana ho gayA hai jo bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se upayukta hai saMskRta bhASAkI kha, gha, tha, dha evaM bha dhvaniyAM prAkRta bhASAmeM nitya ha meM parivartita ho jAtI hai|35 isa prakAra kA dhvani parivartana vaidika bhASAmeM bhI hotA rahA hai| Ahana aghA,36 han-jaghanam , duha-dughA, han-ghana Adi isI prakAra ke udAharaNa hai| vaidika bhASAmeM ha dhvani kA hI gha meM parivartana dekhA jAtA hai jabaki saMskRta kI gha dhvani prAkRta meM ha ke rUpa meM parivartita hotI hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise maphi ac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (14) dakSiNA :- isakA artha hotA hai jo samRddha kre| yAska ke anusAra yaha karma ko samRddha karatA hai'dakSiNA dakSate: samarddhayatikarmaNa: 37 yaha zabda samRddhayarthaka dakS dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai| dakSiNA RddhihIna ko samRddha karatI hai-'vyuddhaM samarddhayati'38 apivA pradakSiNA gamanAddizamabhipretya37 arthAt pradakSiNA gamanase dakSiNa dizA ko abhipreta kara dakSiNA bnaa| pradakSiNa meM vAyeM se dAyeM jAyA jAtA hai| dakSiNa hasta ke lie utsAhArthaka dakS dhAtu yAdAnArthaka dAz dhAtu yAskako abhipreta hai|39 utsAhArthaka-dakS dhAtuke anusAra pratyeka karmameM dakSiNa hAtha hI adhika kriyAzIla hotA hai,aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| puna: dAz dhAtu ke anusAra dAna dAhine hAtha se diyA jAtA hai isalie dakSiNa zabdameM dAza dhAtukA yoga hai| dakSiNA zabdameM dakSa dhAtukA yoma dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise sarvathA upayukta hai| arthAtmaka dRSTise bhI yaha nirvacana saMgata hai| samprati bhI dakSiNA yajJAdi ke antameM yajJa sampAdakoM ko yajJa sampAdanArtha die gae puraskAra yA pArizramikakA naamhai| vyAkaraNake AdhAra para dakSa dhAtu+inan pratyaya40+TAp pratyaya dakSiNA zabda banAyA 126: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ jA sakatA hai| aneka nirvacanoMkI upasthiti vividha arthake pariNAma haiN| (15) hasta :- hasta kA artha hAtha hotA hai| yAskakA kahanA hai ki hanan kriyAmeM zIghatA karane ke kAraNa hI hasta kahA jAtA hai-'hastohante: prAzurhanane 41 hasta zabda hiMsArthaka han dhAtu se banA hai| isa nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka saMgati pUrNa spaSTa nahIM hai| saMbhavata: vaidika kAlameM hAthakA prayoga hiMsAke lie adhika hotA hogaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra has vikAse dhAtuse tan pratyaya kara hasta zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (16) bRhat :- isakA artha hotA hai mahAn, bdd'aa| yAskake anusAra yaha dRr3ha yA majabUta hai isalie ise bRhat kahate haiM-'parivRDhaM bhavati'41 isa nirvacanake anusAra bRhat zabda meM bRha vRddhau dhAtukA yoga hai| kyoMki bRha+ kta = bRDhaH hotA hai| yadyapi yAskane bRhat zabdake dhAtukA nirdeza svataMtra rUpameM nahIM kiyA hai, mAtra ve isake arthako hI spaSTa karate haiN| tathApi parivRDhaH zabda bRha dhAtukI ora saMketa karatA hai| isa AdhAra para isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| arthAtmaka aucitya bhI spaSTa hai| bRhat kA artha Aja mI surakSita hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI yaha zabda bRh vRddhau dhAtuse nipAtanake dvArA siddha hotA hai|45 (17) vIra :- isakA artha valavAna hotA hai| isake saMbaMdha yAskakA kahanA hai ki vaha amitroM (zatruoM) ko naSTa karatA hai- 'vIro vIrayati amitrAn' vete vA syAdgatikarmaNaH, 'vIrayatervA 46 / vIrayati zabdase spaSTa hai ki isameM vi + Ira gatau dhAtu hai| vi + Ira = viir| vetervA ityAdi gatyarthaka vI dhAtu kI ora saMketa karatA hai kyoMki vIra zatruoM ke sammukha abhigamana karatA hai| antima nirvacana vIrayate se vIr vikrAntau dhAtu spaSTa hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA- vIra puruSa vIratA kA AcaraNa karatA hai| vIra zabdake lie niruktameM tIna nirvacana upalabdha hote haiN| 1- vi+ Ira,2- vI gatau,3. vIra vikraantii| ina nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise inheM saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake AdhAra para vIra zabda vIra vikrAntau dhAtuse ac pratyaya lagAkara yA vi + Ir gatau +kaH pratyaya8 se yA vI +ra69 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskake tInoM nirvacana vyAkaraNa prakriyAke anukUla haiN| (18) sImA:- sIm eka nipAta hai jo parigraha (sarvatra) artha meM yA padapUrti ke lie prayukta hotA hai| sIma zabda meM a (sIm + a = sIma) anarthaka hai| sIman zabda se sIma-sImA zabda banatA hai| yAskane sImAkA artha maryAdA kiyA hai-'sImA maryAdA, 127 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ viSIvyati dezAviti 50 isa zabdameM SiJ bandhane dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha do sthAnoMko jor3ane vAlI hotI hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| ata: bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| Aja bhI sImAkA artha sarahada hI hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise SiJ bandhane dhAtuse nipAtana ke51 dvArA yA ap52 pratyaya kara siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| (19) gAyatrI :- gAyatrI vaidika chandakA nAma hai| maMtra vizeSa bhI gAyatrIke nAmase abhihita hotA hai| niruktake anusAra yaha stuti karmameM prayukta maMtra vizeSa hai. 'gAyatraM gAyateH stuti karmaNa: 50 gAyatra zabdameM stutyarthaka gai dhAtukA yoga hai| yAska gAyatrIke svarUpako AdhAra mAnakara kahate haiM ki isameM tIna caraNa hote haiM53 'trigamanA vA viparItA 54 / gAyatrI zabda trigamanA- (trINi gamanAniH yasyA sA) ke kAraNa prasiddha huaa| athavA tri evaM gam ko viparIta kara dene para gam + tri = gAyatrI bnaa| prathama nirvacana meM gai dhAtu tathA dvitIya evaM tRtIya meM gam dhAtu prApta hote haiN| prathama nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai dvitIya evaM tRtIya nirvacanoMmeM gam dhAtu mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya spaSTa hotA hai| antima donoM nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| yAska brAhmaNa granthake nirvacanako prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki vaha gAte hue brahmAke mukhase gira par3I- gAyato mukhAdudapatat iti ca braahmnnm|'55 isa nirvacanameM aitihAsika mahatva surakSita hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise gA+ traiG + ka:56 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (20) zakvarI :- zakvarI RcAko kahate hai - 'zakvaryaH RcaH, zaknote:57 yaha zabda zak dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| artha saMgatikaraNameM yAska brAhmaNa vAkyako uddhRta karate haiM- tad yad AbhiH vRtram azakad hantum tat zakvarINAM zakvarItvam 57 arthAt jina RcAoMse vRtra mArA jA sakA , yahI zakvariyoMkA zakcaritva hai| arthAt isI kArya vizeSake calate use zakvarI kahA gyaa| uparyukta nirvacanameM zaka zaktau dhAtukA yoga hai| phalataH dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNa se yaha upayukta hai| isa nirvacanakA arthAtmaka AdhAra aitihAsika hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise zak zaktau + vanippa8 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (21) brahmA :- yajJa sampAdanArtha brahmAnAmakA eka RtvikahotA hai,jo yajJakI sabhIkriyAoM evaM maMtroMkA nirIkSaNa karatA hai|vh cAroM vedoMkA jJAtAhotA hai|vh yajJameM 128 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hone vAlI kamIke lie prAyazcitkA vidhAna karatA hai| vaha sabhI zAstroMke adhyayana se khUba bar3hA rahatA hai| 59 'brahmA parivRddhaM bhavati sarvata:57 isameM bRha vRddhau dhAtukA yoga hai, kyoMki brahmA sabhI ora bar3hA rahatA hai| bRr3haH zabdameM bRh+kta pratyaya hai| bRha dhAtuse brahmA zabdameM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka aucitya hai| phalataH bhASAvijJAnakI dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra bRhi vRddhau + manin60 = brahman brahmA zabda bnegaa| (bRMhativardhayati prajAiti) (22) adhvaryu :- adhvaryu kA artha hotA hai yajJakI mAtrA (svarUpa) ko nirdhArita karane vAlA yA yajJakA netaa| dhvarakA artha hiMsA hotA hai jisameM hiMsA nahIM ho use adhvara kaheMge -(a-dhvara = adhvara) yaha yajJakA paryAya hai| adhvaryaH evaM adhvarayaH donoM zabda pracalita haiN| lokameM adhvarayu tathA vedameM adhvarya zabdakA prayoga prAya: pAyA jAtA hai| yAskane isake kaI nirvacana prastuta kie haiM : (ka) adhvaraM yunakti'61 isa AdhAra para adhvaryukA artha hogA yajJako jor3ane vaalaa| adhvara (yajJa) +yu (bandhane) = adhvryu| isameM adhvara nAma pada hai tathA yu taddhita prtyy| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| (kha) 'adhvarasyanetA'61 isake AdhAra para isakA artha hotA hai adhvarakA netaa| yajJa sampAdanameM isakA pradhAna hAtha hotA hai| ise yajJakI prakriyAkA saMcAlaka bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM adhvasa nI prApta hotA hai| nI prApaNe dhAtu yu kA arthApanna hai| arthAtmaka dRSTise hI isa nirvacanakA mahatva hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata nahIM hai| yahAM arthAtmaka saMgatike lie yAska dhvanyAtmaka AdhArakI upekSA kara dete haiN| (ga) 'adhvaraM kAmayate iti'61 vaha adhvarakI kAmanA karatA hai isalie adhvaryu kahalAtA hai| yahAM adhvasa tatkAmate artha meM yu taddhita pratyaya hai| (gha) 'apivA adhIyAne yu:61 adhyayana arthameM bhI yu pratyaya hotA hai jo adhvaryumeM lagAhai adhvara +yu:= adhvaryu:yahAMbhI yu pratyaya hai| uparyukta nirvacanoMse spaSTa hai ki yAskane adhvara + yuH meM yuH ko prathama nirvacana meM yuja dhAtuse tRtIyameM tatkAmayate se tathA caturtha meM adhIyAne (tadadhIte) ke arthase yukta mAnA hai| yu eka taddhita pratyayake rUpameM pracalita upavandha hai| isa AdhAra para yaha nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise (adhvaramichati) adhvara + kyaS- lopa63 +yu:64 = adhvaryuH yA na + dhvara+ adhvara, dhva = kauTilye + vic=dhvara - dhvaraM yAti yautivA mitadravAditvAt Du:65= adhvaryu: banAyA jA sakatA hai| 129 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (23) akSi :- isakA artha AMkha hotA hai| yAskakA kahanA hai ki isase rUpa dekhA jAtA hai yA rUpakA bhakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai-'akSi caSTe:'66 isameM cakSiGa darzane yA caz bhakSaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| akSi zabdake nirvacana meM yAska AcArya AgrAyaNake siddhAMtakA pratipAdana karate haiN| tadanusAra akSi zabda aMj (prakAzita honA artha meM) dhAtuse banA hai kyoMki AMkha zarIrake anya aMgoMkI apekSA adhika vyakta hotI hai| anya aMgoMkI apekSA adhika vyakta honekI puSTi brAhmaNa vacanoMse bhI hotI hai|67 AgrAyaNane akSi 'anakte: kahakara akSi zabda meM aMj dhAtuko spaSTa kara diyA hai| AcArya AgrAyaNakA nirvacana yAskake nirvacanakI apekSA dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise adhika saMgata hai| mAropIya bhASAoM meM dekhanA artha meM oqu prApta hotA hai isase banA zabda 'osse' (donoM AMkhake lie) grIka bhASAmeM pracalita hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra-(aznute aneneti akSi)- azU vyAptau dhAtuse ksi8 yA asU vyAptau + in se akSi zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|69 (24) karNa :- karNa: kA artha kAna (zravaNendriya) hotA hai| yAskakA kahanA hai ki isakA dvAra kaTA rahatA hai isalie ise kAna kahA jAtA hai- karNaH kRntate:, nikRtadvAro bhavati'00 karNa zabdameM kRtI chedane dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanameM AkRtise hI mUla AdhAra spaSTa hotA hai| ataH isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| karNake nirvacanameM AcArya AgrAyaNake matakA bhI ullekha hotA hai-RcchaterityAgrAyaNa:70 isake anusAra karNa zabdameM gatyarthaka Rccha dhAtukA yoga hai| brAhmaNa vacanase bhI isakI puSTi hotI hai. 'RcchantIva khe udgantAmiti ha vijJAyate'70 AkAzameM gaye zabda inheM prApta hote haiN| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise yaha nirvacana apUrNa hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA upayukta hai| AgrAyaNake nirvacanameM kha + Rccha dhAtu hai| DA. varmA karNa zabda meM pakar3anA artha vAle mAropIya kvair zabdako mUla mAnate hai| prAcIna vulgeriyana mASAmeM pakar3anA arthameM krena (Cren) kA prayoga hotA hai| kAna bhI dhvani pakar3atA hai isalie Qur se ise mAnA jA sakatA hai|71 vyAkaraNake anusAra karNa zabda kR vikSape dhAtu se nara pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| kR + naH= karNa yA karNa bhedane dhAtu se ac4 pratyaya kara karNa zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai -karNa + ac-krnnH| (25) Asyam :- isakA artha mukha hotA hai| nirukta ke anusAra isameM anna pheMkA jAtA hai isalie Asya khlaayaa| yaha anna ko Ardra kara detA hai. 130 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 'Asyam asyate:, Asyandate etadannamitivA'74 yAskake ina do nirvacanoMmeM prathama nirvacanake anusAra isameM as kSepaNe dhAtu kA yoga tathA dvitIya nirvacana meM A syanda prasavaNe dhAtu kA yoga hai|as-aasym| AG + syand = aasym| yAskakA prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra para upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacanameM arthAtmakatA saMgata hai| maharSi paMtajali bhI AsyammeM as kSepaNe dhAtukA yoga mAnate haiN| inake anusAra isameM varNokA prakSepaNa hotA hai yA usameM anna gIlA hotA hai|75 vyAkaraNake anusAra askSepaNe dhAtuse Nyat76 pratyaya karane para Asyam zabda banatA hai (asyante varNA: yena) athavA asyate asmin grAsovA) puna: A+ syand prasravaNe se Da:77 pratyaya karane para bhI Asyam zabda bana sakatA hai| (Asyandate amlAdinA prasravati, annAdinA dravIkriyate vA) , (26) danam :- dana kA artha paryanta (mAtra) hotA hai| isa zabdako spaSTa karaneke lie Asyadana tathA upakakSadani zabda dhyAtavya hai| kramaza: inakA artha hotA hai mukha taka pAnI vAlA (hRda) evaM kamara taka pAnI vAlA (hRd)| dadhna zabdake nirvacanameM yAska sravatyarthaka dadh dhAtukA yoga mAnate haiM- 'dalaM dadhyateH savatikarmaNa:'79 dvitIya nirvacana prastuta karate hue ve isameM dasu upakSaye dhAtukA yoga mAnate haiM-dasya'tervAsyAdvitastataraM bhavati'79 dasu upakSaye dhAtuse mAnane ke kAraNa meM ve kahate haiM ki vaha kramazaH dastatara nyUnatara hotA jAtA hai| yAskakA prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise dadh dhAtuse naH pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| pANinine dana ko zabda nahIM mAnakara danaca pratyaya mAnA hai| pratyayoMke sambandhameM kahA jAtA hai ki prAcIna kAlameM ve pratyaya svataMtra prakRtike rUpameM the bAdameM ghisate-ghisate pratyayake rUpameM raha gaye isase spaSTa hai ki yAskake samayameM daghna prakRti ke rUpameM prayukta hotA thaa| (27) hada :- isakA artha tAlAba hotA hai| yAska isake lie do nirvacana prastuta karate haiM- 'hrado hAdateH zabda karmaNa: halAdatervA syAt zItIbhAva karmaNa:'82 prathama nirvacanameM hrAd zabde dhAtukA yoga hai| hradase zabda hotA rahatA hai| dvitIya nirvacanameM zItImAva arthavAle halAd dhAtu hai| vaha jalake kAraNa zItala banA rahatA hai| yAskake ina donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra hAd avyakte zabde se ac pratyaya kara (hrAd+ac = hradaH) banAyA jA sakatA hai| 131 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise bhI yaha sarvathA saMgata hai| (28) ziziram : zizira Rtu vizeSakA nAma hai| bhAratIya paddhatike anusAra mAgha evaM phAlguna mahInese hone vAlI Rtuko zizira Rtu kahate haiN| yAskake anusAra yaha zabda hisArthaka zR dhAtuse athavA hiMsArthaka zam dhAtuse niSpanna mAnA gayA hai. 'zRNAte: zamnAtervA'82 zizira RtumeM prAya: vRkSa Adi mlAna ho jAte hai| yAskake nirvacanoMmeM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| isameM dhvanyAtmakatAkI rakSA pUrNa rUpameM nahIM ho pAyI hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise zaz plutagatyau dhAtuse kirac pratyaya85 (upadhAyAM itvaMca nipAtyate) kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| mASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| (29) gira :- vartamAna samayamai giraH kA artha vANI hotA hai| lekina vaidika saMskRtameM gira usI vANIko rahA jAtA hai jo stutike lie prayukta hotI hai| yAska isake nirvacanameM stutyarthaka gR dhAtukA yoga mAnate haiM. 'giromRNAte:-9 gR-girH| vaidika kAlameM stutyarthaka gira zabda bAdameM vANIke arthameM prayukta hone lgaa| yaha isa zabdakI arthotkarSatA hai| yAska kA yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise gR zabde dhAtuse kvipa87 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA (30) narakam :- naraka sarvAdhika kharAba, azobhana evaM yAtanA pUrNa sthAnakA nAma hai, jahAM durAcArI loma tathA puNyahIna loga nivAsa karate haiN| yAskakA kahanA hai ki jisameM nimna gamana hotA hai88 tathA jahAM ramaNIya sthAna thor3A bhI nahIM hotA. nyarakam nIcairgamanam nA'smin ramaNaM sthAnam alpamapi astItivA'86 prathama nirvacanameM ni upasarga tathA Rgatau dhAtu + ka pratyaya hai| ni+R+kam ni+a+kam = n+ ara + km=nrkm| dvitIya nirvacana meM na + ram + ka = naraka zabda hai| yAskakA naraka saMbaMdhI donoM nirvacana arthAtmaka AdhArase puSTa hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra AMzika saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise nR + kan 89 . nara+aka = naraka banAyA jA sakatA hai| (31) surAH-surAkA artha madirA hotA hai| isake pAna karanese buddhikA santulana bigar3a jAtA hai| yAskakeanusAra yaha aneka dravyoMse culAyAjAtA hai10. surA sunote:89 isa zabdameM SuJ abhiSave dhAtu kA yoga hai isa nirvacana kA arthAtmaka evaM dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| phalata: yaha bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha su+rA dAne = surA,yA su + rai zabde+a11 pratyaya karane para banatA hai| 132 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (32) azva :- azvakA artha ghor3A hotA hai| niruktake anusAra azva mArgakA azana (vyApta) karane vAlA hai yA adhika bhojana karane vAlA hotA hai. 'aznute adhvAnam , mahAzano bhavatItivA92 prathama nirvacana meM azUG vyAptau dhAtu hai tathA dvitIya nirvacanameM az bhojane dhaatu| yAskake ye nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta haiN| yAska apane pUrva pakSiyoMke isa praznakA samAdhAna bhI prastuta karate haiN| yadi sabhI nAma AkhyAtase utpanna hoMge to mArgako vyApta karane vAle sabhI azva kahe jAyeMge? isake.samAdhAnameM ve kahate haiM ki yaha to loka vyavahArake AdhAra para AdhArita hai| loka prasiddhi jisa zabdakI jisa arthameM hogI usase vahI artha jJAta kraaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise azU vyAptau + kvan93 = azva, azbhojane +kvan= azvaH banAyA jaaegaa| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ise AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para Adharita mAnA jaaygaa| (33) tRNam :- isakA artha tinakA hotA hai| dhAtuja siddhAMtake virodhiyoMkA tarka hai ki jo vastu cubha jAya use isa AdhAra para tRNa kahA jaaygaa| yat kiMcit tRndyAt tRNaM tat'94 tRddhAtu se tRNa zabda mAnA jAtA hai| isake samAdhAnameM yAskakA kahanA hai ki sabhI cheda karane vAle padArtha tRNa nahIM kahe jAte apitu loka vyavahArake kAraNa tRNa vizeSa hI usakA vAcaka hotA hai| tRNa zabda AkhyAtaja hone para bhI aspaSTa vyutpatti vAlA hai| phalataH yAskane isake lie nirvacana nahIM prastuta kiyaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra tRN adane + ghaJ pratyaya kara banAyA jAtA hai|95 (34) puruSa :- puruSa manuSya kA vAcaka hai| niruktoM isake lie kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM 1-zarIra yA buddhimeM viSayopalabdhike lie rahatA hai isalie puruSa kahalAtA hai- 'puruSaH puruSAdaH 96 isake anusAra puruSa zabda meM puru+sad (Sadala viSaraNagatyavasAdaneSu) puriSAdaH purussH| 2- vizeSa kara zarIrameM zayana karaneke kAraNa puruSa kahalAtA hai- 'purizayaH 97 isameM pura +zI svapne dhAtukA yoga hai| pura +zIG = purizaya puruSa: (puri zarIre zete iti purizayaH puruSaH) ina nirvacanoM se patA calatA hai ki puruSa jIvAtmAkA vAcaka hai|98 3. puruSake vyApaka honeke kAraNa sampUrNa jagat pUrNa hai| pUrayate' isake AdhAra para puruSa zabdamai purI ApyAyane dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana paramAtmAke arthako dyotita karatA hai| uparyukta sabhI nirvacana arthAtmaka dRSTi se upayukta haiN| (pUryate aSTabhidhAtubhiriti puHzarIraM tasmin puri zubhAzubhakarmaphalabhogAya zete athavA sIdatIti purizayaH puriSadovA) 133 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ pura+Sad = puruSa meM ra meM u kA Agama mAnA jAtA hai| DA. varmA isa nirvacanako aspaSTa mAnate haiN|99 bhASA vijJAnake anusAra pR dhAtu meM us pratyaya karane para puruSa zabda banatA hai| madhyakAlIna bhAratIya bhASAoMmeM puriza zabda milatA hai jo pR + isa se bane haiN| ataH pratyaya bhedase usako bhI pratyaya honA siddha hotA hai| amara koSake prasiddha TIkAkAra kSIrasvAmIne puruSa100 ko zarIra meM zayana karane se yA zarIra meM pUrNa hone se yA zarIrameM palaneke kAraNa hI puruSa kahA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise purI ApyAyane dhAtuse kuSan101 pratyaya karane para banAyA jA sakatA hai| Aja kala strItva bhinnake lie prayukta puruSa zabdameM artha saMkoca ho gayA hai| darzana granthoMmeM puruSa prAya: brahmakA hI vAcaka hai| lokameM usake lie paramAdi vizeSaNakA prayoga hotA hai- parama puruSa aadi| yAskakA yaha nirvacana AdhyAtmika arthakA pratipAdaka hai| (35) pRthivI :- pRthvIkA artha dharitrI hotA hai| yAskake anusAra phailI huI honeke kAraNa pRthivI nAma par3A-'prathanAt pRthivI iti AhuH 102 isameM prath vistAre dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanameM dRzyAtmaka AdhAra apanAyA gayA hai|103 isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai ise bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se saMgata mAnA jaayegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha prath vistAre dhAtu se Sivan104 + GIS pratyaya karane para banAyA jA sakatA hai| DA. varmA ise avikasita tatkAlIna mASA vijJAnakA pariNAma mAnate haiN|105 grIka evaM lithuAniyana kA plAtu (Platue) zabda yAskake nirvacanake nikaTa kA hai| (36) bilvam :- isakA artha bela hotA hai| niruktake anusAra ise khAne para logoMkA bharaNa poSaNa hotA hai yA khAne ke samaya ise phor3a kara hI khAnA par3atA hai isalie ise bilva kahate haiM- 'bilvaM bharaNAt bhedanAdvA 106 prathama nirvacana meM mRJ bharaNe dhAtu kA yoga hai tathA dvitIyameM bhid vivAraNe dhaatukaa| mR-bilva, mid-milvbilv| donoM nirvacana arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta haiM lekina dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise donoM apUrNa haiN| yAskake nirvacanoMse spaSTa hotA hai ki unake samayameM bilva bharaNa poSaNa ke mukhya sAdhanoMmeM eka thaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise bila bhedane dhAtuse banAyA jA sakatA hai| ma dhvanikA alpaprANIkaraNa rUpa ba yahAM prApta hotA hai| (37) avasam:- pthydn|107pthydn pAtheyako kahate haiN|avs zabdameM gatyarthaka av dhAtu evaM as pratyayakA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra isakA saMgata hai lekina arthAtmakatA aspaSTa hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise ise pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| 134 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (38) tviSi :- yaha dIpti yA kAntikA vAcaka hai / 107 tviS kAntau dhAtuse yaha zabda niSpanna hai| yAskane ise aspaSTa hI chor3a diyA hai| arthakA nirdeza dhvanyAtmaka saMgatise yuktaM hai| (39) sthANu:- sthANukA artha ziva evaM TUTa vRkSa donoM hotA hai| prasaMgata: niruktameM sthANu kA prayoga ThUMTha vRkSake lie huA hai| yAskakA kahanA hai ki yaha nitya ThaharA rahatA hai isalie ise sthANukI saMjJA dI gayI hai :- 'sthANustiSThate '107 isa zabdameM sthA dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise sthA + nuH pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| kAlAntara meM sthANu zabdake anya artha mI. prApta haiN| yaha zivakA vAcaka bhI mAnA jAtA hai| lekina niruktameM zivake lie sthANu zabdakA prayoga nahIM huA hai| (40) artha :- arthake dhana, prayojana, vastu, nivRtti, abhidheya Adi kaI artha hote haiN|109 niruktameM isake lie do nirvacana prApta hote haiN| :- (1) 'arte : 110 isameM R gatau dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki isake pAsa yAcaka jAte haiM / 112 R kA ar (guNa hokara) +tha pratyaya se yaha zabda banatA hai| yaha gatimAna hotA hai eka vyaktise dUsare vyaktike pAsa jAtA rahatA hai| (2) 'araNastho vA '1100 isameM ar sthA dhAtukA yoga hai| mAlika kI mRtyu hone para yaha yahIM raha jAtA hai- 112 asthA kA tha arthaH / donoM nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta haiM kyoMki donoM nirvacanoMmeM dhvanyAtmaka - evaM arthAtmaka mUlya surakSita haiN| niruktakA artha zabda dhana vAcaka hai| isakI samAnatAke AdhAra para hI zabdArthako bhI artha kaha sakate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise Rgatau dhAtu se sthan 1 13 pratyaya karake banAyA jA sakatA hai. R-ar + sthantha = arthH| artha upayAMJcAyAmU+ghaJ 114 pratyaya = artha: banAyA jA sakatA hai| (41) bilmam:- bilmakA artha vargIkaraNa yA vibhAga hotA hai| niruktameM vilmamke lie do nirvacana prApta hote haiM:- (1) bhilmam '113 yaha bhedana arthako vyakta karatA hai| bhedanase tAtparya vedoMke bhedase hai| milmam- bilmam bha kA ba meM varNa-parivartana hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra para yaha nirvacana upayukta nahIM hai| (2) bilma mAsanamitivA' 115 isameM mAs dIptau dhAtukA yoga hai| prakAzita honeke kAraNa hI bilma huaa| vedAMga vijJAnase vedArtha prakAzita hotA hai / 116 yaha nirvacana bhI dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise apUrNa hai| 135 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yAskake donoM nirvacana arthAtmaka AdhAra para AdhArita haiN| bhid se bhilmam- bilmam tathA bhAs- bilmam meM dhvanyAtmakatAkA abhAva hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise bil+man kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (42) dhAtu :- dhAtukA sAmAnya artha hotA hai kriyAkA mUla rUpa / jo arthako dhAraNa kare vaha dhAtu kahalAtA hai| niruktameM prApta nirvacanoMse bhI artha dhAraNa karane vAlA hI spaSTa hotA hai- 'dhAtuH dadhAte : '117 isameM dhA dhAtukA yoga hai| arthako dhAraNa karane vAlA dhAtu hai| dhAtuse yahAM tAtparya hai bhU, edh, paT Adi zabdotpattike kAraNa bhUta mUla rUpa se| yaha nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise sarvathA upayukta hai / vyAkaraNake AdhAra para yaha DudhAJ dhAraNa poSaNayoH + tun 118 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| koSa granthoM meM dhAtuke aneka artha prApta haiM- 119 kapha Adi, rasa Adi, rakta Adi, pRthvI Adi, paMcamahAbhUta evaM gaMdharUpa Adi usake guNa, indriya, mainasila patthara, patthara ke vikAra se utpanna padArtha, bhU, paTh Adi mUla rUpa, sonA cAMdI Adi dhAtu ke artha meM parigaNita haiN| ise AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita mAnA jA sakatA hai| (43) vAravantam :- keza se yukta / vAra-vAla ghor3e ke vAla kA pratIka / yAskane vAravantam zabda ko vAlavantam 117 kaha kara spaSTa kiyA hai bAra evaM vAla meM ra tathA la kI samAnatA kA AdhAra apanAyA gayA hai| niruktameM ra evaM la kI samAnatAke udAharaNa anyatra bhI prApta hote haiN| azrImat - azlIla aadi| yaha nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTi se upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| (44) daMza :- isakA artha hotA hai usane vAlA, macchara, kITa vizeSa Adi / 120 niruktake anusAra yaha daMzana kriyAke kAraNa daMza kahalAtA hai| yaha saMjJApada hai'daMzo daMzate'117 isameM daMz daMzane dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase puSTa hai| hindI bhASAmeM isakA tadbhava rUpa DaMsa yA DAsA zabda kA prayoga abhI bhI hotA hai| Aja yaha sAmAnya macchara Adise haTa kara macchara vizeSakA artha dyotita karatA hai jo jAnavaroMko varasAtameM adhika taMga karatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra daMz dhAtuse ac 121 pratyaya karane para daMza banatA hai| (45) mRga:- mRgakA artha yahAM pazu hai| niruktake anusAra nitya gamana karaneke kAraNa mRga kahalAtA hai - 'mRga: mArSTagatikarmaNa: '122 mRga zabda gati artha vAle mRj dhAtuse banatA hai| gatyarthaka mRj dhAtu naighaNTuka paThita hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM 136 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| mRga kA prAcIna artha jAnavara hI hai jo mRgendra, mRgarAja, mRgAdhipa Adi zabdoMse spaSTa ho jAtA hai| yAskake samaya bhI mRga pazukA hI vAcaka thaa| Aja kala mRga pazu vizeSa hariNake lie prayukta hotA hai| isa zabda meM arthApakarSa pAyA jAtA hai| DA. lakSmaNa sarUpane bhI mRgakA artha pazu hI kiyA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise mRg anveSaNe dhAtuse kaH pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| kAlAntara meM hariNakA AkheTa vizeSa rUpameM hotA thaa| phalataH mRgakA artha hariNa ho gyaa| isameM artha saMkoca bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| (46) bhIma :- isakA artha bhayaMkara hotA hai| niruktake anusAra isakA artha hogA jisase loga Darate haiM vaha bhIma kahalAtA hai- 'vibhyati asmAt 123 isa zabda meM bhI bhaye dhAtakA yoga hai| yaha vizeSaNa pada hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise mI dhAtu ra mak34 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhIma zabda ziva evaM pANDu putrake lie bhI prayukta hotA hai| bhISaNatA yA bhayotpAdakatAkA sAdRzya hI isakA kAraNa hai| (47) bhISma :- bhISmakA artha bhI bhayaMkara hotA hai| isa zabdake nirvacanameM yAskakA kahanA hai ki bhImake sadRzahI bhISmakA bhI nirvacana hotA hai- 'bhISmaH api etasmAdeva'123 arthAt bhISma zabda bhI bhIma zabdakI taraha bhI bhaye dhAtuse hI banatA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise bhI bhaye+makSugAgama125=bhISmaH banAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI vizeSaNa pada hai| yAska ne saMjJApadake rUpameM bhIma yA bhISmakA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| (48) kucara :- isakA artha hotA hai kutsita karmakA AcaraNa karane vaalaa| carati karma kutsitaM.29 arthAt nindanIya kArya karane vaalaa| isa nirvacana meM ku evaM cara do khaNDa haiN| ku kutsita karmakA vAcaka hai tathA car gatau dhAtu hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| 'kvAyaM na caratIti'126 arthAt ye kahAM nahIM vicaraNa karate haiN| isa nirvacanameM ku kva kA vAcaka hai tathA car gatau dhaatu| kv+cr-kucrH| yAskakA yaha dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise ku+ca+127 ac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskakA dvitIya nirvacana devatA arthameM prayukta hai| yaha devatAoMke sarvatragamana rUpa sthiti ko spaSTa karatA hai| prathama nirvacana vyavahAra paraka haiN| 137 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (49) giriSThA :- parvata para baiThane vaalaa|126 yAskane giristhAyI kaha kara giriSThA zabdako spaSTa kiyA hai| giri+sthaa| sthA kA SThA meM parivartana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa kI prakriyA ke anusAra bhI yaha zabda isI prakAra bnegaa| giri+sthA dd-giristh-girisstth-girisstthaa| (50) giri :- girikA artha parvata hotA hai| yAskake anusAra yaha Upara uThA hotA hai yA pRthvIse nikalA hotA hai, isalie ise giri kahate haiM-giri:samudgINoM bhavati' isa zabdameM gR dhAtukA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise gR+vAhulakAtki:128 kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (51) parvata :- parvatakA artha pahAr3a hotA hai| niruktameM parvavAn ko parvata kahA gayA hai| parvakA artha sandhi hotA hai| parvake lie do nirvacana yahAM kie gae haiM :- (1) pRNAti:129 isake anusAra parva zabdameM pUraNArthaka pR dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) prINAte: 129 isake anusAra parva zabda meM prazaMsArthaka prI dhAtukA yoga hai| prasaMzArthaka prI dhAtu se parva mAnane para yaha ardhamAsa parva (amAvAzyA) pUrNimAke lie prayukta hogA kyoMki isameM devatA Adi prasanna kie jAte haiN| sandhi vAcaka parva zabda bhI isI zabda sAmAnya ke anusAra siddha ho jaayegaa| 130 kRSNapakSa evaM zukla pakSakI sandhi para Aneke kAraNa darzapaurNamAsa parva kahalAtA hai| ata: sandhike kAraNa parvase parvata bnaa| yAskake nirvacanameM pR dhAtu + matvarthIya pratyaya hai| arthAtmaka dRSTi se donoM nirvacana parvake lie upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra parva pUraNe dhAtuse atac131 pratyaya kara parvata zabda banAyA jaaegaa| (52) parva :- sandhi yA tyohArakA vAcaka hai| isakA vizeSa ullekha parvatameM kiyA jA cukA hai| -: sandarbha saMketa : 1.di nighaNTu eNDa di nirukta-lakSmaNa svruup-pR14,2.ni.du.vR.1|1, 3. 'chandobhya:samAhRtya samAhRtya samAmnAtA: ni.1|1,4.ni.1|1,5. nighaNTava ityatiparokSavRttiH nigantava iti parIkSavRtti : nigamayitAraH itipratyakSavRttiH ni,duvR.1|1|1 pR.5,6.unnaa-1|38,7.ni. 1 / 2, 8. "mantra vyAkhyAkRdAcAryaH" amarakoSa-277, 9.' upanIya tu ya:ziSyaM vedamadhyApayedvijaH, sAMgaMca sarahasyaMca tamAcArya prcksste||''mnu 2 / 140, 10. svayamAcarate yasmAdAcAraM sthApayatyapi, Acinoti ca zAstrArthAn yamaH sanniyamairyutaH / / ' -vA. pu. 59 / 30, 11. yAvakastu kulmASa : ama. 138 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ko. - :- 2 / 9 / 18 'kulmASoyAvake prokta: kulmASaM kAMjike'pi ca'- (vizvakoSa - 102 / 12), 12. ama ko. 2 / 8 / 39, 13. karmaNyaN- aSTA. 31211, 14 tadasminnannaM prAye saMjJAyAm- aSTA. 2 / 5 / 82 kulmASAdaJ aSTA. 2/5/83, 15. ni. 12, 16. ama. ko . 3 / 3 / 230, 17. uNA. 4 / 189, 18. ni. 12, 19. ni. 1/2, 6 / 6, 20. `zAkhA drumAMze vedAMze bhuje pakSAntare'ntike - haima :- 2 / 27, 21. ni. 12- dyuH itiana: nAmadheyam, 22. ni. 1/2, 23. ama. ko . 3 / 4.22, 24. ni. 12, 25. ni. 12, 26. adibhuvoDutaJ - uNA 511, 27. na satAmAneya:- ni.du.vR. 13, 28. 'aghnyAditvAt ya: ' uNA 4 112, 29. ni. 13, 30. ni. 13, 31. vriyate hyasau ni. du.vR. 1 32, 32. ni. du.vR. 5/1, 33. ni. 6 2, 34. maghamiti dhananAmadheyam - ni . 113 35. khaghathadhamAMha:prAkR prakA., 36. ni. 2/17 (AhantIti), 37. ni. 1 / 3, 38. yajJaM hi yatkiMcidvigatardrikaM mavati tadiyaM samarddhayati-ni. du.vR. 11312, 39. dakSaterutsAhakarmaNaH dAzate rvA syAddAna karmaNa: - ni 113, 40 drudakSibhyAminan- uNA 2 / 50, 41. ni. 113, 42. hase hasane mRgR. tan - uNA 3 / 86 45 pRSadvRhanmahat. - uNA - 284, 46. ni. 1 / 3, 47. pacAdyac- aSTA 3 / 1 / 134, 48. aSTA 3/1/135, 49. uNA. 2 / 13, 50. ni. 113, 51. nAmansIman - uNA 4 151, 52. DAbumAbhyAm - aSTA 4 / 1 / 13, 53. ni. 7 / 3, 54 gAyatrImeM tIna caraNa hote haiM tathA pratyeka caraNameM ATha-ATha akSara hote haiN| trigamanase tAtparya tIna caraNoMse hI hai|, 55. ni. 7 / 3, 56. aSTA 323, 57. ni. 1 / 3, 58. uNA. 4 / 112, vanoraca- aSTA. 4 / 1 / 7, 59 brahmA sarvavidyaH sarvaM veditumarhati - ni. 1 3 60. unnaa.4|146,61.ni. 1 / 3, 62. udhvaramadhIte ya: so'dhvaryu : ni. du.vR. 11313, 63 kavyadhvarapRtanasya- aSTA 7 / 4 / 39, 64. kyAcchandasi - aSTA 3 / 2 / 70, 65.vA. 3|2|180,66.ni.13,67. tasmAdete vyaktatareiva bhavanti iti ha vijJAyate niM. 1|3,68.ashernit-unnaa. 3 / 156, 69. uNA. 4 / 118, 70.ni. 1 / 3, 71. The Etymologies of Yaska, P. 89, 72. kR. vRjUsiitina: uNA. 3 / 10, 73. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 134, 74.ni.113, 75. asyatyanena varNAnityAsyam, annametadAsyandata itivA''syam- mahA.mA. 1 1 9, 76. aSTA 3 / 3 / 113, 77. anyebhyo'pi vA 312 |101,78.kr.8|34|2, 79. ni. 1 3,80. pramANe dvayasaj daghnaJmAtracaH aSTA. 139 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska * .
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________________ 5 / 1 / 118, 81. Linguistic Introduction to Sanskrit-Bat Krishma Chosh, 82. ni. 1 / 3, 83. grIzme'pi hyasau zItala eva bhavati -ni.du.vR.1|3, 84. pacAdyac- aSTA . 3 / 1.134, pRSAdarAditvAt-Trasva: aSTA. 6 / 3 / 109,85. ajirazizira. uNA. 153, 86. ni. 1 / 3, 87. vA. 3 / 3 / 108, 88. nIcairasminnayate gamyate itinrkmni.du.vR.1|3|6, 89. kRtrAdibhyaH saMjJAyAM bun-uNA. 535.90. sAhyabhiSUyate anekaivyaiH piSTAdimiH-ni.du.vR. 1 / 3.6,91. Atazcopasarge-aSTA. 3 / 3 / 116, 92.ni.217, 93. azUghuSilaTi-uNA. 1 / 151 itikvaNa, 94. ni. 1 / 4, 95. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, 96. ni. 2 / 1, 97. 'puH zarIraM vuddhirvA tayorasau viSayopaladhyartha sIdatIti puriSAdaH purussH| tayorasauzete vizeSeNAste iti purizayaH san puruSa ityucyte|' (ni.du.1.2|1|5), 98. 'pUrNamanena puruSeNa sarvagatatvAt jagaditipuruSaH' (ni.du.vR. 2 / 1 / 5), 99. The Etymologies of Yaska, P. 139, 100. purizayanAt pUraNAt vA pAlanAt ca paruSa' (ama. ko. 3 / 3 / 21 (kSI.svA.), 101. uNA. 4174, 102. ni. 1 / 4, 103. 'athavai darzane pRtharaprathitA cedapyanyaiH' ni.1|4, 104. prathe: Sivan samprasAraNaMca-uNA. 1 / 149, 105. The Etymologies of Yaska, 106. ni. 1 / 4, 107. ni. 16, 108. uNA. 3 / 37, 109. artho viSayArthanayordhana kAraNa vstussu| abhidheye ca zabdAnAM nivRttau ca pryojne||- medi. ko. 72 / 2, 110. ni. 1 / 6, 111. arthyate hyasAvarthimi: ni.du.vR. 1 / 6 / 3, 112. yadAsya svAmI arati gacchati ito lokAdamuM lokaM tadAyamihaiva tiSThati' ni.du.vR. 1 / 6 / 3, 113. uSikuSigArtibhyasthan-uNA. 2 / 4, 114. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, 115. ni. 1 / 6, 116. bhAsanameva bilma zabdenocyate vedAMga vijJAnena bhAsate, prakAzate vedArtha iti- ni.du.vR. 1 / 6 / 6, 117. ni. 16, 118. sita nigami.-uNA. 1169, 119. zleSmAdi rasaraktAdi mahAbhUtAni tadguNA: indriyANyazmavikRtiHzabdayonizca dhaatvH||' ama. ko 3 / 3 / 65, 120. daMzastu vanamakSikAama. ko 2 / 5 / 27, 121. aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 122. ni. 16 nityaM hyasaugacchatini.du.vR. 116, 123. ni. 116, 124. miya. Suk vA uNA. (11148) iti mak pratyayaH ssugmaave|, 125. miyaH pugvA- uNA. 1 / 145 itimak ssugaagmshc|, 126. ni. 1 / 6, 127. aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 128. Rta iddhAto: aSTA. 7 / 1 / 100, 129. ni. 17, 130. ardhamAsaparva-devAna asmina prINanti iti| tatprakRti itarat sandhi sAmAnyAt- ni.1|6,131. mRmRdRzivajiparvipaciUmitamina mihryebhyo'tc-unnaa.3|110. 140 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (kha) nirUktake dvitIya adhyAyake nirvacanoM kA mUlyAMkana nirukta ke dvitIya adhyAyakA mUla pratipAdya nirvacana hai| dvitIya adhyAyake prathama pAdameM nirvacanakI prakriyAkA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| nirvacana siddhAntoMkI sthApanAmeM lagabhaga 59 zabda vivecita hai| inameM kucha zabda to prasaMgataH prApta haiM tathA kucha vibhinna siddhAntoMke drshnaarth| dvitIya adhyAyakA dvitIya pAda nighaNTuke zabdoMkI vyAkhyAse AraMbha hotA hai| nighaNTukA prathama adhyAya jisameM kula 17 khaNDa evaM 414 zabda haiM, ke nirvacanakA prAraMbhika sthala dvitIya pAda hI hai| nighaNTuke prathama adhyAya ke prathama khaNDameM pRthivI ke 21 nAma saMkalita haiN| niruktake dvitIya pAdameM ina nAmoMkA nirvacana huA hai| yAskane yahAM pRthivIke ikkIsa nAmoMkA.nirvacana prastuta nahIM kara inake kucha zabdoMko samatAke AdhAra para hI nirvacana kara lenA cAhie-yaha kahakara chuTTI le lI hai| ina zabdoM ke nirvacana kramameM prasaMgataH prApta anya zabda bhI nirvacanake prakAzase alaga nahIM rhe| dvitIya pAdameM mAtra unnIsa zabda vivecita haiN| nighaNTuke prathama adhyAyake kula 414 zabdoMke nirvacanakI prakriyA yAska isa adhyAyake dvitIya pAdase lekara saptama pAda taka sampanna kara lete haiN| 6 yAtavya haiM ve sAre zabda vivecita nahIM hote| nighaNTuke pratyeka khaNDase kucha zabdoMko upasthApita kara usa khaNDakI samApti kara dete haiN| itanA avazya haiki isa prasaMga meM anya prApta zabdoMkI vyAkhyA bhI ho jAtI hai| nighaNTuke prathama adhyAyameM 17 khaNDa haiM jinameM 17 zabdoMke paryAyavAcI zabda saMgrahita hai| niruktake dvitIya adhyAyameM kula nirvacanoMkI saMkhyA 151 hai| kula sAta padoMmeM kramazaH 56, 19, 15, 9, 13, 22, evaM 17 zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiN| dvitIya pAdase saptama pAda taka jinameM naighaNTuka zabdoMkI vyAkhyA huI hai, kula 94 zabda hai| ye sAre zabda nighaNTuke prathama adhyAyameM paThita nahIM hai balki kucha prasaMgataH prApta bhI hai| isa adhyAyameM prApta nirvacana jo bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise tathA nirvacana prakriyAse pUrNa hai, nimnalikhita hai : prattam, avattam, staH, santi, gatvA, gatam, jagmatuH jagmuH, rAjA, daNDI, tattvAyAmi, tRcaH, jyotiH, ghanaH, vindu, vATyaH, 141 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ rajjuH, tarka,oghaH, megha, nAdhaH, gAdhaH vadhU, madhu, Asthat, dvAra, bharujA, Uti, mRduH, pRthu pRSataH, kuNAAru, damUnas, kSetrasAdhA, uSNam, dhRtam, kambojAH, dAti, dAtram, daNDyaH , rAjapuruSaH, purUSaH, kalyANavarNarUpaH, varNaH, rUpam, go, matsaraH, payaH, kSIram, carma, vRkSaH, kSA, amImayat, vayaH, bhUri, pAdaH, mAtA, yoni, samudraH,ASTiSeNaH, putraH, RSiH, uttaraH, adharaH, purohitaH, rarANa, vratam, pRzniH, viSTap, nabhaH, dizaH, kASThA, zarIram, dIrgham, Azayat, indrazatru, paNiH, rAtriH, uSas ruzat, zvetyA, kRSNaH, upara, prathama, vRvUkam, purISa, vAk, zuSmam, visam, udakam, nadI, vizvAmitraH, sarvam, paijavana, Rtam, eva, Rtu, abhIkSNam, kSaNaH, kAlaH, pANi:, urvI, grIvA, panthA, aNkH| arthAtmaka AdhAra para pUrNataH AdhArita nirvacanoMmeM rAjA, tRca, Uti, kambala, kakSyA, kalyANa, aMzu, zRMga, niRti, vavriH, antarikSa, Aditya, svaH, nAka, razmi tama, ahiH, vRtraH, ahaH, sAnu pijavana Adi parigaNita kie jA sakate haiN| vyAvahArika evaM bhaugolika AdhAra rakhane vAle nirvacana haiM:- kambojAH, zavati, zava, dAtra, nAka, nabhaH, pANiH Adi / aitihAsika mahattva se sampanna nirvacanoMmeM zantanuH, vRtrazatruH, vRtraH, vizvAmitraH, paijavanaH, kuzikaH Adi samAviSTa haiN| AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita hiraNya zabda vivecita haiN| asaMgata sArUpyake rUpameM anUpa zabda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTi se stokaH, sikatA, dAsaH parUSaH, aghaH, kambalaH, daNDaH, vizcakadrAkarSaH, kalyANaM, nidhi, vabri, antarikSam, senA, razmi vilam muhuH evaM dadhikrA Adi pUrNasaMmata nahIM hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM hI gau, dyau, meghaH rAjA evaM yoni zabdoMko do bAra vivecita kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAyake pratyeka nirvacanoMkA pRthak samIkSaNa draSya hai: (1) prattam :- isakA artha hotA hai diyA gyaa| nirvacanameM dhAtvAdizeSa hI kahIM kahIM rahatA hai isake udAharaNa svarUpa yAska prattam ko upasthApita hai ' prattamavattamiti dhAtvAdI eva ziSyete' prattam zabdameM pra+dA+kta - / pradattam zabda sthita dA dhAtu kA Adi d hI zeSa rahatA hai pra+(dA) - prattam / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa " yutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ - ke anusAra ise pra+dA' (dad) + kta, pra+d+kta pra + t + ta - prattam banAyA jA sakatA hai| ise pradattam kA hrasva rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika mAnyatA hai ki kucha zabda kAlAntarameM ghisa kara choTe ho jAte haiN| lagatA hai prattam zabda isI kA pariNAma hai / (2) avattam :- avattam kA artha hotA hai diyA gayA / yaha nirvacana kramameM dhAtvAdi zeSakA udAharaNa hai| yaha ava+do avakhaNDane dhAtuse kta pratyaya karane para banatA hai / ava+do+kta - avadattam - avattam yahAM do dhAtu kA Adi bhAga d hI zeSa rahatA hai tathA d kA t hokara avattam rUpa banatA hai| yaha nirvacana upayukta hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise ava +do+kta, ava - do' - dA+kta -avadAtta, ava-da'+ (t) +kta -ava +t+t - avattam mAnA jA sakatA hai| avadattam se avattam kI saMbhAvanA adhika hai / yadyapi yAskane isa zabdameM do avakhaNDane dhAtukA yoga mAnA hai| (3) staH- yaha as bhuvi dhAtuke prathamapurUSa dvivacana kA rUpa hai| staH meM as dhAtuke AdyakSara a kA lopa ho gayA hai| nirvacana kramameM yAska apanA sidvAnta dete haiki nivRtti sthAna 9 meM arthAt guNa vRddhise rahita sthAna meM arthAt dhAtu kI mUlAvasthAmeM rahane para dhAtuke akSarakA lopa ho jAtA hai / nivRtti sthAna ko bhASAvijJAnake zabdoM meM mAM jmataupadaMjapavada kahate haiM / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha nirvacana upayukta hai tathA nirvacana sidvAnta ke anukUla hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra as bhuvi+tas pratyaya - akAra lopa 7 - staH banAyA jA sakatA hai / (4) santi : -- - yaha as bhuvi dhAtuke prathamapurUSa bahuvacanakA rUpa hai| isa zabdameM bhI as bhuvi dhAtuke AdyakSara a kA lopa ho gayA hai| as+jhi, as - s+jhi - anti - santi / akSara lopa nirvacana siddhAntoMmeM eka hai / 8 yaha lopa kaI rUpoMmeM ho sakatA hai, Adilopa, madhyalopa, antyalopa Adi / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase yaha sarvathA upayukta hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra as bhuvi dhAtu ke a kA lopa ho jAtA hai phalataH as s+jhi - anti santi rUpa banatA hai| yahAM bhI nivRtti sthAnameM guNa vRddhi niSedha hai / ' (5) gatvA :- gatvAkA artha hotA hai jaakr| yaha pUrvakAlika kriyA hai / 143 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska -:
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________________ gam dhAtuse ktvA pratyaya karane para gatvA rUpa banatA hai| varNa lopa siddhAnta ke anusAra dhAtukA antyAkSara bhI lopa hotA hai / yaha antyAkSara lopakA hI udAharaNa hai / gam dhAtukA antyAkSar m kA lopa ho gayA hai phalataH gam -ga+ktvA-tvA-gatvA / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha sarvathA upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI isameM dhAtuke m" kA lopa ho jAtA hai gam ktvA - gatvA / (6) gatam :- isakA artha hotA hai gyaa| yaha gam dhAtu+niSThA" (kta) pratyayase niSpanna rUpa hai| yahAM bhI dhAtu sthita antima akSarakA lopa ho gayA hai gam--ga+kta - (ta)-- gatam / yAska ise dhAtuke antyAkSara lopake udAharaNameM prastuta karate haiM / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha upayukta hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI yaha sarvathA upayukta hai kyoMki yahAM bhI gam dhAtu sthita antyAkSara kA lopa 12 ho jAtA hai / (7) jagmatu :- yaha zabda gam dhAtuke liT lakAra prathamapurUSa dvivacanakA . rUpa hai| isakA artha hotA hai (do) gaye / yAska dhAtu sthita upadhAlopa ke udAharaNameM ise prastuta karate haiN| kisI zabdakai antima varNase pUrva varNako upadhA kahA jAtA hai| 14 yahAM gam dhAtumeM ga sthita a upadhA hai| ataH isa zabdameM ja+gam+gm +atus pratyaya hai / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha upayukta hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI ise gam- gam + gam - ja+ gam + atus - jagmatuH banAyA jA sakatA hai / (8) jagmu :- isakA artha hotA hai gye| yaha gam dhAtuke liT lakAra prathama purUSa vahuvacanakA rUpa hai| yaha bhI upaghA lopakA udAharaNa hai| isameM gam dhAtuke ga sthita a upadhAkA lopa ho gayA hai / ja+gam + us - jagmuH / vyAkaraNa evaM bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha upayukta hai / (1) rAjA :- - rAjAkA artha, adhipati, candramA, kSatriya, svAmI, yakSa, indra Adi hotA hai / '' yaha rAjan zabdake prathamA ekavacanakA rUpa hai| yAMskake anusAra yaha zabda rAj dIptau dhAtuse banatA hai / rAjA rAjateH 20 vaha pAMca lokapAloMke zarIrase dIpta hotA hai|" upadhA vikArameM rAjA zabdako uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| rAjanmeM ja sthita a kA A meM parivartana upadhA vikAra hai 144: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ rAjan-a -aa-raajaa| upadhA vikArako bhASA vijJAnake zabdoMmeM svara dIrdhIkaraNa bhI kaha sakate haiN| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka mahattvase yukta hai| prakRti raMjanase bhI rAjA kahalAtA hai|" rAz2a, raMja evaM raj ina tInoM dhAtuoMse rAjA zabda bana sakatA hai kyoMki ina tInoM dhAtuoMmeM koI viziSTa bheda nahIM hai| raj dhAtukA hI vRddhigata rUpa rAjdhAtu hai jisase rAjA zabda banatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise rAja dIptau dhAtuse kanin pratyaya karane para banAyA jA sakatA hai| laiTina kI pahava zabda isIke samAna hai jisakA artha hotA hai nirdeza krnaa| (10) daNDI :- isakA artha saMnyAsI hotA hai| isakA zAbdika artha hotA haidaNDadhAraNa karane vaalaa| yaha zabda daNDina zabdake prathamA eka vacanakA rUpa hai daNDin zabdake upadhAmeM parivartana ho jAnese daNDI zabda banatA hai| upadhA vikAra pradarzanameM hI isa zabdako bhI upasthApita kiyA gayA hai|" daNDin zabdameM Di sthita 'i' upadhA hai| isa upadhA i kA dIrdhIkaraNa parivartana kahA jayagA |bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise yaha upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusArabhI daNDin zabdameM ikAI upayukta hai| bhAratIya saskRtimeM saMnyAsa grahaNa karane vAlAko daNDadhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| (11) tattvAyAmi :- isakA pUrNa rUpa 'tat tvAM yAcAmi hai| mai tujhase usakI yAcanA karatA hU~ isa arthameM tattvAyAmi kA prayoga hotA hai| tattvA yAcAmi-calopa-yAmi-yAcAmi vaidika prayoga hai| laukika saMskRtameM yAc dhAtukA rUpayAce hotA hai| varNalopa bhASA vijJAna ke anukUla hai| isameM vanyAtamakatA surakSita hai| tat. evaM tvAmke kramazaH t evaM m varNakA bhI lopa dekhA jAtA hai varNa lopake prasaMgameM isa zabdako upasthApita kiyA gayA hai| yAska yahAM yAcAmikeca kA lopa dikhalAnAhI abhISTa samajhate haiN| yAcAmise yAmimeM do varNokA lopa dekhA jAtA hai ca evaM A kA | bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise ise prayatna lAdhavakA pariNAma kahA jaaygaa| prayatna lAdhava kI pravRtti prAyaH bhASAoMmeM dekhI jAtI hai| yAmizabdako yA dhAtuse bhI niSpanna mAnA jA sakatA hai| prayoga meM dhAtvartha bhinna ho gaye hai| (12) tRca :- isakA artha hotA hai tIna RcAeM / yaha zabda tri+Rca zabdoMke yogase banA hai (timraH RcaH tRcaH) tri sthita ra evaM i kA lopa ho gayA 145: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai|24 tri-ta+RcaH- tRcaH / durgAcArya ne apane durgabhASyameM tri kA tR samprasAraNa ke dvArA mAnA hai aura R kA lopa batalAyA hai| RR meM repha bhI samAviSTa hai| 25 ataH do varNoMke lopa kA udAharaNa isa rUpa meM sambhata hai| mahAbhASya meM bhI tri ke tR samprasAraNakI puSTi hotI hai | 26 yAskane do varNo ke lopa ke udAharaNameM tRca ko upasthita kiyA hai ataH agara tri ke hI r evaM i kA lopa mAna liyA jAya to do varNoMkA lopa ho jAtA hai tathA t+Rca - tRca zabda avaziSTa rahatA hai vyAkaraNakI dRSTi se samprasAraNa kara bhale hI R kA lopa mAna leM lekina bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise r evaM i kA lopa karanA hI jyAdA tarka saMgata hogaa| yAskakI isa vyAkhyAmeM dhvanyAtmakatA evaM arthAtmakatA surakSita hai / bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA ! : (13) jyoti : - isakA artha prakAza, nakSatra, dRSTi Adi hotA hai / yAska Adi varNa viparyaya" ke udAharaNameM jyoti zabdako upasthApita karate haiM / dyut dIptau dhAtuke AdyakSa d kA ja ho gayA hai d yu t j - yu-t-jyut - jyotiH / bhASA vijJAnameM bhI varNa viparyayakI mAnyatA hai / varNa viparyayako bhASA vijJAnake zabdoMmeM DamajaMjImepe kahA jAtA hai| ataH bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha upayukta hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise dyut dIptau + auNAdika is pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (14) ghana :- ghanakA artha ghanA, bAdala, lauhamudgara, kAThinya Adi hotA hai| 28 yaha zabda han dhAtuse banA hai / han dhAtu sthila ha kA gha varNa viparyaya hokara gha+n+ap - ghanaH zabda banegA / ( hanyate hananamiti vA ghanaH ) jisase mArA jAya use ghana kahate haiM / hanse ghana zabdameM Adi viparyaya hai / bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise yaha nirvacana upayukta hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise han hiMsAgatyauH+ap" pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| ha kA gha parivartana anya zabdoMmeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai-- han - jaghanam / ghanakA prayoga samprati lauhamudgara evaM bAdalake arthameM adhika hotA hai / (15) bindu :- isakA artha bUMda hotA hai| yaha zabda bhid vidAraNe dhAtu se banatA hai / yAska ise AdyakSara viparyayake rUpameM prastuta karate haiM / bhid meM AdyakSara bha kA ba hokara bid -u- binduH / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha nirvacana 146 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ upayukta hai| mahAprANa varNakA alpaprANa varNameM parivartana yahAM huA hai| ise AdyakSara viparyaya yA alpaprANIkaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise vidi avayavedhAtuse uH pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (16) bATya :- isakA artha hotA hai bharaNa karane yogya / yaha bhaT bhRttau / pAtu se banA hai| yaha bhI AdyakSara viparyayakA udAharaNa hai| bhaTadhAtuke AdyakSara bha kA ba varNa viparyaya ho gayA hai / yahAM bhI AdyakSara kA alpaprANIkaraNa huA hai| bhaTadhAtu vetana pAnA yA pAlana karanA artha meM hotA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise kT +Nyat - bATya banAyA jA sakatA hai| (17) stokAH :- stokakA artha thor3A, alpa hotA hai / yaha zabda cyutir kSaraNe dhAtuse banatA hai / yAskane Adyanta varNa viparyayake rUpameM ise uddhRta kiyA hai| zcut dhAtuke z+ca+u+t meM s ka u t viparyaya ho gayA hai| punaH s+ta+u+ka stuka-stuka-stokAH / bhAratIya nirvacana siddhAntake anukUla yaha nirvacana hai| bhASA vaijJAnika AdhAra para ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise stuc prasAde dhAtuse ghaJa 31 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskake Adyanta viparyayakA yaha upayukta udAharaNa nahIM pratIta hotA kyoMki zcutkA Adi varNa z hai jisakA koI parivartana nahIM hotA madhyavartI ca evaM anta varNa ta kA viparyaya hotA hai AdyakSara z kA s ho gayA hai jo tAlavyakA dantya hai ise varNa parivartana kaheMge viparyaya nahIM / isI prakAra ma yavartI ca kA ka bhI ho gayA hai jo tAlavya kA kaNThya varNa parivartana hai| (18) rajju :- rajjukA artha rassI hotA hai| yaha zabda sRj visarge 6 tuse banA hai| yaha bhI Adyanta viparyayakA udAharaNa hai| sRj dhAtukA Adyanta viparyaya honese rajju zabda banA hai sRj-sarja+u-rasju-rajjuH |bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jA sakatA hai| sRja-sarja-rasja meM Adyanta viparyaya nahIM hai, Adi madhya viparyaya yahAM spaSTa hai| ataH Adyanta viparyayake udAharaNameM isakA parigaNana upayukta nahI / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise sRj visarge+u pratyaya karane para banAyA jA sakatA hai| isameM asuka kA Agama evaM dhAtustha sakArakA lopa bhI hogaa| 147: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (19) sikatA:- isakA artha bAlu, cInI Adi hotA hai| yaha zabda kas vikasane dhAtuse banatA hai| kas ke Adyanta viparyaya hone para sikatA banA hai| yaha nirvacana prakriyAke anukUla hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahattva adhika hai| isameM dhvanyAtmakatA AMzika hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra SickSaraNe+atac pratyaya karane para sikatA zabda banatA hai|" (20) tarka:- tarkukA artha cAkU hotA hai| yaha kRtI chedane dhAtuse banatA hai cAkUmeM kartana karma surakSita hai / kRt dhAtuko Adyanta viparyaya karane para kRt+u, kara+ta+u tara ka+u - isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta hai| nirvacana prakriyAke anukUla honese ise bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise bhI upayukta mAnA jAyagA / yadyapi isameM dhvanyAtmakatA kI pUrNa rakSA nahIM hai| bhAropIya anya bhASAoMmeM bhI isa prakArakA parivartana dekhA jAtA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise kRt+uH pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| kRt dhAtu se kaTa aMgrejI meM bhI surakSita hai| (21) odha :- odhakA artha samUha yA bAr3ha hotA hai / yaha zabda vaha prApaNe dhAtuse banatA hai| isameM vadhAtuke antyAkSara hai kAdha meM parivartana ho gayA hai| sAtha hI sAtha isakA AdyakSara va kA samprasAraNa hokara u ho gayA hai vaha-u-a-gha, a-u-gha- odhaH / aMtima akSara ha kA gha meM parivartana anya zabdoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai-miha-medhaH / isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise uc samavAye+dhaJ pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (22) megha:- meghakA artha bAdala hotA hai / mehatIti sataH yaha zabda miha saMcana dhAtuke yoga se banA hai kyoMki yaha varSA kara sIMcatA rahatA hai| isa dhAtuke antyAkSara ha kA gha meM parivartana ho gayA hai| yAska isa zabdako antyavarNa parivartana (vyApatti) ke udAhAraNa meM upasthApita karate haiN| anya zabdoMmeM bhI dhAtu sthita ha kA gha dekhane meM AtA hai hana-ghana, tathA vah se odhaH isI prakAra ke udAharaNa haiM / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana, upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra miha secane dhAtu se ac" pratyaya evaM kutva kara meghaH banAyA jA sakatA hai| 148: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (23) nAdhaH :- isakA artha hotA hai bandhana rssii| hala bAMdhane vAlI rassI ko abhI bhI magahI, bhojapurI Adi kSetrIya bhASAoM meM nAdhA kahA jAtA hai| isameM vaidika zabdakA mUla surakSita hai| yaha zabda Nah bandhane dhAtuse banA hai kyoki isase bAMdhA jAtA hai| NadhAtu sthita antAkSara ha kAdha varNa meM parivartana ho gayA hai| ha kA dha meM parivartana anya zabdoM meM bhI draSTavya hai- vaha dhAtu se vadhU gAha-gAdhaH Adi / yaha nirvacana siddhAntake anukUla hai| ise bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM pAyA jaataa| (24) gAdha :- isakA artha hotA hai viloDana karane yogya / yaha zabda gAh viloDane dhAtuse niSpanna huA hai| yahAM gAh dhAtuke antima akSara ha kA dha meM parivartana ho gayA hai| yAskane isa zabda ko anta vyApatti ke udAharaNameM upasthApita kiyA hai / gAha-gAdha / nirvacana siddhAntake anukUla yaha nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise gAdh+ghaJ pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (25) vadhU:- vadhUke patnI, navoDhA strI Adiartha hote hai| yaha zabda vah prApaNe dhAtuse banA hai| vaha dhAtukA antima varNa ha kA dha meM parivartana hokara vaha vadha U vadhU / vadhUkA zAbdika artha hogA jise prApta kiyA gayA ho yA jo prApta karane yogya ho| yAska isa zabdakA upasthApana aMtima varNa vyApatti ke udAhAraNa meM karate hai| ha varNa kAdha meM parivartana vaidika dhAtuoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| saMskRtase prAkRta punaH dha dhvani apane mUla ha ke rUpameM dekhI jAtI hai yathA-vadhU-vahU, megha-meha aadi| isake lie prAkRtameM eka sAmAnya niyama ho gayA hai- kha, gha, tha,dha evaM bha saMskRta kI dhvaniyAM prAkRtameM ha ho jAtI haiN|0 yAskakA yaha nirvacanabhASA vijJAnake anusAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise vaha prApaNe+kApratyaya kara vadhU banAyA jA sakatA hai| (26) madhu :- madhukA artha zahada, puSparasa, basanta Rtu Adi hotA hai| " nirukta meM madhu zabdakA prayoga somake arthameM huA hai| mAdyate yaha zabda madi harSe dhAtuse banatA hai| isake pAna karanese harSa utpanna hotA hai| mad dhAtuke aMtima varNa da kAdha meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| ise bhASA vaijJAnika zabdoM meM mahA 149 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ prANIkaraNa kaheMge / alpa prANa varNa d kA mahAprANavarNa dh meM parivartana huA hai| mad madh + u -- madhuH / madhukA zAbdika artha hogA jisake pAna karane se harSa utpanna ho yA jo pIne para tRpti pradAna kare / madhu sAmAnya rUpa meM madirA kA vAcaka hai I isakA sobha artha upamA para AdhArita hai / jisa prakAra zarAba pIne se mastI AtI hai usI prakAra somapAna karanese vijayake lie sphUrti AtI hai| 4 bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai kyoMki isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai / d varNa kA dh meM parivartana anya zabdoMmeM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai- syand - sindhu Adi / yAska madhu zabdakA eka aura nirvacana prastuta karate haiM- 'dhamaterviparItasya " arthAt dhama ko viparIta karake gatyarthaka dham dhAtuse madhu zabda banatA hai / dhama - madha + u:- madhuH / isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM / zahada vAcika madhukA bhI nirvacana prathama nirvacanake AdhAra para hogaa|" madhu zabdake aMtima nirvacanase spaSTa hotA hai ki. yahAM madhu jalakA vAcaka hai|" vyAkaraNake anusAra ise man jJAne dhAtu se niSpanna mAnA jA sakatA hai - man+u: - gha kA antAdeza - madhuH 148 (27) Asthat :- yaha as dhAtuke luG lakArakA rUpa hai| isakA artha hotA hai-baiThAyA yA kSepaNa kiyA / yaha asu kSepaNe dhAtu se banA hai / as dhAtumeM tha varNakA Agama ho gayA hai| yAskane varNAgamake kramameM isa zabda kA upasthApana kiyA hai / " varNAgama nirvacana siddhAntake pramukha aMgoM meM hai / astha+ta-Asthat / yaha nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI upayukta hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha as dhAtuke luG lakAra prathama purUSa eka vacanakA rUpa hai| isa dhAtu thukkA Agama hokara as+tha+ta - Asthat zabda banA hai 150 (28) dvAra : - * dvArakA artha daravAjA hotA hai| yaha zabda vRG sambhaktau dhAtuke yoga se banatA hai / vRG dhAtuse vAra banatA hai, jisameM da kA Agama hokara dvAra ho jAtA hai / yaha Agama dhAtuse pUrva huA dvAra dvAra / yAskane isa zabdako varNopajanake udAharaNameM upasthita kiyA hai| nirvacana siddhAMtake anukUla yaha nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise bhI upayukta hai| yAska isake nirvacanameM tIna dhAtuoM kI sambhAvanA mAnate haiM - dvAra:- javatervA, dravatervA, vArayatervA 52 150 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ arthAt dvAra zabda gatyarthaka ju yA dru dhAtuse yA nivAraNArthaka vAri dhAtu se banatA hai / judhAtuse jav tathA drudhAtu se drav hokara varNa viparyaya Adike dvArA yaha zabda banatA hai ina donoM nirvacanoMkA mAtra arthAtmaka AdhAra hI upayukta hai kyoMki donoM gatyarthaka dhAtu haiN| phalataH isakA artha hogA jisase Agamana yA pratyAgamana hotA ho| tRtIya nirvacanameM nivAraNArthaka vAridhAtukA yoga hai isake anusAra isakA artha hogA-praveza evaM nirgama ke vyavadhAna ko rokane vaalaa| yAskane vR - vAr - dvArakA upasthApana varNopajanameM karate hue nirvacanako prakriyAkA samarthana kiyA hai| phalataH dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise yahI aMtima nirvacana upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| prathama do meM todhvanyAtmakatAkA abhAva spaSTa hotA hai| __ AcArya kAthakyake anusAra dvArakA artha yajJazAlA dvAra hai kyoMki isI dvArase yajJa sampAdanArtha Agamana pratyAgamana hotA rahatA hai yA isI se vahAM praveza evaM nirgama vyavadhAna vArita hote haiN| AcArya zAkapUNi dvArakA artha agni mAnate hai kyoMki agni hI havike jAnekA sAdhana hai yA devatAoM taka havi pahuMcAneke lie agnimeM hI usakA nikSepa hotA hai| vAri dhAtuke anusAra yajJAgnise rogakA nivAraNa hotA hai| kAthakya evaM zAkapUNike anusAra dvArake arthameM saMkoca pAyA jAtA hai| inalogoMne prakaraNake anusAra artha kiyA hai| vaidika kAlameM bhI dvAra sAmAnya dvArakA vAcaka thA, inhIM nirvacanoMse spaSTa ho jAtA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise vRdhAtu+ghaJ pratyaya kara-dvara-dvAraH banAyA jA sakatA hai vRdhAtuse saMbhavataH yAskakA paricaya nahIM hogA anyathA dRdhAtu vaidika dhAtu koSameM upalabdha hotA hai| aMgrejIkA kvavata zabda isIkA kramika vikAsa hai| grIka bhASA meM dvArake lie janataM kA prayoga hotA hai| (29) bharUjA :- isakA artha hotA hai bhuujaa| yaha bhrasj pAke dhAtuse banatA hai| kyoMki vaha pakAyA huA (bhUnA huA) hotA hai / bhrasj dhAtu ke bhrsa ja meM bha varNa ke bAda akA Agama evaM ra ke bAda U kA Agama hokara bharUjakA hI strIliMga rUpa bharUjA hai| yaha nirvacana siddhAntake anukUla hai| ataH ise bhASAvaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNa ke anusAra bhrasj pAke dhAtuse aGpratyaya+ TAp kara bharUjA zabda banAyA jAyagA / yahAM bhI bh ke bAda a evaM r ke bAda U kA Agama hotA hai| bharUjAse banA bhUjA zabdakA 151 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ pracalana magahI Adi kSetrIya bhASAoMmeM bhI hotA hai| hindImeM bhI isa zabdakA pracalana dekhA jAtA hai| .. (30) Uti:- isakA artha rakSA hotA hai| yaha a* rakSaNe dhAtuse niSpanna hai|v kA u samprasAraNase ho jAtA hai|" ava-U-ktin-UtiH / samprasAraNa bhASA vijJAnake mAnya siddhAntoMmeM hai| bhASA vijJAnake zabdoMmeM ise TavUmasa LataMkaMjapavada yAMinija yA svara vikAra kahA jAtA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana upayukta mAnA jAyagA / aitareya brAhmaNa meM have AhvAne dhAtuse hUti tathA varNa vikArake dvArA hU ko U Adeza kara UtiH kA saMketa prApta hotA hai| hutiH se UtiH meM mAtra arthAtmaka AdhAra hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise yaha upayukta nahIM hai| (31) mRduH- mRdukA artha komala hotA hai| yaha zabda pradhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai / mraddhAtu sthitar kA R samprasAraNake calate huA hai| ataHmr-R - mRd+u:- mRdu / mraddhAtuse mRdukA nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake anusAra saMgata hai tathA nirvacanakI sUkSma prakriyAkA saMketaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise mrad dhAtuse kuH pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (32) pRthu :- isakA artha vipula yA vistRta hotA hai| yaha zabda prath prakhyAne dhAtuse niSanna huA hai| prath dhAtuke raM kA R samprasAraNake dvArA ho gayA hai|bhaassaa vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise pratha dhAtuse ku: pratyaya karane para samprasAraNake dvArA banAyA jA sakatA hai| (33) pRSata:-pRSatakAartha bUMda hotA hai|" yaha puS secanedhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| praS dhAtuke raM kA Rhokara pRbana jAtA hai| yaha ra kA RsamprasAraNake dvArA hotA hai| yAskane isa zabdako samprasAraNake dvArA niSpAdita nirvacanoMke udAharaNameM uddhRta kiyA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra pRS secane dhAtuse atac pratyaya kara ise banAyA jA sakatA (34) kuNArU :- isakA artha hotA hai avyakta zabda karanA / yaha zabda kvaNa avyakte zabde dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| kvaN dhAtu sthita va kA u samprasAraNake dvArA huA hai kvaNa k u-N + ArUH - kuNAlaH / yAska kA 152 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yaha nirvacana, nirvacana siddhAMtake anukUla hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiN| vyAkraNake anusAra ise kvaNaavyakte zabde+kArU pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| isameM bhI va kA u samprasAraNase hI huA hai| (35) damUnA :- damUnAkA artha hotA hai agni / yaha dam upazame dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| yAskakA kahanA hai ki kucha vaidika kRdanta nAmoMkA nirvacana laukika saMskRtadhAtuoMse kiyA jAtA hai| isIke udAharaNameM inhoMne damUnA zabda ko upasthApita kiyA hai| dam upazame dhAtu laukika saMskRtakI hai aura damUnA zabda vaidika kRdanta hai| dam dhAtuse laukika prayoga dAmyati, dadAma, daminA, damiSyati Adi rUpa banate hai| punaH vedameM damUnasa- damUnAkA prayoga dam + Unas pratyaya karane para siddha hotA hai / vedameM damUnAkA prayoga agni evaM atithi ke lie pAyA jAtA hai| yAskadamUnAke nirvacana kaI prakArase prastuta karate haiM (1) damamanAH jisakA mana jIta liyA gayA ho| jIta liyA gayA hai mana jisakA use damamanA tathA damamacAse damUnA zabda bnegaa| isakA artha hogA dayAvAna vyakti |dmmnaa damUnA 1.2) dAnamanA arthAt jisakA mana dAna dene meM rata ho| dAna manAse dmuunaa| isakA artha dAnazIla hai| (3) dAntamanA vA arthAt jisakA mana acche logoMke prati Asakta ho dAntamanA - dmuunaa| (ka) dama iti gRha nAma tanmanA syAt arthAt damakA artha dhara hotA hai tathA usa gharake prati jisakA mana lagA ho use damUnA kahA jAyagA dama - manA - dmuunaa| isakA artha gRhastha hogaa| uparyukta nirvacanoMse spaSTa hai ki damUnA agni,atithi, dayAvAn dAnazIla, gRhasthaAdiartha vyakta karatA hai| yAskakA prathama evaM antima nirvacana damamanA, evaM dama iti gRhanAma tanmanA-damUnoM meM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| ise hI bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| dama zabdaanya bhAropIya parivArakI bhASAoMmeM bhI sAmya rakhatA hai- lai0-domus, phA0 dama, aMgre0-homa aadi| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise dama+ Unasi pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (36) kSetrasAdhA :- isakA artha hotA hai khetoMko vibhakta karane vaalaa| kSetra sAdhA meM kSetra upapada hai tathA sAdhAH, kSetra+ sAdhA:-kSetrasAdhAH zabda 153: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ banatA hai| isa zabdakA prayoga vedoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| laukika saMskRtameM kSetrasAdhA prayoga nahIM prApta hotA hai| laukika saMskRtameM sAdh dhAtuse nippanna rUpa - sAdhnoti, sasAdha, sAddhA, sAtsyati AdikA prayoga hotA hai / yAskake nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise kSetra + sAdh -- asun pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (37) uSNam :- isakA artha garma hotA hai| uSNa zabdakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM hotA hai jabaki yaha zabda vedameM prasiddha uS dAhedhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| yaha zabda uS dAhe dhAtuse auNadik nak pratyaya karane para banatA hai uS + naka - uSNam / yAskake niruktameM vaidika dhAtuse niSpanna laukika prayoga bhI prApta hote haiM, isake udAharaNako umA zada ko upasthApita kiyA gayA hai| prAyaH aisA dekhA jAtA hai ki purAne dhAtuoMke AkhyAta rUpakA pracalana banda ho jAtA hai tathA usase niSpanna nAma rUpa pracalita rahatA hai| uSNam isakA pravala udAharaNa hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| (38) ghRtam:-ghRtakA artha dhIme hai vRtakA prayoga laukika saMskRta meM vAhulyena hotA hai| yaha zabda vaidika dhAtughRkSaraNa dIptayoH se niSpanna hotA hai| vaidika dhAtuse niSpanna laukika nAma padake udAharaNameM yAska isa zabdako upasthApita karate haiN| ghR dhAtuse niSpanna vaiTika kriyA padakA prayoga vedoMmeM prApta hotA hai| vedoMmeM ghRta zabda jalakA bhI vAcaka hai - ghRtamityudaka nAma jigharteH siMcati karmaga' arthAt dhRta zabda ghRsiMcane dhAtuse banatA hai| ghIkA vAcaka dhRtakA nirvacana bhI isI prakAra hogaa| yAskakaM nirvacanakA bhASA vaijJAnika AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha ghRkSaraNadIptyoHdhAtusekta' pratyaya 'karane para banatA hai| (39) kambojA :- kamboja eka deza vizeSakA nAma hai| yAska isake lie do nirvacana prastuta karate hai- (1) kambala bhojAH' isameM kambala+bhujakamboja huA hai| zaitya pradhAna honese kambalakA adhika upayoga hone ke kAraNa kamboja nAmakaraNa huaa| kam kambalakA dyotaka hai tathA bhuj dhAtuse niSpanna bhojAH usakA uttara prada hai kama + bhojA - kambhojA - kambojAH / 154 vyutpatti vijJAna aura acArya yAska
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________________ kambala zabdake valakA lopa hokara hI kam vacA hai| isa nirvacana kA AdhAra bhaugolika evaM vyavahAra paraka hai| kambala bhojase niSpanna kamboja zabdake lie eka anuzruti pracalita hai jisake anusAra vahAMke nivAsiyoMkA jIvana kambalamaya dIkha par3atA hai 14 (2) kamanIyabhojA vA" isake anusAra kam kamanIyakA vAcaka hai tathA uttara pada sthita bhojA bhuj dhAtuse nisspnn| kamanIya-kam - bhuj - bhojAH, kam - bhojAH kambojAH / isa nirvacanase spaSTa hotA haiki vaha deza pracuraratnase yukta thA tathA vahAM kamanIya vastuoMkA adhika upayoga hotA thaa|" DA0 varmA kambojake isa nirvacanameM vyaMjana varNoMkA samucita vinyAsa svIkAra nahIM krte|" kam + bhuja - bhoja - kambojameM alpaprANIkaraNa spaSTa bha kA ba meM parivartana huA hai / yAskane arthAtmaka dRSTikoNakI pradhAnatA dI hai phira bhI bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAyagA / (40) kambala :- UrNAse nirmita vastra vizeSako kambala kahate hai / yAskane isake nirvacanameM kahA hai ki yaha sundara hotA hai yA zItArta vyaktiyoMkA prArthanIya hotA hai isalie ise kambala kahA jAtA hai - kambalaH kamanIyo bhavati" kamanIya guNa viziSTake calate kambala vanA / kamke bAda bala kA Agama pada vikAsa mAnA jA sakatA hai DA0 varmA isameM vyaMjanagata audAsinya mAnate hai| vastutaH kamu kAntause kambala mAnane para bhI vyaMjana varNoMkA ucita vinyAsa pratIta nahIM hotA / phalataH dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jAyagA / isa nirvacanakA AdhAra arthAtmaka evaM dRzyAtmaka hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise kamb gatau dhAtuse kalac" pratyaya karane para kamvati kamvyate vA kambalaH banAyA jA sakatA hai / ( 41 ) zavati:- yaha eka kriyApada hai| yaha gatyarthaka zav dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai tathA isa kriyAkA prayoga gamana arthameM kamboja Adi dezoM meM hotA hai / 8deg mUla dhAtu rUpa prakRti kahalAtA hai tathA usa dhAtuse niSpanna zabda vikRtike nAma se abhihita hotA hai| kucha sthAnoMmeM prakRti kA prayoga hotA hai tathA kucha sthAnoM meM vikRti kA / zavati kriyAkA prayoga (gamana artha) Arya dezoM meM nahIM pAyA jAtA / yaha zabda prayoga gata vaiziSTaya sthAna vizeSa para AdhArita honeke kAraNa bhaugolika mahattvako spaSTa karatA hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise zav gatau + laT tip - zavati banAyA jA sakatA hai / 155 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (42) zava :- zavakA artha murdA yA mRtaka hotA hai / zavakA prayoga murdAke arthameM Arya dezoMmeM hI hotA hai| yaha zabda gatyarthaka zavati kriyAkI vikRti hai-zavatIti zavaH / bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise sthAnIya prabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai| isa zabdameM bhaugolika AdhAra spaSTa hai| zavako zu gatause bhI banAyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki zUra zabdake nirvacanameM yAska isI zu gatau dhAtukA saMketa karate hai- zUraH zavatergatikarmaNaH / ' zabdoMke prayoga vizeSa ko spaSTa karaneke lie yAskane isa zabdako upasthApita kiyA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise zavdhAtuse ac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (43) dAti:- yaha eka kriyApada hai| yaha dAp lavaNe dhAtuke prathama purUSa eka vacanakA rUpa hai| kATanA arthameM isakA prayoga prAcya dezoMmeM hotA hai| yaha prakRti hai arthAt dhAtuse niSpanna kriyA rUpa / dAp + laT tip-dAti / zabdoMke artha kI prasiddhimeM bhaugolika AdhArako spaSTa karaneke lie yAskane ise upasthApita kiyA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika evaM vyAkaraNakI dRSTise yaha upayukta hai| (44) dAtram :- isakA artha hotA hai lakar3I Adi kATane ke lie prayogameM lAyA jAne vAlA aujAra / loka bhASAmeM ise dAMvI kahA jAtA hai| dAtra zabda dApadhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| ise hasuA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| dAtrazabdakA prayoga dAMvIke arthameM uttara dezameM bhI hotA hai| yaha dAtra zabda dAti prakRtikI vikRti hai| dAti prakRtikA prayoga uttarI pradezoMmeM nahIM dekhA jAtA / dAtra zabdako dAp dhAtuse mAnane para bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise bhI upayukta hogaa| yAskakA uddezya deza vizeSameM vikRtikA prayoga dikhalAnA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise dAp lavaNe dhAtuse STrana pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (45) daNDyaH - yaha taddhita zabda hai| isakA artha hotA hai jo daNDake yogya ho (daNDamarhatIti daNDyaH ) athavA jo daNDase yukta ho (daNDena sampadyate iti vA) yAska isa zabdakA upasthApana taddhita evaM samAsa zabdoMke nirvacana siddhAnta pradarzanameM karate haiN| inake anusAra isa prakArake zabdoMke nirvacanameM pUrva khaNDakA pahale nirvacana karanA cAhie tathA uttara khaNDakA tadanantara / daNDayaH purUSaHmeM daNDayaH pUrva khaNDa hai| daNDya zabda daND nipAtane 156 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhAtuse Nyat pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| (46) daNDaH:- daNDakA arthalAThI yA sajA hotA hai|" yAskake anusAra daNDase hI vizvakI vyavasthA sthira hai isakelie daNDa zabda dhAraNArthaka dad dhAtuse niSpanna huA hai-daNDo dadaterdhArayatikarmaNaH yAska AcArya aupamanyavake vicArako bhI upasthApita karate haiN| unake anusAra daNDa zabda dam upazame dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai- "damanAt daNDa:- jisase duSToMko upazamana kiyA jAya, yA davAyA jAya use daNDa kahate haiN| ise (adAntaM damayati yena asau daNDaH) aisA vigraha kiyA jA sakatA hai| gautama dharma sUtrameM bhI damanake kAraNahI daNDa kahA gayA hai| AcAryaaupamanyavakA nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| dam upazamedhAtuse daNDa zabda mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka evaMarthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta ThaharatA hai| yAskakA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise upayukta nahIM hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise daND nipAtane dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara yA damu upazame dhAtuse Da" pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (47) kakSyA :- isakA artha hotA hai ghor3eko kasanekI rassI jise loka bhASAmeM peTArA kahA jAtA hai| yAska isake kaI nirvacana prastuta karate haiM- (1) kakSaM sevate yaha kakSakA sevana karatI hai| isameM kakSa-kakSyA (2) kakSo gAhate ksa iti nAmakaraNa: yaha zabda viloDanArthaka gAhUdhAtuse ksa pratyaya karane para banAtA hai| yaha vagalameM kisI vastuko viloDana karatA hai yA davAtA hai| gAh + ksa Adyanta viparyaya karane para kakSyA zabda banatA hai| (3) khyAtervAnarthako'bhyAsaH / prakathanArthaka khyA dhAtukA hI anarthaka abhyAsa banakara kakSyA zabda banatA hai-khya + khy-kNkhy-kkssy| (4) kimasmin khyAnamitivA arthAt bagalameM kyA khyApanIya hai isake calate kakSyA kahalAyIkim + khyA kakSyA / (5) karSatervA yaha zabda kaS gharSaNe (khujalAnA artha vAle) dhAtuse banA hai| nitya-kAlaM hyasau nakhaiH kaSyate yataH kakSyaH arthAt nitya yaha nakhoM se khujalAyA jAtA hai isIlie isakA nAma kakSya pdd'aa| kakSye bhavA kakSyA tatsevate isa prakAra kA sUtra yAska ke samaya meM rahA 157: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hogA / kakSyakA artha hotA hai kukSi tathA usameM hone vAleko kakSyA kheNge| kakSyA zabdake nirvacanameM yAskakI kalpanA zaktikA patA calatA hai jise ucca kalpanAkI zreNImeM nahIM lA sakate / samAnatAke kAraNa hI manuSyake kakSyakA bhI nAma par3A tatsAmAnyAnmanuSya kakSo bAhumUla sAmAnyAdazvasya arthAt isa samAnatAke kAraNa hI manuSyakI kAMkha hai tathA bAhumUlake.sAdRzyake kAraNa azvakI kAMkhako bhI kakSya kahA jAtA hai| kakSyA taddhita zabda hai| ise kaSa gharSaNe dhAtuse mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hotA hai| zeSanirvacanoM kA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| kakSyameM sAdRzyakA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se kaS gharSaNe dhAtuse kakSyA upayukta hai| kakSyA aMgulikA bhI vAcaka hai- prakAzayanti karmANi isake anusAra yaha zabda kAz dIptau dhAtuse banatA hai, kyoMki yaha karmoko prakAzita karatI hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai / mAtra isakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| laukika saMskRtameM kakSyakA prayoga aMgulike lie nahIM pAyA jAtA / yaha zabda vAhumUla AdikA vAcaka hai|" vyAkaraNake anusAra ise kakS + yat kara kakSyaH banAyA jA sakatA hai| kakSAyAM madhye bhavA kakSyA" kakSake madhyameM hone vAlI kakSyA kahalAtI hai| kakSyaH- kakSyAH / (48) rAjapurUSa :- kevala samAsakA pradarzana karate haiN| rAjJaH purUSaH rAjAkA purUSa / isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA | vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI yaha SaSThI tatpurUSakA pariNAma hI mAnA jaaygaa| .. (49) vizcakadrAkarSa :- yaha eka sAmAsika zabda hai| vi tathA cakadra kutekI cAla ke lie prayukta hotA hai drA dhAtu kutsA evaM gati artha meM hotA hai| kuttoM ke sadRza jIvana yApana karane vAlA purUSa vizcakaMdra kahalAtA hai tathA usa purUSako daNDake lie nyAyAlayameM le jAne vAlA vizcakadrAkarSa kahalAtA hai| cakadrAti kadrAtIti sato'narthako'bhyAsaH tadasminnastIti vizcakadrAkarSaH100 DA0 varmA ke anusAra yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| 101 vastutaH yAska ke isa nirvacana meM dhAtu evaM pratyaya. kA spaSTataH nirdeza nahIM prApta hai| viz kA artha manuSya hotA hai tathA kada kA abhyAsa cakadra hogaa| ataH viz + cakadra - 158: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vizcakadra tamAkarSatIti vizcakadrAkarSaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana upayukta nahIM hai| (50) kalyANavarNarUpa :- yaha sAmAsika zabda hai- kalyANa varNasyevAsya rUpam / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta hai| (51) kalyANam :- kalyANakA artha sonA hotA hai| yAskakA kahanA hai ki yaha kamanIya hotA hai yA sabase prArthanIya hotA hai isalie ise kalyANa kahate hai / kalyANaM kamanIyaM bhavati"isa zabdameM kamu kAntau dhAtukA yoga hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase to yaha upayukta hai lekina isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nhiiN|bhaassaa vijJAnakI dRSTise isameM kaldhAtu mAlUma par3atA hai jisakA artha sundara Adi hotA hai| kalyANa maMgalakA bhI vAcaka hai103 nirujatvakI prApti honA bhI isakA artha hotA hai jo maMgalake arthameM samAhita hai| kalyaM nIrujatvamAnayatIti kalyANam 104 vyAkaraNake anusAra ise kal + aN + zabde+ghaJ05 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (52) varNa :- isakA artha raMga, dvijAdi jAti, akSara Adi hotA hai|106 varNake nirvacanameM yAskakA kahanA hai ki yaha apane AzritoMko AvRta kara letA hai- varNa: vRNote: isa zabda kRzkaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai- vRJ + naH / naiyAyikoM ne ise guNa mAnA hai- parAzritatvaM guNatvam / isa nirvacanakA vanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha zabda varNa (varNa kriyA vistAra guNavacaneSu preraNeca)dhAtuseca pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| varNa+dhaJvarNaH (53) rUpam :- isakA artha saundarya, svarUpa, Adi hotA hai| yAskake anusAra yaha saboMko rUcatA hai, acchA, lagatA hai isalie ise rUpa kahA jAtA hai- rUpaM rocateHNa izabdameM rUc dIptaudhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA | vyAkaraNake anusAra ise rUpu vimohanedhAtuse ac pratyaya kara rUpa+ ac - rUpam / yA rUc + am kara bhI ise banAyA jA sakatA hai| (54) nidhi :- rAzi / ise zevadhiH kahakara spaSTa kiyA hai| sukhakI 159 * vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ rAziko nidhi kahate haiN| nidhi sevanIya hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha aspaSTa hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ni+dhA + ki se nidhi zabda banatA hai| ___(55) gau :- isakA artha pRthivI, pazu (gAya, vaila) sUrya razmi Adi hotA hai|108 yAska isakA nirvacana kaI arthomeM kaI prakArase upasthApita karate haiM(1) yadUraMgatA bhavati pRthivIke arthameM nirvacana prastuta karate hue kahate haiMki jo bahuta dUra taka gayI hotI hai yA jahAM manuSya jAte hai vahAM saba jagaha yaha milatI hai isalie ise go kahA jAtA hai| (2) yaccAsyAM bhUtAni gacchanti arthAt isa pRthivI para sabhI prANI gamana karate haiM yA sabhI prANiyoMkA yaha AdhAra sthala hai| (3) gAtervikAro nAmakaraNaH ise gAG gatau dhAtuse o pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| inhIM nirvacanoMse pazu vAcaka gokI bhI siddhi ho jaaygii| pazu vAcaka zabda gam dhAtuse yA gAG gatause mAnA jA sakatA hai| Adityake arthameM gozabdake nirvacana prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki yaha rasoMko apanI ora le jAne vAlA hotA hai (4) gamayati rasAn" isake AdhAra para go zabdameM gam dhAtukA yoga hai| (5) gacchati antarikSe yaha antarikSameM gamana karatA hai| isameM bhI gam dhAtukA yoga hai| gokA artha dyu loka bhI hotA hai (6) yat pRthivyAH adhidUraMgatA bhavati" yaha pRthivI para dUra taka gayI hotI hai| (7) yaccAsyAM jyotIMSi gacchanti" arthAt isa dyulokameM jyautiSagaNa (nakSatragaNa) gamana karate hai| yAskake uparyukta nirvacanoMmeM gam dhAtu yA gAG gatau dhAtukA yoga pAyA jAtA hai| gam dhAtuse go zabda mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hotA hai| isa nirvacanako AkhyAtajasiddhAnta para AdhArita mAnA jaaygaa| yAskakA yaha nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta hai| go kA arthajyA (dhanuSa kI DorI) bhI hotA hai| agara gAyakI tAMtase yaha banI ho to ise tAddhita prayoga kheNge| agara jyA gAyakI tAMtase nahIM banI hai to (gamayati iSUn vANAn iti go) jo vANoMko calAtI hai use go kahate haiM aisA karanA hogaa| use sAdRzyake dvArA nirmita bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi isameM bhI yAska gam dhAtukA bhI yoga mAnate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise gam dhAtu + Do11 pratyaya kara banAyA jaaygaa| 160: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (56) matsara :- isake soma, dveSI, lobha, kRpaNa Adi kaI artha hote hai| yAskane bhI vibhinna arthomeM isake kaI nirvacana prastuta kie haiN| somake artha meM isakA nirvacana prastuta karate hue kahate haiMki yaha tRpti dAyaka hotA haimandatestRpti karmaNa:' isake AdhAra para matsara zabdameM tRptyarthaka madi dhAtukA yoga hai-mada-sa-matsaraH / matsara lobhakA bhI nAma hai16 kyoMki isa lobhake calate manuSya dhanake pratimattavanA rahatA hai-abhimatta enenadhanaM bhavati17 isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM mada dhAtukA yoga hai mad - matta - matsaraH / dveSIke arthameM bhI mad + sR- matsara hogA isake anusAra mAdayati janam yA madAya saratidhAvatiasau matsaraH / yAskake uparyukta donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka duSTikoNase uparyukta haiN| DA0 varmA isake arthagata AdhAra ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN|18 Ajakala matsara dveSa, lobha, macchaDa Adike arthameM vizeSatayA pracalita hai| matsarase vanA macchaDa zabda dhvanyAtmaka saMgatise yukta hai| isake arthameM guNa sAdRzya yA lakSaNAkA yoga mAnA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM isake arthakA vistAra pAyA jAtA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise madi harSe dhAtuse+ sara: kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (57) paya :- payaHkA artha dUdha evaM pAnI hotA hai|120 yAska payaHke do nirvacana prastuta karate haiN| (1) payaH pivatervA" yaha pIyA jAtA hai| isameM pA pAne dhAtu kA yoga hai| pAdhAtuke karmake rUpameM isa zabdakA prayoga prApta hotA hai| (2) payaH pyAyatervA" isake pAna karanese oja vuddhi tathA balakI vRddhi hotI hai| pItaM sat yat ojo vuddhi valAdikaM vardhayati tat payaH / isake anusAra payas zabdameM pyAyI vRddhaudhAtukAyoga hai| isameM poSakatAke kAraNahI pyAy dhAtukA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| sabhI nirvacana dUdha evaM pAnI, donoM arthomeM upayukta haiN| ina sabhI nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise pA pAne+asun" pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (58) kSIram :- isakA artha hotA hai, dUdha, jala |122 niruktameM isake nirvacanameM kahA gayA hai| (1) kSIraMkSarate:12 isake anusAra kSIra zabdameM kSarazcotane dhAtukA yoga hai| gAya Adike stanoMse jo kSaraNa hotA hai use kSIra dUdha kahate hai| (gavAdInAM stanebhyaH yatkSarati patati tatkSIram / ) (2) ghaservA Iro nAmakaraNa:123 isake anusAra isameM ghas dhAtu evaM Ira pratyaya hai| ghas dhAtu bhakSaNa artha meM ___161 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hotA hai isake anusAra isakA artha hotA hai jisakA bhakSaNa kiyA jAya, jo khAyA jaay| isa nirvacanameM ghas dhAtukA hI isvIbhUta rUpa kSa prApta hotA hai-ghas-ks-kSa + Ir-kSIram / yAskake donoM nirvacanoMmeM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka upayuktatA hai| pAnI evaM dUdha, donoM arthomeM yaha upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana sarvathA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNke anusAra ise dhaslu adane dhAtuse Iran pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai|124 ghas dhAtu sthita alopa tathA Satva karane para kSIram zabda bnegaa| (59) uzIra :- isake nirvacanameM yAskane kahA hai kSIrake jaisA uzIra zabda bhI banegA vaz kAntau + Iranse samprasAraNa karane para uzIra banegA / 126 isakA bhASA vaijJAnika AdhAra upayukta hai| va kA u samprasAraNakA pariNAma hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vaz kAntau+ Iran pratyaya kara uzIra zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|126 (60) aMzu:- isakA artha hotA hai soma rasa / niruktameM isake do nirvacana prApta hote haiM (1) aMzuH zamaSTamAtrobhavati'3 isake anusAra aMzu zabdameM zam avyaya + azu vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| zam avyaya sukhakA vAcaka hai| isake anusAAra isakA artha hogA- yajamAnase pIyA gayA vaha sukhaprada hotA hai| zam + az - aza + zam - aMzuH (2) amanAya zaM bhavatIti vA isake anusAra isakA artha hogA jIvanake lie yaha kalyANa kAraka hotA hai| aMzuzabdameM am +zupadakhaNDa aSTa mAtrakA vAcaka haiN| isase patA calatA hai ki amkA zammeM tathA zukA azmeM vikAsa huA hai| u pratyaya hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| isakI arthAtmakatA dhArmika AsthA para AdhArita hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise aMz + u pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (61) carma:- carmakAartha camar3A hotA hai| yAska isake lie do nirvacana prastuta karate haiN| 1- carma crte| isake anusAra isameM car gatibhakSaNayoH dhAtukA yoga hai- cara + man - carma | car dhAtuse niSpanna mAnane para isakA artha hogA jo sAre zarIrameM phailA huA ho| (2) uccUtaM bhavatIti vA isake anusAra carma zabdameM ghRtIhiMsA granthanayoH dhAtukA yoga hai- nRt + man 162 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ - carman- carma / isake anusAra isakA artha hogA jo sampUrNa zarIrase udher3A jAtA hai| mRgacarma, vyAghracarma, gajacarma Adi isI AdhAra para saMgata haiM / yAskakA prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacanameM arthAtmaka AdhAra hai| ghRt + man se dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra para carman honA cAhie thaa|18 bhASA vijJAnake anusAra prathama nirvacana sarvathA upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha car gatau dhAtuse manin' pratyaya karane para banatA hai| (62) vRkSa :- isakA artha per3a hotA hai| yAska isake lie do nirvacana prastuta karate hai (1) vRkSokhrazcanAt17 isake anusAra vRkSa zabdameM vazca chedane dhAtukA yoga hai| chedana kriyA honeke kAraNa vRkSa kahalAtA hai kyoMki vRkSako kATA jAtA hai-vrazca+saH- vRkSaH vRk + s:- vRkSaH / (2) vRtvA kSAM tiSThatItivA arthAt vRkSa pRthivIko ghera kara ThaharatA hai| isameM vR+ (kSAM)130 kA kSa hai| dvAdaza adhyAyameM vRtakSamaH se vRkSaH mAnA gayA hai- puNyAtmAoMke dvArA jo nivAsa varaNa kiyA jAe vaha vRkSa hai| vRkSoMke nIce RSiyoMkA nivAsa rahatA hogA 39 yaha nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| donoM nirvacanomeMdhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka saMgati hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise vRkSa varaNe dhAtuse ac132 pratyaya karane para banAyA jA sakatA hai| vRkSa + ac - vRkSaH / yA AvazcU chedane dhAtu+ sak kara vRkSaH banAyAjA sakatA hai| (63) kSA :- isakA artha pRthvI hotA hai| kSA zabda kSi nivAse dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isa para sabhI nivAsa karate hai - kSA kSiyante nivAsa karmaNa: isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise sarvathA saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (64) amImayat :- amImayat zabda karatA hai| ise yAska mImayati zabda karmA kaha kara spaSTa karate hai| isameM zabda karanA arthavAle mI dhAtukA yoga hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha upayukta hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| (65) vaya :- vi kA artha pakSI hotA he| vayaH zabda vi kA hI vahuvacana rUpa hai| niruktake anusAra - vetergatikarmaNa:134 arthAt vi zabda gatyarthaka vI dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| pakSI gamana kriyAse yukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke 163: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anusAra yaha nirvacana sarvathA upayukta hai| isameM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka aucitya hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise vI gatau dhAtu + Dit 134 - vi banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAska vi kA artha vANa bhI karate haiM - athApISu nAmeha bhavati etasmAdeva arthAt gatyarthaka sAmyake AdhAra para vi vANa kA bhI pratIka hai kyoMki vANameM bhI gati hai [ (66) paruSa :- isakA artha hotA hai parvavAlA yA bhAsvAn / AcArya yAska isake nirvacanameM aupamanyavake sidvAntako prastuta karate hai - parvavatI bhAsvatItyaupamanyava:'' ahorAtrAdiko parva kahA jAtA hai usase yuktako paruSa kahA jaaygaa|'" laukika saMskRtameM paruSa kaThorakA vAcaka hai| 138 yAskane isake lie svayaM koI nirvacana prastuta nahIM kiyA hai| aupamanyavakA siddhAnta bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| isameM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka saMgati pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise pR pAlana pUraNayoH tuse uSac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai / e .140 (67) bhUri :- bhUrikA artha atyadhika hotA hai / niruktake anusAra bhUrIti vahunaH nAmadheyam / prabhavatItisata : 14 bhUri bahutakA nAma hai kyoMki vaha samartha hotA hai / isa nirvacanake anusAra bhUri zabdameM bhU dhAtukA yoga mAnA gayA hai jo sarvathA upayukta hai / dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase bhI yaha nirvacana sarvathA saMgata hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise bhU sattAyAm prAptau + krin " pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai / 141 (68) zRMgam :- isake kaI artha hote hai - sIMga, zikhara Adi / 142 yAska isake lie kaI nirvacana prastuta karate hai - (1) zRMga zrayatervA 14deg yaha zabda zriJ sevAyAM dhAtuke yogase banatA hai| kyoMki zRMga sirake AzrayameM rahatA hai / (2) zRNAtervA isake anusAra zRMga zabdameM hiMsArthaka zR dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki pazu sIMgase hiMsA karatA hai yA mAratA hai| (3) zamnAtervA 140 isake anusAra zRMgameM upazamanArthaka zam dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki pazu siMgase mArakara dUsaroMko zAnta kara dete hai / (4) zaraNAya udgamatIti isake anusAra isakA artha hotA hai - rakSAke lie Upara nikale rahate hai isameM zR + gam dhAtukA yoga hai / (5) ziraso nirgatamitivA 140 isake anusAra isameM zira + gamkA yoga haiM 164 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kyoMki ve zirake Upara nikale rahate hai| uparyukta nirvacana sIMgake vibhinna arthameM kie gae hai| yAskake ina nirvacanoMmeM cAra dhAtuoMkA yoga dekhA jAtA haiprathama nirvacanameM zriJ sevAyAm dhAtukA, dvitIyameM hiMsArthaka zR kA, tRtIyameM upa zamanArthaka zam, kA evaM caturtha tathA paMcamameM gam dhAtukA / arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase uparyukta sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| zR dhAtuse niSpanna zRMgam zabda vyutpatti kI dRSTise samIcIna mAlUma par3atA hai| zRMga zabdake zikhara Adi artha sAdRzya Adike AdhAra para hote hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise zR hiMsAyAm, dhAtuse gan 143 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai / yAskakA dvitIya nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise pUrNa upayukta hai / (69) pAda :* pAdake artha paira Adi hote hai| 44 yAska isa zabdameM pad gau dhAtukA yoga mAnate hai - padyate : 145 pad gatau kA yoga honeke kAraNa kahA jA sakatA hai - zarIra dhArI isase calate hai isalie pAda kahA jAtA hai yaha nirvacana AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha sarvathA upayukta hai| pazupAda prakRtike kAraNa sikke Adike bhAga bhI pAda kahalAte hai| sikkekre bhAgakI samAnatAce kAraNa zloka Adike bhAgako bhI pAda kahA jAtA hai - pazupAdaprakRtiH prabhAgapAdaH / prabhAgapAdasAmAnyAditarANi padAni 145 | sAdRzyake AdhAra para vibhinna nAmakaraNa hue haiM isa siddhAntakI puSTi isake mAdhyama se hotI hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise pad gatau dhAtuse dhaJ" pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (70) niRti :- - isakA artha niruktameM pRthivI hai / nismaNAt 145 isake 'anusAra niRtiH zabdameM ramu krIDAyAm dhAtukA yoga hai - ni+ram -1 - niRtiH / kyoMki isameM rahate hue prANI ramaNa karate hai| niRtikA artha dRHkha bhI hotA hai T * RcchateH kRcchApattiritarA 147 isake anusAra yaha zabda duHkhavAcaka Rcch dhAtuse banatA hai / R gatau dhAtuse Rti banAyA jA sakatA hai jisakA artha hotA hai sanmArga / isameM nir upasarga mAnanA bhASA vijJAnake anukUla hogA / nirrko bhASA vijJAnake zabdoMmeM pUrva pratyaya kahA jAyagA / ramu krIDAyAm dhAtuse bhI isakA nirvacana mAnA jA sakatA hai| lekina isase dhvanyAtmaka saMgati pUrNa nahIM hogI / DA0 varmAke anusAra vyaMjanagata udAsInatAke kAraNa yaha nirvacana pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai / 148 yAska dvArA die gae nirvacanoM meM prathama 165 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ pRthvI vAcaka hai tathA dvitIya duHkha vAcaka / arthAtmaka saMgatike lie hI ye nirvacana kiye gaye haiN| prathamameM niH + ram evaM dvitIyameM niH + Rccha dhAtu kA yoga hai| laukika saMskRtameM niRtiH duHkha yA narakakA vAcaka hai- (niSkrAtA RteH sanmArgAt niRtiH) arthAt sanmArgase rikta nikala jAnA niRtiH hai| 49 vyAkaraNake anusAra ise nir + R gatau + ktin pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (71) mAtA :- mAtAkA artha yahAM antarikSa hai - nirmIyante'smin bhUtAni147 arthAt isameM prANI banAye jAte haiM / isa AdhAra para mAtA zabdameM mA dhAtukA yoga hai / mA dhAtuse mAtAmeM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka saMgati upayukta hai| isI nirmANake AdhAra para jananIko bhI mAtA kahA jAtA hai| antarikSameM nirmANakA AdhAra alpa prasiddha hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra mAtA zabdako mAn pUjAyAm + tRc pratyaya kara mAtR - mAtA banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake AdhAra para yaha sarvathA saMgata hai| mAtRkA hI rUpAntaraNa DavajImata aMgrejImeM prApta hotA hai| (72) vavri:- isakA artha rUpa hotA hai|150 yAska isameM vRJ AcchAdane dhAtukA yoga mAnate hai- vRNotItisata:147 yaha rUpa AzritoMko AcchAdita kara letA he / vavri zabdakA laukika prayoga prAyaH nahIM prApta hotA / vaidika bhASAmeM isakA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| vRJ dhAtuse vavri zabda mAnane para arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| (73) hiraNyam :- hiraNyakA artha sonA hotA hai| yAska hiraNya zabdake kaI nirvacana prastuta karate haiM - (1) hriyata AyamyamAnamiti vA arthAt AbhUSaNake rUpameM vistRta karaneke lie ise haraNa karate hai| isake anusAra isameM haharaNe dhAtukA yoga siddha hotA hai| (3) hitaramaNaM bhavatItivA' arthAt yaha hitakAraka evaM ramaNIya hotA hai| isake anusAra hiraNya zabdameM hita+ram dhAtukA yoga mAnA gayA hai hita+ ram-hiraNyam / (4) hRdaya ramaNaM bhavatIti vAta arthAt ise rakhanekI icchA pratyeka vyakti ko hotI hai / isake anusAra hiraNya zabdameM harya dhAtukA yoga hai DA0 varmAke anusAra yaha nirvacana AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai / 121 hRdhAtu se hiraNya zabda mAnane meM AkhyAtaja 166: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ siddhAntakI anukUlatA pratilakSita hotI hai / yAskake anya nirvacana lokapriya vyutpatti para AdhArita haiN| ina nirvacanoMse patA calatA hai ki yAskake samayameM svarNakA vyApaka prayoga hotA thA tathA usa samaya bhI yaha mahArgha thaa| yAskake antima nirvacana, soneke prati vyaktiyoMkI asaktikA sUcaka hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise hary gatikAntyoH dhAtuse kanyan 153 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai / (74) antarikSam :- isakA artha AkAza hotA hai / (1) antarAkSAntaM bhavatyantareme iti vA arthAt yaha dyuloka tathA pRthvI lokake madhyameM hai evaM pRthvI taka avasthita hai| isake anusAra antar + kSAkA yoga isa zabdameM prApta hotA hai| (2) zarIreSvantarakSayamiti vA '4 arthAt zarIrake andara yahIM eka avinazvara hai / isake anusAra antara + kSi dhAtukA yoga isameM prApta hotA hai / antarikSakA prayoga vaidika bhASAmeM vAhulyena huA hai / antara, dhvara, prAtar Adi avyayameM parigaNita haiM isalie antara nipAtapUrvaka IkS dhAtuse yaha zabda banAnA acchA hogA / DA0 varmA isa nirvacanako pUrNa spaSTa nahIM mAnate haiM / '' yAskake prathama nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka saMgati hai arthAtmakatA dRzyAnukUla hai| dvitIya nirvacana pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise Iz darzane dhAtuse karmaNi ghaJ pratyaya kara antara + IkS + ghaJ - antarIkSam banAyA jA sakatA hai| (dhAvApRthivyorantarIkSyate ) 156 (75) samudra :- samudrakA artha sAgara hotA hai| yAska isake kaI nirvacana prastuta karate haiM - (1) samudravantyasmAdApa: 17 arthAt isase jala samudravita hote haiN| isake anusAra samudra zabdameM sam + u + dru gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) samabhidravanti enAmApa: 157 arthAt jala ekatra hokara ise prApta karate hai / choTI choTI nadiyAM bar3I nadImeM tathA bar3I nadI samudrameM milatI hai| isake anusAra isameM sam + abhi + dru dhAtukA yoga hai ( 3 ) sammodanteDasminbhUtAni arthAt isameM sabhI jalacara prANI prasanna rahate hai| isake anusAra samudrazabdameM sam + mud harSe dhAtukA yoga hai| (4) samudako bhavati arthAt yaha pracurajalase sampanna hotA hai| isake anusAra sam + udakase samudra banA hai| (5) samunattItivA 157 arthAt yaha Ardra karatA rahatA hai| isake anusAra isameM sam + undI kledane 167 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhAtukA yoga hai| DA0 varmAke anusAra yaha nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake anukUla hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra sabhI nirvacanoMmeM upayukta hai| isake nirvacanameM mudrayA sahitaH samudraHbhI kahAjA sakatA hai kyoMki isameM ratnabhare par3e hai| samudrase hI ratna nikAle jAnekA paurANika AkhyAna upalabdha hotA hai yA isakA eka nAma ratnAkara hai| mudrAkA artha maryAdAbhI hotA hai tadanusAra saha mudrayA maryAdayA vartate itivA arthAt mudrA yA maryAdAke sAtha rahane vAlA samudra kahalAtA hai|159 vyAkaraNake anusAra ise sam upasarga pUrvaka undhAtuse raka0 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (76) ArTiSeNa:- yaha eka RSikA nAma hai| yaha zabda taddhitAnta hai| niruktameM isake do nirvacana prApta hai - (1) RSTiSeNasya putraH16 arthAt RSTiSeNake putra honeke kAraNa ASTiSeNa khlaayaa| (2) iSitasenasyetivA arthAt iSitaSeNake putra hone ke kAraNa ASTiSeNa khlaayaa| yAskakA prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase saMgata hai| RSTiSeNakA artha RSTiyoM arthAt zastroMse sampanna senA vAlA tathA iSitasenakA artha kAryarata senAvAlA hotA hai| 62 dvitIya nirvacanakA AdhAra arthAtmaka hai|bhaassaa vijJAnake anusAra isa zabdameM apazruti mAnI jaaygii| vyAkaraNake zabdoMmeM ise samprasAraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| taddhitake anusAra RSTiSeNa + aN-ASTiSeNaH hogaa| (77) senA:- senAkA artha hotA hai sainikoMkA dala / niruktake anusAra - senA sezvarA (2) samAnagatirvA arthAt svAmIke sAtha jo ho use senA kahA jAyagA yA jo samAna gati vAlA ho / prathama nirvacanameM sh-s+insenaa| inakAarthasvAmI hotA hai inena sahitA senaa| dvitIya nirvacanake anusAra samAna + gam - dhAtu hai| donoMhI nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa hai| DA0 varmA ise bhASA vijJAnakI avikasita sthitikA nirvacana mAnate hai|163 amara koSake prasiddha TIkAkAra kSIrasvAmIne ise saha inena vartate iti- senA mAnA hai| isake anusAra sa + inAse senA bnaa| yAskake nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra to apUrNa hai hI arthAtmaka AdhAra bhI AMzika hI saMgata hai| (sinoti zatrumiti senA) 168: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (78) putra :- isakA artha Atmaja hotA hai| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote hai-(1) puru trAyate arthAt bahuta adhika kie gae pApoMse pitAkI rakSA karatA hai| isake anusAra puru+trai pAlane dhAtukA yoga hai| purukAartha hotA hai bahuta adhika / purukAavaziSTa putra-putra / (2) nirapaNAt vAarthAt vaha nirapana piNDa dAna kriyAse pitaroMko tRpta karane vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra isameM pRdhAtukA yoga hai| (3) punnarakaM tatastrAyata itivA'67 arthAt pum narakase yaha pitAko vacAne vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra isameM pum +trai pAlane dhAtukA yoga hai| put+tr| yAskakA prathama evaM dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| prathama nirvacana-puru+trAyatese putra dvArA sampAdita vRddhAvasthAmeM mAtA pitAkI sevA dyotita hotI hai| dvitIya nirvacana sAMskRtika AdhArase yukta hai| vaidika saMskRtimeM piNDadAnAdise pitaroMkI tRpti sarvamAnya evaMdharmazAstrAnumodita hai| yAskake aMtima nirvacanakAdhvanyAtmaka evaMarthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| ataHbhASA vijJAnake anusAra yahI nirvacana saMgata hai|amr koSakI rAmAzramI TIkA evaM manusmRtimeM bhI isI prakArake nirvacana prApta hote hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise pum + trai+ kaH pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (79) RSi:- isakA artha hotA hai- mantra drssttaa| niruktameM mantradarzana arthase sambaddha isakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai-RSiHdarzanAt arthAt darzana karaneke kAraNa RSi kahA jAtA hai kyoMki usane mantroMkA darzana kiyA yA ve sUkSma arthoko bhI dekhate hai| yAska AcArya aupamanyavake siddhAntakA bhI ullekha isa avasara para karate hai| stomAn dadazetyaupamanyavaH arthAt aupamanyavake anusAra RSiyoMne maMtroMkA darzana kiyAisalie RSi khlaaye| isake anusAra RSi zabdameM dRz darzane dhAtukA yoga hai| dRziM zabda hI ghisateghisate RSi bana gayA aisA pratIta hotA hai|mntr darzanase RSi bananekA pramANa brAhmaNa granthase prApta hotA hai -tadyadenAMstapasyamAnAna brahma svayambhavamyAnarSata RSayo'bhavastadRSINAmRSitvam iti vijJAyate" arthAt tapasyA karate hue ina RSiyoMko vedaprakaTa huA isIlie RSi kahalAye, yahI RSiyoMkA RSitva hai| DA0 varmAke anusAra dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra para to yaha upayukta hai lekina arthAtmaka AdhAra se anupayukta hai| lekina DA0 169: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ varmAkA yaha kathana saMgata nahIM hai kyoMki isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| yAskakA nirvacana RSiyoMkI vizruta vizeSatA para AdhArita hai| isa nirvacanase hI RSi zabdameM darzanArthaka RS dhAtukA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai jo dRzkA hI kAlAntaravartIrUpa hai | vyAkaraNake anusAra ise RS gatau dhAtuse ina pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai|75 aupamanyavakA mata yAska samarthita hai| (80) uttara :- isakA artha hotA hai.uccatara / niruktake anusAra - uttaraH uddhatataro bhavati" arthAt uttara (uddhatatara) UparakI ora uThA huA hotA hai| isake anusAra uttara zabdameM ut + tarapkA yoga hai uddhatakAavaziSTa ut + tara - uttara ! bhASA vijJAnake anusAra uccatarako hI prayatnalAghava siddhAntake anusAra uttarameM pariNata ho jAnA kahA jA sakatA hai- ucca + tara, ut + tara - uttaraH / utake bAda tara ko ta dhAtukA tara mAnA jaaygaa| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise tRplavana taraNayoH dhAtuse ac pratyaya karane para atizayenodgataH uttaraH banAyA jA sakatA hai| ut + tR- tar + aca- uttaraH / uttaraH ke Upara, uttara dizA, zreSTha tathA uttaramkA javAva bhI artha hotA hai|78 (81) adhara :- adharakA artha adhogati, nimnatara yA nIce hotA hai| niruktake adharo'dhoraH" arthAt nIce gayA huA hotA hai| isake anusAraadharaH zabdameM adhaH+ araH kA yoga hai adhaH kA artha hotA hai nIce tathAaraH gayA huaa| niruktake anusAra adhaHkA artha hotA hai jo Upara na jA sake-ghAvatItyUrdhvagati pratiSiddhA UrdhvagatipratiSiddha honese hI adhaH khlaayaa| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| adhaH+ R gataukA ara adhaH arati gacchatIti adharaH / oSThakA vAcaka adhara zabda bhI usI nirvacanase mAnA jAyagA vyAkaraNake anusAra ise dhRJ ghAraNe dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara dharaH tathA na dharaH adharaH banAyA jA sakatA hai| (82) adhaH :- adhara zabdameM hI yaha vivecita hai| (83) zantanu :- yaha saMjJA pada hai| RSTiSeNake choTe putrakA nAma zantuna thA82 nirukta ke anusAra - zantanuH zaM tano'stviti vA zamasmai 170 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ tanvAastviti vA arthAt he zarIra tumhArA kalyANaho yA isa zarIrake lie sukhaho isa AdhAra para zantanu bnaa| isake anusAra zam (zAntikA vAcaka) + tanu-zantanu zabda hai| bhASAvaijJAnika AdhAra para yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| nAmoMkI sArthakatAke lie yAskane uparyukta prayAsa kiyA hai| zAntanu zabda mahAbhAratameM zantanuke rUpameM upalabdha hotA hai| ise dhvaniparivartanakA pariNAma mAnA jA sakatA hai| mahAbhArata kAlIna zantanu yAska carcita zantanuse minna hai| zantanu zabdameM maMgala arthako AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| (84) purohita :- isakA artha hotA hai yajJa sampAdana karane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra purohitaH pura enaM dadhati arthAt rAjA loga anuSThAnameM inheM Age karate hai| isake anusAra purohita zabda meM puraH + dhA dhAtukA yoga hai| zAntika pauSTikAbhicArikeSu karmasu puraH enaM dadhati puraskurvanti rAjAnaH14 yAskake isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai-puraH +dhA-hita purohit| yaha zabda apekSAkRta bAda kA banA mAlUma par3atA hai kyoMki dhA dhAtuse hI banA purodhA zabda vedoMmeM bhI prApta hotA hai jisameM dhA dhAtukA mUla rUpa surakSita hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise puraH+dhA (dadhAterhiH)185 +kta-purohita banAyA jA sakatA hai-puro'gre dhIyate iti purohitaH / Aja bhI anuSThAnake sampAdanameM purohitakoagragAmI honA par3atA hai| (85) devazrutam :- yaha sAmAsika zabda hai| isakA artha hotA hai - devatAoMke dvArA sunA gyaa| niruktameM mAtra isakA artha spaSTa kiyA gayA haidevA enaM zRNvanti arthAt jaba stutiyoMko uccAraNa karatA hai to devatA ise sunate hai| isake anusAra isameM deva+ zru+kta pratyaya haiN| deva zrutam meM paryApta dhvanyAtmakatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI ise deva+ zru+kta - devazrutam banAyA jaaygaa| yaha nAma maMgala AdhArase yukta hai| (86) rarANa:- isakA artha hotA hai detA huA yA dAnazIla / niruktake anusAra rarANaH rAtiHabhyastaH arthAt rANameM rA dAnedhAtukA yoga hai evaM rA ke abhyAsa (dvitva) ho jAnese rarANa zabda banatA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise rA dAne dhAtuse kAnac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| 171 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (87) Aditya :- isakA artha sUrya hotA hai| niruktameM isake lie kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM- (1) Adatte rasAn arthAt yaha rasoMko grahaNa karatA hai| sUrya kI kiraNoMse jala sokha lie jAte haiM isake anusAra Aditya zabdameM A+dAdhAtukA yoga hai / (2) Adatte bhAsaM jyotiSAm arthAt yaha nakSatroMkI dIptiko le letA hai| isake anusAra bhI Aditya zabdameM A+ - dAdhAtukA yoga hai| (3) Adipto bhAsA + itivA' arthAt yaha prakAzase AvRtta hai| isake anusAra Aditya zabdameM A+ dIp dIptau dhAtukA yoga hai| (4)aditeH putra iti vA' arthAt yaha aditikA putra hai| yaha nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra para Adha pArita hai evaM taddhita prayomase niSpanna hai| tRtIya nirvacana AkRtimUlaka hai |bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise Aupasarga hai tathA didhAtu / isameM tya pratyaya lagakara Aditya zabda banA hai| didhAtukI prApti dina zabdameM ho jAtI hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra para sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiM / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise aditi + NyaH pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| aditike sAta putra hai- sUrya,mitra, varUNa,aryamA, dakSa, bhaga evaM aMza / ina saboMkI Aditya saMjJA hai| niruktakA caturtha nirvacana isI aitihAsikatAse sambaddha hai| (88) vratam :- vrata karmakA nAma hai| niruktameM kaI arthomeM isakA nirvacana huA hai| (1) vratamitikarmanAma vRNotItisataH188 arthAt karma arthameM vrata vRJ AcchAdane dhAtuse mAnA jAyagA kyoMki yaha karme manuSyoM ko zubhAzubha phaloMse AcchAdita kara detA hai| vratakA dUsarA artha nivRttiparaka hotA hai-yama niyamAdi (2) idamapItaravratametasmAdeva nivRttikarmavAraya-tItisata:18 arthAt yaha dUsarA nivRttiparaka yama niyamAdi arthavAlA vrata bhI vRdhAtuse hI banatA hai yaha manuSyoMko akarmase haTAtA hai| (3) annamapivratamucyate yadAvRNotizarIram arthAt annako bhI vrata kahA jAtA hai kyoMki vaha zarIrako AcchAdrita karatA hai| isake anusAra bhI vratameM vRJ AcchAdane dhAtu kA yoga hai kyoMki annase vyakti kA zarIra puSTa hotA hai| vRJ AcchAdana se vrata zabdameM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta pratIta hotA hai bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vRdhAtuse atac pratyaya karane para yA vRdhAtuse atac pratyaya karane para vrata zabda banegA / 120 172 : vyutpattiM vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 1 191 (89) sva :- isakA artha Aditya hotA hai / niruktameM isake lie kaI nirvacana prApta hote hai - (1) svarAdityo bhavati suaraNa: " arthAt Aditya arthameM sva: zabda su + R gatauke yogase niSpanna hai su + R - ar - svar - isake anusAra isakA artha hogA sundara gamana karatA hai| (2) su IraNa: " arthAt andhakArako bhagAne vAlA yA karmoMko prerita karane vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra isameM su + Ir dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) svRto rasAn "" arthAt yaha sabhI rasoMko grahaNa karaneke lie gayA hotA hai| sUrya apanI kiraNoMse rasa (jala Adi) grahaNa kara letA hai| isake anusAra isameM svR dhAtukA yoga hai / (4) svRto bhAsaM jyotiSAm"' arthAt yaha sabhI nakSatroMke prakAzake prati gayA hotA hai| isake anusAra bhI isameM svR dhAtukA yoga hai| (5) svRto bhASA iti vA " arthAt yaha prakAzase ghirA hotA hai| isake anusAra bhI isameM svR dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| zeSa sabhI nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate hai| aMtima nirvacana AkRti mUlaka hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra prathama nirvacanako hI upayukta mAnA jAyagA / bhASA vijJAnake anusAra svaHmeM su dhAtu tathA ar pratyaya mAlUma par3atA hai| sUrya zabdameM yaha dhAtu hameM prApta hotA hai| vyAkaraNakI dRSTise svara avyaya hai| ise svR + vic - svaH banAyA jA sakatA hai / svaH dyulokakA bhI vAcaka hai / (90) pRzni :- isakA artha Aditya hotA hai| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prastuta haiM - (1) pRznirAdityo bhavati prAznuta enaM varNa iti nairuktA: 192 arthAt niruktakAroMke anusAra ise varNa vyApta kie rahate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM pra + azu vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai (2) saMspraSTA rasAn 12 arthAt yaha rasoMko acchI taraha sparza karane vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra pRzni zabdameM spRz dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) saMspraSTA bhAsaM jyotiSAm" arthAt nakSatroMko vaha acchI taraha sparza karane vAlA hai| isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM spRz dhAtukA yoga hai| (4) saMspRSTAbhAsetivA1/2 athavA yaha dIpti prakAzase saMspRSTa hai| isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM spRz dhAtukA yoga hai| pRznikA artha dyuloka bhI hotA hai (5) atha dyauH saMspRSTA jyotibhiH puNyakRdbhizca" arthAt yaha dyuloka jyotiyoM evaM puNyavAnoMse spRSTa hai / yAskake prathama evaM tRtIya nirvacanako AkRtimUlaka kahA jA sakatA hai| spRz dhAtu se ni pratyaya mAnakara pRzni 173 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabdake nirvacana karanemeM dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra jyAdA samIcIna mAlUma par3atA hai| zeSa nirvacanoM kA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra spRz dhAtuseni pratyaya kara pRzniH banAyA jA sakatA hai| (91) nAka:- nAkakA artha Aditya hotA hai| niruktake anusAra (1) netA rasAnAm arthAt vaha rasoMko le jAne vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM nI dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) netA bhAsAm arthAt yaha prakAzako le jAne vAlA hotA hai| (3) isake anusAra bhI ise nI prApaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) jyotiSAM praNayaH arthAt yaha grahamaNDaloMko ghumAne vAlA hai| isake anusAra bhI isameM nI dhAtukA yoga hai| dvitIya nirvacana AkRti mUlaka hai| aMtima nirvacana bhaugolika mahattva rakhatA hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise ye nirvacana upayukta nahIM haiN| arthAtmaka AdhAra sabhI nirvacanoMke upayukta haiN| nAkakA arthasvargabhI hotA hai| laukika saMskRtameM nAkakA artha svarga hI prApta hotA hai| nAkakA arthaantarikSa bhI hotA hai| svargake arthameM nAka: na akam asminniti nAkaH' arthAt akakA artha duHkha hotA hai| jahAM duHkha nahIM ho, sukha hI sukhaho use nAka kahA jAtA hai| nAkakA artha dyu loka bhI hotA hai - kamiti sukhanAma tat pratiSiddhaM pratiSidhyeta 7 arthAt kamkA artha sukha hotA hai| isake viparIta akamakA artha duHkha hogA / na+aka-nAka, jahAM duHkhakA abhAva ho|dhulokmeN thor3AbhI duHkha nahIM hotA / (na vA amUM loka gatavate kiMca nAsukham puNyakRtI hyeva tatra gacchanti / )17 na+ aka-nAkaH dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase ise hI saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise na + aka:-nAka: banAyA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa sammata vyAkhyAmeM yAskake nirvacanahI AdhAra haiN| (92) viSTap :- isakA artha Aditya hotA hai| niruktameM isake lie kaI nirvacana prApta hote hai- (1) AviSTo rasAn!" arthAt vaha rasoMmeM AviSTa hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vizpravezane dhAtukA yoga hai| (2)AviSTo bhAsaM jyotissaam|" arthAt grahoMke prakAzake prati lagA huA hai| isake anusAra bhI isameM vizdhAtukA yoga hai| (3) AviSTobhoseti'" arthAt yaha dIptise AviSTa hotA hai| isake anusAra bhI viSTap zabdameM viz dhAtukA yoga hai| viz dhAtu se viSTapa zabda mAnanemeM dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| viza+kta karanA 174 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ adhika upayukta hogA kyoMki kta kA hI vistAra tap meM huA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| dvitIya evaM tRtIya nirvacanaAkRti mUlaka hai|vyaakrnnke anusAra viz+ kapan (tRTca) se banAyA jA sakatA hai| (93) nabha :- nabhakA artha Aditya hotA hai| niruktameM isake lie kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM- (1) netA bhAsAm' arthAt yaha prakAzako le jAne vAlA hai| isake anusAra isameM nIdhAtukA na tathA bhAsakA bha avaziSTa raha kara nabha huA aisA pratIta hotA hai| (2) jyotiSAM praNayaH arthAt yaha grahoMko gati denevAlA hai| isake anusAra isameM nI dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) api vA bhana eva syAdviparItasya" arthAt bhana zabda hI viparIta hokara varNa viparyayake dvArA nabha ho gayA hai (4) nanabhAtItivA" arthAt vaha nahIM prakAzita hotA aisI bAta nahIM pratyut vaha prakAzita hotA hai| isake anusAra isameM bhA dIptau dhAtukA yoga hai| inhIM nirvacanoMse dyu lokabhI vyAkhyAta haiN| prathama evaM caturtha nirvacana AkRti mUlaka AdhAra para AdhArita haiN| dvitIya nirvacanakA AdhAra bhaugolika hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| DA0 varmAke anusAra ina nirvacanoMmeM yAskakI anunnata kalpanAkA darzana hotA hai / 200 nabhakA artha AkAzabhI hotA hai jo dhulokake sAmyake AdhAra para mAnA jA sakatA hai| yAskake tRtIya nirvacanameM bhanako viparIta kara nabha mAnA gayA hai| isa nirvacanameM bhana zabdameM bhA dhAtukA yoga rahanese bhanakA artha prakAzaka mAnA jAyagA tathA vahI bhana zabda varNa viparyayake dvArA nabhake rUpameM svArthameM grahaNa kiyA gayA jo Adityake arthameM sarvathA upayukta hai| nirvacana siddhAntake anusAra yaha sarvathA upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra Nabha hiMsAyAm dhAtuse asun202 pratyaya karane para nabhas zabda banatA hai| (94) razmiH - razmi kiraNa evaM ghor3ekI rAsa (lagAAma) ko kahate hai / 203 niruktake anusAra razmiryamanAt arthAt niyamana karaneke kAraNa razmi kahA jAtA hai| rAsa evaM kiraNa donoM arthomeM yaha yukta hai| ghor3eko rAsa evaM jalako kiraNa niyamana karatI hai| isa nirvacanameM dhAtuke sAtha zabdakA dhvanyAtmaka sambandha spaSTa pratIta nahIM hotaa| ataH artha kI saMgati ke lie hI yAska ne isa prakAra kA nirvacana prastuta kiyA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ise 175 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ upayukta nahIM mAnA jAyagA / rAjavAr3eke anusAra razdhAtuse razmi zabda mAnanA jyAdA acchA hai jisakA artha bAMdhanA hotA hai| yaha vaidika kAlIna prAraMbhika dhAtu hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra azuvyAptaudhAtuse aznoterazca se miH pratyaya kara ra + az + miH - razmiH mAnA jA sakatA hai| (95) diza:- yaha dizA (kASThA) kA vAcaka hai| isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote hai (1) dizateH arthAt yaha diz atisarjane dhAtuse banA hai| isake anusAra artha hogA devatAoMke lie vali inhIM dizAoMmeM dI jAtI hai| ataH isI atisarjana kriyAke kAraNa dizaH zabda banA (2) AsadanAt arthAt ye dizAyeM pratyeka vastuoMke samIpa taka rahatI hai| isake anusAra isameM sad + kvip + ikAra - dhAtuke varNa parivartanake dvArA dasa-i-dizaH / (3) api vAbhyazanAt arthAt vaha sabhI padArthoko vyApta kara letI hai| isake anusAra isameM az vyApane dhAtu hai| DA0 varmAke anusAra yaha nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake anukUla hai| prathama nirvacanadhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| isakI arthAtmakatA sAMskRtika AdhAra rakhatI hai| zeSa donoM nirvacanoMmeM AMzika dhvanyAtmakatA hai| arthAtmaka dRSTise antima do bhI upayukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise dizatisarjanedhAtuse kvin pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (96) kASThA :- kASThAkA artha dizA hotA hai| isake atirikta bhI isake kaI arthahote hai| dizAke arthameM 1- krAntvA sthitA bhavati arthAt yaha dUsarekodhera kara avasthita hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kram dhAtu evaM sthA dhAtukA yoga hai- kram + sthA - kaasstthaa| upadizAke arthameM itaretaraM krAntvA sthitA bhavati arthAt ApasameM eka dUsareko ghera kara avasthita hai| isake anusArabhI kram + sthAkA yoga spaSTa hai|aadityke artha meM - 'krAntvA sthito bhavati' arthAt apane sthAna ko atikramaNakara avasthita hai| krama + sthA-kASThA / saMgrAma bhUmike arthameM-Ajyanto'pikASThocyate krAntvA sthito bhavati arthAt yuddhabhUmi apane pradezameM jAkara sthita hai| krama + sthaa| Apa arthAt jalake arthameM krAntvA sthitA bhavantIti sthAvarANAm arthAt ve jalAzayameM jAkara sthita ho jAte hai| yaha nirvacana sthAvara jalake lie hai gatimAna jalake lie nahIM / yAskake upayukta nirvacanoMmeM krama+ sthAkA yoga 176 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise yaha upayukta hai yAska artha bhinnatAke pradarzanameM hI kaI nirvacana prastuta karate hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kAzR dIptau dhAtuse kthan pratyaya kara kASThA banAyA jA sakatA hai| kAzante dIpyante iti kASThA kAzate iti kASThA anyatra bhI prApta hotA hai|214 (97) zarIram :- zarIrakA artha deha hotA hai| niruktameM isake do nirvacana prApta hote haiM 1- zarIraM zRNAte:12 arthAt zarIra zabda zRJ hiMsAyAm dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki zarIrakI hiMsA hotI hai| zR- zra + Iram - zarIram / 2) zamnAte arthAt zarIra zam upazame dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki zarIrakA upazamana (maraNa) hotA hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra para prathama nirvacana upayukta hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra donoMkA saMgata hai zarIrake hiMsAse tAtparya prAcIna kAlakI valise hai| prathama nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zR hiMsAyAm dhAtuse Iran pratyaya kara zarIram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (98) dIrghama:- dIrghakA artha Ayata yA bar3A hotA hai| niruktameM- dIrgha drAghateH arthAt dIrgha zabda drAgha AyAme dhAtuse niSanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha AyAmase yukta hotA hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai|bhaassaa vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana upayukta hai|vyaakrnnke anusAra ise dR vidAraNe dhAtusekta pratyaya karane para dR (vAhulakAddhaka) + kta-dIrgha banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAska nirdiSTa drA vaidika evaM prAcIna hai| (99) tamas :- tamaHkA artha aMdhakAra hotA hai| yAskake anusAra tamastanote:218 arthAt yaha zabda tanuM vistAredhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki vaha vistRta hotA hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa saMgata nhiiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise tamu glAnau dhAtuse asuna pratyaya kara tamas banAyA jA sakatA hai-tam + astms| (100) Azayat :- yaha eka kriyA pada hai| isakA artha hotA hai baiThAyA yA phailaayaa| niruktake anusAra Azete:218 arthAt yaha zabda AG pUrvaka zIG svapne dhAtuse banatA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra AG + zIG + laD prathama puruSa eka vacanameM Azayat 177 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabda hogaa| (101) indrazatru:- yaha sAmAsika zabda hai| niruktake anusAra indra zatruH indro'sya zamayitA zAtayitA vA18 arthAt indra isako (vRtrako) zAnta (mArane vAlA) karane vAlA hai yA indra zatruH vRtrake arthameM prayukta huA hai| isameM do prakArake vigraha ho sakate hai indrasya zatru-vRtraH |athvaa indraH zatruryasya sa indrazatruH / indrasya zatruH-indrazatruH isa tatpuruSa samAsameM antodAtta hogA tathA indraH zatruH zamayitAzAtayitA vA yasya saH indrazatruH isa vahubrIhi samAsameM pUrva pada AdhudAtta hogaa|20 yAskakA yaha nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| indra vRtrakA zatru hai yaha aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| aitihAsika AkhyAnoMmeM bhI yaha prApta hai| ataH indra zatrukA artha vRtra hai| nirutakAroMke anusAra vRtra megha hai| aitihAsikoMke anusAra yaha tvaSTAkAapatya asura hai| ise tvASTra bhI kahA jAtA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise indrazatruH zabdake nirvacanameM yAska dvArA 6 pAtuoMkI upasthApanA upayukta hai| ise bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| ___(102) dAsa :- isakA artha karmakara yA naukara hotA hai| niruktake anusAra - dAso dasyate:2 arthAt yaha zabda dasu upakSaye dhAtuse banatA hai| kyoMki vaha kRSi Adi kArya sampanna karatA hai| DA0 varmAke anusAra isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| lekina arthAtmakatA pUrNa rUpameM upayukta nahIM / vastutaH dasu upakSaye dhAtuse dAsa zabda mAnane para isakA artha hogA kAryokA vinAzaka / vizeSa arthameM kArya sampAdana karane vAlA bhI mAnA jAyagA / tatkAlIna naukarake vyAvahArake anusArahI yaha nAmakaraNa pratIta hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra dAsR dAne dhAtuse gha. pratyaya karane para dAsaH zabda banatA hai| (103) ahi:- isakA artha megha, sarpa Adi hotA hai| niruktameM isake lie kaI nirvacana prApta hote hai-1-ayanAt arthAt gamana karaneke kAraNa ahiH kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM ay gatau dhAtukA yoga hai (2) eti antarikSe arthAt megha antarikSameM gamana karatA hai| isake anusAra isameM iN gatau dhAtu kA yoga hai| sarpakA vAcaka ahi : bhI inhIM nirvacanoM se mAnA 178 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ jAyagA / kyoMki sAMpa bhI gamana karatA hai| nirhRsitopasargaH AhantIti226 A + han dhAtuse A upasarga ko hrasva kara a + han - ahiH hogA / vaha apane daMzase mAra DAlatA hai| 227 arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| AG + han dhAtuse ahiHmeM upayukta dhvanyAtmakatA hai / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise aMtima nirvacana saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra A + han hiMsAgatyau 229 iN - ahiH banAyA jA sakatA hai / (104) paNi:- isakA artha vaNik hotA hai| niruktuke anusAra paMge: paNanAt 226 arthAt paNan yA vyApAra kriyA karanese praNi kahalAtA hai ! isake anusAra paNiH zabdameM paN vyavahAre dhAtukA yoga hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| paNse niSpanna ApaNa - bAjAra, paNya vItho. paNya Adi zabda pracalita haiM / (105) vilam :- vilakA ardha vivara hotA hai| niruktaMke anusAra bilaM bharaM bhavati' arthAt vila bhara hotA hai| bhara zabda DrabhRJ bharaNeM dhAtuse banatA hai / vila jala Adise bhara jAtA hai isalie vila kahalAtA hai| bharava. hI bhala hokara vilaho gayA hai| DubhJ dhAraNa poSaNayoH dhAtuse bhilaM vilaM zabda banAnA upayukta hogA / yAskake isa nirvacanameM svargata evaM vyaMjanagata audAsinya hai 229 arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA upayukta hai / bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra vil bhedane dhAtuse kaH pratyaga kara vilam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (106) vRtra :- isakA artha medha hotA hai / 21 aitihAsikoMke anusAra tvaSTAke putra asurakA bhI nAma vRtra hai | 232 niruktake anusAra vRtraH vaNotervA 233 arthAt vRtra zabda vRJ AcchAdane dhAtu se banatA hai| megha AkAzako AcchAdita kara letA hai / 224 (2) vartatervA23 arthAt yaha zabda gatyarthaka vRtu dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki vRtra gamana karatA hai / (3) varddhatervA" arthAt yaha zabda vRdhu dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki yaha vRtra varSA RtumeM kAphI bar3hatA hai / vaha AkAzako Dhaka letA hai isalie vRtrakA vRtratva hai| vaha nIcekI ora agrasara rahatA hai yahI vRtrakA vRtratva hai tathA vaha vRddhiko prApta karatA hai yahI vRtrakA vRtratva hai| yAskake prathama do nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra rakhate haiN| aMtima nirvacana meM mAtra 179 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ arthAtmaka saMgati hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise prathama donoM nirvacana upayukta haiN| tvATra asurake pakSameM bhI ye hI nirvacana upayukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra vRtra zabda vRt varaNe dhAtuse rak pratyaya karane para banatA hai| (107) rAtri :- rAtrikA artha rAta hotA hai| isake lie niruktameM kaI nirvacana prApta hote hai (1) praramayati bhUtAninaktaMcArINi arthAt rAtrimeM vicaraNa karane vAle prANIko yaha prasanna karatI hai| pizAca, caura Adi rAtrimeM vicaraNa karate hai isIlie unheM rAtriMcara kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra rAtri zabdameM ram dhAtukA yoga hai - ram + tri - rAtriH (2) uparamayatItarANi dhruvI karoti26 arthAt dUsare praNiyoMko kAryase uparata kara detI hai tathA unheM dhruva karatI hai yA sthira karatI hai| dinameM kArya karaneke bAda prANI rAtri vizrAma kara apanI khoyI huI zakti punaH prApta kara lete hai phalataH vaha svastha yA dIrghAyu hotA hai| isake anusAra bhI isameM ram dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) rAtervAsyAddAna karmaNa:237 arthAt rAtri zabda rA dAne dhAtuse banA hai kyoMki isameM osakA dAna kiyA jAtA hai-pradIyante'syAmavazyAyAH37 | yAskake ina nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra rAdAne dhAtuse trip238 pratyaya kara rAtriH banAyA jA sakatA hai| (108) uSas :- rAtrike aMtima kAlako uSA kahate hai| niruktake anusAra ucchatIti satyA rAtreraparaH kAla:237 yaha rAtrikA pazcAta bhAga hai yaha andhakArako haTAtI hai| isake anusAra uS zabdameM ucchI vivAse dhAtukA yoga hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra uSkA hI vistAra rUpa ucchaM hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise uSa dAhedhAtuse as 3 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai-uS + as-uSas / (109) yoni :- isakA artha sthAna hotA hai| niruktake anusAra abhiyuto240 bhavati arthAt jisameM vidhAna hotA hai usake sAtha milA rahatA hai| strI yoniH bhI isI nirvacanase ho jAyagA / abhiyuta enAM garbha:240 arthAt strI yoni garbhase mizrIbhUta hai| yoniHantarikSako bhI kahA gayA hai- parivIta vAyunA240 arthAt yaha vAyuse pariveSTita hai| strI yonike arthameM snAvA mAMsena ca pariyuto bhvti| arthAt strI yoni snAyu evaM mAMsase parivRta hotI hai| 180 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ uparyukta nirvacanoMse spaSTa hai ki yoniH zabdameM yu mizraNe dhAtukA yoga hai-yu+ ni:-yoniH / yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra yu mizraNedhAtuse ni:342 pratyaya kara yoniH banAyA jA sakatA (110) rUzat:- yaha varNakA nAma hai tathA sUryake lie prayukta huA hai / 243 niruktake anusAra rocaterbajati karmaNa:244 arthAt yaha jvalatyarthaka rUcdhAtuke yogase banA hai| yaha pradIpta dIkha par3atA hai| rUcdhAtuse.rUzat zabdakA nirvacana dRzyAtmaka AdhAra para AdhArita hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgataM hai|bhaassaa vijJAnake anusAra rUzdhAtu jyAdA upayukta hogaa| (111) zvetyA :- isakA artha hotA hai zubhra varNa vaalii| yaha uSAkA vizeSaNa hai|43 niruktake anusAra zvetyA zvetate. arthAt zvitAvaNe dhAtuse zvetyA zabda banatA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zvitdhAtuse ac245 pratyaya karane para zveta zabda banatA hai| (112) kRSNam :- isakA artha kAlA varNa hotA hai| yahAM kRSNa rAtri ke vizeSaNake rUpameM prayukta huA hai|243 niruktakai anusAra-kRSNaM kRSyate nikRSTo varNa:24" arthAt kRSNa zabda kRSdhAtuse banatA hai| kRSNa varNa sabhI vargoM se nikRSTa hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra kRS varNe dhAtuse naka2 pratyaya karane para kRSNa zabda banatA hai| (113) dyau :- isakA artha hotA hai dyutise yukta / niruktameM uSA evaM rAtrike lie dvivacanameM dhAvau zabdakA prayoga huA hai| dyau kI vyutpatti dyotanAt 247 arthAt isameM dhut dIptau dhAtukA yoga ha kyoMki ye prakAzita hote hai| yaha dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra dyut dIptau dhAtuse Do248 pratyaya karane para yau zabda banatA hai| dyautante'syAM dyau; govat / (114) aha :- ahankA artha dina hotA hai| niruktake anusAra upAharantyasmin karmANi27 arthAt isameM karmokA sampAdana kiyA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isameM haja haraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| ha kA hI guNagata rUpa ahaH 181 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai / ahaH meM ha aura ra kA yoga hai - hR - ah - ahar - ahaH / isameM dhAtukA nirdeza upayukta hai / arthAtmaka dRSTise bhI yaha saMgata hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra zithila hai | vyAkaraNake anusAra ise avyaya mAnA gayA hai| ise aha + ac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (115) upara yA upala :- yaha meghakA vAcaka hai / niruktake anusAra uparamante'smin abhrANi arthAt isameM abhra (vAdala) uparamaNa karate haiM yA milate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM upa + ram dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) upastA ApaH itivA249 arthAt isameM jala uparata hote hai yA milate hai| isake anusArabhI isa zabdameM upa + ram dhAtukA yoga hai| ram dhAtukA kevala ra hI avaziSTa rahA hai upa + ram - ra- upara / ra evaM la meM abheda mAnanese upara evaM upala donoM hogA upalakA nirvacanamI isI prakAra hogaa| prathama nirvacana arthAtmaka evaM dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai / dvitIya nirvacanabhI bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise saMgata hai| prathama nirvacanameM abhrake milanese tAtparya meghake pUrva rUpa dhUmavat bhAga ke milanese hai / (116) prathama :- yaha mukhyakA vAcaka hai| pratamaH bhavati 249 arthAt yaha sabase utkRSTatama hotA hai| isake anusAra isameM pra prakRSTakA vAcaka hai tathA tamap pratyayase pratamaH-prathamaH banA hai / bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise pratamaH ko prathamaH mAna lene para ukta zabdameM ta kA mahAprANI karaNamAnA jAyagA / bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha upayukta hai| prathamakA artha AdibhI hotA hai| 25deg vyAkaraNake anusAra prath vistAre dhAtuse amacyA pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (117) anUpA :- isakA artha hotA hai anugRhIta karane vAle / anUpakI saMkhyA niruktake anusAra tIna hai - parjanya, vAyu evaM Aditya / ye tInoM auSadhiyoMko pakAte hai / kaI arthomeM isake nirvacana upalabdha hote haiM- anuvapanti. lokAn svena svena karmaNA249 arthAt ye sabhI apane karmose lokoM para anugraha karate hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM anu + vap dhAtukA yoga hai| anu + vap (va-u-anu + up-anUpa / anUpakA artha jalase bharA kSetrabhI hotA hai isa arthameM bhI isakA nirvacana isI prakAra hogA - anUpyate udakena arthAt yaha udakase yukta rahatA hai - anu + vap - anUpa / api vA anvAp itisyAt 22 arthAt jo jalase ghirA ho| isake anusAra isa zabdameM anu + ApakA yoga 182 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai|aap jalakA vAcaka hai- anApa- anu-Apa-anUpa | aMtima nirvacanameM yAskakA kahanA hai ki prAkke sthAna para jaise prAcIna kahA jAtA hai vaise hI anvApa ke sthAna para anUpa kahA jAtA hai yahAM yAskakA uddezya zabda sAdRzyakA pradarzana karanA bhI hai| isa nirvacanameM zabdagata sAdRzya pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai kyoMki anvApase anUpameM A kA U ho gayA hai javaki prAkse prAcInameM isa prakArakA parivartana nahIM dekhA jAtA | prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka eva arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai|any sabhI nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise anu+ ap + ac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA haiN| (118) vRvUkam :- yaha jalakA vAcaka hai| niruktameM isake lie do nirvacana prApta hote hai| (1) vravItervA zabda karmaNaH arthAt yaha vRJ yaktAyAMvAci dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha zabda karatA hai| (2) aMzatervA arthAt yaha bhraMz avasaMstraNe dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki yaha skhalita hotA rahatA hai| prathama nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| ____(119) purISam :- niruktameM yaha jalake vizeSaNake rUpameM prayukta huA hai| isake lie do nirvacana prApta hote hai| () purISaM pRNAta. arthAt yaha prIJ tarpaNedhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoki yaha tRpta karatA hai| (2) pUrayatervA arthAt yaha zabda pUrI ApyAyane dhAtuse niSanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha bar3hatA rahatA hai| pUrI apyAyane dhAtuse purISam zabda mAnanemeM dhvanyAtmaka saMgati upayukta haiN| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase donoM nirvacana upayukta haiM ! laukika saMskRtameM purISakA artha viSThA hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise pR pAlana pUraNayoH dhAtu se ISan pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| isa zabdameM arthaparirvatana spaSTa hai| (120) vAk :- yaha vANIkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-vace:53 arthAt yaha vac paribhASaNedhAtuse banatA hai| jo volA jAya use vAk kahate hai| isa meM vac dhAtu sthita ca kA k ho gayA hai bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana sarvathA upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise vac paribhASaNe dhAtu se 183 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kvip pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| vac + kvip-vAca-vAk / dIrghaH (121) zuSmam :- isakA artha bala hotA hai| niruktake anusAra - zoSayatIti sat: arthAt yahazuS zoSaNedhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha zatruoMko sukhAtA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta hai lekina arthAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zuS zoSaNe 6 tuse man pratyaya kara zuSma banAyA jA sakatA hai| (zuSyatyenAriH) arthAt isase zatruoMko sukhAyA jAtA hai| __(122) visam :- isakA artha hotA hai kamalanAla / niruktake anusAra - bisaM visyaterbhedana karmaNo vRddhikarmaNo vA57 arthAt yaha bhedanArthakaM yA vRddhayarthaka vis dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| vis dhAtu bhedanArthaka mAnane para yaha kahAjA sakatA hai ki yaha AsAnIse TUTa jAtA hai tathA vRddhayarthaka mAnane para kahAjA sakatA hai ki yaha atyadhika bar3hatA hai yA yaha pauSTika hotA hai| yaha nirvacanadhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra para upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise vis preraNe dhAtuse ka:58 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (123) sAnu :- isakA artha hotA hai, zikhara, cottii| niruktake anusAra (1) sAnu samucchitaM bhavati arthAt yaha (coTI) uThI huI hotI hai| isake anusAra isameM sam + ut + zridhAtukA yoga hai| (2) samunnunnam-arthAt yaha (coTI) acchI taraha Upara gayI hotI hai| isake anusAra sAnu zabdameM sam + ut nuha tukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacanakAdhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhArase donoM yukta haiN| dvitIya nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra SaNu dAne dhAtuse yuNa25 pratyaya kara sAnu zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (124) udakam :- udakakA artha jala hotA hai| niruktake anusAra unattIti sataH arthAt undI kledane dhAtuse udaka zabda banatA hai kyoMki yaha Ardra kara detA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra undI kledane dhAtuse kvun pratyaya karane para udakam zabda banatA hai| (125) nadI :- nadI sarakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - nadanA 184 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ imA bhavanti zabdavatyaH1 arthAt yaha zabda karane vAlI hotI hai| isake anusAra nadI zabdameM Nad avyakte zabde dhAtukA yoga hai| nadI avyakta zabda karatI huI pravAhita hotI hai|bhaassaa vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI ise Nad avyaktese a63 pratyaya kara Nad + aTa - nada +264 DIe nadI banAyA jA sakatA hai| (126) vizvAmitra :- yaha eka RSikA nAma hai| isakA artha hotA hai savakA mitr| niruktake anusAra vizvAmitraH sarvamitra.2 isake anusAra vizvAmitrameM vizva+mitrakA yoga hai| vizva sarvakA vAcaka hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase yaha upayukta hai| prAtizAkhAke anusAra bhitra zabda agara u...| padameM ho ta vizvake akAra kA dIrdha ho jAtA hai 25 vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI vizva+mitra-vizvAmitra mAnA jAyagA / yaha sAmAsika zabda hai| pANinike anusAra RSi bodha hone para vizva + mitrakA vizvAmitra hogaa| (127) sarvam :- isakA artha hotA hai -- sabhI niruktake anusAra - sarvaM sNsRtm| arthAt sarva zabda sR gatau se niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA saMsRta arthAt phailA huA hai| yaha eka sarvanAma hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana sarvathA upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sRgatau + 4:267 pratyaya kara athavA Sat gatau dhAtuse ac 268 pratyaya kara sarvam banAyA jA sakatA hai| __(128) paijavana:- yaha eka saMjJA pada hai| isakA artha hotA hai pijavanakA putra / pijavanasyaputraH pijavana eka rAjAkA nAma thA usakA putra paijavana khlaayaa| yaha taddhita prayoga hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise yaha upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra pijavana+aN pratyaya kara paijavana banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskakA nirvacana aitihAsika mahattva rakhatA hai| (129) pijavana:- yaha eka saMjJA padaM hai| isakA zAbdika artha hotA hai spRhAke yogya gativAlA niruktake anusAra-pijavana punaH spardhanIya javo vA'mizrIbhAvagati arthAt pijavana spardhanIyagativAlA yA amizrI bhAva gati vAlA hotA hai / amizrI bhAva gati se tAtparya hai jisakI gati dUsaroM meM 185 vyatpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nahIM mila sake / yaha karttavyaniSThake arthameM prayukta hotA hai| uparyukta nirvacanake anusAra piM spardhAkA vAcaka hai tathA java gati vAcaka hai - pi + ju gatau - pijavana / isameM ana pratyatha. hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise isameM pUrNa dhvanyAtmakatAkAabhAva hai| arthAtmaka dRSkioNase yaha upayukta hai| (130) Rtam :- isakA artha hotA hai jala / niruktake anusAra-pratyRtaM bhavati arthAt yaha sabhI jagaha gayA huA yA sabhI jagaha upalabdha hotA hai| isake anusAra Rtam zabdameM RgataudhAtukA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise yaha upayukta hai| Rtamke jalake atirikta satya Adi kaI artha hote haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise Rgatau dhAtuse ktayA pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (131) eva :- isakA artha rakSaNa yA gamana hotA hai- evaiH ayanairavanairvAra arthAt yaha zabda iN gatau yAavra kSaNedhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise iN gatause vanya iN + van pratyaya - eva banAyA jA sakatA hai / koSa granthoMse isake upamA, paribhava, ISadartha, avadhAraNa Adi arthokA saMketa prApta hotA hai| (132) Rtu:- isakA artha samaya hotA hai| niruktake anusAra- RtuH arteH gati karmaNaH arthAt Rtu zabdaR gatau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isakA gamana hotA rahatA hai, samaya vyatIta hotA jAtA hai| isakA .. vanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai|bhaassaa vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha saMgata hai| laukika saMskRtameM Rtu vasantAdi chaH RtuoMkA dyotaka hai jo vaidika RtukA artha saMkoca mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakA nirvacana bhI isI taraha hogA kyoMki yaha bhI vyatIta hotA rahatA hai| striyoMke mAsika dharmake lie bhI Rtu zabdakA prayoga hotA hai| nirdhArita samayase sambaddha honeke kAraNa isake lie bhI uparyukta nirvacana hI upayukta hogaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra R gatau + tuH pratyaya kara ise banAyA jA sakatA hai| 16 (133) muhu:- isakA artha hotA hai-thor3A samaya / niruktake anusAra - muhuH mUDha iva kAlaH arthAt mUr3hake samAna samaya / itanA kama samaya jisakA 186 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ patA na cala sake arthAt alpa samaya / muhuH zabda avyaya hai tathApi yAska isakA nirvacana karate nahI cukate / isa nirvacanameM dhAtu spaSTa nahIM hai| mAtra artha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra muh + us pratyaya kara ise banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM punaH ke arthameM bhI isakA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| (134) abhIkSNam :- abhIkSNamkA artha hotA hai kSaNamAtra / niruktake anusAra abhikSaNaM bhavati arthAt yaha zabda abhi + kSaN dhAtuke yogase banatA hai / dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yaha upayukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM yaha punaH punaH ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / isa AdhAra para isa zabda meM arthAdeza mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra abhi + kSNu tejane dhAtu + Dam pratyaya kara abhIkSNam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai T (135) kSaNa :- isakA artha hotA hai - ghor3A samaya / niruktake anusAra kSaNaH kSaNoteH 77 arthAt yaha zabda kSapa hiMsAyAm dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| prakSNutaH kAlaH arthAt alpa samaya / DA0 varmAke anusAra yaha nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake alpa vikAsakA pariNAma hai| 278 hiMsArthaka honeke kAraNa kSaNu dhAtu se kSaNa zabda mAnanA bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi saMgata hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise kSaNu hiMsAyAm dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara saN + acaya - kSaNaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / (136) kAla :- isakA artha hotA hai samaya / rukta ke anusAra kAlaH kAlayatergatikarmaNa:77 arthAt yaha zabda gatyartha kal, dhattuke yogase banatA hai kyoMki yaha vyatIta hotA rahatA hai yA sarva prANiyoMko samApta kara detA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kal dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara athavA ghaJ pratyaya kara kAlaH banAyA jA sakatA hai / zrI madbhagavadgItAmeM bhI kalse hI kAla zuddhakA saMketa prApta hotA hai 282 sabhI prANiyoM ko naSTa kara detA hai isake calate kAla yamarAja tathA mRtyukA bhI vAcaka hai / (137) kuzika :- kuzika vaidi rAjAkA nAma hai| ye vizvAmitrake pitA the / niruktake anusAra (1) krozateH zabdakarmaNa 283 arthAt yaha zabda kuz 187 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabde dhAtuke yogase banA hai| ve prAyaH zabda karate rahate the yA cillAte rahate the (2) kraMzatervAsyAt prakAzayati karmaNaH arthAt yaha zabda prakAza artha vAle kraz dhAtuke yogase banatA hai ye uttama karmoko prakAzita karate haiM ataH krNsh-kushik| (3) sAdhu nikrozayitAnAmarthAnAmitivA arthAt dhanake lie vacana dene vaalaa| isake anusAra bhI isameM kruzdhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana purUSakI prakRtikA AdhAra mAnakara kiyA gayA hai dvitIyameM usake karmoko AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| arthAtmaka dRSTise sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| prathama evaM tRtIya nirvacanoMkA 6 vanyAtmaka AdhAra bhI saMgata hai| laukika saMskRtameM prathama nirvacanake AdhAra para hI kuzikakA artha ullU mAnA gayA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra - kuz + Than pratyaya kara kuzikaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (138) pANi :- pANikA artha hAtha hotA hai| niruktake anusAra - paNAyateH pUjAkarmaNa:284 arthAt yaha zabda pUjArthaka paN dhAtuse banatA hai| paN dhAtu vyavahAra paraka hai| usa samaya hAthakA upayoga prAyaH pUjA karmake lie adhika hotA hogaa| kAlAntarameM isa zabdakA artha vistAra ho gayA hai| Aja bhI hAthakA vyavahAra kAryoke lie adhika hotA hai| isake dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiN| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha nirvacana sarvathA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake AdhAra para bhI paN vyavahAre dhAtuse iNa85 pratyaya kara pANiH zabda banAyA jAtA hai| (139) urvI :- urvIkA artha hotA hai-vistRta / urvyaH UrNote. arthAt yaha zabda UrguJ AcchAdane dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki vaha atyadhika AcchAdana kie rahatA hai- isa nirvacanake prasaMgameM yAska AcArya aurNavAbhake siddhAnta kA upasthApana karate haiM- vRNoteMrityaurNanAbhaH arthAt aurNavAbhake anusAra yaha zabda vRJ AcchAdane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| vRJ dhAtuke va kA u samprasAraNake dvArA ho jAtA hai tathA urvI zabda banatA hai|bhaassaa vaijJAnika dRSTise donoM nirvacana upayukta haiN| laukika saMskRtameM urvI pRthvIkA vAcaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra-UNuJAcchAdane dhAtuse u:287 GIS pratyaya kara urvI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai isa zabdakA artha vikAsa huA hai| . (140) azva :- isakA artha ghor3A hotA hai| yAskane isake lie do 188 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ - nirvacana prastuta kiye hai azvaH aznute adhvAnam arthAt vaha mArgako zIdha vyApta kara letA hai / isa AdhAra para azvazabdameM az vyAptau dhAtukA yoga mAnA jAyagA / mahAzano bhavati arthAt vaha adhika khAne vAlA hotA hai| isa AdhAra para azva zabdameM az bhojane dhAtukA yoga mAnA jAyagA / yaha AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| ina nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka eva arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASAvijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra azUvyAptau dhAtuse kvana pratyayake dvArA azva zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| -- (141) dadhikrA :- isakA artha hotA hai. ghodd'aa| niruktake anusAra (1) dadhat krAmatItivA284 arthAt vaha baiThate hI cala par3atA hai| inake anusAra isa zabdameM dhA + krA dhAtukA yoga hai| dhA dadh + krA - dadhikrA / (2) dadhat krandatItivA" arthAt dhAraNa karate (car3hate) hI vaha hinahinAtA rahatA hai| isake anusAra dhA + krand dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna mAnA jAtA hai / (3) dadhat AkArI bhavatIti vA289 arthAt dhAraNa karatehI vaha AkAra grahaNa kara letA hai / ye nirvacana pUrNa spaSTa nahI haiN| dadhikrA zabdakA aMtima khaNDa krA kramazaH krandati tathA AkArI bhavatikA dyotaka hai| isa zabdakeM nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jAyagA / nirvAcana prakriyAke anusAra yaha pUrNa saMgata hai| -- (142) grIvA :- grIvAkA artha hotA hai galA / niruktameM isake lie kaI nirvacana prApta hote hai - (1) giratervA arthAt yaha gR nigaraNe dhAtuke yogase banA hai| isase annakA nigaraNa hotA hai| (2) gRNAtervA arthAta 22 yaha zabda gR zabde dhAtuke yogase banA hai kyoMki isase zabda kiyA jAtA hai / (3) gRhNAtervA arthAt yaha zabda grah grahaNe dhAtuke yogase banA hai kyoMki isase jala Adi grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| DA0 varmAke anusAra gR dhAtuse grIvAkA nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta hai / 290 arthAtmaka AdhAra sabhI nirvacanoMkA upayukta hai / prathama eva dvitIya nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra bhI saMgata hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra gR nigaraNe dhAtuse van' pratyaya kara grIvA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| grIvA zabdake nirvacanameM yAska usakI kriyAko hI arthAtmakatA kA AdhAra 15 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ mAnate hai| (143) panthA :- panthAkA artha mArga hotA hai| niruktameM isake lie kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM- (1) patatervA arthAt yaha pat dhAtuke yogase banatA hai| (2) padyatervA arthAt isameM padgatau dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) panthatervA arthAt yaha zabda gatyarthaka panth dhAtuke yogase banA hai| tInoMhI gatyarthaka dhAtu hai ataH sabhIkA artha hogA jisase calA jAya / bhASA vijJAnake anusAra panth gatau dhAtuse isakA nirvacana mAnanA acchA hogA / vyAkaraNake anusAra pat gatau + ini293 pathin- panthA banAyA jA sakatA hai| (144) aMka :- aMkakA artha mor3a hotA hai| niruktake anusAra aMka: aMcate:22 arthAt yaha zabda aMcu gatipUjanayoHdhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai / mor3a yA kuTila arthameM aMkakI uparyukta vyutpatti dhvanyAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / laukika saMskRtameM aMkakA artha goda evaM cihna hotA hai|294 cihnArthaka aMka zabda aki lakSaNe dhAtuse ghaJ pratyaya karane para banatA hai| yAskake nirvacanase jJAta hotA hai ki aMkake arthameM kAphI parivartana huA hai| sandarbha saMketa 1-ni0 2 11,2 - kharica - aSTA0 8 14 155,3- do daddo- aSTA0 -74 146,4-ac upasargAttaH- aSTA0 6 14 147,5-Adec upadezeDaziti - aSTA0 6 11 145,6- athApyete nivRtti sthAneSvAdilopo bhavati" ni0 2 11, 7-znasorallopaH- aSTA0 6 14 1111,8-varNAgamo varNaviparyazca dvaucAparau varNavikAra nAzau / dhAtostadarthAtizayena yogastaducyate paMcavidhaM niruktam / / 9 - kaGitica- aSTA0 111 15, 10- anudAttopadeze0- aSTA0 6 14 137,11 - ktaktavatUniSThA-aSTA0 111/26, 12- anudAttopadeze-aSTA0 6 14 137, 13 - athApyupadhAlopo bhavati - ni0 2 11, 14 - alo'ntyAtpUrva upadhA - aSTA0 111 165, 15 - rAjA prabhaucanRpatau kSatriye rajanIpatau / yakSe zakre ca puMsi syAt - medi0 91 1125, 16 - rAjatedIpyate hyasau paMcAnAM . lokapAlAnAM vapuSA-ni0 du0 vR0 2 11,17- rAjA prakRti raMjanAt- raghu0 4112, 18- yuvRSi iti kanin - uNA0 11156,19- athApyupadhA vikAro 190 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhavati-ni0211,20-ni02 11,21-inhapUdhAryamNAMzau-aSTA0 6 14 112, 22 - athApi varNalopo bhavati-ni0 2 11,23-rAjavADe yA yAMcAyAM dhAtuse niSpanna mAnate hai-(dInyU vaidika seleksana, peja 35 (noTsa) vAI taileMga eNDa caube), 24- athApi dvivarNa lopaH- ni0 2 11, 25- atra RvarNarepheyo lopH| sa lupyate lavarNena sAkam ni0 du0 vR0 2 11 12, 26 - Rci treH samprasAraNaM vaktavyam / uttaspadAdilopaH chandasi vaktavyaH / tRcaM sUktaM tRcaM tisraH RcaH sAma / chandasiiti kim tryacAni-mahAbhASyA-bhA0 3, peja 33, 27 -athApyAdi viparyayo bhavati-ni02 11,28-ghanaM sAndraM ghanaM vAdyaM ghanomusto ghano'mbudaH ghanaH kAThinyasaMghAto vistAro lohmudgrau|| ama0 ko rAmAzrabhI- pR0 578 313 1111,29- aSTA0-313 177,29-ka-halAyudha-pR0 614, 30athApyAdyanta viparyayo bhavati - ni0deg211:31 aSTA0 313 119, 32 - rajjurveNyAM guNe yoSit - vizva0 ko0 33114, 33 sRjerasuzva uNAo 1115, halA0 - pR0 558, 34 - vAhulakAdataca pRSodarAdi0-- aSTA0 613 (109,35- athApianta vyApattiH bhavati ni02 11,36-ni02 16, 37aSTA0 3 11134,38- nyaG kvAditvAt kutvam / aSTA0713 153, 39vadhUH snuSA navoDhAstrI bhAryA pRkkAgaMnAsu ca zaTyA cazArivAyAM ca eU" vizva ko0 83 /20 (ama0 ko0 rAmA03 13/102).40-khaghathadhabhAMhaH- prAkRo prakA0,41- vahodhazca uNA0 1183,42 + madhu kSaudre jale kSIre madye puSarase madhuH / daitye caitre vasante ca jIvakoze mdhushrume|| (vizva ko0- 82 111).43ni0 411, 44.- (soma evaM zarAbame kAphI antara hai, zarAba pInese unmAnda hotA hai jabaki soma pAnase vijayake lie joza bar3hatA hai| devatAoMke lie soma yAga isI para AdhArita hai|), 45 - ni0 10 13. 46 - idamapItaranma vetasmAdeva-ni0411,47-50-R4138 110,48- phalipAhi0- uNAo 1/18,49- athApi varNopajanaH - ni0211,50-asyatesthaka-aSTA0 714 117,51-athApi varNopajana:-ni02 11,52-ni08 |2,53 - gRhadvArati kAtthakyaH - ni0 812, 54,- agniriti zAkapUNiH - ni0 8 12, 55 - vaidikapadAnukramakoSa - (saMhitA bhAga, tRtIya khaNDa paM0 vizvavandhu- 1956 I0 saMskaraNa), 56 - UtiH avanAt - ni0 5 1 1, 57- igyaNaH samprasAraNam 191 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ - aSTA0 111 145, 58 - UtayaH khalu vai tA nAma yAbhirdevAH yajamAnasya havamAyAnti ye vai panthAno yAH srutayastA vA Utayasta u evaitsvargayAnA yajamAnasya bhavanti - (ai0 brA0 111), 59 - mRduHsyAt - komale'tIkSNe - medi0 ko075 114, 60- prathimradi0- uNA0 1 |28, 61- pRSatastu mRge vindau kharohite / zveta vinduyute'pi syAt - haima0 3 1300, 62 - pRSiraMjibhyAM kituNA0 3 1111 ityatac pratyayaH, 63- athApibhASikemyaHdhAtubhyaH naigamAH kRtaH bhASyante-ni0 2 11,64- damUnA damamanA agniratithirvA-ni0 du0 vR0114, 65 - ni0 - 411, 66 - mitraM na kSetrasAdhasam - (R saM0 3 12 14), 67 - iN siJ jidIvyavibhyonak - uNA0 3 12,68- ni0 du0 vR0 2 11,69- AtvA jigharmi- ya0saM0- 11/13,70-ni0717,71 -aMjighRsibhyaHktaH- uNAo 3 189,72 manu0- 10/44-45 yavanAzcInakAmbojAH dAruNAmlekSajAtayaH mahA0 bhAra0 bhISma parva 965,73-ni0 2 11,74- kambala or3hanA kambala bichaunA kambalakA sirahanA / kambalakI hI aMgA TopI kambala para nita sonA-anuzruti, 75- kamanIyAni prArthanIyAni caite hi dravyAni upabhujyante, pracura ratno hisa dezaH iti - ni0 du0 vR0 2 11, 76 ka- dI iTImaulojIja oNpha yAska, peja 108,76 - ni0 2 11.77 - dI iTImaulojIja auphayAska, peja 108, 78 - vRSAditvAt - kalac - uNA0 11106, 79 - zavatirgatikarmA kambojeSveva bhASyate- ni02 11,80-vikAramasyAryeSu bhASyante zavaiti-ni02 11,81ni0 4 113, 82 - aSTA03 111134,83- dAti lavaNArthe prAcyeSu-ni0 2 11, 84 - dAtramudIcyeSu-ni0 2 11,85-dAmnI-aSTA0 3 12 1182,86-ni0 2/1,87- daNDo'strI laguDe'pi syAt-ama03/4/42,88-daNDaH damanA ditiAhuH, tena adAntAn damayeta / / - gau0 dharmasU0 - 2 |28, 89 - dI iTImaulojIja oNpha yAska, peja 45, 90- pacAdyac- aSTA0 3 111134,91 -uNAo-1 /114,92-ni02 11,93-ni0 du002 |1,94-dIiTImaulojIja aeNpha yAska, peja 37,95-ni0 2 11,96-ni0 3 12,97- kakSyA vRhatikAyAM syAtkAMcyAM mdhyebhbndhne| hAdInAM prakoSThe ca / medinI0- 113 110,98zarIrAvayavAcca iti yat - aSTA0 413 155,99- ama0 ko0 2 18 142 192 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (sIrasvAmI). 100-ni0 21.101- dIiTImolojIja oNpha yAska, 'peja 144.100-ni0 21. 103 - kalyANyaM hemni maMgale-haimA0 3 202. ni0 1214, 189 2. 104- ama0 ko0-11425 (rAmAzramI TI0). 105 - akartari-aSTA03819.106nvarNo dvijAdizuklAdiyazoguNa kathAsuca stataunA striyAM bhedarUpAsara vilekhne||- meTi04626,107-102n, 108- gau svarge ca valivarde razmauca kulize pumAn ! strI saurmeyiidRgttaannNdigvaagmuussvpsumnic||-(mdinii ko0 211), 109-ni02 12,110-- athApi pazunAmeha bhavatyetasmAdeva - ni0 22.111-ni0214,112 -dI iTImolaujIja oNpha yAska.peja 87, 113 - ni?2114- gomejhai:uNA0 2157. 115 - matsarA masikAyAM syAnmAtsarya krodhayoH pumAn / asadvavyApArasaMphtau kRpaNecAdheiyavat / / - medinI ko0 136 193-194, 116-matsara iti loma nAma- ni02,117 -ni0 22.118-dI iTImaulojIja oNphayAska, 157, 11: - kRmadibhyaH kit-uNa03103. 120-payaH syAt hIranIrayo vizvako0-- 116132,121- sarvadhAtumyo'sun -uNA04pme.m-hIraMdumcejale. -- medi0 ko0-12416,123-ni0 22.124-ghase-kicca-uNA0484, 125-gamahanA--alA138. 126-zAsivasi0-baTA08800, halA- pata, 17-1022. 128-dodeyaraijaenailImenTa apha irainadosaiTImolojIravAina cUta haijanokoresaponDensainacarman-Da dIdI iTInaulobIna opha yAska, peja 5. 129 - uNA0 4145, 130-fo 23. 131 - dI iTImolojIjaoNphayAska.peja66,12-pacAca abhaD3n,134,133 - uNA0 366,134-ni022, 135-bhATerDicca mukA4134,136 -ni0 22. 137 - ahorAtrAdiparva tadvatIyaupananyataH-ni0 dura) 22. 138 ama0 ko01619.19-pRnahi lagA435 140--ni022. 141 -adizadi-uNA04165.142. zRMgaMpramutvaizimbare cihane kriiddaambuyntrke| viSANotkarSayozcAtha zaMgasthat kurcazIrSake strI viSAyAM svarNamInamedayoRSamauSadhau- medinI0 23:25-25,143-zaNAnesvazcauNA01126,144-pAdo budhne turIgaze zaile pratyanta parvate / caraNa ca 193 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ - mayUkhe ca0 | medi0ko 75 19-10, 145 - ni0 2 12, 146 - padarUjavizaspRzo ghaJ - aSTA0 3 13 116, 147 - ni0 2 12, 148 - dI iTImolojIja oNpha yAska, pe0 110, 149 - ama0 ko0 1 19 12, 150 - vavririti rUpa nAma - ni0 212, 151 - ni0 2 13, 152 - dI iTImolojIja oNpha yAska, pe094, 153 - haryateH kanyan hirac - uNA0 5 144, 154 - ni0 2 13, 155 - dI iTImolaujIja oNpha yAska, peja 124, 156 - ama0 ko0 1 2 11 ( rAmAzramI TI0), 157 - ni0 2 13, 158 dI iTImaulaujIja oNpha yAska, peja 53, 159 - ama0 ko0 - 1|10|1 (rAmA0 TI0), 160 - sphAyi0 - uNA0 2 113, 161 - ni0 2 13, 162 - RSTirAyudhavizeSaH tad bahulA senA yasya so'yamRSTiSeNaH / iSitaseno vA preSita senaH / / - ni0 du0 vR0 2 13, 163 - dI iTImolojIja oNpha yAska, pe0 84, 164 - ama0 ko0 2 18 179 ( kSIra svAmI), 165 - kRvRjRSIti - uNA0 3 110, 166 - agAMdagAMtsaMbhavasi hRdayAdadhijAyase / AtmA vai putranAmAsi sa jIva zaradaH zatam / / za0 brA0 14|9|4|26, 167 - ni0 2 13, 168 vahvapi yatpitrA kRtaM pApaM bhavati, tato'yaM trAyati - ni0 du0 vR0 2 13, 169 - ama0 ko0 rAmA0TI0 216127, punnAmno narakAdyasmAttrAyate pitaraM sutaH tasmAt putra iti proktaH svayameva svayaMbhuvA / / (manu0 smR0 - 9138), 170 - aSTA0 3 12 14, 171 - ni0 2 13, 172 - pazyati hyasau sUkSmAnapyarthAn - nio du0 vR0 2 13, 173 - tai0 AO219, 174 - dI iTImaulaujIja oNpha yAska, peja 55, 175 - igupadhAt kit - uNA0 4 1120, 176 - ni0 2 13, 177 - pacAdyac - aSTA0 3|1|134, 178 uttaraM prativAkye syAdUrdhvodIcyottame'nyavat / uttarastu virATasya tanaye dizi cottarA / / - vizva0 ko0 133 199, 179 - nio 2 13, 180 - ni0 2 13, 181 - pacAdyac - aSTA0 3 1 1134, 182 - devApi cArSTiSeNaH zantanuzca kauravyauM bhrAtarau vabhUvatuH - ni0 2 13, 183 mahA0 A0 pa0 97-98, 184 - ni0 du vR0 2 13, 185 - aSTA0 7 14 142, 186 - ni0 2 13, 187 - sUryamAditeyam - ni0 214, 188 - ni0 2 14, 189 - rasazoNita mAMsamedomajjAsthi bhAvena vipariNamamAnam mi0 - - - - du vR0 2 14, 190 - pRSiMraMjibhyAM kit - uNA - 3 | 111 ityatac / , 191 - ni0 2 14, 192 - ni0 214, 193 ghRNipRznIti0 uNA0 4 152, 194 - na vai - - 194 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska -
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________________ amUM lokaM jagmuSe kiMcan akam - kATha0 saM0 36 113, 195 - nAkaH svargAntarikSayoH - vizva0ko 5 135, 196 -aSTA0 6 13 175 kI vRttike lie dra0 si0 kau0, 197- ni02 14,198-ni0 214,199 - ni0 2 14, 200- dI iTamolojIja oNphayAska, peja 38,201 - nabho vyomni vizva0 ko0 177 137. 202 - uNA0 41189, 203 - kiraNa pragrahaurazmI - ama0 ko0 3 13 1138, 204-ni0 2 15, 205-- yAsks nirukta-23, 206 - uNA0 4146, 207 - ni0 2 15, 208- dI iTImaulojIja oNpha yAska, peja 46,209 - Rtvigdacha ka - aSTA0 3 12 159,210 - kASTA dArUharidrAyAM, kAlamAna prakarSayoH / sthAnamAtre dizi ca strI, dAruNi syAnnapuMsakam / / - medi0 ko0 38 12-3, 211 - krAntvAhyatAstaM tamarthaM prati gatvA sthitAH bhavanti -ni0 du vR0 2 15, 212- ni0 2 15, 213- hanikuzi- uNA0 2 12, 214- ama0 ko0 112 12, 215 - kRzR dRkaTi- uNA0 4130, 216 -- aSTA0 2 12 1102, 217 - tamo dhvAnte guNe zoke klIvaM vA nA vidhuntude- medi0- 171 124,218-ni0 2 15, 219 - uNA0 41109, 220 - mantrohIna svarato varNato vA mithyAprayukto na tamarthamAhA / sa vAgavajo yajamAnaM hinasti yathendrazatraH svaratoparAdhAt ||paa0 zi0 52, 221 - meghaitinairuktAH / tvASTro'sura ityaitihAsikatAH - ni0 215,222-ni02 15,223-sa hi upadAsayati upakSayatikRSyAdIni karmANini0 du0 vR0 2 15. 224 - dI iTImolojIja oNpha yAska, peja 57, 225aSTA0 3 13 118,226-ni0 2 15, 227 - Ahanti asau bhogena-ni0 du0 vR0 2 15, 228 - AGi zrihanibhyAM hrasvazca - uNA0 41138, 229 - dI iTImolojIja oNpha yAska, peja 114,230-igupadhajJAprIkiraH kaH- aSTA0 3111135, 231 - megha iti nairuktAH -ni0 2 15, 232- vASTra asuraH iti aitihAsikAH - ni0 2 15, 233 - ni0 2 15, 234 - yadAvRNot antarikSam udakaM vA-ni0 du0vR0, 235 - yadavRNotavRtrasya vRtratvam iti vijnyaayte| yadavartata tad vRtrasya vRtratvam iti vijJAyate / yadavarddhata tad vRtrasya vRtratvam iti vijJAyate / - ni0 2 15, 236 - ni0 2 16, 237 - ni0 2 16, 238 - rAzadibhyAM trip- uNA0 4 167,239-uSaH kicca- uNA0 4 1234, 240 195 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ -- niO 212, 241 - ni0du0 212, 242 - vahizri0 uNA0 4 151,243 - R0 1 1113 12, 244 - ni0 2 16, 245 - aSTA0 3 11 1134, 246 - uNA0 314,247 - ni0 2 16, 248 - aSTAM0 3 13 11 (bAhulakAt ), 249 - ni0 216,250 - prathamastu bhavedAdau pradhAne'pi ca vAcyavat - medi0 ko0 111147,251 - pratheramac - - - uNA0 5 168,252 - ni0 216,253 - ni0 2 16, 254 - zRpRbhyAM kicca - uNA0 4 / 27 kRtRbhyAmISan - uNA0 4 126,255 - kvivvaciM- vA0 3 12 1178, 256 - avisivisizuSibhyaH kit - uNA0 1 / 144, itiman 257 - ni0 2 16, 258 - igupadhAjJAprIkiraH kaH - aSTA0 3 11 1136, 259 - dRsanijani0 uNA0 1 13, 260 - uNA0 2 132, 261 - ni0 2:16, 262 - dI iTImaulojIja oNpha yAska, peja 64, 263 - aSTAM0 4 11 115, 264 - aSTA0 3 11 1134, 265 - narahAmitreSu ca - vA0 prA0 3 1102, 266-- mitrecarSo - aSTA0 6 13 1130, 267 - sarvanighRSva0 uNA0 1 1153, 268 - aSTA0 3 1 | 134, 269 - ni0 2 17, 270 RtaM ziloJche pAnIye pUjite dIptasattyayoH haima ko0 21161, 271 - aSTA0 3 12 1102, 272 - ni0 2 17, 273 - iNzIbhyAM van - uNA0 1 1152, 274 - evaupamye paribhave ISadarthe'vadhAraNe - haima0 ko0 pari0 kA0 55, 275 - ama0 ko0 3 13 161, 276 - artezca tuH uNA0 1172, 277 - ni0 2 17, 278 'dI iTImolojIja oNpha yAska, peja 76,279 - pacAdyac - aSTA0 3 11 1134, 280 - pacAdyac - aSTA0 3 11 1134, 281 - karmaNi ghaJ - aSTA0 3 13 119 282 - prahalAdzcAsmidaityAMnAMkAlaH kalayatAmaham / mRgANAM ca mRgendro'haM vainateyazca pakSiNAm / / gI0 10:30,283 - ni0 2 17, 284 - nio 217, 285 - azipaNAyyoruDAyalukau ca uNA0 4 1133, 286 - pragRhya pANI devAn pUjayanti - ni0 217, 287 mahati hrasvazca - uNA0 1 |37, 288 votoguNavacanAt - aSTA0 4 11 144,289 - ni0217, 290 - dI iMTImolojIja oNpha yAska, peja 44, 291 - umA0 11154, 292 - ni0 2 17, 293 - uNA0 4 112, 294 -utsaMga cihnayoraMka: - ama0 ko0 3 13 14, 295 - halazca - aSTA0 3 13 1121 | - 196 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska - - --
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________________ (ga) niruktake tRtIya adhyAyake nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana niruktakA tRtIya adhyAya mUlarUpameM nirvacanake lie prayukta huA hai| ina nirvacanoMmeM naighaNTuka kANDake zabdoMke darzana hote haiN| jJAtavya hai naighaNTuka kANDa tIna adhyAyoMmeM vibhAjita hai| prathama adhyAyake antargata parimaNita zabdoMke nirvacana niruktake dvitIya adhyAyameM kie gae haiM nighaNTuke prathama adhyAyameM parigaNita kula 414 zabdoMkI vyAkhyA yadyapi nahIM huI hai tathApi niruktake dvitIya adhyAyake sAta pAdoMmeM unake nirvacanakI prakriyA pUrI kara lI gayI hai| nighaNTuke dvitIya adhyAyameM bhI naighaNTuka zabda hI hai| isameM kula bAisa khaNDa haiM jinameM kula zabdoMkI saMkhyA 516 hai / punaH nighaNTuke tRtIya adhyAyameM tIsa khaNDa haiM jisameM zabdoMkI kula saMkhyA 408 hai / isa prakAra nighaNTuke dvitIya evaM tRtIya adhyAyake kula khaNDoMkI saMkhyA 52 tathA zabdoMkI saMkhyA 924 ho jAtI hai| ina zabdoMkI vyAkhyA niruktake tRtIya adhyAyameM huI hai| " 1. niruktake tRtIya adhyAyameM kula cAra pAda haiN| prathama do pAdoMmeM nighaNTuke dvitIya adhyAyake zabdoMke nirvacana hue haiM tathA antima do pAdoMmeM nighaNTuke tRtIya adhyAyake kula 408 zabda vyAkhyAta haiN| yadyapi niruktake tRtIya adhyAyake cAroM pAdoMmeM kramaza: 13, 41, 34 evaM 42 zabdoMkI hI vyAkhyAkI gayI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki nighaNTuke dvitIya evaM tRtIya adhyAyakeM sAre zabdoMkI vyAkhyA nahIM kI gayI hai| nighaNTuke dvitIya evaM tRtIya adhyAyameM parigaNita zabdoMkI kula saMkhyA 924 hai tathA niruktake tRtIya adhyAyake cAroM pAdoM meM nirvacanoMkI kula saMkhyA 129 hai| isa prakAra yAskane nighaNTuke antima do adhyAyoMke mAtra 14 pratizata zabdoMkI hI vivecanA kI hai| nighaNTuke dvitIya evaM tRtIya adhyAyake bahuta se khaNDoMke nAmoMkA mAtra saMketa karake hI yAska Age bar3ha jAte haiN| 130 zabdoMmeM vaise zabda bhI parigaNita haiM jo prasaMgataH prApta haiN| nighaNTu paDhita khaNDoM meM mAtra saMkhyAkA nirdeza kara kahIM to usake eka zabdakA hI nirvacana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kucha khaNDake to eka bhI zabda vivecita nahIM hue haiM kevala usakA saMketa bhara kiyA hai| niruktake tRtIya adhyAyameM nirvacana ke lie prayukta zabdoMkI saMkhyA 129 haiM isameM bhASAvijJAna evaM bhAratIya nirvacana prakriyAkai anusAra nimnalikhita nirvacanoMko upayukta mAnA jA sakatA hai- karma, apatya, araNa, rekNa, zeSa:, gartaH, zmazAna, 197 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zmazru, asura, lobha, jAmiH, niSAdaH, vAhuH, avanaya, abhIzavaH, dyU:, annam, balam , kSipram, saMgrAmaH, ekam , trayaH aSTau, daza, viMzatiH, sahastram, khalaH, ApAna: khaNDa:, AkhaNDala:, taDit, arAtayaH, apnaH, kutsaH, pAkaH, husvaH, mahAn, vavakSiya, vivakSase, gRham , sukham, kham , rUpam , devaraH, yoSA, AtmA, jAraH, bhagaH, meSaH, pazuH, ayam asau , vRSala:, aMgArAH; kAkaH, tittiriH, siMhaH, vyAghraH, medhA, medhAvI, stotA, yajJaH, Rtvika, stena, niNItam, dUram , purANa, navam, dabhram, tiras, nemaH, ardhaH, nakSatrANi, stRbhiH, vamrI, sImikA, upajihikA, Udaram, kRdaram, rambhaH, pinAkam , strI, menA, gnA, zepaH vetasa aura svsti| AMzika dhvanyAtmakatAkI kamI vAle nirvacanoMmeM manuSyaH, paMca, dhanam, antikam , dvau, catvAraH, zatam , AkSANaH, vajraH, satyam , taskaraH vidhavA, svasA, priyamedha, zabda parigaNita haiN| bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se okaH, arvA, aMgulI, inaH sampUrNa: maryaH, praskaNvaH virUpa : mahivrataH, kUpaH, apitve, abhike, arbhakam , sata: Adi zabdoM ke nirvacana apUrNa evaM pUrNa saMgata nahIM haiN| arthAtmaka apUrNatA vAle nirvacanoMmeM viyAta zabda draSTavya hai| zmazAna, aMgulI tathA devara zabdake nirvacana vyAvahArika evaM sAMskRtika AdhAra para Azrita haiN| aitihAsika AdhAra para Azrita nirvacanoMmeM manuSya :, bhRgu, aMgirA vaikhAnasaH, bhAradvAjaH, Adi zabda Ate haiN| yAskake samaya nava (9) saMkhyA azubha mAnI jAtI hogii| ataH na vananIyA : na sevanIyA kaha kara yAskane navakA nirvacana prastuta kiyA hai| sAdRzyake AdhAra para Azrita nirvacana khala, khalihAna tathA saMgrAma haiN| isI prakAra raMga sAdRzya evaM gati sAdRzyake AdhAra para kapaMjila zabdakA nirvacana AdhArita hai| AkRtiko AdhAra mAnakara kham, tittiri evaM kapiMjala zabda yAska dvArA vivecita haiN| taskara, tittiriH evaM zvA zabdake nirvacanoMmeM karmako, pazu evaM siMha zabdake nirvacanoMmeM AkhyAtako kAka zabdake nirvacanameM zabdAnukRtiko, RkSA zabdake nirvacana meM dRzyAtmaka AdhAra ko tathA strI zabdake nirvacanameM yAskane guNako AdhAra mAnA hai| yAskake nirvacanoMke parizIlanase patA calatA hai ki kisI zabdake nirvacanameM vividha arthokI upasthitike calate eka se adhika nirvacana bhI kie gaye haiN| eka se adhika nirvacanoMmeM kucha to yAskake samakAlika yA pUrvaktI niruktakAroM ke nirvacana haiMyA brAhmaNAdi granthoMmeM prAptanirvacana haiN|yaask kRta ekazabdake anekanirvacanoMmeM sabhI 198 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise saMgata nahIM haiM yahI kAraNa hai ki bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise inake sabhI nirvacanoMko pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| niruktake tRtIya adhyAyake nirvacanoMkA pRthak parizIlana draSTavya hai : (1) karma :- karma kA artha hotA hai kaam| niruktake anusAra-kriyata iti sata: arthAt yaha kiyA jAtA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra karma zabdameM kRJ karaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra sarvathA saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise yaha upayukta hai evaM bhASA vaijJAnika niyamoMke anukUla hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kRJ karaNe dhAtuse manin pratyaya kara karman karma zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (2) apatyam :- isakA artha santAna hotA hai| niruktameM isake do nirvacana prApta hote haiN|- (1) apatataM bhavati' arthAt jo nIce phailI hotI hai| isake anusAra isameM apatata kA yoga hai| apa kA artha hotA hai nIce kI ora tathA tata kA phailnaa| isa AdhAra para apatyakA antima khaNDa tya tata kA vAcaka hai| pitA evaM mAtAse Akara alaga vistRta hotA hai| usake bhI vaMza calate haiN| (2) nAnena patatIti vA arthAt isase pitara narakameM nahIM jaate| isake anusAra isameM na-apad gatau dhAtukA yoga hai apatya apty| puruSake nahIM giranekA tAtparya dhArmika dRSTikoNa para AdhArita hai| putrake hone se vyaktiko punnAmaka narakameM girane kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa|| yaha nirvacana prasiddha, saMgata evaM prAcIna kAlase hI pracalita hai| laukika saMskRtameM bhI yaha isI arthameM pracalita hai| ise avidyamAnaM patanaM yena tadapatyama aisA bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise bhI yaha nirvacana sarvathA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra patlu gatau dhAtu se ya:5 pratyaya kara a+pat+ya: = apatya : zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (3) araNa :- isakA artha hotA hai jo pitAke RNa kA bhAgI na ho, putra vishess| niruktake anusAra-araNa: apA) bhavati arthAt araNa apArNa hotA hai| apArNa kA artha hotA hai- apagata Rnn| araNa kA artha upajalodaka sambandha yA para kalaja bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| tarpaNa.Adi kA adhikAra aise putrako nahIM rhtaa| araNa zabdameM a+RNa zabda khaNDa haiN| a apagata kA vAcaka naJ artha vAnA hai tathA RNa pitR RNa Adi kA vAcaka hai| laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga prAya: nahIM prApta hotaa| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| (4) rekNa : rekNa zabda dhanakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - ricyateprayata: 199 vyutpatti vijJAna aura bhAgAra yAska
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________________ isa zabdameM rica viyojane dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki marane para dhana yahIM raha jAtA hai| mRtyuke bAda byaktise dhanakA viyoga ho jAtA hai| ric + nas-ric +Nas =reknnH| yaha nirdakana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta haiN| laukika saMskRtama isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM prApta hotaa| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMmata mAnA jaaegaa| (5) :-yaha apatyakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAszeSa ityapatya nAma ziSyate prayata: isake anusAra zeSa zabda ziSa vizeSaNe dhAtu kA yoga hai kyoMki mRtyu ke bAda yahI zeSa rahatA hai| shikshessH| yaha dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se mukta hai| laukika saMskRta meM isakA prayoga prApta hai| mAvA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMmata mAnA jaaegaa| - (1) oka :- isakA artha hotA hai nivAsa sthAnA yAska isakA nirvacana na kara mAtra isake artha kA pradarzana karate haiM oka iti nivAsa nAmocyate vyAkaraNake anusakara ise (kca) uc + asuna kutva se banAyA jA sakatA hai| (7) duhina :- isakA artha hotA hai ldd'kii| niruktI isake lie kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM- (1) duhitA durhitA' isake anusAra duhitA zabdamai duHevaM ghA dhAtukA koma hai kyoMki dhAraNa karanemeM yaha ahitakAraka hotI hai du: +dhA hitAmA durhitA duhitaa| (2) dUre hitA arthAt pitA se dUra rahanemeM hI vaha hitakAraka hotI hai| isake anusAra isameM dUra dhA dhAtu kA yoga hai| du dUra kA vAcaka hai| (3) doghe arthAt vaha apane pitR kulase dhana sadA dUhatI rahatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdarbha duha prapUraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isake anusAra yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAraMbhika kAlamai pazuoM ke dohana karma meM lar3akiyAM niyukta huA karatI thii| yAska ke uparyukta nirvacanoMkI arthAtmaka puSTi aitareya brAhmaNake prasiddha TIkAkAra AcArya sAyaNa ne bhI kI hai| yaha nirvacana dhAtuja siddhAnta para AdhAsti haiN| mAyA vijJAnake anusAra mAskakA antima nirvacana sarvathA saMmata hai| duhitR zabdadhvanyAtmaka antara ke sAtha mAropIya paribarakI anya bhASAoMmeM bhI prApta hotA hai- saMskRta-duhita avestA Dadee (dudhakara) pA.dukhkhara,grIka-Thugather (ghumata) jarman-Tother (TAkTara) aMgrejI-D her (DAuTara) mothika -Dancer DA'nTaralithumAniyana D"- (dakkara) slaibonika Dai (dastI) vyAkaraNake anusAra ise duha prapUraNe+ mRca pratyaya kara duhita-duhitA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 200 : byutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAraka
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________________ (8) garta :- isakA artha sabhAsthANu yA sabhAmaMca hotA hai| yAskane kaI arthoM meM isakA nirvacana prastuta kiyA hai- gartaH sabhAsthANuH satyasaMgaro bhavati' arthAt garta kA artha samAmaMca hotA hai jAM Ane para satya bolanA par3atA hai| isake anusAra garta zabda meM gR nigaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana dAkSiNAtyoMkI saMskRti para AdhArita hai| dakSiNa dezoMmeM AzrayahIna striyoMko rAjAkI orase vittIya sahAyatA prApta hotI thI isake lie usa strIko sabhAmaMca para car3ha kara satya bolanA par3atA thA ki vaha AzrayahIna hai yA vaha putra evaM patise rahita hai| usa garta para hI use vANiyoM se tarka kie jAte the tathA antameM vahadhana pA letI thii| gartakA artha zmazAna bhUmi bhI hotA hai- smazAnasaMcayo'pi garta ucyte| gurate:! apagU) bhavati isake anusAra marta zabda gurI udyamane dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki zmazAna loka vinAzake lie satata udyata rahatA hai| garta kA artha stha bhI hotA hai-syo'pigarta ucyate gnnaate:| stuta tamaM yAnam arthAt garta zabda stutyarthaka gR dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki ratha yAna hotA hai| mRti gt| vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta kisI zabdakI sArthakatA pramANita karaneke lie yAska kaI dhAtuoMse nirvacana prastuta karate haiN| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| mASA vijJAnake anusAra gR dhAtuse garta zabda mAnanA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra gR +tan pratyaya kara garne zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|4|| (9) zmazAnam :- iska artha hotA hai vaha sthAna jahAM zarIrakA antima saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| ise pitRbhUmi bhI kahA jAtA hai| niruktake anusAra zmazAna zmazayanam zma kA artha zarIra hotA hai usakA zayana arthAt jahAM para zarIroM kA zayana ho use zmazAna kahate haiN| isameM do padakhaNDa haiM. prathama zma= zarIra, dvitIya shaanm| zAnam zayana kA vAcaka hai isa nirvacanakA AdhAra sAMskRtika evaM vyAvahArika hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zada zabdakA zma Adeza kara tathA zayana zabdakA zAna Adezakara ima+zAna-mazAna banAyA jA sakatA hai| zmazAna zabdake uparyukta nirvacanase spaSTa hotA hai ki yAskake samaya zavako zmazAna bhUmimeM gAr3A bhI jAtA thaa| zmazAnakA vAcaka garta zabda mI apUgU) bhavati isa nirvacanase gaddAkA hI vAcaka spaSTa hotA hai| jisameM zava kA zayana karAyA jAtA hogaa| (10) zmazruH- isakA artha loma yA vAla hotA hai lekina yaha mUMcha ke artha meM 201 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ rUr3ha hai| nirukta ke anusAra-zmani zritaM bhavati1 arthAt yaha zarIra para Azrita hotA hai| isa nirvacana ke anusAra isameM zma + zri sevAyAM dhAtu kA yoga hai| zma zarIrakA vAcaka hai tathA zru zriJ sevAyAM dhAtukA vaack| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yaha nirvacana yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| DA. varmAkA kahanA hai ki zri dhAtu sthita i kA u meM parivartana bhASA vaijJAnika AdhAra para upayukta pratIta nahIM hotaa|14 Aja kala zmazrukA prayoga kevala mUMcha ke lie hotA hai| yaha rUr3hayarthaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zma +zriyaM sevAyAM dhAtu se D:15 pratyaya kara zmazru zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| zmazru zabdake artha meM Aja arthasaMkoca ho gayA hai| (11) loma :- isakA artha roma hotA hai| nirukta ke anusAra lanAte arthAt isakA chedana kiyA jAtA hai| isake anusAra loma zabda laJ chedana se niSpanna hotA hai| (2) lIyatervA arthAt yaha zarIra para lagA rahatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM lIGa AzleSe dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa uparyukta nhiiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra prathama nirvacana hI upayukta hai| loma zabdake uparyukta nirvacanase spaSTa hotA hai ki yAskake samayameM loga keza kaTavAte the| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra luJ chedane dhAtu se manin16 pratyaya kara loman loma banAyA jA sakatA hai| (12) jAmi :- isakA artha kanyA hotA hai| niruktake anusAra (1) jAmiranye'syAM janayanti' arthAt isameM dUsare vyakti santAna paidA karate haiN| isake anusAra jAmiH zabda meM jan dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) jamatervA syAdgati karmaNaH nirgamana prAyA bhavati' arthAt yaha zabda gatyarthaka jam dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha prAya: nikalane vAlI yA pitR kulase apane patikulameM jAne vAlI hotI hai| yAskakA dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| prathama nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| DA. varmA ise avikasita bhASA vijJAnakA pariNAma mAnate haiN|17 vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha jai kSaye+mi:18 pratyaya yA jamu adane + iN pratyaya yA i19 pratyaya karane para banatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM jAmi zabda vahana tathA kulastrIke arthameM prayukta hotA hai|20 vaidika jAmi zabdakA laukika saMskRtameM arthAntara kI upalabdhi hotI hai| (13) manuSya : manuSya mAnavakA vAcaka hai| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiN| (1) matvA karmANi sIvyati21 arthAt vaha soMca samajha kara kAma 202 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ karatA hai| isake AdhAra para manuSya zabda meM man evaM siMv dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) manasyamAnena sRSTA:21 arthAt vaha socasamajhakara kAma karatA hai| isake adhAra para manuSyaya zabdameM manu evaM sit dhAtu kA yoga hai| (3) manasyatiH punarmanasvI bhAve21 arthAt yaha prahRSTa mana kA hotA hai| isake anusAra manuSya zabda meM man dhAtukA yoga hai| (4) manorapatyaM manuSo vA21 arthAt manukA apatya mAnava khlaayaa| dvitIya evaM antima nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra para AdhArita hai| arthAtmaka dRSTise sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| man dhAttuse isakA nirvacana mAnanA saMgata hogaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra manu yat-sukca22 manuSya banAyAjA sakatA hai| (14) asura :- isakA artha hotA hai-raaksss| niruktake anusAra (1) asuratA: sthAneSu vAra arthAt kisI bhI sthAna para acchI taraha nahIM tthhrte| isake anusAra isameM a+su + ram dhAtukA yoga hai| a naJartha hai .23 su suSTu kA vAcaka hai tathA ram dhAtukA avaziSTha ra hai| (2) astAH sthAnebhyaH itidA21 arthAt ve sthAnoMse cyuta haiN| devatAoM ke dvArA girAye gaye haiN| isake anusAra isameM as kSepaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) sthAneSu astA:21 isake anusAra bhI isameM as dhAtakA yoga hai| isakA artha dvitIya nirvacana ke tulya hai| (4) aSi kA asuiti-prANanAma astaH zarIre bhavati tena tadvantaH arthAt asu prANa vAyukA nAma hai kyoMki vaha zarIrameM rahatA hai| isase vaha yukta hai isalie asura khlaayaa| zArIrika balakI utkRSTatAke kAraNa asura khlaayaa| devatAoM evaM asuroMke yuddhameM asuroMkA parama sadA varNita hai| asu+ra (tadvAn artha meM ra pratyayo asur| uparyukta nirvacana rAkSa ke arthameM prApta hote haiN| asu kutsita sthAnakA vAcaka hai| kutsita sthAna se asuroM ko banAyAasorasurAnasRjatA isakI puSTi brAhmaNa neyoMse bhI ho jAtI hai| yaha aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| __asura zabda prAcIna RcAoMmeM devatAkA vAcaka prApta hotA hai|25 yAske ne bhI isa artha meM isakI vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai- (1) asuratvam prajJAvattvaM vAnnavatvam6 vA arthAt asura prajJAvAna ko kahate haiM yA prANavAna ko kahate haiN| asu ke do artha hai- prajJA evaM prANa (2) Ape vADasuriti prajJA nAma, astmanAn astAzcAsyAmarthA :26 asu prajJA kA nAma hai kyoMki vaha anarthoM ko dUra karatI hai yA isameM sabhI padArtha upasthita ho jAte haiM ataH asu + matvarthIya ra = asuraH banAyA gyaa| (3)- vasuratvamAdiluptam6 arthAt vasuratva ke Adi akSara va kA lopa hokara vasuratva - asuratva ho gayA hai| isakA artha 203 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hogA dhnvttaa| devatA artha meM asurake nirvacanase tIna artha spaSTa hote haiM- prajJAvattA, prANavatA evaM vsumttaa| ina nirvacanoMmeM asu + ra kA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| rAkSasake arthameM asura zabdake nirvacanoMmeM a + su + ram, as-dhAtu evaM asu+ ra kA yoga pAyA jAtA hai| a+ su + ram = asura:, as- asuraH tathA asu + raH asuraH / isa sabhI nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| as dhAtuse a asu + raH = asuraH dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise bhI upayukta hai| asura zabda surakA ulaTA nahIM hai28 jo uparyukta nirvacanoMse spaSTa ho jAtA hai| (vedakI prAcIna RcAoMmeM) prAraMbhika avasthAmeM asura zabda devatAke artha meM prayukta thA tathA isake acche artha mAnya the kAlAntara meM (vAda kI RcAoM meM) isake arthoMmeM bhI apakarSa huA tathA vikRta artha hokara yaha sura virodhI rAkSasoM kA vAcaka bana gayA / avestAmeM bhI asura zabda zreSThakA hI vAcaka hai| 29 Aja kala asura zabdakA prayoga usake vikRta arthameM hI hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra as dhAtuse uran pratyayakara asuraH zabda banAyAjA sktaahai| (15) Urka :- yaha anna kA vAcaka hai / nirukta ke anusAra (1) Urgityanna naam| UrjayatItisata:31 arthAt yaha zabda Urj valaprANayoH dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha bala evaM prANako dene vAlA hai / 32 (2) pakvaM vA31 arthAt pakva zabdase Urka huA hai| pakA huA anna bhI bala evaM prANako dene vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM pac dhAtukA yoga hai / pakva zabdake pa kA lopa, avaziSTa kva kA varNa viparyaya va ka, va kA u samprasAraNake dvArA tathA ruk kA Agama hokara pakvakva-vak, U k, U k-ruk = uuN| (3) supravRkNam itivA21 arthAt yaha anna AsAnIse kATA jAtA hai isake anusAra isa zabda meM vrazc, dhAtu kA yoga hai| brazc ke ra evaM saMyogAdikA lopa va kAM u tathA ruk kA Agama kara evaM kutva karane para Urka zabda siddha hotA hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTi se upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| dvitIya evaM tRtIya nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra Urj bala prANayoH + ac 33 kara Urja: Urka banAyA jA sakatA hai| (16) niSAdaH - isakA artha hotA hai varNa vizeSa / varNa vyavasthAke anusAra cAra varNoMke atirikta paMcamavarNa niSAda kahalAtA thaa| ye pAMcoM varNa eka sAtha paMcajana 204 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kahalAte the / 34 niruktake anusAra ( 1 ) niSAdaH nizadano bhavati 35 arthAt vaha prANiyoMko mArane vAlA hotA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabda meM ni + Sad kA yoga hai| (2) niSannamasmiSpApakamitinairuktA: 35 nirukta sampradAyake anusAra isameM pApakarma baiThA rahatA hai isalie niSAda khlaayaa| isake AdhAra para niSAda zabdameM ni : sad vizaraNagatyavasAdaneSu dhAtukA yoga hai| ina nirvacanoM se niSAda varNake tatkAlIna nindya karmakA patA calatA hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase donoM nirvacana upayukta haiM yAskake samayameM arthAtmaka aucitya bhI saMbhAvita hai| phalata: ise bhASAM vijJAnake anusAra upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ni + SadlR nizaraNAdau dhAtuse ghaJ 36 pratyaya kara niSAda zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM niSAda zabda saMgIta zAstrakA svara vizeSa, dhIvara jAtivezeSa, cANDAla Adi arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| (17) paMca :- yaha pAMca saMkhyAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra paMca pRktA saMkhyA arthAt paMca pRkta (milI huI) saMkhyA hai| paMca meM eka se lekara pAMca taka kI saMkhyAyeM milI hotI haiN| isake anusAra paMca zabdameM pRcI samparke dhAtukA yoga hai| strI puMnapuMsakeSu aviziSTA arthAt yaha strIliMga puliMga evaM napuMsaka meM eka samAna rahatA hai| liMga ke anusAra isakA rUpa parivartana nahIM hotA / arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| pRc se paMca meM svaragata audAsinya hai| kiMcit dhvani parivartanake sAtha bhAropIya bhASAoMmeM ise dekhA jA sakatA hai-saM: paMcan- abe paMcana, grIka Penta aMgre. Five. (18) bAhu :- isakA artha hotA hai-bhujA / niruktake anusAra-pravAdhata AbhyAM karmANi35 arthAt inase kArya sampanna hote haiN| isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM vAdhR viloDane dhAtukA yoga hai| dhAtu sthita dha kA ha meM parivartana ho gayA hai| yaha parivartana dhAtuja niyamAnukUla hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| mahAprANa dhvaniyoMkA ha meM parirvatana bhAratIya anya bhASAoM meM bhI prApta hai / 37 vyAkaraNa ke anusAra vAdhR + u: 38 pratyaya kara bAhu: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| yA vAha prayatne dhAtu se ac39 pratyaya kara ise banAyA jA sakatA hai| (19) aMgulaya :- yaha aMguli ke bahubacanakA rUpa hai| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hoteM haiM- (1) agragAminyo bhavantItivA arthAt kisI bhI kArya sampAdanameM yaha Age jAne vAlI hotI hai| isake anusAra isameM agra + gam dhAtu kA yoga hai| (2) agragAlinyo bhavantIti vA arthAt yaha agrabhAgameM pAnI girAne vAlI hotI hai| isake 205: vyutpati vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anusAra isameM agra + gal dhAtu kA yoga hai| (3) agrakAriNyo bhavantItivA arthAt sarvaprathama yaha kArya karane vAlI hotI hai yA agrakAriNI hotI hai| isake anusAra isameM agra + kR dhAtu kA yoga hai| (4) agra sAriNyo bhavantItivA arthAt yaha agrasAriNI hotI hai, pratyeka karmameM Age Ane vAlI hotI hai| isake anusAra isameM agra + sR dhAtu kA yoga hai| (5) aMkanA bhavantIti vA arthAt yaha aMkana karane vAlI hotI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM aMka lakSaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| (6) aMcanA bhavantItivA arthAt yaha pUjana karane vAlI hotI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM aMc gati pUjanayoH dhAtukA yoga hai| (7) api vAbhyaMcanAdevasyu : 35 arthAt pratyeka kAryoM ke prati abhimukhahokara jAtI hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra isameM aMc gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| yAska aMguli zabdake nirvacanameM aneka mArga apanAte haiN| isakA kAraNa vibhinna arthoM kA bodha karAnA hai| yAskake nirvacanase hAtha dvArA sampAdita vividha kArya spaSTa ho jAte haiM dvitIya nirvacanake anusAra hAtha dvArA sampAdita ardhya yA tarpaNa dyotita hotA hai jisameM aMguliyoMke agrabhAgase jala girAyA jAtA hai| yaha sAMskRtika AdhAra rakhatA hai| paMcama nirvacanake anusAra isase lekhana kAryakA saMketa prApta hotA hai| SaSTha nirvacanake anusAra aMgulise pUjana kAryakA dyotana hotA hai| zeSa nirvacana vividha kArya sampAdana arthako abhivyakta karate haiN| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| ye nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta nahIM hai| pUrNa rUpameM dhAtuoMkA saMketa bhI inameM nahIM prApta hotA hai| ise aMgayo : pANayoH lIyante tiSThantIti aMgulayaH banAyA jA sakatA hai yA agi lakSaNe dhAtu se mAnA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra agi gatau dhAtuse uli : 4deg pratyaya kara aMguliH zabda banAyA -jA sakatA hai| (20) avanaya :- avani aMguli kA vAcaka hai| avanikA hI bahubacana rUpa avanayaH hotA hai| niruktake anusAra avanti karmANi 35 arthAt yaha karmoMkI rakSA karatI hai| isake anusAra avani zabda meM aM rakSaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM avaniH kA artha pRthvI hotA hai| pRthvI vAcaka avanimeM bhI av dhAtukA hI yoga mAnA jaaegaa| kAlAntara meM avani zabdameM artha parivartana ho gayA hai| yaha laukika saMskRtake pRthvI vAcaka avani zabda se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra av + ani pratyaya (ava prINane kartari ani) kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yAskakA nirvacana saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| 206 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (21) abhIzava :- yaha aMgulikA vAcaka hai| amIzuH kA bahubacana rUpa abhIzavaH hai| nirukta ke anusAra-abhyaznuvate karmANi35 yaha sabhI kAryoMmeM vyApta rahatI hai| isake anusAra isameM abhi + az vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM aMrthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiN| laukika saMskRtameM isake kiraNa Adi artha prApta hote haiN| aMgulike arthameM isakA prayoga prAya: mahIM dekhA jaataa| isa AdhAra para kAlAntarameM isa zabdameM arthAdeza pratIta hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAraabhi+iS+ku pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha saMgata hai| (22) dhU :- isakA artha aMguli hotA hai| niruktake anusAra dhUrvatervadhakarmaNa:35 arthAt yaha zabda vadhArthaka dhut dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki ina aMguliyoMse hiMsA bhI hotI hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| dhUH gAr3I ke jue (jotane kA DaNDA) kA bhI nAma hai| jue kA vAcaka dhUH zabda bhI isI : dhAtuse niSpanna mAnA jaaegaa|41 dhArayatervA35 arthAt yaha gAr3I.khIMcane vAle jAnArako dhAraNa karatA hai| isake anusAra isameM dhR dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaaegaa| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase bhI yaha nirvacana upayukta haiN| yAska vibhinna arthoke prakAzanameM hI kaI tuko kalpanA karate haiN| isa zabdameM artha parivartana mAnA jaaegaa| kyoMki aMgulike meM prayukta yaha zabda gAr3Ike juekA vAcaka bana gyaa| laukika saMskRtameM dhUH kA prayoga aMguli ke arthameM prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| dhR dhAtu se dhU: mAnanemeM dhvanyAtmaka saMgati upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise dhurva / kvipa42 pratyaya kara banA jA sakatA hai| .. (23) annam :- isakA artha hotA hai anAja jo khAyA jAya (khAdya pdaarth)| nirukta ke anusAra (1) AnatuM bhUtebhya:35 arthAt vaha prANiyoM ke prati nata rahatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM Ara nam dhAtu kA yoga hai| (2) attervA35 arthAt khAyA jAne ke kAraNa isakA nAma anna pdd'aa| isake anusAra isameM ad bhakSaNaM dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| ata: bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise hI saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| ad bhakSaNe dhAtu kA hI bhAropIya parivArakI aMgrejI bhASA meM khAnA artha meM prApta hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra adbhakSaNe dhAtu se kta53 pratyaya kara ise banAyA jA sakatA hai| isakA dhAtu pratyayArtha hogA jo khAyA gayA ho|44 adyate iti annam yAska ke anusAra mAnA jA sakatA hai|45 207: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcAyaM yAska
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________________ (24) balam :- isakA artha tAkata yA zakti hotA hai| niruktake anusAra balaM bharaM bhavati vibharte:35 arthAt yaha bharaNa evaM poSaNa karatA hai| isake anusAra isameM DubhaJdhAraNa poSaNayo: dhAtu kA yoga haiN| bhR dhAtuse bhara tathA bhara kA hI bala mAnA gyaa| bha kA ba meM parivartana alpa prANIkaraNa tathA ra evaM la kA ameda hokara bharam-balam ho gyaa| yaha nirvacana dhAtuja siddhAntase sIdhA sambaddha hai|6 bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra bal + ka pratyaya kara balam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (25) dhanam :- dhana artha kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- dhInotItisataH arthAt yaha tRpta karatA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra yaha zabda tRptyarthaka ghivi dhAtu ke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| yaha nirvacana arthAtmaka AdhAra para AdhArita hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| dhA dhAtu se na pratyaya kara dhanam zabda banAnA bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se upayukta hogaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra dhan dhAnye dhAtu se ac47 pratyaya kara dhanam banAyA jA sakatA hai| (26) kSipram :- yaha zIgha kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra . saMkSipto vikarSa :35 arthAt vikSipta kArya saMkSipta ho jAtA hai| kArya zIgha sampAdita ho jAte haiN| isa nirvacana ke anusAra kSipra zabdameM kSip dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise sarvathA saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra kSip preraNe dhAtu se rak8 pratyaya kara kSipra zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (27) antikam :- isakA artha hotA hai nikaTa, njdiik| nirukta ke anusAra AnItaM bhavati arthAt yaha dUra se nikaTa lAyA hotA hai| isake anusAra antika zabda meM AnI dhAtakA yoga hai| arthAtmaka mahatva se yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra isakA upayukta nahIM hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha taddhitAnta zabda hai| antika zabdako antaThana49 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| anta + Thana = antika (Tha kA ik)| (28) saMgrAmaH-isakA artha hotA hai yuddh| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote hai-(1) saMgamanadvA35 arthAt (yuddha ke lie) ekatra hote haiN| isake anusAra saMgrAma zabda meM sam +gam dhAtukA yoga hai|(2)sNgrnndvaa arthAt(yuddha meM) paraspara dhvani karate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM samagR zabde dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) saMgatau grAmAvitivA5 arthAt do samUha yuddha ke lie ekatra hote haiN|iske anusAra saMgrAma zabdameM sam+grAm 208 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhAtukA yoga hai| uparyukta nirvacanoMmeM saMgrAmake svarUpa para prakAza par3atA hai| yuddhake lie do dala ekatra hote the tathA donoM paraspara meM kAphI hallA macAte the| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise dvitIya nirvacana upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sam + grAma + Nic +ghaJ pratyaya kara saMgrAma zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|50 (29) ekam :- yaha saMkhyA vAcaka zabda hai| yaha prathama aMka (pahalA) kA vAcaka hai| niruktameM isake nirvacanameM-eka itA saMkhyA35 arthAt eka saMkhyA dUsarI saMkhyA taka pahuMcI rahatI hai| itA saMkhyAkA artha hai gayI huI sNkhyaa| isake anusAra eka zabda meM iN gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka etaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhAropIya parivArakI anya bhASAoMmeM bhI kiMcit dhvanyantarake sAtha yaha zabda isI arthameM prApta hotA hai| saMskRta- ekam avestA-aeva, grIka-eis, laiTinaumus , aMgrejI* one vyAkaraNa ke anusAra iN gatau dhAtuse kan51 pratyaya kara ekam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnakA anusAra isa saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (30) dvau :- yaha do saMkhyAkA vAcaka hai| isakA prayoga nitya dvivacanameM hI hotA hai| niruktake anusAra dvau drutatarA saMkhyA arthAt yaha eka saMkhyAkI apekSA drutatara hotI hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM tru gatI dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanameM AMzika dhvanyAtmakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise vR dhAtuse niSpanna mAnanA jyAdA saMgata hai| gatyarthaka honeke kAraNa isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhAropIya parivArakI anya bhASAoMmeM bhI kiMcit dhvanyantarake sAtha yaha upalabdha hotA hai- saMskRta dvi, ave. dva, grIka-due, laiTina- duo , aMgrejI- two. (31) traya : yaha tIna saMkhyAkA vAcaka hai| yaha nitya bahuvacanAnta hai| niruktake anusAra trayastIrNatamA saMkhyA5 arthAt yaha do kI apekSA adhika tarane vAlI saMkhyA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM tR taraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha saMgata hai| bhAropIya parivArakI anya bhASAoMmeM kiMcit dhvanyantara ke sAtha yaha zabda upalabdha hotA hai-saMskRta-tri, ave.-thigrIka Truis, laiTina-Tres, aMgrejI- Three. vyAkaraNa ke anusAra tri-jas kara trayaH banAyA jA sakatA hai| (32) catvAraH-yaha saMkhyA vAcaka zabda hai| isakA artha hotA hai-caar| niruktake 209. vyutpatnei vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anusAra isa zabdameM cal kampane, car gatau yA cal vilasane dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| dhvatyAtmaka AdhAra isakA pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| bhAropIya parivArakI anya bhASAoMmeM ise kiMcit dhvanyantarake sAtha dekhA jA sakatA hai- saMskRta catura ave-cathu, grIka- Tettares, laiTina- Quattuor , aMgrejI-Four. (33) aSTau :- yaha saMkhyA vAcaka zabda hai| isakA artha hotA hai-aatth| niruktake anusAra- aSTAvaznote:35 arthAt yaha saMkhyAoMmeM vyApta rahatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM azu vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha upayukta hai| bhAropIya parivArakI anya bhASAoMmeM bhI kiMcit dhvanyantarake sAtha ise dekhA jAtA hai- saMskRta-aSTan, ave. aztan , grIka-Okto, laiTina- Octo, aMgrejIEight. vyAkaraNake anusAra ise as + tana= aSTan banAyA jA sakatA hai| (34) nava :- yaha nau saMkhyA kA vAdhaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) nava na vananIyAH arthAt yaha sevana ke yogya nahIM hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM na + van dhAtukA yoga hai- na+van- nvn| (2) na avAptA vA35 arthAt vaha dasa saMkhyA taka prApta nahIM hai| isake anusAra nava zabda meM na + Apa dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana se spaSTa hotA hai ki yAskake samaya nava saMkhyA azubhakA dyotaka thii| dvitIya nirvacana kA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai lekina yaha dhvanyAtmaka mahattvase pUrNa nahIM hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| bhAropIya parivArakI anya bhASAoMmeM bhI kiMcit dhvanyantarake sAtha yaha zabda prApta hotA hai-saMskRta-navan, avestA- navan, grIka Enuea, laiTina- Noven, aMgrejI-Nine .. (35) daza :- yaha daza saMkhyAkAM. vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra isake do nirvacana prApta hote haiM: (1) daza dastA arthAt yaha kSINa hotI hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM dasu upakSaye dhAta kA. yoga hai| (2) dRSTArthA vA35 isakA prayojana agalI saMkhyA meM dekhA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isameM daz dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se upayukta hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki agalI saMkhyA kI apekSA yaha kSINa saMkhyA hai, to isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra bhI saMgata hai| dvitIya nirvacana mAtra arthAtmaka mahatva rakhatA hai| prathama nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se upayukta hai| yaha Adhunika bhASA vaijJAnikoM dvArA bhI samAdRta hai| bhAropIya parivAra kI anya bhASAoM meM bhI ise dekhA jA sakatA hai- saMskRta- dazan , avestA- dasan , grIka-Deka, laiTina-Decem, 210 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ aMgrejI-Ten . vyAkaraNake anusAra ise das + an dazan banAyA jA sakatA hai| (36) viMzati :- yaha zabda bIsa saMkhyAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAraviMzati dvirdazata: 35 arthAt do dazase viMzati zabda bnaa| isake anusAra isa zabda meM dviH + dazat kA yoga hai| dvi kA avaziSTa vi prApta hai isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhAropIya parivArakI hI aMgrejI bhASAmeM isake lie prApta Twenty zabda meM Two- Ten kI dhvani vidita hotI hai| jo yAskIya AdhArase sambalita hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha saMgata hai| (37) zatam :- . . yaha sau saMkhyAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - zataM dazadazata:35 arthAt daMzakI daza vAra AvRtti karanese zatam zabda banatA hai| (10x 10 - 100) dazakI daza saMkhyAyoMkA yoga sau hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| yaha nirvacana pUrNa spaSTa nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise zo + Datac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| zatam zabda bhAroSIya parivArakI anya bhASAoM meM bhI kiMcit dhvanyantarake sAtha upalabdha hai| kentum parivAra kI bhASAoM meM za ke sthAna para ka dhvani prApta hotI hai- za dhvani zatam parivAra kI hai- zatam vargameM-saMskRta-zatam, 'ave.-satam, phArasI sad hindIsau rUsI-sto, valgeriyana-sjimnAsa / kentum varga meM zatam- laiTina- kentuma, grIkahekTona, iTeliyana-kento, phrenca - kenta, brITana - kenTa, golika- kyuDa, tokhArI - kndh| (38) sahasram :: yaha saMkhyA vAcaka hai| isakA artha hotA hai eka hajAra / niruktake anusAra-sahasvat 35 arthAt valayukta sNkhyaa| isa zabdameM sahas + ram do pada vibhAga hai| ram vat keM samAna pratyaya mAlUma par3ate hai| bhASAvijJAnake anusAra yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra sa + s + ra pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (39) arbuda :- yaha saMkhyA vAcaka karor3ake artha ko prakaTa karatA hai tathA yaha meghakA bhI vAcaka bhI hai| niruktameM megha evaM karor3a donoM arthoM meM isake nirvacana prApta hote hai-arbuda : megho bhavati-araNam ambu taddaH arthAt gamanazIla jalako dene vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra isameM RR matau kA ar + u arbu+dA-da-arbudaH / saMkhyA ke arthameM arbuda zabda ambumadbhAtItivA athAt vaha bAdala ke samAna suzobhita hotI hai| isake anusAra ambumad arbuda mAnA gayA hai| ambumad bhavatItivA'5 arthAt vaha bAdala ke 200 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ tulya hotI hai| karor3a kA vAcaka arbuda zabda meghavAcaka arbudake sAdRzya para hI mAnA gayA hai| varSAke samaya bAdala bahuta vRhat hotA hai usI prakAra arbuda (karor3a) saMkhyA bar3I hotI hai / 52 yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai / 53 ina nirvacanoMkA arthagata sAmya kalpanA para AdhArita hai| koSa granthoMmeM arbuda dasa karor3akA vAcaka hai| 14 vyAkaraNake anusAra araM vundati-ar + ubundir nizAmane dhAtuse banAyA jA sakatA hai / 55 yA av hiMsAyAm + udac = arbudaH bhI banAyA jA sakatA hai| (40) khala :- isake artha hote haiM-saMgrAma, khalihAna Adi / niruktameM bhI kaI arthoMmeM isake nirvacana prApta hote haiN| saMgrAmake artha meM (1) khalatervA arthAt isameM zatru mathe jAte haiN| isa nirvacanake anusAra khalaH zabdameM mathanArthaka khal dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) skhalatervA arthAt isameM zatru mAre jAte haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM hiMsArthaka skhala dhAtukA yoga hai| khalihAna vAcaka khala zabda bhI inhIM nirvacanoMse mAnA jAegA / 56 khalihAna meM bhI anna mathe jAte haiM yA cUrNa kie jAte haiN| khalihAna meM annakI daunI hotI hai| anna cUrNa karaneke pAtra bhI khala kahalAte haiN| tathA yaha bhI inhIM nirvacanoMse mAnA jaaegaa| isa khalameM bhI anna mathe jAte haiN| yA cUrNa kie jAte haiN| samAskanno bhavati35 khalihAnakA vAcaka khala zabdakA artha hogA jo dhAnyoM se dabAyA gayA ho| skand aH kad + aH khalaH / khalihAna yA davA kUTane kA pAtra vAcaka khala zabda sAdRzyake AdhAra para mAnA gayA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ina nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise khal + ac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (41) AkSANa: :- isakA artha hotA hai vyApaka / niruktake anusAra - AkSA AznuvANa:35 arthAt jo vyApta ho| isake anusAra isa zabdameM azuvyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| jo vyApta hotA hai use AkSANa kahate haiM / 57 isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM haiN| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha upayukta hai| (42) ApAna :- isakA artha hotA hai- vyApaka / nirukta ke anusAraApAna ApnuvAna:35 arthAt jo vyApta ho use ApAna kahate haiN| isake anusAra isa meM AplR vyAptau dhAtu kA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| laukika saMskRta meM ApAna zarAba Adi ke pIne ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra A + pA + lyuT pratyaya kara ApAna zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise 212 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| (43) viyAta :- isakA artha hotA hai zatruoM ko pIr3A pahuMcAne vAlA / viyAta zabda vadhArthaka vi yA dhAtuse niSpanna hai| niruktake anusAra viyAtayata itivA arthAt jo zatruoM ko yantraNA detA hai| viyAtayeti bA 35 arthAt zatruoM ko vividha prakAra se yAtanA de, isa prakArakI bAta jise kahI jAe use viyA kahate haiN| isameM vi+ yat dhAtu kA yoga hai| yat se Nic kara yAtaya- vi + yatay = kyiAta / vi + yA viyaat| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra isakA upayukta hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra aprasiddha hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise vi + yat + kta pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (44) khaNDa :- khaNDakA artha bheda hotA hai| niruktake anusAra khaNDaM khaNDayate:35 arthAt jo bhedana kiyA jaay| isake anusAra isameM bhedanArthaka khaDi dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna anusAra yaha saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise khaMDi bhedane dhAtuse ghaJ pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| r = ra * - (45) AkhaNDala :- yaha indrakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- AkhaNDayati35 arthAt jo megha ko khaNDakhaNDa kara deN| (Abhimukhyena avasthita yaH khaNDayati meghAn sa AkhaNDalaH) isake anusAra AkhaNDala zabdameM A + khaDi bhedane dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise . A + khaDi, bhedane + alac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake. anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (46) taDit : yaha antika ( najadIka) evaM vadha kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra- tADayatIti sataH arthAt yaha zabda taD dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai taD dhAtu samIpa evaM vadha donoM arthoMko prakAzita karatA hai| isa AdhAra para taDit kA artha hogA jo nikaTa ho yA jo AghAta pahuMcAtA ho / AcArya zAkapUNi ke anusAra taDit kA artha vidyut hotA hai sA 58 hyavatADayati arthAt vaha avatADa na karatI hai| isake anusAra yaha zabda taD AghAte dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai| dUrAcca dRzyate 35 arthAt vaha dUra se hI dikhalAyI par3atI hai| isase antika kA artha spaSTa nahIM hotaa| yaha mAtra arthAtmaka saMgati ke lie prastuta huA hai| yAska kA nirvacana tathA zAkapUNi kA nirvacana jo taD dhAtu se mAnA gayA hai dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke 213 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra taD it pratyaya kara taDit zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (47) arAtaya :- arAti zatrukA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) arAtayo'dAna karmANovA arthAt adAna karmA ko arAti kahA jAegA, arAti dAna karma ke viparIta AcaraNa karane vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra na 3 rA dAne dhAtuse arAti zabda niSpanna hotA hai| (2) adAna prajJA vA35 arthAt vaha dAna denekI sammatise rahita hotA hai| zatru dAna nahIM krte| isake anusAra isameM rA dAne dhAtukA yoga hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha nirvacana upayukta hai|59 isa nirvacanakA dhvAnyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka adhAra saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra aM+ sa + ktic pratyaya kara na rAti arAti arAtayaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (na rAti dadAti sukham) (48) apna :- isakA artha rUpa hotA hai| niruktake anusAra apna iti rUpa nAma ApnotItisata :35 yaha sampUrNa zarIrako vyApta karatA hai| ata: yaha apna kahalAtA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra isameM Ap dhAtukA yoga hai| Ap + nas = apnH| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (49) vajra :- yaha indrAstrakA vAcaka hai| AMgala bhASAmeM ise Thunderbolt. kahA jAtA hai| niruktake anusAra varjayatItisata:35 arthAta yaha jIvoM ke prANoMko chur3AtA hai| isa nirvacanake AdhAra para vajra zabdameM vRjI varjane dhAtukA yoga hai| - vRj+ a: varjU + a = vjrH| ise varjayati viyojayati prANI prANinaH iti80 kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattvase yukta hai| indra apane astra vajra se zatruoM ko saMhAra karatA hai| vajra jahAM mistA hai vahAMke jIvoMko naSTa kara detA hai dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki isameM dhAtu sthita vyaMjana gata audAsinya spaSTa hai|61 vyAkaraNake anusAra vaj gatau se ran62 pratyaya kara vajra banAyA jA sakatA hai| (50) kutsaH- niruktake anusAra isake do artha prApta hote haiM, (1) vajra, (2) Rssi| vajra ke artha meM kutsa zabdakA nirvacana kRtI chedane dhAtuse kiyA gayA haikutsaHkRntate:arthAt yaha chedane vAlA hotA hai| RSike arthameM kutsa zabda viSayaka nirvacana AcArya aupamAnyavake anusAra prApta hotA hai| kartAstomAnAm5 arthAt vaha stomoMkA kartA hotA hai|iske anusAra kutsaHzabdameM kRstu dhAtuoMkA yoga hai|AcArya 214 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ aupamanyava dvArA upasthApita kutsakA nirvacana yAskako mAnya hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase donoM nirvacacana upayukta haiN| kRt se kutsa tathA kR + stu se kutsa ke anusAra patA calatA hai ki vaidika kAlameM R dhvani kA u meM vikAsa huA hai| isa prakArake aura bhI udAharaNa upalabdha ho jAte haiM yathA apratiSkutaH kRta , krUrakRnta aadi| kRtsa kA artha vajra lakSaNA ke AdhAra para haA hai|63 bhASA vijJAnake anusAra donoM nirvacana upayukta haiN| ... (51) suparNa :- isakA artha hotA hai kirnn| nirukta meM ise sUryakI kiraNa mAnA gayA hai| isake nirvacanameM suparNA: supatanA5 arthAt acchI taraha girane vaalii| isake anusAra suparNa zabda su + pat dhAtuse mAnA jaaegaa| patse parNa dhvanyAtmaka visaMgati kA pariNAma hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| (52) pAka :- isakA artha hotA hai pakA huaa| niruktameM isake nirvacanameM kahA gayA hai-pAkaH paktavyo bhavati35 isake anusAra pAk zabdameM pac dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise pac +dhaJ pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (53) ina :- yaha Izvara kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra -saniti aizvaryeNa arthAt yaha aizvarya se saMyukta hai| isake anusAra isameM san sambhaktau dhAtukA yoga hai| sanitamanenaizvaryamiti vA35 yA isase aizvarya yukta hai| isake anusAra bhI isameM san sambhaktau dhAtukA yoga hai| ye nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka AdhArase rahita haiN| inakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| yAska mAtra yahAM artha spaSTa karanA apanA uddezyaM samajhate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra iN gatau ra nak4 pratyaya kara inaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (54) bahu :- bahuH kA artha hotA hai-adhikA nirukta ke anusAra -prabhavatIti sata:65 arthAt samartha hone ke kAraNa yaha bahu kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM bhU dhAtu kA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase isameM vyaMjana gata audAsinya hai|66 bhU-bha + u, bha-ba h + bhuH| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise vahi vRddhau dhAtuse niSpanna mAnA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra bhI vahi vRddhau dhAtu se u:67 pratyaya kara bahaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (55) hrasvaH-hasvakA artha choTA hai|niruktke anusAra hrasvo hrasate:65 arthAt vaha choTA yA alpa hotA hai| isake anusAra hrasva zabdameM nyUnArthaka hras, dhAtukA 215: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yoga hai| hras + va = hrasva : / yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra hras zabde dhAtu se va: pratyaya kara hrasvaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|| (56) mahAn :- yaha bar3A kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- mAnenAnyAMjahAtIti zAkapUNiH arthAt mAnake kAraNa dUsaroMko chor3a detA hai| yaha vicAra AcArya zAkapUNi kA hai| isake anusAra mahAn zabdameM ma-mAna kA tathA hA parityAge dhAtukA yoga hai| anya hrasvoMko chor3akara yaha adhika sammAna vAlA ho jAtA hai| mahanIyo bhavatItivA65 arthAt yaha mahanIya hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM mahi vRddhau yA mahi pUjAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai| AcArya zAkUpaNikA nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhatA hai| usakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata nahIM hai| yAska pratipAdita nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| ise bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (57) vavakSiya-vivakSase :- ye AkhyAtaja zabda haiN| nirukttake anusAra . vaktervA , vahatervA sAbhyAsAt65 arthAt vac yA vaha dhAtuke abhyAsa (dvitva) karane se ye zabda niSpanna hote haiN| vac yA vaha dhAtuse san kara ke pada banAye jA sakate haiN| yAskane donoM zabdoMko eka sAtha hI vivecita kiyA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra vac dhAtuse isakA nirvacana saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vaha dhAtumeM arthAtmakatA saMgata hai| (58) gRham :- yaha gharakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra gRhaNantIti satAm65 arthAt yaha sajjanoMko (bhale AdamiyoM ko) grahaNa karatA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra gRha zabda meM graha, grahaNe dhAtu kA yoga hai| graha+am = gRham isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra graha upAdAne + ka:68 pratyaya kara yA gRha grahaNe dhAtu se ka :69 pratyaya kara gRham zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (59) sukham :- sukha kA artha prasannatA hai| yAskake anusAra suhitaM khebhya:65 arthAt yaha indriyoMke lie hita kAraka hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra sukham zabdameM do pada vibhAga haiM- su + kham = sukhm| su suhita kA vAcaka hai tathA kham kA artha hotA hai indriy| jo indriyoM ko acchA lage use sukhaM kahate haiN| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise sukha +ac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| 216 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (60) khama :- yaha indriyakA vAcaka hai| yAskake anusAra . khaM khanate :65 arthAt kham zabda avadAraNArthaka khan dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki mukha Adi indriyoMke sthAna khude hote haiN| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| arthAtmakatA AkRti para Azrita hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise kharca gatau yA khan dAraNe dhAtuse DaH pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| (61) rUpam : isakA artha sauMdarya hotA hai| yAskake anusAra-rUpaM rocate:65 arthAt yaha zabda rUca dIptau dhAtuse niSpAdita hotA hai kyoMki yaha TIpta hotA hai, sundara lagatA hai yA camakatA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise yaha nirvacana sarvathA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise rU + pa: (dIrghazca) rUpama70 yA rUp + ac pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (62) satyam :- isakA artha hotA hai-saca yA ythaarth-kthn|71 yAskane isake lie do nirvacana prastuta kie haiM. (1) satsu tAyate arthAt yaha sajjanoMmeM vistRta hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM do pada khaNDa haiM sa + ty| sa sajjana kA vAcaka hai tathA aMtima pada tya tAya santAna pAlanayo : dhAtu se niSpanna ruup| (2) satprabhavaM bhavatIti vA arthAt isakI utpatti sajjanoMse hotI hai| isake anusAra isameM sat + ya pada khaNDa haiN| sat sajjana kA vAcaka hai tathA ya prtyy| yAska ke samaya meM lagatA hai tya taddhita pratyaya rahA hai| ve tya pratyaya ko bhI tana vistAre dhAtu se niSpanna mAnate haiN| apatya zabda meM bhI isI prakAra tya pratyaya hotA hai| apa + tya apatya/72 arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase donoM nirvacana upayukta haiN| prathama nirvacanako dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se bhI saMgata mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi yaha dIrgha kalpanA kA pariNAma hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sat + yat = satyam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (63) vanasUM :- isakA artha hotA hai vana meM vicaraNa karane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra vanaguM vana gAminoM arthAt vanaguM vanagAmI hote haiN| isake AdhAra para vanargu zabdameM vanagam dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra kiMcit zithila hai| ise bhASA vijJAnake anusAra pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| (64) taskara: taskarakA artha cora hotA hai| nairuktake anusAra tatkaro bhavati yatpApakamiti nairuktAH arthAt jo nindita kArya ko karanevAlA hotA hai use taskara kahate haiN| isake anusAra tat+kR kara = taskara:zabda haitat pApakam kA vAcaka hai 217: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ tatkara zabda hI taskara ho gayA hai| yAskake anusAra tanotervA syAt santata karmA bhvti| ahorAtraH karmAvA65 arthAt taskara zabda tanu vistAre dhAtuse banA hai| kyoMki taskara lagAtAra duSkarmameM nirata rahatA hai| yaha rAta dina duSkarma karatA rahatA hai| yAskakA nirvacana arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai lekina dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta nhiiN| yaha nirvacana karma para AdhArita hai tathA isameM lakSaNA kA yoga hai| loka meM bhI yaha isI arthameM prayukta hotA hai| nairuktoMkA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai-tat-karaHtat-kR kar + a: tatkaraH tskrH| vyAkaraNake anusara tat + kara (kR) + ac73 pratyaya kara taskara zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| tatkara se taskara zabda meM varNa vikAra mAnA jaaegaa| (65) devara :- yaha eka sambandha vAcaka zabda hai| isakA artha hai patikA choTA bhaaii| niruktake anusAra devaraH dvitIyo vara ucyate arthAt dvitIya vara ko devara kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra devara zabdameM do pada khaNDa haiN-devr| de dvi kA vAcaka hai tathA vR dhAtu kA vara guNa hokara devaraH ho gayA hai| yAskake isa nirvacanase spaSTa hotA hai ki patikI mRtyu hone para yA pati ke abhAva meM devara hI pati kA kArya karatA thA jo dvitIya varake rUpameM abhihita hotA thaa|74 divyati karmA vA65 arthAt devara zabda stutyarthaka div dhAtuse banA hai kyoMki vaha apanI bhrAtRjAyA ko Adara, sammAna karatA hai yaha nirvacana aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika AdhAra para AdhArita hai| donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta haiN| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se donoM nirvacanoMko saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| devara zabdakA nirvacana diva krIDAyAM dhAtu se bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isake anusAra devarakA artha hogA - bhrAtRjAyAke sAtha krIr3A karane vAlA yA haMsI majAka karane vaalaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra devR dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara devaraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| dvitIya vara hI varNa lopa hokara evaM hrasvIbhUta hokara devarake rUpameM avaziSTa hai| devara zabda vaidika bhASAmeM prayukta hai| lagatA hai prAraMbhika kAlakA dvitIyavara kAlAntarameM vaidika bhASAmeM hI alpAyAsake kAraNa devara ke rUpameM vyavahRta hone lagAAdevara zabda Aja bhI isI artha meM prayukta hai| (66)vidhavAH-isakA artha hotAhai patihInA strI,vahasrI jisakA pati mara gayA ho|5 yAska isake kaI nirvAcana prastuta karate haiM tathA isa kramameM dUsare AcAryoMke siddhAntoMkA bhI ullekha karate haiN|(1) vidhAtRkAbhavati85 arthAt vaha dhAraNa karane 218 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vAlA yA poSaNa karane vAlA se rahita ho jAtI hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra vidhavA zabda meM do pada khaNDa haiM vi + ghava, vi-vigata kA vAcaka hai tathA ghava ghA dhAraNArthe dhAtuse niSpanna shbd| (2) vidhavanAdvA arthAt patikI mRtyuse vaha kampita ho jAtI hai| isake anusAra isameM vi + dhU- kampane dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) vidhAvanAdveticarmazirA: arthAt AcArya carmazirA ke anusAra vidhavA zabda meM vi +dhAt dhAtukA yoga hai| pati kI mRtyu ke bAda vaha vizeSa rUpa se idhara-udhara daur3ane vAlI (jAne vAlI) ho jAtI hai| patike abhAvameM pati kulase pitR kula tathA pitR kulase pati kulameM jAne Ane lagatI hai| patike abhAvameM apane bharaNapoSaNa ke lie idhara udhara jAne vAlI hotI hai| (4) dhava iti manuSya nAma tadviyogAt 5 arthAt dhava (manuSya) pati kA vAcaka hai tathA usase viyukta hone ke kAraNa vidhavA kahalAtI hai| isake anusAra vi-viyukta +dhava = vidhvaa| DA. varmA ke anusAra yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase zithila hai lekina prasiddha nirvacana hai|6 ve vidhavA zabdako viyukta arthoMvAlI bhAropIya vi + dhe dhAtu se sambaddha mAnate haiN| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yAskake sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| carmazirAkA mata bhI arthAtmaka dRSTise saMgata hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTite yAskakA dvitIya nirvacana jisameM dhut kampane dhAtukA yoga hai, upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| dhava zabdakA prayoga veda meM patike arthameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jAtA lekina koSa granthoMmeM dhava zabda patike artha meM paThita hai| yAskaka ra maya meM dhava zabdakA pracalana patike artha ho gayA hogaa| ataH vidhava, vidhavA bhAnA gyaa| rotha, grAsamAna Adi vidhavA zabdako viyogArthaka vidha dhAtuse niSpanna bhAnate haiN|75 mAropIya bhASA parivArakI anya zAkhAoMmeM bhI vidhavA zabda kiMcit dhvanyAttara ke sAtha dekhA jA sakatA hai-grIka Vithees laiTi.-Viduo, Viduees ave.-vidhavA, jarmanI withwe, aMgrejI-Widow saMskRta vidhavAkA hI antarrASTrIya rUpa anya bhASAoMmeM dekhA jAtA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra vi +dhUJ kampane + ac (gha) + TAp pratyaya kara vidhavA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|80 yAskake nirvacanase patA calatA hai ki yAskake kAlameM vidhavAoMkI sthiti acchI nahIM thii| (67) marya :- marya kA artha manuSya hotA hai| nirukta ke anusAra maryo manuSyo maraNa dharmA65 arthAt vaha marane ke svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| yaha zabda mRG prANatyAge dhAtu se banA hai| yaha nirvacana arthAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| yahAM mAtra artha spaSTa karane kI ceSTA kI gayI hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha nirvacana upayukta nahIM hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra mR 219: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ + yat pratyaya kara maryaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (68) yoSA :- yaha strI kA vAcaka hai / 1 niruktake anusAra yoSA yaute :65 arthAt yaha zabda yu mizraNe'mizraNe ca dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai vaha purUSako apanese milAtI hai|82 isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra yuS dhAtu se ac83 +TAp kara yoSA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (69) AtmA :- yaha jIvAtmA yA zarIrake adhiSThAtR devakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra(1)AtmA tatervA arthAt yaha zabda at sAtatyagamane dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha sarvagata hotA hai| (2) AptervA arthAt Atman zabda AplR vyAptau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha vyApta kiehue hai| (3) apivAptaiva syAt arthAt yaha AtmA Aptake samAna hotI hai| Aptase AtmA zabda sAdRzya para AdhArita hai| isake anusAra AplR vyAptau dhAtuse hI AtmA zabda mAnA jaaegaa| (4) yAvat vyApti bhUta iti65 arthAt yaha sabhI vastuoM ko vyApta karatI hai| isake anusAra bhI Atman zabdameM AplR dhAtukA hI yoga mAnA jaaegaa| sabhI nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| vibhinna arthoMkI upalabdhike lie itane nirvacana prastuta kie gae haiN| ina nirvacanoMke AdhAra para Atman zabdameM do dhAtukA saMketa pAyA jAtA hai prathama nirvacanake AdhAra para at sAtatyagamane dhAtukA tathA zeSa nirvacanoM ke AdhAra para AplRvyAptau dhAtukA / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ye nirvacana upayukta haiM / yAskane AtmAkI vyAptatA tathA vyApakatAkA nirdeza kaI sthaloM para kiyA hai|84 upaniSad, gItA Adi granthoMmeM bhI AtmAkI vyApakatAkA varNana prApta hotA hai / 85 yAskakA eka devatA bAda AtmAkI vyApakatA evaM sarvakriyAzIlatAkA dyotaka hai| yaha zabda bhAratIya darzana sAhityameM prasiddha evaM vyApaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra at + manin pratyayakara Atman- AtmA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (70) jAra :- jAra: zabda AdityakA vAcaka hai / niruktake anusAra- (1) jAraHAdityaHrAtreHjarayitA65 arthAt vaha rAtriko jIrNa karane vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra jAra: zabda meM jR vayauhAnau dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) sa evaM bhAsAm jarayitA65 arthAt vaha nakSatroM evaM caMdramA Adike prakAzakA vinAzaka hai| sUryake udaya hone para candramA evaM nakSatroMkA prakAza naSTa ho jAtA hai| isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM jR vayo 220 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hAnau dhAtukA yoga spaSTa hotA hai| isa zabdakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| lokameM jAra kA artha samprati upapati hotA hai| niruktameM bhI jAra upapati kA vAcaka hai|86 upapati artha prAkRtika sAdRzya ke AdhAra para huA hogaa| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra isa zabdameM arthApakarSa mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ju vayohAnau dhAtu se ghaJ pratyaya karane para jAraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (71) svasA :- isakA artha hotA hai vahanA87 niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM(1) sAhacaryAdvA arthAt sAtha-sAtha rahaneke kAraNa svasA kahalAtI hai| uSA sUryakI svasA mAnI gayI hai kyoMki ve donoM sAtha-sAtha rahate haiN| sAmAnya vahana ke artha meM bhI isI sAhacarya kA AdhAna hogaa| kyoMki bhAI evaM bahana kA bacapana meM sAtha-sAtha rahanA hotA hai|88 (2) rasaharaNAdvA arthAt rasa haraNa karaneke kAraNa bhI svasA kahalAtI hai| sUrya evaM uSA sAtha rahaneke kAraNa prAta:kAla osakaNa ko haraNa karate haiN| ye donoM nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase inheM upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| Age calakara yAska svasA kA nirvacana prastuta karate hae kahate haiM-suasA89 svasA arthAt acchI taraha maryAdAse rahane vaalii| sa +asA = svasA zabda ke asAmeM as dhAtukA yoga hai| sveSu sIdatItivA90 arthAt apane logoMmeM (pitR kula ke logoM meM) prasanna rahatI hai| vivAhoparAnta bhI pitR kulase sambandha banAye rakhatI hai| isake anusAra isameM svA sad vizaraNa gatyavasAdaneSu dhAtukA yoga hai| yAskake antima donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra su + asu kSepaNe + Rn pratyaya kara svasR. svasA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| svasR kA hI kiMcit dhvanyantara ke sAtha Sister zabda AMgala bhASAmeM ukta artha meM upalabdha hotA hai| yAskake antima donoM nirvacanoMko bhASA vijJAnake anusAra saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (72) bhaga :- bhaga kaI arthoM kA vAcaka hai| strI yoni ke artha meM yAska nirvacana prastuta karate hue kahate haiM- bho bhajate:65 arthAt yaha bhaja sevAyAm dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isakA sevana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta hai| nirukta meM bhaga ke tIna arthoM meM nirvacana prApta hote haiM- (1) bhadra ke paryAya ke rUpa meM bhaja dhAtu se hI mAnA gayA hai| yaha bhaj dhAtu sevA evaM prApti artha meM abhipreta hai| ina dhAtuoM se niSpanna mAnane para isakA artha hogA zreSTha, pAne yogya evaM sevanIya- bhadraM bhagena 221: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vyAkhyAtam bhajanIyaM bhUtAnAm arthAt bhadrakI vyAkhyA bhaga zabdakI vyAkhyAse hI ho gyii| bhaga bhaj dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha prANiyoM ke lie prAptavya hai|92 yaha kalyANa kA vAcaka bhaga hai|(2) strI yoni ke artha meM bhaga kA nirvacana bhaj sevAyAm dhAtuse hI mAnA jAegA jisakA pradarzana Upara ho cukA hai| (3) bhaga kA artha bhAga yA aMza hogaa| yAska isake lie spaSTa koI nirvacana nahIM prastuta karate lekina Rgvedake maMtrakI vyAkhyA meM apanA ukta abhimata prastuta karate haiM :zraddhayAgniH samidhyate, RddhayAM hUyate hviH| zraddhAM bhagasya mUrdhani vacasA vedyaamsi||93 isa maMtra kI vyAkhyA meM bhagasyakA artha bhAgadheyasya kiyA gayA hai|94 spaSTa hai yahAM bhaga bhAgake arthameM prayukta hai| vibhAgaM Adi zabdoMse bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhaj dhAtu prAraMbhika avasthAmeM bhAgake arthameM prayukta hotA hogaa| kAlAntara meM yaha sevA yA prApti arthameM bhI prayukta hone lagA athavA prAraMbhase hI isake tInoM artha pracalita haiN| koSa granthake anusAra bhagake zobhA, yoni, vIrya , vairAgya , icchA, mAhAtmya, sAmarthya, yatna, yaza, dharma Adi artha hote haiN|95 bhaj dhAtuse bhaga zabda mAnanA bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhaj sevAyAm dhAtu se gha96 pratyaya kara bhagaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (73) meSa :- meSa zabda bheDAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra meSo miSate: arthAt vaha poSaka ko dekhatA rahatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM miS darzane dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| meSa zabda bher3Ake lie rUr3ha ho gayA hai| kyoMki anya pAlatu pazu bhI apane poSakako dekhatA rahatA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise miS spardhAyAM dhAtuse ac pratyayakara banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (74) pazuH- isakA artha hotA hai jaanvr| niruktake anusAra pazuH pazyate:65 arthAt vaha kevala dekhatA hai| ataH dekhanekI kriyA kI vizeSatAke kAraNa pazu kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra pazu zabdameM paz dhAtukA yoga hai|yaaskke samayameM lagatA hai paz dhAtukA rUpa pracalita thApANinIyatantraNtathA zatapathabrAhmaNa98meM bhI isI prakAra kA nirvacana prApta hotA hai|iskaa dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAraupayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa|vyaakrnnke anusAra dRz+ka:dRz- paz + 222 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kuH = pazuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|99 vyAkaraNa kI prakriyA meM dRz kA pazya Adeza ho jAtA hai| isake anusAra sarvAnavizeSaNa pazyatIti pazuH mAnA jaaegaa| vaidika saMhitAoMmeM pazu una prANiyoMke lie prayukta huA hai jo sukha duHkha anubhava karane vAlI viziSTa indriya zakti se yukta hai isa kSetra ke antargata sampUrNa manuSya , pazu pakSI Adi A jAte haiM. caturnamo aSTakRtvo bhavAya dazakRtvaH pazupate namaste tave me paMca pazavo vimaktA gAvo azvAH puruSA ajAvayaH00 isake anusAra gau, azva, puruSa, aja evaM pakSI Adi pazukI zreNImeM Ate haiN| saMhitA kAlase hI pazu zabdameM artha saMkoca huA hai| sabhI prANiyoM ke lie prayukta hone vAlA pazu zabda gavAdi pazu jAti ke lie hI sImita ho gyaa| bhASA pravAha ke calate isa prakAra kA artha saMkoca saMbhava hai evaM mAnya hai| samprati pazu zabda gavAdi pazujAti vizeSake lie hI pracalita hai|100 __(75) ayam :- yaha eka sarvanAma hai| isakA artha hotA hai yh| yaha nikaTatara batalAne vAlA hai| nirukta ke anusAra ayam etattaro'muSmAt65 arthAt jo usase nikaTatara hai| isake anusAra isameM iNgatau dhAtu kA yoga hai| A + i = ayam yaha nirvacana kI parAkASThA hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTi se ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa|| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra idam zabda kA puliMga prathamA ekavacana meM ayam rUpa hotA hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra bhI yaha saMgata hai| (76) asau :- yaha bhI eka sarvanAma hai| isakA artha hotA hai vh| nirukta ke anusAra-asau astataraH asmAt65 arthAt jo isase dUratara hai vaha asau kahalAtA hai| yaha ayam kI apekSA dUravartI ke lie prayukta hone vAlA sarvanAma hai| isake anusAra isameM asaM kSepaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA bhI dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra adas zabdake strIliMga yA puliMga ke prathamA eka vacana meM asau zabda hotA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (77) vRSala :- isakA artha hotA hai nindAkA pAtra manuSya, ghRNita manuSya yA nIca manuSya, niruktameM isake do nirvacana prApta hote haiM (1) vRSalo vRSazIlo bhavatima arthAt vRSala vRSa yA bailake svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM do . pada khaNDa haiM-vRSa + lH| vRSa zabda vRSabha kA vAcaka hai tathA laH zIla artha dyotita karane vAlA prtyy| 223: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (2) vRSAzIlo vA65 arthAt vaha vRSa ke azIla vAlA hotA hai| yahAM azIla kA artha zIlase rahita mAnA jAe to prathama nirvacana se virodha pratIta hogaa| ata: nartha sAdRzyameM mAnakara isakA artha pazu ke svabhAva vAlA mAnanA upayukta hogaa|101 vRSa + la: (azIla) = vRssl:| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se donoM nirvacana upayukta haiN| guNa sAmyake AdhAra para yaha nirvacana kiyA gayA hai| isameM lakSaNAkA AdhAra mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra vRSu secane dhAtuse kalac102 pratyaya kara yA dRS + lu chedane dhAtu se Da:103 pratyaya kara yA vRSa + lA + ka:104 pratyaya kara vRSalaHzabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|bhaassaa vijJAnake anusAra inheM upayuktamAnA jaaegaa| (78) priyamedhaH :- yaha saMjJA zabda sAmAsika hai| niruktake anusAra priyA :asya medhA :65 arthAt jisako medhA priya hai use priyamedha : kahA jaaegaa| medha kA artha yajJa bhI hotA hai isake AdhAra para isakA artha hotA hai yjnypriy| isa nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| sabhI nAma sArthaka haiM isa dizA meM yaha udAharaNa dekhA jA sakatA hai| yoM to yAska ne isa zabdameM dhAtu AdikA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| (79) praskaNva :- yaha bhI eka saMnnApada hai| isakA artha hotA hai kaNvakA putr| niruktake anusAra-praskaNva : kaNva prabhavaH' arthAt praskaNva kaNvase utpannako kahate haiN| praskaNva zabda prAgra ke sAdRzya para banA hai| jaise agra ke pUrva pra rakhane se prAgra = agra prabhava artha ho jAtA hai usI prakAra kaNva se pahale pra rakhane para praskaNva kA artha hogA kaNva prbhv| praskaNda meM s nipAtita hai| praskaNva zabda meM varNAgama mAnA jaaegaa| pra+kaNva meM s kA Agama hokara praskaNva ho gayA hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke anusAra RSi artha meM (pra-kaNva) kakAra ke pUrva suTa kA Agama ho jAtA hai|105 isa prakAra prakaNva hI praskaNva hojAtA hai|prsknnv kaNvase utpanna RSiko hI dyotita karatA hai| (80) bhRgu :- bhRgu eka RSi kA nAma hai| nirukta ke anusAra- arciSi bhRguH samvabhUva arthAt bhRgu RSi jvAlA meM utpanna hue| bhRjyamAno na dehe5 arthAt jo deha meM bhunA huA na ho| jvAlA meM utpanna hone para bhI inakA zarIra adagdha thaa| ye deha se utpanna nahIM he| ye divya sRSTi haiN| yaha nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra para AdhArita haiN|106 yAska ke nirvacana se spaSTa hai ki bhRgu zabdameM bhrasj pAke dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| koSa granthoM meM bhRguH ke zikhara se girane vAlA prapAta, RSi Adi kaI artha 108 hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra bhrasj pAke dhAtu se uH pratyaya kara prasj 224 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ + uH, bhRjja + u, bhRg + u: = bhRguH banAyA jA sakatA hai|107 bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| (81) aMgirA :- yaha eka RSikA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra aMgAreSvaMgirA65 arthAt aMgAra se aMgirA RSi kI utpatti huii| isa nirvacanakA aitihAsika mahattva hai| aitihAsika AdhAra para yaha nirvacana AdhArita hai| aMgirA RSikI utpattike itihAsake AdhAra para hI yaha nirvacana kiyA gayA hai| jvAlAkI zAntike bAda zeSa aMgAre se aMgirA RSikI utpatti huii|109 isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra agi gatau dhAtu se iras pratyaya kara aMgiras zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (aMgati brahmaNomukhAnniH saratIti aNgiraa|) utpatti kI dRSTi se aMgiras, kA sambandha agni se mAnA jA sakatA hai| pArthiva agni ke udbhAvaka aMgiras hI the| kASTha manthana kara agni prApta karanemeM prathama saphalatA inheM hI prApta huii| 110 bAda meM aMgiras gotra hI pracalita huA jisakA sambandha agni se bhI thaa| RgvedameM inheM pUrvoaMgirA : kahakara inakI prAcInatA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai|11 aMgiras brahmAke mAnasaputra saptarSiyoM meM gine jAte haiN|113 (82) aMgArA :- isakA artha hotA hai prajvalita, dIpta khaNDa (jalatA koyalA) niruktake anusAra-aMgArA, aMkanA aMcanA bhavanti65 arthAta aMgAra isalie kahe jAte haiM kyoMki ve cihna chor3ate haiM yA jahAM girate haiM usI sthAna ko cihnita kara dete haiN| yA ve camakIle hote haiN| isake anusAra aMgAra zabdameM aki lakSaNe yA aMc dhAtu kA yoga hai- aMk + AraH = aMgAraH, aMc + AraH = aNgaarH| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra agi gatau dhAtuse Aran112 pratyaya kara aMgAra zabda banAyA. jAtA hai| (83) atri :- yaha eka RSi kA nAma hai| maharSi atri kI gaNanA saptarSiyoM meM hotI hai|113 nirukta ke anusAra- atraiva tRtiiymRcchtetyuucuH|65 arthAt yahIM para tRtIya ko bhI prApta karo isa prakAra RSiyoM ne khaa|114 isa AdhAra para atriH zabda meM atra + tRtIya (tri) kA yoga spaSTa hotA hai| na trayaH iti atri:65 arthAt jinako tInoM nahIM ho arthAt jisako AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika, tathA Adhidaivika ye tInoM prakAra ke duHkha nahIM ho use atriH kahate haiN| isake anusAra na-a +tri:-atriH hai| isa nirvacana kA AdhAra aitihAsika hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa 225 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ke anusAra ad+ tRn pratyaya kara atriH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| (84) vaikhAnasa :- yaha eka RSi kA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra-vikhana nAdvaikhAnasa: arthAt (usa sthAna ko) khodane se ve paidA hue isalie unheM vaikhAnasa kahA jAtA hai| isake AdhAra para vaikhAnasa zabdameM vi + khan dhAtukA yoga hai vi + khan +as vaikhAnasa: yaha nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra para AdhArita hai|115 laukika saMskRta meM vaikhAnasa kA artha vAnaprastha bhI hotA hai|116 isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vikhanas +aN pratyaya kara vaikhAnasaHzabda banAyAjA sakatA hai|vaikhaans zabdameM artha vistAraM pAyAjAtA hai|praarNbhik avasthAmeM vaikhAnasa RSi vizeSakA vAcaka thaa| laukika saMskRtameM yaha sAmAnya tapasvIke arthameM prayukta huA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgataM mAnA jaaegaa| (85) bhAradvAjaH- yaha eka RSikA nAma hai| bharadvAjake putrako bhAradvAja kahate haiN| yaha taddhitAnta zabda hai| niruktake anusAra-bharaNAdbhAradvAja:65 arthAt bharaNa kriyA ke yogase bhAradvAja zabda bnaa| jo annako dhAraNa kare use bhAradvAja kahate haiN| bharati vibharti vAjaM asau bharadvAja: tasya putra: bhaardvaajH| bharadvAja se hI bhAradvAja zabda bana gayA hai| bhR bharaNe dhAtukA bharat + vAja (anna kA vAcaka) bharadvAja :bhaardvaajH| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra isa zabdameM apazruti mAnI jaaegii| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra aitihAsika hai|117 vyAkaraNake anusAra bharadvAja aN pratyaya kara bhAradvAjaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (86) virUpa :- isakA artha hotA hai vividha rUpoM maalaa| niruktake anusAravirUpa: nAnArUpa:65 arthAt. aneka rUpa honeke kAraNa virUpa kahalAtA hai| vi + rUpa: meM vi nAnA kA vAcaka hai| yAska isake arthako hI mAtra spaSTa karate haiN| isakA nirvacana prastuta nahIM krte| bhASA vijJAnakI prakriyAmeM ise nirvacana kI saMjJA nahIM dI jaaygii| laukika saMskRtameM virUpa:kA artha vikRta rUpa vAlA hotA hai| vi upasarga prAyaH vikRtakA hI vAcaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vi + rUca + kaH pratyaya kara virUpaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (87) mahivrataH- isakA artha karmavIra hotA hai| niruktake anusAra -mahivrato mahAvrata iti5 vrata karma kA vAcaka hai| isake anusAra artha hogA mahAn vrata vaalaa| 226 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ mahAvrataM yasya saH mhivrtH| yaha zabda sAmAsika hai| yAska aise zabdoMko mAtra artha spaSTa kara hI chuTTI pA lete haiN| arthAtmaka dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| (88) kAka :- isakA artha kAka pakSI vizeSa hai| niruktake anusAra kAka iti zabdAnukRti:118 arthAt kAka nAma usake zabdAnukaraNake adhAra para par3A hai| yaha kA kA zabda vizeSa karatA hai ata: usake isa dhvani ke AdhAra para kAka nAma pdd'aa| pakSiyoMke nAma prAya: zabdAnukRti para hI AdhArita hote haiN|119 yaha siddhAnta aMgrejI, marAThI Adi bhASAoM meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai|120 yAska isa nirvacanake krama meM AcArya aupamanyavake siddhAnta kA bhI upasthApana karate haiM :- na zabdAnukRtirvidyata ityaupamanyavaH118 arthAt AcArya aupamanyavake anusAra pakSiyoMkA nAmakaraNa usake zabdAnukaraNa para nahIM huA hai| kAko'pakAlayitavyo bhavati118 arthAt kAka nikAlane yogya hotA hai| isake anusAra kAkaH zabdameM nikAlanA artha vAlI kal dhAtukA yoga hai| kal dhAtuse hI kAkaH zabda bnaa| yAskakA nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| aupamanyavakA nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai jo dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta nahIM hai| zabdAnukRti ke anusAra kakate vA lolyAt kaakH|121 vyAkaraNake anusAra kai zabde dhAtuse kan112 pratyaya kara kAkaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| dhRSTatAdi doSa ke kAraNa kAka zabda kAlAntara meM nindA paraMka artha kA vAcaka ho gayA hai yathA-tIrthakAka:122ka (89) tittiri :- yaha tItara pakSI vizeSa kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra(1) tittiristaraNAt118 arthAt taraNa kriyoke kAraNa tittiri kahA jAtA hai kyoMki vaha uchala-uchala kara cailatA hai| tittiriH zabda meM tRplavanataraNayoH dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) tilamAtra citrativA118 arthAta isameM tilaM mAtra citra hotA hai| isa pakSI kA zarIra tila mAtra citrita hotA hai| yaha tittiri. ke svarUpa para AdhArita hai| ina nirvacanoM meM cAla evaM karma kA anukaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| yAska ke zabdAnukRti siddhAnta ke AdhAra para bhI isakA nirvacana kiyA jA sakatA hai-titti zabdaM rAtIti tittiriH|123 yAskake prathama nirvacanameM tR plavanataraNayoH dhAtukA dvitva rUpa hokara tittiriH bana gayA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacama AkRti mUlaka hai isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nhiiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra tR dhAtu kA dvitva + (i:) pratyaya kara tittiriH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|124 yAskakA prathama nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI upayukta hai| 227: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (90) kapiMjala :- isakA artha hotA hai jAnavara vishess| niruktake anusAra(1) kapiMjala: kapiriva jIrNa: arthAt yaha purAne vandarakI taraha raMgavAlA hotA hai| isa zabdameM kapi + z2a-(jIrNa:) kA yoga hai| (2) kapirivajavate arthAt yaha vandara kI taraha gati vAlA hai isake anusAra isa zabdameM kapi + ju gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) iSatpiMgalo vA arthAt vaha thor3A piMgala varNa kA hotA hai| isake anusAra ka-(iSat) piMgala-(piMgala:)= kapiMjala hai (4) kamanIya zabdaM piMjayatItivA8 arthAt yaha madhura zabda karatA hai isake anusAra (ka) kamanIya kA vAcaka hai tathA piMj dhAtukA piMjala , hI piMgala ho gayA hai| prathama nirvacana meM dhvanyAtmaka saMgati hai| prathama evaM dvitIya nirvacanakA AdhAra kramaza: raMgasAdRzya evaM gatisAdRzya hai| tRtIya AkRtimUlaka tathA caturtha guNAtmaka hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase sabhI nirvacana upayukta hai| prathama nirvacana meM ra dhvani kA la meM parivartana huA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra pij zabde dhAtuse kalac kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (91) zvA :- yaha kuttA kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) zvA zu yAyI arthAt yaha zIgha gamana karane vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra isameM zu + ay gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) zavatervA syAdgati karmaNa: arthAt yaha zabda gatyarthaka zav dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha gati karatA hai| (3) zvasite1i18 arthAt yaha zabda vadhArthaka zvas dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki yaha hiMsaka hotA hai yA kATane vAlA hotA hai| shvs-shvn-shvaa| ye nirvacana bhramAtmaka haiN| sabhI nirvacanoM kA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise zu + iN gatau se zvA zabda mAnA jA sakatA hai|125 prathama evaM dvitIya nirvacanakA arthAtmaka AdhAra gati hai| tRtIya nirvacana usake guNa para AdhArita hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise ziva gatau + kanin126 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| laulyAdi doSake kAraNa zvA kA artha kAlAntara meM nindoparaka ho gayA hai| yathA-ayaM zvA ev|126k (92) siMha :- isakA artha hotA hai mRgraaj| nirukta ke anusAra-(1) sahanAt arthAt vaha dUsare ko davAtA hai ataH siMha zabdameM saha abhibhave dhAtukA yoga hai| saha asiha aH,siMha a:=siMhA(2)hiMsesyiAdviparItasya118arthAt hiMsakA hI viparIta hokara siMha banA hai| isake anusAra hiMs hiMsAyAm dhAtuse hiMsa bana kara varNa viparyaya127 ke dvArA siMha bana gayA hai vahaanya pazuoMkI hiMsA karatA hai|(3)smpuurvsy vA hante: arthAt yaha zabda sam upasarga pUrvaka han dhAtuke yogase banA hai| isase 228: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhI siMhake hiMsA kI pravRtti spaSTa hotI hai| (4) saMhAya hanti'18 arthAt vaha apane ko saMkucita karake dUsaroM ko mAratA hai. usake anusAra bhI siMha zabda meM sam + han dhAtukA yoga hai| sabhI nirvacanoMmeM dhAtu kI sthiti vartamAna rahatI hai| DA. varmA ke anusAra yaha nirvacana AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai|128 niruktakI prakriyAke anusAra dvitIya nirvacana upayukta hai jisameM varNa vyatyaya kA sahArA liyA gayA hai|129 zeSa nirvacanoM kA bhI dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra siMha kI hiMsAtmaka prakRtiko spaSTa karatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sic +ka: (sic +ha +ka: = siMha) pratyaya kara yaha zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|130 siMha zabda vIratva guNake calate kAlAntarameM zreSThakA vAcaka ho gayA hai|30 yathA purUSa siMhaH (93) vyAghra :- vyAgha: pazu vizeSa kA vAcaka hai hindI bhASA meM use vAgha kahA jAtA hai| niruktake anusAra vyAghro vyAghrANAta11 arthAt viziSTa ghANa grahaNa karane ke kAraNa vyAghra kahalAtA hai| vyAghra meM ghrANa zakti adhika hotI hai isake anusAra vyAghra zabda meM vi +A +ghrA dhAtu kA yoga hai| vyAghra ko manuSya yA pazuoM kI gaMdha dUra se hI mila jAtI hai| (2) vyAdAya hantIti vA118 arthAt vaha apane zikAra ko pakar3a kara mAratA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM vi+A + hana dhAtakA yoga hai| prathama do upasarga haiM vi.+A- AdAya kA vAcaka hai| donoM nirvacanoM se vyAghra ke hiMsaka pravRti kA spaSTa patA cala jAtA hai| vyAghakI gaNanA hiMsaka pazuoMmeM hotI hai| donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM sarvathA saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra vi + A+ ghA +ka:131 pratyaya kara vyAghra zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| vyAghra zabda vIratvaguNa viziSTake calate zreSTha arthakA vAcaka ho mayA hai- naravyAgha:, purUSa vyAgha: aadi|1310 (94) meghA :- yaha eka dhAraNAtmikA zakti hai| ise kucha aMzamai buddhikI mI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| niruktake anusAra-medhA matI dhIyatepa8 arthAt jise mati meM dhAraNa kiyA jAya use medhA kahate haiN| isa nirvacanake anusAra medhA zabda meM mati+dhA dhAtukA yoga hai| mati+dhA -midhaa-medhaa| mati+dhA meM mati kA ta varNa lopa tathA a +i milakara me + dhaa-medhaa| yAskake samaya meM a + i =e sandhyakSara hogaa| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| saMhitAoMmeM medhA zabdakA vyApaka prayoga prApta hotA hai| medhAkI upAsanApa kara RSigaNa apanI dhAraNA zaktiko bar3hAte the| 229 vyutpati vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ jisase vipula viSayoM ko dhAraNa karanemeM ve samartha hote the|133 vyAkaraNake anusAra medhR dhAtuse asun pratyaya kara medhA zabda vyutpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yAskake nirvacanako saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (95) medhAvI:- isakA artha hotA hai medhA zaktise yukt| niruktake anusAramedhayA tadvAna bhavati118 arthAt medhAse jo yukta hotA hai use medhAvI kahate haiN| isake anusAra medhA +tadvAn artha meM vI medhAvI hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra medhA +vini pratyaya kara medhAvin-medhAvI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|134bhaassaa vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (96) stotA :- isakA artha hotA hai stuti sampAdana karane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra stotA stavanAt arthAt stavana kriyAke kAraNa stotA kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra stocA zabdameM stu stutau dhAtukA yoga hai| stu-tRc-stotR-stotaa| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise stu +tRc125 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (97) yajJa :- isakA artha hotA hai yajana krm| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM.(1) prakhyAtaM yajatiM karmeti nairuktA: arthAt nairukta sampradAyake anusAra prakhyAta yajana karmako yajJa kahate haiN| isake anusAra yajJa zabdameM yaj dhAtukA yoga hai| yAcyo bhavatIti vA arthAt isameM yAcanA hotI hai| isake anusAra yajJa zabda meM yAc dhAtu kA yoga hai| (3) yajurunno bhavati arthAt yaha yajurvedake maMtroMse klinna hotA hai| isake anusAra bhI yajJa zabdameM yajJa dhAtukA yoga hai| (4) vahukRSNAjina ityaupamanyavaH arthAt AcArya aupamanyava kA mata hai ki isameM bahuta kRSNAjinakA upayoga hotA hai| (5) yajUMSyenaM nayantIti vA18 arthAt yajuH mantra ise saphalatA prApta karAte haiN| isake anusAra yajuH se sambandha hone ke kAraNa yajJa mAnA gyaa| sabhI nirvacana arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta haiN| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacanameM dhvanigata zaithilya hai| AcArya aupamanyava nirvacanameM ajinase yajJa mAnA gayA hai| tai. saMhitA meM bhI isI prakAra ajina se yajJakI upalabdhi hotI hai|136 vyAkaraNake anusAra yaj + na13 pratyaya kara yajJa zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| nirukta ke ina nirvacanoMse yajameM kRSNAjina kA prayoga, yajurveda ke mantroM se isakA sampAdana, phalAvApti ke lie yajJa karma Adi kA spaSTa saMketa prApta hotA hai| 230 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (98) Rtvika :- isakA artha hotA hai-yajJa sampAdana karane vAlA purohit| nirukta meM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM-(1) IraNa :118 arthAt yaha yajJakA preraka hotA hai| isake anusAra Rtvik zabda meM Ir yA R dhAtu kA yoga hai|128 Ir dhAtu preraNArthaka hai| (2) RgyaSTA bhavatIti zAkapUNiH arthAt zAkapUNiH ke anusAra yaha RcAoM se yajJa karane vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra Rtvik zabda meM Rc +yaj dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) RtuyAjI bhavatIti vA arthAt118 vaha RtuoMmeM yajJa karatA hai| isake anusAra Rtvik zabdameM Rtu + yaj dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| zeSa donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta haiN| Rtu +yaj se Rtvik zabda mAnane meM AcArya sAyaNakI bhI sahamati hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra Rtu + yaj dhAtuse hI Rtvik mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra Rtu +yaj ke tIna pakSa prApta hote haiM (ka) Rtau yajati - Rtu meM yajJa karatA hai| (kha) RtuM vA yajati - Rtu kA yajana karatA hai| (ga) Rtu-prayukto vA yajati- Rtu ke anusAra yajana-karatA hai|139 (99) kUpa :- isakA artha hotA hai kuaaN| niruktake anusAra-kupAnaM bhavati sAdhana Adi kI apekSA hone se pAnI pInA kaSTa kara hotA hai|140 ataH ku-kutsita +pAnaM se kUpaH mAnA jaaygaa| (2) kupyatervA arthAt yaha zabda krodhArthaka kup dhAtuse banA hai| pipAsita vyaktiko kUpase jala kI prApti nahIM hone para krodha ho jAtA hai|141 dvitIya nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAsupayukta hai| arthAtmaka aucitya saMgata nahIM pratIta hotaa| prathama nirvacana meM ku +pA = kUpa meM dhvanyAtmakatA upayukta hai lekina arthAtmaka dRSTi zithila hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ku zabde dhAtu se paH karane para kUpaH zabda banatA hai|142 / (100) stena :- isakA artha cora hotA hai| niruktake anusAra - saMstyAnamasminpApakamiti nairuktA:118 arthAt nairukta sampradAyake anusAra isa (corI kama) meM pApa ekatra ho jAte haiN|143 isake anusAra stenaH zabda meM styau saMghAte dhAtu kA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra stena caurye dhAtuse ac144 pratyaya kara stenaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (101) nirNItam :- isakA artha hotA hai jisakA nirNaya ho gayA hai| niruktake anusAra nirNiktaM bhavati18 arthAt yaha zuddha hotA hai, vicAra se parimArjita hotA hai| 231: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ isake anusAra isa zabda meM ni +nija dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra niH + nI +kta pratyaya kara ise banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (102) dUram :- isakA artha viprakRSTa hotA hai| nirukta ke anusAra-drutaM bhavati118 arthAt vaha druta yA kAphI dUra taka gayA hotA hai| isake anusAra druta zabda meM drugatau dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) dUrayaM vA118 arthAt kaThinAI se pahuMcA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isameM du: +iNa gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra dur +in , dur +iN- rak uNolopazca145 = dUram banAyA jA sakatA hai| dUram zabda ko dUG paritApe dhAtuse bhI banAyA jA sakatA hai|146 bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise yAskakA prathama nirvacana upayukta hai| (103) purANam :- isakA artha hotA hai- puraanaa| niruktake anusAra purANaM purA navaM bhavati118 arthAt purANa pahale navIna hotA hai| pahale kA navIna hI bAda meM purAnA kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra purANa zabdameM purA evaM nava do pada khaNDa hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| purA prAcInakA vAcaka hai tathA nava kA avaziSTa n| na ko pratyaya bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| prAcIna artha meM purANa kA prayoga laukika saMskRta meM bhI hotA hai|147 vyAkaraNake anusAra purA +aN+ac148 pratyaya kara purANa zabda banAyA jAtA hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra yAska kA nirvacana upayukta hai| (104) navam :- isakA artha hotA hai nviin| niruktake anusAra -AnItaM bhavati118 arthAt abhI lAyA huA hotA hai| isake anusAra navam zabdameM nI prApaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra Nu stutau dhAtuse ap149 pratyaya kara navam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| Agla bhASA meM bhI kiMcit dhvanyantara ke sAtha isI artha meM niu (New) zabda kI upalabdhi hotI hai| (105) prapitve :- isakA artha hotA hai praapt| yAska ne isake nirvacana meM prapatve prApte mAtra kahA hai|118 ye sopasarga saptamyanta pada haiN| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise isa apUrNa mAnA jaaegaa| tva pratyaya mAnA jA sakatA hai| (106) amIke:-isakA artha hotA haiabhyAgatA yAskane isake lie amIke'bhyakte 232 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hI 118 kahA hai| abhIka zabda meM abhi- iN dhAtu kA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| (107) dabhram :- isakA artha hotA hai- alp| niruktake anusAra-dabhram dabhnAteH sudambhaM bhavati118 arthAt dabhra zabda dam dambhane dhAtu se banatA hai kyoMki yaha AsAnI se naSTa ho jAtA hai| dabh dhAtu + rak. = dabhram / dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| arthAtmakatA bhI upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra dambh dambhe dhAtuse rak150 pratyaya kara dabhraMm zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI yaha upayukta hai| (108) armakam :- arbhakam kA artha alpa hotA hai / niruktake anusAra - arbhakamavahRtaM bhavati118 arthAt arbhaka choTA hotA hai| isake anusAra arbhakam zabda meM ava + hR dhAtu kA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| arthAtmaka dRSTi se yaha upayukta hai| lokameM arbhaka kA artha baccA bhI hotA / 151 ise artha saMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai choTe ke artha meM prayukta arbhaka laukika saMskRta meM bAlaka Adi ke artha meM prayukta hone lgaa| yaha artha saMkoca kA pariNAma hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra R gatau152 +ma +kan153 pratyaya kara arbhakaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| - (109) tiras :- isakA artha hotA hai prApta / niruktake anusAra tirastIrNa bhavati118 arthAt vaha dUra taka pAra kara cukA rahatA hai / 154 isake anusAra tiras zabda meM tR plavana saMtaraNayoH dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| laukika saMskRta meM tiras kA artha chipanA evaM tiryak hotA hai / 155 vyAkaraNake anusAra tR plavanataraNayo: dhAtuse asuna 156 pratyaya kara tiras zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI yaha saMgata hai| (110) sataH :- sataH kA artha hotA hai- prApta / niruktake anusAra-sataH saMsRtaM bhavati arthAt sata eka sAtha gayA huA hotA hai / 15deg isake anusAra saMtaH zabda meM sR gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se yaha pUrNa upayukta hai| A (111) tva :- yaha arddha kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra - tvo'patata: 118 arthAt yaha pUrNatayA phailA nahIM hotA hai, AdhA hotA hai| sampUrNase alaga hokara phailA hotA hai / 158 isakeanusAra isameM tan dhAtukA yoga hai| arthAtmaka dRSTise yaha saMgata hai|dhvnyaatmk AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nhiiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra tan+vaH pratyayakara tvaH 233 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| nirukta meM tva nipAta bhI mAnA gayA hai tathA nAma bhI / isake vikAra kA pradarzana bhI niruktameM huA hai / 158ka (112) nema :- yaha arddha kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra -nemo'panIta :118 arthAt yaha pUre meM se vibhAjita karake lAyA gayA hotA hai| isake anusAra nema: zabda meM nI dhAtu kA yoga hai| yaha dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra nI +man pratyaya kara nema: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| ( 113) ardha: :- isakA artha AdhA hotA hai| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiN| (1) haraterviparItasya 118 arthAt hR dhAtu ko viparIta kara ardha zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai-hR-h + R = ha+R-ar = RR ar + hu-dha = ardha: / ha varNa kA ghoSa mahAprANa varNa dha meM bhI parivartana ho gayA hai| (vIrudha Adi) zabdoM meM bhI hakA hI dha huA hai- vIrudh - vi+ruh / ) (2) dhArayatervAsyAt / uddhRtaM bhavati 118 arthAt yaha - dhAri dhAtu se banA hai kyoMki yaha sampUrNa meM se hI uddhRta hotA hai| (3) RdhnotervA syaat| Rddhatamo vibhAga : 118 arthAt yaha zabda Rdh vRddhau dhAtu se banatA hai kyoMki yaha Rddhatama bhAga hotA hai, bar3A bhAga hotA hai, prabhUta vibhAga hotA hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase prathama evaM tRtIya nirvacana upayukta haiN| tRtIya nirvacanameM Rgh vRddhau dhAtukA yoga hai jo pUrNa dhvanyAtmakatA rakhatA hai| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra Rgh vRddhau dhAtu se ghaJ 159 pratyaya kara ardha: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| ( 114) nakSatrANi :- isakA artha hotA hai-tAregaNa / niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM-(1) nakSatrANi nakSatergatikarmaNa: 118 arthAt yaha zabda gatyarthaka nakS dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki ve gamana karate haiM / 60 (2) nemAni kSatrANi iti ca brAhmaNam118 arthAt brAhmaNa granthoM ke anusAra nakSatrANi zabda na + kSatrANi se banA hai| kSatrANi dhanakA vAcaka hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA ye apane prakAza rUpa dhanase prakAzita nahIM hote yA ye kSatra dhana nahIM haiN| isa prakAra ke nirvacana taitirIya brAhmaNa meM bhI prApta hote haiM / 161 prathama nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| DA. varmA ke anusAra yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai / 162 brAhmaNa granthakA nirvacana bhI na + kSatra dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra na + kSad+STran 163 pratyaya kara nakSatra zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| . (115) RkSA :- isakA artha hotA hai tAregaNa / niruktake anusAra RkSA 234 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ udIrNAnIva khyAyante118 arthAt ( kisI ke dvArA ) Upara le jAye gaye se dIkhate haiN| yaha nirvacana dRzyAnukaraNa para AdhArita hai| yAskakA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| pAlI bhASA meM bhI RkSa zabdakI upalabdhi nakSatra ke arthameM hotI hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra RSI gatau +sa: +ka: 164 pratyaya kara RkSa : zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai- (RSati gacchati yA RkSNoti tamaH iti RkSam ) / (116) stRmi :- stR kA artha nakSatra hotA hai| yaha stR zabdake tRtIyA bahubacana kA rUpa hai| isakA artha hogA tAroM se / stR ke nirvacanameM yAskakA abhimata hai-stRbhistIrNAnIva khyAyante 118 arthAt ye AkAza meM phailAye hue se dIkha par3ate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabda meM stR AstaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (117) vamrI :- isakA artha hotA hai- dImaka / niruktake anusAra-vamrayo vamanAt118 arthAt vamrI zabda vam udgIrNe dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki ye jala vamana karate rahate haiM jisase miTTI Ardra ho jAtI hai 165 yA miTTI ugalatI rahatI hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| ise AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para niSpanna mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha saMgata hai| (118) sImikA :- sImikAkA artha hotA hai- dImaka / niruktake anusArasImikA syamanAt118 arthAt sImikA zabda gatyarthaka syam dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki vaha lagAtAra gamana karatI rahatI hai / 166 syam- sIm + kikan = sImikan sImikA / dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra syam zabde dhAtuse kikan 167 pratyaya kara sImikA zabda banAyA jAtA hai| (119) upajihnikA : upajihnikA kA artha hotA hai- dImaka / niruktake anusAra- upajihnikA upajighraya : 118 upajighranti arthAt isameM ghrANa zakti adhika hotI hai| 168 isake anusAra upajihvikA zabda meM upa ghrA dhAtu kA yoga hai| upa + ghA = upajighrI - upajihnivI +kan +TAp = upajihvikA / dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra upagatA jihvA yasyAH sA upajihvA +kan = upajihvikan +TAp = upajihvikA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 235: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (120) Urdaram :- isakA artha hotA hai. annarakhane kA mRtikA pAtra , kotthii| nirukta ke anusAra -(1) UdaramuddINaM bhavati18 arthAt yaha Upara kI aura khulA rahatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM ut +dR vidAraNe dhAtu kA yoga hai (2) Urje dIrNa vA118 arthAt vaha annake lie rahatA hai| koThImeM anna rakhaneke lie chidra hote haiN| isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM U + dR dhAtukA yoga hai| DA. varmA ina nirvacanoM ko asaMgata mAnate haiN|169 lekina donoM hI nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| ataH bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI inheM saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra Urja +dR + al (at vA)170 kara Urdaram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (121) kRdaram :- isakA artha hotA hai anna rakhane kA mRtikA pAtra, kotthii| niruktake anusAra-kRdaraM kRtadaraM bhavati118 arthAt vaha chidra kiyA huA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM kRt +dR vidAraNe dhAtu kA yoga hai| kRt +dR-daram = kRdrm| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra kR-dR-ac171 pratyaya kara kRdaram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha nirvacana saMgata hai| (122) ramma :- yaha daNDa kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-rambha Arabhanta enam118 arthAt vRddha Adi isakA sahArA lete haiN|172 isake anusAra isa zabda meM rabh dhAtu kA yoga hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra rabha dhAtu se ac173 pratyaya (num) kara rambhaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|174 bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha saMgata hai| __ (123) pinAkam :- niruktake anusAraM isakA artha hotA hai dnndd| isake nirvacanameM yAskakA kahanA hai-enena pratipinaSTi118 arthAt isase mArA jAtA hai yA saMcUrNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra pinAka zabdameM-piS saMcUrNane dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| kAlAntarameM pinAka zabda zivadhanuSake artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai|175 bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha arthAdeza kA pariNAma hai| pinahyate iti pinAka:/176 pinAka zabda ziva dhanuSa ke atirikta pAMzu, vRSTi tathA trizUla ko bhI kahate haiN|177 laukika saMskRta meM pinAka zabda arthavistAra ko dyotita karatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra pan stutau dhAtu se Ak itva kara pinAkaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|178 236 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (124) khI :- yaha nArI kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra-striya: styAyaterapatrapaNa karmaNa:118 arthAt yaha zabda lajjArthaka styai dhAtuke yoga se banA hai kyoMki striyAM svabhAva se hI lajjAzIla huA karatI haiN|176 yaha dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta hai| isa nirvacana meM guNa (zIla) kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra styai DUT180 1 DIp181 pratyaya kara strI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| styAyate'syAM garbha: iti strii:| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra bhI ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (125) menA :- menA zabda strI kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra-menA mAnayantyenA:118 arthAt ina striyoM ko puruSa varga sammAna dete haiN| isake anusAra menA zabda meM mAna pUjAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai vyAkaraNa ke anusAra bhI mAn pUjAyAM dhAtu se inac pratyaya kara menA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai-mAnyate pUjyate iti menaa| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra isa nirvacana ko saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (126) gnA :- gnA zabda strI kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra-gnA gacchantaainA:118 arthAta puruSa inake pAsa (maithuna dharma se) jAte haiN|182 isake anusAra gnA zabda meM gam dhAtu kA yoga hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| laukika saMskRta meM isa zabda kA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (127) zepa :- isakA artha hotA hai-puNjnnaaNg| niruktake anusAra-zepa: zapate: spRzati-karmaNa:118 arthAta zepa: zabda zapa sparzane dhAtu se banatA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA-isase strI sparza kI jAtI hai|83 isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| amara koSa ke prasiddha TIkAkAra kSIrasvAmI ne strI yoni ke gharSaNa karane vAle ko zepaH kahA hai|184 vyAkaraNa ke anusAra zI +pa: pratyaya kara zepaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (128) vaitasa :- vaitasa kA artha bhI hotA hai-puNsprjnn| niraMktake anusAra vaitaso vitastaM bhavati118arthAt strI smaraNake pUrva vaha upakSINa rahatA hai|185 isaI. anusAra vaitasaH zabda meM vi+tasu upakSaye dhAtu kA yoga hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra vetasa + aNa pratyaya kara vaitasaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| 237 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAsta
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________________ (129) svasti :- yaha kalyANa kA vAcaka hai- svstiityvinaashinaam|118 isa zabda ke nirvacana meM yAska kA kahanA hai- astirabhipUjitaH su astIti118 arthAt as sattAyAM dhAtu se asti zabda banatA hai| asti abhipUjita kA dyotaka hai su + asti = svasti kA artha hogA acchI sttaatmktaa| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta hai| isake AzIrvAda, maMgala , puNya Adi kaI artha hote haiN|186 vyAkaraNake anusAra su + as + ktic187 pratyaya kara yaha zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| -: saMdarbha saMketa :1. ni.3|2, 2. The Elymologies of Yaska, P.43, 3. kRJo bhAve karmaNi ca manin - unnaa.-4|145,4. punnAmno narakAdyasmAt trAyate pitaraM sutH| tasmAt putra iti proktaH svameva svyNmuvaa|| -manu smR. 9 / 138, ni. 2|11-dr., 5. adhyAdiH - unnaa.4|112 (vAhulakAdyaH), 6. apArNasya apagatArNasya apagatodaka sambandhasya prkuljsy-ni.du.vR..3|1, 7. halA. pR.189,8. saMbhave svajanaduH khakArikA smprdaansmye'rthhaarikaa| yovane'pi khudoSakArikA hArikA hRdayAhArikA pituH|| ai.vA. 13 / 1 / 5 (sA.bhA.), 9. napta neSTutva-uNA. 2 / 95, 10. taM tatra yAputrA yApatikA saarohti| tAMtatrAkSerAghnanti sA rikthaM lbhte| ni 3 / 1, 11. uNA. - 386, 12. pRSodarAdIni yathopadiSTAni-aSTA. 6 / 3 / 109, 13. ni. 319, 98. The correspondence between F in G is not philologically possible (theEtymologies of Yaska), 15. mitadravAditvAt uH-vA. 3 / 2 / 180 smpdaadikvip-vaa.3|3|108, 16. aSTA. 3 / 2 / 75, 17. The Etymologies of Yaska, P.77, 18. vAhulakAnmiH , 19. ijhajAdibhya: vA. 3 / 3 / 108, 20. ama. ko.3|3|142 halAyudha kozaH pR. 316,21.ni.3|2,22.assttaa 4 / 1 / 161, 23.tatsAdRzyamabhAvazca tadanyatvaM tdlptaa| aprAzastyaM virodhazca nArthAH SaD prkiirtitaaH||kaalehaayr saMskRta grAmara -pR.238,24.tenAsunA'surAnasRjat tadasurANAma suratvam -tai.braa.-3|8|2,25.R.-355|19,26.ni.-10|3,27. asuratvam prajJAvatvam ,anavatvamprANavatvaMvA-ni.du.dR.,28.yAskas nirukta-pR.35(rAjavAr3e)29. avestA meM(asuramahat)ahuramajdA varUNa ke lie prayukta hotA hai|vruunn hI usameM zreSTha deva mAne gaye haiN| asura zabda hI avestAmeM ahura ho gayA hai| saMskRtakI sa dhvani 238 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ avestA meM ha ho gayI hai|, 30. aserUran-uNA. 1 / 42, 31. ni. 3 / 1, 32. klAvannagataprANA:-ska. purA. revA. kha. 19, 33. pacAdyac- aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 34. catvAraH varNAH paMcamaH niSAdaiti aupamanyavaH ni. 3 / 2, 35. ni. 312, 36. halazca aSTA. 3.3 / 121, 37. kha gha tha dha bhAM ha :- prAkRta prakA., 38. uNA. 1 / 28 (tula.), 39. aSya. 3 / 1 / 134, 40. Rtanyaji. -uNA. 412, 45. iyamapItarA dyUretasmAdeva-ni. 312,42. bhrAjabhAsa dhurvidyutorji-pRjugrAvastuva: kvip-aSTA. 3 / 2 / 177, 43. aSTA. 3 / 2 / 102, 44. annaM bhakte ta bhukte syAt-medi. 82 / 2, 45. attervA adyate atti ca bhUtAni tasmAdannam-ni. du. vR. 32, 46. The Etomologies of Yaska, p.90, 47. aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 48. sphAyitaMci- uNA. 2 / 13. 49. aSTA. 5 / 2 / 115, 50. halA. . 685 pRSTha, 51. unnaa.-3|43, 52. sa yathA mahAnbahudati varSastadivALUdam-ni. 3 / 2, sa yathA udakabhAvamApadyamAnaH vahurbhavati tadvat ava'damapi dravyaM varSad bahu bhvti| ni.du. vR. 32, 53. The Etymologies of Yaska, p.126, 54. arbudo gasakIle'strI purUSe dazakoTiSu-medi.75/19, 55. mUla vimujAdi: vA. 32 / 5, pRSodarAdiH aSTA 6 / 3 / 109, 56: ayamapItaraH khala etasmAdeva-ni. 32, 57. yo hyaznoti vyApnoti sa AkSANa ityacyute-ni.du.vR. 32, 58. vidyuttaDidbhavatIti zAkapUNiH -ni.3|2, 59.. The Elymologies of Yaska, P40, 60. ni. du. vR. 312, 61. The Etomologies of Yaska, p:111, 62. Rjendra rANA 2128, 63. yAsksa nirukta pR.-33.64. uNisaji. unnaa.3|2,65.ni. 3 / 3, 66. The Etymologies of Yaska, p.110,67. laGghiyonalopazca-uNA. 1 / 29.68. gehe ka:- aSTA 3/1144, 69. igupadhajJAprIkiraH ka:-aSTA. 3 / 1 / 135, 70. zaSpazilpazavyeti- uNA 3128, 71. yathArthakathanaM yazca srvloksukhprdm| tat satyamiti vijJeyamasatyaM tdvipryym|| padma pu. a. 16, 72. apatyam-apatataM bhavati, nAnenapatIti vA-ni. 3 / 1, 73. kiyaMttabahuSu - vA. 3 / 2 / 21, 74. yathA vidhavA mRtabhartRkA kAcitstrI daveramupacarati -ni.du.3.3|3, 75. medinI. 65 / 156 ama. ko. 2 / 6 / 11,76. Phonetically this etymology is very loose but popular. The etymologies of Yaska, p.27,77. TheEtymologies of Yaska, p.66 and 83,78.dhava : priyaH ptirbhrtaa-a.ko.206|35,79.dr.-jrmn saMskRta 239 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ -zabdakoSa (rotha evaM grAsamAna), 80. aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, 81. ama. ko. 2 / 6 / 2, 82. sA hi mizrayatyAtmAnaM puruSeNasAkam-ni du.vR. 33. 83. aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 84. (ka) mahAbhAgyAddevatAyA eka AtmA bahudhA stuuyte| ekasyAtmano'nye devAH pratyaMgAni bhavanti...ni. 7 / 1, (kha) indraM mitraM varuNa magnimAhurathodivyaH sa suparNo grutmaan| ekaM sadviprA bahudhA vadantyagniM yamaM maatrishvaanmaahuH| R. 11164 / 46, (ga) ni. 14 / 1,85. acchedyo'yama dAhyo'ya makledyo'zoSya eva c| nityaH sarvagataH sthANuracalo'yaM snaatnH|| zrImadbha. 2 / 24, 86. api svayaM manuSyajAra evAbhipretaH syAt-ni 3 / 3, 87. ama.ko. 2 / 6 / 29, 88.bhrAtA svasrAsAkaM vAlye nityameva carati ni.du.vR. 3 / 3, 89. ni. 113, 90. ni. 11 / 3, 91. sAvase: uNA. 2 / 96, 92. ni. 4 / 2, 93. kra. 10 / 151 / 1, 94. ni. 9 / 3, 95. bhagaM zrIyonivIryecchA jJAnavairAgya kiirtissu| mAhAtmyaizvarya yatneSu dharme mokSe'tha nA rvau|| medi. ko. 22 / 12, 96. puMsi:aSTA. 33118, sanoghaca-aSTA. 3 / 3 / 125, 97. te rAtryAM bhUtAyAM prshuunnaapshyn| sAvanna vai pazyantIti-pA. tantra. 5 / 9,98. sa (agnikumAra:) etAnpaMca pazUnapazyatpuruSama, azvaM, gAma avima, ajm| yadapazyattasmAdete pazava:- sh.baa.62|1|2, 99. uNA. 1:28, 100. a.saM. 11 / 2 / 9, 101 ka. AhAra nidrA bhaya maithunaMca samAnametat pazubhirnarANAm-hito., 101. tatsAdRzyamabhAvazca tadanyatvaM tadalpatA aprAzastyaM virodhazca nArthAH SaTprakIrtitA: kA.hA.saM.grA.pR.-238, 102. vRSAdibhyazca-uNA. 1|106.103.anyebhyo'pi-vaa.3|2|10, 104. aSTA. 3 / 2 / 3, 105. praskaNvaharizcandrAvRSI-aSTA. 6 / 1 / 153, 106. prajApatinA kila zukra mAtmIyamAdAyAgnau hutaM tato'rciSi jvAlAyAM bhRgurnAmamaharSiH sambabhUva-ni.du.vR. 3 / 3, 107. prathimradibhrasjAM samprasAraNaM salopazca-uNA. 1 / 28 nyaGkvAditvAt kutvam-aSTA. 7 / 3 / 53, 108. bhRguH sAno jmdgniprpaatyoH| zukrerudre c....haim:2|41, 109. vyapagate'rciSi aMgAreSu ya: samvUbhava so'girAnAmAbhavat-ni. du.vR. 3 / 3110. R.5|11|6 (dra.), 111. R. 1 / 139 / 9 (dra.), 112. aMgi madimandibhyaH Aran-uNA. 3 / 134, 113. marIciratryaMgiraso pulastyaH pulahaH krtuH| brahmaNo mAnasAH putrA vaziSThazceti sapta te|| a.ko. 1 / 3 / 27 (rAmAzrAmI TI.) dra., 114. utpanne dvitIye'treva kuNDe tRtIyamRcchateti yamuddizyo curbhRgvAdayaH so'triH ni. du. vR. 3 / 3, 115. khanyatAmetadagnisthAnaM caturtho'pyatra 240 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ tu= sktu| vikasito bhavati5 arthAt saktu meM jala milAne para usakA adhika vikAsa hotA hai| zac samavAye dhAtuse saktu mAnanA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTi se upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se prathama nirvacana upayukta hai| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra saMj dhAtuse tun pratyaya kara (kicca) saktu zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (39) bhadram :- yaha kalyANakA vAcaka hai| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiN| (1) bhadraM bhagena vyaakhyaatm| bhajanIyaM bhUtAnAmabhidravaNIyam68 arthAt bhadram zabdakI vyAkhyA bhagake hI samAna hai| bhadra zabdameM bhaj dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki yaha sabhI prANiyoM ke dvArA prApaNIya hai| (2) bhavadramayatItivA arthAt yaha svayaM hotA huA sabhI ko Anandita karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM bhU + ram dhAtu kA yoga hai| (3) bhAjanavadvA65 arthAt yaha supAtra yukta hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM lAn +vat kA ra pratyaya bhaj +ra =bhaj bhadra prApta hotA hai| yAska ke prathama nirvacana meM bhaj evaM bhU + dru dhAtu kA saMketa hai| dvitIya meM bhU + ram evaM tRtIya meM bhaj +(vat) ra kA saMketa hai| uparyukta sabhI nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise apUrNa hai| saboMkA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| yAska niruktake ekAdaza adhyAyaMke dvitIya pAdameM yajurveda ke 19/50 mantra kI vyAkhyA meM bhadra kA artha bhandanIya karate haiN|69 isa AdhAra para bhadra zabdameM bhadi kalyANe dhAtukA yoga spaSTa hotA hai| yAskakI yaha vyAkhyA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhadi kalyANe dhAtu se rama70 pratyaya kara ise niSpAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai| (40) lakSmI :- isakA artha zrI: hotA hai| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM :- (1) lakSmIlAbhAdvA arthAt lakSmIke Agamanase lAbha hotA hai yA sabhI cIja prApta ho jAtI hai| lakSmI prApta kI jAtI hai| isake anusAra lakSmI : zabda meM labha prApaNe dhAtu kA yoga hai| (2) lakSaNAdvA65 arthAt yaha sabase lakSita hai, dRzya hai| isake anusAra lakSmI: zabdameM lakS dhAtu kA yoga hai| (3) lAJchanAdvA arthAt vaha dRzya hotI hai| isake anusAra isameM lAMch dhAtu kA yoga hai| (4) laSatesyiAt prepsAkarmaNaH arthAt yaha saboM kI icchAkA viSaya hai yA sabhI ise cAhate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM icchArthaka laS dhAtu kA yoga hai| (5) lagyatervA syAdAzleSa karmaNaH arthAt yaha sabhI ko AliMgana karatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM AzleSArthaka lag dhAtu kA yoga hai| (6) lajjatervA 257 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ syAdazlAghAkarmaNa:65 arthAt lakSmIvAna azlAghI hote haiM, lajjAzIla hote haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM azlAghArthaka (lajjArthaka) lasj dhAtukA yoga hai| uparyukta nirvacanoMse spaSTa hai ki yAskane lakSmI: zabdameM lama, lakSaH, lAMchi, laS, lag, evaM lasja cha dhAtuoM kI saMbhAvanA kI hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| vibhinna arthopalabdhi ke lie itane prakAra ke nirvacana kie gae haiN| ina nirvacanoMse lakSmI evaM lakSmIvAn kA prakRtigata yA guNagata svarUpa spaSTa hotA hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra para lakSa, lag yA laS dhAtuse lakSmIH zabda upayukta hai| phalataH bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra yAska kA dvitIya, caturtha evaM paMcama nirvacana saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra lakS darzanAzaMkayoH dhAtu se muT+ I pratyaya72 kara lakSmIH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (41) mandU.:- yaha prathamA dvivacana kA rUpa hai| yaha zabda indra tathA marudgaNa ke vizeSaNake rUpameM prayukta huA hai| niruktake anusAra -mandU madiSNU5 arthAt sadA prasanna rahane vAlA yA harSita rahane vAlA indra evaM mrudgnn| isake anusAra mandU zabda meM mad dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| (42) Inti :- isakA artha hotA hai vistRta antavAlA divyAzvA niruktake anusAra (1) irmAntAH samIratAntAH, susamIritAntAH arthAt samIrita yA susamIrita anta vaalaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM Ir kSepe dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) pRthavantAvA5 arthAt jisakA anta bhAga sthUla yA pRthu ho| azvakA anta mAga sthUla hotA hai| antima nirvacana meM mAtra artha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra Ir dhAtuse mak pratyaya kara inti zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (43) silikamadhyama :- isakA artha hotA hai jisakA madhya mAga saMzliSTa hai| yAskane isake do nirvacana prastuta kie -(1) saMsRta madhyamA65arthAt paraspara saMzliSTa madhyabhAga vaalaa| isake anusAra isameM sam-sRgatau dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) zIrSamadhyamA arthAt jisakA madhyama hI mukhya ho| yaha sUryake azvakA vizeSaNa hai| donoM nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| dvitIya nirvacana adhika spaSTa hai| (44) zira :- yaha Aditya evaM mastakakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra -zira Adityo bhvti| yadanuzete sarvANi bhUtAniAmadhye caiSAM tiSThati5 arthAt Aditya vAcaka cirakA artha hogA jo sabhI prANiyoMmeM anu zayana karatA hai tathAsamIke bIcameM sthita hai| 258: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ mastakakA vAcaka zira bhI isI prakAra banatA hai- idamapItaracchira etasmAdeva, samAzritAnyetadindriyANi bhavanti / arthAt mastaka vAcaka zira para sabhI indriyAM Azrita rahatI hai| sabhI indriyoM kA saMcAlana kendra mastiSkameM hI hotA hai| Aditya vAcaka ziraH zabdake nirvacanameM zIG zayane dhAtukA yoga hai tathA mastaka vAcaka ziraH meM zriJ sevAyAm dhAtukA yoga hai| mastaka artha meM pratipAdita nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| ise bhASA vijJAnake anusAra saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| Adityake arthameM pratipAdita nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNa se zithila hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra zriJ sevAyAm dhAtuse asuna73 pratyaya kara ziraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (zrIyate uSNISAdinA ) laukika saMskRta meM ziraH zabda pradhAna, samagra, zikhara tathA mastaka ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / 74 (45) zUra :- zUra : kA artha hotA hai vIra / niruktake anusAra zUraH zavate rgatikarmaNa: 65 arthAt zUraH zabda gatyarthaka zu dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai / prakRta meM zUra AdityakA vAcaka hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra zUraH kA artha hogA gtiyukt| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| zu dhAtuse niSpanna zavati kriyA kA prayoga gamana ke artha meM kamboja dezameM prayukta hotA hai| zavati kriyA meM zav gataukA yoga bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| lekina zUraH zabdameM zu gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| zav kriyAse banA saMjJA pada Arya dezoMmeM prayukta hotA hai|75 zUraH zabdakA prayoga vIrake artha meM sarvatra hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zUr vikrAntau dhAtuse ac06 pratyaya kara zUraH banAyA jA sakatA hai| zUraH zabdako zu dhAtuse kran pratyaya kara bhI banAyA jA sakatA hai| gamana se yukta hone ke kAraNa Aditya ke lie zUraH zabda kA prayoga huA hai| (46) divyA :- isakA artha hotA hai divya lokameM utpanna! niruktake anusAra divyA divijA:65 arthAt dina meM utpanna hone vAlA divyA kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra divyA zabda meM div + Nyat pratyayakA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra div +yatRdivyaH divyAH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (47) atyA :- isakA artha hotA hai gamana shiil| yaha bahubacana kA rUpa hai| niruktake anusAra-atyA atanA : 65 arthAt atyA zabdameM at sAtatyagamane dhAtukA yoga hai|prkRtmeN haMsake vizeSaNake rUpameM atyA prayukta huA hai kyoMki ye gamanazIla hote 259 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ haiN| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra at + Nyat pratyayakara atya: atyA: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (48) haMsa :- haMsa zabda sUrya evaM pakSI vizeSakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra haMso hantejantyadhvAnam65 arthAt haMsa zabda meM han gatau dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki yaha mArga gamana karatA hai| sUrya evaM haMsa pakSI donoM mArga gamana karate haiN| han dhAtuse haMsa mAnane meM sa varNa kA Agama mAnA gayA hai jo nirvacana prakriyA ke anukUla hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM asmika AdhAra upayukta hai| yaha AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para pUrNa rUpa se AdhArita hai|79 vyAkaraNake anusAra han hiMsAgatyau dhAtu se ac80 pratyaya kara haMsaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhAropIya parivAra kI anya bhASAoM meM bhI kiMcit dhvanyantarake sAtha yaha zabda surakSita hai-grIka-Khen, gAthika-gans, aMgrejI goose . bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yAskakA nirvacana upayukta hai| (49) zreNi :- yaha paMkti yA katArakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra -zreNiH zrayate:65 arthAt zreNiH zabda zriJ sevAyAM dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| samAzritA bhvnti| arthAt eka dUsare ke Azraya lie hote haiM yA eka dUsare ke Azrita hote haiN| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra zrinu sevAyA dhAtuse niH pratyaya kara zreNi zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|81 (50) kAyamAna :- isakA artha hotA hai dekhatA huA yA cAhatA huaa| niruktake anusAra- kAyamAnazcAyamAnaH kAmayamAna5 iti| kAyamAna zabda ko cAyamAna ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai isake anusAra isameM cAya darzane dhAtukA yoga hai| kAmayamAna: ke anusAra kAyamAna zabda meM kAmay dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaaegaa| kAmaya dhAtu icchArthaka hai| yaha nirvacana bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTise pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| (51) lodham :- isakA artha hotA hai lubdh| niruktake anusAra-lodhaM lubdhamRSi65 arthAt lubdha RSi ko| ise kisI RSikA nAma bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| durgavRttike anusAra-tapasyA kA laya nahIM ho isa lobha meM sthita RSi ko lodha kahA gayA hai|82 vaha nirvacana anavagata saMskArakA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| (52) zIram :- yaha agnikA vAcaka hai jo vyApaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) zIram anuzAyinamitivA65 arthAt jo sabhI prANiyoMmeM (jaTharAnala meM) vyApta hai| yA 260 : vyutpani vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zayana karatA hai| isake anusAra zIram zabdarma zIG svapne dhAtukA yoga hai| 2 Azinamiti vA arthAt jo sabhI meM vyApta ho| isake anusAra isa zabda meM azu vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| donoM nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| prathama nirvacanako dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise bhI upayukta mAnA jA sakatA hai| dvitIya nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra zIG + rak pratyaya kara zIram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (53) kanyA :- isakA artha hotA hai- kumArI ldd'kii| nirukta meM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM- (1) kanyA kamanIyA bhavati arthAt kanyA kamanIya hotI hai| sundara hotI hai| isake anusAra kanyA zabda meM kamu kAntau dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) kveyaM netavyetivA arthAt ise kahAM le jAnA cAhie (isakA vivAha kahAM karanA cAhie isakI cintA mAtA pitA ko sadA banI rahatI hai|) isake anusAra kanyA zabdameM kva +NIJ prApaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) kamanenAnIyata iti vA arthAt vaha varake dvArA lAyI jAtI hai yA cAhane vAleke dvArA lAyI jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kam +A +NIJ dhAtukA yoga hai| kam +NIJ = knyaa| (4) kanatervA syAt kAntikarmaNa:65 arthAt kAntyarthaka kan dhAtuse yaha zabda banatA hai kyoMki vaha sundarI hotI hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase aMtima nirvacana sarvathA saMgata hai| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vedameM kanyA zabdake lie kanInakA83 tathA kanI84 zabda kI bhI upalabdhi hotI hai isameM kanI zabda kanyA zabda kI prakRti mAlUma par3atA hai kan - knyaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra kan / yat +TAp = kanyA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|85 (54) dAru :- yaha kASTha yA lakar3I kA vAcaka hai| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiN| (1) dAru dRNAteH arthAt dAru zabda dR vidAraNe dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha vidArita hotA hai yA phAr3A jAtA hai| (2) druNAtervA athavA dAru zabda dru hiMsAyAM dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki ise kATA jAtA hai| (3) tasmAdeva dra5 arthAt dru bhI usI dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra prathama nirvacana upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra dR vidAraNe dhAtuse truN6 pratyaya kara dAru zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (55) tugva :- yaha tIrtha kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra tugva tIrthaM bhvti| 260 nyutpati jAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ tUrNametadAyAntiH5 arthAt isa para manuSya jaldI-jaldI Ate rahate haiN| isake anusAra tumva zabda meM tur gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se yaha nirvacana pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA saMgata hai| (56) naMsante :- yAska isakA artha hI prastuta karate haiN| isakA artha hotA hai praNAma karate haiN| isakA nirvacana prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA hai| (57) Ahanasa :- isakA artha hotA hai vaMcaka yA smmohk| niruktake anusAra AhanasaH AhanavantaH vaMcanavanta:65 arthAt AhanavantaH zabda meM A +han dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| .. (58) zunthyu :- yaha AdityakA vAcaka hai| niyatake anusAra (1) zundhyurAdityo bhvti| zodhanAtaH5 arthAt zundhyuH zabdameM zundha zuddhau dhAtukA yoga hai| isake anusAra sundhyuH jagat ko zuddha karane vAlA hai| (2) zakunirapi zundhyurUcyate zodhanAdeva65 arthAt pakSIko bhI zundhyu kahate haiN| zuddha karane ke kAraNa hI pakSI ko zundhyu kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra bhI isameM zundha zuddhau dhAtukA yoga hai| udakacarobhavati arthAt udakmeM calane vAlA yA udakake Upara calane vAlA hotA hai| udakacara pakSI se jalameM rahane vAle pakSIkA bodha hotA hai| (3) Apo'pi zundhyava ucyante zodhanAdeva' arthAt jalako bhI sundhyu kahate haiM kyoMki yaha bhI zuddha karatA hai yA pavitra kara detA hai| sUrya, pakSI evaM jala tInoMke lie zundhyu zabdakA prayoga hotA hai| ye tInoM hI pavitra karane vAle yA zuddha karane pAle haiN| ina nirvacanoMse spaSTa hai ki tInoM hI se vAtAvaraNa zuddha evaM pavitra banatA hai| ye nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta haiN| karma sAdRzyake AdhAra para hI yaha zabda tIna arthoM kA vAcaka hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (59) vakSa :- isakA artha hotA hai-chaatii| niruktake anusAra adhyUDhaM kAye65 arthAt vaha zarIra para adhyUr3ha hotA hai yA car3hA hotA hai| isake anusAra vakSas zabdameM vaha dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise vakSa saMghAte +asuna87 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| (60) nodhA :- yaha RSi kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra nodhA Rssi-rbhvti| 262 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ navanaM dadhAnA athAta vaha stuni dhAraNa karatA hai| isaka ansAra nAkA pAlana +dhA dhAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai nava + dhA - nodhaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra nu + dhuTa - as pratyaya kara nodhas zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (61) admasat :- isakA artha hotA hai- annasAdhikA strI, anna prApta karane vAlI mAtA yA strii| nirukta ke anusAra - adyAnnaM bhavati - adyasAdinIti vA adya annakA vAcaka hai| jo anna para baiThe use adma sAdinI kahA jaaegaa| isake anusAra adyasat zabda meM adya saddhAtukA yoga hai| admasAninItivA5 arthAt anna bAMTane vAlI, jo ghara vAloM ko bhojana deN| gRha patnIke arthameM yaha upayukta hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM adma + san sambhaktau dhAtukA yoga hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra para donoM nirvacacana upayukta haiN| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa saMgata hai| prathama nirvacanakI artha saMgatimeM anna prApta karAne vAlI strIkA artha vivakSita hai| donoM hI nirvacana gRhapatnIkA vAcaka hai| prathama nirvacana bhASAvijJAnakI dRSTi se upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| (62) iSmiNa :- isakA artha hotA hai gtishiil| niruktake anusAra (1) ISaNina:65 arthAt jAne vaale| isake anusAra isa zabdameM iS gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) vaiSaNina itivA arthAt cAhane vaale| isake anusAra isa zabda meM iS icchAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) vArSaNina itivA65 arthAt dekhane vaale| isake anusAra isa zabda meM darzanArthaka RS dhAtukA yoga hai| iSmiNa: marutoMse sambandha rakhatA hai| marutoMkA sambandha pramukha rUpase AMdhI tUphAnase hai ataH ye vegavAna (ISaNinaH) haiN| ye varSA se pUrva kI sthiti lAnemeM pramukha rUpase sahAyaka hote haiM ataH varSAkI icchAse yukta (eSaNinaH) hai| tUphAna lAneke viziSTa jJAnase yukta honeke kAraNa arSaNinaH bhI haiN|88 prathama donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra iS +mak =iSma iSmiNaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| prathama donoM nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake anusAra saMgata haiN| (63) vAzI :- yaha vANI kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra vAzItivAG nAma vAzyata iti satyA:65 arthAt isase zabda kiyA jAtA hai| isake anusAra vAzI zabda meM vAz zabde dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| yAska Age cala kara isI adhyAya meM vAzIbhiH kA artha vAgbhiH karate haiM jisa se bhI spaSTa hotA 263 * vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai ki vAzI zabdameM vAz dhAtukA yoga hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (64) vAha :- niruktameM vAhaH zabdakA nirvacana stutike arthameM huA hai| (1) vAhaH abhivahana stutim arthAt devatAoMkI stutimeM prayukta RcAeM yA devatAoMke AhvAnake lie prayukta stuti| isake anusAra vAhaH zabdameM vaha prApaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) abhiSavaNa pravAdAM stuti85 arthAt amiSakama ke lie prayukta stuti vAhaH kahalAtI hai| vedoMmeM isakA prayoga do rUpoMmeM prApta hotA hai| uttara padake rUpameM isakA prayoga stuti tathA vahana karanA arthameM huA hai.9 tathA svataMtra rUpameM isakA prayoga stutike arthmeN|90 yAskane vAhaH kA prayoga stutike arthameM hI kiyA hai| uparyukta nirvacana karmakANDakI dRSTi se do arthoM meM kiyA gayA hai| prathama abhivahana stutike arthameM tathA dvitIya abhiSavaNa stutike arthameM vAhaH vyutpanna hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| dvitIya nirvacanakA mAtra arthAtmaka mahatva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vaha prApaNe ra ghaJ11 pratyaya kara yA vAh prayatneaca92 pratyaya kara vAhaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| koSa granthoM ke anusAra vAhaH zabda bhujA, mAnabheda, azva, vRSa, vAyu Adi ke lie prayukta hotA hai| stutike arthameM vAhaH zabdakA prayoga laukika saMskRta meM nahIM prApta hotaa| __ (65) suvite :- yaha anekArthaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) suvite su ite arthAt acchA gamana vaalaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM su +iNa gatau dhAtukA yoMga hai| (2) sate arthAt paidA karatI hai| isake anusAra yaha zabda sU prANigarbha vimocane dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| sugate prajAyAmiti vA94 arthAt su+jhA gatau dhAtuse suvite mAnane para isakA artha hogA gamana karatA hai tathA sU prANigarbha vimAcane dhAtuse suvite zabda mAnane para isakA artha hogA prajAoMko utpanna karatA hai|5 dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| prathama nirvacanakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai lekina dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nhiiN| suvite zabdakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| sUteke anusAra sU dhAtuse chAndasa iDAgama kara suvite zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (66) dayate :- dayate zabda anekArthaka hai| isameM day dhAtukA yoga hai| yAska dayate kA nirvacana prastuta nahIM kara day dhAtuke vibhinna arthoM meM prayogakA pradarzana karate 264 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ haiN| suvite (ni. 4 / 58) ke samAna isakA nirvacana nahIM kara mAtra isake vibhinna arthoM ko dikhAte haiN| day dhAtu rakSA, 96 dAna97 vibhAga 98, jalAnA 99, hiMsA900 aura gati101 arthoMmeM prayukta hotA hai| laukika saMskRtameM bhI day dhAtu ke ve hI artha surakSita haiN| vaha (dAnagatirakSaNahiMsA dAneSu) dAna, gati rakSA, hiMsA evaM dAna (vibhAga) arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| * (67) nUcit : yaha eka nipAta hai / yAska isakA artha karate haiM - prAcIna aura nviin| nUciditi nipAtaH purANanathayo : nUceti / 94 nU ca bhI nipAta hai tathA nUcit ke samAna hI artha dhAraNa karatA hai| yAska nipAtoMkA artha hI spaSTa karate haiM evaM usa arthameM usake prayogakA pradarzana karate haiN| vedoMmeM donoM kA prayoga inhIM arthoM meM prApta hotA hai| laukika saMskRtameM bhI yaha nipAta AMzika rUpameM pracalita hai| nUcit do nipAtoM kA samudAya hai| nipAtasamudAyakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM bhI hotA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| (68) rayi: :- rayiH dhanakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - rayiriti dhananAma rAterdAna karmaNa:94 arthAt rayiH zabda rA dAne dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isakA dAna kiyA jAtA hai (eka dUsare ko diyA jAtA hai| dhana kI prathamagati dAna hI abhipreta hai| 102 isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha saMgata hai / laukika saMskRtameM bhI isakA prayoga isI artha meM prApta hotA hai903 vaidika kAlameM yAskake samayameM loga dhanakA upayoga dAna karanemeM karate the, isa nirvacana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ray in pratyaya kara rayiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (69) akUpAra :- yaha anekArthaka hai| niruktameM kaI arthoM meM isake nirvacana prApta haiM :- (1) Adityo'pyakUpAra ucyate / akUpArI bhavati dUrapAra : 194 arthAt Adityako bhI akUpAra kahA jAtA hai| akUpArakA artha hotA hai- dUrapAra / sUrya sUryodaya se sUryAsta taka bar3A rAstA taya karatA hai ataH dUrapAra hone ke kAraNa Aditya ko akUpAra kahA gayA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM a+ ku + paraN kA yoga hai| a naJartha hai tathA ku kutsitakA vAcaka hai| jisakA kutsita mArga nahIM hai yA kutsita gamana nahIM hai vaha sundara mArga vAlA akUpAra kahalAtA hai| (2) samudro'pyakUpAra ucyate akUpAro bhavati mahApAra : 94 arthAt samudra ko bhI akUpAra kahA jAtA hai kyoMki samudra mahApAra vAlA hotA hai, vistIrNa pAra 265 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ :- = - ---:-- (akutsita - 5 kaTTA - yAra hai| . ucagAyakala ucyte||14 apAro na yamacchanIti 9H jyAMta kaccha ko mI akayAra ka jAtA hai kyoMki vaha kUpa para jAnA pasanda nahIM karanA hai| ka jala hone kAraNa kaccha- nada. yA samudra ho rahanA pasanda karatA hai| isa nirvacana anusAra na--kRpana cmatI dhAtula yoga hai| prathama evaM tRtIya nirdacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM sthAnaka aAdhAra upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacana aspaSTa hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra a + ku+ pR + Upapratyaya kara ise banAyA jA sakatA hai| athavA na a kUpa +Rgatau aNa-akUmAraH banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM samudra evaM mahAkacchapake arthama akUmAsvA prayoga milatA hai sAdRzyake AdhAra para akUpAra vibhinna ayokA kAcaka ho gyaa| (70) kacchama :-isako artha hotA hai kchuaa| niruktake anusAra (1) kacchaM pAtIti arthAt vaha apane kaccha (mukhamASa) kI khA karatA hai. isake anusAra kacchA pAkhaNe chAtuse yaha zabda nipanahetA hai| (2) kacchena pAtIti vAra4 arthAt vaha apane kaccha kUrma kapaTa se apane aMgoM kI khA karatA hai| isake anusAra mI kacchapa zabda meM kaccha pA rakSaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) kacchena pivatItivAra arthAt vaha kaccha mukha mANase pItA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kaccha pA pAne dhAtukA yoga hai| samaya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase saMgata haiN| kaccha yahAM tIna AyoM ko chovita karatA hai| kaccha kramaza: mukha, kamaTha tyA mukha kA dyotaka hai| yA dhyAna mI sthA evaM pAna do arthoM meM prayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra kaccha+ pA +ka: pratyaya kara kacchapaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise sardA saMpata mAnA jaaegaa| (1) kaccha:- yaha zabda mI anekArthaka hai| niruktameM yaha mukha, kamaTha tathA nadI kinArA ke arthameM vivecita hai|kcch:,khcchHkhcchdH arthAta kacchazabdakhaccha yA khakadrase banA hai| khaccha isalie kahA jAtA hai kyoMki vaha AkAza se AcchAdita hai| sena chAcate khaccha: kaccha va saha kaccha AkAza ko AcchAdita skhatA haisamAkAzaM padayAtipaya kha+chaTsacchada - kaccha,kha kA ka - (mahalANa kA alpa prANa meM privrtn)| kinArAkA vAcaka kaccha zabdamI isI prakAra banatA hai ayamapItarI nadI kaccha etasmAdevAkamudakam tena chAyo arthAt nadIkA kinArA vAcaka kaccha kam +muddhAtuke borase banA hai kyoMki vaha jalase AcchAdita rahatA haikhicchaH evaM 266 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yaska
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________________ khacchadaH se kaccha meM kha + chad dhAtukA yoga hai inameM varNa parivartana huA hai nadIkA kinArA vAcaka kaccha zabdameM ka + chad dhAtu kA yoga hai| yaha dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| prathama do arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiM tathA dhvanyAtmaka zaithilyase yukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra ka +cho chedane+ka : 110 pratyaya kara kaccha: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai athavA kra+cha+r3a se bhI kaccha zabda banAyAjA sakatA hai. ( 72 ) zizIte :- isakA artha hotA hai tIkSNa rakhatA hai| niruktameM nizyati94 kaha kara ise spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| nizyati kA bhI artha hotA hai tIkSNa karatA hai| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| isase dhAtu AdikA pUrNa patA nahIM cltaa| yAskane bhI ise anavagata saMskAra ke zabdoMmeM parigaNita kiyA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise apUrNa mAnA jaaegaa| (73) rakSa: :- rakSaH kA artha hotA hai-rAkSasa / niruktake anusAra- rakSaH rakSitavyamasmAt arthAt isase apanI rakSA karanI par3atI hai| isake anusAra rakSaH zabda meM rakS pAlane dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) rahasi kSaNotIti vA94 arthAt vaha ekAntameM mAratA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM rahas1/2 kSaN hiMsAyAm dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) rAtrau nakSata itivA arthAt vaha rAtri meM gamana karatA hai / 111 isake anusAra rakSa: zabda meM rAtrau ra + nakS gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| zeSa donoM nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNa se antima donoM apUrNa haiN| brAhmaNa granthoM meM bhI rakS dhAtuse hI rakSa: kA nirvacana prApta hotA hai / 112 vyAkaraNa ke anusAra rakS pAlane +asun113 pratyaya kara rakSaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM bhI isI artha meM RkSaH zabdakA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| (74) sutuka isakA artha hotA hai acchI gati vAlA / niruktake anusArasutukaH sutukana: 94 su suSThu kA vAcaka hai tathA luka gamana kA / 114 yaha anavagata saMskArakA zabda hai| yaha aspaSTa hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise apUrNa mAnA jaaegaa| tukakA artha santAna karane para sutukaH kA artha hogA acchI santAna vaalaa| prakRtameM sutuka: agnike vizeSaNake rUpameM prayukta hai| (75) suprAyaNAH - isakA artha hotA hai-sundara gamana vAlA / yAskane isa anavagata saMskAra vAle padakA mAtra artha spaSTa kiyA hai| isakA ve nirvacana nahIM prastuta 267 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ krte| suprAyaNA: supragamanA:94 suprAyaNAH zabda meM su+pra+ay gatau dhAtukA yoga spaSTa hai| nirvacana prakriyA evaM bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha nirvacana apUrNa hai| (76) aprAyuva :- isakA artha hotA hai pramAda rhit| niruktake anusAra . apraayuvo'prmaadyntH|94 yAska aprAyuvaH kA bhI mAtra artha spaSTa karate haiN| aprAyuvaH zabda meM a+pra +A + yu dhAtukA yoga pratIta hotA hai| apramAdyantaH se hI aprAyuva: kA artha yAska spaSTa karate haiN| nirvacana prakriyAke anusAra evaM bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ise apUrNa mAnA jaaegaa| (77) cyavana :- yaha RSi kA vAcaka hai| mantra draSTA RSi kahe jAte hai| niruktake anusAra cyavana Rssirbhvti| cyAvayitA stomAnAm14 arthAt vaha mantroM (stomoM) kA cyAvayitA prakAzaka hai yA saMgraha karane vAlA hai| cyavana eka RSikA bhI nAma hai jisakA vedoM meM cyavAna rUpa prApta hotA hai|115 cyAvayitA stomAnAm ke AdhAra para cyavana zabda meM cyu gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA AdhAra aitihAsika hai| brAhmaNa granthoM meM cyavana zabda RSi vizeSake lie prayukta huA hai|116 yaha nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| uparyukta nirvacanake AdhAra para cyavanako vaidika RSi vizeSa mAnA jaaegaa| (78) yuvA :- isakA artha hotA hai jvaan| niruktake anusAra-yuvA prayauti karmANi14 arthAt jo kAryoM kA sampAdana karatA hai yA karmoM ko mizrita karatA hai| isake AdhAra para yuvA zabdameM yu mizraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra yu mizraNe dhAtuse kanin pratyaya kara yuvan yuvA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (79) nakSati :- yaha kriyA pada hai| yaha karoti karma vAle takS dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai. takSatiH karotikarmA54 yAska takSati kriyAkA prakRta sambandhameM artha spaSTa karanA hI apanA uddezya samajhate haiN| takS dhAtuse takSati dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| ise pUrNa nirvacana nahIM kaha kara dhAtu saMketa kahA jA sakatA hai| (80) raja :- yaha anekArthaka hai| isakA artha- prakAza,jala, loka, rakta tathA dina hotA hai|118 niruktake anusAra-rajo rajate:94 arthAt yaha zabda gatyarthaka raj dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai jo nighaNTu paThita hai| rajaH zabdake samI arthoMmeM gati vidyamAna 268: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra-raj +asun119 = rajas zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| durgAcArya ne raMja se raja kI vyutpatti mAnakara apane prakAza se dravyoM ko prakAzita karane ke kAraNa sja kA artha prakAza kiyA hai| isI prakAra apane snigdhaguNase anuraMjita karane ke kAraNa jala ko raja, tathA prANiyoM ke unameM 'anurakta hone ke kAraNa lokako sja kahA hai|120 lokameM Artava , parAga, reNu, guNa Adi ke arthameM rajaH kA prayoga hotA hai| (81) hara :- yaha zabda anekArthaka hai| jyotiH, udaka, loka, rakta evaM dina haraH kahe jAte haiN|121 niruktake anusAra - harI harate 4 arthAt haraH zabda hRJ haraNe dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| jyotiko hara isalie kahA jAtA hai kyoMki yaha andhakAra ko haraNa karatI hai| udakako hara isalie kahate haiM kyoMki vyakti use haraNa karatA hai loka ko hara isalie kahA jAtA hai kyoMki loka kSINa puNya mayoM ko svarga se haraNa karatA hai| rUdhira ko hara isalie kahate haiM kyoMki vaha kSINatA kA haraNa karatA hai122 tathA dimako hara isalie kahate haiM kyoMki vaha andhakArakA haraNa karatA hai| hRharaNe dhAsu se hara: zabda mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka saMmati upayukta rahatI hai| aneka arthoM meM isakA prayoga guNasAmya yA kriyA sAmya ke kAraNa huA hai| ise AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita mAnA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra hRJ haraNe dhAtuse ac123 pratyaya kara haraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (82) juhare :- yaha anavagata saMskAra vAlA pada hai| isakA artha hotA hai yajJa karatA hai| niruktake anusAra-juhure khuhivare4 arthAt juhure zabda meM hudhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana spaSTa hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| nirvacanakI prakriyA se ise apUrNa mAnA jaaegaa| (83) vyanta :- yaha amekArthaka hai| yAska vyanta ke aneka arthoM meM mAtra prayogakA pradarzana karate haiN| yaha vI matau dhAtuse banatA hai| vedoMmeM yaha dekhanA,124 khAnA125 evaM azana126 arthameM prayukta huA hai| laukika saMskRtameM vI dhAtu gatiprajananakAntyazana khAdaneSu arthoMmeM prayukta hotA hai| yAskane isameM dhAtukA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| lekina vibhinna arthoke darzanase vI dhAtu anumeya hai| vI gatau se vyantaH meM dhvanyAtmakatA evaM arthAtmakatA kA ucita yoma hai| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| 269 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (84) ukhA :- yaha go kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-ustriyeti go-naam| ustraviNo'syAM bhogA :94 arthAt isase manuSya ko aneka bhoga padArthakI prApti hotI hai| isake anusAra utrA zabda meM ut+su dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| ut+su = ustrA kA artha hogA jisase dUdha savita hotA rahatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vas nivAse dhAtu se rak127 pratyaya kara ustra-usrA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| vas kA ustra samprasAraNa kA pariNAma hai|128 / (85) krANA :- isakA artha hotA hai * karate hue| niruktake anusAra-krANA: kurvANA:94. arthAt isake anusAra isa zabda meM kR dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana arthAtmaka dRSTi se upayukta nahIM hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise apUrNa mAnA jaaegaa| (86) hari :- hariH kA artha yahAM hare varNakA soma hai| somalatAse savita soma hasti-varNa kA hotA hai| niruktake anusAra hariH somo haritavarNa:94 arthAt hariH soma ko kahate haiM kyoMki vaha harita varNakA hotA hai| hariH kA artha bandara bhI hotA hai kyoMki vaha bhI harita-varNakA hotA hai| ayamapItaro hriretsmaadev| isa nirvacana meM yAska ne dRzyAtmaka AdhAra kA sahArA liyA hai tathA harita varNake hone ke kAraNa soma evaM baMdarako hariH maanaa| haritase hariH zabda bnaa| harita varNa hai jisameM yA jo hare varNa kA hai| isa arthameM soma tathA bandara rUr3ha ho gyaa| ise lakSaNA kA AdhAra mAnA jaaegaa| laukika saMskRta meM hari: ke vyApaka prayoga milate haiN| yamarAja, vAyu, indra, candramA, sUrya, viSNa, siMha, kiraNa, ghor3A, totA, sAMpa, vAnara, maNDUka paraloka Adi kaI arthoM meM hariH zabda prayukta hote haiN|129 harita kA artha DA. lakSmaNasvarUpa ne svarNima kiyA hai| bandara svarNima varNa ke prApta hote haiN|130 durgAcArya ne harita varNake bandara (svarNima raMga vAlA) kI carcA meM rAmAyaNa ke nAma se eka uddharaNa upasthApita kiyA hai|31 hare raMga ke bandara kI carcA upalabdha nahIM hotii| hariH kA artha svarNima raMga vAlA mAnane para soma evaM bandara ko svarNima raMga vAlA mAnA jAegA jo adhika saMgata hai kyoMki koSa granthoM ke anusAra hariH piMgala yA kapila varNakA bhI vAcaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra hRJ haraNe dhAtuse iH pratyaya132 kara hariH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise aspaSTa mAnA jaaegaa| . (87) ziznam :- isakA artha hotA hai puruSa jananendriya (upsth)| niruktake 270 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anusAra ziznaM znathate:" arthAt yaha zabda badhArthaka znay dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| znath dhAtu (vadhArthaka) nighaNTu paThita hai| isake anusAra artha hogA jisase kyA kiyA jaae| DA. hamaNa svarUpa isakA artha karate haiM jisase bhedana kiyA jaae| kya kA artha medana karanA prakRta meM saMgata hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se isa nirvacana ko upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra zaz plutagatI yA zi nizAne dhAtu se nak pratyaya kara ziznam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| mAlA vijJAnakI dRSTise isameM vyaMjanagata audAsinya hai| (88) pitA :-pitAkA artha hotA haijanakA niruktake anusAra pitA pAtA kA pAlayitA vA pitAkA artha hotA haisvA karane vAlA yA pAlana karane vaalaa| isake anusAra pitA zabdameM pA sthaNe yA pAl pAlane (svANa) dhAtu kA yoga hai| pitA putra kI sthA evaM pAlana poSaNa karatA hai| pA dhAtuse pilA zabda mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka aucitya saMmata hotA hai| ise mAyAdaijJAnika AdhAra para bhI upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| pAl dhAtuse pitA mAnane, arthAtmaka AdhAra hI mAtra saMgata rahatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra pA dhAtuse tRca pratyaya kara pitR pitA zabda banAsthA jA sakatA hai| mAropIya parivArakA yaha prasiddha zabda hai| kiMcit dhvanyastA ke sAtha isa parivAra kI anya bhASAoM meM bhI isakA rupa surakSita hai saM. pitrIka RE, laiTi. Pre, mAthi.fida, aMgre. fatha. (89) bancu :- yaha bandhanakA bAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra baghuH sambandhanAta eka arthAt sambandhita hone ke kAraNa yA eka sAtha rahane ke kAraNa bandhu kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra bancuH zabdame bancha bandhane dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| mASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra bancha bandhane dhAtuse ucca pratyaya kara kSuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| aMgrejI kA Bindbandha kA samAnAntara hai| (90) nAmi :- yaha nAla kA vAcaka hai| sAmAnyatayA ise udara kUma mI kahA jA sakatA hai| nirukta ke anusAra nAmi: snnhnaat| arthAt yaha zabda naha banchane dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki nAmi: sesannaddhamarma huA karate haiN| ataH eka bandhanameM hone ke kAraNa nAmi kahalAtA hai isa nirvAcanakA dhvanyAtmakaevaMutmika AdhAra upayukta hai| ise mASA vaijJAnika dRSTise mI saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| dhAtu sthinha kA 271: vyutpati vijJAna aura mAcyArthI yAska
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________________ mahAprANa bha meM parivartana ho gayA hai| laukika saMskRtameM kASTa daNDoMse jur3e hone ke kAraNa hI pahie ke bIca vAle bhAgako bhI nAbhi kahA jAtA hai|138 bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise sAdRzya kA pariNAma mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra naha bandhane + iJ (nahobhazca) pratyaya kara nAbhi: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|139 (91) jJAti :- jJAtikA artha sambandhI hotA hai| niruktake anusAra-jJAti: saMjJAnAt94 arthAt acchI taraha jJAta rahane ke kAraNa jJAti kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra jJAtiH zabda meM jJA avavodhane dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra jJA + ktina140 pratyaya kara jJAti: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (92) uttAna :- uttAna kA artha hotA hai. cAroM ora phailA huaa| niruktake anusAra uttAna : utatAna: UrdhvatAnovAra arthAt cAroM ora phailA huA yA Upara taka phailA haa| prathama nirvacanameM uta + tAnaH do padakhaNDa haiN| isameM utta sthita ta varNa kA lopa ho gayA hai| ut +tAna: = uttaanH| dvitIya nirvacanameM Udhva+ tAna: do paMda khaNDa haiN| yahAM Urdhva ut kA vAcaka hai| prathama nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise prathama nirvacana upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| donoM hI nirvacanoMmeM tan vistAre dhAtukA yoga hai| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ut +tan +aN pratyaya kara utAna: zabda banAyA jA / sakatA hai| (93) zaMyuH :- isakA artha hotA hai roga kA zamana tathA bhaya se mukti| nirukta ke anusAra zaMyuH sukhaMyu arthAt zam sukha ko kahate haiM tathA yu kA artha hogA use prApta karAne vaalaa| yaha anavagata saMskAra kA pada hai| isake donoM pada khaNDoM (zam-yuH) meM kramaza: zam tathA yu dhAtukA yoga hai| ina do dhAtuoM ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue yAska kahate hai- zamanaM ca rogANAM yAvanaM ca bhayAnAm arthAt rogoM ko zamana karane vAlA tathA bhana ko dUra karane vaalaa|| zukla yajurveda ke prasiddha da ra ubvaTa ne apane mantra bhASya meM evaM mahIdhara ne apane veda dIpa bhASya meM meM yAska sammata hI isakA artha kiyA hai|- (zu..ya. veM 36 / 12) vRhaspati ke putrakA nAma bhI zaMyu thA athApi.zaMyurhispatya ucyte|94 yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| arthAtmakatA kI puSTi ke lie do dhAtuoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se ise pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| pANini prakriyA ke anusAra isameM zam + yu141 pratyaya mAnA gayA hai| yAska ke samaya bhI yu pratyaya 272 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kaI arthoM meM pracalita the jaisA ki adhvaryu142 idaMyu143 Adi meM spaSTa hai| (94) aditi :- aditidevamAtA kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-aditiradInA devamAtA arthAt yaha adInA kSayarahitA devamAtA hai| isake anusAra aditi: zabda meM-na-a + dI kSaye dhAtukA yoga hai| mugdhAnala aditimeM vandhanArthaka dA dhAtu + bhAvArthaka ti pratyaya kA yoga mAnate haiM a-dA + ti =aditi| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA svataMtra yA bandhana se sahita 5 TurgAcArya ne aditi ko maharSi kazyapa kI patnI evaM Adikha AdidevatAoM kI mAtA mAnA hai|146 yAskakA nirvacana ukta AdhAra para aitihAsika mahatva rakhatA hai| yAskakA nirvacana arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra isameM ad dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaaegaa| isa AdhAra para yAskake artha kI upekSA ho jaaegii| yadyapi zatapatha brAhmaNa ke anusAra aditikA artha adana karane vAlI upalabdha hotA hai|147 ataH bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ad dhAtu kA yoga hI ucita hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra dA avakhaNDanedhAtu se ti pratyaya kara adA +ti = aditi banAyA jA sakatA hai|148 yAska ne ekAdaza adhyAya ke tRtIya pAda meM aditi ko madhyasthAnIya devatAoM meM prathamagAminI mAnA hai| yaha dakSa kI putrI tathA dakSakI mAtA hai| eka hI meM putratva aura janakatva mAnane kA kAraNa donoM kA eka dUsare ke prati janyajanaka bhAva mAnA gayA hai| (prAtaH sandhyA-aditi se sUrya utpanna huA tathA sAyaM kAla ke sUrya se sandhyA (aditi) utpanna huii| Rgveda meM aditi ko pito tathA putra donoM kahA gayA hai|49 yaha aditikI vyApakatA kA pariNAma hai| (95) erire :- yaha AG + Ir gatau dhAtuke liT ke prathama puruSa bahubacana kA rUpa hai| nirukta ke anusAra erira itIrtirUpasRSTo'bhyasta:144 arthAt abhISTa siddhi ke lie prArthanA karate haiN| isake anusAra isameM ira gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (96) vakham :- yaha kapaDAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra vasaM castai:144 arthAt isase AcchAdana kiyA jAtA hai| isa nirvacana ke anusAra vastram zabda meM vas AcchAdane dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra vas AcchAdane dhAtu se STran50 pratyaya kara vastram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (97) tAyu :- isakA artha hotA hai-cor| nirukta ke anusAra tAyuriti stena 273: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ naam| (1) saMstyAnamasmin pApakamiti nairuktA: 144 arthAt niruktakAroMke anusAra isameM pApa karma ekatra hotA rahatA hai| isake anusAra tAyu zabda meM styai zabda saMghAtayoH dhAtu kA yoga hai| styai- stAyuH tAyuH / samAna sthAnIya USma varNa s kA samAna sthAnIya sparza varNa ke saMyoga hone se lopa ho gayA hai| ise dhvani vikAsa kA pariNAma mAnA jA sakatA hai| (2) tasyatervA syAt 144 arthAt yaha zabda tasu upakSaye dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha apane adharmapUrNa vyavahArake calate naSTa ho jAtA hai| 151 prathama nirvacanako dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase saMgata mAnA jA sakatA hai| dvitIya nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| dvitIya nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise saMgata nahIM hai / vyAkaraNake anusAraM tAy dhAtuse uN pratyaya kara tAyuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (98) bhara :- yaha saMgrAmakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra bharaiti saMgrAma nAma (1) bharatevAM 144 arthAt bhara: zabda meM bhR bharaNe dhAtukA yoga hai, kyoMki yuddhameM lAbha bhI hotA hai|125 (2) haratervA144 arthAt yuddhameM hAni bhI hotI hai| dhana, jIvana Adi kA pracura haraNa hotA hai| isake anusAra yaha zabda ha haraNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| dhAtuse hara, puna: varNa viparyaya ke dvArA ha kA bha hokara bhara: zabda banatA hai| vaidika saMskRta meM dhAtu sthita ha kA kahIM kahIM bha varNa meM parivartana pAyA jAtA hai| yAska bhrAtA zabda ke nirvacana meM hR dhAtu kI kalpanA isIlie karate haiM / 153 kAtyAyana ne bhI laukika saMskRtake ha ko vaidika bha hI mAnA hai / 154 lagatA hai bha prAcIna rUpa rahA hogaa| yAska ke samaya meM hR evaM bhR donoM kA pracalana thaa| laukika saMskRta meM ha hI mUla mAnA jAtA hai| prAkRta bhASA meM bhI saMskRta kI kha ghatha dha bha dhvaniyAM ha meM parivartita ho jAtI hai|155 vaidika saMskRta meM jabaki ha hI bha meM parivartita pAyA jAtA hai| yAska kA prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| dvitIya nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| dvitIya nirvacanameM dhvani parivartana kI dizA spaSTa hotI hai| DA. varmA ke anusArabhI yaha nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake anukUla hai| 156 saMskRta vyAkaraNake anusAra bhRJ bharaNe + ac157 pratyaya kara bharaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (99) nIcai::- isakA artha hotA hai- nIce / niruktake anusAra -nIcairnicitaM bhavati144 arthAt nizcita rUpameM nIce rahatA hai yA nIce ekatra rahatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM ni+ciJ cayane dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka 274 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha avyaya mAnA gayA hai| ise ni + ciJ + Dais pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai / 158 (100) nIcAyamAnam :- isakA artha hotA hai-nIce gayA huA / niruktake anusAra -nicAyamAnaM nIcaisyamAnam 144 arthAt nIce jAte hue| isake anusAra isameM nIcaiH +(ayamAna) ay gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| nIca + ayamAna = nIcAyamAnam / isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| (101) uccai :- yaha UMcA arthake lie prayukta hotA hai / niruktake anusAra uccairUccitaM bhavati:144 arthAt Upara meM gayA huA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM ut + ciJ cayane dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha avyaya zabda hai| ise ut + ciJ + Dais 159 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (102) zyena :- isakA artha hotA hai bAjapakSI / nirukta ke anusAra zyena: saMzanIyaM gacchati 44 arthAt prazaMsanIya gatise yukta honeke kAraNa zyena kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM zaMs stutau dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| yaha arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| yAska niruktake caturdaza adhyAya meM zyena kA artha Aditya evaM AtmA karate haiN| tadanusAra zyena Adityo bhavati zyAyatergatikarmaNa: 160 arthAt zyena Aditya ko kahate haiM kyoMki vaha gatikarmA hai| isake anusAra zyena zabdameM syai gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| zyena AtmA bhavati zyAyaterjJAnakarmaNa: 160 arthAt zyenakA artha AtmA hotA hai kyoMki vaha jJAna karmA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM jJAnArthaka zyai dhAtukA yoga hai| ye donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta hai| vAjapakSIke artha meM bhI zyai gatau dhAtuse isakA nirvacana mAnanA jyAdA saMgata hogA / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yAskake aMtima donoM nirvacana sarvathA saMgata haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra zyaiG gatau + inac 161 pratyaya kara zyenaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| : (103) yUtham :- yaha samUha kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra-yUthaM yaute : samAyutaM bhavati144 arthAt isameM loga mile rahate haiN| isake anusAra yUtham zabda meM yu mizraNe dhAtu kA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA 275 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vijJAnakI dRSTi se ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| DA. varmA bhI isa nirvacana ko bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se upayukta mAnate haiN| inake anusAra bhI isa nirvacana meM dhvanyAtmakatA evaM arthAtmakatA kA sarvathA nirvAha huA hai|162 vyAkaraNake anusAra yu mizraNe dhAtu se tha pratyaya163 kara yUtham zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (104) jarate :- isakA artha hotA hai-stuti karatA hai yA upadeza karatA hai. jarate gRNAni44 arthAt yaha zabda gR stutau dhAtuke yogase banA hai| gR dhAtuse niSpanna garite zabda hI jarite ho gayA hai| isa nirvacana meM dhAtu sthita ga kA ja varNa meM parivartana huA hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se yaha pUrNa upayukta hai| ise jR yA jar dhAtu se niSpanna mAnanA bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se saMgata hogaa| ga dhvani kA ja meM parivartana bhI bhASA vaijJAnika mahattva rakhatA hai| abhyAsa meM to abhI bhI vaha dRzya hotA hai yathA gad jagAd gam jagAma aadi| (105) mandI :- mandI kA artha hotA hai-stuty| mandate: stutikarmaNa:144 arthAt yaha zabda stutyarthaka manda dhAtu se vyutpanna hai, kyoMki vaha stutike yogya hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| prakRtameM mandI zabda indrake lie prayukta huA hai jisake anusAra indra kI stuti prAdhAnyena nirdiSTa hai| indrakI stuti anya devatAoMkI apekSA adhika huI hai|164 vyAkaraNake anusAra manda +in = mandI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (106). apIcyam :- isakA artha hotA hai pRthk| nirukta ke anusAra (1) apIcyamapacitam arthAt pRthak karake rakhA huaa| isake anusAra isa zabda meM ap + ci cayane dhAtu kA yoga hai| (2) apagatam arthAt pRthak hokara gayA huaa| isake anusAra isa zabda meM apa + gam dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) apihitam arthAt pRthak dhAraNa kiyA huaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM api + dhA dhAtukA yoga hai| (4) antarnihitam144 arthAt andara rakhA huaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM antaH + dhA dhAtukA yoga hai| sabhI nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise sabhI nirvacana apUrNa haiN| mASA vijJAna ke anusAra koI bhI nirvacana pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai|. (107) daMsaya:- isakA artha hotA hai krm| niruktake anusAra daMsayaH krmaanni| daMsayanti enAni144 arthAt ina karmoko loga sampanna karate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabda meM upakSayArthaka daMs dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka 276 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ise saMgata mAnA jaaemaa| laukika saMskRta meM daMs dhAtu darzana evaM DaMsanA arthoM meM prayukta hai|165 (108) tUtAva :- tUtAva kA artha hotA hai bar3hatA hai| isake anusAra isameM tu vRddhau dhAtukA yoga hai| isake nirvacanameM yAskane tutAva kaha kara dhAtuko spaSTa kiyA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (109) aMhati :- isakA artha hotA hai, pApa yA viptti| niruktake anusAra ahaMti zcAMhazcAMhuzca hanteH arthAt aMhati , aMhaH evaM aMhu ye tInoM zabda samAna artha rakhane vAle haiM tathA han dhAtuse niSpanna hote haiN| nirUDhopadhAt viparItAtapa44 arthAt hana kI upadhA ko nikAlakara evaM viparIta kara ye zabda banate haiN| han -upadhA nikAlane para han -ha + an - viparIta karane para an + h = ahaMti, aMha yA aNhuH| isa nirvacana kA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| yAskane isakI siddhimeM dhAtukI khIMcAtAnI kI hai| (110) cayase :- isakA artha hotA hai nAza karate ho| yaha madhyama puruSa eka vacana kA rUpa hai tathA anavagata saMskAra kA pada hai| yAska ne cyse-caattysi|144 cAtayasi arthAt nAzayasi ke dvArA cayase kA mAtra artha hI spaSTa hotA hai|166 isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra aspaSTa hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise apUrNa mAnA jaaegaa| cAtayasi ke AdhAra para isameM cat dhAtu kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai jo hiMsA artha meM honA caahie| lekina dhAtu pATha meM isa artha meM cat dhAtukA nirdeza nahIM prApta holaa| vaidika kAlameM isa prakAra ke dhAtu rahe hoNge| (111) piyArUm :- isakA artha hotA hai - hiMsakA niruktake anusAra - piyArum piiyum| pIyati hiMsAkarmA144 arthAt yaha zabda hiMsArthaka pIya dhAtuse vyutpanna hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| pIyuH piyAru samAnArthaka hai| donoM meM pIya dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| DA. lakSmaNa svarUpa pIya ko upahAsa karanA artha mAnate haiN|167 (112) viyute :- isakA artha hotA hai dhu loka evaM pRthvI lokA niruktake anusAra viyute dyaavaapRthivyau| viyavanAt144 arthAt ye donoM loka eka dUsarese pRthak rahate haiN| isake anusAra viyute zabdameM vi + yu vimizraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise anukUla 277 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ mAnA jaaygaa| (113) samAnam :- yaha sadRzakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra samAnaM sammAna mAtraM bhavati144 arthAt jisakI mApa samAna ho| isake anusAra-samam + mA dhAtu kA yoga isa zabdameM spaSTa hotA hai| mA dhAtu mAne yA parimANa arthameM prayukta hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sam + A + an + lyu = samAnam banAyA jA sakatA hai|68 : (114) mAtrA :- isakA artha hotA hai maap| niruktake anusAra -mAtrA mAnAt144 arthAt mApa honeke kAraNa mAtrA kahalAtI hai| jise mApI jAya use mAtrA kheNge| isake anusAra mAtrA zabdameM mAG mAne dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI mAG mAne dhAtu se bana69 pratyaya kara mAtrA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| mAtrA zabda paricchada, karNa vibhUSA, akSarAvayava, mAna Adi arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai|170 (115) anta :- isakA artha hotA hai smaapt| niruktakai anusAra anto'tate:144 arthAt yaha zabda at sAtatya gamane dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki najadIka kI cIjeM prApta huI hotI hai| yaha AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra am gatau + tan pratyaya kara anta: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| yA at vandhane se ac pratyaya71 kara ise banAyA jA sakatA hai| aMgrejI kA haM zabda isI ke samAna hai| (116) RSaka :- yaha zabda anekArthaka hai| pRthak mAvake arthameM isa zabdakA vivecana karate hue yAska kahate haiM-Rdhagiti pRthagbhAvasya pravacanaM bhavati arthAt Rdhaka pRthagmAva kA vAcaka hai| punaH samRddhi ke arthameM vivecana karate hue ve kahate haiM athAtyubhotyarthe dRzyate144 arthAt Rdhak zabdakA artha samRddhi bhI hotA hai| yAskane vibhinna arthoMmeM isakA nirvacana prastuta nahIM kiyA hai| samRddhike arthameM prApta vivecanase spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha zabda Rth samRddhau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| isa AdhAra para yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki samRddhike arthameM prayukta nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka mahattvase yukta haiN| prathama pRthakvAcI Rdhak ko apUrNa nirvacana mAnA jaaegaa| dvitIya nirvacana bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se upayukta hai| 278 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (117) udAttam :- udAtta svarabheda ko kahate hai| niruktake anusAra tIvrArthataramudAttam144 arthAt jise bolane meM arthameM tIvratA hotI hai use udAtta svara kahate haiM loka meM prayukta udAtta zabda utkRSTa kA vAcaka hai arthAt udAtta kA artha hai tIvrArthatara utkRSTa gunnyukt| svarodAtta meM arthameM tIvratA rahatI hai| yAska isakA nirvacana prastuta nahIM kara mAtra artha hI spaSTa karate haiN| niruktameM udAtta ko pradhAna bhI mAnA gayA hai| zuklayajuH prAtizAkhya ke anusAra ucca dhvanise uccarita svara udAtta kahalAtA hai|172 prasiddha bhASyakAra uSvaTa vahIM para isakI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiMgAtroM ke Urdhvagamanase jo svara nikalatA hai vaha udAttasaMjJaka hotA hai|173 AcArya pANini bhI zuklayajuH prAtizAkhyake sUtrako grahaNa karate haiN|174 jisakI vRttimeM bhaTTojidIkSitakA kahanA hai ki tAlu Adi samAna bhAga vAle sthAnoM meM Urdhva bhAga meM niSpanna svara udAtta saMjJaka hotA hai|175 nirvacanakI prakriyA evaM bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se yAskakA yaha nirvacana apUrNa hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra uta+ dA + kta pratyaya kara udAtta zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|176 ut uccai AdIyate uccAryate iti udaattm| (118) anudAttam :- yaha svara bheda hai| niruktake anusAra alpIyo'rthataramanudAttam144 arthAt kama bala die gae artha meM anudAtta hotA hai| yAska ne anudAtta kA mAtra artha spaSTa kiyA hai| jise bolanemeM artha meM alpatA rahe use anudAtta kheNge| anudAttakA loka prayukta artha hogA hInaguNase yukt| arthAt anudAtta gauNakA vAcaka hai zuklayajuH prAtizAkhyake anusAra nIcI dhvanise uccarita svara anudAtta kahalAtA hai|177 uvvaTa isakI vyAkhyA meM kahate haiM- gAtroM ke adhogamanase jo svara niSpanna hotA hai use anudAtta kahate haiN|178 pANini isake lie zukla yajuH prAtizAkhya ke sUtra ko grahaNa karate haiN|179 vyAkaraNake anusAra an + u + dA + kta pratyaya kara anudAtta zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|176 (119) rarivAn :- isakA artha hotA hai. dAna dete hue| niruktake anusArararivAn rAtirabhyasta:144 arthAt isa zabda meM rA dAne dhAtukA yoga hai| rA dAne dhAtukA dvitva hokara rarivAn ho gayA hai| isameM kvasu pratyaya haiN| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (120) ajaH :- yaha vakarAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra ajA ajanA:144 arthAt gamana yukta hone ke kAraNa aja kahalAtA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra aja 279 mutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabdameM aj gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| ajAH zabda ke nirvacanameM ajananA: bhI niruktameM prApta hai isake anusAra a +aj prAdurbhAve dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaaegaa| ajake vakarAke atirikta zaMkara, brahmA, viSNu, raghuputra, kAmadeva Adi kaI artha hote haiN|180 vyAkaraNake anusAra vakarA vAcaka ajako aj gatau dhAtuse ac181 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| brahmA, viSNu Adike arthameM na-a +jan+Da pratyaya kara ajaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|182 / / (121) zarad :- yaha Rtu vAcaka zabda hai| Azvina kArtika mahInemeM zarad Rtu hotI hai| niruktake anusAra (1) zRtA asyAmoSadhayo bhavanti arthAt isa zarad Rtu auSadhiyAM (per3a paudhe) paka jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM zR dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) zIrNA Apa itivA144 arthAt isa RtumeM jala kama ho jAte haiN| isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM zR dhAtukA yoga hai| DA. lakSmaNa svarUpane zIrNA ApaH kA artha jalaplAvana se yukta kiyA hai|184 jo pUrNa upayukta pratIta nahIM hotaa| yAska ke donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra zR hiMsAyAm dhAtuse at85 pratyaya kara zarad zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (122) bhrAtA:- isakA artha hotA hai bhaaii| niruktake anusAsmAtA bharateharati karmaNaH arthAt bhrAtR zabda bhRJ haraNe dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha bhAga haraNa karatA hai| harate gaM bhartavyo bhavatItivA44vaha apanA bhAga pitRdhana kA hissA haraNa karatA hai yA usa bharaNa poSaNa karanA par3atA hai| isake anusAra mAtA zabdameM mRJ maraNe dhAtukA yoga hai|iskaa dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai|yh pUrNarUpa se AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| yaha nirvacamaM sAmAjika dAyitva ko bhI spaSTa karatA hai| mR haraNe kI upalabdhi laukika saMskRta meM nahIM hotii| laukika saMskRtameM haraNArthaka hR dhAtukA prayoga hotA hai| mR dhAtu haraNArthaka prAcIna dhAtu hai| ise vaidika dhAtu kahA jAya to atyukti nhiiN| yAskake kAla meM yaha bharaNArthaka evaM haraNArthaka thaa| bhR dhAtu kA bAdameM artha saMkoca huA hai|yaask pratipAdita donoM artha AjamI mAtR zabda meM surakSita haiN| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra bhR bharaNe dhAtuse tRc pratyaya kara mAtR-mAtA zabda banAyAjA sakatA hai|maatR zabda mAropIya parivArakI anya bhASAoMmeM mI kiMcit dhvanyantaske 280 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ sAtha surakSita hai- saMskRta-bhrAtR, grIka Phrater, laiTina Frater, gAthika Brothor , aMgrejI Brother. (123) sapta-putram :- yaha sUrya kI sAta razmiyoMkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-saptaputraM saptamaputraM sarpaNaputramiti vA144 arthAt sUryakI razmiyAM hI saptamaputra hone se sarpaNaputrako saptaputra kahA gyaa| isameM sR gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| saptaputra sAmAsika zabda hai| sapta pada kramazaH saptama evaM sarpaNakA vAcaka hai aitihAsikoMke anusAra Aditya ko hI sAtavAM putra kahA jAtA hai| brAhmaNagranthoMse bhI isI bAtakI puSTi hotI hai|189 isa nirvacanakA AdhAra aitihAsika hai| sAmAsika AdhAra bhI isakA upayukta hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise bhI yaha upayakta hai| hindI bhASAkA sapUta zabda sapta putra se nikalA jAna par3atA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sapta + pum +tra = sapta putram mAnA jA sakatA hai| (124) sapta :- yaha saMkhyA vAcaka zabda hai| isakA artha hotA hai-saat| niruktake anusAra saptasRtA saMkhyA144 arthAt yaha cha: saMkhyAoM se Age gayI hotI hai| isake anusAra sapta zabdameM sRpNato dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise kiMcit zithila hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sap + tuT187 pratyaya kara sapta zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhAropIya parivArakI anya bhASAoMmeM bhI kiMcit dhvanyantarake sAtha sapta zabda upalabdha hotA hai| saMskRta sapta ave. hapta, grIka hepta laiTina septen ai.se. seofen agrejI-seven. ... (125) cakram:- cakram kA artha hotA hai ckkaa| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiN| :- (1) cakraM cakatervA arthAt yaha zabda calanArthaka cak dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha gamana karatA hai yA calatA hai| (2) caratervA arthAt isa zabdameM car gatau dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki yaha gamanazIna hai| (3) krAmate, arthAt isa zabdameM gatyarthaka kram dhAtukA yoga hai| isa AdhAra para isakA artha hogA calane vAlA prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| mASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| anya nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| isa zabdako kR dhAtuse bhI vyutpanna mAnA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kR dhAtuse ghArthe ka:188 kara cakram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|ckr zabdakAartha cakkAke atirikta rAjya,senA AyudhavizeSa,cakravAkapakSI,samUha,cAka,mramara Adi bhI hote haiN|189 cakra ke anya arthoM 281 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ meM sAdRzya kA AdhAra dRSTigata hotA hai| . (126) nAma :- niruktameM saptanAmA zabda meM Aye nAma pada kA nirvacana karate hue yAska kahate haiM-saptanAmA, saptAsmairazmayo rasAnnamayanti saptainamRSayaH namanti stuvantIti sptnaamn| yahAM nAma zabdameM nam dhAtukA spaSTa yoga prApta hai nam dhAtu jhukanA tathA stuti karanA arthakA dyotaka hai| vahIM para yAska punaH kahate haiMidamapItarannAmetasmAdeva arthAt dUsare arthameM prayukta nAma bhI isI nam dhAtuse banate haiN| yaha amidhAna yA saMjJA kA vAcaka hai| abhisannAmAt144 arthAt nAma zabda jhukanA artha vAlA nam dhAtuse banA hai| kyoMki apane guNoMko prakaTa karaneke lie sammukha hokara jo jhukatA hai vahI nAma hai- (svam arthaM pratyAyayitum Abhimukhyena sannamati iti nAma) tAtparya yaha hai ki nAma meM guNa sannihita rahatA hai|190 isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| yaha AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| yaha nAmakI yathArthaprakriyA kA pradarzaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra Nam praNatve dhAtu se Da.191 pratyaya kara nAma zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| uccAraNAntarake sAtha yahI zabda bhAropIya parivArakI lai.me Nomen tathA aMgrejI bhASA meM Name ke rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai| (127) samvatsara :- isakA artha hotA hai sAla yA varSa yA grISma, varSA tathA hemanta tIna RtuoM vaalaa| niruktake anusAra - samvatsaraH saMvasante'sminbhUtAni144 arthAt isameM sabhI prANI aprANI (bhUtajAta) rahate haiN| isake anusAra samvatsara zabdameM sam + vas nivAse dhAtukA yoga hai- sam + vas + sar = smvtsrH| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra sam + vas + sara pratyaya kara samvatsaraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|192 (128) grISma : yaha Rtu vAcaka zabda hai| jyeSTha evaM ASAr3ha meM grISma Rtu rahatI hai| niruktake anusAra -grISmo grasyante'smin rasA:144 arthAt isa RtumeM rasa (jala).sUrya ke dvArA sukhA diye jAte haiN|193 isa nirvacanake anusAra grISma zabdameM gras adane dhatukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra gras adane dhAtuse mak194 pratyaya kara grISmaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 282 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (129) varSA :- yaha Rtu vAcaka zabda hai| isakA artha hotA hai prAvRT yA paavs| zrAvaNa evaM bhAdrapada mAsa meM varSA Rtu rahatI hai| niruktake anusAra-varSA varSatyAzu parjanya:144 arthAt isa RtumeM medha jaldI barasatA rahatA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra varSA zabdameM vRS secane dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra vRS yA varS dhAtuse ac195 pratyaya + TAp pratyaya kara varSA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| ( 130) hemanta :- yaha Rtu vAcaka zabda hai| agrahaNa evaM pauSa mAsa meM hemanta Rtu rahatI hai| 196 niruktake anusAra - hemanto himavAna 144 arthAt hemanta himase yukta hotA hai| isa RtumeM himapAta adhika hotA hai| isake anusAra hemanta zabda meM hima + anta zabda khaNDa hai / anta manuS kA bAcaka pratyaya hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra han + jhac = hirAdeza muDAgama evaM guNa karane para hemanta zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 197 (131) himam :- yaha varpha kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) himaM punarhantervA144 arthAt yaha oSadhiyoM evaM vanaspatiyoM ko mAratA hai, jIrNa kara detA hai| 198 isake anusAra isa zabdameM han dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) hinAte va 144 arthAt yaha yavAdi annako tRpta karatA hai| isa Rtu yavAdi anna kAphI bar3hate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabda meM hi gatau, vRddhau dhAtukA yoga hai| donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra donoM upayukta mAne jaayeNge| vyAkaraNake anusAra han hiMsAgatyoH dhAtuse mak199 pratyaya kara yA hi gatau vRddhauca dhAtuse manM 200 pratyaya kara him zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| ( 132) anarvam :- isakA artha hotA hai jo anyatra na gayA ho ! niruktake anusAra anarvamapratyRtamanyasmin 144 arthAt jo dUsarI jagaha gayA na ho| isake anusAra anarvam zabdameM na an + R gatIM dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra na a + R gatau + vanip pratyaya 201 kara anarva zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| . (133) ara:- isakA artha hotA hai ratha kI nAbhi meM lagA cakradaNDa / niruktake anusAra- arAH pratyRtA nAbhau 144 arthAt ye sthakI nAbhimeM pratigata hote haiN| isa nirvacanake 283 vyutpati vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anusAra araH zabdameM R gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNakeanusAra R gatau dhAtuse ac201 pratyaya kara ara: zabda banAyAjA sakatA hai| (134) SaT :- yaha saMkhyA vAcaka zabda hai| isakA artha hotA hai chaH / niruktake anusAra SaT sahate : 144 arthAt yaha paMca saMkhyAko parAbhUta karake sthita hai / 203 isake anusAra SaT zabdameM saha marSaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka eva~ arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| kiMcit dhvanyantara ke sAtha bhAropIya parivAra kI anya bhASAoM meM bhI yaha surakSita hai-saMskRta SaT, ave. zvaz, grIka Hex, laiTina Sex, aMgrejI Six. (135) mAsa :- isakA artha hotA hai- mahInA / niruktake anusAra mAsA : mAnAta144 arthAt isase samvatsarakA mApa hotA hai| vAraha mAsakA eka samvatsara hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM mA mAne dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra masi parimANe dhAtuse dhaJ pratyaya kara mAsaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 204 (136) pradhi :- isakA artha hotA hai-hAla yA paridhi / niruktake anusAra-pradhiH prahito bhavati144 arthAt yaha cakrameM prahitaM (nihita ) hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM pra + dhA dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra pra + DudhAJ dhAraNe + ki: pratyaya kara pradhiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 205 -: saMdarbha saMketa : 1.atha yAni anekArthAni eka zabdAni tAni ato'nukramiSyAmaH / anavagatasaMskArAMzca nigmaan| tat aikapadikamityAcakSate - ni. 4 1, 2 . grahormazchandasi - (aSTA 3|1|84kaa) vArtika, 3 . ni . 4 1, 4 . atra anterjahAtezca sandeha itimASyakAreNA vadhRtaM jaghAnetyartha: ni.du.vR. 419, 5 . maryo maraNadharmA-ni. du.vR. 41, 6. vAcakamucitsama smAt ghahasmatva ImmaryAaresvinnipAtAzcet zu . ya prA. 2 / 16, 7. mi. 33, 8. maryAdA sImani sthitau me. di.- 77137, 9. zabdakalpadruma bhA: 3 pR.643, 10. 'yasmAt iyaM nidhIyate nIcairdhAryate pakSigrahaNArtham ni .du.vR. 41, 11. yo vAlamaya: snAyumayo vA pAzaH samUhaH pakSigrahaNArtha: sa pAzyeti ucyate ni. du.vR. 4 / 1, 12. 284 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ tena hi pAzyate pakSI vadhyata ityarthaH ni.du.vR. 4 / 1, 13. The Etymologies of Yaska, p.48, 14. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, 15. pAzAdibhyo yaH-aSTA. 4 / 2 / 49, 16. suparNaH svarNacUr3e ca garUr3e kRtmaalke| suparNA kamalinyAM ca vainateyasya maatri| medi. 5185-86.17. uNA 36.18. The Etymologies of Yaska, P.77, 19. cakSeH zicca- uNA. 1 / 119, 20. aSTA. 2 / 4 / 54 para vA. cakSiGa: kzAJkhyAJau (mahAbhASya) dra., 21. halA. -pR. 429, 22. spRzeH zvaNa zucau ca-uNA. 5 / 27, 23. uNA 2 / 12 (dra. tatvavodhinI TIkA), 24.ni.4|1,25. aSTA. 2 / 1 / 134, 26. The Etymologies of Yaska, p.92, 27. uNA. 4 / 118, 28. damerDosuNA. 2 / 96, 29. ni. 4 / 1, 30. sa ca gudaH viSitaH vyAptaH sa purISeNa bhavatini.du.vR. 41, 31. ni. 4 / 1, 32. uNA. 1 / 145, 33. zakerRtin -unnaa.4|58,34. ni.4|1,35. aSTA. 3 / 33 / 94,36. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 174, 37. sarvasya hi mAMse manaH sIdati ni.du.dR. 4 / 1, 38. mane dIrghazca-uNA. 364, 39. uNA 4 / 189, 40. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, 41. amici. - uNA. 4 / 164, 42. vaidika vAGmayameM bhASA cintana pR. 60, 43. trANi madhyamAni padAni me iha na iti-mama gRhenAsti yaddhanam-ni.du.vR. 4 / 1, 44. ni. 2 / 1, 34. ni. 4 / 1, 45. ni. 9 / 1, 46. adrayodrumazailArkA : ama.ko. 3 / 3 / 163, 47. adi zadibhUzubhibhyaH krin- uNA 4 / 65, 34. ni. 4 / 1, 48. uNA. 4 / 189, 49. abhyeti abhyAgacchati tithiSu paurNamAsyAdyAsu para kulAni yajamAnakulAnItyatithi:- ni. du.vR. 4 / 1, 50. RtanyaMji.- uNA. 4 / 2, 51. duravA dustA - uktaJca kuTumva tantrANi hi durbharANi- ni.du. vR. 4 / 1, 52. The Etymologies of Yaska, p.7, 53. R. 10 / 11015, 54. te hi haranti dhAnyAdIni-ni.du.vR. 4 / 1, 55. mUSo'pyetasmAdeva-ni. 4 / 1, 56. uNA. 2 / 42, 57. R. 1 / 187 / 1 ni. 9 / 3, 58. thito sAmAnAm savizto thityo mAMmmazyo astvaithyAi hunUta gaethyAi ave.-9|10 (tritaH sAmAnAM zaviSThastrityo mAmyo asthanvatyai sunutajagatyai). 59. iSireNa tvAM prati savAtmanA gatenetyarthaH ni.du.vR. 4 / 1, 60. tAni hi zItaM vivAsayanti nAzyantItyarthaH - ni. du. 1.4 / 1, 61. janeraraSThaca -uNA. 5 / 38, 62. me.ko. 134 / 153,63. ni. 9 / 3, 64. uNA. 3 / 123, 65. ni. 4 / 2, 66. tatena carmaNA naddhaM titau- ni.du.vR. 4 / 2, 67. kSudracchidrazatopetaM cAlanaM titauH smRtaH 285 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kAtyAyana, 68. tanoterDauH sanvacca-uNA. 5 / 52,69. ni. 11 / 2, 70. Rjendra. uNA. 2 / 28, 71. ye hi lakSmIvantomavanti te svayamAtmAnaM na zlAghante ni.du.vR. 4 / 2, 72. lakSemuTa- uNA. 3 / 160, 73. zrayate: svAGgazira: kicca-uNA. 3 / 194, 74. ziraH pradhAne senAgre zikhare mastake'pi ca-medi. 17131, 75. zavatirgatikarmA kambojeSveva bhaassyte| vikAramasyAryeSubhASayantezavaiti-ni. 2 / 1,76. aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134,77. zusicimInAM dIrghazca-uNA. 2 / 26, 78. mevedvarNAmamAddhaMsa: siMho varNaviparyayAt gUDhotmA varNa vikRtervrnnnaashaatpRssodrm|| aSTA. 6 / 3 / 109 kI vyAkhyA ke lie dra. (si.ko.), 79. The Etymologies of Yaska, p.93, 80. pacAdyac-aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134,81. vahizriyu. uNA. 451, 81. ni. du.vR. 4 / 2, 83. kanInakeva vidradheH R 4 / 32 / 23, 84. jAra: kanInAM patirjanInAm-R. 164 / 4, 85. aghnyAdi. uNA. 4 / 112, 86. dRsanijani-uNA. 1 / 3, 87. uNA. 4 / 189, 88. vaidika vAGamaya meM bhASA cintana - pR.226, 89. R. 161 / 4,90. R. 10 / 29 / 3, 91. aSTA . 3 / 3 / 19, 92. aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 93. vAho bhuje pumAnmanibhedAzvavRSavAyuSu - medi. 175 / 9, 94. ni. 4 / 3, 95, yadA su ite tathA sugate ityrthH| yadA sUte iti tadA prajAyAm sUte devadattA putramiti prajAyata ityrthH| ni.du.vR. 4 / 3, 96. navena pUrvaM dayamAnAH syAma mai.saM. 4 / 13 / 8, 97. ya eka idvidayate vasu (kra. ve. 19847-itidAnakarmA vA vibhAgakarmAvA-ni. 4 / 3, 98.durvartubhImodayate vnaani-R.6|6|5itidhti karmA ni. 4.3, 99. vidvaddha surdayamAno vi shtruun-R.3|34|1 itihiMsAkarmA ni.4|3, 100. ime sutA indavaH iti-mantre dayamAnaHgatikarmA ni.4|3,101.assttaa 8 / 2 / 19 kI vyAkhyA ke lie dra. (si.ko.).102.dAnaM bhogo nAzastistro gatayo bhavanti vittsy| yo na dadAti na bhuMkte tasya tRtIyA gtirmvti|| nI.za. 43.103.ama.ko. 2 / 9 / 90, 104. na kUpamRcchati alpodakatvAt- ni.du.3.4|3,105.krmnnynn-assttaa.3|2|1,106.akuupaar: kUrmarAjasamudrayoH haima. 4 / 244, 107. sa hi kiMcit dRSTvA zvazarIre eva mukha sampuTaM, pravezayati ni.du.vR.4|3,108.supi. assttaa.3|2|4,109. ni.du.vR. 43, 110. Ato'nupa. aSTA 3 / 2 / 3, 111. rAtrau nakSate gacchati itivA-ni.du.. 4 / 3, 112. devAn ha vai yajJena yajamAnAMstAn asurarakSasAni rarakSurna yakSyadhva iti, tad yadarazaMstasmAdrakSAMsi-za.brA. 1 / 1 / 1 / 16, 113. sarvadhAtubhyo'sun-uNA. 4 / 189, 286 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 114.sutukaHsutukanaHsugabhana ityrthHni.du.3.4|3, 115. yuvaM cyavAnaM sanayaM yathArathaM punaryuvAnaM carathAya takSathuH R. 10 / 39 / 4, 116. aita. vaa:8|21, vizeSa-kIkaTa pradeza meM cyavanakA Azrama thA jo puNyavAn mAnA jAtA thaa| cyavanake AzramakI carcA vANabhaTTa ne apane harSacaritam meM kI hai| sarasvatI kA bhUtala avataraNa cyavanake AzramameM hI hotA hai| dra.vA.pu. evaM harSacaritam,117.kaninyuvRSi -unnaa.1|156,118.jyotiirj ucyate! udakaM raja ucyte| lokA rjaaNsyucynte| asRgahanI rajasI ucyte| ni. 4 / 3, 119. bhUrajibhyAM kit-uNA. 4.217, 120.jyotI...anuraMjayati dravyANisvena prakozena udakam svena snehAkhyena gunnenaanurNjyti| lokA.teSvapi hi prANino rjynte| ni.du.vR.4|3,121.jyotirhr ucyte|udkN hara ucyte|lokaa hraaNsyucynte| asRgahanIharasI ucyteni.4|3,122. ni.du.vR. 4 / 3 / kSINepuNye martyalokaM vizanti shriimdbh.-9|21, 123. pacAdyac aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 124. padaM devasya namasA vyantaH - R. 6 / 1 / 4, 125. vIhi zUra puroDAzam- R. 3141 / 3, 126. vItaM pAtaM payasa ustriyAyAH R. 1 / 153 / 4, 127. sphAyi taMci...vasi kAzi zubhibhyoraka uNA. 2 / 13, 128. aSTA. 8 / 3 / 110, 129. yamAnilendracandrArka viSNu siNhaaNshuvaajissu| zukAhikapibhekeSu hari kapile trissu|| ama. 3 / 3 / 174-175, 130. nighaNTu tathA nirukta a.4ApR.152, 131. zirISa kusumaprakhyAkecitpigaMlakaprabhA ni.du.3.4|3, 132. aca iH uNA. 4 / 139, 133. nighaNTu tathA nirukta-a. 4ApR. 152, 134. aSTA. 6 / 3 / 109, 135. uNA. 2 / 95, 136. uNA. 1 / 10, 137. nAbhyAsannaddhA garbhA jAyanta ityAhuH ni. 4 / 3, 138. ama. ko. 2 / 8 / 56, 139. uNA. 4 / 125, 140. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 94, 141. aSTA. 5 / 2 / 138, 142. ni. 113, 143. ni. 66, 144. ni. 4 / 4, 145. nirukta mImAMsA-pR.346, 146. aditiH kazyapasya maharSerdharmapatnI, AdityAdi devAnAMjananI ca ni.du.vR. 4 / 4, 147. zata. brA. 10 / 6 / 5 / 5, 148. dyati syati mA sthAm it ti kiti-aSTA. 7 / 4 / 40, 149. aditidyauriditirantarikSamaditirmAtA sa pitA sa putraH vizvedevA aditiH paMcajanA aditirjaatmditirjnitvm|| R 1 / 89 / 10, 150. sarvadhAtubhya: STran-uNA. 4159, 151. ni.du.vR. 4 / 4, 152. hato vA prApsyati svarga jitvA vA bhokSyase mhiim| tasmAduttiSTha kaunteya yuddhAya kRtnishcyH|| zrImadbha. 2 / 37, 153. bhrAtAbharaterharatikarmaNaH harate gibhartavyo bhavati-ni. 4 / 4, 287 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 154. aSTA . 8 / 2 / 32 kA vArtika hRgrahobhazcchandasi-dra., 155.kha ghatha dha mAM haH :- prAkR.prakA. 2 / 24, 156.The Etymologies of Yaska,p.65, 157. pacAdyaca aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 158. naudIrghazca -uNA. 5 / 13, 159. udicesi- uNA. 5 / 12, 160. ni. 14 / 1, 161. zyAstyAhRAvibhyainac-uNA. 2 / 46. 162. The Etymologies of Yaska, p.50, 163. uNA: 2 / 12, 164. :Indra is invoked alone in about one fourth of the hymns of the Rigveda for more than are addressed to any other duty'-A Vadic Reader for students, p.41 by Macdonull.,165. dasi darzanadaMzanayo:-hAyara saM.grA. (kAle) pR.pariziSTa dhAtu ko Sa 53,166.ni.du.vR. 4|4,167.ni. tathA nirukta-pR.155, 168. halA. pR. 694, 169. huyAmA. uNA. 4 / 168, 170. mAtrA karNavimUSAyAM ktei mAne pricchde| akSarAvayavesvalpe klIvaM kAtye 'vdhaarnne|| medi.ko. 12875-76, 171. assttaa.3|1|134, 172. uccairudAtta: zu.ya prA. 1108, 173. uccairAyAmena Urdhvagamanena gAtrANAm yaH svaro niSpadyate saH udAtta:-ubbaTa bhASya za.ya.prA. 1/108, 174. uccairudAtta: aSTA. 1 / 2 / 29, 175. tAlvAdiSu sabhAgeSu sthAneSUlamAge niSpanno'judAttasaMjJaHsyAt dra.si.ko. (aSTA. 1 / 2 / 29 kI dRtti), 176. aSTA. 3 / 2 / 102 aSTA. 7 / 4 / 47 (ac upasatti.), 177. nIcairanudAtta: zu.zu prA. 1 / 109, 178. nIcaiH mArdavena adhogamanena gAtrANAya svaroniSpadyate saH anudAtta saMjJaH bhavati (zu.ya prA. 1 / 109 sUtra kA bhASya). 179. nIcairanudAtta: aSTA. 1 / 2 / 30, 180. ajazchAge harerviSNo raghuje vedhasi smre| haima. 2 / 66, 181. pacAdyac- aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 182. aSTA. 2 / 2 / 102, 183. varSAsu hi pravRddhAni srotAMsizaradi vizIrya chidyante-ni.du.vR. 4 / 4, 184. nighaNTu tathA nirukta pR. 156, 185. zRdRbhaso'diH uNA. 1 / 130, 186. saptamohyasAvAdityaH putra ityevamaitihAsikA mnynte| brAhmaNo'pi c|...tsminnaadityH saptama indro'STatamaiti ha vijnyaayte| athavA sapta saMsthAyuktA asya razmayaH putrAstenA'sau sptputraaH| ni.du.vR. 4 / 4, 187. sapyazUmyAM tuT ca-uNA. 1 / 155, 188. vA. 3 / 3 / 58 vaa.6|1|12 (kRJAdInAMke) iti dvitvam, 189. cakra: koke pumAn klIvaM vaje sainysyaaNgyoH| rASTre dammAntare kumbhakAropakaraNAstrayaH) jalAvarte'pi... medi. 125 / 31-32, 190. sarvANyetAni nAmAni karmatastvAha shaunkH| AzIrUpaM ca vAcyaM ca sarvaM bhavati krmtH|| 288 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vRha.de. 1 / 27, 191. anyebhyo'pi vA. 3 / 2 / 101, 192. uNA. 3172 sa: syArdhadhAtuke (aSTA. 7 / 4 / 49) iti taH, 193. grISmo grasyante'sminasA : sUryeNani.dR.1.44, 194. uNA. 1 / 149 / Atomak dhAtoIbhAvaH pugAgamazca-grISmaH), 195. arzaAdyac aSTA. 5 / 2 / 127, 196. AgrahAyaNa poSamAsAtmakaH hemanta: halA. pR. 745. 197. hantermuT hi ca uNA. 3 / 129, aSTA. 7 / 3 / 84, 198. hantyoSadhi vanaspatInAm-ni.du.vR. 4 / 4, 199. uNA. 1 / 147, 200. uNA. 1141, 201.anyebhyo'pi. aSTA. 3.2175, 202. pcaadyc-assttaa.3|1|134, 203. paMcasaMkhyAmabhibhUya vartante-ni.du.vR., 204. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, 3 / 3 / 121, 205. upasarga gho: ki: assttaa.313|92. (kha) niruktake paMcama adhyAyake nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana niruktakA paMcama adhyAya nighaNTuke naigama kANDake dvitIya khaNDa kI vyAkhyA hai| naigama kANDake dvitIya khaNDameM svataMtra padoMkA saMgraha hai jisakI kula saMkhyA 84 hai| ina sAre zabdoMke nirvacana niruktake isa adhyAyameM kie gae haiN| naigama kANDake sAre zabda kliSTa saMskAra vAle haiN| anekArthaka honeke calate arthAnusaMdhAnameM ina zabdoMkI vyAkhyA meM ekase adhika nirvacana karanekI AvazyakatA par3I hai| niruktake paMcama adhyAyameM yAskane kula 134 padoMkA nirvacana kiyA hai jisameM nighaNTuke naigama kANDake dvitIya khaNDameM paThita 84 zabdoMmeM 77 zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiM zeSa-vakSaH, viSNuH, pariH, Im , sIm, enam aura enAm ina sAta zabdoMkA pUrva meM nirvacana kiyA jA cukA hai isakI sUcanA dekara raha jAte haiN| ina zabdoMmeM kucha nipAtoMke to mAtra artha hI batAkara apanA kArya pUrA kara lete haiN| enam evaM enAmke sambandhameM inakA kahanA hai ki ina zabdoM kI vyAkhyA caturtha adhyAyameM asyAH evaM asyake nirvacana prasaMgameM kI jA cukI hai| ye nirvacana spaSTa nahIM haiN| isa adhyAya meM 50 aise zabdoMkA bhI nirvacana kiyA gayA hai jo zabda prasaMgataH prApta haiN| ina zabdoMkA vaidika bhASAmeM upayoga to hai laukika saMskRtameM bhI atyadhika mahattva hai| isa adhyAyameM yAska dvArA prastuta134 zabdoMke nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| yadyapi kucha nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI kasauTI para khare nahIM utrte| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta nirvacanoMmeM-sasnim,vAhiSTha,vAvazAnaH,vAryam , amatra, 289: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ amA, pAtram , pApaH bhandanA, AhanaH, nadaH, akSA :, atiH, hAsamAne, dvitA, zaMbhuH, varAhaH, svasarANi, zaraH, arkaH, vaMzaH, paviH, dhanva, sinam , cit, dyumnam , pavitram,todaH, ariH, svaJcA, zipiviSTaH, AghRNiH, pRyuz2ayA, atharyuH, dIdhitayaH, araNI, AMgUSaH, ApAtamanyuH, dhuniH, zimI, RjISI, dhAnAH, babdhAm, zmazA, urvazI, apsarA, puSkara : puSpam , vayunam, vAjaspatyam, vAjagandhyam, gadhitA, taurayANaH, ahrayANaH, harayANaH, AritaH, bandI, niSpapI, sapaH, tUrNAzam , aMga, nicumpuNaH padiH, mukSIjA, pAduH, vusam, uraNaH, UMgA, joSavAkam , kRttiH, zvaghnI, kitavaH, urmiH, nauH, piparti, papuri, kuTa, zamba, pRthak, ima, kavacam, AhAvaH, AvahaH, avataH, koSaH, saMcayaH, kAkudaH kokuvA, jihvA, tAlu, vIriTam niyutaH, sRNiH, aMkuzaH zabda paragaNita haiN| ina zabdoM meM bahutoke ekase adhika nirvacana bhI prApta hote haiM jinameM eka yA ekase adhika to bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise pUrNa haiM lekina zeSa ke bhASA vaijJAnika AdhAra saMgata nhiiN| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise apUrNa nirvacanoMmeM narAH, dUtaH, asazcatI, pApaH, zvAtram, varAhaH, zaryAH, vaMzaH, sacA, A.varpaH, adhiguH, tRprahArI, zmazA, saH, puSkara, gadhyam , kaurayANaH kSumpam , nicumpuNaH, mukSIjA, dusam, vRkaH, svam, te sayaH, kavacam, droNam, sindhu, vIsTim, acchA zabda Ate haiN| inameM kucha zabdoMke.ekAdha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise. saMgata bhI hai| lekina zeSake dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nhiiN| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise apUrNa nirvacanoMmeM andhaH, vanuSyati, laSyatiH, paDbhiH , sasam, kANukA ..tRprahArI e.vaM asaMtrama ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| braH, ityA, tavasaH, samam:, carSaNiH, tUtumAkRSe zabda nirvacanakI dRSTise aspaSTa haiN| kizvaH zabdazabdAnukRti para AdhArita hai| Ahana: zabdake nirvacanameM lakSaNA kA AdhAra liyA gayA hai| nada zabdakI vyAkhyA yAska sAdRzyake AdhAra para karate haiN| svasarAgameM dRzyAtmaka AdhAra hai| puSpa zabda dhAtuja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| nirukta ke paMcama adhyAya meM vivecita nirvacanoM kA parizIlana draSyavya hai (1) sasnim :- isakA artha hotA hai megh| nirukta ke anusAra-sasni saMsnAtam megham1 arthAt vaha jaloM se samyak tayA snAta hai| jala se verita hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra sasnim zabdameM snA zauce yA veSTane dhAtukA yoga hai| sam + snA = ssnim| isake dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra snA dhAtuse 290 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kit pratyaya kara (dvitvakara) sasnim zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (2) vAhiSTha :- isakA artha hotA hai acchI taraha le jAne vaalaa| niruktake anusAra vAhiSTho voDhatamo' arthAt vaha prApaNe dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai| acchI taraha Dhone vAlA vAhiSTha kahalAtA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise vaha prApaNe dhAtuse tRc pratyaya kara vor3ha + iSThan, vAhiSThaH banAyA jA sakatA hai| (3) narA :- narakA artha manuSya hotA hai| niruktake anusAra-narA: manuSyAH nRtyanti karmasu1 arthAt ve apane kArya sampAdanameM nAcate rahate haiN| atyanta tatparatA se kArya sampAdana karate haiN| kArya sampAdanake samaya apane aMgoM kA idhara-udhara saMcAlana karate haiN| isa nirvacanake anusAra naraH zabdameM nRt gAtravikSepe dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| isameM vyaMjanagata audAsinya spaSTa hai| arthAtmakatAke AdhAra para yaha pratIta hotA hai ki yAskake samayameM manuSya kArya sampAdanameM kAphI gatizIla the| vyAkaraNake anusAra nR naye dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara naraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (4) dUta :- isakA artha hotA hai sandeza haark| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM-1-dUto javatervA arthAt vaha gatizIla hotA hai| isake anusAra dUta zabdameM gatyarthaka jU dhAtu kA yoga hai-jU + kta = jUta:- dUtaH (ja varNa kA da meM parivartana) 2-dravatervA1 arthAt die gaye kAryoM ke lie daur3atA rahatA hai| isa nirvacana ke anusAra dUta zabda meM gatyarthaka dru dhAtu kA yoga haidru+ktadruta dUta (da varNa sthita ra lopa evaM Adi svara dIrdhIkaraNa) (3) vArayatervA1 arthAt yaha jhagar3e Adi ko zAnta karatA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra vRAvaraNe dhAtuse Nyanta kara vAri tathA vAri kA dU bhAva + kta = duutH| dUta anarthoM se haTAtA hai| uparyukta samI nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se apUrNa haiN| dvitIya nirvacanameM bhI pUrNa dhvanyAtmakatA nhiiN| arthAtmaka AdhAra samI nirvacanoMkA upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra du mattI + kta yA duG paritApe + kta' pratyaya kara dUtaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (5) vAvazAnaH :- isakA artha hotA hai cAhatA huaa| yaha kRdanta zabda hai| niruktake anusAra -vAvazAno vaSTervA vAzyatervApa arthAt kAmanA karatA huA yA AhvAna karatA huaa| isake anusAra vAvazAnaH zabdameM vaz kAntau yA vAzR zabde dhAtukA yoga hai| 291 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra - vaz kAntau yA vA" zabde dhAtuse kAnac pratyaya kara vAvazAna: zabda banAyAjA sakatA hai| (6) vAryam :- isakA artha hotA hai varaNIya, vrdaan| niruktake anusAra 1. vAryaM vRNote: arthAt yaha varaNa karane yogya hotA hai| isake anusAra vAryam zabdameM vRJvaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| 2- athApi varatamam' arthAt vaha varatama- sarvotkRSTa hotA hai| isake anusAra bhI vAryam zabdameM vR dhAtukA hI yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra -vR varaNe + Nyat pratyaya kara vAryam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (7) andhaH :- yaha anekArthaka hai| niruktake anusAra 1-andhaH ityanna naam| AdhnIyaM bhavati1 arthAt andhaH annakA nAma hai kyoMki yaha saboMke dvArA AdhnIya yA prArthanIya hotA hai| isake anusAra andhaH zabdameM AG +dhyai dhyAne dhAtukA yoga hai| 2. tamo'pyandha ucyte| nAsmin dhyAnaM bhavati1 arthAt tama (andhakAra) ko bhI andhaH kahA jAtA hai kyoMki isameM koI vastu dekhI nahIM jAtI yA andhakArameM dhyAna nahIM ho paataa| isake anusAra andhas zabdameM na an + dhyai dhAtukA yoga haiN| andhakArako andhA karane vAlA bhI kahA jAtA hai andhaMtama iti abhimaassnte|1 andhA yA dRSTihInakA vAcaka andhaH zabdabhI isI prakAra niSpanna hotA hai 3. ayamapItaro'ndhaetasmAdeva1 dRSTihIna vAcaka andha: bhI an (naJ) + dhyai dhyAne dhAtuse hI niSpanna hogA kyoMki vaha bhI nahIM dekhtaa| artha parIkSaNake lie andhaH zabdameM dhyai dhyAne dhAtukA yoga mAnanA yAskakI vizeSatA hai| arthAtmaka mahattvase sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| kisIbhI nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa nahIM hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra andha dRSTyupaghAte dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara andhaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM annake lie andhaH zabdakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (8) amatram :- isakA artha hotA hai pAtra , brtn| niruktake anusAra amatra pAtram amA asminnadanti' arthAt isameM aparimita khAte haiN| aparimita loga isameM bhojana karate haiN| isake anusAra amatra zabdameM do pada khaNDa haiM am + atrm| am amAkA vAcaka hai| amAkA artha hai aprimit| addhAtu se rak pratyaya ke dvArA atram pada niSpanna hai am + atram = amtrm| upayukta arthAtmakatAke lie yAska 292 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabdake pratyeka aMzameM AdhAra khojate haiN| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka daSTikoNase yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| uparyukta nirvacanoMse patA calatA hai ki amatra bhojana karanekI thAlIkA vAcaka hai tathA yAskake samayameM bhI loga bhojanake lie isa prakArakI thAlIkA prayoga karate the| laukika saMskRtameM bhI isakA prayoga pAtra ke lie hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra am gatyAdiSu dhAtuse atran pratyaya kara amatram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|10 yAska SaSTha adhyAyameM amatrakA artha mAtrA rahita karate haiM-amAtro mahAn bhavati abhyamito vA11 arthAt amatra mahAn hotA hai, zatruoM se anabhihiMsita hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM a (na) + mA + atran pratyayakA yoghai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise bhI upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| (9) amA :- isakA artha hotA hai aparimitAniruktake anusAra-amA punaranirmitaM bhavati1 arthAt jo mApA na jA ske| isake anusAra amA zabdameM naJ-a+ mA mAne dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanase spaSTa hotA hai ki yAskake samayameM amA anirmita vastu hogI jo khAdya bhI ho sakatI hai| isakA artha aparimita mAnane meM lagatA hai yAska nirmita yA banI huI vastuoMko parimita mAnate haiM kyoMki eka parimANameM usakA nirmANa ho cukA rahatA hai| anirmita punaH asImita hotA hai| ataH amA zabdameM a nArtha hai tathA mA mAne dhaatu| isa AdhAra para yAskakA yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| amA zabdakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM sAtha evaM nikaTake lie hotA hai|13 vyAkaraNake anusAra a+ mA mAne dhAtuse kvip pratyaya kara amA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|14 (10) pAtram :- isakA artha hotA hai vrtn| niruktake anusAra -pAtraM pAnAt arthAt jisase pAna kiyA jAya use pAtra kahate haiN| isa nirvacana ke anusAra pAtram zabdameM pA pAne dhAtukA yoma hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| isa nirvacanase spaSTa hotA hai ki yAskake samayamai pIneke bartanako hI pAtraM kahA jAtA thA jabaki Aja kala koI bhI bartana cAhe usameM khAyA jAya yA pAna kiyA jAe yA isake atirikta bhI koI dUsare upayogameM lAyA jAe, pAtra kahalAtA hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise artha vistAra kahA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra pA pAne dhAtuse STrana5 pratyaya kara pAtram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (11) asazcantI :- isakA artha hotA hai alaga-alaga rahatI huI yA anupkssiinn| 293 : tyatpatti vijJAna aura bhAcA 'mka
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________________ niruktake anusAra10 asazcantI asajyamAne itivA1 arthAt alipta rahatI huii| isake anusAra isa zabdameM a- (na) + saGgha saMge dhAtukA yoga hai| 2- avyudasyantyAviti vA arthAt naSTa nahIM hotI huii| donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise apUrNa haiN| donoM arthAtmaka mahatva rakhate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra a + saGg + zatR + DIp pratyaya kara asazcantI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (12) vanuSyati :- isakA artha hotA hai maarnaa| niruktake anusAra vanuSyati hntikrmaa| arthAt vanuSyati hanti karmA hai| yAska ise anavagata saMskArakA pada mAnate haiN|16 yAska isake lie dhAtu pratyayakA nirdeza nahIM krte| hanti karmA kahanese hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa zabdameM hiMsArthaka van dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana prakriyA evaM bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa hai| __(13) pApa :- isakA artha hotA hai-paapii| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM1- pApaH pAtA'peyAnAm' arthAt apeya padArthoMko pIne vAlA pApI kahA jAtA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra pApaH zabdameM pA pAne dhAtukA yoga hai| 2- pApatyamAno vA' athavA vaha pApa karmase vAra-vAra girAyA jAtA hai| isake anusAra pApaH zabdameM pat dhAtukA yoga hai| 3. avADeva patatIti vA1 arthAt vaha nIcekI aura giratA jAtA hai, narakameM hI jAtA hai|18 isake anusAra bhI pApaH zabdameM pat dhAtukA yoga hai| 4. pApatyatervA syAt1 vAra-vAra giraneke kAraNa vaha pApaH kahalAtA hai| yaha pat dhAtuke yaGa luka prayogase niSpanna hotA hai| pApatyakA pA Adeza tathA pa pratyaya kara pApa: banAyA gayA hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase sabhI nirvacana upayukta hai| prathama nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| prathama nirvacanase spaSTa hotA hai ki kutsita pAna karane vAlA pApI kahA jAtA thaa| sAthahI sAtha pApiyoMko narakameM bhI jAnA paDatA thaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra pApa dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara pApaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|19 (14) taruSyati :- isakA artha hotA hai hiMsA krnaa| yAska isake nirvacanameM mAtra kahate hai - taruSyatirapyevaM karmA arthAt taruSyatimI isI hiMsArthaka dhAtukA hai| isake anusAra tara hiMsAyAM dhAtukA yoga isa zabdameM mAnA jaaymaa| dhAtu pAThameM hiMsArthaka tar dhAtukI upalabdhi nahIM hotii|20 vaidika kAlameM tar dhAtu hiMsArthakamI hogA1 nirukta prakriyA evaM bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise pUrNa nirvacana nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| (15) mandanA :- yaha stutikA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra mandanA bhandate: 294 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ stutikarmaNa: arthAt bhandanA zabda stutyarthaka bhand dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai| isake anusAra mandanAkA artha hogA jisase stutikI jaae| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| bhandanA zabdakA prayoga stutike arthameM laukika saMskRtameM prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| isase milatA julatA vandanA zabda laukika saMskRtameM milatA hai| lagatA hai bhandanA hI vandanA rUpameM prApta hotA hai| yadyapi vand dhAtu abhivAdana evaM stuti arthameM dhAtupAThameM upalabdha hai| (16) AhUna :- isakA artha hotA hai kaTu bhaassnnshiilaa| yaha sambodhanakA pada hai| niruktake anusAra AhaMsIva bhASamANetyasabhyabhASaNAdAhanA iva bhvti| etasmAdAhanaH syAt1 arthAt AghAta sI pahuMcAtI huI bhASaNa karatI asabhya bhASaNa se AghAta karane vAlI AghAtaka sI ho jAtI hai|22 ata: Ahana aisA sambodhana kiyA jAtA hai| isake anusAra Ahana zabdameM A + han dhAtukA yoga hai isakA dhvanyAtmaka tathA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| kaTubhASiNIke arthame lakSaNAkA AdhAra mAnA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra A + han +asun = Ahanas - AhanA: sambodhanameM AhanaH pada banAyA jA sakatA hai| AhanaHko hathaur3eke sAmAna coTa karane vAlI kahA jAya to adhika acchA hogaa| hankA hI hathaur3e ke lie ghana zabdakA prayoga hindI bhASAmeM pracalita hai arthAtjo coTa pahuMcAe use ghana kahate haiN| (17) nada :- isakA artha RSi hotA hai| niruktake anusAra-RSirnado bhvti|1 nadateH stutikarmaNaH arthAt nadaH zabda nad stutau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki ve stuti mukta hote haiN| Nad dhAtu stuti arthameM nighaNTu paThita hai|24 laukika saMskRtameM pad-avyakte zabde dhAtu prasiddha hai| uparyukta nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM nadakA artha nadI hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra Nad avyakte dhAtuse ac5 pratyaya kara nadaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| nadiyAM bhI pravAhita hone para dhvani karatI hai| naddhAtumeM arthApakarSa pArasa jAtA hai| yAska nadIko bhI naddhAtuse niSpanna mAnate haiM kyoMki ve zabdavatI hotI hai| dhvanisAdRzyake kAraNa nadImeM bhI nad dhAtu mAnA gayA hai|26 (18) akSA:- yaha anekArthaka hai| niruktameM isake kaI artha kie gaye haiN| isase sambaddhakaI AcAryoMke mata prAptahote haiN|1-akssaa: aznoterityevameke arthAt kucha 295 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ AcAryoMke anusAra akSA : zabdameM az vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA vyApta hone vaalaa| yAska somo akSA :ke nirvacana kramameM Rgvedake mantroMkA ullekha karate haiN|27 tadanusAra akSA : kriyA pada hai| akSA :kA prayoga saMjJApadake lie bhI hotA hai jisakA artha dyUta-krIr3AkA pAzA hotA hai| yahAM akSAH kriyApada aznute kA sthAnApanna hai| 2. kSiyati nigama: pUrva : kSarati nigamaH uttara ityeke|' arthAt kucha AcAryoMkA vicAra hai ki-anUpe gomAngobhirakSA somodugdhAbhirakSAH lopAza: siMha pratyaJcamatsA :28 isa mantrameM prathama akSAkA artha nivAsa karanA hai jisake anusAra akSAH zabdameM kSi nivAse dhAtukA yoga hai| kSi akSA H / uttara pada akSA meM kSar pravAhe dhAtukA yoga hai jisake anusAra isakA artha hogA pravAhita hotA hai| 3-sarve kSiyati nigamA iti zAkapUNi:1 AcArya zAkapUNike anusAra ukta mantrameM prayukta akSA :ke sabhI nirvacanameM kSi nivAse dhAtukA yoga hai| uparyukta varNanase spaSTa hai ki akSA: zabdameM az, kSi, evaM kSar dhAtukA yoga mAnA gayA hai| zAkapUNi AcArya akSAH zabdameM az vyAptau tathA kSar saMcalane dhAtukA yoga nahIM mAnate haiN| ye samI nirvacana arthAtmaka saMgatike lie hI kiye gaye haiN| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise yaha upayukta nahIM hai| laukika saMskRtameM akSa : saMjJApadake rUpameM prayukta hotA hai tathA isake kaI artha hote haiM karSa (SoDaza mASA kA pramANa vizeSa) juA khelanekA pAzA, pahiyA, baher3A, vyavahAra aadi|29 vyAkaraNake anusAra akS vyAptau dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara akSa : zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (19) zvAtram :- isakA artha hotA hai-shiighr| niruktake anusAra-zvAtramiti kSipranAmAzu atanaM bhavati1 arthAt vaha satata gati vAlA yA zIghra gati vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra zvAtram zabdameM at gatau dhAtukA yoga hai Azu-zu-A + at + rak = su + At + rak = shvaatrm| AzukA varNa viparyaya hokara zu + A tathA at + rak = zvAtmA yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhArase yaha yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| (20) UMtiH :- isakA artha hotA hai-rakSA krnaa| niruktake anusAra utirakhanAt arthAt rakSA karaneke kAraNa UtiH kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra utiH zabdameM ad kSaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| va kA u samprasAraNakA pariNAma hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (21) hAsamAne :- isakA nirvacana navama adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai| hAsamAne 296 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabdakA artha hotA hai spardhA karatI huii| niruktake anusAra hAsamAne hAsatiH spardhayAM harSamANe vA31 arthAt hAs dhAtuse yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai jo spardhA yA prasanna honA arthakA dyotaka hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (22) paDbhi :- isakA artha hotA hai peya padArthoM ke sAtha yA somake sAtha! niruktake anusAra 1- paDbhiH pAnairiti vA1 arthAt yaha pA pAne dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isakA pAna hotA hai| 2. spAzanairitivA1 arthAt yaha spaz bAdhanasparzanayo: dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki stutiyoMse yaha spRSTa hotA hai| 3. sparzanairitivA1 arthAt yaha spRz sparze dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusArabhI isakA artha hogA spRsstt| paDbhiH paT zabdake tRtIyA bahubacanakA rUpa hai| dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai-paz bhis. paDbhiH ghoSa mahAprANavarNa bha ke pUrva sthita za kA D ho gayA hai, jo upayukta hai| spaz dhAtukI mAnyatA yAskakI apanI vizeSatA hai| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| (23) sasam :- isakA artha hotA hai svpnshiil| niruktake anusArasvapanametamAdhyamikaM jyotiranityadarzanam1 arthAt svapnazIlajo AkAzastha yadA kadA dRzya hone vAlI mAdhyamika jyoti (vidyuta) hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra sasam zabdameM svap dhAtukA yoga patA calatA hai| yaha aspaSTa nirvacana hai| laukika saMskRtameM ukta arthameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| sas svapne dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara sasam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| (24) dvitA :- isakA artha hotA hai do sthAnoMkA yA do prkaarkaa| niruktake anusAra dvitA dvaidhaM madhyame ca sthAna uttame cA' arthAt dvitakA artha hotA hai do prkaarkaa| vidyutke.rUpameM antarikSa sthAna tathA sUryake rUpameM dhusthAna evaM uttama sthAnakA vAcaka hai| inhIM do sthAnoM ko dvitA kahA jAtA hai| dvaitam se hI dvitA zabda mAnA gayA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (25) zaMbhuH- isakA artha hotA hai sukha utpanna karane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra zaMbhuH sukhamU:' arthAt zaMbhuH zabdameM zam sukhakA vAcaka hai tathA bhU dhaatu| zam (sukham)bhU: zaMbhusvira parivartana isameM spaSTa hai|iskaa dhvanyAtmakaevaM arthAtmaka AdhAra 1. 297 vyutpatti vijJAna aura prAcArya ska
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________________ upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zam upapad + bhU dhAtu + Da32 pratyaya kara zambhuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM zambhu zabda zaMkara, viSNu, brahmA, agni, AdikA vAcaka hai|33 ina devatAoMmeM zaMkarake lie to zaMbhu zabdakA prayoga huA hai| artha sAdRzyake AdhAra para ina devatAoMke arthameM bhI zaMbhu zabda rUDha ho gayA hai| zambhukA zabdika artha tathA nirvacana gata artha hotA hai - sukha zAnti pradAna karane vaalaa| isa guNase yukta honeke kAraNa zaMkara Adi zambhuH kahalAye / isa zabdakA prayoga vyApaka arthameM pAyA jAtA hai| (26) drA :- isakA artha hotA hai - zikAra karane vAlA, AkheTaka / niruktake anusAra - vrAH vrAtyAH praiSAH 1 arthAt krtyAse brAH mAnA gayA / vrAtyAH kA artha hotA hai sevaka, naukara yA AkheTaka | isa nirvacanameM dhAtu pratyaya spaSTa nahIM hai| artha spaSTa karaneke lie vrAtyA zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase yaha nirvacana apUrNa hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (27) varAha :- yaha anekArthaka hai| yAskane isakA nirvacana kaI arthoMmeM kiyA hai|1vraaho megho bhvti|' arthAt varAha meghako kahA jAtA hai kyoMki yaha zreSThavastu jalako lAtA hai yA zreSTha vastu jala isakA AhAra haiN| isake anusAra varAhaH zabdameM vara + AhAraH, vara + A + hR dhAtukA yoga hai| brAhmaNa granthoM meM bhI varAha zabdakA nirvacana meghake lie huA hai -varamAhAramAhArSIH iti ca brAhmaNam 34 arthAt brAhmaNa granthake anusAra jala rUpa zreSTha AhArako lAneke kAraNa varAha kahalAtA hai / 2 varAhakA artha zUkara bhI hotA hai-ayamapItaro varAha etasmAdeva / vRhati mUlAni / varaM varaM mUlaM vRhatIti vA1 mUloM, jaDoMko ukhADaneke kAraNa varAha kahalAtA hai yA yaha acche-acche mUloM, jar3oMko ukhAr3atA hai isalie varAha kahalAtA hai| zUkarako mustA AdikI jar3a adhika priya hai| ata: vaha use ukhAr3atA rahatA hai| usake anusAra varAhaH zabda vara + A + hR dhAtukA yA vRh dhAtukA yA vara vRh varhaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| vara + A + hR se banA varAha zabdakA artha hotA hai zreSTha mustA Adi mUloMkA AhAra karane vaalaa| vara +A+ ha = varAhAra:- varAhaH / aMgirasa gotrIyako bhI varAha kahA jAte hai- aMgiraso'pi varAhA ucyante / " madhyama sthAnIya devatAgaNaM bhI varAha kahe jAtA haiN| athopyete mAdhyamikA devagaNA varAhava ucyante / yAska aMgirasa gotrIyake lie varAha tathA madhyama sthAnIya marut Adi devatAoM ke lie varAhu zabdakA alagase nirvacana nahIM dete| lagatA hai 298 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ sAdRzyake AdhAra para ina logoMko bhI varAha kahA jAne lgaa| vedoMse uddharaNa dekara spaSTa kara dete haiMki varAhaH zabda aMgirasa gotrIya logoMke lie35 tathA varAha zabda madhyamasthAnIya devatAoMke lie26 bhI prayukta hotA hai| laukika saMskRtameM varAhaH zabdakA prayoga zUkarake lie hI vizeSa rUpameM hotA hai| isa prakAra varAha zabdameM artha saMkoca mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra vara + A + hR se varAhaH mAnanA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka saMgatike lie upayukta hogaa| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra vara + A + han + Da pratyaya kara varAha zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|37 (28) svasarANi :- svasarakA bahubacana rUpa svasarANi hai| svasarakA artha hotA hai din| niruktake anusAra 1. svasarANi ahAni bhvnti| svayaM sArINyapi vA' arthAt ye dina svayaM gatimAna hote haiM yA calate haiN| isake anusAra svara zabda meM sva + sR gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| svarAdityo bhavati sa enAni saaryti|1 arthAt sva:kA artha Aditya hotA hai| Aditya inheM (dina ko) gati detA hai yA calAtA hai|38 isake anusAra svasara zabdameM sva:- + sa gatau dhAtukA yoga hai sva: saMjJA pada AdityakA vAcaka hai| donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| donoM nirvacanoMmeM dRzyAtmaka AdhAra apanAyA gayA hai| (29) zaryA :- yaha zabda anekArthaka hai| yAskane kaI arthoM meM isakA nirvacana prastuta kiyA hai-1-zaryA aMgulayo bhvnti| sRjntikrmaanni| arthAt zaryA aMguliyAM hotI hai, kyoMki vaha karmokA sRjana karatI hai yA kAma karatI rahatI hai| isake anusAra zaryAH zabdameM sRj dhAtukA yoga hai| sRja se srjaa-shryaa| zaryA:kA artha vANa bhI hotA hai-zaryA iSavaH zaramayya:' arthAt ye vANa sarakaNDoMse bane hote haiM isalie zaryA: kahatyate haiN| isake anusAra zaryAH zabdameM zR hiMsAyAM + ap = zaraH + yat (mayaT arthama) pratyayakA yoga hai| vANake arthameM zaryA:kA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase donoM nirvacana upayukta haiN| vANake artha meM prApta zaryAkA nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise upayukta hai| (30)zara:- isakA artha hotA hai vANAniruktake anusAra zaraH zRNAte:1 arthAt yaha hiMsA karatA hai| vANakA prayoga mArane (hiMsA)ke lie hotA hai|iske anusAra zaraHzabdameM zR hiMsAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai|bhaassaa vijJAnake anusAraise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa|vyaakrnnke anusAra zR 299 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hiMsAyAM dhAtuse ap pratyaya kara zaraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 39 saraH zabdakA mI prayoga vANake arthameM hotA hai / vANake arthameM saraH mAnane para sR gatau dhAtuse ac40 pratyaya kara ise banAyA jaaegaa| (31) arka :- yaha zabda anekArthaka hai| yAskane kaI arthoM meM isakA nirvacana prastuta kiyA hai 1- arka: devo bhvti|' ydenmrcnti| arthAt arkakA artha devatA hotA hai kyoMki loga inakI pUjA karate haiN| isake anusAra arka: zabdameM arc pUjAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai| 2- arko mantro bhavati yadanenArcanti / ' arthAt arkakA artha mantra hotA hai kyoMki isa mantrase loga (devatAoMkI) arcanA karate haiM / 41 isake anusAra bhI arka: zabdameM arc pUjAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai / 3- arkamannaM bhavati arcati bhuutaani|' arthAt (arka annako kahate haiM kyoMki yaha sabhI prANiyoMko jIvita rakhatA haiN| isake anusAra arka: zabdameM jIvanArthaka arc dhAtukA yoga hai| 4- arko vRkSo mavati saMvRttaH kaTukimnA / " arthAt arkakA artha vRkSa hotA hai kyoMki vaha kaTutva yukta hotA hai| akavana vRkSa kaTuva kI pradhAnatAke calate arka kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra arka: zabdameM vR AvaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| yAskake prathama, dvitIya evaM tRtIya nirvacanoMmeM arc dhAtukA yoga hai phalataH ye tInoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta haiN| caturtha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise upayukta nahIM hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra arc pUjAyAM dhAtuse ghaJ pratyaya kara yA ark stavane dhAtuse ghaJ pratyaya kara arkaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM arka zabdakA prayoga sUrya, akavanavRkSa, sphaTika, tAmra, brahmA Adi arthoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| 43 (32) vaMza :- isakA artha hotA hai bAMsa / nirukta ke anusAra 1- vaMzo vanazayo bhavati1 arthAt yaha vanameM zayana karane vAlA hotAM hai isalie bAMsa kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra vaMzaH zabdameM vana + zIG svapne dhAtukA yoga hai| 2- vananAcchrarUyata iti vA' arthAt isakI sevA karanese zabda sunA jAtA hai| vAMsakI vAMsurIseM dhvani nikalatI hai| isake anusAra vaMza zabdameM van sammuktau dhAtukA yoga hai| vana sammaktause isakA nirvacana mAnane para isakA artha vibhinna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai44 kyoMki bAMsa apanI pratyeka gAMThase vibhAjita hotA hai| aMtima nirvacanameM pAThAntara prApta hotA hai1-vananAt zrayate 1 isake AdhAra para van + zri dhAtukA yoga hai| isa AdhAra para isakA artha hogA- bAMsakI sevA karanese Azraya pradAna karatA hai| ( isase bAMsa kI 300 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ upayogitA siddha hotI hai| 2- vananAt zrUyate1 isake anusAra van + zrudhAtuse vaMza banatA hai| isa AdhAra para isakA artha hogA sevA karanese dhvani sunAI par3atI hai| yAskakA prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se saMgata hai| arthAtmaka dRSTise samI nirvacana upayukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra caz kAntau dhAtuse ghaJpa pratyaya kara evaM num kA Agama kara vaMzaHzada banAyA jA sakatA hai yA vana sammaktau+za:= vaMzaH banAyA jA sakatA haiN| (33) pavi :- isakA artha hotA hai-sthanemi hAla, cakrake cAroM ora lage lauhkRt| niruktake anusAra paviH sthnemirmvti| yadvipunAti bhUmim' arthAt jo bhUmiko ukhAr3atI hai vaha paviH kahalAtI hai| isake anusAra paviH zabdameM pU dhAtukA yoga hai| pUdhAtu vizaraNa evaM pavitrIkaraNa artha hotA hai pavitrIkaraNa artha mAnane para pavi:kA artha hogA jo pavitra karatA hai| yahAM pUvizaraNe dhAtukA hI yoga mAnA jaaegaa| yAska niruktake dvAdaza adhyAyameM paviHkA artha vajra bhI karate haiN| vajra indrAyudhakA nAma hai| vraja vAcaka paviHke nirvacanameM paviH zalyo bhavati yadvipunAtikAyam arthAt pavi: zalya (vaja) hotA hai jo zarIrako vidAraNa karatA hai| pavi:ke artha sAdRzyake kAraNa hI isake stha nemi evaM vajra do artha hote haiN| donoM arthoM meM pU vidAraNe dhAtukA yoga mAnA gayA hai| sthanemi bhUmiko phAr3atI hai, vaz2a bhI zarIra evaM mUmiko phAr3a detA hai| laukika saMskRtameM paviHkA artha vajrahI pAyA jAtA hai| donoM arthoMmeM paviHkA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra pUJ pavane dhAtuse i:49 pratyaya kara paviH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (34) dhanvana :- dhanvanakA artha antarikha hotA hai| niruktake anusAra dhanvAntasviM dhanvantyasmAdApaH arthAt isase jala girate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM dhann patI dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| mASA vijJAnake anusAramI ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| laukika saMskRtameM dhanvan zabdakA artha dhanuSa hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra dhavi gatau + kanin pratyaya kara dhanvan zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| dhanuSameM bhI gati hotI hai| ataH dhanuSako bhI dhanvan kahA gayA (35)sinamaH- isakA artha hotA hai annAniruktake anusAra-sinamannaM bhavati sinAtimUtAniAarthAt isasesamI prANIbaMdherahate haiMyA yaha prANiyoMko bAMdheskhatA haisamI prANI isIke vazIbhUta haiN|iske anusAra sinam zabdameM SiJ baMdhane dhAtuse auNAdik 301 : vyutpati vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nak pratyaya kara sinam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM pAyA jaataa| (36) ityA :- yAskane isake nirvacanameM kahA hai ki amuthA zabdase hI isakI vyAkhyA ho gyii| amuthA zabdakA nirvacana niruktake tRtIya adhyAyameM huA hai| yathA asau se amuthA zabdako mAnA gayA hai| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra idam-i + thA51 pratyayase ityA zabda banA hai| vyatyayase vimaktikA DAdeza hokara itthA zabda niSpanna hai52 (37) sacA :- yaha eka nipAta hai| yAska mAtra isakA artha spaSTa karate haiMsacAkA artha hotA hai eka saath| nirvacana prakriyA tathA bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nirvacana nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| isakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra isameM sac samavAye dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaaegaa| yAska dhAtukA nirdeza nahIM karate haiN| (38) cit :- yaha bhI eka nipAta hai tathA anekArthaka hai| yAska cit nipAtakA vibhinna arthoMmeM prayoga kara artha spaSTa karate haiN| AcAryazcididaM brUyAt53 meM cit nipAtakA prayoga sammAnArthaka hai| dadhicit53 meM citkA prayoga upamArthaka haiN| kulmASAMzcidAhara53 isameM citkA prayoga kutsitArthaka hai| upamArthaka cit nipAta anudAtta hotA hai| pazuke arthameM citkA prayoga udAtta hotA hai-athApi pazunAmeha bhavatyudAttaH cidasi manAsi dhIrasi14 isa uddharaNameM cit pazu vAcaka hai tathA udAtta hai| citke nirvacanameM yAskakA kahanA hai- citAstvayi bhogAzcetayatyaitivA1 arthAt vaha pazu bhogake lie saMcita hai ataH cit zabdameM ci cayane dhAtukA yoga hai| athavA yaha cetanA dene vAlI hai| isa AdhAra para isa zabdameM cit saMjJAne dhAtukA yoga hai| ci yA cit dhAtuse cit zabda mAnanemeM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| nipAtoMkA nirvacana karanA yAskakI apanI vizeSatA hai| ina nirvacanoM se spaSTaho jAtA hai ki samI nipAta kisI na kisI dhAtuse avazya niSpanna hoNge| (39) A:- yaha eka upasarga hai| yaha bhI kaI arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| yAska isakA kaI arthoM meM prayoga dikhalAte haiM-devebhyazca pitRbhya Apa5 isa udAharaNameM A upasarga samuccayArthaka hai| adhike arthameM bhI A upasargakA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai amra A apa: yahAMA upasarga adhike arthameM prayukta huA hai-meghameM jalayA jalameM meghAadhi kA 302 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ artha hotA hai (usake andara / bhASA vijJAna evaM nirvacana prakriyAke anusAra ise upayukta nirvacana nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| (40) dyumnam :- isakA artha hotA hai yaza evaM anna / niruktake anusAra - dyumnam dyotate : ' arthAt dyumna zabda dyut dIptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaza evaM anna donoM dIpta hote haiN| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAegA / dyumna zabdameM mna ko pratyaya mAnA jaaegaa| laukika saMskRtameM yaha zabda dhanakA vAcaka hai | 56 vyAkaraNake anusAra div + mnAH+kaH pratyaya kara ghumnam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 57 (41) pavitram :- yaha anekArthaka hai| isakA zAbdika artha hai pUta / niruktake anusAra pavitraM punAte:58 arthAt pavitram zabda puJ pavane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai / mantrako bhI pavitra kahA jAtA hai kyoMki isase devatA loga apaneko sadA pavitra karate haiN| pavitra karane vAle guNase yukta honeke kAraNa hI razmi, jala, agni, vAyu, soma, sUrya evaM indra pavitrake nAmase abhihita haiN| sUrya razmi sparza mAtrase hI pratyeka vastuoMko pavitra kara detI hai| isI prakAra jalase bhI loga pavitra ho jAte haiN| agni vAyu somAdimeM bhI isI prakAra ke pavitra karane vAle guNa haiN| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra putra pavane dhAtuse itra pratyaya kara pavitram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|59 laukika saMskRtameM pavitra zabda kuza, tAmra, arthopakaraNa Adike lie bhI prayukta hotA hai / 60 (42) toda :- isakA artha hotA hai - bhUmi kA chidra, kUpa / niruktake anusAratostudyate : 58 arthAt yaha zabda tud vyathane dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha chidrita hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra tud vyarthane dhAtuse ghaJ pratyaya karatodaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai | 39 (43) ari :- yaha zatru kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra arira mitra RccharteH arthAt ariH amitra ko kahate haiN| isake anusAra ari: zabda Rcch gatau dhAtu ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai| jo zatruoM ke prati gamana karatA hai use ari: kahate haiN| isI nirvacanake anusAra Izvara ( devatA ) bhI ariH kahe jAte haiM- Izvaro'pyari retasmAdeva58 gati karane ke kAraNa, inake prati gamana karate haiM yA ye sabhI bhUtoM ke prati gamana karate haiM ataH sabhI bhUta * 303 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ari: kahalAte haiN| isa nirvacanameM R dhAtukA guNa hokara ara tathA ariH bana gayA hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| laukika saMskRtameM ari: zabda R hiMsArthaka dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna mAnA jAtA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra R dhAtu se i:1 pratyaya kara ariH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|durgaacaary ariHzabdameM hiMsArthaka R dhAtukA yoga mAnate haiN| (44) svacA :- isakA artha hotA hai-sundara gamana yukt| niruktake anusArasvaJcA: su aJcanA:58 arthAt sundara gati vaalaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM su+aJca gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| (45) zipiviSTa :- yaha viSNukA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra-zipiviSTa viSNuriti viSNojhai nAmanI bhvtH| kutsitArthIyaM pUrvaM bhvtiityaupmnyvH| arthAt zipiviSTa evaM viSNu viSNuke do nAma haiN| AcArya aupamanyavake anusAra prathama nAma arthAt zipiviSTa kutsita artha rakhane vAlA hai| isake nirvacanameM kahA gayA hai- zepa iva nirveSTita:58 arthAt zepa (zizna) ke samAna nirveSTita (ngn))| yaha aprakhyApanIya nAma hai| zipiviSTakA uttama artha bhI kiyA gayA hai jo sabajagaha grahaNa karane yogya hai| zipiviSTakA artha hogA pUrNa, razmiyoM se yukt| zipayoDana razmaya ucyante tairAviSTo bhavati arthAt zipi razmikA vAcaka hai tathA una razmiyoMse yuktako zipiviSTa kahA jAtA hai| donoMhI nirvacana viSNu (Aditya) ke arthameM saMgata haiN| prathama nirvacanake sambandhameM aupamanyavakA kahanA hai ki yaha azlIla artha prakaTa karane vAlA hai| yAska Adityake arthameM zepa iva nirveSTitaHkA artha apratipanna razmi kaste haiN|58 apratipanna razmi kahanekA tAtparya hai ki sUrya sUryodaya kAlameM kiraNoMse pUrNa veSTita nahIM rhte| mAtra prakAza svarUpa (zepa) hI rahate haiN|64 ataH yAskake anusAra isakA artha kutsita nahIM hai| zipi +viz + kta = zipiviSTaH dvitIya nirvacanameM zipi +AviSTiH zipi +viz +kt| donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase sampanna haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha sAmAsika zabda mAnA jaaegaa| zepairAviSTaH shipivissttH| laukika saMskRtameM zipiviSTa zabdakA prayoga roga Adike kAraNa jhar3e bAla vAle khalvATa, kharAba camar3e vAlA , ziva, viSNu Adike arthameM hotA hai|65 / / (46) varpa :- yaha rUpakA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra varSa iti ruupnaam| 304 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAmka,
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________________ vRNotIti sata. arthAt yaha vastuoMko AvRta kara letA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vRvaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka zaithilya hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya: dekhA nahIM jAtA hai| (47) tavasaH :- yaha zabda mahatkA paryAya hai| niruktake anusAra-tavasa iti mahato naamdheym|58 udito bhavati arthAt yaha udita hotA hai| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| isa zabdakA dhAtu pratyaya pUrNatayA aspaSTa hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa tathA saMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| (48) AghRNiH :- isakA artha hotA hai prdiipt| niruktake anusAra-AghRNi: AgatahRNi:58 arthAt krodha yA dIptiko praapt| isake anusAra AghRNi: zabdameM A + hRNiH kA yoga hai| A AgatakA vAcaka hai tathA hRNi: dIpti yA krodha kA!66 hRNiH sthita ha kA gha varNa viparyayake dvArA ho gayA hai| ha varNakA mahAprANa varNameM parivartana anya zabdoMmeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai-hankA jaghAna aadi| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha sAmAsika zabda hai-Agato ghRnnirdiiptirsy| (49) pRthujrayA :- isakA artha hotA hai pravala vegvaalaa| niruktake anusArapRthujrayAH pRthujava:58 arthAt pRthu vegvaalaa| isake anusAra pRthu jrayA zabda meM pRthu+ z2i dhAtukA yoga hai| jri dhAtu nighaNTu paThita hai jo gati arthameM hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra pRthu +z2i +azun pratyaya kara pRthujrayas-pRthujrayaH pRthujrayA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (50) atharyu :- isakA artha hotA hai sttgmnshiil| niruktake anusAraatharyum atanavantam18 arthAt atharyu zabda at sAtatyagamane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA jAne vaalaa| at - athas +yuH athryuH| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase bhI yaha upayukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| atharyumeM yu tadvAn arthameM pratyaya hai dhAtu sthita ta kA tha mahAprANIkaraNa hai jo bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise saMgata hai| adhvaryu:67 idaMyu:68Adi zabdoMmeM bhI yu pratyaya hI hai|(at-atr +yu:=ataryuH atharyuH) 305 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (51) dIdhitaya :- yaha aMgulikA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - dIdhitayo'guMlayo bhavanti, dhIyante krmsu|58 arthAt inheM kAryoM meM lagAyI jAtI hai| ataH dIdhitaya:kA artha hotA hai aNguliyaaN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM dhI AdhAre dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| laukika saMskRtameM dIdhiti kiraNake arthameM prayukta hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise dIdhiG dIptidevanayoH dhAtuse ktica69 pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskane niruktake tRtIya adhyAyameM dIdhitikA artha vidhAna kiyA hai|70 vidhAna vAcaka dIdhiti:ke lie bhI yaha nirvacana upayukta mAnA jA sakatA hai| (52) araNI :- isakA artha hotA hai kASTha vizeSa, agni pakar3ane vAlI lakar3I jisake saMgharSaNase yajJakI agni nikalatI hai| niruktake anusAra 1- araNI pratyRta ene agni:58 arthAt ina donoM meM agni vAsa hotA hai do lakar3iyAM paraspara saMgharSaNase agni prakaTa karatI haiM, donoMmeM hI agni kA vAsa hai|71 kAryAnukUla kAraNakI saMbhAvanA upayukta hai| ina nirvacanoMke anusAra araNI zabdameM R gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| 2- saraNAjjAyata iti vA58 arthAt saMgharSase agni janma letI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM bhI R gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| R dhAtukA ar guNa hokara AyA hai jo donoM nirvacanoMmeM hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra donoM nirvacanoMko saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra R gati prApaNayoH dhAtuse ani:72 pratyaya kara araNI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (53) kANukA :- yaha anekArthaka hai evaM sarAMsi tathA indrake vizeSaNake rUpameM prayukta haiN| yAska donoMke vizeSaNake rUpameM alaga-alaga nirvacana karate haiN| sarAMsike arthameM kANukAke nirvacana 1- kANukA kAntakAnIti vA58 arthAt priya srovr| isake / anusAra kANukA zabdameM kama kAntau dhAtukA yoga hai| kama kta kAnta + ka = kAntakaM kANuka - kaannukaa| 2- krAntakAnItivA58 arthAt Upara taka pUrNa rUpameM bhare hue (lavAlava) srovr|73 isake anusAra isameM kramu pAda vikSepe dhAtu kA yoga haikram + kta-krAnta+da-krAntaka -kaannukaa-kaannukaa| 3-kRtakAnItivA58 arthAtRtvijoM dvArA saMskAra kiyA gayA srovr| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kR karaNe dhAtukA yoga hai-kRkti - kRta +ka = kRtaka-kANuka - kaannukaa| indrake vizeSaNake rUpameM kANukAke nirvacana 1- indraH somasya kAnta itivA 1 arthAt indra somakA kAnta hai yA priya hai| isake anusAra 306 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kamukAntau se kam +kta - kAnta * kAntaka - kANuka - kaannukaa| 2. kaNe dhAta itivA1 arthAt icchA bhara pAna karane vaalaa| isake anusAra kANukA zabdameM kaNa ha han dhAtukA yoga hai - kaNe dhAtaH- kANukaH 3- kaNe hata itivA1 arthAt yaha kaNe ghAta:kA hI artha rakhane vAlA hai| isameM bhI kaNa + han dhAtukA yoga hai| yAskane vibhinna arthokI upalabdhike liye itane nirvacana prastuta kiye| sabhI nirvcnokaa arthAtmaka mahattva hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra kisIbhI nirvacanakA upayukta nahIM hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra inheM upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaegaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra kaN gatau dhAtuse ukaJ pratyaya kara kANuka - kANukA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM prApta hotaa| (54) adhrigu :- yaha anekArthaka hai| niruktameM kaI arthoMmeM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiN| mantrake arthameM adhigu:kA prayoga bhI hotA hai| adhigu : mantro bhavati gavyadhikRtatvAt58 arthAt vedavANImeM adhikRta honeke kAraNa adhigu: kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM adhi: go kA yoga hai| adhi +gAs =adhigu : adhigu:| 2. api vA prazAsanamevAbhipretaM syaat| tacchabdatvAt58 arthAt adhigu kA artha prazAsaka yA rAjA bhI hotA hai kyoMki prazAsana use abhipreta rahatA hai| usI zabdase isa arthameM bhI nirvacana mAna liyA jAegA-gavi adhikRtaH bhUmau adhikRtH| isameM bhI adhika go kA yoga hai| adhigu:kA artha agni bhI hotA hai| 3. agnirpydhiguruucyte| adhRtagamana:1 arthAt yaha bAdhA rahita gamanavAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra (na) a +dhR +gam = kA yoga hokara adhiguH zabda banA hai| indra ko bhI adhiguH kahA jAtA hai. 4. indro'pyadhigurUcyate adhigava :74 arthAt vaha sadA gamanazIla hotA hai isalie indrabhI adhigu kahe jAte haiN| isake anusAra adhiguH zabda meM adhi ra gam dhAtukA yoga hai| tRtIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| zeSa nirvacanoM kA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| DA. varmA5 ina nirvacanoMko aspaSTa mAnate haiN| inakA kahanA haiki yaha nirvacana dhigu zabdake kalpita prayoga para AdhArita hai| avestAmeM dvigu- Drigu zabda balahInakA vAcaka hai| ata: adhigu:kA artha hogA balasampanna, valahInatAse rhit| nAisarane bhI apane Rgveda koSameM ghiguko balahIna kI mAnA hai| yAskake nirvacanoM meM tRtIyake atirikta sabhI nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se apUrNa haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra adhi +gam +kuH pratyaya kara adhiguH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 307: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (55) AyUSa :- yaha stomakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - AyUSaH stoma AghoSa:58 arthAt yaha uccasvarase gAyA jAtA hai| ataH stomako AyUSa kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra AghoSa zabdahI parivartita hokara AMgUSaho gayA hai - AghoSa - aaNghuuss| isa AMgUSa zabdameM A + ghuS vizabdane dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra agi +Upac +svArthe aN pratyaya kara AMgUSaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (56) ApAtamanyu :- isakA artha hotA hai tejayukta yA krodhyukt| niruktake anusAra - ApAtamanyuH ApAtitamanyu:58 arthAt jisakA krodha utpanna ho cukA hai yA jisakA teja prakaTaho cukA hai| isake anusAra ApAtamanyaH zabdameM do pada khaNDa he * ApAta ApAtitakA vAcaka hai tathA manyuH dIptiH yA krodhakA vAcaka hai| yaha sAmAsika zabda hai isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (57) tRprahArI :- isakA artha hotA hai zIdhra prahAra karane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra tRprahArI kSiprahArI , tRpraprahArI58 arthAt jo zIghra AkramaNa kare yA zIghra prahAra kre| tR prahArI zabdameM do khaNDa hai - prathama khaNDa tR - kSipra yA sRprakA vAcaka hai| dvitIkhaNDa prahArI hai| donoM khaNDoMke yogase tRprahArI zabda banA hai| yaha sAmAsika zabda hai tathA soma evaM indrake vizeSaNake rUpameM prayukta huA hai| somo vA indrovA58 sRpa yA kSiprase tR mAna lenA dhvanyAtmaka zauthilya hogaa| isa nirvacanakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| (58) dhuni:- isakA artha hotA hai kaMpAne vaalaa| niruktake anusAra - dhuniH dhunote:58 arthAt yaha zabda dhU kampane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha kaMpA dene vAlA hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM dhunI zabda prApta hotA hai jo nadI vAcaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra dhU kampane dhAtuse kvipnu| DIpa pratyaya kara dhunI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki nadI mI vetasoMko kaMpA detI hai| (59) zimI :- yaha karmakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - simIti karma naam| 1. zamyatervA58 arthAt yaha zabda zam upazame dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki 308 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yaha aniSTakA zamana karatA hai| 2- zaknotervA arthAt yaha zabda zak sAmarthya dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai kyoMki karmase manuSya sAmarthyavAn hotA hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase zithila hai| (60) RjISI :- isakA artha hotA hai som| niruktake anusAra - RjISI somaH yatsomasya pUyamAnasyAtiricyate tad Rjiissm| apArjitaM bhvti| 58 arthAt jo pavitra kie gaye somakA avaziSTa bhAga raha jAtA hai vaha RjISa kahalAtA hai yaha avaziSTa bhAga pheMka die jAte haiM vaha apArjita yA avaziSTase yukta honeke kAraNa RjIpI kahalAtA hai jo somakA vAcaka hai| isake anusAra RjISI zabdameM arju arjane dhAtukA yoga hai - arja - aj +IS +Rjiissii| RjIpIkA artha indra bhI hotA hai - athApyendro nigamo bhvti|58 RjISIkA prayoga indrake arthameM RgvedameM prApta hotA hai. RjISI vajrI RjISIkA artha hogA somakA avaziSTAMza khAne vaalaa| indrAzva tathA usase yuktako RjISI kahA jaaygaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra arja dhAtuse Rja + ISan80 +RjISa * RjIpI banAyA jA sakatA hai|58 61) dhAnA :- isakA artha hotA hai bhune hue jau| niruktake anusAra 1- dhAnA bhrASTe hilA bhavanti58 arthAt ye bhAMDameM bhane jAte hai| yaha ghor3ekA bhojya hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM dhA dhAtukA yoga hai| 2 . phale hitA bhavantItivA58 arthAt ye phalaka para skhe jAte hai| isake anusArabhI dhAnA zabdameM dhA dhAtukA yoga hai| uparyukta donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM bhI dhAnA zabda mune hue jauke lie prayukta hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra DudhAJ dhAtuse naH82 pratyaya kara dhAnaH dhAnAH banAyA jA sakatA hai| (62) babbAm :- isakA artha hotA hai bhakSaNa kreN| nirukta ke anusAra aadinaabhyaasenophitenopdhaamaadtte| bbhstirtikrmaa| 58 arthAt yaha zabda bhas makSaNe dhAtu ke Adi sthita abhyAsa varNa ko upasthApita kara tathA upadhA ko nikAla kara banAyA jAtA hai| bhas dhAtukA abhyAsa - bhas - bhas + tAm . bha + bhastAm * babhas tAm . babdhAm isa zabdameM bhas dhAtu kA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAt AdhAra upayukta hai| dhAtu 309 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ pAThameM yadyapi bhas dhAtu bhartsanadIpayoH arthAt nindA karanA tathA camakanA arthameM prayukta hotA hai| isase dhAtuoMkI anekArthatA spaSTa hai| prAraMbhika avasthAmeM bhas dhAtu bhakSaNa arthameM thaa| kAlAntarameM isakA artha vistAra yA artha parivartana pAyA gyaa| bhakSaNa arthameM bhas dhAtuse niSpanna zabda kSetrIya bhASAoMmeM upalabdha hote hai . magahI - bhas - bhakosanA, bhasakAnA (khAneke arthameM) aadi| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhas - bhas +tAm - bha - bhas - tAm - ba - bhas tAm - bhas dhAtu sthita upadhA lopa babhasa- sakAralopa evaM bh kA b, t kA dh kara babdhAm banAyA jA sakatA hai|3|| __(63) zmazA :- isakA artha hotA hai kulyA tathA naadd'ii| niruktameM donoM arthomeM isake nirvacana prApta hote haiM 1 - zmazA zu aznuta iti vA58 yaha nadI yA kulyA zIghratAse vyApta ho jAtI hai, phaila jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM zu +az vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| 2 - zma aznute itivA arthAt nAr3Ike arthameM zmazA zarIrako vyApa leneke kAraNa kahalAtI hai|84 isake anusAra zma - (zarIra) +az vyAptI dhAtukA yoga hai| dvitIya nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra dvitIya nirvacanahI saMgata hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise zithila hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga uparyukta arthame prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (64) urvazI :- yaha anekArthaka hai| yaha apsarA vidyut tathA strIkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra 1- urvazyapsarA, urvabhyaznute85 strIke arthameM vaha mahAn guNoM se vyApaka hotI hai| vidyutke pakSameM vaha cAroM ora vyApta hotI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM uru +az vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai- uru +azU urvaz +in urvaziH +DIS = urvazI : / 2. UrubhyAmaznute85 strIke pakSameM apanI donoM UrUoM jaMghAoM se purUSoM ko vyApta kara letI hai86 yA jJAna evaM karmase puruSoM ko vyApta kara letI hai| vidyut ke pakSameM yaha do bar3e-bar3e padArthoM se vyApta hotI hai, zaitya evaM uSNa dhArAoM ke saMyoga se vyApta ho jAtI hai| isake anusAra urvazI zabda meM Uru+ az vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| 3-ururvA vazo'syA:85 strI ke pakSa meM isakI kAmanA (vazaH) mahAn hotI hai yA strIke adhIna gRhakI sArI sthitiyAM rahatI haiN| vidyut ke pakSameM - saMsArakI sthiti prAyaH vidyut ke vaza meM hai| isake anusAra urvazI zabdameM uru+ vaz -uruvazI- urvazI * urvshii| uparyukta sabhI nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTi se upayukta haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise 310 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM urvazI svargalokakI apsarA (vezyA) kA nAma hai|88 vidyutke arthameM urvazIkA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| vyAkaraNake anusAra uru + az +aN = urvaza urvazI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 89 (65) apsarA :- yaha strI vizeSa (jalaparI) tathA vidyutkA vAcaka hai| donoMhI arthomeM isake nirvacana niruktameM prApta hote haiM- apsarA apsAriNI" arthAt jalameM calane vaalii| (strI) jalameM calane vAlI hotI hai| vidyutbhI jalameM calane vAlI hotI hai| panavijalI jalase hI saMcAlita hotI hai| apaMkA artha jalake atirikta karma bhI hotA hai isake anusAra artha hogA striyAM karmameM lagI rahane vAlI hotI haiN| isake anusAra apsarA zabdameM ap sR gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| apsarA zabdako apsu jaleSu karmasu vA sartuM zIlaM yasyAH sA apsarA kahA jA sakatA hai / api vApsa iti rUpa nAma85 arthAt apsa rUpakA nAma hai kyoMki yaha rUpa bhakSaNIya nahIM hotA - apsAnIyaM bhavati85 arthAt psA bhakSaNe dhAtu naJartha se yukta hokara a + psA apsa banA jisakA artha hotA hai abhakSaNIya / AdarzanIyaM vyApanIyaM vA arthAt yaha darzanIya hotA hai tathA vyApanIya hotA hai| strI evaM vidyut donoM hI bhakSaNIya nahIM haiM darzanIya evaM vyApanIya hai| spaSTaM darzanAyeti zAkapUNiH zAkapUNikA bhI kahanA hai ki yaha spaSTadarzanake lie hotA hai / apsakA prayoga abhakSya ke arthameM tathA vyApakake arthameM vaidika sAhityameM dekhA jAtA hai| tadrA bhavati rUpavatI arthAt vaha rUpako grahaNa kie rahatI hai yaha vidyut evaM strI donoMke arthameM saMgata hai| isake anusAra a + psA bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai - apsa (rUpa) + rA dAne = apsarA / apsa se matup artha meM ra pratyaya bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai apsa - ra+TAp = apsarA / tadanayAtamiti vA arthAt yaha rUpa isake dvArA grahaNa kiyA huA rahatA hai| tadasyai dattamitivA'5 arthAt vaha rUpa usake lie diyA gayA rahatA hai| vidyut evaM apsarA strIke dvArA rUpa grahaNa kiyA rahatA hai yA ye rUpavatI hotI haiN| yAskake prathama nirvacana ap + sR gatau tathA dvitIya nirvacana apsa +rA dAne dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hai| nizcaya hI donoMke dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiN| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se bhI ye nirvacana saMgata haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM apsarA svargaloka kI vezyAkA nAma hai | 90 atizaya saundarya ke kAraNahI svarga lokakI vezyA apsarA kahalAI / guNa evaM karma sAdRzya ke kAraNa hI yaha strIkA vAcaka bhI hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise adbhyaH saranti iti apsarA - ap + sR + asun pratyaya kara apsaras apsarA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 91 jisakA 311 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ artha hogA jlprii| (66) drapsa :- isakA artha hotA hai jala yA viiry| niruktake anusAra drapsaH saMbhRtaH psAnIyo bhavati85 arthAt yaha ikkaThA kiyA huA hotA hai| psAnIyakA artha hotA hai bhkssnniiy| yaha vIrya strI yonikA bhakSaNIya hotA hai| isake anusAra isameM bhR bharaNe psA bhakSaNe dhAtuoMkA yoga hai| yaha bharaNIya yA bhakSaNIya hotA hai| ataH do dhAtuoMkA yoga dikhalAyA gayA - bhR + psA = drapsaH92 (varNa parivartana) dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise yaha nirvacana kiMcit zithila hai| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM drapsakA artha zithila dadhi hotA hai| ise vyAkaraNake anusAra dRp harSAdau dhAtuse saH pratyaya kara drapsaH mAnA jA sakatA hai| (67) puSkaram :- yaha anekArthaka hai| niruktameM antarikSa, udaka, kamala Adike arthameM isakA nirvacana huA hai| antarikSake arthameM - puSkaramantarikSaM poSati bhUtAni85 arthAt vaha prANiyoMkA poSaNa karatA hai ataH antarikSako puSkara kahate hai| isake anusAra isameM puS +kR dhAtuoMkA yoga hai| puSa +kR - puS +kar - pusskr| udakake arthameM - puSkaramudakaM pUjAkara pUjayitavyam vA arthAt yaha pUjA sampAdita karane vAlA tathA prANiyoMke dvArA pUjya hai| kArya sampAdanameM jalakA atyadhika mahattva hai| jalameM devatAkA vAsa (varUNa) rahaneke kAraNa dhArmika dRSTise bhI jala pUjya hai isake anusAra isa zabdameM pUj + kR dhAtukA yoga hai- pUj - kR - pUja kara pusskr| kamalake arthameM idamapItarat puSkarametasmAdeva puSkaraM vapuSkaraM vA85 arthAt kamala vAcaka puSkara zabda bhI isIse niSpanna hogA kyoMki vaha pUjAke lie upayukta hotA hai evaM pUjya tathA zarIrakI zobhAko bar3hAne vAlA hotA hai| kamalapuSpase vyakti apane zarIrako sajAtA hai yA alaMkRta karatA hai ataH vapuSkara hI puSkara bana gyaa|94 vapuH +kR dhAtukA yoga isa zabdameM spaSTa hai- vapuH + kR - kara * vapuSkara - puSkaram - vapuHke AdyakSarakA lopa isameM pAyA jAtA hai| yAskakA antarikSa vAcaka nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| udakake arthameM bhI isI nirvacanako mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki jalase bhI prANiyoM kA poSaNa hotA hai| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhate haiN| vapuSkarase puSkara zabda meM Adi vyaMjana lopa pAyA jAtA hai| vyAkarapA ke anusAra puS puSTau + karan pratyaya kara puSkara zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|5 puSkara zabdakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM ina arthoke atirikta karikarAgra, vAdya, bhANDa, nakha,khaDga Adi arthomeM 312 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhI pAyA jAtA hai|96 (68) puSpam :- isakA artha hotA hai - phuul| niruktake anusAra - puSpaM puSpateH-5 arthAt yaha zabda puSpa vikasane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha vikasita hotA hai, khilatA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| yaha dhAtuna siddhAMta para AdhArita hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra puSp vikasane dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara puSpam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|97 - (69) vayunam :- yaha kAnti yA buddhikA vAcaka hai| nirukttake anusAra vayunaM veteH kAntirvA prajJAvA85 arthAt yaha zabda vrI gatyAdau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vI dhAtu kAntyarthaka evaM prajJArthaka bhI hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra vay + u nan pratyaya kara vayunam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (70) vAjaspatyam :- yaha somakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - vAjaspatyaM vAja patanam 5 arthAt vAjakA artha hotA hai anna yA vala tathA vAja anna yA valakA AdhAna karAne vAlA vAjaspatyam kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vAja+pat dhAtukA yoga hai. vAja+pat = vAjapat / vaajspty| anna yA bhojya samajha kara jisa ora daur3A jAtA hai use vAjaspatyam (soma) kahA jAtA hai|98 devatA somako bhojya yA peya samajhakara usa ora daur3a par3ate haiN| soma devatAoMkA pramukha bhojya hai| yaha nirvacana samAsa para AdhArita hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusArabhI ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (71) vAjagandhyam : yaha soma, dUdha, dahI, ghRta AdikA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra vAjagandhyaM gadhyatyutarapadam85 arthAt gadhya utara padase vAjagaMdhya kahalAtA hai| gadhyakA artha hotA hai mizrita yA graahy| isa prakAra vAjagaMdhya kA artha hogA balake lie mizrita somAdi yA balake lie grAhya pdaarth|99 isake anusAra isa zabdameM vAja+ gadh mizrIkaraNe, yA grahaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha sAmAsika zabda hai| isa nirvacanameM yAskane mAtra isake utara padakA nirdeza kiyA hai| pUrva pada pUrva vivecita tathA spaSTa honeke kAraNa yahAM vivecita nahIM huA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise bhI saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAyaH 313 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nahIM dekhA jaataa| (72) gadhyam :- isakA artha hotA hai graahy| niruktake anusAra - gadhyaM gRhNAteH1 arthAt yaha zabda graha upAdAne dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| yaha grahaNa karane yogya hotA hai isalie gaghya kahA jAtA hai| isameM ha dhvanikA mahAprANa varNa dhU meM parivartana yA dhvani vikAsa kahA jA sakatA hai| yAska gadhyameM gadhU mizrIkaraNe dhAtukA bhI saMketa karate hai - gadhyatirmizrIbhAvakarmA85 isake anusAra gadhyam zabdameM gadh dhAtukA yoga hai| gadh dhAtuse gadhya mAnanemeM dhvanyAtmaka upayuktatA pUrNa rUpameM rahatI hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra gadh dhAtuse hI gadhya mAnanA jyAdA upayukta hogaa| arthAtmakatAkI dRSTise donoM dhAtuoMkI mAnyatA dI jA sakatI hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra gadh +yat gadhyam, graha + yat = gadhyam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (73) gadhitA :- isakA artha hotA hai - sammizrita, milA huaa| niruktake anusAra * gadhyatiH mizribhAva karmA85 arthAt yaha zabda mizrita karanA artha vAlI gadh dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM gadha dhAtukI prApti nahIM hotI hai| yaha vaidika dhAtu hai| gadhitA zabdakA prayogabhI laukika saMskRtameM nahIM dekhA jaataa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise gadh +kta gadhitaH gadhitA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (74) kaurayANa :- isakA artha hotA hai - taiyAra ratha yA susajjita ratha yA susajjita stha vaalaa| niruktake anusAra - kaurayANaH kRtayAnaH85 arthAt saMskRta 100 yA sajjita ratha isa zabdameM do pada khaNDa haiM kaura + yaannH| kaura kRtakA vAcaka hai jisameM kR dhAtukA yoga hai tathA yANaH vAhana, yAna yA savArIkA vAcaka hai| yaha sAmAsika zabda hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise yaha nirvacana kiMcit zithila hai| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| (75) taurayANa :- isakA artha hotA hai zIdha gAmI ratha vaalaa| niruktake anusAra taurayANa:85 arthAt tIvra gati vAlA yAna yA tIvragati vAlA ratha hai jisakA vahA isa zabdameM do padakhaNDa haiM - taura yaannH| taura tUrNa kA vAcaka hai jo tUr dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai| yANa: yAnakA vAcaka hai| tUrNayAnaHhI tauraMyANa: bana gayA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise 314 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha sAmAsika zabda hai - tUrNaM yAnamasya - tUrNayAna : tauryaannH| (76) ahrayANa :- isakA artha hotA hai azithila yAna yA azithila yaanvaalaa| niruktake anusAra - ahrayANaH ahrItayAna:85 arthAt lajjAse rahita gamana yukta sth| isake anusAra yaha zabda na - a +hI lajjAyAM +yAnake yogase niSpanna hai| ahrItayAnase hI ahrayANa: zabda bana gyaa| a +hI = ahra+yAna ahryaannH| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| mASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise sAmAsika zabda mAnA jaaygaa| ahItaM yAnamasya ahyaan:| (77) harayANa :- isakA artha hotA hai (zatruoM ko) haraNa karane vAlA yAna yA zatruoMko harAne vAlA yAnase yukt| niruktake anusAra harayANo haramANayAna:85 arthAt yaha zabda hR haraNe dhAtu +mAn +yAna se niSpanna hai- hR kA hara +mAna (lopa) +yAnaH harayAnaH hryaann:| isameM matupa, pratyaya kA lopa ho gayA hai tathA hR kA hara guNa hokara AyA hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise sAmAsika zabda mAnA jAyagA-haramANaM yAnamasya hryaannH| (78) Asti:- isakA artha hotA hai pahuMcA huaa| niruktake anusAra-Arita: pratyutaH stomAn85 arthAt stoma ke lie gayA huaa| isake anusAra isa nirvacanameM R gatau dhAtukA yoga hai-R yaG luk +kta =R - ar +yaGa luk +kta aaritH| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jAtA haiAvyAkaraNake anusAra bhI Rgatau dhAtuse yaGa luk +kta pratyaya kara AritaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (79) bandI :- isakA artha hotA hai-komalatA se yuktA niruktake anusAra - vandI vandate dubhAvakarmaNa:85 arthAt yaha zabda mRdu bhAvArthaka banda dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ... ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vrand dhAtu vaidika dhAtu hai| laukika saMskRta meM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (80) niSSapI :- isakA artha hotA hai kAmI, vybhicaarii| niruktake anusAra niSSapI strI kAmo bhavati vinirgataH sapa:85 arthAt yaha strI kAmI hotA hai| vaha vinirgata 315 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ sapa vAlA hotA hai| 101 sapa kA artha hotA hai upsthendriy| jisakA upasthendriya sadA utthita rahatA hai102 use niSvapI kahA jAtA hai| isa nirvacana ke anusAra niSSapI zabda meM ni: + sap sparzane dhAtu kA yoga hai! isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / yaha sAmAsika zabda hai nirgata: sapa: yasya sa niSSapI / (81) sapa :- yaha upasthendriya kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-sapaH sapate: spRzati karmA85 arthAt sapaH zabda sparza karanA artha vAle sap dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isase strI yoni sparza kI jAtI hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNa ke anusAra-sap sparzane + ac pratyaya kara sapaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (82) tUrNAzam :- isakA artha hotA hai-jl| nirukta ke anusAra tUrNAzam udakaM bhvti| tUrNamaznute 5 arthAt yaha zIghra hI vyApta ho jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM tUrNam +azu vyAptau dhAtu kA yoga hai tUrNa+az tUrNAz- tUrNAzam / isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaayegaa| laukika saMskRta meM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (83) kSumpam :- yaha ahicchatra kA vAcaka hai| ahicchatra varSAkAla meM chAte ke samAna pRthvI se phUTa par3ane vAlA aMkura vizeSa tathA keMcula (sarpatvaka) ko kahate haiN| nirukta ke anusAra-kSumpamahichatrakaM bhavati / 85 yatkSumyate arthAt jI kSubdha hotI hai chUte hI DolatA hai athavA TUTa jAtA hai| isa nirvacana ke anusAra kSumpam zabdameM kSum saMcalane dhAtukA yoga hai-kSubh-kSumpa / dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA saMgata hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (84) aMga :- yaha zIghra kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra aMga iti kSipra nAma / aMcitamevAMkitaM bhavati85 arthAt aMga kSipra kA nAma hai tathA aJca hI aMka hotA huA aMga bana gayA hai| isake anusAra yaha zabda aJc gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai-aJca aMka aNg| aJc yA aMk lakSaNe dhAtu se spaSTa hai yaha zIghra lakSita hotA hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM aMga zabda kSipra artha meM prayukta nahIM hotA / vyAkaraNa ke anusAra agi gatau +ac pratyaya kara aMgam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 316 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (85) nicumpuNa :- yaha anekArthaka hai| kaI arthoM meM isake nirvacana nirukta meM prApta hote haiM 1- nicumpuNaH kA artha soma hotA hai nicumpuNaH somo nicAntapRNo nicamaNena prINAtipayaha khAne ke bAda Ananda detA hai yA khAne se tRpti pradAna karatA hai|103 isake anusAra isa zabda meM-ni +cam adane +prI tarpaNe nicam+prI- nicumpuNa: hai| ni+cam +pRNa nicumpunnH| 2- nicumpuNaH kA artha samudra bhI hotA hai - samudro'pi nicumpuNa ucyate nicamanena pUryate85 arthAt yaha pAnI se bharA hotA hai| isake anusAra nicumpuNaH zabda meM ni + cam pur ApyAyane dhAtu kA yoga hai- ni +cama +pur =nicamana + pura =nicamana +puunn=nicumpunnH| 3- yajJAdi karma ko bhI nicumpuNa kahA jAtA hai avamRtho'pi nicumpuNa ucyte| (ka) nIcairasminkvaNanti85 arthAt isa yajJa meM dhIme svara meM pATha karate haiM isake anusAra isa zabda meM nIce +kvaNa zabde dhAtu kA yoga hai nIce + kvaNa-nIcaMkvaNa-nIcaMkaNa nicumpunnH| (kha) nIcairdadhatIti vA85 arthAt avamRthanimnakarma ko nIce rakhatA hai yA yajJIya pAtra isameM nIce rakhe jAte haiN|105 isake anusAra isa zabda meM nIcaiH +dhA dhAtukA yoga hai| nicumpuNa zabda nicuMkuNa ke rUpa meM bhI prApta hotA hai|04 jo yajJa kA vAcaka hai| isake anusAra nicuMkuNa hI nicumpuNa ho gayA hai| soma evaM samudrake artha meM prApta nicumpuNake nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta haiN|inheN bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhate haiN|is zabdakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM prAya:nahIM dekhA jaataa| (86) padiH- isakA artha hotA hai-jAne vAlA-pakSI yA yaatrii| niruktake anusAra-padiH gnturmvti| yatpadyate85 arthAt kyoMki vaha jAtA hai, calatA hai, isalie padiH kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM pad gatau dhAtu kA yoga hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra pad+iNa pratyaya kara padiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (87) mukSIjA:- yaha jAla yA pAza kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra 1- mocanAccA85 arthAt yaha zabda muc mokSaNe dhAtu ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isase baMdhe pakSI Adi mukta kie jAte haiN| 2. sayanAcca85 arthAt isa zabdameM si bandhane dhAtukA yoga haikyoMki isase pakSI Adi bAMdhe jAte haiN|jaal meM pakSI svayaMbaMdha jAte haiN| 3-tananAcca85 arthAt isa zabda meM tan vistAre dhAtu kA yoga hai kyoMki pakSiyoM ko bAMdhane 317 . vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ke lie ise phailAyA jAtA hai| 106 isa zabdameM tInoM dhAtuoMkA yoga pAyA jAtA hai - muc mokSaNe, si bandhane tathA tan vistaare| muc +si + tan = muk +Si +tan mukssiitaamukssiijaa| isa AdhAra para isakA artha hogA jise pakSI Adi ko pakar3ane ke lie phailAyA jAya, jisase pakSI Adiko bAMdhA jAya tathA baMdhe hue jIvoM ko mukta kiyA jaay| eka sAtha sabhI arthoMkA AdhAna isa zabdameM ho jAya isalie yAskane tIna dhAtuoMkI kalpanAkI hai| tInoM dhAtuoMse alaga-alaga bhI nirvacana saMbhava haiN| muc mokSaNe dhAtuse mukSIjA zabda mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka saMgati rahatI hai| si bandhane tathA tan vistAre dhAtuse mukSIjA zabdameM mAtra arthAtmaka mahattva hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (88) pAdu :- isakA artha hotA hai gati yA caraNa / niruktake anusAra pAduH padyate:58 arthAt pAdu zabda meM pad gatau dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki yaha gamana kA nAma hai yA isase calA jAtA hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra pad gatau dhAtu se uN pratyaya kara pAduH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (89) busam :- yaha jala kA vAcaka hai / niruktake anusAra 2 - busamityudaka naam| vravIteH zabda karmaNa:58 arthAt yaha zabda brUJa vyaktAyAM vAci dhAtu ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki jala varSaNa Adi ke samaya zabda karatA hai / 2-bhraMzatervA58 arthAt yaha zabda bhraMs adha: patane dhAtu ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki megha se vaha nIce giratA hai| (z2ala kI gati nimnAbhimukha hotI hai) bhraMs dhAtuse bhusam-busam / prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se zithila hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vas utsarge dhAtu se ka : 107 pratyaya kara busa banAyA jA sakatA hai laukika saMskRtameM busam kA artha phalarahita dhAnya yA puAla Adi hotA hai|"busmkaa hI hindI bhASAmeM bhUsA zabda prayoga hotA hai jo puAla Adi pazu AhArakA vAcaka hai| laukika saMskRtameM vaidika busam kA arthAntara pAyA jAtA hai| (90) vRka :- yaha anekArthaka hai| kaI arthoM meM isake nirvacana niruktameM upalabdha hote haiM 1- vRka: kA artha candramA hotA hai (ka) vivRta jyotiSako 109 vA arthAt vaha atyadhika camakane vAlA hotA hai yA khule prakAza vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra vRkaH 318 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabdameM vR varaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| (kha) vikRta jyotiSkovA109 arthAt yaha vikRta prakAza, jyoti vAlA hai| (uSNa dharma kA virodhI zItala kiraNoM vAlA candra hotA hai jabaki jyoti kA dharma uSNatA hai| ata: candramA vikRta jyotivAlA kahA gayA) isake anusAra isa zabda meM vi +kR dhAtu kA yoga hai vi - kR +jyotiSkaH vRkH| (ga) vikrAnta jyotiSko vA109 arthAt vaha vikrAnta jyotivAlA hotA hai| anya nakSatroM kI apekSA candramA prakAzAdhikya hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM vi +kram dhAtu +jyotiSkaH kA yoga hai . vi +kam + jyotiSka: vRkH| vRka: kA artha sUrya bhI hotA hai 2Adityo'pi vRka ucyate yadAvRkte109 arthAt yaha prakAza se jagata ko AvRta karatA hai yA andhakAra ko dUra bhagAtA hai| isake anusAra vRka: zabdameM vR varaNe yA vRj varjane dhAtukA yoga hai| 3. vRkaH kA artha zvA (kuttA) bhI hotA hai-zvApi vRka ucyte| vikartaNAt arthAt kutte meM kATane kI Adata vizeSa hai| vaha kATatA hai isalie use vRka kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM vi +kRnt kartane dhAtukA yoga hai - vi +kRnta = vikRnta - vikR = vakR -vRkH| 4. vRkI kA artha vRddhavAzinI zivA (jora se AvAja karane vAlI zivA) bhI hotA hai kyoMki vaha bhI kATatI hai| isake anusAra bhI isameM vi +kRnt dhAtu kA hI yoga mAnA jaaygaa|110 5. vRkaH kA artha lAMgala (hala) bhI hotA hai- vRko lAMgala bhavati vikartanAt111 arthAt lAMgala vAcaka vRka bhI vi+kRnt kartane dhAtuke yogase hI niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha jamIna ko ukhAr3atA hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra kisI bhI nirvacana kA upayukta nahIM hai| sabhI arthAtmaka mahatva rakhate haiN| vikartane se vRkaH hala, zvA evaM vRkI se zivA kA bodha hotA hai jisameM karma sAdRzya kA AdhAra hai| laukika saMskRta meM vRkaH kA artha bher3iyA hotA hai12 jo karma sAdRzya ke AdhArapara hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vRka AdAne dhAtu se ka: pratyaya kara vRka: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|113 yA vRJ varaNe dhAtuse kA pratyaya kara vRqa: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|114 kiMcita dhvanyantara ke sAtha yaha zabda bhAropIya parivArakI anya bhASAoM meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai-saMskRta-vRka-gA~thi., vulphasa wolf (ra la kA abhed)| saMskRtakA R varNa yUropIya zAkhAoM meM udhvani ho gayI hai-saM. RkSas lA~. Ursus (urmusa) saM-kRpa-lA. Corpus kArpasa saM. mRta-prAcIna evaM ucca jarmana meM Mord (mod)|115 (91) uraNa :- yaha bher3a kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-uraNa UrNAvAn bhvti|109 arthAta UrNA se yukta ko uraNa kahate haiN| bher3a bhI UrNA se yukta hotA hai| 319 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ataH uraNa kahalAtA hai| isa zabdameM urNA + matuvarthIya ac pratyayakA yoga hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra R gatau + kyuH pratyaya kara uraNa : zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai | 116 (92) UrNA :- isakA artha hotA hai- uun| niruktake anusAra 1-UrNA punaH vRNote : 109 arthAt yaha zabda vRJ AcchAdane dhAtu ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isase AcchAdana kiyA jAtA hai| zIta se rakSA ke lie zarIra ko DhaMkA jAtA hai| 2- UrNotervA109 arthAt isa zabda meM UrNuJ AcchAdane dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki isase zarIra kA AcchAdana kiyA jAtA hai| donoM nirvacanoM ke dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiM / dvitIya nirvacana ko bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI sarvathA saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra UrNuJ AcchAdane se uH pratyaya kara UrNA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 117 bhAropIya parivAra kI aMgrejI bhASA meM bhI yaha zabda kiMcit dhvanyantarake sAtha prApta hotA hai-saM. UrNA- aM. Wollen (ra evaM la kA abheda) (93) joSavAkam :- isakA artha hotA hai avijnyaat| niruktake anusAra joSavAkamityavijJAta nAmadheyam / noSayitavyaM bhavati / 109 arthAt vaha avijJApanIya hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM juS paritarkaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| juS-joSa + vac-vAka = jossvaakm| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra juS +vaJ joSam / joSa + vAk = joSavAkam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (94) kRtti: :- yaha yaza evaM anna kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- kRtti : kRntateryazovA annaM vA109 arthAt yahaM zabda kRt chedane dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaza zatruoM ke marma hRdaya ko kATatA hai, vidIrNa karatA hai yA aneka anarthoM burAiyoM ko samApta karatA hai / 118 anna durUpayukta hone para Ayuko kSINa karatA hai Ayu ko ghaTAtA hai yA yaha bhUkha miTAtA hai| kRtti kA artha cithar3A (kaMthA bhI hotA haiiyamapi itarA kRttiretasmAdeva sUtramayI upamArthe vA 109 arthAt yaha kanyA vastra vAcaka kRtti bhI isI kRt dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai jo sUtramayI aura upamArthaka hai| kapar3e sUtra se hI nirmitahote haiN| isalie kanthA (vastra, cAdara) kRtti kahalAtA hai / upamArthaka hone ke kAraNa carmabhI kRtti kahalAtA hai|kRtii chadane dhAtukA artha sAmya honeke kAraNa carma kRtti 320 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kahalAyA / 119 isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / laukika saMskRtameM carma, tvak Adike arthameM isakA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai / 120 vyAkaraNake anusAra kRtI chadane dhAtuse ktin pratyaya kara kRttiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| vaidika kAlase laukika kAla taka isa zabda meM artha saMkoca huA hai| (95) zvaghnI :- yaha zabda juArIkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra zvanI kitavo bhavati sva hanti109 arthAt zvadhnIkA artha kitava hotA hai kyoMki yaha dhana kA nAza karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM zva- (dhana) + han dhAtukA yoga hai| sva + han-zvaghna-zvaghnI sva dhana kA vAcaka hai sva hI zvaghnI zabda ke pUrva padameM zvake rUpa meM AyA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / zvaghnI zabdakA prayoga ukta artha meM laukika saMskRta meM prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (96) svam :- isakA artha hotA hai-dhana / niruktake anusAra - svaM punarAzritaM bhavati109 arthAt yaha kisIkA Azrita hotA hai| ataH Azrita honeke kAraNa svam ko dhana kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM zriJ sevAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra kiMcit zithila hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra sarvathA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra svan zabde dhAtu se Da : 121 pratyaya kara svam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| dhana ke atirikta svam ke AtmIya Adi bhI artha hote haiM / 122 (97) kitava :- isakA artha hotA hai juArI / niruktake anusAra 1 - kitava: kiM tava astIti zabdAnukRti : 109 arthAt tumhAre pAsa kyA hai ? isa kiM tava kI zabdAnukRti ke kAraNa kitavaH zabda bana gayA / kim + tava kitavaH / 2- kRtavAn vAzIrnAmakaH arthAt AzIrvAdAtmaka kRtavAn zabdase hI kitavaH zabda bana gayAkRtavAn- kRtavat kRtava-kitavaH / juArI ke mitra sadA jaya manAte rahate haiM / 123 DA. varmA ke anusAra isa nirvacanameM svaragata evaM vyaMjanagata audAsinya hai / 124 vastutaH zabdAnukaraNake AdhAra para yaha nAmakaraNa huA hai jo nirukta sampradAyake anukUla hai tathA bhASA vijJAnake anusAra saMgata hai| prathama nirvacanako bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka zaithilya avazya hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra kita + vA + kaH pratyaya kara kitavaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 125 321 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska *
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________________ (98) samam :- yaha parigrahArthIya sarva vAcaka sarvanAma hai| isake sambandha meM yAska kA kahanA hai-samamiti parigrahArthIya sarvanAmAnudAttam 109 arthAt samam zabda sarva artha dyotita karane vAlA sarvanAma hai jo anudAtta hai| yAska punaH upasthApita karate haiM tatkathamanudAtta prakRtinAma syAd dRSTavyayaM tu bhavati arthAt anudAtta prakRti vAlA sam zabda nAma kaise ho sakatA hai| phiT sUtra phiSo'nta udAtta: 126 isa sUtra se nAma antodAtta hote haiM anudAtta nahIM hote| sAtha hI sAtha sama zabda to dRSTa vyaya hai| yaha avyaya nahIM hai| isake vibhinna rUpa (vikAra) dekhe jAte haiN| jJAtavya hai avyaya anudAtta hote haiM- cAdayo'nudAtA : 1127 samam zabda ke dRSTavyaya ke udAharaNa meM yAska samasmin 128 samasmAt129 same130 Adi padoM kA upasthApana bhI kahate haiN| samam zabda kA nirvacana prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isakA mAtra vyAkhyAna prastuta huA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sam vaiklabye dhAtuse am pratyaya kara samam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM samam zabda avyaya hai / 131 (99) Urmi :- isakA artha hotA hai jltrNg| niruktake anusAra Urmisrurgote :109 arthAt yaha zabda UrNuJ AcchAdane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki vaha jalastha sabhI vastuoM ko AcchAdita kara letI hai| isakA arthAtmaka evaM dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra R gatau dhAtuse mi: pratyaya kara UrmiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 132 (100) nau :- isakA artha hotA hai nAva / niruktake anusAra 1-nau: praNotavyA bhavati109 arthAt yaha preritakI jAtI hai, calAI jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM d preraNe dhAtu kA yoga hai - Nud-nau / 2 - namatervA 109 arthAt yaha zabda nam prahve dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki nAva calate samaya itastataH jhuka jAtI hai / 133 donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra Nud + DauH pratyaya kara nau: zabda banAyA jAtA hai| 134 (101) piparti :- isakA artha hotA hai kAmanAoM ko pUrNa karatA hai yA tRpta karatA hai|135 niruktake anusAra pRNAti : 109 arthAt yaha zabda pR pUraNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM prIJ tarpaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha kriyA pada hai|pR dhAtuse isakA nirvacana mAnanepara dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa 322 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya bAska
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________________ upayukta hotA hai| prIJ dhAtuse isakA nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| vyAkaanusAra bhI pR pAlana pUraNayo:dhAtu+ laT tip = piparti zabda banAyA jA sakatA h| (102) papuri :- isakA artha hotA hai kAmanAoM ko pUrA karane vAlA yA tRpta karane vAlA 1-papuririti pRNAti vA109 arthAt papuri zabda pR pUraNe dhAtu ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha pUrA karane vAlA hotA hai| 2-prINAti vA109 arthAt papuriH zabdameM prI tarpane dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki yaha tRpta karatA hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra -pR. dvitva + ki pratyaya kara papuriH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (103) kuTa :- isakA artha hotA hai kiyA huaa| nirukta ke anusAra kRta hI kuTa bana gayA hai|109 isake anusAra isameM kR dhAtukA yoga hai| kRta ke R kA u tathA ta kA Ta ho gayA hai| ta kA Ta mUrdhanyIkaraNa mAnA jaaygaa| R kA u vaidika dhvani vikAsa mAnA jaaygaa| yAska ne kRnt dhAtuse kutsa,136 kRnt se kurU137 nicumpuNa:138 meM ni+cam + pR dhAtu mAnA hai| ye udAharaNa R kA u varNa meM vikAsa siddha karate haiN| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra kuTa dhAtu se ka pratyaya kara kuTa zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (104) carSaNi :- isakA artha hotA hai drssttaa| niruktameM carSaNiH zabda ko cAyitA kaha kara spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM cAya (dekhanA) dhAtu kA yoga mAnA jaaygaa| yaha nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTi meM aspaSTa hai| (105) zamba :- yaha vajra kA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra zamva iti vajranAma, zamayateva1i09 arthAt zabda zam upazame +jib ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha zamana karatA hai| 2. zAtayatervA arthAt yaha zabda zad zAtane Nic ke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA mArane vaalaa| vajra zatruoM ko zamana karatA hai yA mAra DAlatA hai| isase zatru zamana kiye jAte haiM yA mAra DAle jAte haiN| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM bhI zamba zabda kA prayoga vajra ke artha meM hotA hai|139 vyAkaraNa ke anusAra zam sambandhane dhAtu se ac yA zaM upazame dhAtu se vana pratyaya kara zamba zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|140 323 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (106) kepaya :- isakA artha hotA hai kutsita karma / niruktake anusAra kepayaH kapUyA bhavanti! kapUyAmiti punAtikarma kutsitaM duSpUyaM bhvti|109 arthAt kepaya kA artha hotA hai kpuuraa| kapUya zabdakA artha hotA hai kutsita yA nindita karma ko pavitra karane vaalaa| vaha duSpUya hotA hai vaha kaThinAI se pavitra kiyA jAne vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM ku+ puJ dhAtu kA yoga hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA upayukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (107) pRthak :- pRthakkA artha hotA hai alg| niruktake anusAra pRthak prayate:109 arthAt yaha zabda prath vistAre dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| yAskIya paddhati se yaha nipAta hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise avyaya mAnA jAtA hai| laukika saMskRta meM isakA prayoga binA tathA alagake arthameM hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra pRth kak pratyaya kara yA prath + aj pratyaya kara pRthak zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 141 (108) Irma :- yaha bAhukA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- Irma iti bAhunAma samIritatarau bhavati109 arthAt yaha anya avayavoMkI apekSA lambA hotA hai| yA adhika kAryarata hotA hai| isake anusAra Irma zabdameM Ir gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| Irma zabda vistRta artha meM caturtha adhyAya meM bhI prayukta huA hai / 142 vyAkaraNake anusAra Ir gati preraNayoH dhAtu se man pratyaya kare Irma zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRta meM Irma zabda vraNa ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / 143 vaidika kAlase laukika kAla taka isa zabda meM arthAntara ho gayA hai| (109) tUtumAkRSe :- isakA artha hotA hai zIghra karate ho| niruktake anusAra tUtumAkRSe tUrNamupAkuruSe 109 arthAt tUtumAkRSe kriyA pada hai jisameM do pada khaNDa haiM tUtum AkRSe / tUtum tUrNam kA vAcaka hai tathA AkRSe upAkuruSe kaa| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA zIghra hI sampAdana karate ho| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa nahIM mAnA jAyagA / (110) aMsatram:- yaha dhanuSa yA kavaca kA vAcaka hai| isase prahAra se rakSA kI jAtI hai nirukta ke anusAra aMsatramaMhastrANaM dhanurvA kavacaM vA / 109 arthAt asaMtram zabda 324 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ meM aMsa-aMhasaH kA vAcaka hai jisakA artha hotA hai pApa se| trai dhAtukA tra uttara pada meM sthita hai| aMhasaH trANam =aNstrm| kavaca ke artha meM aMsatram ko aMsaM trAyate iti karanA jyAdA saMgata hogaa| aMhasa : trANam se kavaca artha meM pApAdi karmo : se bacAne vAlA mantra vizeSa mAnA jA sakatA hai jise bhI kavaca kahA jAtA hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (111) kavacam :- yaha varmakA vAcaka hai| zarIra kI rakSA karane vAlA lauha vastra varma kahalAtA hai| niruktake anusAra 1- kavacaM kuaciMtaM bhavati1 arthAt yaha tiryak banA hotA hai|144 zarIra ke anurUpa yaha nirmita hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM ku + aJc gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| ku+aJc = kvcm| 2- kAMcitaM bhavati109 arthAt vaha thor3A tiryak car3hA hotA hai|145 isake anusAra isa zabdameM kA +aJca dhAtukA yoga hai| kA ISat kA vAcaka hai| kA+ aJc = kvcm| 3. kAye aMcitaM bhavatIti vA109 arthAt yaha zarIra para lagA rahatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM kAye + aJc dhAtukA yoga hai| kAye zarIre kA vAcaka hai. kAya +aJc kvcm| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase mahattva rakhate haiN| kavaca zabda ukta arthameM laukika saMskRtameM bhI prayukta hotA hai|146 vyAkaraNake anusAra ise kaM +vaJca gatau+kaH = kavacam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (112) droNam :- isakA artha hotA hai drummy| nirukta ke anusAra droNaM drumamayaM bhavati109 arthAt droNa drumamaya hotA hai| isake anusAra druma + maya hI droNam zabda bana gayA hai| yAska droNakA svarUpa pradarzana karate haiN| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata nahIM hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| kASTha ke artha meM droNa zabda kA prayoga laukika saMskRta meM bhI hotA hai|147 vyAkaraNake anusAra dru gatau dhAtuse naH pratyaya kara droNa zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|148 Na Natva kA pariNAma hai| (113) AhAva :- isakA artha hotA hai pazuoM ko jala pIne kA pAtra vizeSa (kuNDa,nAda aadi)|niruktke anusAra AhAva AvahanAt109arthAt AhAva zabda Ahe zabde dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha pazuoM ko jala pIne ke lie AhvAna karatA hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| isa zabdakA prayoga ukta artha meM laukika saMskRta meM bhI hotA hai|149vyaakrnnke anusAra A +Dhe dhAtuse va pratyaya kara AhAda 325 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAmka
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________________ zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 150 (114) Avaha :- isakA artha jala kuNDa hotA hai| niruktake anusAra AvahaH AvahanAta109 arthAt yaha zabda A+vaha prApaNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vahAM pazuoM ko pAnI pIne ke lie lAyA jAtA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRta meM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (115) avata :- yaha kUpakA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra avato'vAtito mahAn bhavati109 arthAt yaha nIce kAphI dUra taka gayA hotA hai isake anusAra isa zabdameM ava +at sAtatya gamane dhAtukA yoga hai| ava +at + kta = atita ava +ata- avt| yA-ava +at = avt| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmakaM AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRta meM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (116) koza :- isakA artha hotA hai myAna, tarakasa yA jala nikAlane kA pAtra vishess| niruktake anusAra kozaH kuSNAtervikaSito bhavati109 arthAt koza zabda kuS niSkarSe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isase khIMca kara nikAlA jAtA hai| myAna se talavAra, tarakasa se vANa tathA pAtra vizeSa se jala khIMcA jAtA hai| ayamapItara: koSa etasmAdeva109 arthAt khajAnA, dhana saMgraha sthAna vAcaka koSa bhI usI se niSpanna hogA kyoMki khajAnA se bhI dhana nikAlA jAtA hai| zabda saMgraha ko bhI isI sAdRzya ke AdhAra para koSa kahA jAtA hai tathA yaha bhI isI kucha niSkarSe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isa koSase zabda DhUMDha lie jAte haiN| yAskake isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra kuSa niSkarSe dhAtuse ghaJpratyaya kara kozaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|151 (117) saMcaya :- yaha koSa kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra saJcaya Acita mAtro mahAn bhavati109 arthAt isameM dhana saMcita hote haiM tathA yaha mahAn bar3A hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM sam +ci cayane dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRta meM bhI saMcaya kA prayoga samUha tathA kozake arthameM hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sam+ciJ cayane +erac pratyaya kara saMcaya zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|52 326: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (118) kAkudam :- isakA artha hotA hai taalu| nirukta ke anusAra 1-kAkudaM tAlu ityaacksste| jihvA kokuvA sAsmin dhIyate109 arthAt jihvAko kokuvA kahA jAtA hai| vaha jihvA (kokuvA) jisameM rakhI jAtI hai use kAkudam kahA jAyagAkokuvA +dhA - kokudh-kaakudh-kaakud|.2. kokUyamAnA varNAn nudatItima109 arthAt vaha kokuvA zabda karatI huI vargoM ke lie tAlu ko prerita karatI hai|53 ataH kokuvA+nud praraNe dhAtu se kAkudam bnaa| kokuvA + nud-koku nud-kaakud| prathama nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka tathA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| kAkuda zabda kA prayoga tAlu ke artha meM taukika saMskRta meM bhI hotA hai| yAskakA dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhatA hai| isameM dhvanyAtmaka zaithilya hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kAkude bhavaM kAkudaM-kakuda +aN54 kAkudam banAyA jA sakatA hai| athavA kA ISat kuzabde + 6H pratyaya kara kAkuda zabda bhI banAyA jA sakatA hai| (119) kokuvA :- yaha jihvAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra kokuvA ko . kUyatervA syAcchabdakarmaNa:109 arthAt yaha zabda karanA artha rakhane vAle kudhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki jihvA kI sahAyatA se hI zabda kiyA jAtA hai| laukika saMskRta meM kAku kA artha jihvA hotA hai|55 vaidika kAla kA kokuvA zabda hI lagatA hai laukika saMskRta meM kAku bana gayA hai jo varNa lopa evaM dhvaniparivartana kA pariNAma hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra kuG zabde + yaGluka +ac pratyaya kara kokuya kokuvA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (120) jilA :- yaha jImakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra jihvA johuvaa|109 arthAt isase loga apane andara anna kA havana karate haiM jihvA se anna udara meM DAlA jAtA hai|56 isake anusAra isa zabda meM hu dAnAdanayoH dhAtukA yoga hai hu dAnAdanayo. + yaGluk johuvaa-jihvaa| AhvayatItivA109 arthAt hRJ zabde dhAtu se jihvA zabda niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki loga isase zabda karate hai-157 hRJ +yaGluk = johuvaajihvaa| ina nirvacanoM kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| mASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra liha AsvAdane dhAtuse van (lakAra kA jakAra) = jihvA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|158 (121) tAlu :- yaha uccAraNAMga vizeSa hai| i, cavarga ya tathA za varNoM ke 327 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ uccAraNa meM jahAM jihvA saTatI hai usa uccAraNa aMga vizeSa ko tAlu kahA jAtA hai| nirukta ke anusAra 1- tAlu tarate:109 arthAt yaha zabda tR plavana-saMtaraNayo: dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki yaha anya uccaraNAMgoM kI apekSA vistRta hotI hai159 tR-tr-tl-taal-taalu| 2. latatervA syAt lamva karmaNa: viparItAt109 arthAt yaha zabda lamba artha vAlA lat dhAtuko viparIta karane para banA hai latAdyanta vipryy-taal-taalu| isake anusAra bhI yaha aMga anya uccAraNAMgoM kI apekSA vistRta hai.prathama nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmakatA kI kamI hai, yadyapi yaha nirvacana prakriyA ke anukUla hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra tR plavanataraNayoH dhAtuse yuNa pratyaya kara tAlu zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|160 tR + yuN - (rasya laH) taalu| yA tal pratiSThAyAm dhAtuse ku pratyayaM kara tAlu zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|161 (122) sindhu :- yaha nadIkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra sindhuH sravaNAt109 arthAt yaha pravAhita hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM su prasravaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| yAska niruktake navama adhyAyameM sindhu zabda kA nirvacana syand dhAtuse mAnate haiM-sindhuH syandanAt162 arthAt yaha syandita hotA hai isalie sindhu kahalAtA hai| syand prastravaNe dhAtukA yoga isa zabda meM spaSTa hotA hai| syand dhAtuse sindhu: zabda dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| veda meM sindhu zabda nadI vAcaka hai| laukika saMskRta meM yaha samudra kA vAcaka ho gayA hai| ise arthotkarSa kahA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra syanda prasravaNe dhAtuse yuH pratyaya kara sindhuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|163 (123) vIriTam :- yaha anekArthaka hai| yAska isake nirvacana meM anya AcArya - kA mata bhI upasthApita karate haiN| AcArya taiTIki ke anusAra yaha antarikSa kA vAcaka hai| pUrva vayeruttaramirate:109 arthAt vIriTa zabda meM do padakhaNDa haiM pUrvArddha vI gatau dhAtuse tathA uttarArddha ir gatau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| vI Ir + iTan viirittm| 2. vayAMsIrantyasmin109 arthAt isameM pakSIgaNa gamana karate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabda meM vi+Ir gatau dhAtu kA yoga hai-(vayas vi +Ir +iTan viirittm|3-bhaaNsivaa109 arthAt isa antarikSameM sUryacandrAdi prakAza gamana karate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM bhAs + 328: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ Ir gatau dhAtu kA yoga hai-bhAs +Ir +iTan- bhIriTam viirittm| AcArya taiTIki ke mata kA ullekha karane ke bAda yAska isa saMbaMdha meM apanA mata pratipAdita karate haiN| inake anusAra bhI vIriTam kA artha antarikSa hotA hai-kIriTamantarikSaM bhiyo vA mAso vA tati : arthAt isa antarikSameM bhaya evaM prakAza kA vistAra hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM bhI + tan dhAtuoM kA yA bhAs +tan dhAtuoMkA yoga hai| bhI dhAtu +tan = bhIriTa vIriTa, bhAsa +tana bhIriTa viiritt| yAska ke mata kI apekSA AcArya taiTIki ke nirvacana adhika bhASAvaijJAnika haiN| yAskake nivarcanoMmeM dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai jabaki AcArya taiTIki ke prathamado nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se bhI upayukta haiN| arthAtmaka AdhAra sabhI nirvacanoMke upayukta haiN| vIriTam kA prayoga ukta arthameM laukika saMskRtameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (124) niyuta :- isakA artha hotA hai niymit| niruktake anusAra 1. niyuto niyamanAdvA109 arthAt niyamana hone ke kAraNa niyuta: khlaayaa| isake anusAra isa zabda meM ni +yam upasme dhAtukA yoga hai- ni-yama+kta = niyut| 2. niyojanAdvA arthAt niyojita hone ke kAraNa niyutaH kahalAtA hai|109 isake anusAra ni +yuj yoge dhAtu se yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai| donoM nirvacanoM kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ni + yam +kta kara niyutaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (125) accha :- yaha eka nipAta hai| yaha abhi ke arthameM prayukta hotA hai| abhi upasarga Abhimukhya artha kA dyotaka hai| phalata: accha kA artha bhI Abhimukhya hI haa| AcArya zAkapUNi: accha kA artha karate haiM prApta karanA-accha amerAptumiti zAkapUNi:109 arthAt zAkapUNi ke anusAra acchakA artha hotA hai prApta karaneke lie| isake anusAra Ap prApaNe dhAtu se accha mAnA gayA hai| yAska isakA nirvacana prastuta nahIM karate mAtra artha pradarzana karate haiN| lagatA hai zAkapUNi dvArA pradatta nirvacanase ye bhI sahamata haiN| AcArya zAkapUNikA nirvacana bhI dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra (nI-a +cho + kaH pratyaya kara accha: yA na a +chA +ka: accham zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (126)sRNi :- isakA artha hotA hai aMkuza, hAthI ko niyamana karane kA lauha astrAniruktake anusAra-sRNiraMkuzo bhavati saraNAt10 arthAtyaha hAthiyoMke mastakapara gamana karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM sRgatau dhAtu kA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM 329 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ athAtmaka AdhAra isakA upayukta hai! bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| sRNiH kaH artha dAtrI bhI hotA hai jo vaidika sAhitya meM prayukta hai|164 lagatA hai artha sAdRzya ke AdhAra para sRNi: dAtrI kA vAcaka bana gyaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra sR gatau dhAtuse niH pratyaya kara sRNiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|65 (127) aMkuza :- isakA artha hotA hai hAthI ko niyamita karane kA lauha vishess| niruktake anusAra aMkuzo'JcaterAkuciMto bhavati109 arthAt yaha thor3A vakra (AkuMcita) hotA hai| isake anusAra yaha zabda aMc gatau dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna huA hai kyoMki yaha hAthIke mastaka para gamana karatA hai| AkuMcita se aMkuza nAnane para isameM kuc saMkoce dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaaygaa| aMc gatau dhAtuse isakA nirvacana mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hotA hai| phalata: ise bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| A+ kuc dhAtuse aMkuza meM dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA bhI upayukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra aMka dhAtuse uzac pratyaya kara aMkuzaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (aMkayate hasticAlanArthamAhanyate'nena) - : sandarbha saMketa :1.ni.5|1, 2. karmasUpasthiteSu nRtyanti gAtrANi itastataH prakSipanti tannarAH ityucynteni.du.1.5|1, 3.assttaa.3|1|134,4.dutnibhyaaN dIrghazca-uNA. 3 / 90,5. gatyA :aSTA 3 / 472, 6. aSTA. 6 / 1 / 7,7. netrayoH dRssttinirodhaat-ni.du.dR.5|1,8. pacAdyac-aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 9. aparimitA: asminnadanti iti-ni.du.vR. 5 / 1, 10. aminakSiyajivadhipatibhyo'tran-uNA. 3 / 105, 11. ni. 65, 12. amA zabdena parimANa hInatA vodhyate ni.du.vR. 5 / 1, 13. ama. ko. 3 / 3.250, 14. aSTA. 3 / 2176, 15. uNA. 4 / 159, 16. ni.va. 5.1. 17. pApena karmaNA punaH punaH pApatyamAnaHni du.vR. 5 / 1, 18. avAG nIcaireva narakamevemitiyAvat patatItivA pApa. ni.du.vR. 5 / 1, 19. arza Adyac-aSTA 5 / 2 / 127, 20. tR plavana saMtaraNayo:- dra. aSTA 1 / 2 / 17 para siddhA. kau.vR., 21. tarati zokaM tarati pApmA guhAgranthibhyovimukto'bhRtomavati tarati mRtyuM tarita brahmahatyAm-muNDakopa.. 22 22. tvama asamyabhASaNAt AhaMsi iva tasmAt AhanA asi-ni.du.vR 5 / 1, 3. satyAt nadate. ni.du.1.5|1, 24. nigha.:314,25. aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 26 TA: kasmAda -danAbhavanti zabdavatya: ni. 217, 27. 10896, 28. 230 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcAca
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________________ kra. 9 / 107 / 9, sA.ve. 26348, 29. akSaH karSe tuSe cakre zakaTavyavahArayoH, AtmajJe pAzake cAkSaM tutye sauvrclendriye|| vizva .. 182 / 2, 30. pacAdyac-aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 31. ni. 9 / 4, 32. mitadravAditvAt-vA. 3 / 2 / 178, 33. ama .. 3|3|135-raamaashr. (dra.), 34. ni.du.vR. 5 / 1, 35. R.10|677, atharva . 20 / 917, 36. R. 16885, 37. anyebhyo'pi. vA. 3 / 2 / 101, 38. ni.du.vR. 5 / 1 (dra.).39. Rdorap-aSTA. 3 / 3 / 57,40. pacAdyac-aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 41.ni.du.vR. 5 / 1, 42. karmaNi ghaJ aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, 43. arko drubhede sphaTike tAne sUrye viDojasi- haim.-2|1, 44. nighaNTu tathA nirukta- pR. 164, 45. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, 46. AcchInadyo : 7 / 1 / 80, 47. ni.-12|3, 48 . ama.ko. 1 / 1 / 47, 49. aca i:-unnaa.4|139, 50. kanin yuvRSi. - uNA. 1156, 51. udamasthamuH- aSTA. 5 / 3 / 24, 52. supAM suluk-aSTA 7 / 1 / 39, 53. ni. 1 / 4, 54. vAja. saM. 4 / 19, maitrA. saM. 1 / 2 / 4, 55. ni. 1 / 2, 56. ama. ko. 2 / 9 / 90, 57. Ato'nupasarge kaH- aSTA. 3 / 2 / 3, 58. ni. 5 / 2, 59. kartaricArSidevatayo: aSTA 3 / 2 / 186, 60. pavitraM tu medhye tAne kuze jle| arthopakaraNe cApi pavitrA tu ndiibhdi|| haima.- 3690,61.tudvyathane ityasmAddhAtorghatoda:ni.du.vR. 5 / 2, 62 aca i: - uNA.- 4 / 119, 63. ni. du.vR. 5 / 2, 64. apratipanna razmi hi sUrya: udayavelAyAM nirveSTita zepasvarUpo bhavati tasya tadrUpa guppayogitayA na kutsAItetyupapannam- ni.du.vR. 5 / 2, 65. zipiviSTastu khalvATe duzvarmaNi piNAkini-haima. - 4 / 68, 66. hRNi: dIptiH krodho vA ni.du.vR. 5 / 2, 67.ni. 1 / 3, 68.ni.66, 69. aTA 3 / 3 / 174, 70.ni.3|1- ni.du.vR. 3 / 1 dra.), 71. nidhAnamarmAmiva sAgarAmbarAM zamImivAmyantaralIna pAvakAm nadImivAntaH salilAM sarasvatIM nRpaH sasavAM mhissiimmnyt|| -raghu.39, 72. arti sRdhRdhamyagyazya vitRbhyo'niH-unnaa.2|102,73 krAntakAni pUrNAni somarasaina- ni.du.vR. 5 / 2, 74. adhigava ohamindrAya R. 161|1,75.dii iTImolojIja Apha yAska pR. 124, 76.ApAtamanyuH ApAdita dIptiH utpAdita krodho vA arimiirnne-ni.du.vR.5|2,77.am. ko. 1 / 10 / 30, 78. aSTA. 3 / 2 / 178, pRSoda rAditvAt-nuk) aSTA. 6 / 3 / 109 naantvaandiip-assttaa.4|1|5,79.kr.5/40|4,80. arjeja ca-uNA. 4 / 28, 81. ghAnAbhRSTayavestriyaH ama.ko. 2 / 9 / 47, 82. dhApRvasyajyatibhyo naH uNA.. 331 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 3.6, 83. ghasi bhasorhali ca-aSTA 6 / 4 / 100, 84. ni.du.vR. 5 / 2, 85. ni. 5 / 3, 86. UrUbhyAM puruSaM saMgamakAle aznute vyApnoti-ni.du.vR. 563, 87. UrUbhyAM vistRtAbhyAM dhArAbhyAM zuSkArdrAbhyAmaznute vyApnoti-ni.du.vR. 53, 88. ama.ko. 1151,89. aSTA. 3 / 2 / 1, vA. 3215, 90. ama.ko. 1 / 151, 91. saraterasuna-uNA. 4 / 237 anaci ca-aSTA. 8 / 4 / 47- para mahAbhASya (dra.), 92. sa hi puruSasyAgAMtsaMbhRtaH strIyone: psAnIyobhavati bhakSaNIyo bhrnniiyshc| ni.du.vR. 563, 93. ama.ko. 2 / 9 / 51, 94. ni.du.vR. 5 / 3, 95. puSaH kit uNA. 5 / 4, 96. ama. ko. 3 / 3 / 186, 97. pacAdyac-aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 98. bAjam annm| etadasmAkamiti manyamAnA santo yaM somamAbhi mukhyena patanti sa vAjaspatya: som:| ni.du.vR. 53, 99. gadhyam grAhyam ni.da.tR. 5 / 3, 100. kaurayANa: saMskRtayAna: ni.du.vR. 5 / 3, 101, sa hi nityaM nirgatazepa eva bhavati-ni.du.vR. 5 / 3, 102. nityotthitaH zepo yasya-ni. 5 / 3 (skanda TI.), 103. nicumpuNa nicuDakuNeti ca ni. 5.3, 104. yasmAdeva nicamanena pAnena prINAti-ni.du.vR. 5 / 3, 105. nIcaiH asmin yajJapAtrANi dadhatIti vA ni.du.vR. 5 / 3, 106. sAM hi pakSiNo vadhArthaM tanyate ni.da.tR. 5 / 3, 107. igupadhajJAprIkiraH kaH aSTA. 3 / 1 / 135, 108. ama.ko. 2 / 9 / 22, 109. ni. 5 / 4, 110. vRddhavAzinyapi vRkI ucyateni. 5 / 4, 111. ni.65, 112. ama.ko .. 2157, 113. igupadhajJAprIkiraH kaH - aSTA. 3 / 1 / 135, 114. sRvRzuSimuSibhyaH kak-uNA.341,115. dra.ni.mI. pR. 434, 116. arte : kyurUcca-uNA. 5 / 17, 117. UoterDa : uNA. 5 / 47, 118. yasmadarINAM marmANi kRntti| annapi ca durUpayuktamAyuH kRntati-ni.du.vR., 119. avatata dhanvA pinAkahasta: kRttivAsA: yaju. 3.61, 120. kRttizcamatvacobhUrjekRttikAyAM dvayaM striyaam| medi. 54 / 12, 121. anyebhyo'pi-vA. 3 / 2 / 101, 122. am.ko.-3|3|211, 123. kRtavAnayaM bhUyAt iti suhRdbhiraashaasyte| ni.du.vR. 5 / 4, 124. dI iTImolojIsa Apha yAska pR. 116, 125. Ato'nupasargeka: aSTA. 3 / 2 / 3, 126. phiT suutr-1|1, 127. phiT suutr3|16, 128. uruSyANo aghAyata: smsmaat-kr.5|24|3, 129. uto samasminA zizIhi no vaso-R. 9 / 21 / 8, 130. R. 8 / 19 / 1-10, 131. sArddha tu sAkaMsatrAsamaM saha-ama. ko. 3 / 4 / 4, 132. arteruucc-unnaa.-4|44, 133. sA hi pAraM gantu praNotavyA bhvti| pAragamanAya nameva bhavati-ni. du . vR. 5 / 4, 332: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 134. glAnudibhyAM Dau: uNA. 2164, 135. piparti pUrayati- ni.du.vR. 514, 136. ni. 4 / 4, 137. ni. 6 / 4, 138 ni. 5 / 3, 139. ama.ko. 1 / 1 / 47, 140. zamervan-uNA. 494, 141. prathaH kitsamprasAraNaMca-uNA. 1 / 134, dra.halA. pR. 444, 142. ni. 42, 143. ama. ko. 21654, 144. ku kuTilam aMcitaM bhavati ni.du.vR. 54, 145. ISadaMcitaM bhavati-ni.du.vR. 5 / 4, 146. ama.ko. 2 / 864, 147. droNo'striyAmADhake syAdADhakAdi ctussttye| pumAna kRpIpatau kRssnnNkaakestriiniivRdntre| striyAM kASTAmdu vAhinyAM gvaadnyaampiissyte|| -medi. 46 / 1718, 148. kRvRnRsi. uNA. 3 / 10, 149. ama.ko. 1 / 10 / 26, 150. nipAnamAhAvaH aSTA 3 / 3 / 74,151. aSTA 3 / 3 / 19, 152. eraca-aSTA. 3 / 3 / 56, 153. kokUyamAnA zabdaM kurvANA sA tAluni zabdAn nudati tasmAt kokuvA nudanAt kAkuda zabdaM niruktaM syAt -ni.du.vR. 5 / 4, 154. tatra bhava: aSTA. 4 / 3 / 53, 155. ama.ko. 2 / 6 / 91 (dra. rAmA.) abhi. ci.3|249-dr. zeSarak (rasAkAkulalanA ca), 156. tayA sarveAtmani annaM juhvati ni.du.vR. 5 / 4, 157. tayA Ahvayantini.du.vR. 5 / 4, 159. zevayahvajihvAgrIvApvamIvA:- uNA. 1 / 152, 159. taddhi anyebhya: aMgebhyaH tIrNataraM bhvti-ni.du.vR.5|4, 160.tro razca la:- uNA. 1 / 5. 161. mRgayvAdayaH-uNA. 1137, 162. ni. 93, 163. syandeH samprasAraNaM ghazca-uNA. 1 / 11, 164. nedIya itsRNya: pakvemeyAt-R. 10/101 / 3, 165. sRvRSibhyAM kit-uNA. 4 / 49. (ga) niruktake SaSTha adhyAya ke nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana niruktakA SaSTha adhyAya nighaNTuke naigama kANDake tRtIya khaNDakI vyAkhyA hai| naigama kANDake tRtIya khaNDameM svataMtra padoMkA saMgraha hai jisakI kula saMkhyA 133 hai| ina sAre zabdoMke nirvacana niruktake isa adhyAyameM prApta hote haiM naigama kANDake ye sAre zabda anekArthaka tathA kliSTa saMskAra vAle haiN| anekArthaka hone ke kAraNa ina zabdoMkI vyAkhyAmeM eka se adhika nirvacana denekI AvazyakatA par3I hai| niruktake SaSThaM adhyAyameM yAskane kula 206 padoMkA nirvacana kiyA hai| jisameM nighaNTuke naigama kANDake tRtIya khaNDameM paThita eka. sau saiMtIsa padoMke nirvacana bhI sammilita haiN| zeSa 73pada prasaMgata: Aye haiM jinakA vaidika saMskRta kI apekSA laukika 333 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ saMskRta meM adhika mahattva hai| kucha nirvacanoM ko pUrva meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai yA bAdameM vyAkhyAkI jAyagI, kaha kara yAska kAma calA lete haiN| amatraH evaM dUtaH kI vyAkhyA pUrva meM bhI kI jA cukI hai, tathA RdUpekI vyAkhyA bAdameM kI jAyagI, ke dvArA yAska spaSTa karate haiN| isa adhyAyameM yAska dvArA prastuta 206 zabdoMke nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise mahatvapUrNa haiN| yadyapi bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise sAre nirvacana sarvathA upayukta nahIM haiN| kucha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka zaithilyase yukta haiM tathA kucha bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise sarvathA aspsstt| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTi se upayukta nirvacanoM meM AzuzukSaNiH, zuk, zuciH, AzA , kAziH, muSTi, rodasI, rodha, loSTaH, kuNArUm , alAtRNa: bala:, vrajaH, puruhUtaH, tapuSi, heti:, visuhaH vIrudhA, pulukAmaH, kapanA:, rUjAnA:, jUrNi, omanA, upalaprakSiNI, kArUH, nanA , upasi, prakalavit, abhyarddhayajvA, IkSe, kSoNasya , pAthaH, savImani , saprathA, vidathAni, zrAyantaH, ojaH, AzI:, ajIgaH, zazamAnaH, kRpA, jAmAtA, syAlaH, lAjA, syam , somAnam , auzijaH, uzik, anavAyam , agham , tapuH, carU:, pizuna:, prasitiH, tRSvI, tapiSThaiH, amIvA , krimi:, duritam, apvA, zruSTI, nAsatyau, purandhiH , rUSat, Apyam, sudatraH, suvidatra, AnuSak, turvaNiH, girvaNA, asUte, sUte, amyak, agriyA, pacatA, zurudhaH, aminaH, jajjhatI:, apratiSkutaH, sRpraH, hanU, nAsikA, dhenA, raMsu, dvivarhAH, akraH, urANaH, stiyA, stipAH, javArU, jarUyam , skandhaH, tuaH, varhaNA, tatanuSTiH, ghaMsa, UghaH, kiyaidhAH, bhRmiH, turIyam, rAspinaH, RjatiH, RjunIti, hinota, zakaTam , diviSTiSu, kurUMgaH, krUram , jinvati, RcIsamaH, anarzarAtim, azlIlam , anarvA , mandrajihva, asAmi, sAmi, galdayA, lAgaMlaH, lAMgUlam, matsyAH , jAlam , aMhuraH, vAtApyam vAyaH, AdhavaH, sadAnce, zirimbiThaH, vikaTaH, magandaH, paNDagaH, zAkhA , vundaH, RdUpe, ulvam , aura gnnH| pUrNa dhvanyAtmakatAse rahita nirvacanoMmeM AzA, muSThi, vANI, mUlam , agram , salalUkam , bhARjIkaH, jUrNiH, kRpA, syAlaH, sUrpam , kravyam , kimIdine, amavAn, pAjaH, rizAdasaH, jArayAyi, suzipraH, kulizaH, ilIvizaH, viSpitaH, kulam jalhavaH, livujA, bratati, karUlatI, ANi aura RvIsam hai| yAskake katpayam, askRdhoyuH nizrammA, vijAmAtA , aNuH aura stharyati nirvacanakI dRSTise aspaSTa haiN| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise apUrNa nirvacanoMmeM kUlam , nakSaddAbham , 334: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vRvaduktha, asinvati, tataH, asme, omAsaH, amati yAddazmin canaH zAsadAna:, karasnau, pratadvasU, coSkUyamANa:, coSkUyate, sumat, sthUra:, bakura:, vRkaH, vekanATA, abhidhetana, vata, cAkana, asakrAm anavabrava:, krivirdatI, dana:, zarArU: aura ki: haiM / rala kI ekatA ke siddhAnta para AdhArita nirvacana -haiM- loSTa:, rUja:, kUlam - valam, puruukaamH| adham meM ha kA dha meM parivartana hai / arthasAdRzya para alAtRNaH, skandhaH, UdhaH, rAtriH aura zAkhA haiN| alAtRNa meM svara saMskAra aspaSTa hai| mRdudara se RTUdara zabda meM Adi vyaMjana lopa hai| dRzyAtmaka AdhAra para lamba evaM lAMgUla zabda AdhArita haiN| amUra se amUr3ha: zabda meM kSetrIya prabhAva spaSTa hai| krimi: tathA kANa: zabda AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita haiN| lAMgala se lAMgUla meM rUpasAdRzya hai| * jajjhatI : zabda meM zabdAnukaraNa spaSTa hai| nAsatyau, kurUMga:, kurU: zirimbiThaH, parAzara Adi zabdoMke nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra rakhate haiN| aupamanyava dvArA pradarzita . vikaTa evaM kANa: ke nirvacana yAskake nirvacanoMkI apekSA kama vaijJAnika haiN| nirukta ke SaSTha adhyAya meM vivecita nirvacanoM kA parizIlana draSTavya hai 1 (1) AzuzukSaNi:- isakA artha hotA hai-agni| niruktake anusAra 1- Azuiti ca zu itica kSipranAmanI bhavataH / kSaNistaraH kSaNoteH 1 arthAt Azu evaM zu donoM kSipra kA vAcaka hai antima pada kSaNiH kSaN hiMsAyAM dhAtuse niSpanna hai| Azu + zu +kSaN AzuzukSaNi: isake anusAra isakA artha hogA zIghra naSTa karane vAlI / agni kisI vastu ko tatkAla jalA DAlatI hai| 2-Azu zucA kSaNotIti vA 1 arthAt vaha apanI kAntise zIghra naSTa kara dene vAlI hotI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM Azu +zuc+ kSaN dhAtukA yoga hai-Azu + zuc zuk + SaNi: = AzuzukSaNiH | 3 - sanotIti vA 1 arthAt yaha apanI dIptise dhana pradAna karane vAlI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM Azu + zucA+SaN sambhaktau dhAtukA yoga hai- Azu +zuk + SaN = AzuzukSaNi: / 4- AzuzocayiSu 1 arthAt jo pradIpta honekI icchA vAlI hai| isake anusAra A + zub dIptau +san + ani pratyayake yogase Azu zukSaNiH zabdaniSpanna hotA hai2 A+zuc+zuc+san+aniH = aashushukssnniH| yAskake prathama evaM tRtIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoM ke arthAtmaka mahattva haiN| uparyukta nirvacacanoMse agnike kArya evaM usakI upayogitA spaSTa hotI hai| dhArmika dRSTikoNa se bhI agni kA mahattva hai kyoMki isakI dIptise dhanakI 335: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska =
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________________ prApti hotI hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra AD+ zuS+san + aniH pratyaya kara AzuzukSaNi: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (2) zuk :- isakA artha hotA hai tej| nirukta ke anusAra zuk zocate:1 arthAt yaha zabda dIptyarthaka zuc dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai- zuc + kvip shuk| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI zuc + kvip pratyaya kara zuk zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (3) zuciH :- yaha anekArthaka hai| niruktake anusAra isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiN| 1- zuci: zocate: jvalatikarmaNa:1 arthAt zucikA artha dIpti hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM jvalatyarthaka zuc dhAtukA yoga hai| zuciHkA artha pavitra bhI hotA hai- ayamapItaraH zuciretasmAdeva1 arthAt pavitra vAcaka zuci: zabda bhI isI dhAtuse niSpanna hogA- shuc-shuciH| nirukta sampradAya vAloM ke anusAra zuci: kA nirvacana hotA hai-niSaktamasmAtpApakamati nairuktA:1 arthAt nikala gayA hai pApakA samUha jisase use zuci: kahA jAyagA tathA yaha pavitrakA vAcaka hogA yA jisase pApakA nirgamana ho gayA hai use zuci kahate haiN| isa nirvacanake anusAra zuci: zabda meM ni+ sic kSaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| yAskake nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| nirukta sampradAyakA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise zithila haiN| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| yAskake atirikta bhI nirukta sampradAya pracalita the yA yAskake pUrva se hI nirukta sampradAya the yaha yAskake uddharaNase hI spaSTa hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zuc + in pratyaya kara zuci: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|3 (4) AzA :- yaha dizAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-AzA dizo bhavanti AsadanAt1 arthAt yaha nikaTa, Asanna hotI hai isalie AzA kahI jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM A +sad gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| AzAkA artha upadizA bhI hotA hai - AzA upadiyo bhavanti abhyazanAt1 arthAt yaha cAro ora vyApta hotI hai isalie AzAkA artha upadizA bhI hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM abhi+ az vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai abhi + az = AzA dvitIya nirvacana arthAt upadizAke arthameM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra abhi + 32 : vyutpani vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ az = AzAko saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| prathama nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai| yaha arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra Ara az vyAptau dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara AzA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|4 laukika saMskRtameM bhI AzA dizAkA vAcaka hai| dizA ke atirikta isakA artha tRSNA bhI hotA hai / 5 tRSNA vAcaka AzA bhI isI nirvacanase mAnA jAyagA kyoMki tRSNA bhI vyApta rahatI hai| . (5) kAzi:- yaha muSTi (muTThI) kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra kAzi: muSTi: prakAzanAt1 arthAt prakAzita hone ke kAraNa kAzi: kahI jAtI hai kyoMki muTThI meM rakhI huI vastu prakAzita hotI hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra kAzi: zabdameM kAz dIptau dhAtu kA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra kAz dIptau + in6 pratyaya kara kAzi: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (6) muSTi :- isakA artha hotA hai-muTThI / niruktake anusAra 1- muSTi-mAcanAdvA / arthAt yaha zabda muc mokSaNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha bandhana se chur3AtA hai - muc +ktin = muSTi: / 2- moSaNAdvA arthAt yaha zabda muS steye dhAtuke yogase niSapanna hotA hai kyoMki isase vastueM curAI jAtI hai-muS- ktin = mussttiH| 3mohanAdvA arthAt yaha zabda muh vaicitye dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki muSTigata vastukI jAnakArImeM vyakti saMdigdha rahatA hai| muh + ktic = muSTi: / dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| prathama evaM tRtIya nirvacanoMmeM dhvanigata audAsinya hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra sabhI nirvacanoM kA upayukta hai| ina nirvacanoMse muSTi janya kAryakalApoMkA saMketa milatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra muS + ktic pratyaya kara muSThiH zabdaM banAyA jA sakatA hai| (7) rodasI :- yaha rodhasI arthAt dyAvA pRthvIkA vAcaka hai| niruktakeM anusAra rodasI rodhasI dyAvApRthivyau / virodhanAtra arthAt rodhasI zabda hI rodasI ho gayA hai| yaha dyAvA pRthivIke prANiyoMko roke rahatA hai| isake anusAra isameM dh AvaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai- rUdh + asun = rodhas -dvikcanameM rodhasI tathA dha kA da hokara rodasI zabda huA isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| da varNa kA dha mahAprANIkaraNa mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra rUd+asun7 pratyaya kara rodas - roghasI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 337 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (8) rodha. :- isakA artha hotA hai kinArA / niruktake anusAra-rodhaH kUlaM niruNaddhi strota H1 arthAt rodhaH kA artha hotA hai kinArA kyoMki vaha strota ko rokatA hai| isake anusAra rodhas zabdameM rUdh AvaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra, ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra rUdhirAvaraNe dhAtuse asun pratyaya kara rodhas zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| j (9) kUlam :- yaha kinArAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra kUlaM jate: viparItAt1 arthAt yaha jalakI dhArAse prAya: (bhaMga) TUTatA rahatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda bhaMge dhAtukA yoga hai| rUj dhAtuko viparIta kara yaha zabda banAyA jAtA hai- j-rUj-rUk- +U +ka k + UrjA ra kUla-kUla / rUka kA Adyanta viparyaya hokara tathA ra kA la hokara kUlam, zabda banA hai / niruktakI prakriyAke anukUla hone para bhI bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jAyagA / arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kUla + ac pratyaya kara kUlam yA kUl +ghaJarthe kaH pratyaya kara kUlam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (10) loSTha :- isakA artha hotA hai- mRttikA khaNDa, DhelA / niruktake anusAra `rUjateraviparyayena1 arthAt yaha bhaMga hotA rahatA hai| isake anusAra loSTa zabda rUj bhaMge dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| rUj se loSTha zabda banatA hai-rUj-roSTha-loSThaH (ra kA la meM parivartana) / ra dhvanikA la meM parivartana yAskake pUrva se hI dIkha par3atA hai| ralayoraikyam kA udAharaNa yAskane atyadhika prastuta kiyA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra loSTha saMghAte dhAtuse ac8 pratyaya kara yA ghaJ pratyaya kara loSThaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| megh| hu (11) kuNArUm :- isakA artha hotA hai zabda karane vAlA, garjanazIla | niruktake anusAra kuNArUm parikvaNanam megham 1 arthAt zabda karate kuNArUm zabda meghakA vizeSaNa hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kvaN zabde dhAtu kA yoga hai| isameM vakA samprasAraNake dvArA huA hai kvaN-ka-va-uNa +ArU N + ArU= kunnaaruu| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra kvaN zabde dhAtuse ArU pratyaya kara kuNArU zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| = ka-u 338 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (12) alAtRNaH- yaha meghakA vAcaka hai| nirukttake anusAra-alAtRNo'lamAtardano megho1 arthAt jisakI paryApta hiMsA ho ske| isake anusAra isa zabdameM alam +A + tRd hiMsAnAdarayoH dhAtukA yoga hai| alam ke lie vaidika zabda aram prApta hotA hai| ra varNakA la hokara aram zabda hI alam ho gayA hai| isa nirvacanakA prakRti evaM vikAra svara evaM saMskAra aspaSTa hai| isameM artha sAdRzyakA AdhAra apanAyA gayA hai|9 alam+ A+ tRd se alAtRNa mAnane meM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta rahatA hai| ata: bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra alam+ A+ tRd hiMsAnAdarayoH dhAtu se ghaJ pratyaya kara ise banAyA jA sakatA hai| (13) bala :- yaha meghakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra megho balo vRNote:1 arthAt balaH zabda vRJ (varaNe) AcchAdane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| yaha jala ko AcchAdita kie rakhatA hai| vRJ +apa-vR + ap = vara: -vl:| ra varNakA la meM parivartana isa nirvacanameM huA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra val + ac10 pratyaya kara bala: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (14) vraja :- isakA artha hotA hai meghA niruktake anusAra-vrajo vajantyantarikSepa arthAt vaha antarikSameM gamana karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vraja gamane dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM yaha goSTha, mArga evaM samUhake . arthameM prayukta hotA hai|11 vrajakA laukika saMskRtameM artha vistAra mAnA jaaygaa| baj gatau dhAtukA sambandha sabhI arthoM meM vidyamAna hai|cyaakrnnke anusAra vraj gatau dhAtuse ac3 pratyaya kara vrajaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (15) vANI :- yaha anekArthaka hai| yahAM jala evaM vacanake arthameM prayukta hai| nirukta ke anusAra 1-vANI:Apo vA-vahanAt1 arthAt isako sabhI loga grahaNa karate haiM,vahanakarate haiN|iske anusAraisa zabdameM vaha prApaNe dhAtukA yoga hai|r-vaacovaa vadanAt arthAt vANIkA artha vacana hotA hai kyoMki vANI bolI jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vad vyaktAyAM vAci dhAtukA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase donoM nirvacana apUrNa haiN| arthAtmaka AdhAra donoM nirvacanoMke puSTa haiN|| vaha dhAtuse vANI jalake arthako tathA vad dhAtuse vANI vacana arthako vyakta karatI hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vaN zabde 339: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhAtuse iJ +DIS pratyaya kara vANI: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (16) puruhUtam :- isakA artha hotA hai jl| niruktake anusAra puruhUtaM bahubhirAhUtamudakaM bhavati1 arthAt yaha jala bahuta logoMke dvArA AhUta (abhIpsita) hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM do pada khaNDa haiM-purU +huutm| purU vahu kA vAcaka hai tathA hUtam hUJ spardhAyA zabde ca dhAtukA vAcaka hai-purU + (y +kt-puruhuutm| yaha sAmAsika zabda hai purubhiH hUtam puruhuutm| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| puruhUtakA artha indra bhI hotA hai|12 indra bhI yajJoMmeM bahutoMke dvArA bulAye jAte haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra purU + hveJ spardhAyAM zabde ca dhAtuse kta pratyaya kara puruhUtaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (17) mUlam :- yaha jar3akA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra mUlaM mocanAdvA arthAt ise ukhAr3A jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM muc mokSaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| 2 - 'moSaNadvA' arthAt yaha miTTImeM chipI rahatI hai yA yaha pRthvIse rasa grahaNa karatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM muSsteye dhAtukA yoga hai| 3- mohanAdvA arthAt yaha kAphI dUra taka miTTImeM gayI hotI hai tathA pRthivI se rasa cUsatI hai ata: saba kriyAoMse yaha vyaktiyoMko cakita kara detI hai mUr3ha banA detI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM muha vaicitye dhAtukA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra sabhI nirvacanoM ke apUrNa hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra sabhIke saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ina nirvacanoMko upayukta nahIM mAnA . jaaygaa|vyaakrnnke anusAra mUl dhAtuse ka pratyayakara mUlam zabda banAyAjA sktaahai| (18) agram :- isakA artha hotA hai aglaa| niruktake anusAra agramAmataM bhavati1 arthAt yaha AyA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM A +gam dhAtukA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise yaha nirvacana kiMcit zithila hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra agi kuTilAyAM gatau dhAtuse rak pratyaya kara agram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (19) salalUkam :- isakA artha hotA hai- pApI, AvArA ghUmane vaalaa| 1. salalUkaM saMlubdhaM bhavati pApakamiti nairuktA:1 arthAt nairuktake anusAra salalUka kA artha hai paapii| salalUka saMlubdhako kahate haiM isake anusAra isa zabdameM sam + lubh vimohane dhAtukA yoga hai sam+ lubh- (yaGaluka) + kta +kan =saMlalubdhakam- salalUkam (isameM varNa lopa Adi hokara yaha zabda niSpanna huA) 2- sara rUkaM vA syAt 340: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ sarterabhyastAt1 arthAt zaraNazIla yA AvArA ghUmane vaalaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM sR gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| sR dhAtukA abhyAsa hokara sasarUkam (sR +abhyAsa+ aka)= srruukm-slluukm| nairuktoM kA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise kiMcit zithila hai| yAska kA nirvacana nairuktoMke nirvacanakI apekSA dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise adhika upayukta hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra donoM nirvacanoMke upayukta haiN| (20) tapuSi :- isakA artha hotA hai tapAne vaalaa| niruktake anusAra tapuSistapate:1 arthAt yaha zabda tap santApe dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha tapAne vAlA hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (21) heti :- yaha AyudhakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - hetirhante:1 arthAt yaha zabda han hiMsAgatyoH dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha hanana karatA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| ukta arthameM hI isakA prayoga laukika saMskRta meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra han dhAtuse ktin13 pratyaya kara hetiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (22) katpayam :- isakA artha hotA hai sukhadAyI jalavAlA megh| niruktake anusAra katpayaM sukhpysm| sukhamasya payaH1 arthAt katpayaM meM do pada khaNDa haiM kat sukha pradakA vAcaka hai tathA uttara pradameM payas zabda jalakA vAcaka hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA sukhaprada jlvaalaa| meghakA jala bhI sukhaprada yA madhura hotA hai14 ataH katpayaM meghakA vAcaka hai| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| isakA kevala artha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isake AdhAra para bhI isa zabdameM kata ra payasam-katpayasam - kalpayam mAnA jaaygaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra isake anusAra saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| arthAtmaka AdhArase to yaha upayukta hai hii| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga ukta arthameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (23) viluha :- yaha jalakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-visuhaH Apo bhavanti visravaNAt1 arthAt visuhaH zabdameM vi + tru gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| jala bhI gatimAna hotA hai| ata: vistUhaH kA artha jala hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (24) vIrudha :- yaha auSadhi yA vanaspatikA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra 341 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vIrudhaH auSadhayo bhavanti virohaNAt1 arthAt aneka prakArase uganeke kAraNa vanaspatiyoM ko vIrudhaH kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vi +rUha bIja janmani prAdurbhAve dhAtukA yoga hai vi + rUha-vi-rUdh ha kA dha varNa parivartana-vI+ ruudh-viirudhH| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| ha dhvanikA mahAprANa varNa dha meM parivartana yAskake anya nirvacanoMmeM bhI prApta hotA hai. ha-ardha15 gAhgAdha16 vaha-vadhU17 aadi| vyAkaraNake anusAra vi + rUdh + kvip18 + dIrgha19-vIrUdhaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| latA gutmAdike arthameM isakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| (25) nakSaddAmam :- isakA artha hotA hai vyApaka hokara gati denevAlA yA prahAra karane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra nakSaddhAbham aznuvAna dAbham1 arthAt vyApta hokara hiMsA karane vAlA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vyAptyarthaka nA dhAtu tathA hiMsArthaka dam dhAtukA yoga hai| naz +dam = nkssddaabhm| ukta donoM dhAtuoMkI upalabdhi ukta arthoM meM nighaNTumeM hotI hai| abhyazanena dabhnotIti vA1 arthAt vyApta hokara yA samIpa Akara hiMsA karatA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhArapUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA upayukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (26) askRdhoyu :- yaha dIrghAyukA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAraaskRdhoyurakRdhvAyuH kRdhvitihrasvanAma, nikRttaM bhavati1 arthAt askRdhoyuHkA artha hotA hai akRdhvaayuH| kRdhu zabda hrasvakA vAcaka hai kyoMki yaha kaTA hotA hai| kRdhu zabdameM kRt chedane dhAtukA yoga hai| a + kRta-kRdhu + AyuH= akRdhvAyuH askRdhoyuH| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise svaramata audAsinya bhI spaSTa hai| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| isa zabdakA prayoga ukta arthameM laukika saMskRtameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (27) nizummAH- isakA artha hotA haiazithila gatise le jAne vaalaa| niruktake anusAra-nizRmmAH nizrathyahAriNa: arthAt dRr3hatAse haraNa karane vaale|20 isake anusAra isa zabdameM ni+ath mokSaNe hiMsAyAm dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanameM prakRti pratyayakA saMketa aspaSTa hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ni + any + bhak pratyaya kara nizumbhaH zabda banAyA jA 342: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ sakatA hai| (28) bRbaduktha :- isakA artha hotA hai bRhat stotr| niruktake anusArabaduktho mahaduktho vaktavyamasyA ukthamiti bRbadukthA vA1 arthAt mahAn stotra vAlA yA akathanIya stotra vaalaa| isake anusAra bRbadukthaH zabdameM do padakhaNDa haiM- bRbat + ukthH| bRbat bRhat kA vAcaka hai tathA uktha uttara padastha hai jisakA artha hotA hai stom| yAskane bRbadukya:kA avagata rUpa mahaduktha kahA hai| mahaduktha se bRbaduktha mAna lenA dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise sarvathA asaMgata hogaa| mahat ko vRhat mAnakara bhI vRhat+ uktha: bRbadukthaH mAnane meM dhvanigata audAsinya rahatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra isa nirvacanako pUrNa nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| isa nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| (29) RdUdara :- isakA artha hotA hai som| niruktake anusAra-RdUdaraH somo mRdudaraH mRdUdareSviti vA1 arthAt mRdu udara vAlA yA udarameM jAne para jo mRdu ho| jo andarase mRdu yA komala ho udarastha hone para usa mRdu ko mRdudara kahA jAyagA mRdu + udara-mRdUdara- Rduudr| isa zabdameM prathama pada Rdu hai jo mRdu se varNa lopa hokara banA hai uttara pada udara hai| ata: Rdu+udara-RdUdara: zabda bnaa| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra isa se upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| ukta arthameM isakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (30) RdUpe :- yAska isakI vyAkhyA Age kareMge kaha kara vizrAma le lete haiM lekina Age meM isakI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| (31) pulukAma :- isakA artha hotA hai bahuta kAmanAoM vaalaa| niruktake anusAra pulukAmaH purUkAma:1 arthAt bahuta haiM kAmanAeM jiskii| isa zabdameM do pada khaNDa haiM. pulu+ kaamH| pulu purU kA vAcaka hai jisakA artha hotA hai adhik| isameM ra varNa kA la meM parivartana ho gayA hai phalataH purU pulu uttara pada kAmaH kAmanA kA vAcaka hai. pula + kAma:= puruukaamH| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (32) asinvatI :- isakA artha hotA hai- na cabAte hue| niruktake anusAraasinvatI asaMkhAdantyau1 arthAt ThIka DhaMga se nahIM khAte hue| yAskane isa nirvacanakA mAtra artha hI spaSTa kiyA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| asinvatI zabdameM na-a+Si bandhane dhAtu + zatR+ DIp pratyayakA yoga hai| yaha 343: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ prathamA dvibacanakA rUpa hai| (33) kapanA :- yaha krimikA vAcaka hai| yaha lakar3I AdimeM lagane vAlA kIr3A, ghuNavizeSakA bodhaka hai| niruktake anusAra kapanAH kampanAH krimayo bhavanti 1 arthAt kapanAH rasa coSaka kIr3ekA vAcaka hai jo gatimAna hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kap gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| kampanAse bhI kapanA: zabda mAnA jaayegaa| kap dhAtuse kapanAH zabda mAnanemeM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta rahatA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise yaha saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kap gatau + lyu pratyaya kara kapana : kapanA: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| isa zabdakA prayoga ukta artha meM laukika saMskRtameM prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (34) bhARjIka :- isakA artha hotA hai- apratihata prakAzavAlA / niruktake anusAra-bhARjIka: prasiddhabhA : 1 yaha sAmAsika zabda hai / RjIka prasiddha kA vAcaka hai tathA bhA dIptikA / RjIkA bhA dIptiryasya sa RjIkamA : varNaviparyayase bhARjIka: RjudR kan bhA Rju kabhA: RjIkabhA:- bhARjIkaH / yaha agni ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka pakSa kiMcit zithila hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha upayukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (35) rUjAnA :- yaha nadIkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra jAnAH nadyo bhavanti rUjanti kUlAni1 arthAt ye taToM ko tor3atI rahatI hai ata: nadiyAM rUjAnA: kahalAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM rUj bhaMge dhAtukA yoga hai- j- rUjAnAH / isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| yaha vaidika zabda haiN| laukika saMskRtameM nadIke artha meM isakA prayoga nahIM prApta hotA | (36) jUrNi :- isakA artha hotA hai-gati karane vAlA yA hiMsA karane vAlA / niruktake anusAra 1- jUrNirjavatervA1 arthAt yaha zabda jU gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha gati vAlA hotA hai| 2 dravatervA 1 arthAt yahazabda drugatau dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai-dru dhAtuke u evaM ra kA ApasIvarNa parivartanatathA da kA ja kara d r u-da-U-r-rjUr+ ni:= jUrNi: / isake anusAra bhI isa zabdakA artha hogA gati karane vaalaa| 3- dUnotervA1 arthAt yaha zabda TuG paritApe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA hiMsA karane vaalaa| ina nirvacanoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki 344 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ jUrNi: zabda senAkA vAcaka hai kyoMki vaha gati karane vAlA yA hiMsA karane vAlA hotA hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya evaM tRtIya nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra z2a vayohAnau dhAtuse ni pratyaya kara jUrNi: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra jvar dhAtu se niH pratyaya kara jUrNiH zabda banAyA jAtA hai|21 (37) omanA :- isakA artha hotA hai rakSA karaneke lie| omanA avanAya1 arthAt yaha zabda av rakSaNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| ava rakSaNe dhAtu ke va ko U karane para a + U = man = oman omanA zabda banatA hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra- av +manin pratyaya kara oman- tR.e.va. omanA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (38) upalaprakSiNI :- isakA artha hotA hai-saktakArikA, sakta banAne vaalii| niruktake anusAra- upalaprakSiNI upaleSu prakSiNAti22 arthAt prastaroM para annako kUTane vaalii| isake anusAra isa zabdameM upala +pra + kSi dhAtukA yoga hai| 2. upalaprakSepiNI vA22 arthAt bAluoMmeM annako DAlane vaalii| isake anusAra isa zabdameM upala + pra + kSipa preraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| upala+ pra +kSip =uplprkssinnii| yaha sAmAsika zabda hai| ina nirvacanoMse spaSTa hotA hai ki pahale annako kUTA jAtA hai tadantara use bhUjA jAtA hai aura antameM pIsane para saktukA nirmANa hotA hai| durgAcArya prathama nirvacanakA artha anna kUTanA, bhUnanA tathA pIsanA mAnate haiM jo sababa nirmANake tIna pramukha saMskAra haiN|23 yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTisai upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vaidika annoMmeM jau sarvAdhika prasiddha rahA hai| jau se sakta banAne meM abhI bhI kUTanA, bhUnanA tathA pIsanA tIna saMskAra nihita hai| (39) kArU :- isakA artha hotA hai stutiyoMkA prayoktA yA shilpii| isake saMbaMdhameM yAskakA kahanA hai-kArU: kartA stomAnAm arthAt stAtroM kA prayoga karane vaalaa| isake anusAra kArUH zabdameM kR dhAtukA yoga hai| zilpIke arthameM kArUH zabda bhI kArya sampAdana rUpa kR dhAtuse hI niSpanna hai| kArya karane vAleko kArU: kahate haiN| isakA dhvanyAtmakatathA arthAtmaka AdhAraupayukta hai|vyaakrnnkeanusaar kRAuN pratyaya kara yaha zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM bhI yaha zabda zilpIkai arthameM 345: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ prayukta hotA hai! 24 (40) tata :- yaha santAnakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra tata iti santAna nAma piturvA putrasya vA arthAt tata zabda santAnakA paryAya hai| yaha pitAkA nAma hai aura putrakA bhI nAma hai| pitAke artha meM tata zabdameM tanu vistAre dhAtukA yoga hai tanyate yasmAt sa tataH tathA putrake arthameM tanyate yaH sa tataH mAnA jAyagA arthAt jise paidA kiyA jAtA hai vaha tataH putrakA vAcaka hai tathA isameM bhI tanu vistAre dhAtukA hI yoga hai| isa prakAra pitA vistAra karane vAlA tathA putra vistAra prAne bAlA hai| yAskakA yaha nirvacana prakriyA evaM bhASA vijJAnake anusAra apUrNa hai| inhoMne tata zabdameM dhAtu pratyayAdikA saMketa nahIM kara mAtra arthoMkA hI prakAzana kriyA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra tanu vistAre dhAtuse kta pratyaya kara tataH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM pracalita tAta zabdakA mUla tataH hI hai| (41) nanA :- isakA artha hotA hai- mAtA yA ldd'kii| niruktake anusAra nanA namatermAtA vA duhitA vA22 arthAt nanA zabda nam prahvatve dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| isakA artha mAtA evaM duhitA donoM hotA hai donoMke arthameM nam dhAtukA hI yoga mAnA jaaygaa| mAtAke arthameM nanAkA prayoga isalie hotA hai kyoMki mAtA dugdha pAnAdi karAneke lie apanI santAnakI ora jhukatI hai25 namati yA sA nnaa| putrIke arthameM nanA prayogake saMbaMdha meM kahA jA sakatA hai- vaha apane pitA AdikI paricaryA Adike lie namra hotI hai| 26 yA sammAnameM namaskAra karatI hai- namati namaskAraM karoti yA sAnanA duhitA / isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga ukta artha meM prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| kSetrIya bhASAmeM nAnA evaM nAnI zabdakA prayoga hotA hai jo lagatA hai nanA kA hI vikRta rUpa hai| nAnA evaM nAnI zabda mAtAmaha evaM mAtAmahIke lie prayukta hotA hai| ina zabdoMmeM arthAtmaka sAdRzyakA AdhAra mAnA jAyagA / magahI Adi kSetrIya bhASAoMmeM nunu kA prayoga lar3akA yA lar3akI ke lie hotA hai| lagatA hai nanA zabda hI apane bhinna rUpameM yahAM prayukta hai| (42) upasi :- isakA artha hotA hai- samIpa sthaanmeN| niruktake anusAra upasi upasthe22 arthAt isa zabdameM upa As dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nikaTa kA vAcaka hai| upa + As upas + Gi = upasi / isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| 35 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / (43) prakalavit :- isakA artha hotA- vaNik / niruktake anusAra-prakalavit vaNik bhvti| kalAzca veda prakalAzca22 arthAt yaha kalAoM evaM upakalAoM ko jAnane vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM pra + kalA + vid jJAne dhAtukA yoga hai| pra kalA prakalA zabda kalA evaM upakalA kA paryAya hai| prakalA yA kalA Akalanako kahate haiM jisake antargata zilpa, mAna, pratimAna Adi Ate haiN| upakalAgaNita ratna parIkSA Adi viSayoMse sambandha rakhatA hai / vaNik vyavahArakI ina donoM kalAoMkA jJAtA hotA hai| yaha sAmAsika zabda hai| uparyukta nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta haiN|27 bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra -pra+ kalA + vid+kvip = prakalavid zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (44) abhyarddhayajvA :- isakA artha hotA hai abhivRddhike sAtha dAna detA huA yajJa karatA hai| niruktake anusAra abhyarddhayajvA'bhyarddhayan yajati22 arthAt abhivRddhi karatA huA yA pRthak vibhAjana kara yajJa karane vAlA abhyarddhayajvA kahalAtA hai| 28 isake anusAra abhi + arddha +yaj dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| (45) IkSe :- isakA artha hotA hai-zAsana karate ho| niruktake anusAra-IkSe IziSe22 arthAt IkSe evaM IziSe donoM paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| IkSe zabda IziSe se hI niSpanna hai| iziSe meM iT kA lopa hokara Iz +Se = ikSe zabda bana gayA hai| Iz aizvarye dhAtuse IkSe niSpanna huA hai| isake anusAra isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / (46) kSoNasya :- yaha SaSThyanta pada hai| isakA artha hotA hai- nivAsa kA / nirukta ke anusAra-kSoNasya kSayaNasya22 arthAt yaha zabda kSi nivAse dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai| kSi nivAse + lyuT (aNa) kSavaNa-kSoNa- kSoNasya / isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / -vyAkaraNake anusAra kSi nivAse+Dona pratyayakara kSoNa-kSoNasya zabda banAyA jAsakatA hai (47) asme :- yaha zabda anekArthaka hai tathA vibhinna vibhaktiyoM ke artha se yukta hai| yaha zabda prasaMgAnukUla kaI vibhaktiyoMmeM prayukta huA hai| asmad zabdase ze 347 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya vAka =
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________________ karane para asme zabda niSpanna hotA hai / 29 ze pratyaya kisI bhI vibhaktike sthAna meM A sakatA hai| yaha suvanta pada hai isalie kisI bhI sup vibhikti ke sthAnameM isakA prayoga hogaa| niruktameM vibhinna vibhaktiyoM meM vaidika prayogoM kA pradarzana kiyA gayA hai| jisase vibhinna vibhaktiyoM kA artha spaSTa ho jAtA hai : vibhaktiyAM vaidika prayoga 1. asme te bandhu30 prathamA bahubacana dvitIyA bahubacana 2. asme yAtaM nAsatyAsajoSA 31 3 . asme samAnebhirvRSabhapausyebhiH 32 tRtIyA bahubacana caturthI bahubacana 4. asme prayandhi madhavanRjISan 33 5. asme ArAccidddveSa: sunutaryuyotu34paMcamI bahubacana 6. Urva iva paprathe kAmo asme 35 7. asme dhatta vasavo vasUni36 vibhinna arthoM meM asme vayam ke artha meM asmAn ke artha meM asmAbhi: ke artha meM .asmabhyam ke artha meM asmAt ke artha meM SaSThI bahubacana saptamI bahubacana asmAkam ke arthameM asmAsu ke artha meM yAska ne asme zabdakA vibhinna vibhaktiyoM meM prayoga pradarzana mAtra kiyA hai| isake nirvacanake lie artha spaSTa karanA hI apanA mUla uddezya mAnA hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise yA nirvacana prakriyAkI dRSTise ise pUrNa nirvacana nahIM mAnA jAyagA / (48) pAtha :- yaha anekArthaka hai| pathin zabdase pAthaH banatA hai| pAthaH zabda kI nirukti niruktake dvitIya adhyAyameM kI gayI hai jisameM pat gatau, pada gatau yA panth gatau dhAtukA yoga mAnA gayA hai / 37 vahAM yaha mArgake artha meM prayukta hai / panthA se hI pAthaH zabdakA bhI nirvacana ho jAtA hai| nirukta ke SaSTa adhyAya meM pAthaH zabdake nirvacana kaI arthoM meM kie gae haiM- pAtha: kA artha antarikSa hotA hai jo pathin zabdake nirvacanase hI vyAkhyAta hai 1- pAthaH antarikSam 22 pathA vyAkhyAtam 37 jalako bhI pAthaH kahA jAtA hai 2- udakamapi pAtha ucyate pAnAt arthAt udak vAcaka pAthaH zabdakA nirvacana pA pAne dhAtuse kiyA gayA hai kyoMki isakA pAna kiyA jAtA hai| 3- annamapi pAtha ucyate pAnAdeva22 arthAt annako bhI pAthaH kahA jAtA hai kyoMki yaha khAyA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isameM pA dhAtukA yoga hai| lagatA hai pA dhAtu vaidika kAlameM bhakSaNArthaka bhI thaa| isa prakAra prathama nirvacanameM pat gatau yA pagatau yA panth gatau se pAthaH, dvitIya evaM tRtIya nirvacanoM meM pA pAne yA bhakSaNe dhAtuse pAthaH ko vyutpanna mAnA gayA hai| bhASA vijJAnake 348 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anusAra pat yA pA dhAtuse pAthaH zabda mAnanA upayukta hogaa| ataH yAskake nirvacanoMmeM prathamako pat dhAtuse tathA dvitIya evaM tRtIya ko pA dhAtuse mAnA gayA hai| ve sabhI dhvanyAtmaka eva arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra pA dhAtuse thuT pratyaya kara pAthaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|38 aMgrejI kA Path (rAha) zabda pAthas kA hI antararASTrIya rUpa hai| (49) savImeni :- isakA artha hotA haiM AjhA para, zAsana meM, prasava meM aadi| niruktake anusAra- savImani prasave22 arthAt yaha zabda Su prasavaizvaryayoH dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai- su imanica-(guNa) sat + imanica- (dIrgha) savIman- ddi.-sviimni| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra-su-imanic+ Di= savImani zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (50) saprathA :- isakA artha hotA hai sarvatra prstRt| niruktake anusAra- saprathA sarvataH pRthuH22 arthAt isa zabdameM sa +prath vistAre dhAtukA yoga hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA cAro ora se phailA huaa| sa / prath + asun = sprthaa| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra sa +prath prakhyAte dhAtuse asun pratyaya kara saprathas -saprathA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (51) vidathAni :- vidatha jJAnakA vAcaka hai| vidathAni vidathakA hI bahu vacanAnta rUpa hai niruktake anusAra-vidathAni vedanAni22 arthAt yaha zabda vid jJAne dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha jAnA jAtA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra vid dhAtuse kathac pratyaya kara vidath vidathAni zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| vidathakA artha yajJa bhI hotA hai| vedake prasiddha vyAkhyAkAra uvvaTa evaM mahIdharane vidathako yajJa hI mAnA hai|39 yajJakA jJAnase sambandha honeke kAraNa koI virodha nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| (52) zrAyantaH- isakA artha hotA hai aashrit| niruktake anusAra- zrAyantaH samAzritAH22arthAt zrAyantaH zabda zrisevAyAm dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotaahai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata 349 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ mAnA jAyagA / Azrita honeke kAraNa zrayantaH yA zrAyantaH zabda mAnA gyaa| yaha zatR pratyayAnta zabda hai zri +zatR zrayan zrayantaH zrAyanta- Azraya lie hue / (53) oja :- isakA artha hotA hai bala, kAnti aadi| niruktake anusAra1- oja ojatervA22 arthAt yaha zabda uj vRddhau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai / 40 yaha vRddhi karane vAlA hotA hai| uj dhAtu vaidika dhAtu pratIta hotA hai| 2- ubjatervA22 arthAt yaha zabda ubj Arjave dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| ina nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ubj Arjave dhAtuse asun pratyaya kara ojas zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 41 ojakA artha prakAza, dIpti Adi bhI hotA hai / 42 (54) AzI :- yaha anekArthaka hai| AzI : kA artha Azira hotA hai- AzIrAzrayaNAdvA arthAt isakA sevana kiyA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM AG zriJ sevAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai| 2- AzrapaNAdvA arthAt use pakAyA jAtA hai! ataH isake anusAra isa zabdameM AG + zrIJ pAke dhAtukA yoga hai| AzI : kA artha AzIrvAda bhI hotA hai 3- atheyamitarAzIrAzAste arthAt AzIrvAda vAcaka AzI : zabda AG +zAs icchAyAM dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra prathama nirvacanameM AG + zriJ + kvip = AzIH, dvitIyameM AG + zrIJ pAke + kvip = AzI : tathA tRtIyameM AG + zAs icchAyAM kvip = AzI : zabda hai| sabhI nivarcanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise inheM upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra AG +zAs + kvip + Itva = AzI: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai laukika saMskRtameM AzI: AzIrvAda evaM sarpadaMSTra43 ke lie prayukta hotA hai| vedameM Azira yA AzIra mizrata dugdha ko kahate haiN| (AzIrake tIna prakAra hote haiM 1- yavAzira, 2dadhyAzira evaM somaashir| ina saboMmeM dugdhake sAtha kramazaH yava, daghi evaM somakA vizeSa mizraNa hotA hai| ye sabhI vizeSa paddhatise pakAye bhI jAte haiN)| (55) ajIga :- yaha anekArthaka hai| niruktakeM anusAra - ajIga :: z2igartirgirati karmA vA22 arthAt yaha zabda nigaraNArthaka gR dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA -khAtA hai, nigaraNa karatA hai| 2- gRNAti karmA vA22 arthAt yaha zabda gR stutau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA karatA hai| 3 gRhahNAti karmA vA22 arthAt ajIga zabda graha upAdAne dhAtuke 35 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yogase banatA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA grahaNa karatA hai| ina nirvacanoM meM yAskane mAtra dhAtukI kalpanAkI hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise gR nigaraNe yA gR stutau yA graha upAdAne dhAtu + luG madhyama puruSa eka vacana kA rUpa mAnA jaaygaa| (56) amUra :- isakA artha hotA hai jnyaanii| niruktake anusAra-amUraH amUr3ha:22 arthAt amUraH zabda amUDhaH kA vaackhai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA jo mUr3ha yA mUrkha nahIM hai| amUraH zabdameM na-a + mUra: amUra: hai| ra kA Dha meM svasthAnIya parivartana huA hai| lagatA hai vaidika saMskRta meM ra dhvani Dha meM vikasita huI hai| amUr3ha:kA hI amUraH zabda lagatA hai tatkAlIna kSetrIya bhASAkI dhvaniyoMse prabhAvita ho| zikSA granthoMse yaha patA calatA hai ki sampradAya bhedase varNoMkA uccAraNa tathA parivartana hotA rahA hai| Sa kA kha, ya kA ja, ra kA la Da kA la uccAraNa prAya: ho jAtA hai usI prakAra Dha kA ra bhI kAlAntarameM ho gayA hogaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra a + muha vaicitye + kta pratyaya kara amUr3ha: amUra: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise dhvaniparivartana mAnA jaaygaa| (57) zazamAnaH :- isakA artha hotA hai- stuti karatA huaa| niruktake anusAra zazamAnaH zaMsamAnaH22 arthAt zazamAna: zabda zaMs stutau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| yaha zAnac pratyayAnta zabda hai| yAskane isakA dhAtu pratyaya spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai| zaMs dhAtuse niSpanna mAnane para yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra zaMs stutau dhAtuse zAnac pratyaya kara-zaMsamAna-zazamAnaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (58) kRpA :- yaha dayAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra 1- kRpA kRpatervA22 arthAt yaha zabda kRp kRpAyAM gatau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai dayAkA yoga hone ke kAraNa kRpA dayAkA vAcaka hai| 2- kalpatervA22 arthAt yaha zabda klup sAmarthya dhAtuse niSpanna huA hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacanameM dhvanigata audAsinya hai| arthAtmaka dRSTise dvitIya nirvacana bhI upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kRp kRpAyAM gatau dhAtuse kvip pratyaya kara kRpA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 351:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (59) vijAmAtR :- dhana dekara kanyA kharIdane vAlA jAmAtA vijAmAtA kahalAtA hai| vijAmAtR zabdako spaSTa karate hue yAska kahate haiMvijAmAturasusamAptajAmAtuH22 arthAt guNoMse aparipUrNa jaamaataa| dakSiNa dezameM krItApatike lie vijAmAtA zabdakA prayoga hotA thaa| jAmAtRbhAva kI asamApti isameM bhI rahatI hai| ataH asusamApta a samApta jAmAtAko vijAmAtA kahate haiN| lagatA hai vi upasarga asu yA a kA sthAnApanna hai| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| upasarga vi bhI arthAtmaka dRSTise spaSTa nahIM hai| (60) jAmAtA :- yaha jamAI, dAmAdakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra 1. jAmAtA jA apatyaM tannirmAtA22 arthAt santAna ko nirmANa karane vaalaa| isa zabdameM jA pUrva pada hai tathA mA dhAtu hai| jA jAyA kA vAcaka hai jA+mA + tRc = jaamaatRjaamaataa| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dakSiNa deza vAle krItA kanyA ke pati ko vijAmAtA kahate haiN|45 vyAkaraNake anusAra jA + mAG mAne yA Dumi prakSapaNe dhAtuse tRc45 pratyaya kara jAmAtR- jAmAtA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (61) syAla :- isakA artha hotA hai patnI kA bhAI, saalaa| niruktake anusAra 1. syAlaH AsannaH saMyogeneti naidAnAH22 arthAt naidAna sampradAya vAloM kA maMtavya hai ki vaha sambandhameM atyaMta nikaTa hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM A 1 sad dhAtukA yoga hai| isake anusAra sad se s tathA yuj se ya lekara syAla zabda banAyA gayA hai| 2. syAt lAjAnAvapatIti vA22 arthAt vaha sUpase lAjAko vahanake hAthameM DAlatA hai isake anusAra isa zabdameM syAt+lAja+Da pratyayakA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se yaha pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra donoM nirvacanoMkA upayukta hai| vivAha prakaraNameM lAjAhutike samaya kanyA bhrAtA apanI bahanake hAthameM lAjA detA hai tathA kanyA lAjAkI Ahuti DAlatI hai| isa nirvacanase tatkAlIna bhAratIya saMskRtikA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zyai +kAlan pratyaya kara syAla zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| yA zyA +lA+ kaH pratyaya kara zyAla: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|46 abhI bhI vivAhake avasara para lAjAhutikI vidhi pracalita hai jisameM kanyA bhrAtA bahanake hAthameM rakhe vaMzapAtrameM lAjA detA hai| (62) lAjA :- yaha mUMje hue dhAna (lAvA) kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra lAjAH lAjate:22 arthAt lAjA zabda bhUnanA artha vAle lAj dhAtuke yogase niSpanna 352:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hotA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA jo bhUjA huA ho| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra laj bharjane dhAtuse ghaJ pratyaya kara lAjA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai - laj + ghaJ lAjaH laajaa|47 (63) syam :- isakA artha hotA hai khAdyAnna sApha karane vAlA pAtra vishesssuurp| niruktake anusAra-syaM zUrpa syate:22 arthAt sya zUrpa kA vAcaka hai tathA yaha so antakarmaNi dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isase khAdyAnna se anAvazyaka vastueM phaTaka dI jAtI haiM, nikAla dI jAtI haiN|48 isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (64) zUrpam :- yaha khAdyAnna Adiko sApha karane vAlA sUpa vizeSakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra 1- zUrpamazanapavanam22 arthAt yaha annako pavitra karane vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra zUrpam zabdameM az+ pU pavane dhAtukA yoga hai| 2. zRNAtervA arthAt yaha zabda zR hiMsAyAm dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isase annase saMbaMdhita kIr3e naSTa kara diye jAte haiN| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se upayukta nahIM hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| DA. varmA ke anusAra dvitIya nirvacana svaragata audAsinyase yukta hai|49 vastutaH yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka zaithilyase samanvita hai| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra sarvathA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zUrpa mAne dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara sUrpam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|50 (65) omAsa :- isakA artha hotA hai rakSaka yA praapnniiy| yaha bahubacanAnta hai| yAskane isakA vivecana dvAdaza adhyAyameM kiyA hai| SaSTha adhyAyameM isa zabdakA mAtra saMketa kiyA gayA hai| omAsaH avitAro avanIyA c| arthAt rakSA karane vAlA yA prApaNIya ko omAsaH kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM ava rakSaNe yA arva prApaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha saMgata nahIM hai| ___(66) somAnamaH- isakA artha hotA hai aizvarya sampAdakako yA soma abhiSavana karanevAle ko yaha dvitIyAntapada hai|niruktke anusAra-somAnaM sotAram51arthAt yaha . zabda su dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| su dhAtu abhiSava, aizvarya prasava Adi arthoMme hotA hai|is nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai|maassaa vijJAnake 353:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra su + manin- soman-somAnam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (67) auzija :- isakA artha hotA hai uzik ke putr| niruktameM uzijaH putra:52 auzija: kaha kara spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| yaha taddhitAnta zabda hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (68) uzika :- yaha eka saMjJApada hai| uzik vyakti vizeSakA nAma hai| nirukta ke anusAra uzigvaSTe: kAnti karmaNa:52 arthAt uzik zabda vaz kAntau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki ve uzik kAntimAn haiN| vaz dhAtu sthita va kA u samprasAraNa ke dvArA ho gayA hai-vaz-uz-uzikA isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (69) anavAyam :- isakA artha hotA hai avayava rahita, puurnn| niruktake anusAra 1- anavAyam anavayavam52 arthAt isa zabdameM naJ-an +avAya zabdakA yoga hai| avAya avayava kA vAcaka hai| 2- yadanye na vyaveyuradveSasa itivA52 arthAt doSahIna dUsare vyakti bhI jise zAnta na kara skeN| isake anusAra isameM ava +vi + ava evaM iN dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha anekArthaka evaM anavagata saMskArakA hai| prathama nirvacana an +av + i kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacanakA mAtra arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra an + a + iN gatau + ghaJ pratyaya kara anavAya: anavAyam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (70) agham :- yaha pApakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra aghaM hanteM: nirhasitopasarga:52 arthAt yaha zabda han dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isa zabda meM upasarga A hrasita hokara AyA hai A-a+ han = ahan-i kA gha varNa privrtn-aghm| AhantIti52 arthAt isake anusAra isa zabdameM A+ han dhAtukAM yoga hai| A + hn-aghm| isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdakA artha hogA jo AghAta pahuMcAtA hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ha kA gha homA sarvathA saMgata hai|ghn hI han kA prAcIna rUpa hai|isii prakAra yAskane ghanakI vyutpatti han53se oghakI vaha54se tathA meghakI miha55secane dhAtuse kI hai|vyaakrnnke anusAra aghigatau 354:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara agham zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 56 (71) tapu :- isakA artha hotA hai- sntpt| niruktake anusAra tapustapateH5 arthAt yaha zabda tap santApe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA santapta hokr| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra tap santApai dhAtuse un pratyaya kara tapuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (72) carU :- isakA artha hotA hai mRtikA pAtra, jisameM jala Adi rakhe jAte haiM, ghaTa vishess| niruktake anusAra carmRccayo bhavati caratervA5 arthAt yaha miTTIkA samudAya vizeSa hotA hai yA mRttikA samUhase nirmita hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM car gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| samuccarantyasmAdApaH 52 arthAt isa pAtrameM jala gatimAna hote haiN| yA to jala maranemeM gati pAtA hai yA jala nikAlanemeM gati pAtA hai| isa pAtra meM rakhA jala bhI yadA kadA DolatA rahatA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| DA. varmA ke anusAra yaha nirvacana AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai|57 vyAkaraNake anusAra car gatau dhAtuse un pratyaya kara carU: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| ukta arthakA dyotaka zabda magahI bhASAmeM carU (carUi) ke rUpameM milatA haijo zuddha vaidika zabda mAnA jA sakatA hai|laukik saMskRtameM bhI isa zabdakA prayoga ukta artha meM dekhA jAtA hai| (73) kravyam :- isakA artha hotA hai kaccA mAMsa / niruktake anusAra kravyaM vikRtAjjAyata iti nairuktAH 52 arthAt nairuktoMke anusAra kravya zabda kRt chedarne dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha kATaneke bAda prApta hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai / arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra klav maye dhAtuse yat 58 pratyaya (ra kA la) kara kravya zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM bhI yaha zabda ukta artha meM prayukta hotA hai / 59 (74) kimIdina:- isakA artha hotA hai AvArA / niruktake anusAra kimIdine kimidAnImiti crte|52arthaat idAnIM kim ava kyA isa prakAra kahatA calane vAlA kimIdina kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra kim + idAnIm ke yogase hI kimIdina zabda banA hai| 2-kimidaM kimidamiti vA pizunAya carate52 arthAt yaha kyA hai, yaha kyA hai - kimidaM kimidaM isa prakAra kahate calane vAle pizuna (cugalakhora) ko kimIdina kahA 355: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kim + idam zabdakA yoga hai / kim + idmkimidin-kimiidin| yAska kaI zabdAMzoMke yoga se bhI nirvacana karate haiN| isa prakArake kaI zabda niruktameM Aye haiM jinake nirvacanameM yAska kaI zabdoMke yogakI kalpanA karate haiN| kaI zabda ApasameM sampRkta hokara bhI nae zabdake rUpameM A jAte haiM kIkaTa60 syAla6 1 Rtvij62Adike nirvacanameM bhI isI prakAra aneka zabdake aMzoMkI kalpanA kI gayI hai|yaaskkaa uparyukta nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| inake arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiN| grAsamaina isakA artha duSTa rAkSasa karate haiM / 63 vyAkaraNake anusAra-kim+idAnIm+inipratyayakara kimIdinazabda banAyAjA sktaahai| (75) pizuna :- isakA artha hotA hai cugalI khAne vAlA / niruktake anusAra 1- pizuna: piMzate:52 arthAt yaha zabda piz avayave dIpanAyAM ca dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha sAmAnya bAtako bhI bar3hA-car3hA kara kahatA hai| dUsare vyaktikI truTiyoM ko prakAzita karatA hai / 2- vipiMzatItivA52arthAt vaha viziSTa rUpa se truTiyoM ko phailAtA hai, vizeSa rUpase bAtoMko bar3hA car3hAkara kahatA hai / 65isake anusAra bhI isameM piz dhAtukA hI yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra piz avayave dIpanAyAM ca dhAtuse unan pratyaya kara pizunaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 64 (76) amavAn :- isake aneka artha hote haiN| niruktake anusAra 1amavAnamAtyavAn 2- abhyamanavAn 3- svavAn vA52 arthAt amavAnakA amAtyavAna amAtyase yukta, abhyamanavAn rogabhUta dUsaroMko bhayabhIta karane vAlA66, svavAn AtmIya vyaktiyoMse yukta kaI artha hote haiN| amAtyavAnase amavAn meM amAtyakA am tathA vatup pratyayakA yoga hai| abhyamanavAn-abhyaman- aman + vatup- amanavAn- amvaan| svavAn-ama-sva kA vAcaka + vatup-am +vatup amvaan| sabhI nirvacana anavagata saMskArake haiN| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra kisIkA pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra sabhI nirvacanoMkA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ama + vatup pratyaya kara amavAn zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga ukta artha meM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| = (77) pAjaH-yaha balakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra pAjaH pAlanAt arthAt yaha zabda pAl rakSaNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki apanI evaM dUsaroM kI rakSA isIse kI jAtI hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| isa 356 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra pA pAlane yA rakSaNe dhAtuse asun pratyaya +juTa kara -pAjaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (78) prasiti :- isakA artha hotA hai jAla, paash| niruktake anusAra . prasitiH prasayanAta tanturvA jAlaM vA52 arthAta prasiti zabda pra + si bandhane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki ise bAMdhakara banAyA jAtA hai yA isase bAMdhA jAtA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra pra+ SiJ vandhane dhAtuse ktin pratyaya kara prasiti: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|67 (79) tRSvI :- yaha zabda zIghra yA kSiprakA paryAya hai| niruktake anusAra 1tRSvIti kSipranAma taratervA52 arthAt tRSvI zabda ta plavana saMtaraNayo: dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA santarita hone vaalaa| 2- tvaratervA52 arthAt isa zabdameM tvar saMbhrame dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki yaha zIghratA ke guNase yukta hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (80) tapiSThaiH :- yaha tRtIyAnta bahubacanakA rUpa hai| yaha anekArthaka hai| niruktake anusAra 1- tapiSTaistaptatamaiH52 arthAt atyanta santApa dene vaale| isake anusAra yaha zabda tap santApe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha taptatama hotA hai| tRptatamaiH52 arthAt atyanta tRpta tm| isake anusAra isa zabdameM tRp tRptau dhAtukA yoga hai| tRpTa (tamapa) iSThan- tpisstthH| 3. prapiSThatamairvA52 arthAt atyanta pIsane vaale| isake anusAra isa zabdameM piS saMcUrNane dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki yaha prapiSThatama hotA hai- piSThatama- tpisstthH| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgatamAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra tapa+ tRc iSThan pratyaya kara tapiSTa:- tapiSTaiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|68 (81) amIvA :- isakA artha hotA hai- rogotpAdaka krimii| niruktake anusAra amIvA abhyamanena vyAkhyAtaH52 arthAt amIvA zabda abhyamana se hI vyAkhyAta hai| amavAn zabdake nirvacanameM yAskane abhyamanavAna zabda diyA hai| amIvAkA nirvacana bhI isIse ho jaaygaa|iske anusAra am+van pratyaya kara amIvA zabda banAyA jA sakatA 357:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai| am dhAtu rogakA vAcaka hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra am roge dhAtuse van +TAp pratyaya kara amIvA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (82) krimi :- yaha kITANu, rogANukA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra krimi kravye methati52 arthAt vaha mAMsameM prema rakhatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kravya + mid dhAtukA yoga hai| kravyakA kra tathA mid dhAtukA mi -kramiH krimiH| 2- kramatervA saraNa karmaNa:52 arthAt yaha zabda saraNArthaka kram dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki hiMsAke lie yaha kramaNa karatI hai kram - krimiH| 3- krAmatervA52 arthAt yaha zabda dhAvanArthaka krAm dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki hiMsA ke lie vaha daur3atI hai| yAskA dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMke arthAtmaka mahattva haiN| yaha nirvacana dhAtuja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kram pAdavikSepe dhAtuse in pratyaya kara krimiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|69 (83) duritam :- isakA artha hotA hai-pApa, dusskrm| niruktake anusAraduritam durgatigamanam52 arthAt durgati dene vAle karma, durgatiyukta krm| isake anusAra isa zabdameM duH+ iN gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| apane nirvacanameM yAska dhAtu, pratyayako spaSTa nahIM krte| gamana arthake dvArA hI iN dhAtukA saMketa prApta ho jAtA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra du: + iNa gatau+ kta70 pratyaya kara duritam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM bhI isa zabdakA prayoga ukta arthameM hotA hai|71 (84) apvA :- yaha roga yA bhayakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAsapvA padenayA viddhau'pviiyte| vyAdhi, bhayaMvA52 arthAt yaha zabda roga yA bhaya kA paryAya hai kyoMki isase viddha hokara manuSya naSTa ho jAte haiM, prANoM se pRthak ho jAte haiN| isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM apa +vI gativyAptiprajananakAntyasana khAdaneSu dhAtukA yoga hai| vI dhAtu gati, vyApti, prajanana, kAnti, pAnA, pheMkanA, sundara honA, cAhanA, khAnA Adi arthoMkA dyonaka hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (85) amati :- isakA artha hotA hai Atma niyaMtraka buddhi| niruktake anusAra 358:vyutpani vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ amatiH amAmayImatiH / AtmamayI52 arthAt amati: AtmamayIkA vAcaka hai| amAse yukta matiko amati kahate haiN| amati zabdameM a + mati pada khaNDa hai a amA yA AtmakA vAcaka hai tathA uttara pada matiH hai| Atma +mati: AtmamatiH amatiH, amA + matiH- amAmatiH amati: / isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra bhramAtmaka hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| (86) zruSTI :- yaha zIghrakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra zruSTI iti kSipra nAma / Azu aSTIti 52 arthAt yaha kSiprakA paryAya hai kyoMki yaha zIghra vyApta ho jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM az vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai Azu + aSTI, Azu-zu +az +ktin=za +aSTA zruSTI / isa nivarcanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra zu + az + ktin kara zruSTI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (87) nAsatyau :- yaha azvinIyugalakA vAcaka hai| niruktameM vibhinna AcAryoMke nirvacanoM kA ullekha huA hai / 1- satyAveva nAsatyAvityaurNavAbha: 52 arthAt AcArya aurNavAbha nAsatyakA artha satya mAnate haiN| inake anusAra nAsatyau zabdameM na + asatyau kA yoga hai| 2- satyasya praNetArAvityAgrAyaNa: 52 arthAt AcArya AgrAyaNa nAsatyaukA artha karate haiM satyake prnnetaa| inake anusAra bhI nAsatyau meM nA + satyakA yoga hai| nA netAraukA vAcaka hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra nA ko hI uttara padastha honA cAhie thaa| 3- nAsikA prabhavo vabhUvaturitivA52 arthAt nAsikAse utpanna hone vAle nAsatyau kahalAye, yaha nirvacana aitihAsikoM kA hai|72 isake anusAra isa zabdameM nAsA +tya pratyaya hai| aurNavAbhakA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvAcanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| DA. vuSTa nAsatyau meM nas sAtha honAkA yoga mAnate haiM / 73 vyAkaraNake anusAra ise sAmAsika zabda mAnA jAyagA nAsti asatyaM yayo:- nAsatyau / (88) purandhi :- isakA artha hotA hai kAphI buddhimaan| niruktake anusAra purandhirvahudhIH52 arthAt isa zabdameM do pada khaNDa haiM purU bahukA vAcaka hai tathA uttara padastha dhI hai jo buddhikA vAcaka hai| yaha zabda kaI devatAoMke vizeSaNake rUpameM prayukta huA hai| devatAoMke karmake anusAra yAska isa zabdakA bhI nirvAcana prastuta karate hai| 1-magaHpurastAttasyAnvAdeza: ityekam 52 arthAt kucha logoMke anusAra yaha zabda pUrvanirdiSTa 359 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhaga devatAkA vizeSaNa hai| 2- indra ityaparaM sa bahukarmatamaH purAM ca dArayitRtamaH52 arthAt kucha logoMke anusAra yaha zabda indrakA vAcaka hai kyoMki ve indra aneka karmoMko dhAraNa karane vAle haiM yA zatruoM ke puroM (nagaroM) ko vidIrNa karane vAle haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM murU +dhI yA purU+ dhA yA pura +dR vidAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai|74 3- varUNa ityaparam52 arthAt kucha loga varUNa devatAko bhI purandhi kahate haiN| taM prajJayA stauti arthAt isa varUNadevakI stuti prajJA, buddhise kI jAtI hai|76 isake anusAra isa zabdameM purU+dhI kA yoga hai purU +dhA dhAtuse niSpanna purandhi: zabda dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| ise bhASA vijJAnake anusAra upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| zukla yajurvedake prasiddha bhASyakAra uvvaTa tathA mahIdhara ne purandhiH zobhana aMgoMse yuktakA vAcaka mAnA hai|77 isake anusAra-puraM +dhA kA yoga mAnA jaaygaa| bhAropIya bhASAkI anya zAkhAoMmeM bhI isake rUpa dRSTigocara hote haiM grIka Plous saM. purU, aMgrejI deed karma (saMskRta dhA yA dhi75 vyAkaraNake anusAra purU +ghA + ki pratyaya kara purandhi: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (89)rUzat :- yaha varNanAmakA vAcaka hai|niruktke anusAra rUpat iti vrnnnaam| rocatez2alati karmaNa:52 arthAt yaha zabda jvalatyarthaka rUc dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha pradIpta hotA hai, camakatA hai isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra rUpa dhAtuse at pratyaya kara rUzat zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (90) rizAdasa :- isakA artha hotA hai hiMsakoM kA naashk| nirukta ke anusAra rizAdasaH rezayadAsinaH52 arthAt hiMsA karane vAloMko dUra pheMkane vaale| isake anusAra rizAdasa meM riz hiMsAyAM +as kSepaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| rezayat (hiMsaka) meM riz dhAtu hai jo pUrva padastha hai tathA uttara padastha as kSepaNe dhAtu hai| yAska rizAdasaH ko rezayat + AsinaH ke dvArA spaSTa karate haiN| riz dhAtuse Nic + zatR rezayat + as kSepaNe rezayad rizadasa - rishaadsH| kucha AcAryoMke anusAra isakA nirvacana rezayadAriNa:se kiyA gayA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM rezayat +dR vidAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai|78 artha hogA hiMsakoM (zatraoM) ko vidAraNa karane vaalaa| yaha nirvacana niruktake vartamAna saMskaraNoM meM nahIM dekhA jaataa| durgAcArya ne apanI durgavRtti meM isakA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai jisase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nirukta ke kisI na kisI saMskaraNa meM yaha avazya 360:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hogaa| yAskakA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise zithila hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra usakA upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacana jisameM rezayat + dR vidAraNe dhAtukA yoga mAnA gayA hai, arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga ukta artha meM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| (91) Ayyam :- isakA artha hotA hai prApya / nirukta ke anusAra ApyamApnoteH 52 arthAt yaha zabda AplR vyAptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ap +aN + SyaJ pratyaya kara Apyam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (92) sudatra :- isakA artha hotA hai kalyANake lie dAna dene vaalaa| niruktake anusAra- sudatraH kalyANadAnaH 52 arthAt sudatraH zabdameM do pada khaNDa haipUrva padastha su kalyANakA vAcaka hai tathA uttara padastha datra zabda dA dAne dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hai| yaha datra dAnakA vAcaka hai| su + dA =sudatraH / isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / (93) suvidatra :- isakA artha hotA hai- kalyANakArI vidyAse yukta / nirukta ke anusAra- suvidatra: kalyANavidya : 52 isake anusAra suvidatra zabdameM su + vidatra do pada khaMDa haiN| su kalyANa kA vAcaka hai jo pUrvapadastha hai| uttarapadastha vidatrameM vid jJAne dhAtukA yoga hai su + vid = suvidatraH / isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / (94) AnuSak : yaha AnupUrvyakA vAcaka hai| niruktaMke anusAra-AnuSagiti nAmAnupUrvasya, anuSaktaM bhavati52 arthAt eka dUsare se jur3A hone ke kAraNa AnuSak kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM anu+saa saMge dhAtukA yoga hai- anu + saJ aanussk| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra A + anu + SaJ + kvip pratyaya kara AnuSak zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| = (95) turvaNi:- isakA artha hotA hai pradAna karane vAlA, yA zIghra vyApta karane vAlA/niruktake anusAra-turvaNi: tUrNavani: 52 isa nirvacanameM tur tUrNakA vAcaka hai tathA van sevAyAM zabde ca dhAtuke yogase turvaNiH zabda niSpanna huA hai-tura (tUrNa) + van +in =turvaNi: |artha hogA zIghra dene vaalaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra 361 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ upayukta hai! bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra-dur + van sevAyAM +in pratyaya kara turvaNiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (96) girvaNA :- yaha devatA kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- girvaNA : devo bhvti| gIrbhirevaM vanayanti52 arthAt vANiyoM se stutiyoM se inakI sevA, stuti kI jAtI hai| vANIke dvArA loga inakA bhajana karate haiN|79 inake anusAra isa zabdameM gI:+ vana sevAyAM saMbhaktau dhAtukA yoga hai| girvaNA : meM gI: +vanas svataMtra prakRti mAnI jAegI- gI:+ vanas = girvanas- girvnnaa:| DA. varmA vanas ko svataMtra prakRti nahIM mAnate80 jabaki pezas81 tapas82 Adi zabda svataMtra sakArAnta prakRtike rUpameM niruktameM prApta hote haiN| yAskake uparyukta nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra gI: +van+ asun pratyaya kara girvaNA : zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (97) asUrte :- isakA artha hotA hai vAyuke dvArA prerita (megha yA anya marudgaNa) niruktake anusAra-asUrte asusamIritA52 arthAt isa zabda meM asu+ Ir gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| asu prANakA vAcaka hai isase prerita ko asUrta kahA jaaygaa|83 asUrte saptamIkA eka vacana rUpa hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra asu+ Ir gatau + kta pratyaya (iDbhAva) kara asUrta- asUrte zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (98) sUrte :- yaha vistIrNakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra sUrte-susamIrite52 arthAt yaha prathamAke arthameM prayukta saptamyanta pada hai| isa zabdameM su + Ir gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| su + I+ kta + saptamI ekvcn-suurte| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| vyAkaraNake anusAra su + Ira gatau + kta pratyaya kara sUrta-sUrte zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| . (99) amyak :- isakA artha hotA hai AtmajJAna prApta karAne vAlI vidyA, zatruoM kI ora phekA gayA astra vishess| niruktake anusAra 1-amyak amAkteti vA52arthAt jisase apaneko aMcita karatA hai|iske anusAra isa zabdameM amA +aJca pUjAyAM gatau dhAtukA yoga hai-amA +aJca smyk| aJca kA gati artha mAnanepara isakA artha hogA merI ora pheMkI gyii| 2. amyakteti vA52 arthAt cAro ora pheMkI gyii| 362 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ isake anusAra ami + aJc gatau pUjAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra amA + aJc dhAtuse kvip pratyaya kara amyak zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (100) yAdRzmin :- isakA artha hotA hai jisa prakArake kaammeN| niruktake anusAra yAdRzmin yAdRzai52 arthAt yaha anavagata saMsArakA vAcaka hai tathA pUrNa aspaSTa hai| yaha saptamyanta pada hai| yAdRzake arthameM isakA prayoga hotA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise apUrNa mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra-yat + dRz-yAdRzaH + saptamI ekavacana -yAdRzmin banAyA jA sakatA hai| (101) jArayAyi :- isakA artha hotA hai-utpanna huaa| niruktake anusAra jArayAyi ajAyi52 isake anusAra isameM jan prAdurbhAve dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaaygaa| yAska mAtra isakA artha hI spaSTa karate haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise apUrNa mAnA jaaygaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| isa nirvacana kA mAtra arthAtmaka mahattva hai| svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI ne isakA artha zarIra kiyA hai- jAraM jarAvasthA yAtuM zIlamasya taccharIram84 vyAkaraNake anusAra jAra + yA + Nini85 pratyaya jArayAyi zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (102) agriyA :- isakA artha hotA hai Age bar3hanA, pradhAna honaa| niruktake anusAra 1- agriyA agragamaneneti vA52 arthAt Age jAneke kaarnn| isake anusAra isameM agra +yA prApaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| 2- agragaraNeneti vA52 arthAta agra nigaraNake kAraNa agriyA kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra agra + gR nigaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| 3. agrasampAdina iti vA52 arthAt agra sempAdanaM karaneke kAraNa agriyA kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra- agra + yA (kArya sampAdana) kA yoga hai| 4. api vA agram ityetadanarthakamupabandhamAdadIta52 arthAt agra zabdameM yA upabaMdha hai jo anarthaka hai yA svArtha meM hI prayukta hai| agra+ yA =agriyAprathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra agra + gha=agriya- agriyA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (103) cana :- yaha annakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-cana ityannanAma52 363:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yAska ne isakA nirvacana prastuta nahIM kiyA hai| mAtra yaha annakA vAcaka hai yA anna nAma hai aisA artha dekara chor3a diyA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise nirvacana nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| nirvacana prakriyAke anusAra bhI yaha nirvacana nahIM hai| lokameM prayukta canA anna vizeSakA AdhAra yahI cana zabda mAlUma par3atA hai| isa zabdakA Aja artha saMkoca mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra cAyR pUjAdau + asun pratyaya kara (cAt nuT) canaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|86 (104) pacatA :- yaha AkhyAta svarUpa pacati kA nAma rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| niruktake anusAra-pacatirnAmIbhUtaH 52 arthAt yaha pac dhAtukA nAma bhUta zabda hai| isakA artha hai paka: (pakA huaa)| prakaraNake anusAra tInoM vacanoM meM yaha prayukta hotA haiM pacatA- pakvam, pakvau, pakvAni / yAska isa zabdakA mAtra artha hI spaSTa karate haiM tathApi isa zabdameM pac dhAtukA yoga spaSTa ho jAtA hai- pac + kta+pacatam +su kA A- pctaa| isake anusAra isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra-pac + atac- pacat + A pacatA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| = (105) zurUdha :- yaha jalakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra zurUdha Apo bhvnti| zucaM sNrundhnti|52 arthAt yaha zuc (zoka, prakAza, uSNatA) ko roka lete haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM zuc + rUdh dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / (106) amina :- yaha mahAn kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra 1 - amino amita mAtro mahAn bhavati52 arthAt yaha aparimita mAtrA vAlA hotA hai jise mahAn . kahA jAtA hai| amitA mAtrA yasya saH aminaH isake anusAra naJ - a + ma + kta= aminH| 2-abhyamitovA1 arthAt jisakI hiMsAna kI jA sake ahiNsit| isake anusAra a + mIJ hiMsAyAm + kta = aminaH zabda hai / ina nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra ise a + mi kSepe + naG pratyaya kara amina: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (107) jajjhatIH- isakA artha hotA hai- jala / niruktake anusAra-jajjhatI: Apo bhvnti| zabda kAriNyaH 52 arthAt yaha zabda jajjha (zabda karanA) se niSpanna hai| varSA honeke samaya jajjha zabda hotA haiata : jajjhatI ko jala kahA jAtA hai| zabdAnukRtike 364: vyutpatti aura AcArya yAska
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________________ AdhAra para isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai| zabdAnukaraNa siddhAnta kI mAnyatA bhASA vijJAnameM bhI hai| bahuta sAre zabda zabdAnukaraNake anusAra bane haiN| yaha nirvacana bhASA vijJAna evaM nirvacana prakriyA ke anurUpa hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra jajjha zabda karaNe dhAtuse jas kara jajjhatI: (pUrva savarNa dIrgha ekAdeza) zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (108) apratiSkuta :- isakA artha hotA hai jisakA pratikAra na kiyA jA ske| niruktake anusAra- aprtisskuto'prtisskRto'prtiskhlitovaa|52 arthAt jo yuddha bhUmimeM zatruoM se mukha na mor3e yA jo raNasthalameM skhalita na ho| isake anusAra isa zabdameM naJ-a + prati +skUJ ApravaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| apratiskhalita: ke dvArA mAtra artha nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| dvitIya nirvacanakA mAtra arthAtmaka mahatva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra na a+ prati +skuJ+ kta =apratiskutaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (109) zAzadAna :- isakA artha hotA hai- punaH punaH dabAtA huA yA mAratA huaa| niruktake anusAra-zAsadAnaH zAzadyamAna:52 arthAt zatruoMko dabAtA huaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM zadlU zAtane dhAtukA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise yaha nirvacana pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| isa nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga ukta artha meM prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (110) sRpra :- isakA artha hotA hai sarpaNazIla, namanazIla, koml| niruktake anusAra 1- sRpraH sarpaNAt87 arthAt isa zabdameM sRp sarpaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA sarpaNa karane vAlA 2- idmpiitrtsRprmetsmaadev| sarpi tailaM vA87 arthAt ghRta evaM tailakA vAcaka sRpra zabda bhI isI sarpaNa kriyA ke kAraNa banatA hai arthAt yaha zabda sRpa sarpaNe dhAtuke yogase hI niSpanna hotA hai| yAskake nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA vyAkaraNake anusAra sRp gatau dhAtuse kruna pratyaya kara sRpraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (111) suzipra :- isa zabdakA artha bhI namanazIla hotA hai| yaha jabar3e yA nAsikAkA vAcaka hai| suzipram kI vyAkhyA sRpraH se hI ho jAtI hai arthAt isa zabdameM bhI sRpasarpaNe,gatau dhAtukA yoga hai|niruktke anusAra suziprametena vyaakhyaatm| ziprehanU 365:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nAsikevA87 hanu tathA nAsikA ke lie zipra zabda prayukta huA hai| hanu (jabar3e) annagrahaNa ke lie gati karate haiM tathA nAsikA gandha grahaNake lie gati karate haiN| sRp gatau se suzipra zabda meM dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai|arthaatmk AdhAraisakA upayukta hai| (112) karasnau :- yaha vAhUkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra karasnau baahuu| karmaNAM prsraataarau|87 karasnau dvivacanAnta pada hai jisakA artha hotA hai bhujaaeN| bhujAeM kArya sampAdana karane vAlI hotI haiN| ata: karasnau kahalAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM karma +snA dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra zithila hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| (113) hanU :- yaha dvivacanAnta zabda donoM jabar3ekA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra hanurhante:87 arthAt hanuH han , hiMsAnatyau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki ye khAdya vastuoM ko cabAte haiM yA annake lie gati karate haiN| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra han dhAtuse uH pratyaya kara hanuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|88 (114) nAsikA :- yaha nAkakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra nAsikA nasate:87 arthAt yaha zabda gatyarthaka nas dhAtuke yogasase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki gandhagrahaNa meM isameM gati hotI hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra -nas-Nvul = nAsika nAsikA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| bhAropIya parivArakI aMgrejI bhASA meM nas se niSpanna Nose nAsA-nAsikA (saMskRta) kiMcit dhvanyantara ke sAtha prApta hotA hai| (115) dhenA :- yaha jihvA yA vANIkA vAcaka hai| AcArya durgane isakA artha jihvA yA upajihvA mAnA hai- tayohi annaM dhIyate89 arthAt donoM meM anna rakhe jAte haiM yA unase anna dhAraNa kie jAte haiN| niruktake anusAra-dhenA dadhAte:87 arthAt dhenA zabda dhA dhAraNa poSaNayo; dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| jihvA ke pakSameM artha hogA vaha annako dhAraNa karane vAlI hotI hai| dhaa-dhenaa| vANIke arthameM abhidheya dhAraNa karane vaalii| nighaNTu ke dhenA zabdakI vyAkhyAmeM devarAja yajvA ne isakI tIna vyAkhyA prastutakI hai-1dhA dhAtuse-dadhAnA-dhenA vANI arthaparakAra-dheTa pAne dhAtuse-dhenA, vANIko loga svIkAra karate haiM, grahaNa karate haiN| 3. dhivi prINane dhAtuse dhenA, suprayukta vANI 366 gunpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ prasanna rakhatI hai yA logoM kI prasannatAkA kAraNa hotI hai / 90 yAskakA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyegA / vyAkaraNake anusAra dhe dhAtuse nan pratyaya kara dhena-dhenA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|91 - (116) raMsu :- isakA artha hotA hai- ramaNIya sthAnoM yA padArthoM meM / niruktake anusAra - raMsu ramaNIyeSu ramaNAt arthAt yaha zabda ramu krIr3AyAM dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| yaha saptamyanta pada hai isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra ram + kvip + sup = raMsu zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| ( 117) dvibarhA :- isakA artha hotA hai do sthAnoM meM bar3hA huA / niruktake anusAra-dvayoH sthAnayoH parivRr3haH madhyame ca sthAna uttame c|87 arthAt uttama sthAna dyuloka meM tathA madhyama sthAna antarikSa lokameM bar3hA huA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM dvi+ vRha vRddhau dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra dvi + vRh+ asun pratyaya kara dvibarhA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (118) akra :- isakA artha hotA hai- durga, prAkAra, kilA / niruktake anusAraakraH AkramaNAt87 arthAt AkramaNa karaneke kAraNa akra kahalAtA hai / yuddhameM zatru isa durga para AkramaNa karate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabda meM A + kram dhAtukA yoga hai| A a + krama kA kra = akrH| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka mahattva se yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra acu gatau dhAtuse rak pratyaya kara akraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| - ( 119) urApya :- isakA artha hotA hai alpako atyadhika karane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra urANa: uru kurvANaH 87 arthAt uru kurvANa hI urANa bana gayA haiuru+ kurvANa- urvaann-uraann| urukA artha hotA hai vistRta, kurvANa karane vaalaa| dhvani lopa Adi nirvacana prakriyAke antargata mAnya haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI isakI svIkRti hai| taM tvAM yAcAmi meM varNa lopa hokara tattvAyAmi zabda isake anya udAharaNoM meM draSTavya hai|92 bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yAskakA yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArabhI upayukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga ukta artha meM prAya nahIM dekhA jaataa| 367 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (120) stiyA :- isakA artha jala hotA hai| niruktake anusAra- stiyA Apo bhavanti styAyanAt87 arthAt yaha zabda styai zabda saMghAtayo: dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki jalakA saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaypaa| laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (121) stipA :- isakA artha hotA hai jaloMkA pAlana karane vAlA yA sthita padArthoM kI rakSA karane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra 1. stipAH stiyApAlana: 2. upasthitAn pAlayatIti vA87 arthAt jaloMkA pAlaka, upasthita padArthoM yA logoMkI rakSA karatA hai| tRssnnaatokii pyAsa bujhAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM styai-stiyA+ pA=stiyApA-stipA: yA sthita + pA= sthitapA- sthipA= stipA (tha varNa kA ta meM parivartana mahAprANakA alpaprANIkaraNa hai| donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI inheM saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (122) javArU :- isake artha hote haiM-1- savega ArUr3ha, 2- naSTa karate hue ArUr3ha,3. nigarAnI karate hue ArUr3hA niruktake anusAra 1- javArU javamAnarohi87 arthAt gatimAn aaruuddh'| isake anusAra isa zabdameM java ra saha Arohe dhAtukA yoga hai- java+rUha- jvaaruu| 2. jaramANarohi arthAt naSTa karate hue ArUr3hA isake anusAra isa zabdameM ju+ rUha dhAtukA yoga hai-jU-jar + rUha-java +rUha -javarUha - javArU 3. garamANarohItivA87 arthAt nigalate hue aaruuddh'| isake anusAra isa zabdameM gR nigaraNe +rUha Arohe dhAtukA yoga hai-gR-gara-jara-java + rUha java rUha jvaaruu| prathama nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| durgAcArya ne javArU zabdakA artha sUryamaNDala kiyA hai|93 uparyukta tInoM nirvacana sUrya maNDalake pakSameM saMgata haiM kyoMki mha vegase ArUr3ha hotA hai, andhakAra ko naSTa kara bar3hatA hai tyA rasoM kA nigaraNa kara bar3hatA hai| grAsa maina isakA artha karate haiM zIghratA karatA huaa|94 ... .(123) jakhtham :- yaha stotrakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- jarUyam garUtham gRNAti87 arthAt garutham zabdahI jarUyam ho gayA hai kyoMki yaha stutike lie prayukta hotA hai isake anusAra yaha zabda gR stutau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA . hai. gR-gara + Urthana garutham -jruuym| gR dhAtuse jarUyam zabda mAnane meM dhvani parivartana huA hai| . 368:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ga dhvanikA ja meM parirvatana kara jarUtham mAnA gayA hai|95 jarUtham zabdako jR dhAtuse hI niSpanna mAnanA adhika saMgata hogaa| vaidika yugameM jR dhAtu zabde, stutau ca rahA hogaa| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI gR dhAtuse isakA nirvacana mAnanA jyAdA saMgata hogaa| nirvacanakI prakriyAke anusAra yaha nirvacana upayukta hai| gR dhAtuse jarUtham zabda mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka mahattva rahatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra jR dhAtuse Uthan pratyaya kara jarUtham zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (124) kuliza :- yaha vajrakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-kuliza iti vajra nAma kUla zAtano bhavati87 arthAt kuliza vajrako kahate haiN| yaha nadIke kinAroM kI bhAMti megha yA parvatoM ko phAr3ane vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kUla + zad zAtane dhAtukA yoga hai-kUla + zad - kUlazaH -kuulishH| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| isa nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kuli + zIGaDaH pratyaya kara kulizaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|99 kulau shete| yA kuli +zo tanUkaraNe +ka:92 pratyaya kara kulizaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (125) skandha :- isakA artha hotA hai per3a kI shaakhaa| niruktake anusAra skandho vRkSasya samAskanno bhavati87 arthAt yaha vRkSameM lagA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM skand dhAtukA yoga hai| skandhakA artha kandhA bhI hotA hai| ayamapItaraH skandha etasmAdeva AskannaM kAye87 arthAt kandhAvAcaka skandha bhI isI nirvacanase mAnA jAyagA kyoMki vaha zarIra meM lagA hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| skandha kA kandhA artha sAdRzyake AdhAra para huA hai| skandase skandha meM da varNa kA dha ho gayA hai jo alpaprANakA mahAprANa meM varNa parivartana hai| mad se madhu99 tathA syanda dhAtuse sindhu100 zabdameM bhI da kA dha dekhA jAtA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra skanda dhAtuse gha98 pratyaya kara skandhaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (126) tua :- isakA artha hotA hai daan| niruktake anusAra tuastuJjaterdAnakarmaNa:87 arthAt tua zabda dAnArthaka tuji dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| dAnArthaka tuji dhAtu nighaNTu paThita hai| dAna karmase yukta honeke kAraNa tuaH zabda kahalAtA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga 369:vyutpatni vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ prAya: nahIM dekhA jAtA / moniyAra viliyamsa mahodaya isakA artha karate haiM dhakkA yA prhaar| grAsa-maina ke anusAra isakA artha hotA kUca karanA, daur3a, Age dabAva denA, ddhkelnaa| 101 (127) barhaNA :- isakA artha hai bar3hA huA yA parihiMsA / niruktake anusAra barhaNA parivarhaNA87 arthAt yaha zabda vRddhayarthaka vRha yA varha hiMsAyAm dhAtu ke yogase niSpanna hotA hai|102 vRha + lyuT = barhaNa-barhaNA, barha + lyuT-varhaNa, vrhnnaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / grAsamaina isakA artha zakti yA bala karate haiN| moniyAra viliyamsa isakA artha phAr3anA yA khIMcanA karate haiM / 103 (128) satanuSTi :- isakA artha hai vistAra cAhane vAlA yA bhogameM lagA rahane vAlA / niruktake anusAra tatanuSTi dharma santAnAdapetam alaMkariSNumayajvAnaM 87 arthAt jo manuSya dharma santAna arthAt agnihotrAdise pRthak hokara kevala bhogameM hI lagA rahatA hai| isake anusAra tanu vistAre dhAtu se tatan + vaz kAntau dhAtuse uSTi tatan + uSTiH tatanuSTiH yA tan +san +ktic - titaniSTiH tatanuSTiH zabda mAnA jA sakatA hai| tan evaM vaz kAntau dhAtuse niSpanna mAnane meM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hotA hai| va kA u samprasAraNa se huA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / = (129) ghraMsa :- yaha dina kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - ghaMsa ityaharnAma grasyante'smin rasAH87 arthAt isameM rasa-jala sokha lie jAte haiN| dinameM sUrya tApase jala (rasa) sokha lie jAte haiM / 104 isake anusAra isa zabdameM gras dhAtukA yoga hai| gras dhAtuse ga kA gha hokara ghaMsa zabda banA hai| yahAM varNakA mahAprANIkaraNa huA hai| grakA prAcIna rUpa ghra hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra gras AdhAre ghAtuse ghaJ 105 pratyaya kara ghaMsaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (130) Udhas :-yaha(gAya kA ) thana evaM rAtrikA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra 1-gorUdha uddhatataraM bhavati87 arthAt yaha gAya kA thana kucha umarA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM ut + han dhAtukA yoga hai| uta+han - uddhata - Udhas / 2- uponaddhamiti vA87 arthAt yaha peTase saTA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM ut + nah bandhane 370 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhAtukA yoga hai-ut + nah = Udhas / snehAnupradAna sAmAnyAt rAtrirapyUdhaH ucyate 87 arthAt (sneha) dUdha- (rasa) osa dAna rUpa samAnatA ke kAraNa rAtriko bhI UdhaH kahA jAtA hai| gAyake samAna hI rAtri bhI osakA varSaNa karatI hai| gAya ke thana arthameM Udhas zabda kA prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| rAtrike artha meM Udhas prayoga sAdRzya AdhAra rakhatA hai| ukta artha meM isakI dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka saMgati upayukta nahIM hai| gAyake thana ke lie bhAropIya parivAra kI anya bhASAoM meM bhI kiMcit dhvanyantara ke sAtha yaha zabda upalabdha hotA hai- laiTina Uder aMgrejI Udder Ayariza Ult jarmanI Cuter 106 laukika saMskRta meM Udhas kA prayoga . thanake lie hI hotA hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra undI kledane dhAtuse asun pratyaya kara Udhas zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai | 107 (131) ilIviza :- isakA artha hotA hai bAdala / nirukta ke anusAra ilI viza ilAvilazayaH87 arthAt pRthvI ke bilameM zayanakarane vaalaa| jala varSAke rUpameM pRthvIke khAtoMmeM saMgraha hotA hai / 108 isake anusAra ilA + bila + zIG zayane dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai-bile zete iti bilezaya : bilazayaH / varNalopa hokara viza: -ilA +vizaH ilAviza: varNa parivartanase ilIviza: / isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ila L vila. ilIvi+ zayaH zaH ilIvizaH yA il + ka:= ila: +DIS = ilI+ viza: - ilIviza: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| - (132) kiyedhA :- isakA artha hotA hai- bahuta dhAraNa karane vAlA, megh| niruktake anusAra 1- kiyedhAH kiyaddhA itivA87 arthAt atyadhika (jala) dhAraNa karane vaalaa|109 isake anusAra isa zabda meM kiyat + dhA dhAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai - kiyat + dhA= kiyedhaa| 2 - kramamANa dhA iti vA87 arthAt kramaNa karate hue dhAraNa karane vaalaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kram + dhA dhAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai- krama + dhA - kiyedhA / prathama nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA = vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / dvitIya nirvacanakA mAtra arthAtmaka mahattva hai | kiyedhAkA AcArya skanda indra vizeSaNa mAnate haiN| 990 laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga ukta arthameM prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| 371 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (133) mRmi :- isakA artha hotA hai bhrmnnshiil| niruktake anusAra- bhRmi: bhrAmyate:87 arthAt isa zabdameM bhram bhramaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA bhramaNa karane vAlA yA bhramaNa karAne vaalaa| veda meM yaha agni ke lie prayukta huA hai jo agnikA vizeSaNa hai|111 isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhram bhramaNe dhAtuse in pratyaya kara bhRmiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| pRSodarAditvAt bhRmiH| (134) viSpita :- isakA artha hotA hai- vistiirnn| niruktake anusAra viSpito viprAptaH87 arthAt vividha praapt|112 isake anusAra isa zabda meM vi + pitaH zabda khaNDa hai, pitaH prAptaHkA vAcaka hai| vi +pA +iN gatau dhAtukA yoga mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise apUrNa hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| (135) turIpam :- isakA artha hotA hai jalda prApta hone vAlA jl| niruktake anusAra-turIpama tuurnnaapi|87 arthAt yaha zabda tur tvaraNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai| kyoMki yaha zIghra pravAha vAlA hotA hai tur + I p =turIpam yA tvar + Ap-tvarIpam - turiipm| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| atharvavedameM prayukta turIpa zabda navajAta zizukA vAcaka hai|114 grAsamainake anusAra yaha zabda drava yA vIryakA vAcaka hai|113 svAmI brahmamani bhI isakA artha vIrya karate haiN| kyoMki vIrya sampUrNa zarIrameM vyApta rahatA hai|114 durgAcArya isakA artha jala hI mAnate haiN|115 vyAkaraNake anusAra tUrNa+Apa+ka=(pRSodarAditvAt) turIpam zabda banAyAjA sakatA hai| (136) rAspina :- isakA artha hotA hai adhika jala yA adhika-bolane vAlA vktaa| niruktake anusAra rAspino rAspI rapatervA saratervA87 arthAt rAspI zabda rap vyaktAyAM vAcI yA ras zabde dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| jala varSaNake samaya zabda hotA hai tathA vaktA zabda karane vAlA hotA hai| rap-rAspI, es-raaspii| dvitIya nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA .vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| arthAtmaka AdhAra prathama nirvacanakA bhI upayukta hai| ukta arthameM isa zabdakA prayoga saMskRtameM prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (137) Rati :- isakA artha hotA hai- snnaanaa| niruktake anusAra-Rati: 372 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ prasAdhanakarmA87 arthAt yaha zabda RJ alaMkaraNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| RJ alaMkaraNe dhAtu vaidika dhAtu hai R+ tip= Rati| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (138) RjunIti :- yaha sarala nItikA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra Rju zabda bhI RJ dhAtuse hI niSpanna hotA hai|116 isake anusAra isakA artha hogA alaMkRta niiti| Rju+ nIti- Rjuniiti| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaymaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra arja arjane dhAtuse samprasAraNa kara arja-Rz2a +ku pratyaya kara Rja +nIti= RjunIti zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (139) pratadvasU :- isakA artha hotA hai. jisane dhana prApta kara liyA hai| niruktake anusAra pratadvasU prAptavasU87 arthAt prAptaM vasu dhanaM yena saH prApta vsuH| dvivacana meM prApta vasU-pratadvasU prApta- pratada+ vasU = prtdvsuu| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| yaha arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| (140) hinota :- isakA artha hai bhejo, preSita kro| nirukttake anusAra hinota prahiNuta87 arthAt yaha zabda hi gatau vRddhau ca dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| u kA au guNa hokara hinota ho gayA hai| hinuta hinot| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| yaha vaidika prayoga hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (141) zakaTam :- isakA artha hotA hai bailgaadd'ii| niruktake anusAra -1zaMkaTaM zakRditaM bhavati87 arthAt yaha govara se lipta rahatA hai117 isake anusAra isa zabdameM shkRt| itakA yoga hai| zakRt gomayakA vAcaka hai tathA itaH iN gatauke yoga se niSpanna rUpA zakRta+ ita= zak + ita = zakata = shkttm| 2- zanakaistakatIti vA87 arthAt yaha dhIre-dhIre calatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM zanaiH + tak gatau, dhAtukA yoga hai- zanai: +tak = zan +tak = zan+kat (varNaviparyaya)za+kata= shktt| 3. zabdena takanItivA87 arthAt vaha zabdake sAtha calatA hai yA isake calane para zabda hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM zabda + tak dhAtu kA yoga hai- zabda + taka za+ taka -za + kata- (varNa viparyaya) zakata= shNktt| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM 373 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| dvitIya nirvacana gatyAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| tRtIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra zak dhAtuse aT118 pratyaya kara zakaTa zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (142) coSkUyamANa :- isakA artha hotA hai detA huaa| yaha zabda anavagata saMskArakA hai| durgAcAryake anusAra isakA pUrva khaNDa subanta tathA uttara khaNDa tiGanta hai| isameM dhAtu aspaSTa hai| 119 prakaraNake anusAra isakA artha lagAyA jAtA hai - detA huaa| isa zabdameM skUJ dAne dhAtukA yoga mAnA jA sakatA hai| ise nirvacana prakriyA evaM bhASA vijJAnake anusAra apUrNa nirvacana mAnA jaaygaa| skUJ dvitva zAnac kara coSkUyamANaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (143) coSkUyate : - isakA artha hotA hai naSTa kara DAlatA hai| niruktake anusAra coSkUyatezcarkarItavRttam 87 arthAt yaha skUJ dhAtukA yaGanta rUpa hai| yahAM skUJ dhAtu nAza arthameM prayukta hai| isa nirvacanakA dhAtu aspaSTa hai| yahAM dhAtvartha parivartita najara AtA hai| nirvacana prakriyA evaM bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise apUrNa nirvacana mAnA jAyagA skUJ dhAtuse coSkUyate zabda mAnane meM dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hotA hai| yAska ne dvitvakA saMketa spaSTa rUpameM kara diyA hai| (144) sumat :- yaha svayaM kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- sumat svayamityarthaH87 arthAt sumatakA artha svayaM hotA hai| yAskane isa zabdakA nirvacana nahIM kara mAtra artha spaSTa kara diyA hai| nirvacana prakriyA evaM bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nirvacana nahIM mAnA jAyagA / (145) diviSTiSu :- isakA artha hotA hai- svarga kI prApti jina anuSThAnoM se hotI hai unmeN| yaha saptamyanta pada hai| niruktake anusAra- diviSTiSu diva eSaNeSu 87 arthAt diviSTi zabda diva + iS dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai- diva + iS + ktin= divisstti| divaH svargasya iSTiH eSaNam = diviSTi / saptamI bahubacana meM diviSTiSu pada niSpanna hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / (146) sthUra :- yaha atyadhika bahuta kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusArasamAzritamAtro mahAnbhavati87 arthAt kyoMki yaha sabhI ora se mizrita hokara mahAn 1 374 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM zriJ sevAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai- zri-sthi sthuurH| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai! laukika saMskRta meM prApta sthUla zabda ra la kI ekatAke AdhAra para niSpanna hai| (147) aNu :- isakA artha sUkSma hotA hai| niruktake anusAra aNuranu sthavIyAMsam arthAt sthUlakA viparIta anu zabda hI aNu: hai| vaha vRhat kA viparIta hai| anu ke na kA Na hokara aNuH bana gayA hai| upasargo luptanAmakaraNo yathA samprati87 arthAt yaha anu upasarga hai jise saMjJAke rUpameM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai anu + kvip (kvip kA sarvApahArI lopa)-anuAsamprati zabda meM sam evaM prati upasarga hai lekina prati saMjJAke rUpameM prayukta huA hai| samprati meM prati kI vibhakti lupta hai|saamprtm zabdameM pratike nAma pada kI spaSTatA prati lakSita ho jAtI hai sam+prati-samprati+aN =saamprtm| yAskane aNuH zabdakA bhI nirvacana nahIM kiyaa| mAtra usake svarUpa evaM arthakI ora saMketa kiyA hai| laukika saMskRtameM aNuH zabda sUkSmakA vAcaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra aNu zabde dhAtuse u:pratyaya kara aNuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|120yaaskkii aNuH zabdakI vyAkhyAse patA calatA hai ki pratyeka upasarga saMjJAke hI avaziSTa rUpa hai| (148) kulaMga :- yaha eka rAjAkA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra kurUMgo rAjA babhUvA kurUgamanAdvA87 arthAt kurUMga nAma kurU gamanake kAraNa par3A kyoMki isane kurU rAjAoM para car3hAI kI thii| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kurU + gam dhAtukA yoga . hai| 2- kulagamanAdvA87 arthAt yaha zatrukuloM para AkramaNa karaneke kAraNa kurUMga khlaayaa| isake anusAra isa zabda meM kula + gam dhAtukA yoga hai kula +gam- kuluMgakuraMga (la kA ra varNa privrtn)| donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| kurUMga zabdakA nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| (149) kurU :- isakA artha hotA hai naSTa karane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra kurU: kRntate:87 arthAt yaha zabda kRtI chedane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai-kRt kura- R kA u meM vikAsa kuruu| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| R kA u dhvanimeM vikAsa anya zabdoM meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai- kRta kuTa121 kRnt se kutsa122 aadi| kurU: zabdakA nirvacana bhI aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| kAlAntarameM yaha pradeza vizeSakA vAcaka ho gayA hai| 375:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vyAkaraNake anusAra kR + ka +u: pratyaya kara kurU: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (150) krUram :- isakA artha hai-paapii| niruktake anusAra krUra zabda bhI kRtI chedane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai- krUramityapyasya bhavati87 kRt-kruurm| isameM R kA Udhvani meM vikAsa mAnA jaaygaa| isa nirvacana meM dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra bhI isakA saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra kRtI chedane dhAtu kA krU Adeza +rak pratyaya kara krUra: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|123 (151) kulam :- isakA artha vaMza hotA hai| nirukta ke anusAra kulaM kuSNAte : vikuSitaM bhavati87 arthAt yaha zabda kuS niSkarSe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha vistIrNa hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra kula dhAtuse a pratyaya kara ise siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kula saMstyAne dhAtuse kaH pratyaya kara kulam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|124 (152) jinvati :- isakA artha hotA hai- prIti karatA hai| niruktake anusArajinvatiH prItikarmA87 arthAt yaha zabda prINanArthaka jivi dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| yAska yahAM ghAtvartha ko spaSTa karanA hI apanA abhISTa mAnate haiN| (153) amatra :- isakI vyAkhyA pUrva meM kI jA cukI hai| paMcama adhyAya isake lie draSTavya hai| SaSTha adhyAyake paMcama pAdameM bhI amatrakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai| isakA artha mahAna hotA hai- amatro'mAtro mahAna bhavatyabhyamitovA125 arthAt amAtra mAtrAse rahita ko kahA jAtA hai jo mahAn hotA hai| vaha kisIse parAbhUta nahIM hotaa|: paMcama adhyayameM amatrakA artha pAtra kiyA gayA hai| pAtra arthakI abhivyaktike lie vahAM isakA nirvacana bhI karate haiM jo mahAn ke artha meM kie gae nirvacana se bhinna hai| amA asminnadanti arthAt aparimita isapAtra meM khAte hai| isake anusAra amA+ ad bhakSaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| mahAn ke arthameM kie gae nirvacanake anusAra abhi + miJ dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaaygaa| pAtrake arthameM amatra kA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| zeSa kA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| 376:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (154) RcIsama :- isakA artha hotA hai- RcAoMke smaan| nirukttake anusAra RcIsama: RcAsama:135 arthAt arc arcane dhAtuse varNa parivartana evaM samprasAraNake dvArA Rk (arcanAmRka) RcAsamaH RciismH| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (155) anarzarAtim :- isakA artha hotA hai uttamadAna dene vAlA, jisakA dAna pavitra ho| niruktake anusAra- anarzarAtim anazlIladAnam125 arthAt anarzarAtim zabdameM do padakhaNDa haiN| anarza anazlIla kA vAcaka hai tathA uttara padastha rAtim zabda hai, jisakA artha hotA hai daan| naJ- ana + arza +rAtim= anarzarAtim isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (156) azlIlam :- isakA artha hotA hai- pApa, ashobhn| niruktake anusAra azlIlaM pApakamazrImadviSamam125 arthAt azlIla pApakA vAcaka hai tathA azrImad hI azlIla hai| azrImat arthAt jo zrImat nahIM hai| phalata: vaha azlIla viSama hai yA kaSTadAyaka hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM naJ kA a +zrI + la = azrIla = azlIla hai| durgAcArya bhI zriyaM lakSmI rAtIti zrIram tanna bhavatIti ashriirm| ralayoraikyAt azlIlam, mAnate haiN|126 arthAt zrI se yukta ko zrIra tathA usake abhAva ko azrIra kahA jAtA hai| ra la kI ekatA se hI azrIra zabda azlIla bana gayA hai| a - zrI + ra = azrIra- ashliil| laukika saMskRtameM azlIla grAmya arthAt lajjAjanaka vacanako kahA jAtA hai jo azrIra kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| ra dhvani hI la meM vikasita huI hai isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| niruktake kucha saMskaraNoMmeM azrimat viSamam kahA gayA hai|127 isake anusAra azri + mat kA yoga isameM mAnA jAyagA arthAt grahaNa nahIM karane yogya kaary| zri sevAyAm dhAtu se na-a+ zri = azrimat = azrimat - ashliilm| yAskane yahAM matup ke arthameM hI ra pratyaya kiyA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra na + zriyaM lAti na +zrI lA + ka pratyaya kara azlIlaH zabda banAyA jaaygaa|128 (157)anarvA:- yaha svataMtrakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- anarvA'pratyU to'nyasmin125 arthAt jo dUsaroM para Azrita na ho| isake anusAra isa zabdameM nam- an + R gatau + vanip pratyaya kA yoga hai| R- ar- an + ar + van = 377:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anarvan = anrvaa| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (158) mandrajihvam :- isakA artha hotA hai- madhurabhASI yA madhura jihvA vaalaa| niruktameM ise -mandrajirjA mandana jihaM modamAnajihamiti vaa|125 arthAt mandra jihvA zabda mandanajiha se banA hai yA modamAna jiha se| prathama nirvacanake anusAra madse mand zabda mAnA gayA hai| mad dhAtu harSa aura stuti donoM arthoM meM prayukta hai| isa AdhAra para isakA artha hogA jisakI jihvA prasanna rahatI ho yA stuti karane vAlI ho| dvitIya nirvacanake anusAra mud dhAtukA yoga hai jisakA artha hotA hai Anandita honaa| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA! dvitIya nirvacana meM svaragata audAsinya hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra mad+rak kara mandra zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha sAmAsika zabda hai| mandanA jihvA yasya tam mndrjihm| (159) asAmi :- isakA artha hotA hai- annt| nirukttake anusAra-asAmi sAmi pratiSiddhama125 arthAt yaha zabda sAmikA viparIta hai| isake anusAra isameM na- asAmi hai| sAmi antakA vAcaka hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (160) sAmi :- isakA artha hotA hai. anta karanA, aadhaa| niruktake anusAra- sAmi syate:125 arthAt yaha zabda So'ntakarmaNi dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| kiMcit dhvanyantara ke sAtha bhAropIya mASA kI laiTina bhASA meM Semi zabda prApta hotA hai jisakA artha hai aadhaa| saMskRta ke sAmi bhI ardhakA hI vAcaka hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (161) galdayA:- yaha dhamanIkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-galda dhamanayo bhvnti| galanamAsu dhIyate125 arthAt isameM galana rasa (annAdi ke rasa) skhe jAte haiN|at: dhamanIko galdA kahA jAtA hai|dhmniyoNse raktapravAhita hotA hai|iske anusAra isa zabdameM gal+ dhA =galdhA -galdA tRtIyA ekavacana meM galdayA hai|iskaa dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai|gl + dhAgaldhAke dha varNakA da meM parivartana hokara galdA zabda banA hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| DA. 378:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ lakSmaNa svarUpa isakA artha karate haiM. sompaatr|129 soma pAtra meM artha sAdRzya hai kyoMki isameM somarasa nicor3akara rakhe jAte haiN| ata: yaha artha bhI saMbhava hai| durgAcArya isakA artha dhamanI hI karate haiN| vedoM meM evaM zrauta sUtroMmeM galdAkA prayoga dhamanIke arthameM hI huA hai|130 (162) jalhava :- isakA artha hotA hai jvalana rhit| niruktake anusAra jalhava : jvalanena hIna:125 arthAt yaha zabda jval + hA parityAge dhAtuke yogese niSpanna haA hai| isa nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra se yaha yukta hai| laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga ukta arthameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| durgAcArya ne isakA artha kiyA hai- ajvanazIlA: anAhitAgnayo vaa| (163) bakura :- yaha bhAskara, bhayaMkara tathA bhAsamAna gati vAlAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra bakuro bhAskaro bhayaMkaro bhAsamAno dravatIti vA125 arthAt bakura zabda bhAskara se banA hai- bhAskara-bhakara-bakara (varNa lopa varNa parivartana Adi) yA yaha zabda bhayaMkara se niHsRta hai bhayaMkara-bhaMkara-bhaMkura-bakuraH yA yaha zabda bhAs + dru gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai-mAs +p = bhAdura - bhaakur-bkurH| sabhI nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra kisI bhI nirvacanakA pUrNa saMgata nahI hai| laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga ukta arthameM prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| vedoMmeM isa zabdakA prayoga jyoti evaM jalake rUpameM dekhA jAtA hai|131 (164) vRka :- isakA artha hotA hai hl| niruktake anusAra-vRko vikartanAt125 arthAt vaha jamIna ko ukhAr3atA hai isalie vRka kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra vRka zabdameM vi + kRt dhAtukA yoga hai| kRt kA artha hotA hai kaattnaa| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| yaha zabda anekArthaka hai| isakA nirvacana anya arthoM meM pUrva bhI ho cukA hai| kutte evaM bher3iye ko bhI vRk kahA jAtA hai| kATaneke guNa donoMmeM hI vidyamAna haiN| (165) lAMgalam :- isakA artha hotA hai-halA niruktake anusAra 1- lAMgalaM laMgate:125 arthAt yaha zabda lag gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isase kheta jotA jAtA hai| yA khetameM yaha gatimAna hotA hai|r-laaNglvdvaa125arthaat yaha pUMcha ke aisA hotA hai isalie ise lAMgala kahA jAtA hai|prthm nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukthai|bhaassaa vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgatamAnA jaaygaa|dvitiiy 379:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nirvacana sAdRzyake AdhAra para niSpanna huA hai|vyaakrnnke anusAra lagi gatau +kalac pratyaya kara lAMgala: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha zabda ukta arthameM laukika saMskRtameM bhI prayukta hotA hai|132 yAskake samayameM bhI hala lAMgalAkRti rahatA hogaa| (166) lAMgUlam :- yaha pUMcha kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra 1- lAMgUlaM lagate:125 arthAt yaha zabda lagi gatau saMge ca dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki pUMcha gatizIla hotI hai| yA zarIra se lagI hotI hai| 2- laMgate: arthAt yaha zabda laMga gatau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| isakA artha bhI prathama nirvacana ke samAna hI hogaa| 3. lamvatervA125 arthAt yaha zabda lamba avasaMstrane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki pUMcha laTakI rahatI hai yA lambI hotI hai| prathama evaM dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| antima nirvacanakA AdhAra dRzyAtmaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI lagi gatau dhAtu se Urac+aN pratyaya kara lAMgUlam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|133 (167) bekanATA :- isakA artha hotA hai- suudkhor| niruktake anusAra 1bekanATA: khalu kusIdino bhavanti dviguNa kAriNo vA125 arthAt vekanATA sUda para jIvana nirvAha karane vAle ko kahA jAtA hai kyoMki vaha apane dhana ko dugunA karane vAlA hotA hai- dvi +guNa-dveguNa- vegana = vekana + DATan = beknaattaa| 2- dviguNadAyino vA125 arthAt vaha dugune sUda para rupaye lagAne vAlA hotA hai| isameM bhI dviguNa-veguna vekn-veknaattaa| 3- dviguNaM kAmayanta iti vA125 arthAt vaha apane dhana se dugune kI kAmanA karatA hai| isameM bhI dviguNa se vekana vekanATA hai| yAska kA yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| yAska ne vekanATA zabdake arthako spaSTa karaneke lie hI aneka saMbhAvanAeM vyaktakI hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ve+ eka +nAT ac pratyaya kara vekanATA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (168) matsyAH :- isakA artha hotA hai. mchliyaaN| niruktake anusAra madhau udake syandante125 arthAt yaha jalameM vicaraNa karatI hai| isa zabdameM madhu+syand prastravaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| madhu jalakA vAcaka hai| jalameM vicaraNa karaneke kAraNa matsya kahalAtI hai| 2. mAdyante anyonyaM bhakSaNAya itivA125 ye machaliyAM eka dUsare ke bhakSaNa ke lie prasanna hotI hai|134 bar3I machalI choTI machalI ko khA jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM mad+bhas +dhAtukA yoga hai- mad+bhas + ya=matsyaH / prathama 380:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra mad + syan = matsyaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|135 / (169) abhidhetana :- isakA artha hotA hai hamArI ora tejI se aao| niruktameM- abhidhetana- zabda abhidhAvata kahakara spaSTa kiyA gayA hai|125 isake anusAra abhidhetana zabdameM abhi+ dhAva dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| arthAtmaka saMgati hI isa nirvacanakA prayojana hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| (170) jAlam :- yaha pAza (jAla) machalI Adi pakar3ane ke phandA kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- 1- jAlaM jalacaraM bhavati125 arthAt yaha jalameM calane vAlA hotA hai| jala sthita machaliyoMko pakar3aneke lie jalameM DAla diyA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM jala + caraNArtha meM aN kA yoga hai| 2- jalebhavaM vA125 arthAt yaha jalameM hotA hai yA jala meM rahatA hai| isake anusAra isameM jalana honA arthameM aN jAlam hai 3- jalezayaM vA125 arthAt yaha jalameM zayana karane vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM jala +zayana arthameM aN pratyaya kA yoga hai| ina nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra jala saMvaraNe dhAtuse karaNe ghaJ pratyaya kara yA jal dhAtuse aN pratyaya kara jAlam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|136 (171) aMhura :- isakA artha hotA hai- paapii| niruktake anusAra-aMhuraH ahaMsvAna ahUMraNamityapyasya bhavati125 arthAt aMhura kA aMhasvAna evaM aMhUraNa paryAya hai| isa zabdameM ra matvIya pratyaya hai| aMha + ra = aNhrH| sAtamaryAdAoM meM eka ko bhI prApta karanA aMhura kahalAtA hai137 arthAt sAta maryAdAoMmeM eka ko bhI prApta karane vAlA pApI kahalAtA hai| ve sapta maryAdAyeM haiM corI, parastrI gamana, brahmahatyA, bhrUNa hatyA, surApAna, duSkRta karma ko punaH punaH karanA tathA pApa kara use chipAne ke lie jhUTha bolnaa|138 yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ahi| urac pratyaya kara aMhara zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (172) bata:-yaha eka nipAta hai jo kheda evaM anukampAke artha meM prayukta hotA 381:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai| niruktake anusAra-bata iti nipAtaH khedAnukampayo: bato balAdatIto bhvti|125 arthAt vata: kA artha hotA hai bala se rhit| valAdatItaH se vata: mAnA gayA hai jo arthAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata nahIM hai| kheda Adi ke arthameM yaha nipAta laukika saMskRtameM bhI prayukta hotA hai|139 yAska ne bata ko nipAta mAnA hai tathA saMjJAke arthameM bhI isakA nirvacana kiyA hai| bala se rahita bata: yamake vizeSaNake rUpa meM prayukta hai|140 vahI bala nipAta ke rUpa meM bhI prayukta . hai jo kheda kA sUcaka hai| kucha saMskaraNameM balAtIta se bhI vata: zabda mAnA gayA hai| balakA AdyakSara va tathA atItakA antima akSara ta milakara lagatA hai vata ho gayA hai| (173) libujA :- yaha latAkA vAcaka hai jo kAphI lataratI hai tathA vRkSoM para car3ha jAtI hai yA vRkSoM se sampRkta rahatI hai| niruktake anusAra-lijubA vrttirbhvti| lIyate vibhajantItivA125 arthAt libujA bratati kA paryAya hai kyoMki vaha vRkSa meM lIna ho jAtI hai, vRkSa se lipaTa jAtI hai yA vRkSa kI sevA karatI hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM lI+ vi +bhaj sevAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai. lI +vi + bhaj = livijA- livujaa| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| isa nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka zaithilya hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (174) vratati :- isakA artha latA hotA hai| niruktake anusAra - vratatirvaraNAcca sayanAcca tananAcca125 arthAt yaha vRkSako varaNa karatI hai, aura vRkSako bAMdha letI hai tathA vRkSa para phailI rahatI hai| ataH vratati kahalAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vR AvaraNe si vandhane tathA tana vistAre dhAtukA yoga hai| yAska ne isa zabdameM tInoM dhAtuoMkA yoga mAnA hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra para si bandhane dhAtu kA yoga pUrNa rUpameM aspaSTa hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra se yaha nirvacana yukta hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra para vR dhAtu yA tan dhAtuse isakA nirvacana mAnA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vrat + tati: kara vratatiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (175) vAtApyam :- yaha udakakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra vAtApyamudakaM bhvti| vAta etadApyAyati125 arthAt vAyu ise zItala karatI hai, bar3hAtI hai, ApyAyita karatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vAta + pya vRddhau dhAtukA yoga hai| vAta + A+pya = vaataapym| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaegaa| 382:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (176) cAkan :- isakA artha hotA hai dekhatA huA, cAhatA huaa| niruktake anusAra-cAkan tAyanniti vA kAmayamAna itivA125 arthAt yaha zabda icchArthaka caka dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai- cak + zatR = ckn-caakn| cAkan ke ka kA ya karake cAyan banAyA jAtA hai| yaha cAkan kA paryAya hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| isa nirvacana meM dhAtu spaSTa nahIM hai| mAtra isakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| nirvacana prakriyA yA bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa nirvacana nahIM mAnA jaaygaa|| (177) vAya :- yaha pakSI zAvakakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-vAyo ve putra:125 arthAt vAya: vi ke putra ko kahA jAtA hai isake anusAra vi+ aNa se vAya: zabda niSpanna hotA hai| yAska isa avasara para AcArya zAkalyakA mata uddhRta karate haiM- veti ca ya iti ca cakAra zAkalya:125 arthAt zAkalya ne vA evaM ya: ko alagaalaga kiyA hai| yAskake anusAra yaha upayukta nahIM hai| yAskakA kahanA hai-udAttaM tvevmaakhyaatmbhvissyt| asusamAptazcArtha:125 arthAt vAyaH ko alaga-alaga padaccheda karane para (R.10|29|1,athrv. 207 / 76 / 1)141 AkhyAta pada udAtta ho jAyagA tathA udAtta karane para mantrArtha kI saMgati upayukta nahIM hogii| nirvacanake anusAra yAskakA veH putraH vAya: sarvathA saMgata hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| AcArya zAkalya padapAThakAra haiN| inhoMne vAyaH kA padaviccheda upayukta nahIM kiyA hai yA vA yaH karanA azuddha pada viccheda hai| (178) stharyati :- isakA artha hotA hai. ratha kI kAmanA karane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra-stharyati iti siddhastatprepsuH rathaM kAmayata iti vA125 arthAt stharyati kA artha hai- stha cAhane vAlA yA ratha kI kAmanA karane vaalaa| isake anusAra stha+ hath prepsA karmA dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai- sthaM haryatIti sthryti|142 ratha kI kAmanA karane vAlA ke arthameM -rathamAtmana: kAmayate iti143 sthIyati- stharyati mAnA jaaygaa| yaha nirvacana pUrNa spaSTa nahIM hai| isa nirvacana kA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| (179) asakrAm :- isakA artha hotA hai asNkrmnniiy| niruktake anusAra asakrAm asaMkramaNIm125 arthAt saMkramaNa nahIM karane vAlA asakrAma kahalAtA hai| yAskane isakA mAtra artha nirdeza kiyA hai| nirvacana prakriyA evaM bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| isakA mAtra arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra 383:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (naJ) a + kram + Da- asakrAma zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (180) Adhava:- isakA artha hotA hai kaMpA dene vaalaa| nirukta ke anusAra Adhava aadhvnaat|125arthaat yaha zabda A+ dhUJ kampane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| AdhAvana kriyA ke kAraNa hI Adhava : kahA jAtA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga ukta arthameM prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| vyAkaraNake anusAra A +dhuJ +ap pratyaya kara Adhava : zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (181) anavabrava :- isakA artha hotA hai nirdoSa vacana vaalaa| niruktake anusAra anavavravo'navakSiptavacana:144 arthAt anavakSipta bacanavAlA, sArthaka bacana vaalaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM naJ-an+ava + bU+ ap pratyayakA yoga hai| yAskane isa zabdakA artha mAtra hI saMketa kiyA hai| ata: isa nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| nirvacana prakriyA evaM bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nirvacana nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| (182) sadAnve :- yaha sambodhana pada hai| isakA artha hotA hai. zabda karane vaalii| niruktake anusAra- sadAnve sadAnonuve zabdakArike144 arthAt yaha zabda sadA + na zabde dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai- sadA + van = sadAnva + TAp = sadAnvA, sambodhana meM sdaanve| isakA artha hogaa| sadA zabda karane vaalii| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (183) ziriMbiTha :- yaha meghakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra ziriviTho meghH| zIryate bitthe|144 arthAta biThakA artha antarikSa hotA hai antarikSa meM hanana hone vAlA ziribiTha khlaaygaa| isake anusAra isa zabda meM zR hiMsAyAm dhAtuse ziri+ viThaH= ziri biThaH hai| ziriH biThe yasya sa shiribitthH| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zirimbiTha bhAradvAjakA bhI nAma hai- zirimbiTho bhAradvAjaH isakA AdhAra aitihAsika mAnA jaaygaa| bhAradvAja aitihAsika rAjA haiN| yA (atyadhika anna dhAraNa karane vAlA bhI bhAradvAja kahalAtA hai|) (184) kANa :- yaha ekAkSakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra kANo'vikrAnta darzana ityaupamanyava:144 arthAt yAskane AcArya aupamanyavakA etatsambandhI vicAra prathamataH upasthita kiyA hai| AcArya aupamanvake anusAra avikrAntadarzI yA vikRtalocana 384:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vAlA kANa kahalAtA hai| kANo'vikrAntadarzana : 144 ke do padaviccheda kie jA sakate haiM- 1- avikrAnta darzana :- avikrAntamapagataM darzanaM yasya saH avikrAnta darzanaH arthAt jise kama dikhalAI par3atA hai| 2- vikrAntadarzana:- vikrAntaM vigataM darzanaM yasyasaH vikrAnta darzana: arthAt jisakA eka netra nahIM hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kram dhAtukA yoga hai- kram + ghaJ = krAmaH kANaH / yAska svayaM bhI isake lie nirvacana prastuta karate haiM- kaNaitervAsyAdaNU bhAvakarmaNa: : 144 arthAt yaha zabda alpArthaka kaN dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai- kaN +ghaJ = kANa: / mAtrANUbhAvAtkaNaH, darzanANUbhAvAtkANa:144 arthAt mAtrAke aNubhAva, svalpa bhAva ko kaNa kahA jAtA hai tathA darzana zaktikI alpatAse kANa kahalAtA hai| yAskakA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| yaha AkhyAtaMja evaM sAdRzya siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA, AcArya aupamanyava kA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra se yukta nahIM hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| yAskakA nirvacana aupamanyavake nirvacanakI apekSA adhika bhASA vaijJAnika hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kaN dhAtuse ghaJ pratyaya kara kANa: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (185) vikaTa :- isakA artha hotA hai vikRta cAla / yAska prathamataH AcArya aupamanyavake nirvacana ko upasthApita karate haiN| aupamanyavake anusAra-vikaTaH vikrAntagatirityaupamanyava: 144 arthAt vikrAnta gati vAlA vikaTa kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vi + kram dhAtukA yoga hai vi + kram = vikaTaH / isa nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmakatA kA abhAva hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA saMgata hai| yAska ke anusArakuTatervAsyAt viparItasya vikuTito bhavati 144 arthAt yaha zabda vi + kuTa kauTilye dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai- vi + kuT = vikuTa vikaTaH kyoMki yaha vikuTita hotA hai kucha kuTila hotA hai| 145 yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / yAskakA nirvacana aupamanyavake nirvacanakI apekSA adhika bhASA vaijJAnika hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra vi + kaT + ac pratyaya kara vikaTa : zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (186) parAzara :- yaha eka RSikA nAma hai| zabdArthake anusAra ise anekArthaka kahA jA sakatA hai| niruktake anusAra 1- parAzaraH parAzIrNasya vaziSTasya sthavirasya jjnye|144 arthAt durguNoMke nAzaka evaM vRddhavaziSTa RSi se utpanna parAzara kahalAtA 385 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai| isake anusAra parAzaraH zabda meM para+ A + zR hiMsAyAm dhAtukA yoga hai| indrako parAzara kahA jAtA hai- 2- parAzAtayitA yAtUnAm 144 arthAt jo rAkSasoMko samana karane vAlA, mArane vAlA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM para + A + zad zAtane dhAtukA yoga hai| indrake artha meM parAzarakA nirvacana karma para AdhArita hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| yaha aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise prathama nirvacana adhika saMgata hai| dvitIya nirvacana kA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI para + A + zR+ ac pratyaya kara parAzaraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (187) krivirdatI :- isakA artha hotA hai kATane vAle dAMtoM se yukta / niruktake anusAra krivirdatI vikartanadantI 144 arthAt kRt - krivi + danta= krivirdatI zabda mAnA jaaygaa| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM haiN| isakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jAyagA / laukika saMskRtameM isa zabdakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (188) karUlatI :- isakA artha hotA hai kaTe hue dAMtoM vaalaa| niruktake anusAra karUlatI kRntadatI 144 arthAt kRttadatI zabda hI karUlatI ho gayA hai- kRtkarU+ datI-latI kruultii| da varNa kA la meM parivartana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| isa nirvacana kA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jAyagA / prakRta 146 meM karUlatI bhaga: kA vizeSaNa hai kucha loga ise svIkAra karate haiM tathA kucha loga ise pUSA kA vizeSaNa mAnate haiN| brAhmaNa granthameM pUSAko adantaka kahA gayA hai / 147 = (189) vAmam :- isakA artha hotA iSTa sevanIya / niruktake anusAra vAmaM vananIyaM bhavati144 arthAt yaha zabda van sevAyAM sabhaktau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha sevanIya, yA bhajanIya hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra Tuvam udgiraNe dhAtuse ghaJ pratyaya kara vAma zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 148 (190) Aduri :- isakA artha hotA hai Adara karane vaalaa| / niruktake anusAra AduriH AdaraNAt144 arthAt yaha zabda A + dR vidAraNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| yahAM R kA u varNameM parivartana ho gayA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka 386 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (191) dana :- isakA artha hotA hai dAnazIla mnvaalaa| niruktake anusAradanaH dAnamanasa:144 arthAt dAnamanasaH kA hI saMkSipta rUpa danaH hai| dAna kA da tathA manasaH se na lekara danaH mAnA gayA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| isameM arthAtmakatA upayukta hai| ukta arthameM isa zabdakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (192) zarArU :- isakA artha hotA hai mArane kI icchA rakhane vaalaa| nirukta ke anusAra-zarAru: saMzizariSu:144 arthAt hiNskaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM zR hiMsAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai| yAskane isa zabdakA mAtra artha hI pratipAdita kiyA hai| nirvacana prakriyA evaM bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nirvacana nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| ukta arthameM isakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (193) idaMyuH- isakA artha hotA hai isakI abhilASA karane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra-idaMyuH idaM kAmayamAna:144 arthAt isakI icchA karane vaalaa|athaapi tadvadarthe bhASyate idam zabdase icchArthaka yu pratyaya lagA kara idam + yuH idaMyuH zabda banatA hai| yu pratyayase niSpanna anya zabda bhI niruktameM prApta hote haiN| adhvaryu:149 vasUyuH150 Adi zabda yu pratyayake yogase hI niSpanna hai| yu matvarthIya pratyaya haiN| isa prakAra isakA artha hogA idNvaan| matvarthIya yu pratyayake anya udAharaNa Rgveda meM bhI dekhe jA sakate haiM- azvayurgavyUradharyuvasUyuH151 isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| yAskane idaMyu zabdameM yuH do arthoM meM mAnA hai- 1- kAmayamAna tathA 2. tadvAn yu pratyaya kAlAntara meM tadvAn arthameM hI sImita ho gayA hai| pANini ne tadvAn ke arthameM hI yuH kA vidhAna kiyA hai|152 isase spaSTa patA calatA hai ki isa pratyaya meM arthasaMkoca huA hai| (194) kIkaTA :- yaha eka pradeza vizeSakA vAcaka hai| niruktameM ise anArya nivAsa kA deza kahA gayA hai- kIkaTo nAma dezo'nArya nivAsa:144 isa nirvacana meM yAska kA kahanA hai-1- kIkaTAH kiM kRtA:144 arthAt yahAM ke nivAsI kutsita karma karane vAle haiM yA dharmAdi kArya kisalie hai aisA prazna karate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kim + kRtA:kA yoga hai -kim +kRtA: kiikttaaH|2-kiN kriyAbhiriti prepsA vA arthAt uttama kriyAoM se kyA lAbha aisI jinakI prepsA(mAnyatA hai usa deza vizeSa ko 387 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kIkaTa kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kiM + kriyA= kIkara-kIkaTa mAnA jA sakatA hai| vaidika dharmase rahita nAstika pradeza kIkaTa ke nAma se abhihita thaa| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacanameM kiMcit dhvanyAtmaka zaithilya hai| arthAtmakatA se samanvita ye nirvacana usa deza kI saMskRti ke sUcaka haiN|153 vyAkaraNake anusAra kI + kaT +ac pratyaya kara kIkaTa zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| kIkaTa zabdakA prayoga ukta arthoM meM Rgveda meM prApta hotA hai kiM te kRNvanti kIkaTeSu gAvo nAziraM duhe na tapanti dhrmm| Ano bhara pramagandasya vedo naicAzAkhaM maghavanndha yaanH|154 yAska kA yaha nirvacana ukta sthAna kI bhaugolika evaM sAMskRtika sthiti ko spaSTa karatA hai| isa nirvacanase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki isa pradeza meM yAskake samaya meM vaidika dharma kA prasAra nagaNya thaa| (195) maganda:- yaha sUdakhorakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-magandaH kusiidii| mAmAgamiSyatIti ca dadAti144 arthAt maganda sUdake dhana khAne vAlekA paryAya hai kyoMki vaha sUdapara apanA dhana detA hai| mujhe adhika dhana prApta hogA isalie dhana dene vAlA maganda kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM mAm + gam + dA dhAtukA yoga hai. mAm + gam + dA = mgnd| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra magaM pApaM dadAti-maga +dA + Da pratyaya kara magandaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (196) paNDaka :- yaha napuMsakakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra paNDakaH paNDagaH prArdakovA prArdayatyANDau144 arthAt paNDagako paNDaka kahA jAtA hai| purupendriyakI ora jAne vAlA paNDaga kahalAtA hai| paNDaka hI paNDaga hai isake anusAra paNDa+ gam .paNDagaH= pnnddkH| paNDa puruSendriya kA vAcaka hai| prArdaka se bhI paNDaka mAnA gayA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA aNDa ko pIr3ita karane vAlA vaha aNDakoSoM ko pIDita karatA hai isa zabda meM pra-+ ada+ aNDakaH kA yoga hai- pra + arda +aNDaka * pra + aNDaka pnnddkH| aNDo ANIva vrIDayati tastambhe144 arthAta vaha aNDakoSoM ko ratha ke aNi (cakradaNDa) kI taraha stambhita kie rahatA hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA! zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| 388:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (197) ANi :- isakA artha hotA hai- ratha ckrdnndd| niruktake anusAra ANi : araNAt144 arthAt yaha zabda ar gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha gamana karatA hai yA gatizIla hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra aN dhAtuse iNa pratyaya kara ANi: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (198) zAkhA :- yaha avayava, DAla AdikA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra zAkhA zaknote:144 arthAt yaha zabda zak zaktau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| per3akI zAkhA evaM vyaktikI zAkhAmeM sAdRzyakA AdhAra hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha -zAha ac TApa kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (199) bunda :- isakA artha hotA hai vaann| niruktake anusAra bundaH issurbhvti| bundo vA bhindo vA144 arthAt yaha zabda bhid vidAraNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai bhid + ghaJ bhindaH-bundaH kyoMki yaha medana karatA hai| 2- bhayado vA arthAt yaha vANa bhaya dene vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra bhayada zabda hI bunda bana gayA hai- bhydbund| 3- bhAsamAno dravatItivA arthAt isameM bhAs + dru gatau dhAtukA yoga hai bhAs + dru-bundaH kyoMki yaha camakatA huA gati karatA hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase adhika saMgata hai| zeSake arthAtmaka mahattva haiN| bha varNa kA ba meM parivartana alpa prANIkaraNa hai| (200) RdUpe :- isake aneka artha hote hai- niruktake anusAra 1. RdUpe ardana- yAtinau144 arthAt gatike sAtha zatruoM ko mArane vaale| isake anusAra isa zabdameM gatau+ pat dhAtukA yoga hai| 2. gamana pAtinau arthAt gamanapUrvaka mAra girAne vaale| 3- zabda pAtinau arthAt zabdase hI mAra girAne vaale| 4. dUrapAtinauvA arthAt dUrase mAra girAne vaale| 5- marmaNyardana vedhinau arthAt marmasthala ko gatipUrvaka bhedana karane vaale| 6- gamanavedhinI144 arthAt gamanapUrvaka bhedana karane vaale| yAskakA prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| (201) vRndam :- isakI vyAkhyA bunda zabda se hI mAnI gayI hai| (202) ki :- isakA artha hotA hai krtaa| niruktake anusAra kiH kartA144 389 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yAska ne isakA mAtra artha spaSTa kiyA hai| bhASA vijJAna evaM nirvacana prakriyA ke anusAra ise saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| kR dhAtu se in pratyaya kara R lopa kara ki: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (203) ulvam :- yaha garbhAvaraNa jarAyukA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra ulvamUrNotertRNote1i44 arthAt yaha urNa AcchAdane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai yA vRJ AcchAdane dhAtuke yogase banatA hai| urguny-ulvm| vRJ se ulvam meM va kA u samprasAraNa se huA hai tathA ra kA la ho gayA hai| kyoMki yaha garbha ko AcchAdita kie rakhatA hai| donoM nirvacanoM kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra uc samavAye dhAtuse van pratyaya kara ulvam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai (casya la:)155 (204) RbIsam :- isakA artha hotA hai pRthvii| niruktake anusAra 1. RvIsam apgtbhaasm| arthAt jisakA prakAza samApta ho cukA hai| 2. apahRta bhaasm| arthAt jisakA prakAza apahRta hai| 3- antarhita bhAsaM vA arthAt antarhita prakAza vaalaa| 4- gatabhAsam vA144 arthAt jisameM prakAza samApta hai| prathama nirvacana meM R+ bhA dhAtukA , dvitIyameM hR + bhA kA , tRtIya meM antaH+ dhAna bhA kA , caturtha meM R+ bhA kA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana R+ bhAsam= RbIsam dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se adhika saMgata hai| zeSa nirvacanoM meM dhvanyAtmaka zaithilya hai| arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra * R varjane dhAtu + bhAsa+ ac pratyaya kara RvIsam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (205) gaNa :- yaha samUhakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-gaNo gaNanAta144 arthAt yaha zabda gaNa saMkhyAne dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isakI ginatI hai yA isakA gaNana hotA hai|156 guNa zabda bhI isI gaNa saMkhyAne dhAtu ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai| guNazca guNakI bhI gaNanA hotI hai ataH gaNa dhAtu se banA hai|144 yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra gaNa saMkhyAne dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara gaNa: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| * : sandarbha saMketa :1. ni. 6 / 1, 2. ni.du.vR. 6 / 1, 3. igupaghAt kit- 4 / 120, 4. pacAdyac 390:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ . aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 5. ama. ko. 3 / 3 / 216, 6. sarvadhAtubhyaH in- uNA. 4 117, 7. uNA. 4 / 189, 8. pacAdyac - aSTA 3 / 1 / 134, 9. ni. mI. pR. 65 (dra.), 10. pacAdyac -aSTA . 3 / 1 / 134, 11. goSTAdhvanivahA vrajA: ama. ko. 3 / 3 / 30, 12. R. 6 / 24 / 3, 10 / 42 / 7 ni. 12514, 13. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 94, 14. madhurodako megho'bhidheyaH ni. du.vR. 6 / 1, 15. ni. 34, 16. ni. 211, 17. ni. 211, 18. aSTA 3 / 2 / 178, 19. aSTA. 6 / 3 / 136, 20. niH zlathayA dRr3hayA gatyA haranta ityartha: ni. du.vR. 6 / 1, 21. vIjyAjvaribhyo ni :- uNA. 4 / 48, 22. ni. 6 / 2, 23. upaleSu yavAn prakarSeNa kSiNAti hinasti pinaSTIti yAvat- ni.du.vR. 6 / 2, 24. halA. pR. 221, 25 yatau nanA stanadAnAdyartham apatyaM prati natA bhavati tata: mAtA- ni. du.vR. 62, 26. duhitApi nanA bhavati / sApi hi pituH paricaryArthaM namrA bhavati ni . du.vR. 62, 27. dI iTImolaujIja Apha yAska pR. 64, 28 . abhyarddhayan abhivarddhayanyajatItyavagama :- ni. du.vR. 6 / 2, 29. supAM su luka pUrvasavarNAccheyADADyAyAjAla: aSTA. 7 1 39, 30. yaju.- 4 22, 31. R. 91998199, 32. R. 1/1657, 33. R. 3 / 36 10, 34. R. 6 / 47 / 13, 35. R. 3130119, 36. yaju. 8 / 18, 37. ni. 27, 38. udake thuT ca uNA. 4 / 204, 39 pRSadazvAmarUtaH pRznimAtaraH zubhaMyAvAno vidatheSu jagmayaH yaju. 25 / 20 bhASya (dra . ) R. 1 / 143 / 7 - vidatheSu yajJeSu sA. bhA. 40. ojate vRddhayarthasya- ni.du.vR. 6 2, 41. uvjejalervalopazca uNA. 4 / 192, 42. ojo dIptAvavaSTambhe prakAza valayorapi medi - 171 / 20 ojo dIpto bale-ama. ko . 3|3|233,43.am.ko. 3 / 3 / 228, 44. vijamAtetizazvaddAkSiNAjAH krItApati mAcakSate- ni.6|2,45.nptRnessttR . uNA. 2 95,46. Ato'nupasarga- aSTA 31213, 47. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, 48. syena hi tuSAH prakSipyante ni .du.vR. 62, 49. dI iTImolaujIja Apha yAska pR. 108, 50. aSTA 3 / 1 / 134, 51. ni. 6 3, 52. ni. 6 3, 53. ni. 211, 54. ni. 2 1,55. ni. 21, 56. pacAdyac - aSTA 3111134, 57. dI iTImaulaujIja Apha yAska pR. 85, 58. aco yat- aSTA. 3/1/97, 59. ama. ko. 226 63, 60. ni. 6 6, 61. ni. 62, 62. ni. 3 / 4, 63. RgvedakoSa- pR. 325, 64. kSudhipizimithibhyaH kit - uNA. 3 / 55 65. sahi svalpamapi pApaM vipiMzati vipuSNAti ni. du.vR. 6 3 66. abhyamanavAn rogarUpaH 325: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kaMzcit parebhyo bhayadAtA syAt- ni.du.vR. 6 / 3, 67. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 94, 68. tuzchandasi- aSTA. 5 / 3 / 59 turiSThemeyaH su. aSTA :- 6 / 4 / 154,69. uNA. 4.121, 70. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 114, 71. a.ko. 1 / 4 / 23 duritairapi kartumAtmasAt prayatante nRpasUnavo hi yat- raghu. 8 / 2, 72. aitihAsikAH puna: nAsatyau nAsikA prabhavau mnynte| ni.du.vR. 6 / 3, 73. dI iTImaulojIja Apha yAskA pR. 137, 74. dhI: karma iti karmanAmasu parigaNitam- ni.du.vR. 6 / 3, 75. hindI nirukta- pR. 196, 76. yato dhiyA prajJayA varUNa evaM purU stUyate ityutpatti: ni.du.vR. 6 / 3, 77. puraM zarIraM sarvaguNasampannaM daghAtItipurandhiH- mahI.bhA. 22 / 22, purezarIraM rUpAdiguNasamanvitaM dhArayatItipurandhiH uvvaTa- 22 / 22, 78. kecitpunarAcAryA: rezayadAriNaH iti nirvacanti teSAM mate rezayantaM hiMsantaM dArayantIti tathoktA:- ni.du.vR. 6 / 3, 79. girvaNA deva: yasmAdevaM gIrbhiH stutibhi: vanayanti- ni.du.vR. 643, 80. vanas eja e sTIma ina dI sainsa Apha rIsIbhara Apha prejasI dI iTamaulaujIja Apha yAskA pR. 165, 81. ni. 82, 82. ni. 2 / 3, 83. asuH prANaH punarvAyuH tena samantAt IritA: mAdhyamikA : devagaNA: meghAH itare ca marUdAdaya:- ni.du.vR. 6 / 3, 84. dra.hi.ni.pR. 199, 85. supyajAtauNinistAcchIlye- aSTA . 3 / 2 / 78, 86. cAyateranne hrasvazcauNA. 4 / 199, 87. ni. 6 / 4, 88. uNA. 1 / 10, 89. ni.du.vR. 6 / 4, 90. dra. nighaNTu- 1 / 11 / 39 kI vyAkhyA, 91. gheTaizca- uNA. 3 / 10, 92. ni. 2 / 1, 93.ni.du.vR. 64, 94. dra. nighaNTu tathA nirukta- pR. 196, 95. dra. jritaa-gritaa-ni.1|3.96. anyebhyo'pi- vaa.3|2|101,97. Ato'nupasargeaSTA. 3 / 2 / 3,98. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, pRSodarAdi:- aSTA. 6 / 3 / 109, 99.ni. 2 / 1, 4 / 1, 100. ni. 9 / 3, 101. nighaNTu tathA nirukta- pR. 197, 102. parivarhaNA parivardhana parihiMsanaM vA ni.du.dR. 6 / 4, 103. nighaNTu tathA nirukta- pR. 197, 104. asminnahani sUryeNa yasmAd rasAH grasyante tasmAd ghaMsaH ahaitini.du.vR. 64, 105. aSTA. 313 / 19, 106. nighaNTu tathA nirukta pR. 197, 107. uNA. 4 / 189 Udhaso'naG- aSTA. 5 / 4 / 131, 108. sa hi ilAhetorUdakasyAlImAni nirgamana vilAni saMrUdhya zete, tasyaiva vA vileSu ilAheturUdakaM zete iti ilIbizaH ni.du.vR. 64, 109. kiyadapi udaka parimANaM dhArayatIti kiyedhA- ni.du.vR. 64, 110. ni. skanda-TIkA. 6 / 4, 111. R 1 / 31.16, 392 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 112. vistIrNaH itazcetazca sarvato yaH prAptaH sa viSpitaH ni. du.vR. 64, 113. Rgveda koSa- pR. 542, 114. hindI nirukta- pR. 208, 115. udkmbhidheym| yatastat tUrNamApnoti ni. du.vR. 64, 116. Rjurapi asmAdeva prasAdhanArthAt R Jjatervoddhavya: ni. du.vR. 64, 117. zakRtA- gomayena itaM yuktam bhavati- ni.du.vR. 64, 118. zakAdibhyo'Tan- - uNA 4 / 81, 119. ni.du.vR. 6 / 4, 120. aNazca- uNA. 118, 121. ni. 514, 122. ni. 73, 123. krU ca- uNA 2/21, 124 igupadhajJA- aSTA. 3191935, 125. ni. 6 / 5, 126. ni. du.vR. 65, 127. dra. hindI nirukta pR. 212, 128. halA. pR. 142 (aSTA. 31213), 129. nighaNTu tathA nirukta pR. 201, 130. R. 8 120, sA. 19307 Apa zrau. sU. 8 / 7 / 10 mAna. zrau. sU. 1 / 7 / 2 / 18, 131. R. 1/117/21, 132. megha. 149, 133. kharjipiMjAdibhyaUrolacau- uNA. 4 / 90 ( laMgervRddhizca ) prajJAdyaN- aSTA. 5/4138, 134. madho anyonyaM bhakSaNAya mAdhanti hRSyantItivA ni. du.vR. 6 / 5, 135. Rtajyaji- uNA. 4/2, 136. zeSe - aSTA. 4/2 92, 137. saptamaryAdA : kavayastatakSutAsAmekAmidbhyaMhurogAt-R. 10/5/6, 138. steyaM talpArohaNaM brahmahatyAbhrUNahatyAsurApAnaM duSkRtasya karmaNaH punaHpunaH sevAM pAtake'nRtodyamiti ni. 6 / 5, 139. abhi. 6 / 25 (asmAtparaM bata...), 140. bato batAsi yama naiva ... 10 / 10 / 13 atharva 1819195, 141. vane na vAyo nyadhAyi cAkana - R. 10 / 29 / 1 atharva. 20 / 76 1, 142. ni. du.vR. 65, 143. supa AtmanaH kyac-aSTA. 3 / 1 / 8, 144. ni. 6 6 145. viparItAt kuTate : vikaTaH syAt kubjIbhUtaityartha: ni. du.vR. 66, 146. vAmaM vAmaM ta Adure devo dadAtvaryamA / vAmaM pUSA vAmaM bhago vA devaH karUlatI // R. 4 30 24, 147. ni. 6 6, 148. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, 149. ni. 113, 150. ni. 4 3 62, 66, 151. R. 91491143, 152. aSTA. 5/2/123, 153. yasmAtte kimapi na kurvanti deva pitR manuSyAdInAmupakriyAbhiH / tasmAtte kIkaTA ucyante / athavA ye nAstikA santaH kriyAbhi: devatAtithisevArUpAbhiH kim- ko lAbhaH ityevaM vadanti te kITAH anAryAH / ni.du.vR. 6/6, 154. R. 3153 14, 155. ulvAdayazcauNA. 4 / 95, 156. sa hi yasmAt vahu saMyogAt gaNyate - ni. du.vR. 6 / 6 . R. : 393 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska .
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________________ aSTama adhyAya daivata kANDake nirvacanokA samIkSaNa nighaNTra ke paMcama adhyAya ko daivata kANDa kahA jAtA hai| daivata kANDa cha khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai jinameM kramaza: 3, 13, 36, 32, 36 tathA 31 pada saMkalita haiN| ina padoMkI vyAkhyA niruktake kramazaH saptama, aSTama, navama, dazama, ekAdaza tathA dvAdaza adhyAyoMmeM huI hai| ___nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyake prathama khaNDameM mAtra agnise sambaddha 3 pada saMkalita haiM jinakI vyAkhyA niruktake saptama adhyAyameM huI hai| yadyapi niruktake saptama adhyAyake nirvacanoMkI kula saMkhyA 37 haiM jinameM tIna daivata paThita haiM tathA zeSa 34 prasaMgataH prApta haiN| nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyake dvitIya khaNDameM draviNodA Adi 13 pada saMkalita haiM jinakI vyAkhyA niruktake aSTama adhyAyameM kI gayI hai| niruktake aSTama adhyAyameM kula 29 nirvacana prApta hote haiM jinameM 13 daivatakANDa paThita haiM zeSa 16 nirvacana prasaMgataH prApta haiN| nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyameM tRtIya khaNDameM azva Adi 36 pada saMkalita haiM jinakI vyAkhyA niruktake navama adhyAyameM kI gayI hai| niruktake navama adhyAyameM prApta kula nirvacanoMkI saMkhyA 76 haiM jinameM 36 daivata kANDa paThita tathA zeSa 40 prasaMgata: prApta haiN| nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyake tRtIya khaNDameM azva Adi 36 pada saMkalita haiM jinakI vyAkhyA niruktake navama adhyAyameM kI gayI hai| niruktake navama adhyAyameM prApta kula nirvacanoMkI saMkhyA 76 hai jinameM 36 daivata kANDa paThita tathA zeSa 40 prasaMgataH prApta haiN| nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyake caturtha khaNDameM vAyu Adi 22 pada saMkalita haiM jinakI vyAkhyA niruktake dazama adhyAyameM kI gayI hai| niruktake dazama adhyAyameM kula nirvacanoMkI saMkhyA 57 hai jinameM 32 daivata kANDa paThita haiM tathA zeSa 25 pada prasaMgataH prApta haiN| nighaNTu ke paMcama adhyAyake paMcama khaNDameM zyena Adi 36 pada saMkalita haiM jinakI vyAkhyA niruktake ekAdaza adhyAyameM kI gayI hai| niruktake ekAdaza adhyAyameM 394:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kula 56 nirvacana prApta hote haiM jinameM daivata kANDa paThita 36 pada tathA zeSa 20 pada prasaMgata : prApta haiN| nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyake antima arthAt SaSTha khaNDameM Azvinau Adi 31 pada saMkalita haiM jinakI vyAkhyA niruktake dvAdaza adhyAyameM kI gayI hai| niruktake dvAdaza adhyAyameM kula nirvacanoMkI saMkhyA 51 haiM jinameM 31 pada daivata kANDa paThita haiM tathA zeSa 20 pada prasaMgataH prApta haiN| niruktake daivata kANDameM saptama, aSTama, navama, dazama, ekAdaza evaM dvAdaza adhyAya haiM, ina kANDoM meM devatAoM ke nAma pradhAna rUpameM vivecita haiN| devatAoMkA sthAnAnusAra vibhAjana yahAM prApta hotA hai| kucha devatA pRthvI sthAnIya hai, kucha antarikSa sthAnIya tathA kucha dhusthaaniiy|| yAskane niruktake dvAdaza adhyAyake bAda trayodaza evaM caturdaza adhyAyoMmeM kucha mantroMke Izvara paraka arthoMkA pratipAdana kiyA hai inheM atistutiyoM ke antargata parigaNita kiyA jAtA hai| isa prasaMga meM prApta padoMkA nirvacana bhI yAska karate haiN| isa prakAra nirukttake trayodaza adhyAyameM kula sAta tathA caturdaza adhyAyameM ATha padoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiN| daivata kANDakI parisamApti niruktake dvAdaza adhyAya taka hI ho jAtI hai phira bhI trayodaza evaM caturdaza adhyAyake nirvacana devatAoM se hI kisI na kisI rUpameM sambaddha haiN| ata: ina adhyAyoMke nirvacanoMko bhI isI prasaMgameM prastuta kiyA gyaa| (ka) niruktake saptama adhyAyake nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana niruktake saptama adhyAyase daivata kANDakA Arambha hotA hai| nighaNTukA paMcama adhyAya daivata kANDa hai| nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyameM 6 khaNDa haiM ve kramazaH nirukta ke 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 evaM 12 adhyAyoMmeM vivecita hue haiN| nighaNTke paMcama adhyAyake prathama khaNDameM agnike tIna nAmoMkA ullekha haA hai- agniH, jAtavedA evaM vaishvaanr| niruktakA saptama adhyAya nirvacanakI dRSTise agnike inhIM tInoM nAmoMkA vivecaka hai| yadyapi isa adhyAyameM yAska pratipAdita nirvacanoMkI kula saMkhyA 37 hai nighaNTu paThita daivata kANDake tIna nAma hI vyAkhyAta haiN| isa prakAra niruktake isa adhyAya ke 34 nirvacana prasaMgataH prApta haiN| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise evaM nirvacana prakriyAke anusAra sabhI nirvacana mahattvapUrNa haiN| 395 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ agnike tIna nAmoMke nirvacanameM yAskane vividha AdhAroM ko apanA kara pracura prakAza DAlA hai|prtyek zabdake eka se adhika nirvacana kie gae haiN|is avasara para anya matoMko bhI upasthApita kiyA gayA hai|lgtaa hai ki yAskake samaya meM nirvacana zAstrake anya cintaka bhI samAdRta the|daivt kANDa ke ina nAmoM ke dvArA devatAoMkI stuti pradhAna rUpameM kI jAtI hai|jnyaatvy hai ki daivatakANDameM devatAoM ke nAmahI saMkalita haiN| isa adhyAya ke padoMke nirvacanameM yAskane vibhinna dRSTiyoMko apanAyA hai| devatAoMke kArya, svarUpa, samAnatA Adi pramukha rUpase sAmane Ate haiN| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise pUrNataH upayukta nirvacanoM me- suvidatram, mantrAH, chandaH, stomaH, yajuH, sAma, gAyatrI, uSNik, kubjaH, anuSTup , vRhatI, paMktiH , triSTup, jagatI, virAD, agniH, samanama, nasatiH,haryati, divyaH, garutmAna, jAtavedAH,dasyaH,jamadagnayaH, Rgmiyam , mAtarizvA , ghRtam , mUrdhA , aditayaH zabda parigaNita haiN| ina zabdoM ke aneka nirvacanoMmeM kucha bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise apUrNa bhI haiN| dhvanyAtmaka zaithilya-vAle pipIlikA , agni :, devaH, hotA tathA vaizvAnaraH, zabda vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| ina zabdoM ke bhI kucha nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se upayukta haiN| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise apUrNa nirvacanoM meM uSNISam, kakup, vivasvAn tathA mithuna zabdoMko dekhA jA sakatA hai| uSNika evaM virAD zabdoMke nirvacanameM yAskane upamAkA sahArA liyA hai| kakum zabda sAdRzya para AdhArita hai| dasyuH zabdameM bhI guNasAdRzya pAyA jAtA hai| triSTup evaM jagatI zabdoMke nirvacana aitihAsika mahattva se yukta haiN| chandake vividha nAmoMke nirvadhanameM yAska usake svarUpa ko vizeSa rUpameM sAmane lAte haiN| vaidika chanda akSaroM kI gaNanA para AdhArita hai| ina akSaroMke dvArA niyantrita sabhI chanda svarUpa vizeSa se yukta haiN| ve kamI-kabhI chandoM kA aitihAsika mahattva tathA AdhyAtmika mahattva bhI apane nirvacanoM meM upasthApita karate haiN| chanda nAmoM ke atirikta anya zabdoMke nirvacana devatAoM se prAyaH sambaddha haiN| isa adhyAyake pratyeka nirvacanoMkA pRthak mUlyAMkana draSTavya hai : (1) suvidatram:-yaha dhanakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra suvidatraM dhanaM bhavati vindatervA ekopasargAt1 arthAt eka upasarga yukta hokara vilR lAme dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai-su+vid+ tra-suvidatra dadAtervA syAt dvayupasargAt1 arthAt do upasargose yukta dA dAne dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai-su+vi+dA+tra 396:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ suvidtrm| ina nirvacanoMke dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (2) mantrA :- isakA artha hotA hai- veda prayukta Rcaa| niruktake anusAramantrA mananAt1 arthAt manana kriyAse niSpanna honeke kAraNa mantra khlaayaa| mantra zabda meM man jJAne dhAtukA yoga hai| isameM vicAroMkA manana hotA hai| AdhyAtmika Adhi daivika evaM AdhiyajJa vicAroMke manana se hI sambaddha vaidika RcAeM maMtra khlaae| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai|r bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise ise sarvathA saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| mantrakA artha salAha bhI hotA hai|3 isa arthameM mantra zabdakI vyutpatti mantra guptaparibhASaNe dhAtu se ghaJ4 pratyaya yA mantra+ ac karane para mAnI jA sakatI hai| yAska ne mantra zabdakA nirvacana veda vihita RcAoM ko dhyAnameM rakha kara hI kiyA hai jo sarvathA upayukta hai| yAska prokta man dhAtuse STran pratyaya ke dvArA bhI maMtra zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| IzvarAdeza kA jJAna yA vicAra jisase ho use maMtra kaha sakate haiN|5 (3) chandas :- yaha padyabandha prakriyA kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra chandAMsi chAdanAt1 arthAt AcchAdana karane ke kAraNa chanda khlaayaa| isa zabdameM chad AcchAdane dhAtukA yoga hai| AcchAdana karane ke tAtparya ko spaSTa karate hue durgAcArya ne kahA hai ki mRtyu se Dara kara devatAoMne ina chandoM se apaneko AcchAdita kiyA thaa|1 isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra canda AhlAdane dIptau ca dhAtuse asun pratyaya kara (AdyakSara ba ko cha)6 chandas yA chand + asun= chandas zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| chAndogyopaniSadcha evaM AraNyaka8 se bhI chanda zabda meM chad dhAtukA hI saMketa prApta hotA hai| (4) stomaH :- isakA artha hotA hai stotr| devatAoM ke stavana meM prayukta mantra samudAya stoma kahe jAte haiN| niruktake anusAra stomaH stavanAt arthAt stavana kriyAse sambaddha hone ke kAraNa stoma khlaayaa| kyoMki isase stuti kI jAtI hai| isa zabda meM stu stutau dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra stu stutau dhAtuse man pratyaya stu+ man9- stoman zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 397 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (5) yaju :- yaha yajurvedakA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra yajuryajateH arthAt yajana kriyA se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa yajuH kahalAtA hai| yajurvedameM yajJa kI pradhAnatA hai|10 isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM yaj dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise sarvathA saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra yaj devapUjAsaMgatikaraNayajanadAneSu dhAtuse us pratyaya kara yajuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (6) sAma :- yaha sAmavedakA vAcaka hai| nirukttake anusAra (1) sAma smmitNmRcaa|1 arthAt yaha RcAke tulya parimANa vAlA hotA hai| RcA hI upAsanA bheda se sAma kahI jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM sam+ mA dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) astervA1 arthAt yaha zabda as kSapaNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha RcAoMmeM nikSipta hai| (3)syatepiarthAt yaha So''ntakarmaNi dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hai,kyoMki sAma upAsanAtmaka antakarma hai| (4) RcA samaM mena iti naidAnA:1 nidAna sampradAya vAle netAoM kA kahanA hai12 ki ise RcAke samAna mAnA gayA hai| isa sampradAyake anusAra bhI sAma zabdameM sam + man dhAtukA yoga hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra sabhI nirvacanoMke upayukta haiN| prathama tRtIya evaM antima nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka mahatva rakhate haiN| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra So'ntakarmaNi dhAtuse manin pratyaya karane para sAman zabda banatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (7) gAyatrI :- yaha eka chanda bheda hai| niruktake anusAra (1) gAyatrI gAyate: stutikarmaNa:1 arthAt yaha zabda stutyarthaka gai dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isase devatAoM kI stuti kI jAtI hai|13 (2) trigamA vA viparItA1 arthAt tri evaM gam dhAtuko viparIta karane para gAyatrI zabda banatA hai- tri-gam-gam + tri-gaaytrii| trigamanA se tAtparya hai ki gAyatrI chandameM tIna caraNa hote haiN| pratyeka caraNa ATha akSaroMvAlA hotA hai| gAyatrI chandake tIna caraNa hI usake tIna gamana haiN| (3) gAyato mukhAdudapatat iti ca brAhmaNam14 arthAt brAhmaNa graMthoM kA kahanA hai ki vaha gAte hue brahmA ke mukha se gira pdd'ii| phalata: gAyatrI khlaayii| isa brAhmaNa granthake nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM gai + pat dhAtukA yoga hai| yAskake nirvacanoMmeM dhvanyAtmakatA evaM arthAtmakatA pUrNa saMgata hai| gai dhAtuse isakA nirvacana mAnanA bhASA vaijJAnika AdhAra rakhatA hai| laukika vigrahake anusAra gAyantaM trAyate iti gAyatrI kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki yaha gAyatrI pAThakoM kI rakSA karatI 398 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra gai+zatR+traiG pAlane+ka:15-gAyatra-gAyatrI zabda banAyAjA sakatA hai| (8) uSNika :- yaha vaidika chandakA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra (1)uSNi gutsnAtA bhavati1 arthAt yaha chanda gAyatrIkI apekSA cAra adhika akSaroMse utsnAta hai, baDhA huA hai| gAyatrI chandameM caubIsa akSara hote hai jabaki uSNik chandameM aThAisa akssr| isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM ut + snA dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) snihyatervA syAtkAntikarmaNaH1 arthAt yaha zabda icchArthaka SNih dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha chanda devatAoMko priya lagatA hai| (3) uSNISiNIvetyaupamikampa arthAt isa chandake baDhe cAra akSara uSNISa tulya haiN| isa nirvacanameM upamAkA AdhAra apanAyA gayA hai| phalataH uSNISake sAdRzyase uSNika mAnA gyaa| isameM arthAtmaka evaM dhvanyAtmaka sAdRzya upasthApita kiyA gayA hai| yAskake dvitIya nirvacanameM upayukta dhvanyAtmakatA hai| DA0 varmA ise pApulara iTImolojI mAnate hai|16 vyAkaraNake anusAra ut + snih + kin pratyaya kara uSNik zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (9) uSNISam :- yaha pagar3I (zirastrANa) kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - uSNISa snAyateH1 arthAt yaha zabda snai veSTane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha zirako AveSTita kie rahatI hai isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra sarvathA saMgata hai| yAskake ukta nirvacanameM AdisvarAgama mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra uSNa+ IS gatyAdau dhAtuse ka:17 pratyaya kara uSNISa zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (10) kakupaH-yaha chanda kA upabheda hai| ise uSNika chandakA eka bheda mAnA gayA hai| nirukttake anusAra kakapa kakubhinI bhavati arthAt kakupa chanda madhyonnata hotI hai| 1 isa chandake madhya pAdameM kucha adhika akSara hote hai jaise kubar3e kA madhya bhAga uThA hotA hai isI sAdRzya ke anusAra isa chandako bhI kakup kahA gyaa| kakup ca kujatervA1 arthAt yaha zabda kuTila artha vAle kuj dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki isakA madhya kubja hotA hai|kuj-kkupaaubjtervaa arthAtyaha zabda nyag bhAvArthakaubj dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki pRSThadeza yA madhya deza ke pAsakA bhAga kucha nata rahatA hai|8 sabhI nirvacanoM kA arthAtmaka mahattva hai|dhvnyaatmk dRSTise sabhI nirvacana apUrNa haiN| isake nirvacanoMmeM yAskane sAdRzya niyamakA sahArA liyA hai|vyaakrnnke anusAra kA skubha+kvip 399 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ pratyaya kara kakup zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (pRSodarAditvAt sa lopaH) (11) kubja: :- yaha kUbar3AkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra kubja: kujatervA kubjatervA1 arthAt yaha zabda kuj kauTilye dhAtuse yA nyag bhAvArthaka ubj dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai- kuj- kubja:, ku+ ubj = kUbar3e kA madhya bhAga kuTila yA nata hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra ku+ ubj Arjave dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara kubjaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (12) anuSTup :- yaha eka vaidika chanda hai| isameM ATha-ATha akSaroMke cAra pAda hote haiN| kula milAkara akSaroMkI saMkhyA 8 x 4 = 32 hotI hai| niruktake anusAra anuSTuvanuSTobhanAt1 arthAt anustavana karaneke kAraNa hI anuSTup khlaayaa| isa nirvacana ke anusAra isa zabda meM anu + stubh dhAtukA yoga hai / gAyatrImeva tripadAMsatI caturthena pAdena anuSTobhati arthAt ATha-ATha akSarake tIna caraNoM vAlI gAyatrI hI caturtha caraNa se anusaraNa karaneke kAraNa anuSTup kahalAtI hai21 aisA brAhmaNa granthoM meM kahA gayA hai| yAskake isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra sarvathA saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| antima nirvacana daivata brAhmaNa. kA hai jo anuSTup chandake svarUpa para prakAza DAlatA hai tathA anukaraNa (anustobha) kI arthAtmakatAko spaSTa karatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra anu + stubh dhAtu + kvip ( Satvam) pratyaya kara anuSTup zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (13) bRhatI :- yaha vaidika chanda bheda hai| niruktake anusAra- bRhatI parivarhaNAt arthAt parivardhana yA parivRddhike kAraNa isakA nAma vRhatI hai| anuSTup chandakI apekSA isameM cAra akSara adhika hote haiN| anuSTup chanda meM 8 x 4 = 32 akSara hote haiM jabaki vRhatI chanda meM 8+ 8 + 12 + 8 36 akSara hote haiM / ukta nirvacanake adhAra para isa zabdameM vRh vRddhau dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra vRha vRddhau dhAtu + zatR + DIp22 pratyaya kara vRhatI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (14) paMkti :- yaha vaidika chanda bheda hai| niruktake anusAra- paMkti: paMcapadA arthAt yaha chanda pAMca padoM vAlA hotA hai| isameM ATha-ATha akSaroM ke pAMca pAda hote haiM-8 x 5=40 akSara isa nirvacana meM paMca vyaktikaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| paMca paMkti chanda 400 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ arthoddezya se yaha nirvacana anuprANita hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra paMc + ktin 23 pratyaya kara paktiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (15) triSTup :- yaha vaidika chandabheda hai| niruktake anusAra- triSTup stobhati uttarapadA1 arthAt isake uttara pada meM stubh dhAtukA yoga hai- tri stubha trissttup| tri kA artha hai tIrNatamaM chandaH' arthAt yaha kucha chandoM kI apekSA adhika prastuta hotI hai| isa chandameM gyAraha gyAraha akSarake cAra pAda hote haiM. 114 44 akssr| isa prakAra tIrNatama honeke kAraNa Adi meM tri zabda hai| athavA trivRddhjH| tasya stobhatItivA1 arthAt trivRt vajra kA nAma hai usakA stavana karaneke kAraNa tri- (vajra)+ stubh= triSTubh zabda bnaa| yat tristobhat tat triSTubhastriSTuptvam1 iti vijJAyate arthAt aisA jAnA jAtA hai ki tIna bAra stavana kiyA jAnA hI triSTup kA triSTupta hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise sarvathA saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| ukta nirvacana se chandagata upayogitA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| zeSa nirvacana bhI prathama nirvacanakI hI puSTi karate haiN| antima nirvacana kA aitihAsika mahattva bhI hai| DA. varmA yAskake uparyukta nirvacanako prasiddha nirvacanoMmeM sthAna dete haiN|24 vyAkaraNake anusAra tri+ stubh jaDI karaNe + kvip (Satvam) kara triSTup zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (16) jagatI :- yaha eka vaidika chanda bheda hai| niruktake anusAra- jagatI gatatamaM chanda: arthAt yaha sabase adhika gayA huA, bar3hA huA chanda hotA hai| isa chandameM bAraha-bAraha akSaroMke cAra pAda hote haiM 12x448 akssr| vaidika chandoMmeM yaha sabase bar3A chanda hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra isameM gam dhAtukA yoga hai| jalacaragati arthAt jalameM hone vAlI taraMgakI bhAMti isakI gati hotI hai gam + gati hI jagatI ho gayA hai| jalataraMgakI gati vAlA sabase bar3A bar3hA chanda hI jagatI hai| jagalyamAno'sRjat iti ca brAhmaNam5 arthAt brahmA ne ise kSINaharSake samaya banAyA isalie isakA nAma jagatI huA aisA daivata brAhmaNakA vacana hai| yAskakA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| antima nirvacana brAhmaNa granthakA hai jo aitihAsika mahattva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra gam +dvitva+ kvipa-muk-jagat+ GIp- jagatI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|26 (17) virAD :- yaha vaidika chandakA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra virADvirAja, 401:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAka
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________________ nAdvA' arthAt yaha zabda vi+ rAjU dIptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha vizeSa rUpameM suzobhita hotA hai| virAdhAnAdvA' arthAt yaha zabda vi+ rAdh vRddhau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha dUsare chandoM kI apekSA vigata Rddhi vAlA hotA hai|27 viprApaNAdvA1 arthAt isa zabdameM vi + pra + Ap dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki isameM vizeSa kI prApti hotI hai| virAjanAtsampUrNAkSarA' arthAt yaha zabda vi + rAj dhAtuse sampUrNa akSaroMkI upasthiti se banatA hai| virAdhanAdUnAkSarA' arthAt vi + rAdh dhAtuse kama akSaroM vaalaa| viprApaNAdadhikAkSarAvA' arthAt vi + pra + Ap se adhika akSara vAlA yaha virAr3a hai| tAtparya hai ki sampUrNa akSaroMke rahane para vi+ rAja se kama akSaroM ke rahane para vi + rAdha dhAtuse tathA adhika akSaroMke rahane para vi + pra + Apa dhAtuse isakA nirvacana mAnA gayA hai| pipIlikamadhyetyaupamikama1 arthAta upamA kI dRSTise ise pipIlika madhyA kahate haiN|28 isake bIcake akSara pipIlika madhya bhAgake samAna hai| vi + rAjR se virAD zabdakA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| ise bhASA vijJAnake anusAra saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| antima nirvacana tulanA para AdhArita hai| zeSa nirvacanoMke arthAtmaka mahattva haiN| uparyukta nirvacanoMse ukta chandakA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vi+rAj +kvip pratyaya kara virAD zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|29 vaidika chandake kisI eka pAdameM do vargoM kI kamI vAle chanda virAja ke nAmase abhihita hote haiN| (18) pipIlikA :- isakA artha hotA hai ciiNttii| niruktake anusAra pipIlikA pelatergatikarmaNaH' arthAt pipIlikA zabda pel gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha gatiyukta hotI hai| isa nirvacanameM svaragata audAsinya hai| dhvanyAtmakatAkI saMgati AMzika hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra pIla pratiSTamme dhAtuse ghaJ30 svArthekan31 + TAp = pipIlikA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (19) agni :- yaha AgakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) agraNIbhavati5 arthAt yaha sabhI acche karmoM meM agraNI hotI hai| isake anusAra agniH zabdameM agra + nI dhAtukA yoga hai. agra+nI= amniH|(2) agraM yajJeSu praNIyate arthAt yajJoMmeM prathamataH isIko le jAyA jAtA hai| agnyAdhAna yajJakA pradhAna evaM prathama karma hai| isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM agra+nI dhAtakA yoga hai- agra+nI- agniH / (3)aMgaM nayati sannamamAna:32 arthAt apanemeM samyak nave hue ko apanA aMga banAtI hai|agnimeN DAlA gayA haviS bhI agni bana jAtA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM aMga+nI dhAtukA yoga hai-aMga 402:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ + nI agniH| yAskake uparyukta tInoM nirvacana arthAtmaka AdhArase to yukta haiM lekina dhvanyAtmaka AdhArase upayukta nahIM hai| agni zabdake nirvacana kramameM yAska kucha AcAryoMke tatsambandhI matoMkA bhI ullekha karate haiM aknopano bhavatIti sthaulASTIvi: naknopayati na snehayati32 arthAt AcArya sthaulASTIvi ke anusAra agni aknopana hotI hai yaha snigdha nahIM karatI rasoMko sukhAkara rUkSa kara detI hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM na * a+ kna = gna =agniH| AcArya zAkapUNi: agni zabdako tIna AkhyAtoMse niSpanna mAnate haiM- tribhya AkhyAtebhyo jAyata iti shaakpuunniH| itAt aktAddagdhAdvA niitaat| sa khalveterakAramAdate gakAramanaktervA dahatervA nIH prH|32 arthAt iN gatau dhAtuse akAra aMj yA dah bhaSmIkaraNe dhAtuse dakAra tathA nIJ dhAtuse nI lekara agni banA a+g + niH agniH pratyeka akSara meM dhAtuoMkA yoga nirvacanakI sUkSmatAkA paricAyaka hai| kaI dhAtuoMke yogase zabdakA nirvacana vRhadAraNyakopaniSda meM bhI prApta hotA hai|33 AcArya sAyaNa ne isakI vyutpatti agi gatau dhAtuse ni pratyaya jor3a kara kI hai34 yaha bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise sarvathA saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI agi gatau dhAtuse ni pratyaya kara agni: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (20) deva :- isakA artha hotA hai devtaa| niruktake anusAra 1 devo dAnAdvA32 arthAt yaha zabda dA dAne dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yajamAnoMko abhISTa padArtha dete haiM yA yajamAna bhI unheM haviS Adi pradAna karate haiN|35 (2) dIpanAdvA arthAt isa zabdameM dIp dIptau dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki tejomaya honeke kAraNa ve prakAzita karate hai|36 (3) dyotanAdvA32 arthAt isa zabdameM dhut dIptau dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki ve svayaM prakAzita hote haiN| 4. dhusthAno bhavatItivA32 dhu sthAnameM honeke kAraNa deva kahalAte haiM sUryAdi devatAkI upasthiti AkAzameM honeke kAraNa dhu sthAnIya deva khlaayaa| yAskake uparyukta nirvacanoMmeM dA- deva, dIpa-deva, dyut-deva tathA dhu sthAna se deva mAnA gayA hai| ye sabhI nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| dhvanyAtmakatA kI dRSTise ye nirvacana apUrNa haiN| yAskake nirvacanameM tIna dhAtuoMkI kalpanA arthAtmaka saMgatike lie hI prApta haiN| AcArya sAyaNa deva zabdameM div dhAtukA yoga mAnate haiN|37 vyAkaraNake anusAra div dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara deva zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|38 diva dhAtase deva zabda mAnanA bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise bhI saMgata hai| pANinIya dhAtu pAThameM div dhAtuke krIr3A, vijigISA vyavahAra, prakAza, prazaMsA, Ananda, mada, svapna, kAnti, gati Adi artha hote haiN|39 403:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ina arthoMkI saMgati deva zabda meM prAya: dekhI jAtI hai|40 (21) hotA :- isakA artha hotA hai bulAne vaalaa| niruktake anusAra hotAraM hAtAram32 arthAt hotA hvAtA hotA hai| AvAhana karane vAlA hAtA yA hotA kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM haveJ spardhAyAM zabde ca dhAtukA yoga hai| yAska ukta prasaMga meM AcArya aurNavAbhake matakA bhI ullekha karate haiM- juhotehotetyaurNavAma:32 arthAt hotA zabda meM hu dAnAdanayoH dhAtukA yoga hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hotA hai yajJa karane vAlA, havana karane vAlA yA khAne vAlA yA dene vaalaa| yAskakA nirvacanAtmaka saMketa dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya se yukta hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta hai|41 aurNavAbha kA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase sarvathA upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra hu dhAtuse tRc pratyaya kara hotR-hotA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| DA.varmA ise lokapriya nirvacana mAnate haiN| haveJ dhAtuse isakI vyutpatti apekSAkRta arvAcIna hai| taitirIya brAhmaNa tathA gopatha brAhmaNa meM bhI isakA nirvacana have dhAtuse hI mAnA gayA hai|43 (22) samanam :- isakA artha hotA hai samAna mana vaalaa| niruktake anusAra samanaM samananAdvA22 arthAt samAna manana karaneke kAraNa samanam khlaayaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM sam + man manane dhAtukA yA sam + an dhAtukA yoga hai| sa samAna kA vAcaka hai tathA man dhaatu| sammAnanAdvA32 arthAt samAna mAna karane ke kAraNa samanam khlaayaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM sam+mAn pUjAyAM dhAtukA yoga hai-sm-maan-smmaan-smnm| durgAcArya ne samanasaH kA artha samAnamanasaH kiyA hai|44 prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai|antimnirvcn arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| (23) nasati :- isakA artha hotA hai prApta krnaa| niruktake anusAra -nasatirApnotikarmA vA arthAt nasatiH zabda prApta karmA hai| yaha nas prAptau dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai| namatikarmA vAra arthAt nasati zabda namana arthavAlA nas dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai| ina nirvacanoM meM mAtra artha hI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai dhAtukA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM prApta hotaa| nas dhAtuse isakI vyutpatti mAnane meM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| (24) divya :- isakA artha hotA hai dhu lokvaasii| niruktake anusAra- divyo divija:32 arthAt divya zabda divijaH kA vAcaka hai| div se divya zabda ko niSpanna 404:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ divija : 32 arthAt divya zabda divijaH kA vAcaka hai / div se divya zabda ko niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| divya zabdameM ya kRdanta pratyaya hai jo nivAsa artha kA dyotaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra divi bhavam - divyam div divija : 32 arthAt divya zabda divijaH kA vAcaka hai / div se divya zabda ko niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| divya zabdameM ya kRdanta pratyaya hai jo nivAsa artha kA dyotaka hai | vyAkaraNake anusAra divi bhavam divyam div + yat kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (25) haryati :- isakA artha hotA hai bAra-bAra prApta karane kI icchA karatA hai| niruktake anusAra- haryati: prepsAkarmA viharyatIti arthAt bAra-bAra prApta karane kI abhilASA karanA artha vAle haryyaM dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai- harya + tiphryti| isake arthameM yAska viharyyati 45 yA abhiharyati46 dete haiM jisakA hati se pUrNa sambandha hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (26) garUtmAn :- isakA artha hotA hai stuti se yukt| niruktake anusAragarutmAn garaNavAn" arthAt yaha zabda gR nigaraNe zabde ca dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha stuti sampanna hotA hai| gurvAtmA mahAtmeti vA2 arthAt gurU AtmA vAlA yA mahAtmA ko garutmAn kahA jAtA hai- gR- garUt + matup = grutmaan| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake nusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra garUt + matup=garutman-garutmAn banAyA jA sakatA hai| (27) jAtavedas :- yaha agnikA vAcaka hai| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana prApta hote haiM- 1- jAtAni veda arthAt vaha agni sabhI utpanna vastuoM ko jAnatI hai|48 isake anusAra isa zabdameM jJAta + vid jJAne dhAtukA yoga hai| 2- jAtAni vainaM vidu:47 arthAt jagat kI sabhI utpanna vastueM inako jAnatI haiN| isake anusAra isa zabda jAta + vid vicAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai / 3- jAte jAte vidyate iti vA arthAt yaha pratyeka utpanna padArthoM meM vidyamAna hai / 49 isake anusAra isa zabdameM jAta + vid satAyAm dhAtukA yoga hai| 4- jAtavittovAjAtadhana : 47 arthAt isase dhana utpanna hotA hai|5deg isake anusAra jAtavedas zabdameM jAta+ vidalR lAbhe dhAtukA yoga hai| 5- jAta vidyo vA jAta prajJAna:47 arthAt yaha prakRtise hI jJAnavAn yA prakAzavAna hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM jAta+ vid jJAne dhAtukA yoga hai| 405 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ uparyukta sabhI nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| arthopalabdhi ke lie yAska ne vibhinna artha vAle eka hI dhAtu se kaI nirvacanoM ko prastuta kiyA hai| nirvacana krama meM ve brAhmaNa granthake nirvacana kA ullekha karate haiM- yattajjAtaH pazUnavindata iti tajjAtavedaso jAtavedastvam iti brAhmaNam50 arthAt utpanna hote hI usane pazuoM ko prApta kiyaa| isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM jan-jAt + vid dhAtukA yoga hai| vidyut tathA sUrya bhI jAtavedas haiN| isakA spaSTIkaraNa yAska nirukta meM kara dete haiN|52 nirvacana sAmya hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra jAta + vid + asun pratyaya kara jAtavedas zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|53 (28) vaizvAnara :- vaizvAnara kA artha agni hotA hai| niruktake anusAra - (1) vizvAnnayati54 arthAt sabhI vyaktiyoMko (paraloka) le jAtA haiN| isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM vizva +nara-zabda khaNDa hai| vizvanara hI vaizvAnara ho gayA hai| (2) vizva enaM narAnayantIti vA54 arthAt sabhI loga ise le jAte haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vizva +narakA yoga hai| (3) api vA vizvAnara eva syAt pratyutaH sarvANi bhuutaani| tasya vaizvAnara:54 arthAt saboMmeM vyApta rahane vAlA vizvAnara tathA usameM svArtha taddhita aN honeke kAraNa vaizvAnara kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vizvAn +ara= vizvAnara + aNa= vaishvaanrH| uparyukta sabhI nirvacana arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta haiN| vizva + nara se vaizvAnara mAnane meM dhvanyAtmaka saMgati bhI hai| prathama evaM dvitIya nirvacanameM nI dhAtukI saMgati arthAtmaka mahattvake lie hai| tRtIya nirvacanameM vizvAn R + ar prApta hai phalataH vizvAn +ar = vizvAnara vaizvAnara (ann)| yaha taddhita aNa pratyaya ke dvArA niSpanna hai| durgAcArya vaizvAnara ko vizvAnara kA apatya mAnate haiM inake anusAra vizvAnara se apatya arthameM pratyaya huA hai|55 vyAkaraNake anusAra- vizve narA asya iti vizvAnaraH, vizvAnarasyApatyam vaizvAnara:- vizvAnara + aNa = vaizvAnaraH mAnA jaaygaa|56 vaizvAnara indra, AkAza, Aditya, vAyu, jala, pRthvI Adi kA bhI vAcaka hai|54 (34) mAtarizvA :- isakA artha hotA hai vAyu / nirukta ke anusAra mAtarizvA vAyu: mAtari antarikSe zvasiti59 arthAta vaha antarikSa meM sAMsa letA hai| isake anusAra mAtari + zvas prANa ne dhAtu. ke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai| mAtari AzaM anitItivA59 arthAt antarikSa meM vaha zIghra gamana karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM mAtari + Azu + an dhAtu kA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNa se upayukta 406:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra - mAtari antarikSe zvayati saMcaratIti mAtarizvA - mAtari+zvi gati vRddhayo se nipAtanake dvArA mAtarizvA kI siddhi kI jA sakatI hai|61 (35) mUrdhAH- yaha mastakakA vAcaka hai|62 niruktake anusAra - mUrtamasmindhIyatepa9 arthAt isameM zarIra dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa utamAMgake sahAre hI zarIra avasthita hai| isake anusAra mUrdhA meM mUrta +dhA dhAtukA yoga hai mUrta murcha mohasamucchAyayoHdhAtuse kta pratyaya karane para niSpanna ho jAtA hai tathA dhA dhAraNArthaka dhAtu hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| mUrta + dhA=mUrdhA meM madhyama varNa lopa ho gayA hai jo nirvacana prakriyAke anurUpa hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra muha vaicitye dhAtuse kan pratyaya kara mUrdhA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|63 (36) Aditeya :- isakA artha hotA hai suury| niruktake anusAra - Aditeyam aditeH patrama59 arthAt aditike patrako Aditeya kahA jAtA hai| yaha taddhitAnta zabda hai| isakA AdhAra aitihAsika hai|64 dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase yaha upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| aditi + Dhak - aiya =AditeyameM bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTise apazruti mAnI jaaygii| vyAkaraNake anusAra aditi + Dhak pratyaya kara Aditeya zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|65 -(37) mithunau :- yaha yugala yA yugmakA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra minotiH zrayatikarmA thu iti nAmakaraNaH thakAro vA nayati paraH vanirvA59 arthAt yaha zabda Azraya grahaNa karanA artha vAle mi dhAtuse thu yA tha pratyaya kara banAyA jAtA hai jisake utara pada meM nI yA van dhAtukA yoga hai (1) mi+ thu nI - na = mithun| (2) mi+ tha + vana - un (samprasAraNa)= mithuna samAzritAvanyonyaM nayataH vanu to vA59 arthAt mithuna yugala Azrita hokara eka dUsare ko le calate hai ye Apasa meM mile rahate haiN| prathama artha nI prApaNe dhAtu ke yoga kA pariNAma hai| (mi+ thu + nI= mithuna) dvitIya artha van zabde sambhaktau ca dhAtu ke yogakA pariNAma hai (mi + tha + van un = mithun)| manuSya mithunaavpyetsmaadev| mathantAvanyonyaM vanuta iti vA59 arthAt manuSya kA mithuna zabda bhI inhIM nirvacanoM se banatA hai kyoMki ve eka dUsare se milate hai tathA eka dUsare ko Adara karate haiN| isa prakAra manuSya jor3A vAcaka mithuna zabda mith medhAhiMsayoH tathA vana zabde sambhaktau ca dhAtuoM ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai mith + van - un= mithun| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai isakA 407:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra kiMcit zithila hai| do dhAtuoMke madhyame bhI pratyaya kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra isakA pUrNa upayukta hai| arthopalabdhike lie hI yAska ko aneka dhAtuoM kI kalpanA karatI par3I hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra mith dhAtuse unan pratyaya kara mithuna zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|66 -: sandarbha saMketa :1. ni0 7 / 3, 2.dI iTamolojIja oNpha yAska, pR. 50, 3. mantroveda dizeSa sthAddevAdInAM ca saadhne| guhyavAdeDapi ca pumAn...|| medinI.12874-75, 4. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 18, 19, 5. manyate jJAyate vicAryate vA IzvarAdezaH anena iti mantraH, 6. canderAdezca cha:- uNA. 4 / 219, 7. chAndo. 1|4,8.ai.aa. 25, 9. artistu su. uNA. 1 / 140, 10. tena hi vizeSata ijyeta- ni.du.vR. 7 / 3. 11. uNA. 2 / 117, 12. sAma Adi zabdoMke mUlAnveSaka naidAna kahalAte haiN| nidAna grantha vizeSa kA adhyetA bhI naidAna kahalAtA hai| (nidAnamadhIte vettivA naidAna:). 13. tayA hi gIyante-stUyante devatA : ni.du.vR. 7 / 3, 14. ni. 7 / 3, devatA brA. 3 / 3,15. Ato'nupasarge- aSTA. 312|3,16.dii iTImolojIja Apha yAska, pR.102,17. igapadhajJAprIkira: k:-assttaa,3|1|135 zakandhvAdi- vaa.6|1|24, 18. ni.du.vR. 73, 19. aSTA . 3 / 1 / 134, 20. ni. 7 / 3 daivata brA. 34, 21. gAyatrA tribhiraSTAkSaraiH smaapyte| punaraparaH caturthaH pAdo yena tAmeva anuSTobhati tasmAdanuSTapa- ni.du.vR. 7 / 3, 22. uNA. 2184, aSTA. 4 / 1 / 6.23. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 94, 24. dI iTImolojIja Apha yAska, pR. 102, 25. deva. bA. 3, 26. ugitazca- aSTA. 4 / 16, 6 / 4 / 40, 6 / 171, 27. virAdhanAdUNAkSarA vaikalyAdvirAdhyantIva hi sA- ni.du.tR.7|3,28. madhyAlpAkSarapAdA yA sApi pipIlikA madhyeva bhavati pipIlikAsvarUpA-ni.du.vR. 7 / 3, 29. satsUdviSa. aSTA. 3 / 2 / 61, 30. aSTA . 3 / 3 / 19. 31. svArthe kan- aSTA. 5 / 45, 32. ni. 7 / 4, 33. tryakSaraM hRdayamiti ha ityekamakSaramabhiharantyasmai svAzcAnye ca ya evaM veda da ityekamakSaraM dadatyasmai svAzcAnye ca ya enaM veda yamityekamakSarameti svarga lokaM ya enaM ved| vRha. u. 5 / 3 / 1 pR. 1188, 34. R. 1 / 1 / 1 dra. sAyaNa bhASya, 35. dadAti hyasau aizvaryANi- ni.du.vR. 3saptama adhyAya yAdRgiva vai devebhya: karoti, tAdRgivAsmai devAH kurvanti- ai.vA. 3 / 6, 36. dIpyati hyasau tejo mayatvAt- ni.du.vR. 7 / 4, 37. R. 1|1|1-dr. (sAyaNa bhASya), 38. nandigrahipacAdibhyo lyuNinyaca 408:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ :- aSTA 3 / 1 / 134, 39. divu krIDAvijigISAvyavahArradyuti stutimodamadasvapna kAnti gatiSu dra. siddhA. kau. divA - 1, 40 dIvyate krIDate yasmAt dyotate rocate divi / tasmAt deva iti proktaH stUyate sarvadaiva saH / / (zruta), 41 tadAhuryadanyo juhotyatha yoDanucA''ha yajati ca kasmAttaM hotetyAcakSata iti / yadbhAva sa tanna yathAbhAjanaM devatA amumAvahAmumAvahe - tyAvAhayati tadeva hotu hatRtvaM hotA bhavati / aita. bA. 12, 42. aSTA 3 / 1 / 1133, 6|4|11, 43. tai. vA. 3 | 32110, go.vA. 1/1/13, 44. ekasmin bhartari yAsAM manAMsi vartante tAH samanasa:- ni. du.vR. 45. nirukta ke kucha saMskaraNoM meM vihamyati pATha milatA hai| isake lie draSTavya- niruktam- ( ma.ma. chajjUrAma zAstrI), 46. dra. hindI nirukta (pro. umAzaMkara zarmA RSi), 47. ni. 7 / 5, 48. na hi tadastijAtamasmin loke yadasau na veda sarvajJa ityartha: ni. du.vR. 7 / 5, 49. na tadasti jAtaM yasyodare jaTharAnalarUpeNAsau nAsti ni. du.vR. 7/5. 50. R. 1 / 1 / 13, dhanamicchet hutAzanAt lo. zru., 51. ni. 75, mai. saM. 182 52. udutyaM jAtavedasam sUryamuddhahantItyatra jAtavedAH sUryaH / yadyapi mantradarzanamaviziSTaM trayANAmapi jyotiSAM jAtavedastve, tathApi pArthivoDagniritasyA prasiddhayA vizeSyate jAtavedastvaM hi yathA prasiddhamasminnagnau na tathA vaidyute na tathA sUrye- ni. du.vR. 75, 53 . uNA. 4 / 189, 54. ni. 7 6, 55. vizvAni hyasau bhUtAni prati RtaH praviSTaH ityarthaH tasya vizvAnarasyApatyaM vaizvAnara :- ni. du.vR. 7 / 6, 56. naraM saMjJAyAm- aSTA 6 / 3 / 129, RSyaNa- aSTA 4 / 1 / 114, 57. yajimanizundhidasi janibhyo yuc- uNA. 3 / 20, 58. dasyuH pratyarthicaurayo : medinI ko. 115 / 30, 59. ni. 7 7, 60. aSTA. 5/2/94, 61. zvanukSan- uNA. 1 / 157, 62. amarakoSa 2 / 6 / 95, 63. zvan ukSan pUSan. uNA. 1 / 157 (muhyanyasminnAhate mUrdhA muherUpadhAyA dIrgho dho'ntAdezo ramAgamazca (si. kau.), 64. aditidevamAtA - ni.du.vR. 24, 65. strIbhyo Dhak - aSTA 4 / 1 / 120, 66. kSudhipizimithibhyaH kit- uNA. 3 / 55 . 409 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (kha) niruktake aSTama adhyAyake nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana nighuNTake paMcama adhyAyameM devatAoMke nAma saMkalita haiN| pariNAmataH ise daivata kANDa kahA gayA hai| ina nAmoMko cha khaNDoMmeM par3hA gayA hai| dvitIya khaNDameM13nAma haiN| ye sabhI nAma eka dUsareke paryAya nahIM balki svataMtra haiN| ina nAmoMke dvArA devatAoMkI stuti karanA yAskakA mUla uddezya hai| devatAoMkI stutimeM prayukta honeke kAraNaye kANDa daivata kANDa kahalAte haiN|yaaskne nighaNT paThita paMcama adhyAyake dvitIya khaNDameM prApta13nAmoMkA nirvacana to prastuta kiyA hI hai prasaMgataH prApta16atirikta zabdoMke nirvacana bhI prastuta kiye haiN| . aSTama adhyAyameM kula 29 nirvacana prApta hote hai jinameM 13 nighaNTu paThita tathA 16 prasaMgataH prApta haiN| sabhI nirvacana prakriyAkI dRSTise tathA bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise mahatvapUrNa haiN| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta nirvacanoMmeM draviNodA dhiSNyaH, vanaspatiH, vanam, ApriyaH, idhmaH, narAzaMsaH, varhiH, varIyaH, syonam, uSAsAnaktA, naktA, zukram, pezaH, bhAratI, AviH, cArUH, jima, rajiSTham tathA svAhA ullekhanIya hai| IlaH, tathA uruH zabdameM dhvanyAtmaka zaithilya hai| draviNasaH, tanunapAta,yahava, vitarama,dvAra: aura rajiSThama zabda bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise apUrNa haiN| vanaspatiH tathA idhma zabdoMke nirvacana AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita haiN| tannapAta zabdake nirvacanameM sambandhAtmaka AdhAra apanAyA gayA hai|uuruH evaMnaktA zabdake nirvacana dRzyAtmaka AdhAra para AdhRta haiN|shukr zabdameM sAdRzya kI parikalpanAkI gayI hai| isa adhyAyake pratyeka nirvacanoMkA pRthak mUlyAMkana draSTavya hai: (1) draviNodA :- isakA artha hotA hai - dhanadAtA yA bldaataa| niruktake anusAra - dhanaM draviNamucyate yadenamabhidravanti' arthAt dhanako draviNa kahA jAtA hai| isa dhana kI ora loga daur3ate haiN| isake anusAra draviNa zabdameM dru gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| yadenenAbhidravanti' arthAt isase yukta hokara loga gatiyukta hote haiN| isake anusAra bhI draviNa zabdameM dru gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| draviNam - tasya dAtA draviNodAH arthAt draviNa (dhana yA vala)+dAtA= draviNa -dAtA -(dA) -drvinnodaa| isameM draviNa dA dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana prakriyA para AdhArita hai| krauSTukiH ke anusAra draviNodAkA artha indra hai| AcArya zAkapUNiH draviNodA agniko kahate hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra dru dhAtuse inan pratyaya kara draviNa +dA + kvip pratyaya kara draviNodA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| niruktameM hI draviNodas ko Rtvija kahA gayA hai| 410:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (2) draviNasaH :- isakA artha hotA hai dhana cAhane vAle yA dhnse| yaha prathamAnta bahavacana hai yA paMcamyanta saant| niruktake anusAra * draviNasa iti draviNasAdina iti vA arthAta draviNa (dhana) kI prAptike lie jo kaSTa uThAte haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM draviNa+sAdinaH kA saH= draviNa+ saH= draviNasaH hai| draviNasAninaH iti vA arthAt dhanake yA haviH ke vibhAjana karane vAle hote hai| isake anusAra draviNa+SaNa sambhaktau dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna mAnA jAyagAdraviNa+SaNa drvinnsH| draviNasastasmAt pivatviti vA arthAt draviNataH paMcamyanta kA sAnta rUpa hai| jisakA artha hotA hai somase (somase apanA aMza lekara pAna kreN)| yahAM draviNa somakA vAcaka hai| uparyukta sabhI nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| (3) dhiSaNA :- dhiSaNA vANIkA vAcaka hai| dhiSaNAse bhAvArthameM yat pratyaya kara dhiSaNya: yA dhiSNyaH banAyA jA sakatA hai| dhiSaNAbhavaH= buddhise utpanna dhiSaNyaH yA dhiSNyaH kahalAtA hai| niruktake anusAra - dhiSaNyo dhiSaNA bhavaH arthAt dhiSaNAse yat pratyaya hokara hI dhiSaNya haA isake anusAra isakA artha hogA buddhi se utpnn| dhiSaNA vaagdhisserddhaatyrthe| arthAt dhiSaNA vAk ko kahate haiM yaha dhAraNArthaka dhiS dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotI hai kyoMki vANI dhAraNakI jAtI hai yA yaha arthako dhAraNa karatI hai| dhI sAdinItivA' arthAt yaha vANI jJAnako prApta karAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM dhIsaddhAtukA yoga hai -dhI+sadanA dhissnnaa| dhI sAninItivA' arthAt vaha bANI jJAnako dene vAlI hai| isake anusAra dhiSaNA zabdameM dhI+san sambhaktau dhAtukA yoga hai - dhI+sannA dhissnnaa| prathama nirvacana dhiS dhAtuse mAnA gayA hai| yaha dhAtuja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya evaM tRtIya nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| laukika saMskRtameM dhiSaNA zabdakA artha buddhi hotA hai jo vaidika zabdase hI vikasita hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra jidhRSA prAgalbhye dhAtuse yuc pratyaya kara ise niSpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM dhiSNayam kA prayoga sthAna, gRha, nakSatra, agni, zakti Adi artha meM hotA hai|10 (4) vanaspati :- yaha anekArthaka hai| vibhinna AcAryoM ke mata se isake vibhinna artha prApta hote haiN| nirukta ke anusAra - vanaspata ityena mAheSa hi vanAnAM pAtA vA pAlayitA vA arthAt agni ko hI vanaspati kahA gayA hai kyoMki agni vanoM evaM jala ke rakSaka haiM yA pAlana karane vAle haiN| yaha nirvacana 411: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase bhI ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| agara agnikA tApa na ho to vana pIle par3a jAe~ge tathA jala jama jaaygaa|11 AcArya yAskane niruktameM hI vanaspati ko auSadhi bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| inakA kahanA hai ki agni vanaspati evaM jalameM bhI vidyamAna haiM11 meghase auSadhiyAM aura vanaspatiyAM utpanna hotI haiM tathA inameM agni utpanna hotI hai|12 yAska R0 10 / 110 / 10 kI vyAkhyAne vanaspatikA artha gArhapatyAgni karate hai|13 punaH R0 9 / 4726 mantra kI vyAkhyA vanaspati kA artha lakar3IkA banA ratha bhI kiyA gayA hai|14 AcArya kAtthakya vanaspatiko yUpa kahate haiN| yUpakA artha yajJa stambha hotA hai - yUpa iti kAtyakya:13 AcArya zAkapUNi isakA artha agni mAnate haiM- agniriti zAkapUNi:13 zAkapUNi agniko devatAoMmeM pradhAna mAnate haiN| inake anusAra yUpa bhI agni hI hai| uparyukta nirvacanoMse spaSTa hotA hai ki yAska kisI zabdake nirvacanameM pUrva AcAryoke mata kA bhI upasthApana evaM sammAna karate haiN| yAskake anusAra vanaspati zabdameM van sambhaktau dhAtuse vana tathA pA rakSaNe yA pAlane dhAtuse pati zabdake donoM pada AkhyAtaja haiN| DA.varmA ise AkhyAtaja zabdoMse banA mAnate haiN|15 isa nirvacanakA AdhAra samAsakI prakriyA hai| laukika saMskRtameM vanaspatikA artha vanameM utpanna hone vAle apuSpa phalane vAle per3a paudhe haiN|16 vaidika saMskRtameM bhI per3a paudheke arthameM vanaspati zabdakA prayoga hotA hai|17 vyAkaraNake anusAra vanaspati van + patiH (suDAgama) vanaspati zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|18 (5) vanam :- isakA artha jala hotA hai| niruktake anusAra vanaM vanoteH1 arthAt yaha zabda vana sambhaktau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isakA sevana kiyA jAtA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM vana ke jala, jaMgala, nivAsa, ghara Adi artha hote haiN|19 vyAkaraNake anusAra van sambhaktau dhAtuse ghaJ0 yA ac21 pratyaya kara vana zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (6) Apriya :- isakA artha hotA hai AnI devtaagnn| yaha RcAkA nAma bhI hai| yaha prathamA kA bahuvacanAnta hai- aaprii-aapriyH| niruktake anusAra(1) Apnote:22 arthAt yaha zabda ApM vyAptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki ise devatA prApta karate haiM yA isase AprI devatA prApta hote haiN| (RcA artha meM) ApM vyAptau-AprI ApriyaH (2) prINAtervA arthAt yaha zabda A + prIJ dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki ina RcAoMse sukha evaM AnandakI prApti hotI hai| A + prIJ dhAtuse AtI zabdake nirvacana kI puSTi brAhmaNa grantha se 412: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhI hotI hai- AprIbhirAprINAti iti ca brAhmaNam arthAt AprI RcAoM se Anandita karatA hai|3 ina RcAoM se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa devatA loga bhI AprI kahalAte haiN|24 yAskakA dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| prathama nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra A+ prI + u + DIS AprI - ApriyaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|25 (7) idhma :- isakA artha hotA hai agni yA indhn| niruktake anusAratAsAmidhmaH prathamagAmI bhavati, idhmaH samindhanAt22 AprI devatAoMmeM prathama gAmI idhma haiN| jalane yA pradIpta hone ke kAraNa idhma kahA jAtA hai| agni tathA indhana donoM meM uparyukta guNa pAye jAte haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM indh dIptau dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| yaha dhAtuja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| AcArya kAtyakyane idhmako yajJa mAnA hai- yajJeghma itikaatyky:22| AcArya zAkaNi ne ighma ko agni kahA hai- agniriti shaakpuunniH|22 laukika saMskRta meM idhma zabdakA prayoga indhanake arthameM hotA hai|26 vyAkaraNake anusAra indhI dIptau dhAtuse mak pratyaya kara idhma zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|27 (8) tanUnapAt :- isakA artha ghRta evaM agni hotA hai| AcArya kAtyakya isakA artha ghRta karate haiM- tanUnapAdAjyamiti kAtyakyaH isake anusAra tanUnapAt zabda meM tanU +napAt do pada khaNDa haiN| napAt pautra yA nAtI kA vAcaka hai| napAdityananantarAyA: prajAyA nAmadheyaM nirNatatamA bhavaMti22 arthAt pitA kI anantara santAna putra tathA ananantara pautra hotI hai| yaha natatama hotA hai| pitAse nata putra tathA putrase nata pautra natatama huaa| tanU gau kA vAcaka hai- gauratra tnuuruucyte| tatA asyAM mogA:22 arthAt gAya meM bhoga vastueM cyApta rahatI haiN| tanU+napAta kA artha haA gAya kA pautrA tasyAH payo jAyate payasaH AjyaM jAyate21 arthAt gAyase dugdha utpanna hotA hai yaha gAyakA putra huA tathA dUdha se ghRta utpanna hotA hai yaha ghRta usakA pautra yA napAta haa| AcArya zAkapUNi tanUnapAt kA artha agni karate haiMagniriti shaakpuunniH|22 Apo'tra tanva ucyte| tatA antarikSe tAbhya auSadhivanaspatayo jAyanta auSadhi vanaspatibhya eSa jAyate22 arthAt tanU megha jalakA vAcaka hai kyoMki yaha antarikSa meM phailA rahatA hai| isase oSadhi evaM vanaspatiyAM utpanna hotI hai| yaha usakI putrI huI tathA vanaspatiyoM se agni utpanna hotI hai yaha vanaspatiyoM kI putrI, megha jala kI pautrI napAt huii|28 tanUnapAt sAmAsika zabda hai tanvA:napAt= tnuunpaat|is nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| isa nirvacanameM yAska apanA abhimata 413 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ pradarzana nahIM krte| agnike arthameM tanUnapAta zabdakA prayoga laukika saMskRtameM bhI prApta hotA hai|29 ise tanUM svazarIraM na pAti na rakSatIti tanUnapAt = agni (AzuvinAzitvAt) tanU + na + paa| athavA tanvA Una kRzaM pAtIti tnuupaat| tanUnapaM ghRtAdi tadatti iti tanUna pAt30 agniH| vyAkaraNake anusAra tanU+ na + pA + num = tanUnapAt zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|31 AcArya zAkapUNi evaM kAtthakya ke nirvacanoMkA AdhAra sambandhAtmaka lagatA hai| yAska ina AcAryoM kI kalpanAoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| (9) narAzaMsaH :- yaha anekArthaka hai| niruktameM isakA nirvacana yajJa tathA agnike arthameM prApta hotA hai| AcArya kAtyakya isakA artha yajJa karate haiM- narAzaMso yajJa iti kaatykyH| narA asminnAsInA: zaMzanti12 arthAt isa yajJameM baiThakara manuSya mantroccAraNa karate haiM, stuti karate haiN| ataH yajJa narAzaMsa kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM do pada khaNDa hai narA+ zaMsa-nR- nara narA + zaMs stutA =nraashNsH| AcArya zAkapUNi narAzaMsakA artha agni karate haiM- agniriti shaakpuunniH| naraiH prazasyo bhvti| naraiH manuSyaiH zasyate stUyate iti nraashNsH|22 arthAt vaha agni manuSyoMke dvArA prazasya hai yA loga usakI stuti karate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM nR- narA+zaMs stutau dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha sAmAsika zabda hai| uparyukta donoM nirvacanoMmeM arthAtmakatA pUrNa upayukta hai| vyAvahArikatA hI isakA pravala AdhAra hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhArase donoM nirvacana upayukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra- nR-nara +A+ zaMs stutau + ghaJ = narAzaMsaH banAyA jA sakatA hai| (10) Ila :- isakA artha agni hotA hai| niruktake anusAra- Ila: iTTe: stuti krmnnH| indhateri2 arthAt yaha zabda ID stutau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai kyoMki isakI stuti kI jAtI hai| athavA indhI dIptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha pradIpta hotA hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| do svaroM ke bIca sthita Da kA uccAraNa la (Da) ke rUpameM hotA hai|32 dvitIya nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka mahatva hai| isakA AdhAra svarUpAtmaka hai| isameM dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai| vaidika saMskRta kI D dhvani r3a evaM la ke rUpa meM rUpAntarita huI hai| r3a kI upalabdhi laukika saMskRtameM nahIM hotI hai| hindI bhASAmeM r3a evaM r3ha dhvaniyAM vaidika saMskRtase hI AyI haiN| 414 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (11) yahva :- yaha mahAn kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- yaha iti mahato nAmadheyaM yAtazca hUtazca bhavati22 arthAt yaha gayA huA evaM pukArA huA hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM do dhAtuoMkA yoga hai| yA prApaNe + hu dAnAdanayoH dhAtuoM ke yoga se yahvaH zabda banatA hai| ina donoM dhAtuoMke dhAtvAdi varNa hI zeSa rahate haiN| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| arthAtmaka saMgatike lie hI do dhAtuoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM manA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| (12) barhi :- yaha kuza evaM agnikA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - barhiH parivahaNAt22 arthAt yaha zabda vRha vRddhau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| bar3hane (vRddhi hone) ke kAraNa kuzako varhi kahA jAtA hai kuza yajJavedIkI cAro ora phailAyA jAtA hai| agni bhI bar3hI huI hotI hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM bhI isakA prayoga ukta arthoM meM prApta hotA hai|22 vyAkaraNake anusAra bRha vRddhau dhAtuse is pratyaya kara varhis zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|34 (13) bitaram :- isakA artha hotA hai khUba phailA huA, kAphI vistRt| niruktake anusAra- vitaram vikIrNataramitivA vistIrNataramitivA22 arthAt yaha vikIrNatara hotA hai yA vistIrNatara hotA hai| prathama nirvacanameM vi+kR vikSepe + kta= kIrNa+taram-vi+kIrNataram - vitaram tathA dvitIya nirvacana meM vistIrNa+taram vi+tRplavanasaMtaraNayo:+tINa+taram vistIrNataram vitaram hai| ina nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| donoM nirvacanoMmeM dhAtukA sarvApahArI lopa ho gayA hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise bar3e zabdoM ke kucha varNa lupta ho jAte haiM isakA kAraNa prayatna lAghava haiN| yAcAmi kA yAmi35 vaidika prayoga bhI isI prakAra kA hai| lagatA hai vikIrNataram yA vistIrNataram bhI isI prakAra prayatna lAghava ke pariNAma svarUpa vitaram ho gayA hai| (14) varIya :- isakA artha hotA hai adhika se adhika, bahuta adhik| niruktake anusAra varIyo varataramurutaraM vA22 arthAt yaha zabda varatara yA ustarakA vAcaka hai| urUtarakA varIya u se va yaNa kA pariNAma hai| yaNa vyAkaraNa kA pAribhASika zabda hai i u R lU kA ya va rala honA yaNa kahalAtA hai| antastha dhvaniyoMkA svarameM parivartana bhASA vaijJAnika AdhAra rakhatA hai| svara varNa bhI antastha varNameM parivartita ho jAte haiM jise hama samprasAraNa kI saMjJA dete haiN| yahAM tarap ke yoga meM hI Iyas pratyaya hue haiN| yAska nirvacana 415:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ pradarzana meM Iyas pratyayako spaSTa nahIM karate haiN| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vara+Iyasun yAUru + Iyasun 36 pratyaya kara varIyas-varIya: banAyA jA sakatA hai|laukik saMskRtameM varIyAn zabdakA prayoga do meM ekakI uttamatA pradarzanameM hotA hai| zabdakA samAnArthI prayoga avestAmeM bhI prApta hotA hai| grIkameM bhI eurus zabdaisI arthameM prApta hote haiM / 37 (15) dvAra :- isakA artha hotA hai daravAjA / niruktake anusAra dvAro javatervA dravatervA vArayatervA22 arthAt dvAra zabda judhAtuse yA dru dhAtuse yA vAri dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| ju evaM dru kA artha hai gati tathA vAri kA artha hai nivAraNa | dvAra Ane jAnekI gatise yukta hotA hai| vArike anusAra yaha anya ke pravezakA niSedha karatA hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise sabhI nirvacana apUrNa haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| kAtthakyake anusAra dvArakA tAtparya gRha-dvAra se hai| zAkapUNike anusAra dvArakA tAtparya agnise hai| agni hI haviH gamanakA dvAra hai arthAt amnike mAdhyamase anya devatAoM ke pAsa haviH dI jAtI hai| vAri dhAtuke anusAra yajJAgnise rogakA nivAraNa hotA hai| kiMcit dhvanyantarake sAtha aMgrejI bhASAmeM bhI yaha zabda Door prApta hotA hai| grIka kA Thura dvArake adhika nikaTa hai| isakA vivecana dvitIya adhyAya meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| (16) syonam :- isakA artha sukha yA vizrAnti hotA hai| niruktake anusArasyonamiti sukhanAma, syateravasyantyetat sevitavyaM bhavatItikA22 arthAt syonam zabda so'ntakarmaNi dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isa sukhako jIvanakA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai kyoMki prANI isameM vizrAma karate haiM athavA sabake dvArA sevanIya hai| so dhAtuse niSpanna isa zabdakA AdhAra dhAtuja hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / sevitavyaM bhavati isake dvArA sev dhAtuse bhI syonam ke nirvacanakA saMketa prApta hotA hai| isameM mAtra arthAtmakatA hI surakSita rahatI hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra siv vAhulakAt kevalo'pi naH UDAdezo guNazcasyonam banAyA jA sakatA hai|38 (17) uru:- isakA artha hotA hai jAMgha / niruktake anusAra varataramaMgamuru22 arthAt yaha zarIra ke anya aMgoMkI apekSA sundara zreSTha hotA hai| isake anusAra vara se hI uru mAnA gyaa| va kA u samprasAraNake dvArA huaa| va kA u honA yadyapi bhASA vaijJAnika mahattva rakhatA hai phira bhI varase uru mAnane meM dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai / yAska kA yaha nirvacana dRzyAtmaka AdhAra 416: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anusAra aJ AcchAdane dhAtuse ku29 pratyaya (nu lopa hasva) kara uru zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (18) uSAsAnaktA :- isakA artha hotA hai uSA evaM raatri| ye AprI devatAoMmeM parigaNita haiN| niruktake anusAra- uSAsAnaktoSAzca naktA ca kA uSAsA40 Adeza hokara uSAzca naktA ca uSAsAnaktA ho gayA hai| isa nirvacanakA AdhAra sAmAsika hai| dvandva samAsa karane para uSAsAnaktA ho gayA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI uSAzca naktA ca uSAsAnaktA (devatA dvandve)41 dvandva samAsa hogaa|40 (19) naktA :- yaha satrikA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- nakteti rAtri nAma anakti bhUtAni avazyAyena22 arthAt naktA zabdameM aJja vyaktimrakSaNa kAntigatiSa dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki yaha rAta sabhI prANiyoMko bhUta padArthako osase lIpatI hai- na + aktA=(aj+kta) akta kA a lopa karane para na+ kta= naktam (2) api vA naktA avyaktavarNA22 arthAt isameM na+aJ dhAtukA yoga hai| rAtri meM kinhI bhI vastuoMkA svarUpa spaSTa nahIM hotaa| phalata: avyakta varNA a+na+kta-nakta mAnA gayA hai| yaha nirvacana dRzyAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| prathama nirvacana vayAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| dvitIya nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNameM naktam zabda avyaya hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra onasjI vrIDe dhAtuse tamu42 pratyaya kara naktam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| AMgla bhASAkA Night zabda nakta kA hI vikAsa hai| ka kA ga meM parivartana honeke calate Night ho gayA hai|43 (20) zukram :- isakA artha hotA hai - shukl| nirakA ke anusAra zukra zocatecalatikarmaNa:22 arthAt zukra zabda jvalatyarthaka zuc dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| yaha zukla hotA hai, dIpta hotA hai| zuc-zukram-ra kA la hokara zukrakA hI zukla bhI ho jAtA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| niruktameM hI zukrakA artha vIrya bhI prApta hai|44 lagatA hai yahAM varNa sAdRzya hI AdhAra hai| dhAtukA zuklatva sAdRzya hai| laukika saMskRtameM yaha zabda puliMgameM- zukrAcArya, jyeSThamAsa, vaizvAnara tathA napuMsaka liMgameM- vIrya, akSiroga bheda AdikA vAcaka hai|45 vyAkaraNake anusAra zuc dhAtu se rak pratyaya kara zukram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|46 (21) peza :- yaha rUpakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- "peza iti rUpa 417:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nAma pizatercipizitaM bhavati" arthAt peza lpakA nAma hai| yaha zabda piz avayade dIpanAyAM ca dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha vikasita hotA hai yA prakAzita (dIpta) hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| mASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra piz + ghaJ pratyaya kara peza: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (22) bhAratI :- bhAratI Aditya jyotiko kahate haiN| yaha tIna deviyoMmeM eka hai| tIna deviyAM mAratI (jyoti) iDA (agni) tathA sarasvatI (vidyuta) haiN| niruktake anusAra bhAratI-bharata AdityastasyamA :22 arthAt bharata Adityako kahate haiM kyoMki ve sabhI prANiyoMkA bharaNapoSaNa karate haiN| Aditya jalase bharaNa poSaNakA kArya karate haiM jala bananeke mukhya kAraNoMmeM Aditya pradhAna kAraNa haiN| phalata: bharatakA artha bharaNa vAlA sUrya mAnA gayA hai|48 usa sUryakI dIptiko bhAratI kheNge| mR-bhrtbhaartii| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM bhAratI zabda vANI tathA sarasvatI ke nAma ke rUpa meM vizeSakara vyavahRta hotA hai| uparyukta nirvacanase hI isa bhAratI zabdakI bhI siddhi hogI, kyoMki bhAratI sarasvatI jJAnase sabhI prANiyoM ko puSTa karatI hai, jJAna sampanna banAtI hai| vaidika bhAratI zabdakA laukika saMskRta meM artha vistAra dekhA jAtA hai| karma sAdRzya hI isakA mUla AdhAra hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhR + atac DIp pratyaya kara bhAratI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (23) tvaSTA :- AprI devatAoM meM eka kA nAma tvaSTA bhI hai| AprI devatA pRthvI sthAnIya haiN| tvaSTAkA artha hotA hai zIghra phailane vaalaa| nirukta ke anusAra tvaSTA tUrNamaznuta iti nairuktA:12 arthAt nirukta sampradAya vAloM ke anusAra tUrNa+ az vyAptI dhAtuke yogase tvaSTA zabda niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki tvaSTA zIghra phailane vAle hote haiN| (2) tviServAsyAd dIpti karmaNa:22 arthAt yaha zabda dIptyarthaka tviS dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai- tviS tvptt-tvssttaa| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA kAntise ykt| yaha kAntimAna agnike artha meM bhI saMgata hai tathA AdeivatA ke artha meM bhii| (3) tvakSatervA syAt karoti karmaNa:22arthAt karanA artha rakhane vAlI tvakS dhAtuke yoga se yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai-tvkss-tvssttaa| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA karane vAlA yA saamrthyvaan|tviss dhAtuse isakA nirvacana mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hogaa| arthAtmaka dRSTise sabhI nirvacana upayukta haiN| dvitIya nirvacana bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se saMgata hai|laukik saMskRtameM tvaSTAkA prayoga devazilpI,bar3haI tathA 418 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ Aditya bheda (sUrya) ke arthameM hotA hai|49 AcArya zAkapUNi tvaSTAkA artha agni karate haiM agniriti zAkapUNi:12 prathama evaM dvitIya nirvacanake anusAra bhI tvaSTA agnikA vAcaka hai kyoMki agni zIghra hI vyApta ho jAtI hai tathA kAnti yukta hotI hai| agnike artha meM tvaSTAkA prayoga RgvedameM bhI prApta hotA hai|50 kucha AcAryoMke anusAra tvaSTA antarikSa (madhyama) sthAnIya mAne jAte haiM kyoMki nighaNTumeM ve madhya sthAnIya devatAoMmeM gine jAte haiN|51 madhyasthAnIya tvaSTA vAyukA vAcaka hai| bar3haIke arthameM tvaSTAkA nirvacana tvakSa tanUkaraNe dhAtuse mAnA jAyagA kyoMki bar3haI lakar3I chIlanemeM dakSa hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra tvakS tanUkaraNe dhAtuse tRc pratyaya kara tvaSTa-tvaSTA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| ni. 4 / 4 meM tvaSTA sUryakA tathA 1013 meM vAyukA vAcaka hai| (24) Avi :- yaha prakAza yA prakaTaMkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra AvirAvedanAta arthAt yaha zabda A + vida dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| yaha Avedana karane vAlA hai yA prakaTa hone vAlA hai, sabako prakAzita karane vAlA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra A+ ava+ isana pratyaya kara Avis zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|52 laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prakaTa arthameM hI pAyA jAtA hai tathA yaha avyaya ke rUpameM prayukta hotA hai|53 (25) cArU :- isakA artha hotA hai sundr| niruktake anusAra cArU: carate:22 arthAt cArU zabda car gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki sundara vastu citrameM gati karatI hai yA sundaratA cittako prabhAvita karatI hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra car gatau dhAtuse zuN54 pratyaya kara cArU zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| AMgla bhASAkA Charm zabda isI cArU kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| - (26) jihyam :- yaha kuTilakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-jihma jihIte: arthAt jihya zabda hAG gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| kuTila gamana karane vAlA jihma kahalAtA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga kuTila arthake atirikta manda tathA tagara vRkSavizeSake lie bhI hotA hai|55 vyAkaraNake anusAra hA + man kara jihma zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|56 (27) rajiSTham :- isa kA artha hotA hai - saralatama, sundaratama, 419:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ rjsvltm| niruktake anusAra-rajiSTairRtutamaiH rajasvalatamaiH prapiSTatamairiti vApa7arthAt yahazabda Rju +tam(iSThan pratyaya) rajasvala-raja+ tam tathA prapiSTa +tama se niSpanna mAnA gayA hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| antima nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa hai| (28) svAhA :- devatAoMko havi pradAna karaneke samaya kahA jAne vAlA zabda svAhA kahA jAtA hai| niruktake anusAra-svAhetyetat1 -s Aheti vA57 arthAt sundara khaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM su+ Aha zabdakA yoga hai| 2. svAvAgAheti vApa7arthAt apane hRdayakI vANIko kahatA hai,yAhRdayastha bhAvako vANI dvArA prakaTa karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM skaAhakA yoga hai| 3. svaM prAhetivA57 arthAta apane ko hI kahatA hai, apanI vastuko hI grahaNa karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM sva + prAha zabdakA yoga hai| 4-svAhutaM havirjuhotIti vA57 arthAt acchI prakAra svaccha kI gayI havana sAmagrIse havana karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM su+A+hu dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama, dvitIya evaM caturtha nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ye nirvacana saMgata haiN| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| amarakoSake anusAra svAhA agni kI strIkA nAma bhI hai|58 vyAkaraNava anusAra su + Aha (vac)+ ac=svAhA,su+A+ hU+ DA svAhA athavA svAd + A(da kA ha)= svAhA banAyA jA sakatA hai|58 : sandarbha saMketa :1.ni. 8 / 1, 2. indra itikrauSTuki:- sa vala dhanayotRtamastasya ca sarvA valakRtiH- ni: 8 / 1, 3. aymevaagnidrvinnodaaitishaakpuunniH| AgneyeSveva hi sUkteSu draviNodasA: pravAdAH bhvnti-ni.8|1, 4. drudakSibhyAminan- uNA. 2 / 51, 5.yatho etadagni drAviNodasamAhetvRtvijo'tra dravinodasa ucyate haviSo dAtAraste cainaM jnynti-ni:8|1,6.aajjsersuk aSTA 7 / 1 / 50,7. dhiSaNA cavAgmavati dadhAtyarthe vartamAnAt dhisse:| sA hi arthAn dhaaryti| ni.du.vR. 8 / 1, 8.am.ko.1|5|1, 9 dhRSerdhiS ca saMjJAyAm -uNA.2282, 10. dhiSNyaM sthAnegRhebhe'gno-ama. ko.3|3|155, 11.yo'yamRbIse pRthivyA magniranta rauSadhi vanaspatiSvAsu tamunninyathuH ni.66, 12. Apo'tra tanva ucyte| tatA antriksse| tAmya oSadhivanaspatayo jAyanta oSadhivanaspatibhya eSa jaayte| ni.8|2, 13.8 / 3, 14. ni. 9 / 2, 15. dI iTimolojIja 420:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ Apha yAska, pR. 91, 16. tairapuSpAdanaspatiH ama.ko. 2 / 4 / 6, 17. R. 10 / 110 / 10, 18. pAraskara prabhRtIni- aSTA. 6 / 1 / 157,19. vanaM napuMsake nIre nivAsAlaya kaannemedi.ko.84|19,20. hlshc-assttaa.3|3|121, 21. kartari pacAdyac- assttaa.3|1|134,22.ni.8|2,23.ai.vaa. 2 / 4 / 1, kauSitakI brA 103, 24.AprI devatAoM kI saMkhyA bAraha hai- 1.idhma, 2. tanUnapAta, 3. narAzaMsa, 4. iMdra, 5.vArhiNa , 6.dvAra,7.uSAsAnaktA , 8.devyAhotArA,9tistrodevI,10 .tyaSTA-,11. vanaspati, 12.svAhAkRtayaH ,25.SidagaurAdibhyazca- aSTA. 4 / 1 / 41, 26. ama. ko.2|4|13,27. iSiyadhIndhidasizyAdhUsUbhyomaka-uNA.1142, 28. ni.du.. 8|2,29.am.ko.1|1|53,30.am. ko. (rAmAzramI TIkA) 1 / 1 / 53, 31. ugidacAm- aSTA. 7 / 170,32. ajmadhyastha DakArasya lakAraM vhcaajguH| ajmadhyastha DhakArasya lahakAraM vai ythaakrmm||) R.11|1 sAyaNa bhASya) DaDhau la lhAvekeSAm zu.yaju. prA. 4146. 33. ama.ko. 1 / 1 / 54, medi. ko. 17226,34. vRhernlopshc-unnaa.2|109,35.ni.22,36. dvivacana vibhajyopapade taravIyasunau. assttaa.5|3|57,37. ni.mI.-pR.212,38. zabdakalpadrama-bhAga 5 pR.465,39.mahati hrasvazca- unnaa.1|31,40. ussaasosss:assttaa.6|3|31,41. devatAdvandve ca assttaa.63|26,42. ama.ko. 346 (rAmA. TI .pra.), 43. yahAM grima niyama-(Grim's Law) kA samarthana prApta nahIM hotaa|,44.shkraatireke pumAna bhavati-ni.14/1,45.zakra: syAdabhArgavejyeSThamAse vaizvAnare pumaan| retoDakSirUgbhido: klIvam .. .me.di.ko. 129 / 92-93, 46. Rjendra.. uNA. 2 / 28, 47. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 18, 48. udakena sarvabhUtAnAM bharaNAt bharata: sUrya :- ni.du.vR. 82, 49. tvaSTA pumAn devazilpi tkssnnoraaditybhidypi-medi.ko.34|16,50.R.1955, 51. mAdhyami kastvaSTetyAha: madhyameca sthAne samAmnAta:- ni.82 tvaSTA rUpa vikartA ca yo'sau mAdhyamike gnne| stuta:sa ca nipAtena sUktaM tasya na vidyte|| vR.de. 3125,52. vAca. pRSTha-830, 53. abhi. cintA. ko.6|175, 54. dusanijani- uNA. 13,55. jihmastu kuTile mande jihaoN tgrpaadpe-haiN| 2 / 327,56. jahAte: sanvadAlopazca-uNA. 1 / 138, 57. ni. 83, 58. ama.ko. 2781, 59. pRSodarAditvAt- aSTA. 6 / 3 / 109 (hasya daH) (ga) niruktake navama adhyAya ke nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana nighaNTu paThita daivata kANDa nighaNTuke pAMcaveM adhyAyameM cha khaNDoMmeM paThita haiN| prathama evaM dvitIya khaNDa kramazaH niruktake saptama tathA aSTama adhyAyoMmeM vivecita hue haiN| tRtIya khaNDa navama adhyAyameM vivecita huA hai| 421:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyake tRtIya khaNDameM 36 zabda saMkalita hai| ye sabhI zabda devatAoMkI stutimeM prayukta haiM sAtha hI ye eka dUsare ke paryAya nahIM balki svataMtra haiN| niruktake navama adhyAyameM kula 76 nirvacana prApta hote haiN| ina nirvacanoM meM yAskane nighaNTuke daivata kANDake tRtIya khaNDameM paThita 36 zabdoMke nirvacana to prastuta kie hI haiM prasaMgata: prApta 40 anya zabdoMkI bhI vyAkhyA kI hai| sabhI nirvacana bhASA vijJAna evaM nirvacana prakriyAke anusAra mahattvapUrNa haiN| devatAoMke nAmoMke nirvacanase unake svarUpa itihAsa, karma tathA nivAsa AdikA saMketa spaSTa hotA hai| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise navama adhyAyake sarvathA pUrNa nirvacanoM meM vAri, zakuni, maMgala,gRtsamadaH, maNDUkaH, maNDaH, akSA:, iriNam, maujavataH, muJja, iSIkA, vibhIdaka:, jAgRviH, grAvANaH, ghoSa: nArAzaMsaH, atUrta:, ratha:, dundubhiH iSudhiH, saMkA, hastaghnaH, pumAn, dhanuH, jyA, iSuH kazA, sakthi:, jaghanam, AjeH,subharvam,pradhanam, drughaNa:, pRtanAjyam, mudgalaH, bhRmyazvaH pituH, taviSI, gaMgA, sarasvatI,maruddhRdhA,ArjikIyA, vipAT, suSomA, Apa:, auSadhi:, araNyAnI, zraddhA,RkSaraH,kaNTakaH,agnAyI, musalam, havirdhAne, ArlI, zunAsIro, devIyoSTrI, devI UrjAhutI zabda parigaNita haiN| ina zabdoMke eka se adhika bhInirvacana prApta hote haiN| kucha zabdoMke ekAdhika nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa bhI haiN| " bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa nirvacana haiM- zlokaH, bAlaH, cizcA, zutudrI, paruSNI, asiknI evaM vitastA / dhvanyAtmaka zaithilya vAle nirvacana- maNDUkaH, grAvANaH,zlokaH,bAlaH, sthaH, mudgalaH, yamunA, zutudrI, paruSNI, asiknI, araNyAnI aura ArlI haiN|yaaskne azva:, sukham, abhIzavaH, vRSama:, sindhuH rAtriH, pRthivI, apvA, dhAvApRthivI, vipATazutudrI Adi zabdoMke nirvacanameM pUrvavyAkhyAta kahakara kAma calA liyA hai| vastuta: ina zabdoMke nirvacana pUrva hI kie jA cuke haiN| yAska maMgala zabdake nirvacanameM aMgala zabdako upasthApita karate haiN| aMgala se maMgala zabdameM Adi vyaMjanAgama mAnA jAyagA / zakuni zabdake nirvacanameM sAMskRtika AdhArako apanAyA gayA hai| dundubhiH zabdakA nirvacana zabdAnukaraNa para AdhArita hai| dumdum zabda isa vAdya vizeSase nikalatA hai| phalata: ise dundubhi: kahate haiN| dundubhi zabdake nirvacanoMmeM sAdRzya evaM dhAtuja siddhAntakA bhI Azraya liyA gayA hai| vitastA evaM vipAT nadiyoMke nirvacana aitihAsika mahattva rakhate haiN| kRnta se kaNTaka zabda meM mUrdhanyIkaraNa kA siddhAnta pratipAdita hai| isa adhyAyake pratyeka zabdoMkA nirvacana draSTavya hai : 422: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (1) vAri :- yaha jalakA vAcaka hai| nirukttake anusAra pAri pArayati athAta yaha pyAsa vAraNa karatA hai jala pyAsa bujhAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vR AvaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra vR+Nic +ira pratyaya kara vAri zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| AMgla bhASAkA Water zabda vAri kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| (2) zakuni :- isakA artha pakSI hotA hai| niruktake anusAra- zaknotyunnetu mAtmAnam1 arthAt vaha apane ko Upara le jAnemeM samartha hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM zaka zaktI evaM nI dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) zaknoti naditamitivA1 arthAt vaha avyakta zabda karanemeM samartha hai| isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM zak evaM nad dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) zaknoti takiMtumiti vA' arthAt vaha gamana karane meM samartha hai| isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM zak dhAtukA hI yoga hai| (4) sarvataH zaMkaro'stviti vA' arthAt yaha sabhI orase kalyANa karane vAlI hai aisI saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM zam+ kR dhAtukA yoga hai zaMkarase hI zakuni mAnA gayA hai| (5)zaknoMte arthAt vaha sAmarthyayukta hai| isake anusAra bhI isa zabdameM zak dhAtukA yoga hai| uparyukta nirvacanoMmeM caturtha ke atirikta sabhImeM zak dhAtukA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase cAroM upayukta haiN| caturtha nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| DA. varmA bhI zakuni zabdake nirvacanako bhASA vijJAnake anukUla mAnate haiN| caturtha nirvacanako chor3a kara sabhI nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake anusAra saMgata hai| caturtha nirvacanakA sAMskRtika AdhAra hai| pakSiyoMse zubhAzubha zakunakA saMketa jyotiSa zAstra sambaddha hai| zakuna (nimitta) sUcaka honeke kAraNa zakuni khlaayaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra zaktRzaktau dhAtuse uni pratyaya kara zakuni zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (3) maMgalam :- yaha kalyANa vAcaka zabda hai| niruktake anusAra (1) maMgalaM giraterguNAtyarthe arthAt yaha zabda gRNAtyarthaka gR dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha stuti sambaddha hai|mN+gR gara-gala mNglm| (2) giratyanAnitivA' arthAt yaha zabda gR nigaraNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha anarthoM ko nigala jAtA hai| maM+gR-gara-gala mNglm| (3) aMgalamaMgavat arthAta aMga se yukta aMga / ra (matvarthIya)= aNgr| rako la kara * aMgalA aMgala ke AdyakSara a ko ma meM pariNata kara maMgala zabda banAyA gyaa| dadhi, akSata, madhu Adiko aMga mAnA gayA hai| ye sabhI maMgalake aMga haiM ata: aMga-aMgara aNgl-mNgl| (4) majjayati pApakamiti nairuktA' arthAt nirukta sampradAya ke anusAra 423:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yaha pApa ko DubA detA hai, samApta kara detA hai ataH ise maMgala kahate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM masja zuddhau dhAtukA yoga hai| masja+alac= mNglm| (5) mAM gacchatviti vA arthAt mujhako prApta ho aisA artha honeke kAraNa maMgala khlaayaa| isake anusAra mAM+ gam dhAtuke yogase isako vyutpanna mAnA jaaygaa| maam+gm+ddlcumNglm| aMtima nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| ise bhASA vijJAnake anusAra saMgata mAnA jAyagA! zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| aMgalase maMgala zabda mAnane meM Adi vyaMjanAgama mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra maMgi sapaNe dhAtuse alac10 pratyaya kara maMgalam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (4) gRtsamada :- yaha eka RSikA nAma hai| nirukttake anusAra- gRtsamado gRtsamadana:1 arthAt gRtsamadana hI gRtsamada kahalAtA hai| gRtsa ilimedhAvi nAma gRNAte: stutikarmaNa:1 arthAt yaha medhAvIkA vAcaka hai kyoMki yaha zabda stutyarthaka gR dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| jo vyakti medhAvI evaM harSAlu ho use gRtsamada kahA jAyagA- gRtsazca asau madanazceti gRtsamadanaH mRtsmdH| isa nirvacanakA AdhAra samAsa hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (5) maNDUkA :- isakA artha hotA hai meddhk| niruktake anusAra- maNDUkA majjUkA majjanAt arthAt maNDUka majjUka (meDhaka) ko kahA jAtA hai kyoMki ye pAnImeM nimagna rahate haiN| masj dhAtuke yogase niSpanna majjUka zabda hI maNDUka bana gyaa| majjUkase maNDUkameM ja varNa kA u meM parivartana tathA anunAsikIkaraNa haA hai| (2) madatervA modatikarmaNa:1 arthAt moda artha vAle madI dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna huA hai,kyoMki vaha sadA Anandita rahatA hai-12 madIharSe-mad + UkaNa11 =maNDUkA (3) mandatervA tRptikarmaNa: arthAt yaha zabda tRptyarthaka manda dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai manda- maNDa + UkaNa = mnndduukH| maNDUka jalameM nimagna rahane para tRpta rahatA hai santuSTa rahatA hai|13 (4) maNDayateriti vaiyAkaraNA:1 arthAt vaiyAkaraNa ise maDi bhUSAyAM harSe ca dhAtuse niSpanna mAnate hai- mar3a +UkaJ14 =mnnddkH| yaha varSA kAlakA bhUSaNa hai yA varSAkAlako vibhUSita karatA hai| durgAcAryakA kahanA hai ki ve aneka citroMse vibhUSita hote haiN|15 maNDa eSAmokaH iti vA' arthAt isakA oka (nivAsa sthAna) maNDa- (jala) hotA hai phalata: maNDa+oka se maNDUka mAnA gyaa| prathama tIna nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka audAsinyase yukta haiN| arthAtmaka AdhAra inakA saMgata hai| caturtha nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra maND + 424:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ UkaN 14 se maNDUka zabda banAyA jAtA hai| (6) maNDa :- yaha jalakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-maNDo made vA mudervA arthAt maNDa zabda harSa artha rakhane vAlA mad yA mud dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki jalase snAna pAnAdike dvArA harSakI prApti hotI hai| ataH mad yA mud- se bhaNDa bnaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (7) akSA :- isakA artha hotA hai juA khelanekA pAzA / niruktake anusAra akSA aznuvata enAniti arthAt dyutakrIr3AmeM loga ina pAzoMko apanA lete haiM yA khelane vAle ise apane hAthameM rakha lete haiM / 16 isake anusAra isa zabdameM azUG vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai- az+sa: = akSa: / (2) abhyaznuvata ebhiriti vA arthAt isase juArI loga dhanase yukta ho jAte haiM yA isake calate juArI durgatiyoMse vyApta rahate haiN| isameM bhI azUG vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| ina nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| DA. varmA bhI ise sarvathA saMgata mAnate haiN| 17 vyAkaraNake anusAra akS vyAptau dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara akSa: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 18 (8) iriNam :- isakA artha hotA hai jala rahita prdesh| niruktake anusAra (1) iriNaM niRNam RNAterapArNaM bhavati arthAt Rgatau dhAtuke yogase RN zabda niSpanna huA- apa+RNa apArNam / apa kA nir hokara nir + RNam =nirRNam punaH nir kA na lopa hokara iriNam huaa| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA gatyAtmakatAkI prismaapti| (2) aparatA asmAdoSadhaya iti vA arthAt ina sthAnoM se oSadhiyAM calI jAtI hai| jala rahita sthAnameM oSadhiyAM nahIM panapatI / isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra R gatau-ina kicca = iriNam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 19 (9) maujavata :- isakA artha hotA hai mUjavAna parvata para utpnn| niruktake anusAra maujavatau bhUjavati jAtaH arthAt mujavAna parvata para utpnn| yaha taddhitAnta pada hai| mUjavAn+taddhita aN pratyaya = maujavataH / mUjavAn parvata somalatAkA udgama sthala mAnA jAtA thaa| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI mUjavAn+aN=maujavata: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (10) muJja :- yaha mUMja ( sarakaNDe se prApta hone vAlA) kA vAcaka hai| 425: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ niruktake anusAra muo vimucyata ipIkayA arthAt izIkayA sIkase yaha nikalA rahatA hai| yA alaga ho jAtA hai| phalataH yaha mua kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM muc mokSaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| muc dhAtuse mua zabda mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata pratIta hotA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra muMja+ac pratyaya kara mua zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| yajJopavIta saMskArameM muMjakI mekhalAkA prathama upayoga zAstra vihita hai|21 (11) isIkA :- isakA artha sIMka hotA hai| niruktake anusAraipIkesatergatikarmaNa: arthAt ipIkA zabda gatyarthaka iS dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha muJja se nikalI hotI hai| iyamapItareSIketasmAdeva arthAt vANa halISA Adi ArthoM vAlI ipIkA bhI isI prakAra niSpanna hogii| yahAM sAdRzya hI AdhAra hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra iS gatau+ikan pratyaya kara isIkA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (12) vimIdaka :- yaha baher3AkA vAcaka hai| nirukttake anusAra vibhIdako vimedanAt arthAt yaha zabda vibhid vidAraNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| vimedana arthAt koSTa zuddhike kAraNa ise vibhIdaka kahA jAtA hai yA ise bhedana kiyA jAtA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagAAvyAkaraNake anusAra vi + bhI+kta bhIta-ivArthe kan = vimItakaHzabda banAyAjA sakatA hai|22(vishessenn bhItaiva) vibhIdakake bIjakA prayoga vaidikakAlameM juA khelameM akSake rUpameM hotA thaa|22 (13) jAgRvi:- isakA artha hotA hai jagAne vaalaa| niruktake anusAra jAgRvi:jAgaraNAt arthAt jAgaraNa karaneke kAraNa jAgRviHzabda bnaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM jAgRjAgaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai|iskaa dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai|bhaassaavijnyaanke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (14) grAvANa :- yaha zilA kA vAcaka hai| grAvan zabda kA bahabacanAnta grAvANaH hotA hai| niruktake anusAra grAvANohantervA arthAta grAvANa: zabda handhAtu ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isase AghAta kiyA jAtA hai| han dhAtukA gra Adeza kara gra-kvanip =graavn-graavaa-graavaannH| (2) gRNAtervA arthAt yaha zabda gR zabde dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai gR+vanip-grAvan- graavaa-graavaannH| patthara paraspara saMgharSase zabda karate haiN| (3) gRhaNAtervA arthAt isa zabdameM graha upAdAne dhAtu kA yoga hai graha+vanip- graavn-graaNvaa-graavaannH| ise loga grahaNa kie rahate haiN| prathama evaM tRtIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya se 426:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ yukta haiN| zeSa nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra dvitIya nirvacana saMgata mAnA jAyagA vyAkaraNake anusAra grasu adane dhAtuse Da:23 pratyaya kara yA gRvan sambhaktau zabde ca se grAvan zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskake samaya pattharakA prayoga vividha rUpoMmeM hotA thaa| loga ise vividha upayogake lie apane hAthoMmeM rakhate the| yuddhake lie isakA adhika prayoga hotA thaa| ina sabhI arthoMko spaSTa karaneke lie yAskane vividha dhAtuoMkI kalpanA kI hai| (15) zloka :- isakA artha hotA hai zravaNayogya, padya, chnd| niruktake anusAra zlokaH zRNote: arthAt yaha zabda zru zravaNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA haizru-zroka-zloka zrUyate iti zloka: ra kA la meM parivartana ho gayA hai| ra kA la honA bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| isa nirvacanakA arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zloka saMghAte dhAtuse ac24 yA ghaJpratyaya kara zlokaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM bhI yaha zabda padyavandha vazyA yazake arthameM prayukta hotA hai|5 anuSTup chanda zlokake nAmase bhI abhihita hai16 vAlmIkike mukhase prathama zloka anuSTupmeM hI niklaa|27 ... (16) ghoSa :- yaha AvAjakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra ghoSo ghuSyate: arthAt yaha zabda ghuS vizabdane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki yaha dhvaniyukta hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| mASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ghuS dhAtuse ghac pratyaya kara ghoSaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga AbhIra pallIke arthameM bhI hotA hai|28 gopAlakoMkI dhvani vizeSa bhI ghoSake nAmase jJAta hotA hai| . (17) nArAzaMsa :- yaha kucha mantroMke samudAyakA nAma hai| niruktake anusArayena narAH prazaMsyante sa nArAzaMso mantraH arthAt jina mantroM se manuSyoMkI prazaMsA kI jAya use narAzaMsa mantra kahA jAtA hai tathA narAzaMsa hI nArAzaMsa kahalAtA hai| yaha nirvacana taddhita para AdhArita hai| artha spaSTa karanA hI mAtra isa nirvacanakA uddezya hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra-nara+ A-zaMs-karmaNi ghaJ-narAzaMsa: aNa=nArAzaMsa: banAyA jAtA hai|29 bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (18) bAla :- yaha bAlaka kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) vAlo valavartI bhartavyo bhavati arthAt valavAna ke saMrakSaNameM rahane ke kAraNa bAla kahalAtA hai tathA vaha bharaNa poSaNake yogya hotA hai| valavartIse vAlaH yA bhR 427:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dhAtuse bhara-bhAra-bAra-bAla: bhR-bhArya: vAla: mAnA jA sakatA hai| (2) ambA'smA alaM bhavatIti vA athavA mAtA hI isake lie paryApta hotI hai| isake anusAra isa nirvacanameM amvA+ ala= amvAlam bAla: mAnA gayA hai| (3) ambA asmai balaM bhavatItivA athavA bacce ke lie mAtA hI bala hotI hai| isake anusAra isa nirvacanameM ambA+balubAla zabda banA(4)balo vA pratiSedhavyavahita: athavA balakA pratiSedha abala tathA abalakA a bala madhyastha hokara abala ba + a + la- baalH| arthAt jise apanA bala nahIM hotA yA jo abala hotA hai| uparyukta sabhI nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhate haiN| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra kisIkA bhI pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| antima nirvacana bal dhAtuse mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka saMgati hogI lekina yAskane arthako dhyAnameM rakhakara hI bAla ko pratiSedhase vyavahita kahA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra bala saMcalane dhAtuse ghaJ pratyaya kara bAla: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|30 (19) atUrta :- isakA artha hotA hai zIghratA na karane vAlA niruktake anusAra atUrNa iti vA atvaramANa iti vA arthAt jo gaMbhIra ho, zIghratA karane vAlA na ho| isa zabdameM a+tvar dhAtukA yoga hai| va kA u samprasAraNakA pariNAma hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| durgAcAryane atUrta kA artha acapala kiyA hai|31 (20) stha :- yaha yuddhopakaraNameM parigaNita hai| ise yuddha AdimeM prayukta hone vAlA vAhana kahA jA sakatA hai| caturaMgiNI senAmeM sthakI bhI ginatI hotI hai, jo stha- senAkA vAcaka hogaa| stha zabdake nirvacanameM yAskakA kahanA hai (1) sthaH rahatergatikarmaNa:32 arthAt yaha zabda gatyarthaka raMha dhAtuke yogase niSpannahotA hai rahkyanUrathaH ratha gatimAnahotAhai(2) sthiratervAsyAdviparItasya3 arthAt sthira zabdako viparIta kara ratha zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai sthir-rsthi-sth| ukta nirvacanameM zabda viparyayake sAtha hI artha vaiparItyakI bhI saMbhAvanA hai| (3) ramamANo'smiMstaSThatIti vA32 arthAt isameM manuSya ArAma (Ananda) se baiThatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM ram+sthA dhAtuoMkA yoga hai- ram-stharathaH (4) rapatervA32 athavA yaha zabda rap zabdaM dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai- rap zabde+ th:-rthH| ratha calane para zabda karatA hai| (5)rasatervA32 arthAt yaha zabda ras zabde dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai-rasa zabda+tha:-ratha: isake anusAra bhI ratha calane para zabda karatA hai aisA mAnA jaaygaa| uparyukta sabhI nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| antima 428:vyutpatri vijJAna aura AcAya yAska
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________________ donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra bhI saMgata hai| aMtima donoM nirvacanoMke atirikta zeSameM vyaMjanagata audAsinya hai|33 vyAkaraNake anusAra ram dhAtuse kthan pratyaya kara stha zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|34 (21) dundumi :- isakA artha yuddha vAdya, nagAr3A hotA hai| niruktake anusAra- dundubhiriti zabdAnukaraNam32 arthAt dundubhiH zabda zabdAnukaraNake AdhAra para nirmita hai| usase dum dum AvAja hone ke kAraNa usakA nAma dundubhiH par3a gyaa| (2) drumobhinna itivA31 arthAt vRkSa hI kaTA huA sA hotA hai| yaha AkRti sAdRzya ke AdhAra para prasiddha huaa| kaTe hue druma ke sadRza dundubhiH hotA hai| vRkSake kaTe bhAga ko sachidra carmase AvRta kara vaha banAyA jAtA hai|35 phalata: drubhid se dundubhiH mAnA gayA hai| (3) dundubhyatervA syAcchabdakarmaNaM :32 arthAt zabdArthaka dundubh dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai| isake bajAne para AvAja hotI hai| prathama nirvacana zabdAnukaraNa para, dvitIya sAdRzya para tathA tRtIya dhAtuja siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| antima nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise sarvathA upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra dundu uSapada ubh pUraNe dhAtuin36 pratyaya kara dundubhi: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| dundubhi ko bhI yuddhopakaraNa mAnA gayA hai prAcInakAla meM dundubhi kI AvAja se yuddha Arambha hotA thaa| (22) iSudhi :- isakA artha hotA hai- vANa rakhane kA pAtra- trks| nirukttake anusAra iSudhiriSUNAM nidhAnam32 arthAt yaha vANoMke rakhane kA sthAna pAtra hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM iSu + dhA dhAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai. iSu+ dhA=iSudhiH isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhAva vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra iSu +dhA ki pratyaya kara iSudhi zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| ise yAska yuddhopakaraNake antargata mAnate haiN| (23) cizvA :- dhanuSase nikalane vAlI AvAjako cizcA kahate haiN| hasanArthaka bhI cizcA zabda mAnA jAtA hai| niruktameM cizcA zabda ko zabdAnukaraNa kahA gayA hai kyoMki yaha cI cI zabda karatA hai| hasanArthaka mAnane para puMkha kI dIpti se yaha pradIpta hotA hai yA hasatA hai aisA artha saMbhava hai| zabdAnukaraNaM siddhAnta para AdhArita yaha zabda bhASA vaijJAnika mahatva rakhatA hai| yAskane isake dhAtu pratyayakA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya : nahIM dekhA jaataa| 429:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (24) saMkAH-yaha saMgrAmakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra(1) saMkA: sacate: arthAt yaha zabda Sac samavAye dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki saMgrAma meM bahuta sI vastuoM evaM vyaktiyoMkA samavAya hotA hai| (2) sampUrvAdvA kirate : 32 arthAt sam upasargaka kR dhAtuke yogase yaha niSpanna hotA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA jahAM ThIka DhaMgase kiye jaaeN| ina nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / (25) hastaghna :- isakA artha hotA hai hastAvaraNa, dstaanaa| nirukta ke anusAra hastadhnohaste hanyate 32 arthAt yaha hAtha meM sthita hokara AghAta khAtA rahatA hai evaM hAthakI cAro orase rakSA karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM hasta+ han dhAtukA yoga hai hasta+han = hastaghnaH / isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise sarvathA upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra hasta + han + kaH pratyaya kara ise banAyA jA sakatA hai| (26) pumAn :- isakA artha hotA hai purUSa / nirukta ke anusAra (1) pumAn purUmanA bhavati32 arthAt yaha vizAla mana vAlA hotA hai| isake anusAra pumAn zabdameM pus+ man dhAtukA yoga hai purU+man= pumn-pumaan| (2) puMsatervA arthAt yaha zabda puMs abhivardhane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha vRddhikI ora agrasara hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra pA rakSaNe dhAtuse Dumasun38 pratyaya kara ise banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM puMs zabda hI hai jisakA rUpa pumAn hotA hai| lagatA hai yAskake samaya meM pumAn zabdake rUpameM bhI pracalita thaa| (27) dhanu :- isakA artha hotA hai yuddhAstra, dhanuSa / niruktake anusAra (1) dhanurdhanvatergatikarmaNa:32 arthAt yaha zabda gatyarthaka dhanv ghAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha gati karatA hai| (2) vadhakarmaNovAra 2 athavA yaha zabda vadhArthaka dhanv dhAtuke yogase banA hai kyoMki yaha yuddhameM vadha karatA hai, prANa haraNa karatA hai| (3) dhanvantyasmAdiSava:32 arthAt vANa isameM gati karate haiN| isake anusAra bhI dhanuH zabdameM dhanv gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| sabhI nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra dhan zabde dhAtuse us pratyaya kara dhanuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 39 (28) samada :- yaha saMgrAma kA vAcaka haiN| nirukta ke anusAra - samadaH 430 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ samado vAtteH arthAt yaha zabda sam upasarga pUrvaka ad makSaNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki saMgrAmameM eka vyakti dUsare ko mAra DAlate haiM, saMgrAma vyaktiyoMko pUrNa rUpameM khA jAtA hai| (2) sammado vA madateH arthAt sam upasarga pUrvaka madI harSe dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai| sam + mad- sammadaH / yuddha meM harSake sAtha eka dUsare se lar3ate haiN| ina nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AMdhAra upayukta hai bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jAyagA / laukika saMskRtameM ukta arthameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (29) jyA :- isakA artha hotA hai dhanuSakI DorI / niruktake anusAra (1) jyA jayatervA32 arthAt yaha zabda ji jaye dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yuddhameM yaha vijaya prApta karAtI hai| (2) jinAtervA athavA yaha zabda jyA kyohAnau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha anekoM jIvanakA haraNa karatI hai| (3) prajAvayati iSUn iti vAz2 athavA yaha zabda jav gatau dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai| yaha vANoMko pheMkatI hai calAtI hai vANa isIse gatimAna hotA hai| sabhI nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai prathama evaM dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra se yukta haiN| prathama donoM nirvacanoMko bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusArajyA+Da+TAp-jyA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (30) iSu :- yaha vANakA vAcaka haiN| niruktake anusAra ( 1 ) iSurISatergati karmaNo vadha karmaNovA32 arthAt yaha zabda gatyarthaka iS dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha gatimAna hotA hai yA calatA hai yA phekA jAtA hai, yA yaha vaghArthaka iS dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA haiM kyoMki yaha prANiyoMkA vadha karatA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra IS dhAtuse u4deg pratyaya kara iSuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| ra . (31) kazA :- yaha cAbuka tathA vANIkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra cAbukake artha meM - (1) kazA prakAzayati bhayamazvAya 32 arthAt yaha ghor3eko bhaya dikhAtI hai| cAvukase ghor3eko bhayabhIta kiyA jAtA hai| isake anusAra kazA zabdameM kAzR dIptau dhAtukA yoga hai kAzR kazA / (2) kRSyatervANUbhAvAt arthAt aNubhAva artha rakhane vAle kRz dhAtuke yogase yaha niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha patalI hotI hai! vANIke artha meM kazaH zabdake nirvacanameM yAskakA kahanA hai ki bAk punaH prakAzayatyarthAn32 arthAt vANI vAcaka kazA arthoM ko prakAzita karatI hai| isake anusAra bhI isameM kAzR dAptau dhAtukA yoga mAnA gyaa| (2) khazayA yaha mukhAkAza meM sone vAlI hai| vANI AkAzakA guNa hai / 41 431: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ isake anusAra isa zabdameM kha +zIG svapne dhAtukA yoga hai| kha kA alpa prANa kAzI-kaza-kazA (3) krozatervA arthAt manuSyake bolane kA yahI AdhAra hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kruz AhvAne dhAtukA yoga hai kruz - kshaa| kAzR , kRS tathA kruz dhAtuse kazA kA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai inheM bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| ye dhAtuja siddhAnta para AdhArita haiN| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra kaz gati zAsanayoH dhAtse ac42 +TApa pratyaya kara kazA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM kazAkA prayoga vANIke arthameM prAyaH nahIM dekhA jaataa| khazayA se kazA vANI mAnanekA uddezya saMbhavataH vANIkI nityatAkA upasthApana hai| yoM to durgAcAryane mukhase niHsRta honeke kAraNa vANIko mukhAkAzameM sone vAlI mAnA hai| vANI kA utpati sthAna hRdayAkAzase mukhAkAza taka vyApta hai isameM saMdeha nahIM, lekina uccarita zabdoMkA sthAna bhI AkAza hI hai| jisa prakAra AkAza nitya evaM avinAzI hai usI prakAra usakA guNa zabda bhI nitya evaM avinAzI hai| vaijJAnikoMne bhI AkAzameM Ithara mAnate hae zabdakI utpati evaM prastutikA sthAna ise hI svIkAra kiyA hai| AkAzameM ithara rahane ke kAraNa vaha dhvani taraMgoM ko dhAraNa karanekI zaktise samanvita hai| zabda Ithara ke taraMgoM meM vistRta hotA jAtA hai| vaha vIcI taraMga nyAyakI bhAMti yA kadamvagolaka nyAyakI bhAMti utpanna hotA hai|43 (32) sakthi :- yaha haDDIkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra sakthi: sacaterAsakto'smin kAya:32 arthAt yaha zabda Saca samavAye dhAtake yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki zarAra isI para Asakta rahatA hai| haDDIke vinA zarIra dhAraNa saMbhava nhiiN| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra saMj saMge dhAtuse kthin44 pratyaya kara sakthiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (33) jaghanam :- isakA artha hotA hai jaaNgh| niruktake anusAra jaghanaM jaGghanyate32 arthAt yaha zabda han hiMsAgatyoH dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai - han - han = jahana= jghn| ghor3e ke jaghana ko bAra bAra pITA jAtA hai| isa hanana kriyA kI pradhAnatA ke calate jaghana khlaayaa| athavA vaha gatimAna hotA hai isalie bhI jaghana mAnA gyaa| sAmAnya jaghana ko gatyarthaka han se mAnanA hI saMgata hogaa| han hisArthaka se mAnane para jaghana meM artha saMkIrNatA rhegii| yAska ke nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra han + yaG 432:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ + ac= jagha+nuk = jaghanam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|45 (34) ulUkhalam :- yaha okhalakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) ulUkhalamurUkaraM vAM32 arthAt mere lie adhika karane vAlA ho isa arthako vyakta karane vAlA ulUkhala khlaayaa| isake anusAra uskarase ulUkhala zabda mAnA jAyagA -uru+kara= urukaram - ra kAla meM parirvatana ulUkalam ka alpa prANa kA mahAprANIkaraNa - uluukhlm| (2) UrdhvaM khaM vA32 arthAt isakA mukha Urdhva hotA hai yA AkAzameM hotA hai| khAta yA muha Upara honeke kAraNa ulUkhala khlaayaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM Urdhva+ khaM kA yoga hai| Urdhva Upara kA vAcaka hai tathA khaM khAta kaa| (3) urkara vA32 arthAt yaha anna (urka) banAneke lie (anna kUTane ke lie) hotA hai| isake anusAra ut + kR dhAtu kA yoga hai - u + kR-ut + kara ukkara - urukara * uluukhlm| (4) uru me kurvityabravIt tduluukhlmbhvt| urukaraM vai tattadulUkhalamityAcakSate parokSeNeti ca braahmnnm|49 arthAt brAhmaNa granthoMke anusAra mujhe adhika karo isa uru + kR se hI urukara - ulUkhala ho gyaa| isI urukarako parokSa rUpameM ulUkhala kahA gyaa| uparyukta nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra sabhIko saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| brAhmaNa granthoMke nirvacana bhI bhASA vaijJAnika mahattvase yukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAraUrdhva khaM lAtIti ulUkhalam-Urdhva+khaM+lA(la)+ka:-ulUkhalam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|is nirvacanase spaSTa hotAhai ki yAskake samayameM isakA vyApaka prayoga hotA thaa|48 (35) Aje :- yaha Aji zabdake SaSThyantakA rUpa hai| Aji zabdakA artha hotA hai sNgraam| niruktake anusAra- AjerAjana yasyAjavanasyeti vA49 arthAt yaha zabda AGa upasargaka ji jaye dhAtake yogase niSpanna hotA hai yA AGa upasargaka z2a gatau dhAtuke yogse| AD+ ji jaya=Aji: mAnane para isakA artha hogA vijaya dilAne vaalaa| A+ju gatau-Aji: mAnane para isakA artha hogA gatise smpnn| uparyukta nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra Aji: zabda aj gatau dhAtuse uN pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai|50 (36) subharvam :- isakA artha hotA hai acchI taraha madhurAdi khAne vAle ko| nirukta ke anusAra- subharvaM rAjAnam bharvatiratti karmA49 arthAt subharva rAjA kA vizeSaNa hai tathA bha... zabda bhakSaNArthaka hai| su+bha bhakSaNe dhAtu ke yoga se subharva zabda niSpanna huA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra 433: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ upayukta hai| bhASAvijJAnaka anusAra isa sagata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra bha+ac = bharvaH su+bharva: subharvaH subharvam banAyA jA sakatA hai| (37) pradhana :- yaha saMgrAmakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- pradhana iti saMgrAma nAma prakIrNAnyasmin dhanAni bhvnti|49 arthAt isameM dhana prakIrNa rahate haiN| isake anusAra pradhana zabdameM prakIrNa-pra+dhanakA yoga mAnA jaaygaa|51 isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra pra+dhA+knu:=pradhanam banAyA jA sakatA hai|52 / / (38) drughaNa :- isakA artha hotA hai mudgara, yuddhaastr| niruktake anusAra drughaNo drumamayo ghana:49 arthAt yaha lakar3IkA ghana (kunda) banA rahatA hai| mudgara (gadA) lakar3Ise narmita yuddhAstra hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra drughaNa zabda druma + ghanake yoga se niSpanna mAnA jAyagA- drama+ghana: dramaghana, drghnH| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra dru+han+ap pratyaya kara drughaNaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|53 (39) pRtanAjyam :- yaha saMgrAmakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) pRtanAjyamiti saMgrAmanAma pRtanAnAmajanAdvA49 arthAt saMgrAma vAcaka pRtanAjya zabda pRtanA+ aj gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai| ghRtanA senAkA vAcaka hai|54 senA isa saMgrAmameM gamana karatI hai| (2) jayanAdvA09 arthAt isa zabdameM pRtanA + ji jaye dhAtukA yoga hai,kyoMki senA usa saMgrAmameM vijaya prApta karatI hai| yaha nirvacana sAmAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai (pRtanAmasmin arjanti yA jayanti tat pRtanAjyam) isakA dhvanyAtmaka tathA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga prAya: nahIM dekhA jaataa| (40) mudgala :- yaha eka RSikA nAma haiN| bhRmyazvake putra bhArgyazva hI mudgala haiN|55 niruktake anusAra (1) mudgalo mudgavAn42 arthAt mUMgavAna mudgala kahalAtA hai| isake anusAra mudga+matupa. mudgavAnase mudgala mAnA gyaa|56 matvarthameM la pratyayakA vidhAna hai| (2) mudgilovA arthAt vaha mUMga khAne vAlA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM mudga+gR nigaraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| mudga + gR-gara gala mudgala : (ra kA la varNa parivartana) (3) madanaM gilatIti49 arthAt vaha kAmadeva ko vaza meM karatA hai| isake anusAra madana+gR dhAtuse mudgala mAnA gyaa| (4) madaMgilo vA49 arthAt vaha mada ko khA jAtA hai, zAnti priya honeke kAraNa, yA apramatta hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM mada+ gR dhAtukA yoga hai - mada +gR. 434:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ gala mudgl| (5) mudAMgalo vAra arthAt vaha harSase pare haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM mud+ gR dhAtukA yoga hai- mud+ gR-gala- mudglH| arthAtmaka AdhAra sabhI nirvacanoMkA yukta hai| prathama evaM aMtima nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka mahatva bhI rakhatA hai| ina donoMko bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise upayukta mAnA jA sakatA hai| zeSa nirvacanoMmeM svaragata audAsinya hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra mudaM + gR + ac pratyaya kara mudgala zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskakA yaha nirvacana karma evaM prakRtiko AdhAra mAnatA hai| (41) bhUmyazva :- yaha mudgala RSike pitAkA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra mRmyazvo mRmayo'syAzvA: arthAt jinake ghor3e caMcala ho unheM bhRmyazva kahate haiN| isake anusAra isameM mRm + azvakA yoga hai| mRmayazcaMcalAH santi asya azvAH iti mRmyazvAH / (2) azvamaraNAdAra arthAt ve azvoMko bharaNapoSaNa karate haiM isalie mRmyazva khlaaye| isake anusAra isa zabdameM azva + bhR bharaNe dhAtukA yoga hai- azva+ mR= mR + azk= bhRmyazvaH (padaparivartana) prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra prathama nirvacanako saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise samAsAnta zabda mAnA jaaygaa| mRmayaH asya azvA iti bhRmyshvH| (42) pitu :- yaha annakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) piturityanna nAma pAte arthAt annavAcaka pituHzabda pAsaNedhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki annase sthAkI jAtI hai| zarIrakI sthA annase hotI hai| (2) pivate9i arthAt pituHzabda pA bhakSaNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki annakA bhakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| (3) pyAyateri arthAt pyai vRddhau dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki isase zarIrakI vRddhi hotI hai| prathama do nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta haiN| ise mASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| aMtima nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhate haiN| laukika saMskRtameM pituHzabda annakA vAcaka nahIM hai| vaha pitR zabdakA SaSThyantarUpa hai pitR zabdameM mI pA rakSaNe dhAtukA yoga hai jo pA + tRca se banatA hai, kyoMki pitA putrakI khA karatA hai| (43) taviSI :- isakA artha hotA hai balA niruktake anusAra- taviSIti balanAma tavatervA vRddhikarmaNa:49 arthAt yaha zabda tu yA tav vRddhau dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki isakI vRddhi hotI hai yA yaha varddhanazIla hotA hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra tava vRddhau se ciSac 435:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kara taviSa + DIp = taviSI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|59 (44) gaMgA :- yaha nadIkA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra gaMgA gamanAt49 arthAt gamana karaneke kAraNa gaMgA kahalAyI, kyoMki yaha lagAtAra calatI rahatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM gam dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| uparyukta nirvacana sAmAnya nadIke arthameM bhI saMgata hai parantu yamunA Adike sAtha prayukta honese bhAgIrathI samajhanA upayukta hogaa| durgAcAryakA kahanA hai60 ki jo viziSTa sthAna para jAtI hai yA viziSTa sthAna para le jAtI hai use gaMgA kahate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra gam gan pratyaya kara gaMgA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai-61 gam +gan + TAp = gNgaa| (45) yamunA :- yaha nadI vizeSakA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra (1) yamunA prayuvatI gacchatIti vA49 arthAt apane jalakoM dUsarI nadiyoMke jalameM milAtI hai, yA milAtI huI jAtI rahatI hai|62 isake anusAra yamunA zabdameM yu mizraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) praviyutaM gacchatIti vA49 arthAt vaha zAnta sI calatI rahatI hai| taraMga rahitake samAna calatI rahatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM yu dhAtakA yoga hai| donoM nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata nahIM hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra yam uparame dhAtuse unan63 pratyaya kara yamuna-TAp = yamunA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| dvitIya nirvacanameM yu mizraNe dhAtu yamunA nadI ke jalakA prayAga sthita gaMgAke jalameM milanakA saMketa hai| (46) sarasvatI :- yaha nadI vizeSakA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra sarasvatI sara ityudaka nAma sartestadvatI49 arthAta sara jalakA nAma hai, kyoMki yaha sa gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| jalameM gatyAtmakatA hai| sarase yuktako sarasvatI kaheMge-saras + vatI= srsvtii| arthAt jalase yuktako sarasvatI kahA jAtA hai|64 isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra saras +matup65 pratyaya kara saras +matup (masya va:)+sarasa+vat+ DIpa-sarasvatI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| vedameM sarasvatIkA prayoga vidyA dAtrI vANIke arthameM bhI prApta hotA hai|66 sarakA artha jJAna bhI hotA hai jJAna bhI gatizIla hai| ataH sarasvatI zabda jJAnavatIkA dyotaka mAnA jaaygaa| (47) zutudrI :- yaha nadI vizeSakA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra (1) zutudrI zudrAviNI kSipradrAviNI49 arthAt yaha tejIse bahane vAlI hotI hai| 436:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ isake anusAra isa zabdameM zu kSiprakA vAcaka hai tathA dru gatau dhAtu hai zu + dru-zudriviNI= shutudrii|(2) Azu tunneva dravatItivA49 arthAt yaha kisIse biddha sI hokara AghAtita sI hokara bhAgatI hai tIvragati se bahatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM Azu + tu +dru gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| AzukA zu, tunna kA tu tathA dru dhAtuse zutudrI mAnA gayA hai| donoM nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| dhvanyAtmakatA pUrNa saMgata nhiiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| prathama nirvacana kI apekSA dvitIya nirvacanameM adhika dhvanyAtmakatA hai| dvitIya nirvacana akSarAtmaka nirvacana hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zu + tud +ra + in67 pratyaya kara zutudrI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| Aja kala yaha satalaja nadIke nAmase vikhyAta hai| (48) phrUSNI :- yaha eka nadI vizeSakA nAma hai| yaha irAvatIke nAmase vikhyAta hai| niruktake anusAra irAvatI paraNItyAhuH parvavatI bhAsvatI kuTilagAminI49 arthAt jo parvavAlI hai, prakAzita hone vAlI hai yA kuTilagAminI hai| isake anusAra parvavatIse parUSNI mAnA gayA hai| bhAsvatI evaM kuTilagAminI isake svarUpa ko prakAzita karane vAle vizeSaNa hai arthAtmaka AdhAra sabhI nirvacanoMkA saMgata hai| dhvanyAtmakatA kisImeM bhI pUrNa nhiiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| Aja kala yaha nadI rAvIke nAmase vikhyAta hai| yaha rAvI zabda irAvatI se udbhUta hai| (49) asiknI :- yaha eka nadI vizeSakA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra asiknayazuklAsitAsitamiti varNa nAma ttprtissedho'sitm|49 arthAt yaha azuklA hai, asitA hai| sita zukla varNa kA nAma hai| usakA viparIta asita se asiknI mAnA gayA hai| azuklase bhI asiknI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa nadIkA jala nIlA dIkhatA hogaa| donoM nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| asitAse asiknI mAnanA azuklA se asiknI kI apekSA dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise adhika saMgata hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra na sitA zukla keshaa| chandasi knameva iti tasyavannAntotvADIpa ca iti asiknI mAnA jA sakatA hai|68 na-a-sita+knana + ddiip| (50) marUvRdhA :- yaha eka nadIkA nAma hai| marUtoMse bar3hane vAlIko marUdavRdhA kheNge| lagatA hai yaha nadI, tUphAna janita varSAse bar3hane ghAlI thii| niruktake anusAra marUdavRdhA : sarvA nadyo marUta enA vrdhynti|49 arthAt havA ina sabhI ko bar3hAtI hai| isa mirvacana ke anusAra marUt + vRdha vRddhau dhAtu ke yoga se marUvRdhAH zabda niSpanna mAnA jaaygaa| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka eva arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra yaha sarvathA saMgata 437:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai| yAskake uparyukta nirvacanase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha nAma samI nadiyoMke vizeSaNake rUpa meM prayukta hai|69 rAya kA maMtavya hai ki asiknI tathA vitastA nadiyoMke milaneke bAda banane vAlI nadI marUDhadhA hai jo bAdameM paramNImeM milatI hai simara ne bhI isI maMtavyako svIkAra kiyA hai| lekina luDavigake vicArase parUSNI, asiknI tathA vitastAke saMgamake bAda banane vAlI nadIkA nAma maruddhadhA hai| maikaDonela tathA kItha rAyake vicAra puSTiko hI adhika saMgata mAnate haiN|73 (51) vitastA :- yaha eka nadI vizeSakA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra vitastA'vidagdhA arthAt yaha nadI avidagdha thI, jalI nahIM thii| brAhmaNa granthoMke anusAra eka anuzruti pracalita hai-vaidehika nAma kI agnine sabhI nadiyoMko jalA diyaa| kevala vitastA bacI rhii| isIlie avidagdha honeke kAraNa yaha nadI vitastA khlaayii|74 isake anusAra avidagdhAse vitastA mAnA jAyagA avidgdhaa-vidgdhaavitstaa| (2) vivRddhA mahAkUlAra arthAt jo bI huI kinAroM vAlI hai yA bar3e kinAroM vAlI hai| isake anusAra vivRddhAse vitastA mAnI gayI hai| prathama nirvacanameM AMzika dhvanyAtmakatA hai| donoM nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| prathama nirvacana aitihAsika AdhArase yukta hai| dvitIya nirvacana rUpAtmaka AdhAra skhatA hai| vitastAkA Adhunika kAzmIrI rUpa vetha hai| musalamAna itihAsakAroMne vitastA ko vihUta yA vihata ke rUpameM kara diyA hai| (52) ArjikIyA :- yaha eka nadI vizeSakA nAma hai| ise vipAzA mI kahate haiN| niruktake anusAra ArjikIyAM vipADityAhuH RjIka pramavA vA RjugAminI vA arthAt ArjikIyA hI vipAT kahalAtI hai| yaha RjIka nAmaka parvatase nikalI huI hai yA sIdhe bahane vAlI RjugAminI hai| isake anusAra RjIkase Arjika ArjikIyA mAnA jaaygaa| RjugAminIse ArjikIyAmeM pUrNa dhvanyAtmakatA nahIM hai| RjIkse ArjikIyA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka mahatva rakhatA hai| mASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| isa nadI kA eka dUsarA nAma uraJjirA bhI hai| jisakA artha hotA hai kAphI jala vaalii| (53) vipAT :- yaha ArjikIyA nadIkA hI dUsarA nAma hai| nirukta ke anusAra (1) vipATanAdvAra arthAt yaha nadI tIvra gatise cala kara mUmi ko ukhAr3atI rahatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vi + paTagatau dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) vipAzanAdvAra arthAt pAzase rahita hone ke kAraNa vipAza-vipAT khlaayii| pahale isa nadI kA nAma ulagirA thA uruJjirA kA artha hotA hai pramUta jala 438:vyutpatti vijJAna aura prAcArya yAska
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________________ vAlI urUjalA-urUJjilA uruunyjiraa| putra ke maraNa janya zoka se pIr3ita vaziSTha marane kI icchA se pAzameM baMdha kara isa nadImeM DUba gye| lekina ve pAza isake jalase khula gye|76 arthAt isane vaziSTha ko pAza se mukta kiyaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vi + paza bandhane dhAtakA yoga hai- vipaash-vipaadd'| (3) viprApaNAdvA49 arthAt vividha sthAnoMkoM isane jala prApta kraayaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vi + pra + Apa prApaNe dhAtukA yoga hai vipraap-vipaatt| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| aMtima nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmakatA kA abhAva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vi + paz vandhane dhAtuse kvip pratyaya kara vipAz vipAT zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|77 Ajakala ke paMjAba kI vyAsa nadI hI vaidikakAlIna vipaattthii| (54) suSomA :- sindhuko hI suSomA kahA gayA hai| niruktake anusAra suSomA sindhuryadenAmabhi prasavanti nadya:49 arthAta isa nadImeM bahata sI nadiyA jAkara milatI hai|78 isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM s- prasavaizvaryayo: dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (55) Apa :- isakA artha hotA hai jl| niruktake anusAra ApaH Apnote:49 arthAt yaha zabda AplU vyAptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha sarvatra vyApta hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra Ap + aN + ApaH banAyA jA sakatA hai|09 (56) oSadhaya :- isakA artha hotA hai roga nivAraka dvaaiyaaN| niruktake anusAra (1) oSat dhayantItivA49 arthAt zarIrastha roga tApako yaha samApta kara detI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM oSat (dAha ko) + dheTa pAne dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) oSatyenA dhayantItivA49 arthAt zarIrameM dAha yA tApa rahane para ina davAiyoM ko loga pIte haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM oSati + dheTpAne dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) doSaM dhayantIti vA49 arthAt yaha tridorSoM (vAta, pita, kapha) ko naSTa kara detI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM doSa + dheT pAne dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama do nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| antima nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| isakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra oSa+ dhA +ki: pratyaya kara oSadhi: oSadhayaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|80 439:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ niruktameM oSadhiHkA prayoga vanaspatike arthameM prApta hotA hai|81 (57) araNyAnI :- yAskake anusAra isakA artha hotA hai araNyakI ptnii| nirUktake anusAra araNyAnyaraNyasya ptnii| araNyamapANaM bhavati graamaat|49 arthAt araNya gAMva se dUra hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM apa +R gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| apa +R- ara= apArNa arnny| (2) araNyaM aramaNaM bhavatIti vA49 arthAt vaha aramaNIya hotA hai sukhada nahIM hotaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM a-(na) + ram dhAtukA yoga hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise prathama nirvacana saMgata hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra donoM nirvacanoMke upayukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra araNya zabda R gatau dhAtuse Nya pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai|83 araNyAnI zabda araNya zabdameM DISa pratyaya kara banAyA gayA jo jaMgala kI patnI arthakA vAcaka hai| pANinI araNyAnIkA artha bhayAnaka jaMgala karate haiN| mahAraNya ke arthameM hI araNyase DISa pratyayakA vidhAna pANiniko abhISTa hai| vararuci bhI himAraNyayomahattve vArtika ke dvArA ukta arthako hI spaSTa karate haiN|84 (58) zraddhA :- caturvidha puruSArthoM meM vinA viparyaya ke yathAvat samajhane vAlI buddhi kA nAma zraddhA hai| niruktake anusAra-zraddhA shrddhaanaat| ata satyaM dhIyate'syAM sA zraddhA 49 arthAt zrata satyakA vAcaka hai vaha isameM dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai isalie zraddhA kahalAtI hai|85 isake anusAra isa zabdameM at +dhA dhAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra zrata dhA+aG +TAp = addhA banAyA jA sakatA hai|86 (59) RkSara :- isakA artha hotA hai kaaNttaa| niruktake anusAra RkSaraH kaNTakaH Rcchate:49 arthAt RkSara zabda Rccha gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha vRkSa Adike Upara umarA hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra RkS dhAtu se ac = RkSa +ra= RkSaraH banAyA jA sakatA hai| (60) kaNTaka :- isakA artha hotA hai- kaaNttaa| niruktake anusAra-kaNTaka: kantapovA49 arthAt yaha zabda kam + tap dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hai, kyoMki maiM kise kaSTa dUM aisA socakara Thaharane vAlA hai| ataH kam + lap = kantapa- knnttk| (2) kRntate9i arthAt yaha zabda kRtI chedane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha cheda detA hai yA cuma jAtA hai| (3) kaNTatervA syAdgatikarmaNa: arthAt yaha gatyarthaka kaT dhAtu ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha vRkSa ke 440:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ Upara nikalA huA hotA hai|88 antima do nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake anusAra saMgata hai| inake dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiN| kRt dhAtuse kaNTakameM mUrdhanyIkaraNakA niyama lAgU hai| prathama nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kaTi gatau dhAtuse Nvala89 pratyaya kara kaNTakaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (61) agnAyI :- isakA artha hotA hai agnikI ptnii| niruktake anusAra agnAyyagne: patnI49 yAska mAtra isakA vigraha karate haiN| yaha sAmAsika zabda hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (62) musalam :- isakA artha hotA hai. mUsala (smaatth)| niruktake anusAra muhaH saram0 arthAt yaha bAra-bAra gati karatA hai Upara nIce jAtA hai| okhala meM bArabAra gamana karaneke kAraNa mUsala khlaayaa|91 isake anusAra muhaH +sR gatau dhAtuse musalam zabda niSpanna mAnA jaaygaa| mahaH sR. saram = ra kA la varNa parivartana muha kA mu + sR+saram = muslm| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra mus khaNDane dhAtuse valac pratyaya kara musalam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|92 (63) havirdhAne :- isakA artha hotA hai haviyoM ko Dhone vAlI bailgaadd'ii| havirdhAne havirdhAnakA sambodhana pada hai| niruktake anusAra- havirdhAne haviSAM nidhAne49 arthAt haviH ko dhAraNa karane vaalaa| isake anusAra havidhA dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vaidika kAlameM somalatAko gAr3iyoM para lAdakara le jAyA jAtA thaa| havirdhAna usI somalatAko Dhone vAlI gAr3IkA vAcaka hai| (64) ArnI :- isakA artha hotA hai- dhanuSa kotti| dhanuSake kinArekA vaha bhAga jisameM DorI baMdhI rahatI hai| niruktake anusAra (1) ArnI Artanyau90 arthAt yaha zabda Rta gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki dhanuSa koTiyAM ApasameM jhukatI haiN|93 Rt se R kA guNa hokara AtrnI bana gayA hai| (2) vAraNyau arthAt yaha zabda R gatau dhAtuke yogase banatA hai| gamana karane ke kAraNa AtIM kahalAyA, kyoMki vANoMko gati dete haiM R-aatniiN| (3) vAriSaNyau50 arthAt AG upasarga pUrvaka riS hiMsAyAM dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki ye zatraoMko hiMsA karatI hai| AG + riS = aatiiN| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| 441: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 94 (65) zunAsIrau :- yaha vAyu evaM Aditya do devatAoMkA vAcaka hai ! mekaDonela evaM kItha kRSi devatAoMke nAmake rUpameM zunAsIra zabdako mAnate haiN| niruktake anusAra-zuno vAyuH zu etyantarikSe, sIra AdityaH saraNAt 5 arthAt zunaH vAyu kA vAcaka hai kyoMki ve zIghratA se antarikSameM gamana karate haiN| isa nirvacanameM zu zIghratAkA vAMcaka hai tathA nu gatyarthaka dhAtu hai-zu + nu = zunaH, sIra: sRtau dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai, Aditya bhI gamana karate haiN| sR-sIraH / zu+nu gatau = zunaH sR - sIra : zunAzIraH / yaha nirvacana sAmAsika prakriyA para AdhArita hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa|yh deva yugala kRSi pradhAna devatAke rUpameM paThita haiM yadyapi Aditya dyusthAnIya tathA vAyu antarikSasthAnIya haiN| (66) devIjoSTrI :- do devatAoMkA yugma dyAvApRthivI yA dina rAta yA vrIhyAdi anna evaM saMvatsarakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra devIjoSTrI devyau joSAyitryau dyAvApRthivyAviti vAhorAtre itivA / zasyaM ca samAceti kaatyky:|95 arthAt devIjoSTrI jo do deviyAM haiM tathA tRpti pradAna karane vAlI hai| isake anusAra devI + juS prItisevanayo: dhAtuse joSTrIkA yoga hI devI joSTrI hai| yAska ise dyAvApRthivI yA dina rAta mAnate haiN| AcArya kAtthakya vrIhyAdi anna evaM samvatsara mAnate haiN| yAskake isa zabdakA nirvacana spaSTa hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / (6) devIUrjAhutI : yaha do devatAoMkA yugma hai tathA dyAvApRthivI, dinarAta yA zasya samvatsarakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra devI UrjAhutI devyA UrjAhvAnyau dyAvApRthivyAviti vAhorAtre itivA zasyaM ca samAceti kAtyakyaH / 95 arthAt ye deviyAM anna evaM rasoMko AhvAna karane vAlI hai| isake anusAra devI +UrjA + hve spardhAyAM zabde ca dhAtu kA yoga hai| AcArya yAskake anusAra yaha dyAvApRthivI yA dina rAtakA vAcaka hai tathA AcArya kAtyakya ke anusAra yaha zasya tathA samvatsarakA vAcaka hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaegaa| -: saMndarbha sUcI : 1 - ni. 9 / 1, 2 - vasivapiyajivrajisadihanivAribhya iJ - uNA 442 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 4 / 125, 3 - ayaM naH sarvataH zaM karo'stviti sarvairAzAsitavyo bhavati ni. du. vR 91, 4 . dI iTImaulaujIsa oNpha yAska pR. 71, 5 . bhadraM vada dakSiNato bhdrmttrtovd| bhadraM purastAnno vada, bhadraM pazcAtkapiMjalaH / / ni. 9 / 1, 6 . zakerUnontontyunayaH - uNA. 3 / 49,7 - maMgalaM kila stutyaM bhavati - ni. du. vR. 9 / 1,8 - aMgAni dadhimadhvakSatAni asya santIti aMgaram (matvartheraH) ralayoraikyAt aMgalam makAropajananena maMgalam - ni.du. vR.9|1,9 - nairuktAH punaH maMgalamajjayateH sAdhayanti yasmAnmaMgalaM pApaM majjayati naashyti| - ni. du. 7.9 / 1, 10 . maMgeralaca - uNA. 570, 11. zalamaNDibhyAmUkaNa - uNA 4 / 22, 12 . modatyArthAta madateH vA sAdhyAH nityamuditA hi ete - ni. du.vR. 9 / 1, 13 . tRptyarthAt mandatervA syuH pracurodakavAsitvAt nityatRptA hi me - ni.du. 3.9 / 1, 14 - zalamaNDibhyAmUkaNa - uNA. 422, 15 - ime vidhAtrA naikacitrAbhiH maktibhiH maNDitA bhavati - ni.du. vR.9|1, 16 - dIvyante kitavAH yasmAdetAn hastaiH aznuvate vyApayanti tasmAdakSAH - ni.du.7.9|1, 17 - dI iTAmaulaujIja oNpha yAska pR.39, 18 - pacAdyac - aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 19 * vAcaspatyam - bhA. 2 pR. 983, 20 - manu. smRti (dra.), 21 . vAcaspatyam - bhA.6 pR. 4915, 22 - R. 10 / 34 / 1, 23 - anyebhyo'pi. vA. 3 / 2 / 101 iti Da. , 24 - vAcaspatyam - bhAga 6 pR. 5158, 25 - zlokastu padyabance yazasyapi. - hai ma. 2 / 21, 26 - zloke SaSThaM gurUjJeyaM .....vRttaratnAkara , 27 - zokaH zlokatvamAgataH - dhvanyAloka,28 - ghoSa AbhIrapalyAM syAt gopAladhvanighoSake. medi. 166 / 11, 29 - vAca. bhA. 6 pR. 4047, 30 - aSTA. 3 / 3 / 19, 31 - ni. du. vR. 91, 32 . ni. 9 / 2, 33 - dI iTImaulaujIja oNpha yAska pR. 110, 34 - hanikuSinIramikAzibhyaH kthan - uNA. 2 / 2, 35 - drumAt pUrvaM param midestrm| yata eSa dramasambhavaH carmaNA ca pinaddho bhavati - ni.d.tR.9|1, 36 - igupadhAt kit - uNA. 4 / 120, 37 - karmaNyidhikaraNe ca, aSTA, . 313193, 38 . pAteImasana . uNA. 4 / 178, 39 . artipRvapiyajitanidhanitapibhyonit - uNA. 2 / 117, 40 - ISeH kicca * uNA. 113,41 - AkAza guNaH zabdaH - ni. 14|1'khe mukhe zete iti khazayAsatI kazA - ni.du.dR. 9 / 2, 42 - aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 43 - vIcI taraMga nyAyena tdutptistukiirtitaa| kadamba golaka nyAyAt utpattiH ksycinmte|| (si. mu. - zabda khaMDa - kA. 166), 44 - asisaMjibhyAM kthin / uNA. 3.154,45 yaGa lugantAt ac - assttaa.3|1|134 (hanyate: zarIrAvayave dve ca ityac dvitva ca abhyAsAcca iti kutvam - halA ko . pR. 308, 46 - 44, vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ uru me karaditi tadurUkaraM ha vai tadulUkhalamityAcakSate - zata. vA. 7 / 5 / 9 / 22, 47 - Ato'napasarge kaH - aSTA. 3 / 2 / 4, 48 - .1 / 28 / 5, 49 - ni.93, 50 - ajyatibhyAM ca - uNA. 4 / 131,51- pradhanaM kasmAt ? ucyate yato'smina prakIrNAni dhanAni bhavanti tasmAt pradhanaM yuddham - ni. du. vR. 9 / 3, 52 . kRpRvRjimandinidhAJa: knuH, 53 - karaNe'yovidruSu * aSTA. 3382 pUrvapadAtsaMjJAyAmagaH aSTA. 8 / 4 / 3, 54- prattanAnAm senAnAm - ni. da. vR. 9 / 3, 55 - mudgalobhArgyazvaH ni. du. vR. 9 / 3, 56 - mudgavAn mudgalaH matvarthe lo nAmakaraNaH - ni. du. vR.9|3, 57 - vAca. - bhA - 6 pR. 4757, 58 - ina nirvacanoM se mudgala RSi kI prakRti spaSTa ho jAtI hai| harSAmarSa se rahita sthita prajJa ke rUpa meM mudgala varNita hai|, 59 - taverNidvA - uNA. 1 / 48, 60 - yataH sA viziSTaM sthAnaM gacchati gamayati vA tasmAt gNgaa| . ni. du. vR.93, 61 . gangamyadyo: - uNA. 1 / 120,62 - yasmAdiyaM svamadakamanyAbhiH nadImiH prayavatI mizrayatI gacchati tato yamunA ityucyate - ni.du. vR. 9 / 3, 63 - ajiyamizIDabhyazca * uNA. 361,64 - sarasA u dakena tadvatI bhavati - ni. du. 4.93,65 - tadasyAstyasminniti matup - aSTA. 5 / 2 / 94, 66 - pAvakA naH sarasvatI vaajebhirvaajiniivtii| yajJaM vaSTa dhiyaavsH|| R. 1 / 3 / 10 ni. . 11 / 3,67 - igupadhAt kit - uNA. 4 / 120, 68 - halAyudha - pR. 143, 69 - maruvRdhAH sarvA-eka nadyaH marudavRdhA ucyante yasmAdenA marutaH vardhayanti varSeNa - ni. du. vR. 9 / 3, 70 - vsu. ve. 138 tathA vAda kA aMza, 71 - AlTiNDize lebena 11,12, 72 - Rgveda kA anuvAda 3 / 200, 73 - vai. iNDe. bhAga 2 / pR. 151, 74 - vaidehiko nAmAgniH so'nyA nadIH nirdadAha na vitastAmiti sAmidhenI - vrAhamaNe'nu shruuyte| tasmAdiyam avidagdhetyuktA - ni. du. vR. 9 / 3, 75 - vai. iNDa: bhAga 2 / pR. 330, 76 - sutamaraNazokArtaH vaziSThaH mumUrSuH AtmAnaM pAzairvaddhA asyAM mamajja te ca pAzAH asyAM udakena vypaashynt| ni.du. vR. 9 / 3, pAzA asyAM vyapAzyanta vasiSThasya mumUrSatastasmAdvipADucyate - ni. 933, 77 . aSTA. 3 / 276, 78 - yata enAm atriprasuvanti anyAH vahulAH nadyaH abhigcchnti| - ni.du.7.93,79 - tasya samUhaH - aSTA. 4 / 2 / 37, 80 - karmaNyidhikaraNe ca - aSTA. 3 / 3 / 93, 81 - ni.61, 66, 82 . taddhi grAmAt apArNaM - apagataM bhavati - ni. du. vR. 93, 83 - aternicca - uNA. 3 / 102,84 . aSTA. 4 / 1 / 49, 85 . azraddhAmanRte'dadhAcchraddhAM satye prajApati - ni.du.vR. 93, 86 . halAyudha. pR.672 SibhidAdibhyo'G . aSTA. 3 / 3 / 104, 87 . kamahaM tApayAmi ityudgatastiSThati - ni. du. vR. 9 / 3, 88 444:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ - kaNTatervAsAdhyaH yasmAtsa tarorudgato bhvti|ni.du.vR.9|3,89-assttaa.3|1|133, 90 -ni. 9 / 4, 91 -yatastat muhuHvrIhyAdiSu srti-ni.du.vR.9|4, 92 . vRSAdibhyazca / uNA. 1 / 106, 93 - AtnI dhnusspraante| yasmAt te artnyau| gatyarthAt RteH| te hi iSUn gmytH-ni.du.vR.9|4,94 - vai. iNDe. bhAga 2 / pR. 428, 95 - ni. 9 / 4 / (gha) niruktake dazama adhyAyakai nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana nighaNTukA daivata kANDa usake paMcama adhyAyameM paThita hai| nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyake caturtha khaNDameM 32 devatAoMse sambaddha pada saMkalita haiN| ina 32 padoMkA nirvacana niruktake dazama adhyAyameM huA hai|nighnnttuke paMcama adhyAyake caturthakhaNDake adhikAMza nAma devatAoMke hai tathA kucha nAma devatAoM se sambaddha haiN|yhii kAraNa hai ki inakA saMkalana daivata kANDameM huA hai| niruktake dazama adhyAyameM kula 57 nirvacana prApta hote haiN| ina nirvacanoM meM nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyake caturtha khaNDameM paThita 32 pada bhI haiN| zeSa 25 pada jinakA nirvacana yAskane kiyA hai ve prasaMgataH prApta haiN| sabhI nirvacanoMkA bhASA vijJAna evaM nirvacana prakriyA kI dRSTise atyadhika mahatva hai| . bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise sarvathApUrNa nirvacana nimnalikhita haiN| ina zabdoMke nirvacana ekase adhika bhI hai| ina nirvacanoMmeM kucha padoMke sabhI tathA kuchake ekAdhika nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake anusAra saMgata haiN| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise sarvathA pUrNa nirvacana - vAyuH, varuNaH, kabandham , rUdraH, tigmaH, Ayudham , didyut, tokam , tanayam , jarA, utsaH, parjanyaH, vRhaspatiH, camasaH, brahmaNaspatiH, kSetrasyapatiH, kSetram, vAstospatiH, vAcaspatiH, apAnapAt, yamaH, mitraH, kRSTiH, kaH, hiraNyagarbhaH, garbhaH, vizvakarmA , manyuH, savitA, hiraNyastUpaH, vAtaH, venaH, jarAyuH, zizuH, rihanti, asanItiH, indraH parUcchepaH, prajApatiH aura budhanam hai| ina zabdoMmeM kinhIM zabdoMke ekAdhika nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa bhI haiN| ____dhvanyAtmaka zaithilyase yukta nirvacanoMmeM indraH, vRhaspatiH brahmaNaspatiH, stUpaH, jarAyuH, zizuH tathA parUccheda zabdoMke nirvacana parigaNanIya haiN| inameM svaragata yA vyaMjanagata zaithilya hai| dazama adhyAyake kucha nirvacana bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se apUrNa bhI hai| ve hai - zevaH, tAyaH, madhu tathA asurH| ye sabhI nirvacana yadyapi nirvacana prakriyA se upayukta haiN| arthAtmaka zaithilyake udAharaNameM zravaH ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tanayam zabdameM arthAdeza spaSTa hai| Ajakala tanayakA artha putra hotA hai lekina yAska ne 445:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ tanaya zabdakA nirvacana pautrake arthameM kiyA hai| lagatA hai yAskake samayameM tanaya zabda pautrake artha meM bhI prayukta hotA thaa| yAska rUdra evaM indra zabdoMke nirvacanameM aitihAsika AdhAra ko bhI apanAte hai| ve indra zabdake nirvacanameM AgrAyaNake siddhAntako upasthApita karate hai jo aitihAsika evaM dhArmika AdhAra para AdhArita hai| yAska vivecita isa adhyAyake kucha zabda sAmAsika haiN| inake nirvacanoM meM sAmAsika AdhAra apanAyA gayA hai| brahmaNaspatiH, hiraNyagarmaH, vizkarmA, hiraNya stUpaH, aura prajApatiH sAmAsika AdhAra rakhate haiN| parjanya zabdameM artha vistAra pAyA jAtA hai| utsaH zabda jo jalaprastravaNaM sthAna kA vAcaka hai, meghake arthameM prayukta hai| isakA AdhAra lakSaNA hai| yAska kucha zabdoMko pUrva vyAkhyAta hai, kahakara Age bar3ha jAte hai| vastutaH kucha zabda niruktameM eka se adhika sthaloMmeM prayukta hai tathA kucha zabda eka se adhika sthaloMmeM vyAkhyAta bhI hai| isa adhyAyake pratyeka zabdoMke nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana draSTavya hai - (1) vAyu :- vAyu madhyama sthAnIya devatA haiN| niruktake anusAra - vAyutei tervA syAdgatikarmaNaH1 arthAt vAyu zabda gatyarthaka vA dhAtu yA vI dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai| vAyu gatizIla hai| AcArya sthaulASThIkkei anusAra - aiteriti sthaulASThIviH anarthako vakAraH1 arthAt iN gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna Ayu zabda hI vAyu bana gayA hai, vAyu meM (ka Ayu) va anarthaka hai| mASA vijJAnake anusAra ise varNopajana mAnA jaaygaa| yaha Adi vyaMjanAgamakA pariNAma hai| yAska kA nirvacana vA dhAtuse mAnane para dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase aucityapUrNa mAnA jAyagA sthaulASThIvike nirvacanase bhI yAska sahamata haiN| nirukta 93 meM AyuH kI vyAkhyA meM - Ayuzca vAyuH ayanaH kaha kara sthaulASThIvi ke matakI puSTikI hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra vA gatigandhanayoH dhAtuse yuk yA uNa pratyaya kara vAyu zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| sthAnake anusAra vAyu antarikSasthAnIya hai jise madhyama loka.kahA gayA hai| antarikSa meM gamanAgamana vAyukI vizeSatA hai| (2) zrava :- yaha anna kA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra - zrava iti anna nAma zrUyate itisataH1 arthAt yaha zru zravaNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha sadA sunA jAtA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| arthAtmakatA pUrNa upayukta nhiiN| zravaH karNakA bhI vAcaka hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra shruuyte'neneti| zru+sarvadhAtumyo'sun kara zravaH banAyA jA sakatA hai| 446 :vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAmka
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________________ (3) varUNa :- yaha jala devatAkA nAma hai| niruktakA anusAra vRNotIti sataH arthAt yaha zabda vR varaNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki vaha (megha samUha) AkAzako AvRta karatA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai / / bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra vRJ karaNe dhAtuse unan pratyaya kara varuNa zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (4) kabandham :- isakA artha megha hotA hai| niruktake anusAra - kabandham meghm| kavanamudakaM bhavati tadasmin dhIyate ' kavanakA artha jala hotA hai tathA vaha isameM rakhA jAtA hai yAni megha / isameM kavana + dhA dhAtukA yoga hai| kabanghakA artha jalabhI hotA hai - udakamapi kabandhamucyate bandhiraM nibhRtave kamanibhRtaM ca prasRjati yaha anibhRta artha vAle bangh dhAtuse niSpanna huA hai kyoMki yaha (jala) caMcala hotA hai| yaha sukha kAraka hai| prathama evaM dvitIya nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra kam + bangh + aN pratyaya kara kabandhaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|" zira rahita dhar3a ko bhI kabandha kahA jAtA hai / 6 (5) rUdra :- yaha vAyukA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - rUdro rautIti sataH 1 rUdra zabda rU zabde dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai kyoMki yaha zabda karatA hai| (2) rorupyamANo dravatItivA1 adhika zabda karatA huA gamana karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM rU zabde evaM dru dhAtuoMkA yoga hai| (3) rodayatervA yaha zabda rUdir azru vimocane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai kyoMki yaha zatruoMko rUlAtA hai yAskake prathama evaM tRtIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jAyagA / zeSakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| rUdrake roMnekI bAtakI puSTi yAska vibhinna saMhitAoMke uddharaNase karate hai / " kAThaka saMhitAke anusAra usa rUdrane prajApatiko vANase bIMgha diyA pazcAt pazcAttApa karatA huA ro pdd'aa| isa AdhAra para rodItIti rUdra bhI kiyAjA sakatA hai| rUdra ko rone kI bAta aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| ataH isa nirvacanakA AdhAra aitihAsika mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra rUdir azru vimocane dhAtuse rak pratyaya kara rUdraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| vedameM agniko bhI rUdra kahA gayA hai (R. 1 / 27 / 10) 9 laukika saMskRtameM rUdra zabda prAyaH zaMkarake lie prayukta huA hai|1deg guNasAdRzyake AdhAra para zaMkara bhI kAlAntarameM rUdra kahalAye / (6) tigmam :- isakA artha hotA hai tIkSNa / niruktake anusAra - tigmaM 447 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ tejaterUtsAhakarmaNaH yaha zabda utsAhArthaka tij dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra tij nizAne dhAtu se mak pratyaya kara tigma zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 99 (7) Ayudham :- isakA artha zastra hotA hai| azva, ratha, dhanuSa, kavaca Adi yuddhopakaraNa kA yaha vAcaka hai| 12 RgvedameM isakA prayoga dhanuSavANake artha meM huA hai| 13 nirukttake anusAra AyudhamAyodhanAt isake anusAra AD yudh dhAtuke yogase Ayudha zabda niSpanna mAnA jAyagA kyoMki isakI sahAyatAse yuddha kiyA jAtA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra Ayukka pratyaya kara Ayudham zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 14 (8) didyut :- isakA artha Ayudha hotA hai| niruktake anusAra (1) didyut, dyatervA" yaha zabda do avakhaNDane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha zatruoMko avakhaNDana karatA hai| (2) dyutervA' isake anusAra yaha zabda dyu abhigame dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai kyoMki yaha zatruoMkI ora abhigamana karatA hai| (3) dyotatervA isake anusAra isa zabdameM dyut dIptau dhAtukA yoga hai, kyoMki yaha camakatA rahatA hai| prathama tathA aMtima nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai prathama nirvacanase kriyAtmakatA bhI spaSTa hotI hai / vyAkaraNake anusAra do avakhaNDaLkvip - dvitva kara yA dyut dAptau dhAtuse kvip - dvitva kara didyut zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| Rgveda meM yaha divyAstra yA vANakA vAcaka hai|94 (9) tokam :- isakA artha putra hotA hai| niruktake anusAra - tokam :1 toka zabda tud vyathane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha vyathAkA kAraNa hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| yAskake samayameM putra * tudyate : 1 C duHkhakA kAraNa hotA hogaa| Ajakala ise sukhakA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| Ajakala . isakI arthAtmakatA pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnI jaaygii| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra tu pUrtI dhAtuse kaH pratyaya kara tokam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 16 RgvedAdi meM toka santAna tathA vaMzajakA vAcaka hai| 17 RgvedameM putrake arthameM bhI isakA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| 18 (10) tanayam :- yAskane isakA artha pautra kiyA hai| tanayaM tanoteH 1 yaha zabda tanu vistAre dhAtu ke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isase vaMza paraMparA 448 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ kA vistAra hotA hai| kAlAntarameM yaha zabda patrake lie prayukta hone lgaa|19 ise arthAdeza kahA jaaygaa| yAskake uparyukta nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra tanu vistAre dhAtu se kayan pratyaya kara tanayam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|20 RgvedameM tanaya santAna yA vaMzajakA vAcaka hai|21 putrake arthameM bhI tanaya sambandhI yAskIya nirvacana upayukta hoNge| laukika saMskRtameM tanayaH zabda patrakA vAcaka hai|22 (11) jarA :- isakA artha stuti hotA hai| niruktake anusAra * jarA stutirjarateH stutikarmaNaH1 yaha zabda stutyarthaka jR dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isase stutikI jAtI hai yA yaha stutike lie prayukta hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM jarA zabda bur3hApekA vAcaka hai jo jRS vayohAnau dhAtu + a23 pratyayase niSpanna hotA hai| yAskake samayameM jRSstutau dhAtu rahA hogaa| jarA zabdameM artha parivartana mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM prayukta vRddhake lie jarA zabdameM to arthAdeza hI ho gayA hai| niruktameM jarA zabda bur3hApeke arthameM bhI prayukta haA hai| RgvedameM bhI jarA zabda bur3hApeke arthako dyotita karatA hai|24 (12) indraH :- yaha eka devatA vizeSakA nAma hai| niruktameM isake kaI nirvacana upalabdha hote haiN| (1) indra irAM dRNAtItivA' yaha meghako vidAraNa karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM irA + dR vidAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) irAM dadAtIti vA yaha anna pradAna karane vAlA hai| isake anusAra indra zabda meM irA + dA dhAtakA yoga hai| irA annakA vAcaka hai| (3) irAM dadhAtIti vA yaha annako dhAraNa karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM irA + dhA dhAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| yahAM bhI irA annakA hI vAcaka hai| irA + dhA - gha:= indrH| (4) irAM dArayate iti vA yaha meghakA vidAraNa karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM irA +caurAdika dR vidAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| irA meghakA vAcaka hai- irA+ dArayitA (da) indrH| (5) irAM dhArayate itivA yaha anna dhAraNa karane vAlA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM irA + dhR dhAraNe dhAtukA yoga hai| irA annakA vAcaka hai tathA caurAdika dhR dhAtu hai| 6. indave dravatIti vA jo somapAna ke nimitta yajJAdi meM jAtA rahatA hai| isake anusAra indu + dru gatau dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai| indu soma kA vAcaka hai| indu + du-drava indrH| 7- indau ramate itivA jo soma meM ramaNa karatA hai| isa zabdaM meM indu + ram krIr3AyAM dhAtu kA yoga hai| indu + ram + indrH| (8) indhe bhUtAnItivA jo prANiyoM ko anna dekara 449:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ balayukta karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM indha +rak hai yA indha zabda hI indra bana gayA hai| indha annakA vAcaka hai| uparyukta sabhI nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| dhvanyAtmakatA kisImeM pUrNa uparyukta nhiiN| ina nirvacanoMmeM svaragata evaM vyaMjanagata audAsinya spaSTa hai| indra zabdakA nirvacana brAhmaNa granthoMmeM bhI prApta hotA hai- tad yadenaM prANaiH samaindhastad indrasyendratvamiti vijJAyate25 prANAdhidevatAoM ne use uddIpita kiyA, yahI indrakA indratva hai| isake anusAra indra zabdameM indh dIptau dhAtu+rak pratyayakA yoga hai| indra zabda ke nirvacana prasaMgameM yAska apane pUrvavartI yA samakAlIna AcAryoM ke siddhAntoMkA bhI ullekha karate haiM- (1) AcArya AgrAyaNake anusAra idaMkaraNAdityAgrAyaNaH isane yaha saba kucha kiyA isalie indra khlaayaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM idam + kR karaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| idaM +5 idakaraH = indrH|(2)(k) AcArya aupamanyavake anusAra- idaM darzanAdityaupamanyavaH usane saba kucha darzana kiyA isalie indra khlaayaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM idaM + dRz darzane dhAtukA yoga hai| idaM + dRsh-idN-drshii-indrH| (kha) indatevairyakarmaNaH yaha paramaizvaryazAlI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM idi paramaizvarye dhAtukA yoga hai| (ga) indaM chatrUNAM dArayitA vA vaha paramaizvaryazAlI hokara zatruoM ko bhagAne vAlA hai| isake anusAra inda + dra- drAvi= indraH hai| duNijanta hai| (gha) indan zatrUNAM dArayitA vA paramairyazAlI hotA huA zatruoMko vidAraNa karane vAlA hai| isake anusAra indra + dR vidAraNe dhAtuke yogase ise niSpanna mAnA jaaygaa| yahAM bhI dR Nijanta hai (Ga) AdarayitA ca yajvanAm- yaha yajJa karane vAle logoMko Adara karane vAlA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM inda + dRG Adare dhAtukA yoga hai| AgrAyaNa evaM aupamanyavake nirvacana aitihAsika AdhAra rakhate haiM tathA kacha karmAzrita haiN| yAska ke nirvacana ina donoM AcAryoMke nirvacanoMkI apekSA adhika bhASA vaijJAnika hai| AcArya aupamanyava ke antima tIna nirvacana aitihAsika evaM dhArmika AdhAra rakhate haiN| idi aizvarye dhAtuse ran pratyaya kara indra zabda banAnA bhASA vaijJAnika AdhAra rakhatA hai| aupamanvaya ke nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka mahattvase yukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra idi paramaizvarye dhAtuse ran pratyaya kara indraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|26 (13) utsa :- niruktake anusAra utsa meghakA vAMcaka hai. (1) utsa utsaraNAt yaha Upara antarikSameM gamana karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM ut +sR gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) utsadanAdvA yaha Upara hI vikhara jAtA hai| 450:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya vAska
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________________ isake anusAra isa zabdameM ut +sad vizaraNagatyavasAdaneSu dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) utsyandanAdvA yaha Upara se hI stravita hotA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM ut +syand dhAtukA yoga hai| (4) unattervA yaha Ardra karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM undI kledane dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra undIkledane dhAtuse saH pratyaya kara utsam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| kAlAntarameM laukika saMskRtameM yaha zabda jala prastravaNasthAnake lie prayukta haA hai|8 ise artha vikAsakI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai jo lAkSaNika AdhAra rakhatA hai| (14) parjanya :- isakA artha megha hotA hai| niruktake anusAra (1) parjanyastRperAdyanta viparItasya tarpayitA janyaH yaha zabda tRpa tRptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| tRp dhAtuko Adyanta viparyaya kara tRp-pat +janyaH = parjanya: banAyA jAtA hai| yaha sabhI logoMko tRpta karane vAlA hotA hai| tarpa - janyaH, par3heM +janya:= prjnyH| (2) parAjetA vA yaha parjanya sarvotkRSTa jetA hai| akAla para vijaya prApta karane vAlA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM para +ji jaye dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) parojanayitA vA yaha sarvAdhika annAdi utpanna karane vAlA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdoM para +janI prAdurbhAva dhAtukA yoga hai| (4) prArjayitA vA rasAnAm yaha rasoko utpanna karane vAlA hai| paudhoMmeM rasa utpanna karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM pra + arju arjane dhAtukA yoga hai| arthAtmaka AdhAra sabhI nirvacanoMkA upayukta hai| tRtIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka mahatvase pUrNa hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jA sakatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra parjanyaH zabda pRSu secane dhAtuse nipAtanase siddha hotA hai SakArakA jakArameM parirvatana ho jAtA hai|29 parjanya indrakA bhI vAcaka hai|30 koSa granthoMke anusAra parjanya megha, indra tathA bAdalagarjanakA vAcaka hai|31 parjanya zabdameM artha vistAra pAyA jAtA hai| (15) vRhaspati :- vRhaspati zabdakA prayoga niruktameM, megha cAlaka vAyake artha meM prApta hotA hai| vRhaspatirbrahataHpAtA vA pAlayitA vA vaha mahAn jagat kA rakSaka hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM bRhat + pA rakSaNe dhAtu kA yoga hai| yA vaha isa mahAn jagat kA pAlana karane vAlA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM bRhat + pA pAlane dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana sAmAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka mahattva se pUrNa hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacanameM kiMcit dhvanyAtmaka 451:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ audAsinya hai| laukika saMskRtameM vRhaspati devagurUko kahA gayA hai|32 vaidika iNDeksameM vRhaspatiko stutike adhipati eka devatAkA nAma mAnA gayA hai|33 vAyuke arthameM vRhaspati zabdakA prayoga RgvedameM prApta hotA hai|34 vyAkaraNake anusAra yaha vRhatAM pati: (vRhatAM vAcAM patiH vRhaspati: suDAgama hokara nipAtita hotA hai|35 (16) camasa :- isakA artha hotA hai yajJapAtra yA vaha pAtra jisameM bhojana kiyA jaae| niruktake anusAra - camantyasminniti isa pAtra meM khAte haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM camu adane dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra camu adane dhAtuse asac pratyaya kara camasaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|36 Aja kalakA pracalita camaca zabda isase bhinna nhiiN| lekina camasa nizcaya hI camaca kI apekSA bar3A pAtra rahatA hogaa| camacase khAnA khAte haiM tathA vaidika kAlameM camasa pAtra meM khAnA khAte the| camasase sAmya rakhane vAlA camaca zabdameM Ajakala artha saMkoca mAnA jaaygaa| (17) brahmaNaspati :- isakA artha hotA hai-megha, jala rakSaka vaayu| niruktake anusAra- (1) brahmaNaH pAtA vA yaha annakA rakSaka hai| brahmaNa: annakA vAcaka hai isake anusAra brahmaNaH +pA rakSaNe dhAtuke yogase brahmaNaspatiH zabda niSpanna hotA hai| (2) brahmaNaH pAlayitAvA yaha annakA pAlaka hai| isake anusAra brahmaNa:+ pA pAlane dhAtake yogase brahmaNaspati:zabda niSpanna hotA hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai|bhASAvijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacanameM kiMcit dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai,isakA arthAtmaka mahatva hai|vyaakrnnke anusAra brahmaNa:patiH brahmaNaspati-suDAgamakara nipAtita hogANisa nirvacanakA AdhAra sAmAsika hai| (18) kSetrasya pati :- isakA artha hotA hai- kSetrarakSaka (vaayu)| nirukta ke anusAra kSetrasyapatiH kSetraM kSiyaternivAsa karmaNastasya pAtA vA pAlayitA vaa|38 kSetra zabda nivAsArthaka kSi dhAtake yoga se niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki isameM nivAsa kiyA jAtA hai| pati zabda pA rakSaNe yA pA pAlane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| prathama nirvacanameM kSetrasya +pA rakSaNe dhAtu hai tathA dvitIya nirvacana meM kSetrasya + pA pAlane dhAtukA yoga hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA kSetra kA rakSaka yA paalk| ina nirvacanoM kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| maikaDonala 452:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ tathA kIthane isakA artha kiyA hai- kSetra kA adhipati devatA / 39 (19) kSetram :- isakA artha hotA hai- bhUmi, nagara, zarIra, kalatra Adi / yAskake anusAra kSetraM kSiyate nivAsakarmaNa:38 arthAt kSetra zabda nivAsArthaka kSi dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai| nivAsa karanA artha rakhaneke kAraNa hI yaha bhUmi AdikA vAcaka hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kSi + STran pratyaya kara kSetram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 40 * (20) vAstoSpati :- isakA artha hotA hai AvAsakA adhipati (vAyu) niruktake anusAra vAsturvasaternivAsakarmaNaH tasya pAtA vA38 pAlayitA vA38 vAstu zabda gRhakA vAcaka hai yaha nivAsArthaka vas dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| usa vAstugRhakA rakSaka yA pAlaka vAstoSpati khlaaygaa| prathama nirvacanameM vAsto:+ pA rakSa dhAtukA yoga hai tathA dvitIya nirvacanameM vAsto: + pA pAlane dhaatukaa| donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra vAstorgRhakSetrasya patiradhiSThAtA / vAstoSpati gRhamedhAccha ca iti nipAtana dvArA aluk tathA Satva karake vAstoSpati zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai | 42 brAhma muhurta meM calane vAlI havA vAstoSpati kahalAtI hai| yaha rogoMko vinAza karane vAlI hotI hai| (21) vAstu :- isakA artha hotA hai bhUmi, gRha bhUmi gRha Adi / niruktake anusAra vAsturvasaternivAsakarmaNaH 38 arthAt vAstu zabda nivAsArthaka vas dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isa para nivAsa karate haiM yA isameM nivAsa karate haiN| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra vas nivAse + tun pratyaya kara vAstu zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai | 41 (22) zeva :- yaha sukhakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra zeva iti sukhanAma ziSyate rvakAro naamkrnno'ntsthaantropliNgii| vibhASitaguNaH zivamityapyasya bhavati / 38 yaha zabda hiMsArthaka ziS dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| ziS + va pratyaya hai| dhAtu sthita S kA lopa tathA AdyakSarakA vikalpa se guNa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra isake do rUpa banate haiM zeva evaM shiv| donoM hI sukhake vAcaka haiN| kyoMki ye duHkhako mAra bhagAte haiN| yahAM dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa saMgata nahIM / arthAtmaka AdhAra sarvathA saMgata hai| ziS dhAtuse zeva mAnanA bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise apazrutikA pariNAma hai| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra zI+van pratyaya kara zevam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 43 453 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (23) vAcaspati :- isakA artha hotA hai vANIkA rakSaka arthAt prANa vaay| nirukttake anusAra vAcaspatirvAca: pAtA vA pAlayitA vA|38 vAcaH vANIkA vAcaka hai tathA SaSThayanta pada hai| vAca:+ pA rakSaNe evaM pA pAlane dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna huA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA vANIkI rakSA karane vAlA yA vANIkA pAlana karane vaalaa| vAyuke abhAvameM vANIkA prAdurbhAva asaMbhava hai| donoM nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka mahattvase yukta haiN|bhaassaa vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jaaygaa|laukik saMskRtameM vAcaspati vRhaspatike lie prayukta hotA hai|vyaakrnnke anusAra vAcaHpatiH vAcaspatiHaluk visarga kA sa karanepara yaha zabda banegA jo sAmAsika zabda hai|44 (24) apAMnapAt :- yaha vidyutkA vAcaka hai| yAskakA kahanA hai ki apAMnapAt tanUnaptA vyAkhyAtaH apAMnapAt kI vyAkhyA tanUnaptA se ho gyii| arthAt jisa prakAra tanUnaptA zabdakA nirvacana hai usI prakAra apAMnapAt kA bhI nirvacana hogaa| napAt ke sambandhameM niruktameM kahA gayA hai- napAdityananantarAyAH prajAyA nAmadheyaM nirNatatamA bhavati5 arthAt pitAkI anantara santAna putra tathA ananantara pautra hai| ataH napAt pautrakA vAcaka hai| nirNatatama hone ke kAraNa napAt kahalAtA hai| arthAt pitA se nata putra tathA putrase natatama pautra hotA hai| apAM jalakA vAcaka hai| isI prakAra jalake pautra ko apAMnapAt kahA jaaygaa| jalase saMgharSaNa utpanna hotA hai tathA saMgharSaNa se vidyut utpanna hai| ata: vidyut jalakA pautra hai| yAska vidyut utpanna honekI vaijJAnika prakriyAkI ora saMketa karate haiN| yaha sAmAsika zabda hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (25) yama :- yaha mRtyuke devatA yamarAjakA vAcaka hai|46 nirukta ke anusArayamo yacchatIti sata:38 yaha zabda yama uparame dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki vaha logoMko jIvanase alaga karatA hai| yama agniko bhI kahA jAtA haiagnirapi yama ucyate38 agni kanyAke kanyAtvako naSTa karate haiN| vivAha meM agnikA sAkSI banAkara kanyAdAna hotA hai| vivAhake antara vaha kanyA na kahalAkara vadhU kahalAne lagatI hai| ata: agniko yama bhI kahA jAtA hai|47 isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra yam uparame dhAtuse ac pratyaya kara yama : zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|48 (26) mitra :- nirukta ke anusAra mitra vAyukA vAcaka hai. 1. mitraH pramItestrAyate38 yaha mRtyu se rakSA karatA hai| yaha jIvana pradAna karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM mA mAne + traiG pAlane dhAtu kA yoga hai| 2- samminvAno 454:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dravatItivA3yaha vRSTi karatI huI Age bar3hatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM mivi secane dru gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| 3- medayatervA38 yaha per3a paudhoM ko snigdha karatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM mid snehane dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama do nirvacanoM meM dodo dhAtuoM kA prayoga huA hai| vAyuke arthameM mitrakA nirvacana arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| tRtIya nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra bhI saMgata hai- mid + rak= mitrH| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra tRtIya nirvacanako upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM mitraH sUryake lie prayukta hotA hai|49 vyAkaraNake anusAra mid snehane dhAtuse katraH pratyaya kara mitram zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|50 (27) kRSTi :- yaha manuSyakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra 1- kRSTaya iti manuSya nAma karmavanto bhavanti38 manuSya karmavAna hote haiN| isake anusAra kRSTi meM kR dhAtukA yoga hai| 2. vikRSTadehA vA ye vikRSTa deha vizeSa rUpa se saMcAlita zarIra vAle hote haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kRS dhAtukA yoga hai| dvitIya nirvacana kA arthAtmaka evaM dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| prathama nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kRSTiH zabda kRS +ktica pratyaya kara banAyA jA sakatA hai (kRSatyanta vaM vidyA locanAbhyAsAdibhirasau) isake anusAra isakA artha paNDita hogaa| kRS + bhAve ktin pratyaya kara bhI kRSTiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai jo manuSya kA vAcaka hogaa| (28) ka :- praannvaayuH| niruktake anusAra kaH kamano vA kramaNo vA sukho vA38 yaha kamanIya hotA hai| kAmiyoM ke kAmya (prayojana) meM sAdhana hotA hai yA yaha prANApAnAdivAyu ke rUpa meM zarIrameM saMkramaNa karatA hai yA yaha sukhaprada hai, sukha kA vAcaka hai| prathama nirvacanameM kam kAntI dhAtukI sambhAvanA kI gayI hai dvitIya meM kram pAdavikSepe dhaatukii| tRtIya meM mAtra artha saMketita hai| kam evaM kram dhAtukA AdyakSara zeSa kaH prANavAyuke arthameM pratipAdita hai|sukhaarthk ka: bhI inhIM dhAtuoM se mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha zabda ekAkSara hai| prathama nirvacanameM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka saMgati pUrNa upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa ke arthAtmaka mahattva haiN| vyAkaraNakeanusAra kai zabde yA kav dIptau dhAtuse DapratyayakarakaHzabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|prkoss granthoM meM ka:53 brahmA tathA kampamastaka kA vAcaka hai| (29) hiraNyagarbha :- yaha lokeza, brahmAkA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra hiraNyamayo garbho'syeti vaa|38 hiraNyamaya garbha hai jisakA use hiraNyagarbha kahA jaaygaa| yaha sAmAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| durgAcArya ne hiraNyagarma kA artha 455: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vijJAnamaya garbha kiyA hai| kyoMki sabhI prANiyoM ke andara usI kA prakAza hai|55 yAskane isakA vigraha kara hI ise spaSTa kiyA hai| yAskake anusAra yaha vavrIhi samAsa mAnA jaaygaa| yoM to hiraNyamayazcAsau garbhazca isa prakAra vigraha kara karmadhAraya bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra hiraNyaM hemabhANDaM garbha utpattisthAnamasya vavrIhi samAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| (30) garbha :- isakA artha hotA hai. kukSI , bhrUNa aadi| nirukta ke anusAra 1. go gRbhegaNAtyarthe 38. garbhazabda stutyarthaka gRbha dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoki yaha saboM ke lie stutya hai| 2. giratyanAniti vA38 athavA garbhazabda gR nigaraNe dhAtake yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha anarthoM ko naSTa karatA hai| uparyukta donoM nirvacanoM kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra inheM saMgatamAnA jaaygaa| yAska strIgarbha ko bhI graha upAdane dhAtuse banA mAnate haiM-yadA hi strIgaNAn gRhaNAti gaNAzcAsyA gRhyante'tha garbho bhavati38. jaba strI purUSake gaNoMko grahaNa karatI hai tathA puruSa ke dvArA isake guNagrahaNa kie jAte haiM taba garbha hotA hai| strI purUSake paraspara guNoMke grahaNase harSAtireka meM rajavIrya saMyogase garma hotA hai| isake anusAra garbha meM graha dhAtu spaSTa hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra isakA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| pANinIya paddhati meM bhU dhAtu vaidika evaM prAcIna hai isakA laukika rUpa ha ne grahaNa kara liyaa| isI prakAra grama bhI vaidika evaM prAcIna dhAtu hai laukika saMskRta meM graha usakA rUpa prApta kara letA hai|56 isase spaSTa hotA hai ki bha evaM ha dhvaniyAM parivartita hotI haiN| ataH graha upAdAne dhAtuse garbha zabda mAnanA bhASA vaijJAnika AdhArase upayukta hogaa| yAskake kAla taka gram dhAtukA prayoga hotA hogA tathA graha dhAtukA bhii| vyAkaraNake anusAra gR + bhan pratyaya kara garbha: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|57 (31) vizvakarmA :- yaha paramAtmA yA prANa vAyukA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra vizvakarmA sarvasya kartA58 yaha sabhI jIvoMkA kartA hai| yaha eka sAmAsika zabda hai| isa nirvacanakA AdhAra bhI sAmAsika hai| vizva pUrvapada hai jo sarva kA vAcaka hai tathA uttara pada karman kartA kA vAcaka hai| karman meM kR dhAtukA yoga hai| isa zabdameM mAtra artha spaSTa hI karanA yAskakA uddezya rahA hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra bhI vizveSu vizva vA karma yasya sa vizvakarmA mAnA jaaygaa| durgAcArya vizvakarmA ko madhyamasthAnIya devatA vAyu mAnate haiM kyoMki ve bhUta bhaviSya evaM vartamAna jagat ke kartA haiN| sabhI kArya-kalApoMmeM vAyu hI AdhAra hai|59 456:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (32) tAryaH :- yaha vAyu kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- 1- tAya'stvaSTrA vyAkhyAta:58 tArkSya kI vyAkhyA tvaSTA se hI mAna lenI caahie| yAskane tvaSTA kI vyAkhyA ni. 82 meM kI hai| 2. tIrNe anterikSe kSiyati58 arthAta yaha prastuta antarikSameM nivAsa karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM tIrNa + kSi nivAse dhAtukA yoga hai| 3. tUrNamartha rakSati58 yaha zIghra hI kArya siddha karatA hai yA jalakI rakSA karatA hai|60 isake anusAra isa zabdameM tUrNa + rakS dhAtukA yoga hai| 4- aznotervA58 athavA yaha zIghra hI vyApta kara letA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM tUrNa + az vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| sabhI nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka mahattva hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra- tArtha + yaJ pratyaya kara tArthyaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|61 (33) manyu :- isakA artha hotA hai vAyuke gatimedase utpanna krodhA niruktake anusAra-manyurmanyatedardIptikarmaNaH krodhakarmaNo badhakarmaNo vA58 yaha zabda dIptyarthaka, krodhArthaka yA vadhArthaka mana dhAtake yogase niSpanna hotA hai| niruktameM manya ko madhyamasthAnIya par3hA gayA hai| krodhArthaka dIptyarthaka manyu zarIrake bhItara sthita vAyuke gatibhedase utpanna hotA hai| sUkSma dRSTise manyu tathA krodha meM antara hai| krodhameM vyakti apanI buddhi kho detA hai lekina manyukI sthiti meM manuSya ke pAsa buddhi yathAvat kAma karatI rahatI hai| isa nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra man- dhAtuse yuH pratyaya kara manyuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|62 (34) madhu :- yaha jala yA puSparasakA vAcaka hai| isakI vyAkhyA caturtha adhyAyameM bhI kI jA cukI hai| madhuke saMbaMdha yAskakA kahanA hai-madhu dhamateviparItasya58 arthAt madhu zabda gatyarthaka gham dhAtuko viparIta kara banAyA jAtA hai| dhamakA viparIta madha + u prtyyumdhu| jala evaM rasa gatimAn hotA hai| caturtha adhyAyameM madhu zabda puSparasake arthameM vivecita hai jise mad dhAtuse niSpanna mAnA gayA hai|63 dazama adhyAyameM madhu jalakA vAcaka hai jisake lie yAska dham dhAtakI kalpanA karate haiN| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| maddhAtuse madhu mAnanA bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTimeM adhika saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra man jJAne + u,dha kA antAdeza kara madhu zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|64 (35) savitA :- isakA artha hotA hai- preraka vAyu,pArthiva agni, aadity| nirukta ke anusAra savitA sarvasya prasavitA isake anusAra savitA zabdameM sU preraNe dhAtu kA yoga hai kyoMki yaha sabhI kA preraka hai| Aditya ko bhI 457:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ savitA kahA jAtA hai| gAyatrI mantra kA savitaH zabda AdityakA hI vAcaka hai| Aditya vAcaka savitA zabdake lie bhI uparyukta nirvacana hI upayukta hai| sadRza karmake kAraNa savitAko Aditya kahA gayA hai|65 niruktameM pArthiva agniko bhI savitA kahA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha agnihotra Adi kamoMkA utpAdaka hai, sabhI kA preraka hai| uparyukta nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM atmika AdhArase yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM Adityake arthameM hI savitAkA prayoga prAya: dekhA jAtA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra-sU preraNe dhAtuse tRca56 pratyaya kara savitR- savitA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (36) hiraNyastUpa :- yaha eka sUkta vizeSakA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra 1. hiraNyastUpo hiraNyamayastUpo58 hiraNyastUpa kA artha hotA hai hiraNyamaya stUpa arthAt tejo maya punyj| yaha sAmAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| isameM karmadhAraya samAsa hai| 2- hiraNyamaya: stUpo'syeti vA58 hiraNyamayastUpa tejomaya puJja hai jisako ise hiraNyastUpa kheNge| yaha bhI sAmAsika AdhAra para AdhArita hai| isameM vahatIhi samAsa hai| yAskane sAmAsika vigrahake dvArA isakA artha spaSTa kiyA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra yaha saMgata hai| (37) stUpa :- yaha samUhakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra stUpa: styAyate:58 yaha zabda styai zabda saMghAtayoH dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nhiiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa saMgata nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra stu stutI dhAtu se pa:71 pratyaya kara stUpaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| sAyaNane styai dhAtuse hI isako niSpanna mAnA hai|72 (38) asuratvam :- isakA artha hotA hai-prajJAktA, prANaktA tathA dhnktaa| niruktake anusAra asuratvamekaM prajJAvatvaM vAnnavatvaM vApipa8 arthAta asa prajJA yA prANako kahate haiN| asura meM sthita ra pratyaya matavartha kA hai| asa prajJAkA nAma hai kyoMki prajJA anarthoM ko dUra kara detI hai| punaH isa prajJAmeM samI padArtha rakha die jAte haiN|67 athavA yAskake anusAra vasuratva hI asuratva ho gayA hai| vasuratva kA Adi akSara va lopa hone para asuratva bcaa| vasuratvakA artha hotA hai dhnvttaa| vasu dhanakA vAcaka hai| yahAM asura zabda devatAkA vAcaka hai kAlAntarameM asura zabda suravirodhIkA vAcaka ho gayA hai| niruktake tRtIya adhyAya meM bhI asura zabda kA vivecana haA hai|68 bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise bhI yaha nirvacana apUrNa hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra asa +urana pratyaya kara asura zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|69 Rgveda meM hI asurazabda sura virodhIke rUpameM prayukta 458:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai|70 (39) vAta :- yaha vAyukA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra vAto vAtIti sata:58 yaha zabda vA gatigandhanayo: dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki vaha gamana karatI hai yA gati yukta hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka tathA arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra vA gatigandhanayo:+ tan pratyaya kara vAtaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|73 (40) vena :- yaha nAbhisthAnastha samAnavAyakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra veno venate: kAntikarmaNa:74 yaha zabda kAntyarthaka ven dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA haiN| kAnti icchArthaka hai| kyoMki yaha samAna vAyu saboMkA ipsita hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| yAskake anusAra ven+ghaJ pratyaya hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra aj gatau dhAtuse na pratyaya kara aj kA vA75 Adeza +na:76 = vena: banAyA jA sakatA hai| (41) jarAyu :- yaha garbhAzayakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra 1- jarAyurjarAyA garbhasya 2- jarayA yUyata itivA74 garbha kI vRddhi se isameM bhI vRddhi hotI hai athavA yaha jarA (jera nAbhi sUtra) se milA rahatA hai| isa nirvacana ke anusAra jarA+ yU mizraNe dhAtuke yoga se yaha zabda niSpanna mAnA jaaygaa| prathama nirvacanameM mAtra artha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| antima nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra-jarA+ iN gatau + RNa pratyaya kara jarAyaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| jarAmeti jarAyaH77 (42) zizuH :- bccaa| niruktake anusAra 1- zizuH zaMsanIyo bhavati 4 yaha sabake dvArA zaMsanIya hotA hai| saba loga ise cAhate haiN| isake anusAra zizu zabdameM zaMsa stutau dhAtRkA yoga hai| 2- zizItervA syAdAnakarmaNa:74 yaha zabda ziza dAnakarmA dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki ise patnI ko dhAraNa karane ke lie pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| prathama nirvacanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa|vyaakrnnke anusAra zo tanU karaNe + u:79 yA zaz plutagatau+ kuH pratyaya kara zizuHzabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (43) rihanti :- isakA artha hotA hai- stuti karate haiM, bar3hAte haiM, pUjA karate haiN| nirukta ke anusAra- rihanti, lihanti, stuvanti, vardhayanti, pUjayantItivA74 yaha zabda liha stutau , vRddhau , pUjAyAJca dhAtu ke yoga se 459:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ niSpanna hotA hai| yahAM la kA ra varNa meM parivartana ho gayA hai| ralayorabhedaH kA siddhAnta yAskako mAnya hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra lih + jhi = lihanti, riMhanti banAyA jA sakatA hai|80 (44) asunIti :- yaha prANavAyukA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra - asunItirasU nnayati74 isa zabdameM asun + nI prApaNe dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (45) indu :- yaha candramAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra indu rindherUnattervA 74 indu zabda indhI dIptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha prakAzita hotA hai| athavA yaha zabda undI kledane dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki vaha snigdha karatA hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / dvitIya nirvAcanakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra undI kledane dhAtuse u pratyaya kara induH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (46) pancchepa :- parUcchepa eka RSi haiN| niruktake anusAra parvavacchepaH arthAt jisakA prajanana mahAn hai / 2- parUSi parUSi zepo'syeti vA74 arthAt isake pratyeka aMgameM zepa kA yoga hai| prathama nirvacanake anusAra parvan + zepa tathA dvitIya nirvacanake anusAra parUS+zepa padakhaNDa hai| dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| prathama nirvacana meM dhvanyAtmaka audAsinya hai| (47) prajApati :- isakA artha hotA hai prajApAlaka / niruktake anusAra prajApatiH prajAnAM pAtA vA pAlayitA vA 44 vaha prajA kA rakSaka hotA hai yA pAlana kartA hotA hai| isake anusAra prajApatiH zabdameM prajA + pA rakSaNe yA pAlane dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha sAmAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra prajAnAM patiH prajApatiH tatpuruSa samAsa hai| (48) budhnam :- yaha antarikSakA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra budhna mantarikSam vaddhA asmin dhRtA Apaiti vA74 isameM jala baMdhe rahate haiN| yA isameM rakhe rahate hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM bandh bandhane dhAtukA yoga hai| budhanakA artha zarIra bhI hotA hai| idamapItarad vudhnametasmAdeva / vaddhA asmin dhRtAH prANA iti74 zarIra vAcaka bughna zabda bhI uparyukta rItise hI vyAkhyAta hai, kyoMki zarIrameM prANa baMdhe haiM yA zarIra meM prANa dhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise 460: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (49) ahirbudhya :- isakA artha hotA hai antarikSa sthita megh| niruktake anusAra yo'hiH sa budhyo budhamantarikSaM tannivAsAt74 jo ahi hai vahI vudhya hai| buna kA artha antarikSa hotA hai, tathA usa buna (antarikSa) meM rahane vAle ko badhya kheNge| ahiH + budhnyaH = ahirbudhyH| isakA bhASA vaijJAnika AdhAra upayukta hai| isa nirvacana meM dhvanyAtmaka tathA arthAtmaka saMgati hai| (50) purUravA :- isakA artha hotA hai madhyama sthAnIya vaayu| niruktake anusAra puravA vahadhA roruyate74 vaha vahadhA zabda karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM purU + rU zabde dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASAvijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| kAlAntara meM purUravA aitihAsika pAtra ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai, jo ilA kA putra hai| -: sandarbha saMketa : 1 . ni. 10 / 1, 2 - kR vA pAji - uNA. 1 / 1 Ato yuk - aSTA. 7 / 3 / 33,3 - halAyugha - pR.673,4 - kR vRdAribhya unan - uNA.3153, 5. karmaNyaN - aSTA. 32 / 1,6 - a. ko.2|8|118, 7 - sa kila pitaraM prajApatimiSaNAvindhyantamanuzocan arUdat - yadarUdataddrasya rUdratvam - kAThaka sN.25|1 (ni. 10 / 1) yadarodIttad rUdrasya rUdratvam - (ni. 1011) hAridravika saM., 8 - roderNiluk ca - uNA. 2222, 9 - jarAbodha tada viviDDivizevize yajJiyAya stomaM rUdrAya dRshiikm|| R. 1 / 27 / 10, 10 - ama. ko. 1 / 1 / 34, 11 - yujirUcitijAM kuzca - uNA. 1 / 146, 12 - ai. brA. 7 / 19 / 2, 13 . R. 1 / 39, 2261, 13 / 92 Adi (dra. vai. i. bhA. 1 pR.68), 14 - ghArthe kavidhAnam - sthA snA pA haniyudhyartham - vA. 3 / 3 / 58, 15 - R. 1 / 667, 5863, 7 / 25 / 1,2 / 1317 (draM. vai. iNDa. bhAga 1 pR. 402) 16 . tauti pUrayati gRhmiti| tu pUrtI + vAhulakAt kaH (zabda kalpadruma - bhAga 2 - pR.650), 17 . kra. 164312, 2 / 2 / 11 Adi atharve - 1 / 132 Adi, 18 - R. 1 / 31 / 12 aadi|, 19 - a. ko. 216 / 27,20 - valimalitanibhyaH kayan . uNA. 4 / 99, 21 . 196 / 4, 183 / 3, 184,5, 2 23 / 19, 7 / 1 / 21 Adi, 22 - halA. pR. 324 (cai. i. bhAga 1 pR. 333), 23 . SidbhidAdibhyoG . aSTA. 3 / 3 / 104, 24 . R. 1086 / 11, ni. 11 / 4, 25. za.pa.bA. 6 / 11 / 2, 26. Rjendra. uNA. 2 / 28, 27. undigudhikraSibhyazca-uNA. 3168, 28. a.ko .. 2 / 3 / 5, 29. parjanya: unnaa.3|103,30. parjanyaH zakrameghayoH uNA.pra.si.ko. (dra.),31. parjanyo rasadabdendro- a. ko. 3 / 3 / 147 parjanyo megha zabde'pi dhvanadambudazakrayoH 461:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vizva . 121 / 83, 32 . vRhaspati : surAcAryo gISpatirdhiSaNo gurU: a. ko . 1 / 3 / 24, 33. dra.vai .i. bhAga-2 pR. 78, 34. R. 101688, 35. pAraskara prabhRtIni ca saMjJAyAm- aSTA. 6 / 1/157 dra- halAyudha-pRSTha636, 36. atyavicami. uNA. 3 / 117, 37. pAraskara prabhRtIni ca saMjJAyAm aSTA 6 / 1 / 157, 38. ni. 102, 39. vai. i. bhAga-2-pR. 235, 40 halA. 259 pRSTha, 41. halA. pR. 606, 42 . halA. ko. pR. 606, 43. iNzIbhyAM van- uNA 91950, 44. SaSThayAH patiputrapRSThapArapadapayaspoSeSu- aSTA. 813153, 45. ni. 8 / 2, 46. R. 10.14 / 1, 47. R. 1/66 4 48 pacAdyac- aSTA 3191934, 49. a.ko. 3 / 3 / 167, 50. amicimidizasibhya ktraH :- aSTA 4 / 1 / 64, 51. kamano bhvti| kAminAM kAmyeSu artheSu sAdhanaM bhavati ni. du.bR. 10 / 2 52. anyebhyo'pi . vA. 3 2 101, 53. abhi. cintA 2 / 125, a.purA. - 348, 54. abhi. cintA. 3 / 230, 55. zarIrendriya mano buddhibhAvenaitamapekSya paramAtmAnaM ca vijJAnaprakAzamAtra satatvaM sarvavizeSahAritvAt hiraNyagarbhamapekSya tatprakRtitvaM ca kSetrajJasyApekSya so'sya hiraNyamayo hiraNyaprakRti garbha iti hiraNyagarbha ni. du.vR. 10 / 2, 56. aSTA. 8|2 / 32 para. vA. hagrahorbhacchandasi 57. artigRbhyAM bhanuNA. 3 / 152, 58. ni. 1013, 59. ni. du.vR. 103, 60 tUrNam udaka rakSatItivA-ni. du.vR. 103, 61. gargAdibhyo yaJ- aSTA. 4191905, 62. manijanidasibhyo yuH uNA. 3 / 20, 63. ni. 419, 64. halA. pR. 511, 65. Adityo'pi savitocyate - ni. 103, 66. aSTA 3/1/133, 67. asuriti kathaM? asyati anarthAn astAzcAsyAmarthA iti vA ni. du.vR. 1013, 68. ni. 3 / 2, 69. halA. pR. 144, 70. R. 10 / 108 / 1 ni. 113, 71. stuvodIrghazca- uNA 3 / 25 iti pa:, 72. styai zabdasaMghAtayoH / styaH samprasAraNamUcca iti ya pratyayaH / tatsanniyogena yakArasya samprasAraNaM parapUrvatve UkArAdezazca sA.bhA. R. 1 24 7, 73. hasimRgriNa- uNA 3486, 74. ni. 10 / 4, 75. ajervyaghaJapo:- aSTA 2|4|56, 76. dhApRvasyajyatibhyonaHuNA. 3 / 6, 77. kiMjarayo : zriNa:- uNA. 114, 78. dAnArthAt zizItervA puruSeNa striyai dhAraNAya dIyate - ni. du.vR. 104, 79 . zaH kit sanvacca-uNA. 1 / 20, 80. aSTA. 3 / 4 / 78, 81. unnericyAde:- uNA 1 / 12. * (Ga) niruktake ekAdaza adhyAyake nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana nighaNTu kA paMcama adhyAya daivata kANDa hai| isa adhyAyake paMcama khaNDa meM devatAoM se sambaddha 36 pada saMkalita haiN| ina padoM kA nirvacana nirukta ke 462 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ekAdaza adhyAyameM haA hai| niruktake ekAdaza adhyAyameM kula 56 zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiN| inameM nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyake paMcama khaNDake 36 pada bhI sammilita haiN| isa prakAra 20 pada aise haiM jo devatAoM se sambaddha haiM yA prasaMgata: prApta haiN| nighaNTu paThita ukta sabhI 36 padoMkI vyAkhyA bhI yAska nahIM karate kevala prasaMgataH una padoMkA ullekha kara pUrva meM vyAkhyAta hai, kaha kara kAma calA lete haiN| vastuta: vaise padoMko puna: vivecita karanA punarukti doSa se yukta hotaa| itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki nighaNTu paThita ye sAre zabda pradhAna rUpameM yahAM paThita haiN| ata: aise zabdoMkA nirvacana yahIM karanA cAhie thA jabaki prasaMgata: Aye ye hI zabda yAskake dvArA pUrva hI vyAkhyAta haiN| pUrva vyAkhyAta zabdoMmeM vizvAnaraH, vidhAtA,rUdraH,aMgirasa ,pitaraH, aditiH, bhRgavaH sarasvatI, vAk, yamI, urvazI, pRthivI, gauH, uSA, svasti aura ilA parigaNita haiN| isa prakAra nighaNTu ke paMcama adhyAya ke paMcama khaNDa ke 36 pada bhI vyAkhyAta nahIM hai| yAskake sAre nirvacana bhASA vijJAna evaM nirvacana prakriyA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| yAska eka pada kA ekAdhika nirvacana bhI prastuta karate haiN| eka se adhika nirvacanoM meM sabhI nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise upayukta nahIM haiM bhASA vijJAnakI daSTise pUrNa nirvacanoMmeM somaH, candramA, candraH, mRtyuH,dhAtA, kalazaH, svarkaH, tRSNak, udanyuH, RbhuH, atharvANaH, AptyAH , AgaH, enasa, saramA, jaguriH, takma, rasA, svasA, stukaH, naryaH, indrANI, dhenaH, adhyA, pathyA aura anaH draSTavya hai| ina nirvacanoM meM kucha padoM ke ekAdhika nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa bhI haiN| " dhvanyAtmaka zithilatAke calate kucha nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTi se apUrNa mAne jAte haiN| dhvanyAtmaka zaithilya se yukta-candramA, candraH, cArU, svarkaH, sUcI tathA kahaH zabdake nirvacana prApta hote haiN| isake atirikta marutaH,RbhaH, aMgirasa, kilviSam, gaurI tathA rodasI ke nirvacana bhI bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa hai| dhvanyAtmaka yA arthAtmaka yA ubhaya zithilatA hI isake kAraNa haiN| candra evaM caMdramA zabdake nirvacana jyotiSa zAstrIya AdhArase yukta haiN| kali: zabdake nirvacana meM dhArmika AdhAra pratilakSita hotA hai| kalA zabdake nirvacana meM yAska ne dRzyAtmaka AdhAra ko apanAyA hai| __ saramA tathA anumati zabda ke nirvacanoMmeM yAska apanI aitihAsikatAkA paricaya dete haiN| isase ukta zabdoMke AdhArameM itihAsakI pRSThabhUmi spaSTa hotI hai| sinIvAlI zabda sAmAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| isake nirvacanameM yAska sAdRzyako bhI apanAte haiN| 463:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nirvacana prakriyA se prAyaH zabdoM ke nirvacana saMgata haiN| nirukta sampradAyameM mAnya siddhAntoMke anusAra paMcavidha nirukta prazasta hai| phalata: yAskane isa siddhAnta ko pUrNarUpeNa apanAyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki nirvacana prakriyA se sarvathApUrNa bhI nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa siddha hote haiN| isa adhyAyake pratyeka padoM ke nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana draSTavya hai : (1) soma :- yaha eka latA vizeSa auSadhikA vAcaka hai| candramAke lie bhI isakA prayoga hotA hai| soma latA hemavAn yA muMjavAna parvata para utpanna hotI hai| niruktake anusAra auSadhiH somaH sunoteryadenamabhiSuNvantira arthAt yaha auSadhi vAcaka soma zabda Su abhiSave dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki isakA amiSavana kiyA jAtA hai, yajJake samaya isakA rasa culAyA jAtA hai| somalatA ko kUTakara rasa nikAlA jAtA hai jise somAbhiSava kahate haiN| soma indrakA sarvAdhika priya peya hai| yajJoMke avasara para Rtvija, yajamAna Adi bhI isakA pAna karate haiN| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| soma candramAkA bhI vAcaka hai kyoMki donoMmeM rUpa vizeSa kI ekatA hai| soma auSadhi ke patra candrakalAke sAtha-sAtha ghaTate evaM bar3hate haiN| jisa prakAra candramA pUrNimAkI rAtrimeM pUrNakalAoMse yukta rahatA hai usI prakAra soma latA bhI 15 phtoMse yukta rahatI hai tathA kalAhIna candramAkI bhAMti amAvAzyA ko patra vihIna bhii| yAskake anusAra auSadhi somakA varNana vedoM meM gauNa rUpameM adhika prApta hotA hai tathA mukhya rUpameM kama pAyA jAtA hai|5 vyAkaraNake anusAra SudhAtu se man pratyaya kara soma zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| avestAmeM soma zabda ke lie (Hauma) homakA prayoga prApta hotA hai| (2) candramA :- cndr| nirukta ke anusAra (1) candrazcAyana dramati yaha Upara sthita sabhI prANiyoM ko dekhatA huA gamana karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabda meM cAya pUjA nizAmanayoH dhAtu + dram gatau dhAtukA yoga hai- cAydram = candraH cndrmaa| (2) candro mAtA vaha dIptiyukta evaM kAla nirmAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM candra +mA mAne dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) cAdraM mAnamasyeti vA arthAta yaha cAndra varSa kA nirmANa karane vAlA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM cAndra+ mAn kA yoga hai| cAndra kA hrasva hokara candra tathA mAna ko mA= cndrmaa| dvitIya nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoM kA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| tRtIya nirvacana se spaSTa hotA hai ki cAndra varSa Adi kA kAraNa 464:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ candramA hI hai| vyAkaraNAke anusAra candra + mA + asun pratyaya kara candramA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| candramA zabdakA artha camakalA huA candra bhI ho sakatA hai| niruktake isa adhyAyameM candra zabda prakAza yA camaka ke arthameM mI prayukta hai| yAska ke candra +mA tathA candra+mAn ke antima khaNDa mAropIya parivAra kI kucha bhASAoM meM zdadaha ke rUpameM prApta hai| (3) candra :- isakA artha hotA hai. candramA nirUkta ke anusAra (1) candrazcandateH kAntikarmaNaH candra zabda kAntyarthaka cadi dhAnukai yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha kAnti sampanna hotA hai| (2) cArudramati yaha sundara gati karatA hai| isake anusAra candra meM cAru+dram yatI dhAtukA yoga hai| cArU kA ca + dram candraH(3) ciraMdramati yaha adhika samaya taka gati karatA hai| isake anusAra candra zabdameM cisca dram yatI dhAnukA yoga hai| (4) cammApUrvarUpam candra zabdameM camu adane dhAtu pUrva padastha hai cam + dram gaucndrH| kRSNapakSa meM sUrya isakI kiraNoMkA pAna karate haiN| sUrya se pIta candra gamana karatA hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| antima nirvacana jyotiSa zAstrIya AdhAra skhatA hai yA grahAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| zeSa niyamoM ke mI arthAtmaka mahatva haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra cadi AjAdane ra pratyaya kara candraH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (4) candanam :- zrIkhaNDA niruktake anusAra (1) candateH candana zabda kAntyarthaka cadi ghAluke yogAsai niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha kAntimAn hotA hai| (2) cArU dramati candanakA sugandha sarvatra vyApta ho jAtA hai| isake anusAra cArU ca*dram dhAtukai yogase yaha zabda niSpanna mAnA jaaygaa| (3) ciraM dramati adhika samaya taka isakA sugandha vyApta rahatA hai| isake anusAra ciscadram dhAtukA yoma isa zabda meM mAnA jaaynnaa|| (8) cyamai-pUrvarUpam candana ke pUrva padameM camu adane dhAtukA yoga hai, kyoMki auSadhikai rUpameM ise khAyA jAtA hai| prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra prathama nirvacanako upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| zeSakA mAtra arthAtmaka mahatva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra cadi ahlAdane dhAtusa lyuT pratyaya kara candanam zabda banAyA jA sakatA (5) cArU :- isakA artha hotA hai sundr| niruktake anusAscArU rUce viparIvasya yaha zabda rUca dIptau chAtuko viparIta kara banAyA jA sakatA hai-rUca-carU cAsna baha dIptimmAna hotA hai| nirvacana prakriyA ke anusAra ise 465 vyutpati vijJAna aura AcArya sAska
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________________ upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| dhvanyAtmaka mahatva isakA pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra car gatau dhAtuse aN pratyaya kara cArU zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|11|| (6) mRtyu :- nidhn| zarIra se prANa vAyukA nikala jAnA mRtya hai| niruktake anusAra- mRtyuriyatIti sata: yaha logoM ko mAratI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM mRG prANa tyAge dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| yAska mRtyu zabdaka nirvacana kramameM AcArya zatavalAkSyake matakA bhI ullekha karate haiM mRtaM cyAvayatIti zatavalAkSyamaudgalyaH mudgalake apatya zatavalAkSake anusAra mRtyu mRtakako dUsare lokameM le jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM mRta+cyu gatau dhAtukA yoga hai (mRt mR + cyu =mRtyuH)12 yaha mAtra arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| mRtyo madervA mudervA mRtyu zabda madyA mudddhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| yaha nirvacana arthAtmaka dRSTi se bhI upayukta nahIM hai| yAskake nirvacanake atirikta sabhI nirvacanoMmeM dhvanyAtmakatAkA abhAva hai| DA. varmA ise asaMgata mAnate haiN|13 vyAkaraNake anusAra-mRGprANatyAge dhAtuse tyuk pratyaya kara mRtyuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|14 (7) dhAtA :- yaha sarasa vAyakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-dhAtA sarvasya vidhAtA yaha sabhI oSadhiyoMkA sraSTA hai| auSadhiyoM ko sarasatA pradAna kara baDhAne cAlA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM dhA dhAraNa poSaNayordAne ca dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaaygaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra dhA + tRc = dhAtR dhAtA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|15 (8) vidhAtA :- vidhAtA kI svataMtra vyAkhyA nahIM hai| yaha dhAtAke samAna hI vyAkhyAta hai| (9) kalaza :- yaha ghaTakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-kalA asmiMccherate mAtrA: isameM jalakI mAtrA rahatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kalA kA kala +zI zayane dhAtukA yoga hai-16 kalA-kala +zIG-zaH =kalaza: isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra-kala +zugatau +Ga:17 = kalaza: yA ka +las + ac18 = kalasaHzabda banAyAjA sakatA hai(kalaMmadhurAvyaktazabdaM zavati jalapUraNasamaye prApnotIti kls:| kala +zu gatau-Da:= kalaza:)19 kalaza tathA kalasa donoM zabda prayukta hote haiN| nirvANa tantra meM bhI kalasakA nirvacana prApta hotA hai jo dhArmika evaM aitihAsika mahattva rakhatA hai|21 466:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (10) kali :- isakA artha kaliyuga hai / niruktake anusAra-kaliH kirate: vikIrNa mAtrA : yaha zabda kRvikSepe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki kaliyuga meM zAstrIya vyavasthAeM vikhara jAtI haiN| kR-kara, ra kAla meM parivartana + iH kara kaliH ralayoraikyam ke anusAra ra kAla meM tathA la kA ra meM parivartana prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai| isa prakArakA parivartana bhASA vijJAnake anusAra bhI mAnya hai| yaha nirvacana dhArmika AdhAra rakhatA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kal gatau dhAtuse iH pratyaya kara yA kal+ in pratyaya kara kaliH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 22 (11) kalA :- kArIgarI / niruktake anusAra kalAH kiratervikIrNamAtrAH kalA zabda kR vikSepe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| kalA apane samUha se vikharI rahatI haiN|23 kR-kara-ra kA la meM parivartana- kal + ac = kl-klaa| bhASA cijJAnake anusAra bhI isa prakArakA parivartana mAnya hai| isa nirvacanakA AdhAra dRzyAtmaka hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kal zabdasaMkhyAnayo: + ac pratyaya kara kelA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 24 (12) marutaH :- yaha madhya sthAnIya devatA vAyukA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) maruto mitarAviNo vA25 ve kama zabda yA sImita zabda karane vAle hote haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM mita + rU zabde dhAtukA yoga hai| mita-ma+rU zabde marUtaH (2) mitarocino vA25 ye vidyut AdikI apekSA kama camakane vAle hote haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM mita + rUc dIptau dhAtukA yoga hai- mita-ma + c diiptau=mrutH|(3)mhddrvntiiti vA 25 yaha mahAn gati karane vAle hote haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM mahat + dru gatau dhAtukA yoga hai- mahat +dru = mrut| uparyukta nirvacanoMmeM kisIkA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| sabhIkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra mR + ut pratyaya kara marUt zabda banAyA jA sakatA haiM / 27 (13) svarka: :- pUrNa prakAza / niruktake anusAra- (1) svarkaH svaJcanairiti vA25 arthAt uttama gamana vAle, isake anusAra svarka zabda meM su + aMc gatau dhAtu kA yoga hai| (2) svarcanairiti vA arthAt uttama arcana vAle, isake anusAra isa zabda meM su + arc dIptau dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / (3) svarcibhiriti vA arthAt sundara prajjvalana se yukta hai| isake anusAra isa 467 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabdameM su + arcis kA yoga hai| prathama evaM tRtIya nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa hai| svarka zabda rathake vizeSaNake rUpameM RgvedameM prayukta hai|27 vyAkaraNake anusAra ise su + arc + kvip kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (14) tRSNaka :- yaha zabda grISmakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra tRSNak tRSyate:25 yaha zabda tRS pipAsAyAm dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai- tRS + nak tRssnnk| isameM pipAsA kI vRddhi rahatI hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra tRS pipAsAyAm + najiG pratyaya kara tRSNak zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|28 laukika saMskRtameM yaha zabda lobhI tathA abhilASuka ke arthameM bhI prayukta hotA hai|29 (15) udanyu :- isakA artha hotA hai jlaabhilaassii| niruktake anusAraudanyurUdanyate:25 isa zabdameM udanyAuH pratyayakA yoga hai| udakakI cAha udanyati se udanya + u: = udnyu:| udaka jalakA vAcaka hai| jala cAhane vAlA udanyu khlaaygaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra udaka + kyaca-udanya-DH udanyuH mAnA jA sakatA hai| yAskake samayameM yu pratyaya kAmayamAna arthameM kAphI pracalita thaa| idaMyu, adhvaryuH Adi isI prakArake zabda haiN| pANinike samaya isa pratyayakA prayoga sImita ho gayA thaa|30 (16) Rbhava :- yaha saMjJApada hai| Rbhu zabdakA bahubacana rUpa Rbhava: hai| AMgirisa RSike putrakA nAma Rbhu thaa|31 niruktake anusAra (1) Rbhava uru bhAntIti vA25 ve adhika dIpta hote haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM urubhA dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) Rtena bhAntItivA ye yajJa se pradIpta hote haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM Rta + bhA dIptau dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) Rtena bhavantIti vA ye yajJase samanvita hote haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM Rt + bhUdhAtukA yoga hai| Adityarazmi ko bhI Rbhu kahA jAtA hai| uparyukta nirvacana AdityaarthameM bhI saMgata hogaa| antima nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| bhASAvaijJAnika dRSTise ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra R +bhU +DuH pratyaya kara RmuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|32 . (17) aMgirasa :- yaha eka RSi kA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra aMgAreSa aMgirA33 arthAt aMgirA RSi aMgAre se utpanna hue| yaha nirvacana aitihAsika mahatva rakhatA hai| ekAdaza adhyAya meM yAska ne ise pUrva vyAkhyAta kahA hai| bhASA 468:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vijJAnake anusAra yaha nirvacana pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| (18) atharvANa :- yaha eka saMjJApada hai| nairuktoMke anusAra ye mAdhyamika devatA haiN| niruktake anusAra- athrvaanno'thnvntH|25 athana se yukta ko athanavanta kheNge| athana vanta hI atharvANa hai| athana zabda gatyarthaka thak dhAtuke yogase banatA hai| tha gatau se tharvANa tathA usase rahita ko atharvANa:34-athavatupU athrvaannH| isa prakAra atharvANa: kA artha hogA sthira prakRti vaalaa|35 nirukta mImAMsAmeM atharvan kA artha agni ko khojaneke kAraNa par3A gaNAbhidhAna hai jisane kAlAntarameM vyaktigata nAma kA sthAna le liyaa|36 isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| avestAkA Ayavana zabda agni purohitakA vAcaka hai|37 vaidika AtharvaNa bhI lagatA hai yajJAgnise pUrNa sambaddha the| (19) AptyA :- yaha madhyama sthAnIya devagaNakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra AptyA Apnote:25 yaha zabda Apla vyAptI dhAtake yogase niSpanna haA hai, kyoMki ve vyApta ho jAte haiN| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dargAcAryane inheM indrasahacArI mAnA hai|36 (20) aditi :- strI devatAoMmeM prathama aditi haiN| yaha madhya sthAnIya strI deva haiN| isakA vivecana caturtha adhyAyameM ho cukA hai| aditiko dAkSAyaNI evaM agni bhI kahA gayA hai|40 (21) Aga :- isakA artha hotA hai apraadh| niruktake anusAra-AG pUrvAdagame:40 yaha zabda AG upasarga pUrvaka gam dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki kartAko yaha avazya prApta hotA hai|41 isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra iN gatau se asun pratyaya kara Aga: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|42 (22) enas :- isakA artha hotA hai paap| niruktake anusAra ena ete:40 yaha zabda iN gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra iN gata asun pratyaya tathA nuDAgamase enas zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|43 (23) kilviSam :- yaha pApakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) kilviSaM klibhidaM0 kilviSa zabda kilabhid zabdase vanA hai| kil kA artha nizcaya hI tathA bhid viS kA vAcaka hai| yahAM viSa kI vyAkhyA bhise kI gayI 469:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai| (2) sukRtakarmaNobhayam sukRta karma karane vAlekA bhaya svarUpa hai yahAM viSam kI vyAkhyA bhayam se kI gyii| (3) kIrtimasya minattIti vA athavA yaha sukRta karma karane vAle kIrtiko naSTa kara detA hai| yahAM kil kIrtikA vAcaka hai tathA bhid dhAtuse viSam kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| durgAcAryane kilviSa kI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai sukRta kA bhedaka athavA kIrtikA viss|44 uparyukta nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise apUrNa haiN| inakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kil + vuk + TiSac pratyaya kara kilviSam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai / 45 (24) saramA :- yaha saMjJA pada hai| devazunI, indra kI kutiyA, madhyama vAk isake artha hai| niruktake anusAra- saramA saraNAt yaha zabda sR gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha gati yukta hai yA ghUmatI rahatI hai| 46 isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra sR gatau dhAtuse amac pratyaya kara saramA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| saramA jo devazunIkA vAcaka hai aitihAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| nirukta sampradAyake anusAra saramA madhyama vAk hai / 46 (25) jaguri :- isakA artha hotA hai vahuta calane vAlA / yA punaH punaH calane vAlA / niruktake anusAra jaguriH jaMgamyate jaguriH zabda yaG luganta gam dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / (26) takma :- yaha uSNakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra takmetyuSNa nAma, takata iti sata:40 yaha zabda tak gamane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai, kyoMki yaha saba ora gayA rahatA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra tak sahaneman pratyaya kara takma zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (27) rasA :- isakA artha hotA hai nadI / niruktake anusAra - rasA nadI, rasateH shbdkrmnnH|4deg yaha zabda ras zabde dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai, kyoMki nadI zabda yukta hotI hai| jala pravAhase zabda niHsRta hotA hai ataH use rasA kahA gyaa| nadI zabdameM bhI nad avyakte zabde kA yoga hai|47 uparyukta nirvacana kA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra ras zabde dhAtuse ghaJ pratyaya kara rasa 3 TApUrasA banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM rasa jala ke artha meM prApta hotA hai jo ras AsvAdane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| nadIke arthameM punaH rasena jalena yuktA rasA aisA bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| 470 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (28) anumati :- caturdazIse vyApta pUrNamAsI ke pUrva bhAgako anumati kahate hai| niruktake anusAra - anumatiranumananAt yaha zabda anuman dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| yaha aitihAsika AdhAra bhI rakhatA hai| RSiyoM evaM devoM kI etadviSayaka anumati ke kAraNa anumatiH kahA gyaa| nirukta sampradAyake anusAra anumatiH devapatnI hai| yAjJika loga ise paurNamAsI mAnate hai|40 brAhmaNa granthake anusAra yaha paurNamAsIkA pUrvabhAga hai|49 vyAkaraNake anusAra anu + man + ktic pratyaya kara anumatiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|50 __ . (29) rAkA :- yaha pUrNimAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra rAkA rAte nakarmaNa:40 rAkA zabdameM rA dAne dhAtukA yoga hai, kyoMki isameM devatAoM ko havi dI jAtI hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| arthAtmakatA prAcIna sAMskRtika AdhArase yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMkta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra rAdAne dhAtuse kaH pratyaya kara rAkA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|51 (30) sUcI :- isakA artha sUI hotA hai| niruktake anusAra sUcI zabda siv tantu santAne dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki isase tantu kA santAna hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| arthAtmakatA upayukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sUca dhAtuse ipratyaya kara sUciH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|52 (31) sinIvAlI :- niruktakAroM ke anusAra devapatnI tathA yAjJikoMke anusAra yaha amAvAsyA hai| amAvAsyAke pUrvabhAgako sinIvAlI kahate haiN|53 niruktake anusAra - sinamannaM bhavati sinAti bhUtAni40 sinama anna kA vAcaka hai| isameM SiJa bandhane dhAtU kA yoga hai| SiJa +naka = sinm| yaha sabhI prANiyoM ko bAMdhe rahatA hai| vAla parva kA vAcaka hai kyoMki utsavoMkA varaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vR dhAtuse vAra-vAla zabda banA54 vAlaM parva vRNoteH tasminnannavatI vAlinI vaa|40 sinIvAlI zabdameM do khaNDa haiM sinI + vaalii| sinI zabda Sitra + naka+ DIpa kara tathA vAlI vR - vAra - vAla+ DIpa kara banAyA jA sakatA hai| (vAlo'syAstIti vAlI sinI cAsau vAlI iti sinIvAlI arthAta prazasta anna yukta parva vaalii| vAlinI ke lie vAlo'syAstIti vAlinI kiyA jA sakatA hai| (2) vAlenevAsyAmaNutvAccandramAH sevitavyo bhavatIti vA vAla kI taraha sUkSma hone se candramA sevitavya hotA hai ataH ise sinIvAlI kahA gyaa| isa nirvacanakA sAmAsika AdhAra spaSTa hai| sabhI nirvacanoM kA arthAtmaka mahattva hai antima nirvacana upamA (sAdRzya) para AdhArita 471:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai| yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka AdhArase.mI yukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sinI zuklA vAlA candrakalA asyAmiti sinI + bala mizraNe + ghaJ + r3Ip = sinIvAlI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|54 (32) svasa :- yaha bhAminIkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) svasA suasA isa zabdameM su + asA pada khaNDa hai| su +as muvi dhAtukA yoma spaSTa hai| sa kA artha hotA hai acchI taraha tathA asA rahane vaalii| acchI taraha maryAdAse rahane vAlI svasA kahalAtI hai| (2) sveSu sIdatIti vANisake anusAra isa zabdameM sva + sad vizaraNagatyavasAdaneSu dhAtukA yoga hai, kyoMki vaha apane logoM meM rahatI hai| donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| mASA vijJAnake anusAra inharupayukta mAnA jaaymaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra su + asu kSepaNe dhAtu + Rna kara svasA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|5 aMgrejI bhASA kA ster isakA antarASTrIya rUpa hai| (33) stuka :- yaha jaghana tathA kezapAzakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusArastukaHstyAyate: saMghAta:40 yaha zabda styai saMghAte dhAtake yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki jaghana pradezameM mAMsAdikA saMghAta hai tathA keza pAza mI bArlokA saMghAta hotA hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMmata mAnA jaaygaa| (34)kuda :- isakA artha hotA hai amAvAsyA niruvatake anurUskuhahate:40 yaha muha sambaraNe dhAtuke yomase niSpanna hotA hai| muha dhAtvastha Adyadhara g kA ka +kuha +UDU kuhH| yaha candramAko chiyAtI hai| (2) cAmUdIti vA (1) candrake apratyakSa rahane para vaha (candra) kA thA aisA pUche jAne ke kAraNa bhI ise kuhUH kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isameM-kva + bhU dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) kca satI yata iti vA kahAM rahatI huI pukArI jAtI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM kva + hU dhAtukA yoga hai| (4) kyAhuta havirjuhotIti vA kahAM rahatI huI havanako grahaNa karatI hai| isake anusAra bhI isameM kca + hU dhAtukA yoga hai| sabhI nirvaca kA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| samI kalpanAzrita AdhAra se yukta haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra kuha vismApane dhAtuse kUH pratyaya kara kuhUH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|56 (35) narya :- isakA artha manuSya hotA hai| yAska narya zabdake tIna artha kie haiM- 1- manuSya, 2- nRbhyohitaH arthAt manuSyoM ke lie hitkaarii| isake anusAsna + yat pratyaya hai| 3- nasapatyamitivA- aryAta narakI santAnako bhI narya: kaha jA sakatA hai| yahAM apatya arthama ya pratyaya hai| antima do nirvacana taddhita para AdhArita hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaymaa| 472:yutpatti vijJAna aura acArya mAska
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________________ (36) indrANI :- indra kI patnIko indrANI kahA gayA hai| yaha strI pratyayAnta hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra indra + GIS (Anuk) kara indrANI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|57 (37) gaurI :- isakA artha hotA hai- mAdhyamika vAk (vidyut)| niruktake anusAra gaurI rocatez2alati karmaNa:58 gaurI zabda jvalatyarthak rUc dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki vaha tejayukta hai| lagatA hai yAskane rUc kA varNa viparyaya se cusgus-gaurI mAnanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra saMgata nahIM hai| arthAtmaka saMgati ke lie hI rUc dhAtukI kalpanA kI gayI hai| yAskake anusAra gaura varNa vAcaka gaurI zabda bhI isI nirvacanase mAnA jAyagA- ayamapItaro gaurI varNa etasmAdeva prazasyo mavati gauravarNa kRSNavarNakI apekSA dIpta hotA hai prazasya hotA hai| uparyukta nirvacanase hI yaha bhI mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra gurI udyamane dhAtuse ghaJ60 pratyaya kara, gaura + aN gausaDIpa- gaurI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (38) dhenu :- yaha mAdhyamika vAk (megha) kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra dhenurdhayatervA yaha zabda dheTa pAne dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki isakA pAna kiyA jAtA hai| (2) dhinotervA58 isa zabdameM dhivi prINane dhAtukA yoga hai| yaha pRthvI ko tRpta karatA hai| donoM nirvacana meghake arthameM saMgata haiN| nirukta sampradAya ke anusAra dhenuH mAdhyamika vAk hai tathA yAjJikoMke anusAra dhenu dharmadhuk hai|61 prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacana arthAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM dhenuH zabda nava prasUtA gau kA vAcaka hai artha sAdRzyake AdhAra para hI yaha zabda nava prasUtA gau ke lie prayukta huaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra dheT pAne dhAtuse nu:52 pratyaya kara dhenuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (39) ajyA :- isakA artha gAya tathA bhaiMsa hotA hai| niruktake anusAra 1- adhyA'hantavyA mavati58 adhyA zabda meM naJ-a+han hiMsA gatyoH dhAtu kA yoga hai, kyoMki vaha avadhyA hotI hai| 2- aghanIti vA58 isa zabdameM agha + han dhAtukA yoga hai kyoMki yaha pApoMko dUra karane vAlI hotI hai prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| dvitIya nirvacana gAyakI pavitratA evaM usake pUjya bhAvanA ko vyakta karatA hai| yAska ke uparyukta donoM nirvacana megha ke 473:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ arthako pUrNa rUpameM vyakta nahIM krte| vyAkaraNake anusAra-na+ han + yak +TAp pratyaya kara aghyA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|63 (40) pathyA :- yaha meghakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra panthA antarikSaM tannivAsAt58 panthA antarikSako kahate haiM usa antarikSameM nivAsa karaneke kAraNa meghako pathyA kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM pathin + yat pratyaya hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra pathin + yat64- ino lopaH = pathya + TAp = pathyA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (41) svasti :- isakA nirvacana yAskane tRtIya adhyAyameM diyA hai| yaha zabda kalyANakA vAcaka hai| niruktake tRtIya adhyAya ke anusAra su + asti se svasti mAnA gayA hai| asti abhipUjita kA vAcaka hai| isa prakAra svasti kA artha hogA kalyANa yukta rhnaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (42) ana :- vAyu, zakaTa, megh| niruktake anusAra-ano vAyu: anite:58 anaH vAyukA vAcaka hai| yaha zabda an prANane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| vAyu prANa dhAraNa kA pradhAna AdhAra hai| zakaTa ko bhI anaH kahA jAtA hai yaha upamArthaka hai- anaH zakaTam Anaddhamasmin cIvaram58 arthAt isameM cIvara (kapar3a) baMdhe rahate haiM isake anusAra anaH zabdameM Anaha bandhane dhAtukA yoga hai anitervAsyAt jIvanakarmaNa:58 yaha zabda an prANane dhAtu (jIvanArthaka) ke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki loga gAr3I ko jIvikA kA AdhAra banAte haiN|65 megha bhI anaH kahA jAtA hai- megho'pyana etasmAdeva58 jIvanakA AdhAra megha bhI hai ata: meghako bhI anaH kahA jAtA hai| an dhAtuse ana: mAnanA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai|| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra an prANane dhAtuse asun pratyaya kara anas zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|66 ana zabdake zakaTa vAcaka nirvacanase spaSTa hotA hai ki yAskake samaya kucha loga gAr3I dvArA vyApAra kara apanI jIvikA calAte the| (43) rodasI :- yaha rUdrakI patnIkA vAcaka hai| rUdra vAyuke lie yahAM prayukta hai| vAyu kI patnI vidyut ko rodasI kahA gayA hai| isakA mAtra arthAtmaka mahattva hai| laukika saMskRtameM dhu loka evaM pRthvI lokako rodasI kahA jAtA hai| 474:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ___-: sandarbha saMketa :1.ni.du.vR. 11|1,2.ni.11|1, 3. asau yajJeSu abhiSUyate- ni.du.vR. 11 / 1, 4. ni.du.vR.11|1,5. bahulamasya naighaNTukaM vRttamAzcaryamiva prAdhAnyenani 11 / 1, 6. atistusu...uNA. 1 / 137, 7. candre mo Dit-uNA. 4 / 226, 8. camyamAnaH nipIyamAno devaiH dramatIti vA- ni.du.vR. 11 / 1,9. sphAyitazci.. uNA. 2 / 13, 10. assttaa.3|4|113,11. dasanijanicaricaTibhyotruNa- uNA. 13, 12. tu-kR.de. 2160, 13. dI iTImolojIja oNpha yAska pR. 121, 14. bhujimRDbhyAM yuk tyuko- uNA. 3 / 21, 15. aSTA. 3 / 1 / 113, 16. kalAH somasamudbhavAH kecidavayavAH asmin zerate iti kalaza:- ni.du.vR. 11 / 1, 17. anyebhyo'pi. vA. 3 / 2 / 101, 18. pacAdyac- aSTA. 3 / 1 / 135, 19. halA. ko.-pR.210, 20. tAlavyA api dantyAzca zambazUkara pAMzava:) kalaza: zambalazcaiva jihvAyAM razanA tathA- iti za bhede,21. kalAM kalAM gahItvA tu devAnAM vizvakarmaNA nirmito'yaM sa vai yasmAt kalazastena kthyte|| (nirvANataMtra) vAca. 1781 pRSTha, 22. aca i:- uNA. 4 / 139, dra.-halA. pR. 211, 23. kalA api rAzeH vikSiptA bhavanti-ni.da.tR. 111, 24. aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 25. ni. 11 / 2, 26. mRgrorUti:- uNA. 1 / 94, 27. R. 18811, 28. svapitRSornajiG- aSTA. 3 / 2 / 172, 29. a.ko. 3 / 1 / 22 (dra. rAmAzramI), 30. ni.mI. pR. 429, 31, RbhurvibhvA vAjaiti sudhanvana, AMgirasasya trayaH putrA vabhUvusteSAM prathamottamAbhyAM vahuvannigamA bhavanti na madhyamena- ni.11|2, 32. halA. pR. 185, 33. ni. 3 / 3, 34. tharvatizcaratikarmA tatpratiSedhaHni. 11 / 2, 35. ni.du.vR. 11 / 2, 36. dra. ni.mI. pR. 341, 37. ni.mI.pR. 341, 38. kra. 468, 39. yasmAt te stutibhi: stutyAn Apnuvanti tasmAdAptyAH indrasahacAriNa: RSaya:- ni.da.vR.1142, 40. ni. 113, 41. yasmAdetat kartAramavazyameti tasmAdAga:- ni.du.vR. 11|3,42.innaago 'parAdho caaunnaa.4|212,43.inn ogA 'si-uNA.4/198dra.halA.pU.188,44.kilviSakasmAt ? ucyate yasmAdetat kila-nizcayena sukRtasya viSaM bhedakaM bhavati tasmAt kilvissmucyte| athavA kIrte :visskilvissm|ni.du.vR.11|3,45. kilebuMkca- uNA. 150,46. devazunIti aitihAsikAH, nairuktAH punaH saramAM madhyamAM vAcaM manyante-ni.da.va.11,47. nadyaH kasmAta? nadanA imA bhavanti zabdavatya:- ni.217,48.rasa: svAde jale vIrye zRMgArAdau viSe drve| vAle rAge gRhe dhAtautiktAdau paarde'pic| hem|600-1,49.yaa paurNamAsIsA anumati:- ai.brA. 475:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 7 / 11 / 3, 50. aSTA. 3 / 3 / 174, 51. kRdAdhArArcikalibhyaH kaH- uNA. 3140, 52. aca i. uNA. 4 / 139, 53. sinIvAlI kahariti devapalyAvitinairuktA: amAvAsyeitiyAjJikA : / yA pUrvA'mAvAsyA sA sinIvAlI-ni 11 / 3, 54. halA. 711 (pR.), 55. sutryasekran- uNA. 2 / 96, 56. nRtizRdhyo: ka:- uNA. 191, 57. halA.. 161 pR., 58. ni 11 / 4, 59. dIpti rUpatvAt kRSNAdIna apekSya prazaMsanIyo bhvti-ni.d.tR.11|4,60.hlshcassttaa. 3 / 3 / 121 iti ghaJ, 61. eSA mAdhyamikAvAk itinairuktAH dharmadhugiti yAjJikA manyante-ni.du.vR. 11 / 4, 62. dheT icca-uNA. 3 / 34 itinuH, 63. adhyAdayazca-uNA. 4/110, 64. digAdibhyo yat- aSTA. 4 / 354, 65. upajIvantyenat- ni. 11 / 4, 66. sarva dhAtubhyo'sun- uNA. 4 / 189. (ca) dvAdaza adhyAyake nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyake SaSTha khaNDameM devatAoMse sambaddha 31 nAma saMkalita haiN| paMcama adhyAyakA SaSTha khaNDa daivata kANDakA antima khaNDa hai| ina padoMke nirvacana niruktake dvAdaza adhyAyameM sampanna hue haiN| niruktake dvAdaza adhyAyameM kula 51 nirvacana prApta hote haiN| inameM nighaNTuke paMcama adhyAyake aMtima khaNDa ke 31 pada bhI saMkalita haiN| isa prakAra isa adhyAyameM 20 aise pada haiM jo yA to devatAoM se sambaddha haiM yA prasaMgataH prApta haiN| nighaNTuke daivatakANDake antima khaNDameM paThita 31 padoMmeM saboMkA nirvacana yAska yahAM upasthita nahIM karate haiN| vaise pada jisakI vyAkhyA pUrvameM ho cukI hai, ko pUrva vyAkhyAta kaha kara kAma calA lete haiN| yaha punarukta doSase bacanekA uttama prakAra hai| parva vyAkhyAta ina zabdoMke artha badala gaye haiM yA unakA arthAntarameM prayoga haA hai, vaise zabdoMkA ve artha spaSTa kara dete haiN| pUrva vyAkhyAta zabdoMmeM savitA, tvaSTA, bhagaH, vizvAnaraH, varUNaH, vikezin, yamaH, vRkSaH, pRthivI, samudraH, atharvA, AdityaH, aMzu, sapta RSayaH, devA aura vAjinaH zabda parigaNita haiN| isa adhyAyake sabhI nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise yA nirvacana prakriyA se mahattvapUrNa haiN| yAskane eka pada meM arthake anveSaNameM eka se adhika nirvacanoM kA upasthApana kiyA hai| ina nirvacanoMmeM kucha to dhvanyAtmaka yA arthAtmaka dRSTi se upayukta nahIM hai| phalataH aise nirvacanoM ko bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTi se pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se isa adhyAya ke pUrNa nirvacana haiM. azvinau, uSA, sUryA , vRSAkapAyI, ukSaNaH, saraNyaH, kaviH, 476:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAmka
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________________ rAmA, adhorAmaH, kakavAka, turaH, sUryaH, pUSA, viSNaH, kezI, viSam , ajaekapAta, paviH, pavIravAn, manuH, sAdhyAH, vasavaH, svarkAH, vizvedevAH, devapatnyaH aura raatt| ina nirvacanoMmeM kucha padoMke ekAdhika nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise aparNa bhI haiN| dhvanyAtmaka AdhArase zithila nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTi meM apUrNa nirvacana hai| dhvanyAtmaka zaithilyi se yukta nirvacanoM meM kiMzukama, kaviH, pAMsavaH, bharaNyaH, dadhyaG evaM svarkAH hai| ina padoMke nirvacanoMmeM kucha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise upayukta bhI haiN| arthAtmaka Adi AdhArake apUrNa rahane para hI nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa mAne jAte haiN| isa adhyAya ke nirvacanoM meM zalmaliH, snuSA, bhuraNyuH, vRSAkapiH, palAzaH tathA ghRtasnUH zabda bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise apUrNa hai| - yAskane azvinau padake nirvacanoMmeM arthasAdRzyako bhI apanAyA hai| uSA evaM kezI padake nirvacana dRzyAtmaka AdhArase yukta haiN| kiMzuka padake nirvacanameM rUpa sAdRzyakA sahArA liyA gayA hai| vRSAkapAyI, vizvedevAH devapalyaH Adi padoMke nirvacana sAmAsika AdhAra rakhate haiN| isa adhyAyake pratyeka padoMke nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana draSTavya haiM . (1) azvinau :- isakA artha hotA hai dyu sthAnIya devatA azvinI yugl| yaha zabda dvivacanAnta haiM kyoMki devayugmakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra azvinau yad vyaznavAte sarvaM rasenAnyo jyotiSA'nyaH azvinI zabda meM azaGa vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai, kyoMki ye donoM saboMko vyApta kara lete haiN| eka rasase vyApta karate haiM to dUsare prakAza se| isake anusAra rasase vyApta karane vAle deva pRthvI sthAnIya mAne jAyeMge tathA prakAzase vyApta karane vAledhu sthaaniiy| eka sAtha rahaneke kAraNa donoM dyusthAnIya hI nighaNTra paThita haiN| azvinau zabdake nirvacana kramameM yAska AcArya aurNavAbhake mata kA bhI ullekha karate haiM- azvairazvinAvityaurNavAma: isake anusAra azvi zabda se azvinau zabda banA hai| azvinau kA artha hogA azvavantau azva se yukt| isa nirvacanake adhAra para azva + ini pratyaya se azvina- azvinau mAnA jaaygaa| azvinI yugala ko spaSTa karate hue yAska kahate haiM ki kucha logoM ke anusAra azvi dhuloka evaM pRthvIloka haiM kyoMki dhuloka prakAzase tathA pRthivI rasase sabako vyApta karatI hai tathA donoM gatimAna haiM kucha naruktoMke anusAra azvi ahorAtra hai| dina prakAza se tathA rAtri osa (rasa) se sabako vyApta kara letI hai| ye donoM bhI gatimAna haiN| aitihAsikoM ke anusAra azvinI yugala puNya karmA do rAjA haiM kyoMki ve azvavAn (ghor3oM se yukta) hote haiN| isa prakAra azvinI yugala ke dyAvA pRthivI, ahorAtra, puNyavAn rAjA tathA sUrya 477:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ evaM candramA artha prApta hote haiM jo artha sAdRzya rakhate haiN| yAskakA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase sarvathA saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| aurNavAbhakA nirvacana bhI bhASA vijJAnake anusAra saMgata hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra prazastA azvA santi yayo :azva+in = azvin azvinau, athavA azvinyAM jAtau azvinau banAyA jA sakatA hai| (2) uSA :- isakA artha hotA hai sUryodaya prAk smy| dhu sthAnIya devtaa| niruktake anusAra uSA vaSTe: kAntikarmaNaH uSA zabda vaz kAntau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| va kA u samprasAraNa se huA hai| uSA kA artha vidyut bhI hai jo madhyama sthAnIya hai- ucchateritarA mAdhyamikA isake anusAra uSA zabdameM uccha vivAse dhAtukA yoga hai| vidyut prakAzameM andhakAra haTa jAtA hai| sUryodaya prAk kAla uSAke arthameM bhI ucch dhAtu mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha andhakAra ko kATatI hai| prathama nirvacana dRzyAtmaka AdhAra rakhatA hai uSA prakAza se samanvita hai| vidyut arthameM prathama nirvacana kI arthAtmaka saMgati upayukta hai| donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra uS dAhe dhAtuse asapa pratyaya kara yA uS + kA pratyaya kara uSA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (3) sUryA :- sUrya kI ptnii| niruktake anusAra- sUryA sUryasya ptnii| eSaivAmisRSTakAlatamA arthAt sUryA sUrya kI patnI hai| uSA hI adhika samaya chor3ane ke bAda sUryA bana jAtI hai| sUryodaya tathA uSA ke bIca kA kAla sUryA hai| sUryA zabda strI pratyayAnta zabda hai| sUrya + A= suuryaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusArasUrya +cAp =sUryA zabda niSpanna hotA hai|6 (4) kiMzukam :- isakA artha hotA hai prkaashyukt| niruktake anusAra kiMzakaM kraMzate: prakAzayati karmaNa: yaha zabda prakAzana artha rakhane vAle kraMza, dhAtuke yoga se niSpanna hotA hai kraMz- kiNshukm| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| yaha arthAtmaka mahatva rakhatA hai| laukika saMskRta meM kiMzuka palAzakA nAma hai| usakA avayava kucha zuka ke sadRza hotA hai isalie use kiMzuka kahA jAtA hai| yAska ne kiMzuka zabdakA nirvacana sUrya razmike arthameM kiyA hai| kiMzuka palAzameM varNa sAdRzya AdhAra bhI dRSTigata hotA hai| durgAcArya ne bhI sukiMzukam kA artha palAza kusumake samAna kiyA hai| vyAkaraNake 478:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ anusAra kim + zuka = kiMzuka zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM kiMzuka palAza puSpakA vAcaka hai| (5) zalmali :- isakA artha hotA hai seml| niruktake anusAra (1) zalmaliH suzaro bhavati yaha zabda zR hiMsAyAm dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki ise AsAnIse kATA jA sakatA hai| (2) zaravAn vA athavA kaNTakayukta hotA hai| semala vRkSa meM kAMTe hote haiN| zara +vatpa zaravAna zalmali: mAnA gyaa| isameM ra evaM la varNa kA abheda mAnA gayA hai| kisI bhI nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| sabhI arthAtmaka mahatva rakhate haiN| laukika saMskRtameM bhI zalmali: semalake arthameM hI prayukta hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra zala saMcalane +mala dhAraNe dhAtu + in10 pratyaya kara zalmali: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (6) vRSAkapAyI :- yaha dhusthAnIya devatA hai| niruktake anusAra vRSAkapAyI vRSAkaSeH patnI vRSAkapi sUryakA vAcaka hai| sUryodayake bAda sUryA hI vRSAkapAyI bana jAtI hai| sUryodaya kAlake prati gayI huI yaha sUryA osakaNoM ke varSaNa evaM kampana se vRSAkapAyI kahalAtI hai|11 yaha nirvacana sAmAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| samayake vibhAgakA prakAzana hI vRSAkapAyI hai| (7) snuSA :- isakA artha hotA hai- putrvdhuu| niruktake anusAra (1) snuSA sAdhusAdinIti vA samyak rUpa meM vaMza kA aMga bana kara rahane vAlI hotI hai| isake anusAra sAdhu +saddhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna hogaa| (2) sAdhusAninItivA yaha acchI taraha gRha kI vastuoM ko vyavasthita karane vAlI hotI hai| isake anusAra sAdhu+san sambhaktau dhAtukA yoga hai| (3) svapatyaM tat sanotIti vA isake anusAra su apatyakA vAcaka hai tathA san sambhaktau dhAtukA yoga hai| vaha sundara apatya pradAna karatI hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTikoNase koI bhI nirvacana saMgata nahIM hai|sbhiikaa arthAtmaka mahattva hai|vyaakrnnke anusAra snu prasravaNe dhAtuse saH pratyaya kara snuSA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|12 (8) ukSaNa :- (avazyAya) yaha osakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAraukSaNa ukSatervRddhakarmaNa: yaha zabda vRddhayarthaka ukS dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki isase auSadhiyAM bar3hatI hai, yA yaha auSadhiyoM ko bar3hAtI hai| (2) ukSantyudakeneti vA yA yaha apane jala kaNoMse paudhoMko sIMcatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM ukSa secane dhAtukA yoga hai| donoM nirvacanoMkA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra inheM saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| 479:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (9) saraNyU :- yaha vRSAkapAyI tathA tvaSTA kI duhitA kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra saraNyUH saraNAt / isa zabdameM sR gatau dhAtukA yoga hai, . kyoMki vaha sUrya kI ora gayI huI hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra-sRgatau + anya kara saraNyuH saraNyUH banAyA jA sakatA hai / 13 (10) kavi :- isakA artha hotA hai medhAvI, kAvyakartA Adi / niruktake anusAra, kaviH krAntadarzano bhavati 14 kavi krAntadarzana vAlA hotA hai| sAmAnya logoM kI apekSA sabhI padArthoMkA adhika jJAna rakhatA hai| usase kisI bhI padArthakA svarUpa ajJAta nahIM hotA / 15 isake anusAra kavi zabda meM kram dhAtukA yoga mAnA jaaygaa| kavatervA 14 vaha apane bhAvoM ko zabdoMmeM bAMdhatA rahatA hai| yA zabda karatA hai| isake anusAra kaviH zabdameM ku dhAtukA yoga hai| prathama nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| dvitIya nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA / vyAkaraNake anusAra ku zabde + i16, kavR varNe +i:= kaviH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskakA prathama nirvacana vyaMjanagata audAsinya se yukta hai| (11) rAmA :- isakA artha hotA hai-zUdrA, kRSNA / niruktake anusAra-rAmA ramaNAya upeyate na dharmAya 14 vaha rAmA ramaNa (viSaya moga) ke lie hotI hai, dharma ke lie nhiiN| isake anusAra rAmA zabda meM ramu krIDAyAm dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jAyagA vyAkaraNake anusAra ise ram +aN + TAp kara (ramate ramayatItivA) yA ram + ghaJ +=TAp = (ramate'nayeti vA) rAmA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (laukika saMskRtameM rAmA strImeda hai / 18 mAtra zUdrA ke lie isakA prayoga nahIM hotaa| rAmA avidyAgrasta strI hotI hai| avidyAgrasta honA zUdrA kI vizeSatA hai| yAskake samaya rAmA saMbhoga mAtrake lie hotI thii| usa samaya striyoMkA eka varga aura hogA jo vidyAvatI hotI hogI, use brahmavAdinI kahA jAtA hogaa| upaniSadoM meM brahmavAdinI kI carcA prApta hotI hai| yAskane rAmAkA paryAya kRSNA diyA hai jo avidhA grasta honeke kAraNa hI kRSNa jAtIya kRSNA kahalAtI thI / ) yAskake nirvacanase tatkAlIna striyoMkI sthitikA patA calatA hai| niruktameM rAmAkA artha duzcaritra strI kiyA gayA hai| nizcaya hI rAmA zabdake arthameM bAdameM utkarSa huA hai| yAskake samaya jo mAtra ramaNake lie thI dharmAcaraNa ke lie nahIM, vahI rAmA zabda laukika saMskRtameM utkRSTa strIvizeSa ke lie prayukta hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM gItakalA se amismaNa karane vAlI strI vizeSa rAmA kahIM gayI haiM / 19 480 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (12) adhorAma :- yaha sAvitra kA vAcaka hai| sAvitra kAla vizeSa hai isa samaya pRthivI para andhakAra rahatA hai| niruktake anusAra adhorAma : sAvitra: iti pazusamAmnAye vijnyaayte| arthAt pazuke arthameM adhorAma sAvitra pakSI vizeSa khaMjana kA vAcaka hai kyoMki usakA bhI paira kAlA hotA hai| rAmakA artha hotA hai kRssnn| nIcekA bhAga kAlA hai jisakA use adhorAma kahA jaaygaa| sAvitra kAla evaM khaMjana pakSIke adho bhAgameM kRSNatvakI samAnatA hai|20 rAmakA artha kRSNa isalie hotA hai kyoMki kahA gayA hai - agnikA cayana karake rAmA arthAt zUdrAkA saMgama nahIM karanA caahie| zudrA strIko kRSNa jAtIyA kahA gayA hai avidhA grasta honeke kAraNa vaha kRSNa varNa kI kahalAtI hai| phalataH rAmA evaM kRSNA paryAya vAcI zabdaho gye| isI samAnatAke AdhAra para samakA artha kRSNa ho gyaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| (13) kRkavAku :- isakA artha hotA hai pakSI vizeSa, murgaa| niruktake anusAra kRkavAkoH pUrvaM zabdAnukaraNaM vaceruttaram14 isa zabdakA pUrva bhAga kRka zabdAnukaraNa hai tathA uttara bhAgameM vac dhAtuse niSpanna vAkuH zabda hai| isakA artha hogA kRka kRka zabda karane vaalaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| yaha nirvacana zabdAnukaraNa siddhAta para AdhArita hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra kRka + vac + uNa pratyaya kara kRkavAkuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|22 (14) tura :- yaha yamakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra tura iti yama nAma taratervApa tura yama kA nAma hai, yaha zabda tRplavanasaMtaraNayoH dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki vaha pAra karane vAlA hai| (2) tvaratervA14 arthAt tura: zabdameM tvar saMbhrame dhAtukA yoga hai, kyoMki vaha zIdha gati vAlA hai|shtvrkaa samprasAraNa rUpa tura hai t -va-u-ra = tur| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnakai anusAra ise saMgatamAnA jAyagAAvyAkaraNake anusAra tur +ka pratyaya kara turaH zabda banAyAjA sakatA hai| (15) sUrya :- isakA artha hotA hai - aadity| niruktake anusAra (1) saratervA14 yaha zabda sR gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki vaha antarikSameM gamana karatA hai| (gamana karatA sA dIkha par3atA hai) (2) suvatervA14 yaha zabda sU preraNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha prANiyoM ko apane apane karmomeM lagane ke lie prerita karatA hai| (3) svIryatarvA14 isake anusAra yaha zabda su + Ira gatau dhAtu ke yoga se niSpanna mAnA jaaygaa| vAya ke dvArA yaha prerita hotA hai|24 dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra prathama nirvacana kA 481:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| dvitIya nirvacana vyavahAra paraka artha rakhatA hai tathA tRtIya stara hIna kalpanAse yukta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra sR gatau yA sU preraNe dhAtuse kyap pratyaya kara sUrya : zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|25 / (16) pUSA :- yaha AdityakA vaha rUpa hai jo apanI kiraNoMse sabhI ko puSTa karatA hai| niruktake anusAra atha yadrazmipoSaM puSyati tat pUSAbhavati14 jo sUrya razmi dvArA prakAzita karatA hai puSTa karatA hai yA vyApta hai vaha pUSA hai| isake anusAra pUSA zabdameM pUSa pRSTau dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra puSTa hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| arthAtmakatA dRzya para AdhArita hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra pUS vRddhau + kanin pratyaya kara pUSaNa pUSA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|26 (17) viSNu :- isakA artha hotA hai madhyama sthAnIya devatA - suury| niruktake anusAra (1) atha yatiSito bhavati tadviSNurbhavati14 jaba sUrya kiraNoMse vyApta hote hai taba viSNu kahalAte hai| apane prakAzase vyApta karaneke kAraNa hI viSNu kahalAte haiN| isake anusAra isa zabda meM viS vyAptau dhAtukA yoga hai| (2) viSNurvizate14 viSNu zabda viza pravezane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki yaha apanI kiraNoMse saba jagaha AviSTa hotA hai|27 (3) vyaznote14 viSNu zabda vi + azur3a vyAptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| yaha apanI kiraNoMse sabhI ko vyApta kara letA hai| viza dhAtuse viSNuH zabda mAnane meM dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra saMgata hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| viSNu purANameM bhI viz dhAtuse hI viSNu zabdakI vyutpatti saMketita hai|28vyaakrnnke anusAra viz vyAptau dhAtuse nuHpratyaya kara viSNu zabda banAyAjA sakatA hai|9 (18) pAMsava :-yaha dhUlikA vAcaka hai| pAMsu dhUli ko kahate hai tathA pAMsu kA vavacana rUpa pAMsava: hai| nirukta ke anusAra . pAMsavaH pAdaiH sUyanta itivA14 yaha pairoMse paidA hotI hai| isake anusAra yaha zabda pAdaiH kA pAda tathA utpanna karanA artha vAle su dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| (2) pannAH zerate itivA14 ye dhUla gira kara par3I rahatI hai yA sotI rahatI hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM pad gatau evaM zI zayane dhAtukA yoga hai|(3) piMzanIyA bhavatItivA14 vaha nAzake yogya hotI hai| zarIra meM laga jAnepara loga dhUla ko jhAr3a dete hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM piSa saMcUrNane dhAtukA yoga hai| ina nirvacanoMmeM prathama nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| ina nirvacanoM kI arthAtmaka kalpanA uttama zreNI kI nahIM hai| DA-varmA ke anusAra ina nirvacanoM 482:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ meM svaragata evaM vyaMjanagata audAsinya hai|31 vyAkaraNake anusAra pasi nAzane dhAtuse ku pratyaya kara pAMsuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (19) muraNyu :- isake artha hote hai - zIgha, pakSI vizeSa, suuryrshmi| niruktake anusAra muraNyuriti kSipranAmA muraNyuH zakunirmurimadhvAnaM nayati muraNyuH zIghakA nAma hai| pathIko bhI muraNyu kahate haiM kyoMki yaha dUra taka mArga taya karatA hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM bhUri +nI prApaNe dhAtukA yoma hai| svargasya lokasyApi vodaya yaha dhu lokameM bhI pahuMcane vAlA hai| usa suparNa pakSI kI taraha dhuloka taka pahuMcane vAlA sUryarazmi muraNyu kahalAtI hai|33 yaha nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise apUrNa hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| sabhI nirvacanoMke arthAtmaka mahatva haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra mR dhAtuse kanyu pratyaya kara muraNyuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (20) kezI :- yaha AdityakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra kezI kezA razmayastadvAn bhavati keza razmikA dyotaka hai tathA usase yukta kezI khlaaygaa| isa zabdameM keza + tadvAn arthameM I pratyaya hai - keshii| (2) kAzanAdvA prakAzanAdvA yaha zabda kAzdIptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha prakAzita hotA hai| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTikoNase upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka AdhAra hai| kAza dhAtase kezIma dRzyAtmaka AdhAra spaSTa hai| DA. varmAke anusAra kezakA kAza dhAtuse saMbaMdha dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise anupayukta hai|35 laukika saMskRtameM isakA artha vAla hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ke zA+ac = kezI (ke mastake zete) aluksamAsa (vAlake arthama) keza+r3I = kezI zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|36 niruktameM agni evaM vAya mI kezIkahe gaye hai| dhumase agni keza vAlA hokara kezI kahalAye tathA sjaHkaNase vAyu keza vAlA hokara kezI khlaaye| (21) kezina :- yahI kezI zabda dvAsa hI vyAkhyeya hai| yaha agni evaM viSakA mI vAcaka hai| (22) viSam :- yaha jalakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra (1) viSamityudaka nAmA viSNAteH vipUrvasya snAteH zuddhayarthasya yaha zabda vi + SNA zuddhau dhAtu ke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha zuddha hotA hai| (2)vi pUrvasya vA sacate:34 viSam zabdameM vi + pac samavAye dhAtukA yoga hai, kyoMki yaha snAna pAnAdi ke lie saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai| dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| mASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMpata mAnA jaaynaa| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahatva rakhatA hai| laukika saMskRta meM viSam kA artha jala ke atirikta 483.vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ jahara bhI hotA hai|38 vyAkaraNake anusAra viSla vyAptau dhAtuse kaH pratyaya kara viSam zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|39 (23) vRSAkapi :- yaha saMjJApada hai| yaha asta kAlIna AdityakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra atha yadrazmirabhiprakampayanneti tad vRSAkapirbhavati, vRSAkampanaH34 jaba apanI kiraNoMse prakampita karatA huA sUrya asta hotA hai taba usa samaya vaha vRSAkapi kahalAtA hai| vaha vRSA kampana hai| asta hote hue apanI razmiyoMse bhUtoMko kaMpAtA hai| isake anusAra vRSAkapiH zabdameM vRSA+ kamp dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| mAtra isakA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| kozagranthoMmeM vRSAkapiH zabdake zaMkara, viSNu tathA agni artha prApta hote haiN|40 vyAkaraNake anusAra vRSaM (dharma) +kamp +i pratyaya kara vRSAkapiH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|41 (24) palAzam :- yaha eka vRkSa vizeSa kiMzukakA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra palAzaM palAzadanAd4 palAza zabda parA + zad dhAtu - palA+zaddhAtuke yoga se niSpanna huA hai| yaha zatruoMko naSTa karane vAlA hai| prakRtameM palAza dyu lokakA vAcaka hai| ra kA la ralayorabhedaH ke anusAra haA hai isakA arthAtmaka AdhAra pUrNa upayukta nahIM hai| durgAcAryane isameM pala+ az dhAtukA yoga mAnA hai|42 vyAkaraNake anusAra pala + aza+ aNa43 yA ghatra pratyaya kara palAzaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| yAskakA yaha nirvacana bhASA vijJAnake anusAra pUrNa saMgata nahIM hai| (25) ajaekapAt :- isakA artha hotA hai - astaadity| niruktake anusAra-aja eka pAdajana ekaH pAda:34 sarvadA gatizIla tathA brahmA kA eka pAdA44 ajana- aja +ekapAd- ekena pAdena pAtIti vA34 eka hI aMza (pAda) se sampUrNa jagat kI rakSA karatA hai| ekena pAdena pibatItivA34 eka hI pAda (aMza) se sampUrNa jagata kA jala pI jAtA hai| eko'sya pAda itivA34 athavA eka hI pAda (aMza) sampUrNa jagat meM vyApta hai| isa prakAra ajaekapAt- ajana-aja + eka +pA rakSaNe, tathA pA pAne dhAtuke yogase mAnA jaaygaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| (26) paviH :- yaha vajra kA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra paviH zalyo bhavati yadvipunAti kAyam4 paviH vajra hotA hai kyoMki yaha zarIra ko phAr3atA hai|45 isake anusAra isameM pU pavane dhAtu kA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAna ke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA 484:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra puJ + i = paviH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|46 (27) pavIravAn :- yaha indrakA nAma hai| niruktake anusAra paviH zalyo bhavati yaddhipunAti kAyaM tadvatpavIramAyudhaM tadvAnindraH pavIravAn34 arthAt pavi bajra ko kahate haiM kyoMki vaha zarIra ko phAr3a detA hai usa pavi se yukta pavIra Ayudha kahalAtA hai| pavIra zabda meM matvarthIya ra pratyaya hai| punaH tadvAn arthameM vatup pratyaya ke dvArA pavIravAn zabda banAyA gyaa| arthAt pavIra (vajrAyudha) se jo yukta hai use pavIravAna kahA jAyagAisa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmakaevaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai|bhaassaavijnyaanke anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa|| (28) dadhyaG :- yaha AdityakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra dadhyaG pratyaktodhyAnamitivA34 dhyAna yA prakAzanameM lagA huA hai| pratyakta kA da tathA dhyAnakA dhyaG bana kara dadhyaG zabda banA hai| (2) pratyaktamasmin dhyAnamitivA34 athavA isameM dhyAna lagA huA hotA hai| isameM bhI pratyakta+dhyAnakA hI yoga hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra upayukta nahIM hai| isakA mAtra arthAtmaka mahatva hai| (29) manu :- yaha saMjJA pada hai| Adityake lie isakA prayoga huA hai| niruktake anusAra- manurmananAt34 manu zabdameM man jJAne dhAtukA yoga hai| manana karane ke kAraNa manu khlaayaa|47 yAskake anusAra man dhAtu vadhArthaka bhI hai| isake anusAra mana (Aditya) kA artha hogA rogoMkA nAza karane vaalaa| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra man jJAne + u: pratyaya kara manuH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|48 (30) ghRtasnU :- isakA artha hotA hai ghI TapakAne vaalii| niruktake anusAra (1) ghRtasnU: ghRtaprasnAvinya:49 isa zabdameM ghRta+snA dhAtukA yoga hai isake anusAra isakA artha hogA ghRta TapakAne vaalii| (2) ghRta prastAvinya:49 yaha zabda ghRta + tru dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| tadanusAra artha hogA ghRta prasravaNa karane vaalii| (3) ghRtasAninya:49 yaha zabda ghRta + san dhAtuke yogase niSpanna huA hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA ghRta bAMTane vaalii| (4) ghRtsaarinnyH|49 isa zabdameM ghRta + sR dhAtukA yoga hai| isake anusAra isakA artha hogA ghRta vahAne vaalii| sabhI nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahatva hai| dhvanyAtmaka dRSTise koI bhI pUrNa nahIM hai| (31) saptaRSayaH :- sapta kI vyAkhyA caturtha adhyAyameM tathA RSiH kI vyAkhyA dvitIya adhyAyameM kI jA cukI hai| yahAM sAta razmiyoM yA indriyoM kA vAcaka hai| sapta zabda sRtA saMkhyAke dvArA, tathA RSi: zabda RSidarzanAt ke 485:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ dvArA spaSTa hai| (32) devAH :- deva zabda kA nirvacana saptama adhyAya meM ho cukA hai| yahAM deva zabda sUryake lie prayukta haA hai| dvitIya adhyAyameM devo dAnAddhA dIpanAdvA dyotanAdvA ke dvArA deva zabdakA nirvacana kiyA gayA hai|50 dAna ke kAraNa dIpana ke kAraNa tathA dyotana ke kAraNa deva kahalAtA hai| vizeSa vivaraNake lie saptama adhyAya kA deva zabda nirvacana draSTavya hai| (33) vizvedevAH :- yahAM vizvedevAH sUrya razmiyoMkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra vizvedevAH sarve devAH arthAt vizva zabda sarva kA dyotaka hai| yAskane vizvedevA:49 zabdakA nirvacana prastuta nahIM kiyA hai mAtra artha spaSTakiyA hai|maassaa vijJAnakI dRSTise ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vizvedevAHzabda vyAkaraNakI prakriyA ke anusAra sAmAsika zabda hai sAmAsika prakriyAke dvArA hI isakA nirvacana ho jAtA hai| (34) sAdhyAH :- yaha devatAkA vAcaka hai, sUrya rshmiyaaN| niruktake anusAra sAdhyA-devAH sAdhanAt49 sampUrNa jagat ko sAdhana se yukta banAte haiM, siddha karate haiM,prakAzita karate haiM, ataH sAdhyA: devatAgaNa kahalAte haiN| sAghana se sAdhya mAnA gayA hai| isake anusAra isameM sAdh dhAtukA yoga hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| niruktakAroMke anusAra sAdhyAH dhuloka sthita sUryarazmiyAM haiN| aitihAsikoM ke anusAra sAdhyA satyayuga mAnA jAtA hai| kyoMki isameM prANI mokSakI sAdhanAmeM saMlagna rahate haiN| vyAkaraNake anusAra siNikyat pratyaya kara sAdhyaH sAdhyA: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (35) vasavaH :- yaha anekArthaka hai| vasukA bahubacana rUpa vasavaH hai| niruktake anusAra vasavo yadvivasate sarvambhara ye sampUrNa jamat ko AcchAdita kie rahate haiN| isake anusAra isa zabdameM vas AcchAdane dhAtukA yoga hai| vasu agnikA vAcaka hai| vasuoMke sAtha rahaneke kAraNa vaha vAsava kahalAtI hai| phalata: vaha pRthivI sthAnIya hai|13 vasaoMke sAtha rahaneke kAraNa indra ko bhI vAsava kahA jAtA hai| phalataH vasava: madhyasthAnIya hai|54 vasavaH kA artha Aditya razmiyAM bhI hai-yoMki vaha andhakAra ko vivAsita karatI hai- vasava Aditya razmayo vivAsanAt tasmAt dhu sthAnA:49 isake anusAra vasava meM vasu snehacchedApaharaNeSu dhAtukA yoga hai| sUryarazmiyAM mAnane para ise dhusthAnIya mAnanA pdd'egaa| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| pRthivI, nayatraH,soma,agniH,vAya,antarikSaH,Aditya tathA dyau ATha vasuoMke dvArA sampUrNa 486 vyutpati vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ saMsAra vyApta hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra ise vas nivAse + u: pratyaya kara vasu: vasavaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|56 (36) svarkAH :- isakA artha hotA hai- sUrya razmiyAM! niruktake anusAra svarkAH svaMcanA itivA49 arthAt sundaragamana karane vAlI yA sundara gati se yukt| isake anusAra isa zabdameM su + aMca gatau dhAtukA yoga hai| svarcanA itivA49 sundara stuti vaale| isake anusAra su+ arc dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna huA hai| svarciSaitivA49 vaha sundara dIptise yukta hai| isake anusAra isa zabdameM su + archa dhAtukA yoga hai| dvitIya nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra se yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacana arthAtmaka mahattva rakhate haiN| (37) devapalya :- isakA artha hotA hai devptniyaaN| niruktake anusAra devAnAM palya:49 isa nirvacanakA mAtra sAmAsika vigraha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yaha sAmAsika AdhAra rakhatA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra devaH patiryasyAH sA devapatnI deva-pati-nuk GIS = devapatnI devapatnyaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai|57 (38) rAT :- yaha rAjAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra rAT rAjate:49 yaha zabda rAjR dIptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai, kyoMki vaha dIptimAn hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra rAjR dIptau + kvip = rAT zabda * banAyA jA sakatA hai|58 . . .: sandarbha saMketa :1. ni. 121, 2.. atainiThanau-aSTA. 5 / 2 / 115, 3. halAyudha-pR. 142, 4. ni. 2 / 5 (dra.), 5. uSa: kicca-uNA. 4 / 237 ityasiH , 6. sUryA devatAyAM cApa vAcyaH- a. 4 / 1 / 48 kA vArtika 107, 7. a.ko. 2 / 4 / 29, 8. zuka tuNDAbhapuSpatvAt- (rAmA.) a.ko 2 / 4 / 29, 9. ni. du.vR. 12 / 1, 10. uNA. 4 / 118, 11. sUryodayakAlaM pratigatatamA eSA sUryA evaM avazyAya kaNAnAM varSaNAt kampanAcca vRSAyI bhavati- ni.du.vR. 12 / 1, 12. snuvrazcikRtyuSibhyaH kita- uNA. 3166, 13. vAca. pR.5248, 14. ni. 1212, 15.zu.yaja. 408, 16. aca i:- uNA. 4 / 139, 17. halAyudha-pR. 566, 18. a.ko. 2 / 6 / 4, 19. bhAga.: 32343, 20. ni.du.vR. 12 / 2, 21. ni,du.vR. 12 / 2, 22. kRke vaca: kuzca- uNA. 16, 23. tvarayA tUrNagatiryamaH ni. 1212, 24. vAyunA hyayaM suSTu haryate tasmAt sUryaH - ni. du.vR. 12 / 2, 25. rAjasUya sUryamRSodyeti- (kyap) aSTA. 3 / 1 / 114, 487:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 226. zvannukSanyUSanplI. uNA. 1 / 157, 27. yato'yaM razmibhiH sarvataH AviSTo bhavati- ni.da.tR. 12 / 2, 28. yasmAdviSTamidaM vizvaM tasya zaktyA mhaatmnH| tasmAt procyate viSNurvizadhAtoH prveshnaat|| -viSNu purANa- 3 / 2 / 45, 29. viSe: kicca-uNa 3 / 39, 30. piMzanIyA dUrI karaNIyA dhvaMsanIyA- ni.du.vR. 12 / 2, 31. di.iTImolojIja oNpha yAska pU.114,32. uNA. 127,33.ni. 12 / 3, 34. ni. 12 // 3,35. keza ija nAIdara phoneTIklI nAra semanaTIkalI rIleTeDa TU kAz dI iTImolaujIja Apha yAska pR.8,36. halAyudha-pR. 245, 37. athApyete itarejyotiSI kezinI ucyte| dhUmenAgnIrajasA ca madhyamaH ni. 12 / 3, 38. viSaM tu garale toye - vizva ko. 171 / 2,39. igupdhjnyaapriikir:k:assttaa.3|1|135, 40. vRSAkapiH pumAn kRSNe zaMkare jAta vedasi- medi.104|30, 41. aMhikampyorna lopazca- uNA. 4|114,42. palasya mAMsasya azanAcca palAzama- ni.d.7.12||3,43. karmaNyaNa- assttaa.3|2|1,44. tadetaccatuSpAda brhm| agniH pAdo, vAyaH pAda, Aditya: pAdo diza: pAda: chA. up.3|182, 45. yataH sa kAyaM vipunAti vidArayati tataH pavi:-ni.du.vR. 12 / 3, 46. aca i:-uNA. 4 / 139, 47. tannehAsti yadayaM na manute-ni.du.vR. 12 // 3, 48. susvasnibhUhi- uNA. 1/10,49.ni.12|4,50.ni. 7|4,51.dusthaano devagaNa iti nairuktAH ni 12 / 4, 52- pUrvaM devayugamityAkhyAnam- ni. 1214, 53. agnirvasubhirvAsavaitisamAkhyA tasmAnpRthivI sthAnA- ni. 12 / 4, 54. indrovasubhirvAsava iti samAkhyA tasmAnmadhyasthAnA:- ni. 12|4,55.dhro dhuvazca somazca ahazcaivAnilo'nala: pratyUSazca prabhAsazca- vasavo'STAviti smRtA:- vAca. pR. 4863, 56. zRsvRsnihi. uNA. 1 / 10, 57. vAca. bhAga 5 pR. 3736, 58. vrazcabhrasja. - aSTA. 8 / 2 / 36. (cha) niruktake trayodaza adhyAyake nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana / niruktake trayodaza adhyAyake pUrva hI dvAdaza adhyAya taka nighaNTuke zabdoM ke nirvacana ho gaye haiN| trayodaza adhyAyameM yAskakA lakSya kucha mantroMke Izvaraparaka arthako dikhalAnA hai isa prakArake artha pradarzanako atistuti kahA gayA hai| isa prasaMgameM bhI kucha padoMke nirvacana hue haiN| isa adhyAyake kula nirvacanoMkI saMkhyA sAta haiN| sabhI nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTi se saMgata hai| nirvacanoMkA pRthak mUlyAMkana draSTavya hai : (1) naitoza :- yaha eka saMjJApada hai| nirukta ke anusAra- nitozasyApatyaM naitozaM' arthAt nitoza ke apatya ko naitoza kahA jaaygaa| yaha taddhitAnta 488:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ zabda hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| nitoza zatruhantA rAjA kA vAcaka hai| __(2) guhA :- yaha kandarA, guphAkA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-gUhate:1 arthAt yaha zabda gUha saMvaraNe dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki guphA samvRta hotA hai guuh-guhaa-guphaa| yAska ke samaya meM gRha dIrghopadha hogA lekina graha hrasvopadha hI mUla honA caahie| gRha isI muha kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra guha sambaraNe dhAtuse ka:2+ TAp pratyaya kara guhA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (3) turIyam :- yaha cAra kA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra- tvarate: arthAt yaha zabda tvirA saMmrame dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki tInake bAda zIghra hI use kahA jAtA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra caturNAM pUraNa: catura + cha -caturIya AdyakSara lopa kara turIyam zabda niSpanna hogaa| DA. varmA ise dhAtuja siddhAnta para AdhArita mAnate haiN| (4) akSaram :- yaha varNakA vAcaka hai| nirukta ke anusAra (1) na kSarati' arthAt yaha zabda kSar saMcalane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai na + kSar +ac akssr| kyoMki vaha naSTa nahIM hotA hai| (2) nakSIyate' arthAt vaha kSINa nahIM hotA isake anusAra isa zabdameM na + kSi kSaye dhAtukA yoga hai na-a + kSi +Daran = akssrm| (3) vAkSayo bhavati arthAt vaha akSaya hotA hai usameM kabhI kSaya nahIM hotaa| isake anusAra isa zabdameM a + kSi dhAtukA yoga hai| (4) vAco'kSa itivA' arthAt vaha vANI kA akSa dhUrA hotA hai| vANI kA AdhAra akSara hI hotA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra isa zabdameM akSa +ra pratyaya kA yoga hai| AcArya zAkapUNi: om vAk ko akSara mAnate haiN| jo brahma svarUpa hai| brAhmaNa granthase bhI isI om akSara brahma kI puSTi hotI hai| zAkapUNike putrakA kahanA hai ki akSara Aditya hai tathA Adityako Rk kahate haiN| prathama nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka dRSTise upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| zeSa nirvacanoMkA arthAtmaka mahattva hai| akSa se akSara kA nirvacana sAdRzya para AdhArita hai| akSa,dharA para jisa prakAra zakaTa yA stha Azrita rahatA hai usI prakAra om akSara brahma meM hI sabhI veda zAstra Azrita haiN| oma kI cAro ora sArI jJAna prakriyA avasthita hai| isa cakkara kATane (stha ke cakkara) kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para akSara bnaa| vANI kA akSa to akSara hai hii| akSara ke binA vANIkI sthiti raha hI nahIM sktii| zabdoMke mUlameM akSara 489: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hI hai| arthAta akSarakA samadAya hI to zabda yA vANI hai| vyAkaraNake anasAra ise na-a + kSara+ac pratyaya kara yA az vyAptau dhAtu se sara:9 pratyaya kara akSara zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (5) Rk :- yaha stuti paraka mantra kA vAcaka hai| vedameM prayukta mantrako bhI Rk kahA jAtA hai| Rk se RgvedakA bhI artha bodha hotA hai| niruktake anusArayadenamarcanti' arthAt isakI pUjA karate haiN| isake anusAra Rka zabdameM arca dhAtukA yoga hai| prakRta prasaMga meM Rk AdityakA vAcaka hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| kyoMki AdityakI bhI pUjA karate haiN| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise upayukta mAnA jaaygaa| RcAoM ke arthameM Rcyate stUyate anayA vANyA sA Rka kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki ina RcAoM se devatAoM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai yA stuti kI jAtI hai|vyaakrnnke anusAra Rc stutau dhAtuse kvip pratyaya kara Rkzabda banAyAjA sakatA hai| (6) akSaH :- isakA artha hotA hai gAr3IkA dhuuraa| niruktake anusAra akSoyAnasya ajanAt' arthAt yaha zabda aGg gatau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| kyoMki vaha gatimAna hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra akSa +ac11 pratyaya kara akSa : zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| laukika saMskRtameM isakA prayoga kaI arthoM meM hotA hai|12 veda meM bhI akSa kA prayoga jUA khelane ke pAzA ke arthameM huA hai| (7) ohabrahmANaH :- tarkase brahma kA jnyaataa| niruktake anusAra-Uha eSAM brahma itivA arthAt tarka se brahmako jAnane vAlA yA tarka hI ina vidvAnoMkA brahma hai| Uha tarka kA vAcaka hai| brahma jJAnakA pratIka hai| isa prakAra Uha + brahmake yoga se ohabrahmANaH zabda banA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra- upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| -: sandarbha saMketa :1. ni. 13 / 1, 2. igupadhajJAprIkiraH kaH-aSTA 3 / 1 / 135, 3. di. iTI.pR.88,4. omityeSA vAgiti shaakpuunniH| Rcazca hayakSare parame vyavane dhIyante nAnA devateSu ca mantreSu- ni. 13 / 1, 5. etaddhavA etadakSaraM yat sarvAM trayIM vidyAM prati prati iti ca brAhmaNam- kau. brA. 6 / 12 (ni. 131) etadevAkSaraM brahma hyetadevAkSaraM prm| etadevAkSaraM jJAtvA yo yadicchati tasya tat- ni. 13 / 1, 6. Aditya iti putraH shaakpuunne:| eSa bhavati yadenamarcanti tasya yadanyanmantrebhyastadakSaraM bhavati-ni. 13 / 1, 7. tat prakRtItarad vartanasAmAnyAdityayaM- ni. 13 / 1, 8. pacAdyac- aSTA 3 / 1 / 134, 9. aze: 490:vyuttpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ sara:-uNA.370, 10. vA. 313 / 108, 11. pacAdyaca- aSTA. 3 / 1 / 134, 12. akSa: karSe taSe cakre zakaTa vyvhaaryoH| AtmajJe pAzake cAkSaM tatye sovrclendriye| vizva.ko. 182 / 2, 13. mhaabhaassy-1|1. (ja) caturdaza adhyAyake nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana devatA saMbaMdhI evaM yajJa saMbaMdhI maMtroM kI vyAkhyA karaneke bAda isa adhyAya meM Urdhva mArga gati kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| isa prakAra isa adhyAyameM yAskakA uddezya svataMtra rUpameM nirvacana karanA nahIM rahA hai| prasaMgataH prApta kucha padoMke nirvacana kara dete haiN| isa adhyAyameM kula ATha zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiN| ina zabdoM meM jJAtA, sakhA, gRdhaH, padavI, vedaH, ApaH tathA haMsaH bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se pUrNa saMgata haiN| haMsa zabdakI vyAkhyA isake pUrva bhI kI jA cukI hai lekina yahAM puna: isake vyApaka artha kI ora saMketa karate hue nirvacana kiyA gayA hai| kavInAm kA nirvacana isa adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai lekina yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| isa adhyAyake pratyeka padoMke pRthak mUlyAMkana draSTavya hai . (1) jJAtA :- isakA artha hotA hai jAnakAra, jAnane vaalaa| niruktake anusAra jJAtA jJAyate:1 arthAt yaha zabda jJA jJAne dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| isakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra jJA avabodhane dhAtuse ktara pratyaya kara jJAta: jJAtA : zabda banAyA jaaygaa| jJA + tRn pratyaya kara bhI jJAta-jJAtA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (2) sakhA :- isakA artha hotA hai mitr| nirukttake anusAra-sakhyate:1 arthAt yaha zabda sakhyA prakathane dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| samAna khyAti vAle ko sakhA kahA jaaygaa| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra- samAna + khyA + iJ (Ti evaM ya kA lopa tathA samAna kA sa bhAva hokara sakhi- sakhA zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (3) kavInAm :- yaha SaSThyanta pada hai| isakA artha hotA hai kaviyoM kaa| niruktake anusAra-kavinAm kviiymaanaanaam|' arthAt isa nirvacana meM kavIyamAna se kavi mAnA gayA hai| yaha nirvacana aspaSTa hai| kav dhAtukA saMketa mAtra prApta ho jAtA hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise pUrNa upayukta nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra kavate sarvaM jAnAti, sarvaM varNayati sarvatogacchati vA- kav 491:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ + in athavA ku zabde + aca i. iti i = kaviH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (4) gRdhra :- yaha pakSI vizeSa, Aditya, indriyakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-gRdhaH Adityobhavati, gRhyate: sthAnakarmaNo yatta etasmistiSThati arthAt gRdha zabda sthAna karmA gRdhu dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai| gRdha-gRdhA isake anusAra isakA artha hogA Aditya, sthAna meM Thaharane vaalaa| gRdha zabdakA artha adhyAtma pakSameM indriya bhI hotA hai-gRdhANIndriyANi gRdhyatenikarmaNo yata etasmistiSThati indriyake arthameM gRdha zabdakA nirvacana gRdhu jJAne dhAtuse mAnA gayA hai kyoMki ye jJAnameM hI avasthita haiN| gRdhra zabdake viminna artha pradarzana ke lie dhAtukI anekArthatA spaSTa hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM gIdha pakSI vizeSake lie isakA prayoga hotA hai| vyAkaraNake anusAra gRdh + kran pratyaya kara gRdhra zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (5) padavI :- padavI kavizreSThakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra padaM vetIti arthAt padoMkA jJAtA padavI khlaayaa| isake anusAra padavidajJAne dhAtuke yogase yaha zabda niSpanna mAnA jaaygaa| durgavRtti ke anusAra skhalita padoMko sAdhutvake lie lagAne vAlA padavI khlaaygaa| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| laukika saMskRtameM padavI mArgakA vAcaka hai|8 vyAkaraNake anusArapadavi kRdikArAntAdaktinaHitipakSe GIS = padavI:banAyAjAsakatA hai| (6) vedaH :- yaha jJAna, RgAdi vedakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra vedaH vindaterveditavyaH1 arthAta veda zabda vidadhAtake yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki yaha veditavya hai arthAt jAnane yogya hai| viddhAtu jJAna, lAma, saMtA, vicAraNA cetanA khyAna, nivAsa Adi arthoM meM prApta hotA hai| isa nirvacanake anusAra isakA artha hogA jJAnase sampanna, jJAna bhnnddaar| vid dhAtuse veda mAnane para veda samagra jJAna lAbha, satA, vicAraNAse sampanna mAnA jaaygaa| yAskakA nirvacana dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhArase yukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra vid +ghaJa pratyaya kara veda: zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| (7) ApaH :- yaha jalakA vAcaka hai| niruktake anusAra-Apa Apnote: arthAt yaha zabda Aplu vyAptau dhAtuke yogase niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha vyApta hai| isa nirvacanakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| vyAkaraNake anusAra-Ap dhAtuse karmaNi ghaJ pratyaya kara ApaH zabda banAyA jA sakatA hai| 492:vyutpati vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ (8) haMsa :- isa zabdakA vivecana caturtha adhyAyameM kiyA jA cukA hai| yahAM haMsa zabda sUrya evaM paramAtmAkA vAcaka hai| haMsa zabdameM gatyarthaka hana dhAtakA yoga hai| ye donoM sarvatra gAmI haiN| niruktameM yahAM haMsayantyayati' kahakara spaSTa kiyA hai| ayayati gacchatikA pratIka hai| ata: gatyarthaka hana dhAtakI ora yAska saMketa karate haiN| isa zabdakA dhvanyAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka AdhAra upayukta hai| bhASA vijJAnake anusAra ise saMgata mAnA jaaygaa| DA. varmA isa nirvacana ko AkhyAtaja siddhAnta para AdhArita mAnate haiN| haMsakA nirvacana sAdRzya para AdhArita hai| gamana sAdRzyake kAraNa haMsa pakSI, sUrya tathA paramAtmA haMsake nAmase bhI abhihita hote haiM olDa hAI jarmana meM gansa zabdakA prayoga haMsake lie pAyA jAtA hai| -: sandarbha saMketa :1. ni. 14/1, 2. aSTA. 3 / 2 / 102, 3. samAne khya: sacodAtta: uNA. 31137, 4: halAyudha-pR. 214, 5. ama. ko. 2 / 5 / 21, 6. susUdhAJ gRdhibhyaH kran-uNA. 2 / 24,7. skhalanti padAni sAdhutvena yojayati iti padavI: vI gatau ityasmAt kvipi rUpam-ni.du.vR. 14 / 1, 8. ama.ko. 2 / 1 / 15, 9. halA. ko.-pR. 409. .: upasaMhAra : nirvacana zabdanihita arthoM ke anusandhAnakI viziSTa prakriyA hai| sAhityameM vaise hI zabda prayukta hote haiM jinameM koI na koI artha sanniviSTa hotA hai| bhASA ke prAraMbhika kAlameM vaise zabda bhI prayukta ho sakate haiM jina zabdoMke artha parivartanakI sthiti se abhigamana karatA hai| sAhitya meM prayukta hone ke samaya una zabdoMke arthoM meM nizcitatA A jAtI hai| kucha zabdoMmeM ekAdhika artha hote haiM kyoMki anekArthaka zabdoMkI saMkhyA bhI sAhitya meM kama nahIM hai| " __ zabdoMke mAdhyamase sArI bAteM abhivyakta hotI haiN| samagra arthoM kA prakAzana zabdoMke mAdhyamase saralatayA sampanna hotA hai| AcArya daNDI ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki * yaha sampUrNa saMsAra andhakAramaya hotA yadi zabda nAmaka jyoti use prakAzita nahIM krtii| yadyapi artha prakAzanake anya bhI sAdhana haiM lekina ve sabhI sAdhana apekSAkRta jaTila, vyayasAdhya, zramasAdhya evaM atyadhika kAlakSepaka haiN| zabdoMmeM anekArthatA suvidita hai| vibhinna kAraNoMse eka hI zabda aneka arthoM ko abhivyakta karatA hai| guNa, karma, rUpa, sAdRzya, vacana Adi ke AdhAra para eka hI zabda meM aneka arthoM ko vyApta dekhate haiN| vaidika sAhitya meM 493:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhI anekArthaka zabdoMkI pracuratA hai / nighaNTukA caturtha adhyAya aikapadika kANDa kahalAtA hai isameM tIna khaNDa haiM tathA kramazaH 62, 84 evaM 132 kula 278 pada saMkalita haiN| yAskake anusAra ye sabhI pada svataMtra haiM tathA anekArthaka haiN| yAska ne ina padoMkA nirvacana niruktake caturtha, paMcama evaM SaSTha adhyAyoM meM kiyA hai| saMhitAoM se lekara adyAvadhi anekArthaka zabda prayukta hote rahe haiN| gaman arthavAlA han dhAtuse niSpanna haMsa zabdakA sAmAnya artha hotA hai- jAne vAlA, gamana karane vAlA / isa AdhAra para yaha zabda eka pakSI vizeSake lie rUr3ha ho gayA hai jisake saMbaMdhameM kahA jAtA hai ki vaha nIrakSIra vivekI hotA hai| yadyapi gamana to sabhI pakSiyoMkA karma hai phira marAla vizeSa ke lie hI haMsa zabdakI prasiddhi kyoM huii| aisI sthitiko samajhane ke lie nirvacanakI apekSA ho jAtI hai| haMsa zabdakA nirvacana karate hue yAska kahate haiM- haMso hanterjantyadhvAnamiti arthAt haMsa zabda han gatau dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai kyoMki vaha gamana karatA hai| haMsakA artha sUrya bhI hotA hai. kyoMki use gamana karate dekhA jAtA hai| sUrya kI kiraNeM sarvatra vyApta ho jAtI hai| RgvedameM haMsa zabda sUryake sAtha hI AtmA evaM paramAtmAkA bhI dyotaka hai|" sUryarazmi evaM paramAtmAkI jyoti se samagra saMsAra vyApta hai isa vyApti sAdRzyake kAraNa haMsako sUrya evaM AtmAkA vAcaka mAnA gyaa| han dhAtukA artha hiMsA bhI hotA hai| Aja han dhAtu gamana kI apekSA hiMsA artha meM hI adhika pracalita hai| nirukta meM han dhAtu hiMsArthaka bhI mAnA gayA hai| yAska hasta zabdake nirvacana meM han (hiMsAyAm ) dhAtuko hI upasthApita karate haiM- hasto hanteH prAzu hanane arthAt hasta zabda han dhAtuse banatA hai kyoMki vaha mArane meM zIghra karatA hai| isa prakAra hiMsArthaka han dhAtukA prayoga niruktameM anyatra bhI dekhA jAtA hai| zabdoMkI anekArthatAke lie eka hI udAharaNa yahAM paryApta hai| prastuta zodha prabaMdha meM to isa prakAra ke aneka zabda parizIlita haiM hiiN| ekArthaka zabdoM meM bhI arthAnusandhAna kI jijJAsA banI rahatI hai| kisI zabdameM koI vizeSa artha kyoM hai usa arthake pIche kauna AdhAra saMbhAvya hai| vibhinna AdhAroMmeM dhvanyAtmaka, aitihAsika, bhaugolika, karmAtmaka, rUpAtmaka, sAdRzya Adi kI saMbhAvanAoMkA parIkSaNa arthAnusandhAnameM apekSA rakhatA hai| zabda nihita arthoMke anveSaNakI pravRtti vaidika kAlase hI rahI hai| vaidika mantroM meM prayukta zabdoMko spaSTa karane ke lie usake dhAtukI ora vahIM saMketa kara diyA gayA hai| zabdoMkA dhAtvartha saMketa nirvacana prakriyA kI ora abhigamana hai| zabdoM kA artha vinizcaya koSagrantha, vyAkaraNa, AptavAkya, vyavahAra Adi se bhI dekhA jAtA hai| lekina nirvacana zAstra ke dvArA zabdoM kA artha nirdhAraNa 494 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ pradhAnarUpameM hotA hai| arthAvabodhake lie nirapekSa rUpase pratipAdita samagra padajAta hI to nirukta hai| nirukta yA nirvacana ko eka dUsare ke paryAya ke rUpa meM hama vyavahAra karate haiN| kisI zabdameM nihita artha yA arthoM ko spaSTa karaneke lie aneka saMbhAvanAoM kI vivecanA dhAtvAdi kI kalpanA nirvacana hai| nirvacanoM kI aitihAsika paramparA meM saMhitAoM kA prathama darzana hotA hai| saMhitAoM meM Rka,yajaH,sAma evaM atharva prasiddha haiN|sNhitaa mantroM kA samudAya hai| sahitAoM ke mantroM meM kucha viziSTa zabdoMkI nirukti prApta hotI hai| mantroMkA vyAkhyAna bhAga brAhmaNa grantha hai| pratyeka veda ke alaga-alaga brAhmaNa grantha haiN| brAhmaNa granthoM meM karmakANDa, jJAna kANDa evaM upAsanA kANDa pradhAna rUpameM vivecita haiN| brAhmaNa bhAga hI tridhA vibhakta haiN| karmakANDa kI pradhAnatA vAle brAhmaNa grantha, upAsanA kI pradhAnatA vAle AraNyaka grantha tathA jJAna kANDakI pradhAnatA vAle upaniSad grantha haiN| brAhmaNa grantha mantroM kI yajJaparaka vyAkhyA prastuta karate haiM jisake calate hama unheM karmakANDa pradhAna kahate haiN| yajJa paraka vyAkhyA ke kramameM ye grantha sambaddha viSayoMke upasthApanake sAtha hI Arya sabhyatA evaM saMskRti kI vibhinna pahaluoMko bhI udbhAsita karate haiN| usakI dhArmika, rAjanItika, Arthika, sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika bimboMko to prativimbita karate hI haiM, vaidika sAhitya kI zabdArtha sampatti ko vizeSa rUpa meM vivecita karate haiN| brAhmaNa bhAga meM yadyapi mantroMkI vividha prakAra kI vyAkhyA huI hai tathApi zabdoMke vivecana kramameM nirvacana bhI upalabdha hote haiN| zabdoM ke arthako spaSTa karaneke lie yahAM aitihAsika AdhAra vizeSa rUpase apanAye gaye haiN|nirvcn meM aitihAsika AdhArake sAtha-sAtha anya AdhAra bhI dekhe jAte haiN| AcArya zaunaka racita bRhaddevatA saMskRta sAhityameM prasiddha hai| isameM devatA sambandhI vicAra vizeSa rUpameM prayukta haiN| devatA sambandhI vicAroMke atirikta isameM anya viSayoMkA bhI vyApaka vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| viSaya vivecana kramameM isameM nirvacana bhI diye gaye haiN| purANoMkA bhAratIya sAhityameM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| aSTAdaza purANa vyAsadevakI racanA hai| vAdarAyaNa vyAsane bhAratIya itihAsako purANoMmeM vivecita kiyA hai| purANoMmeM viSayakI vyApakatA pAyI jAtI hai| bhAratakI tatkAlIna sAMskRtika, rAjanItika, dhArmika, AdhyAtmika, bhaugolika Adi sthitiyoM kA vizada citraNa purANoM meM prApta hotA hai| purANoM meM kucha nirvacana bhI prApta hote haiM, jo aitihAsika, bhaugolika, dhvanyAtmaka, arthAtmaka Adi AdhAra rakhate haiN| isameM kucha nAma padoMko spaSTa karane ke lie nirvacanakA sahArA vizeSa rUpa meM liyA gayA hai| vAlmIki Adi kavi haiM inakI racanA rAmAyaNa Adi kAvya hai| bhagavAn rAma 495:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ ke kRttoM kA gumphana to isameM huA hI hai aneka avAntara vRtta bhI isameM pratipAdita haiN| caubIsa hajAra zlokoM vAle isa mahAkAvya meM yatratatra nirvacana bhI prApta hote haiN| isameM Aye saMjJApadoMko spaSTa karaneke lie nirvacana bhI die gae haiM jisase una saMjJAoMke karma, rUpa, sAdRzya AdikA saMketa prApta ho jAtA hai| mahAbhArata vizvakA sarvAdhika vizAla mahAkAvya hai| isameM eka lAkha zlokoMkA saMgraha hai| veda vyAsakI isa racanAmeM samagra viSaya upasthita haiN| isake saMbaMdhameM kahA gayA hai ki jo yahAM hai vahI anyatra bhI hai jo yahAM nahIM hai ve anyatra bhI nahIM hai| mahAbhArata kI kathA para AdhArita isa mahAkAvyameM avAntara kathAoMkA samUha vyApta hai| dvAparakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRtiko upanyasta karane vAlA yaha mahAbhArata zabdoMke nirvacanameM bhI pIche nahIM hai| bahata sAre zabda apanI kriyAoM kI pradhAnatA ko vyakta karate haiM sAtha hI sAtha kriyAoMke sAtha vivecita bhI.haye haiN| laukika saMskRta sAhitya apane vipula bhaNDAra se samRddha hai| isake padyakAvya, gadyakAvya evaM campUkAvya atyadhika AyAmI haiN| indriyoM kI upayogitA ke AdhAra para saMskRta sAhitya ko dRzyakAvya evaM zravyakAvya ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| dRzyakAvya meM 10 rUpakoM evaM 18 uparUpakoM kA vizAla bhaNDAra hai| zravyakAvyameM mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, gadyakAvya, campakAvya Adi Ate haiN| kAvya sAhitya ke atirikta vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, darzana, arthazAstra Adi bhI laukika saMskRta ke bhaNDAra haiN| samagra laukika saMskRtameM yatratatra nirvacana prApta hote haiN| saboMkA anveSaNa evaM pradarzana isa zodha prabaMdha meM saMbhava nhiiN| yahAM laukika saMskRmeM pradhAna bhUta mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM se hI kucha nirvacana prastuta kie gae haiN| vaidika saMskRtase lekara laukika saMskRtake nirvacanoM kA paridarzana sthAlIpulAka nyAya se kiyA gayA hai jo isa zodha prabaMdha ke dvitIya adhyAyameM vivecita hai| ina nirvacanoM kA tulanAtmaka anuzIlana bhI vahIM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| vaidika kAla se lekara adyatana nirvacana kI prakriyA kA mUlyAMkana hI yahAM uddezya rahA hai| SaDaMgoM meM nirukta bhI parigaNita hai| zikSA, kalpa, chanda, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa evaM nirukta veda ke aMga honeke kAraNa vedAMga tathA cha saMkhyA meM hone ke kAraNa SaDaMga kahalAte haiN|10 vaidika sAhitya meM nirukta ke mahatva ko bhUlA nahIM jA sktaa| samprati eka hI nirukta grantha upalabdha hotA hai jo AcArya yAska kI racanA hai| nirvacanoM kA vaijJAnika evaM samRddha zAstra nirukta hI hai| nirukta kI racanA usa samaya huI jaba veda kI paramparA pravAhita thii| vaidika saMskRta vizva meM apanA viziSTa sthAna prApta kara cukI thii| sampUrNa karma yajJamaya thaa| yajJoM meM vaidika mantroM kI dhvani avirala vyApta thii| vedoM meM prayukta mantroM kI 426 vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArda yAska
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________________ parIkSA evaM surakSA kA prayAsa vibhinna sampradAyoMke dvArA hotA thaa| usa samaya bhI vaidika dharmake vipakSI apanI sthiti dRr3ha karanemeM saMlagna the| ve loga vaidika mantroMkI prAmANikatAmeM saMdeha karane laga gaye the| vedAMgoMkI racanAke samaya Ane vAlI vaidika pIr3hiyoMkI vedase kramika asampRktatA dRSTigocara ho rahI thii| aisI sthitimeM yahI kahA jAne lagA ki yA to vedake mantroMmeM artha hai hI nahIM yA isake artha kI jAnakArI vyaktiyoMko nahIM hai| ina praznoMke uttarameM niruktakA kitanA mahattva hai yaha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| yAska isI sAMskRtika saMkramaNa ke samaya ke pramukha niruktazAstrI haiM jinhoMne tatkAlIna evaM bhaviSyameM uThanevAlI zaMkAoM ke samAdhAnakI saphala ceSTA kI hai| nirvacana AjabhI bhASA vijJAnake viziSTa aMgake rUpameM mAnya hai| bhAratIya bhASA vijJAnameM nirvacanoM kA pRthak sthAna evaM astitva rahA hai| zabdoMke arthAnveSaNase sambaddha yaha zAstra anya zAstroMkI apekSA adhika vaijJAnika mAnA jA sakatA hai| nirvacanake lie prayukta vividha zabda bhAratIya sAhityameM dRSTigocara hote haiN| nirvacana evaM nirukta zabdoMkI bhI aitihAsikatA hai| ina zabdoMkA vivecana prakRtazodha prabaMdhake prathama adhyAyameM hI kiyA jA cukA hai| vahIM para bhASA saMbaMdhI vivecanoMko bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai kyoMki bhASAkA manuSya ke sAtha avinAbhAva saMbaMdha hai| bhASAke sAtha nirvacana zAstra kA bhI isI prakAra kA saMbaMdha mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya nirukttakAroMkA itihAsa mahattvapUrNa hai| nizcaya hI bhAratameM niruktakAroMkI vizada paramparA hai| vaidika RSiyoMke bAda AcArya yAskane isa kSetrameM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA prastuta kI / yAskake niruktake atirikta nivarcana zAstrapara kisI dUsare niruktakArake nirukta granthakI upalabdhi Aja nahIM hotii| bhAratameM sAMskRtika saMkramaNa adhika hue haiN| lagatA hai vividha kAraNoMse anya nirukta grantha naSTa ho gae yA andhakArameM vilIna ho gye| yaha kahanA isalie ucita pratIta hotA hai kyoMki svayaM yAskane apane niruktameM pUrvavartI evaM tatkAlIna caudaha niruktakAroM kI carcA kI hai jinakA siddhAnta kisI na kisI rUpameM ullekhanIya rahA hai| yAskabhI unake siddhAntoMse prabhAvita hue haiN| nirvacana zAstra kI paramparA meM aupamanvaya, audumbarAyaNa, vArSyAyaNi, gArgya, zAkapUNi, aurNavAbha, gAlava, taiTikI, krauSTuki, kAtthakya, sthaulASTIvi, AgrAyaNa, carmazirA, zatavalAkSya prabhRti niruktakAra samAdRta haiM jinake siddhAntoM kI carcA svayaM yAska ne kI hai yA kucha zabdoMke nirvacana ke samaya ina AcAryoM ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai ina AcAryoM ke samaya, paricaya evaM kRtiyoM kA ullekha ekatra va kahIM prApta nahIM hotA / prakRta zodha prabaMdhake tRtIya 497 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ adhyAyameM uparyukta niruktakAroMkA paricaya diyA gayA hai jisameM samaya, sthAna evaM kRtiyoMkA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ina AcAryoMke paricaya meM anyAnya sAdhanoMkA bhI sahayoga liyA gayA hai| isa kAryake lie vividha pustakoM, zodha patroM, zodhapatrikAoM evaM paramparAgata adhyetAoM se vizeSa samparka kiyA gayA hai! nirvacanoMkI prApti prAtizAkhyoM evaM vyAkaraNa granthoMmeM bhI hotI hai / prAtizAkhya veda kI pratyeka zAkhAoM se sambaddha vaidika vyAkaraNa hI haiM jinameM vaidika zabdoMkA vyutpAdana, cintana evaM vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / punaH vyAkaraNa samagra vaidika evaM laukika zabdoM kA vyutpAdana yA anuzAsana karatA hai / niruktakAroMke svataMtra astitvakI rakSAke lie prAtizAkhyakAroM evaM vaiyAkaraNoM ko niruktakAroMkI zreNImeM rakhA gayA hai| prasiddha munitraya (pANini, kAtyAyana evaM paMtajali) ke dvArA zabdoMkI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| bAda TIkAgranthoM meM bhI zabdoMke Upara prabhUta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| nyAya Adi dArzanika granthoMmeM bhI vyAkhyAtmaka DhaMgase zabdoMkI vivecanA prastuta kI gayI hai| ina logoMke apane-apane kSetrameM svataMtra astitvakI rakSAke lie hI niruktakAroM kI zreNImeM unheM yahAM nahIM rakhA gayA hai| yAskake samaya, sthAna Adike bAremeM aneka mata-matAntara haiN| kucha loga pANiniko yAskase pUrva mAnate haiM tathA kucha loga yAskako pANinise pUrva mAnate haiM! yAskake paricaya AdikA gaveSaNAtmaka vivecana prakRta zodha prabaMdhake caturtha adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai| vahIM para yAskako pANini kA pUrvavartI bhI siddha kiyA gayA hai| pANinike sUtroM para yAskakA prabhAva spaSTa pratilakSita hotA hai| svayaM pANinine apane sUtroMmeM yAskakA ullekha kiyA hai| pANinike bAdake AcAryoM para to yAska kA prabhAva aura bhI atyadhika dekhA jAtA hai| svayaM maharSi paMtajali apane mahAbhASyameM yAskake siddhAntoMkA anekazaH ullekha karate haiM / hama kaha sakate haiM ki vyAkaraNakA bahuta bar3A bhAga niruktakA RNI hai / prakRta zodha prabaMdha vizeSa rUpase nirukta para hI AdhArita hai| niruktakI vivecanAke sAtha yAskake jJAna gAmbhIryakA ullekha isI adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai| yAskake jJAna gAMbhIryakA saMketa niruktase hI vizeSa rUpa meM prAptaho jAtA hai| nirvacana ke kucha mAnya AdhAra haiN| ina AdhAroM meM dhvani ko sarvAdhika mahattva prApta hai| dhvani zabda kI laghutama ikAI hai jinake saMyoga se zabda niSpanna hotA hai| zabda kI ikAI ke rUpa meM dhvani kA mahattva isalie aura adhika ho jAtA hai kyoMki zabda kA vahI mUla AdhAra hai| bhautika rUpa ke binA zabdakI sthiti mAnI nahIM jA sakatI / dhvani ko hama zabda kA bhautika rUpa kaha sakate hai tathA 498 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ arthako zabdakA Atmika ruup| bhASAkA jIvanake sAtha abhinna sambandha hai| jIvanakI prAthamika AvazyakatAke rUpameM bhASAko hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhASAkI upekSA jIvanakI upekSA hai| saMsArakI sampUrNa vastuoMko mAnasika evaM zArIrika do rUpoMmeM dekhA jA sakatA hai| zarIrakA sambandha bhautika vastuoMse hai jabaki mAnasakA sambandha bhautika vastuoMkI apekSA anya ruupoNse| nirvacana isa prabala mAnasa pakSakA saMvaraNa karatA hai jisakI AvazyakatA kevala saiddhAntika hI nahIM hai| isakA vyAvahArika kSetra adhika vyApaka hai| bhASA kA sambandha vyavahArake sAtha honese usakI pariciti sarvavyApI ho jAtI hai| nirvacana bhASAke gahanatama sUtroMko sulajhAtA hai jisakI AvazyakatA bhASA vijJAnake jJAnake lie kama nhiiN| zabdoMkA nirvacana bhASA vijJAnakI vaha zAkhA hai jisake binA bhASA evaM bhASA vijJAnakA jJAna adhUrA raha jAtA hai| nirvacanake lie dhvanikA mahattva kama nhiiN| Adhunika bhASA vijJAnameM to dhvani ko hI mUla AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| nirvacanoMmeM dhvanikI upekSA bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise upayukta nhiiN| dhvaniyoMkA niyamAnusAra parivartana bhASA vijJAnameM svIkRta hai lekina niyamoMke viruddha dhvanikA rUpAntaraNa dhvanyAtmaka audAsinyakA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| nirvacanoMke kramameM nirUktakAra yAskabhI dhvani ko kama mahattva nahIM dete| jJAtavya hai ki niruktakAroMkA mUla uddezya zabdoMke arthakA vinizcaya hai| ataH ve arthAtmaka AdhArako dhvanyAtmaka AdhAra kI apekSA adhika mahattva dete hai| kabhI-kabhI arthAtmaka anusaMdhAnameM ve loga dhvani kI upekSA bhI kara dete haiN|11 nirUktameM dhvani vijJAna para svataMtra carcA nahIM hai| niruktakAroM ke dvArA arthakI apekSA dhvanikA samAdara adhika nahIM hai| pracAnIkAlameM dhvani vijJAna prAtizAkhya evaM zikSAke aMga the| vyAkaraNa granthoMmeM bhI dhvanikI carcA haI hai| nirvacanake krama meM niruktakAroMne dhvaniko sthAna diyA hai kyoMki dhvanike binA nirvacana svayaM apUrNa hotaa| artha vijJAnake sAtha nirvacanoM kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| artha zabdakA prANa hai| prANakA mahattva bhautika zarIrameM adhika hotA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAe ki prANa ke calate hI zarIrakA zarIratva surakSita rahatA hai to koI atyakti nahIM hogii| zabdoM kI rakSA bhI arthake kAraNa hI hai| zabdoMkA prayoga bhI artha ke kAraNa hI kiyA jAtA hai| nirvacana kA mUla uddezya hai arthoMkA prkaashn| arthake mahatva ko bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise bhI bhUlA nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki saboM ke mUlameM artha hI vidyamAna hai| yAskane bhI artha ko atyadhika mahatva diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve nirvacana kramameM artha prakAzanake lie dhvani niyamoMmeM zithilatA bhI svIkAra karate haiM tathA zabdoMke nirvacanameM arthake mahattvako haThapUrvaka surakSita rakhanekA prayAsa karate haiN|rjo bhASAvijJAnakI dRSTise sarvAMzata: svIkArya nhiiN| 499:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ nirvacanameM dRzyAtmaka AdhAra bhI vicAraNIya hotA hai kucha zabdoMkI nirmiti dRzyAtmaka AdhAra para AdhArita hotI hai| pRthvI zabdake nirvacanameM yAska dRzyAtmaka AdhAra ko upasthApita karate haiN| bahuta AzaMkAoMke bAda bhI yAska kA yaha kathana ki yaha dekhanemeM phailI huI hai isalie ise pRthivI kahate haiM apane ApameM mahattvapUrNa hai|13 isa prakArake aneka zabda haiM jinake AdhAra dRzyAtmaka haiN| kucha zabdoMke nAma zabdAnukaraNa para bhI AdhArita haiM kisI vastu yA saMjJAkI dhvaniyoM ke AdhAra para bahuta sAre zabda vyavahArameM dekhe jAte haiN| vizeSa kara pakSiyoM ke nAma meM zabdAnukaraNa ko sambaddha dekhA jAtA hai| AcArya yAska bhI pakSiyoM ke nAma meM zabdAnukaraNa siddhAnta ko vizeSa rUpameM prazraya dete haiM / 14 yaha siddhAMta anya bhASAoMke sAtha bhI mAnya hai| saMskRta kA kAka, aMgrejI kA (padai) kro isI prakAra niSpanna haiN| yAska ne kRkavAku, tittiri: Adi aneka zabdoM ko upasthApita kara isa siddhAnta ko mahattva maNDita kiyA hai| yadyapi sabhI zabda unake zabdAnukaraNa para AdhArita nahIM haiN| yAska ne bhI sabhI zabdoMke nirvacanameM zabdAnukaraNako AdhAra nahIM banAyA hai lekina zabdAnukaraNa para AdhArita kucha zabdoMke astitva para AzaMkA nahIM kI jA sktii| sAdRzyake AdhAra para bhI vastuoMke nAma dekhe jAte haiN| sAdRzyakA artha hotA hai smaantaa| karma sAdRzya, guNasAdRzya, rUpasAdRzya, dharmasAdRzya Adike AdhAra para bahutase zabda AdhArita haiM / nirvacanameM rUpAtmaka evaM aitihAsika AdhAra bhI apanAye jAte haiN| kucha zabda apane sAtha eka vizeSa itihAsa bhI surakSita rakhate haiN| apatyArthaka zabda vizeSa rUpase aitihAsika mahattva rakhane vAle haiN| yAska bhI ina prakArake zabdoMke nirvacanameM aitihAsika AdhAra ko hI apanAte haiM / aitihAsika AdhAra vAle zabdoMke nirvacanameM ve brAhmaNa granthoMkA pramANa bhI upasthApita karate haiN| yAska dvArA apanAye gaye uparyukta mAnya AdhAroM ke vizleSaNa evaM vimarza prakRta zodha prabaMdha ke paMcama adhyAya meM kie gaye haiN| bhASA vijJAnakI dRSTise nirvacanake mAnya AdhAroM kA upasthApana evaM tadviSayaka yAskakI dRSTikA mUlyAMkana bhI vahIMsampanna huA hai| nirvacana ke kSetrameM yAska kA yogadAna sarvAdhika hai| nirvacana zAstra ke janmadAtA ke rUpa meM bhI hama yAska ko hI dekhate haiM, jabaki nirvacana vijJAna kA utkarSa bhI inakI hI racanAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| inake pUrva ke nirukta grantha kI anupalabdhi hI uparyukta kathana kA kAraNa saMbhAvita hai| yAska ne nighaNTu ke zabdoM kA nirvacana karanA apanA abhISTa samajhA tathA unake hI zabdoM kA cintana evaM nirvacana apane nirukta granthameM kiya nighaNTu vaidika zabdoMkA samAmnAya 500 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ hai jisameM tIna kANDa haiM- naighaNTaka kANDa, naigama kANDa evaM daivata kANDa naighaNTraka kANDa tIna adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hai jinameM kramaza: 414, 516 evaM 410 zabda saMkalita haiN| naighaNTuka kANDa ke zabdoM kI kula saMkhyA 1340 hai| nighaNTuke zabdoMkI vyAkhyA niruktake dvitIya adhyAyase AraMbha hotI hai| niruktake prathamAdhyAyameM bhI kucha nirvacana prApta hote haiM jo nirvacana kI bhUmikA ke prasaMgameM prApta haiN| ye zabda nighaNTu paThita nahIM haiN| nighaNTu ke prathama adhyAyameM yadyapi 414 pada saMkalita haiM lekina ye sabhI zabda niruktameM vyAkhyAta nahIM hote| niruktake dvitIya adhyAyameM mAtra 151 zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiM, jinameM kucha zabda prasaMgata: prApta bhI haiN| nighaNTrake dvitIya adhyAyameM parigaNita zabdoMke nirvacana niruktake tRtIya adhyAyake prathama evaM dvitIya pAdameM prApta hote haiM lekina unameM mAtra 55 zabda hI vyAkhyAta haiM, inameM bhI kucha prasaMgataH prApta haiN| jJAtavya hai nighaNTuke dvitIya adhyAyameM 516 zabda saMkalita haiN| isI prakAra nighaNTa ke tatIya adhyAyakI vyAkhyA niruktake tRtIya adhyAyake tRtIya evaM caturtha pAdoMmeM kI gayI hai| nighaNTke tRtIya adhyAyake 410 zabda vyAkhyAta na hokara caturthAMzase bhI kama zabda yahAM vyAkhyAta haiN| niruktake tRtIya adhyAyake tRtIya evaM caturtha pAdoMmeM mAtra 75 zabdoMkI hI vyAkhyA haI hai jinameM kucha prasaMgataH prApta bhI haiN| isa prakAra naighaNTraka kANDake kula 1340 zabdoMmeM mAtra 218 zabdoMke nirvacana prApta hote haiM, inameM bhI bahata se zabda prasaMgata : prApta haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki nighaNT paThita zabdoMmeM se eka caturthAMza zabdoMke nirvacana bhI yAska nahIM krte| naghaNTuka kANDake nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana prakRta zodha prabaMdhake SaSTha adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai| _nighaNTukA dvitIya kANDa naigama kANDa kahalAtA hai, yaha nighaNTukA caturtha adhyAya hai| nighaNTukA caturtha adhyAya tIna khaNDoMmeM vibhAjita hai jisameM kramaza. 62, 84 evaM 133 pada saMkalita haiN| isa prakAra caturtha adhyAyake zabdo kI kula saMkhyA 379 hai| pratyeka padoM kI svataMtrasattA honeke kAraNa inheM aikapadika kANDa kahA jAtA hai| ina padoM ke nirvacana niruktake caturtha, paMcama evaM SaSTa adhyAyoMmeM prApta hote haiN| nirukta ke caturtha, paMcama evaM SaSTha adhyAyoM meM kramaza: 146, 134 evaM 206 nirvacana prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra nirukta ke naigama kANDa ke nirvacanoM kI kula saMkhyA 486 hai| yAska nighaNTra ke naigama kANDa ke 279 zabdoM ke sthAna para 486 nirvacana prastuta karate haiN| ina nirvacano meM atirikta nirvacana prasaMgata prApta haiM / nighaNTu paThita naigama kANDa ke 279 zabdoM ke nirvacana bhI yahAM nahIM kie gaye haiM kyoMki inameM kucha zabdoM ke nirvacana meM pUrva vyAkhyAta yA Age vyAkhyA kI jAyagI kaha kara kAma 52.5:vyutpani vijJAna aura AcArya yA
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________________ calA liyA gayA hai| naigama kANDake nirvacanoMkA mUlyAMkana prakRta zodha prabaMdha ke saptama adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai| nighaNTukA antima adhyAya daivata kANDa kahalAtA hai| devatAoMke nAma se sambaddha padoMkA saMkalana daivatakANDa hai| nighaNTukA antima arthAt pAMcavA adhyAya cha: khaNDoMmeM vibhAjita hai| inameM kramazaH agni Adi-3, draviNodA Adi-13, azva Adi-36, vAyu Adi-32,zyena Adi.36 tathA azvinau Adi-31 pada saMkalita haiN| ina padoMke nirvacana niruktake kramazaH saptama, aSTama, navama, dazama, ekAdaza evaM dvAdaza adhyAyoM meM prApta hote haiN| nighaNTu ke daivata kANDake prathama khaNDameM saMkalita tIna padoMkI vyAkhyA meM yAska niruktakA pUrA saptama adhyAya lagAte haiN| niruktake saptama adhyAyameM 37 nirvacana haiM jiname 34 nirvacana prasaMgata: prApta haiN| nighaNTake daivata kANDake dvitIya khaNDameM saMkalita 13 padoMke nirvacana yAska niruktake aSTama adhyAyameM karate haiN| aSTama adhyAyameM nirvacanoMkI kula saMkhyA- 29 hai| inameM 16 nirvacana prasaMgataH prApta haiN| nighaNTuke daivata kANDake tRtIya khaNDameM 36 pada saMkalita haiM, ina padoMke nirvacana niruktake navama adhyAyameM kie gaye haiN| navama adhyAyake nivarcanoM kI kula saMkhyA 76 haiM jinameM 40 prasaMgataH prApta haiN| punaH nighaNTrake daivata kANDake caturtha khaNDameM vAyu Adi 32 pada paThita haiM jinake nirvacana yAska niruktake dazama adhyAyameM karate haiN| dazama adhyAyake nirvacanoMkI kula saMkhyA-57 hai| nizcaya hI inameM 25 nirvacana prasaMgataH prApta padoM ke haiN| isI prakAra nighaNTke daivatakANDake paMcama khaNDameM zyena Adi 36 pada saMkalita haiM jinake nirvacana yAska niruktake ekAdaza adhyAyameM karate haiN| ekAdaza adhyAyake nirvacanoMkI kula saMkhyA 56 hai jisameM 20 prasaMgataH prApta haiN| punaH daivata kANDa ke SaSTha arthAt antima khaNDameM azvinau Adi 31 pada saMkalita haiM, ina padoMke nirvacana yAska niruktake dvAdaza adhyAyameM karate haiM. niruktake dvAdaza adhyAyake nirvacanoMkI kula saMkhyA 51 hai jinameM 20 nirvacana prasaMgataH prApta padoMke haiN| niruktake trayodaza evaM caturdaza adhyAya yadyapi vivAdagrasta haiM phira bhI niruktake sAtha kaI saMskaraNoMmeM prApta hote haiN| ataH ina do adhyAyoM ko bhI niruktakA aMga mAnA jAtA hai| ina do adhyAyoM meM yAska ne kucha mantroM kA ullekha kara inake Izvaraparaka artha kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| inheM ati statiyoM ke antargata parigaNita kiyA jAtA hai| isa prasaMga meM prApta kucha padoMke nirvacana bhI yAska prastuta karate haiN| ina do adhyAyoM meM kramazaH sAta evaM ATha nirvacana prApta hote haiM jo kisI na kisI prakAra devatAoM se sambaddha haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa daivata 502:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska /
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________________ kANDake antargata hI inheM vivecita evaM mUlyAMkita kiyA gayA hai| daivata kANDake sabhI nirvacana adhyAyAnukramase isa zodha prabaMdhake aSTama adhyAyameM vivecita haiN| bhASA vijJAnakI vividha zAkhAyeM Aja vikasita evaM pallavita ho rahI haiN| vibhinna bhASAoMke samparka meM lAnekA zreya Aja bhASA vijJAna ko hI hai| tulanAtmaka bhASA ke adhyayana se hI spaSTa hotA hai ki kisI bhASA parivArakA kSetra kitanA vyApaka hai| bhASA ke mAdhyama se deza vizeSa kI saMskRtiyoM evaM sthitiyoMkA mUlyAMkana sahaja DhaMga hotA hai| jJAtavya hai Adhunika bhASA vijJAnakA svataMtra astitva 19 vIM zatAbdIse pUrva prApta nahIM thA / prAcIna bhAratameM bhI bhASA vijJAnake nAmase svataMtra rUpameM to kArya nahIM hue, lekina zabda, dhvani, artha, padavinyAsa, vAkyayojanA, zabdArtha sambandha Adi bhASA vijJAnake vividha aMgoM para pUrNa prakAza DAlA gyaa| pANini yAjJavalkya, vyAsa, vaziSTa, nArada Adi ke lagabhaga 20 se bhI adhika zikSA granthoMkI upalabdhise spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcIna bhAratameM dhvani para kitanA adhika kAma huA hai / 15 prAcIna bhAratameM dhvani zAstra apane ApameM svataMtra anusaMdhAnakA viSaya hai| isI prakAra prAcIna bhAratameM artha vijJAna para bhI svataMtra kArya dekhe jAte haiN| samagra saMskRta sAhitya meM artha kI pradhAnatA dekhI jAtI hai| prAcIna bhAratameM artha vijJAnabhI svataMtra anusaMdhAnakA viSaya hai| hama dekhate haiM ki bhASA vijJAnake sabhI aMga kisI na kisI prakAra prAcIna bhAratameM vivecita hue haiN| bhASA vijJAnake vividha aMgoM se nirukta bhI sambaddha rahA hai| bhAratameM bhASA vijJAnakA eka viziSTa aMga nirvacana zAstra vizeSa rUpameM vivecita hai| isa prakAra kI vivecanA vizvakI anya bhASAoM meM kama milatI hai| itanA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki yAskake samayameM nirvacana zAstrakI jo sthiti thI, vaha anya bhASAoMke nirvacana zAstrase utkRSTa thI / isa prakAra kA kArya vizvakI kisI bhASAmeM usa samaya nahIM huA thaa| nirvacana zAstrake lie vyutpatti zAstrakA prayoga bhASA vijJAnameM dekhA jAtA hai|16 yadyapi nirvacana evaM vyutpatti meM pArthakya hai phira bhI vyutpatti kA prayoga nirvacana ke lie rUr3ha sA ho gayA hai / prakRta zodha prabaMdha meM bhI nirvacana zabdake lie vyutpatti zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| " nirvacana zAstra kI dRSTi se yAska ke mahattva ko dekhA jAe to kahA jAyagA ki yAska nirvacana samrAT the| bhASA vijJAna ke nirvacana zAstra kI zAkhA para yAska kI jo dRSTi hai vaha anyatra nahIM miltii| yahAM yaha bhI kahanA asaMgata nahIM hogA ki yAska ne nirvacana ke prati apanI vizeSa Asakti ko pradarzita kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa haiM ki bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se yAska ke sabhI nirvacana pUrNa 503 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ saMgata nahIM Thaharate haiN| -: sandarbha saMketa : 1. idamandhatamaH kRtsnaM jAyate bhuvntrym| yadi zabdAhvayaM jyotirAsaMsAraM na diipyte||- kaavyaadrsh-1|2, 2. ni. 15,3.ni.4|2,4. atharva .11 / 4 / 21, 5. R. 4 / 40 / 5, 6. ni. 143, 7. si. muktA. zabda khaNDa-kA.-81 kI vyAkhyA dra., 8. R bhA.mU. (sAyaNa)-pR. 45, 9. saM. sA. kA iti. (valadeva upA.) pR. 90, 10. pA.zi.. 41-42, 11. ni. 1 / 4 / 2 / 1, 12. ni. 2 / 1, 13. ni. 1 / 4, 14. ni. 3 / 4, 15. saM. sA. kA iti.. (gairolA) pR. 110-112, bhASA vi.-bho.ti. pR. 528, 16. bhASA vijJAna-bho.ti.pR. 446. 504:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ saMketa sUcI ave. atharva saM . atharva saMhitA kA.saM. kANvasaMhitA a. prA. . atharva prAtizAkhya kATha. saM. . kAThaka saMhitA a. pu. - agni purANa kA .mI. kAvya mImAMsA ama. ko. - amarakoSa kA. alaM - kAvyAlaMkAra a.ko.rA. - amarakoSa rAmAzramI ki.kA. . kiSkindhA kANDa TIkA ko.brA. - kauSItaki brAhmaNa aSTA . . - aSTAdhyAyI kau. artha. . kauTilyasyArtha-zAstram abhi. - 'abhijJAna zAkuntalam kSIra.TI.dra. . kSIrasvAmI TIkAdraSTavya abhi.ci. __. abhidhAna cintAmaNi go. nA. - gopatha brAhmaNa a.rA. - adhyAtma rAmAyaNa gau.dha.sU. - gautama dharma sUtra a.saM. anekArtha saMgraha chA. u. . chAndogyopaniSad avestA chA.u.zAM.bhA.. chAMdogyopaniSada ara.kA. - araNya kANDa zAMkara bhASya azva. parva . azvamegha parva ta.vA. - tantravArtika Apa.zrI.sU. * Apastamba zrauta sUtra ta.saM. - tarkasaMgraha Apa.zu.sU. - Apastamba zulba sUtra tula. bhA. - tulanAtmaka bhASAzAstra Apa.dha.sU. - Apastamba dharma sUtra te. u. - taittirIya upaniSad utta. rA . uttararAmacaritama tai. bA. .. taittirIya brAhmaNa uNA. - uNAdi sUtra tai. A. - taittirIya AraNyaka uNA.ko. - uNAdi koSa tai.saM. - taittirIya saMhitA ai.bA. - aitareya brAhmaNa daza. dazarUpakam ai.A. - aitareya AraNyaka dra. draSTavya kra prA. - Rk prAtizAkhya dai.bA. . daivata brAhmaNa R.ko. . Rgveda koSa dhva.vi. * dhvani vijJAna R.bhA.bhU. . RgvedamASya-bhUmikA dhvanyA. dhvanyAloka kra.saM. (kra.)- RgvedasaMhitA - nyAyamuktAvalI R.bhA. - Rgveda bhASya nyA.zA. nyAyazAstra R.ta. - Rktantra nA.pu. nArada purANa kA .gra. . kAlidAsa granthAvalI ni. nirukta - kAzikA ni.du.vR. nirukta durga vRtti kAri. - kArikAvalI ni.mI. nirukta mImAMsA kA.gR.sU. - kAtyAyana gRhyasUtra ni.sa. - niruktasamuccaya kA.prau.sa. . kAtyAyana zrauta satra ni.zlo. . nirukta zlokavArtika kAvya ___ . kAvyAdarza ni.ni. . nighaNTu tathA nirukta kA.vyA. - kAzakRtsna vyAkaraNa niru. . niruktAlocana nyA.mu. kA. 315:vatpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vA .pu. pada. padapadArtha vibhAga vAyupurANa parizIlana vAca. vAcaspatyam pA.ta. - pANini tantram vA. prA. - vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya pA.zi. - pANinIya zikSA vizva .ko. - vizvakoSa (vizva.) prA.pra. - prAkRta prakAza vi pra.(viSNu) - viSNupurANa prA.sa. - prAkRtasarvasvam ve.dI. . vedArtha dIpikA padma pu. - padma purANa vai.i. . . vaidika iNDeksa ba.sU. - brahmasUtra vai.ko. . vaidika koSa bra.vai .pu. __- brahmavaivartapurANa vau.zrI.sU, .. vaudhAyana zrautasUtra bhASA.vi. - bhASA vijJAna vR.u. - vRhadAraNyakopaniSad bhA.pu. - bhAgavata purANa vR.de. vRhaddevatA bholA . ti. - bholAnAtha tivArI za.bra. * zatapatha brAhmaNa mahI. bhASya ___ . mahIdhara bhASya zabda. - zabdakalpadruma ma bhA. * mahAbhArata zA.brA. * zAMkhAyana brAhmaNa mahA. - mahAbhArata zA.pa. - zAntiparva ma. bhASya mahAbhASya zu.yaju. zuklayajurveda manu smR. manusmRti zu.ya prA. zuklayaju:mAla. - mAlavikAgnimitram prAtizAkhya mAna.zrI.sU. - mAnava zrautasUtra zrImadbha. . zrImadbhagavadgItA mA.zi. mAdhyandinI zikSA sA.saM. - sAmasaMhitA muNDa.(mu.u.)- muNDakopaniSad sA.bhA. sAyaNa bhASya megha. __ - meghadUtam sA.ve. sAmaveda medi . - medinIkoSa si.zi. . siddhAnta ziromaNi maitrA. saM. . maitrAyaNI saMhitA si.mu. - siddhAntamuktAvalI ya. prA. . yjuHpraatishaakhy| si.kau. - siddhAnta kaumudI yA.zi. - yAjJavalkya zikSA ska.purA. . skandhapurANayA. smR. . yAjJavalkya smRti revA.khaM: revA khaNDa yuddha kA . . yuddha kANDa halA.. . halAyudhakoSa raghu. - raghuvaMzam haima. - haimakoSa laghu. kau. . laghusiddhAnta kaumudI hAyara se.grA. . hAyara saMskRta grAmara, vA.pa. (vA.) - vAkyapadIyam kAle vA.kA. vAlakANDa hi.ni. - hindI niruktam vA.rA. . vAlmIki rAmAyaNa hito. . hitopadeza 506:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ i 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.. 16. 17 18. 19. sandarbha granya sUcI atharva saMhitA - sAyaNa bhASya - nirNaya sAgara - baMbaI atharvaveda prAtizAkhya amarakoSa - rAmAzramI-motIlAla banArasI dAsa, agnipurANa amarakoSa-kSIrasvAmI aSTAdhyAyI-pANini, rAmalAlakapUra TrasTa, hariyANA abhijJAnazAkuntalam-caukhambA saMskRta prakAzana, vArANasI amidhAna cintAmaNi adhyAtma rAmAyaNa-mItApresa, gorakhapura anekArthasaMgraha hemacandrasUri, zAntipurI, hAlAra, gujarAta aSTAdhyAyI bhASya-brahmadata jijJASu, rAmalAlakapUra TrasTa. hariyANA aSTAdhyAyI oNpha.pANini-vasa- motIlAla banArasIdAsa avestA arthazAkha-kauTilya Apastamba zrautasUtra Apastamba zulva sUtra, maisUra saMskaraNa, Apastamba.dharmasUtra IzAdinau upaniSad - gItA presa, bhorakhapura Iza kena kopaniSada, samalAla kapUra TrasTa, hariyANA uttararAmacaritam- manamUrti caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja,banArasa ra upasRSTadhAtvartha saMgraha, kA.siM.da.saM. vizvavidyAlaya, darabhaMgA uNAdikoSa, rAmalAlakapUra TrasTa, hariyANA e vaidika rIDara phAra sTuDeNTsa - maikaDaoNnela e hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara- ema viNTaranItsa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa ekriTikala sTaDI oNpha saMskRta phoneTiksa-DA.vidhAtA mizra, cau.vi.ma. vArANasI e saMskRta iMgaliza DiksanarI- ema. viliyama, oNksaphorDa 1951 ena iNTroDeksana TUliMgvisTika sAinsa elimeNTsa oNpha da sAinsa oNpha laiMgveja-tArApora vAlA ese disimAntika, mAikela bIla etareya brAhmaNa - nirNaya sAgara * baMbaI aitareya AraNyaka - AnandAzrama saMskRta granthAvalI, pUnA Rgveda-vaidika saMzodhana maNDala pUnA RgrAtizAkhya Rgveda koSa Rgveda bhASyabhUmikA- sAyaNa, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI RgvedabhASya-rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, hariyANA RgvedAdibhASya bhUmikA-rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, hariyANA RgvedAnukramaNI- beMkaTa mAdhava rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, hariyANA Rgveda saMhitA- sAyaNabhASya-maiksamUlara sampAdita 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 15. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 507:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73 !74 75. 76. 77. 78. 179. Rktantra RktantravyAkaraNa-lAhaura saMskaraNa kAlidAsa granthAvalI-sampAdaka DA. re. pra .dvi., kA. hi. vi. vArANasI kAzikA-nyAsaTIka jinendrabuddhi kArikAvalI - nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI kAtyAyana gRhyasUtra - rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, hariyANA kAtyAyana zrautasUtra kAvyAdarza, daNDI, hitacintaka presa, rAmaghATa, kAzI- 1988 kAzakRtsna vyAkaraNa kANvasaMhitA kATaka saMhitA kAvyAlaMkAra, bhAmaha, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA kAvya prakAza-nAgezvarI TIkA, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI kAvyamImAMsA- rAjazekhara, bihAra rASTrabhASApariSad, paTanA kAle hAyara saMskRta grAmara- rAmanArAyaNa lAla veNI prasAda, ilAhAbAda kaiTalAga oNpha saMskRta mainyuskripTsa kauSItaki brAhmaNa " kauTilyasyArthazAstram- caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI gopathabrAhmaNa- rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, hariyANA gautamadharma sUtrANi - caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI caimbarsa DiksanarI chAndogyopaniSad zAMkara bhASya, gItA presa, gorakhapura jarmana saMskRta zabdakoSa - raoNtha evaM grAsamAna taMtravArtika - kumArilabhaTTa tarka saMgraha - annaMmaTTa, caukhambA vidyAmavana, vArANasI tulanAtmaka bhASA zAstra DA. maMgaladeva zAstrI taittirIya upaniSad taittirIya AraNyaka taittirIya saMhitA taittirIya brAhmaNa dazarUpaka dhanaJjaya, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI da nyu vaidika seleksana- tailaMga eNDa cau da vAkyapadIyam- ke. rAghavana pilai, motIlAla banArasI dAsa-1971 da libhiMga vevesTara- insAiklopeDika DiksanarI oNpha iMgaliza laiMgveja da vRhaddevatA- zaunaka sampA. maikaDonela, motIlAla banArasI dAsa da iTImAlAjIkala kansepTa oNpha da purANAja- vijaya zaMkara, jainabhAratI, zodhaaMka 2020 da sTaDI oNpha laiMgveja- kairola da iTImAlAjIja oNpha yAska, varmA - vizvezvarAnanda zodha saMsthAna hoziyArapura daivata brAhmaNa dhvani vijJAna- jI. vI. ghala- bihAra hindI grantha akAdemI, paTanA 508 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 0m d 25. 27. 98. 99. 100. dhvanyAloka Anandavardhana, caukhambA saMskRta sIro na . vArANasaM nyAya muktAvalI. caukhambA saMskRta prakAzana nArANasI nyAya darzana nyAyazAsa nAradapurANa niruktam- devarAja yajvA, manasukharAya mora, kalakattA niruktam- durgavRtti, manasukharAya mora, kalakattA niruktabhASya- skanda, mahezvara niruktam - paM. chajjurAmazAstrI, kUcAcelA, dariyAgaMja, dillI niruktasamuccaya-vararUci, rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, hariyANA niruktAlocana - satyavrata sAmagramI niruktazlokavArtika - rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, hariyANA niruktamImAMsA- zi.nA. zAstrI, iNDolAjikala hAusa, vArANasI nirukta-TI. mukunda jhA vaksI, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI nighaNTu tathA nirukta- lakSmaNasvarUpa, motIlAla banArasI dAsa pada padArtha vibhAgaparizIlana- caturvedI, kizora vidyAniketana, vArANasI padmapurANa paramalaghumaMjUSA paMcatantra, viSNuzarmA paribhASenduzekhara- nAgojibhaTTa caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI-1931 pataMjalikAlIna bhArata varSa-agnihotrI-bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA pANini tantram pANini aura unake uttarAdhikArI u.nA. tivArI, lokabhAratI prakAzana pANinIya zikSA- caukhambA saMskRta prakAzana, vArANasI pAtaMjala yogapradIpa, gItApresa, gorakhapura pANinikAlIna bhAratavarSa vA.za.agravAla caukhambA vidyAmavana, vArANasI pANini hija pleza ina saMskRta liTalecara- golDa sTUkara prAkRta prakAza- vararuci, caukhambA saMskRta prakAzana, vArANasI prAkRta sarvasvam-prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI, ahamadAbAda prosiDiMgsa oNpha phiphtha varlDa saMskRta kAnaphrensa. vArANasI kilosophI oNpha grAmarajesparzana, jArja elena eNDa albina li. raskina hAusa myujikala sTrITa landana / brahmasUtra-zAMkara bhASya, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI brahmasUtra zAMkara mASya, gItApresa, gorakhapura brahmavaivata purANa bhartRharizatakatraya-saMskRti saMsthAna, khAjA kutuba, varailI bhASA vijJAna-mo.nA.ti., kitAba mahala, preveTa li. ilAhAbAda bhASAvijJAna rUpa aura tatva- saM. rAmagopAlazarmA dineza, AgarA bhASAsAhitya aura saMskRti-rAmavilAza zarmA, kitAba mahala, ilAhAbAda bhAgavatapurANa- gItA presa, gorakhapura bhASAvijJAna kI bhAratIya paramparA aura pANini-tripAThI. bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada. 101. 102. 103. 104 105. 106 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115 116 117 118 112 501 myutpati in au: pAcArya yAka
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________________ 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. paTanA bhASA vijJAna kI bhUmikA- AcArya devendra nAtha zarmA bhASA vijJAna para bhASaNa- epha maiksamUlara, anu. DA. hemacandra jozI bhASA zAstra kI rUparekhA- u.nA.ti. lIDara presa, ilAhAbAda bhAratIya bhASA vijJAna- kisorI dAsa vAjapeyI, cau.vi. bhavana, vArANasI bhASA- blUmaphIlDa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa- 1938 manobhASikI zAstrI, bihAra hindI grantha akAdemI, paTanA manusmRti- caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI-1965 maMjuzrImUlaklapa mahAbhASya- pataJjali-nirNaya sAgara presa, baMbaI mahAkAvya- kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI mahAmAsta- bItA presa, gorakhapura mAnava zrautasUtra mAdhyandinI zikSA mAlavikAgnimitram- caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI mImAMsAzloka vArtika kumArilabhaTTa muNDakopaniSad-gItApresa, gorakhapura meghadUtam-regmI, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI meghadUtam-jagaddharI- kA.siM.da.saM.vi., darabhaMgA medinIkoSa maitrAyaNI saMhitA yaju. prAtizAkhya yAskas- nirukta, rAjavAr3e, maNDArakara oriyaNTala insTicyuTa, pUnA-1940 yAskIya nirukta- esa.ke. gupta, bhAratIya mandira anusandhAnazAlA, vizvavidyAlayapurI, jayapura yAjJavalkya zikSA yAjJavalkya smRti-caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI raghuvaMzam-kAlidAsa,jJAnasAgara presa, mumbaI rAjataraMgiNI-kalhaNa laigveja, plumaphIlDa, nyUyArka 1950 laghu siddhAnta kaumudI- maimI vyAkhyA, maimI prakAzana, lAjapatarAya mArkeTa, dillI laghukAzikA- tripAThI, vArANaseya saMskRta vi.vi., vArANasI liMgvisTika inTroDaksana TU saMskRta- vaTakRSNa ghoSa vyAkaraNa zAstra kA itihAsa mImAMsaka, mAratIya prAcya vidyApratiSThAna, ajamera vyAkaraNa mahAmASya- anu. cArudeva zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa- 2025 vAyupurANa vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, gItApresa, gorakhapura vAcaspatyam-caukhambA saMskRtaM sIrIja, vArANasI vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya viSNu purANa-gItApresa, gorakhapura vizvakoSa 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 510:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192 . 193 . 194 . vedArthadIpikA vaidika padAnukrama koSa (paM. vizvabandhu) 1956 I. vaidika iNDeksa-maikaDonela eNDa kItha, (anu. rAmakumAra rAya) cau.vi.bha. vArANasI vaidika sAhitya aura saMskRti- upAdhyaya, zAradAmandira kAzI, 1958 vaiyAkaraNa siddhAntakaumudI - veMkaTezvara mudraNAlaya, mumbaI vaidika vAGmaya meM bhASA cintana - zi.nA. zAstrI, iNDolaoNjikala buka hAusa, vArANasI vaidika koSa-sUryakAnta, banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI baudhAyana zrotasUtra- rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, hariyANA vRhadAraNyakopaniSad- gItApresa gorakhapura vRhaddevatA-zaunaka, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI zatapatha brAhmaNa- AnandAzrama saMskRta granthAvalI, pUnA zabdastoma mahAnidhi - tArAnAtha bhaTTAcArya, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, zabdakalpadruma- caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI vArANasI zAMkhAyana brAhmaNa zivamahimnastotra- madhusUdana sarasvatI zuklayajurveda- ubvaTa mahIdhara bhASya, motIlAla banArasI dAsa zuklayajuH prAtizAkhya- DA. vI. ke. varmA, jJAnaprakAza pratizThAna, gaMgAmahala, paTanITolA, vArANasI zrImadbhagavadgItA gItApresa gorakhapura brAhmaNa sAmaveda sAmAnyabhASA vijJAna- DA. bAbU rAma saksenA sAhityadarpaNa- vimalATIkA, motIlAla banArasIdAsa siddhAntakaumudI bhaTTonidIkSita - cau. vi. bha. vArANasI siddhAnta ziromaNi - bhASkarAcArya sisTama oNpha saMskRta grAmara- velbhakara- 1915 saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa- gairolA, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vAraNasI saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - upAdhyAya saMskRta kA bhASAzAstrIya adhyayana- DA. bholAzaMkara vyAsa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana 1966 saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kItha, anu. zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa saMskRta iMgaliza DiksanarI, vI. esa. ApTe saMskRta laiMgveja- TI.vero, phevara eNDa phevara, landana saMgraha ziromaNi- sarayU prasAda, lakhanaU hindI nirukta- paM. sItArAma zAstrI, po. vA. 1165, nayI sar3aka, dillI hindI nirukta 'RSi' caukhambA vidyAbhavana, 1961 hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara- vevara 511: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ aktuH UkSa: akSaram akSA: akSi: akraH - akUpAra: agnAyI agniH agniSToma - agnistoma agram 340 agriyA - aNuH atyA: atri: * - - 363 agham - 354 aghnyA accha: aja: - * ajaekapAt 484 ajIga: 15 493 489 295 425 130 367 265 441 402 24 24 - 473 329 279 350 375 259 28 225 atithi: - 252 atUrta : - 428 artharyuH 305 atharvANa: - 469 adbhutam 125 amasat - 263 aditi: 273 zabda sUcI 469 adriH 15 .251 adhvaryuH - 129 - 160 adha: adharaH - 160 adhiguH - 307 adhoraoNma : - 481 anya: 125 antaH - 278 antarikSam 167 andha: - 293 - 207 annam antikam 208 anaH 474 - anavAyam - 354 384 377 * anavabravaH anarvA anarzarAtim apsarA apatyama apAmArga : 512 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska * 377 anarvam * 283 anudAttam - 279 anubhUti: 471 anuSTup - 400 anUpA - 182 apnaH 214 apvA * * - 358 311 199 - - 21 apAMnapAt - 454 apratiSkutaH 365 aprAyuvaH 268 apIcyam - 276 abhyarddhayajvA 347 abhidhetana - 381 abhIke 232 abhIkSNam - 187 abhIzava : 207 amyak amatram amatra: amati * amUra: ayam arka: 358 amavAn 356 artha: arbudaH ardheH * - 362 292 - 376 amA amina: amIvA amImayat - 163 * 357 351 223 14 * arAtayaH ari: - 293 * - 364 * - 300 135 - 211 234 arbhakam - 233 araH 283 araNa: - 199 araNI - 306 araNyAnI 440 214 - 303 alhavaH - 378 - *
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________________ alAtRNaH avataH avattam avanayaH avasam azva: - - * asUrte asau ahaH * * - azvinau 477 azlIlam - 377 210 aSTau askRdhoyuH - 382 asme 347 asazcantI - 293 283 - - asakrAma 378 asAmi asiknI 437 asinvatI - 343 asuraH 25 - - * - 203 asuratvam - 458 asunItiH - 460 362 - 283 181 - 339 226 143 206 - 134 133 188 * ahrayANa : 315 178 ahiH ahirbudhnyaH- 461 A 302 AkSANa: 212 - AkhaNDala:- 213 Aga: 469 AghRNiH AGgaSaH AcArya : Ajyam Aje : ANiH AtmA AdityaH AditeyaH AduriH Adhava: AnuSak Apyam AptyA ApaH - AvahaH Avi: - 439 492 ApAnaH 212 ApAtamanyu:- 308 ApriyaH 412 Ayudham 448 ArlI 441 ArjikIyA - 438 ArTiSeNa: 168 AritaH 315 326 419 Azayat 177 AzA 336 AzI : 350 AzuzukSaNi:- 335 - * 305 308 122 24 433 389 220 172 407 * 386 384 361 361 469 21 Asthat 150 Asyam 130 AhanaH 295 AhanasaH 262 AhAva: 325 18 iDa itthA idaMyuH idhmaH indraH induH indrarAtruH indrANI inaH irmAntaH iriNam ilIviza: iSminaH iSira : iSIkA iSu iSudhi : IkSe Irma Ila : uktham ukSaNa: uccaiH utsa: uttara: * - 302 - 387 413 * 25,32 449 460 178 - 473 215 257 425 371 263 254 426 431 - 429 - 347 324 414 - * - - * * - * 28 479 275 - 450 170 * 513 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ uttAna: . 272 udgIthaH . 30 udakam . 184 udanyuH / 468 udAttam / 279 upasi . 346 upalaprakSiNI - 345 upajihikA- 235 upara upala- 182 ubhau . 252 urvazI . 310 urvI . 188 uraNaH . 319 urANaH *367 uruH . 416 ulvam / 390 ulUkhalam - 433 uzik . 354 uzIra: - 162 uSNam . 154 uSNik . 399 uSNISam - 399 uSas . 180 uSA - 478 uSAsAnaktA-417 ustrA . 270 Uti: . 152 296 Udhas / 370 Urka: - 204 UrNA . 320 EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE Urdaram . 236 urmiH . 322 ekam __. 209 enas / 469 erire - 273 eva . 186 okaH - 200 ogha: . 148 ojaH . 350 omanA . 345 omAsaH . 353 oSadhayaH . 439 oha brahmANa:-490 auzijaH . 354 aMkaH . 190 aMkuza: . 330 aMgam . 247 aMga: . 316 aMgArA - 225 aMgirA . 225 aMgiras . 29 468 aMgulaya: / 205 aMzuH . 162 aMsatram / 324 aMhati . 277 aMhara: . 381 Rk . 28 490 RkSaraH . 440 RkSA . 234 Rgmiyama . RcIsama: - 377 RjISI . 309 RjunIti - 373 Rjati: / 372 Rtvik . 231 Rtam . 186 Rtu . 186 RdUdara: / 343 RdUpe . 343 389 Rdhak . 278 RbhavaH . 468 RvIsam - 390 RSi: -29,30 169 kaH . 455 kakup - 399 kakSyA . 157 kaccha: .266 kacchapaH . 266 kaNTakaH - 440 katpayam . 341 kanyA : 261 kapanA . 344 kapiala: 228 kabandham . 447 kambalaH . 155 kambojA: . 154 karNaH . 130 karma . 199 514:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ 40 366 386 kalyANam - 159 kalyANavarNarUpa:- 159 466 467 467 - 325 480 karandhamaH karasnau karutI kalaza: kalA kaliH * kAruH kAla: kAzi: - - kavacam kavi: kavInAm kazA kAka: 227, kAkudam 327 kANa: - 384 kANukA - kucaraH kuTa: - * * * 306 kAmayamAna: 270 kArtikeyaH * * - : 337 kASThA - 176 ki: 491 431 - 389 321 * 355 kitava: kimIdina kilviSam - 469 kiyedhA kiMzukam 371 478 kIkaTA: . 35 345 187 - * 387 137 - 323 kuNAru kutsa : kuja: kurutana kuruMga: kuru kulmASA: kulam kuliza: kuzikaH kuhUH kUlam kUpaH ketapU: kepaya: kezinaH kezI kokuvA koza: kaurayANa : kravyam krANA: krimi: krivirdatI krUram kRkavAku : kRttiH kRdaram kRpA kRSNa : . * 375 123 376 - 369 187 472 238 231 18 - - * - - * - * - - * * - 152 338 214 400 - 255 375 * 324 483 483 327 326 314 355 270 358 386 376 481 320 - 236 351 39 kRSNam 181 kRSTiH 455 khaNDam 213 217 - 212 237 390 143 144 kham khala: gnA gaNA: gatvA gatam gadhyam madhitA gartaH garbhaH garutmAn galdayA gAtham gAdha: gAyatram gAyatrI girvaNA gira : giri: giriSTA gI: - guhA gau gaurI gaMgA * - - -. 314 314 201 - 132 138 138 13 489 160 473 436 gRtsamadaH 28 515: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska - * - * - * * 456 405 - 378 19 149 13 ,26 128 398 362
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________________ gRdha: gRham grAvANaH grIvA grISmaH ghanaH ghoSaH ghRtam ghRtasnU ghraMsa: kSaNa: kSatra : kSA kSipram kSIrama cakSuH cakram catvAraH canaH candraH 424 492 - 216 426 - 189 candramA - - * * 161 kSumpam - 316 kSetram 453 kSetrasyapati - 452 kSetrasAdhA - 153 kSoNasya 347 cyavanaH 268 247 * 282 146 427 154 485 -- 370 187 42 163 208 281 209 363 33 465 33 464 candanam camasa: cayase carma carSaNi caruH cAkan cAru: cit cittam citrama cizcA cokU chadaH chandas 302 125 251 429 coSkUyamAnaH- 374 374 28 31 397 431 146 144 144 26 401 * - 470. jyA jyoti: jagmatuH jagmuH jagatI jaguri: jaghanam jajjhatI jaTharam jamadagnyaH jarate jarA 465 452 277 162 - 323 355 383 419 465 516: vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska - * * - - * - - - - - * - - - 432 364. 255 406 276 449 jarAyu: jarUtham jalhava : javAru jAlam jinvati - jahA 245 jAgRviH 426 jAtavedas - 19 405 jAmAtA 352 jAmi: 202 jAyA 24 jAra : 220 jArayAyI - 363 381 - * 376 14 jiSNo: jihmam jihvA juhure jUrNiH -joSavAkam - - - * - * 419 * 327 269 344 320 491 jJAtA * jJAtiH 272 tvaH 233 tvaSTA 418 takma 470 takSati 268 taDit * 213 tataH 346 tatanuSTi: - 370 tattvAyAmi 145 - * * - 459 368 379 368 - -
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________________ toda: . 303 taurayANa: / 314 tRcaH . 145 tRNam . 133 tRprahArI - 308 tRSNaka - 468 tRSvI *357 traya - 209 tritaH / 254 triSTapa -401 dakSiNA . 35 duroNa tarkaH 126 tantu . 13 tanayam -446 tanUnapAt / 413 tapana: . 42 tapiSTaiH / 357 tapuH .355 tapuSi *341 tamaH . 177 _ . 148 taruSyati * 294 tavasa: .305 taviSI . 435 taskara: . 296 tAyuH 373 tAyaH . 457 tAlu -327 tviSi .135 tigmam . 447 titaU - 256 tittiriH - 227 tiras ___ - 223 tugvaH . 261 tuJjaH / 369 turvaNiH / 361 turaH . 481 turIpam / 372 turIyam / 489 tUtAva .277 tUtumAkRSe - 324 tUrNAzam / 316 tokam . 448 daNDa: . 157 daNDyaH . 156 daNDI . 145 daghnam . 131 dadhyaG - 485 dadhikrA . 189 dana: * 387 dabhram .233 dAmanA . 153 dayate - 264 daza: - 210 dasyuH -406 dAti . 156 dAtram - 156 dAru . 261 dAsa: . 178 didyut .448 divyaH -404 divyA . 259 diviSTiSu / 374 diza: . 176 dIrgham - 177 dIdhitayaH - 306 dundubhiH . 429 duritam / 358 253 duhitA - 200 dUtaH - 291 dUram . 232 devaH . 26 403 486 devara: . 218 devapalyaH - 487 devazrutam . 171 devIyoSTI - 442 devIUrjAhutI-442 do - 248 daMza: .136 daMzayaH . 276 dyuH 124 dyumnam - 303 dyauH . 181 drapsaH . 312 draviNoMdA . 410 draviNasa: -411 dradhaNa: . 434 droNam - 325 dvAra: . 150 416 517:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ padavI padi nAma papuriH payaH 4 5 6 # Hai As dvitA . 297 dvivarhAH . 367 __ . 209 dhanvan - 301 'dhanam . 208 dhanuH * 430 dhAtA - 466 dhAtu . 136 dhAnyam . 17 dhAnA - 309 dhiSaNA . 411 dhuniH - 308 - 17 207 - 366 dhenuH . 473 naktA - 417 nakSatram . 26 nakSatrANi - 234 nakSadAmam . 342 nadaH . 295 nadI - 20 184 nanA - 346 namaH - 175. narya: . 472 narakam - 132 narAH - 291 narAzaMsaH - 414 nava . 210 navam . 232 nasati - 404 nAka: . 174 nAdha: 149 nAmiH * 271 * 282 nArAMzaMsaH . 427 nArAyaNa: . 34 nAsatyau . 359 nAsikA . 366 niRtiH . 165 nighaNTra: . 121 nicumpuNaH . 317 nidhA . 246 nidhiH . 15 159 nirNItam . 231 niyutaH / 329 nizrammA: : 342 nibaSI . 315 niSAdaH . 294 nIcAyamAnam- 275 nIcaiH . 274 nUcit . 265 nemaH . 234 paNiH pati: . 18 pathyA ___. 474 - 492 * 317 panyA * 190 - 323 - 161 parvaH - 138 parvataH . 138 pazu: . 248 parjanyaH . 451 parAzaraH - 385 paruSaH . 164 parucchepa: . 460 paruSNI . 437 palAzam . 484 paviH - 301 ghenA 484 pavitram- 16,19 303 naitoza 488 4 4 4 3 nodhA . 262 pavIravAn . 485 pazuH . 222 paMktiH . 46 400 paMca . 205 pAka: - . 215 pAjaH '. 356 paNiH - 179 pANiH . 188 pAtram 293 naMsanteM . 262 pacatA. . 364 paDmiH . 297 paNDukaH . 388 518:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska 1
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________________ bindu bAha . 205 - 146 bilam . 179 budhnam . 460 bundaH - 389 busam . 318 bekanATA / 380 braja: . 339 brahmaNaspati:- 30 452 brahmA . 128 . 127 bRhatI . 400 bRhaspati . 30 451 pAthaH . 348 pApaH . 294 pAdaH . 165 pAduH . 318 -pAvam . 287 pAza: pAzyA . 247 pAMsavaH . 482 pijavanaH . 185 pitA . 271 pituH / 435 pinAkam - 236 piparti . 322 pipIlikA * 402 piyArum . 277 pizunaH . 356 putraH . 169 pumAn . 430 purandhiH / 359 purANam .. 33 232 purISam .. 183 puruSaH . 133 puruhutam . 340 pururavA . 461 purohitaH . 171 pulukAmaH . 343 puSkaram / 312 puSpam -313 pUSA - 482 peza: . 417 paijavana . 185 pRtanAjyam . 434 pRthak . 324 pRthivI- 18,34 134 pRthu . 152 pRthujrayA - 303 pRzniH . 173 pRSTham / 247 pRSata . 152 prakalavit . 347 prajApatiH . 460 prantam . 142 pratadvasU - 373 prathamaH . 182 pradhanaH . 434 pradhi - 284 prapitve . 232 praskaNvaH . 224 prasitiH . 357 priyamedhaH - 224 phalgu . 35 bakura: - 379 bata *381 bandhuH . 271 balaH - 339 balama / 208 babdhAm . 309 bahuH . 215 vATya: . 147 bAlaH . 427 bhaga: - 221 bhadrama _ . 257 bhandanA . 294 bhartA . 40 bharaH . 274 bharata: - 43 * bharujA . 151 bhAUjIka:- 344 bhAratI - 418 bhAradvAja: - 28 226 bhrAtA . 280 bhImaH . 137 bhISmaH . 137 bhuraNyu: - 483 bhUri: . 164 532 vyutpani vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ bhRguH . 224 bhRmi: .372 bhRmyazva: - 435 bhagandaH . 388 magham . 15 126 maghavAn . 25 maNDa: . 425 maNDUkA: . 424 matsaraH . 161 matsyA : . 380 madhu . 149 457 madhucchandA- 27 mantrAH . mandI . 276 mandU . 258 mandrajihama- 378 manyuH , - 457 manas . 252 manu: .485 manuSyaH / 202 maryaH .219 maryA . 246 maryAdA . 246 marudvRdhA - 437 marutvAn - 255 marutaH . 467 mahAn / 216 mahivataH . 226 maMgalam 423 mAtarizvA - 406 mAtA . 166 mAtrA . 278 mAduSa: . 24 mAnuSa : . 24 mAsa: . 284 mAMsam - 250 mAMsaH - 41 mitraH .454 mithunau - 407 mukSIjA *317 muJjaH . 425 mudgalaH *434 muSTi: / 337 musalama .441 muhuH .186 mUrdhA .407 mUlam . 340 mUSikA - 253 megha: . 148 466 yakSa: . 34 yakRt . 250 yajJa: . 13 230 yajaH .398 yama: .454 yamunA - 436 yahvaH .415 yAdRzmin - 363 yuvA - 268 yUtham . 275 yoni: . 180 yoSA . 220 rakSa: .267 rajaH . 268 rajiSTham . 419 rajjuH . 147 rathaH . 428 ratharyati . 383 rambhaH . 236 rayi - 265 rarANa . 171 rarivAn - 279 razmi: . 175 rasA - 470 raMzu . 367 rAkSasa: . 34 rAkA 471 rAjan . 22 rAjapuruSa:- 158 medaH . 250 medhA . 229 medhAvI . 230 menA . 236 meSa: . 222 mehanA . 251 maujavata : . 425 mRga: .136 mRdu . 152 mRtyu: / 32 520:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ * . 235 rAjA - 35,42 144 rATa - 487 rAtriH . 180 rAdha: . 252 rAma: -36.37 40 rAmA . 36 480 rAvaNaH -38,40 rASpinaH . 372 rizAdasaH - 360 rihanti . 459 rujAnA: - 344 rudraH -18,32 36,44 447 ruSat . 181 360 rUpam . 159 217 rekNaH . 199 rodasI . 337 474 rodhaH . 338 lakSmaNaH . 37 lakSmIH . 257 lAjA - 352 lAMgalam - 379 lAMgUlam - 380 libujA - 382 lodham . 260 loma . 202 loSThaH . 338 vakSaH 262 vajraH . 214 vadhU . 149 vanam . 412 vanaspatiH . 31 411 vanargu . 217 vanuSyati / 294 vamrI vayaH . 163 vayAH . 123 vayunam . 313 varNaH - 159 vartani: - 20 varpa: - 304 varSA - 283 varhaNA - 370 varhiH 415 vratam . 172 vratatiH . 382 vrandI . 315 vrA 298 vara. . 125 varAhaH - 298 varIyaH . 20 415 varuNaH . 447 vavakSitha vivakSasa-216 vavriH . 166 vastram - 273 vasavaH . 486 vaMza: . 300 vAk . 183 vAcaspatiH . 454 vAjagandhyam- 313 vAjaspatyam - 313 vANI - 339 vAtaH . 459 vAtApyam . 382 vAmam .386 vAmadevaH . 28 vAya: . 383 vAyuH . 446 vAryam / 292 vAravantam . 136 vAri . 423 vAvazAna: * 291 vAzI: . 263 vAstoSpatiH . 453 vAstu . 453 vAsaram . 255 vAhaH . 264 vAhiSTaH . 291 vyantaH - 269 vyAsaH vyAgha: ..229 vikaTa: - 385 vijAmAtR / 352 521:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ vitastA . 438 vIraH . 127 zvAtram . 296 bitaram . 415 vIriTam . 328 zvetyA . 181 vidathAni . 449 vIrudhaH . 341 zakvarI -25,45 vidhavA . 218 vedaH . 492 128 vidhAtA . 466 vena: . 459 zakaTam . 373 vipATa . 438 vaitasaH . 237 zakuniH / 423 vibhIdakaH . 426 vaikhAnasaH . 226 zatam : 211 viyAta . 213 vaizvAnaraH * 406 zantana: - 170 viyate . 277 baizravaNa: . 38 zaMmba: . 323 virAT . 24 vRkSa : . 163 zaryA . 299 401 vRkaH . 318 zaraH . 299 virUpaH . 226 379 zarad - 280 vilmam . 135 vRtra: 25,44 zarAru . 387 vilvam . 134 179 zarIram . 28 vivasvAn . 406 vRndam - 389 .177 vizcakadrAkarSa:- 158 vRvadukthama:- 343 zalbhaliH - 479 vizvAmitra:- 49 vRvUkam . 183 zavaH . 156 185 vRSala: . 223 zavati . 155 vizvakarmA * 456 vRSabha: . 256 zazamAnaH . 351 vizvedevA - 486 vRSAkapiH - 484 zAravA . 124 vizravA . 38 vRSAkapAyI . 489 389 viSTap . 174 zmazraH - 201 zAzadAna: - 365 viSNuH -17.32 zmazAnam . 201 zitAma - 249 35,482 zmazA .310 ziti - 250 viSpita: . 372 zlokaH . 427 zipiviSTaH - 304 viSam . 483 zyAmam . 249 zimI . 308 visam . zyenaH . 275 ziraH . 258 visruhaH . 341 zvaH . 124 ziriviThaH - 384 vizatiH . 211 zvaghnI . 321 ziznam . 270 vIbhatsuH . 41 zvA . 228 522:vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAmka
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________________ ziziram zizIte zizuH zIram zuk zukram zuci zutudrI zundhyu zunAsIrau zurudhaH zuSmam zUrpam zUraH zepa: zeSa : zevaH zaMbhuH zaMyuH zraddhA zravaH zrAyantaH zruSTI zreNiH zroNiH zrRMgam SaT skandhaH staH stena: stotA - - - 260 336 - * 417 * * - - - - 353 259 237 * 200 453 - 297 272 440 - * - - - * 132 267 459 - - 336 436 262 442 - 284 - 364 184 stokA : stRbhiH strI 369 143 231 230 stipA stiyA stukaH stUpa: stomaH sthANu: sthUra : snuSA syam syAla: syonam svaH svasA 406 349 359 260 248 164 saktuH sakthi sakhA sagara : sacA satyam svasti svasarANi svaJcA svam svAhA svarka: svarkA: * * - - - * * - * - - - - 147 235 236 368 368 472 458 397 135 374 479 353 352 416 173 221 472 238 474 299 304 321 420 467 487 256 432 491 37 302 217 sataH sadAnve santi sapta 233 384 143 - 281 saptaputram 281 saptaRSaya: 485 sapaH 316 saprathA: 349 samvatsaraH 282 samAnam 278 samudraH -26,44 167 404 samanam samam samad samid sarvam sarvadamanaH sasnim sasam sarasvatI saramA saraNyU savitA savImani salalUkam sahasram sahas sAdhyAH sAnu: sAma - - 322 -4030 - - * - - - - - 29 185 43 290 297 436 470 480 457 349 340 211 14 486 184 30 523 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska
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________________ sAmi sikatA sindhuH 328 301 sinam sinIvAlI - 471 silikamadhyama-258 siMha: sImA sImakA sukham sugrIva: sutuka: sutra suparNa: suprAyaNA subharvam - - 398 378 148 - 228 127 235 216 37 - 267 361 215 247 suvite suzipra : suSomA sUcI sUrya: 433 sumat - 374 - 132 surA suvidatra 361 396 481 sUryA sUrte senA saMkA sagrAma: 267 saMcayaH sRNi: sR hyaH hanU haryati - 524 : vyutpatti vijJAna aura AcArya yAska - 35 saiMhikeya: somAnam - 353 somaH 14 - - - * * * 264 365 439 471 32 * 478 362 168 464 430 208 326 329 365 125 366 405 hradaH hrasvaH hara : harayANa : hari: havirdhAne hastaH hastaghnaH hAsamAne - heti hemanta: hotA haMsa: * hinota 373 himam 283 hiraNyam 166 hiraNyagarbha:- 455 hiraNyastUpa :- 458 hiraNmayaH - 28 - - 131 215 269 315 270 441 * 127 430 296 341 283 404 260 493
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