Jayoday Mahakavya Ka Shaili Vaigyanik Anushilan

Author(s): Aradhana Jain
Publisher: Gyansagar Vagarth Vimarsh Kendra Byavar
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006193/1

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jayodaya mahAkAvya zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana DaoN. ku. ArAdhanA jaina "svatantra" -: prakAzaka/prakAzana :AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara zrI 1008 digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra, ajamera

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paramapUjya AcArya 108 zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kI sAhitya sAdhanA - saMskRta sAhitya - 1. jayodaya mahAkAvyam (2 bhAga meM) 2. vIrodaya mahAkAvyam 3. sudarzanodaya mahAkAvyam 4. bhadrodaya mahAkAvyam (samudradatta caritra) 5. dayodaya campU 6. samyakatvasArazatakam 7. muni manoraJjanAzIti 8. bhakti saMgraha 9. hita sampAdakam hindI sAhitya - 10. bhAgya parIkSA 11. RSabha caritra 12. guNa sundara vRtAnta | 13. pavitra mAnava jIvana 14. karttavya patha pradarzana 15. sacitta vivecana 16. sacitta vicAra 17. svAmI kundakunda aura sanAtana jaina dharma 18. sarala jaina vivAha vidhi 19. itihAsa ke panne 20. RSi kaisA hotA hai / TIkA grantha - 21. pravacasAra 22. samayasAra 23. tattvArthasUtra 24. mAnavadharma 25. vivekodaya 26. devAgamastotra 27. niyamasAra 28. aSTapAhur3a 29. zAMtinAtha pUjana vidhAna

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana

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D jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana (barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla dvArA 1991 meM pI.eca.DI. ke lie svIkRta zodhaprabandha) sAMgAnera -: lekhikA :DaoN. (ku.) ArAdhanA jaina "svatantra" prAdhyApikA, zAsakIya uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlaya udayapura (vidizA) ma.pra. -: prakAzaka/prakAzana :AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara - evaM zrI digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra, nArelI-ajamera (rAja.)

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Wan | preraka prasaMgaH cAritra cakravartI pU. AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke suziSya, tIrthakSetra samuddhAraka,Agama ke prAmANika evam sumadhura pravacanakAra, yuvAmanISI, jJAnodaya tArtha kSetra (nArelIajamera) preraka, AdhyAtmika evam dArzanika santa muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja evam pU. kSu. zrI gaMbhIrasAgarajI evaM kSu. zrI dhairyasAgarajI mahArAja ke 1996 jayapura varSAyoga meM mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke sAhitya para paMcam vidvata saMgoSThI ke suavasara para prakAzita / prakAzaka : AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra byAvara (rAja.) granthamAlA : DaoN. ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura sampAdaka evaM niyAmaka paM. aruNakumAra zAstrI, byAvara saMskaraNa : dvitIya - 1996 prati : 1000 . mUlya : 25/- rupaye mAtra prApti sthAna : AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra "sarasvatI bhavana" seTha jI kI nasiyA~ byAvara 305 901 (rAja.) zrI digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra nArelI-ajamera (rAja.) phona : 33663 zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra .. mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera, (jayapura-rAja.) mudraka : nio blaoNka eNDa prinTsa purAnI maNDI, ajamera (c) 422291

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana -: AzIrvAda evaM preraNA :muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja kSu. zrI gaMbhIrasAgarajI mahArAja kSu. zrI dhairyasAgarajI mahArAja -: saujanya :zrImAn zreSThI zrI ema. ela jaina DI-15, AkAza dIpa subhASa nagara zopiMga senTara jayapura (rAja.) -: prakAzaka/prakAzana :AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara evaM zrI digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra, nArelI-ajamera (rAja.)

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zrI digambara jaina mahAkavi AcArya zrI 108 jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja

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OR jJa nodaya tIrtha kSetra - eka dRSTi ___ bhAratIya saMskRti Adarza puruSoM ke AdarzoM se prasUta evaM saMvarddhita/saMrakSita hai / pratyeka bhAratIya apane Adarza puruSoM ko jIvana ke nikaTatama sajone kA prayAsa karatA hai / bhArata kI Adarza ziromaNI digambara jaina samAja AdhyAtmika saMskRti kA kIrtimAna anAdinidhana sanAtana kAla se sthApita karatI rahI hai| isa sanAtana prabhAyamAna di. jaina saMskRti meM/pratyeka yuga meM caubIsa-caubIsa tIrthaMkara hote rahe haiM, hote raheMge / jinakI sarvajJatA se pradatta jIvana ko jayavaMta banAne vAle sUtroM ne inake vyaktitva ko AdarzatA evaM pUjyatA pradAna kI hai| vItarAgI, niSpahI, aThAraha doSoM se rahita, ananta catuSTya ke dhanI, ina arahantoM ne apanI divya vANI se rASTra samAja evaM bhavya jIvoM ke liye sarvocca Adarza prApta karane kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai / jaba ina mahAn arahantoM kA param nirvANa ho jAtA hai taba inake abhAva ko sadbhAva meM anubhUta karane ke lie di. jaina saMskRti meM sthApanA nikSepa se vAstukalA ke rUpa meM/ mUrti ke rUpa meM sthApita kara jina bimba saMjJA se saMjJita kiyA jAtA hai| ina jina bimboM se ananta Adarza pratibimbita hokara bhavya prANIyoM ke nidhattanikAcita duSTa karmoM ko naSTa karate haiM / aise mahAna jina bimboM ko jina-bhakta nagara yA nagara ke nikaTa upavana meM virAjamAna kara usa pavitra kSetra ko AtmazAnti kA kendra banA letA hai / nagara jinAlayoM kI apekSA upavanoM meM sthApita tIrthakSetroM kA vAtAvaraNa adhika vizuddha hotA hai / ataH loga saikar3oM mIloM se hajAroM rUpayA kharca karake tIrthakSetroM para tIrthayAtrA karane jAte haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki jisa bhUmi para tIrtha kSetra hote haiM tathA tIrtha yAtrI Akara tIrtha vandanA karate hoM vaha bhUmi devatAoM dvArA bhI bandanIya ho jAtI hai / isaliye pratyeka jilA nivAsI jaina bandhu apane jile meM / kisI sundara upavana meM vizAla jina-tIrtha kI sthApanA karake sampUrNa rASTra ke bhavya jIvoM ke liye yAtrA karane kA mArga prazasta karake apane jile kI bhUmi ko pAvana banA letA hai / durbhAgya hI kahanA cAhiye ki ajamera jilA digambara jaina zrAvakoM ke liye karma sthalI rahA hai lekina tIrthakSetra ke rUpa meM dharma sthalI banAne kA saubhAgya prApta nahIM kara sakA / arthAt ajamera maNDalAnrtagata abhI taka eka bhI tIrtha kSetra nahIM hai / jisa para bhAratavarSa ke sAdharmI bandhu tIrtha yAtrI ke rUpa meM Akara jile kI bhUmi ko pavitra kara sakeM /

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jile kI digambara jaina samAja ke sAtizaya puNya ke udaya se isa rAjasthAna kI janmasthalI, karmasthalI banA kara pavitra karane vAle tathA cAra-cAra saMskRta mahAkAvyoM sahita 30 granthoM ke sRjetA bAla brahmacArI mahAkavi A. zrI jJAsAgarajI mahArAja dvArA zramaNa saMskRti ke unanAyaka jina zAsan prabhAvaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ko dIkSA dekara ajamera kSetra ko pavitra kiyA hai / aisI isa pAvana bhUmi para cira antarAla ke bAda saMta ziromaNI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja ke param ziSya AdhyAtmika saMta muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, kSu. zrI gambhIrasAgarajI, kSu. zrI dhairyasAgarajI kA pAvana varSa 1994 meM varSAyoga huA / isI varSA yoga meM sarakAra, samAja evaM sAdhu kI saMgati ne isa jile ko AdhyAtmika vAstukalA ko sthApita karane ke lie nArelI grAma ke upavana ko tIrthakSetra meM parivartita karane ke liye cunA / sacce puruSArtha meM acche phala zIghra hI lagate haiM aisI kahAvata hai / tadanusAra 4 mAha ke andara hI ajamera se 10 ki.mI. dUra nArelI grAma meM kizanagar3ha-byAvara bAIpAsa para eka vizAla parvata sahita 127.5 bIghA kA bhUkhaNDa digambara jaina samAja ko sarakAra se AvaMTita kiyA gayA jisakA nAmakaraNa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja evaM muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke AzIvAda se "jJAnodaya tIrtha" aisA mAMgalika pavitra nAma rakhA gayA / isa kSetra kA saMcAlana digambara jaina samiti (raji.) ajamera dvArA kiyA jAtA hai / isa kSetra para nimna yojanAoM kA saMkalpa jilA starIya digambara jaina samAja ne kiyA hai| 1. trimUrti jinAlaya (mUla jinAlaya) - isa mahAjinAlaya meM aSTadhAtu kI 11-11 phuTa utaMga tIrthaMkara, cakravartI kAmadeva jaise mahA puNyazAlI padoM ko eka sAtha prApta kara mahA nirvANa ko prApta karane vAle zrI zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, arahanAtha ke jina bimba virAjamAna kiye jAveMge / yaha jinAlaya esa kSetra ko mUlanAyaka ke nAma se prasiddha hogA / / 2. zrI nandIzvara jinAlaya - yaha vahI jinAlaya hai jisakI vandanA zAyada samyagdRSTi eka bhavatArI saudharma indra apane parikara sahita varSa kI tInoM aSTAnikA parva meM jAkara nirantara 8 dina taka pUjana abhiSeka kara apane jIvana ko dhanya banAtA hai / yaha nandIzvara dvIpa jambUdIpa se AThaveM sthAna para par3atA hai / ataH vahAM para manuSyoM kA jAnA sambhava nahIM hai / etartha usa nandIzvara dIpa ke 52 jinAlayoM ko sthApanA nikSepa se isa kSetra meM bhavya jIvoM ke darzanArtha isa jinAlaya kI sthApanA kI jA rahI hai /

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3. sahasrakUTa - arahanta tIrthaMkaroM ke zarIra meM 1008 sulakSaNa hote haiM / , ataH tIrthaMkaroM ko 1008 nAmoM se pukArate haiM / isa eka-eka nAma ke liye eka-eka vAstu kalA meM virAjamAna kara 1008 bimba eka sthAna para virAjamAna kiye jAte haiM / isaliye isako sahasrakUTa jinAlaya kahA jAtA hai / zrI koTi bhaTTa rAjA zrIpAla ke samaya sahasrakUTa jinAlaya ke sambandha meM zrIpAla caritra meM varNita kiyA gayA hai ki jaba sahasrakUTa jinAlaya ke kapATa svataH hI banda ho gaye taba koTi bhaTTa rAjA zrIpAla eka dina usakI vandanA karane ke liye Ate haiM to usake zIla kI mahimA se kapATa ekadama khula jAte haiM / 4. trikAla caubIsI jinAlaya - yaha vaha jinAlaya hai jinameM bharata kSetra ke bhUta, vartamAna va bhaviSya kI 24-24 jina pratimAyeM 5.6 phuTa utaMga 24 jinAlayoM meM virAjamAna kI jAvegI / bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke nirvANa ke bAda zoka magna hokara bharata cakravartI vicArane lagA ki aba tIrtha kA pravartana kaise hogA / taba mahA munirAja gaNadhara parameSThI kahate haiM ki he cakri, aba dharma kA pravartana jina bimba kI sthApanA se hI sambhava hai / taba cakravartI bharata ne muni RSabha sena mahArAja kA ArzIvAda prApta kara kailAza parvata para svarNamayI 72 jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAkara ratna khacita 500-500 dhanuSa pramANa 72 jina bimboM kI sthApanA kI / 5. mAnastambha - jainAgama ke anusAra jaba bhagavAna kA sAkSAta samavazaraNa lagatA hai taba cAroM dizAoM meM cAra mAnastambha sthApita kiye jAte haiM aura mAnastambha meM cAroM dizAoM meM eka-eka pratimA sthApita kI jAtI hai arthAta 1 mAnastambha meM kula cAra pratimAyeM hotI haiM / isa mAnastambha ko dekhakara mithyAdRSTiyoM kA mada (ahaMkAra) gala jAtA hai aura bhavya jIva samyagdRSTi hokara samavazaraNa meM praveza kara sAkSAta arahaMta bhagavAn kI vANI ko sunane kA adhikArI bana jAtA hai / isa sambandha meM antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya eka ghaTanA kA ullekha jaina zAstroM meM milatA hai ki indrabhUti gautama apane 5 bhAI aura 500 ziSyoM sahita bhagavAn mahAvIra se prativAda karane ke liye ahaMkAra ke sAtha AtA hai lekina mAnastambha ko dekhate hI usakA mada galita ho jAtA hai aura prativAda kA bhAva chodd'kr| samyaktva ko prApta kara / sampUrNa ziSyoM sahita jainezvarI dIkSA dhAraNa kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara pada ko prApta ho gayA arthAta isa mAnastambha

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. kI mahimA kitanI anupama hai ki indrabhUti gautama kahAM to bhagavAn se lar3ane AyA thA aura kahAM bhagavAn kA prathama gaNadhara bana gayA / aisA yaha bhavya mAnastambha isa kSetra para nirmANa kiyA jA rahA hai / / 6. talahaTI jinAlaya - isa jinAlaya meM vRtAkAra prathama maMjila para pravacana __ hAla rahegA / dUsarI maMjila para bhagavAn bAhubali, tIsarI para bharata aura cauthI para RSabhadeva bhagavAn kI pratimAyeM virAjamAna hoMgI / | 7. 18 doSoM se rahita tIrthaGkara arihaMta bhagavAna ke dvArA upadeza dene kI sabhA ko samavazaraNa kahate haiM isakI racanA kubera dvArA hotI- deva, manuSya evaM tiryaJcoM kI 12 sabhAeM hotI hai / bhavya jIva hI isa samavazaraNa meM praveza karate haiM / aisA yaha bhavya jIvoM kA tAraNa hAra samavazaraNa bhI isa kSetra para sthApita kiyA jA rahA hai / 8. saMtazAlA - kSetra hamezA se sAdhu santoM ke dharma dhyAna karane ke AvAsa sthAna rahe haiM / isa kSetra para bhI AcArya vidyAsAgarajI Adi mahArAja jaise mahAsanta saMgha ke sAtha bhaviSya meM yahAM virAjamAna hoMge evaM anya AcArya sAdhugaNa vandanArtha, sAdhanArtha virAjamAna raheMge / unakI sAdhanAnukUla santa vasatikA banAne kA nirNaya liyA gayA hai / / 9. gauzAlA - vartamAna meM mAnava svArtha pUrNa hotA calA jA rahA hai / isI kAraNa se gAya, baila, bhaiMsa Adi jaba isake upayogI nahIM hote athavA dUdha denA banda kara dete haiM taba vyakti unakI sevA suzrusA nahIM karake unako kasAI athavA bUcar3akhAne meM bheja detA hai / aise AvArA pazuoM ko isa kSetra meM rakha kara unake jIvana ko akAla hatyA se/ maraNa se bacAyA jaavegaa| yaha kSetra samavazaraNa hai aura samavazaraNa meM eka sabhA tiryaJcoM kI hotI haiM / ataH yaha gauzAlA hai isa kSetra rUpI samavazaraNa meM eka sabhA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hogI isa digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra gauzAlA kA zilAnyAsa zrI bhairUsiMha zekhAvata, mukhya maMtrI rAjasthAna sarakAra dvArA kiyA gayA hai / 10. jJAnazAlA (vidyAlaya) - mAnavIya dRSTikoNa se vicArane para jIvana ! kA eka Avazyaka aMga AjIvikA bhI hai / isa AjIvikA ko kAryAnvita rUpa dene ke liye manuSya ko laukika va zAbdika jJAna kI bhI AvazyakatA

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hai / isa dRSTikoNa se isa kSetra para vidyAlaya ko sthApita karane kA bhI yojanA hai / sAtha hI eka vizAla granthAlaya bhI sthApita kiyA jaayegaa| 11. bhAgyazAlA (auSadhAlaya/cikitsAlaya) - jIva kA AdhAra zarIra hai aura zarIra bAharI vAtAvaraNoM se prabhAvita hokara jIva ko apane anukUla kriyA karane meM bAdhA utpanna karatA hai / taba zarIra meM AI huI vikratiyoM ko dUra karane ke liye auSadhi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / ataH isa auSadhAyala/cikitsAlaya se asahAya garIboM ke liye niHzulka cikitsA karAne ke vikalpa se sthApanA kI jAvegI / 12. dharmazAlA - kSetra kI vizAlatA ko dekhate huye aisA lagatA hai ki bhaviSya meM yaha eka laghu sammeda zikhara kA rUpa grahaNa kara legA / jisa prakAra digambara jaina siddha kSetra zrI sammeda zikharajI, mahAvIra jI atizaya kSetra Adi meM nirantara yAtrI Akara darzana pUjana Adi kA lAbha lete haiM usI prakAra isa kSetra meM bhI tIrtha yAtrI bahu saMkhyA meM Akara darzana pUjana kA lAbha leveMge / ataH unakI suvidhA ke liye 300 kamaroM kI dharmazAlA Adhunika suvidhAoM sahita banAne kA nirNaya liyA gayA hai / 13. udAsIna Azrama - apanI gRhasthI se virakta hokara loga isa kSetra para Akara apane jIvana ko dharma sAdhanA meM lagA sakeM / ataH udAsIna Azrama ke nirmANa karane kA nirNaya liyA gayA hai / 14. bAuNDrI dIvAla - sampUrNa kSetra ko surakSita karane ke lie 6 phuTa UMcI bAuNDrI dIvAla kI sarvaprathama AvazyakatA thI / pUjya muni zrI ke pravacanoM se prabhAvita hokara ajamera jile kI digambara jaina mahilAoM ne isa bAuNDrI ko banAne kA ArzIvAda prApta kiyA / 15. pahADI ke lie sIr3hI nirmANa - ubar3a-khAbar3a utaGga pahAr3I para jAne ke lie sIDhiyoM kI AvazyakatA thI / ajamera jile ke samasta digambara jaina yuvA varga ne isa sIr3hiyoM ko banAne kA pUjya muni zrI se ArzIvAda prApta kiyA / 16. anuSThAna vidhAna - kSetra zuddhi hetu 28.6.95 se 30.6.95 taka samavazaraNa mahAmaMDala vidhAna kA Ayojana pUjya muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha sAnidhya meM kiyA gayA / tadnantara muni zrI ke hI sasaMgha sAnidhya meM 1.12.95 se 10.12.95 taka sarvatobhadra mahAmaMDala vidhAna arddha-sahasra ja

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Wan Wan indra indrANiyoM kI sambhAgitA meM mahat prabhAvanA ke sAtha sampanna huA / isI vidhAna ke antargata mUlanAyaka, trikAla caubIsI, naMdIzvara jinAlaya evaM mAnastambha kA zilAnyAsa kiyA gayA / isa mahotsava meM mAnanIya bhairosiMha zekhAvata mukhya maMtrI rAjasthAna sarakAra, zrI lalita kizora caturvedI zikSA evaM sArvajanika nirmANa rAjya maMtrI, zrI gaMgArAma caudharI rAjasva rAjya maMtrI, zrI kizana sonagarA khAdI evaM grAmodyoga rAjya maMtrI, zrI sAvaMramala jATa rAjya maMtrI, zrI mahAvIra prasAda jaina sacetaka rAjasthAna vidhAna sabhA, zrI oMkArasihaM lakhAvata adhyakSa nagara sudhAra nyAsa ajamera, sAMsada zrI rAsAsiMha rAvata sAMsada ajamera, zrI kizana moTavAnI vidhAyaka ajamera, zrI kailAza meghavAla gRha evaM khAna maMtrI rAjasthAna sarakAra, zrI pukharAja pahAr3iyA jilA pramukha ajamera, zrI devendra bhUSaNa guptA jilAdhIza ajamera, zrI vIrakumAra adhyakSa nagara pariSada, zrI aditi mehatA saMbhAgIya Ayukta ajamera, kAMgresa (i) adhyakSa ajamera mANaka canda sogAnI | Adi prazAsanika adhikAriyoM ne isa dasa divasIya maMDala vidhAna meM apanA mahatIya yogadAna diyA hai / 17. sarakArI sahayoga isa kSetra sthApanA ke pUrva 26.10.94 ko digambara jaina samiti (rajisTarDa) ajamera kA gaThana kara rAja saMsthA rajisTrIkaraNa adhiniyama 1958 ke arntagata dinAMka 211.94 ko paMjIkRta karAyA gyaa| nagara sudhAra nyAsa ke adhyakSa oMkArasiMha lakhAvata evaM kAMgresa adhyakSa ajamera mANakacanda sogAnI ke vizeSa sahayoga se isa nArelI parvatIya sthala kA cayana kiyA gayA / taduparAnta mahArAja zrI ne isa sthala kA nirikSaNa kara isa sthala ko pavitra kiyA / samAja ke karmaTha kAryakarttAoM, sthAnIya prazAsana evaM rAjasva rAjamaMtrI rAjasthAna ke vizeSa sahayoga se riyAyatI dara para yaha pahAr3I maidAna - digambara jaina samAja ko digambara jaina tIrtha kSetra sthApanA hetu sthAI rUpa se avaMTita kiyA gyaa| taduparAnta ArciTekTa zrI ummedamala jaina evaM nirmala kumAra jaina ne kSetra ke yojanAoM sahita nakkSe taiyAra kiye / 10.12.95 ko mAnanIya bhairosiMha zekhAvata mukhya maMtrI rAjasthAna sarakAra evaM mAnanIya lalita kizora jI caturvedI zikSA evaM sArvajanika nirmANa maMtrI jI ne mena ror3a se pahAr3I ke Upara taka DAmara roDa banAne kI ghoSaNA kI / sAMsada zrI rAsAsiMha rAvata ne 3 TyUbavaila sarakArI stara para lagAne kI ghoSaNA kI / rAjasva rAjyamaMtrI zrI gaMgArAma Wan Wan -

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- . - caudharI jI ne kSetra kI yojanAoM ko dekhate hue lagabhaga 200 bIghA jamIna aura sarakAra se dilAne kI ghoSaNA kI jilAdhIza dvArA prazAsanika samasta kAryoM ko karane kI ghoSaNA kI / gauzAlA meM jilA pramukha dharma niSTha zrI pukharAja pahAr3iyA evaM prazAsana kA vizeSa sahayoga dene kI ghoSaNA kI gaI hai / gRha evaM khAna maMtrI jI zrI kailAza meghavAla ne pulisa caukI kI ghoSaNA kI / isa prakAra rAja netAoM dvArA isa navodita tIrtha kSetra ke vikAsa meM huI ghoSaNAeM kriyAnvita hone kI pratikSA kara rahI hai, mAnanIya mukhyamaMtrI zrI bhairusiMhajI zekhAvata ne gauzAlA ko vizeSa suvidhAyukta banAne ke lie Ayukta zrImati aditi mehatA ko vizeSa nirdeSa diye / 18. vizeSa sahayoga - pahADI AvaMTita hone ke bAda sabase bar3I samasyA thI ki pahAr3I ko samatala kaise kiyA jAye / lekina yaha kArya dharma niSTha Ara.ke.mArbalsa li. kizanagar3ha vAloM ne apanI mazIna dvArA pahAr3I taka kA kaccA mArga evaM pahADI kA samatalI karaNa lagabhaga Der3ha mAha ke andara karake kSetra evaM sacce deva zAstra guru ke prati saccI zraddhA vyakta kara asambhava kArya ko sambhava kara dikhAyA hai / pASANa-TaMkotakIrNa vAstu kalA - pASANa TaMkota-kIrNa vAstukalA vizeSa rUpa se prAyaH lupta sI ho cukI thI-lekina tIrtha kSetra jIrNoddhAraka evaM vAstukalA ke marmajJa digambara jaina muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja kI dUra dRSTi ne usa khoI huI kalA ko khoja nikAlA, tathA usa jIrNazIrNa vAstukalA kA jIrNoddhAra kara isa saMskRti ko cira sthAI banAne ke lie upadeza diyA / munirAja ne apane upadezoM meM sad preraNA dI ki Ara.sI.sI. (R.C.C.) ke maMdira banAne se saMekRti dIrghakAla taka surakSita nahIM raha sakegI kyoMki Ara.sI.sI. kI umra mAtra 100 varSoM kI hai / maMdiroM kA nirmANa sahasroM varSoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara karanA cAhie / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaina pratiSThA pAThoM meM lohe ke prayoga ko prazasta nahIM kahA hai / guru kA yaha upadeza samAja ke hRdayoM ko chU gayA tathA patthara-cUnA ke maMdira banAne vAle zilpiyoM ko khojA gyaa| "jina khojA tina pAIyA gahare pAnI peTha-vAlI kahAvata caritArtha huI pariNAma svarupa zilpi upalabdha ho gaye samAja evaM samiti ne muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke caraNoM meM zrI phala car3hAkara saMkalpa kiyA ki isa jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra para (pahAr3I para) jitane bhI maMdira baneMge vaha sabhI khajurAho, delavAr3A, devagar3ha, raNakapura ke samAna kalApUrNa patthara ke hI baneMge / unameM lohe kA / prayoga nahIM kiyA jAvegA arthAta vaha Ara.sI.sI. ke nahIM baneMge /

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phra jinAlayoM kA takSaNa kArya prArambha kara diyA gayA hai / pASANa TaMkota kIrNa vAstu kalA ko punarojjIvita karane vAlA bhArata varSa kA yaha anupama digambara tIrtha kSetra anokhA kIrtImAna sthApita karegA / svarNa avasara - Aiye hama sabake mahAn sAtizaya puNya ke udaya se jJAnodaya tIrtha meM aneka mAMgalika zubha yojanAoM ko kriyAnvita kiyA jA rahA hai| kitanA acchA avasara hai ki uparokta yojanAoM ko ApakI jar3a sampadA dvArA sthApita karane kA / jar3a sampadA puNya ke udaya se AtI hai lekina jAne ke do dvAra hote haiM / eka pApa kAryoM ke dvArA aura dUsarI puNya kAryoM ke dvArA / bharata cakravartI ne bhI apane dhana kA sadupayoga karake kailAza parvata para 72 svarNamayI jinAlaya banavAye the arthAta cakrI ne bhI apanA dhana vyaya kiyA thA / aura eka rAvaNa thA jisane apane dhana kA durpayoga apane pApopabhoga karake mahaloM ko, laMkA ko svarNamaya banAkara naSTa kiyA thaa| donoM ke pariNAma Apa hama saba jAnate hai / eka cakravartI ne apane dhana kA sadupayoga jinAlaya banAne meM kiyA so vaha jinAlaya ke samAna pUjya jinendra deva ke pada ko prApta huA aura rAvaNa ne bhoga sAmagrI meM kiyA to use naraka kA vAsa milA / AIye hama saba izvAku vaMzI bharata cakravartI ke vaMzaja haiN| hameM bhI paramparAnusAra apane dhana kA upabhoga jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra meM banane vAle jinAlayoM meM karanA hai aura izvAku vaMza ke kula dIpaka banane kA gaurava prApta karanA hai / isa tIrtha kI samasta dhArmika yojanAyeM ati zIghra karane kA saMkalpa samAja ne liyA hai / ataH zIghra vicAriye, sociye evaM apane dAna kI ghoSaNA karake cakravartI ke vaMza ke banane kA gaurava prApta kriye| Apa saba ke sahayoga se hI yaha tIrtha bhArata meM digambara jaina saMskRti kI dhvajA ko phaharA sakegA aura ajamera jilA bhAratIya digambara jaina saMskRti meM apanA eka aitihAsika adhyAya jor3a sakegA / 5 bhAratavarSa kA prathama bahuuddezIya navodita yaha jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra aneka yojanAyeM apane garbha meM saMjoya hue haiN| unhIM yojanAoM meM se pU. muni zrI sudhAsAgara jI ke ArzIvAda preraNA evaM sAnidhye meM " zrI digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra granthAlaya " nAma se eka pustakAlaya zubhArambha kiyA gayA prasUta isa puSpa ke antargata jinavANI ke pracAra prasAra hetu granthoM ko prakAzana karAne ke kArya kA bhI zubhArambha kiyA jA rahA hai / .se isa kSetra - 5 zrutadevatAya namaH ! prastuti : digambara jaina samiti (raji.) ajamera (rAja.) kailAzacanda pATanI, ajamera kAryAlaya : zrI digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra nArelI - ajamera (rAja.) phona naM. 33663, vIra nirvANa saM. 2522 IsavI san 1996 Zhu

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Zhu saMsthApita : 1 sitambara 1996 phona naM. 384663 zrI digambara jaina zramaNa saMskRti saMsthAna jaina naziyAM, naziyAM roDa sAMgAnera ( paMjIyana saM. 320 dinAMka 25-8-96 ) Wan prAcIna samaya se hI jayapura jaina saMskRti kA pramukha kendra rahA hai aura samaya para jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM amUlya yahAM ke vidvAnoM ne samaya yogadAna diyA hai / - 5 isa krama meM digambara jaina AcArya saMskRti mahAvidyAlaya sau varSa se adhika samaya se prayAsa rata hai / parantu chAtrAvAsa ke abhAva meM vidyAlaya meM jo zramaNa saMskRti ke upAsaka vidvAna taiyAra hone cAhie the ve nahIM ho pA rahe haiM jisake phalasvarupa vibhinna dhArmika samAroha evaM parvo para vidvAnoM kI mAMga Ane para bhI pUrti karane meM asamarthatA rahatI thI jisase jaina saMskRti ke siddhAnto evaM jJAna kA vAMchita pracAra prasAra nahIM ho pA rahA hai isI abhAva kI pUrti hetu pUjya 108 AcArya saMta ziromaNI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke pratibhAzAlI ziSya pravara munivara 108 zrI sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja kI preraNA aura AzIrvAda se zrI digambara jaina zramaNa saMskRti saMsthAna kI sthApana 1 sitambara, 1996 ko apAra jana samUha ke bIca kI gaI / isa saMsthAna ke mAdhyama se eka chAtrAvAsa - jisameM 200 chAtra rahakara jaina darzana kA adhyayana kareMge aura vidvAna banakara samAja meM jaina tatvajJAna aura zramaNa saMskRti kA pracAra prasAra kareMge | isa saMsthAna ke mukhya uddezya nimna prakAra haiM I 1. digambara jaina dharma anAdi kAla se pracalita hai jisakI zramaNa paramparA bhI anAdi kAla se zAzvata rupa se calI A rahI hai aura vartamAna meM bhI vidyamAna hai / usI pavitra zramaNa paramparA ( 28 mUlaguNoM ko nirdoSa pAlana karane vAlI ) ko saMrakSita karanA tathA zrAvakoM ko unake kartavya evaM saMskAroM se alaMkRta karAnA una saMskAroM kA sikhAne ke liye chAtroM ko zramaNa saMskRti rakSaka / upAsaka vidvAnoM ke rupa meM taiyAra karanA isa saMsthAna kA mukhya uddezya hai / Wan

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2. jo adhyAtmavAda ke nAma para vartamAna sAdhuoM ko AhAradAna, vaiyyAvRtti, vinayAdi na karake unakA sammAna nahIM karate haiM jo yaha kahate haiM ki vartamAna meM AcArya kundakunda kI mUla-AmnAyAnusAra muni hote hI nahIM hai una logoM ke dvArA pracArita sanmArga kA khaNDana kara athavA roka kara sanmArga kA pracAra - prasAra karanA / 3. vartamAna meM kucha sAdhuoM meM vyApta zithilAcAra ko rokane tathA samApta karane kA prayAsa karanA / 4. jo saMsthAeM vidvAn Agamaviruddha vizeSArtha likhakara zAstroM ke bhAva ko badalane kI koziza kara rahe hai, cAro anuyogoM meM se dravyAnuroga ko vizeSa mAnakara anuyogoM ko aprayojanIya batalAte haiM, unakI upekSA karate haiM, prakAzana evaM svAdhyAya meM pramukhatA nahIM dete, unake duSpracAra ko rokakara cAroM anuyogo ke zAstroM kA mUla rupa meM prakAzana, pracAra-prasAra evaM svAdhyAya kI preraNA denA / 5. mUla Agama paramparA anusAra vidvAnoM ko prazikSita karanA, unako sthAna sthAna para bhejakara digambara jaina dharma kA pracAra - prasAra karanA, zivirAdi lagAkara logo ko dharma va saMskAroM ko sikhAnA / aprakAzita yA Avazyaka granthoM kA anuvAda yA prakAzana karanA, pUjA pratiSThA vidhAnAdi karanA yA karAnA, sthAna-sthAna para dharmaprasAra ke lie zramaNa saMskRti pAThazAlAeM kholnaa| 6. samAja ko sapta vyasanoM se mukta karAkara zrAvakoM ko unake cAra/paTa Avazyako ko karane kI preraNA denA, sikhAnA, samAja meM vyApta rAtri bhojana, mRtyu bhoja evaM daheja Adi kurItiyoM kA nivAraNa karanA / 7. saMsthAna meM prazikSaNa ke lie praviSTa chAtroM ke AvAsa, bhojana, paThana| pAThana kI niHzulka yA ucita zulka para vyavasthA karanA va karAnA / 8. AvazyakatAnusAra vibhinna sthAnoM para apane nirdezana meM pAThazAlA, chAtrAvAsa, / vidyAlaya Adi kholanA evaM sucAru rupa se saMcAlita karanA / 19. vibhinna avasaroM para vibhinna viSayoM para vidvAnoM kI goSThI sammelana vAcanAdi | kA Ayojana karanA / .

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| 10. vibhinna sthAnoM kI prAcIna granthoM kA saMgraha karanA aura deza videza meM zramaNa saMskRti kI rakSA kI ucita vyavasthA karanA tathA zodhakArya karAne kI samucita vyavasthA karanA / 11. videzo meM digambara jaina dharma ke mUla Amnaya kA pracAra hetu prakAzita granthoM ko bhejanA tathA chAtroM aura vidvAnoM ko bhejane, zikSaNa prazikSaNa kI vyavasthA karanA / 12. digambara jaina mUla - ArSa AmnAya meM pratipAdita dharma ke virodha meM ajJAna, dveSa yA IrSyAdivaza likhe gaye lekhoM, pustakoM, vyAkhyAnoM, zodha - prabaMdho Adi kA yena - kena prakAreNa nirAkaraNa karanA evaM sanmArga kA vikAsa karanA / 13. dhArmika paThana pAThana ke lie nizcita pAThya pustakoM kA prakAzana karAnA, unake zikSaNa - prazikSaNa kI vyavasthA karanA, unake parIkSA ke lie __ parIkSA borDa kI sthApanA evaM vyavasthA karanA / 14. jayapura nagara evaM samasta bhArata meM aise saMgaThanoM kI racanA karanA, unhe ucita saMrakSaNa, protsAhana, evaM Arthika sahAyata denA, unake pracAra-prasAra kArya kA saMvarddhana karanA, jinakA uddezya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ko saMrakSita karanA evaM mAnava kalyANa karanA hai / 1 - gaNezakumAra rANA adhyakSa vinIta : mahAvIraprasAda pahAr3iyA / maMtrI . .

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Zhu mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja kI sAhitya - sAdhanA phra lekhaka : muni 108 zrI sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja jaina sAhitya meM cauhadavIM zatAbdI ke bAda saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI vicchinna zrRMkhalA ko jor3ane vAle rAjasthAna prAnta, sIkara jilA, rANolI grAma meM pitA caturbhuja va mAtA ghRtavarI kI kokha se prasUta gaura - varNIya mahAkavi bhUrAmala zAstrI hue haiN| bacapana meM hI jJAna arjana kI lalaka hone ke kAraNa saMskRta vidyA va jaina darzana meM praveza karane ke lie syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya banArasa meM zAstrI taka adhyayana kiyA / adhyayana ke uparAnta sRjana sAhitya kA lakSya banAyA tathA Atma utthAna hetu bAla brahmacArI rahane kA saMkalpa kiyA / brahmacArI banakara saMskRta sAhitya ke lekhana karane meM itane nimagna ho gaye ki cAra-cAra mahAkAvyoM sahita saMskRta evaM hindI bhASA meM tIsa grantha likhe / 'NANasya phalam upekkhA' kuMda-kuMda ke isa sUtra ko jIvana meM sAkAra karane ke lie avirata dazA se Age kadama bar3hAte hue dezavrata rUpa kSullaka dazA ko dhAraNa kiyA / taduparAMta caritra kA caramottama pada mahAvrata - rUpa digambarI dIkSA dhAraNa kI tathA AcArya vIra sAgara, AcArya ziva sAgara mahArAja ke saMgha ko paThana-pAThana karAte hue upAdhyAya pada se subhozita hue| isake bAda AcArya pada ko grahaNa karake kaI bhavya prANiyoM ko mokSa mArga kA upadeza pradAna kara anekoM mumukSuoM ko muni dIkSA se upakRta kiyA / inhIM ziSyoM meM prathama ziSya aisI suyogyatA ko prApta hue ki Aja sAre vizva ke sAdhuoM meM zreSThatA ko prApta ko gae, jinheM duniyA~ "saMta ziromaNi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI" ke nAma se jAnatI hai / jIvana ke anta meM apanA AcArya pada inhIM " vidyAsAgara " ke dekara lagabhaga 180 dina kI "yama saMllekhanA " dhAraNa kI / anta meM cAra dina taka caturvida AhAra ke tyAga ke sAtha 1 jUna, 1973 jyeSTha kRSNA amAvasyA ko 10 bajakara 20 minaTa para nasIrAbAda meM pArthiva zarIra ko chor3akara saMsAra kA anta karane vAlI samAdhi ko prApta hue arthAt samAdhistha ho gaye / Zhu

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inake dvArA racita 29 granthoM kI saMkSipta samIkSA yahA~ prastuta hai : 1. jayodaya mahAkAvyam yaha mahAkAvya rasa alaMkAra evaM chanda kI triveNI se pavitratA ko prApta hai| | sAhitya, darzana evaM AdhyAtmika zailI meM deza kI jvalaMta samasyAoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai / isa yuga ke Adi tIrthakara RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra prathama cakravartI senApati jayakumAra ke cAritrika jIvana kI sarasa kathA ke Azraya pUrvaka isa kAvya kI racanA huI hai / isa kAvya meM zrRMgAra-rasa aura zAntarasa kI samAnAntara pravahamAna dhArA pAThakoM ko apUrva rasa se sikta kara detI hai / jayakumAra aura sulocanA kI praNaya kathA kA prastuta varNana naiSadhIya caritra evaM kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM ko smaraNa dilA detA hai / isa kAvya kA prakRti citraNa mAgha ke kAvyoM kI tulanA karane ke lie prerita karatA hai / isa mahAkAvya rUpI sAgara kI talahaTI sAhitya hai to darzana usake kinAre aura rasa-alaMkAra Adi kI chaTA apAra jala rAzi ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotI hai evaM ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, aparigraha evaM brahmacarya Adi AcaraNaparaka aneka sUtra rUpI ratnoM kA bhaNDAra isa jayodaya mahAkAvya rUpa sindhu meM bharA par3A hai / / sAhitya jagata meM 20vIM zatAbdI kA sarvotkRSTa mahAkAvya to hai hI sAtha hI jaina darzana meM 14vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kA prathama mahAkAvya bhI hai| isa mahAkAvya meM 3047 zloka 28 sargoM meM hai| saMskRta aura hindI TIkA sahita do bhAgoM meM (pUrvArddha evaM uttarArddha) isakA prakAzana kiyA gayA hai / yaha mahAkAvya mahAkavi AcArya jJAna sAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, jaba ApakA nAma brahmacArI paTita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / / 2. vIrodaya mahAkAvyam / yaha mahAkAvya jayodaya mahAkAvya ke samAna hI rasma-alaMkAra evaM zabdoM se paripUrNa hai / ise jayodaya mahAkAvya kA anuja kaha sakate haiM / digambara jaina darzana ke antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana caritra kA sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA gayA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana caritra ko, deza ko Adhunika samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue Adhunika zailI meM kArpanna kiyA hai| / ____994 zloka vAlA yaha mahAkAvya 22 sargoM meM vibhAjita hai / cha: sargoM para svopajJa saMskRta evaM evaM samasta sargoM para svopajJa hindI TIkA sahita prakAzita hai|

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yaha mahAkAvya bhI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA / usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 3. sudarzanodaya mahAkAvyam _ yaha mahAkAvya jaina darzanAnusAra caubIsa kAmadevoM meM se antima kAmadeva seTha sudarzana ke jIvana caritra ko prastuta karatA hai / isa mahAkAvya meM eka gRhastha ke sadAcAra, zIla evaM eka patnIvrata kI alaukika mahimA ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai, ko vyabhicAriNI striyA~ evaM vezyAe~ aneka prakAra kI kAmukatA se paripUrNa apanI ceSTAoM se bhI svadAra saMtoSavratI sudarzana ko zIla vrata se cyuta nahIM kara pAtI hai| _ kAvya nAyaka jayakumAra ke zIla vrata kI mahimA ke kAraNa zUlI bhI siMhAsana meM badala jAtI hai / yaha mahAkAvya rUr3hika paramparAoM se haTakara dArzanika sAhitya vidhA se ota-prota hokara bhakti saMgIta kI alaukika chaTA prastuta karatA hai / eka Arya zrAvaka kI dainika caryA ko sucAru DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / rAga kI Aga meM baiThe hue kAvyAnAyaka ko vItarAgatA ke Ananda kA anubhava karAyA hai / kAvyanAyaka ke jIvana ke aMtima caraNa ko zramaNa saMskRti ke siddhAntoM se vibhuSita kiyA hai / yU~ kahanA cAhiye ki yaha kAvya jahA~ sAhitya kI chaTA ko bikhera kara sAhityakAroM ke lie aura dArzanikatA ke kAraNa dArzanikoM ke lie apanI buddhi ko parizrama karane kI preraNA detA hai, vahIM para gRhastha evaM sAdhu kI AcAra saMhitA para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai / isa kAvya ko 481 zlokoM ko lekara 9 sargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / svopajJa hindI TIkA sahita prakAzita hai / ___ yaha mahAkAvya bhI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, jisa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 4. bhadrodaya mahAkAvyam (samudradatta caritra) isa kAvya meM asteya ko mukhya lakSya karake eka bhadramitra nAmaka vyakti ke Adarza caritra ko kAvya kI bhASA zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / vahIM para | satyaghoSa jaise mithyA DhoMgI ke kAle kAranAmoM kI kalaI kholI gaI hai / yaha kAvya 'satyameva jayate' kI udghoSaNA karatA hai / isa laghu-mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM ke sAthasAtha purANa kAvya evaM caritra kAvya ke lakSaNoM kA samanvaya ho jAne ke kAraNa triveNI saMgama ke samAna pavitratA ko prApta hotA hai / yaha kAvya 344 zlokoM ko lekara 9 sargoM meM vibhAjita hai|

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yaha mahAkAvya bhI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, jisa | samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 5. dayodaya campU campU kAvyoM kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna kAla se gaMgA-jamunA ke saMgama ke samAna mAnI jAtI hai / kyoMki campU kAvya meM gadya evaM padya donoM kA hI sammizraNa hotA hai / ina campU kAvyoM kI zailI pAThakoM ke lie rucikara evaM sahaja artha | bodha karAne meM kAraNa banatI hai / yaha dayodaya campU kAvya bhI bahuta hI sarala hai| isa campU kAvya meM viSaya vastu ko gAgara meM sAgara ke samAna bharA gayA hai / isa kAvya meM kavi ne eka mRgasena dhIvara ke choTe se ahiMsAvrata ko lekara ahiMsA vrata kI mahimA kA bakhAna kiyA hai / kAvya kI viSaya vastu se jJAta hotA hai ki dharma yA AcaraNa kisI jAti vizeSa kI bapaudI nahIM hai / eka dhIvara jaisI tuccha jAti ke mRgasena dhIvara bhI ahiMsA vrata ke phala ko pA gayA / kAvya meM dhIvara ko bhI vedoM kA jJAna hotA hai, yaha bAta bhI darzAyI gayI hai / kAvya meM kahA hai. ki punarjanma, upakArya, upakArI-bhAva bhava bhavAntaroM taka apanA prabhAva dikhAte hai| dhIvara kA niyama thA ki maiM apane jAla meM AyI huI prathama machalI ko nahIM maaruuNgaa| pariNAmasvarupa vahI eka machalI pAMca bAra usake jAla meM phaMsI aura pA~co bAra usane chor3a diyaa| isa para upakAra ke kAraNa agale bhava meM pA~ca bAra usa machalI ke jIva ne usa dhIvara ke prANa bacAye / isa kAvya kA bhAva-pakSa mahanIya hai / isa kAvya meM sAta lamba haiM tathA svopajJa hindI TIkA sahita prakAzita hai / yaha mapU kAvya bhI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, | jisa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 6. samyakatva-sAra-zatakam jaina darzanAnusAra samyag darzana mokSa mArga kI prathama sIr3hI hai / ataH samyag | darzana kI mahimA jaina AgamAnukUla isa kAvya meM kI gaI hai / kavi ke dvArA racita AdhyAtmika kAvyoM meM yaha ucca zreNI kA kAvya hai / samyagdarzana ke binA ghoraghora caritra bhI mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / kavi ne isa bAta ko vizeSa rUpa meM darzAyA hai / yaha kAvya 104 zlokoM meM svopajJa hindI TIkA sahita prakAzita hai / yaha mahAkAvya bhI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, jisa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thaa|

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: ___7. muni manoraJjanAzItiH isa kAvya meM upadezAtmaka zailI prayukta kI gaI hai / digambara mAnyatAnusAra | zramaNoM kI pavitra caryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| tathA vartamAna kAla kI bhI paristhitiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue AgamAnukUla zramaNa caryA ko surakSita rakhA gayA hai / yaha kAvya sAdhu santoM ke lie pratidina pATha karane yogya hai / AryikAoM kI caryA kA varNana bhI isameM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai / sAdhu ke pravRttiparaka mArga ko pradarzita karate hue nivRtti para bar3hane hetu isa kAvya meM vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai / isa kAvya meM 80 padya hai / | yaha kAvya AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja dvArA dIkSA ke pUrva likhA gayA thA / usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 8. bhakti saMgraha lagabhava 2000 varSa pUrva AcArya kunda-kunda svAmI dvArA 10 bhaktiyA~ prAkRta bhASA meM lipibaddha kI gaI thIM / usake bAda pUjyapAda svAmI dvArA saMskRta bhASA | meM 10 bhaktiyA~ likhI gaIM / isake bAda kisI bhI AcArya dvArA 10 bhaktiyoM ko likhane kA ullekha mujhe dekhane meM nahIM AyA / 20vIM zatAbdI ke mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne saMskRta padyoM meM bhaktiyoM kI racanA karake prAcIna paramparA ko punarjIvita kiyA hai / 6 zlokoM meM siddha bhakti, 5 zlokoM meM zruta-bhakti, 6 zlokoM meM caritra-bhakti, 6 zlokoM meM AcArya-bhakti, 5 zlokoM meM yogi bhakti, 5 zlokoM meM paramaguru-bhakti, 5 zlokoM meM caturviMzati tIrthakara bhakti, 5 zlokoM meM zAMti-bhakti, .... . zlokoM meM samAdhi bhakti, 6 zlokoM meM caitya bhakti, 22 zlokoM meM pratikramaNa bhakti, 4 zlokoM meM kAyotsarga bhakti, ye bhaktiyA~ pUrva bhaktiyoM kI apekSA sarala evaM kama zloka se hI pUrNa bhAvabhivyakti vyakta karatI hai / jaina darzana meM sAdhuoM kI dainika Avazyaka kriyAoM meM yaha bhaktiyA~ avazya hI prayoga karanI par3atI hai / lekhaka ne nandIzvara evaM nirmANa bhakti kI racanA nahIM kI haiM / pratikramaNa evaM kAyotsarga bhakti kI racanA eka navIna prastutIkaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha grantha bhI AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ke dvArA racita hai (zramaNa avasthA meM ) /

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Zhu 9. hita-sampAdakam 1 yaha kAvya mithyA rUr3hiyoM kA khaNDana karatA hai| kriyA-kANDiyoM kI avicArita gatAnugatikatAoM ke viruddha isa kAvya meM krAntikArI ghoSaNA kI gayI hai / jAtIyatA ke ahaMkAra ke mada meM DUbane vAle ahaMkAriyoM ke lie ahaMkAra kA khaNDana karane vAlA hai / vyakti janma se nahIM, karma se mahAn banatA hai / vyakti ko pApI se pApa se ghRNA karanI cAhie / ina sUtroM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara isa kAvya kI racanA huI hai / Aja ke Adhunika tarkazIla vyaktiyoM ke lie yaha kAvya bahuta hI pasanda AyegA / cAroM puruSArtho kA saTIka varNana isa kAvya meM hai / sAmAjika evaM pArivArika rIti-rivAjoM ko bhI isa kAvya meM samAviSTha kiyA gayA hai / isa kAvya kI mukhya vizeSatA hai ki apanI tarkaNAoM kI puSTi kavi ne pUrvAcAryoM dvArA Agama meM kathita saTIka udAharaNa dekara kI hai / jAti ke mada meM DUbane vAle logoM ne Agama meM kathita jina bAtoM ko gauNa kara diyA thA, kavi ne una bAtoM ko nirbhIka hokara prastuta kara diyA hai| yaha laghu kAvya krAntikArI hai evaM mithyAkurItiyoM kA nirAkaraNa aura samyak rIti-rivAjoM kI sthApanA karane vAlA hai / isa kAvya meM 159 zloka haiM / nahIM, 5 yaha grantha bhI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI ke dvArA dIkSA ke pUrva likhA gayA thA, jisa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / hindI - sAhitya Wan 10. bhAgya parIkSA jaina darzana meM kathita dhanya kumAra ke prasiddha kathAnaka ke AdhAra para isa kAvya ko racA gayA hai / isa kAvya kA kAvyanAyaka dhanya kumAra hai, jinakA jIvanaAtmIyajanoM kI pratikUlatA meM pallavita hotA hai / phira bhI apane puNya ke kAraNa apane pratidvandiyoM ke liye yaha sabaka sikhAtA hai ki jinake bhAgya meM puNya kI sattA hai, usakA koI kucha bhI nahIM bigAr3a sakatA hai / kartavya parAyaNatA evaM paropakAra jIvana kA dharma hai / satyavAditA evaM sahiSNutA jIvana kA prANa hai| tyAga hI jIvana kA vyasana hai evaM karmaThatA mAnavIya guNa hai / isa samasta bAtoM ke lie mahAkavi ne isa kAvya meM varNana karake asahiSNu mAnava ke lie zikSA dI hai / isa kAvya meM 838 pada 1 haiM 1 isa kAvya ko AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA / brahmacArI avasthA meM ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / phra

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11. RSabha carita jaina darzana ke anusAra isa yuga meM Adya tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke jIvanavRtta ke AdhAra para yaha kAvya likhA hai / bhagavAna AdinAtha ke atIta evaM vartamAna bhavoM kA varNana isa kAvya meM samAviSTa hai / jinasenAcArya dvArA racita mahApurANa ke sArabhUta viSayoM ko padya rUpa meM isa kAvya meM 814 pada hai / yaha kAvya bhI | mahAkavi jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, usa samaya ApakA nAma | brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 12. guNa sundara vRttAnta isa kAvya meM zikSAprada aneka laghu kathAe~ kAvya rUpa meM samAviSTa kI gaI | haiM, jaise pradyumna kumAra kA jIvana caritra, yazodhara kI romAMTika kathA, satana kumAra cakravartI ke rUpa meM ahaMkAra kA duSpariNAma tathA dvArikA ke bhasma hone kA hRdayavidAraka varNana isa kAvya meM kiyA hai / kathAoM ke prastutIkaraNa ke madhya vartamAna kI jvalanta samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie zikSAprada padya bhI prastuta kiye gaye haiM / isa kAvya ko 595 padoM meM likhA gayA hai / yaha kAvya bhI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 13. pavitra mAnava jIvana . isa kAvya meM gRhastha ko AjIvikA kisa prakAra karanA cAhie isakA varNana kiyA gayA hai jaise kRSi karanA, pazupAlana, pArivArika vyavasthA, samAja-sudhAra strI kA pArivArika dAyitva Adi pramukha pArivArika evaM sAmAjika samasyAoM kA nidAna isa kAvya meM kiyA gayA hai / yadi gRhastha isa kAvya ke anusAra apane ko vyavasthita kara le to kIcar3a meM bhI kamala khila sakatA hai / gRhasthI rUpI kIcar3a meM bhI vyakti kAvya kathita siddhAntoM ko apanAkara apane jIvana ko svarNamaya banA sakatA hai / isa kAvya meM 193 pada haiM / yaha kAvya AcArya jJAna sAgara jI mahArAja ne kSullaka avasthA meM likhA thA / usa samaya ApakA nAma kSu. jJAna bhUSaNa jI mahArAja thaa| 14. karttavya patha pradarzana isa grantha meM sampradAya nirapekSa jIvana ko zikSA dene vAlI tarkayukta kathAyeM | dI gaI hai / zikSAprada viSaya vastu ko prastuta karane ke lie lekhaka ne choTI choTI

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Wan Wan kahAniyoM kA Alambana liyA hai / prArambhika naitika jIvana banAne ke lie yaha pustaka paThanIya hai| pravacana kartAoM ko yaha pustaka pravacana karane kI kalA sikhAtI hai / isa grantha ko 82 zIrSakoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| eka-eka zIrSaka vartamAna kI jvalanta samasyAoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kI sthApanA karatA hai / isa pustaka kA aMgrejI, kannar3a, marAThI bhASA meM bhI anuvAda kiyA jA rahA hai / yaha pustaka AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne muni avasthA meM likhI hai I 15. sacitta vivecana jihvA indriya kI cATukAritA ke vazIbhUta hokara, sacitta vanaspati khAne vAloM ko yaha pustaka sAvadhAna karatI hai ki thor3e se rasanA indriya ke svAda ke kAraNa vanaspati evaM jala Adi kA sacitta bhakSaNa nahIM karanA cAhie arthAta acitta karake hI grahaNa karanA cAhiye / isa pustaka meM vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai kyoMki Aja vijJAna kaha rahA hai ki jala evaM vanaspati Adi ko ubAla kara kAma meM lenA cAhiye / binA garma kI huI vastuoM ko khAne se vaikTIriyA athavA vAyarasa jaisI bImAriyA~ ho sakatI haiM / arthAt yaha pustaka jahA~ dayA dharma kI rakSA kA upadeza detI hai to dUsarI tarapha apane svAsthya lAbha kA bhI saMketa karatI hai / yaha pustaka lagabhaga 54 pRSThIya gadya rUpa meM prakAzita hai / yaha pustaka mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne kSullaka avasthA meM likhI thI, usa samaya ApakA nAma kSullaka jJAna bhUSaNa thA / 16. saMcitta vicAra Wan isa pustaka meM sacitta vivecana kA hI viSaya hai / lekhaka ne sacitta vivecana kI prastAvanA meM isakA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai ki maiMne sabase pahale sacitta nAmaka nibandha likhA thaa| logoM ne isa nibandha ko vistAra se likhane ko khaa| ataH sacitta vicAra kI viSaya vastu ko vistAra karake sacitta vivecana likhA arthAt sacitta vivecana ke pUrva sacitta vicAra nAmaka pustaka likhI gaI hai| sacitta vicAra bAIsa pRSThIya pustikA ke rUpa meM prakAzita hai| yaha pustaka AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhI thI, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / Zhu

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OR ___17. svAmI kunda-kunda aura sanAtana jaina dharma - jaina darzana ke prasiddha AcArya kunda-kunda svAmI ke jIvana vRtta ko lekara isa pustaka meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai / AcArya kunda-kunda svAmI ke jIvana sambandhita aitihAsika gavAkSa evaM unake mUla siddhAntoM ke bhAvoM ko yukti-yukta DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti, vastra evaM strI mukti kA niSedha bhI isa pustaka meM kiyA gayA hai / AcArya kunda-kunda ke kAla kA avadhAraNa karane vAle zilAlekhoM kA bhI ullekha isameM kiyA gayA hai / AcArya kunda-kunda svAmI ko zilAlekhoM ke pramANoM ke sAtha SaTakhaNDAgamakAra, puSyadaMta, bhUtabhali se pUrva isa pustaka meM siddha karake vidvAnoM kI buddhi ko zrama karane ke lie prerita kiyA hai| digambara dharma meM samaya-samaya para Aye saMgha bhedoM ke varNana bhI isa pustaka meM haiN| assI pRSThIya yaha pustaka itihAsa ke lie ati mahattvapUrNa hai / yaha pustaka mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhI thI, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 18. sarala jaina vivAha vidhi vivAha eka sAmAjika rIti rivAja hai, lekina logoM ne ise dhArmika rItirivAja mAna liyA hai, arthAta vaivAhika kriyAoM kA sambandha dharma se jor3ane lage haiM / aneka mithyA ADambaroM kA niSedha karate hue gRhIta mithyAtva se bacAne vAlI yaha pustaka jaina darzanAnusAra vivAha vidhi ko sampanna kara eka Adarza gRhastha jIvana meM praveza karane ke lie mAMgalika viSaya prastuta karatI hai / vivAha ke samaya jo mithyA kudevoM ko pUjate haiM evaM unako AhvAna karate haiM tathA bali Adi mithyA kriyAyeM karate haiM unakA isa pustaka meM niSedha kiyA gayA hai evaM sacce deva, zAstra guru kI sAkSIpUrvaka dAmpatya jIvana svIkAra karane ke lie preraNA dI hai gRhastha jIvana meM praveza karane vAle vara-vadhU ke lie isa pustaka ke anusAra vivAha vidhi svIkAra karanA cAhie / pacapana pRSThIya gadya-padya hindI, saMskRta, maMtroccAra Adi se samanvita yaha pustaka hai / yaha pustaka bhI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA | ke pUrva likhI thI, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / ___ 19. itihAsa ke panne samasta aitihAsika avadhAraNAoM ko palaTane yaha aitihAsika laghu nibandha | itihAsa meM nayA adhyAya jor3atA hai / zilAlekhoM kI pramANatA saMhitA isa lekha

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meM jaina darzana ke prasiddha AcAryoM kA aitihAsika dRSTikoNa samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai / isa nibandha ko laghu pustikA kA rUpa dekara prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / yaha pustaka bhI mahAkavi jJAna sAgara jI mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhI thii| 20. RSi kaisA hotA hai yaha 40 zloka pramANa aprakAzita kAvya hai / vaise isameM sAdhucaryA kA varNana hai / mujhe lagatA hai ki lekhaka ne pahale RSi kaise hotA hai isa para lekhanI calAne kA bhAva kiyA hogA, phira bAda meM vahI vicAra munimanoraJjanAzIti ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gae hoMge / isalie ise gauNa karake munimanoraJjanAzIti ke rUpa meM likha diyA ho, ataH isa kAvya ke samasta zloka munimanoraJjanAzIti kAvya meM saMyavakta rUpa se prakAzita kara diye gaye haiN| TIkA-grantha 21. pravacanasAra AcArya kunda-kunda svAmI dvArA adhyAtma triveNI meM yaha dUsare nambara kA grantha mAnA jAtA hai / yaha grantha samyaga darzana, samyag jJAna evaM samyag-caritra rUpa tIna adhikAroM meM vibhakta haiM / zramaNoM ke lie to yaha mUla prANa hai / isa grantha para AcArya amRtacandra svAmI, AcArya jayasena svAmI kI saMskRta TIkAyeM upalabdha haiM / isa grantha para kaI vidvAnoM kI hindI TIkAyeM bhI haiM, lekina vaha TIkA niSpakSa nahIM kahI jA sakatI haiM / AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne kucha mukhya-mukhya gAthAoM ko lekara AcArya kunda-kunda svAmI ke vAstavika hRdaya ko ujAgara karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / adhyAtma premI bandhuoM ke lie yaha grantha vizeSa rUpa se paThanIya hai / yaha grantha saMskRta chAyA evaM hindI TIkA sahita sajilda upalabdha hai / yaha TIkA grantha mahAkavi jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhI thI, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 22. samayasAra AcArya kunda-kunda svAmI digambara paramparA ke AdhyAtmika rasika mukhya AcArya mAne jAte haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gaNadhara gautama ke bAda kunda-kunda svAmI kA nAma maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM liyA jAtA hai / Apake dvArA batAyI gayI AmnAya jinendra deva dvArA kathita AmnAya mAnI jAtI hai / isIliye digambara AmnAya meM ma

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| vartamAna meM koI bhI kArya kiyA jAtA hai to kunda-kunda AmnAya dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai| kunda-kunda svAmI ne itihAsakAroM ke anusAra caurAsI pAhur3a likhe haiM, lekina sampUrNa pAhur3a vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hote haiM / jitane bhI pAhur3a upalabdha hote haiM, unameM se tIna grantha (pAhur3a) mukhya mAne jAte haiM / ina tIna meM se bhI samayasAra grantha, grantharAja mAnA jAtA hai / isa grantha para AcArya amRtacandra-sUri ne AtmakhyAti nAma kI daNDAnvaya TIkA likhI hai evaM jayasena svAmI ne tAtparya vRtti nAma kI khaNDAnvaya TIkA likhI hai / ina TIkAoM ko lekara kunda-kunda svAmI kI gAthAoM para aneka vidvAnoM ne hindI kI TIkA bhI likhI hai lekina vidvAn AcArya kundakunda svAmI ke hRdaya ko prakaTa nahIM kara sake / TIkAoM meM vizeSArthoM ke mAdhyama se apanI bhAvanAoM ko hindI TIkAkAroM ne samaviSTa kiyA hai / ina hindI TIkAkAroM ne AcArya amRtacandra suMri evaM jayasena svAmI kI bhAvanAoM kI bhI upekSA kI hai| AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja eka krAntikArI niSpakSa lekhaka the| eka dArzanika vyakti svabhAvAnusAra mUla AcAryoM kI bhAvanAoM kI upekSA kaise bardAzta kara sakatA hai / pariNAmasvarupa jayasena svAmI, jo ki vastataH Agama evam kunda-kunda svAmI | kI bhAvanAoM ko pUrNataH pradarzita karate haiM / yadi AcArya jayasena na hote to kundakunda svAmI kA samayasAra hai, yaha bhI jJAta nahIM hote arthAt AcArya kunda-kunda ke nAma ko ujAgara karane vAle jayasena svAmI dvArA likhita tAtparya vRtti nAma kI TIkA ko AdhAra banAkara samayasAra kI hindI TIkA AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne likhI hai / isa TIkA meM bhI vizeSArtha die gae haiM jo ki tArkika Agamika evam kunda-kunda svAmI ke hRdaya ko prakaTa karane vAle haiN| | svAdhyAya bandhuoM ko jinheM saMskRtta nahIM AtI hai, unheM yaha hindI TIkA kA svAdhyAya karake apanI mithyA dhAraNAoM kA vimocana kara vAstavika tattva nirNaya kara lenA cAhie / vidvAnoM ko niSpakSa rUpa se evam pUrvAgrahoM kA tyAga karake isa TIkA kA AloDana karanA cAhie / yaha lagabhaga tIna sau nabbe pRSThoM meM sajilda prakAzita hai / isa grantha meM cAra sau untAlisa gAthAyeM hai / jina para jayasena svAmI dvArA rajita saMskRta TIkA haiM / mUla gAthAoM kA padyAnuvAda AcArya vidyAsAgara jI evam gadya kI hindI TIkA AcArya jJAnasAgara jI dvArA likhita hai / isa grantha ke kaI prakAzana pUrva meM bhI bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM se prakAzita kiye jA cuke haiM / yaha

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Wan TIkA grantha mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne muni avasthA meM likhA thaa| 23. tattvArtha sUtra jaina darzana meM saMskRta sUtra rUpa yaha grantha prathama mAnA jAtA hai / sAre bhAratavarSa meM dazalakSaNa parva meM isakA vAcana hotA hai / svAdhyAya premiyoM para isa grantha ne bahuta bar3A upakAra kiyA hai / tattvArtha sUtra meM kathita viSaya vastu ko anya jainAgama, SaTkhar3Agam zloka vArtika, rAjavArtika, gommaTasAra Adi aneka granthoM ko apanI TIkA meM uddhRta kiyA hai / inakI hindI TIkA par3hane se aneka granthoM kI viSaya sAmagrI sahaja hI upalabdha hI jAtI hai| yaha TIkA grantha mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne kSullaka avasthA meM likhI thii| usa samaya ApakA nAma kSu. jJAna bhUSaNa thA / 24. mAnava dharma jaina darzana ke prasiddha udbhaTa tArkika AcArya samantabhadra dvArA racita ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ke zlokoM para mAnava dharma nAma se hindI TIkA likhI gaI hai / AcArya samantabhadra svAmI ke zlokoM kA artha to prakaTa kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI usa artha ke sAtha vartamAna kI sAmAjika samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa hetu choTe-choTe udAharaNa . dekara samantabhadra AcArya ke hRdaya ko ujAgara kiyA hai / isa pustaka ko par3hate samaya aisA lagatA hai jaise lekhaka samantabhadra svAmI ke zlokoM kA pravacana kara rahA ho arthAt pravacana zailI meM yaha pustaka likhI gaI hai / yaha pustaka pratyeka mAnava ke lie paThanIya hai| isake kaI saMskaraNa vibhinna sthAnoM se nikala cuke haiM / isakA kannar3a, marAThI evaM aMgrejI anuvAda bhI kiyA jA rahA hai / ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ke 150 zlokoM para hindI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM prakAzita hai| yaha TIkA grantha mahAkavi jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 25. vivekodaya Wan 0 AcArya kundakunda svAmI racita prasiddha samayasAra kI gAthAoM para hindI gadya-padyAtmaka vyAkhyA lekhaka dvArA isa grantha meM kI gaI hai| saMkSipta rUpa meM samayasAra ke hRdaya ko samajhAne vAlA yaha vivekodaya nAma kA grantha lagabhaga eka sau sATha Wan

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: pRSThoM meM prakAzita hai / yaha grantha mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne kSullaka avasthA meM likhA thA, usa samaya ApakA nAma kSu. jJAna bhUSaNa thA / 26. devAgama stotra AcArya samantabhadra dvArA racita yaha devAgamastotra meM jise itihAsavettAoM dvArA gandhahastI mahAkAvya kA maMgalAcaraNa kahA jAtA hai, samantabhadra svAmI ne bhagavAna kI bhI parIkSA karake unake guNoM kI mahimA kA guNAnuvAda kiyA hai / isa devAgam stotra kA brahmacArI paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI ne padyAnuvAda kiyA thA / durbhAgya se yaha nA to abhI taka kahIM prakAzita huA hai aura nA hI isakI mUla pANDulipi abhI taka upalabdha ho pAI hai, anya sAkSyoM se padyAnuvAdoM kI sUcanA milatI hai / 27. niyamasAra AcArya kunda-kunda dvArA racita samayasAra pravacana-sAra, paMcAstikAya granthoM kI kaThina gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne vAlA kunda-kunda svAmI dvArA hI racita yaha niyamasAra grantha hai / isakA padyAnuvAda bhI brahmacArI paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI (AcArya jJAnasAgara jI) dvArA padyAnuvAda kiyA gayA / yaha bhI durbhAgya se abhI taka aprApta hai / 28. aSTa pAhur3a AcArya kunda-kunda dvArA racita samyak sanmArga kI udghoSaNA karane vAlA yaha grantha hai / isa grantha para bhI brahmacArI paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI (AcArya jJAnasAgara jI) dvArA padyAnuvAda kiyA gayA / yaha bhI durbhAgya se abhI taka aprApta hai / ___ 29. zAntinAtha pUjana vidhAna pUrva AcAryoM dvArA racita vidhAna kA paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI (AcArya jJAnasAgara jI) ne sampAdana kiyA hai / jaina darzanAnusAra pratyeka acche kArya evam vighna nivAraNa hetu zAnti vidhAna karane kI paramparA hai mahAkavi dvArA sampAdita isa vidhAna meM aneka mithyA kudevoM kI ArAdhanA kA koI sthAna nahIM diyA hai / pratiSyacArya evaM zAMti vidhAna karane vAloM ke lie isa pustaka se zAnti vidhAna karanA caahie| yaha pustaka zAstrAkAra rUpa meM prakAzita hai / uparokta 29 grantha AcArya jJAnasAgara jI kI sAhitya sAdhanA hai / isa sAhitya sAdhanA ko dekhakara tathA samakAlIna logoM se jo janazruti sunane meM AtI haiM ki mahAkavi ne ina 29 granthoM ke alAvA aura bhI graMtha likhe haiM, jo yatra tatra mandiroM

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. ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM pANDulipi ke rUpa meM par3e raha sakate haiM, kyoMki aisA sunane meM AtA hai ki mahAkavi jisa prAnta meM jisa nagara meM grantha likhate the usa grantha ko pUrNa karake usI nagara ke jaina mandira ke bhaNDAra meM athavA vahA~ ke pratiSThita vyakti ko de dete the / jahA~-jahA~ inakA vihAra huA hai, vahA~-vahA~ khoja kI jA rahI hai / sambhava hai, ina granthoM ke alAvA koI naye grantha itihAsa jagata ko prApta ho jAyeM / ina granthoM ke Upara abhI taka kaI loga pI. eca. DI. kara cuke haiM, jaise : (1) DaoN. harinArAyaNa dIkSita ke nirdezana meM DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana, prAdhyApaka, saMskRta vibhAga, kumAyU~ vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla (uttara pradeza) se "mahAkavi jJAna sAgara ke kAvyoM kA eka adhyayana" nAma se pI. eca. DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI hai / jinakA prakAzana isTarna buka liMkarsa, 5825 candrAvala ror3a, javAhara gaMja, dillI-7 se prakAzita huA hai / (2) DaoN. kailAzapati pANDeya, gorakhapura vizvavidyAlaya se "jayodaya mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' zIrSaka se DaoN. dazaratha ke nirdezana meM pI. eca. DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI hai / prakAzana AcArya jJAna sAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, sarasvatI bhavana, seThajI kI nasiyA~, byAvara (rAja.) se kiyA gayA hai / (3) DaoN. ratanacanda jI jaina, bhopAla ke nirdezana meM DaoN. ArAdhanA jaina, barakatullahA vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla se "jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailI vaijJAnika anuzIlana", isakA prakAzana muni saMgha vaiyyAvRtti samiti, sTezana ror3a, gaMjabAsaudA (vidizA, madhyapradeza) se huA hai| (4) DaoN. zivA zravaNa ne DaoN. sara hari siMha gaur3a vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara se zrImati - kusuma bhuriyA ke nirdezana meM campU kAvya para zodha grantha likhA hai, jisameM dayodaya .... campU para vizada prakAza DAlA hai| (5) vartamAna meM zrImatI alakA jaina, DaoN. ratanacanda jI ke nirdezana meM AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ke zAntarasa paraka tattvajJAna ke viSaya para pI. eca. DI. kara rahI haiM / / (6) dayAnanda ojhA "jayodaya mahAkAvya kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana" viSaya grahaNa kA DaoN.sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. je. esa. ela.tripAThI, banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI ke nirdezana meM pI. eca. DI. kara rahe haiM /

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[ (7) DaoN. narendra siMha rAjapUta ne "saMskRta vAGmaya ke vikAsa meM bIsavIM sadI ke jaina manISiyoM ke yogadana" para pI. eca. DI. kI hai, jisameM jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta sAhitya ko vivecita kiyA gayA hai / prakAzana AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, sarasvatI bhavana, seThajI kI nasiyA~ byAvara (rAja.) se kiyA gayA ___ isa prakAra aura bhI aneka zodha prabandha kiye jA sakate haiM, aisA vidvAnoM | kA mata hai / mahAkavi ke eka-eka saMskRta kAvya ko lekara vigata eka sAla | se akhila bhAratavarSIya vidvat saMgoSThI kI jA rahI haiM, jinameM saikar3oM vidvAna eka hI kAvya para bhinna bhinna viSayoM para vAcara kara jJAnasAgara ke sAhitya sAgara se ratnoM ko nikAla rahe haiM / . | prathama goSThI atizaya kSetra sAMgAnera, jayapura meM 9 jUna se 11 jUna, 1994 | meM huii| .. | dvitIya saMgoSThI ajamera nagara meM vIrodaya mahAkAvya para 13 se 15 akTUbara, 1994 meM huii| tRtIya saMgoSThI byAvara (rAjasthAna) meM 22 se 24 janavarI, 1995 meM huI / / . | caturtha saMgoSThI, 1995 cAturmAsa meM kizanagar3ha meM huI, jisase lagabhaga 80 | jaina-ajaina antarASTrIya vidvAnoM ne bhAga liyA / yaha goSThI jayodaya mahAkAvya para thI, sabhI vidvAnoM ne ekamata se isa mahAkAvya ko isa yuga kA sarvocca mahAkAvya mAnakara sAhitya jagata ke ucca siMhAsana para virAjamAna kiyA hai / sabhI vidvAnoM ne ise bRhat-trayI (naiSadhIya caritra, zizupAla vadha evaM kirAtArjunIyam) ke samakakSa mAnakara bRhatrayI ke nAma ko bRhaccatuSTayI ke rUpa meM sajJita karake sAhitya jagata ko gaurAnvita kiyA hai / maine apane kAnoM se vidvAnoM ke lekha ina saMgoSThiyoM meM sune haiM / bahuta hI prazaMsanIya evaM zramasAdhya lekha vidvAnoM ne likhe haiM / goSThiyoM ke daurAna vidvAnoM kA mata thA ki jJAna sAgara kA samagra sAhitya eka sthAna se prakAzita honA cAhie / so vaha 1994 ke cAturmAsa meM ajamera ke digambara jaina samAja ke dvArA prakAzita kiye jA cuke hai / dUsarA nirNaya liyA gayA thA ki jJAnasAgara ke sAhitya para pAThyakrama taiyAra kiyA jAye, yaha kArya vidvAnoM ko sauMpa diyA gayA hai / tIsarA nirNaya liyA gayA thA ki AcArya jJAnasAgara saMskRta zabda koSa taiyAra kiyA jAye, so yaha kArya bhI vidvAnoM ko sauMpa diyA gayA hai / cauthA nirNaya liyA

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DP gayA thA ki AcArya jJAnasAgara ke. sAhitya para pRthaka-pRthaka vidvAnoM se pRthakapRthaka viSayoM para lagabhaga tIna-tIna sau peja ke mahA-nibandha likhAye jAyeM, jisase zodha prabandha karane vAloM ko suvidhA par3a sake / yaha kArya lagabhaga 50 vidvAnoM ko sauMpA gayA thA, jisameM se 40 vidvAnoM ne mahA-nibandha likhane kI svIkRti pradAna kara dI hai| pA~cavA nirNaya liyA gayA hai ki ina samasta kAryoM ko karAne hetu eka nizcita sthAna para kisI yogya vidvAna ke nirdezana meM eka saMsthA kI sthApanA honI caahie| byAvara saMgoSThI ke samaya para byAvara meM DaoN. ramezacanda bijanaura evaM DaoN. aruNa kumAra zAstrI ke saMyojakatva meM AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra kI sthApanA kI gaI / saMsthA kA mukhya kArya AcArya jJAnasAgara se sambandhita nibaMdha evaM zodha granthoM kA prakAzana karanA hai / sAtha hI AcArya jJAna sAgara mahArAja ke sAhitya para zodha karane vAle chAtroM ko nirdezakoM kI svIkRti para pA~ca sau rupaye pratimAha zodha chAtravRtti pradAna karanA / isa prakAra aura bhI aneka nirNaya goSThiyoM meM lie gae haiM, jo pRthakpRthak smArikAoM meM prakAzita kiye jA cuke haiM / sampUrNa goSThiyoM meM vAMce gaye sabhI lekha prakAzita kiye jA cuke haiM, zodhArthI kendra se samparka kara prApta kara sakate haiN| bIsavIM sadI ke isa mahAn sAhitya sAdhaka kI sAhitya sAdhanA kA hameM rasAsvAdana karanA hai, yahI isa sAdhaka ke prati saccI va anUThI zraddhAMjali hogii| sAhitya jagat ke isa upakArI sAhitya sAdhaka kA sAhitya premI buddhi meM uccAsana pradAna kareM, yahI kRtajJatA hogii| ___"kRtamupakAram na vismaranti sAdhavA" arthAta vartamAna vidvAn mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara dvArA sAhitya jagat para | kiye gaye upakAra ko na bhUleM, yahI merI bhAvanA hai / // iti zubham //

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prakAzakIya ciraMtana kAla se bhArata mAnava samAja ke liye mUlyavAna vicAroM kI khAna banA huA hai| isa bhUmi se prakaTa AtmavidyA evaM tatva jJAna meM sampUrNa vizva kA nava udAtta dRSTi pradAna kara use patanomukhI hone se bacAyA hai / isa deza se eka ke bAda eka prANavAna pravAha prakaTa hote rahe / isa praNAvAna bahUlamUnya pravAhoM kI gati kI aviralatA meM jainAcAryoM kA mahAna yogadAna rahA hai / unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA vizva kI Adima sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke jAnane ke upakrama meM prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya kI vyApaka khojabIna evaM gahana adhyanAdi kArya sampAdika kiye gaye / bIsavIM zatAbdI ke Arambha taka prAcyavAGmaya kI zodha, khoja va adhyayana anuzIlanAdi meM aneka jainaajaina vidvAna bhI agraNI hue / phalata: isa zatAbdI ke madhya taka jainAcArya viracita aneka aMdhakArAcchAdika mUlyavAna grantharatna prakAza meM Aye / ina gahanIya granthoM meM mAnava jIvana kI yugIna samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA apUrva sAmarthya hai / vidvAnoM ke zodhaanusaMdhAna-anuzIlana kAryoM ko prakAza meM lAne hetu aneka sAhityika saMsthAe udita bhI huI, saMskRta, hindI, aMgrejI, gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM meM sAhitya sAgara avagAhanarata aneka vidvavAnoM dvArA navasAhitya bhI sRjita huA hai, kintu jainAcArya-viracita vipula sAhitya ke sakala granthoM ke prakAzanArtha/anuzIlanArtha ukta prayAsa paryApta nahIM haiM / sakala jaina vAGmaya ke adhikAMza grantha aba bhI aprakAzita haiM, jo prakAzita bhI ho to sodhArthiyoM ko bahuparizramoparAnta bhI prApta nahIM ho pAte haiM / aura bhI aneka bAdhAyeM/samasyAe~ jaina granthoM ke zodha-anusandhAna-prakAzana ke mArga meM hai, ataH samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke sAtha-sAtha vividha saMsthAoM-upakramoM ke mAdhyama se samekita prayAsoM kI AvazyakatA eka lambe samaya se vidvAnoM dvArA mahasUsa kI jA rahI thii| __rAjasthAna prAnta ke mahAkavi bra. bhUlAmala zAstrI (A. jJAnasAgara mahArAja) kI janmasthalI evaM karma sthalI rahI hai / mahAkavi ne cAra-cAra mahAkAvyoM ke praNayana ke sAtha hindI saMskRta meM jaina darzana siddhAnta evaM adhyAtma ke lagabhaga 24 granthoM kI racanA karake avaruddha jaina sAhitya-bhAgIrathI ke pravAha ko pravartita kiyA / yaha eka vicitra saMyoga kahA jAnA cAhiye ki rasasiddha kavi kI kAvyarasa dhArA kA pravAha rAjasthAna kI marudharA se huA / isI rAjasthAna ke bhAgya se zramaNa paramparonnAyaka santaziromaNi |AcArya vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke suziSya jinavANI ke yarthAtha udghoSaka, aneka aitihAsika upakramoM ke samartha sUtradhAra, adhyAtmayogI yuvAmanISI pU. munipuMgava sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja kA yahAM padArpaNa huaa| rAjasthAna kI dharA para rAjasthAna ke amara sAhityakAra ke samagrakRtitva para eka akhila bhAratIya vidvata/saMgoSThI sAgAnera meM dinAMka 9 jUna se 11 jUna, 1994 tathA ajamera nagara meM mahAkavi kI mahanIya kRti "vIrodaya" mahAkAvya para akhila bhAratIya vidvat saMgoSThI dinAMka 13 se 15 akTUbara 1994 taka Ayojita huI va isI suavasara para di. jaina samAja, ajamera ne AcArya jJAnasAgara ke sampUrNa 24 grantha munitrI ke 1994 ke cArtumAsa ke daurAna prakAzita karAlokArpaNa kara abhUtapUrva

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Wan etihAsika kAma karake zruta kI mahat prabhAvanA kI / pU. muni zrI sAndhyi meM Ayojita ina saMgoSThiyoM meM mahAkavi ke kRtitva para anuzIlanAtmaka - AlocanAtmaka, zodhapatroM ke vAcana sahita vidvAnoM dvArA jaina sAhitya ke zodha kSetra meM Agata aneka samasyAoM para cintA vyakta kI gaI tathA zodha chAtroM ko chAtravRtti pradAna karane, zodhArthiyoM ko zodha viSaya sAmagrI upalabdha karAne, jJAnasAgara vAGmaya sahita sakala jaina vidyA para prakhyAta adhikArI vidvAnoM dvArA nibandha lekhana-prakAzanAdi ke vidvAnoM dvArA prastAva aaye| isake ananta mAsa 22 se 24 janavarI taka 1995 meM byAvara (rAja.) meM munizrI ke saMgha sAnidhya meM Ayojita " AcArya jJAnasAgara rASTrIya saMgoSThI" meM pUrva prastAvoM ke kriyAnvana kI joradAra mAMga kI gaI tathA rAjasthAna ke amara sAhityakAra, siddhasArasvata mahAkavi bra. bhUrAmala jI kI sTecyU sthApanA para bhI bala diyA gayA, vidvat goSThiI meM ukta kAryoM ke saMyojanArtha DaoN. ramezacanda jaina bijanaura aura mujhe saMyojaka cunA gyaa| munizrI ke AzISa se byAvara nagara ke aneka udAra dAtAroM ne ukta kAryoM hetu mukta hRdaya se sahayoga pradAna karane ke bhAva vyakta kiye| pU. munizrI ke maMgala AziSa se dinAMka 18.3.95 ko trailokya mahAmaNDala vidhAna ke zubhaprasaMga para seTha campAlAla rAmasvarUpa kI nasiyA~ meM jayodaya mahAkAvya (2 khaNDoM meM) ke prakAzana saujanya pradAtA Ara. ke. mArbalsa kizanagar3ha ke ratanalAla kaMvarIlAla pATanI zrI azoka kumAra jI evaM jilA pramukha zrImAn pukharAja pahAr3iyA, pIsAMgana ke karakamaloM dvArA isa saMsthA kA zrIgaNeza AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra ke nAma se kiyA gayA / AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra ke mAdhyama se jainAcArya praNIta granthoM ke sAtha jaina saMskRti ke pratipAdaka granthoM kA prakAzana kiyA jAvegA evaM AcArya jJAnasAgara vAGmaya kA vyApaka mUlyAMkana- samIkSA- anuzIlanAdi kArya karAye jAyeMge / kendra dvArA | jaina vidyA para zodha karane vAle zodhArthI chAtra hetu 10 chAtravRttiyoM kI bhI vyavasthA kI jA rahI hai / kendra kA artha prabandha samAja ke udAra dAtAroM ke sahayoga se kiyA jA rahA hai / kendra kA kAryAlaya seTha campAlAla rAmasvarUpa kI nasiyA~ meM prArambha kiyA jA cukA hai / samprati 10 vidvAnoM kI vividha viSayoM para zodha nibandha likhane hetu prastAva bheje gaye, prasannatA kA viSaya hai 25 vidvAna apanI svIkRti pradAna kara cuke haiM tathA | kendra ne sthApanA ke prathama mAsa meM hI nimna pustakeM prakAzita kI itihAsa ke panne - AcArya jJAnasAgara jI dvArA racita hita sampAdaka AcArya jJAnasAgara jI dvArA racita tIrtha pravartaka - munizrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke pravacanoM kA saMkalana byAvara smArikA prathama puSpa dvitIya puSpa tRtIya puSpa caturtha puSpa paMcama puSpa +5 - * - pha * - laghutrayI manthana aJjanA pavanaMjayanATakam - DaoN. ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura -

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SaSTama puSpa - jainadarzana meM ratnatraya kA svarUpa - DaoN. narendrakumAra dvArA likhita saptama puSpa - bauddha darzana para zAstrIya samikSA - DaoN. ramezacandra jaina, bijanaura aSTama puSpa - jaina rAjanaitika cintana dhArA - DaoN. zrImati vijayalakSmI jaina navama puSpa - Adi brahmA RSabhadeva - baisTira campatarAya jaina dazama puSpa - mAnava dharma - paM. bhUrAmalajI zAstrI (AcArya jJAnasAgarajI) ekAdazaM puSpa - nItivAkyAmRta - zrImatsomadevasUri-viracita dvAdazam puSpa - jayodaya mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. kailAzapati pANDeya trayodazam puSpa - anekAnta evaM syAdvAda vimarza - DaoN. ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura / cartudazam puSpa - Humanity A Religion - mAnava dharma kA aMgrejI anuvAda paJcadazaM puSpa - jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana - yaha pustaka mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara dvArA racita prasiddha mahAkAvya jayodaya para zodha graMtha ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isameM jayodaya mahAkAvya kI zailI kA bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se prastutIkaraNa karake jayodaya mahAkAvya ke hRdaya ko udghATita kara sAhitya jagata ke lie eka mahatvapUrNa zodha viSaya upasthita kiyA gayA hai / DaoN. ArAdhanA jaina kA parizrama evaM buddhi kauzala prazaMsanIya hai tathA isa zodha ke nirdezaka DaoN. ratanacanda jI bhopAla, bhI anuzaMsA ke pAtra haiM jinhoneM apane nirdezana meM vilakSaNa pratibhA sampanna chAtrA ko jayodaya mahAkAvya ke gUr3ha sahasyoM ko nirdezita karake isa zodha kRti ko sAhitya jagata ke liye samarpita karAyA hai| ___isakA prathama prakAzana muni saMgha sevA samiti, gaMja vAsIdA (vidizA) madhyapradeza dvArA prakAzita kiyA gayA thA / vartamAna meM isakI pratiyA anupalabdha hone ke kAraNa hamArA kendra isako punaH prakAzita karake sAhitya pipAsuoM ke kara kamaloM meM samarpita karane kA vicAra kara prakAzita kara rahA hai / pAThaka ise par3hakara jJAnasAgara mahArAja ko sAhitya ke rahasyoM ko hastagata kara sakeMge, aisI merI bhAvanA haiM / paM. arUNakumAra zAstrI byAvara (rAja.) bRhada-catuSTayI) jayodaya mahAkAvya rASTriya vidvatsaMgoSThI (dinAMka 29.9.95 se 3.10.95) madanagaMjakizanagar3ha meM deza ke vividha bhAgoM se samAgata hama saba sAhityAdhyetA mahAkAvya ke anuzIlana niSkarSoM para sAmUhita kAvyazAstrIya vicAroparAnta vANIbhUSaNa mahAkavi | bhUrAmala zAstrI dvArA praNIta jayodaya mahAkAvya ko saMskRta sAhityetihAsa meM bRhatrayI saMjJita zizupAlavadha, kirAtArjunIya evaM naiSadhIyacarita mahAkAvya ke samakakSa pAte haiN| ataH hama saba bRhattrayI saMjJita tInoM mahAkAvyoM ke sAtha jayodaya mahAkAvya ko sammilita kara bRhaccatuSTayI ke abhidhAna se saMjita karate haiM /

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. . . hama vidvajagat se yaha anurodha karate haiM ki ukta cAroM mahAkAvyoM ko bRhaccatuSTayI saMjJA se abhihita kareMge / H5 526 *anmaduragment sdai nyAno 2F"/ C-5 jApAcahalArUpa 5. inmmm.in) 'melI, RAS pAla in r - - -.-.. ...... ..mArAdhanA jaina si. adha. etrin vermoonsto mazana kA -mana nm4/ngaan y . no . : o karUdha -( pramada nakA) in-rn SERS arurtee Momran 3000.00 1. DaoN. premasumana jaina, udayapura 11. zrImatI mAlatI jaina,nyAvara 2. DaoN. phayyAja alI khA~, kizanagar3ha 2. DaoN. nalina ke zAstrI, bodhagayA 3. DaoN. ajitakumAra jaina, AgarA | 3. DaoN. kastUracanda sumana, zrImahAvIrajI 4. paM. jJAnacanda bilTIvAlA, : 4. DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina, laaluuN| "'". | jayapura 5. DaoN. nandalAla jaina, rIvA 6. DaoN. kapUracanda jaina, khataulI 5. DaoN. phUlacanda jaina, vArANasI 2 / 7. DaoN. udayacanda jaina, udayapura 8. DaoN. kamaleza jaina, vArANasI 6. DaoN. surezacanda jaina, vArANasI 19. pa. vijayakumAra zAstrI, zrImahAvIrajI 10. DaoN.supArzvakumAra jaina, 7. DaoN. dayAnanda sAhityAcArya, sAgara | bar3Ata 11. DaoN. zrIkAnta pANDeya, bar3auta 12. DaoN. jayantakumAra lADanaM 8. paM. amatalAla zAstrI. damoha |13. DaoN. nemicanda jaina, khuraI 14. DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina, gvAliyara 9. zrImatI camelI devI, bhopAla 1.DaoN.jayakumAra jaina, muphpharanagara 2.DaoN.gautama paTela, amahadAbAda 10. DaoN. (ku.) ArAdhanA jaina, bAsaudA 3. DaoN. ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura 4. DaoN. zItalacanda zAstrI, jayapura 11. DaoN. (ku.) suSamA, mujaphparanagara | 5. DaoN. zrIraMjana sarideva, paTanA 6. DaoN. vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA, 12. DaoN. mutrIdevI jaina, vArANasI vArANasI 7. paM. zivacaraNalAla mainapurI 8. DaoN. ratanacandajaina, 13. DaoN. manoramA jaina, vArANasI bhopAla 9. zrI devendrakumAra jaina, gvAliyara 10. DaoN. kastUracanda 14. DaoN. jyoti jaina, khataulI 15. DaoN. urmilA jaina, bar3auta kAsalIvAla, jayapura 11.paM. aruNakumAra jaina, byAvara | 12. DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina, vArANasI 13. paM. mUlacanda luhAr3iyA, 16. DaoN. sudhA jaina, lADanUM 17. DaoN. narendrakumAra jaina, sanAvada kizanagar3ha 14. DaoN. sudarzanalAla jaina, vArANasI 18. DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina; burahAnapura 15. DaoN. vijaya kulazreSTha, udayapura 19. DaoN. oma prakAza jaina, kizanagar3ha 16. DaoN. prakAzacanda jaina, dillI 20. DaoN. saroja jaina, bInA 17. DA. premacanda rAMvakA, bIkAnera 21. DaoN. premacanda jaina nAjIbAbAda 18. pro. vimalakumAra jaina, jayapura | 2. pro. kamalakumAra jaina, bInA 19. pro. vimalakumAra jaina, jayapura | 22. pro. abhayakumAra jaina, bInA 20. prAcArya nihAlacanda jaina, bInA 24. DaoN. sanatakumAra jaina, jayapura | 21. zrImatI krAnti jaina, lAina

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DP DA jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana -: lekhikA :DaoN. (ku.) ArAdhanA jaina "svatantra"

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VI prAkkathana DaoN. (ku.) ArAdhanA jaina dvArA munizrI jJAnasAgara viracita "jayodaya mahAkAvya ke anuzIlana" kA paricaya vidvatsamAja ko prastuta karate huye mujhe asIma Ananda kA anubhava ho rahA hai / muni zrI jI vAstava meM jJAna-sAgara haiM / unhoMne sAhitya ko aneka dizAoM se samRddha kiyA hai| saMskRta meM bhI likhA hai aura hindI meM bhI / gadya meM bhI likhA hai aura padya meM bhI, evaJca campU ke rUpa meM gadya aura padya donoM ke sammizraNa meM bhI / maulika bhI likhA hai aura anuvAda bhI / isa taraha unhoMne eka vizAla vAGmaya kI sRSTi kI hai / aise mahAmanISI ke samasta kRtitva para zodha apekSita hai, para jaba taka vaha nahIM ho pAtA, taba taka eka-eka karake unakI kRtiyoM -vizeSakara maulika kRtiyoM ke saundarya aura mahattva ko ujAgara kara vidvatsamAja kA dhyAna unakI ora AkRSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai / isI taraha kA hI eka kArya kiyA hai DaoN. (ku.) ArAdhanA jaina ne | unhoMne unakI jayodaya nAma kI kRti para zodha kiyA hai, jisa para unheM barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla (ma.pra.) ne pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi pradAna kI hai.| unake zodhaprabandha meM jayodaya kA sarvAGgINa vivecana hai / sarvaprathama unhoMne usakI kathA kA sAra prastuta kiyA hai / tatpazcAt jina-jina srotoM se vaha lI gaI hai, usakA ullekha kara mUlakathA meM parivartana ke aucitya ko siddha kiyA hai / tatpazcAt kAvya meM uktivakratA, vyaJjanA aura dhvani para prakAza DAlate hue usake muhAvaroM evaJca usakI lokoktiyoM tathA sUktiyoM kA vyAkhyA sahita saGkalana kara kAvyagata alaGkAroM aura bimboM kA vivecana kiyA hai| ___munizrI jJAnasAgara jI ne apane kAvya meM kathAnaka kI prastuti isa DhaMga se kI hai ki vaha atyanta rocaka evaM hRdayagrAhI bana gayA hai / eka hI pAtra ke aneka pUrvajanmoM evaJca tadgata kAryakalApoM ke varNana kI duruhatA ko unhoMne sarasa kAvyazailI dvArA dUra karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai / jisameM unheM pUrNa saphalatA milI hai| __ munizrI kA zabdakoza atyanta samRddha hai / usa koza meM se kabhI-kabhI ve aise zabda bhI nikAla lAte haiM jo kadAcit Aja ke pAThaka ke liye suparicita nahIM haiM / yathA taras = guNa, roka = prabhA, saMhitAya = hitamArga, USaraTaka = retIlA, rasaka = carmapAtra Adi / unakI vANI sthAna-sthAna para anuprAsa se susajjita hai / kahIM-kahIM to padazayyA isa prakAra kI hai, ki lagatA hai eka sAtha kaI ghaNTiyA~ bajane lagatI hoM-'anubhavanti bhavanti bhavAntakAH; nAthavaMzina ivenduvaMzinaH, ye kRto'pi parapakSazaMsinaH / ' antyAnuprAsa to mAnoM unake lie kAvyakrIr3A hai | kAvya ke lagabhaga hara zloka ko usane Alokita kiyA hai /

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vii DaoN. ArAdhanA jaina ne isa zreSTha kRti ko apane zodha kA viSaya banAkara atyanta mahanIya kArya kiyA hai / unhoMne isa para bhUri-bhUri parizrama kiyA hai / kAvya meM prayukta arthAntara nyAsa, lokoktiyoM OM " sUktiyoM ke rUpa meM sugrAhya haiM aura saMskRta ke vizAla lokokti aura sUkti saMgraha ko samRddha karane meM sakSama haiN| - jahA~ kAvya ke anya pakSoM para gahanatA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai vahA~ usa kI bhASA para aura adhika sUkSmatA se vivecana apekSita hai / 'na yAcitaM mAni upaiti jAtu' (1/72) meM mAni meM hasva ikAra kA prayoga cintya hai / 'nilimpitam' (1/104) meM 'ze mucAdInAm' (7/1/59) se za pare rahane para num vidhAna ke kAraNa num prayoga vicAraNIya hai / isI prakAra 'kulakaraiH' (2/8) meM 'arurviSadantasya mum' (6/6/67) se khidanta ke pare rahane para hI mum vidhAna hone ke kAraNa mumprayoga samIcIna nahIM lagatA | kAvya meM isa prakAra ke aneka sthala hai jahA~ vaiyAkaraNoM ko sandeha ho sakatA hai| ho sakatA hai yaha unakI alpajJatA ke kAraNa hI ho, para unakA sandeha nivAraNa apekSita hai / AzA hai DaoN. ArAdhanA jaina apane zodha grantha ke AgAmI saMskaraNa meM kAvya ke isa pakSa para bhI vicAra kreNgii| phira bhI jitanA kArya unhoMne kiyA hai, vaha zlAghanIya hai / kayAnaka ke srotoM kA patA lagAkara usase samIkSya kAvya ke kayAnaka kI tulanA, kAvya meM prayukta muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM evaM sUktiyoM kA adhyayana, kAvya meM upAtta bimboM kI samIkSA, evaJca bhASA vakratA jise alaGkAra zAstriyoM ne bhanIbhaNiti kahA hai, kA nAnA pariprekyoM meM vivecana prastuta grantha kI vizeSatA hai, jisake liye usakI viduSI lekhikA sAdhuvAda kI pAtra hai| dIpAvalI parva 13/11/1993 DaoN. satyavrata zAstrI AcArya, saMskRta vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI pUrva kulapati, zrI jaganAtha saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, purI (ur3IsA)

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viii purovAk / _ 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya suvikhyAta digambara jainAcArya pUjya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kI amarakRti hai / isI kA anuzIlana DaoN. kumArI ArAdhanA jaina ne prastuta zodhaprabandha meM kiyA hai / isa para unheM bhopAla vizvavidyalaya se pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi bhI prApta ho cukI hai / mere nirdezana meM likhA jAne vAlA yaha pahalA zodhaprabandha thA / isalie yaha merI yogyatA kI bhI kasauTI bananevAlA thA / isake atirikta yaha kRti eka aise yazasvI, zraddheya AcArya kI zrIlekhanI se prasUta huI thI jo mere parama ArAdhya AcArya parameSThI pUjya vidyAsAgara jI ke paramapUjya guru the / isa kAraNa isa para anusandhAna karAne kI merI ruci utkarSa para pahu~ca gayI thI / maiM isa kArya kI saphalatA ke lie bar3e utsAha se prayatnarata thA / kintu jaba mujhe patA calA ki prastuta mahAkAvya para mAnanIya DaoN. ke.pI. pANDeya pUrva meM hI zodhakArya kara cuke haiM, taba maiM nirAza ho gayA / kyoMki jisa pAramparika kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se jayodaya ke anuzIlana kI parikalpanA maiMne kI thI, DaoN. pANDeya ne bhI usI dRSTi se ukta mahAkAvya kA vivecanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA thA / phalasvarUpa mere dvArA karAyA jAnevAlA kArya piSTapeSaNa mAtra thaa| saMyogavaza merI niyukti bhopAla vizvavidyAlaya meM rIDara ke pada para ho gayI / vahA~ maiM prasiddha bhASAzAstrI DaoN. hIrAlAla jI zukla ke samparka meM AyA / unake sAnidhya meM zailIvijJAna ke adhyayana aura ema0phila0 kI kakSA meM usake adhyApana kA avasara prApta huA / zailIvaijJAnika dRSTi se sAhityika kRtiyoM para aneka laghu zodhaprabandha bhI likhavAye / zailIvijJAna sAhityasamIkSA kA bhASAvijJAnaparaka zAstra hai / samIkSA ke kSetra meM isakA praveza nayA-nayA hI hai / isake AdhAra para kI gaIM sAhityasamIkSAe~ mujhe kAphI vaijJAnika evaM rocaka pratIta huiiN| isalie mere mana meM vicAra AyA ki kyoM na jodaya mahAkAvya ke anuzIlana ko zailIvaijJAnika pariprekSya diyA jAya / saMskRta sAhitya meM isa prakAra kA zodhakArya navIna hogA / mana ne isa vicAra kA pUrI zakti se samarthana kiyA aura maiMne zodha prabandha ke kalevara ko zailIvaijJAnika AkAra de diyA / yaha bahuta saphala aura upayogI rhaa| . 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya kAvyakalA kA utkRSTa nidarzana hai / yaha kRti mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI ko bhAravi, mAgha aura zrIharSa kI zreNI meM pratiSThita karatI hai| isameM kAvyabhASA ke sabhI upAdAna arthAt abhivyakti kI lAkSaNika, vyaMjaka aura vimbAtmaka paddhatiyoM ke sabhI prakAra upalabdha hote hai| udAharaNArtha lakSaNAlaka evaM vyaMjanAtmaka zabdaniveza, zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaMkAra, vibhAvAdiyojanA, muhAvare, pratIka evaM bimvavidhAna ina samasta zailIya upakaraNoM kA jayodaya meM saTIka prayoga huA hai, jisase abhivyakti hRdayasparzI, bhAvodvelaka, rasAtmaka evaM rocaka bana gayI hai|

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vakroktijIvitakAra rAjAnaka kuntaka ne vakrokti ke jitane bheda batalAye haiM una sabase jayodaya kI kAvyabhASA bunI gayI hai / vaha rUr3hivaicitryavakratA, paryAyavakratA, vizeSaNavakratA, saMvRtivakratA, vRttivaicitryavakratA, liMgavaicitryavakratA, kriyAvaicitryavakratA, kArakavakratA, saMkhyAvakratA, puruSavakratA, upasargavakratA, nipAtavakratA, upacAravakratA aura varNavinyAsavakratA ke tAnoM-bAnoM se anusyUta hai / paryAyavakratA kA eka sundara nidarzana draSTavya hai : bhUpAlabAla kilo te muudupllvshaalinH|| kAntAlasabidhAnasya phalatAt sumanaskatA // 1/112 - - he rAjakumAra ! tuma mRdubhASI ho aura tumhArA gRha kAntA se suzobhita hai / tumhArA saumanasya kyA saphala nahIM hogA ? yahA~ strI, nArI, abalA athavA gRhiNI, palI Adi paryAyavAciyoM ko chor3akara 'kAntA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jo atyanta prAsaMgika hai / kyoMki 'kAntA' zabda saundarya kA dyotaka hai, isalie usake prayoga dvArA strI se gRha ke suzobhita hone kA aucitya siddha ho jAtA hai| kArakavakratA ke abhivyaMjanAtmaka cArutva kA udAharaNa adholikhita padya meM dekhA jA sakatA hai : bhUyo virarAma karaH priyonmukhaH sannaganvitastaspAH / pratyAyayo dRganto'pyarSapadhAvapalatA''lasyAt // 6/119 - sulocanA jayakumAra ke gale meM varamAlA DAlanA cAhatI thI, kintu usakA hAtha jayakumAra ke sammukha jAkara bhI bAra-bAra bIca meM hI ruka jAtA thaa| isI taraha usakI dRSTi bhI capalatA tathA Alasyavaza bIca rAste se lauTa AtI thI / yahA~ acetana hAtha aura dRSTi karmakAraka haiM (vaha hAtha ko roka letI thI aura dRSTi ko lauTA letI thii)| kintu cetana kI kriyA kA Aropa kara unakA cetana ke samAna kartAkAraka ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isase uktivaicitryajanya cArutva ke sAtha isa bhAva kI abhivyakti hotI hai ki sulocanA kA aMga-aMga lajjAbhAva se anuzAsita thA, isalie ve apane-Apa lajjAzIlatA kA AcaraNa kara rahe the arthAt sulocanA atyadhika lajjAlu thI aura indriyoM para usakA pUrNa niyaMtraNa thaa| muhAvare abhivyakti ke lokaprasiddha lAkSaNika evaM vyaMjaka mAdhyama haiM / inase abhivyaMjanA painI evaM ramaNIya ho jAtI hai / 'jayodaya' meM muhAvaroM ke prayoga se bhAvadyotana meM jo tIkSNatA evaM rocakatA AyI hai usakA anubhava nimnalikhita udAharaNa se kiyA jA sakatA hai :-. vezavAnupajanAma jayo'pi yena so'ya zuzubhe'minayo'pi / lokalopilavaNApariNAmaH sa sa nIramIrapati va kAmaH // 5/26

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- jinakA saundarya anupama thA aise rAjA jayakumAra bhI saja-dhaja kara Aye / unake Ane se sabhA jagamagA uThI | unake Age kAmadeva bhI pAnI bharatA thA / jayakumAra ke anupama saundarya kI vyaMjanA ke lie 'kAmaH nIramIrayati" (unake sAmane kAmadeva bhI pAnI bharatA thA) isa muhAvare se adhika sazakta ukti aura koI nahIM ho sakatI thii| vimbavidhAna meM mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI siddhahasta haiM / isakA namUnA nimna paMktiyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai : lvnnimaajdlsvjlsthitistrunnimaaymusso'runnimaacitiH| lasati jIvanamajalijIvanamiha dadhAtvavarSi na supIjanaH // 25/5 __- yuvatiyoM kA saundarya kamalapatra para sthita pAnI kI bUMda ke samAna hai, yuvAvasthA sandhyA samaya kI lAlimAvat hai / jIvana aMjali meM sthita jala ke sadRza hai / ataH jJAnIjana samaya ko vyartha nahIM khote / ina upamAoM ke dvArA jo dRzya (dRSTiparaka bimba) upasthita kiye gaye haiM unameM padArthoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA sAkAra ho uThI hai / kavi ne amUrta nazvaratA ko mUrta rUpa de diyA hai / nazvaratA A~khoM se dikhAI detI huI pratIta hotI hai / mAnavIya AcaraNa kI manovaijJAnikatA kA bodha karAne ke lie kavi ne lokoktiyoM kI zailI kA kitanA saphala prayoga kiyA hai, yaha nimna ukti meM darzanIya hai - AstadA sulalitaM calitavyaM tanmayA'vasaraNaM bahubhavyam / zrIcatamapaka utkalitAya kasyacida vrajati citra hitAya // 4/7 bhAva yaha hai ki arkakIrti AmaMtraNa na milane para bhI rAjakumArI sulocanA ke svayaMvara meM jAne ke lie taiyAra ho jAtA hai, kyoMki caurAhe para par3e ratna ko kauna nahIM uThAnA cAhatA ? vistArabhaya se yahA~ jayodaya meM prayukta zailI ke anya prakAroM jaise alaMkAravidhAna, vibhAvAdiyojanA, lakSaNAtmaka evaM vyaMjanAtmaka zabdaniveza Adi ke nidarzana prastuta nahIM kiye jA ku0 ArAdhanA jaina ne 'jayodaya' kI kAvyabhASA ke ina samasta upAdAnoM kA samyak unmIlana kiyA hai| kAvyAtmabhUta rasa aura bhAvoM ke saundarya tathA pAtroM ke cAritrika vaiziSTya ko bhI dRSTi kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai / prabandha kI bhASA pariSkRta evaM subodha hai / prakAzita hone para yaha vidvajjagat meM sammAna prApta karegA tathA zodhArthiyoM ke lie upayogI siddha hogA, aisI AzA DaoN0 ratanacandra jaina rIDara, saMskRta evaM prAkRta bhopAla vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla (ma.pra.)

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Xi prastAvanA __ vartamAna yuga ke suvikhyAta digambara jaina muni AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke darzanArtha jAne kA saubhAgya prApta huA to vahIM unake guru sva0 AcArya mAnasAgarajI (pUrva nAma paM. bhUrAmalajI) dvArA praNIta vipula saMskRta sAhitya kA avalokana kara vismita raha gaI / isa yuga meM jaba saMskRta meM sAhitya sarjana durlabha ho gayA hai, taba isa bhASA meM cAra mahAkAvya, eka campU evaM tIna anya granthoM kI racanA cakita kara denevAlA kArya hai / vismaya taba aura bhI gaharA ho jAtA hai jaba hama dekhate haiM ki sabhI racanAe~ kAvya-zAstra kI utkRSTa namUnA haiM / mahAkAvya to bRhatrayI kI koTi ke haiN| inameM jayodaya mahAkAvya zailI meM 'naiSadhIya carita' kA, arthagaurava meM 'kirAtArjunIya' kA, prakRtivarNana meM 'zizupAla vadha' kA, dArzanika vivecana meM 'saundarananda' kA tathA vairAgya prasaMga meM 'dharmazarmAbhyudaya' kA smaraNa karA detA hai| . . zodha kI dRSTi se ye sabhI kRtiyA~ aneka saMbhAvanAe~ garbha meM chipAye hue haiM, isIliye zodhArthiyoM kA dhyAna inakI ora AkRSTa huA hai / kumAyU~ vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla (u.pra.) se DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana ne "muni zrImAnasAvara kA matitva aura unake saMskRta kAmAnyoM kA sAhityika mUlyAMkana" zIrSaka se zodhakArya kara pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI hai| ga. ke.pI. pANava ne svatantrarUpa se 'jayodaya' para kArya kiyA hai / unakA zodha zIrSaka hai "jayodava mahAkAba kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" / isa viSaya para unheM gorakhapura vizvavidyAlaya, gorakhapura (u.pra.) dvArA . 1982 meM pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi pradAna kI gaI hai| ... DaoN. pANDeya ke zodha prabandha kA adhyayana karane ke bAda pratIta huA ki jayodaya meM abhI bhI zodha kI vizAla saMbhAvanAeM haiN| DaoN. pANDeya ke adhyayana kA pakSa paramparAgata yA zAstrIya hai| unhoMne jayodaya ko kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se mahAkAvyatva aura kAvyatva kI kasauTI para kasA hai isameM mahAkAvya aura kAvya siddha karanevAle kauna-kauna se lakSaNa vidhamAna haiM, ve zAstrIya dRSTi se nirdoSa hai yA nahIM, nirdoSa hai to kisa prakAra, doSayukta hai to kyoM; yaha pakSa hI unakI samIkSA kA viSaya rahA hai| saMskRta kAvyazAstra meM rasa, bhAva, dhvani, alaMkAra, guNa, rIti evaM doSAbhAva hI kisI kAvya kI samIkSA ke Avazyaka tattva mAne gaye haiN| isIlie DaoN0 pANDeya ne jayodaya mahAkAvya meM inhIM ke vibhinna rUpoM kA sarvekSaNa evaM unakI zAstrIyatA kA parIkSaNa kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha alaMkAroM ke viSaya meM zodhakartA ne yaha chAnabIna kI hai ki kavi ne kina-kina alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai aura ve alaMkAra amuka alaMkAra kisa prakAra haiM ? isI prakAra jayodaya meM kina-kina rasoM kI vyaMjanA kI gaI hai aura ve isa amuka rasa kI paribhASA meM kaise Ate haiM? yaha anveSaNa rasa ke viSaya meM kiyA gayA hai / bhAva, guNa, rIti evaM dhvani ke viSaya meM bhI aisA hI sarvekSaNa evaM - vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. pANDeya ke zodha prabandha kI rUparekhA isa prakAra hai .

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xii jayodaya mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - prathama adhyAya - jayodaya mahAkAvya kA kavi, usakA janmasthAna, samaya, kRtitva evaM vyktitv| dvitIya a : - jayodaya mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu, kayAvibhAga, srota. evaM aitihAsikatA / tRtIya ambApa - saMskRta sAhitya meM mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA, jayodaya kA mahAkAvyatva, mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM jayodaya kA sthAna tathA jayodaya evaM pUrvavartI mahAkAvya / - caturva adhyAya - jayodaya mahAkAvya meM rasa evaM bhAva-vimarza / paMcama adhyAya - jayodaya mahAkAvya meM alaGkAra-niveza / para anyAva - jayodaya mahAkAvya meM guNa, rIti evaM dhvani-vivecana / satana anyAya - jayodaya mahAkAvya meM chandoyojanA / navama adhyAya - upasaMhAra parizira: 1. jayodaya mahAkAvya meM prastuta sthAna, pAtra, dArzanika-zabdasamUha evaM lalita suuktiyaaN| 2. sahAyaka granthoM kI suucii| isa rUparekhA se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki DaoN. pANDeya kA jayodaya viSayaka adhyayana paramparAgata kAvyazAstrIya caukhaTa ke bhItara hI hai / isameM Adhunika zailIvaijJAnika dRSTi se kAvyabhASA kA vizleSaNa zodha kA bindu nahIM hai| dhvani, guNa, rIti ke atirikta bhASA ko kAvyAtmaka banAnevAle aneka tattva hai; jaise pratIka, bimba, muhAvare, lokoktiyA~, sUktiyA~ Adi / inakA vizleSaNa uparyukta zodha rUparekhA meM sthAna nahIM pA sakA hai| ataH DaoN0 pANDeya ke zodha kSetra kI sImA ke bAhara zodha kA eka mahattvapUrNa kSetra jayodaya meM vidyamAna dikhAI diyA / vaha thA zailIvaijJAnika yA kAvya-bhASIya vizleSaNa kA kSetra / jisameM yaha adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai ki kavi ne bhASA ko kAvyAtmaka banAne ke lie abhivyakti ke kina-kina kA prakAroM kA arthAt lAkSaNika evaM vyaMjaka vacanabhaMgiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai ? unakA abhivyaMjanAtmaka vaiziSTya kyA hai ? yaha kAvyasamIkSA kA Adhunika bhASA zAstrIya pakSa hai| bhAratIya samIkSAzAstra meM AcArya kuntaka ne apane samIkSA grantha vakroktijIvita ke dvArA isakA bahuta pahale hI nirdeza kara diyA thA / unhoMne vibhinna vakratAoM ke rUpa meM cayana aura vicalana para AdhArita abhivyakti ke aneka prakAroM kA prakAzana kiyA hai, tathApi saMskRta meM samIkSA kI paddhati abhI taka dhvanikAra Anandavardhana evaM kAvyaprakAzakAra mammaTa dvArA praNIta siddhAntoM kI paridhi meM hI calI A rahI hai / pAzcAtya samIkSAzAstra ke prabhAva se abhivyakta ke aneka naye prakAroM kI bhI pahacAna huI hai; jaise pratIka, bimba, muhAvare, lokoktiyoM, sUktiyA~ aadi| ina sabakA adhyayana zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana ke antargata hotA hai|

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xiii jayodaya mahAkAvya meM zodha ke isa mahattvapUrNa pakSa ko achUtA pAkara isa para zodhakArya karane kI tRSNA mana meM jAgI aura maiMne barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla (ma.pra.) meM saMskRta aura prAkRta ke rIDara AdaraNIya DaoN0 ratanacandrajI jaina ke samakSa apanA vicAra nivedita kiyA aura unase parAmarza dene kA anurodha kiyA / zodhakArya ke lie mArgadarzana karane kI bhI sAgraha prArthanA kii| DaoNkTara sAhaba ko bhI zodha kA viSaya upayukta pratIta huA / unhoMne bar3I kRpAkara mArgadarzana karanA bhI svIkAra kara liyaa| isa prakAra mere manoratha kA mArga prazasta ho gayA / I maiMne apane zodha prabandha ko 'jayodaya mahAkAvya kA anuzIlana' zIrSaka diyA hai aura bAraha adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / prathama adhyAya meM 'jayodaya ke praNetA mahAkavi bhUrAmalajI (AcArya jJAnasAgarajI) kA jIvana vRttAnta, caritra evaM unake dvArA saMskRta evaM hindI meM racita vipula sAhitya kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / isameM do navIna jAnakAriyA~ dI gaI haiN| eka, yaha ki mahAkavi kA rAzi kA nAma 'zAntikumAra' thA dUsarI yaha ki unhoMne kSullakadIkSA AcArya vIrasAgara jI se grahaNa nahIM kI thI apituM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ke samakSa svayaM hI grahaNa kara lI thii| mahAkavi kI do aura kRtiyoM kA bhI isameM paricaya diyA gayA hai / 'munimanoraMjanazataka' (muni manoraMjanAzIti) tathA 'RSi kaisA hotA hai ?" dvitIya adhyAya meM jayodaya ke kathAnaka ke sAtha usake mUla srota para prakAza DAlA gayA hai 1 kavi ne rasAtmakatA ke anurodha se mUlakathA meM Avazyaka parivartana kiye haiN| unake aucitya kA vivecana bhI isameM kiyA gayA hai| jayodaya ke mahAkAvyatva aura kAvyatva ko bhI isa adhyAya meM lakSaNa kI kasauTI para kasA gayA hai| jayodaya kI bhASA ko kAvyAtmaka arthAt lAkSaNika evaM vyaMjaka banAne ke lie kavi ne jina ukti vakratAoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, unakA vizleSaNa tRtIya adhyAya kA viSaya hai / muhAvare, pratIka, alaMkAra, vimba, lokoktiyA~ evaM sUktiyA~ bhI kAvyabhASA ke upAdAna haiN| ataH jayodaya meM prayukta muhAvaroM evaM pratIkoM kA abhivyaMjanAtmaka vaiziSTya caturtha adhyAya meM, alaMkAroM kA paMcama meM, bimboM kA SaSTha meM, tathA lokoktiyoM aura sUktiyoM kA kAvyAtmaka cArutva saptama adhyAya meM vizleSita kiyA gayA hai / aSTama adhyAya jayodaya meM pravAhita vibhinna rasoM kI manovaijJAnika vyaMjanA kA prakAzana karatA hai /

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xiv navama adhyAya meM vargoM ke vinyAsa kI vakratA kA unmIlana kiyA gayA hai jisake antargata mAdhurya evaM oja ke vyaMjaka vargoM kI yojanA tathA anuprAsAdi zabdAlaMkAroM ke vinyAsa se utpanna kAvya-saundarya ke udghATana kA prayAsa hai / dazama adhyAya meM jayodaya ke pAtroM kA caritravizleSaNa prastuta hai tathA ekAdaza meM jayodayagata jIvana darzana evaM jIvanapaddhati para dRSTipAta kiyA gayA hai| dvAdaza adhyAya meM upasaMhAra hai jisake antargata zodha ke niSkarSoM kA Akalana kiyA gayA hai / anta meM pariziSTa eka meM mahAkavi kI saMskRta meM viracita do aprakAzita kRtiyoM 'vIrazarmAbhyudaya' tathA 'bhaktiyoM' kA paricaya jor3A gayA hai| pariziSTa do meM 'jayodaya meM rASTrIya cetanA' zIrSaka lekha tathA pariziSTi tIna meM sandarbhagranya sUcI hai| apane pratipAdanoM ke samarthana meM maiMne yathAsthAna AcAryoM evaM mAnya vidvAnoM ke kathana uddhRta kiye haiM / vibhinna uddharaNoM ke pramANIkaraNa hetu pAdaTippaNiyoM meM sambandhita grantha, usake lekhaka evaM pRSThAdi kA sandarbha bhI de diyA hai / kAvyabhASA kA vizleSaNa sarala kArya nahIM hai / isake lie sarvaprathama to sahRdayatva Avazyaka hai / kAvya marmajJatA ke binA kAvyAtmaka abhivyakti ke prakAroM kI arthAt vaidagdhyabhanIbhaNitiyoM kI thAha pA sakanA kaise saMbhava hai ? sahRdayatA yadhapi svAbhAvika hotI hai, tathApi jaba kAvyaracanA ke lie bhI kAvya zAstrAdi kA avekSaNa Avazyaka hai (kAvya prakAza 1/3) taba usake marma ko samajhane ke lie to aura bhI adhika Avazyaka hai / isIlie maiMne dIrghakAla taka vakroktijIvita, aucitya vicAracarcA, dhvanyAloka, kAvyaprakAza Adi prAcIna kAvyazAstroM kA tathA zailIvijJAna yA rItivijJAna tathA kAvyabhASA kA vivecana karane vAle vibhinna Adhunika granthoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA evaM vizeSajJoM se samparka kara gutthiyA~ sulajhAne kI ceSTA kI, sAtha hI aharniza ghora cintana kiyA / isa prakAra kucha sAmarthya saMcita kara apane saMkalpa ko pUrNa karane kA udhama kiyA hai| . zodhakArya ko vizeSajJoM kI apekSA ke anurUpa banAne meM yathAzakti koI prayatna zeSa nahIM rakhA kintu anubhava ke prArambhika sopAna para sthita hone ke kAraNa truTiyA~ svAbhAvika haiM / yadi yaha prabandha vijJajanoM ko kiMcit bhI paritoSa de sakA to apane zrama ko sArthaka mAnUMgI / parama AdaraNIya DaoN0 ratanacandrajI jaina, rIDara, saMskRta evaM prAkRta, barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla ke prati kRtajJatA jJApana hetu upayukta zabdAvalI kA abhAva anubhava kara rahI hU~, jinhoMne atyanta vyasta rahate hue bhI merA satata mArgadarzana kiyA, sAtha hI zodhaviSaya se

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xv sambandhita aneka pustakeM nijI pustakAlaya se adhyayana hetu pradAna kI / itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne mere bhopAla pravAsa meM apane ghara meM AvAsa, bhojana Adi kI suvidhAyeM upalabdha karAke mere mArga kI bAdhAyeM dUra kI haiM / mujhe unase nirantara pitRvat sneha prApta huA hai / mAnanIya DaoN. sAhaba ke yogya nirdezana ke binA yaha kArya asambhava thA / maiM unake upakAra ko kabhI nahIM bhUla sakatI / paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI evaM unake saMgha ke prati maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~, jinakI kRpA se jayodaya mahAkAvya ke uttarArdha kI svopajJa TIkA sahita pANDulipi tathA 'munimanoraJjanAzIti' aura 'RSi kaisA hotA hai' ina do muktaka kAvyoM kI pANDulipiyA upalabdha ho sakIM / AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI ke jIvana se sambandhita aneka jAnakAriyA~ tathA vividha patra-patrikAe~ evaM sujhAva bhI unase prApta hue haiM jisase merA kArya sukara huA hai / maiM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI evaM unake saMghasya sAdhuoM se zubhAzIrvAda prApta kara dhanya huI huuN| zA0 snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, damoha meM saMskRta ke vibhAgAdhyakSa tathA samprati saciva ma0pra0 saMskRta akAdamI, bhopAla pitRkalpa DaoN0 bhAgacandajI 'bhAgendu' mere preraNAsrota rahe haiN| unhoMne hI mere mana meM zodhakArya kI bhUkha jagAI aura jayodaya mahAkAvya para zodha karane kA sujhAva diyA | unake protsAhana aura parAmarza ne merA mArga prazasta karane meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai / meM unakI cira RNI huuN| brahmacArI sumanakumArajI, vartamAna meM 105 ailaka zrI siddhAntasAgarajI se vizvalocanakoza evaM unake upayogI sujhAva prApta kara maiM lAbhAnvita huI huuN| brahmacAriNI lakSmI bahana, vidizA evaM sAgara nivAsI bhAI zrI jinendrajI ne mahAkavi jJAnasAgarajI racita sAhitya upalabdha karAkara merI bar3I sahAyatA kI hai| ina mahAnubhAvoM ke prati maiM kRtajJatA jJApita karatI huuN| prastuta zodhakArya ke samaya pitA zrI sva: paM. jJAnacandrajI jaina 'svataMtra' se hara sambhava sahAyatA milI hai / unake prati maiM kyA AbhAra vyakti kara sakatI huuN| mere anuja ci. rAkeza jaina (iMjIniyara) ne tana-mana-dhana se sahayoga diyA hai / maiM unake uttarottara utkarSa kI kAmanA karatI huuN| jainavidhA zodha saMsthAna, zrI mahAvIrajI (rAja0) ko maiM vismRta nahIM kara sakatI, jahA~ mujhe adhyayana, AvAsa, bhojana Adi kI sabhI suvidhAeM niHzulka prApta huI haiM / vahA~ ke nidezaka, pustakAlayAdhyakSa evaM sabhI kAryakartAoM kI atyanta AbhArI huuN| DaoN. zrImatI AzAlatA malaiyA, adhyakSA - saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya sAgara kA bhI mujhe mArgadarzana evaM sahayoga prApta huA hai / unake prati maiM AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN|

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xvi 'muni zrI jJAnasAgara jaina granthamAlA kI pustakoM ke vikraya suvidhApradAyaka zrI gaNezIlAla ratanalAla kaTAriyA, kapar3A bAjAra, vyAvara (rAja.) tathA zrI devakumArajI jaina, maMtrI, di. jaina samAja hisAra (hariyANA) se kavivara jJAnasAgarajI kA sAhitya upalabdha huA hai / maiM unakI AbhArI hU~ / prastuta zodha prabandha prakAzana ke mUla preraNA srota haiM paramapUjya 105 ailaka zrI abhaya sAgarajI mahArAja evaM cAturmAsa avadhi meM yahA~ gaMja bAsaudA meM virAjamAna AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI parama ziSyA AryikA dRDhamati mAtAjI evaM AryikA saMgha / inakI preraNA se hI yaha gurutara kArya sahaja hI saMbhava bana par3A hai / grantha ke prakAzana kA Arthika uttaradAyitva ko vahana kara digambara jaina samAja gaMja bAsaudA ne apanI udAratA evaM sadAzayatA kA paricaya diyA hai| isa hetu maiM samAja kI RNI hU~ / mere nidezaka DaoN. zrI ratanacandrajI jaina (bhopAla ) evaM DaoN. zrI satyavratajI zAstrI ne vidvattApUrNa bhUmikA likhakara grantha ke gaurava ko bar3hAyA hai| bhAI zrI kamalezajI jabalapura tathA siMghaI AphaseTa jabalapura ke adhikAriyoM evaM kAryakarttAoM ne utsAhapUrvaka kArya pUrNa kiyA hai / zodha prabandha ke lekhana evaM prakAzana Adi meM jina mahAnubhAvoM kA pratyakSa/parokSa rUpa se sahayoga milA hai, una sabhI ke prati maiM hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ / zodha prabandha ko nirdoSa banAne kA yathAsambhava prayatna kiyA gayA hai tathApi truTiyA~ avazyaMbhAvI haiM / pAThaka guNagrAhI dRSTikoNa rakhakara sAratattva ko aMGgIkAra kareMge, aisI apekSA hai| dIpa mAlikA, 13 navambara 1993 bhagavAn mahAvIra nirvANa divasa vIra nirvANa saMvat 2520 ku. ArAdhanA jaina mIla roDa, gaMja basaudA (vidizA ) ma.pra., 464221

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| viSayAnukramaNI VI XI pRSTha saMkhyA diga0 jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara muni mahArAja kA paricaya prakAza kiraNa prAkkathana purovAk VIII prastAvanA viSayAnukramaNI XVII prakma adhyAya: mahAkavi bhUrAmalajI kA vyaktitva evaM sarjanA 1-34 janmasthala evaM bAlyakAla, zikSA, navapravartana, kArya kSetra, sAhitya sarjanA, cAritra kI ora kadama, ziSyavRnda, AcArya pada, cAritracakravartI pada, samAdhimaraNa / saMskRta sAhitya : mahAkAvya - jayodaya, vIrodaya, sudarzanodaya, bhadrodaya, dayodaya campU / mulaka kAvya: munimanoraJjanAzIti (munimanoraMjana zataka), "RSi kaisA hotA hai ?" samyaktvasAra zataka, pravacanasAra pratirUpaka / hindI sAhitya : mahAkAvya - RSabhAvatAra, bhAgyodaya, guNasundara vRttAnta / gaya- kartavyapatha pradarzana, mAnavadharma, sacitta vivecana, svAmI kundakunda aura sanAtana jaina dharma / papa - pavitra mAnava jIvana, sarala jaina vivAha vidhi, TIkApanya * tattvArtha dIpikA / anuvAda - vivekodaya (samayasAra kA padyAnuvAda), devAgama stotra kA padyAnuvAda, niyamasAra kA padyAnuvAda, aSTapAhuDa kA padyAnuvAda, samayasAra tAtparyavRtti kI TIkA / vitIya adhyAya - jayodaya kA kathAnaka evaM mahAkAvya kathAnaka, jayodaya kA kathAsrota, mUlakayA meM parivartana aura usakA aucitya, jayodaya kA mahAkAvyatva, jayodaya kI kAvyAtmakatA / tRtIya adhyAya : kakatA, vyaMjakatA evaM pani 57-77 * vyaMjakatA kA svarUpa, vyaMjakatA ke prakAra, vyaMjakatA kA hetu ------ ukti kI vakratA / jayodaya meM vakratA ----- rUr3hivaicitryavakratA paryAyavakratA, vizeSaNavakratA, saMvRtivakratA, vRttivaicitryavakratA, liMgavaicitryavakratA, kriyAvaicitryavakratA, kArakavakratA, saMkhyAvakratA, puruSavakratA, upasargavakratA, nipAtavakratA, upacAravakratA / upacAravakratA kA mahattva, jayodaya meM upacAra vakratA ----- mAnava ke sAtha tiryaMca ke dharma kA prayoga, jar3a ke sAtha cetana ke dharma kA prayoga, cetana ke sAtha jar3a ke dharma kA prayoga, amUrta ke sAtha mUrta ke dharma kA prayoga, bhinna padArthoM meM abheda kA Aropa, vAkyavakratA evaM vrnnvinyaasvkrtaa|

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XVIII caturtha adhyAya : 78-88 paMcama adhyAya: SaSTha adhyAya: muhAvare evaM pratIka vidhAna muhAvare kA lakSaNa, muhAvaroM kA bhASika vaiziSTya, muhAvaroM kA vargIkaraNa / jayodaya meM muhAvare ------- vakrakriyAtmaka muhAvare, vakravizeSaNAtmaka muhAvare, nidarzanAtmaka muhAvare, anubhAvAtmaka muhAvare, upamAtmaka muhAvare, rUpakAtmaka muhAvare / pratIka kA lakSaNa, pratIkoM kA abhivyaMjanAtmaka mahatva / jayodaya meM pratIka ------ prAkRtika pratIka, paurANika pratIka, prANIvargIya prtiik| alaMkAra vinyAsa 89-110 alaMkAra kA svarUpa, alaMkArAtmaka kathana prakAra kA vargIkaraNa ------ sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAra, samarthanAtmaka alaMkAra, virodhamUlaka alaMkAra, mAlAtmaka zRMkhalAtmaka alaMkAra, AkSepAtmaka alaMkAra, pUrvAparasthitivarNanAtmaka alaMkAra, pracchannanindAstutimUlaka alaMkAra, pratIkAtmaka alaMkAra, kAraNakAryapaurvAparyaviparyayAtmaka alaMkAra, prastutAnyatvanirUpaNAtmaka alaMkAra, AvRttimUlaka alaMkAra, padakramamUlaka alaMkAra / jayodaya meM alaMkAraH arthAlaMkAra ------ upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, apahRti, sasandeha, samAsokti, vyatireka, bhrAntimAn, nidarzanA, arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAnta, mAlArUpa prativastUpamA, vibhAvanA, virodhAbhAsa, dIpaka, citrAlaMkAra / bimba yojanA 111-131 kAvyabimba kA svarUpa, bimba nirmANa kI rIti, bimba kA upasthApana bimbavidhAna kA abhivyaMjanAgata mahattva / bimba ke kArya, bhAvoM kI sAkSAtkArAtmikA pratIti, bhAvAtizaya kA sampreSaNa, rasAbhivyaMjaka, bhAvaparamparA ke vyaMjaka, bhAvodbodhaka, vibhAvAdi kI bimbAtmakatA, alaMkArAzrita bimba, muhAvarAzrita bimba, lokoktijanya bimba, pratIkAzrita bimba, lAkSaNika prayogAzrita bimba | bimba ke AzrayabhUta bhASika avayava saMjJAzrita bimba, vizeSaNAzrita bimba, kriyAzrita bimba, kriyAvi.praNAzrita bimba / saMvedanAparaka bimba ----- dRSTiparaka bimba, sparzaparaka bimba, ghrANaparaka bimba, zravaNaparaka bimba, svAdaparaka bimba / bimba aura alaMkArAdi meM antr| jayodaya meM bimba vidhAna (aindriya saMvedanAzrita vargIkaraNa) ------- dRSTiparaka bimba, sparzaparaka bimba, svAdaparaka bimba, zravaNaparaka bimba / alaMkArAzrita bimba, lakSaNAzrita bimba, lokoktijanya bimba, muhAvarAzrita bimba, vAkyAzrita bimba, saMjJAzrita bimba, vizeSaNAzrita bimba, kriyAzrita bimba lokoktiyA~ evaM sUktiyA~ 140-148 lokokti kA lakSaNa, lokoktiyoM kA abhivyaMjanAtmaka mahattva / jayodaya meM lokoktiyA~ / sUkti kA svarUpa, sUktiyoM kA abhivyaMjanAtmaka mahattva / jayodaya meM suuktipryog| samama adhyAya:

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aSTama adhyAya: navama adhyAya: XIX rasa dhvani 149-178 rasa kA svarUpa, rasa sAmagrI - vibhAva, Alambana aura Azraya, anubhAva, vyabhicAribhAva, sthAyibhAva, vibhAvanAdi vyApAra ke kAraNa, vibhAvAdi saMjJA, vibhAvAdi ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa se rasotpatti, rasotpatti sahadaya sAmAjika ko hI, rasa saMkhyA / jayodaya meM rasa ------- zRMgArarasa, hAsyarasa, raudrarasa, vIrarasa, bhayAnakarasa, vIbhatsarasa, zAntarasa kA svarUpa, zAntarasa ke vibhAva, anubhAva, vyabhicAribhAva, zAntarasa satA viSayaka vivAda, zAntarasa virodhI tarkoM kA khaNDana, zAntarasa sthAyIbhAvaviSayaka vivAda, nirveda kA khaNDana, zama kI sthApanA / jayodaya meM zAntarasa / rasAbhAsa--zRMgAra rasAbhAsa, bhayAnaka rNsaabhaas| bhAva, deva viSayaka rati, guru viSayaka rati, bhAvodaya, bhAvasandhi, bhaavshbltaa| varNavinyAsakakatA 179-196 varNavinyAsavakratA kA * svarUpa, varNavinyAsavakratA ke niyama, varNavinyAsavakratA aura anuprAsa, chekAnuprAsa, vRttyanuprAsa, mAdhurya vyaMjaka varNavinyAsavakratA, ojovyaMjaka varNavinyAsavakratA, zrutyanuprAsa, antyAnuprAsa, yamaka, varNavinyAsavakratA ke prayojana / jayodaya meM varNavinyAsakakatA ---- anuprAsa, yamaka, Adha yamaka, yugma yamaka, antya yamaka, mAdhuryaguNavyaMjaka varNavinyAsavakratA, ojoguNavyaMjaka vrnnvinyaasvkrtaa| caritracitraNa 197-206 vayodaya ke pAtra-jayakumAra, arkakIrti, akampana, cakravartI samrAT bharata, sulocanA, buddhidevI) RSabhadeva, anavadyamati mantrI, durmati, durmarSaNa / jIvana darzana aura jIvana paddhati 207-216 puruSArtha catuSTaya, devapUjana, svAdhyAya, gurujanoM kA Adara, vinaya aura sadAcAra, dAna, nirAmiSa AhAra, nyAyapUrvaka dhanArjana, paramAtmA kA dhyAna, saptavyasana tyaag| dazama adhyAya: ekAdaza adhyAya : bAdaza adhyAya : upasAhAra 217-222 prathama pariziSTa - 223-224 mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI kI aprakAzita saMskRta racanAyeM --- vIrazarmAbhyudaya, saMskRta bhaktiyA~ dvitIya pariziSTa . 225-227 jayodaya meM rASTrIya cetanA tRtIya parizira . 228-233 sandarbha granthasUcI

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vyaktitva prathama adhyAya mahAkavi bhUrAmalajI kA vyaktitva evaM sarjanA jayodaya mahAkAvya bAla brahmacArI mahAkavi paMDita bhUrAmalajI kI yazasvI lekhanI se prasUta huA hai, jo Age cala kara jaina muni avasthA meM AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ke nAma se prasiddha hue / zrI bhUrAmalajI eka aise mahAkavi haiM jinhoMne nirantara AtmasAdhanA kI ora agrasara rahate hue eka nahIM, aneka mahAkAvyoM kA sRjana kiyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AtmasAdhaka yogI ke lie kAvya bhI AtmasAdhanA kA aMga bana gayA hai aura sampUrNa jIvana kAvyamaya ho gayA hai / kavi bhUrAmalajI ke vyaktitva kA bahiraMga citra eka pratyakSadarzI ke nimna zabdoM meM dRzyamAna ho uThA hai - - gauravarNa, kSINa - zarIra, caur3A lalATa, bhItara taka jhA~katI A~kheM, hita-mita-priya dhImA bola, saMyamita sadhI cAla, satat zAntamudrA, yahI thA unakA aMganyAsa / ' AtmA meM vItarAgatA kA avataraNa hone ke bAda unake aMtaraMga kI chabi vaktA ne nimna vizeSaNoM meM mUrtita kara dI hai - - viSayAzA- virakta, aparigrahI, jJAna-dhyAna-tapa meM lavalIna, karuNA-sAgara, paraduHkhakAtara, vidyArasika, kavihRdaya, pravacanapaTu, zAntasvabhAvI, nispRhI, samatA, vinaya, dhairya aura sahiSNutA kI sAkAra mUrti, bhadrapariNAmI, sAdhanA meM kaThora, vAtsalya meM navanIta se bhI komala, evaM sarala prakRti tejasvI mahAtmA basa yahI thA unakA antara kA AbhAsa / 2 - aise vyaktitva ke dhanI yogI kA janma rAjasthAna meM jayapura ke samIpa sIkara jile ke rANolI grAma meM huA thA / unake pitA kA nAma zrI caturbhuja evaM mAtA kA nAma zrImatI ghRtavarI devI thA / kavi ne svayaM jayodaya mahAkAvya ke pratyeka sarga kI svopajJa TIkA ke anantara nimna zabdoM meM apane tathA apane mAtA pitA ke nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai| -- zrImAn zreSThicaturbhujaH sa suSuve bhUrAmalopAkayaM, vANIbhUSaNavarjinaM ghRtavarI devI ca yaM bhIcayam / 1. AcArya jJAnasAgara kA bArahavA~ samAdhi divasa, 2. vahI, pRSTha 4 - pRTha - 4

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana apanI janmabhUmi kA nirdeza karane ke lie unhoMne mahAkAvya ke antima aTThAIsaveM sarga meM pA~ca zloka likhe haiM jinameM pA~ca kAmanAe~ kI gaI haiM - jayatAtsunibandho'yaM puSyansajigalaM ciram / rASTra pravartatAmijyAM tanvanidhimuturam / / gaNasevI nRpo jAtaM rASTrasneho vRSaNAm / vahanirNayamIzAlI grAmyadoSAtigaH smH|| sthiratvaM manujAzcetaH zrImato'vantu suuktimt| camatkuryAjjaganne turbhukneSu vRSo nijaH // nityamabhyeyaM saMsarga mahatAM zubhakarmasu / tatA dhIrasthAva vitazrI - bhUpAcchI tatatvarA // manAgapi na saJcAraH kRzeSu mama dhiimtH| prasAdAdahatAM zambadhoraNI syAditi svayam // 28/101-105 ina zlokoM ke pratyeka caraNa ke prathama evaM antima akSaroM ke yoga se nimna vAkya banatA hai jo kavi ke janmasthAna evaM pitA ke nAma kI sUcanA detA hai - "jypurraajyaantrgtraannaavliigraamsthitniimcturbhujnigmsuttriibhuuraamrkRtprbnyo'ym| kavi kA bhUrAmala nAma unake gauravarNa evaM lunAI ko dekhate hue rakhA gayA thA / unakA eka aura nAma thA "zAntikumAra" jo saMbhavataH rAzi ke AdhAra para rakhA gayA thaa|' __ zrI bhUrAmalajI pA~ca bhAI the| bar3e bhAI kA nAma thA chaganalAla / tIna bhAI unase choTe the - gaMgAprasAda, gaurIlAla aura devIdattA' zikSA . zaizavakAla se hI bhUrAmala kI adhyayana meM tIvra ruci thI / unhoMne apane janma sthala meM hI kucAmanavAsI paM0 jinezvaradAsajI se prArambhika, prAthamika, laukika evaM dhArmika zikSA prApta kI, para gA~va meM ucca zikSA prApta na ho sakI / san 1902 [ vikrama saMvat 1. jayodaya uttarArdha, 15-101 2. jainamitra (sAptAhika), muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI kA saMkita paricaya, 28 - 4 - 69, pRTa-253

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 1959] meM unake pitA zrI caturbhuja jI kI mRtyu ho gayI / usa samaya bar3e bhAI kI umra 12 varSa tathA bhUrAmalajI kI 10 varSa thI / pitA ke Akasmika nidhana se ghara kI arthavyavasthA chinna-bhinna ho gaI / phalasvarUpa bar3e bhAI chaganalAla ko jIvikopArjana hetu bAhara jAnA pdd'aa| ve gayA (bihAra) pahu~ce aura vahA~ eka jaina vyavasAyI ke yahA~ kArya karane lage / Age adhyayana kA sAdhana na hone se bhUrAmala jI bhI apane agraja ke samIpa gayA cale gaye aura eka jaina vyavasAyI ke pratiSThAna meM kArya sIkhane lge|' gayA meM jIvana-yApana karate hue lagabhaga eka varSa hI. vyatIta huA thA ki unakA sAkSAtkAra kisI samAroha meM bhAga lene Aye syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya vArANasI (u. pra.) ke chAtroM se huA / unheM dekhakara bhUrAmalajI ke hRdaya meM vArANasI jAkara vidyAdhyayana karane kI tIvra utkaNThA jAgRta huI / unhoMne apanI icchA bar3e bhAI se nivedita kI para Arthika pratikUlatA ke kAraNa bar3e bhAI ne anumati nahIM dI / bhUrAmala jI apanI jJAnapipAsA kA damana karane meM samartha na ho sake aura lagabhaga 15 varSa kI Ayu meM adhyayanArtha vArANasI cale gye| syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya meM pahu~ca kara bhUrAmala jI ne mAtra adhyayana ko hI mahatva diyA / jahA~ Apake anya sAthiyoM kA lakSya parIkSAe~ uttIrNa kara upAdhiyA~ arjita karanA thA, vahA~ ApakA uddezya jJAnArjana karanA hI thA / unakA vicAra thA ki upAdhiyA~ to uttIrNAMka pAne yogya jJAna se bhI arjita kI jA sakatI haiN| yadi upAdhiyoM ko hI lakSya banAyA jAye to jJAna gauNa ho jAvegA / ve jJAnagAmbhIrya kA pramANa kadApi nahIM ho sktii| isI dhAraNA ke phalasvarUpa unhoMne anAvazyaka parIkSAe~ na dekara ahorAtra granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA / svalpakAla meM hI zAstrI stara taka ke sabhI granthoM kA adhyayana pUrNa kara liyA / kvInsa kAleja, kAzI se zAstrI parIkSA uttIrNa kii| syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya se unhoMne saMskRta, saMskRta-sAhitya aura jainadarzana kI ucca zikSA prApta kii| 1. jayodaya pUrvArdha, granyakartA kA paricaya, pRSTha-9 2. DaoN ratanacanda jaina, AcArya jJAnasAgara jI kA jIvana vRtAnta, kartavya-patha-pradarzana, pRSTha-2 3,4(ka) vahI, pRSTha-2 (kha) saMsmaraNa-zrI mAnasAgara jI kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, munisaMgha vyavasthA samiti, nasIrAbAda, pRSTha-2 5. (ka) dayodaya campU, prastAvanA, pRSTha-Da (kha) DaoN. ratanacanda jaina, AcArya jJAnasAgara jI kA jIvana vRtAnta, kartavyapathapradarzana, pRSTha-2

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana nava pravartana usa samaya pAThyakrama meM vyAkaraNa, sAhitya Adi ke jainetara grantha hI nirdhArita the, kyoMki adhikAMza jaina grantha aprakAzita the, ataeva anupalabdha the / phalasvarUpa jaina chAtroM ko jainetara granthoM kA hI adhyayana karanA par3atA thA / isase zrI bhUrAmala jI ko atyanta duHkha hotA thaa| ve socate the ki jaina AcAryoM ne vyAkaraNa, nyAya evaM sAhitya ke advitIya granthoM kI racanA kI hai, kintu hama unheM par3hane ke saubhAgya se vaMcita haiM / yaha pIr3A unake mana meM uthala-puthala macAtI rahatI thii| taba taka jaina - nyAya aura vyAkaraNa ke kucha granya prakAzita ho cuke the| isakA suphala yaha huA ki Apane anya logoM ke sahayoga ke athaka prayala karake una granthoM ko kAzI vizvavidyAlaya aura kalakattA parIkSAlaya ke pAThyakramoM meM sammilita karavA diyA / isa samaya ApakI dRSTi isa tathya para gayI ki jaina vAGmaya meM kAvya aura sAhitya ke granthoM kI nyUnatA hai| ataH Apane saMkalpa kiyA ki adhyayana samApti ke anantara isa nyUnatA ko dUra kareMge / yahA~ yaha bAta ullekhanIya hai ki vArANasI meM Apane vyAkaraNa, nyAya aura sAhitya ke jainAcArya viracita granthoM kA hI adhyayana kiyA / usa samaya syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya meM jitane bhI adhyApaka the, ve sabhI adhikAMzataH brAhmaNa the / ve jaina granthoM ko par3hAne aura prakAza meM lAne kI tIvra icchA thI / ataeva jaise bhI, jisa adhyApaka se bhI saMbhava huA Apane jaina granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA / ' isa samaya mahAvidyAlaya meM paMrita umarAvasiMha jI dharmazAstra ke adhyApaka the, jo bAda meM brahmacarya pratimA dhAraNa kara amacArI mAnAnanda ke nAma se prasiddha hue / unase bhUrAmala jI ko jaina granthoM ke paThana-pAThana ke lie preraNA evaM protsAhana milA / isalie unhoMne apanI racanAoM meM unakA guru rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai - vinAni tu sanmatikamakA yAmitakamahitaM jagati tamAm / guNinaM mAnAnandasuvAsaM ruka tupA pUrtikaraM ko // modaya 28/100 prastuta zloka ke pratyeka caraNa ke prathama akSara ke yoga se "piyAmu" pada banatA hai tathA unakA "mAnAnanda" nAma ullekhita kara bhUrAmala jI ne apane guru ko namana kiyA hai| bhUrAmala jI adhyayanakAla se hI svAvalambI the| viSama paristhitiyoM meM bhI unhoMne kabhI kisI ke Age hAtha nahIM phailAyA / ve sAyaMkAla gaMgA ke ghAToM para gamache beca kara 1. DaoN. ratanacanda jaina, AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI kA jIvana vRttAnta, kartavyapatha pradarzana, pRSTha - 2-3 -

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana svayaM kA kharca calatA the / paM0 zrI kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ke anusAra isa mahAvidyAlaya ke 70 varSa ke itihAsa meM aisI dUsarI misAla dekhane yA sunane ko nahIM milI / ' kArya kSetra __adhyayana samApta kara paNDita bhUrAmala jI zAstrI apane janmasthala rANaulI lauTa Aye / aba unake samakSa kArya kSetra ke cunAva kI samasyA thI / usa samaya ghara kI Arthika sthita ThIka na thI aura anya vidvAn mahAvidyAlaya se nikalate hI savaitanika sevA svIkAra kara rahe the / tathApi unako savaitanika adhyApana kArya karanA ucita pratIta nahIM huA / ataeva ve apane grAma meM raha kara hI vyavasAya dvArA AjIvikA arjita karate hue nisvArtha bhAva se sthAnIya jaina bAlakoM ko zikSA pradAna karane lage / isI bIca unake agraja zrI chaganalAla jI bhI gayA se vApisa A gaye the / ataH donoM bhAIyoM ne milakara vyavasAya prArambha kiyA aura anujoM ke lAlana-pAlana evaM zikSA-dIkSA kA uttaradAyitva nibhAyA / paNDita bhUrAmala jI kI vyAvasAyika yogyatA aura vidvattA dekha kara aneka loga vivAha prastAva lekara Aye / unake bhAIyoM tathA sambandhiyoM ne vivAha karane hetu bahuta Agraha kiyA, kintu Apane vivAha karanA asvIkAra kara diyA / kyoMki Apane adhyayanakAla meM hI AjIvana brahmacArI rahakara sAhitya sarjana evaM pracAra meM hI jIvana vyatIta karane kA saMkalpa kara liyA thaa| sAhitya sRjana kI preraNA zrI bhUrAmala jI ko sAhitya sRjana hetu prerita karane vAle do kAraNa haiM / inameM prathama hai jaina vAGmara meM kAvya aura sAhitya kI nyUnatA evaM aprakAzita honA, aura dvitIya hai adhyayanakAla kI eka ghaTanA / ghaTanA isa prakAra hai - banArasa meM jaba eka dina bhUrAmala jI ne eka jainetara vidvAn ke samIpa pahu~ca kara jaina sAhitya kA adhyayana karAne hetu nivedana kiyA to una vidvAn ne vyaMga karate hue kahA ki "jainiyoM ke yahA~ hai kahA~ aisA sAhitya, jo maiM tumheM par3hAU~?" yaha sunakara kSaNa bhara ko bhUrAmala jI aceta se ho gaye jaise kATha mAra diyA ho kisI ne / zabda bANa kI bhA~ti parde cIrate hue hRdaya taka pahu~ca gaye / usa dina unheM mana meM bar3I TIsa huI / mana hI mana kheda karate hue apanA sA mu~ha lekara vApisa A gye| usI samaya unhoMne dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA ki maiM adhyayanakAla ke uparAnta aise sAhitya kA 1. jayodaya pUrvArdha, granyakartA kA paricaya, pRSTha - 10 2. DaoN. ratanacanda jaina, AcArya zrI mAnasAgarajI kA jIvana vRtAnta, kartavyapatha pradarzana, pRSTha - 3

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana nirmANa karU~gA jise dekhakara jainetara vidvAn bhI "dA~toM tale aMgulI dabA leM / ' sAhitya sarjanA apane saMkalpa ko kArya rUpa dene hetu bhUrAmala jI vyavasAya se udAsIna ho gaye / vyavasAya kA kArya choTe bhAIyoM ko sauMpa kara ve pUrNa rUpeNa adhyayana-adhyApana aura sAhitya-sRjana meM juTa gaye / unhoMne adhyayana aura lekhana ko hI apanI dinacaryA banA liyaa| ve dina meM eka bAra hI zuddha sAttvika bhojana karane lge| isI bIca unako dA~tA (rAmagar3ha) rAjasthAna meM saMskRta adhyApana ke lie bulAyA gayA / ve vahA~ jAkara paramArtha bhAva se adhyApana kArya karane lge| isa prakAra adhyApana evaM adhyayana kArya karate hue saMskRta evaM hindI granthoM kI racanA kara ina bhASAoM ke sAhitya ko vipula samRddhi pradAna kI / unake dvArA racita grantha isa prakAra haiM - AcArya zrImAnasAgara jI ke gandha saMskRta grantha hindI anya sAhitya anya dArzanika grantha 1- jayodaya mahAkAvya 1. samyaktvasAra zataka 2- vIrodaya mahAkAvya 2- pravacanasAra pratirUpaka 3. sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya 4- bhadrodaya mahAkAvya (samudradatta caritra) 5- dayodaya campU kAvya 6- muni manoraJjanAzIti (muktaka kAvya) 7- RSi kaisA hotA hai (muktaka kAvya) sAhitya anya 1- RSabhAvatAra 2- guNasundara vRtAnta 3- bhAgyodaya dArzanika granya 1- jaina vivAha vidhi 2. tatvArthasUtra TIkA 3- kartavyapatha pradarzana 4- vivekodaya 5- sacitta vivecana 6- devAgama stotra kA padyAnuvAda 7- niyamasAra kA padyAnuvAda 8- aSTapAhuDa kA padyAnuvAda 9. pavitra mAnava jIvana 10- svAmI kuMdakuMda aura sanAtana jainadharma 11- mAnava dharma 12- samayasAra tAtparya vRtti TIkA 1. vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara, pRSTha 151-152 2. vIrazAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya, pRSTha - 270 3. bAhubalI sandeza, advitIya zramaNa, pRSTha-36 4. vahI, pRSTha 37 5. kartavyapatha pradarzana, AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI kA jIvana vRttAnta, pRSTha - 4

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana zrI bhUrAmala jI dvArA racita saMskRta kAvya granthoM kI bhASA atyanta praur3ha evaM lakSaNAvyaMjanA, guNa, alaMkAra Adi kAvya guNoM se vibhUSita hai / inameM vibhinna rasoM ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma ke prANabhUta ahiMsA, satya Adi mUla vratoM evaM sAmyavAda, anekAnta, karmavAda Adi Agamika evaM dArzanika viSayoM kA pratipAdana huA hai / ' ye grantha na kevala sAhitya evaM darzana kI apitu saMskRta vAGmaya kI bhI amUlya nidhi haiM / cAritra kI ora kadama isa prakAra adhyayana-adhyApana aura abhinava granthoM kI racanA karate hue jaba bhUrAmala jI kI yuvAvasthA vyatIta huI, taba Apake mana meM cAritra dhAraNa kara Atma kalyANa karane kI antaHsthita bhAvanA balavatI ho uThI / phalasvarUpa bAlabrahmacArI hote hue bhI san 1947 (vikrama saMvat 2004) meM ajamera nagara meM, AcArya zrI vIrasAgara jI mahArAja se vrata rUpa se brahmacarya pratimA dhAraNa kara lii| san 1949 (vikrama saMvat 2006) meM ASAr3ha zuklA aSTamI ko paitRka ghara pUrNatayA tyAga diyA / isa avasthA meM bhI ve nirantara jJAnArAdhana meM saMlagna rahe / unhoMne isI samaya prakAzita hue siddhAnta grantha dhavala, jayadhavala evaM mahAbandha kA vidhivat svAdhyAya kiyaa| cAritra patha para agrasara hote hue 25 aprela, akSaya tRtIyA tithi ko san 1955 meM brahmacArI jI ne mansUrapura (mujaphpharanagara) (u.pra.) meM kSullaka dIkSA grahaNa kI / kucha pratyakSadarziyoM kA kathana hai ki brahmacArI jI ne kSullaka dIkSA pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI pratimA ke samakSa svayameva grahaNa kI / prApta AlekhoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne AcArya zrIvIrasAgara jI ke samIpa kSullaka dIkSA grahaNa kI aura unheM zrI jJAnabhUSaNa nAma diyA gayA / Atma kalyANa ke patha para agrasara hote hue AcArya zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja ke dvArA ailaka ke rUpa meM dIkSita kiye gye| jaba zrI jJAnabhUSaNa jI ne antaraMga nirmalatA meM vRddhi ke phalasvarUpa svayaM ko uccatama 1. DaoN. ratanacanda jaina, AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI kA jIvana vRtAnta, kartavyapatha pradarzana, pRSTha - 5 2. jayodaya pUrvArdha, granyakartA kA paricaya, pRSTha - 21 3. bAhubalI sandeza, pRSTha - 33 4. dayodaya campU, prastAvanA, pRSTha - 21 5. puSpAMjali, AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI kI jIvana dhArA, pRSTha - 4 6. vahI, pRSTha - 4 7. vahI, pRSTha - 4

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana saMyama pAlana meM samartha pAyA taba san 1957 (vikrama saMvat 2014) meM khAniyA~ ( jayapura ) meM AcArya zrI zivasAgara jI mahArAja se prathama muniziSya ke rUpa meM dIkSA grahaNa kI aura muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI ke nAma se prasiddha hue / ' isa samaya bhI muni zrI kI adhyayana ke prati ruci caramasImA para thI / ataeva ve saMghastha brahmacArI, vratiyoM evaM kSullaka Adi ko grantha par3hAte the / adhyApana ke prati ruci dekhakara sahaja hI unako saMgha kA upAdhyAya banA diyA gayA / vayovRddha hote hue bhI dharmaprabhAvanA hetu unhoMne rAjasthAna meM bihAra kiyaa| vahA~ nagara - nagara bhramaNa kara dharmopadeza diyA / unake pravacanoM se prabhAvita hokara aneka logoM ke . jIvana meM dharma kA praveza huA / *8 san 1965 meM muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI ne ajamera nagara meM cAturmAsa kiyA / yahIM para jayodaya kI svopajJa TIkA likhI / 3 tatpazcAt bihAra karate hue ve vyAvara phuNce| unake Agamana se vahA~ kI janatA meM harSa kI lahara daur3a gii| samAja ke Agraha para tIna mAsa taka vyAvara rhe| yahIM para paM0 hIrAlAla jI siddhAnta zAstrI ke prayatnoM se "muni zrI jJAnasAgara granthamAlA" kI sthApanA huI aura muni zrI dvArA racita dayodaya, vIrodaya, jayodaya Adi kAvya granthoM kA prakAzana huA / AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara muni mahArAja ke dvArA jayodaya mahAkAvya kA TIkA sahita saMzodhana rAjasthAna prAnta ke madanagaMja kizanagar3ha nagara meM sthita candraprabha jinAlaya meM kArtika zukla tRtIyA vi. saM. 2028 zukravAra ko kiyA thA / ziSyavRnda muni zrI ke agAdha jJAna evaM prakhara tapa se prabhAvita hokara aneka AtmArthiyoM ne unakA ziSyatva prApta kiyA aura manuSya paryAya ko saphala banAyA / unake pramukha ziSyoM ke nAma haiM -- muni zrI vidyAsAgara jI muni zrI vivekasAgara jI, ailaka zrI sanmatisAgara jI, kSullaka zrI sukhasAgara jI, kSullaka zrI AdisAgara jI, kSullaka zrI vijayasAgara jI, kSullaka sambhavasAgara jI tathA kSullaka zrI svarUpAnanda jI / inameM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI vartamAna yuga ke sarvAdhika labdha khyAta muni haiN| Apane apane guru ke hI sadRzya "mUka mATI" mahAkAvya, narmadA kA narama kaMkara, totA kyoM rotA ? DUbo mata / lagAo DubakI, kAvya zramaNa zataka, bhAvanA zataka, niraJjana zataka, " parISahajaya zataka, sunIti zataka Adi aneka saMskRta evaM hindI zatakoM tathA vibhinna sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai evaM usI meM rata haiN| 1. (a) DaoN. ratanacandra jaina, AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI kA jIvana vRttAMta, kartavya patha pradarzana, pR. 5 (ba) jayodaya pUrvArdha, granthakartA kA paricaya, pRSTha 13 (sa) AcArya jJAnasAgara kA 12vA~ samAdhi divasa, pR. 6 2. vIrodaya mAsika pRSTha - 3 3. bAhubalI sandeza, pRSTha - 35

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana AcArya pada phAlguna kRSNa paMcamI, vi. saM. 2025, zukravAra, 7 pharavarI san 1969 ko nasIrAbAda, jilA ajamera (rAjasthAna) kI jaina samAja ne Apako AcArya pada se alaMkRta kiyA, usI dina muni zrI vivekasAgara jI ne Apase dIkSA grahaNa kI / ___sva - parakalyANa karate hue AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI lagabhaga 80 varSa ke ho gaye, kintu unake adhyayana-adhyApana para avasthA kA koI prabhAva na par3A / unake saMgha meM adhyayana-adhyApana kA kAryakrama vartamAna yuga ke adhyApaka evaM adhyetA ke lie AzcaryakAraka hai| AcArya zrI ke saMgha meM adhyayana kA kAryakrama udAharaNataH grISmakAla meM isa prakAra thA 1- prAtaH 5.30 se. 6.30 taka adhyAtma taraMgiNI aura samayasAra kalaza 2- prAtaH 7 se 8 baje taka prameyaralamAlA / 3- prAtaH 8 se 9 taka samayasAra / 4- prAtaH 10.30 se 11.30 taka aSTasahasrI / 5- madhyAhna 1 se 2 taka kAtantrarUpamAlA vyAkaraNa | 6- madhyAhna 3 se 4 taka paMcAstikAya / 7- sAyaM 4 se 5 taka paMcatantra / 8- sAyaM 5 se 6 taka jainendra vyAkaraNa / ' mahAkavi AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI kA hastalekha sundara evaM spaSTa thA / ve AcArya pada para AsIna hote hue bhI khyAti, lAbha Adi se pUrNarUpeNa dUra rahate the / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake samAdhimaraNa ke pazcAt jayodaya mahAkAvya kI svopajJa TIkA [pUrvArddha evaM uttarArdha do bhAgoM meM ] tathA muni manoraMjanAzIti [ muni manoraMjana zataka prakAzita ho sake haiN| cAritra cakravartI pada san 1972 meM AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI kA cAturmAsa nasIrAbAda meM huA / yahIM para AcArya zrI se 20 akTUbara 1972 ko svarUpAnandajI ne kSullaka dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| isa avasara para jaina samAja ne Apako cAritra cakravartI pada se sambodhita kara apanA zraddhAtireka evaM pragAr3ha bhaktibhAva abhivyakti kiyA / 2 1. jaina siddhAnta (mAsika) julAI 1970, pRSTha - 3 2. DaoN. ratanacanda jaina, AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI kA jIvana vRttAnta, kartavyapatha pradarzana, pRSTha - 5

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10 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana samAdhimaraNa jJAna evaM tapa meM yuvA AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI kA zarIra vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa kramazaH kSINa hone lagA / gaThiyA ke kAraNa sabhI jor3oM meM apAra pIr3A hone lagI / isa sthiti meM unhoMne svayaM ko AcArya pada kA nirvAha karane meM asamartha pAyA aura jainAgama ke niyamAnusAra AcArya pada kA parityAga kara sallekhanA vrata grahaNa karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kiyaa| apane saMkalpa ko kAryarUpa meM pariNati karane hetu unhoMne nasIrAbAda meM magasira kRSNa dUja vi. saM. 2029, budhavAra, 22 navambara 1972 ko lagabhaga 25000 janasamudAya ke samakSa apane yogyatama ziSya muni zrI vidyAsAgara jI se nivedana kiyA- "yaha nazvara zarIra dhIre-dhIre kSINa hotA jA rahA hai, maiM aba AcArya pada chor3akara pUrNarUpeNa AtmakalyANa meM laganA cAhatA huuN| jainAgama ke anusAra aisA karanA Avazyaka aura ucita hai, ataH maiM apanA AcArya pada tumheM sauMpatA hU~ / " AcArya zrI ke ina zabdoM kI sahajatA evaM saralatA tathA unake asImita mArdava guNase muni zrI vidyAsAgara jI dravita ho uThe / taba AcArya zrI ne unheM apane karttavya, guru-sevA, bhakti aura Agama kI AjJA kA smaraNa karAkara susthira kiyA / uccAsana kA tyAga kara usa para muni zrI vidyAsAgara jI ko virAjita kiyA / zAstrokta vidhi se AcArya pada pradAna karane kI prakriyA sampanna kI / anantara svayaM nIce ke Asana para baiTha gye| unakI moha evaM mAnamardana kI adbhuta parAkASThA carama sImA para pahu~ca gayI / aba muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI ne apane AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI se atyanta vinayapUrvaka nivedana kiyA "bho gurudeva ! kRpAM kuru / ' he gurudeva ! maiM ApakI sevA meM samAdhi grahaNa karanA cAhatA hU~ / mujha para anugraha kareM / " AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ne atyanta zraddhAvihvala avasthA meM unako sallekhanA vrata grahaNa karAyA / muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI sallekhanA vrata kA pAlana karane ke lie kramazaH anna, phaloM ke rasa evaM jala kA parityAga karane lage / 28 maI 1973 ko AhAra kA pUrNa rUpeNa tyAga kara diyA / ve pUrNa nirAkula hokara samatA bhAva se tattva cintana karate hue AtmaramaNa meM lIna rahate ! AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI, ailaka sanmatisAgara jI evaM kSullaka svarUpAnandajI 1. puSpAMjali pRSTha- 8

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11 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana nirantara apane pUrva AcArya ke samIpa rahakara tanmayatA va tatparatA se sevA karate, sambodhita karate the| __ jyeSTha kRSNA amAvasyA, 1 jUna 1973 kA dina, samAdhimaraNa kA pATha cala rahA thA / cAroM ora parama zAnti thI / "OM namaH siddhebhyaH" kA uccAraNa hRdayatantrI ko jhaMkRta kara rahA thaa| usI samaya AtmalIna muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI ne prAtaH 10 bajakara 50 miniTa para pArthiva deha kA parityAga kara diyA / ' : sarjanA : mahAkavi ne saMskRta evaM hindI bhASA meM aneka granthoM kA sRjana kara ina bhASAoM ke sAhitya bhaNDAra ko samRddha kiyA hai / unakI yazasvI lekhanI se prasUta sAhitya isa prakAra saMskRta sAhitya (ka) mahAkAvya - (1) jayodaya, (2) vIrodaya, (3) sudarzanodaya tathA (4) bhadrodaya [samudradatta caritra / (kha) campU kAvya - dayodaya campU / (ga) muktaka kAvya - (1) munimanoraJjanAzIti, (2) RSi kaisA hotA hai, . (3) samyaktvasAra zataka / (gha) chAyAnuvAda - pravacanasAra pratirUpaka / hindI sAhitya (ka) mahAkAvya- (1) RSabhAvatAra, (2) bhAgyodaya, (3) guNasundara vRttAnta / (kha) gadya -- (1) kartavyapatha pradarzana, (2) mAnava dharma (3) sacitta vivecana, (4) svAmI kundakunda aura sanAtana jaina dhrm| (ga) padya - (1) pavitra mAnava jIvana, (2) sarala jaina vivAha vidhi (gha) TIkA grantha - tattvArthadIpikA (tatvArtha sUtra para) . (Ga) anuvAda -- (1) vivekodaya (samayasAra kA padyAnuvAda), (2) devAgama stotra kA padyAnuvAda, (3) niyamasAra kA padyAnuvAda, (4) aSTapAhuDa kA padyAnuvAda, (5) samayasAra tAtparyavRtti kA hindI anuvAda 1. bAhubalI sandeza, pRSTha - 16

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12 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana saMskRta kRtiyA~ japodaya mahAkAvya ____ aTThAisa sargoM vAlA yaha vizAla mahAkAvya hai|' isa mahAkAvya kA sArAMza agrima sarga meM diyA jaavegaa| vIrodaya mahAkAvya mahAkavi bhUrAmalajI ne vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA jIvanacaritra prastuta kiyA hai / isa kAvya meM bAIsa sarga haiM / pratyeka sarga kA saMkSipta kathya isa prakAra hai ____kAvya ke prathama sarga meM mahAkavi bhUrAmala jI ne mahAvIra ke janma se pUrva bhArata kI sAmAjika evaM dhArmika durdazA kA mArmika citraNa kiyA hai / dvitIya sarga meM batalAyA gayA hai ki bhAratavarSa ke chaha khaNDa haiN| inameM AryakhaNDa sarvottama hai / isI Arya khaNDa meM svargApama videha deza hai / isa deza meM kuNDanapura nAmaka nagara sarvAdhika samRddhazAlI hai| tRtIya sarga meM kuNDanapura ke zAsaka siddhArtha evaM rAnI priyakAriNI ke rUpa-saundarya, guNavaiziSTya Adi kA manohArI citraNa huA hai| caturtha sarga meM kavi ne AnandadAyaka pAvasa Rtu kA varNana kiyA hai / isI Rtu ke sukhada vAtAvaraNa meM eka dina rAtri ke antima prahara meM rAnI priyakAriNI solaha svapna dekhatI hai| ina solaha svapnoM meM ve nimnalikhita vastuyeM dekhatI haiM - airAvata hAthI, vRSabha, siMha, gajoM ke dvArA abhiSeka kI jAtI lakSmI, do mAlAeM jina para mAra guMjana kara rahe haiM, candramA, sUrya, jala se paripUrNa do kalaza, jala meM kIr3A karatI huI do machaliyA~, eka hajAra ATha kamaloM se yukta sarovara, samudra, siMhAsana, devavimAna, mandira, ratnoM kI rAzi evaM nidhUma-agni / prAtaHkAla ve apane pati se svapnoM kA artha pUchatI haiM / ve svapna meM dRzyamAn pratyeka vastu kA pRthak-pRthak artha batalAte haiM, jisakA sArAMza yaha hai ki tumhAre garbha se eka aisA putra avatarita hogA jo dhIra, vIra, gambhIra, guNavAn, mahAdAnI evaM jagat kA priya hogA / 1. (a) isa grantha kA dUsarA nAma sulocanA svayaMvara bhI hai / jayodaya. 28/108 (ba) isa grantha kA sRjana zrAvaNa sudI pUrNimA, vikrama saMvat 1983 (san 1926) ko huA thA / jayodaya 28/109

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13 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana vaha tIrthaMkara bana kara sva-para kA kalyANa karegA / rAnI yaha sunakara ati harSita hotI hai| vardhamAna ke garbha meM Ane para svarga se AyIM chappanakumArI deviyA~ mAtA kI nirantara sevA karatI haiM / ve unakA manoraMjana karane ke sAtha hI aneka praznoM ko pU~chakara apane jJAna kA saMvardhana karatI haiM / ise sarala subodha bhASA meM paMcama sarga meM kavi ne spaSTa kiyA hai / ___SaSTha sarga meM trizalAdevI kI garbhakAlika dazA kA citraNa hai evaM basanta Rtu ke saundarya kA AlaMkArika varNana pAThakoM ko rasa vibhora kara detA hai| saptama sarga meM bAlaka vardhamAna ke janma evaM janmotsava kA varNana hai / janma ke samaya svarga se indrAdi devagaNoM ke Agamana kA, indrANI dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM kA, sumeruparvata para kSIrasAgara ke jala se kumAra vardhamAna ke abhiSeka Adi kA sajIva varNana kiyA gayA hai / ___aSTama sarga meM kavi ne vardhamAna kI bAlalIlAoM aura kumAra krIr3AoM kA varNana kiyA hai / isI sarga meM batalAyA gayA hai ki bAlaka vardhamAna kumAra avasthA pAra kara yuvA ho jAte haiM / rAjA siddhArtha apane putra vardhamAna ke samakSa vivAha kA prastAva rakhate haiM / para ve use asvIkAra kara dete haiM / yaha ghaTanA unakI janmajAta lokoddhAraka manovRtti kI ghotaka navama sarga meM vardhamAna saMsAra kI durdazA viSayaka cintana karate haiM / unake hRdaya meM saMsArI prANiyoM kI tAtkAlika sthiti ko dekhakara jo vicAra utpanna hote haiM, ve atyanta mArmika evaM hRdayadrAvaka haiM / yuvA vardhamAna svArthalipsA, hiMsA, adharma, vyabhicAra Adi samAja meM pala rahI sabhI prakAra kI burAiyoM ko dUra karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya karate haiM / isI samaya zarada Rtu kA Agamana hotA hai| dazama sarga meM vardhamAna ke vairAgya evaM tapakalyANa kA manohArI varNana huA hai| Rtu parivartana se vardhamAna ko saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA jJAna hotA hai jisase unameM vairAgyabhAva udita ho jAtA hai| svarga se laukAntika deva Akara unake vairAgyabhAva kA anumodana karate haiM / vairAgyarasa meM page hue vardhamAna gRha-saMsAra kA parityAga kara vana meM jAte haiM / vahA~ vastrAbhUSaNa tyAga kara paJcamuSTi kezaluJca karate haiM aura digambara dIkSA aMgIkAra kara lete ekAdaza sarga meM batalAyA gayA hai ki tapasyA karate hue unheM apane pUrva-janmoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / isa ghaTanA se unheM saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa samajha meM AtA hai aura usase bacane ke lie bAhya parigrahAdi evaM Antarika mada-matsarAdi durbhAvoM kA parityAga karanA Avazyaka mAnate haiN|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana dvAdaza sarga meM grISma Rtu kA AlaMkArika bhASA meM manorama citraNa kiyA gayA hai| isI Rtu vaizAkha zuklA 'dazamI ke dina muni mahAvIra ko kaivalyajJAna prApta hotA hai / isake prabhAva se dasa atizaya prakaTa hote haiM / indrAdi devagaNa svarga se Ate haiM aura samavazaraNa sabhAmaNDapa kA nirmANa karate haiM / 14 trayodazasarga meM samavazaraNa sabhA kI racanA kA vizada citraNa hai| tIrthaMkara bhagavAn samavazaraNa ke madhya gandhakuTI meM kamalAsana se cAra aMgula Upara antarikSa meM virAjate haiM / vahA~ ATha prAtihArya aura caudaha devakRta atizaya prakaTa hote haiM / veda-vedAMga kA jJAtA indrabhUti gautama brAhmaNa nagaranivAsiyoM evaM svarga ke devagaNoM ko samavazaraNa sabhA meM jAte dekhatA hai / vaha bhI vahA~ pahu~catA hai aura sabhA dekhakara Azcaryacakita ho jAtA hai / tIrthaMkara ke samIpa Ate hI gautama kA ahaMkAra naSTa hotA hai| vaha unakA ziSyatva svIkAra kara letA hai / isI samaya usake nimitta se bhagavAn kI divyadezanA prArambha hotI hai / bhagavAn satya, ahiMsA, tyAga Adi kA upadeza dete haiM / caturdazasarga meM batalAyA gayA hai ki indrabhUti gautama ke sabhI ziSya tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA ziSyatva aMgIkAra karate haiM / isa sarga meM pradhAnatayA tIrthaMkara ke gyAraha gaNadhara, unake janmasthAna, mAtA-pitA, parivAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmopadeza se sabhI jIva apanA baira virodha bhUlakara hita cintana meM rata hote haiM / indrabhUti gautama gaNadhara tIrthaMkara kI vANI ko pUrNarUpeNa grahaNakara dvAdazAMga rUpa meM vibhAjita karate haiM / mAgadha jAti ke deva usa vANI ko prasArita karate / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko samajha kara prAyaH sabhI jainadharma svIkAra kara lete sarga kA vivecya hai / / yaha paMcadaza SoDaza sarga meM mahAvIra ke loka kalyANakArI upadezoM ahiMsA, satya, sAmyavAda, syAdvAda Adi kA hRdayasparzI varNana huA hai| saptadaza sarga meM mAnavatA kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| "mAnava Atmonnati kisa prakAra kara sakatA hai," isa viSaya kA sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai| aSTAdazasarga meM kavi ne satayuga kA vaiziSTya nirUpita kiyA hai| anantara samaya kI zakti kI balavattA pratipAdita kI gayI hai| samaya ke prabhAva se satayuga tretAyuga meM pariNata hotA hai / isa samaya bharata kSetra meM caudaha kulakara janma lete haiN| inameM antima kulakara

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana nAbhirAya hue / jinakI rAnI marudevI se putraratna kI prApti hotI hai / isa putra kA nAma ve RSabhadeva rakhate haiM / karmabhUmi kA Arambha hone para yahI rAjA RSabhadeva prajA ko asi, masi, kRSi Adi SaTkarmoM kI zikSA dete haiM / isa sarga meM gRhastha dharma evaM munidharma kA vivecana bhI huA hai| ekonaviMza sarga meM kavi ne syAdvAda, saptabhaMga, anekAntaM, SaDdravyoM ke svarUpa, jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda Adi gUr3ha dArzanika tatvoM kA sarala bhASA meM vivecana kara use hRdayaMgama banA diyA hai| viMzatitama sarga meM aneka yuktiyoM dvArA atIndriya jJAna kA astitva evaM usake dhAraka sarvajJa kI siddhi kI gaI hai / zaradaRtu kA varNana evaM kArtika kRSNA caturdarzI ko rAtri ke antima prahara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko mokSa prApta honA ekaviMza sarga kA patipAdya hai| . . antima dvAviMza sarga meM batalAyA gayA hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke anantara jainadharma kI sthiti pUrvavat nahIM rahatI / usameM aneka bheda -prabheda banane lagate haiM / jaina dharma kA hrAsa hone lagatA hai jisase kavi ko hArdika duHkha pahu~catA hai / anta meM kavi apanI laghutA nivedita karate hue maMgalakAmanA karate haiM -- nIti:rodayasyeyaM sphuradrItizca dehine / vardhatAM kSemamArogyaM vAtsalyaM zraddhayA jine // 22/43 // prastuta mahAkAvya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke brahmacarya evaM tapasyA para AdhArita hai / kavi ne kAvya ke mAdhyama se brahmacarya evaM cAritrika dRr3hatA kI zikSA dI hai / kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se yaha uccakoTi kA mahAkAvya hai / isa kAvya kA nAyaka vIra, ativIra hI nahIM, mahAvIra hai / kAvya kA mahaduddezya niHzreyas kI prApti hai / kavi ne vibhinna rasoM evaM prakRti Adi kA manohArI citraNa kiyA hai / jIvana ke vividha pakSoM kA udghATana kara mahaccAritra kI pratiSThA kI hai| isa prakAra yaha mahAkAvya to hai hI, isameM jaina itihAsa aura purAtatva ke darzana bhI hote haiM / dharma ke svarUpa kA varNana hone se yaha dharmazAstra bhI hai / syAdvAda aura anekAnta kA vivecana hone se nyAyazAstra hai / aneka zabdoM kA saMgraha hone se yaha zabdakoza bhI hai / saMkSepa meM isa kAvya kA adhyayana karane para mahAvIra caritra ke sAtha jainadharma aura darzana kA paricaya bhI prApta hotA hai / kAvyasudhA kA AsvAdana to sahaja hotA hI hai /

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16 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana isalie kavi ne svayaM isa kAvya ko "triviSTapaM kAvyamupaimyahantuM" kaha kara sAkSAt svarga mAnA hai| sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya kavi bhUrAmalajI dvArA racita isa kAvya meM brahmacarya ke lie prasiddha seTha sudarzana ke caritra kA varNana hai / isa kAvya meM nau sarga haiM / kAvya kI kathAvastu isa prakAra hai - aMgadeza kI campApurI nagarI meM dhAtrIvAhana nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma abhayamatI thA / vaha atyanta rUpavatI kintu kuTila svabhAva kI thI / isI nagara meM zreSThivarya bRSabhadAsa nivAsa karatA thA / usakI patnI kA nAma jinamati thA / vaha suzIla evaM rUpavatI thI / eka bAra rAtri ke antima prahara meM vaha pA~ca svapna dekhatI hai - jinameM use kramazaH sumeru parvata, kalpavRkSa, motiyoM se paripUrNa samudra, nidhUma agni evaM AkAza meM bihAra karatA huA vimAna dikhAI detA hai / prAtaHkAla vaha apane pati ke sAtha jinamandira jAtI hai / vahA~ virAjamAna muni se apane svapnoM kA abhiprAya pUchatI hai / munirAja vRSabhadAsa ko batalAte haiM ki tumhArI bhAryA honahAra putra ko janma degI / ye svapna usa putra ke guNadharmoM kA saMketa karate haiM / tumhArA putra sumeru ke samAna ati dhIra hogA, kalpavRkSa ke tulya dAnavIra, samudra jaisA guNaratnoM kA bhaNDAra tathA vimAna ke samAna svargavAsI devoM kA ballabha (priya) hogA / anta meM nirdhUma agni kI taraha karmarUpa IMdhana ko bhasmasAt kara mokSa prApta kregaa| munirAja kI uttama vANI sunakara ve ati prasanna hote haiM / nava mAsa vyatIta hone para jinamati ke uttama lakSaNoM se yukta putra utpanna hotA hai / mAtA-pitA putra kA nAma sudarzana rakhate haiM / use sabhI prakAra kI zikSA dI jAtI hai / - isI nagara meM "sAgaradatta" nAmaka vaizyapati rahatA thaa| usake ati sundara manoramA nAma kI putrI thI / sudarzana aura manoramA eka dUsare ko dekhate haiM aura anurakta ho jAte haiN| unake mAtA -pitA donoM kA vivAha kara dete haiM / isake bAda bRSabhadAsa jinadIkSA dhAraNa kara tapa karane lagate haiN| eka bAra rAjapurohita brAhmaNa kI patnI kapilA rAjamArga se jAte hue sudarzana ko dekhakara usa para mohita ho jAtI hai / vaha dUtI ke dvArA pati ke asvastha hone ke bahAne sudarzana ko ghara bulAtI hai / usase apanI kAmavAsanA pUrNa karane ke lie kahatI hai / taba catura sudarzana svayaM ko napuMsaka batA kara usase chuTakArA prApta karatA hai|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 17 eka bAra vasanta Rtu meM sabhI nagara nivAsI vanakrIr3A ke liye jAte haiM / rAnI abhayamatI bhI apanI dhAya aura rAjapurohita kI patnI kapilA ke sAtha vanakrIr3A ke lie jAtI hai / va ' meM eka sundara bAlaka ke sAtha sudarzana kI patnI manoramA ko dekhatI hai / rAnI, kapilA se usake viSaya meM pUchatI hai taba kapilA tiraskAra ke sAtha kahatI hai - "kahIM napuMsaka ke bhI putra hote haiM ?" rAnI ke pUchane para kapilA Apa bItI kahAnI rAnI ko sunA detI hai / ha~sate hue rAnI kahatI hai arI kapile, sudarzana ne tujhe mUrkha banAyA hai / taba apanI jheMpa miTAtI huI kapilA bolI yadi aisI bAta hai to Apa sudarzana ko apane vaza meM kara caturAI kA paricaya dIjiye / rAnI usakI bAta svIkAra kara letI hai / vanakrIr3A se vApisa Akara rAnI apanA abhiprAya paMDitA dhAya se kahatI hai / dhAya rAnI ko bahuta samajhAtI hai para vaha apanI jida para ar3a jAtI hai / anta meM dhAya manuSya ke AkAra ke miTTI ke putale banavAtI hai / rAtri meM eka putale ko vastra se Dhakakara rAjabhavana meM le jAtI hai / vaha dvArapAla ke rokane para bhI nahIM rukatI / dvArapAla kA dhakkA khAkara putale ko jamIna para paTaka kara rone lagatI hai aura kahatI hai - aba mahArAnI putale ke darzana kiye binA pAraNA kaise kareMgI ? usakI bAta sunakara bhayabhIta dvArapAla apanI bhUla kI kSamA mA~gatA hai / apanA mArga nirvighna samajhakara vaha dhAya pratidina rAtri meM eka putalA rAjabhavana meM lAtI hai / AThaveM dina vaha sAkSAt sudarzana seTha ko zmazAna meM dhyAna karate samaya apanI pITha para lAda kara aura vastra se Dhakakara rAnI ke mahala meM le AtI hai| rAnI sudarzana ko dekhakara prasanna hotI hai| vaha rAta bhara sudarzana ko caritra se vicalita karane ke aneka prayala karatI hai / para vaha pASANa mUrti ke samAna acala rahatA hai| subaha hone para apane kalaMkita hone ke bhaya se rAnI sudarzana para apane satItva haraNa ke prayala kA Aropa lagA kara bandI banavA detI hai / rAjA sudarzana ko prANadaNDa kI AjJA dete haiN| cANDAla sudarzana ko zmasAna meM le jAkara jaise hI una para talavAra kA prahAra karatA hai vaha unake gale meM puSpahAra ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai / devagaNa sudarzana ke zIlavrata kI prazaMsA karate hue puSpavarSA karate haiM / yaha sunakara rAjA sudarzana ke pAsa Akara apanI bhUla kI kSamA mA~gatA hai aura use apanA rAjya bheMTa karatA hai / taba sudarzana kahatA hai - rAjan ! isameM ApakA doSa nahIM hai| yaha mere pUrvakRta karma kA phala hai / maiMne paMDitA dhAya ke dvArA rAjamahala meM lAye jAte samaya pratijJA kara lI thI ki yadi maiM isa vipatti se baca gayA to munidIkSA grahaNa kara lUMgA / ataH rAjya svIkAra karane meM asamartha hU~ / sudarzana munidIkSA grahaNa kara letA hai / usakI palI manoramA bhI AryikA bana jAtI hai|

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18.. jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana . idhara jaba rAnI ko apanA rahasya khulane kI bAta jJAta hotI hai to vaha phA~sI lagAkara AtmahatyA kara letI hai / mRtyu ke bAda vaha vyaMtarI devI banatI hai / paMDitA dhAya rAjA ke bhaya se bhAga kara pATaliputra kI prasiddha vaizyA devadattA kI zaraNa meM jAtI hai / vahA~ vaha apanI sArI kahAnI sunAkara kahatI hai - isa saMsAra meM sudarzana hI sarvAMga sundara puruSa hai, jise koI bhI strI DigAne meM samartha nahIM hai / yaha sunakara devadattA bolI - eka bAra yadi vaha mere jAla meM phaMsa gayA to bacakara nahIM nikala sakatA / ___ sudarzana munirAja bihAra karate hue eka dina gocarI ke lie pATaliputra nagara meM padhArate haiM / unako Ate dekhakara paMDitA dhAya devadattA ko saMketa kara apanA camatkAra dikhAne ke lie prerita karatI hai / yaha sunakara devadattA apanI dAsI ko bhejakara unheM bhojana ke lie par3agAhatI hai / munirAja ko ghara ke andara lA kara vaha saba daravAje banda kara apane hAva-bhAva dikhAtI hai / kintu usake vacanoM aura ceSTAoM kA kASThanirmita mAnava putale ke samAna muni sudarzana para koI asara nahIM par3atA / vaizyA kI tIna dina taka kI gaI sabhI ceSTAyeM niSphala rahatI haiM / taba vaha ati Azcarya se unakI prazaMsA karatI hai / apane aparAdha kI kSamA mA~gakara svayaM ke uddhAra ke lie nivedana karatI hai / munirAja devadattA ke sadbhAva dekhakara sadupadeza dvArA kalyANa kA mArga samajhAte haiM / tatpazcAt mahAmunirAja sudarzana zmasAna meM jAkara kAyotsarga dhAraNa kara AtmadhyAna meM nimagna ho jAte haiM / eka samaya vyantarI devI (pUrva janma kI rAnI abhayamatI) AkAzamArga se vihAra karatI huI jAtI hai / mArga meM dhyAnastha sudarzana ko dekhate hI use apanA pUrvabhava yAda A jAtA hai / vaha badalA lene kI bhAvanA se una para sAta dina taka ghora upasarga karatI hai parantu unheM dhyAna se vicalita nahIM kara pAtI / cAra ghAtiyA karmoM ke kSaya hone se munirAja ko kevalajJAna prApta hotA hai / deva ATha prAtihAryoM kI racanA karate haiN| sabhI unakI pUjA vandanA karane Ate haiM / devadattA, paMDitA dhAya tathA vyaMtarI devI bhI unakI vandanA hetu AtI haiM / munirAja ke upadeza sunakara sabhI apane yogya vrata Adi dhAraNa karate haiM / sudarzana kevalI karmoM kA kSaya kara mokSa jAte haiN| isa prakAra nau sargoM vAlA yaha mahAkAvya brahmacaryaniSThA kA jIvanta udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai / isakA nAyaka sudarzana zreSThI dhIrodAtta hai / vaidarbhI rIti se pravahamAna isa kAvya pravAha meM sahRdayoM ke mAnasa-mIna vilAsapUrvaka unmajjana-nimajjana karane lagate haiM / anuprAsa, zleSa, upamA, uThokSA, rUpaka, virodhAbhAsa Adi alaMkAra ise vibhUSita karate haiM / mahAkAvya

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ke anukUla nagaravarNana, nAyikA varNana, nisarga varNana, rAjyavarNana Adi sahajarUpa se isa kAvya meM yathAsthAna prasaMgAnusAra gUMthe gaye haiM / isameM jaina AcAra aura darzana ke siddhAnta kAntAsami zailI meM piroye gaye haiM / prastuta kAvya meM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA hai / zRMgAra, karuNa Adi anya rasa isake sahAyaka haiN| sAhitya java saMgIta se sampRkta hotA hai taba usakI ramaNIyatA dviguNita ho jAtI hai / isa kRti meM vibhinna rAga-rAganiyoM meM nibaddha padya bhI haiM, jaise - prabhAtI, rasikanAmarAga, kAphIholikArAga, zyAmakalyANarAga, sAraMgarAga, saurASTrIyarAga, kabbAlI Adi / aisI vizeSatAyeM anya kAvyoM meM prAyaH durlabha hotI haiM / bhadrodaya isakA aparanAma "samudradattacarita" hai / yaha aisA kAvya hai jisameM mahAkAvya aura caritakAvya donoM kI vizeSatAyeM sAtha-sAtha dRSTigocara hotI haiM / nau sargoM vAle isa kAvya meM satya dharma ke pAlana se bhadradatta ke udaya arthAt usake AtmA se paramAtmA bana jAne kA varNana hai tathA isake adhyayana se AtmapariNAma bhI bhadra hote haiM, ataH isakA "bhadrodaya" nAma sArthaka hai| prastuta kAvya ke prathama cAra sargoM meM mahAkavi ne bhadradatta ke vartamAna janma tathA antima pA~ca sargoM meM bhAvI janmoM kA varNana kara AtmA se paramAtmA banane kI vidhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai | kathAnaka isa prakAra hai - bhAratavarSa meM zrIpadmakhaNDa nAmaka nagara hai / vahA~ sudatta nAmaka vaizya evaM usakI sumitrA nAmaka patnI ko putrarala kI prApti hotI hai, jisakA nAma ve bhadramitra rakhate haiM / vaha apane nAma ke anurUpa hI sarala pariNAmI, rUpavAn evaM guNavAn thA / vaha mitroM kI salAha se unake sAtha dhanArjana hetu raladvIpa jAtA hai / vahA~ vaha sAta ratna krayakara siMhapura pahu~catA usa samaya siMhapura kA zAsaka siMhasena thA / usakI rAnI kA nAma rAmadattA thA / rAjA ke mantrI kA nAma zrIbhUti thA / usane apane gale meM Dale hue yajJopavIta meM eka cAkU isalie bA~dha rakhA thA ki yadi vaha kabhI bhUla se jhUTha bola gayA to usI cAkU se apanA prANAnta kara legA / isa kArya ke kAraNa vaha "satyaghoSa' nAma se prasiddha ho jAtA hai /

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana siMhapura nagara ke saundarya se AkarSita hokara evaM satyaghoSa kI satyavAditA se prabhAvita hokara bhadramitra saparivAra vahIM rahane kA nizcaya karatA hai / vaha satyaghoSa ke samIpa sAta rala dharohara ke rUpa meM rakha kara mAtA-pitA ko lene jAtA hai / vApisa Akara vaha satyaghoSa se apane ratna mA~gatA hai / para satyaghoSa use pahacAnane evaM ratna diye jAne kI bAta asvIkAra karatA hai / bhadramitra apanI bAta ko pramANita karane kA prayAsa karatA hai para asaphala hotA hai / rAja darabAra meM bhI use nyAya nahIM mila pAtA / nyAya na milane se nirAza bhadramitra pratidina sabere eka vRkSa para car3hakara satyaghoSa kI jhUThI kIrti kI nindA karatA evaM usakI pratiSThA naSTa hone kA zApa detA hai / bhadramitra ke pratidina ke vilApa ko sunakara eka dina rAnI rAmadattA, rAjA se kahatI hai - yaha puruSa pratidina satyaghoSa kI nindA karatA hai, isameM kucha rahasya avazya hai, jise maiM jJAta karU~gI / saMyoga se tabhI zrIbhUti mantrI vahA~ AtA hai / rAnI usake sAtha zataraMja khelatI hai tathA zIghra hI parAjita kara usake gale kA cAkU, yajJopavIta evaM mudrikA jIta letI hai / aba rAnI dAsI ko ye tInoM vastuyeM dekara use satyaghoSa ke ghara se paradezI ke ratna lAne kA Adeza detI hai / catura dAsI ina vastuoM ke pramANa dvArA bhadramitra ke ratnoM kI piTArI lAkara rAnI ko sauMpa detI hai| rAnI ve ratna rAjA ko de detI hai / rAjA unameM anya ratna milA detA hai aura bhadramitra se kahatA hai ki tuma inameM se apane rala le lo / bhadramitra unameM se apane ratnoM ko uThA letA hai / rAjA usakI satya-niSThA se prabhAvita ho rAjazreSThI pada se sammAnita karatA hai| satyaghoSa ko mantrI pada se haTA kara kaThora daNDa dete haiM / apamAnita hone ke kAraNa satyaghoSa ArtadhyAna se mara kara rAjA ke khajAne meM sarpa banatA hai / bhadramitra ke pariNAmoM se nirmalatA bar3hatI hai / vaha apanI sampatti kA adhikAMza bhAga dAna kara detA hai / usakI lobhI mA~ ke rokane para bhI usameM koI parivartana nahIM aataa| putra kI dAnazIlatA se ruSTa mAtA kI ArtadhyAna pUrvaka mRtyu ho jAtI hai aura vaha vyAghrI kA janma dhAraNa karatI hai / eka dina vaha apane pUrva janma ke putra bhadramitra kA hI bhakSaNa kara letI hai / zAntapariNAmI bhadramitra hI rAjA siMhasena evaM rAnI rAmadattA ke yahA~ siMhacandra putra ke rUpa meM janma letA hai / usakA pUrNacandra nAmaka anuja thA / rAjA siMhasena kI mRtyu ke anantara rAnI AryikA dIkSA grahaNa kara letI hai / kucha samaya bAda pUrNavidhu munivara kA satsamAgama milane para siMhacandra munivrata dhAraNa karate haiM / ve

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana Ayu pUrNa kara antima graiveyaka svarga meM ahamindra banate haiM / svarga meM apanI Ayu pUrNakara cakrapura nagara ke zAsaka aparAjita evaM rAnI sundarI ke yahA~ cakrAyudha putra ke rUpa meM janma lete haiM / dhUmadhAma se cakrAyudha kA janmotsava manAyA jAtA hai / yuvA hone para pA~ca hajAra kanyAoM se inakA vivAha hotA hai / inameM citramAlA pramukha rAnI thii| pitA ke dIkSA lene para cakrAyudha rAjyakArya saMbhAlate haiM / eka samaya darpaNa meM mukha dekhate samaya cakrAyudha kI dRSTi mastaka ke zveta keza para par3atI hai| jisase unameM vairAgyabhAva jAgarita hotA hai / ve apane putra ko rAjya bhAra sauMpa kara aparAjita munivara se jinadIkSA aMgIkAra kara lete haiM aura tapa dvArA karmoM kA kSaya kara mokSa prApta karate haiM / ____ prastuta kAvya mahAkAvyocita garimA se yukta hai / dArzanikoM evaM kAvyazAstriyoM ko santuSTa karane vAlA yaha kAvya saMskRta sAhitya kI amUlya nidhi hai / dayodaya cammU gadya-padya meM racita isa kRti meM sAta lamba haiM / isameM dhIvara kI kathA dvArA ahiMsAvrata kA mAhAtmya darzAyA gayA hai| ujjayinI nagara meM vRSabhadatta rAjA rAjya karatA thA / vRSabhadatta ke rAjya meM guNapAla nAmaka rAjazreSThI thA / eka bAra guNapAla zreSThI ke dvAra para jhUThe bartana rakhe the| eka sundara bAlaka (somadatta) una bartanoM meM par3I jUThana se apanI kSudhA zAnta kara rahA thA / usI samaya eka munirAja apane ziSya ke sAtha vahA~ se nikalate haiM / usa bAlaka ko dekhakara ve ziSya se kahate haiM - yaha bAlaka guNapAla kA jAmAtA hogA / munirAja use pUrva janma kA vRttAnta batalAte haiM - avantI pradeza meM ziprA nadI ke kinAre zizapA nagarI meM mRgasena dhIvara rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma ghaNTA thA / eka bAra vaha jAla lekara machaliyA~ pakar3ane jA rahA thaa| mArga meM avantI pArzvamandira meM munirAja ke darzana karatA hai aura unase dharma kA upadeza sunatA hai / vaha unake upadeza se prabhAvita ho AtmoddhAra kA mArga pUchatA hai aura jAla meM AyI pahalI machalI ko jIvita chor3ane kA niyama letA hai / mRgasena niyama lekara nadI taTa para jAtA hai aura pAnI meM jAla DAlatA hai / eka bar3I machalI ke jAla meM Ane para use cihnita kara vApisa jala meM chor3a detA hai / aba vaha

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- 22 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana anya sthAnoM para jAla DAlatA hai, hara bAra vahI cihnita machalI jAla meM AtI hai aura apanI pratijJAnusAra vaha use jIvita chor3atA rahatA hai| zAma hone para nirAza hokara vaha khAlI hAtha ghara A jAtA hai / pratIkSArata dhIvarI apane pati ko khAlI hAtha AyA dekhakara kAraNa pU~chatI hai / vaha munirAja ke samakSa lI gayI pratijJA se use avagata karAtA hai / dhIvarI pratijJA ko anucita batalAtI hai / para vaha apane niyama para dRr3ha rahatA hai / taba krodhAveza meM Akara ghaNTA apane pati ko ghara se bAhara nikAla detI hai / apamAnita mRgasena nirjana dharmazAlA meM jAkara saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA ke viSaya meM hue leTa jAtA hai / tabhI vahA~ Aye eka sarpa ke Dasane se usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| vaha zrIdatta sArthavAha kA putra somadatta banatA hai / vicArate krodha zAnta hone para dhIvarI pati ko khojatI huI usI dharmazAlA meM pahu~catI hai| vahA~ pati ko mRta dekha vaha ahiMsA vrata ke pAlana kA nizcaya karatI / isI samaya vahI sarpa punaH A kara use kATa letA hai / dhIvarI guNapAla ke yahA~ putrI viSA ke rUpa meM janma letI hai / seTha munidvaya kI kathA vArtA sunakara Azcaryacakita ho jAtA hai aura somadatta ko mArane kA nizcaya karatA hai / vaha cANDAla ko pralobhana dekara somadatta ko mArane kA Adeza detA hai / niraparAdha bAlaka ko dekhakara vaha use mAratA nahIM hai varan gA~va ke bAhara nadI ke taTa para sthita eka vRkSa ke nIce rakha kara vApisa A jAtA hai / dUsare dina gevinda gvAle ko vRkSa ke nIce vaha bAlaka milatA hai / govinda gvAlA evaM usakI patnI dhanazrI usakA lAlana-pAlana karate haiN| somadatta kramazaH yuvA. ho jAtA hai| eka dina guNapAla rAjakArya se gvAloM kI bastI meM AtA hai / vahA~ somadatta ko dekhakara pahacAna jAtA hai / aba vaha punaH use mArane kA SaDyantra racatA hai / SaDyantra ke anusAra vaha govinda se kahatA hai - tuma somadatta dvArA yaha patra mere ghara bhijavA do / govinda kI svIkRti para somadatta patra gale ke hAra meM bA~dha kara ujjayinI AtA hai / vaha nagara ke samIpa udyAna meM kucha samaya Thahara kara vizrAma karatA hai / vahIM puSpa cayana karane AyI vasantasenA vaizyA somadatta ke gale meM ba~dhA patra dekhatI hai aura utsukatAvaza vaha patra kholakara par3hatI hai| vaha nomadatta ke saundarya se prabhAvita ho vicAratI hai guNapAla jaisA sajjana aisA kukRtya nahIM kara sakatA / avazya hI usase likhane meM bhUla huI hai| usane viSa nahIM, apanI putrI viSA

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 23 ko dene ke hetu Adeza likhA hogA / ataH vasantasenA "viSaM sandAtavyam" ke sthAna para "viSAM sandAtavyaM" likhakara patra pUrvavat rakhakara gantavya sthAna para calI jAtI hai / vizrAma ke anantara somadatta zreSThI ke yahA~ jAkara unake putra mahAbala ko patra detA hai / patra ke AdezAnusAra vaha viSA kA vivAha somadatta se kara detA hai / I viSA aura somadatta ke vivAha kA samAcAra sunakara guNapAla zIghra hI ghara AtA hai / lokAcAra ke kAraNa vaha putrI ke vivAha se harSa vyakta karatA hai / para mana hI mana vaha putrI ke vidhavA hone kI cintA na karate hue jAmAtA somadatta ko mArane kA upAya socatA hai / vaha mandira meM eka cANDAla ko somadatta ke vadha hetu niyukta karatA hai / use somadatta kI pahacAna bhI batalA detA hai| aba vaha somadatta ko pUjana sAmagrI dekara mandira meM bhejatA hai / somadatta zvasura ke Adeza pAlana hetu prasthAna karatA hai / mArga meM use apanA sAlA mahAvala milatA hai / vaha apane bahanoI se pUjana sAmagrI le kara unheM ghara ke lie ravAnA kara detA hai aura svayaM pUjana sAmagrI le kara mandira pahu~catA hai, jahA~ cANDAla ke dvArA mArA hai | putra ke nidhana evaM somadatta ko mArane ke prayAsoM meM asaphala rahane para bhI guNapAla hatAza evaM nirAza nahIM hotA / vaha somadatta kI hatyA ke lie apanI patnI guNazrI se cAra viSamizrita laDDU banavAtA hai| isa bAta se anabhijJa viSA pitA ke zIghra bhojana mA~gane para unheM ve hI do laDDU de detI hai / phalasvarUpa unakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| pati ko mRta dekhakara seThAnI guNazrI bhI zeSa do viSamizrita laDDU bhakSaNakara apanI jIvana lIlA samApta kara letI hai / jAtA ukta ghaTanA jaba rAjA sunate haiM to somadatta ko apane darabAra meM AmaMtrita karate haiM / ve prabhAvita ho usake sAtha apanI putrI kA vivAha kara dete haiM evaM use AdhA rAjya sauMpa dete haiM / eka dina nagara meM gocarI hetu padhAre munirAja ko somadatta aura usakI donoM striyA~ AhAra detI haiM / anantara unase dharmopadeza zravaNakara somadatta jinadIkSA dhAraNa karatA hai / usakI donoM striyA~ evaM vasantasenA bhI AryikA bana jAtI haiN| sabhI saMnyAsapUrvaka deha tyAgakara svarga meM jAte haiM / prastuta kAvya meM gadya-padya meM pUrNa santulana hai / sarala muhAvaredAra bhASA, lambe vAkyoM kA abhAva, avasarAnukUla rasa, alaMkArAdi kA prayoga sahRdaya ko bhAvavibhora evaM rasasikta kara detA hai /

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana munimanoraJjanAzIti (munimanoraJjana-zataka) yaha eka muktaka kAvya hai jisameM assI padya haiM / isameM digambara muni evaM AryikA kI caryA evaM vizeSatAoM kA vizada varNana hai / kavi ne muni evaM usake paryAyavAcI sAdhu, yati, varNI, yogI evaM tapasvI zabdoM kI nirukti isa prakAra batalAyI hai - bhUyAnmaunimano bhavoktivibhavAdasmAnmuniH syAttadAsmAnaM sampati sAdhayetsvayamitaH sAdhuH samarthaH sadA / durbhAvaM prayateta roddhamiti yo raudraM tathArtaM yatiH, nAgnyenaiva na zemuSIza punarapyeSA'sti me sammatiH // 76 // sAMsArika vaibhava se haTakara jaba manuSya kA mana mauna hotA hai taba vaha 'muni" kahalAtA hai / AtmA kI sAdhanA karane ke kAraNa "mAdhu" kahA jAtA hai / Arta aura raudra bhAvoM ko rokane kA yatna karatA hai isalie "yati".saMjJA pAtA hai / ataH ho zemuSIza!kevala nagna rahane se koI muni nahIM hotA yaha merI sammati hai / tathA varNI varNapate kilAkSaviSayAnsvapnopamA nityataH, yogaM yaH paramAtmanA'bhilabhate yogItyasau saMmataH / samyaktvena nirIhatArciSi tapatyevaM tapasvI bhave nmuNDasyaiva na muNDanena bhagavanasmindharA saMstave / / 77 // - jo indriya-viSayoM kA svapna ke samAna varNana karate haiM ve "varNI' haiM / paramAtmA ke sAtha yoga sambandha kI abhilASA rakhanevAle 'yogI" hote haiM / samyagdarzana ke sAtha niHspRhatArUpI agni meM tapa karane para 'tapasvI' kahalAte haiM / he bhagavAn! isa dharA para mAtra sira ke muNDana se koI sAdhu nahIM bana sakatA / kavi ke anusAra muni kA pramukha kartavya hai jJAna aura dhyAna meM nirantara rata rhnaa| isake dvArA hI citta kI caMcalatA rokI jA sakatI hai - sAmyaM kAmyamapAsya yAtu na bahizcittaM nisargAcalaM, sthANau dhyAnapadAbhidheyaprabhavatAt sambadhya yAvadalam / no cettatpariveSTayedapi punaH svAdhyAyanAmnA'munA, svAdhyAyena yato na viplavamiyAtsAdho'tra tatte'dhunA / / 63 // kavi ne anukUla aura pratikUla donoM paristhitiyoM meM sAmyabhAva dhAraNa karanA muni kA anivArya lakSaNa batalAyA hai -

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25 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana khaDaM darzayate'pi na dharetkopaM kadAcinmuniH, puSpa vA caraNArcanaM vidadhate na syAtprasAdAvaniH / mAdhyasyaM vipadIva sampadi vahettulyatvayuk cetasA, samyagnAnacaritralakSaNavRSaM prAptasya caiSA dazA // 38 // prAtaH aura sAyaMkAla apane kArya kA saMzodhana karanA, madhyAhna meM zarIra kI sthiti hetu nagara meM jAkara AhAra grahaNa karanA, madhyarAtri meM do muhUrta taka mauna rahanA, anantara rAtri meM kSaNika vizrAma karanA tathA indriyoM ko jItane ke lie zeSa samaya meM svAdhyAya karanA hI sAdhu kI dinacaryA hai - prAtaH sAyamupAkarotu yatirAT saMzodhanaM svIkRtemadhyAhne punarabhyupaitu vasatiM sampataye'grasthiteH / rAtremadhyamuhUrtayugmabhavatAnmaunI manAGnidrayA, svAdhyAyena samastamanyasamayaM vyatpetu jetuM syaan||45|| prastuta muktaka kAvya upadezAtmaka hai / ataH viSaya ke anusAra isakI bhASA prasAdaguNa sampanna hai / dIrgha samAsoM kA isameM abhAva hai aura zravaNa mAtra se padyoM kA artha hRdayaMgama ho jAtA hai| RSi kaisA hotA hai? yaha laghukAya kRti aprakAzita hai / isameM 40 padya haiM / prastuta kRti meM mahAkavi ne RSi ke svarUpa evaM carama lakSya mokSa kI prApti ke mArga kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kavi ko dRSTi meM RSi vaha hotA hai jo apane kartavya ko svayaM sampAdita karatA hai| vaha apane kArya ke lie anya kA sahArA nahIM letA / aisA RSi hI maharSi hotA hai / RSi Arambha-parigraha kA pUrNa tyAgI hotA hai | tyAgI hone para bhI calane-phirane ke lie pRthvI kA evaM Thaharane ke lie parvata kI guphA Adi kA Azraya letA hai / anukUla sthAna para dharmadhyAna karate hue kAla bitAtA hai| zarIra kI sthiti hetu gRhastha ke ghara AhAra grahaNa karane ke lie jAtA hai / vaha pratisamaya samabhAva rakhatA hai / samyaktvasAra zataka mahAkavi dvArA praNIta "samyaktvasAra zataka" eka ucca koTi kA AdhyAtmika kAvya hai / isa kAvya meM jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM, rahasyoM kA sahaja bhASA meM vivecana huA hai / "sabhyastva" jaina darzana kI AdhAra zilA hai / isake abhAva meM zrAvaka kA zrAvakatva

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26 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana evaM mahAn tapasvI kA tyAga nirarthaka mAnA jAtA hai / isa kRti meM samyaktva kA vivecana kAvyamaya mAdhurya se huA hai / grantha kA prArambha samyaktva kI ArAdhanA se huA hai / samyaktva-rUpI sUrya ke udaya hone para, andhakAra phailAnevAlI mithyAtvarUpI ajJAnarAtri svayameva vilIna ho jAtI hai - samyaktvasUryodaya bhUbhRte'hamadhizrito'smi praNati sadaiva / I yataH pralIyeta tamo vidhAtrI bhayaGkarA sA jagato'tha rAtriH // 1 // saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI sukha cAhatA hai para sukhI banane kA upAya nahIM jAnatA / kyoMki use yaha jJAta nahIM hai ki sukha merI AtmA kA guNa hai tathA vaha mujhameM hI hai / vaha bAhya viSayoM meM sukha mAnakara unameM jhaMpApAta letA hai / yahI isakI bhUla hai / yahI mithyAtva hai / mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI prANI duHkhI hai / mithyAtva kA dUra honA hI samyaktva hai AtmIyaM sukhamanyajAtamiti yA vRttiH paratrAtmanastanmithyAtvamakapradaM nigaditaM muJcedidAnIM janaH / Atmanyeva sukhaM mametyanuvadanbAhyAnivRtto yadAtmanyAtmA vilagatyaho vijayatAM samyaktvametatsadA // 100 // samyagdRSTi jIva tattvArtha kA zraddhAnI hotA hai / vaha saMsAra meM usI prakAra rahatA hai jaise jala meM kamala / vaha carma ke lie nahIM varan dharma ke lie utkaNThita rahatA hai / usakI bhAvanA nirantara dUsaroM ko sukhI banAne kI rahatI hai / usakI dRSTi Atmadravya para hotI hai, paryAya para nahIM / samyagdRSTi nirantara tattva ke abhyAsa meM rata rahatA hai| jisase prazama, saMvega, anukampA evaM Astikya guNa usameM vikasita ho jAte haiM / usake yahI bhAva kramazaH AjJAvicaya, apAyavicaya, vipAkavicaya aura saMsthAnavicaya nAmaka dhyAna meM parivartita ho jAte haiM / dhyAnAdaho dharmamayorudhAmna udeti vA''jJAvicayAdinAmnaH / samyagdRzo bhAvacatuSkametatparyetyamISu sphuTamasyacetaH // 52 // jaba samyagdRSTi vyakti kA cAritra pUrNarUpeNa vItarAgatA se yukta hotA hai taba vaha yathAkhyAtacAritra kahalAtA hai / usakA zrutajJAna bhI bhAvazrutajJAna meM pariNata ho jAtA hai - bhAvazrutajJAnamataH parantu bhavedyathAkhyAtacaritratantu / zraddhAnamevaM dRDhamAtmanastu guNatraye'taH paramatvamastu // 83 // 1 samyagdRSTi yathAkhyAta cAritra dvArA karmoM kA kSaya kara saccidAnanda bana jAtA hai isa prakAra kavi ne darzana ke gahana siddhAntoM ko sarala bhASA dvArA sarva-sAdhAraNa ke lie bodhagamya banA diyA hai /

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana pravacanasAra pratirUpaka jaisA ki zIrSaka se suvidita hai, isameM jinapravacana kA sAra saMgRhIta kiyA gayA hai| pravacanasAra grantha zrI kundakundAcArya dvArA praNIta hai / isakI mUla gAthAoM ke bhAva ko grahaNa kara mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI ne saMskRta ke anuSTup zlokoM tathA hindI padyoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai evaM gadya meM sArAMza bhI likhA hai / isameM mUla grantha kI gAthAoM kA kevala chAyAnuvAda nahIM hai kintu unake mArmika abhiprAya ko bhI anuSTup jaise choTe ..koM meM nibaddha kara gAgara meM sAgara bharane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI zloka ke bhAva ko spaSTa karane ke lie hindI bhASA meM padya racakara usakI pUrti kI gaI hai| isa grantha kA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa aMza hai "sArAMza" / saMskRta meM sAhityika kAvya granthoM kI racanA karane vAle isa granthakartA kI tatsama padAvalI ko yahA~ DhU~DhanA zramasAdhya hai| hindI gadya meM tadbhava zabdAvalI kA hI prAdhAnya hai / "gadyaM kavInAM nikaSaM vadanti" isa rUpa meM bhI isa grantha kA gadya Adarza, sarala, sarvathA nirdoSa evaM sarasa artha kA prasphuTana karane vAlA hai| AcArya zrI ne gadya meM sUtrazailI apanAI hai / vivecana karane ke anantara anuccheda ke anta meM sampUrNa vivecana kA sAra sUtrabaddha kara diyA hai| Agama kI bAta ko samajhAne ke lie jo dRSTAnta, udAharaNa aura utprekSAyeM dI gaI haiM, ve mAnava ke vyAvahArika jIvana se sambandhita haiM; ataH pAThaka ko kahIM bhI gariSThatA kA bojha vahana nahIM karanA par3atA / jaise - AtmA aura karmoM kA anAdikAla se sambandha hai / inameM AtmA cetana aura karma acetana haiM / donoM kA svarUpa pRthak hai / ataH unameM baMdha nahIM ho sakatA, phira bhI AtmA ba~dhA huA kyoM hai ? ise spaSTa karate hue AcArya zrI kahate haiM "jaise eka baccA kisI khilaune ko dekhakara use apanA mAnakara hAtha meM pakar3e rahatA hai, usake TUTa jAne para vaha rone lagatA hai, duHkhI hotA hai; usI prakAra AtmA parapadArthoM ko apane bhAvoM meM apanAye hue haiM, ataH apane bhAvoM ke dvArA unase ba~dhA huA hai|" isa udAharaNa ko par3hakara mana meM kisI bhI prakAra kI zaMkA nahIM rhtii| granthakAra ne viSaya vastu ko spaSTa karane ke lie aneka zaMkAyeM uThAkara uttara ke rUpa meM samAdhAna kiyA hai | praznottara ke rUpa meM likhita isa gadya ko par3hane se aisI anubhUti hotI hai ki AcArya zrI hamAre sanmukha virAjamAna haiM aura alpajJoM kI zaMkA - samAdhAna kara rahe haiN|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana prastuta kRti tIna adhikAroM meM vibhakta haiM - jJAnaprarUpaka adhikAra, jJeyAdhikAra, evaM cAritrAdhikAra / jJAnaprarUpaka adhikAra : isameM dravya, guNa, paryAya, azubhopayoga, zubhopayoga, zuddhopayoga, moha, sukha, saddarzana, adarzana, kudarzana Adi kI sarala samIcIna paribhASAyeM dI gaI haiN| yAdhikAra : isameM syAvAda zailI dvArA paravAdiyoM ke ekAnta matoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai / gAthA 1 se 34 taka dravya kA lakSaNa, guNa, paryAya, utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya kA svarUpa, dravyArthika-paryAyArthika naya, saptabhaMga, cetanA aura usake bhedoM kA vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isake anantara gAthA 35 se 56 taka dravya ke bheda jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla tathA azuddha jIva kA varNana hai / tatpazcAt zubhopayoga, azubhopayoga kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / jIva-pudgala kA vistRta vivecana, dravyakarma, bhAvakarma jaise gUr3ha viSayoM ko sarala zabdoM meM spaSTa kara yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki saba padArtha jJeya haiM aura jIva inakA jJAtA hai / AtmA zAzvata hai aura anya padArtha kSaNabhaMgura haiM / sabhI parapadArthoM meM mamatva tyAgakara apanI AtmA meM vizuddhatA prApta karane vAlA jIva mithyAdarzana kA nAza kara sakatA hai / samyagdRSTi hone para zuddhAtmA ke dhyAna ke lie muni avasthA grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| cAritrAdhikAra : jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai parantu jJAna kI sArthakatA pavitra AcaraNa ke dvArA hotI hai / AcaraNa ke abhAva meM jJAna paMgu hai, saphalatA cAritra ke hI AdhIna hai / ataH hara eka manuSya ko cAritra dhAraNa karanA cAhie / kyoMki manuSya paryAya meM hI cAritra dhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / samyagdarzana to anya gatiyoM meM bhI ho jAtA hai / isa adhikAra meM cAritra dhAraNa karane kI rIti, sAdhu ke kartavya, AhAra, vicAra, muniyoM ke bheda, parigraha, paMcapApa, strImukti niSedha, cAritra kI mahattA, aTala samatA, saccA muni, vaiyAvRtya, satsaMgati Adi viSayoM kA varNana hai| inakI vyAkhyA AcArya zrI ne ArSa granthoM, zvetAmbara evaM itara darzanoM ke prAmANika granthoM se uddharaNa prastuta karate hue sarala subodha bhASA meM kI hai / isake adhyayana se zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna svayameva ho jAtA hai / uparyukta cAritra varNana ke anantara granyakAra ne upasaMhArarUpa meM saMsAraparibhramaNa,

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29 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana saMsAra se mukti, mukti ke upAya aura mukta jIva kA vivecana kiyA hai / isake sAtha grantha samApta ho gayA hai| hindI kRtiyA~ RSabhAvatAra RSabhacarita hindI bhASA meM likhA gayA mahAkAvya hai / isameM 17 sarga tathA 811 . padya haiM / ye padya rolA, harigItikA, kuNDalI evaM dohA chandoM meM nibaddha haiM / prastuta mahAkAvya kA kathAnaka AdipurANa ke pUrvArdha kI kathA para Azrita hai | isake prathama sAta sargoM meM vartamAna janma kA varNana hai / isameM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke garbhotsava, janmotsava, do vivAha, vaMzakrama, putra-putriyoM kI zikSA-dIkSA, karmabhUmi Arambha hone para SaTkarmoM kA upadeza, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra tIna vargoM kI sRSTi, RSabhadeva ko vairAgya kI utpatti, munidIkSA aMgIkAra kara tapasyA karanA, anta meM tIrthaMkara pada prAptakara prANiyoM ko dharmopadeza denA evaM nirvANa prApta karanA Adi kA vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / RSabhacarita meM mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa upalabdha hote haiM / zRMgAra, vIra, karuNa Adi rasoM evaM bhaktibhAva kI abhivyaMjanA, upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, vyatireka, virodhAbhAna. parisaMkhyA aura apahRti Adi alaMkAroM ke sahaja maJjula prayoga, prakRtivarNana, vastuvarNana Adi se yaha mahAkAvya atyanta ramaNIya bana gayA hai / bhAgyodaya isakA aparanAma "dhanyakumAracarita hai / isa kAvya meM dhanyakumAra kA jIvanacarita rocaka aura marasa rIti se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / kAvya kA praNayana teraha zIrSakoM meM huA hai - kathArambha, bhAgyaparIkSA, nagara zreSThI pada kI prApti, gRhatyAga, gRhakalaha, vivAhaprakrama, kuTumbasamAgama, kozAmbI meM dhannA kA samanveSaNa, nyAyapriyatA, kauzambI se prasthAna, prAyazcitta evaM dhanyakumAra kA vairAgya / 858 padyoM vAlA yaha kAvya harigItikA, gItikA, aDilla, kuNDalI, dohA, kusumalatA, chappaya, gajala, rekhatA Adi chandoM meM nibaddha hai / kAvya kA aMgIrasa zAnta hai tathA zRMgAra, vIra, karuNa Adi sahAyaka rasa ke rUpa meM abhivyaMjita hue haiN| alaMkAroM, muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM evaM sUktiyoM ke prayoga ne ise cArutva se maNDita kara diyA hai|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA kAlAvajAnika, anAna guNasundara vRttAnta yaha rUpakakAvya hai / isameM rAjA zreNika ke samaya meM yuvAvasthA meM dIkSita eka . zreSThiputra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / kartavyapatha pradarzana isameM AcArya zrI ne 82 zIrSakoM ke antargata mAnava ke dainika kartavyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / ye kartavya upadezAtmaka nahIM apitu nirdezAtmaka haiN| inheM kavi ne aneka udAharaNoM dvArA sarala subodha bhASA meM samajhAyA hai / "yaha kRti AtmA kI uma taha kI bhA~ti hai jisameM jJAna aura sukha kA akSaya bhaNDAra bharA huA hai / jise bAMTane me kabhI bAMTA nahIM jA sakatA aura par3hane se pUrA par3hA nahIM jA sakatA, kiyA jA sakatA hai to mAtra saMvedana aura sukhada anubhava / kRti ke pratyeka sandarbha meM dayA, vAtsalya evaM prema ke svara maMjoye gaye haiM / vikhere gaye haiM ve bhAvapuSpa, jinakI sugandhi janamAnasa meM vyApta ajJAna, anAcAra, evaM kurItiyoM kI durgandha samApta karane meM samartha haiM / "1 prastuta kRti meM mAnava ke AcAra-vicAra kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / ye AcAra-vicAra mAnava ko anukUla-pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM usake kartavya ke prati sajaga karate haiM / kRti meM kavi kI bhASA muhAvaredAra evaM alaMkAroM se maMDita hai jisame abhivyakti painI evaM bhAva ko hRdaya meM utArane vAlI bana gaI hai / nimna udAharaNoM se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai "hama bA~Ta kara khAnA nahIM jAnate, sirpha apanA hI matalaba gAMThanA cAhate haiM aura isa khudagarjI ke pIche magarUra hokara santoM mahantoM kI vANI bhulA baiThate haiM / isIlie pada-pada para ApattiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3a rahA hai / (pRSTha 20) "makAna kA pAyA bahuta gaharA ho, dIvAreM caur3I aura saMgIna hoM, raMga-rogana bhI bahuta acchI taraha se kiyA huA ho aura sabhI bAteM tathA rIti ThIka ho, parantu yadi Upara chata na ho to sabhI bekAra hai / vaise hI sadAcAra ke binA manuSya meM bala vIryAdi sabhI bAteM hokara nikammI ho jAtI haiM / dekho, rAvaNa bahuta parAkramI thA / usake zArIrika bala ke Age sabhI kAyala the, phira bhI vaha Aja nindA kA pAtra banA huA hai; kyoMki rAvaNa ke jIvana meM durAcAra kI badabU ne ghara kara liyA thaa|" (pRSTha-24) 1. kartavyapatha pradarzana : prakAzakIya prastuti pRSTha - 1

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jayAdaya mahAkAvya kA zelAvejJAnika anuzIlana 'bahI mannA dAma hotA hai jo dAtA ke mAtvika bhAvoM se otaprota ho evaM jisako diyA jAve usakI AtmA ko bhI unnata banAne vAlA ho tathA vizva bhara ke lie Adarza mArga kA sUcaka ho / ' (pRSTa-58) ____ mAnava ke AcAra vicAra itane unnata hoM ki vaha samatA ke dvArA mamatA ko miTA de, kSamA se krodha kA abhAva kara de. vinIta vRtti dvArA mAna kA mUloccheda kare, mAyA aura lobha para mana-vacana-kAya evaM nirIhatA ke dvArA vijaya prApta kara le / isa prakAra vaha karmajayI hokara AtmA me paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / AtmA se paramAtmA bananA hI mAnava kA kartavya hai|" ina udAharaNoM se kavi kA gadya kAvya kauzala Tapaka-Tapaka par3atA hai / mAnava dharma ''mAnavadharma'' mahAkavi dvArA racita eka aisI kRti hai jo jana-jana taka pahu~ca kara usake sAmAnya jIvana ko prabhAvita evaM prerita karatI hai / yaha samantabhadrAcArya dvArA racita ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ke zlokoM kA eka anuzIlana hai / yaha na to ukta grantha kA anuvAda hai, na TIkA, apitu usake zlokoM para choTI-choTI TippaNiyoM kA saMkalana hai / yaha sAmAnyajana ke jIvanadvAra khaTakhaTAne meM pUrNa samartha hai / isa kRti kI pramukha vizeSatAeM haiM - sarala bhASA, choTe-choTe saTIka vAkya, hRdayasparzI laghu dRSTAnta evaM aneka preraka sUkti maNiyA~ | kucha uddharaNa draSTavya haiM - ___ "kisI bAta ko batAte samaya pakSapAta kA cazmA dUra honA cAhie, tAki hamArI jAnakArI apanA ThIka kAma kara sake / " (pRSTha-8) ___"jo saMsAra arthAt saMkleza ko dUra karake prANI mAtra ko sukha zAnti kI dene vAlI ho, aisI ceSTA kA nAma hI saddharma hai / '' (pRSTha-3) "ucita-anucita kA vicAra kiye binA, naphA-nukasAna soce binA hI logoM kI dekhA-dekhI jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai, use lokamUr3hatA kahate haiM / " (pRSTha-30) ___ "manuSya meM pApavRtti, khudagarjI, abhimAna kI mAtrA kA abhAva honA cAhie phira bhale hI aura koI prakAra kI sAdhana sAmagrI isake pAsa mata ho to bhI ise saba prakAra se Ananda prApta hotA hai / kintu agara eka khudagarjI ne isake dila meM ghara kara rakhA hai to aura sabhI taraha kI sukha sAmagrI hokara bhI ise sukha nahIM pahu~cA sakatI, pratyuta bAdhaka bana jAyA

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 32 karatI hai / " (pRSTha-40) " jisane apane jJAna ko nirdoSa banA liyA hai, jisakA mana bhI saccA hai tathA jisakA AcaraNa bhI punIta-pa -pAvana bana cukA ho tathA jinake pAsa aise tIna bahumUlya gloM kA khajAnA ho, use dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM puruSArthoM meM anAyAsa hI maphalatA prApta ho jAtI hai / vaha tInoM puruSArthoM meM maphala hokara anta meM mokSa puruSArtha ke mAdhana meM juTa kara ke apavarga yAni mukti ko bhI prApta kara letA hai / " (pRSTa-98) sacitta vivecana prastuta kRti meM sacitta aura acitta vastuoM kA prAmANika vivecana Agama ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| sacitta se tAtparya hai jo jIva sahita ho "sahacittena jIvena bhAvena vartate tatsacittam | " pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ye sabhI eka indriya jIva haiM, ataH ye sacitta kahe jAte haiN| mAnava inakA dainika jIvana meM prayoga karatA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa hiMsA hotI hai / mAnava hiMsA se bace aura indriya-maMyama kA pAlana kare, isake lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha sacitta padArthoM ko acitta rUpa meM parivartitakara unakA prayoga kare / mahAkavi ne macittoM kI rakSA ke aneka upAya batalAye haiM / yathA pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacane ke lie pRthvI para dekhakara cale, pratyeka vastu sAvadhAnIpUrvaka rakhe - uThAve | jala ke jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie dohare vastra se chAnakara usameM lavaMga, ilAyacI DAla de yA garama kara use acitta banAye / isa acitta jala kA prayoga kare / zAka - phala Adi vanaspati ke antargata haiM, jinheM do prakAra se acitta banAyA jA sakatA hai- agni para pakAkara tathA mukhA kara kASThAdi rUpa meM parivartita karake / AcArya zrI ne sacitta padArthoM ko acitta banAne ke sarala upAya batalAye haiM, anantara sacitta aura abhakSya meM antara spaSTa kiyA hai| sacitta ke tyAga kA mahattva kavi ke zabdoM meM dekhiye " sacittAhAra tyAgane se jihvAdi indriyA~ vaza meM ho jAtI haiN| vAta, pitta, kapha kA prakopa na hone se zarIra nIroga rahatA hai / kAma-vAsanA manda par3a jAtI hai / citta kI capalatA ghaTatI hai, ataH dharmadhyAna meM pravRtti hokara sahaja rUpa meM jIva dayA palatI hai / " svAmI kundakunda aura sanAtana jainadharma isa kRti meM mahAkavi ne jainadharma ke prAmANika AcArya kundakunda kA AcArya -

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yodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 33 paramparA meM mUrdhanya sthAna nirdhArita kiyA hai / anantara aneka pramANoM dvArA svAmI kundakunda kA samaya nirdhArita kara unakA paricaya diyA hai / svAmI kundakunda aise AcArya haiM jinakA digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI AmnAya samAna rUpa se Adara karate haiM / isIlie mahAkavi ne prastuta kRti meM kundakunda praNIta jaina dharma ke svarUpa evaM mokSa ke mArga ko nirUpita kiyA hai| isameM kavi ne jainoM meM digambara aura zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti ke kAraNa evaM unakI vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlA hai| "vastradhArI kI mukti nahIM", "strImukti", "kevalajJAna" Adi viSayoM kA bhI vizada vivecana huA hai / pavitra mAnavajIvana prastuta kRti meM 193 padya haiN| isameM kavi ne mAnava jIvana ko saphala banAne vAle karttavyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| jaise samAjasudhAra, paropakAra, kRSi evaM pazupAlana, bhojana ke niyama, nArI kA uttaradAyitva, santAna ke prati abhibhAvakoM ke karttavya Adi / Adhunika doSapUrNa zikSA paddhati, upavAsa, gRhastha aura tyAgI meM antara Adi viSayoM kA rocaka pratipAdana huA hai / sarala jaina vivAhavidhi isameM jainadharma ke anusAra vivAha kI vidhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / tattvArtha dIpikA yaha jaina siddhAnta ke prasiddha grantha tatvArtha sUtra kI sarala bhASA meM likhI gaI TIkA hai| anuvAda kRtiyA~ (1) vivekodaya (2) niyamasAra kA padyAnuvAda (3) devAgama stotra kA padyAnuvAda (4) aSTapAhuDa kA padyAnuvAda yaha AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA racita samayasAra kI gAthAoM kA gItikA chanda meM hindI rUpAntara hai / yaha donoM padyAnuvAda sAptAhika jainagajaTa meM varSa 1956-57 meM kramazaH chape haiN| yaha padyAnuvAda 'zreyomArga' patrikA meM prakAzita huA hai|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana (5) samayasAra TIkA - yaha kundakundacArya praNIta "samayasAra" para AcArya jayasena dvArA likhI tAtparyavRtti nAmaka TIkA kA hindI anuvAda hai| ina kRtiyoM se bhUrAmalajI arthAt AcArya jJAnasAgarajI kI prakhara medhA, bahuzrutatA evaM racanAdharmitA kA nidarzana mila jAtA hai | . .. AcAryazrI pradarzana kI pravRtti se kosoM dUra sahaja prakRti ke sAdhu the / ve pracAra prasAra ke phere meM kabhI nahIM par3e / apanI kRtiyoM ke prakAzana aura vitaraNa ke moha se bhI mukta the / paNDita hIrAlAlajI siddhAntazAstrI va vyAvara jaina samAja ke prayatnoM se hI ApakI kRtiyA~ "muni jJAnasAgara granthamAlA" vyAvara se prakAza meM AIM / madanagaMja kizanagar3ha meM jaba mahArAjazrI se unake nikaTa eka bhakta ne yaha pUchA ki -- "mahArAja ! Aja jisakI sAhitya meM jarA sI bhI pahu~ca hai, vaha bhI apane Apako bahuta bar3A mAna rahA hai / Apa sAkSAta sarasvatI ke varada putra hokara bhI samAja ke kSetra meM hI aparicita se haiM"; to ApakA uttara thA -- "bhaiyA ! maiM to sAdhaka hU~, pracAraka nahIM / AtmakalyANa kA mArga pakar3A hai, usame maiM bhaTaka jAtA yadi pracAra ke lobha meM par3atA to / sAdhanA kA yaha Adarza nizcaya hI anukaraNIya hai / ve sAdhu ke lie adhika janasamparka se bacane kI bAta bhI aksara kahA karate the|" . mahAkavi bhUrAmalajI (AcArya jJAnasAgarajI) ke isa vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kA avalokana karane se hama pAte haiM ki mahAkavi una lokottara mAnavoM meM se hote haiM, jo indriya-vyasanoM ke kITa banakara jIvana ko nirarthaka karane ke lie utpanna nahIM hote, apitu viSayabhoga-garhita jIvana se Upara uThakara AtmA kI sAdhanA hetu avatarita hote haiM / aise mAnava ke lakSaNa hote haiM jJAna kI tIvra-pipAsA aura kucha nayA anokhA kara gujarane kI utkaTa AkAMkSA, vaiSayika jIvana ke prati heya-dRSTi tathA viparIta paristhitiyoM meM aparAjeya bhAva se saMgharSa kI pravRtti, lakSya ke prati ekAgratA evaM use pAne kA anavarata udyama / mahAkavi bhUrAmalajI inhIM guNoM kI pratimA the / sAtha hI isa pratimA meM thA kavitva kI naisargika pratibhA kA kalAtmaka lAvaNya, jisakI ramaNIyatA se maNDita vipula sAhitya kavi kI lekhanI se prasUta huA / itanA hI nahIM, kavi kA gurutva evaM AcAryatva bhI itanA lAvaNyamaya thA ki jinakA sparza pAkara vidyAdhara jaise ziSya vidyAsAgaratva kI ratnamayI AbhA se maNDita ho gye| 1. kundakunda vANI (mAsika), AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja smRti aMka, pRSTha -25, maI 1990

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dvitIya adhyAya jayodaya kA kathAnaka evaM mahAkAvyatva kathAnaka mahAkavi jJAnamAgara dvArA viracita jayodaya mahAkAvya meM rAjA jayakumAra evaM mulocanA kI praNaya-kathA ke mAdhyama se aparigraha aNuvrata ke mAhAtmya kA varNana hai' tathA dharmasaMgata artha, kAma tathA mokSa puruSArtha kI siddhi kI gaI hai / isa mahAkAvya meM aTThAIsa sarga haiM / pratyeka marga kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai -- prathama sarga prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha ke samaya hastinApura meM rAjA jayakumAra rAjya karate the| ve atyanta sundara, vidvAn, buddhimAn, bhAgyavAn, zrImAn, zUravIra evaM pratApI the ! ve sadA sajjanoM kA Adara evaM duSToM kA nigraha karate the / ve atyanta dAnazIla evaM paropakArI the / aise sarvaguNa sampanna bhUpati jayakumAra kI prazaMsA jaba rAjA akampana kI putrI sulocanA ne sunI to vaha unake prati anurakta ho gaI / parantu strI-sulabha lajjA evaM lokApavAda ke bhaya se vaha apanA prema sandeza unheM preSita na kara sakI / nRpati jayakumAra ne bhI apane sabhAsadoM se rAjakumArI sulocanA ke rUpa-saundarya evaM guNoM ke viSaya meM sunA to vaha usake prati AkRSTa ho gayA, kintu atyanta svAbhimAnI hone ke kAraNa rAjA akampana se pANigrahaNa kA prastAva nahIM kiyA / isI samaya nagara ke upavana meM eka muni kA Agamana hotA hai / jayakumAra unake darzanArtha pahu~catA hai / pragAr3ha zraddhAbhAva se unake darzana-stavana kara AnandAtireka kA anubhava karatA hai aura vinamratA pUrvaka unase upadeza kI yAcanA karatA hai, tAki jIvana saphala ho sake / bitIya sarga munirAja rAjA jayakumAra ko aneka dRSTAntoM dvArA dharmanIti evaM rAjanIti kA upadeza dete haiM / muni dvArA ukta upadezAmRta kA pAnakara jayakumAra romAMcita ho jAtA hai| vaha punaH atyanta zraddhA evaM vinaya se munirAja ko namana karatA hai tathA unakI AjJA lekara nija prAsAda kI ora prasthAna karatA hai / mArga meM vaha dekhatA hai ki usake sAtha pUrva meM 1. jayodaya pUrvArdha, granthakartA kA paricaya, pRSTha - 11-12

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36 . jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana dharmopadeza zravaNa karane vAlI sarpiNI anya jAti ke sarpa ke sAtha ratikrIr3A kara rahI hai / isa dRzyAvalokana meM asamartha jayakumAra kamalanAla se sarpiNI ko pRthak karane kA prayAsa karatA hai / anya loga bhI apane svAmI kA anukaraNa karate hue kaMkar3a pattharoM se sarpiNI ko Ahata kara dete haiM / akAmanirjarApUrvaka maraNa hone se vaha sarpiNI apane pati nAgakumAra kI devI ke rUpa meM janma letI hai / jayakumAra ke prati IrSyA bhAva rakhane vAlI vaha sarpiNI ukta vRttAnta apane pati ko sunAtI hai / vaha mUrkha sarpa (nAgakumAra deva) strI ke kathana para vizvAsa karatA hai aura jayakumAra ko mArane jaba usake mahala meM pahu~catA hai to vaha dekhatA hai ki jayakumAra apanI rAniyoM ko uparyukta ghaTanA sunA rahA haiM / yaha sunakara nAgakumAra ko vAstavikatA kA jJAna hotA hai / vaha striyoM ke kauTilya kI nindA karatA hai / anantara jayakumAra ke samIpa Akara sArA vRttAnta satya-satya kahatA hai / vaha unakA parama bhakta bana kara unase AjJA prApta kara svaniveza vApisa calA jAtA hai| tRtIya sarga rAjA jayakumAra eka samaya apanI rAjasabhA meM virAjamAna the, tabhI kAzI nareza akampana kA dUta unakI sabhA meM praviSTa hotA hai / hastinApura nareza dUta kA yathocita svAgata karate hue Agamana kA kAraNa jJAta karate haiM / dUta unheM apane svAmI kA sandeza sunAtA hai - ki rAjA akampana evaM mahArAnI suprabhA kI putrI sulocanA aMtyanta rUpavatI evaM sarvaguNa sampanna hai / kAzI nareza usakA vivAha mantriyoM ke nirdezAnusAra svayaMvara-vidhi se karanA cAhate haiM / svayaMvara hetu sarvatobhadra nAmaka svayaMvara maNDapa svarga ke deva (pUrva janma meM rAjA akampana ke bhAI) dvArA nirmita kiyA gayA hai / kAzI nagarI kI abhUtapUrva sajjA kI gaI hai| ataeva Apa sulocanA svayaMvara meM sammilita hone hetu kAzI padhArane kI kRpA kareM / isa prakAra dUta sva-svAmI kA zubha sandeza sunAkara mauna ho jAtA hai / manohArI vRttAnta sunakara jayakumAra pulakita ho jAte haiM / ve dUta ko pAritoSika dete haiM / tadanantara susajjita senA ke sAtha jayakumAra kAzI prasthAna karate haiM / kAzI pahu~cane para rAjA akampana unakA svAgata karate hue Thaharane kA ucita prabandha karate haiN| caturtha sarga kAzI nareza deza dezAntaroM ke sabhI rAjakumAroM ko sulocanA svayaMvara hetu AmaMtrita karate haiM / bharata cakravartI ke putra arkakIrti ko svayaMvara kA samAcAra milatA hai / arkakIrti

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- 37 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana . apane mantrI sumati ke binA AmantraNa ke svayaMvara na jAne ke sujhAva ko ThukarA kara anya sabhAsadoM ke sAtha kAzI pahu~cate haiM / kAzI nareza unakI agavAnI karate hue unheM apane prAsAda meM ThaharAte haiM / svayaMvara sabhA meM Amantrita sabhI rAjakumAra hAsya vinoda karate hue rAtri vyatIta karate haiN| paMcama sarga svayaMvara sabhA meM vibhinna dezoM ke rAjakumAra Ate haiM / rAjA akampana sabhI kA bhavya svAgata karate haiM | vastrAbhUSaNoM se susajjita evaM adbhuta rUpasaundaryazAlI jayakumAra ke svayaMvara maNDapa meM Ane para sabhA jagamagA uThatI hai| yaha dekha anya rAjakumAroM ke mana meM usake prati pratidvandvitA kA bhAva jAgarita ho jAtA hai| svayaMvara sabhA kI vizAlatA dekhakara rAjA akampana jahA~ Azcaryacakita hote haiM, vahIM cintita bhI hote haiM / ve socate haiM isa sabhA meM eka se eka rAjakumAra Aye haiM / ina sabhI kA paricaya sulocanA ko kauna de sakegA? svayaMvara maNDapa ke nirmAtA citrAMgada deva apane pUrva janma ke bhAI rAjA akampana ke cehare para viSAda kI rekhAe~ dekhate haiM, to ve rAjaparicaya kA kAryabhAra buddhidevI ko sauMpate haiM / rAjA akampana cintA mukta ho jAte haiM aura svayaMvara samAroha prArambha karane ke lie dundubhi bajavAte haiM / dundubhi sunakara rAjakumArI sulocanA apanI pramukha sakhiyoM ke sAtha vimAna meM baiThakara prAsAda se cala par3atI hai / vaha pahale jinendra deva kI pUjana karatI hai / anantara svayaMvara maNDapa meM pahu~catI hai / sabhI rAjakumAroM kI dRSTi sulocanA para kendrita ho jAtI hai| paTha sarga . rAjakumArI sulocanA ke svayaMvara maMNDapa meM Ane para buddhidevI apanA kArya prArambha karatI hai / vaha sarvaprathama vidyAdhara rAjA sunami evaM vinami se rAjakumArI ko paricita karAtI hai / ina rAjAoM meM sulocanA kI aruci jAnakara use pRthvI ke rAjakumAroM ke samIpa le jAtI hai / vaha samrAT bharata ke putra arkakIrti, kaliMga, kAMcI, kAbula, aMga, baMga, sindhu, kAzmIra, karNATaka, kairaba, mAlava Adi dezoM se padhAre rAjakumAroM ke rUpa saundarya, guNa evaM aizvarya kA vistRta varNana karatI hai, para rAjakumArI kisI kI ora AkarSita na ho skii| buddhidevI hastinApura nareza jayakumAra kA paricaya detI hai / sulocanA meghezvara upanAmadhArI

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.38 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana evaM cakravartI bharata ke senApati jayakumAra ke guNa-vaiziSTya se prabhAvita hotI hai / lajAte hue kAMpate hAthoM se use varamAlA pahanA detI hai / yaha dekha zeSa rAjAoM ke mukha mlAna ho jAte haiM aura jayakumAra ke mukha kI zobhA dviguNita ho jAtI hai / saptama sarga arkakIrti ke sevaka ko sulocanA dvArA jayakumAra kA varaNa anucita pratIta hotA hai| vaha ise kAzI nareza akampana kI pUrva niyojita yojanA samajha letA hai aura svAmI arkakIrti ko tIkhe kaTu vacanoM dvArA jayakumAra evaM akampana ke viruddha uttejita karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki jayakumAra jaise to Apake kitane hI sevaka haiM / phira akampana ne kula kI evaM ApakI upekSAkara sulocanA dvArA jayakumAra kA varaNa karAyA hai / isa prakAra kAzI bhUpati ne hamArA yugAntara sthAyI apamAna kiyA hai, ataH unheM apamAna kA pratiphala avazya hI cakhAnA caahie| durmarSaNa ke vacanoM se arkakIrti uttejita ho jAtA hai / krodhAveza meM Akara jayakumAra evaM akampana donoM ko mAranA cAhatA hai / vaha apane vicAra ko kAryarUpa meM pariNata karane ke liye yuddhonmukha hotA hai / arkakIrti ko yuddhonmukha dekha anavadyamati mantrI use samajhAtA hai ki rAjA akampana aura jayakumAra donoM hI hamAre adhInastha bhUpati haiM | jayakumAra eka asAdhAraNa vyakti hai / Apake pitA bharata ko cakravartI pada kI prApti meM jayakumAra kA hI pramukha yogadAna rahA / rAjA akampana to Apake pitA ke bhI pUjya haiM, ataH unase yuddha karanA to gurudroha hogA / pramukha bAta to yaha hai ki yuddha meM ApakI vijaya nizcita nahIM hai / yadi Apa yuddha meM vijayI ho bhI gaye to sulocanA satI hai vaha ApakI nahIM ho sakegI, ataH jaya hone para bhI parAjaya hI Apake hAtha rahegI / anavadyamati mantrI ke hitakArI vacanoM kA arkakIrti para koI prabhAva na par3A / . arkakIrti ke yuddhonmukha hone kI sUcanA akampana ko bhI milatI hai / ve maMtriyoM se vicAra-vimarza kara eka zAMtidUta arkakIrti ke samIpa bhejate haiM / dUta ke zAntipUrNa vacanoM ko sunakara bhI arkakIrti yuddha se virata nahIM hotA / dUta nirAza hokara vApisa A jAtA hai| isase akampana atyadhika cintita ho jAte haiM / jayakumAra cintita akampana ko dhairya baMdhAte haiM / ve unase sulocanA kI rakSA kA nivedana kara utsAhapUrvaka yuddha kI taiyArI karate haiN| rAjA akampana apane hemAMgada Adi eka sahasra putroM ke sAtha jayakumAra kI sahAyatA ke

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana liye A jAte haiM / zrIdhara, suhRda, suketu, devakIrti, jayavarmA Adi nyAyapriya rAjAgaNa jayakumAra ke pakSa meM sammilita hote haiM / jayakumAra apanI susajjita senA se sAtha yuddha kSetra meM pahu~catA hai / arkakIrti yuddha bhUmi meM A jAtA hai / arkakIrti cakravyUha kI aura jayakumAra makaravyUha kI racanA karatA hai| aSTama sarga senApati kI AjJA se yuddhasUcaka nagAr3A bajA diyA jAtA hai / donoM pakSoM kI senAe~ paraspara eka dUsare ko yuddha ke lie lalakAratI haiM / samarAMgaNa kI bhayAnaka dhvani se sabhI dizAe~ gUMja uThatI haiM / senAoM dvArA ur3I dhUla se sUrya chipa jAtA hai, sarva dizAyeM andhakArAcchanna ho jAtI haiM / gajAdhipa, rathArohI, azvArohI evaM padAti paraspara yuddha prArambha karate haiM / jayakumAra tathA usake pakSa vAle apane pratipakSiyoM kA DaTakara mukAbalA karate haiN| isI bIca jayakumAra apane pakSa ko kucha kamajora dekha kara udAsa ho jAtA hai / isa saMkaTa ke samaya svarga se nAgacaradeva Akara jayakumAra ko nAgapAza evaM arddhacandra bANa detA hai / inakI sahAyatA se jayakumAra arkakIrti ko bandI banA lete haiM / isa prakAra yuddha meM bhI jayakumAra ko hI vijaya prApta hotI hai| . . yuddha se vApisa Akara akampana apanI putrI sulocanA ko, jo jinAlaya meM baiThI thI, jayakumAra ke dhinayI hone kI zubha sUcanA dete haiM aura snehapUrvaka use ghara le Ate haiN| yuddha meM vijayI hone para bhI jayakumAra ko harSa nahIM hotA / ve yuddha kSetra ke ghAyala vyaktiyoM ko cikitsA hetu bhejate haiM / vIragati ko prApta yoddhAoM kA antima saMskAra karAte haiM aura anAthoM ko sanAtha banA dete haiM / tadanandara sabhI jinendradeva kI pUjana karate haiM / navama sarga apane jAmAtA jayakumAra ke vijayI hone para bhI arkakIrti kI parAjaya se akampana duHkhI ho jAte haiM / ve arkakIrti kI prasannatA hetu apanI dvitIya putrI akSamAlA kA vivAha usase karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya karate haiM / ve bandI bane arkakIrti ko daNDa na dekara use samajhAte haiM tathA akSamAlA se vivAha karane hetu nivedana karate haiM / arkakIrti ko apane doSa kI anubhUti hotI hai / vaha svayaM ke dvArA kiye gaye anucita kArya para pazcAtApa karatA hai| tadanantara vaha vicAratA hai ki jaba maiM Aja yuvAvasthA meM hI jayakumAra ko jIta nahIM saMkA to bhaviSya meM use jItanA asambhava hai / ataeva unase mitratA karanA hI ucita hogA /

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40 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana akSamAlA se vivAha karane para jayakumAra se merI mitratA jIvana paryanta rahegI / isa prakAra arkakIrti svayaM aneka prakAra se vicAra karatA hai aura akSamAlA se vivAha karane ke prastAva ko saharSa svIkAra kara letA hai| kAzI nareza ke prayAsa se jayakumAra aura arkakIrti meM punaH mitratA hotI hai / jayakumAra ke madhura vacanoM se arkakIrti kA manomAlinya pUrNarUpeNa dhula jAtA hai / anantara sabhI "yaticaritra" nAmaka jinAlaya meM jAte haiM aura bhagavAn kA abhiSeka, pUjana karate haiN| pUjana-bhakti kA yaha kAryakrama lagAtAra ATha dina taka calatA hai / bhagavAn kI ArAdhanA ke bAda akampana apane vacana ke anusAra apanI dvitIya putrI akSamAlA kA vivAha arkakIrti ke sAtha kara dete haiN| akSamAlA ke vivAha kArya se nivRtta hokara akampana apane sumukha dUta ko bharata cakravartI ke samIpa bhejate haiM / dUta cakravartI ko namana kara kAzI nagarI kA sArA vRttAnta vinayapUrvaka vinamra zabdoM meM kahatA hai / bharata cakravartI svayaMvara vivAha paramparA ke pravartaka rAjA akampana evaM jayakumAra kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate haiM / ve apane putra dvArA jayakumAra ke virodha ko anucita batalAte haiM / dUta samrAT ke vacanoM se santuSTa hokara vApisa A jAtA hai / vaha cakravartI se huI vArtA dvArA apane svAmI ko prasanna karatA hai / dazama sarga ____ kAzI nareza jyotiSiyoM se zubha muhUrta nikalavAkara putrI sulocanA ke vivAha kI taiyAriyA~ prArambha karate haiM / ve dUta dvArA vara jayakumAra ko rAjabhavana meM Amantrita karate haiN| kAzI nagarI kI adbhuta sajjA kI jAtI hai / ghana, suSira, Anaddha, bherI, vINA, jhAMjha Adi vividha vAdya kI madhura dhvaniyA~ brahmANDa meM phaila jAtI haiM / mahilAe~ maMgalagIta gAtI haiM / saubhAgyavatI nAriyA~ evaM sakhiyA~ sulocanA ko snAna karAtI haiM evaM vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta karatI haiN| - vadhu ke samAna hI vara ko bhI vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA hai / varayAtrA meM jayakumAra sAkSAt indra hI pratIta hote haiM / prajAjana bArAta kI zobhA dekhane ke lie apane gRhoM se nikalakara rAjapatha para A jAte haiM / rAja dvAra para pahu~cate hI kanyA pakSa ke bAndhavajana vara ko sammAnapUrvaka vivAha maNDapa meM le jAte haiM / anantara vadhU sulocanA bhI sakhiyoM ke sAtha vivAha maNDapa meM AtI hai /

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41 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ekAdaza sarga . . vara jayakumAra vadhu sulocanA ke rUpa saundarya kA avalokana karatA hai / vaha usake rUpa saundarya se atyadhika prabhAvita hotA hai / bAdaza sarga jinendra deva, jinavANI evaM guru kI aSTamaMgala dravyoM se pUjana hotI hai aura vivAha kArya prArambha hotA hai / purohita ke nirdezAnusAra yajJa-havana kriyA pUrNa hone para kanyAdAna kI rasma sampanna kI jAtI hai / gaThabandhana evaM saptapadI ke pUrNa hone para mAtA-pitA evaM guru varga vara-vadhU ko zubhAzIrvAda dete haiM / ve sabhI unake saphala jIvana kI kAmanA karate haiM, mahilAe~ maMgala-gIta gAtI haiM / vivAha ke isa zubha avasara para akampana rAjya kara (Tax) chor3a dete haiM / ve dhana kI varSA hI kara dete haiM, vara-vadhU ke daheja meM koI kamI nahIM rahatI / vivAha ke anantara dAsiyoM evaM mahilAyeM bArAtiyoM ko hAsa-parihAsa ke sAtha paMktibhoja karAtI haiN| rAjA akampana vara evaM varapakSa ko yathAzakti Adara-satkAra dvArA pUrNarUpeNa santuSTa karate haiN| . trayodaza sarga vivAha ke pazcAt jayakumAra apane zvasura akampana se hastinApura jAne kI AjJA lete haiM / rAjA akampana evaM rAnI suprabhA apane jAmAtA va putrI ke mastaka para akSata arpita karate haiM / ve unheM azrupUrNa netroM se vidA karate haiM / mAtA-pitA tathA prajA-varga vara-vadhU ko nagara sImA taka pahu~cAkara vApisa A jAte haiM / sulocanA ke bhAI unake sAtha jAte haiM / sArathi mArga meM Aye vana saundarya, vanya pazuoM ke varNana dvArA jayakumAra kA manoraMjana karatA hai / vana bhUmi pAra kara ve gaMgA ke taTa para pahu~cate haiM / nirmala jala vAlI yaha nadI rAjahaMsoM evaM kamaloM se suzobhita thI / isa nadI ke taTa para jayakumAra sasainya par3Ava DAlakara vizrAma karate haiN| caturdaza sarga jayakumAra evaM sulocanA apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha nadI ke samIpavartI udyAna meM jAte haiM / ve sabhI puSpApacaya, madhura AlApa evaM hAsya vinoda dvArA manoraMjana karate haiM / vana krIr3A meM huI thakAna ko dUra karane ke lie sabhI nadI ke taTa para pahu~cate haiM / vahA~ sabhI yugala jala uchAlate, pheMkate tathA usameM chipate hue jala-krIr3A karate haiM / snAna ke anantara navIna vastra pahanate haiM / isa samaya sUrya asta ho rahA thA /

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42 paMcadaza sarga jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana sUrya asta hone para lAla vastra pahane sandhyA rUpI nAyikA kA Agamana hotA hai / kucha samaya pazcAt rAtri kA ghora andhakAra sarva dizAoM meM phaila jAtA hai| ghara-ghara meM dIpaka prajvalita hote haiM / AkAza meM candramA kA udaya hotA hai / tAre dikhAI dete haiM / striyA~ kAmavihvala ho pati kI pratIkSA karatI haiM / 1 SoDaza sarga ardharAtri ke samaya strI-puruSoM kA dhairya samApta hone lagatA hai| ve paraspara hAsa-parihAsa evaM madyapAna karate haiM / madyapAna ke kAraNa unake netra lAla ho jAte haiN| unakI ceSTAe~ vikRta ho jAtI haiM / unakI lajjA samApta hotI hai aura hAva-bhAva, vibhrama, vilAsa Adi prakaTa hone lagate haiN| sabhI yugala paraspara mAna abhimAna aura prema kA vyavahAra karate haiM / saptadaza sarga sabhI yugala ekAnta sthala meM cale jAte haiN| surata krIr3A karate haiN| anantara nidrA - devI kI goda meM vizrAma karate haiM / aSTAdaza sarga maMgalakArI zubha prabhAta hotA hai| pUrva dizA meM lAlimA chA jAtI hai| manda manda vAyu bahatI hai| kumudinI nimIlita hotI hai aura kamalinI vikasita / candramA niSprabha ho jAtA hai / tAre vilIna ho jAte haiM / ulUka guphAoM meM cale jAte haiN| pUrva dizA meM pratApI rAjA ke samAna sUrya udita hotA hai| sabhI jAgRta hokara apane-apane kAryoM meM pravRtta ho jAte haiN| ekonaviMza sarga jayakumAra prAtaHkAlIna kriyA se nivRtta hokara snAna karate haiN| jinAlaya meM jAkara jinendra deva, jinavANI (sarasvatI), gaNadhara deva kI pUjana - stuti karate haiN| paMca-namaskAra mantra kA cintana karate hue jIvana ko saphala banAte haiM / viMzatitama sarga prabhAta vandanA ke anantara jayakumAra bharata cakravartI se bheMTa karane ayodhyA pahu~cate haiM / vahA~ sabhA bhavana meM siMhAsana para virAjamAna bharata cakravartI ko vinayapUrvaka namana karate

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43 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana haiM / bharata bhI vinata jayakumAra ko uThAkara AliMgana karate haiM / jayakumAra kSamA-yAcanA pUrvaka kAzI nagarI kA sArA vRttAnta batalAtA hai / bharata vRttAnta sunakara apane putra arkakIrti ko hI doSI ThaharAte haiM / ve mahArAjA akampana, unakI putrI sulocanA evaM jayakumAra ke kAryoM kI sarAhanA karate haiN| ve jayakumAra kA yathocita satkAra karate haiN| use tathA sulocanA ko vastrAbhUSaNa dete haiM / samrAT dvArA satkRta jayakumAra unase AjJA lekara hAthI para baiThakara gantavya sthala kI ora prasthAna karatA hai / mArga meM AyI gaMgA nadI ke madhya meM jaba vaha pahu~catA hai to usake hAthI ke Age bar3I-bar3I lahareM uThane lagatI haiM / acAnaka Aye saMkaTa ke kAraNa vaha nadI pAra karane meM asamartha ho jAtA hai / saMkaTa se vaha vyAkula ho jAtA hai| cakorIvat pratIkSArata sulocanA vinAzakArI jalapravAha se AkrAnta apane pati ko dekhatI hai | pati ke saMkaTa kA pratikAra karane ke liye sulocanA paJca-namaskAra mantra kA stavana karate hue jala meM praviSTa hotI hai / usake satItva ke prabhAva se gaMgA kA jala atyalpa raha jAtA hai / gaMgA devI satI sulocanA ke zIla se prabhAvita hotI hai / vaha nadI ke taTa para sulocanA kI divya vastrAbhUSaNoM se pUjA karatI hai / yaha dekhakara jayakumAra Azcarya cakita hotA hai / gaMgAdevI usakI jijJAsA zAnta karate hue kahatI hai - maiM pUrva janma meM sulocanA kI dAsI thI / sarpiNI ke kATane para sulocanA ne mujhe paJca-namaskAra mantra sunAyA thA, jisake prabhAva se maiMne yahA~ devI kA janma prApta kiyA hai / jayakumAra se dveSa rakhane vAlI sarpiNI ne yahA~ caNDikA devI ke rUpa meM janma liyA hai / usI ne pUrva janma ke dveSa ke kAraNa nadI meM upadrava kiyA hai / avadhijJAna se maiMne sva-upakAraka sulocanA ko saMkaTagrasta jAnA, ataH maiM yahA~ AyI hU~ / jayakumAra madhura vacanoM se gaMgAdevI ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiN| anantara sulocanA apane pati jayakumAra kI pUjana karatI hai / ekaviMzatitama sarga - jayakumAra kI AjJA se sainika hastinApura jAne kI taiyArI karate haiM / jayakumAra aura sulocanA rathArUr3ha hokara prasthAna karate haiM / mArga ke manohara dRzyoM dvArA jayakumAra sulocanA kA manoraMjana karate hue eka vana meM pahu~cate haiM / vana kI zItala havA se unakI thakAna dUra ho jAtI hai / vana-saundarya kA avalokana kara ve harSita hote haiM / vana bhUmi ko pAra kara ve Age bar3hate haiM, jahA~ zabaroM (mlecchoM) ke rAjA unheM gajamuktA, puSpoM evaM phalAdi kA upahAra dete haiM / anantara ve gopoM kI bastI meM pahuMcate haiM / sulocanA vahA~ ke prAkRtika saundarya evaM jIvana kA avalokana kara Anandita hotI hai / gopa-gopiyA~ dUdha, dahI se unakA

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana svAgata karate haiM evaM Adara-sammAna se unheM santuSTa karate haiM / jayakumAra unase kuzalakSema pUchate haiM / tadanantara unase snehamayI vidA lekara punaH yAtrA prArambha karate haiM / hastinApura pahu~cane para jayakumAra evaM nava-vadhU sulocanA kA prajA varga evaM mantrI varga susvAgata karate haiM / mahilA varga rAjamahala meM pahu~cakara navavadhu sulocanA ke mukha kA avalokana karatI haiM aura Anandita hotI haiM / navavadhU ke svAgata meM mahilAe~ maMgalagIta gAtI haiM / ___ jayakumAra apane sAle hemAMgada Adi ke samakSa sulocanA ke mastaka para paTTarAjJI kA paTTa bAMdhakara "pradhAna mahiSI' ke pada se sammAnita karate haiM / isase sulocanA ke bhAI prasanna hote haiM aura jayakumAra ke isa kArya kI prAsA karate haiM | jayakumAra hemAMgada Adi ke sAtha gUDhArtha pUrvArdha aura gUDhArtha parArdha se yukta vyarthaka yuktiyoM ke dvArA hAsa-parihAsa, nagara bhramaNa, vinoda goSThI karate haiM / bahuta samaya bItane para hemAMgada Adi apane bahanoI se kAzI jAne kI anumati lete haiM / jayakumAra unheM ratna, AbhUSaNa ityAdi upahAra dete haiN| ve jayakumAra ko savinaya praNAma kara hastinApura se prasthAna karate haiM / kAzI pahu~cakara apane pitA zrI ko bahina kI sukha-samRddhi ke samAcAra se avagata karAte haiM / rAjA akampana apane gRhastha jIvana ke kartavyoM se mukta hokara AtmakalyANa ke mArga para agrasara hote haiM / dvAviMzatitama sarga jayakumAra aura sulocanA gRhasthadharma evaM rAjadharma kA nirvAha karate hue sukhapUrvaka apanA samaya bitAte haiN| trayoviMzatitama sarga ____ jayakumAra rAjya bhAra apane anuja vijaya ko sauMpate haiM aura svayaM prajA ke hitakArya meM saMlagna ho jAte haiM / eka dina rAjA jayakumAra jaba apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha mahala kI chata para baiThe the, tabhI unhoMne AkAza mArga se jAte hue vidyAdhara ke vimAna ko dekhA, isase unheM * jAtismaraNa hotA hai aura ve "prabhAvatI" kahakara mUrchita ho jAte haiM / isI avasara para sulocanA bhI AkAza mArga meM kapota yugala ko dekha "hA rativara" zabda kahakara mUrchita ho jAtI haiM / zItalopacAra se donoM hI saceta hote haiM parantu vahA~ upasthita sapatniyA~ sulocanA ke caritra para sandeha karatI haiM / caitanya avasthA prApta hone para jayakumAra va sulocanA donoM ko avadhijJAna hotA hai / jayakumAra apane janmAntara kA vRttAnta kahane ke lie sulocanA ko prerita karate haiM / sulocanA dvArA varNita pUrva janma kA kathAnaka isa prakAra hai -

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45 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana jambUdvIpa ke videha kSetra meM puNDarIkiNI nagarI hai / vahA~ kuberapriya seTha sapatnIka rahatA thaa| usake yahA~ rativara kabUtara aura ratiSeNA nAmaka kabUtarI rahatI thI / eka dina seTha ne do muniyoM ko AhAradAna diyA / munirAja ke darzana se kapota yugala ko jAtismaraNa huA / aba usa yugala ne brahmacarya dhAraNakara apanA zeSa jIvana vyatIta kiyA / dharma ke prabhAva se donoM ne manuSya janma dhAraNa kiyA / vijayArdha parvata ke eka zAsaka Adityagati evaM rAnI zaziprabhA ke yahA~ rativara ke jIva ne "hiraNyavarmA" putra ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| isI parvata para anya rAjA vAyuratha aura rAnI svayaMprabhA thii| ratiSeNA unake yahA~ "prabhAvatI" nAmaka putrI huI / isa janma meM bhI hiraNyavarmA aura prabhAvatI kA vivAha huA / saMsAra ke vicitra svarUpa ko jAnakara donoM ne jinadIkSA aMgIkAra kii| . eka dina pUrvabhava ke vairI vidyutacora ne jaba inheM tapa karate hue dekhA to krodhAveza meM Akara ina muni tathA AryikA ko jalA diyA / samatAbhAva pUrvaka zarIra kA tyAgakara unhoMne svarga meM janma liyA / svarga se eka bAra ye donoM svecchA se bhramaNa karate hue sarpa-sarovara ke samIpa pahu~ce / vahA~ Atmahita meM saMlagna kevalI ke darzanakara deva dampatti harSita hue / unase saMsAra kI vicitratA kA sandeza prApta huA / unhoMne batalAyA ki jaba deva (kabUtara kA jIva) kabUtara janma se pUrva sukAnta ke rUpa meM janmA thA usa samaya vaha usake bhavadeva nAmaka zatru the| phira vaha kabUtara ke janma samaya bilAva evaM hiraNyavarmA kI janmAvadhi meM vidhucora ke rUpa meM unake zatru bane the / vartamAna meM ve bhIma nAmaka kevalI haiN| isa prakAra sulocanA ne spaSTa kiyA ki jayakumAra ne hI sukAnta, rativara kabUtara, hiraNyavarmA aura svarga ke deva ke rUpa meM janma liyA thA aura ve hI isa janma meM usake pati bane / sulocanA ne apane pati dvArA kiye prazna ke uttara meM ukta kathAnaka kahA, jisase sapaliyoM kA sandeha sahaja hI dUra ho gayA / vidyAdhara ke janma meM siddha kI gaI vidyAoM ne bhI yahA~ inakA dAsatva svIkAra kiyaa| pUrva janma ke isa vRttAnta se saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA jAnakara jayakumAra aura sulocanA vastu-svarUpa kA cintana karate haiM | dharma ke prati unakI ruci aura bhI dRr3ha ho jAtI hai| caturvizatitama sarga vidyAoM ke prApta hone para jayakumAra aura sulocanA kI tIrthATana karane kI icchA hotI hai / vidyAoM kI sahAyatA se gagana-vihAra karate hue ve sumeru parvata para jAte haiM / vahA~ para solaha jinAlayoM kI vandanA karate haiM / tadanantara ve gajadanta parvatoM, vizAla vakSAragiriyoM, iSvAkAra parvatoM evaM ar3hAI dvIpa meM vidyamAna anya jina-caityAlayoM kI vandanA karate haiM /

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana isa prakAra vandanA aura bhramaNa karate hue ve kailAza parvata para pahu~cate haiM / vahA~ sthita jinAlaya meM pahu~cakara bhagavAn ke caraNa kamaloM meM puSpa arpita kara unheM tIna pradakSiNA dete haiM / jala, candana, akSata, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa, phala aura argha rUpa dravyoM se prabhu kI pUjana karate haiM / sphaTika maNi kI mAlA lekara parameSThi vAcaka mantra kA jApa evaM unakA guNAnuvAda karate haiN| anta meM jinendra deva kI caraNaraja mastaka se lagAkara ve jinAlaya se bAhara Ate haiN| parvata para vihAra karate hue ve dampatti eka dUsare se kucha dUra ho jAte haiM / usI samaya saudharma indra kI sabhA meM raviprabha deva jayakumAra va sulocanA ke zIla kI prazaMsA sunatA hai / vaha apanI kAJcanA nAmaka devI ko unake zIla kI parIkSA karane hetu bhejatA hai / vaha devI kAlpanika kathA kahate hue jayakumAra ke rUpa saundarya kI mahatI prazaMsA karatI hai / vaha aneka kAma ceSTAoM se use vicalita karane kA prayAsa karatI haiM, parantu use saphalatA nahIM milatI / jayakumAra hI usake kArya kI nindA karate hue use sad zikSA detA hai / devI jayakumAra ke udAsInatA se paripUrNa vacanoM ko sunatI hai / krodhita ho vaha rAkSasI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara jayakumAra ko uThA kara bhAgane lagatI hai / yaha dekha kara jaba satI sulocanA usakI bhartsanA karatI hai to vaha devI jayakumAra ko chor3a kara calI jAtI hai / tatpazcAt vaha devI zIghra hI raviprabha deva ke sAtha AtI hai / ve donoM zIla kI parIkSA meM saphala jayakumAra va sulocanA kI pUjA karate haiM / isa prakAra tIrthayAtrA kara ve svagRha vApisa A jAte haiM aura santoSa pUrvaka jIvana yApana karate haiN| paJcaviMzatitama sarga ke jayakumAra tIrtha yAtrA se vApisa Ane para vastu ke svarUpa para vicAra karate haiM / ve saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA, niHsAratA kA pratyakSa anubhava karate haiM / vastu svarUpa ke cintana se usakA vairAgya bhAva jAgarita hotA hai / vaha saMsAra, zarIra aura indriya viSaya bhogoM se udAsIna ho jAte haiN| par3aviMzatitama sarga ___ jayakumAra rAjya bhAra saMbhAlane meM dakSa apane putra anantavIrya kA zAstrokta vidhi se rAjyAbhiSeka karate haiM / anantara use rAjanIti kA upadeza dete haiM / ve mantriyoM va sainikoM -

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47 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ko apanA antima udbodhana dekara sabhI se kSamAyAcanA karate haiM / phira ve sabhI se gRha tyAga kI anumati lete haiM aura AdinAtha bhagavAn ke samavazaraNa meM pahu~cate haiM / tIrthaMkara ke darzana kara ve romAMcita ho jAte haiM / jayakumAra zraddhA se bhagavAna kI pUjana stuti karate haiM aura Atma-kalyANa kA mArga jAnane hetu nivedana karate haiM / saptaviMzatitama sarga prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva gRhastha aura muni kI tulanA karate hue jayakumAra ko sAdhu kA AcAra evaM dharma kA svarUpa samajhAte haiM / vaha upadezAmRta pAnakara jina-dIkSA aMgIkAra karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya karatA hai / aSTAviMzatitama sarga rAjA jayakumAra samasta parigrahoM kA tyAga kara nirgrantha digambara muni bana jAte haiN| ve municaryA kA pAlana karate hue jJAna-dhyAna meM lIna rahate haiM / kramazaH guNasthAnoM ko pAra kara ve kevalajJAnI ho jAte haiM / anta meM zAzvata sukha (mokSa) prApta karate haiN| bharata cakravartI kI paTTarAjJI subhadrA ke samajhAne para rAnI sulocanA bhI brAhmIAryikA se jina-dIkSA aMgIkAra karatI hai / tapa karate hue zarIra kA tyAga kara acyutendra nAmaka solahaveM svarga meM indra kA janma dhAraNa karatI hai / jayodaya kA kathAsrota jayodaya mahAkAvya ke upajIvya grantha nimnalikhita haiM - AcArya jinasena tathA guNabhadrAcArya kRta Adi- purANa bhAga 2, mahAkavi puSpadanta dvArA viracita mahApurANa bhAga 2, puNyAsrava kathAkoza, hastimalla kRta vikrAnta kaurava nATaka, vAdicandra bhaTTAraka kRta sulocanA carita, brahmacArI kAmarAja praNIta jayakumAra carita tathA brahmacArI prabhurAja viracita jayakumAra carita / jayodaya kI kathA kA AdipurANa se adhika sAmya hai / ataH AdipurANa hI jayodaya kA kathAsrota hai / AdipurANa meM varNita kathAnaka kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai - ____ hastinApura ke zAsaka somaprabha the / unakI rAnI kA nAma lakSmIvatI thA / unake jaya, vijaya Adi pandraha putra the / eka bAra rAjA somaprabha saMsAra se virakta hokara apane prathama putra jayakumAra ko rAjya sauMpate haiM aura svayaM vRSabhadeva ke samIpa jAte haiN| eka bAra jayakumAra zIlagupta muni se dharmopadeza sunatA hai / yaha upadeza usake sAtha eka sarpa dampatti

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana bhI sunatA hai / eka samaya punaH jayakumAra vana meM jAtA hai / vaha ukta sarpiNI ko anya sarpa ke sAtha ramaNa karate dekhatA hai / vaha use pRthak karane kA prayAsa karatA hai / sainika bhI unheM kaMkar3a patthara se Ahata kara dete haiM / jisase sarpiNI apane pUrva pati nAgakumAra kI palI banatI hai aura sarpa gaMgA nadI meM kAlI nAmaka jaladeva ke rUpa meM janma letA hai / sarpiNI ukta vRttAnta dvArA apane pati ko jayakumAra ke viruddha uttejita karatI hai to vaha krodhita hokara use mArane ke lie usake mahala meM jAtA hai / vahA~ jayakumAra ke mukha se vana kA vRttAnta sunatA hai to usakA ajJAna dUra ho jAtA hai / jayakumAra kI pUjA kara usakA sevaka bana jAtA hai| bharata kSetra kI kAzI nagarI ke rAjA akampana evaM rAnI suprabhA thI, jinake eka hajAra putra aura sulocanA tathA akSamAlA nAmaka do putriyA~ thIM / sarvaguNa sampanna sulocanA aSTAhnikA parva kI pUjana kara zeSAkSata dene pitA ke samIpa jAtI hai / zeSAkSata le pitA putrI ko pAraNA karane ke liye kahate haiM / apanI putrI ko pUrNa yuvatI dekha ve usake vivAha ke viSaya meM cintita hote haiM / mantriyoM kI salAha se ve svayaMvara karane kA nizcaya karate haiM / svayaMvara Ayojita karane hetu vibhinna dezoM ke rAjakumAroM ko AmaMtrita karate haiM / sabhI rAjakumAroM ke sthAna grahaNa karane para vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta sulocanA jinendra pUjanakara svayaMvara maNDapa meM AtI hai / mahendradatta kaMcukI sulocanA ko kramazaH sabhI Agantuka rAjAoM se paricita karAtA hai / sulocanA hastinApura nareza jayakumAra se prabhAvita hokara use varamAlA pahanAtI hai| ... sulocanA dvArA jayakumAra ke varaNa ko durmarSaNa anucita mAnatA hai / vaha apane svAmI arkakIrti aura anya rAjAgaNa ko akampana ke viruddha uttejita karatA hai / krodhita ho arkakIrti yuddhonmukha ho jAtA hai / arkakIrti ko usakA anavadyamati mantrI evaM rAjA akampana kA dUta aneka prakAra se samajhAte haiM / vaha unakI bAta na mAnakara senApati dvArA yuddha kA DaMkA bajavA detA hai / yuddha ke DaMke ko sunakara jayakumAra akampana se sulocanA kI rakSA hetu nivedana karatA hai aura svayaM apane bhAIyoM evaM anya rAjAoM ke sAtha yuddha kSetra meM jAtA hai / vaha nAgakumAra deva dvArA prApta ardhacandra bANa se yuddha meM arkakIrti ko parAjita kara nAgapAza meM bA~dha letA hai aura use akampana ko sauMpatA hai| yuddha se nivRtta ho sabhI jinendra bhagavAn kI pUjA karate haiM / rAjA akampana arkakIrti ko samajhAte haiN| unake prayAsa se jayakumAra tathA arkakIrti kI sandhi hotI hai|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana tadanantara ve apanI dvitIya putrI akSamAlA kA vivAha arkakIrti ke sAtha kara dete haiM / akampana ukta sabhI samAcAra dUta dvArA bharata cakravartI ke samIpa bhejate haiM / samrATa bharata unake kArya se prasanna hote haiN| mantrI kA patra prApta kara jayakumAra akampana se AjJA lekara hastinApura prasthAna kara dete haiN| sulocanA ke bhAI bhI unake sAtha jAte haiM / mArga meM gaMgA nadI Ane para par3Ava DAlate haiM / dUsare dina jayakumAra akelA samrATa bharata se milane ayodhyA pahu~catA hai / vaha sabhA bhavana meM pahu~ca kara siMhAsana para virAjamAna cakravartI bharata ko namana karatA hai / samrAT use madhura vacanoM se santuSTa kara kAzI ke samAcAra jJAta karate haiM aura use tathA sulocanA ko vastrAbhUSaNa pradAna kara sammAnita karate haiM / samrAT se anumati lekara jayakumAra hAthI para baiThakara vApisa gaMgA nadI ke taTa para AtA hai / vaha vahA~ zuSka vRkSa kI eka zAkhA ke agrabhAga para eka kaue ko sUrya kI unmukha hokara rote hue dekhatA hai / apazakuna ke kAraNa jayakumAra sulocanA ke aniSTa kI AzaMkA karate hue mUrchita ho jAtA hai / purohita ke vacanoM se Azvasta hokara punaH yAtrA prArambha karatA hai / sarayU aura gaMgA nadI ke saMgama para kAlI devI magara kA rUpa dhAraNakara jayakumAra ke hAthI ko pakar3a letI hai / hAthI ko DUbatA dekhakara sabhI use bacAne kA prayAsa karate haiM / sulocanA bhI paJca-namaskAra mantra kA smaraNa kara gaMgA meM praviSTa hotI hai / gaMgA devI ukta vRttAnta jAnakara kAlI devI ko DA~TatI hai tathA sabhI ko nadI ke taTa para pahu~cAtI hai tathA sulocanA kA bhavya satkAra karatI hai / yaha dekha jaba jayakumAra Azcaryacakita hotA hai to sulocanA pUrva janma kA vRttAnta batalAkara usakI jijJAsA zAnti karatI hai / jayakumAra gaMgAdevI kA AbhAra vyakta kara use bidA karatA hai / __ dUsare dina punaH yAtrA prArambha kara jayakumAra aura sulocanA hastinApura pahu~cate haiN| vahA~ prajAvarga evaM sabhAsada sabhI unakA svAgata karate haiM / jayakumAra eka dina zubha muhUrta meM utsava kA Ayojana kara sulocanA ko usake hemAMgada Adi bhrAtAoM ke samakSa sulocanA ke mastaka para paTTarAnI kA paTTa bA~dhatA hai / kucha samaya bAda sulocanA ke hemAMgada Adi sabhI bhAI kAzI A jAte haiM / akampana bhI apane putra ko rAjya sauMpate haiM evaM jina-dIkSA aMgIkAra kara tapa karate hue kevalajJAnI ho jAte haiN| eka bAra jayakumAra aura sulocanA mahala kI chata para baiThe the / jayakumAra kRtrima hAthI para baiThe vidyAdhara dampatti ko dekhakara pUrva janma kA smaraNa hone se "hA merI prabhAvatI" kahate hue mUrchita ho jAtA hai| sulocanA bhI usI samaya kapota yugala dekhatI hai aura "hA mere rativara" kaha kara aceta ho jAtI hai| zItala upacAra se unakI mUrchA bhaMga hotI hai / jayakumAra sulocanA

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50 ko sAntvanA detA hai| usase pUrva janma kA vRttAnta sunAne ke lie kahatA hai / sulocanA ne batalAyA ki ve pahale sukAnta aura rativegA ke rUpa meM janme the / vahA~ unakA zatru bhHcadeva thA / isake bAda rativara aura rativegA kapota yugala bane / yahA~ bhavadeva kA jIva bilAba ke rUpa meM unakA zatru banA / anantara kramazaH hiraNyavarmA, prabhAvatI aura zatru vidyuccora, svarga meM deva-devI tathA unakA vairI aba bhIma kevalI bane haiM / svarga ke deva devI hI vartamAna meM jayakumAra aura sulocanA ke rUpa meM hai / pUrvabhava ke smaraNa ke bAda donoM ko pUrva janma kI vidyAyeM bhI prApta hotI haiM / anantara donoM dezATana karate hue kailAzagiri pahu~cate haiN| lauTate samaya vahIM ratiprabha deva ke Adeza se kAMcanA devI jayakumAra ke zIla kI parIkSA karatI hai / vaha aneka ceSTAoM dvArA bhI use vicalita nahIM kara pAtI to use uThAkara bhAgane lagatI hai / yaha dekha sulocanA usakI bhartsanA karatI hai| devI usake zIla se bhayabhIta ho ratiprabha ke samIpa vApisa jAtI hai| raviprabha deva svarga se Akara kSamAyAcanA pUrvaka unakI pUjana karatA hai / tIrthATana ke bAda jayakumAra apane nagara vApisa pahu~cate haiM aura sukhapUrvaka dina vyatIta karate haiM / jayakumAra eka bAra tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA dharmopadeza sunate haiM / ve AtmakalyANa karane kI icchA se apane putra anantavIrya ko rAjya sauMpakara jina dIkSA aMgIkAra karate haiN| ve tapa kara ikahattaraveM gaNadhara banate haiM / bharata cakravartI kI paTarAnI subhadrA ke samajhAne para sulocanA bhI brAhmI AryikA se dIkSita hokara tapa karatI hai / sulocanA kA jIva anta meM zarIra kA tyAgakara acyutendra svarga ke anuttara vimAna meM deva banatA hai / ' mUlakathA meM parivartana aura usakA aucitya jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana santa kavi "svAntaH sukhAya aura sarvajanahitAya" ke prayojana se kAvya sRjana karate haiM / ve isa prayojana kI siddhi hetu paurANika kathAnaka kA Azraya lete haiM yA apane yuga ke vAtAvaraNa evaM samAja vyavasthA se prabhAvita hokara maulika kathAnaka kA sRjana karate haiM / ise rasa, chanda, alaMkAra, guNa, rIti Adi se alaMkRta kara kavi apanI anubhUti ko sahRdaya ke prati isa prakAra preSaNIya banAte haiM ki use grahaNa kara sahRdaya ko Ananda kI upalabdhi hotI hai| 1 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne alaukika AnandAnubhUti ke lakSya se hI jayodaya mahAkAvya kA sRjana kiyA hai / unhoMne aitihAsika kathAnaka kA avalambana liyA hai / usameM apanI navanavonmeSazAlinI pratibhA dvArA aneka parivartana kiye haiM aura use mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / 1. AdipurANa, bhAga - 2, parva 43-47

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne kRti ko rasAtmaka banAne ke lie mUlakathA meM aneka parivartana kiye haiM / unhoMne kAvya ke anAvazyaka vistAra ko rokane ke lie mUla kathA kI kucha ghaTanAoM ko chor3a diyA hai / jaise AdipurANa meM jayakumAra evaM sulocanA ke pUrva-janmoM kA vistRta varNana hai / donoM ke pratyeka janma ke sambandhiyoM se sambandhita avAntara kathAoM kA bhI vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai, jisase pAThaka ina kathAoM meM itanA ulajha jAtA hai ki use mUla kathA samajhane meM kaThinAI hotI hai| parantu jayodayakAra ne mAtra jayakumAra evaM sulocanA ke hI pUrvajanmoM kA ullekha kara kathA ko anAvazyaka bojha se mukta kara sarasa banA diyA hai| ____ kavi ne pAtroM kI cAritrika udAttatA kI rakSA ke lie bhI kucha ghaTanAoM ko apane kAvya meM sthAna nahIM diyA hai / AdipurANa meM ullekha hai ki jayakumAra eka zuSka vRkSa para baiThe sUryAbhimukha kaue ko rote dekha aniSTa kI AzaMkA se aceta ho jAte haiM / jayodayakAra ne isa ghaTanA kA parityAga kara diyA hai / isase kAvya meM bhayAnaka rasabhAsa nahIM A pAyA hai aura dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke sthairya guNa kI rakSA ho sakI hai| kAvya sRjana kA mahAkavi kA pramukha dhyeya rahA hai nAyaka ke mAdhyama se puruSArtha catuSTaya kI siddhi karanA / ataH kavi ne mUla kathA kI una ghaTanAoM evaM tathyoM ko, jo puruSArtha catuSTaya kI siddhi meM sahAyaka nahIM haiM, chor3a diyA hai / yathA AdipurANa meM jayakumAra ke mAtA-pitA pitRvya kA evaM rAjA akampana ke parivAra kA vistRta paricaya milatA hai / para mahAkavi kA prayojana mAtra jayakumAra kA udaya batalAnA rahA hai, ataH unhoMne kAvya meM prasaMgavaza jayakumAra ke pitA ke nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai / kAvya meM akampana unakI patnI evaM putrI kA paringa usa samaya milatA hai, jaba unakA dUta jayakumAra kI sabhA meM sulocanA ke svayaMvara kA samAcAra lekara jAtA hai / ' kavi dvArA kRta isa parivartana se kathAnaka kA anAvazyaka vistAra nahIM ho pAyA hai aura atyanta saphalatA pUrvaka kAvya-prayojana siddha huA - kucha sthaloM para kavi ne naye prasaMga jor3e haiM / udAharaNArtha AdipurANa meM zIlagupta munirAja se jayakumAra ke upadeza sunane mAtra kA ullekha hai / parantu jayodaya meM muni jayakumAra 1. AdipurANa, bhAga - 2, 46/19-366, 47/1-250 2. jayodaya, 23/45-97 3. AdipurANa, bhAga - 2, 45/139-141 4. vahI, 43/77-83 5. jayodaya, 3/30, 37-38 6. AdipurANa, bhAga-2, 43.88-89

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ko vistAra se dharmanIti aura rAjanIti kA jJAna karAte haiN|' AdipurANa meM sulocanA ke rUpa saundarya evaM vivAha kA saMkSepa meM varNana hai / ' mahAkavi bhUrAmalajI ne apanI kalpanA ke bala se isakA bar3hA-car3hAkara varNana kiyA hai / jisase zRMgArarasa ke prasaMga meM vRddhi ho gayI hai / AdipurANa meM mahendradatta kaMcukI rAjakumArI sulocanA ko svayaMvara sabhA meM Aye rAjakumAroM se paricaya karAtA hai| jayodaya ke kavi ne yaha kArya svarga se AyI buddhidevI se karAyA hai, jo kavi kI maulika kalpanA hai / isase rAjakumArI ke guNoM kA sAhityika bhASA meM atyanta vidvattApUrNa varNana saMgata ho gayA hai| antaHpura kI sevA meM lage eka bUr3he brAhmaNa meM aisI vidvatA saMgata nahIM hotI / dUsare vivAha ke prasaMga meM eka nArI kI mArgadarzikA nArI ko hI banAye jAne se prasaMga meM zAlInatA A gaI hai| AdipurANa meM jayakumAra ke vairAgya-cintana kA saMkSepa meM varNana hai / jayodayakAra ne isa vairAgya kA varNana eka sarga meM kiyA hai, jisase kAvya meM zAnta-rasa kI aisI sudhAdhArA pravAhita huI hai, jo mammaTa ke "sadhaH paranivRttaye" kAvya prayojana ko sAkAra karatI hai / isa prakAra kavi ne mUla kathA meM Avazyaka parivartana kara kAvya ko rasAtmaka banAne kA pUrNa prayAsa kiyA hai| jayodaya kA mahAkAvyatva jayodaya eka mahAkAvya hai / bhAmaha, daNDI, vizvanAtha Adi bhAratIya kAvyazAstriyoM ne mahAkAvya ke jo lakSaNa batalAye haiM ve isameM akSarazaH prApta hote haiM / yaha usake nimna svarUpa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai . jayodaya mahAkAvya kI kathA aTThAIsa sargoM meM vibhakta hai / kAvya ke prArambha meM kavi ne jinendra vandanA dvArA namaskArAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa kiyA hai| 1. jayodaya, 2/1 - 137 2. AdipurANa, bhAga - 2, 43/137-337 3. jayodaya, 3/30-116, sarga - 5,6,9,10,11,12 4. AdipurANa, bhAga 2, 43 / 301 -308 5. jayodaya, 6/6 - 118 6. vahI, sarga-25 7. (a) kAvyAlaMkAra : bhAmaha, 1/19-23 (ba) kAvyAdarza : daNDI, 1/14-22 8. jayodaya, 1/1

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana AdipurANa meM varNita jayakumAra evaM sulocanA kI kathA para jayodaya kI kathAvastu AdhArita hai / jayodaya kA nAyaka jayakumAra hai / vaha kSatriya kulotpanna, dhIrodAtta, catura evaM sarvaguNasampanna hai / vaha bharata cakravartI kA senApati hai / vaha dharma, artha evaM kAma puruSArtha meM rata rahate hue anta meM tapasyA dvArA niHzreyas sukha (mokSa) prApta karatA hai / isa prakAra jayodaya meM puruSArtha catuSTaya ke varNana dvArA kAvya kA mahaduddezya spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| ___ kavi ne jayodaya meM parvata', nadI', vana, sUryodaya, sUryAsta', candrodaya, candrAsta, prabhAta', sandhyA', andhakAra, evaM rAtri kA sajIva varNana kiyA hai| isameM kAzI12, hastinApura 3, evaM ayodhyA tathA nagariyoM kA tathA vanakrIr3A'5, jalakrIr3A 6, pAnagoSThI, surata krIr3A, vivAha 9, dUtAbhimAna20, saMvAda aura tIrthayAtrA22 prabhRti kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / isakA nAyaka pratipakSI arkakIrti evaM antaHzatru kAma, krodhAdi ko parAjita kara una para vijaya prApta karatA hai23 / isa prakAra antaH evaM bAhya zatruoM para vijaya prApti kA varNana nAyakAbhyudaya ko saMketita karatA hai / isameM do sthaloM para muni evaM unake dvArA diye gaye dharmopadezoM kA bhI varNana hai / jayodaya meM aMgI rasa zAnta hai, zRMgAra, vIra, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa evaM hAsyAdi rasa zAntarasa ko puSTa karate haiN| prastuta mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu paMca sandhiyoM meM vibhAjita kI gaI hai / prathama sarga meM mukha sandhi hai, tRtIya evaM caturtha sarga kA kathAMza pratimukha sandhi hai / SaSTha sarga garbha sandhi kA ghotaka hai / saptama sarga se caturviMzati sarga ko vimarza sandhi kahA jA sakatA hai / antima cAra sarga upasaMhari pandhi ko sUcita karate haiN| 1. jayodaya, 24/2-57 13. jayodaya, 21 vA sarga 2. vahI, 13/53-59 14. vahI, 20/2-6 3. vahI, 14/4-6, 21/41-64 15. vahI, 14/7-99 4. vahI, 18/1-32, 16. vahI, 14 vA~ sarga 5. vahI, 15/1-9 17. vahI, 17vA sarga 6. vahI, 15/9, 74-82 18. vahI, 17 vA~ sarga 7. vahI, 18/63 19. vahI, sarga 10 se 12 8. vahI, sarga 18 20 vahI, 3/21-95,756-73,9/58-64 9. vahI, 15/37-53 21. vahI, sarga 7 vA sarga 10. vahI, 15/35-37 22. vahI, 24 vA~ sarga 11. vahI, 15/38-108 23. vahI, sarga 8 evaM 28 vA sarga 12. vahI, 3/30 24. vahI, sarga - 25 evaM 28 vA sarga

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jora jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana mahAkavi ne kAvya ke kucha sarga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga kara anta meM chanda parivartita kiyA hai tathA kucha sargoM meM tIna, cAra yA usase adhika chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai aura anta meM chanda badala diyA hai / jayodaya ke pratyeka sarga kA nAmakaraNa usameM varNita kathAMza ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / jaise antima sarga meM jayakumAra ke mokSaprApti kI ghaTanA kA citraNa kiyA hai, ataH isa sarga kA nAma "tapaH pariNAma" hai / pratyeka sarga ke anta meM agrima sarga ke ghaTanA kI sUcanA milatI hai| kAvya zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaMkAra ke bhedoM evaM cakrabandha citrAlaMkAra se alaMkRta hai| isameM apratyakSa rUpa se nAyaka ke guNa varNana dvArA sajjana kI prazaMsA aura pratinAyaka arkakIrti ke parAbhava ke citraNa se durjana kI nindA kI gaI hai / ' ___ mahAkAvya kA nAma bhI nAyaka jayakumAra ke nAma para rakhA gayA hai / nAyaka kI bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika unnati kA citraNa hone se isakA jayodaya nAma sArthaka hai / isake atirikta mahAkavi ko kAvya kA "sulocanA svayaMvara' nAma bhI abhipreta hai / isa nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra hai - kAvya kI pramukha ghaTanA svayaMvara sabhA meM sulocanA dvArA jayakumAra kA vrnn| isa ghaTanA ke AdhAra para jayakumAra va arkakIrti kA yuddha hotA hai aura jayakumAra ke parAkrama kA paricaya milatA hai / kAvya ke donoM hI nAma mAnya haiM para "jayodaya' saMkSipta aura sArthaka nAma hai| jayodaya kA uparyukta vaiziSTya use mahAkAvyocita garimA pradAna karane meM pUrNa samartha tathA sakSama bhI hai| jayodaya kI kAvyAtmakatA ___vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam' arthAt jo ukti sahRdaya ko bhAvamagna kara de, mana ko chU le, hRdaya ko Andolita kara de, use kAvya kahate haiM / kAvya kI yaha paribhASA sAhitya darpaNakAra AcArya vizvanAtha ne kI hai, jo atyanta sarala aura saTIka hai / aisI ukti kI racanA taba hotI hai jaba mAnavacarita, mAnava Adarza evaM jagat ke vaicitrya ko kalAtmaka rIti se prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / kalAtmaka rIti kA prANa hai bhASA kI

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana lAkSaNikatA evaM vyaMjakatA | bhASA ko lAkSaNika evaM vyaMjaka banAne ke upAya haiM : anyokti, pratIka vidhAna, upacAra vakratA, alaMkAra yojanA, bimba yojanA, zabdoM kA sandarbha vizeSa meM vyaMjanAmaya gumphana Adi / zabda sauSThava evaM layAtmakatA bhI kalAtmaka rIti ke aMga haiM / ina savako AcArya kuntaka ne kakrokti nAma diyA hai / kalAtmaka abhivyaMjanA prakAra meM hI saundarya hotA hai / mundara kathana kA nAma hI kAvya kalA hai / ramaNIya kathana prakAra meM DhalA kathya kAvya kahalAtA hai| "ramaNIyArthapratipAdakaH zabdaH kAvyam (paMDitarAja jagannAtha-, "sArabhUto hyarthaH svazabdAnabhidheyatvena prakAzitaH sutarAmeva zobhAmAvahati", dhvanyAloka-4) ye uktiyA~ isa tathya kI puSTi karatI haiN|2. kalAtmaka abhivyaMjanA se bhASA meM bhAvoM ke svarUpa kA nirdeza karane ke bajAya anubhUti karAne kI zakti A jAtI hai tathA kathana meM ramaNIyatA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / kisI strI ke mukha ko sundara kahane se usake sundara hone kI sUcanA mAtra milatI hai, kintu use candramA yA kamala kahane se usake saundarya kI anubhUti hotI hai; kyoMki candramA aura kamala ke maundarya kA hameM anubhava hotA hai / ataH ye zabda hamAre anubhava ko jagAkara mukha ke saundarya ko mAnasapaTala para dRzya banA dete hai / kisI ke atyaMta kruddha hone para hama yahI kaheM ki vaha atyanta kruddha ho gayA to isase usake krodhAtireka kI jAnakArI hI milegI, krodhAbhibhUta avasthA kI anubhUti na hogI / isake bajAya hama yaha kaheM ki "vaha Aga babUlA ho gayA" yA "usakI A~khoM ke aMgAre jalane lage" to usakI krodhAbhibhUta dazA A~khoM ke sAmane sAkAra ho jAyegI / koI yuvaka kisI yuvatI se behada prema karatA hai to aisA hI kahane se usake prema kI utkaTatA kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA, kintu "vaha usa para maratA hai" aisA kahane se usake prema kI utkaTatA anubhava meM A jAtI hai / kisI ko khataranAka kahane se kevala usake khataranAka hone kI sUcanA milatI hai, lekina sA~pa kahane se usake khataranAkapana kI sImA mana ko bhAsa jAtI hai / isa prakAra jaba vastu ke svabhAva, mAnava anubhUtiyoM evaM vyApAroM ko unake vAcaka zabda dvArA nirdiSTa na kara upamA upacArAdi (lAkSaNika prayoga) janya bimboM, manobhAvoM ke 1. mUka mATI anuzIlana (pANDulipi) : DaoN. ratanacanda jaina, pRSTha - 1 2. mUka mATI anuzIlana (pANDulipi) : DaoN. ratanacanda jaina, pRSTha - 1 3. mUka mATI anuzIlana (pANDulipi) : DaoN. ratanacanda jaina. pRSTha - 1

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* 56 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana sUcaka bAhya vyApAra rUpa anubhAvoM, sandarbha vizeSa ke vAhaka zabdoM tathA sandarbha vizeSa meM gumphita zabdoM ke dvArA abhivyakti kiyA jAtA hai, taba bhASA bhAvoM ke svarUpa kI anubhUti karAne yogya banatI hai| ina tatvoM ke dvArA vastu ke saundarya kA utkarSa, mAnava manobhAvoM evaM anubhUtiyoM kI utkaTatA, tIkSNatA, ugratA, kaTutA, udAttatA evaM vIbhatsatA, manodazAoM kI gahanatA, kiMkartavyavimUr3hatA, paristhitiyoM aura ghaTanAoM kI hRdaya drAvakatA, marmacchedakatA tathA AhlAdakatA Adi anubhUtigamya ho jAte haiM / inakI anubhUti sahRdaya ke sthAyIbhAvoM. ko udbuddha karatI hai, jisase vaha bhAvamagna yA rasamagna ho jAtA hai / kathana kI viziSTa paddhati se AvirbhUta ramaNIyatA bhI use AhlAdita karatI hai / kathana kI yaha viziSTa paddhati hI zailI kahalAtI hai / isa zailI meM gumphita bhASA kAvya bhASA kahalAtI hai / bhAratIya kAvyazAstrI kuntaka ne isa zailI ko vakratA zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| bhAratIya kAvyazAstriyoM ne ise cayana (silekzana) aura vicalana (DevIyezana phArma nArmas ) nAma diye haiN| ' jayodaya kA kAvyatvaM isa kasauTI para kharA utaratA hai / mAnava carita tathA mAnava Adarza prastuta mahAkAvya kA viSaya hai / mahAkavi ne apanI uktiyoM ko lAkSaNikatA evaM vyaMjakatA se maNDita kara arthAt unameM vakratA lAkara hRdayasparzI banAyA hai, jisase jayodaya kI bhASA meM apUrva kAvyAtmakatA AvirbhUta huI hai / mahAkavi ne bhASA ko kAvyAtmaka banAne vAle prAyaH sabhI zailIya upAdAnoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / upacAra vakratA, pratIka vidhAna, alaMkAra yojanA, bimba yojanA, zabdoM kA sandarbha vizeSa meM vyaMjanAmaya gumphana, muhAvare, lokoktiyA~, sUktiyA~ Adi sabhI tattvoM se unakI bhASA maNDita hai| ina sabhI kA vizleSaNa uttaravartI adhyAyoM meM kiyA jA rahA hai| 9. mUka mATI anuzIlana (pANDulipi) : DaoN. ratanacanda jaina, pRSTha- 2

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tRtIya adhyAya | vakratA, vyaMjakatA evaM dhvani bhASA kI vyaMjakatA hI kAvya kA prANa hai / yaha eka manovaijJAnika tathya hai ki jo vastu saMvRtta hotI hai, rahasya ke AvaraNa meM chipI rahatI hai, vaha jijJAsA utpanna karatI hai, utsukatA jagAtI hai aura isa kAraNa AkarSaka evaM rocaka bana jAtI hai / jo vastu anAvRta hotI hai, usake prati AkarSaNa utpanna nahIM hotA / kisI ramaNI kA mukha pUMghaTa meM chipA ho to dekhane kI utsukatA jagAtA hai, aura yadi khulA ho to utsukatA ke lie koI avakAza nahIM rahatA / kathana zailI ke viSaya meM bhI yaha bAta satya hai / jo bAta spaSTa zabdoM meM kahI jAtI hai usameM vaisI rocakatA evaM prabhAvotpAdakatA (bhAvodbodhakatA) nahIM hotI jaisI saMketAtmaka (lAkSaNika evaM vyaMjaka) bhASA meM kahane para hotI hai / kAvyAcArya Anandavardhana ne spaSTa kathana dvArA nahIM apitu saMvRtti dvArA pratIta karAye gaye artha ko dhvanikArya kI saMjJA dI hai aura isa vyaMjaka zailI ko kathana meM cArutva' evaM nAvInya' kA saMcAra karane vAlA batalAyA hai - yasbiraso vA bhAvo vA tAtparyeNa prakAzate, saMvRtyAbhihitau vastu yatrAlaGkAra eva vA / kAvyAvaniSpaniLagyaprAdhAnyakanibandhanaH , sarvatra tatra vimI zeyaH shdyairvnaiH|| arthAt jahA~ rasa aura bhAva tAtparya rUpa se prakAzita hote haiM tathA vastu evaM alaMkAra saMvRta (AvRta) karake sampreSita kiye jAte haiM, vahA~ vyaMgyArtha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, use dhanikAvya kahate haiM / 1. uktyantareNAzakyaM yattadyArutvaM prakAzayan / zabdo vyajakatAM vibhrad dhvanyukterviSayI bhavet / / dhvanyAloka, 1/15|| 2. dhvaneryaH saguNIbhUtavyaMpyasyAMdhvA pradarzitaH, anenAnantyamAyAti kavInAM pratibhAguNaH / ato ganyatamenApi prakAreNa vibhUSitaH, vANI navatvamAyAti pUrvArthAnvayavatyapi / / vahI, 4/1-2 // 3. dhvanyAloka 3/42 kI vRtti

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana saMvRtyAbhidhAna (saMvRti dvArA sampreSaNa) kA phala hai kathana meM maundarya kA unmeSa / ise locanakAra abhinavagupta ne "saMvRtyati gopyamAnatayA labdhasaundarya ityarthaH' ina zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai| , Anandavardhana ne bhI kahA hai -. "mArabhUto hyarthaH svazabdAnabhidheyatvena prakAzitaH sutarAmeva shobhaamaavhti| arthAt sArabhUta artha jaba spaSTa zabdoM kA prayoga na karate hue vyaMjita kiyA jAtA hai, taba atyanta manohara lagatA hai / "vastucArutvapratItaye svazabdAnabhidheyatvena yatpratipipAdayitumipyate tad vyaGgyam"3 ina zabdoM meM bhI unhoMne yahI bAta kahI hai| dhvanyAlokakAra ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki vyaMjakatA ke sparza se arthAlaMkAroM meM bhI ramaNIyatA (hRdayAlAAdakatA) A jAtI hai| eka kAvyamarmajJa ne vyaMjakatA kI mahimA kA varNana nimna zabdoM meM kiyA hai / anuddaSTaH zabdairatha ca ghaTanAtaH sphuTataraH, padAnAmAtmA ramayati na tUttAnitararAH / yathA dRzyaH kiJcit pavanacalacInAMzukatayA, kucAbhogaH strINAM harati na tathonmudritamukhaH // arthAt spaSTa zabdoM meM kahI gaI vAta usa prakAra Anandita nahIM karatI, jisa prakAra AvRta karake avabhAmita kI gaI bAta karatI hai / striyoM ke khule hue stana mana ko utanA nahIM mohate, jitane AvRta stana AMcala ke ur3ane meM prakaTa ho jAne para mohane haiM / isa prakAra yaha manovaijJAnika satya hai ki vyaMjakatA ke dvArA bhASA meM eka rahasyamaya AkarSaNa, eka adbhuta rocakatA A jAtI hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki koI bhI vAta gpaSTa zabdoM meM abhihita hAne para mana ko utanA prabhAvita nahIM karatI, utanA 'bhAbolita nahIM karatI. jitanA gRr3ha zabdoM meM praphuTita hone para karatI hai| 1. dhvanyAloka locana. 3/42 2. dhvanyAloka 45 kI vRtti 3. vahI, 4/pRSTa - 466 4. vAcyAlaGkArakhagoM ya-dhvanyAloka. 3/36 5. sAhityadarpaNa. 4/14 vicArgavamarza TIkA me udadhRta, pRSTa - 325

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailAvaijJAnika anuzIlana pAzcAtya Alocaka mAikela rAvarTsa kA kathana hai -- "Deep and sublte feeling can seldom be obtained by direct methods. ___ arthAt spaSTa kathana dvArA gambhIra evaM sUkSma bhAvanAoM kA udbodhana prAyaH asambhava jo tathya gUr3ha zabdoM se prasphuTita hotA hai, vaha aisA lagatA hai jaise hamArI hI anubhUti se prasUta huA ho, isaliye vaha hameM bhAvodvelita karane meM samartha hotA hai / ina guNoM ke AdhAra para vyaMjakatA kAvyabhASA kA prANa hai | vyaMjakatA ke prakAra vyaMjakatA do prakAra kI hotI hai - abhidhAzrita aura lakSaNAzrita / jahA~ zabda kA vAcyArtha saMgata (upapanna) hote hue bhI abhipreta (vivakSita) nahIM hotA, apitu anya artha kI pratIti kA sAdhana hotA hai, vahA~ zabda meM abhidhAzrita vyaMjakatA hotI hai / jahA~ zabda kA vAcyArtha asaMgata hotA hai, to bhI jisa vastu para vaha Aropita kiyA jAtA hai, usake svasadRza dharma ke sUkSma vaiziSTya ko prakAzita karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai, vahAM zabda meM lakSaNAzrita vyaMjakatA hotI hai / ise atyantatiraskRta vAcyadhvani kahate haiM / kuntaka ne ise upacAravakratA nAma diyA hai / jahA~ rur3hi zabda (paryAyavAciyoM kA AdhArabhUta mUla zabda) kA sAmAnya vAcyArtha vAkya(vyAkaraNa) kI dRSTi se saMgata hote hue bhI tAtparya kI dRSTi se saMgata (upayukta) nahIM hotA, isaliye tAtparyopapatti ke lie savizeSa vAcyArtha (vAcyArtha ke vizeSa svarUpa) kA dyotana karatA hai vahAM bhI lakSaNAzrita vyaMjakatA hotI hai / ise Anandavardhana ne arthAntarasaMkramita vAcyadhvani tathA kuntaka ne rUdivaicitryavakratA kahA hai / 1. Critique of Poetry. Page - 32-33 2. "evaM lakSaNAmUlaM vyaMjakatvamuktam' kAvyaprakAza 4/18 3. (ka) "yo'rtha upapadyamAno'pi tAvataivAnupayogAddharmAntarasaMvalanayA anyatAmiva gato lakSyamANo'nugatadharmI sUtranyAyenAste sa rUpAntarapariNata uktaH / " dhvanyAlokalocana, 2/1 (kha) "ityatra raamshbdH| anena hi vyaGgyadharmAntarapariNataH saMjJI pratyAyyate, na sNjnyimaatrm|" dhvanyAloka, 2/1 (ga) "kamalazabda iti| lakSmIpAtratvAdidharmAntarazatacitratA pariNataM saMjJinamAhatena zuddhe'rthe mukhya bAdhAnimittaM tatrArthe taddharmasamavAyaH / tena nimittena rAmazabdo dharmAntarapariNatamarthaM lakSayati" / dhvanyAlokalocana, 2/1 (gha) anupayogAtmikA ca mukhyArthavAdhAnAstIti lakSaNAmUlatvAdavivakSitavAcyabhedaH tAsyopapannaiva zuddhArthasyAvivakSaNAt / " vahI, 2/1

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana isa prakAra zabda kA vyaMjakatva do prakAra kA hotA hai- abhidhAzrita aura lkssnnaashrit| jahA~ zabda kA abhidhArtha aura lakSyArtha abhipreta nahIM hotA, vyaMgyArtha hI abhipreta hotA hai, vahAM "dhvani" saMjJA hotI hai / ' 60 vyaMjakatA kA hetu ukti kI vakratA zabda ko vyaMjaka banAne vAlA tatva hai ukti kI vakratA yA prayoga vaicitrya / prasiddha kAvyazAstrI kuntaka ne vakratA ke nimnalikhita bheda batalAye haiM :-- 1- varNavinyAsavakratA 2- padapUrvArdhavakratA (ka) rUr3hivaicitryavakratA (kha) paryAyavakratA (ga) upacAravakratA (gha) vizeSaNavakratA (Ga) saMvRtivakratA (ca) padamadhyAntarbhUtapratyayavakratA (cha) vRttivaicitryavakratA (ja) bhAvavaicitryavakratA (jha) liMgavaicitryavakratA (Ja) kriyAvaicitryavakratA 3- padaparArdhavakratA (ka) kAlavaicitryavakratA kArakavakratA (ga) saMkhyAvakratA (gha) puruSavakratA (Ga) upagrahavakratA (ca) pratyayAntarakkatA (cha) upasargavakratA 1. yatrArthaH zabdo vA tamarthamupasarjanIkRtasvArthI / vyaGktaH kAvyavizeSaH sa dhvaniriti sUribhiH kathitaH // dhvanyAloka, 1 / 13

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana (ja) nipAtavakratA (jha) upasarganipAtavakratA 4- vastuvakratA 5- vAkyavakratA jayodayakAra ne inameM se aneka vakratAoM ke dvArA ukti ko vyaMjaka banAyA hai| arthAt kAvyAtmabhUta dhvani kI sRSTi kI hai| nimna udAharaNoM se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai rUr3hivaicitryavakratA " paryAyavAciyoM kA AdhArabhUta mUla zabda rUr3hi zabda kahalAtA hai| jaise- " dAzarathI", 'rAvaNAri" Adi jisake paryAyavAcI haiM, vaha mUla zabda hai " rAma" ataH "rAma" rUr3hi zabda hai / 63 (ka) rUdi zabda kA aisA prayoga ki vaha vAcyArtha kA bodha na karAkara prakaraNa ke anurUpa anya artha vyaMjita kare athavA usase vAcyArtha ke kisI dharma kA atizaya dyotita ho, rUr3hivaicitrpavakratA kahalAtA hai| isakA prayojana hai lokottara tiraskAra yA lokottara zalAghyatA ke atizaya kA prkaashn|' yaha arthAntara saMkramita vAcyadhvani kA hetu hai / jayodaya ke nimna padyoM meM isake udAharaNa darzanIya haiM : yAsi somAtmajasyeSTAmarkakIrtizca zarvarI / hantA'pyanucarasya tvaM kSatriyANAM ziromaNiH // 7/34 // rAjakumAra arkakIrti kA mantrI use samajhAte hue kahatA hai- jayakumAra rAjA soma kA putra hai aura Apa arkakIrti ( sUrya ke samAna kIrti vAle) haiM, phira bhI usake lie jo rAtri ke samAna iSTa hai; usa sulocanA ko Apa pAnA cAhate haiM ? isI prakAra Apa kSatriyoM ke ziromaNi hokara bhI anucara jayakumAra ko mAranA cAhate haiM, kyA yaha ucita hai ? yahA~ " arkakIrti" zabda kA prayoga isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki vaha rAjakumAra ke nAma kA bodha na karAkara usake sUryasadRza kIrtirUpa mAhAtmya kA dyotana karatA hai| ataH yahA~ rUr3hivaicitryavakratA hai| isakA prayojana hai arkakIrti ko anucita kArya se virata karanA / pazyaitasyaitAdRgrUpaM zuci ruciramagrato gaNyam / (kha) itarasya janasya punarlAvaNyaM bhavati lAvaNyam || 6 / 94 1. yatra ruDhe saMbhAvyadharmAdhyAropagarbhatA / saddharmAtizayAropagarbhatvaM vA pratIyate // lokottaratiraskArazlAghyotkarSAbhidhitsayA / vAcyasya socyate kApi rUDhivaicitryavakratA || vakroktijIvita, 2/8-9

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana sundari ! isa rAjakumAra ke rUpa ko dekho, jo dekhane meM bar3A hI manohara hai aura sabase agragaNya hai / dUsare rAjakumAroM kA lAvaNya to isake sAmane lAvaNya ( khArApana) hI 62 yahA~ dvitIya " lAvaNya" pada apane prasiddha artha "malonepana" kA bodha na karAkara vyutpatyartha "khArepana" kI pratIti karAtA hai, ataH isake prayoga meM sadvivaicitryavakratA hai I aise prayoga kA prayojana haiM prastuta rAjakumAra meM lokottara maundarya kI pratIti karAnA / paryAyavakratA jahA~ aneka zabdoM ke dvArA artha kA kathana sambhava ho, vahA~ aise paryAyavAcI kA prayoga karanA jo apane vyaMgyArtha dvArA artha ko puSTa kare yA use yuktisaMgata banAye paryAyavakratA kahalAtA hai / ' yaha zabda zaktimUlaka anuraNanarUpa padadhvani kA AdhAra hai| isakA udAharaNa jayodaya ke nimna lokoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| - (ka) bhUpAladAla kitro te mudupallavazAlinaH / rAkAntAlasannidhAnasya phalatAt sumanaskatA // 1/112 he rAjakumAra ! tuma mRdubhASI ho aura tumhArA gRha strI se suzobhita hai| tumhArA saumanasya kyA saphala nahIM hogA ? yahA~ ghara kI zobhA bar3hAne kA prasaMga hone se strI ke aneka paryAyavAciyoM meM meM "kAntA" zabda hI aucityapUrNa hai, kyoMki isase jo kAntatA yA manoharatA kA artha vyaMjita hotA hai, usase ghara ke suzobhita hone kI maMgati baiTha jAtI hai| yadi "kAntA" ke sthAna meM "abalA " Adi koI paryAyavAcI rakhA jAtA to sandarbha ke pratikUla hotA / "abalAdi" zabdoM se "kAntatva" kI vyaMjanA nahIM hotI / (kha) dhanyAH parigrahAdyUyaM viraktAH paritograhAt / 9. nityamatrAvasIdanti mAdRzA avalAkulAH || 1/107 vakroktijIvita, 2/89 abhidheyAntaratamastasyAtizayapoSakaH / ramyacchAyAntarasparzAttadalaMkartumIzvaraH / / svayaMvizeSaNenApi svacchAyotkarSapezalaH / asaMbhAvyarthapAtratvagarbhaM yazcAvidhIyate // alaMkAropasaMskAramanohArinibandhanaH / paryAyastena vaicitryaM parA paryAyavakratA / / vakroktijIvita 2/10-12 "eSa eva ca zabdazaktimUlAnuraNanarUpavyaMgyasya padadhvanerviSaya: bahuSu caivaMvidheSu satsu vAkyadhvanertA | * vakroktijIvita 2/10-12, pRSTha 209 2.

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana - - he munirAja ! Apa loga dhanya haiM, kyoMki Apa cAroM tarapha se bandhana meM bA~dhakara rakhane vAle parigraha se virakta haiN| hama jaise abalAoM meM Asakta manuSya to sadA duHkhI rahate haiN| ____ yahA~ kAminI, ramaNI, sundarI Adi zabdoM ke sthAna meM "avalA" zabda kA prayoga atyanta prasaMgAnukUla hai / isase eka nissAra vastu kA artha vyaMjita hotA hai / nissAra vastu meM Asakta hokara duHkhI rahane vAle logoM kA adhanya honA yuktiyukta hai / vizeSaNavakratA jahA~ vizeSaNa ke mAhAtmya se vastu yA kriyA kI avasthA-vizeSa kA bodha ho jisase usakI antarnihita sundaratA, komalatA, yA prakharatA prakaTa hokara rasa yA bhAva kI poSaka bana jAya, vahA~ vizeSaNavakratA hotI hai|' nimna udAharaNa jayodayakAra ke isa kauzala ko bhalI bhA~ti prakaTa karate haiM :(ka) santi gehiSu ca sajanA ahA bhogasaMsRtizarIraniHspRhAH / tattvavartmaniratA yataH sucitprastareSu maNayo'pi hi kvacit / / 2/12 - prasannatA kI bAta hai ki gRhasthoM meM bhI kucha aise sajjanoM kA sadbhAva hotA hai, jinheM saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM kI AkAMkSA nahIM hotI; kyoMki ve jJAnamArga meM nirata rahate haiM / kahIM-kahIM pattharoM meM bhI ratna mila jAte haiN| isa ukti meM "bhogasaMsRtizarIraniHspRhAH" tathA "tattvavartmaniratAH' vizeSaNoM ke prayoga se sajjanoM kA bhoganispRha tathA saMsAravirakta svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai, jisase ve zAntarasa ke vibhAva bana jAte haiN| (kha) marAlamuktasya sarovarasya dazAM tvayA'nAyitamA prazaspaH / - kazcinu dezaH sukhinAM mude sa vizuddhavRttena satA suveza // 3/24 // - he manohara vezadhArI atithivara ! nirdoSa AcaraNa karane vAle Apa satpuruSa ne sukhIjanoM ko bhI Ananda ke hetubhUta kisa deza ko haMsavihIna sarovara kI dazA meM pahu~cA diyA hai ? (arthAt Apa kahA~ se padhAre haiM ?) / yahA~ "marAlamukta'' vizeSaNa sarovara kI zobhAvihIna dazA ko bar3I cArutA se vyaMjita karatA hai / isase usa rAjA kI marAlasama zobhanakAritA tathA usake deza ko chor3akara 1. vizeSaNasya mAhAtmyAt kriyAyAH kArakasya vA / yatrollasati lAvaNyaM sA vizeSaNavakratA || - vakroktijIvita, 2/15

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64 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana cale Ane se deza kA marAlamukta sarovara kI bhA~ti zobhAhInatA ko prApta ho jAnA prabhAvapUrNa DhaMga se pratIti ke viSaya bana gaye haiM / kSaNaruciH kamalA pratidiGmukhaM suradhanuzcalamaindriyakaM sukham / vibhava eSa ca suptavikalpavadahaha dRzyamado'khilamadhruvam // 25 / 3 // dhana-sampatti bijalI kI camaka ke samAna kSaNasthAyI hai, indriyasukha indradhanuSa ke samAna caMcala haiM aura putra-pautrAdirUpa yaha vaibhava svapna ke samAna asatya hai / aho ! yaha samasta dRzyamAn jagat anitya hai / isa padya meM prayukta "kSaNaruciH", "suradhanuzcalam," "suptavikalpavad" tathA "adhruvam" vizeSaNoM se lakSmI, indriyasukha vaibhava tathA dRzyamAn jagat ke kSaNabhaMgura evaM asatya svarUpa kI pratIti hotI hai; jisase ye padArtha vairAgya ke hetu banakara zAntarasa kI raMjanA meM samartha ho gaye haiM / saMvRttivakratA jahA~ vastu ke utkarSa, lokottaratA yA anirvacanIyatA kI pratIti karAne ke lie athavA lokottaratA kI pratIti ko sImita hone se bacAne ke lie sarvanAma se AcchAdita kara usakA dyotana kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ saMvRtikkatA hotI hai / ' dhvanikAra ne ise sarvanAma vyaMjakatva kahA hai / yaha asaMlakSyakramavyaMgyadhvani kA AdhAra hai| jayodaya ke nimna padyoM se kavi kI saMvRtivakratA kA camatkAra prasphuTita hotA hai - (ka) yAma eva sadasIha parantu bhinnabhinnarucimad guNatantuH / sattanurnanu paraM janamaJcet kA dazA punaraho janamaJce || 4/28 sulocanA ke svayaMvara prasaMga meM AyA huA rAjakumAra arkakIrti socatA hai- "aba AyA hU~, to svayaMvara sabhA meM jAU~gA hI / kintu logoM ke bhAva to bhinna-bhinna ruci ke huA karate haiM / so yadi sulocanA mujhe chor3akara dUsare kA varaNa kara legI to utane janasamUha ke bIca merI kyA dazA hogI ? sulocanA ke dvArA kisI aura kA varaNa kara liye jAne para, arkakIrti kI jo ghora apamAnAspada sthiti hogI, use yahA~ "kA" sarvanAma dvArA saMvRta kiyA gayA hai, isIlie usakI ghoratA ke utkarSa kA dyotana sambhava huA hai / 9. yatra saMkriyate vastu vaicitryavivakSayA / sarvanAmAdibhiH kazcit soktA saMvRtivakratA / vakroktijIvita - 2/16 2. suptidacanasambandhaistathA kAraka zaktibhiH / kRttaddhitasamAsaizca dyotyo'lakSyakramaH kvacit // dhvanyAloka, 3 / 16

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana (ba) prajAyAH pratyupAye'sminnapAyamupapayate / bhavAdRzo pramAdanyaH pratyayaH ko niratyayaH // 7/38 - rAjakumAra arkakIrti kA anavadhamati mantrI use samajhAte hue kahatA hai - "he kumAra ! Apa jaise puruSa bhI yadi prajA kI bhalAI ke isa kArya meM burAI samajheM,to isameM bhrama ke sivA dUsarA kyA kAraNa ho sakatA hai ? yahA~ "bhavAdRzaH" sarvanAma se AcchAdita kara dene para arkakIrti kI sAtizaya vivekazIlatA vyaMjita ho jAtI hai / vRttivaicitryavakratA vyAkaraNa zAstra meM samAsa, taddhita, subdhAtu Adi ko vRtti kahate haiM / jahA~ kisI vizeSa samAsAdi ke prayoga se racanA (bhASA) meM vizeSa saundarya A jAtA hai, vahA~ vRttivaicitryakAtA kahalAtI hai| yaha bhI asaMlakSyakramavyaMgyadhvani kA heta hai| jayodaya ke nimna udAharaNa meM isakA AsvAdana kiyA jA sakatA hai - (ka) yamaya betumitaH pravicAryate sa jaya Azvapi durjaya Arya te / taruNimA kSayado yadi jAyate jarasi kiM punaratra sukhAyate / 9/22 - dUsarI ora maiM (arkakIrti) socatA hU~ ki jayakumAra ko jIta leM / yadi Aja use maiM apanI yuvAvasthA meM na jIta pAyA to aura kaba jIta sakU~gA ? yadi yauvana meM hI kSayaroga laga jAye to vRddhAvasthA meM usase mukta hokara sukhI hone kI AzA vyartha hai| yahA~ tAruNya, taruNatva, taruNatA kI apekSA imanic pratyAnta "taruNimA" zabda ke prayoga se vizeSa cArutva A gayA hai / yauvana meM sukumAratA aura lAlitya kI pratIti hotI hai / imanic taddhita pratyaya hai, ataH yahA~ taddhitavRttivaicitryavakatA hai / (kha) kalazotpattitAdAtmyamito'haM tava darzanAt / Agastyakto'smi saMsArasAgarazculukAyate // 1/103 - he bhagavAna ! Apake darzana se Aja maiM uttama sukha kA anubhava karatA huA pApamukta ho gayA hU~ / aba mere lie yaha saMsArasAgara cullUbhara pratIta hotA hai, jaisA ki agastya RSi ke lie samudra cullU ke barAbara ho gayA thA / isa padya meM "culukAyate" kriyA ke prayoga se bhASA meM saundarya A gayA hai / yaha kriyA "culukA" subanta meM AcArArtha "kyaG' pratyaya ke prayoga dvArA dhAtu banAkara niSpanna kI gaI hai, ataH yahA~ subbAtavRttivaicitryavakratA hai| 1. avyayIbhAvamukhyAnAM vRttInAM ramaNIyatA / yatrollasati sA jJeyA vRttivaicitryavakratA / / vakroktijIvita, 2/19

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana liMgavaicitryavakatA maumArya yA zRMgArarasa kI anubhUti karAne ke lie anya liMgavAcI zabda ko chor3akara strI. gavAcI zabda ke prayoga meM liMgavaicitryavakratA hotI hai / bhASika saundarya utpanna karane hetu eka hI vastu ke lie eka sAtha bhinnaliMgIya zabdoM kA prayoga tathA jo mAnavIya bhAva yA kriyA jisa liMga ke vyakti ke svabhAva se adhika anurUpatA rakhatI hai usa bhAva yA kriyA ke prasaMga meM usI liMgavAle zabda kA prayoga bhI liMgavaicitryavakratA meM AtA hai|' dhvanikAra ke anusAra yaha liMga kI vyaMjakatA hai / jayodaya meM isake udAharaNa adhika nahIM haiM / eka udAharaNa darzanIya hai - rejire radanakhaNDitoSThayA hastapAtakalitorukoSThayA / nirgalatsaghanadharmatoyayA te'JcitAH khalu ruSA sarAgayA // 7/96 - usa samaya yoddhAgaNa netra mukha Adi ko sarAga (lAla) kara dene vAlI krodhAgni (ruSa) ke dvArA AliMgita kara liye gaye, jisake vazIbhUta ho ve dA~toM se oMTha kATane lage, jaMghAoM ke UparI bhAga para hAtha paTakane lage (jaMghA Thokane lage) tathA unake zarIra se pasInA bahane lgaa| ye saba kriyAyeM taba bhI hotI haiM jaba koI sarAga (kAmAsakta) priyatamA apane priyatama kA AliMgana karatI hai / ataH yahA~ samAsokti alaMkAra ke mAdhyama se isa zRMgArAtmaka artha kI vyaMjanA ke lie pulliMgavAcaka "roSa' zabda ke sthAna meM strIliMgavAcI ruSa (ruSA - tRtIyA ekavacana) zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai tAki usase kisI "rUS" nAmaka nAyikA kA artha vyaMjita ho ske| kriyAvaicitryavakratA (1) vastu ke vaiziSTya ko vyaMjita karane ke lie viziSTa artha vAlI dhAtu kA prayoga, (2) kartA ke dvArA alokaprasiddha kriyA ke sampAdana kA kathana, (3) kartA ke dvArA 1. bhinnayorliGgayoryasyAM samAnAdhikaraNyatAH / kApi zobhAbhyudetyeSA liMGgavaicitryavakratA / / sati liMgAntare yatra strIliGgaM ca prayujyate / zobhA niSpattaye yasmAnAmaiva strIti pezalam / / viziSTaM yojyate liGgamanyasmin saMbhavatyapi / yatra cicchittaye sAnyA vAcyaucityAnusArataH / / vakroktijIvita, 2/21, 22, 23

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana anya kartA kI apekSA vicitra (adbhuta) kriyA ke sampAdana kA kathana, (4) vizeSaNa ke dvArA kriyA meM arthavizeSa ke vyaMjakatva kA AdhAna, (5) ramaNIyatA kA bodha karAne ke lie anya para anya kI kriyA kA Aropa, (6) kisI atizaya yA anirvacanIyatA kI pratIti hetu kriyA ke karmAdi kArakoM kI saMvRti, ye kriyAvaicitryakatA ke rUpa haiN|' jo asaMlakSyakramavyaMgyadhvani ke hetu haiM / isameM dhAtu kA artha vyaMjaka hotA hai / dhvanikAra Anandavardhana ne ise timanta vyaMjakatA kahA hai / jayodaya meM kriyAvaicitryavakratAjanya camatkAra nimna udAharaNoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai - (ka) cAlitavatI svale'trAmukaguNagatavAci tu sunetrA / kautukitayeva valayaM sAMguSThAnAmikopayogamayam // 6/32 - buddhidevI rAjakumArI sulocanA ko svayaMvara sabhA meM Aye hue rAjakumAroM kA kramazaH paricaya karAtI hai / jaba usane kAmarUpa ke rAjA ke guNoM kA varNana kiyA taba use suna lene ke bAda sulocanA ne anAmikA aMgulI aura aMgUThe ke dvArA apane kaMgana ko ghumA diyA jo Upara se aisA pratIta huA mAno usane vinodabhAva se ghumAyA ho| yahA~ "valayaM cAlitavatI" kriyA buddhidevI ko Age bar3hane ke Adeza kI vyaMjakatA karatI huI varNyamAna rAjA meM sulocanA kI aruci kA dyotana karatI hai / isa kriyA ke dvArA kavi ne sulocanA ke abhiprAya ko atyanta zAlInatApUrvaka vyaMjita karane kA kauzala dikhalAyA (ba) adhyAtmaviyAmiva bhavyavRndaH sarojarAji madhurAM milindaH / prItyA papI so'pi takAM sugauragAvI yathA candrakalAM cakoraH // 10/118 * vara jayakumAra ne bhI gauravarNA sulocanA ko usI prakAra prema se piyA (anurAgapUrvaka dekhane meM tallIna huA) jaise bhavyajIva adhyAtmavidyA ko, bhramara kamalapaMkti ko tathA cakora candramA ko pAkara prema se pAna karatA hai / . prastuta ukti meM "papau" (piyA) kriyA kA prayoga jalAdi tarala padArthoM ko pIne ke lokaprasiddha artha meM na kara, sundara yuvatI ko pIne ke alokaprasiddha artha meM kiyA gayA hai, isalie yahA~ kriyAvaicitryavakratA hai / isa vicitra prayoga se ukta meM cArutva ke AvirbhAva ke sAtha-sAtha jayakumAra ke sulocanA ko dekhane meM tallIna ho jAne tathA isa vyApAra se 1. katUratyantaraGgatvaM karbantaravicitratA / savizeSaNavaicitryamupacAramanojhatA / / karmAdisaMvRtiH paJca prastutaucityacAravaH / kriyAvaicitryavakratvaprakArAsta ime smRtAH / / vakroktijIvita, 2/24-25

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68 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana sulocanA ke atyadhika AkarSaka aura hRdayAhlAdaka hone kA bhAva vyaMjita kiyA gayA hai jisase kavi ke zlAghya kAvyanaipuNya kA paricaya milatA hai / kArakavakratA jahA~ acetana para cetanatva kA adhyAropa kara acetana ko cetana ke samAna kartAdi kArakoM ke rUpa meM nibaddha kiyA jAtA hai athavA kAraNa Adi gauNa kArakoM para kartRtva kA adhyAropa karane se kArakoM kA parivartana bhAvavizeSa kI abhivyaMjanA dvArA rasa kA paripoSaka evaM hRdayAhlAdaka ho jAtA hai, vahA~ kArakavakratA hotI hai / ' yathA jayodaya meM (ka) - bhUyo virarAma karaH priyonmukhaH san khaganvitastasyAH / pratyAyayau dRganto'pyardhapathAcapalatA''lasyAt || 6/119 - sulocanA jayakumAra ke gale meM varamAlA DAlanA cAhatI thI kintu usakA varamAlA vAlA hAtha jayakumAra ke sammukha jAkara bhI bAra-bAra bIca meM hI ruka jAtA thA / isI taraha usakI dRSTi bhI capalatA tathA Alasyavaza bIca rAste se lauTa AtI thI / yahA~ "varamAlA vAlA hAtha" tathA " dRSTi" jo acetana hai, cetanatva ke adhyAropa dvArA kartA ke rUpa meM nibaddha kiye gaye haiM / isase yaha vyaMjita hotA hai ki sulocanA svayaM varamAlA vAle hAtha ko nahIM rokatI thI, na hI apanI dRSTi lauTAtI thI / usakI icchA ke binA yaha saba ho rahA thaa| vaha to varamAlA DAlanA cAhatI thI aura dRSTi bhI jayakumAra kI ora hI le jAnA cAhatI thI, kintu lajjA use vazIbhUta kara letI thI aura usakI icchA ke binA yaha saba apane Apa ho jAtA thA / - yahA~ kArakavakratA ke dvArA anurAga evaM lajjA ke paraspara virodhI bhAvoM se utpanna sulocanA kI dvandvAtmaka manaHsthiti evaM anurAga para lajjA ke hAvI ho jAne kI nArI sulabha manovaijJAnika sthiti kA prabhAvazAlI abhivyaMjana huA hai / drAk papAta taraNAviva padmAnandadAyini jaye smayasadmA / dRSTirabhyudayabhAji janAnAM tejasAJca nilaye bhuvanAnAm // / 5 / 28 kamala ko vikasita karanevAle sUrya ke samAna abhyudayazIla, tInoM lokoM ke teja 1. (ka) yatra acetanasyApi padArthasya cetanatvAdhyAropeNa cetanasyaiva kriyAsamAveza lakSaNaM rasAdiparipoSaNArthaM kartRtvAdikArakaM nibaddhyate / vakroktijIvita, pRSTha-82 (kha) yatra kArakasAmAnyaM prAdhAnyena nibaddhyate / tattvAdhyAropaNAnmukhyaguNabhAvAbhidhAnataH // paripoSayituM kAJcidbhaGgIbhaNitiramyatAm / kArakANAM viparyAsaH soktA kArakavakratA / / vakroktijIvita, 2/27, 28

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ke Azraya, una mahArAja jayakumAra para saba logoM kI vismayAnvita dRSTi jA par3I / . "dRSTiH papAta" isa prayoga meM acetana dRSTi ko cetanatva ke Aropa dvArA kartA banAyA gayA hai, ataH yahA~ kArakavakratA hai / isake dvArA jayakumAra kI atyadhika prabhAvazAlitA vyaMjita kI gaI hai| saMkhyAkaratA jahA~ kathana meM vaicitrya lAne ke lie ekavacana yA dvivacana ke sthAna meM bahuvacana Adi kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai athavA jahA~ bhinna vacanoM kA sAmAnAdhikaraNya (eka hI vastu ke sAtha bhinna vacanoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ saMkhyAvakratA hotI hai / isakA prayojana hai tATasthyAdi bhAva kI pratIti kraanaa|' yaha "vacana" meM vyaMjakatA lAne kA upAya hai jo asaMlakSyakramavyaMgyadhvani kA hetu hai / jayodaya meM saMkhyAvakratA kA udAharaNa nimna padya meM dekhA jA sakatA hai - dhanyAH parigrahAyUyaM viraktAH parito grahAt / nityamatrAvasIdanti mAdRzA abalAkulAH // 1/107 - he munirAja ! sabhI prakAra ke parigrahoM se mukta hone ke kAraNa Apa loga dhanya haiN| striyoM meM Asakta mujha jaise prANI sadA duHkha bhogate haiN| __ yahA~ "tvaM" (Apa) ke sthAna meM "yUyaM" (Apa loga) kA prayoga hai / isa saMkhyA vakratA ke dvArA muniyoM aura gRhasthoM meM cAritrAzrita vargabheda ghotita kiyA gayA hai / puruSakAtA jahA~ uttama puruSa yA madhyama puruSa kA prayoga kiyA jAnA cAhiye, vahA~ vaicitrya kI utpatti ke lie prathama puruSa kA prayoga karanA puruSakAtA hai / jayodaya ke nimna padya meM puruSavakratA kA prayoga darzanIya hai - 1.. (ka) kurvanti kAvyavaicitryavivakSAparatantritAH / yatra saMkhyAviparyAsaM tAM saMkhyAvakratAM viduH / / vakroktijIvita, 2/29 (kha) tadayamatrArthaH - yadekavacane dvivacane prayoktavye vaicitryArtha vacanAntara yatra prayujyate bhinnavacanayorvA yatra samAnAdhikaraNyaM vidhIyate / vahI, pR0 260 2. (ka) pratyaktAparabhAvazca viparyAsena yojyate / yatra vicchittaye saiSA jaiyA puruSavakratA / / vahI, 2/30 (kha) tadayamatrArthaH - yadasminuttame madhyame vA puruSe prayoktavye vaicitryAyAnyaHkadAcit prathamaH pryujyte| tasmAca puruSakayogakSematvAdasmadAdeH prAtipadikamAtrasya ca viparyAsaH paryavasyati / vahI, pR0262

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70 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana mahatAmapi bho bhUmo durlabhaM yasya darzanam / bhAgyodayAcakAstIti sa pANI me mahAmaNiH // 1/106 - he munivara ! isa dharatI para jisake darzana mahApuruSoM ke lie bhI durlabha haiM, vaha mahAmaNi (Apa) mere bhAgyodaya se Aja mere hAtha meM zobhita ho rahA hai / isa ukti meM rAjA jayakumAra munivara se vArtAlApa karate samaya unheM mahAmaNi kahatA hai / yahA~ jayakumAra ke dvArA unake lie madhyama puruSa ke sarvanAma "tvam" evaM "tava" prayukta. kiye jAne cAhie kintu unakA prayoga na kara prathama puruSa ke sarvanAma "saH" aura "yasya" prayukta kiye gaye haiM / isalie yahA~ puruSa vakratA hai / isa prayoga se jayakumAra ke mana meM munirAja ke prati eka atyanta uccabhAva ke astitva kI abhivyakti hotI hai, sAtha hI uktivaicitryajanya ramaNIyatA kA bodha hotA hai| upasargavakatA jahA~ upasarga ke dvArA vastu ke vaiziSTya kA dyotanakara bhAva-vizeSa ke atizaya kA bodha karAyA jAtA hai athavA usake dvArA vibhAvAdi sAmagrI upasthitakara rasAbhivyakti kI jAtI hai, vahA~ upasargavakatA hotI hai|' yathA jayodaya meM - (ka) bharatezatugeSa tavAva rateH smaravat kimarkakIrtirayam / ambhojamukhi bhavetsukhi AsyaM pazyan suhAsamayam // 6/14 // - he kamalamukhI ! yaha cakravartI bharata kA putra arkakIrti hai / kyA yaha tumhAre manohara hAsa se suzobhita mukha ko dekhate hue usI prakAra sukha prApta karegA jisa prakAra rati kA mukha dekhakara kAmadeva prApta karatA hai? (arthAt kyA tuma isakA varaNa karanA cAhogI ?) yahA~ "suhAsamayam Asyam" meM "su" upasarga ke dvArA hAsa kI manoharatA vyaMjita karate hue mukha kA saundaryAtizaya dhotita kiyA gayA hai, jo uddIpana vibhAva ke rUpa meM zRMgAra rasa kI abhivyakti kA hetu bana gayA hai / ataH yahA~ "su" upasargavakratA se maNDita (ba) pratyupetya nijagI vacoharaH preritaiNapativadayAraH / durnivAra iti naiti no girazcakravartitanayo mahIzvara // 7/71 // 1. rasAdidyotanaM yasyamupasarganipAtayoH / vAkyaikajIvitatvena sA parA padavakratA | vakroktijIvita, 2/33

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana - he rAjan ! cakravartI bharata kA putra arkakIrti to isa samaya uttejita siMha ke samAna durnivAra ho gayA hai / hamArI eka bhI nahIM sunatA / yahA~ "durnivAra" pada meM "dur' upasarga arkakIrti ke krodha kI uddAmatA kA prakAzana kara raudra rasa ke uddIpana vibhAva kI yojanA meM sahAyaka bana gayA hai| ataH isa upasarga meM apUrva vakratA suzobhita ho rahI hai / nipAtakakatA nipAta bhI jahA~ bhAvavizeSa kI vyaMjanA dvArA rasadhotana meM sahAyaka hotA hai, vahA~ nipAtakakatA hotI hai|' jayodaya ke nimna padoM meM isa vakratA kA vilAsa dRSTavya hai - (ka) gaNaruciH kamalA pratidimukhaM suradhanuzcalamaindriyakaM sukham / vibhava eSa ca suptavikalpavadahaha dRzyamado'khilamadhuvam // 25/3 ___- dhana sampatti bijalI kI camaka ke samAna kSaNasthAyI hai, indriya-sukha indradhanuSa ke samAna caMcala hai aura putra-pautrAdirUpa yaha vaibhava svapna ke samAna asatya hai / aho ! yaha samasta dRzyamAna jagat anitya hai| yahA~ "ahaha" nipAta saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA kI pratIti se utpanna Azcarya evaM nirveda kA dyotana karatA hai,kyoMki abhI taka unheM sthAyI mAna rakhA thA / yaha tattvajJAna janya Azcarya evaM nirveda zAntarasa kI anubhUti kA hetu hai / isaprakAra ukta nipAta vakratA se samanvita hai| (ba) yadi ko jayaiSiNI tvaM dRkzAravidaM tataziklimenam / . avi bAle'smin kAle majA baghAnAvilambena // 6/116 __ - buddhidevI svayaMvara sabhA meM rAjakumAroM kA paricaya detI huI jaba rAjA jayakumAra ke samIpa AtI hai taba sulocanA se kahatI hai - "arI bAle! yadi tU vijaya cAhatI hai, to isa samaya isa rAjakumAra ko varamAlA ke baMdhana se bA~dha le; kyoMki isa samaya yaha tere dRgbANoM se ghAyala hokara zithila ho rahA hai| __ isa ukti meM "bho" aura "ayi" nipAta buddhidevI ke vAtsalya-bhAva, hitaiSitA evaM Agraha ke dyotaka haiM, jo vAtsalyarasa ke abhivyakti ke nimitta haiN| . 1. rasAdidyotanaM yasyamupasarganipAtayoH / vAkyaikajIvitatvena sA parA padavakratA / / vakroktijIvita, 2/33

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana upacAravaktA lAkSaNikatA kAvyabhASA kA pramukha lakSaNa hai / yaha upacAra vakratA se AtI hai / upacAravakratA kA tAtparya hai anya ke sAtha anya ke dharma kA prayoga / arthAt mAnava ke sAtha mAnavetara ke dharma kA prayoga, mAnavetara ke sAtha mAnava ke dharma kA prayoga, jar3a ke sAtha cetana ke dharma kA prayoga, cetana ke sAtha jar3a ke dharma kA prayoga, amUrta ke sAtha mUrta ke dharma kA prayoga, mUrta ke sAtha amUrta ke dharma kA prayoga, dharmI ke sthAna meM dharma kA prayoga, lakSya ke sthAna para lakSaNa kA prayoga, eka acetana ke lie dUsare acetana ke dharma kA prayoga, viparIta vizeSaNa kA prayoga, kalpita vizeSaNa kA prayoga, eka hI vastu ke sAtha paraspara viruddha dharmoM kA prayoga, asambhava sambandhoM kA prayoga, bhinna dravyoM meM abheda kA Aropa ityAdi / Adhunika zailIvijJAna meM ina asAmAnya prayogoM ko vicalana kahate haiN| bhAratIya kAvyazAstrI kuntaka ne ise upacAravakatA kA nAma diyA hai|' anya kAvyamarmajJoM ne inheM lAkSaNika prayoga kI saMjJA dI hai| upacAravakratA kA mahattva upacAra vakratA se bhASA bhAvoM ke svarUpa kI anubhUti karAne yogya bana jAtI hai| usake dvArA vastu ke saundarya kA utkarSa, mAnava manobhAvoM evaM anubhUtiyoM kI utkaTatA, tIkSNatA, ugratA, udAttatA yA vIbhatsatA, manodazAoM kI gahanatA, kiMkartavyavimUr3hatA, paristhitiyoM aura ghaTanAoM kI hRdayadrAvakatA yA AhlAdakatA Adi vizeSatAe~ anubhUtigamya ho jAtI haiN| inakI anubhUti sahRdaya ke sthAyibhAvoM ko ubuddha karatI hai, jisase vaha bhAvamagna yA rasamagna ho jAtA hai| kathana kI vicitra paddhati se AvirbhUta ramaNIyatA bhI use AhlAdita karatI hai| upacAravakratA kA prayoga uparyukta prayojanoM se hI kiyA jAtA hai / upacAravakrabhASA meM lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA zaktiyA~ hI kArya karatI haiM, kyoMki vahA~ mukhyArtha saMgata nahIM hotA / lakSaNa ke dvArA sandarbhAnukUla artha pratipAdita hotA hai, vyaMjanA prayojanabhUta artha kI pratIti karAtI hai| jayodaya meM upacAravaktA - mahAkavi bhUrAmalajI ne upacAravakratA kA pracura prayoga kiyA hai aura usake dvArA bhAvoM ke viziSTa svarUpa ko anubhUtigamya tathA abhivyakti ko ramaNIya banAyA hai / yaha nimna udAharaNoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai : - 1. yatra dUrAnte'nyasmAtsAmAnyamupacaryate / lezenApi bhavat kAcidvaktumudriktavRttitAm / yanmUlA sarasollekhArUpakAdiralaMkRtiH / upacArapradhAnAsau vakratA kAciducyate / vakroktijIvita, 2/13-14

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73 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana mAnava ke sAtha tiryaMca ke dharma kA prayoga -krodhAtizaya kI vyaMjanA ke lie nimna uktiyoM meM mAnava ke sAtha siMha ke dharma "garjanA karanA" kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai - "tIvra prahAra ke kAraNa mUrchita yoddhA para hAthI kI saiMDa ke jalakaNa gire to vaha hoza meM Akara garjanA karane lagA / ". dRDhaprahAraH pratipaya mUrchAmibhasya hastAmbukaNA atucchAH / jagarna kazcittvanubaddhavairaH siktaH samutthAya takaiH skhairH|| 8/26 // svayaMvara sabhA meM sulocanA dvArA varaNa na kiye jAne para apamAnita arkakIrti apane mitra durmarSaNa se kahatA hai - "merA garjana sunakara rAjahaMsa (rAjAgaNa) bhAga jAte haiN|" . tadetadrAjahaMsAnAM garjanaM hi visarjanam / 7/23 uttarArtha jayakumAra ke saundaryAtizaya evaM zreSTha guNoM kI vyaMjanA kavi ne usa para haMsatva ke Aropa dvArA kI hai - "rAjA jayakumAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI sabhA ke eka haMsa the / ve sahRdayoM ke sakhA evaM vaMzarUpI vizAla sarovara ke haMsa the|" yugAdibhartuH sadasaH sadasya ityasmadAnandagirAM samasyaH / haMsaH svavaMzorusarovarasya zrImAnabhUcchIsuhRdAM vysyH|| 1/43 jar3a ke sAtha cetana ke dharma kA prayoga "haMsI ur3AnA" mAnava kA dharma hai, vaha jar3a ke sAtha prayukta hokara saundarya kI anupamatA kA vyaMjaka ho gayA hai - "sulocanA ke vivAha hetu nirmita maNDapa atyanta vizAla thA / vaha apane zikhara para jar3e hue ratnoM kI kAnti se indra ke vimAna kI haMsI ur3A rahA thaa|" vizAlaM zikharaprotavasusaJcayazociSAm / nicayaistu sunAzIra-vyomayAnaM jahAsa yat // 10/86 // upacAravakratA ke dvArA lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA kI sAmarthya se "haMsanA" kriyA zobhAtizaya kI vyaMjanA meM samartha ho gayI hai - "vivAhotsava ke avasara para kAzI nagarI ke bhavanoM ke mukhyadvAra muktAhAroM se suzobhita kiye gaye the / ve motiyoM kI kAnti se haMsate hue se pratIta hote the|".

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74 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana avadat savadarzane puraH sadanAnAJca mukhAni sarvataH / aklambitamauktikamajAM rucibhihA~syamayAnisA prajA // 10/13 talavAra ke sAtha prayukta "pAna karanA" evaM "AliMgana karanA" dharma usakI atyanta vinAzakAritA kA dyotana karate haiM - "rAjA jayakumAra kI talavAra zatruoM ke gajasamUha kA raktapAnakara zatruoM ke vakSasthala kA berokaToka AliMgana kara rahI hai|" - nipIya mAtapaTAmagoSaM spRzantyarINAM taduro'pyamoSam / kAmavanAmAtmamataM niveSa yaspAsiputrI samudApyate'ya // 1/27 cetana ke sAtha bar3a ke dharma kA prayoga vikasita honA puSpa kA dharma hai / yaha mAnava ke sAtha prayukta hone para usake utsAhAtizaya ko anubhUtigamya banA detA hai - "hastinApura ke lie prasthAna kI bherI sunakara padayAtrI vikasita ho uThe aura apanI kamara kasane lge|" . vikasanti kazanti madhyakaM sma tadAnIM vinizamya merikAm / parikAH pari kAmanAmayA na hi kArye'stu manAmnisambanam // 13/6 amUrta ke sAtha mUrta ke dharma kA prayoga "bAhara na nikalanA aura svacchanda vihAra karanA" mUrta padArtha ke dharma haiM jo amUrta kIrti ke sAtha prayukta hokara jayakumAra ke zatruoM ke sarvathA yazovihIna tathA jayakumAra ke atyanta yazasvI hone kI vyaMjanA meM samartha ho gaye haiM - ___"jo nItizAstra ke jJAtA haiM ve (jayakumAra ke) zatruoM kI deha se bAhara na nikalane vAlI kIrti ko asatI evaM rAjA jayakumAra kI svacchantApUrvaka vihAra karane vAlI kIrti ko satI mAnate haiN|" paDadAM dehata eva bAlamanissarantImasatI nigaal| kIrti sataH svairavihAriNI te sartI pratIyatvavidhAH prnniiteH|| 1/20 mana amUrta hai / gaThabandhana mUrta kA dharma hai / mana ke sAtha "gaThabandhana" zabda kA prayoga kara kavi ne prema ke sthAyI ho jAne kA bhAva ramaNIyatApUrvaka abhivyakta kiyA hai - "jayakumAra aura sulocanA kA vivAha huaa| donoM ke vastra kA gaThabandhana kiyA gayA / itanA hI nahIM unake mana kA bhI gaThabandhana ho gayA hai|" -

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ubhayoH zubhayogakRtAbandhaH smbhuudnyclvaantbhaagbndhH| na paraM dRr3ha eva cAnubanyo manasorapyanasoH zriyAM sa banyo / 12/63 arkakIrti ke yuddhonmukha hone ke samAcAra se rAjA akampana bhayabhIta evaM cintita ho jAte haiM / kavi ne unakI bhayAvasthA kA dyotana "hRdaya kA~pa uThA" upacAravakratA ke dvArA bar3I saphalatA se kiyA hai - prApya kampanamakampano idi mantriNAM gaNamavApa saMsadi / 7/55 pUrvArSa nimna ukti meM amUrta prANa para kIlita hone kA evaM amUrta hRdaya para rudana karane kA Aropa hai, jo yuddha meM parAjita arkakIrti ke santApAtizaya ko atyanta prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se abhivyaMjita karate haiM . . "isa samaya mere caMcala prANa nikalate kyoM nahIM haiM ? ulTe ve kIlita kyoM ho gaye? yahI soca-soca kara merA hRdaya ro rahA hai / svayaM ke parAjaya kI tiraskAra kathA mujhe pIDita kara rahI hai|" kimAnA na carantyasavazvarAH svapamitAH kimu kiilnmitvraaH| rudati me hadayaM sadayaM bhavattudati cAtmavighAtakathAzravaH // 9/7 bhakti ke atizaya kI prabhAvI abhivyaMjanA amUrta citta para mUrta padArthoM ke dharma "lupta hone" evaM "anveSaNa kiye jAne" ke Aropa dvArA saMbhava ho sakI hai - __ "jayakumAra kA citta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM lupta ho gayA / usakA anveSaNa karane ke lie hI jayakumAra ne vahA~ kI caraNaraja prApta kii|" sUsatyato susamavetya cetaH shriipaadyornijtaayvetH| avApi tatratvarajastu tena saMzodhanAdhInaguNastutena // 24/98 amUrta guNoM para mUrta padArtha ke dharma "bA~dhanA" ke Aropa dvArA guNoM kI AkarSaNa zakti kA ghotana prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai - "jo jayakumAra vajra kI santati ko chinna bhinna karane vAlA tathA aizvaryazAlI thA, vaha sulocanA ke komala guNoM se ba~dha gyaa|" - guNena tasyA mRdunA nibaddhaH sa yo'zaneH snttimitsmddhH||1/71 pUrvArSa "piyA jAnA" mUrta jalAdi kA dharma hai / usakA prayoga rUpa, vacana Adi amUrta padArthoM ke sAtha kara kavi ne unake pUrNataH AtmasAt yA hRdayaMgama kiye jAne ke bhAva ko cArutvapUrNa abhivyakti pradAna kI hai -

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76 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana . "jayakumAra ne sundarAMgI sulocanA kA usI prakAra prema se pAna kiyA jaise mumukSuvRnda adhyAtma vidyA ko pIte haiM, bhramara kamalapaMkti ko pItA hai aura cakora pakSI candramA kI kalA kA pAna karatA hai" - adhyAtmaviyAmiva bhavyavRndaH, sarojarAniM madhurAM milindH| prItyA papau so'pi takAM sugaura - gAI yathA candrakalAM cakoraH // 10/118 // "rAjA jayakumAra zrI jinendradeva ke amRtavat nirdoSa rUpa kA pAna kara itane sthUla ho gaye ki jinAlaya se bAhara nikalane meM asamartha rahe" jinezarUpaM sutarAmaduSTamApIya pIyUSamivAbhipuSTaH / punazca nirgantumazaknuvAnastato babhUvocitasaMvidhAnaH // 24/97 // ___ "gRhasthoM ke ziromaNi jayakumAra ne gurudeva ke vacanAmRta kA pAna kiyA aura hRdaya meM unake pavitra caraNoM ko pratiSThita kiyA / " sannipIya vacanAmRtaM guroH sannipAya hadi pUtatatpade / 2/139 pUrvArSa / mina padAyoM meM abheda kA Aropa dehayaSTi aura kAmadeva kI senA meM abheda kA Aropa deha ke atyanta AkarSaka evaM kAmoddIpaka hone kA sazakta vyaMjaka bana gayA hai - "isakI dehayaSTi to kAmadeva kI senA pratIta hotI hai|" ___ "dRzyate tanuretasyAH pupcaapptaakinii||" 3/53 uttarArtha nimna ukti meM kaTuka pada kA prayoga jayodaya ke pratinAyaka arkakIrti ke cAritrika vaiziSTya ko nirUpita karatA hai - ___ "sulocanA ke pitA uttama puruSa haiM / jayakumAra bhI mahAmanA haiM, mAtra arkakIrti kar3avA hai|" . bhuvi suvastu samastu sulocanAjanaka eSa jayazca mahAmanAH / ayi vicakSaNa lakSaNataH paraM kaTukamamimaM samudAhara // 9/84 // nimna padya meM mukha aura candra meM abhedAropa dvArA mukha ke saundaryAtizaya kI, zRMgArarasa aura sAgara meM abhedAropa ke dvArA zRMgArarasa ke atireka kI tathA stanoM aura parvata meM abhedAropa dvArA stanoM ke atyanta ubhAra kI prabhAvazAlI vyaMjanA kI gaI hai - "jayakumAra kI dRSTi ne jaise hI sulocanA ke mukhacandra kA avalokana kiyA vaise hI zRMgArarasa ke sAgara meM jvAra AyA aura vaha zIghra hI unnata stanarUpI parvata para jA phuNcii|" .

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77 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana vilokanenAsyanizISanetuH samulvaNe sadrasasAgare tu / . drutaM punaH seti padaMvado'hamucaiHstanaM parvatamAruroha // 11/3 . jinendradeva para sUrya kA Aropa unake ajJAnAndhakAra ke vinAzaka evaM jJAnaprakAza ke prasAraka hone kI cArutvamayI yaMjanA karatA hai - "he bhAI! aba prabhAta ho gayA hai / saMsAra ke janmamaraNarUpI bhaya ke nAzaka, vizva ke pitA jinasUrya kA mukha spaSTa dikhAI de rahA hai|" - __ sapadi vibhAto jAto bhrAtarbhavabhayaharaNavibhAmUrteH / zivasadanaM mRduvadanaM spaSTaM vizvapiturjinasavituste // 8/89 krodha ke atyanta ghAtaka hone kI vyaMjanA krodha para agni ke Aropa se hI saMbhava ho sakI hai - "nissAra saMsAra meM merI krodhAgni ke prabhAva se nAthavaMza aura somavaMza zIghra hI naSTa ho jaaveNge|" niHsAra iha saMsAre sahasA me saptApiH / nAbasomAbhiSe gotre bhavetAM bhasmasAtkRte // 7/24 isa prakAra kavi ne krodha, prema, santApa, bhakti Adi manobhAvoM ke atizaya kI vyaMjanA, manodazAoM kI vicitratA, paristhitiyoM kI vikaTatA tathA vastu ke saundarya - asaundarya Adi kI parAkASThA ke dyotana, dayA, zaurya, audArya Adi guNoM kI utkaTatA ke prakAzana, rUpAdi ke avalokana evaM vacanAdi ke zravaNa meM vidyamAna tallInatA ke anubhAvana ityAdi prayojanoM kI siddhi ke lie vakratA ke vibhinna prakAroM kA Azraya liyA hai, jo atyanta saphala rahA hai| ukti kI vakratA ke dvArA manobhAvoM, manodazAoM, mAnavIya guNoM evaM vastu ke uparyukta vaiziSTyoM kI sAkSAtkArAtmikA anubhUti se sahRdaya hRdaya Andolita ho uThatA hai aura bhAvamagna tathA rasamagna ho jAtA hai / ukti ke vaicitrya se abhivyakti atyanta ramaNIya bana gayI hai| vAkyakAtA evaM varNavinyAsakAtA varNavinyAsavakratA kA vivecana svataMtra adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai / vAkyavakratA arthAlaMkAroM kA dUsarA nAma hai, jaisA ki kuntaka ne kahA hai - - vAkyasya bhAvo'nyo bhiyate yaH shmshH| patrAlAravargo'sau sarvo'pyantarbhaviSyati // - kakroktijIvita, 1/20 / ataH isakA anuzIlana bhI "alaMkAravinyAsa" nAmaka pRthak adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai|

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caturtha adhyAya muhAvare evaM pratIka vidhAna muhAvare bhASA ko kAvyAtmaka banAne vAle adbhuta upAdAna haiM , kyoMki ye vakrokti ke utkRSTa rUpa haiM; ataH inameM lAkSaNikatA evaM vyaMjakatA kUTa-kUTa kara bharI hotI hai / muhAvare kA lakSaNa jo lAkSaNika evaM vyaMjaka zabda prayoga bahupracalita (rur3ha) ho jAtA hai, vaha muhAvarA kahalAtA hai / muhAvare kA mukhya lakSaNa hai mukhyArtha ke atirikta anya artha meM prasiddha ho jAnA jaise "gadhA," "ullU," camacA," "duma" Adi aise zabda haiM jo apane mukhyA meM to prasiddha haiM hI, mukhyArtha ke atirikta mUrkha, cATukAra, pichalaggU Adi arthoM meM bhI prasiddha ho gaye haiM / isaliye ye muhAvare ke rUpa meM prayukta hote haiM / muhAvare rUr3hA lakSaNA se bhinna haiN| sar3A lakSaNA meM zabda apanA mukhyArtha kho detA hai aura anya artha hI usakA mukhyArtha bana jAtA hai / jaise "go"zabda kA mukhyArtha thA "gamana karane vAlA" kintu usane yaha artha kho diyA hai aura "gAya" hI usakA mukhyArtha ho gayA hai / isI prakAra "kuzala" zabda ne bhI apanA "kuzAn lAti Adatte" yaha mukhyArtha chor3a diyA hai aura dakSa artha kA vAcaka bana gayA hai / muhAvare ke rUpa meM prayukta zabda yA zabda samUha apanA mukhyArtha nahIM khote / sAmAnyatayA ve apane mukhyArtha ke hI vAcaka hote haiM, mAtra sandarbha vizeSa meM anya artha ke bodhaka bana jAte haiM / jaise jaba baila ko hI baila kahA jAyegA taba vaha apane mukhyArtha kA hI bodhaka hogA, kintu jaba kisI manuSya ko baila kahA jAyegA taba vaha muhAvarA bana jAyegA; kyoMki manuSya ke sandarbha meM vaha baila artha kA bodhaka na rahakara "mUrkha" artha kA bodhaka ho jaayegaa| koI bhI saMjJA, vizeSaNa yA kriyA athavA inakA samudAya mukhyArtha ke atirikta anya artha meM bhI prasiddha ho jAne para muhAvarA bana jAtA hai / yathA - baila - yaha saMjJA apane mukhyArtha ke atirikta mUrkha artha meM bhI prasiddha ho gaI hai, ataH jisa sandarbha meM yaha "mUrkha" artha kA bodha karAyegI vahA~ muhAvarA hogA / zItalavANI - zItala kA mukhyArtha hai ThaMDA, kintu vANI ke sandarbha meM vaha "zAnti pahu~cAne vAlI" artha meM prasiddha ho gayA, ataH isa sandarbha meM vaha muhAvarA hai / puSpavRSTi - vRSTi zabda jala barasane kA vAcaka hai, kintu puSpoM ke sandarbha meM mastaka para pracura puSpa girane ke artha meM prasiddha ho gayA hai, ataH vahA~ yaha muhAvarA bana gayA hai|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 79 mukha murajhAnA murajhAnA kA mukhyArtha phUloM kA saMkucita honA hai, kintu mukha ke prasaMga meM udAsa yA nirAza ho jAne ke artha meM prasiddha ho gayA hai; ataH isa sandarbha meM vaha muhAvarA bana gayA hai / muhAvaroM kA bhASika vaiziSTraya * muhAvaroM meM aneka tathya ghaTanAyeM aura anubhUtiyA~ saMzliSTa hotI haiM, isaliye ve parimita zabdoM meM aparimita bhAvoM ke bodhaka hote haiM / lakSaNAtmaka hone se unameM vaicitryopAdana kI kSamatA tathA vyajaMkatA ke kAraNa bhAvAnubhUti karAne kI sAmarthya hotI hai jisase abhivyakti rucikara evaM AkarSaka ho jAtI hai / ve dainika anubhUtiyoM se sambaddha hote haiM ataH unake dvArA sUkSma artha saralatayA bodhagamya ho jAtA hai / muhAvaroM ke kaI rUpa hote haiM / jaise vakrakriyAtmaka, vakravizeSaNAtmaka, anubhAvAtmaka, nidarzanAtmaka, pratIkAtmaka, rUpakAtmaka, upamAtmaka Adi / ataH inase vyakti kI bauddhika evaM cAritrika vizeSatAyeM, saMvegAtmaka dazA, sukha-dukha, dvandva, saMzayAdi se grasta manaHsthiti, hRdayagata abhiprAya tathA vastuoM evaM ghaTanAoM kA hRdayasparzI svarUpa pratibhAsita ho jAtA hai / " vaha bar3A krodhI hai" aisA kahane se manuSya ke krodhAtmaka stara kA vaisA pratibhAsa nahIM hotA, jaisA " vaha to jallAda hai" kahane se hotA hai / ataH vastusthiti ke pratibhAsaka hone ke kAraNa muhAvare atyanta hRdayasparzI hote haiM / jayodaya meM muhAvare - mahAkavi ne jayodaya meM muhAvaroM kA prayoga kiyA hai jisase bhASA lAkSaNika evaM vyaMjaka bana gayI hai / bhASApravAha meM sajIvatA, sazaktatA aura cittasparzitA ke guNa A gaye haiM / saundaryAtizaya, prabhAvAtizaya evaM citrAtmakatA kI sRSTi huI hai / bhAvAveza, pAtroM ke manobhAvoM tathA manodazAoM kI prabhAvazAlI abhivyaMjanA ho sakI hai / jayodaya meM prayukta muhAvaroM ko nimna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - vakrakriyAtmaka muhAvare, vakravizeSaNAtmaka muhAvare, nidarzanAtmaka muhAvare, anubhAvAtmaka muhAvare, upamAtmaka muhAvare evaM rUpakAtmaka muhAvare / vakrakriyAtmaka muhAvare jaba kriyA kA viziSTa zabda ke sAtha asAmAnyarUpa se prayoga hotA hai taba vaha rUda ho jAtA hai aura vakkakriyAtmaka muhAvarA kahalAtA hai / kavi ne ina muhAvaroM ke prayoga dvArA

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana saundaryAtizaya evaM prabhAva ke atizaya kI puSTi kI hai / pAtroM ke cAritrika vaiziSTya, unake manobhAva evaM manaH sthitiyoM kI saphala abhivyakti saMbhava huI hai / udAharaNArtha - zauryaprazastau labhate kaniSThAM zrIcakrapANeH sa gataH pratiSThAm / yasyAstAM nigrahaNe ca niSThA matA satAM saMgrahaNe ghaniSThA // 1/16 // -- bharata cakravartI se pratiSThA prApta rAjA jayakumAra zUravIratA meM kaniSThakA (kAnI/chiMgurI uMgalI) para ginA jAtA hai / vaha duSToM ke nigraha evaM ziSToM kA saMgraha karane meM tatpara rahatA thaa| __ yahA~ jayakumAra ke vIroM meM sarvazreSTha evaM agraNI hone kI abhivyaMjanA "zauryaprazastI labhate kaniSThAM" (vIroM kI gaNanA ko chiMgurI para ginA jAnA) muhAvare ke prayoga se saMbhava ho sakI hai| kimadhunA na carantyasavazvarAH svayamitAH kimu kIlanamitvarAH / rudati me hRdayaM sadayaM bhaktudati cAtmaviSAtakathAzravaH // 9/7 -- isa samaya mere cara prANa kyoM nahIM nikalate ? ve kIlita kyoM ho gaye ? yahI moca kara merA hRdaya ro rahA hai / svayaM kI nirAdara kathA mujhe pIr3A de rahI hai| yuddha meM parAjita arkakIrti kI mAnasika pIr3A kitanI tIvra thI, isakI anubhUti "hRdayaM rudati" muhAvare se hI saMbhava thii| vezavAnupajagAma jayo'pi yena so'tha zuzubhe'bhinayo'pi / lokalopilavaNApariNAmaH sa sma nIramIrapati ca kAmaH // 5/26 . -- jinakA saundarya anupama thA aise rAjA jayakumAra bhI saja-dhaja kara Aye / unake Ane se sabhA jagamagA uThI / unake Age kAmadeva bhI pAnI bharatA thA / jayakumAra ke anupama saundarya aura prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva kI manohArI abhivyakti ke lie "kAmaH nIramIrayati" (usake sAmane kAmadeva bhI pAnI bharatA hai) se sundara ukti aura koI nahIM ho sakatI thii| pare raNArambhaparA na yAvad babhuzva kAzIzasutA yathAvat / niSkaTumAgatyatarA mito'caM hemAGgadAyA bavRSuH zaropam // 8/53 // , .. -- jaba taka zatru yuddha ke prArambhArtha jayakumAra ke samIpa nahIM pahuMca pAye isake pahale hI kAzIrAja ke putra hemAMgada Adi ne jayakumAra para Aye upadrava ko dUra haTAne ke lie vANoM kI varSA kara dii|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana bANoM ke saghana prahAra kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie "zaraughaM vavRSuH" (bANoM kI varSA kI) muhAgharA kitanA prabhAvotpAdaka hai / kurakSaNe smoyatate mudA saH surakSaNebhyaH sutraamudaasH| babandha mAmuSya padaM ruSeva kIrtiH priyA'vApa digantameva // 1/45 // -- rAjA jayakumAra devatAoM dvArA manAye jAne vAle utsavoM se bhI udAsa raha kara pRthvI ke saMrakSaNa meM udyata rahatA thA / isalie lakSmI usake pairoM ko cUmatI thI aura usakI priya kIrti saMsAra meM diganta-vyApinI ho gaI / ... "mA amuSya padaM babandha" (lakSmI pairoM ko cUmatI thI) aparimita vaibhavazAlitA kI pratIti karAne vAle isa muhAvare ne abhivyakti meM cAra cA~da lagA diye haiN| vakravizeSaNAtmaka muhAvare - jisa muhAvare meM vizeSya ke sAtha anupapadyamAna vizeSaNa kA prayoga hotA hai, vaha kavizeSaNAtmaka muhAvarA kahalAtA hai / kavi ne isa prakAra ke muhAvaroM dvArA pAtroM ke mana kI mArmika sthitiyoM, unake aMgoM se abhivyakta hone vAle mArmika bhAvoM, unake saundarya kI apUrva mohakatA tathA vastuoM ke guNAvaguNAtrizya kI abhivyakti kI hai - . vinayabhUdunnatavaMzaH sulakSaNo'sau vilakSaNoktatanuH / , vilasati ca nalasadAsyo lAvaNyAso'pi madhuratanuH // 6/54 // yaha rAjA vinayavAn hai, unnatavaMza kA hai / zubha lakSaNoM se yukta hai, catura hai tathA kamala ke samAna mukhAkRti se suzobhita hai| lAvaNya kA gRha hokara bhI madhura zarIra vAlA hai| "madhuratanuH" muhAvare ke prayoga se zArIrika saundarya kI AhlAdakatA anubhUtigamya ho uThI hai| citramittiSu samarpitadRSTI tatra zazvadapi mAnavasRSTI / nirnimeSanayane'pi ca devavyUha eva na vivecanameva // 5/19 -- svayaMvara sabhA kI mittiyoM para citrakalA kI gaI thii| use ekaTaka dRSTi se mAnava dekha rahe the, jisase nirnimeSa netroM vAle devagaNa evaM mAnava samUha meM bheda karanA kaThina ho gyaa| "samarpitadRSTI" prayoga meM citrakalA kI utkRSTatA evaM mohakatA kA AbhAsa karAne kI adbhuta kSamatA hai| purNa preSitavAn punarmudukzA kAzIvizAmIzvazaraH // 8/86 // pUrvA

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana - kAzI nareza ne apanI putrI kI ora mRdudRSTi se dekhA / snehapUrvaka dekhane ke bhAva ko "mRdudRzA prekSitavAn "ukti atyanta ramaNIyatA se vyaMjita karatI hai| nidarzanAtmaka muhAvare nidarzanA alaMkAra rUr3ha hone para nidarzanAtmaka muhAvarA bana jAtA hai / jahA~ eka kArya kI upamA dUsare kArya se dI jAtI hai, vahAM nidarzanA alaMkAra hotA hai / isase upameyabhUta kArya kI duSkaratA, niSphalatA, saMkaTAspadatA, asAdhyatA, asaMbhavatA Adi ke svarUpa kI vyaMjanA atyanta prabhAvapUrNa evaM citrAtmaka rIti se ho jAtI hai / kavi ne aise muhAvaroM ke prayoga dvArA pAtroM kI pravRttiyoM, caritroM tathA unake utkarSa kA saphalatApUrvaka sampreSaNa kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha jayamupaiti subhIrumatallikA'khilajanIjanamastakamallikA / bahuSu bhUpavareSu mahIpate maNiraho caraNe pratibadhyate // 9/77 // - he rAjan! bar3e-bar3e rAjAoM ke hote hue bhI samasta strI samAja kI ziromaNi, zreSThatama taruNI sulocanA jayakumAra ko prApta ho gaI hai / Azcarya hai ki maNi pairoM se bA~dha dI gaI hai| kArya ke anaucitya kA svarUpa (stara) hRdayaMgama karAne ke lie "maNiH caraNe pratibaddhyate" se adhika upayukta evaM ramaNIya ukti nahIM ho sakatI thii| ___ nItimItimanayo nayAyaM durbhAtaH samupakarSati sapam / utsukaM zizuvadAtmano'zubha yo'ti vAJchati hi vastutastu bham // 7/79 - yaha durmati arkakIrti nIti kA ullaMghana karatA huA jalI lakar3I pakar3ane vAle zizu ke samAna svayaM apanA akalyANa karanA cAhatA hai / yaha usa bAlaka jaisA hai jo dina ke prakAza meM vAstavika nakSatroM ko dekhanA cAhatA hai / "ahi vAJchati hi vastutastu bham" (dina meM tAre dekhane kI icchA karatA hai) prayoga icchA ke anaucitya kI parAkASThA ghotita karane meM bejor3a hai| anubhAvoM ke dvArA bhAva vyaMjanA eka pracalita sAhityika paripATI haiN| yaha pravRtti rUr3ha hokara anumAvAlaka muhAvaroM ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huI hai| ina munavaroM se manaHsthitiyoM

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 83 kI vyaMjanA to hotI hai, citrAtmaka prabhAva kI sRSTi bhI hotI hai / ' varNyavastu, vyakti yA ghaTanA kA citra A~khoM ke sAmane upasthita ho jAtA hai, mUrtatA aura pratyakSatA ke prabhAva kI sRSTi hotI hai / jayodaya meM anubhAvAtmaka muhAvaroM ke prayoga se manaHsthiti kI abhivyakti evaM citrAtmakatA kI sRSTi saralatayA ho sakI hai| yathA kalyAM samAkalayyogrAmenAM bharatanandanaH / raktanetro javAdeva babhUva kSIvatAM gataH // / 7 bharatanandana arkakIrti, durmarSaNa kI ugra (kaTu) vANI rUpa madirA kA pAna kara zIghra hI unmatta ho gayA / usa madirA ke prabhAva se unake netra lAla ho gaye / kavi ne 'rakta netra' muhAvare ke dvArA krodha se utpanna avasthA ko saralatayA pratItigamya banA diyA hai| phulladAnana ito'bhijagAma yasya durmatiritIha ca nAma / sAnukUla iva bhAgyaktististadbhaviSyati yadicchitamasti // 4/47 durmati socane lagA - merI icchAnurUpa hI kArya hotA dikhAI de rahA hai / aisA lagatA hai ki bhAgya anukUla hai| isa prakAra khile ( harSita) mukhavAlA vaha durmati vahA~ se calA gyaa| "phulladAnanaH " ( khile hue mukhavAlA) muhAvarA prayoga harSAtirekamayI manodazA kA sAkSAtkAra karA detA hai, jo kisI anya ukti dvArA saMbhava nahIM hai / upamAtmaka muhAva upamAtmaka muhAvaroM ke dvArA kavi ne saMsAra kI vicitratA saundaryAtizaya tathA pAtroM kI viDambanAtmaka sthitiyoM kA prabhAvakArI citraNa kiyA hai / yathA pihitadRSTirasau paratantritaH sapadi marmaNi daNDaniyantritaH / bahubharaM bhramatItvamayoddharan jagati tailikagauriva hA naraH // 25/44 - * jisakI A~kheM paTTI se DhakI huI haiM, jo telI ke parAdhIna hai, ruka jAne para jisake marmasthala meM coTa pahu~cAI jAtI hai aura jo patthara Adi kA bahuta bhAra lAde hue hai, 9. haradeva bAharI hindI semeTiksa, pR0 285 2. zailI vijJAna aura premacanda kI bhASA, pR0 99

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana aisA telI kA baila nirantara jisa prakAra cakkara lagAtA rahatA hai| usI prakAra jisakI vicArazakti AcchAdita hai, svopArjita karma ke AdhIna hai, pApAcAra ke daNDa se marmasthala meM AghAta ko prApta ho rahA hai aura parigraharUpa atibhAra ko dhAraNa kiye hue hai| aisA yaha manuSya saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| _jIvoM ke saMsAracakra meM paribhramaNa kI dazA kitanI duHkhada evaM dayanIya hai, isakI anubhUti "bhramati tailikagauriva naraH (telI ke baila ke samAna ghUmatA hai) muhAvare se jitanI yathArthatA se hotI hai, utanI kisI anya prayoga se sambhava na thI / - ikSuyaSTirivaiSA'sti pratiparvarasodayA / 3/40 pUrvArSa -- yaha sulocanA ikSuyaSTi ke samAna pora-pora para rasa bharI hai| . "ikSuyaSTirivaiSA" yaha to ikSuyaSTi ke samAna hai / yaha muhAvarA sulocanA ke aMgaaMga kI manoharatA ko vyaMjita karAne meM apratima hai / rUpakAtmaka muhAvare jina muhAvaroM meM rUpaka alaMkAra hotA hai, ve rUpakAtmaka muhAvare kahalAte haiM / ina muhAvaroM meM eka vastu meM dUsarI vastu yA usake avayava yA dharma kA astitva batalAyA jAtA hai, jo asvAbhAvika evaM anupapanna hone se vaicitrya kA janaka hotA hai tathA una vastuoM meM sAmya hone se lakSaNA evaM vyaMjanA zaktiyoM ke dvArA upamAnabhUta padArtha upameyabhUta padArtha kI svarUpagata vizeSatAoM ko samaSTi rUpa se pratIti kA viSaya banA detA hai / kavi ne rUpakAtmaka muhAvaroM ke pracura prayoga dvArA pAtroM kI cAritrika vizeSatAoM evaM vastu tathA vyakti ke AhlAdaka evaM bhayAnaka svarUpa kI prabhAvazAlI vyaMjanA kI hai / kucha udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM : varddhiSNuradhunA''nandavAridhistasya tAvatA / ityamAhAdakAriyo gAvaH sma prasaranti tAH // 1/102 . - munirAja ke darzana kara jayakumAra kA AnandarUpI samudra umar3a par3A / usakI AhvAdakAriNI vANI phailane lgii| jayakumAra ko munirAja ke darzana se prApta AnandAtizaya kI abhivyaMjanA meM "AnandavAridhiH vardhiSNuH" (AnandarUpa samudra umar3a par3A), muhAvare kA prayoga advitIya hai| zrIpayo parabharAku litAyAH saM girA bhuvanasaM viditAvAH / . kAzikAnRpaticittakalApI sammadena sahasA samavApi // 5/55

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana - pRthvI para prasiddha, unnata payodharavAlI buddhidevI kI vANI sunakara mahArAja akampana kA cittamayUra nAca utthaa| cintA dUra hone se utpanna harSAtizaya kI abhivyaMjanA "cittakalApI sammadena samavApi" (cittamayUra nAca uThA) muhAvare ke prayoga se saMbhava ho sakI hai / . . zucestava mukhAmbhojAnireti kimidaM vacaH / 24/139 pUrvArdha - tumhAre pavitra mukhakamala se yaha vacana kaise nikalA ? "mukhakamala" muhAvarA kAJcanAdevI ke mukha saundarya kA sAkSAtkAra karA detA hai / ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki mahAkavi ne muhAvaroM ke prayoga se abhivyakti ko ramaNIya banAte hue pAtroM ke manobhAvoM, manodazAoM, cAritrika vizeSatAoM, vastu ke guNa vaiziSTya, kArya ke aucitva-anaucitya ke stara, ghaTanAoM evaM paristhitiyoM ke svarUpa ko anubhUtigamya banAyA hai aura usake dvArA sahRdaya ko bhAvamagna evaM rasasikta kara jayodaya meM kAvyatva ke prANa phUMke haiN| pratIka pratIka eka zailIya tattva hai jisake prayoga se bhASA meM uccakoTi kI kAvyAtmakatA A jAtI hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki pratIka sAdhyavasAnAtmaka lAkSaNika prayoga hai jisameM upameya kA nirdeza nahIM hotA, mAtra upamAna hI nirdiSTa hotA hai / usI ke dvArA sandarbha vizeSa meM guNa, kriyA Adi ke sAmya athavA sAhacarya sambandha se arthAntara kA bodha hotA hai / yaha vakrokti kA utkRSTa rUpa hai / isameM kathya pUrI taraha lakSaNA evaM vyaMjanA kA viSaya hotA hai, jo prakaTa na hokara gUr3ha ho.. sa jijJAsAjanya rocakatA utpanna kara detA hai, abhivyakti kA eka vilakSaNa (asAmAnya) mAdhyama hone se kathana ko atyanta AkarSaka evaM rocaka banA detA hai / pratIka kA lakSaNa .. vaha mUrta vastu pratIka kahalAtI hai jo sandarbha vizeSa meM guNa, kriyAdi ke sAmya ke kAraNa kisI bhAvAtmaka-tattva athavA anya mUrta padArtha kA pratibhAsana karatI hai / pratIka upamAna kA kArya nahIM karatA arthAt apane se kisI vastu kI samAnatA nahIM darzAtA apitu vastu ko hI saMketika karatA hai / koI bhI vastu sandarbha vizeSa meM hI pratIka banatI hai / 1. kAvya zAstra meM "gaurvAhIkaH" sAropA lakSaNA kA udAharaNa hai "gArjalpati" sAdhyavasAnA lakSaNA kA / prathama udAharaNa meM upameya "vAhIka" tathA upamAna "gauH" donoM kA nirdeza hai, dvitIya meM mAtra upamAna "gauH"kA / usase "vAhIka" artha lakSita hotA hai / ataH vaha sandarbha ke AdhAra para "vAhIka" kA pratIka hai|

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86 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana sandarbha ke abhAva meM apane mUla svarUpa kA hI bodha karAtI hai| jaise- "mohi suni suni Avata hA~sI, pAnI meM mIna piyAsI" "kabIra ke ina zabdoM se jo bhAva (Avazyaka vastu kI pracura upalabdhi hone para bhI usake bhoga se vaMcita rahanA ) vyaMjita hotA hai usase "pAnI" sukha ke strotabhUta AtmasvabhAva kA pratIka bana gayA hai tathA "mIna" AtmA kA / eka hI vastu bhinna-bhinna sandarbhoM meM bhinna-bhinna arthoM kA pratIka bana sakatI hai| jaise "kalI" kahIM aparipakva avasthA kA pratIka ho jAtI hai to kahIM sukha kA / "mRga" kahIM mana ko saMketita karatA hai, kahIM bhrAnta vyakti ko / pratIkoM kA abhivyaMjanAgata (bhASika) mahattva - pratIkabhUta padArtha ke guNa aura vizeSatAyeM logoM ke anubhava ke viSaya hote haiM tathA ve amUrtabhAvoM (bhAvAtmaka tattvoM) jaise vastu aura vyakti ke svabhAvoM va rUpoM, guNoM aura avaguNoM, saMvegoM aura pravRttiyoM manaHsthitiyoM aura paristhitiyoM, dazAoM aura pariNatiyoM kI jIvanta anubhUti karAne ke amogha sAdhana haiN| pratIka ke dvArA saMketita vastu kA pUrA svabhAva vyaMjita ho jAtA hai| jaise ajJAna ke lie andhakAra zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAye to ajJAna ke sAre svabhAva kA sAkSAtkAra bhI ho jAtA hai; kyoMki andhakAra ke svabhAva se hama paricita hote haiM / ataH pratIka dvArA saMketita vastu apane pUre svabhAva ke sAtha hRdaya meM utaratI hai| isase bhASA bhI hRdayasparzI ho jAtI hai| pratIka bAta ko spaSTa rUpa se na kahakara saMketa rUpa se kahate haiM, isalie unake prayoga se bhASA meM jijJAsotpAdakatA aura rocakatA A jAtI hai / pratIka uktivaicitrya rUpa hote haiM, isa kAraNa bhI bhASA rocaka bana jAtI hai| isake atirikta jisa tathya ko sAdhAraNa bhASA vyakta nahIM kara sakatI, pratIka use sahaja hI abhivyakta kara detA hai / mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgarajI ne inhIM uddezyoM kI siddhi ke lie apanI kAvyabhASA meM pratIkoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| unhoMne vibhinna kSetroM se pratIka grahaNa kiye haiM / kSetra ke AdhAra para unheM nimnalikhita vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai prAkRtika, sAMskRtika, paurANika, aitihAsika, rAjanItika evaM prANI-vargIya | - prAkRtika pratIka prakRti se grahaNa kiye gaye pratIka prAkRtika pratIka haiM / jaise - sUrya, candra, rAta, dina, phUla, kAMTA Adi / inakA prayoga AcArya zrI ne aneka sthaloM para kiyA hai| udAharaNArthagatA nizA'tha dizA udghATitA bhAnti vipUtanayanaMbhUte ! kosstu kauzikAdiha vidveSI paro naro vizadIbhUte // 8/90 - he vizAla evaM nirmala nayanoM vAlI putrI ! nizA bIta gaI, aba sabhI dizAyeM spaSTa dikhAI dene lagI haiN| aise prakAzamAna samaya meM ullU ke sivA aisA kauna prANI hogA jo prasanna na ho /

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ___ yahA~ para "nizA' vipatti kA pratIka hai / dizA kA udghATana jayakumAra ke yuddha meM vijayI hone kA evaM "ullU" mUrkha kA pratIka hai / inake dvArA vilakSita bhAvoM kI atyanta marmasparzI DhaMga se vyaMjanA huI hai| prajA prajAgarti tavodapena nizA hi sA nAzamanAyi yena / bhAnuH sadA nUtana eva bhAsi kokasya harSo'pi bhavebikAzI // 19/20 - he bhagavan ! Apa navIna sUrya hI hai / Apake udaya se rAtri naSTa ho jAtI hai, prajA pratibuddha hotI hai evaM usake duHkha dUra hote haiM / - ukta padya meM "bhAnu" jinendra bhagavAna ke sarvajJa hone kA, "nizA nAzamanAyi" ajJAna ke naSTa hone kA pratIka hai / ye pratIka apane bhAva ko saphalatayA saMketita karate haiN| bhrUbhaGgamaGgalAyA liGgaM tadanAdare'mbikA sA'yAt / asmin parvaNi tamasA rabhasAdasito'mito'rkapazAH // 6/19 __- buddhidevI ne sulocanA ke bhrUbhaMga se samajha liyA ki arkakIrti use pasanda nahIM hai| pariNAmasvarUpa svayaMvarotsava meM arkakIrti kA mukha zIghra hI andhakAra se Achanna ho gyaa| yahA~ "tama" tIvra nirAzA kA pratIka hai| isI prakAra - mRdutanI tarasA tarasI timAnakyavAvayavIti paritramAt / kta sukhAyata eva jano'haha vilasitaM tadidaM tamaso mahat // 25/19 (mUla prati) - kAmAtura manuSya navayuvati ke zArIrika avayavoM ko prerita karatA hai / isa kArya meM hue parizrama ko sukha mAnatA hai / yaha usake ajJAna kI mahimA hai / yahA~ "tama" ajJAna kA pratIka hai| mama manoravakalpalatAphalaM vadati zuktijalakSma sa vopalam / samamipazya nRpasya manIvitaM nRvara sApaya tasya mayIhitam // 9/60 - rAjA akampana dUta se kahate haiM - he nRvara ! tuma bharata cakravartI ke pAsa jAkara jJAta karo ki ve mere dvArA kiye gaye svayaMvarotsava rUpa kArya ko motI batalAte haiM yA ptthr| bAda meM yadi unake vicAra mere pratikUla hoM to, anukUla banA do / prastuta padya meM "zuktijalakSma" tathA "upala" do pratIkoM kA prayoga huA hai / ye kramazaH kArya kI "zreSThatA" evaM "hInatA" ke abhivyaMjaka haiM / paurANika pratIka kavi ne vyakti ke guNoM, avaguNoM aura pravRttiyoM kI jIvanta anubhUti karAne hetu purANoM se pratIka grahaNa kiye haiM :

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana raviyazA duritena murIkRtaH sa bhavatA bata shiighrmuriikRtH| sadarirapyasadAdavibaro bhavatu sambhavatuSTimatAM paraH // 9/80 - arkakIrti ne durbhAgya se jayakumAra kA prativAda kara murarAkSasa kA kArya kiyA, phira bhI Apake svAmI ne use svIkAra kiyA, yaha kheda kI bAta hai | mahArAja to santoSI haiM, ve zatru-mitra ko samAna dRSTi se dekhate haiM / prastuta zloka meM "murarAkSasa kA kArya" anItipUrNa kArya kA pratIka hai / yaha pratIka atyanta prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se ukta bhAva kI abhivyaMjanA karatA hai / prANIvargIya pratIkaH kavi ne pAtroM ke guNoM, avaguNoM kI vyaMjanA hetu prANIvargIya pratIkoM kA avalambana liyA hai / yathA - kimiSyate bhekagatizca sUktA zrIrAjahaMsyAH sutano prayuktA / pathApyavAdIyata iSTadezaH khalopayogAd gavi dugdhalezaH // 5/103 - he sundara zarIravAlI ! tU rAjahaMsI hai, ataH tujhe kyA mer3haka kI gati iSTa ho sakatI hai ? iSTadeza meM gamana mArga dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai / khalI khilAne para hI gAya meM dUdha hotA hai| yahA~ "bhekagati" (mer3haka kI cAla) "sAdhAraNa strI ke vyavahAra" kA pratIka hai / isI prakAra - marAlamuktasya sarovarasya dazAM svayA'nApitamA prazasyaH / kazciA dezaH sukhinAM mude sa vizuddhavRttena satA suveza // 3/24 . - he bhale veSavAle atithivara ! Apa vimala AcaraNa evaM sajjanaziromaNi haiN| sukhiyoM ko bhI Ananda dene meM prazaMsanIya ! Apane kisa pradeza ko haMsavihIna sarovara kI dazA meM pahuMcA diyA hai ? yahA~ "haMsavihIna sarovara" zobhAhInatA kA pratIka hai| isa prakAra pratIkoM kA prayoga kara mahAkavi ne vastu evaM bhAvoM ke amUrta evaM sUkSma svarUpa ko hRdayaMgama evaM hRdayasparzI banAyA hai tathA abhivyakti meM ramaNIyatA kA AdhAna kara zabdoM ko kAvya meM DhAlA hai| m

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paMcama adhyAya alaMkAravinyAsa alaMkRtatA bhI kAvyabhASA kA eka mahattvapUrNa guNa / una ukti vaicitryoM yA vicitra kathana prakAroM ko alaMkAra kahate haiM, jo upamAtmaka, rUpakAtmaka, apahnutyAtmaka, saMdehAtmaka Adi hote haiN| ye bhAva vizeSa kI abhivyakti ke advitIya mAdhyama hote haiM, sAtha hI inameM vakroktijanya rocakatA evaM vyaMjakatAjanya cArutva bhI rahatA hai| viziSTa alaMkAra viziSTa sandarbha meM hI bhAvAbhivyakti ke upayukta hotA hai / kahIM upamA hI sandarbha ke atyanta upayukta hotI hai, kahIM rUpaka hI tathA kahIM kevala rUpakAtizayokti' jisa sandarbha meM upamA upayukta haiM, usameM rUpaka Adi anya abhidhAna prakAra upayukta nahIM hote / eka sIdhI sapATa sAdRzyavidhAnAtmaka ukti kabhI-kabhI adhika painI ho sakatI hai| jaise - surabhi sI sukavi kI sumita khulana lAgI, ciraI sI cintA jAgI janaka ke hiyare / dhanuSa pai ThAr3ho rAma ravi soM lasata Aja, bhora kaiso nakhata narinda bhaye piyere || - (raghunAtha bandIjana) isameM eka sAMga upamA hai / dhanuSa ke Upara rAma aise lagate haiM, jaise prabhAtakAlIna sUrya aura dUra dhUmila par3ate hue rAjA bujhate hue nakSatra kI taraha lagate haiM / isa prabhAta kI sUcanA do cIjoM se milatI hai janaka ke hRdaya meM eka cintA jagatI hai, usI prakAra jaise bhora meM eka cir3iyA bolatI hai / yaha cintA Ane vAle dina ke kaThora yathArtha kI cintA ho sakatI hai, rAma ke saMgharSa kI cintA ho sakatI hai, sItA ke bhAgadheya kI cintA ho sakatI hai aura tatkAla upasthita hone vAle rAma parazurAma dvandva kI bhI cintA ho sakatI hai / lekina yaha cintA karma ko prerita karane vAlI cintA hai, jisa taraha ki cir3iyA kA cahacahAnA AdamI ke liye karma kA AhvAna hotA hai / dUsarI sUcanA milatI hai, prabhAtakAlIna samIraNa ke dvArA surabhi ke phailane se / rAma ke dhanuSa bhaMga ke anantara sukavi kI sadbuddhi prasphuTita hone lagatI hai, kyoMki rAma ke carita ke gAna se aise sukaviyoM kA kalyANa to hogA hI, unakI kRti ke dvArA aura bhI usase suvAsita hoMge / - 1. rItivijJAna : DaoN. vidya: nivAsa mizra, pRSTha 9 2. vahI

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana "isa Adhe chanda meM upamA ke atirikta koI dUsarI bhaMgimA artha ko vivRta karane meM samartha nahIM hotI, kyoMki yahA~ abhiprAya upamA ke dvArA khulane vAle arthoM ko eka sAtha spaSTa karanA hai / rUpaka kI bhASA yahA~ upayojita hotI to artha sampuTita ho jAtA aura kavi kA uddezya adhUrA raha jaataa|' eka dUsarA udAharaNa liyA jAya / mahAtmA gA~dhI ke marane para isa rUpa meM ukti kI pratikriyA adhika sArthaka hai - "sUrya asta ho gayA" vanispata yaha kahane ke, ki mahAtmA gA~dhI rUpI sUrya divaMgata ho gayA yA mahAtmA gA~dhI kI mRtyu se aisA lagatA hai jaise sAre deza meM andhakAra chA gayA ho, kyoMki zoka kI AkasmikatA kI abhivyakti ke lie jisa saMkSipta aura tatkAla prabhAvita karane vAle ukti prakAra kI AvazyakatA hai, vaha kevala "sUrya asta ho gayA" isa rUpakAtizayokti se hI saMbhava hai| alaMkAra vyaMjaka hote haiM aura ucita sandarbha meM prayukta hone para unakI vyaMjakatA painI (hRdayasparzI) ho jAtI hai / isIlie AnandavarSana ne kahA hai ki vyaMjakatA ke saMsparza se alaMkAroM meM cArutva A jAtA hai| 1- cA~da kA mukhajhA (upamA) 2- mukhacandra ekAeka udita huA (rUpaka) 3- yaha cA~da acAnaka kahA~ se prakaTa ho gayA ? (rUpakAtizayokti) 4- yaha mukha to candramA ko bhI mAta kara rahA hai| (yatireka) 5- yaha mukha nahIM hai, yaha to pUrNimA kA candra hai| (apAti) 6- yaha muba hai yA candramA (sandeDa) ye uktiyA~ upamAtmaka, rUpakAtmaka, rUpakAtizayoktyAtmaka vyatireka, apahutyAtmaka tathA sandehAtmaka hone se vaicitryapUrNa haiM / inameM upamAdirUpa vicitra kayana prakAroM se candramA aura mukha ke sAdRzya kA varNana kara mukha ke saundaryAtizaya yA atizaya kAntimattA 1. rItivijJAna : DaoN. vidyAnivAsa mitra 2. vahIM 3. (ka) vAcyAlajharavargo yaM vyaMgyAMzAnugame sati / prAyeNaiva parAM chAyAM viprallakye nirIkyate / / dhvanyAloka - 3/36 (kha) mukhyA mahAkavigirA-dhvanyAloka, 3/37 (ga) tadevaM vyaMgyAMzasaMsparza, dhvanyAloka, pRSTha - 503

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11 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana kI vyaMjanA kI gaI hai, jo anyathA saMbhava nahIM hai / kisI phala kI miThAsa kI pratIti mizrI, gur3a Adi kI upamA dvArA hI karAI jA sakatI hai, zabda dvArA nahIM / samAsokti, AkSepa, paryAyokta Adi alaMkAra vyaMgyAMza para hI Azrita hote haiN| inakI vyaMjakatA kA spaSTIkaraNa Age kiyA jaayegaa| alaMkArAtmaka kAna prakAra kA vargIkaraNa alaMkArAtmaka kathana ke prakAra anekavidha hote haiM, unheM nimnalikhita vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai. sAdRzyamUlaka, samarthanamUlaka, virodhamUlaka, mAlAtmaka (zRMkhalAtmaka) AkSepAtmaka, pUrvAparasthitivarNanAtmaka, nindAstutyAtmaka, pratIkAtmaka, kAraNakAryapaurvAparyaviparyayAtmaka, prastutAnyatvavirUpaNAtmaka, AvRttimUlaka evaM padakramamUlaka / sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAra upamA, rUpaka, uprekSA, sasandeha, apahRti, smaraNa, bhrAntimAn, pratIka, sAmAnya, nidarzanA, ananvaya, upameyopamA, samAsokti, kriyAdIpaka, asambhavArthakalpanAtmaka ati - zayokti, aprakRtArtha tulyayogitA aura vyatireka ye sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAra haiN| inameM ananvaya aura upameyopamA kA prayoga vastu kI anupamatA yA advitIyatva ke dyotanArtha kiyA jAtA hai| samAsokti ke dvArA prastuta para aprastuta nAyaka - nAyakAdi ke vyavahAra kA vyaMjanAzakti se Aropa kara zRMgArAdi kI abhivyakti kI jAtI hai| zeSa alaMkAroM ke mAdhyama se vastu ke dharmAvizeSa ke viziSTa (lokottara, atizayita, adbhuta Adi) svarUpa kI pratIti karAyI jAtI hai| samAnAtmaka AtaMkAra arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAnta aura prativastUpamA samarthanAtmaka alaMkAra haiM / inakA prayoga vastu svabhAva ke aucitya ke AdhAra para kisI ghaTanA yA mAnavIya AcaraNa kA aucitya siddha karane ke liye hotA hai| 1. "yeSu pAlatareSu sAdRzyamukhena tattvapratisammaH yayA rUpakopamAtulyayogitAnidarzanAdiSu teSu gamyamAnadharmamukhenaiva yatsAdRzyaM tadeva zobhAtizayazAli bhavatIti te sarve'pi cArutvAtizayayoginaH santo guNIbhUtavyatyaiva viSayAH / dhvanyAloka * 3/36. 2. "sanAsoktyAyopaparyAyoktAdiSu tu gamyamAnAMzAvinAbhAvenaiva tatvavyavasthAnA dguNIbhUta tavyaMgyatA nirvivAdeva" - vahI

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana virodhamUlaka alaMkAra isa varga meM jo alaMkAra Ate haiM unameM vibhAvanA aura vizeSokti ke dvArA anabhihita kAraNa kA prabhAvAtizaya vyaMjita kiyA jAtA hai / virodhAbhAsa, viSama evaM adhika alaMkAroM se prastuta vastu kI dazA, guNa, caritra Adi kI gaMbhIratA, uccatA, lokottaratA Adi vyaMjita hote haiM / vizeSa alaMkAra prastuta. vastu kI lokottaratA, prabhAvAtireka, bahumukhI upakArakatA Adi ghotita karatA hai / "atadguNa" se bhI vastu kI prabhAvazAlitA yA aprabhAvazAlitA vyaMjita hotI hai| mAlAtmaka (zRMkhalAtmaka) alaMkAra dIpaka, yathAsaMkhya, parisaMkhyA, parikara, samuccaya, kAraNamAlA, sAra tathA ekAvalI mAlAtmaka alaMkAra haiM, kyoMki inameM eka vastu kI aneka kriyAoM yA guNoM kA varNana (kAraka dIpaka), eka kriyA vAle aneka kArakoM kA varNana (kriyA dIpaka), eka kArya ke aneka kAraNoM kA varNana yA eka dharma vAle aneka padArthoM kA varNana (samuccaya), eka vastu kI aneka vizeSatAoM kA varNana yA eka jaise aneka tathyoM kA varNana (parisaMkhyA, parikara) tathA paraspara sambaddha aneka padArthoM kI vizeSatAoM kA varNana (kAraNamAlA, sAra, ekAvalI) hotA hai / eka vastu kI aneka kriyAoM yA guNoM ke varNana se usakI dazA vizeSa kI gambhIratA, guNAdhikya athavA mahimAtizaya kI abhivyakti hotI hai / eka kArya ke aneka kAraNoM ke varNana se kArya kI durnivAritA, prabhAvAtizaya, carita kI lokottaratA Adi vyaMjita hote haiN| "kAraNamAlA" se kArya kA mUlakAraNa, "sAra" alaMkAra se sAratama vastu tathA "ekAvalI" se vastu kA saundaryAtizaya yA saundaryAdhAyaka hetuoM kI vyaMjanA hotI hai / "sahokti" aura "vinokti" bhI mAlAtmaka alaMkAra haiN| AkSepAtmaka alaMkAra yaha eka hI hai "Apa alaMkAra" / isameM AkSepokti (niSedhokti) dvArA vizeSa artha vyaMjita kiyA jAtA hai| pUrvAparasthitivarNanAtmaka alaMkAra ___ yaha bhI eka hI hai / usakA nAma hai paryAya alaMkAra / yaha bhI vibhinna arthoM kA vyaMjaka hai, jaise nimna zloka meM duSToM ke vacana kI atyanta pIDAkArakatA vyaMjita hotI hai - 1. AkSepe'pi vyaGgyavizeSAkSepiNo'pi vAcyasyaiva cArutvaM prAdhAnyena vAkyArtha AkSepoktisAmudiva jJAyate / - dhvanyAloka, 1/13

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana nanvAzrayasthitirayaM tava kAlakUTa ! kenotarottaraviziSTapadopadiSTA // prAgarNavasya hRdaye vRSalakSmaNo'tha kaNThe'dhunA vasasvavAci punaH khalAnAm // ' 93 pracchajanindAstutimUlaka alaMkAra isa alaMkAra kA nAma hai " byAjastuti" / isameM nindA vAcya hotI hai aura stuti vyaMgya | isI prakAra stuti vAcya hotI hai aura stuti nindA gamya / pratIkAtmaka alaMkAra $ aprastuta prazaMsA ke vizeSanibandhanA tathA sArUpya nibandhanA bheda (anyokti) tathA rUpakAtizayokti pratIkAtmaka alaMkAra haiN| kyoMki inameM aprastuta ke dvArA prastuta dyotana kiyA jAtA hai, prastuta vAcya nahIM hotaa| yaha alaMkAra prastuta ke sampUrNa sandarbha kA vyaMjaka hotA hai / kAraNakAryapaurvAparyaviparyayAtmaka alaMkAra yaha atizayokti alaMkAra kA eka bheda hai / isake dvArA kAraNa kI tvarita kAryakAritA yA atyanta prabhAvazAlitA vyaMjita hotI hai| prastutAnyatvanirUpaNAtmaka alaMkAra yaha bhI atizayokti kA prakAra vizeSa hai| isameM varNyavastu ko sajAtIya vastuoM se bhinna pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai jisase usakA lokottara svarUpa vyaMjita hotA hai / AvRttimUlaka alaMkAra yadyapi isa prakAra ke alaMkAra kA ullekha prAcIna AcAryoM ne nahIM kiyA hai tathApi pada vizeSa kI AvRtti se ukti meM vaicitrya utpanna hotA hai aura vastu ke mahimAtizaya sthiti kI ekarUpatA Adi kI vyaMjanA hotI hai athavA arthavizeSa para bala par3atA hai / AcArya Anandavardhana ne padapaunaruktya ko kahIM kahIM vyaMjakatva kA hetu batalAte hue tatsAdhavo na na vidanti vidanti kintu " yahA~ vidanti ke paunaruktya ko " ve hI saba kucha acchI taraha 1. kAvyaprakAza 90 / 117 2. " uktA byAjastutiH punaH / nindAstutibhyAM vAcyAbhyAM gamyatve stutinindayoH !" -sAhityadarpaNa, 10/59-60

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvainnAnika anuzIlana jAnate haiM "artha kA vyaMjaka batalAyA hai| isI prakAra nimna udAharaNoM meM padapunarukti vibhinna arthoM kI vyaMjaka hai - yasyAsti ktiM sa naraH kulInaH sa paNDitaH sa zrutavAnguNataH / sa eva vaktA sa ca darzanIyaH sarveguNAH kAJcanamAzrayante / yahA~ "sa" pada kI punarukti samasta guNoM kI ekAzrayatA kA bhAva vyaMjita karane kA sazakta mAdhyama hai| sA basaI tuma hipae sA bia achIsu sAa baaNesu / amhArisANa suMdara o Aso kalpa pAvANam // isa gAthA meM " sa" pada kI AvRtti se nAyaka kI ekamayatA yA tanmayatA ghotita hotI hai| viyA nAma narasya rUpamaSikaM prasanaguptaM dhanaM, viyA bhogakarI yazaHsukhakarI viyA gurUNAM guruH / viyA bandhujano videzagamane viyA parA devatA, viyA rAjasu pUjyate nahi panaM viyAvihInaH pshuH|| yahA~ " vidyA" zabda kI punarukti se vidyA kA sarvAtizayI guNAtizaya vyaMjita hotA hai| prAptAH zriyaH sakalakAmadudhAstataH kiM, dattaM padaM zirasi vidviSatA tataH kim ? sammAnitAH praNapino vibhabastataH kiM, kalpasthitAstanubhRtAM tanavastataH kim ?' yahAM " kim" pada kI punarukti se zloka meM varNita sabhI kAryoM kI vyarthatA aura unase bhinna ekamAtra mokSa-sAdhanA kI sArthakatA ghotita hotI hai| 9. "prasaGgAt paunaruktayAntaramapi vyaJjakamityAha padapaunaruktyamati padagrahaNavAkyAderapi yayAsambhavamupa lakSaNam / vidantIti / ta eva hi sarve vidanti sutarAmiti dhvanyate / vAkya paunaruktyaM yathA - "pazya dvIpAdanyasmAdapi" iti vacanAntaraM kaH sandehaH? dvIpAdanyasmAdapi itynenopst prApti ravinitaiva dhvnyte| "kiM kim ? svasthA bhavanti mayi jIvati" ityanemAmarSAtizayaH / "sarvakSitibhRtAM nAtha dRdha sarvAGgasundarI" iti unmAdAtizayaH / - dhvanyAlokalocana, 3/16 pR0 388-389 nItizataka, 33 3. kAvyaprakAza, 10/136 4. nItizataka, 20 4. vairAgyazataka ,

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana calA lakSmIzcatAH prANAzcalaM jIvitayauvanam / . calAcale ca saMsAre dharma eko hi nizcalaH // ' yahA~ "calA" pada kI punarukti saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha kI nazvaratA vyaMjita karane kA advitIya sAdhana hai| udaye savitA tAmrastAmrazcAstamane tsh| sampattau ca vipattau ca mahatAmekarUpatA // yahA~ "tAmra" zabda kI punarukti se udaya aura asta donoM avasthAoM meM ekarUpatA kA dyotana hotA hai| "tAmra" ke rUpa meM "rakta" kA bhI prayoga ho sakatA thA, kintu "tAmra" ke atirikta anya paryAya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA to arthabheda na hone para bhI zabdabheda ke kAraNa ekarUpatA kI pratIti na ho pAtI / / kAkaH kRSNaH pikaH kRSNaH ko bhedaH pikkaakyoH| basantakAle samprApte kAkaH kAkaH pikaH pikaH // yahA~ uttarArdha meM punarukta "kAkaH" aura "pikaH" pada kramazaH "karkaza dhvani karane vAlA " tathA "madhura dhvani karane vAlA" artha dhvanita karate haiM / yaha lATAnuprAsa tathA arthAntara saMkramitavAcya dhvani kA bhI udAharaNa hai| padakamamUlaka alaMkAra punarukta padoM ke kramavizeSa yA sthAnavizeSa meM bhI arthavizeSa kI vyaMjanA hotI hai| udAharaNArtha - yUyaM vayaM vayaM yUpamityAsInmati rAvayoH / kiM jAtamadhunA mitra ! yUyaM yUyaM vayaM vayam // . isa zloka ke pUrvArdha meM "yUyaM vayaM vayaM yUyam" padoM kA jo krama hai usase donoM vyaktiyoM kI abhinnahRdayatA vyaMjita hotI hai| uttarArdha meM inhIM padoM kA krama badalakara "yUyaM yUyaM vayaM vayam" isa prakAra ho gayA hai, jisase donoM kI bhinnahRdayatA kA ghotana hotA hai| padoM ke isa krama parivartana se ukti meM vaicitrya bhI hai| 1. vairAgyazataka, 96 2. zailI aura zailIvijJAna - vi. kRSNasvAmI ayaMgAra, pRSTha- 54

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana jayodaya meM alaMkAra : arthAlaMkAra ___ AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ne inameM se aneka alaMkAroM kA jayodaya meM prayoga kara mAnavacaritra, vastusvarUpa kI vizeSatAoM tathA mAnavIya saMvegoM kI sundara abhivyaMjanA kI hai| unake prayoga se bhASA meM vakroktijanya rocakatA tathA vyaMjakatAjanya cArutva bhI A gayA hai / kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM - upamA mahAkavi ne vastu kI svAbhAvika ramaNIyatA, utkRSTatA evaM viziSTatA, manobhAvoM kI ugratA evaM cAritrika vaiziSTya ko cArutvamayI abhivyakti dene ke liye upamA alaMkAra kA Azraya liyA hai / nimna padya meM kezoM kI svAbhAvika manoharatA kA unmIlana karane meM upamA alaMkAra ne mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai : veNIyameNIdRza eva bhASAleNI sadA mekalakanyakAvAH / harasya hArAkRtimAdadhAnA yUnAM manomohakarI vidhAnAt // 11/70 - mRganayanI sulocanA kI coTI suzobhita ho rahI hai / yaha coTI narmadA nadI kI dhArA ke samAna dhuMgharAlI (kAlI tathA kuTila) hai / isakI AkRti bhagavAn zaMkara ke hAra (sarpa) ke samAna hai / yaha taruNoM ke mana ko mohita karatI hai| yahA~ narmadA nadI evaM hara ke hAra ke upamAnoM ne kezoM kI kRSNatA, vizAlatA tathA kuTilatA ko netroM ke sAmane upasthita sA kara diyA hai / ____ Are se lakar3I ko kATe jAne kI upamA arkakIrti kI tIvra manovyathA ko anubhUtigamya banAne meM bar3I saphala huI hai . pathasamuyutaye yatitaM mayA parivadiSyati tatsudRgAzayA / mama hRdaM tadudantamaho bhinatyayi vibho karapatramivenyanam // 9/33 - he prabho ! maiMne sanmArga ke prakAzanArtha prayAsa kiyA, kintu loga to yahI kaheMge ki sulocanA kI prApti kI AzA se yuddha kiyaa| yaha bAta mere hRdaya ko isa prakAra vidIrNa kara rahI hai jaise ArA kASTha ko / kavi ne upamA dvArA dhana kI kaSTa-sAdhyatA evaM kSaNabhaMguratA saphalatA pUrvaka vyaMjita kI hai - nanu jano bhuvi sampadupArjane prayatatAM vipadAmuta krjne| . milati lAlikAphalavArivad jati yad gajamuktakapitvavat // 25/11

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 97 saMsArI prANI sampatti ke upArjana evaM vipattiyoM ke parihAra hetu bhale hI prayatna kareM para vaha zubhodaya hone para nAriyala ke andara sthita pAnI ke samAna sampatti AtI hai tathA azubhodaya hone para gaja dvArA khAye hue kaitha ke phala ke samAna naSTa ho jAtI hai / vRkSa meM lage hue nAriyala meM pAnI Ane meM adhika samaya lagatA hai / sampatti ke arjana meM bhI adhika samaya lagatA hai ataH 'lAGgalikAphalavArivad" upamAna se dhana-sampatti kI kaSTa sAdhyatA vyaMjita hotI hai| jaba hAthI kaitha ke phala kA bhakSaNa karatA hai to usakA pAcana kucha hI ghaNToM meM ho jAtA hai| dhana sampatti bhI zIghra hI naSTa ho jAtI hai / ataeva yahA~ "gajabhuktakapitthavat" upamAna dhanasampatti kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA dyotaka hai / samudra kI upamA ne jayakumAra ke dhIra svabhAva ko prabhAvazAlI DhaMga ke vyaMjita kiyA hai - saMvahanapi gabhIramAzayamityanena viSameNa saJjayaH / kena vA pralayajena sindhuvat kSobhamApa nilato'tha yo bhuvaH // 7/74 yadyapi jayakumAra gambhIra prakRti kA thA tathApi vaha isa viSama prasaMga ( arkakIrti kA yuddhonmukha honA) meM usI prakAra kSubdha ho gayA jaise pralayakAlIna pavana se samudra / samudra atyanta gambhIra aura maryAdAzIla hotA hai| vaha kevala pralayakAlIna pavana se hI kSubdha hotA hai / sAdhAraNa vAyu use prabhAvita nahIM kara sakatI / jayakumAra bhI atyanta dhairyavAn thA / sAdhAraNa pratikUlatAyeM use kSubdha nahIM kara sakatI thIM / asAdhAraNa. pratikUla paristhiti meM hI vaha kSobha ko prApta huA thA / isa prakAra jayakumAra ke lie samudra kI upamA usake atyanta dhIra svabhAva kI vyaMjaka hai / rUpaka vastu ke saundarya, bhAvAtireka tathA amUrta tatvoM ke atIndriya svarUpa ko hRdayaMgama banAne ke lie kavi ne rUpaka kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai / nimna padya meM "saMsArasamudra" evaM "zrIpAdapAdapapada" rUpaka saMsAra kI vizAlatA, gahanatA, bhayaMkaratA tathA bhagavAn ke caraNoM kI zAntipradAyakatA ke saphala vyaMjaka haiM - zrIpAdapAdapapadaM samavApa dhIraH / tatrA''nama~stu jharaduttaralAkSimattvAnmuktAphalAni lalitAni samApa sattvAt // 26 / 69 saMsArasAgarasutIravadAdivIra dhIra vIra jayakumAra ne saMsArarUpI sAgara ke uttama taTa svarUpa prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke caraNarUpI vRkSa kA zItala sthAna prApta kiyA / unheM bArambAra namaskAra kiyA / unhoMne sAtvika bhAva ke kAraNa jharatI huI caMcala A~khoM se mukta ho manohara motI *

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98 . jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana prApta kiye / arthAt bhagavAn ke caraNoM kA sAnnidhya prApta hone para unake netroM se harSAzru nikalane lage / ve azrukaNa motI sadRzaM dikhAI de rahe the / nimna zloka meM citta para mayUra ke Aropa se rAjA akampana kA harSAtireka anAyAsa vyaMjita ho uThA hai . zrIpayoparabharAkulitAyAH saMgirA bhuvanasaMviditAyAH / kAzikAnRpatiktikalApI sammadena sahasA samavApi // 5/55 - atyanta sundara evaM unnata payodharoM vAlI buddhidevI kI vANI sunakara mahArAjA akampana kA cittamayUra prasanna ho gyaa| adholikhita padha meM "bodhanadIpa" evaM "mohatama" rUpaka jJAna evaM moha ke svarUpa ko atyanta saralatA se hRdaya kI gaharAI meM utAra dete haiM - navadiho na tathA na dazAntaramapi tu mohatamoharaNAdaraH / lasati bodhanadIpa ivAnyataH vidhipataGgagaNaH patati svataH // 25/69 - vivekI manuSya ko kisI padArtha meM na to sneharUpI rAga hotA hai aura na dazAntara-rAga ke viparIta dveSa hotA hai / vaha to moharUpa andhakAra ko naSTa karane ke lie satat prayatnazIla rahatA hai / jJAnarUpa dIpaka hI aisA hai jisa para karmarUpI pataMge svataH girakara naSTa ho jAte utotA mahAkavi ne jayodaya meM bhAvAtmakatA evaM citrAtmakatA kI sRSTi, caritracitraNa aura vastu varNana ko prabhAvI banAne ke lie upekSA kA sundara prayoga kiyA hai| nimna padya meM prayukta uprekSA yuddha kI bhayAnakatA kA unmUlana karatI hai - nimnAni gandharvazaH kRtAni patrAva kausumbhakabhAvanAni / bhRtAni raktaryamarANizAntasaMvyAnarAgAmiva sma bhAnti // 8/27 - yuddhasthala meM ghor3oM ke khuroM se jamIna meM gaDDhe ho gaye the unameM vIroM kA rakta bhara gayA thA / vIroM ke rakta se paripUrNa gaDDhe aise pratIta ho rahe the mAnoM yamarAja kI rAniyoM ke vastroM ko raMgane ke lie kusumbha se bhare pAtra hoN| rAjA jayakumAra ke parAkrama evaM zaktizAlitA kI abhivyakti ke lie bhI uThokSA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai - ahInalambe bhugamaJjudaNDa vinirSitAkhaDalazuSmiA / parAyaNAyAM bhuvi bhUpateH sa zuceva zuklatvamayApa zeSaH // 1/25

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 99 - rAjA jayakumAra kI zeSanAga ke samAna lambI bhujAoM ne indra ke airAvata ko bhI jIta,liyA thA / una bhujAoM ke sahAre pRthvI sudRr3ha bana gayI thI, mAnoM isI soca meM zeSanAga sapheda par3a gayA hai| adholikhita zloka meM utprekSA nAyikA kI kaTi kI kRzatA ko prabhAvazAlIrUpa se vyaMjita karatI hai - vaktraM vinirmAya purAramasmiJcandrabhramAtsaGkucatIha tasmin / nijAsane cAkulatAM prayAtA cakre na vai madhyamitIva dhaataa| 11/25 // - vidhAtA ne sarvaprathama sulocanA ke mukha kA nirmANa kiyA / mukha meM candramA ke bhrama se usakA Asana (kamala) saMkucita ho gayA / isalie Akulita hokara hI mAnoM vidhAtA ne sulocanA kI kamara nahIM banAI / apahuti apahRti kA eka cAmatkArika prayoga nimna zloka meM huA hai - vyaJjaneSviva saundaryamAtrAropAvasAnako / visargau stanasandezAt smareNodezitAvitaH // 3/49 // - sulocanA ke zarIra meM jo stanadvaya the, ve vAstava meM stana nahIM the apitu sulocanA ke zarIra meM saundaryAdhAna pUrNa ho cukA hai, isakI sUcanA dene ke lie kAmadeva ne do visarga rakha diye the / sasandeha kavi' isa alaMkAra ke dvArA vastu ke saundaryAtizaya kI pratIti karAI hai / yathA alikocitasImni kuntalA vibabhUvuH sutanoranAkulAH / suvizeSaka dIpasambhavA vilasantyo'janarAjayo na vA // 10/33 // - sulocanA ke lalATa pradeza para saMvAre gaye keza kahIM zubha tilaka rUpI dIpaka se utpanna kajjalasamUha to nahIM haiM ? yahA~ sundarI sulocanA ke kezoM meM kajjalarAzi ke sandeha se kezoM kA kAlimAtizaya atyanta prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se vyaMjita huA hai / isI prakAra - zazinastvAsye radeSu bhAnAM kacanicaye'pi ca tamaso bhAnAm / samuditabhAvaM gatA zarvarIyaM samasti madanaikamajarI // 11/93 //

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100 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ___ - isa (sulocanA) ke mukha meM candramA kI zobhA hai, dA~toM meM nakSatroM kI tathA kezapAza meM andhakAra kI / yaha sAkSAt rAtri hai yA kAmadeva kI puSpakalikA ? yaha sandeha sulocanA ke mukha evaM dA~toM ke saundaryAtizaya kA tathA kezoM ke kAlimAtizaya kA advitIya vyaMjaka hai / nimna zloka meM bhI sulocanA ke saundaryAtizaya kI prabhAvazAlI vyaMjanA huI hai - cArurviSoH kArurutAmRtAtmA svAruk sadA rUpanirutAtmA / padmodarAdAttatanuH zubhAbhyAM vibhAjate mAdarvasauSThavAbhyAm // 11/92 // - yaha (sulocanA) candramA kI manohara zilpakriyA hai athavA sadA divyarUpa vAlI sundara devI hai yA saundarya samudra kI AtmA ? yaha zubhasUcaka sundaratA tathA komalatA ke kAraNa aisI pratIta hotI hai jaise isakA zarIra kamala ke udara se utpanna huA hai / samAsokti isameM prastuta para aprastuta kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai / jar3a aura tiryaMcoM para mAnava vyApAroM kA Aropa unako mAnava hRdaya ke aura bhI samIpa le AtA hai tathA bhAvoM ke bodha meM adhika tIvratA paidA kara detA hai / kavi ne zIghratA se tIvra bhAvabodha karAne meM samAsokti kA prayoga kiyA hai / yuddha hetu tatpara jayakumAra ke prati kavi kI ukti hai - somasUnurucitAM dhanurlatAM sandadhau pravara ityataH satAm / zrIkare sa khalu vANabhUSitAM zuddhavaMzajanitAM guNAnvitAm // 7/83 // - jayakumAra sajjana puruSoM meM zreSTha mAnA jAtA thA / usane kara meM zuddhavaMzotpanna, guNAnvita evaM samucita bANa se vibhUSita dhanurlatA ko grahaNa kiyA / dhanurlatA ke zuddhavaMzajanitA, guNAnvitA evaM bANabhUSitA vizeSaNoM se pavitra kulotpanna, rUpa saundaryAdi guNoM se yukta tathA vivAha dIkSA se yukta yuvatI kI pratIti hotI hai / dhanurlatA para nAyikA kA Aropa hone se vaha zRMgAra rasa kA vibhAva bana gayI hai aura varNana rasAtmaka ho gayA hai| vyatireka alaMkAra mahAkavi ne vyatireka alaMkAra kA prayoga kara vastu ke advitIya saundarya aura mahimAtizaya kI abhivyaMjanA kI hai / nimna zloka meM vyatireka ke dvArA jayakumAra ke lokottara rUpa saundarya kI vyaMjanA kI gaI hai . ihAGgasambhAvitasauSThavasya zrIvAmarUpasya vapuzca pasya / anaGgatAmeva gatA samastu tanuH smarasyApi hi pazyatastu // 1/46 //

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 101 jayakumAra kA zarIra adbhuta rUpasaundaryazAlI thA jise dekhate hI kAmadeva kA zarIra anaMga ho gayA / adholikhita zloka meM vyatireka ke dvArA kathA kA mahimAtizaya vyaMjita huA haikathApyathAmuSya yadi zrutArAttathA vRthA sA''rya sudhAsudhArA / kAmaikadezariNI sudhA sA kathA caturvarganisargavAsA // 1 / 3 // - he Arya ! isa rAjA ( jayakumAra) kI kathA yadi eka bAra bhI suna lI to phira amRta kI abhilASA na rahegI, kyoMki amRta to cAroM puruSArthoM meM kevala eka kAma puruSArtha hI pradAna karatA hai para isa rAjA kI kathA cAroM puruSArthoM kI pradAyaka hai / yahA~ upamAna amRta se upameya kathA ke Adhikya (vaiziSTya ) kA varNana hone se vyatireka alaMkAra hai / yaha amRta kI tulanA meM jayakumAra kI kathA ke mahimAtizaya kA vyaMjaka hai / antimAn hai - vastu ke svAbhAvika svarUpa ke unmIlana hetu kavi ne bhrAntimAn kA prayoga kiyA puline calanena kevalaM valitagrIvamupasthito bakaH / manasi vrajatAM manasvinAmatanocchvetasarojasambhramam // 13 / 63 // nadI ke kinAre bagulA eka paira se khar3A huA hai aura usane apanI grIvA Ter3hI kara rakhI hai / yaha bagulA vivekIjana ke mana meM zveta kamala kA bhrama utpanna kara rahA hai / yahA~ bagule meM kamala kI bhrAnti bagule kI svAbhAvika ujjvalatA kI abhivyaMjaka hai / - isI prakAra talavAra kI camaka meM bijalI kI camaka kI bhrAnti ke dvArA talavAra ke daidIpyamAna svarUpa kI pratIti karAyI gayI hai. - udbhUtasaddhUlighanAndhakAre zampA sakampA sma lasatyudAre / raNAGgaNe pANikRpANamAlA cukUjurevaM tu zikhaNDibAlAH // 8/8 // - ur3I huI dhUli ke kAraNa vizAla raNasthala megha kI taraha andhakArAcchanna ho gayA thA / vahA~ yoddhAoM ke hAthoM meM talavAreM camaka rahI thIM, moroM ke baccoM ne unheM dekhA to ve use bijalI samajha kara kekAvANI karane lage /

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102 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana nidarzanA kArya ke aucitya - anaucitya ke stara kI pratIti karAne meM yaha alaMkAra atyanta sahAyaka hai | mahAkavi ne isI prayojana se kAvya meM nidarzanA kA prayoga kiyA hai / yathA - .. jayamupaiti subhIrumatallikA'khilajanIjanamastakamallikA / - bahuSu bhUpavareSu mahIpate maNiraho caraNe pratibaddhyate // 9/77 - he rAjan ! aneka bar3e bar3e rAjAoM ke hone para bhI samasta strI samAja kI ziromaNi, zreSThatama taruNI sulocanA jayakumAra ko prApta ho gaI hai / maNi ko pairoM meM bA~dha diyA gayA hai| ___ yahA~ "maNiH caraNe pratibaddhyate" yaha nidarzanA zreSThatama taruNI ke jayakumAra ko prApta ho jAne ke anaucitya kA stara spaSTa kara detI hai| isI prakAra - nItimItimanayo nayanayaM durmatiH samupakarSati svayam / ulmukaM zizuvadAtmano'zubhaM yo'hni vAJchati hi vastutastu bham // 7/79 / _ - durmati arkakIrti nIti kA ullaMghana kara rahA hai / yaha jalI lakar3I ko pakar3ane vAle bAlaka ke samAna svayaM kA akalyANa karanA cAhatA hai / dina meM nakSatroM ko dekhanA cAhatA hai| yahA~ "ahni vAJchati hi vastutastu bham" isa ukti ke dvArA arkakIrti kI icchA ke anaucitya kA svarUpa samyagrUpeNa hRdayaMgama ho jAtA hai / arthAntaranyAsa kavi ne pAtroM ke vicAroM ko bala pradAna karane, mAnavIya AcaraNa kA aucitya siddha karane, vastu ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana tathA jIvana kI saphalatA ke lie Avazyaka nirdeza dene hetu isa alaMkAra kA prayoga kiyA hai / nimna uktiyoM meM arthAntaranyAsa ke dvArA vibhinna naitika AdhAroM para vibhinna puruSoM ke AcaraNa kA aucitya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai - _ mAthavaMzina ivenduvaMzinaH ye kuto'pi parapakSazaMsinaH / tairapIha paravAhinI dhutA kRcchkAla uditA hi bandhutA // 7/91 // - jo nAthavaMzI aura somavaMzI manuSya arkakIrti kI senA meM the, ve usakI senA chor3akara jayakumAra kI senA meM sammilita ho gaye / Apatti ke samaya jo sAtha detI hai vahI bandhutA hai|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 103 suraH samAgatyatamAM sa bhadraM sanAgapAzaM zaramardhacandram / dadau yatazvAvasare'GgagavattA nigadyate sA sahakArisattA // 8/77 // nAgacara deva ne jayakumAra ko nAgapAza evaM ardhacandra bANa pradAna kiyA / samaya para sahayoga denA hI sahakArI bhAva kahalAtA hai / na cAturo'pyeSa narastadarthamakampanaM yAcitavAn samarthaH / kimanyakairjIvitameva yAtu na yAcitaM mAni upaiti jAtu // 1/72 // yadyapi sAmarthyazAlI jayakumAra sulocanA ke prati Atura thA phira bhI usane mahArAjA akampana se unakI putrI sulocanA ke liye yAcanA nahIM kI / svayaM kA jIvana bhale hI samApta ho jAye, svAbhimAnI kisI se yAcanA nahIM karatA / - manovaijJAnika evaM dhArmika tathyoM ke bala para kartavya vizeSa ke aucitya kI siddhi meM arthAntaranyAsa kA prabhAvapUrNa prayoga nimna padyoM meM milatA hai - arthazAstramavalokayennRrAT kauzalaM samanubhAvayettarAm / zrIprajAsu padavIM vrajetparAM vyarthatA hi maraNAdbhayaGkarA // 2/59 // sajjana puruSa arthazAstra kA adhyayana kare jisase vaha samAja meM rahate hue kuzalatApUrvaka jIvana yApana kara sake tathA pratiSThA prApta kara sake, anyathA daridratA maraNa se bhI bhayaMkara dukhaHdAyinI hotI hai / itthamAtmasamayAnusArataH sampravRttipara ApradoSataH / prArthayet prabhumabhitracetasA citsthitirhi parizuddhirenasAm // 2/ 122 // - dezakAla ke anusAra prAtaH se sAyaMkAla taka samucita pravRtti karane vAle gRhastha kA kartavya hai ki citta ko sthira rakhakara paramAtmA kA smaraNa kare, kyoMki citta kI sthiratA hI pApoM se bacAne vAlI hotI hai / dRSTAnta dRSTAnta alaMkAra ke nimnalikhita prayojana haiM: kathana ke aucitya kA pratipAdana, usakA spaSTIkaraNa tathA bhAvAtireka kI vyaMjanA / var3avAnala ke dRSTAnta se arkakIrti ke krodha kI bhayaMkaratA kA dyotana saMbhava huA haisaMprasAribhiraurvavanRpa samudravAribhiH / bhUrizo'pi mama kiM badAni vacanaiH sa bhArata-bhUpabhUrna khalu zAntatAM gataH // 7 / 72 // he rAjan ! kyA kahU~ ? jisa prakAra var3avAnala samudra ke vipulaM jala se bhI zAnta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra mere dvArA kahe gaye sAntvanApUrNa vacanoM se arkakIrti ( kA krodha ) zAnta nahIM huA /

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*104 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana jayakumAra kI sthiti ko spaSTa karane meM siMhasuta kA dRSTAnta kitanA upayukta hai - sAdhAraNaparAdhIzAJ jitvA'pi sa jayaH kutaH / dvipendro nu mRgendrasya sutena tulanAmiyAt // 7/49 // - jayakumAra ne sAdhAraNa rAjAoM ko jItA hai, kyA vaha pUrNa vijayI kahalA sakatA hai ? hAthI anya pazuoM se bar3A hone para bhI kyA siMha ke bacce kI barAbarI kara sakatA hai? __ jayakumAra ke hAthoM parAjita arkakIrti ko rAjA akampana samajhAte haiM / akampana dvArA jayakumAra ke prati kSamAbhAva dhAraNa kiye jAne ke aucitya ko gAya aura bachar3e kA dRSTAnta atyanta mArmika DhaMga se pratipAdita karatA hai| yadapi cApalamApa lalAma te jaya ihAstu sa eva mahAmate / urasi sanihatApi payo'rpayatyaya nijAya tuje surabhiH svayam // 9/12 // (uttarArdha) - rAjan ! Apa mahAn haiM / jayakumAra ne jo capalatA kI (yuddha meM Apako parAjita kara bandI banAyA) use bhUla jAyeM / dUdha pIte samaya bachar3A gAya kI chAtI meM coTa mAratA hai, parantu gAya krodhita na hokara use dUdha hI pilAtI hai / sukha kI AzA se saMsAra meM bhaTakate hue manuSya kI bhrAntadazA ko anubhUtigamya banAne meM mRgamarIcikA ke dRSTAnta ne kavi ko avarNanIya saphalatA pradAna kI hai - bhramaNametu janaH khalu mAyayAtiguNastaruNo'pi ca tRssnnyaa| api tu jAtu ca yAtu marIcikAvivaraNe hariNaH kimu vIcikAm // 25/43 // - moha se AcchAdita saMsArI prANI indriya viSayoM kI tRSNA se taruNa hokara saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai, para use raMcamAtra bhI sukha usI prakAra prApta nahIM hotA, jaise marusthala meM jala prApti kI AzA se bhaTakate mRga ko jala kI eka bUMda bhI upalabdha nahIM hotI / mAlArupa prativastUpamA kathana ke aucitya ko siddha karane hetu kavi ne mAlArUpa prativastUpamA alaMkAra kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / yazga - zakyameva sakalairvidhIyate ko nu nAgamaNimAmumutpatet / kUpake ca rasako'pyupekSyate pAdukA tu patitA sthitiH kSateH // 2/16 - sabhI logoM ke dvArA zakya kArya hI kiyA jAtA hai / nAgamaNi prApta karane ke liye kauna prayala karegA ? kue~ meM par3e carasa kI sabhI upekSA karate haiM, parantu yadi usameM jUtI gira jAya to koI sahana nahIM karatA /

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 105 yahA~ para prathama caraNa upameya tathA zeSa caraNa upamAna haiM jo " zakyameva sakalairvidhIyate" (sabhI logoM dvArA zakya kArya kiyA jAtA hai) ukti kA aucitya siddha karate haiM / vibhAvanA vastu ke guNa vaiziSTya evaM mahimAtizaya ko vyaMjita karane ke lie kavi ne vibhAvanA kA sundara prayoga kiyA gayA hai / yathA - phullatyasaGgAdhipatiM munInamavekSyamANo bakulaH kulInaH / vinaiva hAlAkuralAn vadhUnAM vratAzritaM vAgatavAnadUnAm || 1 / 81 - nirgranthoM ke adhipati munirAja ko dekhakara maulazrI kA vRkSa vadhuoM ke madyakulloM ke binA hI vikasita ho rahA hai / mAnoM nirdoSa mUlaguNoM ko prApta kara rahA hai / vadhuoM ke mukhamadya ko prApta kiye binA hI maulazrI ke vikasita hone kA varNana hone se vibhAvanA alaMkAra hai / yaha munirAja ke prabhAvAtizaya ko dyotita karane kA sarvottama mAdhyama bana par3A hai| isI prakAra azoka Alokya patiM AzokaM prazAntacittaM vyakasatsurokam / - rAgeNa rAjIvadRzaH sametaM pAdaprahAraM sa kutaH saheta // 1/84 - zokarahita prasannacitta munirAja ko dekhakara yaha azoka vRkSa niHsaMkoca svayaM hI vikasita ho gayA / vaha anurAgavaza kamalanayanA kAminI dvArA kiye jAne vAle pAdaprahAra ko kaise sahana kara sakatA hai ? yahA~ nAyikA ke pAdaprahAra ke binA azoka vRkSa ke vikasita hone kA varNana hone se vibhAvanA alaMkAra hai / yaha munirAja kI satsaMgatijanya lAbhAtizaya kA vyaMjaka hai / virodhAbhAsa mahAkavi ne vastu ke utkarSa evaM rUpa saundaryAtizaya kI vyaMjanA hetu virodhAbhAsa alaMkAra kA Azraya bhI liyA hai - anaGgaramyo'pi sadaGgabhAvAdabhUt samudro'pyajaDasvabhAvAt / na gotrabhitkintu sadA pavitraH svaceSTitenetyamasau vicitraH || 1/41 rAjA jayakumAra sundara zarIravAlA hote hue bhI sundara zarIra vAlA nahIM thA ( anaMgaramya = kAmadeva ke samAna manohara thA) ajala svabhAva hote hue bhI samudra thA / parvatabhedI na hote hue bhI vajradhArI indra thA / isa prakAra vaha vicitra ceSTAvAn thA / *

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106 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana yahA~ "sadaGgabhAvAt api anaGgaramyaH" "ajaDasvabhAvAt api samudraH" tathA "na gotrabhit kintu sadA pavitraH" prayogoM meM zAbdika virodha hone se virodhAbhAsa alaMkAra hai / isase yaha vyaMjita hotA hai ki jayakumAra uttama aMgoM vAlA hone se kAmadeva ke samAna sundara thA / usakA jar3a svabhAva (maMda buddhi) na hone se vaha aizvaryazAlI thA / vaha apane gotra ko malina nahIM karatA thA ataeva sadAcArI thA / isa prakAra yahA~ virodhAbhAsa jayakumAra ke rUpa saundaryAtizaya evaM guNAtizaya kA vyaMjaka hai / nimna zloka meM digambara muni ke utkRSTa cAritra kI abhivyaMjanA meM virodhAbhAsa kA prayoga atyanta saphala huA hai - sadAcAravihIno'pi sadAcAraparAyaNaH / sa rAjApi tapasvI san samakSo'pyakSarodhakaH // 28/5 muni jayakumAra sadAcAravihIna (sadA cAra+vihIna bhramaNarahita) hote hue bhI sadAcAra parAyaNa the / rAjA hokara bhI tapasvI the / samakSa hokara bhI akSarodhaka the / sampUrNa zloka meM virodhAtmaka zabdoM kA prayoga hai ataH virodhAbhAsa alaMkAra hai / virodha kA parihAra isa prakAra hogA - muni jayakumAra paribhramaNa kA tyAgakara (ekAnta sthAna para rahakara) svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi meM rata rahate the / rAjA (sundara zarIra vAle) the / samakSa (Atma - sammukha) hokara indriyoM ko vaza meM karate the| dIpaka dIpaka alaMkAra ke dvArA striyoM ke saundarya kI atyanta prabhAvazAlitA tathA puruSoM ke citta kI atyanta durbalatA kA dyotana bar3I saphalatA se huA hai - tanUnapAdirgadanaM tapAdiH khaNDaM tvaambhoruhrmypaayiH| samAsamRdAsa vilAsabhASAdibhirnRto'pagaleta sakAzAt // 16/45 - agni ke dvArA maila (madana) gala jAtA hai, jala ke dvArA zakkara gala jAtI hai aura kamalavat sundara caraNoM vAlI striyoM ke hAsa, vilAsa, sambhASaNa, anunaya, vinaya Adi se puruSa kA citta gala jAtA hai| ina alaMkAroM ke atirikta mahAkavi ne zleSa, vakrokti, sama, smaraNa, ullekha, svabhAvokti, hetu, anumAna, anyathAnupapatti, viruddhabhAva, vAkyAlaMkAra, tarka vitarka, tadguNa,

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107 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana sahajasahayogitA Adi alaMkAroM tathA alaMkAra-saMkara evaM alaMkAra saMstuSTi kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / inase ukti meM vaicitrya mAtra AyA hai, abhivyakti meM ramaNIyatA kA AdhAna nahIM huA hai isalie kAvyatva kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai| kavi ne citrAlaMkAroM kI racanA meM bhI zrama kiyA hai / inakA bhI kAvyAtmaka mahatva nahIM hai tathApi kavi kI tadviSayaka pratibhA kA paricaya dene hetu eka udAharaNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai -- citrAlaMkAra jahA~ vizeSa prakAra ke vinyAsa se lipibaddha kiye gaye varNa, khaMga, muraja, kamala, cakra Adi ke AkAra ko prakaTa karate haiM vahA~ citrAlaMkAra hotA hai / ' jayodaya meM mahAkavi ne cakrabandha citrAlaMkAra kA prayoga kiyA hai / kAvya ke sattAIsa sarga taka pratyeka sarga ke anta meM eka-eka cakrabandha evaM antima sarga meM eka cakrabandha evaM eka zivikA bandha citrAlaMkAra isa prakAra kula untIsa citrAlaMkAra milate haiM / ina cakrabandhoM kI pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye pUre sarga ke varNyaviSaya ke zIrSaka haiM evaM sarga ke sAra ko abhivyakta karate haiN| prayeka cakrabandha dvArA saMketita varNyaviSaya isa prakAra haiM - (1) kAzInareza jayakumAra dvArA sAdhu kI upAsanA karanA, (2) ratiprabhadeva kA jayakumAra se vinamra nivedana karanA, .. (3) sulocanA svayaMvara hetu dUta dvArA rAjAoM ko AmaMtrita karanA, (4) rAjAoM kA svayaMvara sabhA meM pahu~canA, (5) svayaMvara prArambha honA, (6) buddhidevI dvArA nRpaparicaya evaM sulocanA dvArA jayakumAra kA varaNa, (7) arkakIrti tathA jayakumAra dvArA yuddha kI taiyAriyA~ karanA, (8) yuddha meM arkakIrti kA parAjita honA, (9) bharata cakravartI ke samIpa akampana ke dUta dvArA svayaMvara samAcAra bhejakara kSamA yAcanA karanA, (10) pANigrahaNa saMskAra prArambha karanA, 1. kAvyaprakAza, 9/85 2. jayodaya, 28/96

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108 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana (11) jayakumAra dvArA sulocanA ke rUpa saundarya kA varNana, (12) pANigrahaNa saMskAra pUrNa honA, (13) jayakumAra kA vadhU sahita gaMgA nadI ke taTa para pahu~canA, (14) jayakumAra kA jalakrIr3A varNana, (15) rAtri Agamana kA varNana, (16) somarasapAnagoSThI kA varNana, (17) rAtrikrIr3A varNana, (18) prAtaH kAlIna zobhA kA varNana, (19) jayakumAra kA prAtaH kAlIna sandhyAvandana, (20) jayakumAra dvArA bharata cakravartI kI vandanA karanA, (21) jayakumAra kA hastinApura pahu~canA, (22) jayakumAra - sulocanA kA bhogavilAsa varNana, (23) pUrvajanma kA smaraNa evaM divyavibhUti kI prApti kA varNana, (24) jayakumAra sulocanA kA tIrthayAtrA karanA, (25) jayakumAra kI vairAgya - bhAvanA kA varNana, (26) jayakumAra kA parigraha tyAgakara vana prasthAna karanA, (27) RSabhadeva dvArA jayakumAra ko upadeza prApta honA, evaM (28) jayakumAra kA mokSa prApta karanA / - cakrabandha citrAlaMkAra kA sacitra nidarzana isa prakAra hai janma zrIguNasAdhanaM svayamavan saMduHkhadainyAd bahiryanenaiva vibhuprasiddhayazase pApApakRt sattvapaH / maJjUpAsakasaGgataM niyamanaM zAsti sma pRthvIbhRte, tejaHpuJjamayo yathAgamamathA hiMsAdhipaH zrImate / 1 / 113

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana (6 te bha zrI 3 Latc jaH Ze puM Liga B Led *Ter sti za. kha cakrabandha 1 ja nma zrI F12 17 18 15 FIT sA kama 15 15 1 bha la sa va ba yi naM ya duH kha 6 pmn dva hi: 4 s ni thA jayodaya mahAkAvya prathama- sarga, 993 yo S 126 khAla va zeSa sa yA jU PCS s 2 Le thA ga 90'

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana prastuta cakrabandha ke chaha AroM ke pratyeka prathama akSara tathA chaThe akSara ko par3hane para "jayamahIpateH mAdhusadupAsti" vAkya banatA / isase yaha saMketita hotA hai ki rAjA jayakumAra ke dvArA sAdhu kI upAsanA kI gaI hai, jo pUre marga kA varNya viSaya hai / ' 110 uparyukta anuzIlana darzAtA hai ki jayodaya ke kavi ne vastu kI svAbhAvikaramaNIyatA, utkRSTatA evaM viziSTatA, amUrta padArthoM ke atIndriya svarUpa, kArya ke aucityAnaucitya ke stara, manuSya ke cAritrika vaiziSTya, manobhAvoM kI ugratA, manodazAoM kI mArmikatA tathA paristhitiyoM evaM ghaTanAoM kI vikaTatA kA hRdayasparzI anubhava karAne ke lie alaMkArAtmaka abhivyaMjanA zailI kA Azraya liyA hai| isase abhivyakti ko ramaNIya evaM prabhAvotpAdaka banAne meM kavi ne paryApta saphalatA pAyI hai / kahIM-kahIM pUrva kaviyoM se prabhAvita hokara mAtra vaicitrya kI utpatti ke lie, abhivyaMjanAgata abhivyaMjanAtmaka mahatva se vihIna alaMkAroM kA vinyAsa kiyA hai / kintu inakI saMkhyA alpa hai| adhikA~za alaMkAra abhivyaMjanAtmaka zakti se sampanna haiM aura unhoMne bhASA ko kAvyAtmaka rUpa dene meM adbhuta yogadAna kiyA hai / 1. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana, pR0 331 100

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SaSTha adhyAya bimba yojanA bimbAtmakatA bhI kAvya bhASA kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa guNa hai / yaha kAvyazilpa kA Adhunika siddhAnta hai, jisakA janma pazcima meM huA hai / Adhunika bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM yaha pazcima se hI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi bhAratIya kAvya sAhitya bimbAtmakatA se otaprota hai, tathApi abhivyakti ke mAdhyama ke rUpa meM bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM isakA vivecana nahIM huA hai / pAzcAtya kAvyajagat meM vimvavidhAna ko kAvya ke mUlyAMkana kA pramukha AdhAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / ise siddhAnta rUpa meM pratiSThita karane kA zreya TI0I0 hyUma (T. E. Hulme) aiz2arA pAuNDa (Ezra Pound) ricarDa elaDiMgaTana (Richard Eldington) aura vizeSa rUpa se sisala De lyUisa ko hai / ' kAvyabimba kA svarUpa amUrtabhAva kI mUrta abhivyakti kA nAma bimba hai / jaba kisI amUrtabhAva ko mUrta (indriya grAhya) padArtha ke indriya grAhyarUpa, guNa yA kriyA dvArA abhivyakti kiyA jAtA hai taba usa rUpa, guNa yA kriyA kI zabdoM ke dvArA mana meM ubharI chabi bimba kahalAtI hai / zabdajanya hone ke kAraNa use zabdacitra aura mana meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa mAnasacitra kahate haiM / isa prakAra amUrtabhAva kA zabdajanya mUrtarUpa bimba kahalAtA hai / bimba indriyagrAhya viSayoM kA hI bana sakatA hai kyoMki unhIM ke pUrvAnubhUtijanya saMskAra mana meM vidyamAna rahate haiM aura unhIM saMskAroM ke kAraNa bimbanirmANa hotA hai / isalie 1. narendra mohana : Adhunika hindI kAvya meM aprastuta vidhAna, pR0 58 2. DaoN. sudhA saksenA : jAyasI kI bimbayojanA, pRSTha 66-67 3- (A) Poetic image is name a more or less seasuous picture in words to same degree metaphonical with an under note of some human emotion in its context, but also charged with and releasing into the readers of special poetic emotion or possion : Poetic Image : C.D. Lewis. Page-22 (B) What dowe understand, then by image ? In its simplest terms, it is picture made out of words: Glid, Page 18 (C) An Image is a word which aronses ideas of sensory perception. The Poetic Pattern: Robin Skeltion, Page 90

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112 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana bimba kA pramukha lakSaNa hai aindriyatA arthAt indriyagrAhya viSayoM se sambaddha honA / isa AdhAra para bimba pA~ca vargoM meM vibhakta hote haiM : cAkSuSa (cakSugrAhya padArtha kA bimba), zravya (zrotragrAhya padArtha kA bimba, ) svAdya (jihvAgrAhya padArtha kA vimba), ghrANya (nAsikAgrAhya padArtha kA bimba) tathA sparya (sparzagrAhya padArtha kA bimb)| bimba nirmANa kI rIti jaba amUrta padArtha kI abhivyakti mUrta padArtha athavA usake indriyagrAhya rUpa, guNa aura kriyA ke sAdRzya, Aropa yA pratIkAtmaka prayoga dvArA kI jAtI hai taba bimba kI racanA hotI hai / jaba manobhAvoM ko zArIrika lakSaNoM evaM bAhya pravRttiyoM dvArA vyaMjita kiyA jAtA hai taba bhI bimbasRjana hotA hai / mUrta padArthoM ke rUpa, guNa aura kriyAoM ke varNana se bhI bhASA meM bimbAtmakatA AtI hai / sAra gaha ki upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, sasandeha, bhrAntimAn, dRSTAnta, nidarzanA Adi alaMkAroM, pratIkoM, muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM, lAkSaNika prayogoM, vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyaMjita vyabhicArI bhAvoM tathA mUrta padArthoM ke indriya grAhya svarUpa ke varNana se bimba nirmANa hotA hai| bimba kA upasthApana kahIM sampUrNa vAkya (vAkya ke sabhI avayava) bimba kA upasthApana karatA hai, kahIM kevala saMjJA yA koI vizeSaNa yA mAtra koI kriyA hI bimba ko upasthita karane meM samartha hotI hai / inheM vAkya bimba, saMjJA bimba, vizeSaNa bimba aura kriyA bimba kahA jAtA hai / bimba vidhAna kA abhivyaMjanAgata mahatva bimba amUrtabhAvoM ke viziSTa svarUpa ko yathAvat sampreSita karane, unakI pratyakSavat anubhUti evaM AsvAdana karAne tathA sahRdaya ke hRdaya ko vibhinna bhAvoM, vicAroM evaM sukha-duHkhAtmaka anubhUtiyoM meM DubA dene ke amogha sAdhana haiN| isalie Adhunika kAvyamarmajJoM ne bimbavidhAna ko kAvyazilpa kA atyanta mahatvapUrNa tattva mAnA hai| aMgrejI vizvakoza meM kavitA kI paribhASA dete hue DaMTana ne kahA hai - "kavitA mAnava hRdaya kI citramayI aura kalAtmaka abhivyakti hai, jo bhAvanAtmaka evaM layapUrNa bhASA meM prakaTa hotI hai| - 1. Absolute Poetry is the concrete and artistic expression of the human mind in the emotional and rhythmical language : T.W. Duntton, Ency. brit, Vol.18, Page 106

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113 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana bimbavAda ke pitA rAma kA kathana hai ki - "kavitA rojamarrA kI bhASA nahIM hai, balki dRzya athavA mUrta bhASA hai jo vyakti ke sanmukha amUrtavastu kA mUrtarUpa pradarzita karatI hai| kAvya meM bimbavidhAna mAtra alaMkaraNa ke lie nahIM hotA, varan vaha kavitA kA prANa hai|' Alocaka luisa kA mata hai ki bimba hI kavi kA mUla pratipAdya hai| kavi DrAiTana ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki kavitA kI mahAnatA aura jIvantatA usakI bimba prastuta karane kI zakti meM nihita hai| hindI ke kaI AlocakoM aura kaviyoM kA dhyAna isa ora gayA hai / suprasiddha Alocaka AcArya rAmacandra zukla kahate haiM- "kavitA meM kahI bAta citra rUpa meM hamAre sAmane AnI cAhiye / kavitA vastuoM aura vyApAroM kA bimba grahaNa karAne kA yatna karatI hai|' __ bimbAtmaka bhASA ke lie "citrabhASA" kA prayoga karate hue "pallava" kI bhUmikA meM sumitrAnandana panta kahate haiM - "kavitA ke lie citra-bhASA kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, usake zabda sasvara hone cAhie jo bolate hoM / seva kI taraha jisake rasa kI madhura lAlimA bhItara na samA sakane ke kAraNa bAhara jhalaka par3e, jo apane bhAva ko apanI hI dhvani meM A~khoM ke sAmane citrita kara sake, jo jhaMkAra meM citra aura citra meM jhaMkAra ho / dinakara jI bhI kahate haiM - "citra kavitA kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa guNa hai, pratyuta yaha kahanA cAhie ki vaha kavitA kA eka mAtra zAzvata guNa hai, jo usase kabhI nahIM chuutttaa| kavitA aura kucha kare yA na kare kintu citroM kI racanA avazya karatI hai aura jisa kavitA ke bhItara banane vAle citra jitane hI svaccha yAnI vibhinna indriyoM se spaSTa anubhUtiyoM ke yogya hote haiM, vaha kavitA utanI hI saphala aura sundara hotI hai| isa prakAra spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bimba kA kAvya meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / samasta vidvAn AlocakoM ne bimba ko kAvya kA mUla tattva aura kavi pratibhA kA eka mAtra paricAyaka mAnA hai| 1. spekyulezana : TI.I. dhUma, pR. 135 (jAyasI kI vimbayojanA, pR. 34 se uddhRta) 2. jAyasI kI vimbayojanA, pRSTha 35 se uddhRta 3. Imagination is, in itself, the very height and life of poetry. Dryden quoted by Lewis, Poetic Image, Page-18 4. cintAmaNi, bhAga-2 5. rasamImAMsA, pRSTha 310 6. pallava/praveza, pRSTha-26 7. cakravAla/bhUmikA, pRSTha 73

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114 bimba ke kArya bimba vidhAna se indriya grAhya viSayoM kI pUrvAnubhUtijanya saMskAroM kI sahAyatA se mana meM jo pratimA banatI hai, usase sAdRzyAdi sambandha ke dvArA amUrtabhAva kI pratyakSavat anubhUti hotI hai / bimba amUrtabhAvoM kI sUcanA nahIM dete apitu pratIti karAte haiN| vastu sundara hai yA kurUpa hai, aisA na kahakara sundaratA yA kurUpatA ke darzana karAte haiN| yaha pratyakSavat anubhUti sahRdaya ke hRdaya ko prabhAvita karatI hai, usake marma kA sparza karatI hai jisase usameM vibhinna vicAra aura sthAyibhAva ubuddha hokara use bhAvavibhora evaM rasasikta kara dete haiM / abhivyakti vidhA kI dRSTi se bimba tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - sAdRzyAtmaka, lAkSaNika aura vibhAvAdirUpa | jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana upamAdi alaMkAra sAdRzyAtmaka bimba haiN| unase vivakSita amUrtabhAva kA svarUpa spaSTa hotA hai tathA usakA atizaya evaM lokottaratA vyaMjita hotI hai| anya vastu ke lie anya vastu ke dharma kA prayoga jahA~ hotA hai vahA~ lAkSaNika bimba nirmita hotA hai| usase vivakSita amUrtabhAva ke atizaya, lokottaratA, gahanatA aura tIkSNatA kI vyaMjanA hotI hai| vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicArI bhAva ( vyabhicArI bhAvajanya zArIrika dazAyeM) vibhAvAdi rUpa bimba haiM / inase vibhAvAdigata saundaryAdi evaM ratyAdibhAvoM kA prakAzana hotA hai jisake prabhAva se sahRdaya kA sthAyibhAva udbuddha hokara rasAtmakatA ko prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra bimba ke nimnalikhita kArya haiM : bhAvoM kI gahanatA, vikaTatA, tIkSNatA evaM lokottaratA kA sampreSaNa, vicAroM aura sthAyI bhAvoM kA udbodhana tathA rasAnubhUti / bimba ke ina kAryoM para DaoN0 sudhA saksenA ne nimnalikhita zabdoM meM prakAza DAlA hai - bhAvoM kI sAkSAtkArAtmikA pratIti "Alocaka blisa perI kavitA ko bimba aura bimba ko saMvedanA kahatA hai| usake anusAra kavitA kA kArya vastu kA jJAna karAnA nahIM varan usakA aindriya anubhava karAnA hai| isa kAraNa kAvya meM indriyagamya citroM kI vizeSa upayogitA hai / udAharaNArtha sUra kA yaha padya atimalina vRSabhAnukumArI - adhomukha rahata uradha nahIM dekhata citavati jyoM gadhahAre thakita juArI / - chUTe ciura badana kumhalAne jyoM nalinI himakara kI mArI //

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 115 yahA~ "jyoM gatha hAre thakita juArI" yaha bimba dharmasAmya para AdhArita hai aura "jyoM nalinI himakara kI mArI" yaha rUpasAmya / para prathama meM thakita manaHsthiti kA citraNa : hai, dvitIya meM malina rUpa kA / donoM hI citra sUra kI rAdhA ko dRzya banA dete haiN|' "sukha, duHkha, krodha, hAsya saba amUrtabhAva haiM jo kAvya meM bimba dvArA rUpAyita hote haiM / amUrta Ananda aura rudana ko rUpAyita karane kA jAyasI kA eka prayatna dRSTavya kahA haMsasi tUM mosauM kiye aura sauM nehu / tohi mukha camakai bIjurI mohi mukha barisai mehu // - tU anya strI se prIti karake mujhase haMsI kyoM karatA hai ? tere mukha para to bijalI camakatI hai aura mere mukha para meha barasa rahA hai / yahA~ prasannatA kI. vyaMjanA karane meM bijalI camakane kA bimba bar3A samartha bana par3A hai tathA kSobha, amarSa evaM duHkha se rudana karane kI vyaMjanA ke liye megha barasane kA bimba bar3A sArthaka hai / donoM hI bimba amUrta bhAvoM ko mUrtatA pradAna karane vAle haiN| ___ kAvya meM bhAva kI amUrtatA ko zabdoM ke dvArA mUrtita kiyA jAtA hai / zabdoM ke dvArA mUrtita kiye gaye bhAva hI bimba haiM / isI rUpa meM bhAva saMvedanIya (anubhUtigamya) bana kara rasasRSTi karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai / bimba bhAva kI amUrtatA ko dRzya varNanoM dvArA mUrta banAkara prastuta karatA hai / bhAva kI pratIti usakA nAma lekara nahIM karAyI jA sakatI, jaise kisI phala ke svarUpa aura svAda kA anubhava usake nAma kA kathana kara nahIM karAyA jA sakatA / vastutaH bhAva ko kAvya meM yadi kisI mAdhyama se prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai to vaha vyaMjanA hI hai aura vyaMjanA bimba ke rUpa meM hI ho sakatI hai / udAharaNa ke lie ratibhAva ko lIjiye / bhAvarUpa meM vaha hRdaya kI eka viziSTa anubhUti athavA viziSTa avasthA hai jo kAvya meM kevala zabdoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta nahIM kI jA sakatI / kavi usako vibhAva, anubhAva Adi ke varNana dvArA vyaMjita karate haiM / ratibhAva kI vyaMjanA bihArI ne isa prakAra kI hai - kahata naTata rIjhata khinnata, milata khilata lajiyAta / bhare bhauna meM karata haiM, nainana hI sauM bAta // 1. jAyasI kI vimba yojanA, pRSTha 55-56 2. jAyasI kI vimva yojanA, pRSTha 66 / /

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116 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana "yahA~ kahIM bhI "ratibhAva hai" aisA ullekha nahIM hai / hameM anubhAvoM arthAt unake kriyAkalApoM ke varNana dvArA ratibhAva kI pratIti hotI hai / kahanA, khIjanA, lajAnA, milanA Adi vyApAra haiM, jo unakI pArasparika rati ko prakaTa karate haiM / ye sabhI zabda apane Apa meM eka citra haiM, jinase bhAva dRzya banakara hamAre sammukha AtA hai aura hama ratibhAva kI anubhUti kara sakate haiM / anubhavagamyatA kI kSamatA ke kAraNa ye zabdacitra bimba kI zreNI meM Ate haiM / spaSTa hai ki bimba kA avalambana lekara hI bhAva apanI samucita abhivyakti prApta karatA hai|" "bhAva kahIM bhI kathyarUpa meM prakaTa nahIM hotA / svazabdavAcyatva doSa to kAvyazAstra meM eka bar3A doSa mAnA gayA hai / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne 'cintAmaNi' meM bhAvoM kA vivecana karate hue spaSTa likhA hai ki jaba taka kavi bhAvoM ko anubhAvoM ke rUpa meM varNita nahIM karatA, usakI anubhUti ho hI nahIM sakatI / "krodha hai" kahane se krodha bhAva kI anubhUti ho yaha kabhI sambhava nahIM hai, usake lie anubhAvoM arthAt bimdoM kA mAdhyama hI ucita hai|2 lokajIvana meM bhI bhAva kI anubhUti dRzyamAna avasthA ke binA nahIM hotI / karuNa bhAva kI utpatti karuNa dRzya ke binA nahIM ho sakatI, usake lie kisI dIna-hIna prANI aura usakI vivazatAoM kA sAkSAtkAra honA Avazyaka hai / isI prakAra harSa kI utpatti Ananda kI anubhavagamya avasthA ke binA nahIM ho sktii| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne yakSapriyA ke rUpa kA jo citra nimna zloka meM khIMcA hai usase yakSapriyA kA lokottara saundarya A~khoM ke sAmane prakaTa ho jAtA hai - tanvI zyAmA zikharidazanA pakvavimbAparoThI, madhye kSAmA cakitahariNIprekSaNA nimnnaabhiH| zroNIbhArAdalasagamanA stokanamA stanAbhyAM, 'yA tatra spAyuvativiSaye sati rAva dhaatH||' gUr3ha aura sUkSma dArzanika satya bhI bimboM ke dvArA hI preSaNIya banate haiM / isI kAraNa dArzanikoM kI bhASA sadA rUpakAtmaka hotI hai / jAyasI ne jIvana aura jagat ke zAzvata satyoM ko lokajIvana ke atyanta paricita bimboM ke dvArA saralatayA anubhUtigamya, banAyA hai / udAharaNArtha - 1. jAyasI kI vimba yojanA : DaoN. sudhA saksenA, pRSTha 134 2. jAyasI kI bimba yojanA : DaoN. sudhA saksenA, pRSTha 134 3. uttaramegha, 19

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117 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana "muhammada jIvana jala bharana raha~Ta ghaTI kI rIti / ghaTI so AI jyoM bharI, DharI banama gA bIti // ' yahA~ jIvana kI amUrta nissAratA evaM kSaNikatA raha~Ta kI kSaNa-kSaNa bharane aura khAlI hone vAlI ghaTiyA ke rUpa meM mUrtita ho gaI hai / usakA kSaNa-kSaNa bharanA aura khAlI honA jIvana kA prAraMbha honA aura samApta honA hai / jIvana astitva utanA hI asthAyI va kSaNika hai, jitanA raha~Ta kI ghaTiyA meM bharA pAnI / isa prakAra raha~Ta kI ghaTiyA kA citra jIvana ke kSaNika astitva aura asatyatA ko prekSaNIya banA detA hai / kabIra ne yahI bhAva pAnI ke bulabule aura prabhAta ke tAre ke bimboM se abhivyakta kiyA hai - pAnI kerA budabudA asa mAnusa kI jAta / dekhata hI chapi jAyagA jasa tArA paramAta // ' bhAvAtizaya kA samoSaNa bimba kevala kavi ke amUrta bhAvoM athavA vicAroM ko hI mUrta nahIM karatA, varan yaha kavi ke caramasImA taka pahu~ce hue bhAvoM ko bhI mUrtita karatA hai / yaha kavi ke tIvratama harSa, viSAda, prema, ghRNA, IrSyA Adi kI abhivyakti hai / yaha bhAvoM kI tIvratA ko pUrNa mukhara banAtA hai / "nirAlA" kI "maiM tor3atI patthara" kavitA ke bimboM ke dvArA kavi kA ubalatA huA vidroha chalaka par3A hai / isI prakAra sukha-duHkha kI mArmika vedanA ko spaSTa karane ke lie kavi bimboM kA Azraya letA hai| kAlidAsa kA yaha eka padya dekhiye - anApAtaM puSpaM kisalayamalUna kararUI . ranAviddhaM ratnaM madhunabamanAsvAditarasam / akhaNaM puNyAnAM phalamiva ca tadrUpamanapaM, na jAne bhoktAraM kamiha samupasyAspati vividha yahA~ zakuntalA ke aspRSTa saundarya ko kavi ne "anAghrAtaM puSpaM" Adi jina bimboM ke dvArA mUrtita kiyA hai ve atyanta manohara, madhura aura mohaka haiN| unase zakuntalA ke saundarya kI manoharatA, madhuratA aura mohakatA sAkSAt ho jAtI hai / pAThaka ko isa apUrva saundarya 1. jAyasI kI vimba yojanA : DaoN. sudhA saksenA, pRSTha 139 2. jAyasI kI vimba yojanA, pRSTha 67-68

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118 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana kA AsvAdana sA ho jAtA hai, jisase vaha alaukika Ananda meM DUba jAtA hai / isIprakAra yavekSuratyantarasaprapIDito bhuvi praviddho dahanAya zuSyate / tathA jarAyantranipIDitA tanurnipItasArA maraNAya tiSThati // ' yahA~ yantra ke dvArA rasa nicor3a kara jalA dene yogya banAye gaye ganne ke bimba ke jarA dvArA jIvana zakti ko nicor3a kara zarIra ko maraNa yogya banA diye jAne kA amUrta dArzanika satya mUrta banakara hRdaya ko chU letA hai aura sahRdaya ke jIvana meM asthiratA aura zarIra kI nazvaratA viSayaka vicAroM kI hiloreM uThane lagatI haiM, nirveda jAgRta hotA hai aura zAntarasa kI anubhUti hotI hai / isa prakAra bimboM meM bhAvodbodhana kI zakti hotI hai| rasAbhivyaMjaka dRzyakAvya indriyagocara hone ke kAraNa rasAnubhUti meM sahAyaka hotA hai / isI kAraNa rasa ko zravya kAvya kA bhI pramukha tattva mAnA gayA hai / dRzyakAvya meM hama vastu ko apanI sthUla indriyoM se pratyakSa anubhUta karate haiM arthAt A~kha, kAna, nAka Adi se dekhate, sunate aura sUMghate haiM; parantu zravyakAvya meM yaha pratyakSIkaraNa sthUla indriyoM se na hokara sUkSma indriyoM se hotA hai, jinakI sthiti pAThaka yA zrotA ke mana meM rahatI hai| "kAvya kI bhASA, zakti kI bhASA (Language of Force) kahalAtI hai| yaha zakti, bhASA meM bimba se hI AtI hai / bhAvoM kI mArmikatA ke sampreSaNa ke lie Avazyaka hai ki ve bimba dvArA kama se kama zabdoM meM vyakta kiye jAyeM, kyoMki saMkSiptatA bhAva ko tIvratara rUpa meM prastuta karatI hai| udAharaNArtha uata sUra jasa dekhiu cA~da chapai tehi dhUpa / jaise sabai jAhi chapi padumAvati ke rUpa // yahA~ kavi padmAvatI ke rUpa kI zreSThatA ko vyaMjita karanA cAhatA hai / padmAvatI ke lie jAyasI ke hRdaya meM eka apUrvatA (lokottaratA) kA bhAva hai / vaha apUrva sundarI hai aura usake samakSa saMsAra ke anya saundarya usI prakAra phIke par3a jAte haiM jisa prakAra udita hote hue sUrya ke samakSa cA~da kA saundarya / isa bhAva ko kavi "apUrva sundarI hai" kahakara 1. azvaghoSa : saundarananda, 9/31 / / 2. jAyasI kI bimba yojanA : DaoN. sudhA saksenA, pR. 45

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yodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana prakaTa nahIM kara sakatA thA, kyoMki aisA karane para vaha kAvya nahIM, varan akAvya ho jaataa| isa kAraNa usake saundarya kI vyaMjanA ke lie kavi kalpanA ke dvArA sundara se sundara rUpoM ko sammukha rakhatA hai aura usake saundaryAtizaya ko preSaNIya banAtA hai / yahA~ udita hote hue saundarya ke samakSa cA~da ke chipa jAne ke bimba dvArA pAThaka padmAvatI ke apUrva saundarya kI pratIti kara sakatA hai aura anya rAniyoM ke phIke saundarya kI pratIti kara sakatA hai / isa prakAra bimba bhAvoM kI gahanatA ke preSaka haiM / ' "virodhAtmaka vastuoM meM bhAva tIvratara ho jAtA hai / viraha se asundara aura malina padmAvatI ke lie kA~ca ke pota kI upamA dI gaI hai, jo usake pUrva jyotitarUpa ke samakSa ati kSudra, ati nikRSTa svarUpa ko upasthita karatI hai aura isaprakAra kSudratA va asundaratA ko tIvra banAkara prastuta karatI hai - 2 " saMga le gayaU ratana saba jotI, kaMcana kyA kA~ca meM potI / " isIprakAra - "uThe lahara parvata kI nAI, hoI phirai jojana lakha tAI / dharatI laita saraga lehi vAr3hA, sakala samunda jAnahu bhA ThAr3A // " yahA~ parvata ke samAna lahareM kahane se saMbhavataH kavi ko santoSa nahIM huA, isI kAraNa vaha samudra ke khar3e ho jAne kA rUpa prastuta karatA hai / isa prakAra bhayaMkaratA kI jo carama sImA kavi denA cAhatA hai, vaha anubhava meM A jAtI hai|" kAlidAsa ke nimna meM prayukta bimba bhI yakSapriyA kI viyogAvasthA kA ugrarUpa pratyakSa karate haiM - nUnaM tasyAH prabalaruditocchUnanetraM priyAyA niHzvAsAnAmaziziratayA bhinnavarNA dharoSTham / hastanyastaM mukhamasakalabyakti lambAlakatvA dindordainyaM tvadanusaraNakliSTakAntervibhartti // * 119 bhAvaparamparA ke vyaMjaka bimba kabhI kabhI eka sAtha aneka bhAvoM kI vyaMjanA karate haiM, aneka bhAvarazmiyA~ 1. jAyasI kI bimbayojanA, pR. 137-138 2. vahI, pRSTha 270 - 271 3. jAyasI kI bimba yojanA, pRSTha 272 4. uttaramegha - 21

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120 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana unameM se vikIrNa hotI dikhAI detI haiM jo kAvya ke saundarya ko kaI gunA adhika kara detI haiM / "jovana bhara bhAdoM jasa gaMgA lahare dei samAi na aNgaa|" jAyasI kI isa ukti meM sAdhAraNa sA upamAna aneka bhAvoM kA vyaMjaka hai / unmattatA, taralatA, kAnti, unnatatA Adi kitanI hI bAtoM kI vyaMjanA kI bAr3ha AI gaMgA se hI ho jAtI hai / bAr3ha Ane para nadI apanI sImA kA ullaMghana kara detI hai, yauvana bhI sImAoM ke prati vidrohI hai aura usake sImollaMghana kA bhI samAja para utanA hI burA prabhAva par3atA hai jitanA bAr3hagrasta pradezoM para. gaMgA kA / isa prakAra kitanI hI dRSTiyoM se yaha upamAna vyaMjaka hai|' bhAvodavopaka bimba amUrta bhAvoM kA hRdayasparzI rUpoM ke dvArA sAkSAtkAra karAke sahRdaya ke hRdaya ko dravita kara dete haiM, usake sthAyibhAvoM ko jagAkara bhAvavibhora evaM rasasikta kara dete haiN| zravyakAvya ke antargata rasAtmakatA kI anubhUti karAne meM bimba sahAyaka hotA hai| yadyapi rasAnubhUti meM bimba zabda kA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai, parantu citravattA, pratyakSIkaraNa Adi kI AvazyakatA kA sAhityAcAryoM ne anubhava avazya kiyA hai / abhinava gupta ne rasAnubhUti ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki yadi "sahRdaya kAvya kA abhyAsa kiye hue hai, usake kucha prAktana saMskAra haiM to parimita bhAvAdi ke unmIlana dvArA kAvya ke viSaya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / aisI sthiti meM sahRdaya pUrNapara sambandha ko samajhakara amuka sthAna para amuka ke sambandha meM amuka bAta kahI gaI hai. yA amuka isakA vaktA hai athavA amuka dRzya upasthita kiyA gayA hai, Adi prasaMgoM kI kalpanA karake rasAsvAdana kara sakatA hai|" gambhIratApUrvaka dekhA jAye to abhinavagupta kA sArA vaktavya kAvya kA mAnasa sAkSAtkAra karane se hI sambandha rakhatA hai / amUrta kA yaha mAnasa sAkSAtkAra bimba kA hI vyApAra hai| vimvarUpa meM Aye bhAvoM ko hI hama kalpanA se anubhUta evaM pratyakSa kara sakate haiM / kavi ke citravat athavA bimbAtmaka varNana meM hI sahRdaya zrotA yA pAThaka rasAnubhUti kara sakatA hai / spaSTa hai ki rasa kI abhivyakti kA prathama va sahaja sAdhana bimba hai / bimbahIna varNana pratyakSavattA aura anubhavagamyatA kI kSamatA ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI nIrasa kahe jAte haiN|' __ "rasa kI abhivyakti kA prathama sAdhana bimba hai / isakA eka bar3A puSTa kAraNa aura bhI hai, vaha hai rasa kI arUparatA aura agocaratA / kAvya meM bhAva yA rasa kI sattA Avazyaka 1. jAyasI kI bimba yojanA - pRSTha 276

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 121 hai, parantu rasa ko zabdoM meM kahanA doSa hai / svazabdavAcyatva doSa yahI hai / aba yadi rasa yA bhAva ko spaSTarUpa se vAcaka zabdoM se kahanA doSa hai, taba bhAva kI abhivyakti kA sAdhana kyA raha jAtA hai ? spaSTa hI taba bhAva kI abhivyakti kA ekamAtra sAdhana bimba athavA citra hI raha jAtA hai / rUpa bimba meM varNita hone para hI varNana rasAtmaka ho sakatA hai, anyathA nahIM / isa para AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne "cintAmaNi" meM bar3e vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai: 'krodha A rahA hai' kahane mAtra se krodha kI abhivyakti nahIM ho sktii| usake lie bar3abar3AnA, dA~ta pIsanA, A~kheM lAla honA - Adi anubhAvoM ko lAnA hogA, jo bimba ke hI rUpa haiN| inake dvArA zabda (vAcaka) ke abhAva meM bhI krodha bhAva ko hRdayastha kiyA jA sakatA hai / arthAt krodhabhAva jaba zabdarUpa meM na Akara zabda citroM ke rUpa meM Aye, tabhI vaha anubhavagamya ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra bhI bhAva evaM rasa ke lie abhivyakti kA sAdhana bimba hI pratIta hotA hai|" - "rasAnubhUti meM bimba kI isa anivAryatA ko sabhI jAgarUka AlocakoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai / spaSTa svIkArokti to nahIM hai, para unakA anubhava aisA thA yaha prakaTa ho jAtA hai / saMskRta ke kaviyoM ne citroM athavA bimboM ke prayoga bahulatA se kiye haiM aura kAlidAsa, bAlmIki, bANa Adi ne sundara aura zreSTha citra prastuta kiye| parantu prayoga meM Ane para bhI AlocakoM ke kSetra meM bimba athavA citramaya varNana kI vivecanA kA abhAva hI rahA / kucha hI vyaktiyoM ne ise ullikhita kiyA / abhinava gupta ke AcArya bhaTTatauta ne zravya kAvya meM pratyakSavattA ke guNa ko bar3A Avazyaka mAnA hai aura bar3e spaSTa zabdoM meM use upasthita kiyA hai / unhoMne kahA hai ki kuzala kavi apane varNana ke mAdhyama se sahRdaya ke sammukha mAnoM citra hI upasthita karatA hai / ataeva nATya kI sI citramayatA na hone para kAvya meM rasodbodha kabhI saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA - 'prayogatvamanApanne kAvyenAsvAdasambhavaH' / isaprakAra unhoMne rasa ke sandarbha meM citroM evaM bimboM kI mahattA svIkAra kI hai|" 2 Adhunika AlocakoM ne bhI citra dharma ko bhASA kA pramukha dharma svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya zukla kI mAnyatAyeM isa viSaya meM bar3I spaSTa haiM / unhoMne kahA hai : kAvya meM arthagrahaNa mAtra se kAma nahIM calatA, bimbagrahaNa apekSita hotA hai / yaha bimbagrahaNa nirdiSTa, gocara, aura mUrta viSaya kA hI ho sakatA hai (rasa mImAMsA, pRSTha - 167) / zuklajI bimbAtmaka varNana ke bar3e samarthaka haiN| 1. jAyasI kI bimba yojanA : pR0 149 2. vahI. pATha 149

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122 . jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana yahI nahIM, citrAtmaka varNana ke rUpa meM vaha kavi karma kI itizrI mAna lete haiM / yadi kavi ne aisI vastuoM yA vyApAroM ko apane zabda citra dvArA sAmane rakha diyA jinase zrotA yA pAThaka ke bhAva jAgRta hote haiM to vaha eka prakAra se apanA kAma kara cukA, yaha zuklajI kI mAnyatA hai / (vahI, pR0 155) eka anya sthAna para unhoMne phira kahA hai ki "jo vastu manuSyoM kA Alambana yA viSaya hotI hai usakA zabda citra kisI kavi ne khIMca diyA to vaha eka prakAra se apanA kAma kara cukA (vahI, pR0 121) / isase spaSTa hai ki rasAnubhUti karAne meM bimba kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / vibhAvAdi kI vimbAtmakatA "jahA~ kavi kevala Alambana kA varNana karatA hai, vahA~ bimba avazya vidyamAna rahatA hai / koI rUpaka, koI upamAna, koI vizeSaNa vahA~ aisA avazya rahatA hai jo vastu ko citravat pratyakSa kara detA hai| jaise "tanvI zyAmA zikharidazanA" ityAdi zloka meM vizeSaNoM ke mAdhyama se yakSapriyA (Alambana vibhAva) kA rUpa citravat pratyakSa ho jAtA hai|" prakRti kA Alambana ke rUpa meM varNana bhI sadaiva bimbAtmaka hotA hai / vahA~ prastuta aura aprastuta donoM rUpoM meM bimba raha sakatA hai / "3 uddIpana vibhAva ke antargata mukhyataH deza kAla va Alambana kI ceSTAyeM AtI haiM / uddIpana varNana adhikAMzataH bimbAtmaka hotA hai| usake antargata rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi ke aneka sundara uddIpana citra upasthita rahate haiM jo bhAvoM kA utkarSa karane vAle to hote hI haiM, citradharma se bhI yukta rahate haiM / "anubhAva sthAyi bhAvoM ke zarIra aura ceSTAoM meM vyakta hone vAle bAhyarUpa haiM isalie ve sadaiva bimbAtmaka hote haiM / vyabhicArI bhAva jaba zArIrika dazAoM dvArA vyakta hote haiM taba ve bhI mUrta ho jAte haiM / "6 zukla jI ne bimba ko rasasAmagrI meM anubhava kiyA thA isIliye unhoMne spaSTa likhA hai - "vibhAva aura anubhAva donoM meM rUpaMvidhAna hotA hai jisakA kalpanA dvArA spaSTagrahaNa 1. jAyasI kI bimba yojanA : pRSTha 149 2. vahI, pRSTha 153 3. vahI, pRSTha 153 4. vahI, pRSTha 155 5. vahI, pRSTha 155 6. vahI, pR0 157

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana usI prakAra vAMchita hotA hai jisa prakAra netra dvArA citra kA / " (rasa mImAMsA - pR 326)' niSkarSa yaha ki jaise yathArtha jIvana meM kisI premI ko apanI premikA kI anurAgamaya mukha-mudrAoM, hAva-bhAvoM ko dekhakara ratibhAvoM ke udbodha se Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai vaise hI kAvya meM bhI sAdhAraNIbhUta premI-premikA kI anurAgapUrNa mukha mudrAoM, hAva-bhAvoM kA varNana par3hakara sahRdaya ko ratibhAva ke udbodha se AnandAnubhUti hotI hai, jise zRMgArarasa kahate haiM / yaha AnandAnubhUti premI-premikA ke ratyAtmaka hAva-bhAvoM aura una ceSTAoM kA varNana par3hane se hI hotI hai na ki ratibhAva ke bodha se, kyoMki yadi kavi unake ratyAtmaka hAva-bhAvoM kA varNana na kara sIdhe yaha kahe ki "usa premI yugala meM anurAga hai" to AnandAnubhUti nahIM hogii| isase siddha hai ki ratyAtmaka kriyA-kalApoM kA citraNa arthAt bimbavidhAna hI zRMgArarasa kI anubhUti kA hetu hai / niSkarSa yaha ki bimba rasa kI abhivyakti kA prathama va sahaja sAdhana hai| alaMkArAzrita bimba upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, bhrAntimAn, dRSTAnta, nidarzanA Adi alaMkAroM se sundara bimboM kI racanA hotI hai / sAMgarUpaka bimba kI dRSTi se atyanta upayukta hai / samasta aMgoM kA rUpaNa hone ke kAraNa samagratA kA samAveza isameM sahaja hI ho jAtA hai, jo. bimba ke lie Avazyaka hai / utprekSA meM prAyaH sundara bimba yojanA hotI hai / sabhI kaviyoM ne utprekSA ke rUpa meM sundara bimboM kA sarjana kiyA hai| nimna zloka meM andhakAra kI pragAr3hatA vyaMjita karane vAle do zreSTha bimboM kA vidhAna huA hai : limpatIva tamoGgAni varSatIvAjanaM nmH| asatpuruSaseveva dRSTiviphalatAM gatA // muhAvarAti bimba muhAvare bhI bimbAtmaka hote haiM / udAharaNArtha - va sUryaprabhavo vaMzaH kva cAlpaviSayA mtiH| titIvuddhastaraM mohAduDupenAsmi sAgaram // 1. jAyasI kI vimba yojanA, pR0 157 2. vahI, pR0 126-129 3. mRcchakaTika 1/34 4. raghuvaMza 1/

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124 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana isameM alpamati se sUryavaMza kA varNana karane kI duSkaratA "DoMgI se samudra pAra karane" ke muhAvare se nirmita vimba dvArA atyanta saralatayA prakAzita huI hai / isI prakAra - rAjasevA manuSyANAmasidhArAbalehanam / paJcAnanapariSvaJco vyAlIvadanacumbanam // yahA~ talavAra kI dhAra cATanA, siMha kA AliMgana karanA tathA sA~pa kA mu~ha cUmanA; ye tIna bimba jo muhAvaroM ke rUpa meM haiM, rAjasevA kI saMkaTAspadatA ko atyanta saphalatA pUrvaka vyaMjita karate haiN| lokoktijanya bimba "atinimarthanAd vahizcandanAdapi jAyate' isa lokokti meM candana ke atyanta ghise jAne aura usase agni utpanna hone ke citra dvArA yaha siddhAnta vyaMjita hotA hai ki yadi kSamAvAn atyanta tejasvI vyakti ke sAtha atyanta kaThoratA kA vyavahAra kiyA jAye to vaha bhI ugra ho uThatA hai| "yuti se hIM na zvA dhRtakanaMkamAlo'pi labhate" isa lokokti dvArA svarNa kI mAlA dhAraNa kiye hue kutte meM siMha kI dhuti ke abhAva kA jo citra khiMcatA hai, usase yaha siddhAnta saralatayA hRdayaMgama hotA hai ki guNahIna vyakti dhana ke dvArA guNoM se utpanna hone vAlI svAbhAvika zobhA ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA / pratIkAzrita bimba "tamaso mA jyotirgamaya" yahA~ andhakAra aura prakAza ke pratIkAtmaka bimboM dvArA ajJAna aura jJAna kI, usake sampUrNa kupariNAmoM aura supariNAmoM sahita mArmika vyaMjanA hotI kAkaH kRSNaH pikaH kRSNaH ko bhedo pika kAkayoH / prApte tu basantasamaye kAkaH kAkaH pikaH pikaH // yahA~ kauA guNahIna vyakti kA pratIka hai, koyala guNavAn vyakti kA aura basantasamaya guNI vyakti ke liye apanI yogyatA prakaTa karane ke ucita avasara kA / ina kauA, koyala aura basanta samaya ke pratIkoM dvArA jo bimba nirmita hotA hai usase yaha satya prakAzita hotA hai ki Upara se guNahIna aura guNavAn vyaktiyoM meM bheda pratIta nahIM hotA, kintu guNoM

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125 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ke prakAzana kA jaba avasara AtA hai taba unake guNAtmaka bheda kA patA cala jAtA hai / lAkSaNika prayogAzrita bimba "hastApaceyaM yazaH" (hAtha se baTorane yogya yaza) yahA~ amUrta yaza ke sAtha mUrta padArtha ke dharma "apaceyam' kA prayoga lAkSaNika prayoga hai / isa kriyA me jo bimba nirmita hotA hai usase yaza kI pracuratA kA anubhava zIghratA se hotA hai / "niSkAraNaM nikArakaNikApi manasvinAM mAnasamAyAsati" [binA kisI kAraNa apamAna kA kaNa bhI svAbhimAniyoM ke hRdaya ko pIr3ita karatA hai / ] yahA~ amUrta upamAna ke sAtha mUrta padArtha ke alpatA ke vAcaka "kaNa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai jo lAkSaNika hai / isase nirmita alpatA ke bimba dvArA apamAna ke atyalpa aMza kI suspaSTatayA pratIti ho jAtI hai / __"kimiva hi madhurANAM maNDanaM nAkRtInAm" isa ukti meM jihvA indriya ke viSayabhUta mAdhurya ke vAcaka madhura zabda kA prayoga lAkSaNika hai kyoMki vaha kisI khAdya padArtha kA vizeSaNa na hokara AkRtiyoM kA vizeSaNa hai | isa jihvA indriya kI anubhUti ke viSayabhUta madhura zabda se mAdhurya kA jo bimba mana meM nirmita hotA hai, usase AkRtiyoM kI mAdhuryavat priyatA yA AhlAdakatA bar3I sahajatA se anubhUtigamya ho jAtI hai / "kAlavipuSa" (samaya kI bUMda) yahA~ "vipuS" lAkSaNika zabda hai aura mUrta padArtha jala kI alpatA kA vAcaka hai / isase nirmita alpatA ke bimba dvArA samaya ke atyalpa aMza kI saralatayA pratIti hotI hai / "gaaNaM ca mattamehaM' (gagana meM mattamegha haiM) yahA~ manuSya ke vizeSaNa bhUta "matta" zabda se nirmita meghoM ke aniyantrita rUpa se niSprayoz2ana idhara-udhara bhaTakane kI pratIti karAtA bimba ke AzrayabhUta bhASika avayava bimba kA nirmANa kahIM pUre vAkya se hI hotA hai, kahIM kevala saMjJA-vizeSaNa, kriyA yA kriyA-vizeSaNa mAtra se ho jAtA hai / sAMgarUpaka, utprekSA, nidarzanA, dRSTAnta, prativastUpamA, 1. dhvanyAloka, 2/1, pRSTha 181

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126 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana muhAvare, lokokti Adi meM pUre vAkya se bimba kI racanA hotI hai / yathA - kva sUryaprabhavo vaMzaH kva cAlpaviSayA matiH / titIpurdustaraM mohAduDupenAsmi sAgaram // prastuta nidarzanA meM "DoMgI se sAgara pAra karanA cAhatA hU~" isa pUre vAkya se arthAt DoMgI aura sAgara saMjJAoM tathA "pAra karanA' kriyA ke samanvaya se bimba kI racanA hotI hai / isI prakAra - limpatIva tamoGgAni varSatIvAjanaM namaH / asatpuruSaseveva dRSTiviphalatAM gatA // ' isa utprekSA meM "aGgAni limpati iva" tathA "aJjanaM varSati iva" ina do vAkyoM se do bimboM kA sRjana huA hai| saMjJAzrita bimba saMjJA se bimba vahIM nirmita hotA hai jahA~ vaha pratIka rUpa meM prayukta hotI hai / jaise "tamaso mA jyotirgamaya' yahAM tamas (andhakAra) aura "jyoti" (prakAza) saMjJAeM cAkSuSa cetanA ko prabhAvita karane vAle bimba nirmita kara ajJAna aura jJAna kI saphalatApUrvaka pratIti karAtI haiM / isI prakAra - yA nizA sarvabhUtAnAM tasyAM jAgarti saMyamI / yasyAM jAgrati bhUtAni sa nizA pazyato muneH|| gItA ke isa zloka meM "nizA" pratIkAtmaka saMjJA hai jo cAkSuSa anubhUti ko udbuddha karane vAlA bimba nirmita karatI hai, jisase "ajJAna" amUrtatatva kA mAnasa pratyakSa hotA hai| ko nu hAso kimAnando nicaM pajalite sati / / - andhakAreNa onaddhA dIpaM kiM na gave saba // prastuta gAthA meM "andhakAreNa onaddhA" yaha saMjJA tathA kriyA kA samUha eka bimba nirmita karatA hai tathA pratIka rUpa meM prayukta "dIpa" (jJAna) saMjJA se dUsarA bimba AkAra grahaNa karatA hai| - 1. mRcchakaTika, 1/34 2. zrImadbhagavadgItA 3. dhammapada

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127 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana vizeSaNAdhita bimba nimnalikhita udAharaNoM meM vizeSaNoM se bimboM kI sRSTi huI hai suvarNapuSpAM pRthvI cinvanti puruSAstrayaH / zUrazca kRtiviyazca yazca jAnAti sevitum // ' yahA~ "suvarNapuSpA" yaha vizeSaNa lakSaNA dvArA pRthvI kI sulabhasamRddhisambhArabhAjanatA kA bimba nirmita karatA hai / isI prakAra -- snigyazyAmalakAntiliptaviyato velladabalAkAdhanA prastuta zloka meM "snigdha aura zyAmala' vizeSaNa meghoM kI cikanI aura kAlI kAnti ke sparza cetanA evaM cAkSuSa cetanA ko jagAne vAle bimba nirmita karate haiM jinase meghoM kA cikanA kAlA svarUpa mana meM pratyakSa sA upasthita ho jAtA hai / kriyAzrita bimba bimba racanA meM kriyA kA bar3A mahatva hai / kriyA kA lAkSaNika prayoga karane para bimba nirmita hotA hai / jaise - uTha lahari parvata kI nAIM, hoI phirai jojana lakha tAI / dharatI leta saraga tehi bAr3hA, sakala samunda jAna huA ThAr3hA // yahA~ "ThAr3hA' kriyA se nirmita bimba samudra ke bhISaNa jvAra kA sAkSAtkAra karA detA hai| "tarantIvAGgAni skhldmllaavnnyjldhii|"" prastuta padyAMza meM "taranti" kriyA se jala meM tairane vAle vyakti kA jo citra nirmita hotA hai usase prastuta taruNI ke aMgoM kI tAruNyajanita caMcalatA mana meM sAkAra ho uThatI "vatenduvadanA tano taruNimodgamo modate / "5 ahA, isa candravadanA ke tana meM tAruNya kA AvirbhAva kilola kara rahA hai / 1. dhvanyAloka 1/19 para uddhRta 2. vahI, 2/1 para uddhRta 3. jAyasI kI bimbayojanA - pRSTha 80 4. vakroktijIvita 2/24, pRSTha 250 para uddhRta 5. kAvyaprakAza 2/13 pR068 para uddhRta

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128 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana yahA~ "modate" kriyA se prasanna hone para mukha ke muzobhita ho uThane kA jo bimba nirmita hotA hai usame tAruNya ke AvirbhUta hone para taruNI ke tana meM AI ramaNIyatA kA mAnasa pratyakSa hai nAtA hai| isI prakAra - "upadizati kAminInAM yauvanamada eva lalitAni"" meM "upadizati'' kriyA se guru dvArA zikSA diye jAne kA citra nirmita hotA hai usase yauvana kA asara Ane para kAminiyoM meM apane Apa vilAsoM ke AvirbhUta ho jAne kA svAbhAvika niyama hRdayaMgata hotA hai / kriyAvizeSaNAzrita bimba ___ "mandaM mandaM nudati pavanazcAnukUlo yathA tvAM / "2 prastuta padyAMza meM "mandaM mandaM" kriyAvizeSaNa "nudati" kriyA ke svarUpa kA citra upasthita kara detA hai| saMvedanAparaka bimba bimboM kI tIna pramukha vizeSatAyeM haiM : aindriyatA (indriya grAhya viSaya para Azrita honA), citrAtmakatA aura vyaMjakatA / yahA~ aindriyatva yA saMvedanAtmakatA ke AdhAra para bimboM ke udAharaNa prastuta kiyA jA rahe haiM / jaisA ki pUrva meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai saMvedanA ke AdhAra para bimba kI pA~ca koTiyA~ haiM : dRSTiparaka, sparzaparaka, ghrANaparaka, zravaNaparaka evaM svAdaparaka / "snigyazyAmalakAntiliptavayato velldblaakaaghnaaH|" isa pUrvoddhRta udAharaNa meM "snigdha" aura "zyAmala'' vizeSaNoM se kramazaH sparzaparaka evaM dRSTiparaka bimba nirmita hote haiM / "apa gItAvasAne mUkIbhUtavINA prazAntamadhukararUteva kumudinI" (gIta samApta hone para vINA mUka ho gaI jaise kumudinI para bhoroM kA guMjana zAnta ho gayA ho) yahA~ "prazAntamadhukararUtA" vizeSaNa se kumudinI ke zravaNaparaka bimba kI sRSTi hotI hai| 1. kAvyaprakAza 2/13, pR068 para uddhRta 2. pUrvamegha 9 3. kAdambarI - mahAzvetAvRttAnta, pRSTha 22

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129 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana zlatha zvAsa nirantara jhara jhara jhara nIravatA meM mUdu mUdu marmara hai kAla vihaga ur3atA phara phara / ' ina paMktiyoM meM "jhara jhara jhara", "marmara" evaM "phara phara' kriyA vizeSaNa hamArI "nAda cetanA" kA sparza karane vAle (zravaNa paraka) bimboM ke nirmAtA haiM / "sayaH sIrotkaSaNasurabhikSetramAruhyamAlaM"re ___ yahA~ "sadyaH sIrotkaSaNasurabhi" vizeSaNa mAla kSetra kA ghrANa cetanA jagAne vAlA bimba prastuta karatA hai| "tvayyAsane pariNataphalazyAmajambUvanAntA"3 ___ isa ukti meM "pariNataphalazyAmajambUvanAntAH" vizeSaNa se dazArNa deza kA svAdaparaka bimba nirmita hotA hai| vAmazcAyaM nadati madhuraM cAtakaste sagandhaH prastuta padyAMza meM "madhuraM" kriyA vizeSaNa "nadati' kriyA kA zravaNaparaka bimba upasthita karatA hai| "sotkampAni priyasahacarI sampramAliMgitAni" yahA~ "sotkampAni " vizeSaNa se priya sahacariyoM ke sambhramapUrvaka kiye gaye AliMganoM kA sparzaparaka bimba anubhUtigamya hotA hai / "tAmbUlInaddha"" ityAdi pada meM "kuhakuhArAva" zabda se zrotaparaka bimba nirmita hotA hai| bimba aura alaMkArAdi meM antara upamAdi alaMkAra bimba ke sarjaka haiM, ataH unameM sAdRzya vidhAna evaM bimba sarjanA donoM hI guNa rahate haiM / kintu sAdRzya vidhAna kI dRSTi se unameM AlaMkArAtmakatA hotI hai aura bimba vidhAna kI dRSTi se bimbAtmakatA kA sadbhAva hotA hai / isI prakAra lAkSaNika prayogoM se bhI bimba nirmita hote haiM / vahA~ lAkSaNikatA ke kAraNa ve lAkSaNika prayoga haiM 1. medhAvI : rAMgeya rAghava, pRSTha 42 2. pUrvamegha, 16 3. vahI, 23 4. pUrvamegha, 9 5. vakroktijIvita, 2/10

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130 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana aura bimba vidhAna ke kAraNa bimba ke Azraya bhI haiM / isI taraha muhAvare, lokoktiyoM Adi meM bhI donoM prakAra ke antara vidyAmAna rahate haiM / jayodaya meN| ba vidhAna jayodaya kI bhASA bimbAtmakatA se maNDita hai / ataH bimba vidhAna se bhASA meM jo pratyakSAnubhUtivat sampreSaNIyatA AtI hai, vaha jayodaya kI bhASA meM vidyamAna hai / prastuta kAvya meM prayukta bimboM kA vargIkaraNa nimna dRSTiyoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai : aindriya saMvedanA, abhivyaktividhA (alaMkAra, lAkSaNika prayoga, vibhAvAdi), bimbAzrayabhUta bhASika avayava (vAkya, saMjJA, vizeSaNa, kriyA), bimba sarjaka padArthoM kA kSetra - (1) prakRti : jala, AkAza, parvata, jIvajantu Adi (2) jIvana, samAja evaM saMskRti' tathA rasa yahA~ vistArabhaya se kevala prathama tIna dRSTiyoM se vargIkaraNa kara jayodaya ke bimba vidhAna kA vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / aindriya saMvedanAvita vargIkaraNa saMvedanA ke AdhAra para bimboM ke pA~ca bheda hote haiM : dRSTiparaka, sparzaparaka, ghrANaparaka, zravaNaparaka evaM svAdaparaka / kavi ne jayodaya meM ghrANaparaka bimba ko chor3akara sabhI prakAra ke bimboM kI yojanA kI hai| dRriparaka bimba kAvyAtmaka bimboM meM sabase adhika saMkhyA dRSTiparaka bimboM kI hotI hai / jIvana meM bhI saMbhavataH netroM kA vyApAra hI pradhAna rahatA hai / isI kAraNa dRSTiparaka bimba kAvya meM sarvAdhika prayukta hote haiN| jayodaya meM bhI cAkSuSa bimboM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai / usakA adhikAMza dRzyavarNanoM se paripUrNa hai / jJAnasAgara jI ke bimboM meM samagratA kA guNa vidyamAna hai / varNya vastu ke pratyeka aMga kI pratIti karAne vAle bimboM kI unhoMne sarjanA kI hai| nimna padya samavazaraNa kI racanA, vahA~ ke vAtAvaraNa kI nirmalatA, raloM kI prabhA Adi kA samagra citra dRSTi meM utAra detA hai - paripautamivAmbaraM zuci haritAM tIsavoDavA ruciH / paraNItalamabdanirmalaM jagatAM sammadasRzye balam // 26/4 // 1. jAyasI kI vimba yojanA, pR0 175-20

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana maNisaguNisaMvibhAlatastvavadhUto 131 navadhUlizAlataH / nayanAriragAdabhAvatAM na nizAvAsarayorbhido'tra tAH // 26/48 prastuta padya meM kavi ne sArdha candramA kI upamA dvArA nAyaka ke mukhamaNDala kI zobhA ko netroM kA viSaya banA diyA hai : bhAlena sArdhaM lasatA sadAsya metasya tasyaiva sametya dAsyam / sindhoH zizuH pazyatu pUrNimAsyaM candro'dhigantuM muhureva bhASyam // 1/55 - camakate hue lalATa vAle rAjA jayakumAra kA mukha Der3ha candramA ke samAna sundara thaa| ataH samudra kA putra candramA usake mukha ke rUpa saundarya kI samAnatA pAne ke lie bAra-bAra pUrNimA ko prApta hotA thA phira bhI usake samAna kAnti nahIM kara pAtA thA / sarvatobhadra svayaMvara maNDapa kI racanA ke varNana meM stambha, kalaza, mukura, jhAlara, dhvajA Adi kA citraNa kara kavi ne maNDapa kA samagra citra netroM ke samakSa upasthita kara diyA hai - - kalatraM hi suvarNorustambhaM kAmijanAzrayam / maNDapaM sutarAmuccaistanakumbhavirAjitam ||3 / 72 mukurAdisamAdhAraM mauktikAdisamanvitam / navavidrumabhUyiSThamudyAnamiva maJjulam ||3 / 75 yaha maNDapa svarNa ke paripuSTa khambhoM se yukta hai, UparI bhAga maMgala kalazoM se suzobhita hai, yaha sarvathA kAmijanoM ke Azraya ke yogya hai, pariNeyA yuvatI jaisA laga rahA hai / jaise upavana kaliyoM se yukta, motiyA Adi puSpI paudhoM evaM nayI kopaloM se suzobhita hotA hai; usI prakAra yaha maNDapa sarvatra mukura, motI evaM mUMgoM kI jhAlara se zobhAyamAna hai / " raktanetra" vizeSaNa dvArA upasthApita bimba se arkakIrti kI krodhottapta dazA kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai kalyAM samAkalayyogrAmenAM bharatanandanaH / raktanetro javAdeva babhUva kSIbatAM gataH / / 7/17 bharata cakravartI kA putra arkakIrti, durmarSaNa kI ugra vANI rUpa teja madirA kA pAnakara zIghra hI madamasta hotA huA lAla-lAla netroM vAlA bana gayA / kavi ne giragiTa ke samAna raMga badalane kI upamA dvArA svayaMvara meM upasthita rAjakumAroM kI kSaNa-kSaNa parivartamAna bhAva dazA kA sundara dyotana kiyA hai :

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132 -- hai : se karate hue giragiTa se samAna lAla-pIle raMga badala rahA thA / rUpayauvanaguNAdikamanyaiH svajano'tha tulyanniha dhanyaiH / raktimetaramukhaM saraToktaM naikarUpamayate sma tavoktam ||5 / 13 vahAM pratyeka rAjakumAra apane rUpa yauvana aura guNAdi kI tulanA anya rAjakumAroM jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana prastuta padya meM suvarNamUrti rUpaka dvArA sulocanA kI dehacchavi pratyakSa sI kara dI gaI suvarNamUrtiH prAgeva yauvanenAdhunA'JcitA / adbhutAM labhate zobhAM sindUreNeva saMskRtA // 3 / 59 sulocanA prArambha se hI svarNa (acchI zobhA vAlI) mUrti hai / vaha isa samaya yuvAvasthA meM sindUra se susaMskRta hokara apUrva zobhA dhAraNa kara rahI hai / zoka se pIlA par3ane kI utprekSA dvArA nirmita yaha citra candramA kI prAtaH kAlIna niSprabhatA kA saphala vyaMjaka hai yanmIlitaM sapadi kairaviNIbhirAbhiH, -- - kSINA kSapAstamitamapyuta tArakAbhiH / saMcintayan dayitadAratayendu devaH, prApnoti pANDuvapurityathavA zuceva // 18/21 candramA kI tIna striyA~ thIM- kumudinI, rAtri aura tArA / inameM se isa samaya kumudinI mUrcchita ho gaI hai, rAtri naSTa ho gaI hai tathA tArA astamita ho gaI / ataeva mAnoM strI- premI candramA apanI striyoM ke viSaya meM cintita hotA huA zoka se hI pANDutA ko prApta ho rahA hai / nimna zloka meM durvarNa aura suvarNa vizeSaNoM se mukha kA jo bimba nirmita kiyA gayA hai usase kAvyarasa ke prati durjana aura sajjana kI pratikriyA sahajatayA hRdayaMgama ho jAtI hai : aho kAvyarasaH zrImAnyadasya pRSatA vrajet / durvarNatAM durjanasya mukhaM sAdhoH suvarNatAm || 28 /74 Azcarya hai ki kAvyarasa ke aMza mAtra se hI sajjana kA mukha prasanna hotA hai| ( arthAt AnandadAyaka hotA hai) aura durjana kA mukha IrSyA bhAva ke kAraNa pIlA ho jAtA hai /

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133 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana sparzaparaka bimba jayodaya meM sparzaparaka vimvoM kI saMkhyA atyalpa hai / kavi ne kaThora vacanoM kI pIDAkArakatA ko aMgAre ke sparzaparaka bimba dvArA saphalatayA pratIta karAyA hai : dahanasya prayogeNa tasyetthaM daarunnenggitH| dagdhazcakrisuto vyaktA aMgArA hi tato giraH // 7/18 -- durmarSaNa kI girA rUpa agni ke prayoga se cakravartI kA duSTa putra arkakIrti kASTha ke samAna dhadhaka uThA / usake mukha se aMgAra ke samAna vacana nikalane lge| sundarI sulocanA ke kezoM kI sukomalatA vyaMjita karane ke lie kavi ne navanIta ke upamAna dvArA atyanta prabhAvazAlI sparzabimba nirmita kiNa hai : * kAlA hi bAlAH khalu kajalasya rUpe svarUpe gatimajalasya / sparza mUdutvAduta mRkSaNasya tulyA smarArergalalakSaNasya // 11/69 -- sulocanA ke kAle keza raMga meM kAjala ke samAna haiM, svarUpa meM bahate pAnI ke samAna haiM, sparza meM navanItasama haiM tathA dRSTi ko sukha dene meM kAmAri zaMkara ke gale ke nIle raMga ke samAna haiN| svAdaparaka bimba kavi ne kucha sthaloM para upamAoM aura vizeSaNoM dvArA svAdaparaka bimba upasthita kara mAnava manobhAvoM aura vastuoM ke vaiziSTya ko vyaMjita kiyA hai - sulocanA ko arkakIrti kI prazaMsA aisI lagI jaise Aka kA kar3avA pattA : ityevamarkakIrteH pallavamatihallavaM sma jAnAti / smaracApasabibhabhUH kaTukaM paramarkadalapAtiH / / 6/18 kavi ko pUjana meM prayukta aSTa maMgaladravya gur3a ke samAna madhura pratIta hote haiM : parameSThira seSTitatparANIti satAM zrIrasatAratamyaphANiH / kila santi lasanti maGgalAni sutarAM svastikama vAGmukhAni // 12/7 nimna zloka meM kavi ne madhura vizeSaNa dvArA vacanoM kI karNapriyatA ko mUrtita kiyA abhimukhapantI sudRzaM tatAna sA bhAratI ratIndravare / vasudhAsupAnipAne madhurAM padabandhurAM tu nare // 6/50 //

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134 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anazIlana zravaNaparaka bimba jayodaya meM zravaNaparaka bimboM kA prayoga bhI sImita hai / kavi ne ghana, tata, suSira, Anaddha, bherI, vINA, jhA~jha, huDuka, nagAr3e Adi vAdya dhvaniyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / nimna zloka par3hate hI "DhakkADhakkArapUrita" zabda ke nagAr3e kI dhvani kA bimba mana meM sAkAra ho uThatA hai : upAMzupAMsule vyomni TakATakArapUrite / balAhakabalAdhAnAnmayUrA madamAyayuH // 3/111 // -- usa samaya ur3I huI dhUla se vyApta AkAza jaba DhakkA (nagAr3e) kI DhakkAra se paripUrita ho gayA to megha garjana ke bhrama se mayUra matavAle ho uThe / kavi ne "jagarja" zabda ke prayoga dvArA yoddhA kI garjanA ko mUrtita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai : dRDhaprahAraH pratipaya mUrchAmibhasya hastAmbukaNA atuLAH jagarna kazcitvanubaddhavairaH siktaH samutthAya takaiH sakhairaH // 8/26 // -- tIvra prahAra se mUrchita hokara eka yoddhA pRthvI para gira gayA thA / hAthI kI sa~r3a ke vipula jalakaNa jaba usa para gire to vaha hoza meM Akara uThA aura vaira bhAvanA ke sAtha garjane lgaa| alaMkArAdhita bimba..... alaMkAra bimba racanA ke sahaja aura sazakta mAdhyama haiM / jayodaya meM alaMkArAzrita bimba hI sarvAdhika haiM / alaMkAroM meM upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, arthAntaranyAsa aura dRSTAnta dvArA sundara bimboM kI yojanA huI hai / kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM : lvnnimaajdlsthjlsthitistrunnimaaymusso'runnimaanvitiH| lasati jIvanamaJalijIvanamiha dadhAtvavarSi na sudhiijnH|| 25/5 // -- yuvati kA saundarya kamalapatra para sthita pAnI kI bU~da ke samAna hai, yuvAvasthA sandhyA samaya kI lAlimAvat hai / jIvana aMjali meM sthita jala ke samAna hai / ataH buddhimAn manuSya samaya ko vyartha nahIM khote / _ina upamAoM meM "kamalapatra para sthita pAnI kI bU~da,' "sandhyA samaya kI lAlimA" tathA "aJjali meM sthita pAnI" kSaNabhaMguratA ke sazakta bimba haiM /

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135 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana kimu bhavedvipadAmapi sampadAM bhuvi zucApi rucApi jgtsdaam| karatalAhatakandukavatpunaH patanamutpatanaM ca samastu n:|| 25/10 // , -- isa jagat meM sampatti aura vipatti kA sadbhAva aura abhAva hotA rahatA hai / prANI harSa aura zoka se saMyukta hote rahate haiM / jaise hAtha ke AghAta se geMda Upara-nIce uThatI tathA giratI hai, usI taraha jIvoM kA utthAna-patana lagA rahatA hai / "karatalAhatakandukavat" upamA se nirmita bimba saMsAra kI parivartanazIlatA ko saralatayA hRdayaMgama karA detA hai| tejo'pyUrvaM samavApa dIpa iva kSaNe'nte'tra jayapratIpaH / niHsnehatAmAtmani saMbruvANastathApade sNklitpryaannH|| 8/70 // . -- jo apane jIvana ke viSaya meM sneharahita ho gayA hai tathA vipatti ke samaya jisane prayANa karane kA saMkalpa kiyA hai, aise arkakIrti ne bujhate dIpaka ke samAna apUrva teja prApta kiyaa| __ "kSaNe'nte dIpaH iva" upamA parAjaya ke pUrva arkakIrti meM Aye utsAha ko dRzyabimba dvArA bhalIbhA~ti rUpAyita kara detI hai / adholikhita padya meM "jJAnadIpa" rUpaka jJAna ke sadasadavivekajanaka dharma kA dyotana karane vAle dRzya bimba kA sarjaka hai - snavadiho na tathA na dazAntaramapi tu mohatamoharaNAdaraH / lasati bopanadIpa iyAnyataH vidhipataGgaNaH patati svtH|| 25/70 // -- vivekI puruSa jJAnarUpI dIpaka se prakAzavAn rahatA hai / usameM na rAga hotA hai na dveSa / vaha moharUpI andhakAra ko dUra karane meM prayatnazIla rahatA hai / usake jJAnarUpI dIpaka para karmarUpI pataMgoM kA dala svayaM gira kara naSTa ho jAtA hai / sarpa dvArA pavana kA pAna kiye jAne evaM keMculI chor3ane ke rUpakAtmaka bimba dvArA khaDga kI bhayaMkaratA zatru ke prANApaharaNa tathA svayaza ke prasAraNa rUpa kAryoM kI sundara vyaMjanA kI gaI hai : bhuSago'sya ca karavIro viSadasupavanaM nipIya pInatayA / dizi dizi muJcati suyazaH kaJcukamiti he sukezi syAt // 6/106 -- he sukezi ! isake hAtha kA khaDgarUpI sarpa vairiyoM ke prANarUpI pavana ko pIkara paripuSTa ho jAtA hai aura pratyeka dizA meM yazarUpI keMculI chor3atA hai|

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136 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana yaha utprekSAtmaka bimba darzanIya hai : vijarattarukoTarAntarAivavahirvipinasya vRhiNaH / rasaneva nireti bhUpate ravipAdAbhihatasya nityazaH // 13/50 // -- he bhUpate ! isa taru ke koTara se vanAgni kI jvAlA nikala rahI hai, jo aisI pratIta hotI hai mAnoM sUrya ke razmirUpI pairoM se nirantara satAye gaye isa bUr3he vana kI jIbha hI nikala rahI hai| isa utprekSA meM "sUrya ke razmirUpa pairoM se nirantara pratAr3ita kiye gaye baDhe vana kI. jIbha nikalane kA mAnavIya bimba" bhayAnaka rasa kA vyaMjaka hai / nimna zloka meM "jalakuNDa kA nAbhi meM pariNata hone rUpa" utprekSA kA vidhAna huA hai / yaha utprekSA nAyikA sulocanA kI nAbhi kI gaharAI ko dhvanita karane kA sazakta bimba hai - asyA vinirmANavidhAvahuNDaM rasasthalaM yatsahakArikuNDam / sucakSuSaH kalpitavAn vidhAtA tadeva nAbhiH samabhUtsujAtA // 11/30 // -- brahmA ne sulocanA kA nirmANa karane ke lie jala kA sundara kuNDa banAyA thaa| aba vahI nAbhi rUpa meM pariNata ho gayA hai / nimna padya meM pittajvara se pIr3ita vyakti kI dugdha ke prati aruci kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai / yaha arkakIrti kI anavadyamati mantrI ke hitakArI vacanoM ke prati aruci ke bimba ko dhvanita karatA hai -- nAnumene manAgeva tathyamityaM zucervacaH / krUrazcakrisuto yadvat payaH pittjvraaturH|| 7/44 // -- bharata cakravartI ke krodhita putra arkakIrti ne anavadyamati mantrI ke sundara, sAragarbha evaM hitakArI vacanoM ko usI prakAra grahaNa nahIM kiyA jaise pittajvara se pIr3ita vyakti dUdha ko grahaNa nahIM krtaa| lakSaNAzrita bimba mahAkavi ne Ane kAvya meM lAkSaNika prayogoM ke dvArA bhI bimboM kI racanA kI hai abhyApa susnehadazAviziraM sulocanA somakulapradIpam / mukheSu sattAM sutarAM samApa sadaJjanaM cAparapArthivAnAm / / 6/131 // -- sulocanA ne uttama sneha kI dazA se viziSTa somakula ke dIpaka jayakumAra ko

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 137 prApta kiyA, usI samaya anya rAjAoM ke mukhoM para gAr3ha aMjana ne apanI sattA jamA lI (arthAt ve udAsa ho gye)| isa ukti meM "anya rAjAoM ke mukhoM para gAr3ha aJjana ne sattA jamA lI" isa lAkSaNika prayoga se nirmita bimba rAjAoM ke atyanta udAsa ho jAne ke bhAva ko vyaMjita karane kI adbhuta zakti rakhatA hai| lokoktijanya bimba lokokti para Azrita bimba kA sundara udAharaNa nimna ukti meM milatA hai - pArthivaM samanukUlayetpumAn yasya rAjyaviSaye niyuktimAn / zalyavagujati yadvirodhitA nAmbudhau makarato'ritA hitA // 2/70 / / -- manuSya jisa rAjA ke rAjya meM nivAsa karatA hai use apane anukUla banAye rakhanA cAhie / usase virodha karanA zalya ke samAna duHkhadAyaka hotA hai / samudra meM rahakara magara se vaira karanA acchA nahIM hai| yahA~ "nAmbudhau makarato'ritA hitA' (samudra meM rahakara magara se vaira acchA nahIM hotA) yaha lokokti "jisake Azraya meM rahate haiM usake pratikUla AcaraNa karanA hitakAraka nahIM hotA" isa tathya ko abhivyaMjita karane vAlA atyanta prabhAvazAlI bimba hai / muhAvarAzrita bimba kavi ne muhAvaroM dvArA bimba nirmita kara amUrta bhAvoM ko hRdayaMgama banAne kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai : tattvabhRd vyavahatizca zarmaNe pUtibhedanamivAgracarmaNe / tAvadUSaraTake kilAphale kA prasaktiruditA nirargale // 2/5 // isa sUkti meM "USaraTake kilAphale kA prasaktiruditA nirargale" (Usara meM bIja bone se kyA lAbha ?) yaha muhAvarA eka aisA bimba upasthita karatA hai jisase apAtra ko upadeza dene yA ayogya vyakti kI sevA karane kI nirarthakatA sahajatayA anubhUtigamya ho jAtI hai| vAkyAzrita bimba nimna uktiyoM meM vAkyAzrita bimboM ke darzana hote haiM - mano mamaikasya kilopahAro bahuSvathAnyasya tathApahAraH / kimAtitheyaM karavANi vANi hRde'pyahayeyamaho kRpANI // 5/97

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138 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana - sulocanA buddhidevI ko sambodhita karate hue kahatI hai - he vANI ! merA mana to ina aneka rAjAoM meM se kisI eka kA upahAra hogA, zeSa sabhI kA anAdara ho jAyegA / maiM ina sabhI kA satkAra kaise kara sakU~gI ? yaha bAta mere hRdaya meM kRpANa kA kArya kara rahI hai / yahA~ para "hRde api iyaM ahRdyA kRpANI" (yaha bAta mere hRdaya meM tIkSNa kRpANa kA kArya kara rahI hai) vAkya svayaMvara sabhA meM upasthita rAjAoM ko dekhakara sulocanA ke mana meM utpanna kaSTAtizaya ko vyaMjita karanevAlA prabhAvazAlI bimba prastuta karatA hai| nimna zloka kA uttarArdha eka lokoktirUpa vAkya hai, jo arkakIrti kI haThagrAhitA ko sahajatayA ghotita karatA hai| nanu manuSyavareNa niveditaM mayi nivedamanarthamavehi tam / kathamivAndhakaloSThamapi kramaH kanakamityupakalpayituM dhamaH // 9/28 // -- mantrI sumati ne mujhase yuddha na karane hetu nivedana kiyA thA, kintu unake nivedana kA mere Upara koI asara nahIM huaa| ThIka hI hai, andhaka pASANa ko koI svarNa kA kaise banA sakatA hai ? saMjJAzrita bimba kavi ne saMjJA kA pratIka rUpa meM prayoga kara amUrta bhAvoM ke hRdayasparzI bimba nirmita kiye haiM : gatA nizA'tha dizA udghATitA bhAnti vipuutnynbhuute| ko'stu kauzikAdiha vidveSI paro naro vishdiibhuuto| 8/90 // -- he vizAla evaM nirmala nayanoM vAlI putrI ! nizA bIta gayI, aba sabhI dizAe~ spaSTa dikhAI de rahI haiM / aise prakAzamAna samaya meM ullU ke alAvA aisA kauna prANI hogA jise prasannatA na ho| yahA~ "nizA" tathA "kauzika" saMjJAe~ pratIkAtmaka haiM, jinase kramazaH "vipatti" evaM "vivekahIna" kA artha vyaMjita karane vAle sazakta bimba nirmita hote haiN| vizeSaNAzrita bimba nimna padya meM vizeSaNa ke dvArA sundara bimba kI racanA huI hai - kamalAmukhImayamAtmarazmibhiH zrIpariphullahAM, rasati smepamimaM khalu ramaNIdhAmaniSi svApAram / grahaNagrahaNasyAdau paramo bhavinoramivizvambha, bhavatu kavIzvaralokAgrahato hAvaparazcArambhaH // 10/119 // - jayakumAra ne apane netroM se alaMkAroM se suzobhita, prasannacitta, kamalamukhI

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 139 sulocanA ko dekhA / ramaNI sulocanA ne apane jIvana ke AdhArabhUta atyanta tejasvI jayakumAra ko dekhA / bhaviSya meM hone vAle pANigrahaNa saMskAra ke prArambha meM unakA jo hAvabhAva bharA upakrama ho, vaha uttama kaviyoM kI lekhanI se prasUta hokara ati sundara bane / yahA~ "kamalamukhI' vizeSaNa apanI bimbAtmakatA ke dvArA sulocanA ke prasanna evaM sukomala mukha kA citra netroM ke samakSa upasthita kara detA hai / isI prakAra -- kASThAgataparasArya vibhUtimAna tejasA dhtyvshH| tenAsyAzayarUpaM svato bhavati bhasmazubhrayazaH // 6/29 // -- yaha kAmarUpa deza kA rAjA niraMkuza vaibhavazAlI hai / isane teja se sarva dizAoM meM sthita zatruoM ko usI prakAra naSTa kara diyA hai jaise agni apanI dAhakatA se kASTha ko jalA detI hai / isa kAraNa isakA bhasma ke samAna zubhra yaza svataH cAroM ora phaila rahA hai / isa padya meM amUrta yaza ke lie mUrta "zubhra" vizeSaNa kA prayoga huA hai, jo rAjA ke nirmala yaza ko vyaMjita karane vAle bimba kA janaka hai / kriyAzrita bimba kriyA kA lAkSaNika prayoga karane para bimba nirmita hotA hai / jayodaya meM kriyAzrita bimba ke aneka udAharaNa milate haiM / eka udAharaNa draSTavya haiM -- dRSTirAzu patitA vimalAyAM navyabhavyarajanIzakalAyAm / / kaumudAdarapadAtizayAyAM prekSiNI nanu nRNAmuditAyAm // 5/67 -- sulocanA udita huI abhinava candrakalA ke samAna sundara aura AnandotpAdaka thI / usa prasannacitta rAjakumArI para logoM kI dRSTi turanta jA pdd'ii| yahAM "patitA" kriyA ke dvArA nirmita citra ekamAtra sulocanA para hI logoM kI dRSTi kendrita ho jAne ke bhAva ko prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se vyaMjita karatA hai / _isa prakAra mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ne apane mahAkAvya meM amUrta bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie citrAtmaka bhASA yA bimba vidhAna kA Azraya bhI liyA hai aura isake dvArA vastu ke sUkSma svarUpa tathA mAnavIya manobhAvoM evaM manodazAoM ke vaiziSTya ko atyanta prabhAvazAlI rIti se anubhUtigamya banAyA hai| m

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saptama adhyAya lokoktiyA~ evaM sUktiyA~ lokokti kA lakSaNa loka (jana-sAdhAraNa) ke dainika anubhavoM se upalabdha satyoM ko ukti vaicitrya ke dvArA vyaMjita karane vAlI sUtrAtmakaM prasiddha uktiyA~ lokoktiyoM kahalAtI haiM / lokokti muhAvare se bhinna hai / muhAvarA zabda yA zabdAvalI mAtra hotA hai / ataeva vAkya kA aMga hotA hai, lokokti vAkyAtmaka hotI hai / muhAvare ke rUpa meM prayukta hone vAlA zabda yA zabda samUha sandarbha vizeSa meM hI muhAvarA banatA hai / lokokti svataMtra rUpa se hI lokokti hotI hai, kevala usakA prayoga ucita sandarbha meM kiyA jAtA hai / muhAvare kA svataMtra rUpa se koI artha nahIM hotA, vAkya meM prayukta hone para hI sArthaka hotA hai, jabaki lokokti svataMtra rUpa se sArthaka hotI hai / "AMkhoM kA kA~TA honA" eka muhAvarA hai, "kA~Te se kA~TA nikalatA hai" eka lokokti hai| lokoktiyoM kA abhivyaMjanAtmaka mahattva lokoktiyA~ dRSTAnta rUpa hotI haiM jinake dvArA tathya vizeSa ko puSTakara vizvasanIya yA prAmANika banAyA jAtA hai / ve kisI tathya, kriyA, AcaraNa yA ghaTanA ke viziSTa svarUpa ko vyaMjita karane ke lie bhI prayukta hotI haiM / unakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve tathyoM ke marma ko ubhAra kara gahana evaM tIkSNa banAkara abhivyakti ko prabhAvazAlI aura ramaNIya banA detI haiM / jaise - upadezo hi mUrkhANAM prakopAya na zAntaye / payaH pAnaM bhujaGgAnAM kevalaM viSavardhanam // yahA~ antima vAkya lokokti hai / usameM prayukta bhujaGga zabda ne duSToM kI ghAtaka prakRti ko "payaH pAna" zabda ne upadeza ke hitakara svarUpa ko tathA "viSavardhana" zabda ne duSToM (mUoM) ke krodha kI ghAtakatA tathA usameM vRddhi hone ke svarUpa ko gahana evaM tIkSNa banA diyA hai, isa prakAra abhivyakti painI ho gaI hai| jayodaya meM lokoktiyA~ jayodaya ke kavi ne lokoktiyoM ke samucita prayoga se abhivyakti ko prabhAvazAlI evaM ramaNIya banAne kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai / unake dvArA prayukta lokoktiyoM ke viSaya

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana vibhinna haiM, yathA- mAnava AcaraNa ke manovaijJAnika hetu, mAnava vyavahAra kI Adarza pRSThabhUmi, vastusthiti kI gambhIratA, hAsyAspadatA, biDambanAtmakatA Adi / kavi ne lokoktiyoM ke dvArA mAnava AcaraNa ke manovaijJAnika AdhAroM ko manohara dRSTAntoM se spaSTa kara kathana ko ramaNIya banAne meM paryApta saphalatA hastagata kI hai / udAharaNa darzanIya hai - 141 arkakIrti AmantraNa na milane para bhI rAjakumArI sulocanA ke svayaMvara meM jAne ke liye taiyAra ho jAtA hai, "kyoMki caurAhe para par3e ratna ko kauna nahIM uThAnA cAhatA ?" AstadA sulalitaM calitavyaM tanmayA'vasaraNaM bahubhavyam / zrIcatuSpathaka utkalitAya kasyacid vrajati cintra hitAya // 4/7 // 1 rAjakumArI sulocanA svayaMvara sabhA meM jayakumAra kA varaNa karatI hai| isase arkakIrti udAsa ho jAtA hai / taba usakA cATukAra mitra durmarSaNa usase jhUTha-mUTha kahatA hai ki rAjakumArI sulocanA to guNoM kI pArakhI hai, vaha tumheM hI varaNa karanA cAhatI thI kintu pitA kI AjJA ke vazIbhUta ho use jayakumAra kA varaNa karanA par3A kyoMki "loka meM aisA kauna hai jo svecchA se ratna chor3akara kA~ca grahaNa karegA ?" kanyA'sau viduSI dhanyA guNekSaNavicakSaNA / kulendocchandasi cchanda upekSAM kintu nArhati // 7 / 13 // X X X anyathA'nupapattyA'haM gatavAMstvadanujJayA / svAtantryeNa hi ko ratnaM tyaktvA kAcaM sameSyati / / 7 / 15 // nRparala, yuddha meM parAjita arkakIrti ko rAjA akampana samajhAte hue kahate haiM - he jayakumAra ne Apako yuddha meM parAjita kara jo capalatA kI hai, Apa use bhUla jaayeN| isa viSaya meM koI vicAra na kareM / "dUdha pIte samaya bachar3A gAya kI chAtI meM coTa mAratA hai, phira bhI gAya nArAja na hokara use dUdha hI pilAtI hai" yadapi cApalamApa lalAma te jaya ihAstu sa eva mahAmate / urasi sannihatApi payo'rpayapatyatha nijAya tuje surabhiH svayam // 9/12 manuSya kA vivekavihIna puNyakarma niSphala ho jAtA hai / yaha " andhA baTe bachar3A khAya" kI kahAvata ko caritArtha karatA hai --

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142 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana bhuvi vRthA sukRtaM ca kRtaM bhavedavijanasya tarAmavivekataH / anayanasya vaTIvalanaM punaH kavalitaM ca zakRtkariNA tataH // 25/68 // nIti ke upadeza ko prabhAvI evaM grAhya banAne ke lie bhI kavi ne lokoktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| munirAja jayakumAra ko samajhAte hue kahate haiM -- manuSya jahA~ rahatA hai, vahA~ ke rAjA ko prasanna rakhanA cAhie, usakA virodha karanA zalya ke samAna duHkhadAyaka hotA hai / "samudra meM rahakara magara se vaira karanA hitakara nahIM hotA" . pArthivaM samanukUlayetpumAn yasya rAjyaviSaye niyuktimAn / zalyavadrujati yadvirodhitA nAmbudhau makarato'ritA hitA // 2/70 tiryaJcAdi ke vyavahAra para Azrita lokoktiyoM ke dvArA vastu sthiti kI gambhIratA, saMkaTAspadatA, biDambanAtmakatA Adi kA dyotana kara kathana ko hRdayasparzitA pradAna kI gaI arkakIrti ke yuddha meM parAjita ho jAne para rAjA akampana bhayabhIta hokara kahate haiM -- isa parAjaya se yadi samrAT bharata kupita ho gaye to hamArA kyA hogA ? "samudra meM rahakara magara se vaira karane vAle kI gati to prasiddha hI hai" -- raviparAjayataH sa ruSaH sthalaM yadi tadA bhuvi naH kva kalAdalam / makarato'varatasya sarasvati bhavitumarhati nAsumato gatiH // 9/61 sUktiyA~ jayodaya kI bhASA sUktigarbhita hai / isase bhI usakI kAvyAtmakatA sampuSTa huI hai| vastusvabhAva yA jIvana aura jagat se sambandhita satya kA kathana vAlI ukti sUkti kahalAtI hai / lokoktiyA~ bhI jIvana aura jagat ke satya kA kathana karatI haiM, kintu lokokti aura sUkti meM yaha antara hai ki lokokti lokamukha se AvirbhUta hotI hai tathA sUkti jJAniyoM ke makha se nikalatI haiM aura jJAniyoM ke vacana tathA lekhana meM usakA prayoga hotA hai / isake. atirikta lokoktiyoM meM lAkSaNikatA evaM vyaMjakatA bhI rahatI hai jabaki sUktiyA~ prAyaH abhidhAtmaka hotI haiM / "adhajala gagarI chalakata jAya" yaha eka lokokti hai / "para upadeza kuzala bahutere" yaha sUkti hai / "nirastapAdape deze eraNDo'pi drumAyate'' yaha eka lokokti hai, "vidyA vinayena zobhate" yaha sUkti hai / aisA bhI hotA hai ki koI sUkti bahuprasiddha hokara lokajihvA kA saMsparza pAkara lokokti kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai aura lokoktiyA~ apanI

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 143 sampreSaNIyatA evaM tathyAtmakatA ke kAraNa sAhitya aura vidvadvacanoM meM sthAna pA letI haiM / kAvyazAstra meM sUktiyA~ aura lokoktiyA~ arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAnta evaM prativastUpamA alaMkAroM meM garbhita haiN| saktiyoM kA abhivyaMjanAtmaka mahattva sUktiyoM kA prayoga lokoktiyoM kI taraha hI nimnalikhita prayojanoM se hotA hai:-- kathana kI puSTi, AcaraNa ke hetu kA pratipAdana, mAnavavyavahAra, mAnavadazA, gAnavopalabdhi tathA sAMsArika evaM prAkRtika ghaTanAoM se prApta tathyoM kA nirUpaNa, upadeza, parAmarza evaM AcaraNa ke aucitya kI siddhi tathA nIti vizeSa kA kathana / sUktiyoM ke dvArA kathana meM dArzanika, AdhyAtmika, manovaijJAnika evaM zAstrIya prabhAva A jAtA hai jisase kathana udAtta evaM garimApUrNa bana jAtA hai / sUktiyA~ jIvana satyoM se paripUrNa hotI haiM isalie mana ko prabhAvita karatI haiM / unase duHkhI mana ko sAntvanA, nirAza mana ko utsAha tathA adhIra mana ko dhairya milatA hai / a~dhere meM bhaTakatA huA manuSya prakAza pA letA hai aura dizA bhraSToM ko dizA mila jAtI hai / isa prakAra sUktiyA~ abhivyaMjanA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM / jayodaya meM sUktiprayoga mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne jayodaya meM zatAdhika sUktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / inameM sajjana-durjana Adi kI prakRti kA, dhana, dharma, vidyA, buddhi, pauruSa Adi ke mahattva kA, jagat ke svabhAva sukha-duHkha ke svarUpa tathA sAra-asAra bhUta tattvoM kA sUtrarUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai aura inakA upayoga kavi ne kathana vizeSa kI puSTi, AcaraNa vizeSa ke hetu nirdeza, upadezoM evaM vyavahAra vizeSa ke aucitya pratipAdana tathA mAnava vyavahAra evaM sAMsArika tathA prAkRtika ghaTanAoM se prApta tathyoM ke nirUpaNa ke lie kiyA hai / nimna udAharaNoM meM sUktiyoM ke dvArA pAtroM ke AcaraNa kA hetu nirdiSTa kara unake cAritrika vaiziSTya kA prakAzana kiyA gayA hai - ___ yadyapi rAjA jayakumAra sulocanA ke prati anurukta thA phira bhI usane (sulocanA ke pitA) mahArAjA akampana se sulocanA kI yAcanA nahIM kI / "jIvana bhale hI calA jAya, svAbhimAnI kabhI kisI se yAcanA nahIM karatA" (kimanyakairjIvitameva yAtu na yAcitaM mAni upaiti jAta) - na cAturo'pyeSa narastadarthamakampanaM yAcitavAn samarthaH / kimanyakairjIvitameva yAtu na yAcitaM mAni upaiti jAtuM // 1/72

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana sanmArga ke jJAtA rAjA akampana yuddha meM parAjita arkakIrti ke sAtha apanI dvitIya putrI akSamAlA kA vivAha kara dete haiM / " sajjanoM kA zarIra paropakAra ke lie hI hotA hai" ( satAM vapurhi pa tAya ) - 144 ayamayacchadadhItya hRdA jinaM tadanujAM tanujAya rathAGginaH / sunayanAjanako'yanakovidaH parahitAya vapurhi satAmidam // 9/56 jayakumAra ke deva-mitra ne use yuddha meM vijaya prApta karane ke lie yuddha kSetra meM nAgapAza evaM ardhacandra bANa pradAna kiyA / " samaya para sahayoga denA hI sahakAritva kahA jAtA hai" ( avasare aGgavattA sahakArisattA nigadyate ) - -- suraH samAgatyatamAM sa bhadraM sanAgapAzaM zaramarSacandram / dadau yatazcAvasare'GgaktA nigadyate sA sahakArisattA // 8/77 yuddha meM vijayI hone para bhI jayakumAra ko harSa na hokara duHkha huA / "ayogya dhana ko prApta karane para kyA citta prasanna ho sakatA hai ?" (ayogyaM vittaM AdAya cittaM kimu svAsthyaM labhatAm ) viSasAdaiva jayo'smAt prasasAda na jAtu vijayato yasmAt / svAsthyaM labhatAM cittaM hyAdAyAyogyamiha ca kimu vittam // 8/82 AkAza meM kapotayugala ko dekhakara sulocanA mUrcchita ho jAtI hai / sakhiyA~ turanta usakI paricaryA karatI haiN| eka sakhI usakI nAsikA ke chidroM ko banda kara detI hai mAnoM vaha usake nikalate hue prANoM ko rokanA cAhatI ho / "vipatti meM sAtha denA hI mitratA kahalAtI hai") vyasane'nuvRttiH sakhyam - abhUt tvarA saMvaritasvarAyAH prANAnivodgacchata ujvarAyAH / tadAvacetuM paritaH pravRttiH sakhISu sakhyaM vyasane'nuvRttiH / / 23/21 kucha sUktiyA~ aisI haiM jo prAkRtika ghaTanAoM yA tiryaJcoM ke vyavahAra ke udAharaNoM dvArA mahAn yA kSudra puruSoM ke svabhAva kA nirdeza karatI haiN| inake dvArA pAtroM ke cAritrika vaiziSTya kA dyotana evaM poSaNa kiyA gayA hai / sUrya jisa prakAra udayakAla meM lAla rahatA hai usI prakAra asta ke samaya bhI rahatA "mahApuruSa sukha aura duHkha meM eka jaise rahate haiM" (mahatAM sampatsu vipatsu api sadaiva tulyatA taTasthA) 1 yathodaye'stamaye'pi raktaH zrImAn vivasvAn vibhavaikabhaktaH / vipatsu sampatsvapi tulyate kmahI taTasthA mahatAM sadaiva // 15/2

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 145 , dina apane svAmI sUrya ke sAtha hI vilIna ho jAtA hai / "niHsvArtha vyakti prANoM kA tyAga karake bhI kRtantratA kA nirvAha karate haiM" (ye amalAH te asubhyo'pi kRtannatAM nirvahanti) layaM tu bhava samaM sameti dinaM dinezena mahIyaseti / kRtajJatAM te khalu nirvahanti tamAmasubhyo'pyamalAstu santi // 15/3 hAthiyoM ne gaMgA nadI kA jitanA jala piyA, usase bhI adhika jala madajala ke bahAne vApisa kara diyA / "kulInavaMzI pratyupakAra zUnya nahIM hote" (vaMzinaH pratyupakArazUnyAHna) yAvanipItaM jalamApagAyAstato'dhikaM tatra samarpitaJca / mataGjendranijadAnavAri na vaMzinaH pratyupakArazUnyAH // 13/105 kahIM para sUktiyA~ pAtroM ke jIvana kI sukha-duHkhAtmaka ghaTanAoM ke udAharaNoM dvArA saMsAra ke sukha-duHkhAtmaka svarUpa kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa karatI haiM - rAjA jayakumAra eka dina apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha mahala kI chata para baiThe the / ve AkAzamArga se jAte hue vidyAdhara ke vimAna kA avalokana kara mUrchita ho jAte haiM / kucha samaya pazcAt rAnI sulocanA AkAzamArga meM kapotayugala dekha mUrchita ho jAtI hai / yaha ghaTanA prajAvarga ke lie usI prakAra atyanta kaSTadAyaka pratIta hotI hai jaise kor3ha meM khAja ho gaI ho / "yaha saMsAra duHkha svarUpa hai" (bhavasambhavAvanirdurantA) - abhUta sabhAyA manaso'tikampakRttadatra kaSTe'pyatikaSTamiSTahat / yauva kuSThe khalu pAmayA'jani aho durantA bhavasaMbhavAvaniH // 23/20 kavi ne sUktiyoM kA prayoga upadezoM ke aucitya kA pratipAdana karane ke lie bhI kiyA hai - munirAja jayakumAra ko gRhastha dharma kA upadeza dete hue kahate haiM - sajjana ko arthazAstra kA adhyayana karanA cAhie jisase vaha samAja meM pratiSThita jIvana vyatIta kara ske| "nirdhanatA maraNa se bhI bhayaMkara hai" (vyarSatA hi maraNAd bhayaMkarA) - arthazAstramavalokayedRrAT kauzalaM samanubhAvayettarAm / zrIpAsu padavIM vrajetparAM vyarSatA hi maraNAsvayaMDarA // 2/59 manuSya ko Ayurveda kA adhyayana karanA cAhie jisase vaha zarIra ko svasthya rakhate hue sukhI jIvana vyatIta kara sake aura usake hitaiSiyoM kA mana prasanna rahe / "zarIra hI sabhI taraha ke sukhoM kA mUla hai" (iha ajhaM AyaM saukhyasAdhanam) -

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146 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana tAnavaM zrutamupaitu mAnavaH syAnna vartmani mudo'ghasambhavaH / prItamastu ca sahAyinAM mana AyamaGgamiha saukhyasAdhanam // 2 / 56 na ke upavana meM Aye hue muni zrAvaka dharma kA nirUpaNa karate hue jayakumAra se kahate haiM -- prANImAtra kA kalyANa ho aise dayAmaya pariNAma rakhate hue gRhastha ko anna, vastra Adi kA dAna karate rahanA cAhie / "sajjanoM kA vaibhava paropakAra ke liye hI hotA hai" ( satAM rasaH paropakRtaye syAt) - - naSTamastu khalu kaSTamaGginAmevamArdratara bhAvabhaGginA / deyamannavasanAdyanalpazaH syAt paropakRtaye satAM rasaH // 2/99 gRhastha kA kartavya hai ki vaha sarvaprathama aise upAsakAdhyayana ko par3he jisameM apane kula ke anurUpa rIti rivAja kA varNana ho / kyoMki "apane ghara kI jAnakArI na rakhate hue duniyA~ ko khojanA mUrkhatA hai|" (anAtmasadanAvabodhane jagato vizodhane ajJatA syAt) sampaThet prathamato grupAsakAmItigItimucitAtmarItikAm / ajJatA hi jagato vizodhane syAdanAtmasadanAvabodhane // 2 / 45 arkakIrti ke sAtha hone vAle yuddha ke kAraNa rAjA akampana cintita haiM / jayakumAra unheM sAntvanA dete hue kahate haiM -- he vazI ! nItipatha se cyuta hone para bala kA kyA ? nIti ke dvArA hI hAthiyoM ke samUha ko naSTa karane vAlA siMha bhI zabara yA aSTApada ke dvArA zIghra mArA jAtA hai| ataeva " bala kI apekSA nIti hI balavAna hotI hai" (nItiH eva balAd balIyasI) -- nItireva hi balAd balIyasI vikramo'dhvavimukhasya ko vazin / kesarI kariparItikRdrayAddhanyate sa zabareNa helayA // 7/78 nagara ke upavana meM padhAre munirAja ke darzana evaM dharmopadeza zravaNa hetu jayakumAra unake samIpa jAte haiM / ve use samajhAte haiM - binA vicAra kiye sabhI para vizvAsa karanA svayaM kI ThagAnA hai / saba jagaha zaMkA karane vAlA kucha nahIM kara sktaa| isalie buddhimAn vyakti ko soca-vicAra kara kArya karanA caahie| kyoMki "ati sarvatra duHkhadAyI hotI hai" ( ati sarvataH kaSTakRd bhavati ) - vizvavizvasanamAtmavaJcitiH zaGkinaH svidabhidaH kuto gatiH / yogyatAmanucarenmahAmatiH kaSTakRd bhavati sarvato prati // 2/51 manuSya ke hAni-lAbha, mAna-apamAna, jIvana-maraNa, siddhi-asiddhi Adi kI ghaTanAoM

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147 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ke samAdhAna hetu kavi ne karmaphala evaM dharmaphala viSayaka sUktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai - ' svayaMvara maNDapa meM rAjakumArI sulocanA mAlava deza ke adhipati se bhI anurAga nahIM karatI / "jaba daiva viparIta ho jAtA hai taba puruSArtha bhI kAma nahIM krtaa|" (kimu daive viparIte pauruSANi api paruSANi syuH) - nibhRte guNairamuSmin nAbandhamavApa sApaguNadasyuH / kimu daive viparIte paruSANyapi pauruSANi syuH // 6/97 rAjA jayakumAra apanI pUrvabhava kI priyA prabhAvatI ke viSaya meM vicAra kara rahe the ki avadhijJAnarUpI dUta ne Akara unakI AkAMkSA pUrNa kara dI / "pRthvI para puNya ke udaya se abhISTa siddhi svayameva ho jAtI hai|" (jagatyAM sukRtaikasantataH abhISTasiddhiH svayameva jAyateH) tadekasandezamupAharat paramupetya bodho'vadhinAmakazvaraH / aho jagatyAM sukutaikasantaterabhISTasiddhiH svayameva jAyate // 23/35 rAjA jayakumAra aura rAnI sulocanA apane pUrvajanma meM kramazaH hiraNyavarmA aura prabhAvatI the / donoM hI jinadIkSA aMgIkAra kara vana meM tapa kara rahe the / isake pUrva bhava ke. zatru vidyuccora ne jaba donoM ko tapa karate hue dekhA to krodha se unheM jalA diyA / ve samatAbhAva se deha kA parityAga kara svarga gaye / "uttama tapa se manuSya ko uttama phala prApta hotA hai|" (janAH sattapasA maho vrajantu) - etau tapantau samavApya viyucauro ruSA ploSitavAn pareyuH / bhavAntarAriH svaritau ca kintu maho janAH sattapasA vrajantu // 23/70 rAjA jayakumAra kI aneka rAniyA~ thIM phira bhI vaha parijanoM tathA purajanoM ke samakSa rAnI sulocanA ke mastaka para paTTarAnI kA paTTa bA~dhatA hai / "pApa karma kA anta arthAt puNya kA udaya hone para puruSoM ke striyoM ke prati anukUla bhAva hote haiN|" (duritAntakAle ramiNAM ramAsu bhAA bhavanti) - hemAGgadAdiSvadhunA sthiteSu babandha paTTa paTureNa tsyaaH| bhAle vizAle duritAntakAle bhavanti bhAvA ramiNAM ramAsu // 21/82 buddhi Adi kA mahattva pratipAdita karane vAlI sUktiyoM ke dvArA kAryavizeSa meM saphalatA prApti ke prati Azvasta kiyA gayA hai / yathA - samrAT bharata ke putra arkakIrti svayaMvara meM sammilita hone hetu apane mitroM ke sAtha

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148 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana kAzI Ate haiN| ve sabhI kAzI nareza ke prAsAda meM Thaharate haiM aura svayaMvara samAroha ke pUrva rAtri meM vicAra vimarza karate haiM ki aisA kauna sA upAya kiyA jAve jisase sulocanA apane svAmI arkakIrti ke gale meM varamAlA pahanA de / tabhI durmarSaNa kahatA hai - Apa loga bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA smaraNa kareM / maiM aisA upAya karUMgA jisase sulocanA svayaM hI apane svAmI arkakIrti ke gale meM varamAlA pahanA degI / "buddhimAnoM ke lie kauna sA kArya asAdhya hai?" (dhImatAmapi piyA kimasAdhyam) - tatkaromi kila sA sahajenAropavedibhugale tadanenAH / cintayeta purumityabhirAdhyaM dhImatAmapi piyA kimasAvyam // 4/33 sUktiyoM ke dvArA vastusthiti kA samarthana bhI samucita rIti se kiyA gayA hai - jayakumAra dvArA yuddha meM parAjita arkakIrti vicAratA hai ki maiM jayukamAra ko jItanA cAhatA hU~ para jaba vaha Aja yuvAvasthA meM hI mujhase nahIM jItA gayA to phira kaba jItA jA sakegA ? "jaba yauvana meM hI kSayaroga ho jAye to vRddhAvasthA meM usase mukta hokara sukhI hone kI AzA vyartha hai|" (yadi taruNimA kSayado jAyate jarasi kiM punaH sukhAyate) - . yamaya jetumitaH pravicAryate sa jaya Azvapi durjaya Arya te / taruNimA kSayado yadi jAyate jarasi kiM punaratra sukhApate // 9/22 ukta udAharaNoM se yaha tathya bhalI bhA~ti dRSTigata hotA hai ki kavi ne siddhAntoM kI puSTi, mAnava vyavahAra, jIvana aura jagat kI ghaTanAoM ke samAdhAna tathA upadeza aura AcaraNa vizeSa ke aucitya kI siddhi dvArA abhivyakti ko prabhAvazAlI banAne ke lie lokoktiyoM aura sUktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai aura apane uddezya meM AzAtIta saphalatA pAyI hai / lokoktiyoM ne aneka tathyoM ke marma ko ubhAra kara unheM gahana aura tIkSNa banA diyA hai jisase kathana meM marmasparzitA A gaI hai / pAtroM ke cAritrika vaiziSTya kI abhivyakti meM bhI sUktiyA~ bar3I kAragara siddha huI haiM / kahIM prasaMgavaza nIti-vizeSa ke pratipAdana hetu bhI sUktiyA~ prayukta huI haiM / ina sabhI sandarbho meM lokoktiyoM aura sUktiyoM ne abhivyakti ko ramaNIya banAne kA cAmatkArika kArya kiyA hai| m

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aSTama adhyAya rasa dhvani rasAtmakatA kAvya kA prANa hai / rasAnubhUti ke mAdhyama se hI sAmAjikoM ko kartavyAkartavya kA upadeza hRdayaMgama karAyA jA sakatA hai / isIlie kAntAsammita upadeza ko kAvya kA pramukha prayojana mAnA gayA hai / jayodayakAra isa tathya se pUrI taraha avagata the / isIlie unhoMne apane kAvya meM zRMgAra se lekara zAnta taka sabhI rasoM kI manohArI tryaMjanA kI hai / rasa kise kahate haiM ? kAvya yA nATaka meM rasaM kise kahate haiM, isakA vivecana kAvya-zAstriyoM ne bharata ke isa prasiddha sUtra ke AdhAra para kiyA hai : " vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArisaMyogAdrasaniSpattiH" vibhAva, anubhAva tathA vyabhicAribhAvoM ke saMyoga se rasa kI niSpatti hotI hai / isameM rasa kI niSpatti kaise hotI hai, isakA varNana kiyA gayA hai; rasa kise kahate haiM ? isakA nahIM / kintu sAhitya zAstriyoM ne isake AdhAra para rasa kI vibhinna paribhASAyeM kI haiM jinameM abhinava gupta dvArA kI huI paribhASA mAnya huI / use sAhitya darpaNakAra vizvanAtha kavirAja ne sarala zabdoM meM isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai " vibhAvenAnubhAvena vyaktaH saJcAriNA tathA / rasatAmeti ratyAdiH sthAyibhAvaH sacetasAm // " 2 sahRda (kAvya yA nATya kA AsvAdana karane vAle) ke hRdaya meM vAsanA rUpa meM sthita ratyAdi sthAyI bhAva kAvya meM varNita vibhAva, anubhAva evaM vyabhicArI bhAvoM dvArA udbuddha hokara AnandAtmaka anubhUti meM pariNata ho jAtA hai, use hI rasa kahate haiM / arthAt vibhAvAdi ke dvArA vyakta huA sahRdaya sAmAjika kA sthAyibhAva hI AnandAtmaka anubhUti meM pariNata (rasatA ko prApta) ho jAne ke kAraNa rasa kahalAtA hai / - AcArya mammaTa ne rasa kA yahI svarUpa nimnalikhita zabdoM meM pratipAdita kiyA hai "kAraNAnyatha kAryANi sahakArINi yAni ca / ratyAdeH sthAyino loke tAni cenATyakAvyayoH // " 1. nATyazAstra, SaSTha adhyAya 2. sAhitya darpaNa, 3/1

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.150 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana vibhAvA anubhAvAstat kathyante vyabhicAriNaH / vyaktaH sa tairvibhAvAyaiH sthAyIbhAvo rasaH smRtaH // ' - loka meM rati Adi sthAyI bhAvoM ko ubuddha karane vAle jo kAraNa, kArya aura sahakArIkAraNa hote haiM, unakA nATya yA kAvya meM varNana hone para ve kramazaH vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicAribhAva kahalAte haiM / una saba ke yoga se jo (sAmAjika kAvya yA nATya kA pAThaka yA prekSaka kA) sthAyIbhAva vyakta hotA hai vaha rasa kahalAtA hai / rasa sAmagrI isa prakAra kAvya, nATyagata vibhAvAdi tathA sAmAjika kA sthAyIbhAva rasa sAmagrI hai / sAmAjika kA sthAyibhAva rasa kA upAdAna kAraNa hai, kAvya-nATya meM varNita vibhAvAdi nimitta kAraNa haiM / rasa ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie vibhAvAdi ke svarUpa ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| vibhAva rasAnubhUti ke kAraNoM ko vibhAva kahate haiM / ye do prakAra ke hote haiM -- (1) Alambana vibhAva, (2) uddIpana vibhAva / kAvyanATya meM varNita nAyaka-nAyikAdi Alambana vibhAva kahalAte haiM, kyoMki inhIM ke Alambana se sAmAjika kA sthAyIbhAva abhivyakta hokara rasa rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai -- "AlambanaM nAyakAdistamAlambya rasodgamAt" / / ise spaSTa karate hue vizvanAtha kavirAja kahate haiM -- "lokajIvana meM jo sItA Adi, rAma Adi yA rAma Adi, sItA Adi ke rati, hAsa, zoka Adi bhAvoM ko ubuddha karane vAle kAraNa hote haiM, ve hI kAvya aura nATya meM niviSTa hone para "vibhAvyante AsvAdAMkuraprAdurbhAvayogyAH kriyante sAmAjikaratyAdibhAvA ebhiH iti vibhAvAH" (inake dvArA sAmAjika ke ratyAdibhAva AsvAda yogya banAye jAte haiM) isa nirukti ke anusAra vibhAva kahalAte haiN| inameM sAmAjika ke ratyAdi bhAvoM ko ubuddha karane kI yogyatA isalie A jAtI hai ki kAvya-nATya meM ye janakatanayAvirUpa vyaktigata vizeSatAoM se zUnya hokara sAdhAraNIkRta ho jAte haiM / arthAt sAmAnya strI-puruSa ke rUpa meM pratIta hote haiM / 1. kAvyaprakAza, 4/27-28 2. sAhitya darpaNa, 3/29 3. vahI, vRti 4. vahI, vimarza hindI vyAkhyA

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151 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana Alambana aura Azraya zakuntalA ko dekhakara yadi duSyanta kA ratibhAva jAgarita hotA hai to zakuntalA usa rati kA Alambana hai aura duSyanta Azraya / hAsya tathA vIbhatsa rasoM ke prakaraNa meM jahA~ Azraya kA varNana na ho, vahA~ AkSepa dvArA usakI upasthiti mAnanI cAhiye athavA sAmAjika hI laukika hAsa evaM jugupsA tathA alaukika rasAsvAdana donoM kA Azraya ho sakatA hai|' loka jIvana meM jo jyotsnA, udyAna, nadI tIra, zItala pavana, premI-premikA ke hAva-bhAva, zArIrika saundarya Adi ratyAdi bhAva ko uddIpana karate haiM, ve kAvya nATya meM varNita hone para uddIpana vibhAva kahalAte haiM / sAmAjika ke ratyAdi ko ubuddha karane meM inakA bhI yogadAna hotA hai| anubhAva sAhitya darpaNakAra ne anubhAva kA lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAyA hai :-- "ubuddha kAraNaiH svaiH svairbahibhAvaM prakAzayan / loke yaH kAryarUpaH so'nubhAvaH kaavynaattyyoH||"2 - loka meM yathAyogya kAraNoM se strI-puruSoM ke hRdaya meM ubuddha ratyAdi bhAvoM ko bAhara prakAzita karane vAle jo zArIrika vyApAra hote haiM, ve loka meM ratyAdi bhAvoM ke kArya tathA kAvyanATya meM anubhAva kahe jAte haiM / kAvya-nATya meM inakI anubhAva saMjJA isaliye hai ki ye vibhAvoM dvArA rasAsvAda rUpa meM aMkurita kiye gaye sAmAjika ke ratyAdi sthAyibhAva ko rasa rUpa meM pariNata karane kA anubhavana vyApAra karate haiN|' anubhAvoM kI cAra zreNiyA~ haiM :-- (1) cittArambhaka, jaise - hAva-bhAva Adi (2) gAtrArambhaka, jaise - lIlA, vilAsa, vicchitti Adi 1. nanu krodhotsAhabhayazokavismayanirvedeSu prAgudAhRteSu yathAlambanAzrayayoH sampratyayaH na tathA hAse jugupsAyAM * ca / tatrAlambanasyeva pratIteH / padyazrotuzca rasAsvAdAdhikaraNatvena laukikahAsajugupsA- zrayatvAnupapatteH / iti cet satyam / tadAzrayasya dRSTapuruSavizeSasya tatrAkSepyatvAt / tadanAkSepe tu zrotuH svIyakAntAvarNanapadhAdiva rasodbodhe baadhkaamaavaat| - rasagaMgAdhara, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 112-113 2. sAhitya darpaNa, 3/132 3. "anubhAvanamevambhUtasya ratyAdeH samanantarameva rasAdirUpatayA bhAvanam / " sAhityadarpaNa, vRtti 3/132

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. 152 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana (3) vAgArambhaka, jaise- AlApa, vilApa, saMlApa Adi (4) buddhyArambhaka, jaise- rIti, vRtti Adi / ' vyabhicAribhAva loka meM Alambana evaM uddIpaka kAraNoM se ratyAdi bhAva ke udbuddha hone para jo brIDA, capalatA, autsukya, harSa Adi bhAva sAtha meM utpanna hote haiM unheM loka meM sahakArI bhAva tathA kAvya-nATya meM vyabhicAribhAva kahate haiM / inakA dUsarA nAma saMcArI bhAva bhI hai / kAvya - nATya maiM inakI yaha saMjJA isalie hai ki ye vibhAva tathA anubhAvoM dvArA aMkurita evaM pallavita sAmAjika ke ratyAdi sthAyI bhAvoM ko samyak rUpa se puSTa karane kA saMcAraNa vyApAra karate haiM / bharata muni ne inakI saMkhyA 33 batalAI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : nirveda, glAni, zaMkA, asUyA, mada, zrama, Alasya, dainya, cintA, moha, smRti, dhRti brIDA, capalatA, harSa, Avega, jar3atA, garva, viSAda, autsukya, nidrA, apasmAra, supta, vibodha, amarSa, avahitya, ugratA, mati, vyAdhi, unmAda, maraNa, trAsa aura vitarka / sthAyibhAva pUrva meM kahA gayA hai ki vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicAribhAva rasa ke nimitta 'kAraNa haiM, sthAyibhAva upAdAna kAraNa haiM / sthAyIbhAva mana ke bhItara sthAyI rUpa se rahane vAlA prasupta saMskAra hai, jo anukUla Alambana tathA uddIpana rUpa udbodhaka sAmagrI ko prApta kara abhivyakta hotA hai aura hRdaya meM eka apUrva Ananda kA saMcAra kara detA hai / isa sthAyibhAva kI abhivyakti hI rasAsvAdajanaka yA rasyamAna hone se rasa zabda se bodhya hotI hai / vyavahAra dazA meM mAnava ko jisa-jisa prakAra kI anubhUti hotI hai usako dhyAna meM rakhakara ATha prakAra ke sthAyibhAva sAhitya zAstra meM mAne gaye haiM / kAvyaprakAzakAra ne unakI gaNanA isa prakAra kI hai : " ratirhAsazca zokazca krodhotsAho bhayaM tathA / jugupsA vismayazceti sthAyibhAvA prakIrtitAH // "3 1. sAhityadarpaNa vimarza, hindI vyAkhyA, pR0 201 2. "saJcAraNaM tathAbhUtasyaiva tasya samyakcAraNam" - sAhityadarpaNa vRtti 3/13 3. kAvyaprakAza, 4/30

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 153 - rati, hAsa, zoka, krodha, utsAha, bhaya, jugupsA (ghRNA) aura vismaya ye ATha sthAyibhAva kahalAte haiM / inake atirikta nirveda ko bhI nauvA~ sthAyibhAva mAnA gayA hai / kAvyaprakAzakAra ne likhA hai: "nirvedasthAyibhAvo'sti zAnto'pi navamo rsH|" isa prakAra nau sthAyIbhAva aura unake anusAra hI zRMgAra, hAsya, karuNa, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa, adbhuta aura zAnta nau rasa mAne gaye haiM / ye nau sthAyibhAva manuSya ke hRdaya meM sthAyI rUpa se sadA vidyAmAna rahate haiM isalie "sthAyibhAva" kahalAte haiM / sAmAnyarUpa se avyaktAvasthA meM rahate haiM kintu jaba jisa sthAyibhAva ke anukUla vibhAvAdi sAmagrI prApta ho jAtI hai, taba vaha vyakta ho jAtA hai aura rasyamAna, AsvAdhamAna hokara rasarUpatA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| ... isa prakAra vibhAva, anubhAva, vyabhicAribhAva tathA sthAyibhAva ye cAra rasa sAmagrI haiM / kAvya-nATya meM prathama tIna kA saMyoga hone para sahRdaya sAmAjika kA sthAyibhAva ubuddha hokara rasa rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / vibhAvanAdi vyApAra ke kAraNa vibhAvAdi saMjJA uparyukta tattva kAvya-nATya meM vibhAvAdi kyoM kahalAte haiM ? kAraNa yaha hai ki lokagata ratyAdi vibhAvoM ke kAraNa kArya sahakArI tattva kAvya-nATya meM avatarita hote hI vibhAvana, anubhAvana aura saMcAraNa (vyabhicAraNa) kA alaukika vyApAra prArambha kara dete haiN| sAmAjika kI ratyAdi vAsanAoM (sthAyibhAvoM) ko AsvAda rUpa meM aMkurita hone yogya banAnA, vibhAvana vyApAra hai / isa rUpa meM aMkurita vAsanAoM ko tatkAla rasarUpa meM pariNata karanA anubhAvana vyApAra hai / isa taraha aMkurita evaM pallavita ratyAdi vAsanAoM ko samagrarUpa se puSTa karanA saMcAraNa yA vyabhicAraNa vyApAra hai / ina vyApAroM ke kAraNa hI unake vibhAva, anubhAva evaM vyabhicAribhAva nAma haiN| 1. kAvyaprakAza, 4/35 2. (ka) "tatra lokavyavahAre kAryakAraNasahacArAtmakaliMgadarzane sthAyyAtma - paracittavRttyanumAnAbhyAsa eva pATavAdadhunA tairevodhAnakaTAkSadhRtyAdibhilaukikIMkAraNatvAdibhavamatikrAntairvibhAvanAnubhAvanAsamuparaja -katvamAtraprANaiH ataevAlaukikavibhAvAdivyapadezamAgbhiH --------" ___ - abhinavabhAratI, AcArya vizvezvara, pR. 483 (kha) "tatra vibhAvanaM ratyAdevizeSeNAsvAdAMkuraNayogyatAnayanam / anubhAvamevammU tasya ratyAdeH samanantarameva rasAdirUpatayA bhAvanam / saJcAraNaM tathAbhUtasyeva tasya samyak cAraNam / " - sAhityadarpaNa, vRtti, 3/13

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 154 rasotpatti meM tInoM hI kAraNa haiM loka meM ratyAdi bhAvoM ke jo kAraNa, kArya aura vyabhicAri bhAva haiM, rasodbodha meM ve tInoM hI sammilita rUpa se kAraNa haiM / jaisA ki sAhityadarpaNakAra ne kahA hai kAraNakAryasaJcArirUpA api hi lokataH / rasodbodhe vibhAvAdyAH kAraNAnyeva te matAH // ' eka yA do ke ukta hone para zeSa kA AkSepa dvArA yoga yahA~ prazna hai ki yadi vibhAvAdi tInoM kA sammilita rUpa hI rasodbodha meM nimitta hai to aisA kyoM hotA hai ki eka yA do kA varNana hone para hI rasotpatti ho jAtI hai ? samAdhAna yaha hai ki rasotpatti to tInoM ke yoga se hI saMbhava hai| jahA~ vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicAribhAvoM meM se do yA eka hI varNita hoM aura rasodbodha ho rahA ho to yaha samajhanA cAhiye ki prakaraNa vaiziSTya ke kAraNa anya bhI vahA~ dyotita ho rahe haiM aura isa prakAra ve tInoM vahA~ upasthita haiM / udAharaNArtha - dIrghAkSaM zaradindukAntivadanaM bAhU natAvaMsayoH, saMkSiptaM niviDojatastanamuraH pArzve pramRSTe iva / madhyaH pANimito nitambi jaghanaM pAdAvurAlagulI, chando narttayituryathaiva manasi zliSTaM tathAsyA vapuH // yahA~ mAlavikA ke premI agnimitra ne to apanI A~khoM meM utarane vAle mAlavikA ke zArIrika saundarya mAtra kA varNana kiyA hai jo kevala (uddIpana vibhAva kA varNana hai / kintu agnimitra dvArA apanI premikA ke saundarya kA varNana aisA prakaraNa hai jisase isa avasthA meM usameM svabhAvataH vyakta hone vAle autsukyAdi saMcArIbhAvoM tathA netra visphAra Adi anubhAvoM kA vyaMjanA dvArA AkSepa ho jAtA hai| 1. sAhityadarpaNa, 3/14 2. (ka) sadbhAvazcedvibhAvAderdvayorekasya vA bhavet / jhaTityanyasamAkSepe tadA doSo na vidyate // * sAhityadarpaNa, 3/16 (kha) "anyasamAkSepazca prakaraNavazAt " : vahI, vRtti 3. mAlavikAgnimitra, 2/3 4. " atra mAlavikAmabhilaSito agnimitrasya mAlavikArUpavibhAvamAtravarNane'pi saJcAriNAmautsukyAdInAmanubhAvAnAJca nayanavisphArAdInAmaucityAdevAkSepaH evamanyAkSepe'pyUhayam / " - sAhitya darpaNa, 3/6

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana - 155 AcArya mammaTa ne bhI nimnalikhita tIna udAharaNoM dvArA yaha bAta spaSTa kI hai : viyadalimalinAmbugarbhamegha madhukarakokilakUjitairdizAM shriiH| paraNirabhinavAkurAGkarakA praNatipare dayite prasIda mugdhe // isa padya meM kevala nAyaka-nAyikA rUpa Alambana vibhAva evaM varSA Rtu ke megharUpa uddIpana vibhAva kA varNana hai / kintu ye nAyaka-nAyikA ke ratibhAva ko dhotita karane vAle asAdhAraNa liMga haiM / ataH inase isa avasthA meM usameM svabhAvataH vyakta hone vAle anubhAvoM evaM vyabhicAribhAvoM kA vyaMjanA dvArA AkSepa ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra - parimRditamRNAlImlAnamaGgaM pravRttiH, kapamapi parivAramArthanAbhiH kriyAsu / kalayati ca himAMzornikalasya lakSmI maminavakaridantacchedakAntaH kpolH|| yahAM viyoginI nAyikA ke kevala anubhAvoM (aMgamlAna, pANDutA Adi) kA varNana hai, kintu usase nAyikA ke rati bhAva kA jJApana hotA hai / ataH rati bhAva se anivAryataH sambaddha nAyaka rUpa Alambana vibhAva evaM uddIpana vibhAvoM kA tathA isa avasthA meM nAyikA meM svabhAvataH prakaTa hone vAle vyabhicAribhAvoM kA varNita anubhAvoM se vyaMjanA dvArA AkSepa ho jAtA hai| dUrAdutsukamAgate vivalitaM sambhASiNi sphAritaM, saMzitavyatyaruNaM gRhItavasane kiMcAJcitabhUlatam / mAninyAzcaraNAnati vyatikare kAmAmnu pUrNakSaNaM, bAtamaho prapaJca caturaM jAtAgasi preyasi // isa padya meM nAyikA ke kevala autsukya, brIr3A Adi vyabhicAribhAvoM kA varNana hai, kintu ye bhI ratibhAva ke asAdhAraNa liMga haiM / ataH ratibhAva se anivAryataH sambaddha evaM anubhAvoM kA isase vyaMjanA dvArA AkSepa ho jAtA hai / ise spaSTa karate hue AcArya mammaTa kahate haiM - "yadhapi vibhAvAnAm, anubhAvAnAm, autsukyabrIDAharSakopAsUyAprasAdAnAM ca vyabhicAriNAM kevalAnAmatra sthitiH tathApyateSAmasAdhAraNatvamityanyatamadvayAkSepakatve sati nAnaikAntikatvamiti / "" . .. .. . 1. kAvyaprakAza, 4/28 kI vRtti

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana yadyapi yahA~ (ina tInoM zlokoM meM se pahale zloka meM mugdhA dayitA rUpa Alambana aura varSA rUpa uddIpana vibhAvoM kI, (dUsare zloka meM aMgamlAni Adi) anubhAvoM kI aura ( tIsare zloka meM ) autsukya, lajjA, prasannatA, kopa, asUyA tathA prasAda rUpa kevala vyabhicAri bhAvoM kI hI sthiti hai / phira bhI inake ( prakRta rati ke bodha meM) asAdhAraNa ( liMga ) hone se unake dvArA zeSa do kA AkSepa ho jAne para (vibhAva Adi tInoM ke saMyoga se rasaniSpatti ke siddhAnta kA ) vyabhicAra nahIM hotA hai| vibhAvAdi ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa se rasotpatti 156 yahA~ eka mahattvapUrNa prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kAvya meM varNita jo sItAdi pAtra rAmAdi pAtroM ke ratyAdi vibhAvoM ke udbodhaka haiM, ve sAmAjika ke ratyAdi bhAvoM ke udbodhaka kaise bana jAte haiM ? ' isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki kAvya-nATya meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa nAma kI zakti hotI hai, usase vibhAvAdi kA sAdhAraNIkaraNa ho jAtA hai aura vibhAvAdi ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa se sAmAjika ke sthAyibhAva kA sAdhAraNIkaraNa hotA hai / sAdhAraNIkaraNa se abhiprAya yaha hai ki kAvya-nATya varNita rAma-sItAdi pAtra apanI rAma sItAdi rUpa vizeSatAyeM chor3akara sAmAnya strI-puruSa ke rUpa meM upasthita hote haiN| aMtaH unake ratyAdi bhAva, anubhAva evaM saMcArI bhAva bhI sAmAnya strI-puruSa ke bhAvoM meM parivartita ho jAte haiM / isase sAmAjika bhI apanA vyaktigata viziSTa rUpa chor3akara strI yA puruSa mAtra raha jAtA hai| arthAt kAvya-nATya ke pAtra tathA unakA sAkSAtkAra karane vAlA sAmAjika donoM apanI vaiyaktikatA se mukta hokara strI-puruSa mAtra raha jAte haiN| phalasvarUpa unake ratyAdi bhAva bhI vaiyaktikatA se rahita hokara ratyAdi bhAva mAtra zeSa rahate haiN| ise hI sAdhAraMNIkaraNa kahate haiN| isa sAdhAraNIkaraNa ke hone para kAvya-nATya ke sItAdi pAtra, sAmAjika kI ratyAdi ke udbodhaka ho jAte haiM / yahI unakA vibhAvanAdi vyApAra hai / DaoN0 nagendra ne ise rAmacarita mAnasa (bAlakANDa dohA 226-231) se janakavATikA meM gaurIpUjana ke liye AyI huI sItAjI ke prati rAma ke mana . meM utpanna hue ratibhAva kA udAharaNa dekara isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai - 1. nanu kathaM rAmAdiratyAdyudbodhakAraNaiH sItAdibhiH sAmAjikaratyAdyudbodha ityucyate ? - sAhityadarpaNa, vRtti 3/9 2. "bhAvakatvaM sAdhAraNIkaraNam / tena hI vyApAreNa vibhAvAdayaH sthAyI ca sAdhAraNIkriyante / sAdhAraNIkaraNaM caitadeva yatsItAdivizeSANAM kAminItvAdisAmAnyeno pasthitiH / sthAyyanubhAvAdInAM ca sambandhivizeSAnavacchinatvena / " kAvyAkAza, TIkAkAra - govinda Thakura, "rasasiddhAnta" pRSTha 197 se uddhRta /

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158 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ___"yahAM rAma Azraya hai, sItA Alambana hai, vAsantI vaibhava se samRddha janakavATikA uddIpara hai, rAma ke pulaka Adi anubhAva haiM, rati sthAyI hai aura harSa, vitarka, mati Adi saMcArI bhAva haiN|" ___ uparyukta vyAkhyA ke anusAra prastuta prasaMga kI rasAsvAdana prakriyA meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa ho jAtA hai / Azraya rAma ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa kA artha hai ki ve rAma na raha kara rati mugdha sAmAnya puruSa bana jAte haiM -- unake deza aura kAla tathA unase anubaddha vaiziSTya tirobhUta ho jAte haiM aura nArI ke saundarya se abhibhUta sAmAnya kizora mana ubhara kara sAmane A jAtA hai| Alambana sItA ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa kA Azaya bhI bahuta kucha aisA hI hai / arthAt unakA bhI deza, kAlAvacchinna vaiziSTya samApta ho jAtA hai aura sAmAnya rUpa zeSa raha jAtA hai / anubhava ke sAdhAraNIkaraNa se abhiprAya yaha hai ki rAma kI ceSTAyeM rAma se sambaddha na rahakara sAmAnya mugdha puruSa kI ceSTAyeM bana jAtI haiM / isI prakAra ratyAdi sthAyibhAva aura harSa, vitarka Adi saMcArI bhAva bhI eka ora rAma, sItA se aura dUsarI ora sahRdaya tathA usake Alambana se sambaddha nahIM raha jAte, ve vaiyaktika rAga-dveSa se mukta ho jAte haiN| uparyukta prasaMga meM jo rati sthAyi bhAva hai vaha na rAma kI sItA ke prati rati hai, na sahRdaya kI sItA ke prati aura na sahRdaya kI apane praNayapAtra ke prati / yaha to nirmukta ratibhAva hai jisameM sva-para kI cetanA nizzeSa ho cukI hai / mUlataH yaha sahRdaya kA hI sthAyI bhAva hai, parantu sAdhAraNIkaraNa ke kAraNa vyakti cetanA se nirmukta ho gayA hai / isa prakAra rasa ke avayavoM meM jo mUrta hai ve vizeSa se sAmAnya bana jAte haiM aura jo amUrtabhAva rUpa haiM ve vyakti saMsargoM se mukta ho jAte hai- vibhAvoM kI dezakAla ke bandhana se mukti hotI hai aura bhAvoM kI sva-para kI cetanA se|' rasotpatti sahadaya sAmAjika ko hI isa tathya ko spaSTa karate hue AlaMkArika dharmadatta kahate haiM :- . sapAsanAnAM sammAna rasasyAsvAdanaM bhavet / .... nipasinAstu sAntaH kaakpaashmsvimaaH|| - rasa kA svAda unhIM sAmAjikoM ko hotA hai jina ke hRdaya meM ratyAdi vAsanAe~ / vidyamAna haiN| jinameM vAsanA hI nahIM, unheM rasAsvAda kaise saMbhava hai ? aise loga to raMgazAlA ke stambha, dIvAra aura pASANa ke samAna hai| 1. rasa siddhAnta, pRSTha 198-199 2. sAhityadarpaNa, 3/8 se uddhRta

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158 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana rasa saMkhyA kAvyazAstriyoM ne nau sthAyibhAvoM ke anurUpa nau hI rasa mAne haiM -- zRMgAra, hAsya, karuNa, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa, adbhuta aura zAnta / ina rasoM ke atirikta kucha loga bhaktirasa' evaM vAtsalyarasa ko bhI rasa meM parigaNita karate haiM / para inakA AdhArabhUta maulika sthAyibhAva na hone se inheM rasa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / Izvara, mAtA-pitA evaM guru varga ke prati rati hI bhakti kahalAtI hai tathA bar3oM kI choToM ke prati rati yA sneha ko vAtsalya kahate haiM / mAnava mana meM bhakti kA prAdurbhAva sAmAjika paristhitiyoM se loka-paramparA ke anusAra hotA hai / isameM zraddhA aura sneha kA sammizraNa hotA hai / ataH bhakti kA eka nizcita sthAyibhAva na hone se yaha rasa nahIM hai / sAhitya-zAstra meM devatA viSayaka rati ko "bhAva" kahA jAtA hai, rasa nahIM / isI prakAra bar3oM kA choToM ke prati vAtsalya rati kA hI rUpAntara hai / alaga tAttvika mUla sthAyibhAva nahIM hai / isaliye sAhityazAstriyoM ne bhakti evaM vAtsalya ko rasa nahIM mAnA hai apitu unakI gaNanA bhAvoM meM kI hai / ataH sAhitya-zAstra ke anusAra bhakti evaM vAtsalya ko bhAva mAnanA hI ucita hai, rasa nahIM / ____ isa prakAra rasa nau hI haiM, dasa yA gyAraha nahIM / jayodaya meM rasa jayodaya meM zRMgAra, hAsya, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka evaM vIbhatsa rasa kI prabhAvazAlI vyaMjanA huI hai / inameM zAntarasa kAvya kA aMgIrasa hai, zeSa rasa usake aMgabhUta haiM / zRMgArarasa . kAvya-nATya meM varNita uttama prakRti ke paramparAnurakta yuvaka-yuvatiyoM kI anurAgamaya ceSTAoM kA sAkSAtkAra karane se sAmAjika kA jo ratibhAva udbuddha hokara AnandAtmaka anubhati meM pariNata ho jAtA hai vaha zRMgAra rasa kahalAtA hai / zRMgAra rasa kI do avasthAyeM hotI haiM - saMbhoga aura vipralambha / ' ina donoM avasthAoM meM samAna rUpa se vidyamAna 1. brahmAnando bhavedeSa cet parArddhaguNIkRtaH / netibhaktiH sukhAmbhodheH paramANutulAmapi / / 19 ____spasvAmI bhaktirasAmRtasindhupUrvavibhAge prathamA, sAmAnya bhakti laharI / 2. sAhitya darpaNa, 3/251-254 kA pUrvArddha 3. nATyazAstra, SaSTha adhyAya 4. nATyazAstra, SaSTha adhyAya

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 159 nAyikAdiMgata rati ke nimitta se AsvAdyamAna ho jAne vAlI sAmAjika kI rati zRMgAra hai|' jayodaya meM svayaMvarotsava, vivAhotsava, suratakrIr3A, bihAra, pAna-goSThI Adi ke sandarbha meM sambhoga - zRMgAra kI sundara vyaMjanA huI hai / 1 svayaMvara sabhA meM nAyikA sulocanA svayaMvaraNa ke lie rAjAoM kA nirIkSaNa karatI hai / kramazaH eka eka rAjA ko dekhatI hai aura Age bar3ha jAtI hai / jaba jayakumAra ke samIpa pahu~catI hai to usake rUpasaundarya ko dekhakara mugdha ho jAtI hai| hRdaya meM usake prati anurAga umar3a AtA hai / vaha varamAlA pahanAnA cAhatI hai kintu nArI sulabha lajjA use saMkucita karatI hai / usake netra bhI bAra-bAra jayakumAra kI rUpasudhA kA pAna karane ke liye Upara uThate haiN| kintu lajjA ke vazIbhUta ho jhuka jAte haiM / antataH lajjA parAjita ho jAtI hai aura kAma vijayI hotA hai / sulocanA apalaka netroM se jayakumAra kA mukha nihArane lagatI hai| jayakumAra bhI sarAgabhAva se sulocanA kI A~khoM meM A~kheM DAla detA hai aura ve apane hRdgata anurAga kA AdAna-pradAna karane lagate haiN| sakhI kI preraNA se sulocanA kA~pate hue hAthoM se jayakumAra ke gale meM varamAlA pahanA detI hai taba jayakumAra ke sparza se sulocanA kI deha romAMcita ho uThatI hai mAnoM vara kI zobhA dekhane ke liye roma-roma uThakara khar3A ho gayA ho / yahA~ zRMgAra ke Alambana, uddIpana vibhAvoM, anubhAvoM aura vyabhicArI bhAvoM ke svAbhAvika varNana se zRMgAra rasa chalaka chalaka par3atA hai / udAharaNa draSTavya hai - hRdgatamasyA dayitaM na tu prayAtuM zazAka sahasA'kSi / samyak kRtastadAnIM tayA'kSNilajjeti janasAkSI || 6 / 118 bhUyo virarAma karaH priyonmukhaH san khaganvitastasyAH / pratyAyayau dRganto'pyardhapathAccapalatA''lasyAt // 6/119 tasyorasi kamprakarA mAlAM bAlA lilekha natavadanA / AtmAGgIkaraNAkSaramAlAmiva nizcalAmadhunA // 6 / 123 sampulakitAGgayaSTerudgrIvANIva romANi 1. abhinavabhAratI, pRSTha 543 bAlabhAvAdvarazriyaM rejire tAni / draSTumutkAni // 6/124

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160 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana jaba jayakumAra aura sulocanA ko vivAha maNDapa meM lAyA jAtA hai taba ve eka dUsare ko satRSNa bhAva se dekhate haiM, vArtAlApa karate haiM aura Anandita hote haiM / yahA~ sulocanA ke rUpasaundara aura premI-yugala ke rasAtmaka anubhAvoM ke varNana se zRMgAra-rasa kI dhArA pravAhita hotI hai| taralAyatavartirAgatA sA'bhavadavasmaradIpikA svabhAsA / abhibhUtatamAH samA janAnAM kimiva snehamiti svayaM dadhAnA // 10/114 dRk tasya cAyAtsmaradIpikAyAM samantataH samprati bhAsurAyAm / drutaM patajhAvaliktadazA : nupoginI nUnamanAsamant // 10/115 abhavadapi parasparaprasAdaH punarubhayoriha toSapoSavAdaH / upasi diganurAgiNIti pUrvA ravirapihATavapurvido vidurgaa||10/116 nandIzvaraM sampati devadeva pikAinA cUtakasUtameva / vasvaukasArAmivAna sAmIkRtyAzu santaM mumude mRgAlI // 10/117 adhyAtmaviyAmiva bhavyavRndA, sarojarAji madhurAM milindaH / prItyA papI so'pi takAM sugaura gAtrI vA candrakalAM ckorH|| 10/118 - caMcala evaM vizAla netroM vAlI sulocanA jyoM hI maNDapa meM praviSTa huI tyoM hI usakI kAnti se maNDapa jagamagA uThA / saundarya kI rAzi sulocanA darzakoM ke lie kAmadeva kI dIpikA sI pratIta huI / jayakumAra kI dRSTi sulocanA para par3I aura usake aMgoM se isa prakAra lipaTa gaI jaise dIpaka para pataMgoM kA samUha lipaTa jAtA hai| ve eka dUsare ko dekhane lage / sulocanA jayakumAra ko dekhakara isa prakAra prasanna huI jaise nandIzvara ko dekhakara indra prasanna hotA hai, ApramaMjarI ko dekhakara koyala aura sUrya ko dekhakara kamalinI / jaise mukti ke abhilASI adhyAtmavidyA ko, bhramara kamalapaMkti ko tathA cakora candrakalA ko prema se pIte hai; usI prakAra jayakumAra ne manoharAMgI sulocanA ko prema se pAna kiyaa|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana hAsyarasa hAsyotpAdaka vibhAvoM, anubhAvoM evaM vyabhicAribhAvoM ke varNana se hAsya-rasa kI abhivyaMjanA hotI hai / jayodaya meM hAsyarasa kI sRSTi do sthaloM para huI hai / kAzI nagarI meM jayakumAra kI bArAta nikalatI hai to vahA~ kI striyA~ jayakumAra ko dekhane ke lie itanI utAvalI ho jAtI haiM ki jaldI-jaldI meM ve ulTA-sIdhA zRMgAra kara letI haiM aura AbhUSaNa bhI ulTe-sIdhe pahana letI haiM / koI strI kastUrI kA lepa lalATa para na kara A~kha meM kara letI hai, koI aMjana ko A~kha ke badale kapola para A~ja letI hai aura koI hAra ko gale meM na pahana kara kamara meM bA~dha letI hai / nAriyoM kA yaha zRMgAraviparyaya hAsyarasa kI vyaMjanA kA hetu bana gayA hai - . dRzi caiNamadaH kapolake janakaM hAralatAbalagnake / razanA tu gale'valAsviti rayasambodhakarI paristhitiH // 10/59 sulocanA ke vivAha meM paMktibhoja ke avasara para bArAtiyoM aura bhojana parosane vAlI striyoM ke bIca jo hAsa-parihAsa hotA hai, vaha bhI hAsyarasa kA vyaMjaka hai / kisI bArAtI yuvaka ne bhojana parosane vAlI eka yuvatI se kahA hai - "maiM tere sammukha pyAsA huuN"| yuvatI isakA abhiprAya nahIM samajhI aura jala kA kalaza uThA kara le AyI / yuvatI kA yaha bholApana hAsyarasa kI jhar3I lagA detA hai / dekhie - taba sammukhamasyahaM pipAsuH sudatItvaM gaditApi mugdhikAzu / katI samupAharatu yAvat smitapumeriyamaJcitApi tAvat / 12/119 rokharasa nAyakAdi ke krodha ko prabuddha evaM uddIpana karane vAle kAraNoM aura usakI kruddha dazA ke varNana se raudrarasa kI abhivyakti hotI hai / jayodaya ke sAtaveM sarga meM raudra rasa kI abhivyaMjanA huI hai| jaba nAyikA sulocanA svayaMvara sabhA meM upasthita aneka rAjakumAroM ko chor3akara jayakumAra kA varaNa kara letI hai . to durmarSaNa ise apane svAmI arkakIrti kA apamAna samajha letA hai / vaha arkakIrti ko jayakumAra ke prati uttejita karatA hai / pariNAmasvarUpa vaha sulocanA ke pati jayakumAra evaM

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162 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana pitA akampana ke prati krodha se prajvalita ho uThatA hai / usakI kruddha dazA ke varNana se raudrarasa kI abhivyakti huI hai * kalyAM samAkalayyagrAmenAM bharatanandanaH / raktanetro javAdeva babhUva kSIvatAM gataH // 7/17 || dahanasya prayogeNa tasyetthaM dAruNeGgitaH / dagdhazcakrito vyaktA aGgArA hi tato giraH // 7/18 // aho pratyetyayaM mUDha Atmano'kampanAbhidhAm / nAvaiti kintu me kopaM bhUbhRtAM kampakAraNam // 7/20 // gADhamuSTira khaGgaH kavalopasaMhArakaH / sampratyarthI ca bhUbhAge hIyAt sattvamitaH kutaH // 7/21 // rAjJAmAjJAvazo'vazyaM vazyo'yaM bho punaH svayam / nAzaM kAzIprabhoH kRtvA kanyAM dhanyAmihAnayet // 7/22 // - - durmarSaNa kI vANIrUpa teja madirA kA pAna kara arkakIrti ke netra lAla ho gye| usakI vAkrUpa agni ke kAraNa arkakIrti dhadhaka uThA / dhadhakane ke kAraNa usake mukha se aMgAravat vacana nikalane lage / vaha bolA yaha mUrkha akampana apane nAma para vizvAsa karatA hai, kintu mere krodha ko nahIM jAnatA, jo parvata se acala rAjAoM ko kaMpita karatA hai| yaha merA khaDga sudRr3ha muSTi vAlA hai, yaha yamarAja kI zakti kI bhI cintA nahIM karatA phira isa pRthvI para koI zatru kaise jIvita raha sakatA hai ? merI yaha talavAra mere vaza meM hai tathA rAjAoM ko mere AdhIna karane vAlI hai / isaliye yaha svayaM hI kAzI nareza akampana kA nAzakara bhAgyazAlinI kanyA sulocanA ko mere pAsa le AvegI / vIrarasa utsAha se paripUrNa nAyakAdi unake utsAha ko bar3hAne vAle kAraNoM tathA utsAha ko abhivyakta karane vAle anubhAvoM aura vyabhicArI bhAvoM ke varNana se vIrarasa kI abhivyakti hotI hai| jayodaya meM yuddha ke sandarbha meM vIrarasa kI vyaMjanA huI hai| jaba jayakumAra ko dUta dvArA yaha samAcAra milatA hai ki arkakIrti yuddha karane kA haTha chor3ane ke liye taiyAra nahIM

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 163 hai to vaha rAjA akampana se kahatA hai- he rAjan ! sAMpa AyA, sAMpa AyA "yaha sunakara loga bhale hI Azcarya meM par3a jAyeM, kintu vaha garur3a ke muMha meM kamala kI nAla ke samAna komala hotA hai)" (arthAt Apa loga bhale hI arkakIrti se DareM, para maiM nahIM DaratA ) aba cintA karane se kyA lAbha ? Apa to sAvadhAnIpUrvaka sulocanA kI rakSA kreN| usa duSTa bandara ( arkakIrti) ko bA~dhakara zIghra hI Apake samakSa upasthita karUMgA / Apako cintA ho sakatI hai ki mere pAsa sainyabala nahIM hai, para Apa yaha smaraNa rakheM ki bala kI apekSA nIti hI balavAn hotI hai| hAthiyoM ko naSTa karane vAlA siMha bhI aSTApada kI nIti ke bala para zIghra hI mArA jAtA hai| isa prakAra kahate hue jayakumAra Aveza se bhara gayA aura yuddha ke lie taiyAra ho gyaa| kavi ke zabda isa prakAra haiM - pannago'yamiha pannago'ntare ityavAptabahuvismayAH pare / santu kintu sa patatpateralamAsya utpalamRNAlapezalaH // 7/75 // kiM phalaM vimalazIla zocanAdrakSa sAkSikatayA sulocanAm / taM balImukhabalaM balairalaM pAzabaddhamadhunekSatAM khalam // 7/77 // nItireva hi balAd balIyasI vikramo'dhvavimukhasya ko vazin / kesarI kariparItikRdrayAdvanyate sa zabareNa helayA // 7/78 // saMprayuktamRdusUktamuktayA padmayeva kurubhUmibhuktayA / saMvRtaH zramamuSA ruSA rayAccakSuSi prakaTitAnurAgayA || 7/82 // yahA~ jayakumAra ke yuddhotsAha ko vyakta karane vAle vIratApUrNa vacana sAmAjika ke utsAha ko udbuddha kara use vIrarasa kI anubhUti karAte haiM / bhayAnakarasa bhayotpAdaka vibhAvoM tathA bhaya vyaMjaka anubhAvoM aura vyabhicArI bhAvoM kA varNana kara kavi bhayAnakarasa kI anubhUti karAtA hai / jayodaya meM bhayAnaka rasa kA yaha prakaraNa atyanta prabhAvazAlI hai / yuddhasthala meM yoddhAoM ke vidIrNa vakSasthala se motiyoM ke hAra TUTa kara gira jAte haiN| una hAroM ke bikhare motI rakta se lathapatha ho jAte haiM, jo yamarAja ke dA~toM ke samAna dikhAyI dete haiM / usa yuddha bhUmi meM eka yoddhA ne Aveza ke sAtha apane pratipakSI yoddhA kA sira kATa DAlA jo tejI se AkAza meM uchlaa| vaha nIce girane hI vAlA thA ki vahA~ sthita kinnariyA~ usa sira ko

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164 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana dekhakara yaha samajhIM ki yaha hamAre mukhacandra ko grasane ke lie rAhU A rahA hai, aura ve bhayabhIta ho gaIM - mitrebhyaH ArAtpatitA vikIrNA vakSaHsthalebhyo mRduhAracArAH 1 saraktavAntA dazanA ivAbhuH paretarAjo'tha yakaistatA bhUH // 8/30 vilUnamanyasya ziraH sajoSaM protpattya khAtsaMpatadiSTapoSam / kakoDupe kimpuruSAGganAbhiH klRptAvalokyAtha ca rAhuNA bhIH || 8 / 34 || yahA~ yuddha kI bhayAnakatA kA varNana hai jisase sahRdaya kA "bhaya" sthAyi bhAva abhivyakta hokara bhayAnakarasa ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / vIbhatsarasa ahRdya, apriya aura aniSTa padArthoM ke varNana se vIbhatsarasa kI sRSTi hotI hai / jayodaya meM kavi ne jayakumAra aura arkakIrti ke yuddhoparAnta raNabhUmi ke jugupsotpAdaka dRzya kA varNana kara vIbhatsarasa kI anubhUti karAI hai - aprANakaiH prANabhRtAM pratIkairamAni cAjiH pratatA satIkaiH / abhISTasaMbhAraktI vizAlA'sau vizvasraSTuH khalu zilpazAlA // 8/37 // pitsatsapakSAH pizitAzanAyAyAntastadAnIM samarorvarAyAm / carAzca pUtkAraparAH zavAnAM prANA ivAbhuH paritaH pratAnAH // 8/39 // - yuddha bhUmi yoddhAoM ke kaTe hue mastaka, hAtha, paira Adi avayavoM se AkIrNa ho gaI / vaha aisI pratIta hotI thI mAnoM vizvakarmA kI zilpazAlA ho / giddhoM kA samUha mRtakoM kA mAMsa khAne ke lie TUTa par3a rahA thA / paMkha phar3aphar3Ate hue giddha aise lagate the jaise yoddhAoM ke phUtkArapUrvaka nikalate huA prANa hoM / zAntarasa kA svarUpa bharata muni ne nATyazAstra meM zAntarasa kA lakSaNa isa prakAra nirUpita kiyA hai "atha zAnto nAma zamasthAyibhAvAtmako mokSapravartakaH / " " arthAt AsvAdya avasthA ko prApta zama sthAyibhAva zAntarasa kahalAtA hai / vaha mokSa kI ora le jAne vAlA hai / 1. nATyazAstra, SaTha adhyAya

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165 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana zAntarasa ke svarUpa ko aura spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM - "yatra na duHkhaM na sukhaM dveSo nApi ca matsaraH / samaH sarveSu bhUteSu sa zAntaH prapato rasaH // "" jaba na duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai, na sukha kI, na dveSa kI; na IrSyA kI; apitu samasta prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva kI anubhUti hotI hai, usa avasthA kA nAma zAntarasa hai / kAvyAnuzAsanakAra AcArya hemacandra ne zAntarasa kA svarUpa isa prakAra nirUpita kiyA hai - "vairAgyAdivibhAvastRSNAkSayarUpaH zamaH sthAyibhAvazcarvaNAM prAptaH zAnto rsH|" vairAgyAdi vibhAvoM ke nimitta se carvaNA (AsvAda) ko prApta tRSNAkSayarUpa "zama" sthAyibhAva zAntarasa kahalAtA hai / zAntarasa ke vibhAva tattvajJAna, vairAgya, cittazuddhi Adi zAntarasa ke vibhAva haiM, jaisA ki bharata muni ne kahA hai : "sa tu tattvajJAnavairAgyAzayazupyAdibhAvaH smutpyte|" kAvyAnuzAsanakAra hemacandra ne vairAgya, saMsArabhIrutA, tattvajJAna, vItarAgaparizIlana, paramezvarAnugrahAdi ko zAntarasa kA vibhAva batalAyA hai - __ "vairAgyasaMsArabhIrutAtattvajJAnavItarAgaparizIlanaparamezvarAnugrahAdivibhAvo yamaniyamAcyAtmazAstracintanAyanubhAvo bhRtismRtinirvedamatyAdivyabhicArI tRSNAkSayarUpaH zamaH sthAyibhAvazcarvaNAM prAptaH zAnto rsH|" nATyadarpaNakAra bhI uparyukta tattvoM ko hI zAntarasa kA vibhAva mAnate haiM - "saMsArabhavavairAgyatattvazAstravimarzanaH / zAnto'minayanaM tasya kSamA pAnopakArataH" / devamanuSyanArakatiryagrUpeNa bahudhA parizramaNaM saMsAraH, tasmAd bhayam / vairAgyaM vissyvmukhym| tatvasya jIvAjIvapuNyapApAdirUpapadArSazAstrasya mokSahetupratipAdakasya vimarzanaM punaH punazvetasi 1. nATyazAstra, SaTha adhyAya 2. kAvyAnuzAsana 3. nATyazAstra, SaSTha adhyAya 4. kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/16

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana nyasanam / evamAdibhirvibhAvaiH kAmakrodhalobhamAnamAyAyanuparaktato paronmukhatA vivarjitAkliSTacetopazamasthAyizAnto raso bhvtiH|' . arthAt deva, manuSya, nAraka aura tiryaMca ke rUpa meM nirantara paribhramaNa karanA saMsAra kahalAtA hai / usase bhaya honA saMsArabhaya hai / viSayoM se vimukha ho jAnA vairAgya hai / jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa Adi tattvoM kA tathA mokSamArga ke pratipAdaka zAstra kA bAra-bAra cintana karanA tattvazAstra kA vimarzana hai / ina vibhAvoM se jaba kAma, krodha, lobha, mAna, mAyA Adi se rahita svAtmonmukha klezarahita cittarUpa "zama" sthAyibhAva carvaNA ko prApta hotA hai, taba vaha zAntarasa kahalAtA hai / isaprakAra tattvajJAna, vairAgya, saMsArabhaya, cittazuddhi Adi zAntarasa ke vibhAva haiM, .. zAntarasa ke anubhAva bharata muni ke anusAra yama, niyama, adhyAtmadhyAna, dhAraNA, upAsanA, sarvabhUtadayA, saMnyAsadhAraNa Adi zAntarasa ke anubhAva haiM - "tasya yamaniyamAdhyAtmadhyAnapAraNopAsanasarvabhUtadayAliGgagrahaNAdibhiranubhAvarabhinayaH prayoktavyaH / " kAvyAnuzAsanakAra AcArya hemacandra adhyAtmazAstra cintana ko bhI zAntarasa kA anubhAva mAnate haiN| zAntarasa ke vyabhicAribhAva nirveda, smRti, dhRti, zauca, stambha, romAMca Adi zAntarasa ke vyabhicAribhAva haiM - ___ "vybhicaarinnshcaaspnirved-smRti-dhRti-shauc-stmbh-romaanycaadyH|" zAntarasa sattAviSayaka vivAda zAntarasa kI sthiti ke viSaya meM na kevala Adhunika vidvAnoM meM kintu prAcIna vidvAnoM meM bhI matabheda pAyA jAtA hai / isa matabheda kA mukhya AdhAra bharatamuni kA "aSTau nATye rasAH smRtAH" yaha zloka hai / bharata ke isI vacana ke AdhAra para prAcIna AcAryoM meM mahAkavi kAlidAsa, amarasiMha, bhAmaha aura daNDI Adi ne bhI nATya ke ATha hI rasoM kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA zAntarasa kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA hai / isake viparIta udbhaTa, 1. nATyadarpaNa, tRtIya viveka 2. nATyazAstra, SaSTha adhyAya 3. nATyazAstra, SaSTha adhyAya

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 167 Anandavardhana tathA abhinavagupta ne spaSTarUpa se zAntarasa kA pratipAdana kiyA bar3audA se prakAzita "abhinavabhAratI" vyAkhyA se yukta bharata nATyazAstra ke dvitIya saMskaraNa ke sampAdaka zrI rAmasvAmI zAstrI ziromaNi ne likhA hai ki zAntarasa kI sthApanA sabase pahale bharata nATyazAstra ke TIkAkAra udbhaTa ne apane "kAvyAlaMkAra saMgraha " nAmaka grantha meM kI hai / usake bAda Anandavardhana tathA abhinavagupta Adi ne usakA samarthana kiyA hai / udbhaTa ke pahale zAntarasa kI koI sattA nahIM mAnI jAtI thI / bharata nATyazAstra ke chaThe adhyAya meM bhI zAntarasa kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai, parantu usake virodha meM ukta sampAdaka mahodaya kA mata hai ki vaha prakSipta yA bAda kA bar3hAyA huA hai / isa aMza ko prakSipta mAnane ke liye unhoMne do hetu diye haiM / pahilA hetu to yaha hai ki bharata muni ne pahile to ATha hI rasoM kA ullekha kiyA hai taba bAda meM navama rasa kA varNana unake grantha meM nahIM honA cAhie thA, ataH yaha aMza prakSipta hai / unakI dUsarI ukti yaha hai ki zAntarasa vAlA yaha prakaraNa " nATya zAstra" kI kucha pANDulipiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / isaliye ve usako prakSipta mAnate haiM aura zAntarasa kI sattA na mAnanevAle pakSa ke samarthaka haiN| prAcIna AcAryoM meM zAntarasa ke sabase prabala virodhI dazarUpakakAra dhanaJjaya evaM unake TIkAkAra adhika haiM / unhoMne dazarUpaka tathA usakI TIkA donoM meM bar3I praur3hatA se zAntarasa kA khaNDana kiyA hai / zAntarasa kI sattA ke virodha meM jo tarka diye jAte haiM, unameM pramukha do haiM : (1) zAntarasa usa avasthA kA nAma hai jahA~ na duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai, na sukha kA, na koI cintA hotI hai, na rAga aura na dveSa, na koI icchA / samasta padArthoM ke prati samaloSTAzmakAJcanavat samabhAva kA anubhava hotA hai| isa avasthA kA anubhava kevala paramAtma svarUpa prAptirUpa mokSadazA meM hI ho sakatA hai, jisameM vyabhicArI Adi bhAvoM kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai taba isa avasthA ko rasa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ?" (2) dhanaJjaya evaM dhanika kA kathana hai ki zAntarasa kA abhinaya saMbhava nahIM hai| kyoMki zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva " zama" hai aura "zama" usa avasthA kA nAma hai jisameM sabhI prakAra kI ceSTAoM kA upazama (abhAva) ho jAtA hai / kintu ceSTA ke abhAva kA 1. nanu na yatra duHkhasukhaM na cintA na dveSarAgau ca kAcidicchA / rasaH sa zAntaH kathito munIndraiH sarveSu bhAveSu samapramANaH // ityevaM rUpasya zAntasya mokSAvasthAyAmevAtmasvarUpApattilakSaNAyAM prAdurbhAvAttatra saJcAryAdInAmabhAvAt kathaM rasatvamiti ? - sAhityadarpaNa, 3/249

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168 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana abhinaya saMbhava nahIM hai / nidrA aura mUrchA Adi jisako loka meM ceSTArahita sthiti kahA jAtA hai, usakA bhI zvAsa-prazvAsa Adi tathA girane yA pRthvI para sone Adi ceSTAoM dvArA hI nATaka meM pradarzana kiyA jAtA hai / isalie vyApAra zUnyatArUpa "zama" kA abhinaya kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH nATya meM zAntarasa kI sattA nahIM mAnI jA sakatI / zAntarasa virodhI takoM kA baNDana (1) uparyukta tarkoM kA khaNDana abhinavabhAratIkAra ne nimnalikhita tarka se kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM : "dharmazAstroM meM manuSya ke cAra puruSArtha batalAye gaye haiM - dharma, artha, kAma, aura mokSa / manuSya meM jaise kAmAdi (dharma, artha, kAma) puruSArthoM kI sAdhaka ratyAdi cittavRttiyA~ hotI haiM vaise hI mokSapuruSArtha kI sAdhaka "zama" cittavRtti bhI hotI hai / jaise sahRdaya sAmAjikoM kI ratyAdi cittavRttiyoM kaviyoM aura naToM ke vyApAra dvArA AsvAdhayogya banA kara rasatva ko prApta karAyI jAtI haiM, vaise hI "zama" cittavRtti bhI unake vyApAra dvArA rasatva ko kyoM nahIM prApta karAyI jA sakatI hai ? abhiprAya yaha hai ki karAyI jA sakatI hai / ataH zAntarasa kA astitva hai|' (2) sAhityadarpaNakAra zAntarasa kA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM - zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAvabhUta aisA "zama" hai jo yukta (brahmadhyAnamagna) tathA viyukta (siddha) avasthAoM meM vidyamAna rahatA hai / ataH usameM vyabhicAribhAvoM kA paripoSa hotA hai jisase vaha rasatA ko prApta hotA hai| _ zAntarasa meM jisa sukhAbhAva kI carcA kI gaI hai vaha vaiSayika sukhAbhAva hai, Atmotya paramasukha kA abhAva nahIM, jaisA ki mahAbhArata ke nimna zloka se spaSTa hai - para kAmasukha loke vaca divaM mahatsukham / tRNAvAvasukhasyete nArhataH poSI katAm // viSayabhoga se laukika-sukha milatA hai aura svarga meM rahane se divya-sukha prApta hotA hai| ye donoM sukha tRSNAkSaya se utpanna hone vAle atIndriya Atmasukha ke solahaveM aMza ke bhI barAbara nahIM hai| 1. "atrocyate-iha tAvad dharmAditritayamiva mokSo'pi puruSArthaH zAstreSu samRtItihAsAdiSu ca prAdhAnyenopAyato vyutpAvata iti suprasiddhan / yathA ca kAmAdiSu samucitAzvitavRtayo ratyAdizabdavAcyAH kavinaTavyApAreNa jAsvAdayogyatAprAraNahAreNa tathA vidhahadayasaMvAdavataH sAmAjikAn prati rasatvaM zRMgArAditayA nIyante tayA movAbhidhAnaparamapuruSASitA citavRttiH kipiti rasatvaM nAnIyate iti vaktavyam ? yA cAso tabAbhUtAbcittavRttiH saivAtra sthAyibhAvaH / " - abhinavabhAratI, pATha adhyAya pR0 613

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 169 tAtparya yaha hai ki zAntarasa kI avasthA meM atIndriya Atmasukha kA anubhava hotA (3) dhanaJjaya Adi vidvAnoM kA yaha mata samIcIna nahIM hai ki "zama" kI avasthA meM ceSTAoM kA upazama ho jAne se zAntarasa kA abhinaya nahIM ho sakatA / "zama" kI abhivyakti laukika sukha-duHkha ke prati virAma ke pradarzana mAtra se kI jA sakatI hai / pAtra ke antaHsaMgharSa ko prakaTa karate hue satyaprApti athavA AtmajJAna ke prati kiye gaye prayatnoM kA digdarzana mAtra hI zAntarasa ko upasthita kara sakatA hai / __(4) kucha logoM kA mata hai ki zAntarasa sarvajanasaMvedya nahIM hotA / isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki sabhI rasa sabhI vyaktiyoM ke liye upayukta nahIM hote / zRMgArarasa bhI sarvajana saMvedha nahIM hai, phira bhI use rasarAja svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / zAntarasa bhI sarvajanasaMvedha nahIM hai, kintu jinakI manodazA vItarAgatA kI ora unmukha hai, unake dvArA saMvedya hai, ataH vaha. sahRdaya saMvedha hai| zAntarasa sthAyibhAvaviSayaka vivAda zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva kyA hai ? isa viSaya meM sabhI vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai / kucha loga "nirveda" ko zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva mAnate haiM to kucha loga "zama" ko / jo loga "nirveda" ko zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva mAnate haiM, ve isake samarthana meM nimna tarka dete haiM - (1) nirveda do prakAra kA hotA hai - dAridrayAdi se utpanna tathA tattvajJAnajanya / tatvajJAnajanya nirveda mokSa kA kAraNa hai, isalie vahI zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva hai|' (2) bharatamuni ne sthAyibhAvoM ke bAda jaba vyabhicAribhAvoM kI gaNanA karAyI hai taba taiMtIsa vyabhicArI bhAvoM meM sarvaprathama nirveda kI gaNanA kI hai, isase bhI siddha hotA hai ki tattvajJAnajanya nirveda hI zAntarasa kA sthAyI bhAva hai| yadi vaha zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva na hotA to amaMgala rUpa hone ke kAraNa usakI sarvaprathama gaNanA na karAte / tAtparya yaha ki amaMgalarUpa hote hue bhI vyabhicArI bhAvoM meM jo usakI sarvaprathama gaNanA kI gaI hai, usakA kAraNa yahI hai ki vaha zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva hai| 1. abhinava bhAratI, pATha adhyAya, pR0 614

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170 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana yadyapi "nirveda" kI gaNanA vyabhicArI bhAvoM meM kI gaI hai kintu bharata muni kA yaha mata hai ki eka rasa kA sthAyibhAva dUsare rasa meM vyabhicArI bhAva ho sakatA hai / ataH "nirveda" zAntarasa meM sthAyibhAva hai tathA anya rasoM meM vyabhicAribhAva / ' (3) tattvajJAnajanya "nirveda" kevala sthAyibhAva hI nahIM hai apitu bharata muni kA yaha mata hai ki ratyAdi sthAyibhAvoM kA mardana karane vAlA bhI hai / isaliye vaha rati Adi se bhI adhika sthAyibhAva vAlA hai / ataH tattvajJAnajanya "nirveda" hI zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva hai|' nirveda kA baNDana, zama kI sthApanA abhinavagupta ne abhinavabhAratI meM isa mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai / ve nirveda ko zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva nahIM mAnate haiM apitu "zama" ko zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva svIkAra karate haiN| unakA kathana hai ki tattvajJAnajanya nirveda ko zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva mAnane se ekamAtra tattvajJAna ke hI zAntarasa ke vibhAva hone kA prasaMga AtA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki nirveda kA artha hai samasta viSayoM se virakti honA / isa prakAra vairAgya kA hI dUsarA nAma "nirveda" hai / vaha tattvajJAna se utpanna nahIM hotA apitu pahile vairAgya hotA hai phira tttvjnyaan| ataH tattvajJAna se utpanna vairAgya yA "nirveda" ko zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / phalasvarUpa zamarUpa cittavRtti hI zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva hai|' "nirveda" ko zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva kyoM nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai ? zama ko hI usakA sthAyibhAva kyoM mAnanA cAhiye, isakA sayuktika pratipAdana kAvyaprakAza ke pradIpa-TIkAkAra ne kiyA hai / ve kahate haiM ki zAntarasa kI bhAvanA to anivArya hai, parantu 1,2- etattu cintyaM kitrAmA sau / tattvajJAno sthitiveda" iti ke cit / tathAhi (9) dAridrayAdiprabhavo yo nirvedaH sa tato'nyahetostattvajJAnasya vailakSaNyAt / sthAyisaJcArimadhye caitadarthamevAyaM paThitaH" / anyathA mAMgaliko munistathA na paThet / jugupsAM ca vyabhicAreNa zRMgAre niSedhanmunibhavinAM sarveSAmeva sthAyitvasaJcAritve'nujAnAti / tattvajJAnazca nivedaH sthArayantaropamardakaH / bhAvavaicitryasahiSNubhyo ratyAdibhyo yaH paramasthAyizIlaH sa eva hi sthArayantaropAmupamardakaH / / __ - abhinavabhAratI, SaSTha adhyAya, pRSTha 614-615 3. "idamapi ---tattvajJAnajo nirvedo'sya sthAyIti vadatA tattvajJAnamevAtra vibhAvatvenoktaM syAt / vairAgyabIjAdiSu kayaM vibhAvatvam / tadupAyatvAditi cet, kAraNaH, kAraNe'yaM vibhAvatAvyavahAraH sa cAritaprasaGgavahaH / kiMtu ayaM nirvedo nAma sarvatrAnupAdeyatA pratyayo vairAgyalakSaNaH sa ca tattvajJAnasya pratyuktopayAmi / virakto hi tathA prayatate yathAsya tattvajJAnamutpadyate / - abhinavabhAratI, SaSTha adhyAya, pRSTha 615

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana . 171 nirveda ko usakA sthAyibhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / usake sthAna para "zama'' ko usakA sthAyibhAva mAnanA cAhie / "nirveda" saba cittavRttiyoM kA abhAvarUpa hotA hai, ataeva abhAvarUpa hone se usako sthAyibhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / isake viparIta nirIhAvasthA meM AtmalIna hone se jo Ananda AtA hai usako "zama" kahate haiM / "zama" bhAvarUpa hai isalie zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva zama hI ho sakatA hai / nirveda ko vyabhicArI bhAva mAnA jA sakatA hai| __vastutaH "nirveda" (vairAgya-rAgAdi kA abhAva) se utpanna avasthA kA nAma "zama" hai / "zama" ke AsvAda kA nAma hI zAntarasa hai / zAntarasa meM AsvAdana "nirveda" kA nahIM hotA, zama kA hotA hai isalie "zama" hI zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva hai, nirveda nhiiN| nirveda kAraNa hai, "zama" kArya (pariNAma) hai| abhinavagupta, kAvyAnuzAsanakAra AcArya hemacandra, nATyadarpaNakAra rAmacandra guNacandra tathA sAhityadarpaNakAra vizvanAza Adi kAvyazAstriyoM ne "zama" ko hI zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva mAnA hai| isa prakAra "zama" sthAyibhAva ke AsvAda kA nAma zAntarasa hai / tattvajJAna, vairAgya, cittazuddhi Adi isake vibhAva haiM / yama, niyama, adhyAtmadhyAna, dhAraNA, upAsanA, sarvabhUtadayA, tathA saMnyAsa dhAraNa Adi anubhAva haiM / nirveda, smRti, dhRti, zauca, stambha tathA romAMca Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| zAntarasa jayodaya mahAkAvya kA aMgIrasa hai / prastuta mahAkAvya meM 25 veM sarga se 28 veM sarga taka kevala zAntarasa kA hI sAmrAjya hai / zRMgArAdi rasa isake aMgarasa ke rUpa meM prayukta hue haiM / isake kucha udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| vairAgyonmukha jayakumAra saMsAra kI asAratA ke viSaya meM cintana karatA hai| usake cintana kA nimnalikhita zabdoM meM varNana kara kavi ne zAntarasa kI hRdayasparzI dhArA pravAhita kI hai - 1. "atra vadanti zAnto nAma rasastAvadanubhavasiddhatayA durapahavaH / sa caitasya sthAvI nirvedo yujyate / tasya viSyeSvalaM pratyayarUpatvAt / AvAvamAn rUpatvAtA / zAntezca nikhilaviSayaparihArajanitAtmamAtravitrAmAnandaprAdurbhAvamayatvAnubhavAt / taduktaM (kRSNAdaipAyanena) "yaca kAmasukhaM loke yaca divyaM mahatsukham / tRSNAkSayasukhasyaite nArhataH SoDaSI kalAM" iti / ataeva sarvacittavRttivirAmo'tra sthAyI iti nirastam / amAvasya sthAyitvAyogAt / tasmAt zamo'sya sthaayii| nirvedAdayastu vyabhicAriNaH / sa ca "zamo nirIhalavasthAyAmAnandasvAtmavizramAt" iti / - kAvyaprakAza, pradIpa TIkA

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172 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana kSaNaruciH kamalA pratidiGmukhaM suradhanuzvalamendridhikaM sukham / vibhava eSa ca suptavikalpabadahaha dRzyamado'khilamAm // 25/3 // lvnnimaajdlsvjlsthitistrunnimaaymusso'runnimaanvitiH| lasati jIvanamajalijIvanamiha deSAtvavarSi na supIjanaH // 25/5 // api tu tRptimiyAcchucirindhanairava zataiH saritAmapi sAgaraH / na punareSa pumAn viSayAzayairiti samaJcati mohamahAgaraH // 25/17 // gaNapatItivaNo vipadAM bharaM na viSayI viSayeSitayA naraH / asuhatiSvapi dIpazikhAsvaraM zalabha Anipatatyapasambaram // 25/25 ||(muul prati) parijanAH kalapAdapake kSaNamapivasanti ca santi ca pakSiNaH / phalamavApya kimapyaya te rayAjagati pAnti mahIndra ! yadRcchayA // 25/30 // api paretarathAntamavAGganA pitRvanAntamamI parivAriNaH / puruSa eSa hi durgatigahare svakRtaduSkRtameSyati nipuNaH // 25/48 // - saMsAra kI sampattiyA~ bijalI ke samAna kSaNasthAyI haiM, caMcala haiM / indriya sukha indradhanuSa ke samAna kSaNasthAyI haiM / vaibhava, putra-pautrAdi kA samAgama svapna ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura hai / jagat kI pratyeka vastu asthAyI hai / yuvAvasthA kamalapatra para sthita jalabindu ke samAna kSaNasthAyI hai| yuvAvasthA prAtaH evaM sandhyA kAla kI lAlimA ke samAna kSaNika hai| prANI kI Ayu manuSya kI aMjali meM sthita jalavat pratikSaNa kSINa hotI hai / prANiyoM kI viSayecchA samudra kI var3avAgni ke samAna hai / jaise samudra kI var3avAgni saikar3oM nadiyoM ke jala se tRpta nahIM hotI, vaise hI prANiyoM kI viSayecchA aparimita viSayabhogoM se bhI tRpta nahIM hotI / saMsAra ke prANI viSayoM meM Asakta hote haiM / ve viSayAkAMkSA ke mArga meM Ane vAlI ApattiyoM kI usI prakAra cintA nahIM karate, jisa prakAra pataMge dIpazikhA para maMDarAte samaya mRtyu kI cintA nahIM karate / jagat meM kuTumba eka vRkSa ke samAna hai / jaise vRkSa para pakSIgaNa Ate haiM, kucha samaya sAtha rahate haiM phira apanI icchAnusAra gantavya sthAna para cale jAte haiM, usI prakAra parivAra meM putra-pautrAdi janma lete haiM, kucha samaya sAtha rahate haiM aura Ayu pUrNa hone para naI gati meM cale jAte haiM / manuSya kI mRtyu hone para strI kevala ghara ke dvAra taka sAtha jAtI hai aura parivArajana zmasAna taka / jIva apane arjita pApa-karma ke kAraNa akelA hI durgati ko prApta hotA hai|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 173 jayakumAra ke muni-dIkSA-grahaNa tathA kaThora muni-dharma ke pAlana kA yaha marmasparzI varNana bhI sahRdaya ko zAntarasa ke sAgara meM DubA detA hai - sahasA saha sAreNApadUSaNamabhUSaNam / jAtarUpamaso bheje reje svgunnpuussnnH|| 28/4 // sadAcAravihIno'pi sadAcAraparAyaNaH / sa rAjApi tapasvI san samakSo'pyakSarodhakaH // 28/5 // hareyaiverayA vyAptaM bhoginAmadhinAyakaH / ahInaH sarpavattAvatkaJcukaM parimuktavAn // 28/6 // paJcamuSTi sphuradiSTiH pravRtto'khilasaMyame / uccakhAna mahAbhAgo vRjinAnvRjinopamAn // 28/7 // kRtaabhisndhirbhynggniiraagmhitodyH| muktAhAratayA reje muktikAntAkaragrahe // 28/8 // mAravArAbhyatItassabatho nodalatAzritaH / nivRttipathaniSTho'pi vRttisaMkhyAnavAnabhUt / / 28/11 // rasAbhAsa jaba zRMgArAdi rasa anucita Alambana para Azrita hote haiM, taba ve rasAbhAsa meM parivartita ho jAte haiN|' jaise vivAhita strI kI parapuruSa ke prati rati anucita hai / vaha jahA~ darzAyI jAyegI, vahA~ zRMgAra rasa na rahakara zRMgAra rasAbhAsa ho jAyegA / isI prakAra guru Adi ko Alambana banAkara hAsya rasa kA prayoga, vItarAga ko Alambana banA kara karuNa rasa kA prayoga, guru athavA mAtA-pitA ko Alambana banA kara raudrarasa kA prayoga, adhamapAtraniSTha vIrarasa kA varNana tathA cANDAlAdi nIca prakRti ke pAtroM meM zamabhAva kA pradarzana vibhinna rasAbhAsoM ke hetu haiN| jayodaya meM kevala zRMgAra rasAbhAsa evaM bhayAnaka rasAbhAsa kI vyaMjanA huI hai| 1. "tadAbhAsA anaucityapravartitAH" - kAvyaprakAza, 4/36 2. sAhityadarpaNa, 3/263-265

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174 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana (3) zRMgAra rasAbhAsa AcArya vizvanAtha ne pUrvAcAryoM ke matoM kA saMgraha karate hue nimnalikhita ratiyoM ko zRMgAra rasAbhAsa kA hetu batalAyA hai / (1) parapuruSa ke prati rati (2) muni-patnI evaM guru-patnI ke prati rati bahunAyakaniSTha rati anubhayaniSTharati (eka pakSIya rati) . (5) pratinAyakaniSTha rati (6) adhamapAtraniSTha rati (7) pazu-pakSIniSTha rati' jayodaya mahAkAvya meM para-puruSa ke prati rati kA pradarzana kara zRMgAra rasAbhAsa kI vyaMjanA kI gaI hai / kailAza parvata para jinendradeva ke darzana-pUjana ke pazcAt bhramaNa karate hue jayakumAra ke samIpa raviprabhadeva kI patnI kAMcanA nAmaka devI AtI hai / vaha jayakumAra ko vibhinna kAmaceSTAoM se apanI ora AkarSita karane kA prayAsa karatI hai / eka vivAhitA kA parapuruSa ke prati abhivyakta kiyA gayA rati bhAva anucita hone se yahA~ zRMgAra rasAbhAsa abhivyaMjita huA hai| bhayAnaka rasAbhAsa . AcArya vizvanApa ne uttama pAtra meM nirdiSTa bhaya ko bhayAnaka rasAbhAsa kA hetu mAnA hai| jayodaya meM isI prakAra ke bhayAnaka rasAbhAsa kI sRSTi huI hai / gaMgA nadI pAra karate samaya usakI vizAla laharoM ke kAraNa Age bar3hane meM asamartha hokara jayakumAra sahAyatA hetu pukAratA hai| ataeva yahA~ vIra nAyaka ke mana meM bhaya kI utpatti kA varNana hone se bhayAnaka rasAbhAsa kI vyaMjanA hotI hai| 1. sAhitya darpaNa, 3/263-265.. 2. jayodaya, 24/105-107, 127-139 * . 3. uttamapAtragatatve bhayAnake jJeyam / - sAhityadarpaNa, 3/266 4. jayodaya, 20/51-52

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 175 bhAva deca, muni, guru, rAjA evaM putrAdi ke prati vyakta hone vAlI rati bhAva kahalAtI hai| isake atirikta vyaMjanA ke dvArA pratIta karAye gaye vyabhicArI bhAva bhI "bhAva" zabda se abhihita hote haiN| jayodaya meM aneka sthaloM para deva, guru, nRpa evaM putrAdi ke prati ratibhAva vyakta . kiyA gayA hai / vistArabhaya se yahA~ kevala deva evaM guru viSayaka rati ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| devaviSayaka rati ___ kAzI nagarI ke adhipati akampana yuddha meM apane jAmAtA jayakumAra kI vijaya ke pazcAt sarvaprathama arhatadeva kI pUjA karate haiM, jisase unakI deva viSayaka rati prakaTa hotI hai - sapadi vibhAto jAto bhrAtarbhavabhayaharaNavibhAmUrteH / zivasadanaM mUduvadanaM spaSTaM vizvapiturjinasavituste // 8/89 maGgalamaNDalamastu samastaM jinadeve svayamanubhUte / hIrAyA hi kutaH pratipApAzcintAmaNI lasati pUte // 8/91 kalite sati jinadarzane punazcintA kA'nyakAryapUrteH / kimiha bhavanti na tRNAni svayaM jagati dhAnyakaNasphUrteH // 8/92 . niHsAdhanasya cArhati goptari satyaM nirvasanA bhUste / putaye kiM dIpairudayazvecchAntikarasya supAsUteH // 8/93 - he bhAI ! aba prabhAta ho gayA / saMsAra ke janma-maraNarUpI bhaya kA nAza karane vAle vizva ke pitA jina-sUrya kA kalyANakArI madhura mukha spaSTa dikhAI de rahA hai / jinendra deva ke darzana karane para samasta maMgala svayameva sampanna ho jAte haiM | cintAmaNi ratna ke prApta hone para hIrA, pannA Adi se koI prayojana nahIM rahatA | jinendra bhagavAn ke darzana hone para kArya ke pUrNa hone kI kyA cintA ? kheta meM dhAna ke bIja bone para ghAsa svayameva uga AtI hai / bhagavAn arhat jaise yogya saMrakSaka ke rahate yaha bhUmi samasta ApattiyoM se zUnya ho jAtI 1. kAvyaprakAza, 4/35

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176 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana hai / zAntipradAyaka amRtavarSI candramA kA udaya hone para prakAza ke lie dIpaka kI kyA AvazyakatA ? adana ke isa deva viSayaka ratibhAva kA anubhava kara sahRdaya kA ratibhAva vyaMjita ho jAtA hai, jisase use bhAva kI anubhUti hotI hai / guruviSayaka rati upavana meM munirAja ke darzana kara jayakumAra bhaktibhAva se unakI nimna zabdoM meM stuti karatA hai, jisase usakI guruviSayaka rati prakaTa hotI hai aura isakA sAkSAtkAra kara sahRdaya kA ratibhAva ubuddha ho bhAva meM pariNata ho jAtA hai : tAvatA / varddhiSNuradhunA''nandavAridhistasya itthamAhlAdakAriNyo gAvaH sma prasaranti tAH // kalazotpattitAdAtmyamitohaM tava darzanAt / Agastyakto'smi saMsArasAgarazculukAyate // mamAtmagehametatte pavitraiH pAdapAMzubhiH / manoramatvamAyAti jagatpUta nilimpitam // tvaM sajjanapatizcandravatprasAdanidhe'khilaH / pAdasamparkato yasya loko'yaM nirNAyate // 1/102-105 munirAja ke darzana hone para jayakumAra kA Ananda samudra umar3a par3A, vaha unakI stuti karane lagA - he bhagavan ! Apake darzana kara Aja meM niSpApa ho gayA hU~ jisase mujhe atIva sukha kA anubhava ho rahA hai| aba yaha saMsArarUpI sAgara mujhe cullU ke samAna pratIta hotA hai| ApakI parama pavitra caraNaraja se avalipta merA mana Anandita ho rahA hai / hai prasAdanidhe ! Apa candramA ke samAna sajjanoM ke ziromaNi haiN| jaise candramA kI kiraNoM se saMsAra prakAzavAn ho jAtA hai, usI taraha munirAja ke caraNoM ke saMsarga se jagat ke prANI pAparUpI kAlimA ko naSTakara nirmala ho jAte haiM / bhAvodaya mAnava mana meM aneka bhAva suSuptAvasthA meM vidyamAna rahate haiM jo vizeSa paristhiti meM jAgarita ho jAte haiM / suSuptAvasthA meM vidyamAna bhAvoM kA jAgarita honA hI bhAvodaya hai| ' 1. kAvyaprakAza, 4 / 36 uttarArdha

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 177 jayodaya meM bhAvodaya ke aneka sthala haiM / unameM se kucha ke nidarzana isa prakAra haiM - jaba rAjA jayakumAra apane zvasura akampana se hastinApura jAne kI AjJA lete haiM to rAjA akampana dukhI ho jAte haiM / ve apane mukha se zubhAzIrvAda bhI nahIM de pAte / unake netroM meM A~sU A jAte haiM / maunapUrvaka hI apane jAmAtA ke mastaka para akSata arpita karate . haiM / isase rAjA akampana kA zoka bhAva abhivyakta ho uThatA hai - na vadApi kAzikApatirbalaneturguNino mahAmatiH / zirasi sphuTamakSatAn dadau jhupakurvajapanodakaiH padau // 13/2 jaba durmarSaNa apane tIkSNa vacanoM se arkakIrti ko uttejita karatA hai to usake netra lAla ho jAte haiM, jisase usakA krodha bhAva udita ho jAtA hai - kalyAM samAkalayyogrAmenAM bhrtnndnH| raktanetro javAdeva babhUva kSIvatAM gtH||7/17 bhAvasandhi jahAM do bhAva eka sAtha udita hote haiM vahAM bhAvasandhi hotI hai / jayodaya meM bhAvasandhi ke aneka udAharaNa haiM / yathA -- vivAha ke anantara sulocanA apane pati jayakumAra ke sAtha jAtI hai to usake mana meM harSa aura viSAda yugapat utpanna hote haiM - bhavasambhavasaMtravAdito guruvrgaashritmohtsttH| nararAjavazAdRzAtmasAdapi dolAcaraNaM kRtaM tadA / 13/20 ___- eka ora to svAmI ke prema tathA dUsarI ora mAtA-pitA, gurujanoM se moha ke kAraNa sulocanA kI dRSTi ne jhUle kA anukaraNa kiyA, arthAt vaha kabhI harSa se jayakumAra kI ora dekhatI thI aura kabhI zoka se mAtA-pitA kI ora / yahA~ harSa aura viSAda kI sandhi hai / bhAvazavalatA jahA~ nAyakAdi meM aneka bhAva eka sAtha udita hote haiM, vahA~ bhAvazIlatA hotI hai apane jAmAtA jayakumAra ke vijayI hone para bhI mahArAjA akampana prasanna nahIM

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178 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana hote / bhaviSya kI AzaMkA se unake hRdaya meM cintA, jar3atA, viSAda, mati, dhRti Adi aneka bhAva eka sAtha utpanna hote haiN| pariNatA vipadekatamA yadi padamabhU-mama bho itarApadi / patitujo'nucitaM tu parAbhavaM vaNati somasutasya jayo bhavan // jagati rAjatunaH pratiyogitA nagati vamani me'kSatatiM sutAm / pragiti saMvitarepamado mude na gatirastyaparA mama sammude // paribhavo'ribhavo hi suduHsaha iti sametya sa me'tyayanaM rahaH / kimupapAmupapAsyati nAtra vA kimiti karmaNi tarkaNato'thavA // 9/2-3-4 he prabho ! eka vipatti dUra huI para dUsarI Apatti A gaI / jayakumAra kI vijaya ho gaI kintu bharata cakravartI ke putra arkakIrti kI parAjaya mere hRdaya ko vidIrNa kara rahI hai / isa saMsAra meM bharata cakravartI ke putra se virodha honA, mere mArga meM parvata ke samAna bAdhaka hai / ataeva arkakIrti kI prasannatA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki maiM zIghra apanI dvitIya putrI akSamAlA kA vivAha usase kara dU~ / merI nirAkulatA kA isake atirikta dUsarA mArga nahIM hai / kyA arkakIrti apane pratipakSI dvArA hue duHsaha tiraskAra ke kAraNa duHkhI nahIM hogA? athavA vitarkaNA se kyA lAbha ? akampana ke mana meM uThane vAlA yaha bhAva-vaibhinya bhAvazabalatA kA advitIya udAharaNa hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki mahAkavi ne jayodaya meM vibhinna rasoM kI samucita rasa sAmagrI kA aucityapUrNa saMyojana kara zRMgAra, vIra, zAnta Adi rasoM evaM bhakti Adi bhAvoM kI prabhAvapUrNa vyaMjanA kI hai aura "vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam" kI kasauTI para mahAkAvya ko nirdoSa siddha kiyA hai| m

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navama adhyAya varNavinyAsavakratA varNoM (vyaMjanoM) kA aisA vinyAsa (prayoga) jisase nAda saundarya (zrutimAdhurya) kI sRSTi ho, rasa kA utkarSa ho, vastu kI prabhAvazAlitA, komalatA, kaThoratA, karkazatA Adi kI vyaMjanA ho, zabda aura artha meM sAmaMjasya sthApita ho, bhAvavizeSa para balAdhAna ho, (jora par3e) tathA artha kA vizadIkaraNa ho, varNavinyAsa kahalAtA hai|' yaha kArya viSaya yA rasa ke anurUpa varNoM (vyaMjanoM) kI AvRtti tathA mAdhuryAdi vyaMjaka varNavinyAsa se sampanna hotA hai / varNoM kI AvRtti ko anuprAsa tathA mAdhuryAdi vyaMjaka varNaprayoga (bhale hI AvRtti na ho, naye-naye varNa kA prayoga ho) ko upanAgarikA Adi vRtti tathA vaidarbhI Adi rIti kahate haiN| ina sabako kuntaka ne varNavinyAsa nAma diyA hai| ___jo varNa rasa ke anurUpa hote haiM unhIM kI AvRtti ko anupAsa kahate haiM - "rasAyanugatatvena prakarSaNa nyAso'numAsaH'" rasa pratikUla varNoM kI AvRtti rasa vighAtaka hone se alaMkAra nahIM kahalA sakatI / vRttyanuprAsa meM "vRtti" zabda kA artha hai rasaviSayavyApAravatI racanA, usake anurUpa vargoM kA nyAsa kRtyanuprAsa kahalAtA hai| kuntaka ne varNavinyAsa ko mAdhuryAdi guNoM aura sukumAra Adi mArgoM (upanAgarikAdi vRttiyoM) kA anusaraNa karanevAlA kahA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki anuprAsa yA varNoM kI AvRtti mAdhuryAdi vyaMjaka honI caahiye| 1. haradeva bAharI : "hindI semeTiksa", pRSTha 306 2. (ka) varNa sAH nuprAsaH / - kAvyaprakAza, 9/79 ... (kha) eko nau bahavo varNA vadhyamAnAH punaH punH| . svalpAntarAstridhA soktA varNavinyAsavakratA / / vakroktijIvita, 2/1 (ga) vargAntayoginaH sparzA dviruktAstalanAdayaH / ziSTAzca rAdisaMyuktAH prastutaucityazobhinaH / / vahI, 2/2 3. (ka) mAdhuryavyaMjakairvarNarupanAgarikocyate / ___ ojaHprakAzakaistaistu paruSA komalA paraiH / / kAvyaprakAza, 9/80 (kha) keSAdhidetA vaidarbhIpramukhA rItayo matAH / vahI, 9/81 4. vakroktijIvita, 2/15 5. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/3 vRtti 6. "rasaviSayavyApAravatI varNaracanA vRttiH tadanugatatvena prakarSaNa nyasanAd vRttyanuprAsaH / " - sAhityadarpaNa,vRtti 10/4 7. varNachAyAnusAreNa guNamArgAnuvartinI / vRttivaicitryayukteti saiva proktA cirantanaiH / - vakroktijIvita, 2/5

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180 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana yadi mAdhuryAdi vyaMjaka na ho to unakI vighAtaka to kadApi nahIM honI cAhie / kAvyAcArya AnandavarSana kahate haiM - zavo sarephasaMyogI DakArazcApi bhUyasA / virodhinaH syuH zRMgAre te na varNA rasacyutaH // ' ta eva tu nivezyante vIbhatsAdau rase yadA / tadA taM dIpapantyevaM te na varNA rasacyutaH // 2 . arthAt za, Sa, rephasaMyukta varNa (yathA rka, ha, dra) tathA DhakAra ina saba kA aneka bAra prayoga zRMgAra rasa kI vyaMjanA meM bAdhaka hai, kintu vIbhatsa Adi rasoM ke ye utkarSaka haiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki unhIM voM kA punaH punaH prayoga honA cAhiye jo rasa ke vighAtaka na hoM aura yathAsaMbhava rasAbhivyakti meM sahAyatA kareM / rasAbhivyakti meM vargoM ke mahattva para prakAza DAlate hue abhinava gupta likhate haiM - "yadyapi vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicArI bhAvoM kI pratIti hI rasAsvAda kA hetu hai, tathApi viziSTa zrutivAle zabdoM se pratipAdita hone para hI ve (vibhAvAdi) rasAsvAda ke hetu bana pAte haiM, yaha svAnubhava siddha hai| isalie varNoM kA mRdu yA paruSa svabhAva, jo unakA artha samajhe binA hI zravaNakAla meM lakSita hotA hai tathA kevala zrota ke dvArA grAhya hai, rasAsvAda meM sahakArI hI hotA hai / mAtra varNoM se rasa kI abhivyakti nahIM hotI, vibhAvAdi ke saMyoga se hI rasa kI niSpatti hotI hai / yaha aneka bAra kahA jA cukA hai, kintu varNoM kA zrotragrAhya svabhAva bhI rasaniSpatti meM vyApAra karatA hI hai, jaise padarahita gIta, dhvani athavA puSkaravAdha se niyamita viziSTa jAtikaraNa vAle "gha" Adi anukaraNa zabda" / ' vastutaH mRdu varNa vAle padoM se zRMgArAdi rasoM ke jo lalanAdi komala vibhAvAdi haiM, unakI komalatA abhivyaMjita hotI hai, jo rasotkarSa meM sahAyaka hotI hai / isI prakAra paruSa varNa vAle padoM meM raudrAdi rasoM ke vibhAvAdi kI paruSatA vyaMjita hotI hai / varNavinyAsavakratA ke niyama __kAvya manISI kuntaka ne varNavinyAsa vakratA ke nimnalikhita niyama batalAye haiM. 1. dhvanyAloka - 3/3-4 2. dhvanyAloka - 3/3.4 3. dhvanyAlokalocana, 3/3-4 4. nAtinirvandhavihitA nApyapezalabhUSitA / pUrvAvRttaparityAganUtanAvartanojvalA || vakroktijIvita, 2/4

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 11 1. varNoM kI AvRtti balAt nahIM kI jAnI cAhie / jahA~ upayukta ho, prastuta viSaya ke aucitya kI hAmi na ho, apitu usakI zobhA meM vRddhi ho, vahIM kI jAnI caahie| 2. apezala (kaThora) vargoM kI bhI AvRtti nahIM honI cAhie jaise - "zIrmANAdhipANI" ityAdi (mayUra zataka, 6) padya meM Na-Na, ghra-dhra, na-na Adi zruti-kaTu varNoM kA punaH punaH vinyAsa kiyA gayA hai / jisase eka ora zruti kArkazya utpanna hotA hai, dUsarI ora prastuta viSaya (sUrya-stuti) ke aucitya kI hAni hotI hai| 3. eka varNa kI AvRtti adhika nahIM honI cAhie / pUrvAvRtta varNa kA parityAga kara naye varNa kI AvRtti kI jAnI cAhie / 4. varNoM kI AvRtti svalpAntara (parimita vyavadhAna) se karanA caahie|' varNavinyAsakakatA aura anuNAsa kuntaka dvArA pratipAdita varNavinyAsavakratA ke aneka prakAra chekAnuprAsa tathA vRtyanuprAsa meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiM / yathA - (1) chekAnupAsa saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjana samUha kI eka vAra sAntara yA nirantara AvRtti ko chekAnuprAsa kahate haiM / ise kuntaka ne nimnalikhita bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai : (ka) saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjanayugala kI eka bAra sAntara AvRtti, (kha) saMta yA asaMyukta vyaMjana samUha (bahu vyaMjanoM) kI eka bAra sAntara AvRtti, (ga) saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjanayugala kI eka bAra nirantara AvRtti, (gha) saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjana samUha kI eka bAra nirantara AvRtti / udAharaNa - AdAya kulagandhAnapIkurvan pade pade amarAn / 1. "svalpAntarAstridhA soktA" vakroktijIvita, 2/1 __ "svalpAntarAH parimitavyavahitA iti sarveSAnamisambandhaH / " vahI, vRtti 2/2 2. (ka) "cheko vyaMjanasalyasya sakRtsAmyamanekadhA / " - sAhityadarpaNa, 10/3 (kha) "anekasya vyaMjanasya sakRdekavAraM sAdRzyaM chekAnuprAsaH" | - kAvyaprakAza, 9/79 3. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/3 kI vRtti

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182 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ayameti mandamandaM kAverIvAripAvanaH pavanaH // yahA~ " gandhAnAndhI" meM saMyukta vyaMjanayugala "ndha" kI eka bAra sAntara (vyaMjanavyavadhAnasahita) AvRtti huI hai / "kAverIvAri" meM asaMyukta vyaMjana yugala "vara" kI eka bAra nirantara (vyaMjanavyavadhAnarahita) AvRtti huI hai / " mandamandaM " meM saMyukta vyaMjana samUha "manda" (bahuta se vyaMjanoM) kI tathA "pAvanaH pavanaH " meM asaMyukta vyaMjana samUha kI eka bAra nirantara AvRtti huI hai / ' " saralatara - latAlAsikA " yahA~ asaMyukta vyaMjanasamUha "ralata" kI eka bAra nirantara AvRtti huI hai| "cakitacAtakamecakitaviyati" " meM asaMyukta varNa samUha "cakita" kA eka bAra sAntara Avartana huA hai / "svasthAH santu vasanta te ratipateragresarAbAsarAH "" yahA~ "tera" (asaMyukta vyaMjana yugala) kI eka bAra sAntara AvRtti hai tathA "santa" (saMyukta vyaMjana samUha ) kA eka bAra sAntara Avartana huA hai / '"pAyaM pAyaM kalAcIkRtakadaladalaM" " tathA "kuhakuhArAva"" meM kramazaH '"ga-ya," "da-la" evaM '"ka-ha'" ina asaMyukta vyaMjana yugaloM kI eka-eka bAra nirantara AvRtti huI hai| "bhavati hariNalakSmA yena tejodaridraH"7 yahA~ " daridraH " meM "da-ra" kI eka bAra nirantara AvRtti huI hai - (Ga) kahIM kahIM varNasamudAya nirantara (vyaMjana vyavadhAna rahita) AvRtti meM svaroM kI asamAnatA se varNavinyAsavakratA hotI hai, jo apUrva camatkAra kI sRSTi karatI hai / yathA "rAjIvajIvitezvare"" yahA~ "jIvajIvi" meM "ja-va" varNa yugala kI AvRtti huI hai jisameM prathama "va" meM "a" tathA dvitIya "va" meM "i" hone se svaroM meM asamAnatA hai| 1. vakroktijIvita 2/1 : "bhanailA" ityAdi zloka kA aMza 2. vahI, 2/13, pRSTha 183 3. vahI, 2 / 13, pRSTha 182 4. vahI, 2 / 13 pRSTha 182 5-6 " tAmbUlInaddha" ityAdi zlokaM kA aMza / vakroktijIvita 2/10 7. vahI, 2/11/181, "ayi pivati cakorA " kA aMza 8. vahI, 2/15,

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 183 ___ "bhUsarasariti" meM "sarasari" isa AvRtta varNa samudAya meM svaroM kA asArUpya hai| .. (2) kRtyanuprAsa saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjana samUha (aneka vyaMjanoM) kI aneka bAra sAntara yA nirantara AvRtti tathA eka vyaMjana kI eka yA aneka bAra sAntara yA nirantara AvRtti ko vRtpanuprAsa kahate haiN| isake nimna prabheda kiye jA sakate haiM : (ka) saMyukta yA asaMyukta varNayugala kI aneka bAra sAntara AvRtti, (kha) saMyukta yA asaMyukta varNayugala kI aneka bAra nirantara AvRtti, eka varNa kI eka bAra sAntara AvRtti, .. (gha) eka varNa kI eka bAra nirantara AvRtti, eka varNa kI aneka bAra sAntara AvRtti, (ca) eka varNa kI aneka bAra nirantara AvRtti / (ga) udAharaNa: unmIlanmapugandhatubamApavAbUtacUtAikura - krIDakokilakAkatIkatakatarudgIrNakarNajvaraH / nIyante pavikaH karSa kAmapi dhyAnAvapAnakSaNa - prAptaprANasamAsamAgamarollAseramI vaasraaH||' yahA~ dvitIya caraNa meM "kAkatIkalakataH" meM asaMyukta varNayugala "ka-la" kI aneka bAra nirantara AvRtti huI hai| prathama caraNa meM eka vyaMjana "t" kI, tRtIya meM "dha" kI eka bAra sAntara AvRtti prathama caraNa meM eka vyaMjana "m" kI, dvitIya meM "la" kI, tRtIya meM "ka" kI tathA caturya meM "s" aura "m" kI aneka bAra sAntara AvRtti huI hai| "vAkavAlavilocanamohavitarita yahA~ "kAla' meM eka vyaMjana "j" . 1. vakroktijIvita, 2/16 2. anekasyaikayA sAmyamasakRtApyanekadhA / ekasya sakRvapyeSa vRtyanuprAsa ucyate / sAhityadarpaNa, 10/4 3. vahI, 10/4 4. vakroktijIvita, 2/9/180

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184 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana kI, tathA "uroroha" meM eka vyaMjana "ra" kI eka bAra nirantara AvRtti huI hai / anAraGgapratimaM tadaI bhIpiramaskRtamAnatAmpAH / kurvanti yUnAM sahasA parvataH svAntAni zAntAparacintanAni / ' yahA~ saMyukta vyaMjana yugala "na" tathA "nta" kI aneka bAra sAntara AvRtti huI "alikulakokilalalite" yahA~ eka vyaMjana "l" kI aneka bAra nirantara AvRtti (3) mAdhurya baMjaka varNavinyAsavakatA nimnalikhita varNa mAdhurya ke vyaMjaka haiM / unake AvRtti rahita yA AvRtti sahita prayoga se mAdhurya kI vyaMjanA hotI hai : (1) Ta, Tha, Da, Dha ko chor3a kara "ka" se lekara "ma" taka ke varNa jaba ve pUrva bhAga meM apane varga ke antima varNa se saMyukta hote haiM (vargAntayogI Ta, Tha, Da, Dha varjita sparza varNa) / (2) hasvasvarayukta rakAra aura NakAra / (3) dvirukta ta, la, na Adi / (4) ra-ha Adi se saMyukta ya-la Adi / ' uparyukta varNoM kI AvRtti svalpAntara se (alpavyavadhAna pUrvaka) tathA prastuta viSaya kI zobhA bar3hAne vAlI (rasotkarSa) honI caahie|" anArapratimaM tadaGgAlImirIkRtamAnatAmyAH / kurvanti yUnAM sahasA yavatAH svAntAni zAntAparacintanAni / ' . yahA~ anaGga, tadaGga, bhaGgI Adi meM gakAra kA Avartana tathA svAnta, zAnta, cintana 1. kAvyaprakAza 4/74 2. "gurujanaparatantratayA" ityAdi padya kA aMza / kAvyaprakAza, 9/ 3. kAvyaprakAza 8/74, 4. vahI, 4/74 5,6.vargAntayoginaH sparzA dviruktaastlnaadyH| zidhAzca rAdisaMyuktAH prastutIcityazominaH / / vakroktijIvita, 2/2 7. punaH punarvadhyamAnA svalpAntarA parimitavyavahitA iti sarveSAmabhisambandhaH prastutaucityazobhinaH / - vahI, vRtti 8. kAvyaprakAza, 8/74

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana Adi padoM meM takAra apane-apane varga ke antima vyaMjana se yukta haiM aura vaha vyaMjana pUrva meM hai, para meM nhiiN| tathA "raGga" "zAntApara" Adi meM hasva svarayukta repha hai / ina vargoM kI AvRtti se yahA~ mAdhurya kI vyaMjanA hotI hai| unidrokanadareNupizaGgitAGga, gujanti majumadhupAH kamalAkareSu / etabakAsti ca rakhernavakanyujIva - puSpacchadAbhamudayAcalacumbibimbam // ' yahA~ bhI vargAntayogI sparza "ga" "ja", tathA "mba" kI AvRtti huI hai / _ "sarasvatIhadayAravindamakarandavindusandohasundarANAm" yahA~ bhI "nda" (vargAntayogI da) kI AvRtti huI hai, jo mAdhurya guNa kI vyaMjikA "virahotAbhyattanvI" meM dvirukta" "ta" kA do bAra prayoga hai / "saundaryapusmitam" meM repha saMyukta "ya" kA tathA "kalArahalAda" meM ha-saMyukta "la" kA aneka bAra prayoga huA hai| ___ mAdhuryaguNa zRMgAra, karuNa tathA zAntarasa meM hotA hai / saMbhoga zRMgAra se adhika karuNa meM, karuNa se adhika vipralambha zRMGgAra meM tathA vipralambha zRMgAra se adhika zAntarasa meM hotA hai / ataH inhIM komala rasoM ke utkarSa ke lie mAdhuryavyaMjaka vargoM kI AvRtti kI jAtI hai / citta ko dravita yA Ardra kara denevAlA AhAdamayatva mAdhurya kahalAtA hai|" (1) ojovyaMjaka varNavinyAsakAtA dIpti arthAta citta ke vistAra ko utpanna karane vAlA rasa-dharma oja kahalAtA hai| sahRdaya ke hRdaya kA prajvalita sA ho jAnA dIpti hai, ise hI citta kA vistAra kahate haiN| 1. . vakroktijIvita, 2/2 2. vahI, 2/2 3. "prathamamaruNa" ityAdi padya kA aMza | - vakroktijIvita, 2/6 tathA 1/41 4. "dhammilo" ityAdi padya kA aMza / vahI, 2/1 5. vahI, 2/2 6. "karuNe vipralambhe tacchAnte cAtizayAnvitam" - kAvyaprakAza, 8/69 7. "AhlAdakatvaM mAdhurya zRMgAre drutikAraNam" / vahI, 8/68

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186 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana oja guNa vIra, vIbhatsa, raudra evaM bhayAnaka rasa meM hotA hai / vIra rasa se adhika vIbhatsa meM, vIbhatsa se adhika raudra meM hotA hai / ina paruSa rasoM ke dharmabhUta ojaguNa kI vyaMjanA nimnalikhita vargoM ke AvRtti rahita yA AvRtti sahita prayoga se hotI hai :(1) varga ke prathama evaM tRtIya varNa ke sAtha kramazaH dvitIya evaM caturtha varNa kA yogA' jaise - puccha, baddha Adi meM / (2) repha ke sAtha kisI bhI varNa kA pUrva meM, para meM athavA donoM ora yoga / / jaise vaktra, nirhAda Adi meN| (3) do tulya vargoM kA yoga. (dvirukta vrnn)| (4) saMyukta yA asaMyukta Ta, Tha, Da, Dha tathA za, Sa / ' udAharaNa : mU muvRttakRtAviralagalagalavaktasaMsaktadhArA - pautezAmiprasAdopanata jabajagajAta mithyAmahimnAm / kailAsollAsanecchAvyatikarapizunotsarpidarpotpurANAm, doSNAM vaiSA kimetatphalamiha nagarIrakSaNe yatprayAsaH // yahA~ "mU m" "utsarpidarpa" meM Upara tathA "aghri" evaM "drakta" meM nIce repha kA yoga hai / "udvRtta" tathA "kRtta" meM tulya vargoM kA yoga hai / "Iza" evaM "pizuna" meM zakAra tathA "doSNAm", "eSAm" meM SakAra hai / inake dvArA vIrarasa ke dharmabhUta ojaguNa kI vyaMjanA hotI hai| kuntaka ne paruSa rasoM ke dharmabhUta ojaguNa ke vyaMjaka vargoM ke punaH punaH prayoga kA nimna udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai : uttAmpattAlavazca pratapati taraNAbAMzI tApatantrI - madri dropIkuTIre kuhariNi hariNArAtayo yApayanti / yahA~ kavi ko bhayAnakarasa kI sRSTi karanA abhipreta hai, jo eka paruSarasa hai / 1. "vIbhatsaraudrarasayostasyAdhikyaM krameNa ca", kAvyaprakAza, 8/70 2. vahI, 8/75 3-4. vahI, 8/75 5. vahI, 8/75 6. vakroktijIvita 2/8, pRSTha 179

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 187 isalie kavi ne bhayAnaka siMha ke bhayAvaha nivAsa kA varNana karate samaya usI ke yogya ta, pa, va, ra, ha evaM Na Adi paruNa varNoM ko punaH punaH AvRtta kiyA hai| mammaTa, sAhityadarpaNakAra Adi kAvyazAstriyoM ne mAdhuryAdi guNoM kA varNana anuprAsa ke prakaraNa meM na kara pRthak se kiyA hai / isase tathA unake pratipAdana se spaSTa hotA hai ki mAdhuryAdi kI vyaMjanA ke lie upayukta varNoM kI AvRtti anivArya nahIM hai, usa prakAra ke vibhinna vargoM ke prayoga se bhI mAdhuryAdi kI vyaMjanA hotI hai| ___sAhityadarpaNakAra ne zrutyanuprAsa evaM antyAnuprAsa kA bhI varNana kiyA hai jinakA svarUpa isa prakAra hai :(5) putramugAsa jina vyaMjanoM kA uccAraNa sthAna samAna hotA hai, unake prayoga se uccAraNa sthAna kI dRSTi se jo vyaMjana sAmba utpanna hotA hai; use zrutyanuprAsa kahate haiM / vaha sahRdayoM ko atIva zrutisukhotpAdaka hotA hai|' yathA - pRthA dagdha manasicaM jIvayanti dRzaiva yaaH| vikAsa jaminIstAH stumo vAmalocanAH // 2 yahA~ "jIvayanti", "yAH" tathA" "jayinIH" jakAra, yakAra kA uccAraNa sthAna tAlu kI samAnatA ke kAraNa sAmya hai / (1) anyAnyAsa pUrvapada vA pAva ke anta meM jaisA anusvAra-visarga svarayukta saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjana AtA hai, usakI uttara pada yA pAda ke anta meM AvRtti antyAnuprAsa kahalAtI hai| isase kAvya meM labAlakatAjanya zrutimAdhurya utpanna hotA hai / yathA - "mara hasantaH pulakaM vahantaH tathA "pIrasamIre yamunAtIre" tathA "sujatAM suphalAM malayajazItalA sasya zyAmalAM mAtaram / " 1. sAhityavarpaNa * 10/5 tathA vRtti 2. bama, 10/5 3. vahI, 10/6

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188 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anazIlana ina udAharaNoM meM padAnta anuprAsa hai / tathA kezaH kAzastabakavikAsaH kAyaH prakaTitakaramavilAsaH / cakSurdagdhavarATakakalpaM tyajati na ketaH kAmamanalpam // ' athavA aGgaM galitaM palitaM muNDaM dazanavihInaM jAtaM tuNDam / vRddho yAti gRhItvA daNDaM tadapi na muJcatyAzApiNDam // ina donoM zlokoM meM pAdAnta anuprAsa hai| lATAnuprAsa bhI anuprAsa kA eka bheda haiM kintu usameM varNoM kI AvRtti na hokara padoM kI AvRtti hotI hai aura abhivyaMjanA kI dRSTi se usameM varNoM kA koI camatkAra nahIM hotA, ' isalie lATAnuprAsa meM varNavinyAsavakratA kA prAyaH abhAva hotA hai / yamaka sArthaka varNasamudAya kI bhinna artha meM AvRtti, nirarthaka varNasamudAya kI arthapUrNa varNasamudAya ke rUpa meM AvRtti, artharahita varNasamudAya kI arthayukta varNasamudAya ke rUpa meM AvRtti tathA artharahita varNasamudAya kI artharahita varNasamudAya ke rUpa meM AvRtti yamaka kahalAtI hai / AvArya kuntaka ke anusAra ise prasAdaguNayukta arthAt zIghra hI artha kA bodha karAnevAlA, zrutipezala (akaThorazabda viracita) tathA aucityayukta (prastuta vastu kI zobhA bar3hAne vAlA) honA cAhie / isameM zruti mAdhurya tathA layAtmakatA kA hI guNa rahatA hai | isalie yaha varNavinyAsavakratA kA hI eka rUpa hai| udAharaNa : "navapalAza-palAzavanaM puraH phuTaparAga-parAgata-paGjam / mRdula-tAnta-latAntamalokayat sa suramiM surabhi sumanobharaiH // "" - 1. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/6 2. "zabdastu lATAnuprAso bhede tAtparyamAtrataH" / "padAnAM saH" | kAvyaprakAza 9/81-82. 3. samAnavarNamanyArthe prasAdi zrutipezalam / aucityayuktamAdhAdiniyatasthAnazobhiyat / / yamakaM nAma ko'pyasyAH prakAraH paridRzyate / sa tu zobhAntarAbhAvAdiha nAti pratanyate / - vakroktijIvita, 2/6-7 . 4. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/8

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana yahA~ " palAza-palAza" tathA " surabhi surabhi " donoM sArthaka haiN| "latAnta latAnta' meM prathama " laMtAnta" nirarthaka hai kyoMki vaha yathArthataH "mRdula-tAnta" hai / isI prakAra 'parAga parAga" meM dUsarA parAga nirarthaka hai kyoMki vaha "parAgata" kA aMza hai / varNavinyAsavakratA ke prayojana " 189 " jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA gayA hai varNavinyAsavakratA kA prayoga nAda saundarya kI sRSTi, rasotkarSa, vastu kI prabhAvazAlitA, komalatA, kaThoratA Adi kI vyaMjanA, zabda aura artha meM sAmaJjasya ke sthApana tathA bhAva-vizeSa para balAdhAna ke liye kiyA jAtA hai / isake kucha udAharaNa hindI sAhityakAra premacanda kI kRtiyoM se prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM : premacanda ne aneka sthaloM para anuprAsa kA prayoga dhvani-saundarya kI sRSTi ke lie hI kiyA hai / yathA - " unhIM ke satya aura sukIrti ne use bacAyA hai / ( sevAsadana, 63) " 'kabhI saroda aura sitAra, kabhI pikanika aura pArTiyA~, nitya naye jalase, naye pramoda hote rahate haiM / " ( premAzrama, 101 ). kucha prasaMgoM meM anuprAsa kA prayoga prasaMga kI abhivyaMjakatA bar3hAne ke lie huA pratIta hotA hai / vahA~ vyaMjanoM kI AvRtti se jo eka dhvanigata vAtAvaraNa banAtA hai, vaha abhivyakti ko puSTa karatA hai| "sevAsadana" meM vaizyAoM ke jisa julUsa ko dekhakara sadana Azcaryacakita raha jAtA hai, usakI mohanI aura bA~dha lene vAlI zakti ko premacanda ne anuprAsa ke sahAre prabhAvazAlI rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai : "saundarya, suvarNa aura saurabha kA aisA camatkAra usane kabhI na dekhA thA / rezama. raMga aura ramaNIyatA kA aisA anupama dRzya, zRMgAra aura jagamagAhaTa kI aisI adbhuta chaTA usake liye bilkula nayI thI / " (sevAsadana, 150 ) yahA~ "sa" aura "ra" ke anuprAsa julUsa kI zakti ko jaise ghanIbhUta rUpaM meM vyakta kara rahe haiM / yahI ghanIbhUta zakti nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM "ka" ke anuprAsa se prakaTa 1 hotI hai " ve A~kheM jinase prema kI jyoti nikalanI cAhiye thI, kapaTa, kaTAkSa aura kuceSTAoM se bharI huI haiM / " (sevAsadana, 151 ) prabhAva kI balAtmakatA kI niSpatti ke lie "da" kI AvRtti kA saphala prayoga ina vAkyoM meM milatA hai -

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190 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana "mujha jaisA duSTa, durAtmA, durAcArI manuSya usake yogya na thaa|" (sevAsadana, 158) "jAti kA drohI, duzmana, daMbhI, dagAbAja aura isase bhI kaThora zabdoM meM usakI carcA huii|" (raMgabhUmi, 536) inameM balAtmaka prabhAva ko niSpanna karane ke lie "da" kA ghoSatva jo yogadAna karatA hai, vaha dhyAna dene yogya hai / ghoSa dhvaniyoM kI gUMja prabhAva ko dviguNita karane kI sAmarthya rakhatI hai| .. tIkhepana kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie anuprAsa kA zaktizAlI prayoga ina udAharaNoM meM dikhAI degA : . "phira putrI kI painI pIka bhI kAnoM ko cubhI / " (godAna, 46) . "abhI jarA dera pahale dhaniyA ne krodha ke Aveza meM jhuniyA ko kulaTA, kalaMkinI, aura kalamu~hI na jAne kyA kyA kaha DAlA thA / " (godAna, 126) . "pa" aura "ka" kA sparzatva isa tIkhepana ko puSTa rUpa se abhivyakta karane meM sahAyaka pratIta hotA hai / yaha sparzatva AvRtticakra meM par3akara kisa prakAra komala se tIkSNa ho gayA hai, yaha draSTavya hai| komalatA kA guNa anya dhvaniyoM meM bhI hai jo apanI komalatA se bhAvAtmakatA kI niSpatti karane meM saphala huI hai : - "siliyA, sAMvalI, salonI charaharI bAlikA thii|" (godAna, 251) . - "nainA samatala, sulabha aura samIpa" (karmabhUmi, 47).. "sa" ke anuprAsa se nainA kI komalatA hamAre itane nikaTa A jAtI hai ki hama mAno use chU sakate haiM aura usI "sa" kA anuprAsa siliyA kI sUrata kI cikanAI se mAnoM hamArI A~khoM ko AMja detA hai| bhAvAtmaka aura balAtmaka prabhAva kI niSpatti meM anuprAsa ke yogadAna kA pramANa isa vAkya meM milatA hai : - mere lie tumane aba taka tyAga hI tyAga kiye haiM, sammAna, samRddhi, siddhAnta eka kI bhI paravAha nahIM kI / (raMgabhUmi, 288) 1. zailIvijJAna aura premacanda kI bhASA, pRSTha 25-26

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 191 vyaMgya kI prabhAvazAlI niSpatti ke rUpa meM anuprAsa kI saphalatA dekhie : , - jevara cAhie, jaradA cAhie, jarI cAhie, kahA~ se AnA ? (raMgabhUmi, 410) ina sabhI sthaloM meM aise zabdoM kA cayana huA hai jinameM sadRza vyaMjanoM kA prayoga milatA hai / sandarbha ke prabhAva se ye vyaMjana abhivyaMjaka ho uThate haiM tathA zabdArtha aura vAkyArtha ke prabhAva ko ghanIbhUta kara dete haiM / sAhityika saMracanA ke saba ghaMTakoM meM inakA avakAza hai, tathApi uparyukta udAharaNa kathAvarNana tathA caritracitraNa ke sandarbha meM Aye haiN|' saMskRta sAhitya meM bhI varNavinyAsavakratA ke aise aneka udAharaNa haiM, jinase uparyukta prayojanoM kI siddhi hotI hai / yathA - sujalAM suphalAM malayajazItalAM sasya zyAmalAM mAtaram vande mAtaram / yahA~ "sa" kI AvRtti bhArata bhUmi kI samRddhi aura sarasatA ke bhAva ko ghanIbhUta kara detI hai| sammohayanti madayanti biDambayanti, nirbhatsayanti ramayanti vissdynti| .. etAH pravizya sadayaM hRdayaM narANAM , kiM nAma vAmanayanA na samAcaranti / yahA~ "nti" ke bahuzaH prayoga se zrutimAdhurya kI utpatti ke sAtha vAmanayanAoM ke " zaktibAhulya evaM carita vaividhya kA bhAva' saghana ho gayA hai| bhaktiH kAtaratAM kSamA samayatAM pujyastutirdInatAM, parya dAruNatAM matiH kuTilatAM viyAbalaM kSobhatAm / dhyAnaM vaJcakatAM tapaH kudRkatAM zIlavrataM SaNThatAM, paizunkAtinAM girAM kimiva vA nAyAti doSAtAm // yahA~ bhI "tAM" ke punaH punaH prayoga dvArA pizunoM kI guNoM ko avaguNa rUpa se grahaNa karane kI pravRtti utkarSa ko chUne lagatI hai / layAtmaka mAdhurya bhI utpanna hotA hai| 1. zailIvijJAna aura premacanda kI bhASA, pRSTha 26-27 2. bhartRhari, zRMgArazataka 3. munimata mImAMsA

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192 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana mAtsaryamutsArya vicArya kArya - mAryAH samayadimidaM vadantu / sevyA nitambA kimu bhUdharANA - muta smarasmera vilAsinInAm // - isa padya meM "rya" kI anekazaH AvRtti se layAtmaka zrutimAdhurya kI sRSTi hotI thc eko devaH kezavo vA zivo vA, ekaM mitraM bhUpatirvA patirvA / eko vAsaH pattane vA vane vA, ekA nArI sundarI kA darI vA // yahA~ kezava aura ziva, bhUpati aura yati, pattana aura vana, tathA sundarI aura darI kA varNasAmya (yamaka) unako alaga-alaga dRSTiyoM se samakakSatA ke bhAva ko sAkAra karane meM abhUtapUrva yogadAna karatA hai| yahI bAta nimna padya meM bhI hai : bhaktibhavana vibhavaM vyasanaM zAstre na yuvatikAmAzne / cintA yazasi na vapuSi prAyaH paridRzyate mahatAm // bhartRhari ke zRMgAra-zataka kA yaha zloka pamakajanya zrutimAdhurya se maNDita hai : AvAsaH kriyatAM gAGge pApavAriNi vAriNi / stanmadhye taruNyA vA manohAriNi hAriNi // jayodaya meM varNavinyAsakratA mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne jayodaya meM varNavinyAsavakratA ke dvArA vividha prabhAvoM kI sRSTi kI hai / kAvya meM nAdasaundarya evaM layAtmaka zrutimAdhurya kI utpatti, mAdhurya evaM oja guNoM kI vyaMjanA, vastu kI komalatA, kaThoratA Adi ke dyotana evaM bhAvoM ko ghanIbhUta karane meM kavi ne varNavinyAsavakratA kA aucityapUrNa prayoga kiyA hai / varNavinyAsavakratA ke nimna prakAra prastuta mahAkAvya meM prayukta kiye gaye haiM :- chekAnuprAsa, vRttyanuprAsa, zrutyanuprAsa, antyAnuprAsa, yamaka tathA mAdhuryavyaMjaka evaM ojovyaMjaka varNavinyAsa nidarzana prastuta haiM : 1. bhartRhari, zRMgAra zataka 2. bhartRhari, nIti zataka, 69

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.193 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana anuprAsa , chekAnuprAsarUpa varNavinyAsa se utpanna nAda saundarya nimna udAharaNoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai kanabhUmirupAgatA gatA janabhUmirnanu jAnatA natA / phalitaiH phalitairgatAGgatA'pyucitena prabhuNA satA satA // 13/42 sundari kaliGgalAnAM kaliGgalAnAM ziraHzriyA zrayatAt / pIvarapayoparadvayarameNa yena sthitodayatA // 6/22 xxx caturANAM caturANAmatucchatuSTiM nayanayantu sabhAm / .. tanute'nutejasA svAM kaliGgarAjAbhiyAM sulabhAm // 6/23 x .. . x x manasi manasijamitAyA vanitAyA virahadagdhahRdayAyAH / talliGgAni tadAnIM sphuliGgAnIti . niragacchan // 16/65 adholikhita ukti meM niyojita varNa nagAr3e kI dhvani kA bimba upasthita kara dete "upAMzupAMsule vyomni ddhkaattkaarpuurite|". 3/111 (pUrvArdha) vRttyanuprAsa ke dvArA nimna padya meM somarasapAnajanita mattadazA ke dyotana kI adbhuta sAmarthya A gaI hai / vargoM ke bahuzaH Avartana se jihvA kA lar3akhar3AnA sUcita hotA hai, jo mattadazA kA lakSaNa hai - tatatyajedaM bhabhabhAjanantu dudbhutaM te mumukhAsavantu / bavA dadedehi pipipriyeti madoktireSA'ti mude nireti // 16/50 adholikhita padya meM "na" varNa kI AvRtti se hastinApura nareza jayakumAra kI sabhA kA sarvathA doSarahitatva prakAzita hotA hai - na varNalopaH prakRterna bhaGgaH kuto'pi na pratyayavatprasaGgaH / yatra svato vA guNavRddhisiddhiH prAptA yadIpApadurItikatim // 1/31 vRttyanuprAsa ke dvArA kahIM kahIM kevala zrutimAdhurya kI hI sRSTi kI gaI hai -

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194 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana tadudayena hasiSyati paGkajam / zaziharo bhavitA savitA pitA alini cintayatIti visasthite drutamihodbhajate'mbujinIM gajaH || 25 / 37 zruta prAsa kA prayoga bhI isI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai - arkastUrkaciJcitIM 0 yazca vijayAnvitaH / jano'bhijanasamprApto vardhamAnAbhidhAnataH // 8/83 X X X niHsAra iha saMsAre sahasA me saptArciSaH / nAthasomAbhidhe gotre bhavetAM bhasmasAtkRte // 7/24 vRtyanuprAsa aura antyAnuprAsa ke mela se to kavi ne nAda saundarya evaM layAtmaka mAdhurya ko carama sImA para pahu~cA diyA hai| nimna udAharaNoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai - svapANipAtraM punaralpamAtraM sthitvAttikAtraM paratantrasAtram / munerathAtrastavijantumAtraM kva bhojanaM bho janaraJjanAtra || 27 / 44 X X kiyA hai| - X kaceSu tailaM zravasoH phulelaM tAmbUlamAsye hRdi puSpite'lam / nAsAdhivAsArthamasau samAsAt samasti lokasya kilAbhilASA || 27/15 X X X aJcati rajanirudaJcati santamasaM tanvi caJcati ca madanaH / yuktamayuktaM tattyaja raktamamuSmimastu racaya manaH // 16 / 64 X X sadeha dehaM malamUtragehaM brUyAM surAmatramivApade'ham / tadyogayuktyA nivadehapAMzu yAti sravatsvedanipAtipAMzu || 27/42 chekAnuprAsa aura antyAnuprAsa ke yoga se bhI kavi ne saMgItAtmaka prabhAva utpanna X he chinnamoha janamodanamodanAya, tubhyaM namo'zamanasaMzamanodamAya / ? nirmRtyapekSitanivedana vedanAya sUryAya te hRdaravindavinodanAya // / 10 / 96

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana yamaka * jayodaya meM yamaka ke aneka rUpa milate haiM - yathA Adyayamaka, yugmayamaka evaM antyayamaka / ina sabhI ke dvArA layAtmakatA evaM zrutimAdhurya kI sRSTi kI gaI hai / katipaya udAharaNa draSTavya haiM - Aya yamaka pratIhAramataH kazcit pratIhAramupetya tam / . namati sma mudA yatra na matiH smarataH pRSak // 3/21 .. . - vipallavAnAmiha sambhavo'pi na vipallAnAmuta zAkhinAmapi / sadAramante'sya vihAya nandanaM sadA ramante rucitastataH surAH // 24/51 . ina zlokoM meM prathama caraNa ke Adi bhAga kI AvRtti dvitIya caraNa ke Adi bhAga meM tathA tRtIya pAda ke prArambhika pada kI AvRtti caturtha pada ke prArambha meM hone se ekadezaja . Ayayamaka hai|' yugmayamaka AzA sitA surabhi-tAna-kautukena, kA zAsitA suramitA nakkautukena / . puNyAhavAcanaparA samudakasArA, "puNyAhavAcanaparA samudakasArA // 18/71 . prastuta padha meM prathama caraNa kI AvRtti dvitIya caraNa meM aura tRtIya caraNa kI AvRtti caturtha caraNa meM huI hai, ataH yugmayamaka hai| antya yamaka sauravaM samabhivIya samAyA yaMtra rItiriti saarsbhaayaaH| vaibhavena kila sajAnatAyA modasindhurudabhUjanatApAH // 5/34 yahA~ prathama pAda ke antya bhAga kI AvRtti dvitIya pAda ke antya bhAga meM tathA 1. pAdaM dvidhA vA tridhA vibhajya tatraikadezajaM kuryAt / AvartayettamaMza tatrAnyayAti vA bhUyaH / / rudraT kAvyAlaMkAra, 3/20 2. rudraTkRta kAvyAlaMkAra, 3/13

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196 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana tRtIya caraNa ke antya bhAga kI AvRtti caturtha caraNa ke antya bhAga meM huI hai, ataH antyayamaka hai| mAdhuryaguNavyaMcaka varNavinyAsavakratA jayodaya zAntarasa pradhAna mahAkAvya hai / gauNarUpa se usameM zRMgArAdi rasoM kI bhI chaTA hai / ataeva isameM mAdhuryaguNa vyaMjaka varNavinyAsavakratA sahaja upalabdha hotI hai / nimna udAharaNa darzanIya hai - api pare taravAntamathAGga nA pitR banAntamamI parivAriNaH / ___puruSa eSa hi durgatimahare svakRtaduSkRtameSyati nirpaNaH // 25/48 yahA~ "nta," "," "ra," "ri," ru," "Na" Adi vargoM kA prayoga mAdhuryavyaMjaka hai / inake prayoga se zrutimAdhurya kI sRSTi ke sAtha zAntarasa kI vyaMjanA sazakta ho uThI hai| ojoguNavyaMjaka vIvanyAsakAtA . mahAkavi ne apane kAvya meM gauNarUpa se vIra, bhayAnaka evaM vIbhAtsa rasoM kA niveza bhI kiyA hai / ina rasoM ke utkarSa hetu unhoMne ojoguNavyaMjaka varNavinyAsavakratA kA prayoga kiyA hai / yathA pitsatsapakSAH pizitAzanAyAyAntastadAnIM samaro va rAyAm / carAzca pUtkAraparAH zavAnAM prANA ivAbhuH paritaH pratAnAH / / 8/39 yuddhasthala zavoM se AkIrNa hai / zavoM para pakSiyoM kA samUha mAMsa bhakSaNa ke lie TUTa par3a rahA thA, jo aisA pratIta ho rahA thA jaise phUtkAra pUrvaka nikalate unake prANa hI ho / - kavi ne isa vIbhatsa dRzya kA varNana kara vIbhatsarasa kI vyaMjanA kI hai / usake utkarSa hetu "ta," "pa," "va," "ra," "za" Adi asaMyukta paruSa vargoM kA, "tsa," "nta," "zca," "tka" saMyukta vyaMjanoM evaM "," "pra" ityAdi rephayukta varNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / ye ojoguNa vyaMjaka haiN| nimna padya meM vIrarasa kI vyaMjanA hetu ojoguNa vyaMjaka "ddhi," "kta " "ca," "za," "pra,". "ja," "ta" Adi vargoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai - - eke tu khaDgAn raNasiddhiziGgAH pare sma zUlA~stu gadAH samUlAH / ____kevica zaktIrnijanAvabhaktiyuktA jayantI prati nartayanti // 8/15 niSkarSataH kavi ne zrutimAdhurya kI sRSTi, rasotkarSa tathA vibhinna bhAvoM kI vyaMjanA ke lie varNavinyAsavakratA kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai aura jayodaya ke kAvyatva ko utkarSa para pahu~cAyA hai| Om 1. rudrakRta kAvyAlaMkAra, 3/20

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dazama adhyAya caritracitraNa kAvya aura nATya kA viSaya mAnava carita hI huA karatA hai / usI ke mAdhyama se kavi rasa vyaMjanA karatA hai / AcArya bharata ne nATya ke viSaya kA varNana karate hue kahA - hai - nAnAbhAvopasampannaM nAnAvasthAntarAtmakam / 119 lokavRttAnukaraNa nATyametanmayA kRtam maiMne nAnA bhAvoM se samanvita tathA vividha avasthAoM se yukta lokavRtta kA anukaraNa karane vAle nATya kI racanA kI hai / AcArya bharata kI isa ukti se sampUrNa sAhitya ke viSaya kA nirdeza ho jAtA hai| lokavRtta hI samagra sAhitya kA viSaya hai| mAnava kA samasta manovaijJAnika pakSa mAnava kI pravRttiyA~, manobhAva evaM sAdhya " lokavRtta" zabda se abhihita hotA hai| vAmana ne apane kAvyAdarza meM "loko vidyA prakIrNaM ca kAvyAGgAni " ukti ke dvArA loka arthAt "lokavRtta" ko kAvya kA aMga (viSaya) pratipAdita kiyA hai / 2 1 "lokacarita kA anukaraNa hI nATya hai / loka meM vyaktiyoM kA caritra na to eka samAna hotA hai aura na unakI avasthAe~ hI ekAkAra hotI haiM / hama kisI vyakti ko sAMsArika saukhya kI carama sImA para virAjamAna pAte haiM, to kisI ko duHkha, ke tamomaya garta meM apanA bhAgya kosate hue pAte haiM / sukha tathA duHkha, vRddhi tathA hrAsa, harSa tathA viSAda, prasAda tathA audAsInya ina gAnA prakAra ke bhAvoM kI saMjJA loka hai / inhIM bhAvoM se sampanna, nAnA avasthAoM ke citraNa se yukta lokavRtta hI nATaka hai / " 3 gurudeva ravIndranAtha kA kathana hai - hai jo manuSya kI samagra mAnavatA ko prakaTa karane kI kSamatA rakhe / * 'kAvya meM vahI vastu upAdeya mAnI jA sakatI " jayodaya kA viSaya bhI mAnava carita hai| rAjA jayakumAra aura rAjakumArI sulocanA ke praNaya, svayaMvaraNa, sukhamaya dAmpatya jIvana, jayakumAra kI vIratA, prajAprema, dharmavatsalatA, 1. bharata nATyazAstra, 1 / 112 2. kAvyAdarza, 131 - 3. lokavRttaM lokaH, loka: sthAvarajaMgamAtmA ca / tasya varttanaM vRttamiti / kAvyAdarza, 132 4. bhAratIya sAhityazAstra, 1 / 378

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muni .198 - jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana vairAgya, tapazcaraNa tathA mokSa-prApti, sulocanA kA utkRSTa zIla, dharmAnurAga, vairAgya tathA AryikA dIkSA se lekara AtmotthAna kI sAdhanA, yaha bhoga aura yoga se samanvita Adarza mAnava carita jayodaya kA pramukha pratipAdya hai| ___ jayodaya ke vizada anuzIlana ke lie isakA vizleSaNa bhI Avazyaka hai, jo yahA~ prastuta hai| jayodaya ke pAtroM kA paricaya nimnAMkita vibhAjana dvArA eka dRSTi meM ho jAtA haijayodaya ke pAtra puruSa pAtra strI pAtra RSabhadeva sulocanA akSamAlA jayakumAra buddhidevI arkakIrti kAMcanAdevI akampana vyandaradevI (sarpiNI) bharata cakravartI gaMgAdevI anantavIrya anavadyamati mantrI durmati mantrI durmarSaNa sevaka sumukha dUta mahendradatta kaMcukI citrAMgada deva raviprabha deva .. vyaMtaradeva (sarpa) -- inheM pA~ca vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai: RSivarga, rAjavarga, rAjasevaka - varga, devavarga tathA vyantaravarga / RSabhadeva evaM muni RSivarga ke pAtra haiN| jayakumAra, arkakIrti, akampana, bharata cakravartI, anantavIrya, sulocanA tathA akSamAlA rAjavarga se sambaddha haiN| anavadyamati mantrI, durmati mantrI, durmarSaNa sevaka aura mahendradatta kaMcukI rAjasevaka varga ke antargata haiM / deva varga ke pAtra haiM - citrAMgada deva, buddhidevI, raviprabhadeva va kAMcanAdevI / vyaMtaradeva, vyaMtaradevI evaM gaMgAdevI ko vyantaravarga ke antargata rakhA jA sakatA hai / jayokya ke pratyeka pAtra kA caritra samAja ke lie Adarza prastuta karatA hai|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana yahA~ pramukha pAtroM ke caritra kA vizleSaNa kiyA jA rahA hai| jayakumAra 199 jayakumAra isa mahAkAvya ke dhIrodAtta nAyaka haiN| ve hastinApura ke zAsaka evaM bharata cakravartI ke senApati haiM / saundarya meM kAmadeva tathA jJAna meM bRhaspati ke samAna haiM / zaurya meM bhI koI unakI samAna nahIM kara sakatA hai| kAzI nareza kI putrI sulocanA jayakumAra ke guNoM se atyadhika prabhAvita hotI hai aura svayaMvara sabhA meM upasthita sabhI rAjAoM ko chor3akara unakA varaNa karatI hai / * jayakumAra apratima yoddhA haiN| vIrazrI sadaiva unakA hI varaNa karatI hai| jayakumAra ke yuddha kauzala evaM asAdhAraNa vyaktitva kI prazaMsA bharata cakravartI bhI karate haiM / svayaMvara samAroha ke anantara yuddhonmukha arkakIrti ko usakA anavadyagati mantrI yuddha na karane hetu samajhAtA hai aura jayakumAra ke viSaya meM kahatA hai - cakraJca kRtrimaM cakre cakriNo digjaye jayam / jayaM evAyamityasmAt tasyApi snehabhAjanam // 7 / 41 Apake pitA bharata cakravartI kI SaTkhaNDa digvijaya meM cakra to nAma mAtra kA (kRtrima) thA, vAstavika cakra to jayakumAra hI thA, jisake kAraNa unheM SaTkhaNDoM para vijaya prApta huI hai / jayakumAra Apake pitA ke sneha kA pAtra hai / ukta kathana jayakumAra ke asAdhAraNa vyaktitva kA dyotaka hai| jaba arkakIrti yuddha ke lie tatpara ho jAtA hai to jayakumAra bhI kAzI nareza akampana ko dhairya ba~dhAtA haiM aura apane pratidvandvI arkakIrti se vIratA pUrvaka yuddha karatA hai| arkakIrti ko parAjita kara use bandI banA letA hai| jayakumAra kI jinadeva, jinazAstra aura jinaguru meM dRr3ha zraddhA hai / ve pratidina niyama pUrvaka subaha-zAma deba-zAstra-guru kI pUjA-upAsanA karate haiN|' nagara yA upavana meM muni ke Agamana kA samAcAra milate hI unake darzanArtha jAte haiM, zraddhApUrvaka guNastavana karate haiM aura unase dharmopadeza zravaNa karate haiN| ina upadezoM ko apane jIvana meM utArane kA prayatna karate haiM / yuddhoparAnta ve jinAlaya meM jAte haiM tathA prAyazcita ke rUpa meM jinastavana 1. jayodaya, sarga - 19 2 . vahI, 1/88 - 112, 2/1-141

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200 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana karate haiM / ' jaba unheM pUrvajanma kA smaraNa hotA hai taba jinendra vandanA ke uddezya se tIrthayAtrA para jAte haiN| vairAgyabhAva ke jAgarita hone para rAjya tyAgakara prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI zaraNa lete haiM / unase jinadIkSA aMgIkAra kara tapasyA karate haiN|' __ jayakumAra nirantara dharma, artha evaM kAma sAdhanA meM rata rahate haiM / ve zreSTha rAjanItijJa bhI haiM / unakI sabhA meM prajA ke hitecchu mantrI, purohita, vidvAn, dUta, vaidya evaM cAraNa haiN| ve sabhI apane-apane kArya meM kuzala haiM / jayakumAra vinamra rAjA haiM / ve apanI sabhA meM padhAre akampana ke dUta kA svAgata karate haiM / ve vyavahAra kuzala evaM milanasAra haiM / apane dvArA parAjita arkakIrti se zIghra mitratA kara lete haiM / vivAhoparAnta samrATa bharata se milane ayodhyA jAte haiM aura unake putra arkakIrti ko parAjita karane ke aparAdha kI kSamAyAcanA karate haiN|" saMyama jayakumAra kA AbhUSaNa hai / unakA mana kabhI dharma-viruddha kAryoM meM pravRtta nahIM hotA / eka bAra himAlaya para sthita mandira meM jinapUjana kara bAhara Ate haiM / Ate samaya svarga se kAJcanA nAmaka devI Akara unake zIla kI parIkSA karatI hai / madhura vArtAlApa evaM vividha kAmaceSTAoM dvArA unheM AkRSTa karane kA prayAsa karatI hai, kintu viphala ho jAtI hai / taba apane pati ke sAtha punaH Akara jayakumAra kI pUjA karatI haiN|' isa prakAra nAyaka jayakumAra ke caritra meM dhIratA aura udAttatA kA maJjula samanvaya hai| arkakIrti yaha bharata cakravartI kA putra hai| prastuta kAvya meM arkakIrti kA citraNa pratinAyaka ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / dazarUpaka meM pratinAyaka ko lobhI, dI, mAtsaryayukta, mAyAvI, kapaTI, ahaMkArI, krodhI, AtmazlAghAparaka, haThI, pApazIla, vyasanI evaM nAyaka kA zatru batalAyA gayA hai| arkakIrti meM ukta sabhI vizeSatAyeM dRSTigocara hotI haiM / usakI sArI ceSTAyeM nAyaka ke pratikUla, sulocanA kI prApti ke lie hotI haiM / . 1. jayodaya, 8/89-95 2. vahI, 24/58-85 3. vahI, 26 se 28 sarga 4. vahI, 20/1-39 5. vahI, 24/98-143 6. dazarUpaka - 2/5

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 201 use apane mAnApamAna kI paravAha nahIM hai / vaha Amantrita na kiye jAne para bhI sulocanA ke svayaMvara meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| isa viSaya meM vaha apane mantrI ke parAmarza kI bhI upekSA kara detA hai / ' 1 arkakIrti ke kAzI pahu~cane para, svayaMvara samAroha ke pUrva usake chala-kapaTa kA paricaya milatA hai / arkakIrti vicAratA hai ki yadi svayaMvara maNDapa meM sulocanA ne merA varaNa nahIM kiyA to merA apamAna hogaa| isa sthiti meM maiM usakA apaharaNa karU~gA / vaha apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha aisI yojanAyeM banAtA hai, jinase sulocanA usakA varaNa karane ke lie vivaza ho jAya / isake liye vaha sulocanA ke kaJcukI ko pralobhana bhI detA hai kintu use saphalatA nahIM milatI / 2 svayaMvara sabhA meM sulocanA arkakIrti ke gale meM varamAlA na DAla kara Age bar3ha jAtI hai to vaha nirAza ho jAtA hai aura apane mitra durmarSaNa ke dvArA uttejita kiye jAne para jayakumAra se yuddha karane ke lie taiyAra ho jAtA hai / vaha apane mantrI anavadyamati ke yuddha na karane ke parAmarza aura akampana ke dUta dvArA lAye gaye sandhi prastAva ko ThukarA detA hai tathA durvacana kahakara unakA apamAna karatA hai| arkakIrti dambhI evaM madonmatta hai| vaha dUsaroM ke kahane para calatA hai| svayaM apanI buddhi se koI nirNaya nahIM letA / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha yuddha meM jayakumAra dvArA parAjita ho jAtA hai / vaha ucita - anucita ke viveka se rahila hai / yaha jAnate hue bhI ki jayakumAra usake pitA bharata cakravartI ke senApati evaM mahAn parAkramI haiM, unase yuddha kara baiThatA hai / vaha svAbhimAnahIna hai| parAjita evaM apamAnita hone ke bAda bhI kAzI nareza akampana kI dvitIya putrI akSamAlA ke sAtha vivAha karane ke lie taiyAra ho jAtA hai| meM arkakIrti meM aneka durguNoM ke sAtha kucha sadguNa bhI dRSTigocara hote haiN| vaha yuddha hue narasaMhAra se duHkhI ho jAtA hai aura pazcAtApa karate hue jinendradeva kI stuti vandana karatA hai / nRpati akampana jaba parAjita arkakIrti ko samajhAte haiM to vaha apanI bhUla svIkAra kara letA hai apane mantrI anavadyamati ke kathana ko na mAnane kA pazcAtApa karatA 1. jayodaya, 4/1-16 2. vahI, 4/28-47 3. vahI, 7/1-72 4. vahI, 9/19-23 5. vahI, 8 / 94

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202 . jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana hai| akampana kI bAtoM kA Adara karate hue vaha punaH jayakumAra se mitratA kara letA hai aura use nibhAtA hai|' isa prakAra arkakIrti meM eka vivekahIna, ISyAlu, ahaMkArI aura chalakapaTa se paripUrNa kintu Thokara khAkara anta meM sanmArga para A jAne vAle khalanAyaka kA caritra sajIva ho uThA hai| akamana . akampana bharata cakravartI ke adhInastha kAzI ke rAjA haiM / inakI rAnI kA nAma suprabhA hai / inake hemAMgada Adi eka hajAra vIra putra evaM sulocanA tathA akSamAlA do putriyA~ haiM / jayodaya meM akampana kA citraNa vAtsalya se paripUrNa pitA ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / ve apanI putrI sulocanA ke yuvA hone para usake vivAha ke viSaya meM cintita hote haiM / isa sambandha meM apane mantriyoM se vicAra vimarza kara svayaMvara kA Ayojana karate haiM / ve dUtoM ke dvArA vibhinna nagaroM evaM rAjyoM meM svayaMvara vidhAna kA AmantraNa bhejate haiM / svayaMvara hetu Aye rAjakumAroM kA ve apane dvAra para jAkara svAgata karate haiM, AdarapUrvaka apane sAtha lAte haiM aura ucita sthAna meM ThaharAte haiN| rAjA akampana nyAyapriya evaM zAntipriya rAjA haiM / ve apane zAsana meM sarvaprathama sAmanIti kA hI prayoga karate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba svayaMvara meM sulocanA dvArA varaNa na kiye jAne para arkakIrti yuddha ke lie tatpara ho jAtA hai, taba akampana yaha jAnate hue ki arkakIrti unakI bAta nahIM mAnegA, usake samIpa eka zAntidUta bhejate haiM / jaba akampana kI sAmanIti kA prayoga saphala nahIM hotA, taba ve yuddha ke lie tatpara hote haiM / yuddha meM vijayI hone para ve sarvaprathama jinendradeva kI pUjA karate haiM / anantara jinendradeva ke caraNoM meM baiThI apanI putrI sulocanA ko jayakumAra kI vijaya kA zubha samAcAra dete haiM aura sneha pUrvaka use ghara le jAte haiN| rAjA akampana samadarzI haiM / ve zatru aura mitra ko samAna bhAva se dekhate hai / ve apane jAmAtA kI vijaya para prasanna nahIM hote apitu yuddha meM hue narasaMhAra se duHkhI aura arkakIrti kI parAjaya se cintita ho jAte haiM / ve parAjita arkakIrti ko zAnta karane ke lie usake samakSa apanI dvitIya putrI akSamAlA ke vivAha kA prastAva rakhate haiM / jaba 1. jayodaya, 9/25-50

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 203 arkakIrti unakA prastAva svIkAra kara letA hai, taba rAjA una donoM kA vivAha kara dete haiN| rAjA akampana arkakIrti aura jayakumAra meM mitratA karA dete haiN| akampana atyanta vinamra haiM / svayaMvara meM sammilita hone hetu padhAre arkakIrti kA svAgata karane jaba akampana apane dvAra para jAte haiM to arkakIrti kA durmati mantrI unase kaTu vacana kahatA hai / ve usake vacana ko sunakara bhI koI pratyuttara nahIM dete / ___ akampana ke svabhAva meM kiMcit bhIrutA ke bhI darzana hote haiM / arkIti ke parAjita hone para akampana vicArate haiM ki maiM arkakIrti ko to prasanna kara lU~gA, kintu yadi usake pitA bharata cakravartI kruddha ho gaye taba kyA hogA ? samudra meM rahakara magara se vaira karane vAlA vyakti kabhI bhI sukha se nahIM raha sakatA / aisA vicAra kara kSamA-yAcanA ke lie bharata cakravartI ke samIpa apane sumukha dUta ko bhejate haiM / kAzI nareza akampana apane sAre kartavyoM se nivRtta hokara anta meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke caraNoM meM jAkara jinadIkSA aMgIkAra kara lete haiM / isa prakAra akampana ke rUpa meM hameM vAtsalyamaya pitA, nyAyazIla evaM zAntipriya / rAjA tathA eka dharmaprANa mokSAbhilASI mAnava ke darzana hote haiN| cakravartI samrAT bharata samrAT bharata Adya tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra haiM / ve cakravartI haiM / inhIM ke nAma se isa deza kA nAma "bhArata varSa" prasiddhi ko prApta huA / cakravartI hote hue bhI atyanta vinamra haiM / jaba kAzI nareza akampana kA dUta sulocanA ke svayaMvaraNa kA samAcAra lekara unake pAsa AtA hai, taba ve usakA svAgata karate haiM / sulocanA ke svayaMvara kA samAcAra pAkara harSita ho ve sulocanA kI vilakSaNa buddhimattA evaM svayaMvara paramparA ke pravartaka kAzI nareza akampana kI mahatI prazaMsA karate haiM / ve sadguNoM aura satkAryoM ke prazaMsaka haiM aura anucita kArya ke nindaka / unake putra arkakIrti ne jayakumAra ke sAtha jo anucita rUpa se yuddha kiyA usakI ve nindA karate haiN| jaba rAjA jayakumAra samrAT bharata se milane ayodhyA pahu~cate haiM taba ve usakA svAgata karate hue apanA sneha prakaTa karate haiM / jayakumAra evaM sulocanA ko aneka vastrAbhUSaNa pradAna kara vidA karate haiN|

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204 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana sulocanA . sulocanA jayodaya kI nAyikA hai / vaha kAzIrAja akampana evaM rAnI suprabhA kI jyeSTha putrI hai / vaha hastinApura nareza jayakumAra ke guNoM kA zravaNakara una para anurakta ho jAtI hai aura pitA dvArA Ayojita svayaMvara sabhA meM unakA pati ke rUpa meM varaNa karatI vaha buddhimatI evaM vivekazIla hai / svayaMvara sabhA meM buddhidevI dvArA rAjAoM kA paricaya dene ke lie prayukta ukti-vaicitrya ko vaha turanta samajha letI hai| nAyikA sulocanA ko mAtA-pitA se dhArmika saMskAra mile haiN| jaba vaha jayakumAra ke guNoM evaM rUpa saundarya ke viSaya meM sunatI hai, to unheM prema-sandeza preSita na kara jinendradeva ke caraNa kamaloM meM dhyAna lagAtI hai / pati, pitA evaM bhAIyoM ke yuddha bhUmi meM jAne para vaha upavAsa dhAraNakara jinAlaya meM baiThatI hai / jaba pati ke vijayI hone kA samAcAra pAtI hai tabhI pitA ke sAtha ghara AtI hai| sulocanA sAhasI evaM pativratA nArI hai / jaba vaha gaMgA nadI meM apane pati jayakumAra ko saMkaTagrasta sthiti meM dekhatI hai, to ghabarAtI nahIM hai; apitu NamokAra mantra kA jApa karatI huI gaMgA meM praviSTa hotI hai / usake zIla ke prabhAva se saMkaTa Tala jAtA hai| isI prakAra kailAza parvata kI yAtrA se lauTate samaya jaba eka devI jayakumAra ke samakSa Akara praNaya nivedana karatI hai aura jayakumAra ke dvArA nivedana ko ThukarA diye jAne para unheM lekara bhAgane lagatI hai, taba sulocanA kiMkartavyavimUr3ha nahIM hotI, apitu devI ko isa prakAra lalakAratI hai ki vaha jayakumAra ko chor3akara bhAga jAtI hai| ____isa prakAra sulocanA meM hameM eka suzIla, pativratA, dharmaprANa, buddhimatI evaM sAhasI nArI ke darzana hote haiN| budridevI rAjakumArI sulocanA ko svayaMvara sabhA meM Aye rAjakumAroM kA paricaya dene ke lie buddhidevI kA avataraNa huA hai / kavi ne usake strI sulabha svabhAva kA yathAvasara sundara 1. jayodaya, 6/5-127 2. vahI, sarga 6 3. vahI, 20/48-65 4. vahI, 24/105-146 /

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 205 citraNa kiyA hai / sAtha hI sulocanA saundarya kI taraha buddhidevI ke saundarya kA varNana bhI mahAkavi ne kiyA hai / buddhidevI rAjA akampana ke lie cintAharaNa devI bana kara AtI hai| rAjA akampana isa bAta se cintita haiM ki sulocanA ko svayaMvara meM Aye rAjakumAroM ke guNoM kA samucita rUpa se paricaya kauna karA sakegA ? buddhidevI Ate hI isa kArya kA uttaradAyitva lekara rAjA ko Azvasta kara detI hai / ' buddhidevI nArI sulabha vAtsalya se otaprota hai / jaba sulocanA svayaMvara maNDapa meM Akara agaNita rAjakumAroM ko dekhatI hai to unameM se kisI eka kA sammAna tathA zeSa kA nirAdara hone ke bhaya se cintita ho jAtI hai / usa samaya buddhidevI sulocanA ko bar3e sneha se aneka yuktiyoM evaM dRSTAntoM se samajhAkara cintAmukta karatI hai / svayaMvarasabhA meM rAjaparicaya dete samaya buddhidevI kI pragalbhatA darzanIya hai / vaha sulocanA ko Agantuka rAjakumAroM kA paricaya AlaMkArika bhASA meM karAtI hai| vaha sulocanA ke hAva-bhAvoM ke dvArA usakI ruci aruci ko tAr3a letI hai aura usI ke anusAra rAjAoM kA paricaya vistAra yA saMkSepa meM detI hai| jaba vaha sulocanA ko jayakumAra ke prati anurakta dekhatI hai, to usake guNoM kA varNana atyanta vistAra se karatI hai aura anta meM kahatI hai - yadi bho jayaiSiNI tvaM dRkzaraviddhaM tatazzithilamenam / ayi bAle'smin kAle srajA baghAnAvilambena || 6 / 116 - he bAle ! yadi tU jayakumAra ke prati anurakta hai to ise zIghra hI mAlA ke bandhana se bA~dha le / kyoMki yaha tere kaTAkSa bANoM se ghAyala hone ke kAraNa zithila ho rahA hai / saMkSepa meM buddhidevI hamAre sAmane eka vAtsalya se paripUrNa, hitaiSiNI mArgadarzikA ke rUpa meM AtI hai / RSabhadeva ye prathama tIrthaMkara haiM / devaloka evaM madhyaloka ke madhya devoM dvArA racita samavazaraNa meM divya siMhAsana se cAra aMgula Upara sthita haiN| jaba AtmakalyANa kA icchuka jayakumAra tIrthaMkara deva kI zaraNa meM pahu~catA hai, to ve dharmopadeza dvArA yathArtha mArga pradarzita karate haiM / jayakumAra unake dvArA darzAye mArga para calakara mokSa prApta karatA hai| 1. jayodaya, sarga - 5 2. vahI, sarga - 6

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- 206 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana anavayamati mantrI anavadyamati bharata cakravartI ke putra rAjakumAra arkakIrti kA mantrI hai / vaha nyAyapriya hai / jayakumAra ke parAkrama se bhalI bhA~ti paricita hai / ataH apane svAmI arkakIrti ko jayakumAra se yuddha na karane kI salAha detA hai / vaha yuddhonmukha arkakIrti se kahatA hai .... laMjAya jAyate naiSA satI dArAntarotpitiH / jaye te'pyajayatvena tvenaH kalpAntasaMsthiti // 7/43 . - yuddha meM ApakI vijaya honA nizcita nahIM hai / yadi Apa vijayI ho bhI gaye to sulocanA satI hai, vaha ApakI na ho skegii| ulTe Apa parastrIharaNa ke pApa ke bhAgIdAra hoNge| __anavadyamati arkakIrti ko AmantraNa ke binA sulocanA ke svayaMvara meM jAne se rokatA hai / isa prakAra anavadyamati samaya-samaya para ucita malAha dekara apane bhUpati kA mArgadarzana karatA hai| duti yaha arkakIrti kA mantrI hai / nAma ke anurUpa hI isakA kArya hai / yaha apane svAmI arkakIrti ko sadaiva anucita kArya karane ke liye protsAhita karatA hai / AmantraNa na milane para bhI arkakIrti kA sulocanA svayaMvara meM jAnA ucita ThaharAtA hai| u yaha arkakIrti kA dhUrta sevaka hai, jo sadaiva apane nAma ko sArthaka banAne vAle kArya karatA hai / durmarSaNa drohakAraka vacanoM se arkakIrti ko jayakumAra evaM akampana se yuddha karane ke lie uttejita karatA hai / vaha bAta karane meM catura hai / anucita bAta ko isa prakAra prastuta karatA hai ki sAdhAraNa vyakti ko usa para sahaja vizvAsa ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra kavi ne pAtroM ke kuzala caritra-citraNa dvArA mAnava-carita kI vaiyaktika vibhinnatAoM kA manovaijJAnika pakSa bar3I nipuNatA se udghATita kiyA hai tathA unakI komala aura ugra, udAtta evaM kSudra, ramaNIya evaM vIbhatsa bhAvanAoM kA kalAtmaka unmIlana, kara sahRdayoM ko rasasAgara meM avagAhana kA avasara pradAna kiyA hai| . m

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ekAdaza adhyAya jIvana-darzana aura jIvana-paddhati mahAkAvya ke mAdhyama se samyak jIvanadarzana aura Adarza jIvanapaddhati para prakAza DAlanA kavi kA mukhya dhyeya rahA hai / isalie unhoMne kAvya ke lie aisA paurANika kathAnaka cunA hai jisake nAyaka-nAyikA dharma se anuprANita haiM aura jinake jIvana kA carama lakSya mokSa hai / manuSya ke abhyudaya aura niHzreyam kI siddhi samyak jIvana-darzana aura samIcIna jIvana-paddhati se hI saMbhava hai / isIliye Atmahita aura lokahita meM nirata santa kavi inhIM se paricita karAne ke lie kAvya aura nATya ko mAdhyama banAte haiM, kyoMki kAvya aura nATya kAntAsammita upadeza ke advitIya sAdhana haiM / manuSya kI jIvana-paddhati usake jIvanadarzana para Azrita hotI hai| yadi manuSya kI dRSTi meM AtmA anitya hai, mRtyu ke bAda saba kucha khatma ho jAtA hai, to usakI jIvanapaddhati nizcita hI " RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pivet" vAlI hogI / isake viparIta yadi use AtmA eka zAzvata tattva pratIta hotA hai, mRtyu ke bAda bhI AtmA kA astitva rahatA hai, yaha vizvAsa use hotA hai to usakI jIvanapaddhati kA svarUpa kucha aura hI hogA / jayodaya meM jo jIvanadarzana prativimbita huA hai usake mAnya tathya haiM- sRSTi kI anAdi anantA, AtmA kI nityatA evaM svatantratA, karmasiddhAnta, punarjanma evaM mokSa | isa jIvanadarzana se anuprerita jIvanapaddhati ke vibhinna aMgoM ko kavi ne munirAja dvArA jayakumAra ko diye gaye upadeza ke mAdhyama se prakaTa kiyA hai| jo isa prakAra hai puruSArtha catuSTaya 1 dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa; ye cAra puruSArtha bhAratIya saMskRti meM mAnava jIvana ke lakSya mAne gaye / inameM dharma, artha aura kAma gRhastha ke karane yogya haiM / yadyapi ye eka sAtha paraspara viruddhatA liye hue haiM, tathApi gRhastha unheM apane viveka se paraspara anukUla karate hue siddha kre|' artha- puruSArtha aura kAma-puruSArtha laukika sukha ke lie haiM aura janmAntarIya AgAmI sukha ke lie mokSa-puruSArtha hai / kintu dharma-puruSArtha kI to kaue kI A~kha meM sthita kanInikA ke samAna donoM hI jagaha AvazyakatA hai| saMsAra meM eka mAtra ghara hI gRhastha ke lie bhogoM kA samucita sthAna hai / usa bhoga kA sAdhana dhana hai / vaha dhana 1. jayodaya, 2 / 19 2. vahI, 2/10

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208 . jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana sabase sauhArda rakhane para prApta hotA hai / isalie gRhastha hI trivarga kA saMgrAhaka hotA hai|' antima mokSa-puruSArtha karmoM ke abhAva kA kAraNa rUpa udyama hai / vaha tapasviyoM ke lie to svakRta karmoM kA vinAzaka hai, kintu zrAvakoM (gRhastha sAdhakoM) ke lie nizcaya hI pApoM kA nAzaka hai / devapUjana prAtaHkAla gRhastha kA mana aura indriyA~ prasanna rahatI haiM, ataH usa samaya pradhAnatayA saba anarthoM kA vinAza karane vAlA deva-pUjana karanA cAhie, tAki sArA dina prasannatA se bIte / prasiddha hai ki dina ke Arambha meM jaisA zubha yA azubha karma kiyA jAtA hai, vaisA hI sArA dina bItatA hai| bhagavAn arahanta deva hI pUjanIya haiM kyoMki ve maMgaloM meM uttama aura zaraNAgatavatsala haiM / ve devoM ke bhI deva haiM / prANiyoM kA hita karanevAlA unake samAna aura koI nahIM hai| jaise dhanavAnoM ke dvArA utAra kara pheMke gaye vastrAdi nirdhanoM ke lie alaMkAra ke samAna AdaraNIya ho jAte haiM, vaise hI bhagavAn arahantadeva ke caraNoM kI raja hama jaisoM ke bhavarogoM ko dUra karatI hai / unake snAna (abhiSeka) kA jala sajjanoM ke mastaka ko pavitra karatA hai| bhaktoM kI pUjA paddhatiyA~ unakI svAbhAvika abhiruci ke vaza bhinna-bhinna huA karatI haiM / kintu jaise nartakI mUlasUtra kA sahArA lekara taraha-taraha se nAcatI hai, isase usakA nartana doSapUrNa nahIM hotA, vaise hI pUjA paddhatiyoM kA mUla uddezya bhagavAn kI pUjA hI hai, ataH paddhati bheda meM koI doSa nahIM hai| . gRhastha ko apane avyaktadeva kA svarUpa unakI pratimA ke dvArA samajha lenA caahie| bAlaka ko hAthI, ghor3e Adi kA parijJAna unake AkAravAle khilaunoM ke dvArA hI hotA hai| jinendra bhagavAn ke bimba kI pratiSThA saMsArI AtmAoM ke lie zAntidAyaka hotI hai / kisAna phasala ko pazu-pakSiyoM se bacAye rakhane ke lie hI eka manuSyAkAra putalA banAkara kheta ke bIca khar3A kara detA hai / isase vaha apane uddezya meM saphala hI hotA hai / mantroM ke dvArA jina-bhagavAna ke pratibimba meM jo unake guNo kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sarvathA nirdoSa hI hai / kyA yuddha meM maMtrita kara pheMke gaye ur3ada Adi zatru ke lie maraNa, vikSepa Adi upadrava karane vAle nahIM hote ?' 1. vahI, 2/21 2. vahI, 2/22 3. vahI, 2/23 4. vahI, 2/27 ... jayodaya, 2/28 6. vahIM, 2/29 7. vahIM, 2/30 8. vahIM, 2/31 9. vahIM, 2/32

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 209 gRhastha kisI kArya ke Arambha meM bhagavAn jinendra kA nAma lekara apane-apane iSTadeva kA smaraNa,kareM, to nizcaya hI usakA kArya siddha hogA kintu sadAcAra kA ullaMghana karane para siddhi prApta na hogii|' arahanta bhagavAn ke nAmoccAra mAtra se hI sArI viSabAdhAyeM Tala jAtI haiM / jaise sUrya kA Atapa kisAna ke anna ko pakAtA hai, vaise hI aprakaTarUpa se bhI bhagavAn kA cintana avazya iSTasiddhi karatA hai / isalie bhaktajana tInoM sandhyAoM meM jina bhagavAn kA smaraNa karate rheN| gRhastha ko cAhie ki vaha mana se sadaiva bhagavAn kA smaraNa kiyA kare / parva ke dinoM meM to unakI vizeSa rUpa se bhakti kare, kyoMki gRhastha ke lie nirdoSa rUpa se kI gayI jina-bhagavAn kI bhakti hI mukti dilAne vAlI hotI hai / svAdhyAya buddhimAn manuSya ko apanI buddhi pariSkRta karane ke lie sarasvatI (jinavANI) kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhie, kyoMki zastradhArI puruSa apane zastra ko zANa para car3hAkara hI usake prayoga meM saphala hotA hai| zAstra pradhAnatayA do prakAra ke hote haiM - saMhitAzAstra aura sUktizAstra / saMhitA jana sAdhAraNa ke vicAroM ko lakSya meM rakhakara sAMgopAMga varNana karane vAlI hotI hai, isaliye vaha apane viSaya ko, cAhe vaha prazasta ho yA aprazasta, sadaiva spaTa karatI hai| sUktazAstra vaha hai jo sarvasammata hotA hai / vaha sadaiva hitakara bAteM hI kahatA hai aura paramopayogI hotA hai| ataH vaha apane viSaya ke aprazasta aMza ko gauNa karate hue sadaiva prazasta aMza kA hI varNana kiyA karatA hai| gRhastha vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha sabase pahale jisameM apane karane yogya kulAgata rIti rivAjoM kA varNana ho, aise upAsakAdhyayana-zAstroM kA hI adhyayana kre| kyoMki apane ghara kI jAnakArI na rakhate hue duniyoM ko khojanA ajJatA hI hogii| isa bhUtala para zreSTha prasiddhi ko prApta satpuruSoM ke jIvanacarita kA stavana karane para gRhastha kA duHkha dUra hotA hai aura sukha prApta hotA hai, kyoMki apanA svaccha yA malina mukha darpaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| manuSya samIcIna avasthA, kAla ke niyama, apanI saMgati, zubhagati yA zubhAzubha parivartana kA ThIka-ThIka jJAna prApta karane ke lie karaNAnuyoga-zAstroM kA adhyayana kare / kyoMki suvarNa ke khare-khoTepana kI parIkSA kasauTI para hI kI jAtI hai / isake bAda 1. jayodaya, 2/35 5. jayodaya, 2/43 2. jayodaya, 2/36 6. jayodaya, 2/44 . 3. jayodaya, 2/38 7. jayodaya, 2/45 4. jayodaya, 2/41 8. jayodaya, 2/46 9. jayodaya, 2/47

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210 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana caraNAnuyoga kA adhyayanakara sanmArga ko na chor3atA huA sadaiva sadAcaraNa kare / kyoMki sanmArga para calane vAle ko kyA kaSTa hogA ?' jagat meM kyA-kyA cIjeM haiM aura kisa-kisa cIja kA kaisa sundara yA asundara pariNAma hotA hai, yaha jAnane ke lie dravyAnuyoga-zAstra kA adhyayana karanA cAhie, kyoMki vastu kI vastutA vitarka kA viSaya nahIM hai| ina uparyukta prathamAnuyogAdi zAstroM meM kathana kI apanI-apanI zailI ke bhedoM se AtmakalyANa kI hI bAteM kahI gayI haiN| hama pRthvI para dekhate haiM ki sIne kI mazIna se sInA aura kasIdA nikAlanA ye saba kArIgariyA~ usa vastra ko pahanane yogya banAne ke lie hI hotI haiM / ' binA kucha vicAra kiye saba para vizvAsa para baiThanA apane Apako ThagAnA hai / kintu saba jagaha zaMkA hI zaMkA karanevAlA bhI kucha nahIM kara sakatA / isaliye samajhadAra manuSya yogyatA se kAma le, kyoMki ati sarvatra duHkhadAyI hI hotA hai| tatpazcAt manuSya ko cAhie ki zabda-zAstra par3hakara nirukti ke dvArA padoM kI siddhi jAnate hue vyAkaraNa-zAstra kA jJAna prApta kare / kyoMki vacana kI zuddhi hI padArtha kI zuddhi kI vidhAyaka hotI hai| buddhimAn kA kartavya hai ki vaha kAvyazAstra kA adhyayana karake upamA, apahRti, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM kA bhI jJAna prApta kare / cU~ki vANI prAyaH prasaMgAnusAriNI hotI hai, ataH alaMkAroM dvArA hI vaha apane abhiprAya kA yathocita bodha karA pAtI hai| gRhastha uttama vyAkaraNazAstra, alaMkArazAstra aura chandazAstra jo ki paraspara vAcya-vAcaka ke samanvaya ko lie hue hote haiM aura jo vAGmaya ke nAma se kahe jAte haiM, unakA acchI taraha se adhyayana kre| gRhastha manuSya ko AyurvedazAstra kA bhI adhyayana karanA cAhie jisase apanI sukha-suvidhA ke mArga meM svAsthya se kisI taraha kI bAdhA na hone pAye aura apane sahayogiyoM kA mana bhI prasanna rahe / kyoMki zarIra hI sabhI taraha ke saukhyoM kA mUla hai| jaise ki ghor3e ko uchala-kUda bhI sIkhanI par3atI hai, vaise hI gRhasthAzrama meM rahane vAle manuSya ko kAmazAstra kA adhyayana bhI yalapUrvaka karanA cAhie / anyathA phira aneka prasaMgoM meM dhokhA khAnA par3atA hai| gRhastha ko nimittazAstra yA jyotiSazAstra kA bhI adhyayana karanA cAhie, jisase yathocita bhaviSya kA darzana ho sake / phira usake sahAre 1. jayodaya, 2/48 2. vahI, 2/49 3. vI, 2/50 4. vahIM, 2/51 5. jayodaya, 2/52 6. vahI, 2/54 7. vahI, 2/55 8. vahI, 2/56 9. vahI, 2/57

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 211 asambhava ko bhI sambhava banAyA jA sakatA hai| kAraNa sAMgar3e (sAdhana) ke dvArA bar3I se bar3I zilA ko bhI hilAyA-calAyA jAtA hai / ' sajjana puruSa arthazAstra kA bhI adhyayana kare, jisase vaha Ama logoM meM rahate hue kuzalatApUrvaka jIvana-yApana kara sake aura pratiSThA pA sakeM / anyathA dhanahInatA maraNa se bhI bar3hakara bhayaMkara duHkhadAyinI hotI hai / isake bAda jina bhagavAn kI kIrtana kalA ke lie tAla, laya, mUrcchanA Adi saMgIta ke aMgoM ke sAtha gIti ke prakAra bhI saMgIta zAstra se sIkha le| kyoMki madhura vAkyatA vizva ko vaza meM karane vAlI hotI hai / yadyapi mantrazAstra kaSTa sAdhya pratIta hotA hai, phira bhI utanA hI upayogI, zobhana kAryakArI bhI hai / puruSa yadi svatantracetA ho to use cAhie ki apane kAryoM meM AyI bAdhAoM ko dUra karane ke lie mantrazAstra ke jAnakAra puruSoM ke pAsa rahakara parizramapUrvaka usakI bhI jAnakArI prApta kare / gRhastha ko vAstuzAstra kA bhI adhyayana kara lenA cAhie, tAki usake dvArA apane nivAsa sthAna ko bAdhArahita banA sake / isake atirikta aura bhI jo laukika kalA kuzalatA ke zAstra haiM, unakA bhI adhyayana karane vAlA manuSya saba meM catura kahalAkara apane jIvana ko sampannatA se bitA sakatA hai / " yadyapi ye saba zAstra RSiyoM kI bhASA meM duHzruti nAma se kahe gaye haiM arthAt na par3hane yogya mAne ye haiM phira bhI inheM gRhastha bhI na par3he, aisA nahIM / kyoMki ati mAtrA meM bhojana karanA AmarogakAraka hone se niSiddha kahA gayA hai, phira bhI jise bhasmakaroga ho gayA ho, usake lie to vaha hitakara hI hotA hai / yadyapi nimittazAstra Adi bhI bhagavAn kI vANI se niHsRta hue haiM, phira bhI ve prathamAnuyogAdi zAstroM ke samAna AdaraNIya nahIM haiM / dekho mastaka bhI zarIra kA aMga hai aura paira bhI, phira bhI mastaka ke samAna pairoM kI sadaMgatA nahIM hotI / 7 samajhadAra puruSa kA yAda rakhanA cAhie ki bhagavAn arahanta kI vANI meM bhI jAnane yogya, prApta karane yogya aura chor3ane yogya; aisA tIna taraha kA kathana AtA hai|' jo zAstra yahA~ laukika kAryoM meM hitakara na ho aura sajjanoM ke mana ko tattva ke mArga se bhraSTa karane vAlA ho (ataH paraloka ke lie bhI anupayogI ho), vaha donoM lokoM ko bigAr3ane vAlA kuzAstra hai / use nahIM par3hanA caahie| jisase koI lAbha nahI, use kauna samajhadAra puruSa svIkAra karegA ?? 1 1. jayodaya, 2/58 2. vahI, 2 / 59 3. vahI, 2 / 60 4. vahI, 2 / 61 5. jayodaya, 2 / 62 6. vahI, 2/63 7. vahI, 2 / 64 8. vahI, 2 / 65 9. vahI, 2/66

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212 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana gurupanoM kA Adara manuSya mahApuruSoM ke prati niyamataH bhaktimAn bane / mahApuruSoM ke anugraha kA bindu bhI ho to yahA~ usase bar3hakara bhavyatA kyA hai ? kAraNa, ina mahApuruSoM dvArA AdRta pASANa bhI isa bhUtala para pUjA jAtA hai / ' sAMsArika viSayoM ke sevana se sarvathA dUra rahane vAle aura mokSamArga para nirantara Age bar3hane vAle, jinakA mana kAma-vAsanA se dUra rahatA hai, una gurudeva kA maMgalamaya darzana sadA karate rahanA caahie| jo loga jJAna, cAritra, Ayu aura kula paramparA meM bar3e hoM, una logoM kA bhI laukika mArga meM hita cAhane vAlA puruSa yathAyogya rIti se Adara karatA rahe / ' manuSya ko cAhie ki jisa rAjA ke rAjya meM nivAsa karatA hai, usako prasanna banAye rakhane kI ceSTA kare / usake viruddha koI kAma na kare, kyoMki usake viruddha calanA zalya ke samAna hara samaya duHkha detA rahatA hai / samudra meM rahakara magaramaccha se virodha karanA hitAvaha nahIM hotaa| ina uparyukta pAralaukika aura laukika guruoM ke atirikta jo viSaya-vAsanA ke phande meM phaMse hue haiM, vividha Arambha-parigrahoM meM Asakta haiM tathA vyartha hI svayaM ko guru kahalavAnA cAhate haiM, apane tathA auroM ke bhI sukha ko naSTa karane vAle haiM; una guruoM kA Adara nahIM karanA caahie|' vinaya aura sadAcAra bhUtala para apane kArya ko kuzalatApUrvaka karane ke icchuka manuSya ko cAhie ki yathAyogya rIti se dAna, sammAna aura vinaya dvArA na kevala samAnadharmI logoM ko santuSTa rakhe, balki vidharmI logoM ko bhI apane anukUla banAye rahe aura isa taraha apane gRhastha dharma ke dvArA vijaya prApta kare / dharma kA mUla vinaya hI hai| apane antaraMga ko zuddha rakhane ke liye Astikya (naraka, svargAdi haiM, aisI zraddhA) bhakti (guNoM meM anurAga), dhRti, sAvadhAnatA, tyAgitA (dAnazIla honA), anubhavitA (pratyeka bAta kA vicAra karanA), kRtajJatA, aura naiSpratIcchya (kisI kA bhI bhalA karake usakA badalA nahIM cAhanA), Adi guNoM ko prApta karanA cAhie / yadyapi bhAvanA kI pavitratA sadA kalyANa ke lie hI kahI gaI hai phira bhI bhogAdhIna mana vAle gRhastha ko cAhie ki vaha kama se kama sadAcAra kA avazya dhyAna rakhe arthAt bhale puruSoM ko acchI laganevAlI ceSTA, AcaraNa kiyA kare / kyoMki dezanA karane vAle bhagavAn sarvajJa ne sadAcAra ko hI prathama dharma batalAyA hai| 1. jayodaya, 2/67 5. jayodaya, 2/71 2. vahI, 2/68 6. vahI, 2/72 3. vahI, 2/69 7. vahI, 2/74 4. vahI, 2/70. 8. vahI, 2/75

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 213 dAna . vizvahita kI pavitra bhAvanA ko rakhanevAlA aura sthitikArI mArga kA Adara karanevAlA gRhastha yathAzakti apane nyAyopArjita dravya kA dAna bhI karatA rahe / yoM peTa to kuttA bhI zIghra bhara hI letA hai|' madhura saMbhASaNapUrvaka apanI zakti ke anusAra yogya anna aura jala kA dAna karate hue apane ghara Aye atithi kA samIcInarUpa se visarjana karanA arthAt use prasannakara bhejanA gRhastha ke dharma kAryoM meM sabase mukhya hai / sRSTi ke lie kiyA huA dAna hI apane abhISTa ke poSaNa ke lie hotA hai / jaise jamIna meM sIMcA huA jala vRkSa ke saMvardhana ke lie hI hotA hai / gRhastha apane saMcita pApakarma ko dUra haTAne ke lie dharmapAtra (digambara sAdhu Adi) kA saMtarpaNa kare aura aihika jIvana prasannatA se bitAne ke lie kAryapAtroM (bhRtyAdi) kI AvazyakatAyeM bhI yathocita pUrI karatA rahe / isake atirikta apanA yaza bhUmaNDala para phaile, isake lie dAna bhI detA rahe, kyoMki apayazI puruSa jIvana hI kaise bitA sakegA ?" kuzala aura zuddhacitta gRhastha, muniyoM meM zraddhA rakhate hue navadhA bhakti dvArA unake lie bhojana, vastra, pAtrAdi upakaraNa, auSadhi aura zAstra kA dAna kare kyoMki yatiyoM kA sAnnidhya to vinayAdi guNoM se hI prApta hotA hai / gRhastha ko cAhie ki vaha jisa prakAra guNavAn RSivaroM kA Adara kare usI prakAra samIcIna mArga ko apanAne vAle madhyama sAdhuoM aura taTastha sAdhuoM ko bhI saMtarpita karatA rahe / kyoMki lajjAvAn rAjA dhanavAnoM tathA garIboM donoM ko apanI prajA kA aMga mAnatA hai / ___ gRhastha kA kartavya hai ki yathAyogya makAna Adi upayogI vastuyeM dekara sabakI saMbhAla karatA rahe jisase jIvana nirvAha meM suvidhA banI rahe / kyoMki rAtri meM dIpaka ke binA gati hI kyA hai ? arthAt rAtri meM dIpaka ke binA jaise nirvAha kaThina hotA hai, vaise hI aisA na karane para gRhastha jIvana bhI dUbhara bana jAtA hai| aihika jIvana sukha-suvidhA se bitAne kI icchA vAle gRhastha ko Avazyaka hai ki apane trivarga ke sAdhana meM sahAyatA karane vAle logoM ko bhI santuSTa karate hue unheM nirAkula banAye / agara kumbhakAra na ho to hameM bartana kauna degA aura phira hama apane pIne kA pAnI kisameM lAyeMge ? nizcaya hI prANImAtra kA kaSTa dUra ho jAya, isa prakAra karuNA kI komala bhAvanA rakhate hue gRhastha samaya-samaya 1. jayodaya, 2/91 2. vahIM, 2/92 3. vahIM, 2/93 4. vahIM, 2/94 5. jayodaya, 2/95 6. vahI, 2/96 7. vahI, 2/97 8. vahI, 2/98

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214 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana para logoM ko anna-vastrAdi detA rahe / kyoMki male puruSoM kA vaibhava paropakAra ke lie hI huA karatA hai|' gRhastha ko avasara ke anusAra samAna-dharmA gRhastha ko usake lie Avazyaka aura gRhasthocita kAryoM meM suvidhA utpanna karane vAle kanyA, suvarNa, kambala Adi dhana-sampatti bhI denA cAhie kyoMki saMsAra meM jIvoM kA jIvana-nirvAha paraspara ke sahayoga se hI hotA __ yahA~ to suvarNa kA hI dAna denA cAhie, tabhI puNya hogA, isa taraha kI vicAradhArA lekara dasa prakAra ke dAna jo loka meM prasiddha haiM, saMsAra se pAra honA cAhanevAle manuSya ko unase dUra hI rahanA cAhie / kyoMki puNya kA kAraNa to yogyatA hI hotI hai| jo sanmArga kI ha~sI ur3AtA aura usase dveSa karatA hai, jo uddhata svabhAva aura kRtaghna hai; aise puruSa ko kabhI kucha bhI nahIM denA cAhie / dekho, apane prANoM kA nAza karane vAlA sAMpa ko kauna samajhadAra svayaM jA kara dUdha pilAyegA ? yahA~ jo vastu anupayogI hai, pratyuta hAnikAraka hai, vahA~ use denA bhI pApakArI hotA hai| kyoMki jisakI jaTharAgni prajvalita hai, usI ko vicArapUrvaka diyA gayA ghI ThIka hotA hai / rogI ke liye diyA vahI ghRta hAnikara hI hotA hai| apane kula kA sukha se nirvAha hotA rahe aura svayaM isa saMsAra meM nirAkula ho kara paramAtmA kI ArAdhanA kara sake, yaha dhyAna meM rakhakara manuSya jIvana bhara suyogya puruSa ke lie Avazyaka vastu detA rahe / kyoMki satpuruSoM kI ceSTAyeM to apane aura parAye donoM ke kalyANa ke lie hI hotI haiM / isake atirikta gRhastha ko cAhie ki apanA to yaza ho aura pUrvajoM kI smRti banI rahe tathA sarva sAdhAraNa meM sadbhAvanA kI jAgRti ho, isalie jinamandira, dharmazAlA Adi paropakAra ke aneka sAdhana bhI juTAtA rahe, jisase sanmArga kI pratiSThA banI rahe / isa prakAra paramArtha kI zraddhA rakhane vAle aura zIla, saMyama se yukta tathA bhalI AjIvikA vAle manuSya ke lie AcAryoM ne yaha deva-pUjana aura dAnarUpa jo do kAma batAye haiM, ve nitya hI karane cAhie / phira parva Adi vizeSa avasaroM para to ina donoM kAryoM kA vizeSa rUpa se sampAdana karanA cAhie / nirAmiSa AhAra dAna aura pUjA ke anantara gRhastha ko cAhie ki vaha manuSyocita (jisakA ki 1. jayodaya, 2/99 2. vahI, 2/100 3. vahI, 2/101 4. vahI, 2/102 5. jayodaya, 2/103 6. vahI, 2/104 7. vahI, 2/105 8. vahI, 2/106.

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 215 samarthana AyurvedazAstra se hotA ho) tathA svayaM ke lie rucikara nirAmiSa bhojana apane kuTumba varga ke sAtha eka paMkti meM baiThakara kiyA kare / thAla meM kucha chor3akara hI saba ke sAtha utthe| yaha gRhastha kI sAmAjika sabhyatA hai| inhIM gRhasthoM meM jo ArSamArga kA Adara karane vAlA ho, jisakA hRdaya sudRr3ha ho aura trivarga mArga kI ora se haTakara jisakA jhukAva mokSamArga kI ora ho gayA ho, aisA vyakti paMkti bhoja na karake akelA hI zuddha bhojana kare aura jhUThana na chodd'e| tAmasika rAkSasAzana (madya mAMsAdirUpa bhojana) mAnavatA kA nAzaka hai aura pAzavika bhojana jo indriya lampaTatA ko liye hotA hai, vaha bhI bigAr3a karane vAlA hai| ina donoM taraha ke bhojana ko manuSya dUra se hI chor3a de, kyoMki samajhadAra manuSya ayogya sthAna meM pravRtti kaise kara sakatA hai ? nyAyapUrvaka dhanArjana ... jo manuSya kI saba taraha kI abhilASAoM kA sAdhana hai, ataeva jisane apane "artha" nAma ko sArthaka kara batAyA hai. aura jo (1) kRpaNatA, (2) arjita karate hI vyaya kara denA, (3) mUla ko bhI naSTa kara denA; ina tInoM doSoM se rahita hai tathA tIrthasthAnoM ke lie sahaja meM lagAyA jAtA hai, aise artha kA manuSya arthAnubandha dvArA apane kulayogya AjIvikA calAte hue artha upArjana kare / nizcaya hI aisA karane vAlA manuSya duniyA~ meM nirantara pratiSThA kA pAtra banakara sarvathA prasannatA kA anubhava karatA hai|" sAyaMjana paramAtmA kA dhyAna __ dezakAla ke anusAra sAyaMkAla taka samucita pravRtti karanevAle gRhastha ko sAyaMkAla ke samaya citta ko sthira karake paramAtmA kA smaraNa karanA cAhiye kyoMki citta kI sthiratA hI pApoM se bacAne vAlI hotI hai / 5. saptavyasana tyAga manuSya ko dyUtakrIr3A, mAMsAhAra, madyapAna, parastrIsaMgama, vezyAgamana, zikAra, corI tathA nAstikatA bhI tyAga denA cAhie, anyathA yaha sArA bhUmaNDala ApadAoM se ghira jaayegaa| niHzaMka hokara kutsita AcaraNa karane ko vidvAnoM ne nAstikatA kahA hai / jo sabhI prakAra ke vyavahAroM kA lopa kara detI hai / vaha aneka saMkaToM kI paramparA khar3I kara 1. jayodaya, 2/107 2. vahI, 2/108 3. vahI, 2/109 4. jayodaya, 2/110 5. vahI, 2/122 6. vahI, 2/125

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* 216 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana detI hai ataH usase sadaiva dUra rahanA caahie|' zarta lagAkara koI bhI kAma karanA dyUta hai / isameM hArane aura jItane vAle donoM saMkleza pAte hue nAnA prakAra ke kukarmoM meM pravRtta hote haiM / cara jIvoM kA zarIra mAMsa nAma se prasiddha hai, jisakA khAnA to dUra, nAma lenA bhI sajjanoM ke bIca sarvathA niSiddha hai / isalie uttama zAka-phalAdi ke rahate hue mAMsa khAnA mahApApa hai|' isa bhUtala para bhAMga, tamAkhU, sulaphA, gA~jA, Adi vastuoM ko nirlajja ho svIkAra karanevAlA mAnava buddhi-vikAra, paravazatA aura atyanta dInatA prApta karatA hai / isIlie jo ina madakArI padArthoM se matta ho jAtA hai, vaha dhanya nahIM, apitu nindya hai / " madhu (zahada) madhumakkhiyoM ke mede kI dhArAoM se bharA hotA hai aura makkhiyoM ke chatte ko nirdayatApUrvaka nicor3akara nikAlA jAtA hai, ataH vaha bhI abhakSya hai| vaizyA mAnoM sampUrNa pApoM kA hATa hai, caurAhe para rakhI jala kI maTakI ke samAna sabhI ke lie bhogyA hai / usake upabhoga meM kalyANa lezamAtra bhI nahIM hotA / kintu isake viparIta vaha zarIra kI zoSaka hai, aneka prakAra ke upadaMza Adi roga hokara zarIra kA nAza karatI hai / ataH usake sAtha praNaya sarvathA anaitika hai| jo loga zikAra khelate haiM, ve vinodavaza niraparAdha prANiyoM kA saMhAra karate haiM / ve yamarAja ke nikaTa kaThora daNDa ke bhAgI banate haiN| dhana saMsAra bhara ke prANiyoM ko prANoM se bhI adhika priya hotA hai| usakA apaharaNa karane vAle kA citta svayaM hI bhayabhIta huA karatA hai / apanI zIghra mRtyu ke lie apane hAthoM khode gaye gaDDhe ke samAna isa cauryakarma ko karanA zreyaskara nahIM hai| . yaha jIvanapaddhati paramparayA mokSa kA kAraNa hai / Aryajana isakA Azraya lete haiN| isake viruddha jo svecchAcaraNa, hai vaha anAryapuruSoM kI jIvanapaddhati hai / vaha saMsAra meM hI bhramaNa karAtI hai / usase manuSya narakAdi gatiyoM ke bhayaMkara duHkhoM kA pAtra banatA hai / am 1. jayodaya, 2/126 2. vahI, 2/127 3. vahI, 2/128 4. vahI, 2/129 5. jayodaya, 2/130 6. vahI, 2/133 7. vahI, 2/134 8. vahI. 2/135 1. vahI, 2/136

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dvAdaza adhyAya upasaMhAra jayodaya ke praNetA mahAkavi, bAlabrahmacArI bhUrAmalajI jaina, jo Age calakara digambara jaina AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI ke nAma se prasiddha hue, yathArthataH jJAna ke agAdha sAgara the / ve dharma, darzana, vyAkaraNa aura nyAya ke vetA evaM mUlAcAra kI sAkAra pratimA the| niSparigrahitA, nirmamatva, nirabhimAnitA unake bhUSaNa the / kavitva unakA svAbhAvika guNa thaa| mahAkavi ne jayodaya, vIrodaya Adi mahAkAvyoM evaM dayodaya jaise campUkAvya kI racanAkara saMskRta sAhitya kI samRddhi meM abhUtapUrva yogadAna kiyA hai / unake dvArA hindI sAhitya kI bhI zrIvRddhi huI hai| . jayodaya kI kathA kA srota AcArya jinasena evaM AcArya guNabhadraracita AdipurANa hai / isI ko AdhAra banAkara mahAkavi ne jayodaya mahAkAvya kA sRjana kiyA hai / isakI saMskRta TIkA bhI kavi ne svayaM likhI hai / prastuta mahAkAvya meM 28 sarga evaM 3101 zloka haiN| dharmasaMgata artha aura kAma kA AvazyakatAnusAra upArjana aura bhoga karane ke uparAnta jIvana ko mokSa kI sAdhanA meM lagAnA mAnava-jIvana kA prayojana hai, yaha sandeza jayodaya mahAkAvya kI racanA kA lakSya hai| rAjA jayakumAra svayaMvara sabhA meM rAjakumArI sulocanA ke dvArA varaNa kiye jAte haiN| donoM kA vivAha hotA hai / jIvana ko dharma se anuzAsita rakhate hue bhautika sukhoM kA saMyamapUrvaka bhoga karate haiM, laukika kartavya ko bar3I vIratA aura kuzalatA se nivAhate haiM aura anta meM Atma-kalyANa hetu mokSa-mArga grahaNa kara lete haiM / isa kathAvastu se kAvyaracanA kA ukta uddezya spaSTa ho jAtA hai| __jIvana meM jo spRhaNIya aura aspRhaNIya hai, karaNIya aura akaraNIya hai, heya aura upAdeya hai; usakA prabhAvazAlI sampreSaNa mAnavIya caritra-citraNa ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava hai| mAnava-caritra kA citraNa hI rasAnubhUti kA srota banatA hai / ataH kavi kA mahattvapUrNa kArya hotA hai kAvya meM spRhaNIya aura aspRhaNIya caritravAle pAtroM ko nivaddha karanA tathA unakI cAritrika pravRttiyoM kA prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se citraNa karanA / jayodaya ke mahAkavi ne isa kArya meM adbhuta saphalatA prApta kI hai|

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218 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ___mahAkAvya kA rUpa dene tathA kAvya ko rasAtmaka banAne ke lie kathA meM Avazyaka parivartana kiye haiM tathA isameM vividha rocaka prasaMgoM kA vinyAsa kiyA hai / kintu kathAvastu ke pariSkAra aura pAtroM ke caritra varNana yA ghaTanAoM ke upanyAsa mAtra se kAvyatva ghaTita nahIM hotA / kAvyatva AtA hai ukti kI vakratA se / kavi jaba kAvya vastu ko vakrabhASA meM prastuta karatA hai taba kAvya kA janma hotA hai / ukti kI vakratA ke binA koI bhI kathana itihAsa yA purANa banakara raha jAtA hai / kAvya kA jitanA sambandha artha se hai utanA hI zabda se arthAt bhASA se hai, balki bhASA se kahIM adhika hai| kyoMki kAvya kI utpatti ke lie kavi ko apanA kauzala pradhAnatayA bhASA meM hI dikhalAnA hotA hai / vastutaH abhivyakti kI hRdayasparzI evaM ramaNIya zailI kA nAma hI kAvya hai / isIlie karpUramaMjarIkAra rAjazekhara ne kahA hai - "uttiviseso kavvaM (ukti vizeSa hI kAvya hai) aura kuntaka ne to vakrokti ko kAvya kA prANa hI batalAyA hai / ukti kI vakratA se hI bhASA kAvyAtmaka banatI hai | jayodayakAra ne ukti ko vakra arthAt bhASA ko kAvyAtmaka banAne kA pUrNa prayAsa kiyA hai / unhoMne vakrokti ke prAyaH sabhI prakAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai jaise - varNavinyAsavakratA, upacAravakratA, rUDhivaicitryavakratA, paryAyavakratA, vizeSaNavakratA, saMvRtivakratA, vRttivaicitryavakratA, liMgavaicitryavakratA, kriyAvaicitryavakratA, kArakavakratA, saMkhyAvakratA, puruSavakratA, upasargavakratA, nipAtavakratA, vastuvakratA Adi / ye lAkSaNika evaM vyaMjaka prayogoM ke vibhinna bheda haiM / dhvani, alaMkAra, pratIka, bimba, muhAvare, lokoktiyA~, sUktiyA~ Adi abhivyakti ke sabhI prakAra inameM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| lakSaNAmUlaka dhvani kA antarbhAva upacAravakratA meM tathA abhidhAmUlaka dhvani kA rUDhivaicitryavakratA evaM payAryavakratA meM hai| varNAdimUlaka asaMlakSyakramadhvani vRtti, bhAva, liMga, kriyA, kAla, kAraka, saMkhyA, puruSa, upasarga, nipAta Adi kI vakratAoM meM antarbhUta hai| vAkya-vakratA ke antargata alaMkAra, bimba, lokoktiyA~ evaM sUktiyA~ A jAtI haiM / upacAravakratA, pratIka evaM muhAvare lAkSaNika prayogoM ke rUpa haiN| jayodayakAra ne ina samasta zailIya tattvoM se ukti ko vakra (lAkSaNika evaM vyaMjaka) arthAt bhASA ko kAvyAtmaka banAyA hai, jisase abhivyakti meM hRdayasparzitA evaM ramaNIyatA kA AdhAna hone ke phalasvarUpa eka uccakoTi ke kAvya kI sRSTi saMbhava huI hai / . ukta zailIya tattvoM kI vizeSatA yaha ki ve kathana ko prabhAvapUrNa, hRdayasparzI evaM AhlAdaka banAte haiM / ve vyakti, vastu evaM bhAvoM ke svarUpa kI jAnakArI nahIM dete apitu anubhUti karAte haiN|

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219 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana koI vastu kitanI sundara yA kurUpa hai, kisI manuSya kA caritra kitanA utkRSTa yA nikRSTa hai, kisI vyakti kI prakRti kitanI madhura yA kaTu, sarala yA kuTila hai, kisI kA krodha kitanA tIvra, prema kitanA utkaTa, ghRNA kitanI gahana, manodazA kitanI dvandvAtmaka, paristhiti kitanI biDambanApUrNa, pIr3A kitanI mantika, sukha kitanA asIma hai, isakI pratIti upacAravakratA, alaMkAra vidhAna, pratIkayojanA Adi vakroktiyoM se hI saMbhava hotI hai / saundarya kI alaukikatA athavA asaundarya kI parAkASThA, mAnavacaritra kI parAkASThA yA usakI niSkRSTatA, prema kI utkaTatA, ghRNA kI gahanatA, harSa ke atireka, viSAda kI saghanatA Adi ke anubhava se hRdaya udvelita evaM rasamana hotA hai, dUsarI ora ukti ke vaicitrya se kathana meM ramaNIyatA kI anubhUti hotI hai / jayodayakAra ne ukta zailIya tattvoM ke samucita prayoga se saundaryAdi tattvoM kI alaukikatA, premAdi bhAvoM kI utkaTatA, krodhAdi vikAroM kI ugratA, mAnavacaritra kI udAttatA Adi ko AsvAdana kA viSaya banAkara sahadaya hRdaya ko rasamagna evaM bhAvamana karane aura uktivaicitryajanita ramaNIyatA kA anubhava karAne meM paryApta saphalatA pAyI hai| upacAravakratA ke antargata kavi ne mukhyataH mAnava para tiryaJca ke dharma kA Aropa acetana para cetana ke dharma kA, cetana para acetana ke dharma kA, amUrta para mUrta ke dharma kA, tathA eka cetana para dUsare cetana evaM eka acetana para dUsare acetana kA Aropa kiyA hai, arthAt unameM abheda darzAyA hai / isa uktivaicitrya se unhoMne krodha, prema, santApa, bhakti Adi manobhAvoM ke atizaya kI vyaMjanA kA camatkAra dikhalAyA hai / vastu kI sundaratA, sukhadatA evaM duHkhadatA kI parAkASThA ke dyotana meM nipuNatA pradarzita kI hai evaM rUpAdi ke avalokana evaM vacanAdi ke zravaNa meM manuSya jo kabhI-kabhI tallInatA kI carama avasthA meM pahu~ca jAtA hai, usakA sAkSAtkAra karAne meM kavi adbhuta rUpa se saphala huA hai| .... ....kavi ke dvArA prayukta muhAvaroM ko nimna vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai : vakrakriyAtmaka, vakravizeSaNAtmaka, nidarzanAtmaka, anubhAvAtmaka, upamAtmaka evaM rUpakAtmaka muhAvaroM ke prayoga dvArA mahAkavi ne abhivyakti ko ramaNIya banAte hue pAtroM ke manobhAvoM evaM manodazAoM ke svarUpa, cAritrika vizeSatAoM, vastu ke guNa-vaiziSTya, kArya ke aucitya-anaucitya ke stara tathA ghaTanAoM evaM paristhitiyoM kI gambhIratA ko anubhUtigamya banAyA hai aura isake dvArA sahRdaya ko bhAvamagna evaM rasasikta karate hue jayodaya meM kAvyatva ke prANa phUMke haiN| ..

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana jayodaya meM jina pratIkoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai ve prakRti, itihAsa, purANa tathA prANivarga se liye gaye haiN| pratIka - vidhAna dvArA vastu aura bhAvoM kA amUrta evaM sUkSma svarUpa hRdayaMgama tathA hRdayasparzI bana par3A hai, abhivyakti AhlAdaka to banI hI hai / 220 1 kavi kA alaMkAra vinyAsa apUrva hai / arthAlaMkAroM meM mahAkavi ne upamA, rUpaka, uThaprekSA, apahnuti, sasandeha, samAsokti, vyatireka, bhrAntimAn, nidarzanA, arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAnta, prativastUpamA, vibhAvanA, vizeSokti, virodhAbhAsa evaM dIpaka kA Azraya liyA hai| vastu kI svAbhAvika ramaNIyatA, utkRSTatA evaM viziSTatA, manobhAvoM kI komalatA tathA ugratA evaM cAritrika vaiziSTya ko cArutvamayI abhivyakti dene ke liye upamA ko mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai / rUpaka dvArA vastu ke saundarya, bhAvAtireka tathA amUrta tattvoM ke atIndriya svarUpa kA mAnasa sAkSAtkAra karAyA hai / utprekSA ke prayoga se bhAvAtmakatA evaM citrAtmakatA kI sRSTi huI hai tathA caritra evaM vastu varNana meM prabhAvotpAdakatA AI hai| apahnuti, sasandeha evaM vyatireka ne vastu ke saundaryAtizaya tathA lokottaratA kI pratIti meM hAtha baTAyA hai / samAsokti zRMgArarasa kI vyaMjanA meM sahAyaka hai / bhrAntimAn alaMkAra vastu ke guNAtizaya kI vyaMjanA meM agraNI rahA hai| kArya ke aucitya - anaucitya ke stara ko nidarzanA ne bhalI bhA~ti unmIlita kiyA hai / arthAntaranyAsa ne manovaijJAnika, dhArmika evaM naitika tathyoM ke bala para mAnavIya AcaraNa evaM karttavya vizeSa ke aucitya kI siddhi meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai| isake dvArA jIvana kI saphalatA ke lie Avazyaka nirdeza dene kA prayojana bhI siddha kiyA gayA hai / kathana ke aucitya kI siddhi, usake spaSTIkaraNa tathA bhAvAtireka kI vyaMjanA meM dRSTAnta evaM prativastUpamA ne camatkAra dikhAyA hai / vastu ke guNavaiziSTya kI vyaMjanA meM vibhAvanA tathA vastu ke utkarSAdi ke dyotana meM virodhAbhAsa kA aucityapUrNa prayoga kiyA gayA hai / dIpaka ke dvArA mahAkavi ne strI saundarya kI atyanta prabhAvazAlitA tathA puruSoM ke citta kI nitAnta durbalatA ke prakAzana meM vacanAtIta saphalatA pAyI hai / bimba yojanA meM bhI santakavi siddhahasta haiM / kavi ne aindriya saMvedanAzrita bimboM meM sparza, dRSTi, zravaNa tathA svAda indriyoM se sambandhita bimboM kI yojanA kI hai / abhivyakti-vidhA ke AdhAra para jayodayagata bimboM ko tIna zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - alaMkArAzrita, lakSaNAzrita, muhAvarAzrita tathA lokokti-Azrita / bhASika avayavoM kI dRSTi se unameM vAkyAzrita, saMjJAzrita, vizeSaNAzrita, evaM kriyAzrita bheda dRSTigocara hotA hai / kavi ne cetana-acetana tattvoM kI indriyagocara avasthAoM ke varNana dvArA unakA bimba ( mAnasika citra) nirmita karate hue eka ora unakI pratyakSavat anubhUti karAI hai, dUsarI ora sAdRzyAdi sambandha ke AdhAra para prastuta vastu yA pAtra kI atIndriya aura sUkSma avasthA, guNa yA bhAva ko hRdayaMgama banAyA hai| abhivyaMjanA kI isa zailI ne kAvya rocakatA bhara dI hai|

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana kavi ne lokoktiyoM aura sUktiyoM kA yathAsthAna prayogakara abhivyakti meM cAra cA~da lagA diye haiN| inake dvArA kavi ne siddhAntoM kI puSTi, jIvana aura jagata kI ghaTanAoM kA samAdhAna tathA upadeza aura AcaraNavizeSa ke aucitya kI siddhikara abhivyakti meM prANa phUMke haiM | lokoktiyoM ne anekatra tathyoM ke marma ko ubhArakara unheM gahana aura tIkSNa banA diyA hai, jisase kathana meM marmasparzitA A gaI hai / pAtroM ke cAritrika vaiziSTya kI abhivyakti meM sUktiyA~ bar3I kAragara siddha huI haiM / kahIM pramaMgavaza nIti-vizeSa ke pratipAdana hetu mUktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ina sabhI sandarbho meM lokoktiyoM ora sUktiyoM ne abhivyakti ke ramaNIya banAne kA cAmatkArika kArya kiyA hai / ramAtmakatA kAvya kA prANa hai | ramAnubhUti ke mAdhyama se hI mAmAjikoM ke kartavyAkartavya kA upadeza hRdayaMgama karAyA jA sakatA hai / jayodayakAra isa tathyoM meM pUrI taraha avagata rahe haiM / isIlie unhoMne apane kAvya meM zRMgAra se lekara zAnta taka mabhI gyo kI manohArI vyaMjanA kI hai aura vibhinna sthAyibhAvoM ke udabodhana dvArA mahadayoM ko gmavibhora karate hue dharmapUrvaka artha aura kAma tathA antataH mokSa kI siddhi ke lie prerita kiyA hai| zAntarasa jayodaya mahAkAvya kA aMgIrasa hai, kyoMki prastuta mahAkAvya kI racanA kA mUla uddezya saMsAra kI asAratA aura duHkhamayatA tathA mokSa kI sArabhUtatA evaM sukhamayatA kI ora dhyAna AkRSTakara manuSya ko mokSa kI ora unmukha karanA hai| kintu kavi ne isa uddezya kI siddhi sarasatApUrvaka kAntA-sammita rIti se karanI cAhI hai. isalie zRMgArAdi laukikarama se kAvya meM madhuratA kI puTa dI hai, kintu ve sava zAntarasa ke dAsa haiM, svAmI to zAntarama hI hai| - rasa ke atirikta rasAbhAsa, bhAva, bhAvodaya, bhAvasandhi, aura bhAvazavalatA kA unmIlana bhI prastuta mahAkAvya meM kiyA gayA hai / bhAva ke antargata devaviSayaka evaM guru viSayaka rati kI ajastra dhArAoM se jayodaya plAvita hai| varNavinyAsayakratA meM guNa, rIti aura zabdAlaMkAroM kA antarbhAva hai / isake dvArA mahAkavi ne vividha prabhAvoM kI sRSTi kI hai / nAda saundarya evaM layAtmaka zruti mAdhurya kI utpatti, mAdhurya evaM oja guNoM kI vyaMjanA dvArA rasotkarSa, vastu kI komalatA. kaThoratA Adi ke dyotana evaM bhAvoM ko ghanIbhUta karane meM kavi ne vargoM kA aucityapUrNa vinyAsa kiyA hai / varNavinyAsavakratA ke nimna prakAra prastuta mahAkAvya meM prayukta kiye gaye haiM - chekAnuprAma. vRttyanuprAsa, zrutyanuprAsa, antyAnuprAsa, yamaka tathA mAdhurya vyaMjaka evaM ojovyaMjaka vrnnvinyaas| .. kAvya aura nATya kA viSaya mAnava-carita hI huA karatA hai / usI ke mAdhyama se : kavi rasavyaMjanA karatA hai / isIliye AcArya bharata ne kahA hai "maiMne nAnA bhAvoM se samandhita

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222 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana tathA vividha avasthAoM se yukta lokavRtta kA anukaraNa karane vAle nATya kI racanA kI hai|"jyody kA viSaya bhI mAnava-carita hai / rAjA jayakumAra aura rAjakumArI sulocanA kA praNaya, svayaMvaraNa, sukhamaya dAmpatyajIvana, jayakumAra kI vIratA, pranA-prema, dharma-vatsalatA, vairAgya, tapazcaraNa tathA mokSaprApti, sulocanA kA utkRSTazIla, dharma-vatsalatA, vairAgya, tathA AryikA dIkSA lekara AtmotthAna kI mAdhanA, yaha bhoga aura yoga se samanvita Adarza mAnavacaritra jayodaya kA pramukha pratipAdya hai| kavi ne pAtroM ke kuzala caritra-citraNa dvArA mAnava-carita kI vaiyaktika vibhinnatAoM kA manovaijJAnika pakSa bar3I nipuNatA se udghATita kiyA hai tathA unakI komala aura ugra, udAtta evaM kSudra, ramaNIya evaM vIbhatsa bhAvanAoM kA kalAtmaka unmIlana kara sahRdayoM ko rasa-sindhu meM avagAhana kA avasara pradAna kiyA hai / mahAkAvya ke mAdhyama se mamyaka jIvanadarzana aura Adarza jIvanapaddhati para prakAza DAlanA kavi kA mukhya dhyeya rahA hai / isIliye unhoMne kAvya ke lie aisA paurANika kathAnaka cunA hai, jisake nAyaka-nAyikA dharma se anuprANita haiM aura jinake jIvana kA carama lakSya mokSa hai / manuSya ke abhyudaya aura niHzreyasa kI siddhi samyaka jIvanadarzana aura samIcIna jIvana-paddhati se hI saMbhava hai / isalie Atmahita aura lokahita meM nirata santakavi inhIM se paricita karAne ke lie kAvya aura nATya ko mAdhyama banAte haiM, kyoMki kAvya aura nATya kAntAsammita upadeza ke advitIya sAdhana haiM / - jayodaya meM jo jIvanadarzana prativimbita huA hai, usake mAnya siddhAnta haiM sRSTi kI anAdi-anantatA, AtmA kI nityatA evaM svatantratA, karmasiddhAnta, punarjanma evaM mokss| isa jIvanadarzana se anuprerita jIvanapaddhati ke vibhinna aMgoM ko kavi ne munirAja dvArA mahArAja jayakumAra ko diye gaye upadeza ke mAdhyama se prakaTa kiyA hai| ve mukhyataH nimnalikhita haiMpuruSArtha catuSTaya, devapUjana, svAdhyAya, gurujanoM kA Adara, vinaya aura sadAcAra, dAna, nirAmiSa AhAra, nyAyapUrvaka dhanArjana evaM sapta-vyasana tyAga / ye sabhI bhAratIya jIvana paddhati ke pramukha aMga haiN| . isa prakAra eka udAtta kathAnaka evaM abhivyakti kI hRdayasparzI ramaNIya zailI ne "jayodaya" mahAkAvya ko kAvyatva ke bhavya saundarya se maNDita kara diyA hai / vibhinna prakAra kI uktivakratAoM, pratIkoM, muhAvaroM, alaMkAroM, bimboM, lokoktiyoM evaM sUktiyoM ke prayoga ne jayodaya kI bhASA ko anupama kAvyAtmakatA pradAna kI hai / tanmaya kara dene vAlI rasadhvani, kuzala caritracitraNa evaM kAntAsammita hitopadeza ne mahAkAvya ke AtmapakSa ko saMvArA hai| ye guNa jayodaya ko bRhattrayI kI zreNI meM pratiSThita karate haiM /

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prathama pariziSTa mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara kI aprakAzita saMskRta racanAyeM mahAkavi AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI kI do maulika kRtiyoM kI pANDulipiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM - vIrazarmAbhyudaya aura bhaktiyA~ / yahA~ atisaMkSepa meM inakI jAnakArI mAtra dI jA rahI hai, jisase utkRSTa sAhityakAra kI sAhitya sampadA kA paricaya mila sake vIrazarmAbhyudaya - 1 jayodaya, vIrodaya ke samAna hI vIra zarmAbhyudaya bhI eka mahAkAvya hai / vIrodaya ke samAna hI isakA kathAnaka tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke tyAga-tapasyA se paripUrNa jIvana para AdhArita hai / prastuta mahAkAvya ke mAtra chaha sarga upalabdha hue haiN| jayodaya ke samAna hI kavi ne isakI svopajJa TIkA bhI likhI hai / upalabdha sargoM kA paM. pannAlAlajI sAhityAcArya ne sampAdana evaM anuvAda bhI kara diyA hai| zeSa sargoM kA anveSaNa kiyA jA rahA hai / sargoM kA varNyaviSaya isa prakAra hai - prathama sarga meM kavi ne maMgalAcaraNa kara apanI laghutA pradarzita kI hai / anantara sajjanoM kI prazaMsA tathA durjanoM ke svarUpa kA nidarzana, videhadeza bharatakSetra, kuNDalapura nagara, vahA~ sthita jinAlaya, bhavanoM kA manohArI varNana kiyA hai| dvitIya sarga kuNDalapuranareza siddhArtha kI zArIrika suSamA, vijayayAtrA, pratApa aura vizuddha kIrti kA dyotaka hai| tRtIya sarga rAjA siddhArtha kI rAnI trizalA ke aMga-pratyaMga ke saundaryanirUpaNa ke lie samarpita hai / caturtha sarga meM kavi ne zleSopamA alaMkAra ke dvArA rAjA siddhArtha kI sabhA evaM rAjA ke guNavaiziSTya kA vizada vivecana kiyA hai / isI marga meM isa tathya ki- 'trizalA ke garbha meM tIrthaMkara AyeMge' indra avadhijJAna ke dvArA garbha meM Ane ke chaha mAha pUrva jAna letA hai, ko manohArI DhaMga se citrita kiyA gayA hai / indra deviyoM ko tIrthaMkara kI hone vAlI mAtA kI sevA karane antaHpura meM bhejatA hai / deviyA~ vahA~ jAkara rAnI ke prati maMgala kAmanA karatI haiM aura nirantara unakI sevA meM tatpara rahatI haiM / eka dina rAtri ke antima prahara meM rAnI solaha svapna dekhatI hai - airAvata hAthI, vRSabha, siMha, gajalakSmI, do mAlAeM, candramA, sUrya / pANDulipi meM sAta svapnoM ke uparAnta ke pRSTha upalabdha nahIM haiM, ataH yaha sarga apUrNa hai / ina anupalabdha pRSThoM meM solaha meM se zeSa svapna, unakA phala evaM garbhakalyANaka kA varNana honA cAhie / paJcama sarga meM tIrthaMkara ke janmAbhiSeka aura SaSTha sarga meM unakI bAlyAvasthA, bAlakrIr3AoM kI AlaMkArika bhASA meM prabhAvazAlI abhivyaMjanA huI hai / ina sargoM meM kramazaH 91, 71, 85, 78 evaM 100 padya haiM / yaha pANDulipi anveSaNa evaM prakAzana kI pratIkSA meM hai /

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224 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana saMskRta-bhaktiyA~ 'pUjyAnAM guNeSvanurAgo bhaktiH' pUjya puruSoM ke guNoM meM anurAga honA bhakti hai / mana kI caMcala cittavRttiyoM ko rokane, unheM zAnta karane, mana ko ekAgra karane ke lie bhakta pUjya puruSoM kI bhakti kiyA karate haiM / mahAkavi ne isI prayojana se bhaktiyoM kA sRjana kiyA hai / unake dvArA racita upalabdha bhaktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM - caityabhakti, zAntibhakti, tIrthaMkarabhakti, caturviMzatistuti, siddhabhakti, pratikramaNabhakti, cAritrabhakti, AcAryabhakti, zrutabhakti, yogibhakti, paramagurubhakti, kAyotsargabhakti tathA samAdhibhakti | Apane inhIM saMskRta bhaktiyoM kA hindI padyAnuvAda bhI sarala kintu manohArI bhASA meM kiyA hai / siddhabhakti, caturviMzati jinastuti, caityabhakti, pratikramaNabhakti, AcAryabhakti, zrutabhakti, cAritrabhakti, tIrthaMkarabhakti kA padyAnuvAda upalabdha huA hai / Atma-kalyANa ke patha para agrasara muni evaM AryikAe~ daivasika caryA aura kriyAkalApoM ke avasara para nizcita bhaktipATha karate haiN| mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ke dvArA viracita bhaktiyoM meM AtmasamarpaNa, Atmanivedana aura tIrthaMkara, AcArya Adi kA guNa stavana hai / nimna padya meM kavi kA AtmAlocana darzanIya hai ato'dhunA he jinapa ! tvadane prmaadto'baanityaasmo| kRtye mamAbhUnyaknaM tadetatsamprAya'te nAtha ! mRSA kriyeta // carAcarANAmapi sa prapaJcaM kRtaM mayA kAstimAmataM ca / vidhvaMzanAyatradharAtale yat samprAya'te nAtha ! mRNA kriyeta // - pratikramaNabhakti,2-3 / bhakti ke dvArA bhakta eka ora svakRta pApoM kA prAyazcita kara AtmazAnti prApta karatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora vaha pUjya puruSa ke guNa stavana dvArA unake samAna banane kI bhAvanA bhI rakhatA siddhyanti setsyanti purA ca siddhAH svAbhAvikamAnatayA samiddhAH / bhavyAnitastAtvikavarpanetuM namAmi tAMzcidgugalamaye tu // siddhAnprasiddhAnnasukarmamuktAsamyaktvabopAdiguNAyuktAn / bhavAbyitonistaraNaikasetUna namAmi tauzcidguNalaba tu // - siddhabhakti, 1-2 loka meM guru/AcArya kA mahattva govinda/bhagavAn se bhI adhika hai, kyoMki ve hI hamAre satpathapradarzaka haiM - mumukSuvargasya pavIDitena ye duSpavasya pratiyanena / pravartanAyoyatacittalezAH saMghasya te santu mude gaNezAH // AcArya bhakti,2 bhaktiyoM meM bhakta kavi ke hRdaya se niHsata rasa saritA se prasphuTita kAvyadhArA kA sparzamAtra mada ko vigalita kara detA hai, digbhramita mAnava ko namratA aura vinayazIlatA se bhara detA hai / rAjasika, tAmasika cittavRttiyoM ko zAnta karatA hai to sAtvika vRtti kA svayameva hI udaya ho jAtA hai aura hRdaya kI vizuddhi bar3hatI hai / isa dhArA meM avagAhana kara pratyeka sahRdaya alaukika Ananda kI mastI meM DUba jAtA hai| ___ mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke dvArA racita bhaktiyoM meM sarvatra prasAda kA prasAra, anuprAsa kI jhaMkAra, nizchala Atmanivedana evaM guNastavana dikhalAI detA hai / yaha kRti sampAdana, prakAzana evaM paryApta pracAra-prasAra kI pratIkSA meM hai|

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dvitIya pariziSTa jayodaya meM rASTrIya cetanA sAhityakAra saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM se asaMpRkta bhale hI ho para vaha svayaM rASTrIya cetanA se achUtA nahIM raha sakatA / rASTra bhakti meM, rASTra ke vikAsa meM, sAhityika pariveza meM usakA pradeya upekSita nahIM ho sakatA / aisA honA svAbhAvika bhI hai / kAraNa kavi deza, kAla, paristhiti, vAtAvaraNa Adi se prabhAvita hotA hai / usakA prabhAva usake sAhitya para pratyakSa dekhA jA sakatA hai / jayodaya bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai / jayodaya kA sRjana aise samaya meM huA jaba deza svatantra ho gayA thA aura bhArata meM gAMdhIjI, neharU parivAra, rAjagopAlAcArya, DaoN. rAjendraprasAda, sarojinI nAyaDU, subhASacandra bosa, jinnA Adi rAjanetA siddha ho rahe the / mahAkavi ne jayodaya mahAkAvya ke aThArahaveM sarga ke cAra padyoM meM pramukha netAoM ke nAma kA ullekha bar3I zraddhA se zleSa ke dvArA kiyA hai / DaoN. bhAgIratha prasAda tripAThI ke vAgIza zAstrI' anusAra rASTrIya sudhArasa se paripUrNa ye cAra padya zAkuntalam ke cAra padyoM ke samAna smaraNIya rheNge|' deza ke svatantra hone aura aMgrejoM ke bhArata se gamana karane para prApta AnandAnubhUti ko nimna padyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai - satkIrtiraJcati kilAbhyu dayaM subhAsA, sthAnaM vinAri-mUduvallabharAT tathA sH| yAti prasanamukhatAM khalu padmarAjo, niti sAmpratamitaH sitaruksamAjaH // patA sugAM piyamitA vinatistu rAja - gopAla utsArastava ghe nu rAgAt / harA sarojini ayo viSaNe jinnA - nucAnameti paramAtmavidekamAnAt // - he deva! isa samaya (vi. saM. 2009) subhASacandra bosa kI ujjavala kIrti abhyudaya ko prApta ho rahI hai| ajAta zatru tathA komala prakRti vAloM ko priya DaoN. rAjendra prasAda rASTrapati 1. jayodaya uttarArdha bhUmikA, pRSTha-21 2. vahI, 18/81 3. vahIM, 18/83

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226 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana ke pada para virAja rahe haiM / padyarAja prasanna mukhatA ko prApta haiM arthAt deza svatantra hone se harSa kA anubhava kara rahe haiM / sitaruksamAja-aMgreja yahA~ se jA rahe haiN|' ___he jan ! ApakI vinamratA yA zikSA gA~dhIjI kI vinamratA yA zikSA kA anubhava kara rahI hai / Apake goprema se rAjagopAlAcArya Ananda kA anusaraNa kara rahe haiM / sarojinI nAyaDU prasanna haiM / sirpha eka ora. vibhA nAmaka yavana netA parakIya bhArata ko apanA mAnate hue pArasparika virodha ke kAryoM meM hindusthAna pAkistAna ke vibhAjana kA anuSThAna kara rahA nimna padyoM meM mahAkavi ne rASTra ke lie maMgala kAmanA kI hai jisase satya aura ahiMsA ke bala para prApta svatantratA cirasthAyI banI rahe - gAndhIruSaH prahara etya takamAya, satsUta neharucayo bRhadutsavAya / rAjendra-rASTra - parirakSaNakRttavAya - matrAbhyudetu sahajena hi sampradAyaH // madhu- svarAjya pariNAmasamarSikA te, sambhAvitakamahitA lasatu prabhAte / sUtrapracAlanatayocita-daNDanItiH, smygmhoddhissnnaasughttprnniitiH|| - gAMdhIjI ke roSa ko dUra karanevAlA neharU parivAra sajjanoM meM mahAn utsava ke lie tatpara hai aura DaoN. rAjendraprasAda Adi rASTra netAoM kA parikara abhyudaya ko prApta ho| he mahoda ! he teja/pratApa ko denevAle ! ApakI buddhi aisI ho jo manohara gaNatantra kI saphalatA kA samarthana karanevAlI ho, jo asembalI meM acchI taraha vicArita kAryapraNAlI se sahita ho, jo rAjyatantra ke saMcAlana kI dRSTi se ucita daNDanIti se sahita ho aura sughaTa pratIti/susaMgata pratIti se yukta evaM vyavahAra kArya karane vAlI ho / ' . jayodaya ke antima sarga ke anta meM kAmanA paJcaka zlokoM meM bhI mahAkavi kI rASTra ke prati maMgala bhAvanA abhivyakti huI hai . 1,2,zleSAlaMkAra se do artha nikalate haiN| yahA~ mAtra eka apekSita artha diyA gayA hai| artha ke lie TIkA 4. dRSTavya hai| 3. jayodaya, 18/84, 82

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227 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana rASTra pravartatAmijyAM tanvanirvAvamudrapuram // gaNasevI nRpo jAtarASTrasneho vRSeSaNAm / vahanirNayadhIzAlI grAmyadoSAtigaH kSamaH // ' ___ - deza nirbAdharUpa se mahatI pratiSThA ko prApta karatA huA vidyamAna rahe / rAjA gaNasevI, deza se sneha karane vAlA, dharma ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, buddhi se suzobhita, grAmya doSa se rahita aura zaktizAlI ho / jayodaya meM rASTrIya mahattA kA dyotana karane vAlA zleSAlaMkAramaya vaiziSTya parilakSita hotA hai / aise vaiziSTya kA pUrvavartI kAvyoM meM abhAva hai| kAvya meM guMjAyamAna rASTrIya cetanA ke svara vyakti, samAja aura rASTra kI kozikAoM ko jhaMkRta kara akhaNDatA, ekaniSThatA aura sadAcaraNa kI ora kadama bar3hAne kI preraNA dete haiM tathA 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA pATha par3hA kara rASTrIyatA ko prasphuTita karate haiM / LLL 1. jayodaya, 28/100 kA uttarArdha, 101

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tRtIya pariziSTa sandarbha granthasacI - 1. abhinava bhAratI : abhinava gupta, sampAdaka tathA bhASyakAra AcArya vizvezvara siddhAnta ziromaNi, prakAzaka-hindI vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI 2. Adi purANa, bhAga-2 : AcArya jinasena, AcArya guNabhadra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1965 uttarameghaH kAlidAsa, prakAzaka - rAmanArAyaNalAla bainImAdhava, ilAhAbAda, 2pharavarI, 1975 RSabhAvatAra : muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI, di0 jaina samAja, madanagaMja, pra0 saM0, san 1957 5. kartavyapatha pradarzana : AcArya zrI 108 jJAnasAgarajI, jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-3, SaSTha saMskaraNa, san 1989 kartavyapatha pradarzanaH muni zrI jJAnasAgara, zrI di0 jaina jaina paMcAyata, kizanagar3ha, rainavAla, tRtIya saMskaraNa, san 1959 kAvyaprakAza : mammaTAcArya, mithilA vidyApITha granthamAlA, san 1957 kAvyaprakAzaHmammaTAcArya, TIkAkAra govinda Thakkura kAvyAnuzAsanaH AcArya hemacandra, nirNayasAgara presa baMbaI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1934 10. kAvyAdarzaH daNDI, bhaNDArakara insTITyUTa, pUnA, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1928 11. kAvyAlaMkAra :bhAmaha, caukhambA prakAzana vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1928 12. kAvyAlaMkara : rudraTa, vAsudeva prakAzana, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1965 13. kAdambarI : mahAzvetA vRttAnta, prakAza hindI vyAkhyA sahita, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, vi0 saM02033 14. cakravAla : rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara 15. cintAmaNi, bhAga-2 : AcArya rAmacandra zukla, sarasvatI mandira, kAzI, tRtIya AvRtti, saMvat 2010 16. jayodaya (mUlaprati) : paM0 bhUrAmala zAstrI, prakAzaka - bra0 sUrajamala jaina, * pra0saM0, san 1950

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 229 17. jayodaya pUrvArdha : brahmacArI bhUrAmala, jJAnasAgara granthamAlA, vyAvara, pra0saM0, san . 1978 18. jayodaya uttarArdha : mahAkavi bhUrAmala, jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-3, san 1989 19. tattvArtha dIpikA : (tattvArthasUtra TIkA) zrI kSu0 jJAnabhUSaNajI mahArAja, prakAzaka di0 jaina samAja hisAra (paMjAba), vIra nirvANa saM0 2484 20. dazarUpaka : dhanaJjaya, prakAzaka - sItArAma zAstrI, sAhitya bhaNDAra, subhASa bAjAra meraTha, tRtIya saMskaraNa, san 1976 21. dayodaya campU : muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI, prakAzacanda jaina, vyAvara, pra0saM0, san 1966 22. dhammapada : anuvAdaka evaM sampAdaka - tripiTakAcArya bhikSu dharmarakSita, saMskRta pustakAlaya, kacaur3I galI, vArANasI / 23. dhvanyAloka : Anandavardhana, jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa, vArANasI, vi0 saMvat 2019 24. dhvanyAlokalocana : abhinavaM gupta 25. nATya darpaNa : rAmacandra guNacandra, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, san 1961 26. nATya zAstra : bharatamuni, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1964 27. nIti zataka : bhartRhari, rAmanArAyaNalAla benImAdhava, ilAhAbAda, san 1976 28. pallava : sumitrAnandana panta, rAjakamala prakAzana, dillI san 1958 29. pavitra mAnavajIvana : muni zrI jJAnasAgara, di0 jaina mahilA samAja, paMjAba, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1956 . 30. pUrvameghaH kAlidAsa, caukhambA saMskRta pustakAlaya, kacaur3I galI, vArANasI 31. pravacanasAra pratirUpaka : AcArya jJAnasAgara, prakAzaka-mahAvIra sAMgAkA pATanI, kizanagar3ha renavAla, san 1972 32. bhAgyodaya (bhAgya parIkSA) : bra. bhUrAmala zAstrI, jaina samAja hAMsI, prathama saMskaraNa san 1945 33. bhaktirasAmRta sindhu : rUpa gosvAmI, hindI vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1963

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'230 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 34. bhadrodaya (samudradatta carita) : AcArya jJAnasAgara, di0 jaisavAla jaina samAja ajamera, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1969 mAnava dharma : bra0 bhUrAmalajI (AcArya jJAnasAgarajI) di0 jaina paMcAyata sabhA lalitapura, san 1987 mAlavikAgnimitra : kAlidAsa, caukhambA saMskRta pustakAlaya, kacaur3I galI, vArANasI munimanoraJjanAzIti : mahAkavi bhUrAmala (AcArya jJAnasAgara) vidyAsAgara sAhitya saMsthAna, panAgara, jabalapura, prathama saMskaraNa, 3 jUna 1990 38. medhAvI : rAMgeya rAghava 39. mRcchakaTika : zUdraka, saMskRta hindI TIkA - AcArya zrIdharaprasAda panta, prakAzaka sTuDeNTa sTora, bihArIpura (barelI), prathama saMskaraNa, san 1972 raghuvaMza : kAlidAsa, caukhambA saMskRta pustakAlaya, kacaur3I galI, vArANasI 41. rasa mImAMsA : AcArya rAmacandra zukla, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, caturtha saMskaraNa, san 1966 42. rasa siddhAnta : DaoN0 nagendra, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI, san 1964 43. rItivijJAna : vidyAnivAsa mizra, naI dillI, mekamilana, 1977 44. vakroktijIvita : kuntaka, caukhambA prakAzana, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1967 45. vakroktijIvita : kuntaka, prakAza hindI vyAkhyA, vyAkhyAkAra rAdhezyAma mizrA' caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, ca0 saM0, vi0 saM0 2039 vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara : sureza sarala, prakAzaka- vra0 rAkeza jaina, 417, phUTAtAla cauka, jabalapura, pra0 saM0 1985 47. vivekodaya : bra. bhUrAmala zAstrI, bAbU vizvambharadAsa jaina, hisAra, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1947 48. vIrodaya : muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI, prakAzacanda jaina, jJAnasAgara granthamAlA, vyAvara, san 1968 vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya : DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara evaM DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1975 50. vairAgya zataka : bhartRhari, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI-1, san 1982

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jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana 231 51. zRMgAra zatakaH bhartRhari, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI-1, san 1979 * 52. zrImad bhAgavata : 53. zailI aura zailIvijJAna : vi0 kRSNasvAmI ayaMgAra 54. sarala jaina vivAha vidhi :brahma. bhUrAmala zAstrI, di0 jaina samAja, hisAra, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1947 55. samyaktvasAra zataka : kSullaka zrI jJAnabhUSaNa jI, di0 jaina samAja, hisAra, vi0 saMvat 2012 . 56. sacitta vivecana : brahma. bhUrAmala zAstrI, jaina samAja, hA~sI, prathama saMskaraNa, . san 1946 57. samayasAra TIkA : muni zrI jJAnasAgara , di0 jaina samAja, ajamera, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1968 58. sAhitya darpaNa : vizvanAtha, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa san 1969 59. sAhitya darpaNa : hindI vimarza vyAkhyA, DaoN0 satyavrata siMha, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, cauka, vArANasI - 1 60. sudarzanodaya : muni zrI jJAnasAgara, muni zrI jJAnasAgara jaina granthamAlA, vyAvara, navambara, 1966 saundarananda : azvaghoSa, caukhambA saMskRta pustakAlaya, kacaur3I galI, vArANasI 62. svAmI kundakunda aura sanAtana jaina dharma : brahma. bhUrAmala zAstrI, khajAna siMha vimalaprasAda jaina, mujaphpharanagara, san 1942 . 63. hindI semeTiksa : haradeva bAharI, bhAratI presa pablIkezana, ilAhAbAda, san 1959 64. Poetic Image : C. D. Lewis. Poetic Pattern : Rabin Skeltion. 66. Critique of Poetry : Michael Roberts. m 61.

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232 jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana zodha prabandha 1. Adhunika hindI kAvya meM aprastuta vidhAna : DaoN0 nagendra mohana, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, 23, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-6, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1972 2. jAyasI kI bimba yojanA : DaoN0 sudhA saksenA, azoka prakAzana, naI sar3aka, dillI-6, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1966 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya : eka adhyayana : DaoN0 kiraNa TaNDana, IsTarna buka liMkarsa, 5825, nyU candrAvala, javAhara nagara, dillI, pra0 saM0, san 1984 4. zailIvijJAna aura premacanda kI bhASA : DaoN0 surezakumAra, da mekamilana kampanI Apha iNDiyA limiTeDa, naI dillI, pra0 saM0, san 1978 . | pANDulipi 1. RSi kaisA hotA hai : AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI 2. jayodaya uttarArdha svopajJa TIkA : AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara, jI 3. munimanoraJjanAzIti : AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI 4. mUka mATI anuzIlana : DaoN0 zrI ratanacandra jaina, rIDara, barakataullAha ... vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla (ma. pra.) 5. vIrazarmAbhyudaya : AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI 6. bhaktiyA~ : AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI

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paramapUjya AcArya 108 zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA jIvana paricaya -:: janma :: san 1891 -:: janmasthAna :: rANolI- grAma (jilA-sIkara) rAja. -:: janmanAma :bhUrAmala zAstrI -:: brahmacarya vrata ::san 1947 (vi. saM. 2004) -:: kSullaka dIkSA ::san 1955 (vi. saM. 2012 ) -:: kSullaka dIkSA nAma ::kSullaka 105 zrI jJAnabhUSaNa mahArAja -:: aillaka dIkSA ::san 1957 (vi. saM. 2014 ) -:: dIkSA guru ::A. 108 zrI zivasAgara jI mahArAja -:: muni dIkSA :: san 1959 (vi. saM. 2016) -:: dIkSA guru ::A. 108 zrI zivasAgara jI mahArAja -:: muni dIkSA nAma ::muni 108 zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja -:: AcArya pada ::7 pharavarI san 1969 (phAlgunavadI 5 saM. 2025) -:: AcArya pada tyAga evaM sallekhanAvrata grahaNa :22 navambara, 1972 ( maMgasira vadI 2 saM. 2029) -:: samAdhistha :: .1 jUna 1973 (jyeSTha kRSNa amAvasyA saM. 2030) -:: paTTaziSya :: pU. A. zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja -:: sallekhanA avadhi ::6 mAsa 13 dina (miti anusAra) 6 mAsa 10 dina (di. anusAra)

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AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra dvArA prakAzita pustakeM prathama puSpa - itihAsa ke panne - AcArya jJAnasAgara jI dvArA racita dvitIya puSpa - hita sampAdaka - AcArya jJAnasAgara jI dvArA racita tRtIya puSpa - tIrtha pravartaka - munizrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke pravacanoM kA saMkalana caturtha puSpa - laghutrayI manthana - byAvara smArikA paMcama puSpa - aJjanA pavanaMjayanATakam - DaoN. ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura SaSTama puSpa - jainadarzana meM ratnatraya kA svarUpa - DaoN. narendrakumAra jaina saptama puSpa - bauddha darzana para zAstrIya samIkSA - DaoN. ramezacandra jaina, bijanaura aSTama puSpa - jaina rAjanaitika cintana dhArA - DaoN. zrImati vijayalakSmI jaina navama puSpa - Adi brahmA RSabhadeva- baisTira campatarAya jaina dazama puSpa - mAnava dharma - paM. bhUrAmalajI zAstrI (A. jJAnasAgarajI) ekAdazaM puSpa- nItivAkyAmRta - zrImatsomadevasUri-viracita dvAdazama puSpa - jayodaya mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - kailAzapati pANDeya, gorakhapura trayodazam puSpa - anekAnta evaM sdvAda vimarza - DaoN. ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura cartudazam puSpa - Humanity A Religion - pro. nihAlacanda jaina, ajamera paJcadazaM puSpa- jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana - DaoN. ArAdhanA jaina,