Jain Tark Shastra me Anuman Vichar Aetihasik Adhyayan

Author(s): Darbarilal Kothiya
Publisher: Veer Seva Mandir Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010313/1

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THE FREE INDOLOGICAL COLLECTION WWW.SANSKRITDOCUMENTS.ORG/TFIC FAIR USE DECLARATION This book is sourced from another online repository and provided to you at this site under the TFIC collection. It is provided under commonly held Fair Use guidelines for individual educational or research use. We believe that the book is in the public domain and public dissemination was the intent of the original repository. We applaud and support their work wholeheartedly and only provide this version of this book at this site to make it available to even more readers. We believe that cataloging plays a big part in finding valuable books and try to facilitate that, through our TFIC group efforts. In some cases, the original sources are no longer online or are very hard to access, or marked up in or provided in Indian languages, rather than the more widely used English language. TFIC tries to address these needs too. Our intent is to aid all these repositories and digitization projects and is in no way to undercut them. For more information about our mission and our fair use guidelines, please visit our website. Note that we provide this book and others because, to the best of our knowledge, they are in the public domain, in our jurisdiction. However, before downloading and using it, you must verify that it is legal for you, in your jurisdiction, to access and use this copy of the book. Please do not download this book in error. We may not be held responsible for any copyright or other legal violations. Placing this notice in the front of every book, serves to both alert you, and to relieve us of any responsibility. If you are the intellectual property owner of this or any other book in our collection, please email us, if you have any objections to how we present or provide this book here, or to our providing this book at all. We shall work with you immediately. -The TFIC Team.

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yugavIra-samantabhadra-granthamAlA : 1 jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra : aitihAsika evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana DA. darabArIlAla jaina koThiyA nyAyatIrtha, siddhAntazAstrI, nyAyAcArya, zAstrAcArya ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 [sampAdaka-nyAyadIpikA, AptaparIkSA, syAhAdasiddhi, pramANaprameyakalikA, adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa, zAsanacatumbizikA, zrIpura-pArzvanAtha, prAkRtapadyAnukramaNI Adi ] prAdhyApaka, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vIra sevA mandira-TrasTa prakAzana

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kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pI-eca0 DI0 upAdhike lie svIkRta Treatment of Inference in Jaina Logic : A Historical and Critical Study jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra : aitihAsika evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana by Dr. Darbari lal Jain Kothiu, 11. A. Ph. D. prakAzaka maMtrI, vIra sevA mandira-TrasTa TrasTa-saMsthApaka A0 jagalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavora' prAptisthAna 1. maMtrI, vIrasevAmandira-TrasTa camelI kuTIra, 1/128, DumarAva vAga, assI, vArANasI-5 2. DA0 zrIcanda jaina maMgala kopAdhyakSa, vIra sevA mandira-TrasTa jI0 TI0 roDa, eTA ( u0 pra0 ) prathama saMskaraNa : 500 prati jyeSTha vI0 ni0 2495 maI 1969 mUlya : solaha)rupa -- 0 mudraka bAbUlAla jaina phAgulla mahAvIra presa, bhelUpura, vArANasI-1

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- Awant 800 tole accosace 2. 6002000 AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' saMsthApaka va pravartaka-vIra saMvA mandira va TrasTa

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rASTra aura samAjasevI jaina sAhitya, itihAsa aura purAtatvavida zraddheya AcArya jugalakizorajI mukhtAra yugavIra ko unakI haravIM varSagAMThapara sAdara samarpita zraddhAvanata darabArIlAla koThiyA

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prAkkathana prastuta pustaka yA zodhaprabandhake lekhaka DA0 darabArIlAla koThiyA jaina darzanake jAne-mAne vidvAn haiM, unakA bhAratake dUsare darzanoMse bhI acchA paricaya hai| aba taka ve mukhyatayA jainadarzana evaM dharma sambandhI aneka granthoMkA sampAdana evaM anuvAda kara cuke hai / prastuta pustakakA viSaya tarkazAstrase sambandha rakhatA hai / bhAratIya darzanameM jJAnamImAMsAkA, aura usake antargata pramANamImAMsAkA, vizeSa sthAna rahA hai| pramANavicArake antargata yahA~ anveSaNa-paddhatiyoMpara utanA vicAra nahIM huA jitanA ki pramA athavA yathArthajJAnake srotoMpara / ina srotoMko pramANasaMjJA dI gyii| pramANAma bhI pratyakSa aura anumAna sarvasvIkRta hai aura unapara vibhinna sampradAyoMke dArzanikoMne vizeSa vimarza kiyA hai / kucha vidvAnoMne bhAratIya anumAna aura arastUke silAsijamameM samAnatA dekhanekA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu vastutaH ina donoMmeM bahuta aMtara hai| 'bhAratIya nyAya' athavA 'paMcAvayavavAkya' bAharase arastu ke silAmijamake samAna dikhatA hai; yaha sahI hai, kintu apanI antaraMga prakriyAmeM donoMke AdhAra bhinna haiN| bhAratIya anumAnakI mUla bhitti hetu aura sAdhyakA sambandha hai, jise vyApti kahate haiN| hamAre tarkazAstriyoMne hetuke vividha rUpoMpara vistRta vicAra kiyA hai| isake viparIta arastUke anumAnakI mUla bhitti vargasamAvezakA siddhAnta hai / arastUne silAsijamake 19 prAmANika rUpa ( mUDa ) mAne haiM, aura 4 avayavasaMsthAna, jinameM vibhinna anumAnarUpoMko vyavasthita kiyA jAtA hai / ina sabako dekhate hue bhAratIya anumAnakA svarUpa bahuta saMkSipta evaM sarala jAna par3atA hai| bhAratIya tarkazAstriyoMne apanA dhyAna mukhyataH hetuke svarUpa evaM vividhatApara saMsakta kiyaa| cUMki bhAratIya dArzanikoMke sAmane cintana aura anvepaNake ve aneka tarIke upasthita nahIM the, jinase vividha vijJAnoMne hameM paricita banAyA hai, isalie ve anumAnaprakriyApara bar3e manoyogase vicAra kara ske| hamAre dezake aneka vicAraka kaI dUsare pramANoMko bhI mAnate haiM, jaise ardhApatti aura anupalabdhi / bauddha tarkazAstrI dharmakotine bar3I caturAIse zepa pramANoMkA antarbhAva anumAnameM karanekI koziza kI hai / bhAratIya tarkazAstrameM jisa cIjakA abhAva sabase jyAdA khaTakatA hai vaha haiprAkkalpanA ( hAipAthesisa ! kI dhAraNAkI anavagati yA aparyApta avagati / yoM vyAptigrahake sAdhanoMpara vicAra karate hue ve AgamanAtmaka cintanake aneka tattvoMpara prakAza DAla sake the| yoropIya tarkazAstrameM prAkkalpanAkA mahattva dhIre-dhIre ho svIkRta huA hai / nyUTana prAkkalpanAoMko zaMkAkI dRSTise dekhatA thaa| kintu

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6 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna -vicAra AjakA gaNitamUlaka - bhautika vijJAna prAkkalpanAoMke vinA eka kadama bhI A nahIM bar3ha sakatA / Alocya pustaka meM sAmAnyataH bhAratIya tarkazAstrake aura vizeSataH jaina taka zAstra anumAna-sambandhI vicAroMkA vizada Akalana huA hai| saMbhavataH hindI koI dUsarA aisA grantha nahIM hai jisameM eka jagaha anumAnase sambandhita vicA NAoM kA itanA sUkSma aura saTIka pratipAdana huA ho / jo do cAra pustakeM me naz2ara meM AyI haiM unameM prAyaH nyAyake tarkasaMgraha jaise saMgrahagranthoMpara AdhAri naiyAyikoM ke tarkasiddhAntakA chAtropakArI saMkalana rahatA hai| isake viparIta prastu grantha bhAratIya darzanake samagra tarka - sAhitya ke AloDana - viloDanakA pariNAma hai| lekhakane niSpakSabhAvase vAtsyAyana, udyotakara Adi hindU tArkikoMke aura dharmako dharmottara, arcaMTa Adi bauddha tArkikoMke matoMkA vivecana utanI hI sahAnubhUti kiyA hai jitanA ki jainAcAryoMke mantavyoMkA | vidvAn lekhakane sUkSma se sU samasyAyoMko uThAyA aura unakA samAdhAna kiyA hai / vibhinna adhyAyoMke a rgata saMskRtake lekhakoM aura granthoMke pracura saMketa samAviSTa hue haiM, jisase bhArata tarkazAstra meM zodha karanevAle vidyArthI vizeSa lAbhAnvita hoMge / apanI isa parizra likhI gayI vidvattApUrNa kRtike lie lekhaka darzana-premiyoM aura hindI jagata badhAI ke pAtra haiM / 25 apraila, 1969 hindU vizvavidyAlaya } -- devara

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purovAka. bhAratIya cintakoMne sahI tarka karane ke niyamoMko nyAyazAstra kahA hai / sahI jJAna yA tattvajJAnake lie jJAnakA svarUpa, jJAnake sAdhana, jJAnakI prakriyA, jJAnakI kasauTI, jJAnakA vistAra prabhRti jJAnasambandhI praznoMkA vidhivat adhyayana apekSita hai / bhAratIya nyAyazAstra meM tarka, anumAna Adi pramANaviSayaka praznoMkA savistara adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai / ataH nyAyazAstra jJAnake sahI sAdhanoM dvArA vastukI samyak parIkSA prastuta karatA hai / paryApta bauddhika vizleSaNake anantara jo carama satya siddha hotA hai, vahI siddhAntarUpa meM grAhya hai / tarkakA kArya jJAnakI satyatA aura asatyatAkA parIkSaNa karanA hai / manuSya tarkadvArA jJAnakA bahuta bar3A aMza arjita karatA hai / nayA anubhava naye hetuke milane para hI svIkRta hotA hai / ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki tarkakI sahAyatAse manuSya apane jJAnakA saMvarddhana evaM satyApana karatA hai| tarkajanya jJAna hI use asatyase satya kI ora le jAtA hai / nyAyazAstra meM tarka aura anumAna do bhinna jJAnabindu haiM | anumAna meM kisI liGga yA hetuke jJAnake AdhArapara kisI dUsarI vastukA jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai; kyoMki usa vastu tathA liGgake bIca eka prakArakA sambandha hai, jo vyApti dvArA abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki anumAnake pakSadharmatA aura vyApti ye do AdhAra haiM / pakSadharmatAkA jJAna hue vinA anumAnakI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai | pakSadharmatA anumAnakI prathama AvazyakatA hai; kintu pakSadharmatAke rahanepara bhI vyAptijJAnake vinA anumAna ho nahIM sakatA / ataeva anumAna ke lie pakSa - dharmatA aura vyApti donoMke saMyukta jJAnakI AvazyakatA hai / yathA - "parvatA vahnimAn dhUmavattvAt' isa udAharaNa meM parvata pakSa hai, yataH parvatake sambandha yA pakSameM hI afar anumAna hotA hai / 'agni' sAdhya hai, kyoMki isIko parvatake sambandha meM siddha karanA hai / 'dhUma' sAdhana hai, kyoMki isIke dvArA parvata meM agnikI siddhi kI jAtI hai / isa prakAra anumAna meM pakSa, sAdhana aura sAdhya ye tIna pada rahate haiM / - anvaya aura vyatirekake nimittase honevAle vyAptike jJAnako tarka kahA jAtA hai / kisI bhI anumAnameM hetukI gamakatA avinAbhAvapara nirbhara karatI hai aura upalambhAnupalambhanamittaM vyAptijJAnamUhaH - parokSAmukha 3 / 7 / takeM vyApyasya vyApakasya ca bAdhanizcayaH kAraNamiti -- nyAyabodhinI, pUnA, pRSTha 21 / takeM ApAdyavyatirekanizcayaH ApAdyApadikayAnyAptinizcayazca kAraNamiti - nIlakaNThI / pRSTha 38 /

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isa avinAbhAvakA jJAna tarkake dvArA hotA hai| ataeva spaSTa hai ki anumAnako satyatAkA nirNaya tarka dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya nyAyazAstrameM tarka aura anumAnake madhyameM vibhedaka sImArekhA vidyamAna hai| dUsare zabdoMmeM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki tarkakA kSetra anumAnase Age hai| anumAnake doSoMkA nirAkaraNa kara usake adhyayanako vyavasthita rUpa pradAna karanA tarkakA kArya hai| ataH "tarkazAstra vaha vijJAna hai, jo anumAnake vyApaka niyamoM tathA anya sahAyaka mAnasika kriyAoMkA adhyayana isa dhyeyase karatA hai ki unake vyavahArase satyatAkI prApti ho' / isa paribhASAke vizleSaNase do tathya prasphuTita hote haiM 1. anumAnake doSoMkA vizleSaNa tarka dvArA hotA hai tathA usakI avisaMvAditAko puSTi bhI tarkase hotI hai| 2. tarkadvArA anumAnameM sahAyaka mAnasika kriyAoMkA bhI adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki galata anumAnase bacanekA upAya tarkakA Azraya grahaNa karanA hai| yataH tarkazAstrakA sambandha vizeSataH anumAnase hai| anumAnako tarkazAstrase haTA denepara tarkazAstrakA astitva hI khatare meM par3a jaaygaa| bhUta aura bhaviSyako mAnavake samparkameM lAnekA kArya anamAna hI karatA hai| anumAnake sahAre hI bhaviSyakI khoja aura bhUtakI parIkSA kI jAtI hai| yahAM yaha smaraNIya hai ki anumAnajanya jJAnakA kSetra pratyakSa jJAnake kSetrase bahuta bar3A hai| alpa jJAnase mahat ajJAnakI jAnakArI anamAna dvArA hotI hai| pratyakSako pramANatAmeM sandeha honepara anumAna ho ukta sandehakA nirAkaraNa kara prAmANyakI pratiSThA karatA hai / pratyakSa jahA~ anumAnake mUlameM rahatA hai, vahA~ pratyakSakI prAmANikatA kabhI-kabhI anumAnapara avalambita dekhI jAtI hai| jahA~ yukti dvArA pratyakSake kisI viSayakA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai vahA~ ApAtataH anumAna A jAtA hai / anumAnake mahattvakA nirUpaNa karate hue zrI gaGgeza upAdhyAyane likhA hai"pratyakSaparikalitamapyarthamanumAnena bubhunsante takarasikAH2 arthAt vicArazIla tArkika pratyakSadvArA avagata bhI arthako anumAnase jAnanekI icchA karate haiN| ataeva asambaddha aura avartamAna-atIta, anAgata, dUravartI aura sUkSma-vyavahita arthoMkA jJAna anumAnase hotA hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya cintakoMne vastujJAna aura vyavasthAke lie anumAnakI AvazyakatA evaM upayogitApara prakAza DAlA hai / pAzcAtya tarkazAstra meM varNita 'kAja eNDa iphaikTsa ' ( Cause and effects ) ko anveSaNavidhiyA~ bho bhAratIya anumAnameM samAviSTa haiM / ataH spaSTa hai ki bhAratIya tarkazAstrameM anumAnakA mahattva anya pramANoMse kama nahIM hai / 1 tattinnirNayaH-parIkSAmukhasUtra 3 / 15 / 2 tattvacintAmaNi pRSTha 424 /

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DaoN0 pro0 darabArIlAla koThiyAne jaina anumAnake adhyayanake sandarbha meM bhAratIya tarkazAstrameM anumAnakA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kara bhAratIya nyAyazAstrako eka maulika kRti pradAna kI hai| unakA yaha adhyayana tathyoMke prastutIkaraNakI dRSTi se to mahattvapUrNa hai ho, para tathyoMkI puSTike lie granthAntaroMse upasthita kiye gaye pramANoMkI dRSTi se bhI samRddha hai| viSaya-sAmagrIkI maulikatA evaM viSaya-pratipAdanakI svaccha aura vizada zailI navIna zodha-kartAoMke lie anukaraNIya hai| ___ isakI sAmagrI zodha-khojakI dizAmeM eka nayA caraNacinha hai| vyApti aura hetusvarUpake sambandhameM itanI vicArapUrNa sAmagrI anya kisI granthameM upalabdha nahIM hai| vyAptigrahake sAdhanoMkI taTastha vRttise AlocanA karate hue jaina naiyAyikoMke vyAptigrAhaka tarkakA vizeSarUpase nirUpaNa kiyA hai / DaoN0 koThiyAne tarkake kSetrako vyApakatA batalAte hue prabhAcandra ke AdhAra para likhA hai-"pratyakSa jahA~ sannihitako, anumAna niyata deza-kAlameM vidyamAna anumeyako, upamAna sAdRzyako aura Agama zabdasaMketAdipara nirbharitako jAnate haiM, vahA~ tarka sannihita-asannihita, niyata-aniyata deza-kAlameM vidyamAna sAdhya-sAdhanagata avinAbhAvako viSaya karatA hai|" isa prakAra aneka pramANa aura yuktiyoMke AdhAra para vyApti-sambandhagrAhI tarkakI prAmANikatA siddha kI hai / ullekhanIya hai ki DaoN0 koThiyAne isameM jaina dRSTise anumAnake lie sAdhya, sAdhana aura unake vyAptisambandhako Avazyaka tathA pakSa aura pakSadharmatAko anAvazyaka batalAkara bhAratIya cintakoMke samakSa eka naye vicArakA aura udghATana kiyA hai| sAtha hI anumAnake samasta ghaTakoMkA vistArapUrvaka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana kara kevala jaina paramparAke anumAnakA vaiziSTaya hI pradarzita nahIM kiyA hai, apitu bhAratIya tarkazAstrameM anumAnakI sarvAGgINa arhatA sthApita kI hai| nissandeha anumAnapara itanA acchA zodhapUrNa grantha hindI bhASAmeM sarvaprathama likhA gayA hai| isake adhyayanase nyAyazAstrameM ruci rakhanevAle pratyeka jijJAsukA jJAna-varddhana hogaa| DaoN0 koThiyA apane viSayake marmajJa evaM pratibhAsampanna manISI haiM, unhoMne viSayake prAmANika vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayanake sAtha pratyeka mAnyatAke sambandhameM apanI pratikriyA bhI vyakta kI hai| unakI pratikriyA eka aise vidvAnkI pratikriyA hai, jisane mUlagrantha, bhASya aura TIkAoMke gambhIra adhyayanake sAtha sUkSmatama samasyAoMkA bhI anucintana kiyA hai / viSaya-pratipAdanakI zailI cittAkarSaka aura subodha hai tathA viSayake sAtha bhASApara bhI acchA adhikAra hai| tarkazAstrakI gahana aura durUha sAmagrIko sarala

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evaM spaSTarUpameM prastuta kara denA isa granthakA apanA mUlya hai| maiM vizvAsapUrvaka kaha sakatA hU~ ki prastuta granthane nyAyazAstrako zrIvRddhi kI hai| maiM DaoN0 koThiyAko hRdayase badhAI detA hU~ aura AzA vyakta karatA hU~ ki unakI lekhanIse isa prakArakI samAlocanAtmaka mahattvapUrNa tarkazAstra sambandhI anya kRtiyA~ bhI nibaddha hoNgii| hindI bhASA aura sAhityako yaha abhivRddhi takanIkI vAGmayake nirmANakI dRSTise vizeSa ilAdhya hai| marasvatI zrutamahato na hIyatAm ha0 dA0 jaina kaoNleja, ArA magadha vizvavidyAlaya vaizAkhI pUrNimA, vi0 saM0 2026 nemicandra zAstrI, ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0, DI0 liTa. jyotiSAcArya nyAya-kAvyatIrtha adhyakSa-saMskRta-prAkRta-vibhAga

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prakAzakIya prAktanavidyAmahArNava, prasiddha sAhityakAra AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' dvArA saMsthApita evaM pravartita vIra sevA mandira-TUsTase mArca 1963 meM unake nibandhoMkA prathama saMgraha-yugavIra-nibandhAvalI prathama bhAga, disambara 1963 meM unhIMke dvArA sampAdita-anUdita tattvAnuzAsana, sitambara 1964 meM paNDita hIrAlAlajI zAstrI dvArA anuvAdita tathA mere dvArA sampAdita evaM likhI prastAvanA sahita samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka, jUna 1967 meM mukhtArasAhabadvArA anUdita-sampAdita aura merI prastAvanA yukta devAgama (AptamImAMsA) aura disambara 1667 meM unake ho nibandhoMkA dvitIya saMgraha-yugavIra nibandhAvalI dvitIya bhAga ye pAMca mahattvapUrNa grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| Aja usI TUsTase 'jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra : aitihAsika evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' nAmakI kRti, jo merA zodha-prabandha ( thesis ) hai, 'yugavIrasamantabhadra-granthamAlAke' antargata usake prathama granthAGkake rUpa meM prakaTa ho rahI hai| kheda hai ki ise TrasTase prakAzita karanekI jinakI preraNA, yojanA aura svIkRti rahI una TrasTa-saMsthApaka zraddheya A0 jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIrakA' gata 22 disambara 1968 ko nidhana ho gyaa| ve hote to unheM isake prakAzanase bar3I prasanatA hotii| prastuta sandarbha meM itanA hI prakaTa kara denA paryApta hogA ki isake prakAzameM Anepara jaina anumAnake viSayameM hI nahIM, anya bhAratIya darzanoMke anumAna-sambandha meM bhI adhyetAoMko kitanI hI mahattvapUrNa evaM nayI jAnakArI prApta hogii| ata eva vizvAsa hai jijJAsu vidvAnoM aura anusandhitsu chAtroM dvArA yaha avazya samAdRta hogI tathA rASTrabhASA hindIke dArzanika sAhitya-bhaNDArako abhivRddhi meM yogadAna kregii| 19 apraila 1969 darabArIlAla jaina koThiyA akSayatRtIyA, vi0 saM0 2026 maMtrI, vIra sevA mandira-TrasTa vArANasI

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prastuta kRti jaina vAGmaya itanA vizAla aura agAdha hai ki usake aneka prameya kitane hI vidvAnoMke lie ajJAta evaM aparicita haiM aura jinakA sUkSma tathA gaharA adhyayana apekSita hai / jIvasiddhAnta, karmavAda, syAhAda, anekAntavAda, nayavAda, nikSepavAda, saptabhaGgI, guNasthAna, mArgaNA, jIvasamAsa prabhRti aise mahattvapUrNa viSaya haiM jinakI carcA aura vivecana jaina zrutameM hI upalabdha hai / parantu yaha bhAratIya jJAnarAzi - kI bahumUlya evaM asAmAnya jJAna-sampadA hone para bhI adhyetAoMkA usake adhyayana, manana aura zodhakI ora bahuta hI kama dhyAna gayA hai / aisA hI eka viSaya 'jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra' hai, jisapara zodhAtmaka vimarza prAyaH nahIM huA hai / jahA~ taka hameM jJAta hai, jaina anumAnapara abhItaka kisIne zodha-prabandha upasthita nahIM kiyA / ataeva hamane janavarI 1965 meM DA0 nandakizora devarAja ke parAmarzase unhIMke nirdezana meM usapara zodha kArya karanekA nizcaya kiyA aura kAzI hindUvizvavidyAlaya se usakI vidhivat anumati prApta kI / phalataH tIna varSa aura tIna mAha bAda 6 maI 1960 ko ukta viSayapara apanA zodha-prabandha vizvavidyAlayako prastuta kiyA, jise vizvavidyAlayane svIkRta kara gata 30 mArca 1969 ko apane dIkSAnta samAroha meM 'DaoNkTara Apha philaoNsaoNphI' kI upAdhi pradAna kI / prasannatA hai ki vahI prabandha prastuta kRtike rUpameM manIpiyoMke samakSa hai / smaraNIya hai ki isa prabandha meM jaina tarkazAstra meM upalabdha anumAna vicArakA aitihAsika evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karate samaya bhAratIya tarkazAstrakI sabhI zAkhAoM meM vihita anumAna vicArakA bhI sarvekSaNa kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki unakA ghaniSTha sambandha hai aura paraspara meM ve kaI viSayoMmeM eka-dUsareke RNI haiM / isase tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanevAloMko eka jagaha bhAratIya anumAnakI prAya: pUrI sAmagrI mila sakegI / isameM pA~ca adhyAya aura bAraha pariccheda haiM / prathama adhyAya meM, jo prAstAvika - rUpa hai, cAra pariccheda haiM / prathama pariccheda meM bhAratIya vAGmayake AdhArase anumAnake prAcIna mUla rUpa aura nyAya, vaizeSika, bauddha, mImAMsA, vedAnta evaM sAMkhya darzanagata anumAna- vikAsako dikhAyA hai / dvitIyameM jaina paramparAkA anumAna - vikAsa pradarzita hai| tRtIya meM anumAnakA svarUpa, anumAnAGga ( pakSadharmatA aura vyApti tathA jaina dRSTise kevala vyApti), anumAnabheda, anumAnAvayava aura anumAnadoSa ina sabhI anumAnIya upAdAnoMkA saMkSipta cintana aGkita hai / caturtha pariccheda meM bhAratIya anumAna aura pAzcAtya tarkazAstrapara diGmAtra tulanAtmaka adhyayana nibaddha hai|

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prastuta kRti : 9 dvitIya adhyAyameM do pariccheda haiM / prathamameM jaina pramANavAdakA vivecana karate hue usameM anumAnakA kyA sthAna hai, ise batalAkara pramANake pratyakSa aura parokSa do bhedoMkI mImAMsA, parokSapramANa meM anumAnakA antarbhAva, smRti Adi parokSa pramANoMkA saMkSipta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya pariccheda meM jainAgamake Aloka anumAnakA prAcIna rUpa, anumAnakA mahattva evaM anivAryatA, jaina dRSTise anumAna - paribhASA evaM kSetra - vistAra ina savapara prakAza DAlA gayA hai / tRtIya adhyAyameM bhI do pariccheda haiM / pahale meM anumAna ke vividha bhedoMpara bhAratIya darzanoM meM kiyA gayA vicAra grathita hai tathA akalaGka, vidyAnanda, vAdi - rAja, prabhAcandra Adi jaina tArkikoMkI tatsambandhI mImAMsA evaM vimarza nibaddha hai / pratyakSako ammAnakI taraha parArtha mAnanevAle siddhasena aura devamUrikA mata tathA usakI samIkSA pradarzita hai / svArtha aura parArtha anumAnoMkI mUlakalpanA, udgamasthAna evaM pRSThabhUmi, unake aGga evaM avayavoMkA cintana bhI isameM aGkita hai / dvitIya pariccheda meM vyAptikA svarUpa, upAdhimImAMsA, upAdhi-vimarza-prayojana, vyAptisvarUpake sambandhameM jaina tArkikoMkA nayA dRSTikoNa, vyAptigrahaNa - samIkSA, vyAptigrAhakarUpameM ekamAtra tarkako svIkAra karanevAle jaina vicArakoM kA abhinava cintana tathA vyAptibheda ( samavyApti - viSamavyApti, anvayavyApti-vyatirekavyApti, bahirvyApti, sakalavyApti, antarvyApti, sAdharmya - vaitrarmyatryApti, tathopapatti- anyathAnupapatti ) ina sabakA vimarza hai / caturtha adhyAya meM do pariccheda haiN| prathamameM sAmAnya tathA vyutpanna aura avyutpanna pratipAdyoM kI apekSAse avayavoMkA vicAra, pratijJA, hetu Adi pratyeka avayavakA viziSTa svarUpa - cintana aura bhadrabAhu pratipAdita paMcazuddhiyoM sahita dazAvayavoMke sambandha meM digambara aura zvetAmbara tArkikoMkA vicArabheda vivecita hai| dvitIyamaM hetuke vibhinna dArzanikalakSaNoM (dvilakSaNa, trilakSaNa, caturlakSaNa, paMcalakSaNa, paDlakSaNa, aura sapta lakSaNa ) kI samIkSA tathA ekalakSaNa ( anyathAnupapannatva ) kI jaina mAnyatAkA vimarza hai / pariccheda ke anta meM hetuke vibhinna prakAroM - bhedoMkA cintana hai / paJcama adhyAyake antargata do pariccheda haiM / Adya pariccheda meM samantabhadra, siddhasena, akalaGka, mANikyanandi, devasUri aura hemacandra dvArA pratipAdita pakSAbhAsAdi anumAnAbhAsoM kA vivecana hai / dharmabhUSaNa, cArukIrti aura yazovijayane anumAnadoSoMpara jo cintana kiyA hai vaha bhI isameM saMkSepa meM nivaddha hai / mANikyanandi dvArA abhihita catuvidha bAlaprayogAbhAsa bhI isI meM vivecita hai jo sarvathA nayA hai aura anya bhAratIya tarkagranthoMmeM anupalabdha hai / dUsare paricchedameM vaizeSika, nyAya aura bauddha paramparAoMmeM carcita evaM vikasita anumAnadoSoMkA vicAra aGkita hai, jo tulanAtmaka adhyayanakI dRSTise upAdeya evaM jJAtavya hai /

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10 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra upasaMhArameM jaina anumAnako katipaya upalabdhiyoMkA nirdeza hai jo jaina tAkikoMke svatantra cintanakA phala kahI jA sakatI haiN| Upara kahA gayA hai ki yaha zodha-pravandha mAnanIya DA. nandakizora devarAja ema. e., DI. phila., DI. liTa., adhyakSa darzana-vibhAga tathA nirdezaka uccAnuzIlana darzana-saMsthAna aura DIna ArTas phaikalTI kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlayake nirdezanameM taiyAra kiyaa| DA. devarAjase samaya-samayapara bahumUlya nirdezana aura mArgadarzana prApta huaa| samprati unhoMne prAkkathana bhI likha denekI kRpA kI hai| isake lie maiM unakA bahuta AbhArI huuN| suhRda ra DA. nemicandra zAstrI ema. e. ( saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI ), pI-eca. Do., DI. liT., jyotipAcArya, adhyakSa prAkRta-saMskRta vibhAga jaina kAleja ArAko nahIM bhUla sakatA, jinhoMne nirantara preraNA, parAmarza aura pravartana to kiyA hI hai apanA purovAka bhI likhA hai / ve mujhe agraja mAnate haiM, para viziSTa aura bahumukhI medhAkI apekSA maiM unheM jJAnAgrajake rUpameM dekhatA va mAnatA huuN| ataeva maiM unheM dhanyavAda dU~ to ucita hI hai / jina sAhitya-tapasvI zraddheya A0 jugalakizora mukhtArane sattara varSa taka nirantara sAhitya-sAdhanA aura samAja-sevA kI tathA sAdhanA aura sevAkA kabhI pratidAna yA puraskAra nahIM cAhA, Aja unakA abhAva akhara rahA hai / AzA hai isa prabandhakRtise, jise maiMne unake 62 veM janmadinapara unheM eka mudrita pharmA dvArA samarpaNa kiyA thA aura jisakA prakAzana unakI sadicchAnusAra unhIM ke TrasTase ho rahA hai, unakI usa sadicchAkI avazya pUrNatA hogii| merA unheM parokSa namana hai| syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya vArANIke akalaMka sarasvatIbhavanase zatazaH granthoMkA upayoga kiyA aura jinheM adhika kAla taka apane pAsa rakhA / kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlayake gAyakabAr3a granthAgAra, jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA aura pArzvanAtha jaina vidyAzrama vArANasIse bhI kucha grantha prApta hue| hamAre kAlejake sahayogI prAdhyApaka mitravara DA. gajAnana muzalagAMvakarane mImAMsAdarzanake aura zrI mUlazaMkara vyAsane vedAntake durlabha grantha dekara sahAyatA kii| aneka granthakAroM aura granthasampAdakoMke granthoMse uddharaNa lie / priya dharmacandra jaina ema. e. ne viSaya-sUcI aura pariziSTa banAye / ina sabakA hRdayase dhanyavAda karatA huuN| sAtha hI apanI gRhiNI sau0 camelIbAI 'hindIratna' ko bhI usakI satata preraNA, sahAyatA, paricaryA aura anurUpa subidhA pradAnake lie dhanyavAda hai| antameM mahAvIra presake saMcAlaka zrI bAbUlAlajI phAgullako bhI dhanyavAda diye binA nahIM raha sakatA, jinhoMne granthakA sundara mudraNa kiyA aura mudraNasambandhI parAmarza diye| -darabArIlAla koThiyA

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1-22 war v v2. 22 23-32 viSaya-sUcI prathama-adhyAya prAstAvika prathama pariccheda bhAratIya vAGmaya aura anumAna anumAnakA vikAsa-krama ( ka ) nyAya-paramparAmeM anumAna-vikAsa (kha ) vaizeSika-paramparAmeM anumAnakA vikAsa (ga) bauddha-paramparAmeM anumAnakA vikAsa (gha ) mImAMsaka-paramparAmeM anumAnakA vikAsa (Ga) vedAnta aura sAMkhya-paramparAmeM anumAna-vikAsa dvitIya pariccheda jaina paramparAmeM anumAna-vikAsa ( ka ) SaTkhaNDAgamameM hetuvAdakA ullekha ( kha ) sthAnAGgasUtrameM hetu-nirUpaNa (ga ) bhagavatImUtrameM anumAnakA nirdeza (gha ) anuyogasUtrameM anumAna-nirUpaNa 1-anumAna bheda 1. punvavaM 2. sesavaM 3. diTTasAhammavaM 1-putvavaM 2-sesavaM (1) kAryAnumAna (2) kAraNAnumAna ( 3 ) guNAnumAna ( 4 ) avayavAnumAna ( 5 ) AzrayI-anumAna 3-dviTThasAhammavaM (1) sAmannadiTTha ( 2 ) visesadiTTa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

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33-52 12 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra 2-kAlabhedase anumAnakA traividhya 1. atItakAlagrahaNa 2. pratyutpannakAlagrahaNa 3. anAgatakAlagrahaNa (Ga) avayava-carcA (ca) anumAnakA mUla rUpa ( cha ) anumAnakA tArkika-vikAsa tRtIya pariccheda saMkSipta anumAna-vivecana anumAnakA svarUpa anumAnake aMga (ka) pakSadharmatA (kha ) vyApti anumAnabheda anumAnAvayava anumAnadoSa caturtha pariccheda bhAratIya anumAna aura pAzcAtya tarkazAstra anvayavidhi saMyukta anvaya-vyatirekavidhi vyatirekavidhi sahacArI vaividhyavidhi avazeSavidhi dvitIya adhyAya prathama pariccheda jaina pramANavAda aura usameM anumAnakA sthAna (ka) tattva ( kha ) pramANakA prayojana (ga ) anya tAkikoM dvArA abhihita pramANakA svarUpa (gha ) jaina cintakoM dvArA pramANakA svarUpa-vimarza 53-57 58-75 58 r r a a

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samantabhadra aura siddhasena pUjyapAda akalaGka vidyAnanda mANikyanandi devasUri hemacandra dharmabhUSaNa niSkarSa (gha) pramANa-bheda (Ga) jainanyAyameM pramANa-bheda (ca) parokSa - pramANakA digdarzana dvitIya pariccheda anumAna - samIkSA ( ka ) anumAnakA mUla rUpa : jainAgamake AlokameM ( kha ) anumAnakA mahattva evaM AvazyakatA ( ga ) anumAnakI paribhASA vaizeSika mImAMsA 76-107 76 76 85 60 (gha) anumAnakA kSetra vistAra : arthApatti aura abhAvakA antarbhAva 98 arthApatti aura abhAva anumAnase pRthaka nahIM haiM sambhavakA anumAnameM antarbhAva prAtibhakA anumAnameM samAveza prathama pariccheda anumAnabheda-vimarza tRtIya adhyAya nyAya sAMkhya bauddha jaina tArkikoM dvArA anumAnabheda - samIkSA viSaya-sUcI : 13 ( ka ) akalaGkokta anumAnabheda - samIkSA ( kha ) vidyAnandakRta anumAnabheda-mImAMsA 62 63 65 66 67 67 67 68 68 69 70 74 101 104 105 108-129 108 108 1* 9 109 111 112 112 113 115

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14 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra ( ga ) vAdirAja dvArA abhihita anumAnabheda - samIkSaNa (gha) prabhAcandra pratipAdita anumAnabheda - AlocanA anumAnabheda - samIkSAkA upasaMhAra svArtha aura parArtha vAdirAjakRta mukhya aura gauNa anumAnabheda 11-12 pratyakSa parArtha hai : siddhasena aura devasUrikA mata : usakI mImAMsA strArthAnumAnake aGga dharmokI prasiddhatA parArthAnumAnake aGga aura avayava dvitIya pariccheda vyApti-vimarza ( ka ) vyAptisvarUpa ( kha ) upAdhi ( ga ) upAdhinirUpaNakA prayojana (gha) jaina dRSTikoNa (Ga) vyApti-grahaNa ( 1 ) boddha vyApti - grahaNa ( 2 ) vedAnta vyApti-sthApanA ( 3 ) sAMkhya vyApti - grahaNa ( 4 ) mImAMsA vyApti-graha ( 5 ) vaizeSika vyApti-graha ( 6 ) nyAya vyApti -graha (ca) jaina vicArakoM kA mata : tarka dvArA vyAptigrahaNa niSkarSa (cha) vyApti-bheda avayava - samavyApti - viSamabyApti anvayavyApti-vyatirekavyApti sAdharmyavyApti - vaidharmyavyApti tathopapatti-anyathAnupatti bahirvyApti, sakalavyApti, antarvyApti caturtha - adhyAya prathama pariccheda va-vimarza 117 118 11 119 121 124 126 126 129 130- 158 130 130 132 133 135 137 138 139 140 140 141 142 146 153 155 155 155 156 156 157 159 - 188 159

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avayavakA vikAsakrama pratipAdyoMkI dRSTise avayavaprayoga tulanAtmaka avayava - vicAra ( 1 ) pratijJA ( 2 ) hetu ( 3 ) dRSTAnta ( 4 ) upanaya ( 5 ) nigamana ( 6-10 ) paMca zuddhiyA~ dvitIya pariccheda hetu-vimarza 1 - hetusvarUpa dvilakSaNa trilakSaNa caturlakSaNa paMcalakSaNa SaDlakSaNa saptalakSaNa jaina tArkikoM dvArA svIkRta hetukA ekalakSaNa : anya - lakSaNasamIkSA 2- hetu-bheda hetubhedoM kA sarvekSaNa jaina paramparAmaM hetubheda sthAnAMgasUtra nirdiSTa hetubheda akalaGka pratipAdita hetubheda vidyAnandokta hetubheda ( 1 ) vidhisAdhaka vidhisAdhana ( bhUta-bhUta ) hetu ( 1 ) kArya ( 2 ) kAraNa ( 3 ) akAryakAraNa viSaya-sUcI : 15 159 163 166 169 173 176 181 183 186 1. vyApya 2. sahacara 3. pUrvacara 4. uttaracara 189-225 189 189 190 190 192 192 193 194 194 204 204 206 207 208 211 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212

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s 213 213 214 214 214 16 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra (2) pratiSedhasAdhaka vidhisAdhana ( abhUta-bhUta ) ( ka ) sAkSAthetu (1) viruddhakArya (2) viruddhakAraNa ( 3 ) viruddhAkAryakAraNa 1. viruddhavyApya 2. viruddhasahacara 3. viruddhapUrvacara 4. viruddha uttaracara ( kha ) paraparAhetu (1) kAraNaviruddha kArya (2) vyApakaviruddhakArya (3) kAraNavyApakaviruddhakArya ( 4 ) vyApakakAraNaviruddhakArya (5) kAraNaviruddha kAraNa (6) vyApakaviruddhakAraNa (7) kAraNavyApakaviruddha kAraNa (8) vyApakakAraNaviruddhakAraNa (9) kAraNaviruddhavyApya (10) vyApakaviruddhavyApya (11) kAraNavyApakaviruddhavyApya (12) vyApakakAraNaviruddha vyApya (13) kAraNaviruddhasahacara (14) vyApakaviruddha sahacara (15) kAraNavyApakaviruddhasahacara (16) vyApakakAraNaviruddhasahacara ( 3 ) vidhisAdhaka pratiSedhasAdhana ( bhUta-abhUta ) 1. viruddhakAryAnupalabdhi 2. viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi 3. viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi 4. viruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi ( 4 ) vidhipratiSedhaka pratiSedhasAdhana ( abhUta-abhUta ) (1) aviruddhakAryAnupalabdhi 214 214 214 214 214 214 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 216 216 216 216 217 217

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( 2 ) aviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi ( 3 ) aviruddha vyApakAnupalabdhi ( 4 ) aviruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi ( 5 ) aviruddha pUrvaca rAnupalabdhi ( 6 ) aviruddha uttaracarAnupalabdhi paMcama adhyAya prathama pariccheda jaina paramparA meM anumAnAbhAsa-vimarza samantabhadradvArA nirdiSTa anumAnadoSa siddhasenanirUpita anumAnAbhAsa akalaGkIya anumAnadopanirUpaNa 1. sAdhyAbhAsa 2. sAdhanAbhAsa ( 1 ) asiddha ( 2 ) viruddha ( 3 ) sandigdha ( 4 ) akiJcitkara 3. dRSTAntAbhAsa ( 1 ) sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa ( 1 ) sAdhyavikala ( 2 ) sAdhanavikala ( 3 ) ubhayavikala ( 4 ) sandigdhasAdhyAnvaya ( 5 ) sandigdhasAdhanAnvaya ( 6 ) sandigdho bhayAnvaya ( 7 ) ananvaya ( 8 ) apradazitAnvaya ( 9 ) viparItAnvaya ( 2 ) vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa ( 1 ) sAdhyAvyAvRtta ( 2 ) sAdhanAvyAvRtta viSaya sUcI : 10 217 217 217 217 217 226-246 226 226 227 228 229 230 233 233 234 234 235 235 235 235 235 235 235 236 236 236 236 236 236 236

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236 236 236 237 237 237 237 237 238 238 238 238 18 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra ( 3 ) ubhayAvyAvRtta ( 4 ) saMdigdhasAdhyavyatireka (5) saMdigdhasAdhanavyatireka ( 6 ) saMdigdhobhayavyatireka (7) avyatireka (8) apradarzitavyatireka (9) viparItavyatireka mANikyanandidvArA anumAnAbhAsa-pratipAdana (1) trividha pakSAbhAsa 1. bAdhita 2. aniSTa 3. siddhabAdhita (1) pratyakSabAdhita (2) anumAnabAdhita ( 3 ) AgagabAdhita (4) lokabAdhita (5) svavacanabAdhita (2) caturvidha hetvAbhAsa ( 3 ) dvividha dRSTAntAbhAsa (1) anvayadRSTAntAbhAsa (2) vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsa ( 4 ) caturvidha bAlaprayogAbhAsa (1) dvi-avayavaprayogAbhAsa (2) tri-avayavaprayogAbhAsa ( 3 ) caturavayavaprayogAbhAsa (4) viparItAvayavaprayogAbhAsa devasUri-pratipAdita anumAnAbhAsa hemacandrokta anumAnAbhAsa anya jaina tAkikoMkA mantavya (1) dharmabhUSaNa (2) cArukItti ( 3 ) yazovijaya 238 238 239 239 239 240 240 240 o 240 240 241 241 241 241 242 244 244 244 245 246

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viSaya-sUcI : 19 247-254 247 247 248 250 255-263 dvitIya parickheda itaraparamparAoMmeM anumAnAbhAsa-vimarza vaizeSikaparamparA nyAyaparamparA bauddhaparamparA upasaMhAra anumAnakA parokSa pramANameM antarbhAva arthApatti anumAnase pRthak nahIM anumAnakA viziSTa svarUpa hetukA ekalakSaNa ( anyathAnupapannatva ) svarUpa anumAnakA aMga ekamAtra vyApti pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara hetuoMkI parikalpanA pratipAdyoMkI apekSA anumAnaprayoga vyAptikA grAhaka ekamAtra tarka tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti sAdhyAbhAsa akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsa bAlaprayogAbhAsa anumAnameM abhinibogha-matijJAnarUpatA aura zrutarUpatA 257 257 258 259 259 259 260 250 261 261 261 262 262

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jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra : aitihAsika evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana

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adhyAya : 1: prathama pariccheda prAstAvika bhAratIya vAGmaya aura anumAna bhAratIya tarkazAstrameM anumAnakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| cArvAka ( laukAyata ) darzanake atirikta zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMne anumAnako pramANarUpameM svIkAra kiyA hai aura use parokSa padArthokI vyavasthA evaM tattvajJAnakA anyatama sAdhana mAnA hai| vicAraNIya hai ki bhAratIya vAGmayake tarka granthoMmeM sarvAdhika vivecita evaM pratipAdita isa mahattvapUrNa aura adhika upayogI pramANakA saMvyavahAra kabase Arambha huA? dUsare, jJAta sudUrakAlameM use anumAna hI kahA jAtA thA yA kisI anya nAmase vaha vyavahRta hotA thA ? jahA~ taka hamArA adhyayana hai bhAratIya vAGmayake nibaddharUpameM upalabdha Rgveda Adi saMhitA-granthoMme anumAna yA usakA paryAya zabda upalabdha nahIM hotA / hA~, upaniSad-sAhityameM eka zabda aisA avazya AtA hai jise anumAnakA pUrva saMskaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai aura vaha zabda hai 'vAkovAkyam'2 / chAndogyopaniSadke isa zabdake atirikta brahmabindUpaniSad 1. gautama akSapAda, nyAyasU0 1 / 1 / 3; bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vaaraannsii| 2. RgvedaM bhagavo'dhyami' vAkovAkyamekAyanaMadhyemi / chAndo0 7 / 1 / 2; nirNayasAgara presa bambaI; san 1932 /

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2 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra meM' anumAnake aGga hetu aura dRSTAnta tathA maitrAyaNI-upaniSadameM 2 anumAnasUcaka 'anumIyate' kriyAzabda milate haiN| isI taraha subAlopaniSadbha3 'nyAya' zabdakA nirdeza hai| ina ullekhoMke adhyayanase hama yaha tathya nikAla sakate haiM ki upaniSad kAlameM adhyAtma-vivecanake liye kramazaH anumAnakA svarUpa upasthita hone lagA thaa| zAGkara-bhASyameM 'vAkovAkyam'kA artha 'tarkazAstra' diyA hai| DA. bhagavAnadAsane bhASyake isa arthako apanAte hue usakA tarkazAstra, uttara-pratyuttarazAstra, yukti-pratiyuktizAstra vyAkhyAna kiyA hai / ina ( artha aura vyAkhyAna )ke AdhArapara anubhavagamya adhyAtmajJAnako abhivyakta karaneke lie chAndogyoyaniSajhai vyavahRta 'vAkovAkyam'ko tarkazAstrakA bodhaka mAna lene meM koI vipratipatti nahIM hai| jJAnotpattikI prakriyAkA adhyayana karanese avagata hotA hai ki Adima mAnavako apane pratyakSa (anubhava) jJAnake avisaMvAditvakI siddhi athavA usako sampaSTike lie kisI tarka, hetu yA yuktikI AvazyakatA par3I hogii| prAcIna bauddha pAlI-grantha brahmajAlasuttameM tarkI aura tarka zabda prayukta hae haiM, jo kamaza: tarkazAstrI tathA taka vidyAke artha meM Aye haiM / yadyapi yahA~ tarkakA adhyayana AtmajJAnake lie anupayogI batAyA gayA hai, kintu tarka aura tarko zabdoMkA prayoga yahA~ kramazaH kutarka (vitaNDAvAda yA vyartha ke vivAda ) aura kutarkI (vitaNDAvAdI) ke artha meM haA jJAta hotA hai / athavA brahmajAlasuttakA ukta kathana usa yugakA pradarzaka hai, jaba tarkakA durupayoga hone lagA thaa| aura isIse sambhavataH brahmajAlasuttakArako AtmajJAnake lie tarkavidyAke adhyayanakA niSedha karanA pdd'aa| jo ho, itanA to usase spaSTa hai ki usameM tarka aura tarko zabda prayukta haiM aura 1. 'hetdRssttaantvjitm'| -brahmabindU0 zla ka; nirNayasAgara prasa bambaI; 1932 / 2. ... bahirAtmA gtyntraatmnaanumaayte| -maitrAyaNI0 5 / 1; nirNayasAgara prasa bambaI, 1632 / 3. zikSA kalpo...nyAyA mAmAMsA... / -subAlApaniSa0 khaNDa 2; prakAzana syAna va samaya vahIM / 4. vAkovAkyaM tkshaastrm| -A0 zaGkara, chAndogyo0 bhASya 71 / 2, gItApresa gorakhapura / 5. DA. bhagavAnadAsa, darzanakA prayojana pR. 1 / 6. 'idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaNo vA brAhmaNo vA takkI hoti vImaMsI / so takkapariyAhataM vomaMsAnucaritaM ... -rAya DeviDa ( sampAdaka ), brahmajAlasu0 1132 /

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bhAratIya vAramaya aura anumAna : 3 tarkavidyAkA adhyayana AtmajJAna ke lie na sahI, vastu-vyavasthAke lie Avazyaka thaa| nyAyasUtra' aura usako vyAkhyAoMme' tarka aura anumAnameM yadyapi bheda kiyA hai-tarkako anumAna nahIM, anumAnakA anugrAhaka kahA hai / para yaha bheda bahuta uttarakAlIna hai / kiso samaya hetu, tarka, nyAya aura anvIkSA ye sabhI anumAnArthaka mAne jAte the| udyotakarake ullekhase yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai| nyAyakozakArane tarkazabdake aneka artha prastuta kiye haiN| unameM AnvIkSiko vidyA aura anumAna artha bhI diyA hai / bAlmIki rAmAyaNameM' AnvIkSikI zabdakA prayoga hai jo hetuvidyA yA tarkazAstrake artha meM huA hai / yahA~ una logoMko 'anartha kuzala', 'bAla', 'paNDitamAnI' aura 'durbudha' kahA hai jo pramukha dharmazAstroMke hote hue bhI vyartha AnvIkSikI vidyAkA sahArA lekara kathana karate yA usakI puSTi karate haiM / ___ mahAbhAratameM AnvIkSikIke atirikta hetu, hetuka, tarkavidyA jaise zabdoMkA bhI prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| tarka vidyAko to AnvIkSikokA paryAya hI batalAyA hai| eka sthAnapara" yAjJavalkyana vizvAvasuke praznoMkA uttara AnvIkSikIke mAdhyamase diyA aura use parA (ucca vidyA kahA hai| dUsare sthalapara yAjJavalkya rAjarSi janakako AnvIkSikIkA upadeza dete hue use caturthI vidyA tathA mokSa ke lie trayo, vArtA aura daNDanIti tInoM vidyAoMse adhika upayogI batalAte haiM / isake atirikta eka anya jagaha zAstrazravaNake anadhikAriyoM ke lie hetuduSTa' zabda AyA hai, jo asatya hetu prayoga karanevAloMke grahaNakA bodhaka pratIta hotA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki jo vyartha tarka bidyA ( AnvIkSikI) para anurakta haiM unheM mahAbhAratakArane 1. akSapATha gautama, nyAyamU0 111 / 3,111 / 40 / 2. vAtsyAyana nyAyabhASya 11113, 11 / 40; udyotakara, nyAthavA. 143, 11 / 40 / 3. apare tvanumAnaM taka ityAhuH / hetustakA nyAyA'nvAkSA ityanumAnamAkhyAyata iti / -udyotakara, nyAyavA, 140; caukhambA vidyAbhavana, san 1916 / 4. bhImAcArya ( sampAdaka ), nyAyaka za. 'taka' zabda, pR. 321, prAcyavidyAsaMzodhana mandira, bambaI, san 1628 | 5. vAlmIki, rAmAyaNa ayo0 kA. 100 / 38,39, gItApresa gorakhapura, vi. saM. 2017 / 6. vyAsa, mahAbhArata zAntiparva 210 / 22; 180 / 47; gItApresa gorakhapura, vi. saM. 2017 / 7. vahI, shaa0p0318|34 / 8. vahIM, zA0pa0 31835 / 6. vahI, anuzA0 50 134 / 17 . 10. vahI, zA0 50 180 / 47 /

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4 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra vAlmIki rAmAyaNakI taraha paNDitaka, hetuka aura vedanindaka kahakara unakI bhaya'nA bhI ko hai / tAtparya yaha ki tarkavidyAke sadupayoga aura durupayogakI ora unhoMne saMketa kiyA hai| eka anya prakaraNameM nAradako paMcAvayavayukta vAkyake guNadoSoMkA vettA aura 'anumAnavibhAgabit' batalAyA hai| ina samasta ullekhoMse avagata hotA hai ki mahAbhAratameM anumAnake upAdAnoM aura usake vyavahArakI carcA hai| AnvIkSikI zabda anumAnakA bodhaka hai| isakA yaugika artha hai anupazcAt + IkSA ... dekhanA arthAt phira jA~ca karanA / vAtsyAyanake 2 anusAra pratyakSa aura Agamase dekhe-jAne padArthako vizeSa rUpase jAnanekA nAma 'anvIkSA' hai aura yaha anvIkSA hI anumAna hai| anvIkSApUrvaka pravRtti karanevAlI vidyA AnvIkSiko-nyAyavidyA-nyAyazAstra hai / tAtparya yaha ki jisa zAstrameM vastusiddhike lie anumAnakA vizeSa vyavahAra hotA hai use vAtsyAyanane anumAnazAstra, nyAyazAstra, nyAyavidyA aura AnvIkSiko batalAyA hai| isa prakAra AnvIkSikI nyAyazAstrako saMjJAko dhAraNa karatI huI anumAnake Rpako prApta huI hai| DA. satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNane AnvIkSikImeM AtmA aura hetu donoM vidyAoMkA samAveza kiyA hai / unakA mata hai ki sAMkhya, yoga aura lokAyata AtmAke astitvako siddhi aura asiddhi meM prAcIna kAlase hI hetuvAda yA AnvIkSikIkA vyavahAra karate A rahe haiN| kauTilyake arthazAstra meM AnvIkSikIke samarthanameM kahA gayA hai ki vibhinna yuktiyoM dvArA biSayoMkA balAbala isI vidyAke Azrayase jJAta hotA hai| yaha 1. vyAsa, mahAbhA0 sabhA parva 5/5, / 2. pratyakSAgamAzritamanumAnaM saa'nyiikssaa| pratyakSAgamAbhyAmIkSitasyAnvIkSaNamanvAkSA / tayA pravartata ityAnvIkSikA nyAyavidyA nyAyazAstram / - vAtsyAyana, nyAyabhA0 1 / 1 / 1; pR07| 3. Anviksiki deald in fact with two subjects, viz Atma, Soul, and Hetu, theory of reasons Vatsyayana obscrves that Auviksiki without the theory of reasons would have like the upanisad been a mere Atma-vidya or Adhyatmavidva. It is the theory of reasons which distinguished it froin the same the Samkhya, yoga & Lokayata, in so far as they treated of reasons affirming of denying the existence of Soul, were included by Kovtilya in the Anviksiki. -A History of Indian Logice, Calcutta University 1921, page 5. 4. kauTilya, arthazAstra vidyAsamudde za 111, pR0 10, 11 /

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bhAratIya vAGamaya aura anumAna : 5 lokakA upakAra karatI hai, duHkha-sukhameM buddhiko sthairya pradAna karatI hai, prajJA, vacana aura kriyAmeM kuzalatA lAtI hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka samasta padArthoMkA prakAzaka hai usI prakAra yaha vidyA bhI saba vidyAoM, samasta kAryoM aura samasta dharmoko prakAzikA hai| kauTilyake isa vivecana aura uparyukta varNanase AnvIkSikI vidyAko anumAnakA pUrvarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| manusmatima 2 jahA~ tarka aura tarkI zabdoMkA prayoga milatA hai vahA~ hetuka, AnvIkSikI aura hetuzAstra zabda bhI upalabdha hote haiM / eka sthAnapara to dharmatattvake jijJAsuke lie pratyakSa aura vividha AgamarUpa zAstrake atirikta anumAnako bhI jAnanekA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki manusmRtikArake samayameM hetuzAstra aura AnvIkSikI zabdoMke sAtha anumAna zabda bhI vyavahRta hone lagA thA aura use asiddha yA vivAdApanna vastuoMkI siddhi ke lie upayogI mAnA jAtA thaa| paTkhaNDAgamameM ' 'hetuvAda', sthAnAGgasUtrameM" 'hetu, bhagavatIsUtrameM 'anumAna' aura anuyogasUtrame anumAnake bheda-prabhedoMkI carcA samAhita hai / ataH jainAgamoMmeM bhI anumAnakA pUrvarUpa aura anumAna pratipAdita haiM / ___ isa prakAra bhAratIya vAGmayake anuzIlanase avagata hotA hai ki bhAratIya tarkazAstra Arambha meM 'vAkovAkyamR', usake pazcAt AnvIkSikI, hetuzAstra, tarkavidyA aura nyAyazAstra yA pramANazAstrake rUpoMmeM vyavahRta huaa| uttarakAlameM pramANamImAMsAkA vikAsa honepara hetuvidyApara adhika bala diyA gyaa| phalataH AnvIkSikI meM arthasaMkoca hokara vaha hetupUrvaka honevAle anumAnakI bodhaka ho gayI / ataH 'vAkovAkyam' AnvIkSikokA aura AnvIkSikI anumAnakA prAcIna mUla rUpa jJAta hotA haiN| 1. vizeSake lie dekhie, DA. satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa, e hisTarI oNpha iNDiyana laoNjika pR0 40 / 2. manusmRti 12 // 106, 12 / 151, 7 / 43, 2011; cokhambA saM0 sI0 vaaraannsii| 3. pratyakSaM cAnumAnaM ca zAstraM ca vividhAgamam / trayaM suviditaM kArya dharmazuddhimabhIpsatA / / -vahI, 12105 / 4. bhUtabalI-puSpadanta, SaTkha0 5 / 5 / 51, solApura saMskaraNa, san 1965 I0 / 5. muni kanhaiyAlAla; sthA0 sU0 pR0 309, 310; vyAvara saMskaraNa, vi0 saM0 2010 / 6. muni kanhaiyAlAla; bha0 sU0 5 / 3 / 161-62; dhanapatasiMha klkttaa| 7. muni kanhaiyAlAla, anu0 sU0 mUlasuttANi, pR0 539; vyAvara saMskaraNa, vi0 saM0 2010 /

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anumAnakA vikAsa-krama anumAnakA vikAsa nibaddharUpameM akSapAdake nyAyasUtrase Arambha hotA hai / nyAyasUtrake vyAkhyAkAroM-vAtsyAyana, udyotakara, vAcaspati, jayanta bhaTTa, udayana, zrIkaNTha, gaMgeza, varddhamAnaupAdhyAya, vizvanAtha prabhRti-ne anumAnake svarUpa, AdhAra, bhedopabheda, vyApti, pakSadharmatA, vyAptigrahaNa, avayava AdikA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai / isake vikAsameM prazastapAda, mAThara, kumArila jaise vaidika dArzanikoMke atirikta vasubandhu, diDnAga, dharmakoti, dharmottara, prajJAkara, zAntarakSita, arcaTa Adi bauddha naiyAyikoM tathA samantabhadra, siddhasena, pAtralvAmI, akalaMka, vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi, prabhAcandra, devasUri, hemacandra pramukha jaina tArkikoMne bhI yogadAna kiyA hai| niHsandeha anumAnakA kramika vikAsa tarkazAstrakI dRSTise jitanA mahattvapUrNa evaM rocaka hai usase kahIM adhika bhAratIya dharma aura darzanake itihAsako dRSTise bhI / yataH bhAratIya anumAna kevala kAryakAraNarUpa bauddhika byAyAma hI nahIM haiM, balki niHzreyasa-upalabdhike sAdhanoMmeM parigaNita hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya anumAna-paramparAkA jitanA vicAra tarkagranthoMmeM upalabdha hotA hai utanA yA usase kucha kama dharmazAstra, darzanazAstra aura purANagragthoMmeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| para hamArA uddezya svatantra dRSTise bhAratIya tarkagranthoMmeM anumAnapara jo cintana upalabdha hotA hai usIke vikAsapara yahA~ samIkSAtmaka vicAra prastuta karanA hai| ( ka ) nyAya-paramparAmeM anumAna-vikAsa ___ gautamane anumAnakI paribhASA kevala "tatpUrvakam"2 pada dvArA hI upasthita kI hai / isa paribhASAmeM "tat" zabda kevala spaSTa hai, jo pUrvalakSita pratyakSake lie prayukta huA hai aura vaha batalAtA hai ki pratyakSa-pUrvaka anumAna hotA hai, kintu vaha anumAna hai kyA ? yaha jijJAsA atRpta hI raha jAtI hai| sUtrake agrAMzameM anumAnake pUrvavat, zeSavat aura sAmAnyatodRSTa ye tIna bheda upalabdha hote haiN| inameM prathamake do bhedoMmeM Agata 'vat' zabda bhI vicAraNIya hai| zabdArthako dRSTise 'pUrvake samAna' aura 'zeSake samAna' yahI artha usase upalabdha hotA hai tathA 'sAmAnyatodRSTa' se 'sAmAnyataH darzana' artha jJAta hotA hai / isake atirikta 1. pradopaH sarvavidyAnA..."iha tvdhyaalmvidyaayaamaatmaaditttvjnyaan| -vAtsyAyana nyAyamA0 11111, pRSTha 11 / 2. gautama akSapAda nyAyasU0 11115, /

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anumAnakA vikAsa-krama : 9 unake svarUpakA koI pradarzana nahIM hotaa|' solaha padArthomeM eka avayava padArtha parigaNita hai| usake pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ina pAMca bhedoMkA paribhASAsahita nirdeza kiyA hai| anumAna ina pAMcase sampanna evaM sampUrNa hotA hai| unake binA anumAnakA AtmalAbha nahIM hotA / ataH anumAnake lie unakI AvazyakatA asandigdha hai| 'hetu' zabdakA prayoga anumAnake lakSaNameM, jo mAtra kAraNasAmagrIko ho pradarzita karatA haiM, hameM nahIM milatA, kintu ukta paMcAvayavoMke madhya dvitIya avayavake rUpa meM 'hetu'kA aura hetvAbhAsake vivecana-sandarbhameM hetvAbhAsoMkA' svarUpa avazya prApta hotA hai| anumAna-parIkSAke prakaraNameM rodha, upaghAta aura sAdRzyase anumAnake mithyA honeko AzaMkA vyakta ko hai| isa parIkSAse vidita hai ki gautamake samayameM anumAnakI paramparA paryApta vikasita rUpa meM vidyamAna tho-'vatamAnAbhAve sarvAgrahaNam, pratyakSAnupapattaH" sUtrameM 'anupapatti' zabdakA prayoga hetuke rUpa meM kiyA hai / vAstava meM 'anupapatti' hetu paMcamyantakI apekSA adhika gamaka hai| isIse anumAnake svarUpako bhI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka bAta aura smaraNIya hai ki 'vyAhatasvAta ahetuH'6 mUtrameM 'ahetu' zabdakA prayoga sAmAnyArthaka mAna liyA jAe to gautamako anumAna-maraNimeM hetu, ahetu aura hetvAbhAsa zabda bhI upalabdha ho jAte haiM / ataeva niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki gautama anumAnake malabhUta pratijJA, sAdhya aura hetu ina tInoM hI aMgoM ke svarUpa aura unake prayogase suparicita the / vAstavameM anumAnakI pramugva AghAra-zilA gamya-gamaka (mAdhya-sAdhana) bhAva yojanA hI hai| isa yojanAkA prayogAtmaka rUpa sAdharmya aura vaidhayaM dRSTAntoMma pAyA jAtA hai| paMcAvayavavAkya ko sAdharmya aura vaidhayaMrUpa praNAlIke mUlalekhaka gautama akSapAda jAna par3ate haiN| inake pUrva kaNAdake vaizepikamUtrameM anumAnapramANakA nirdeza 'laiMgika' zabdadvArA kiyA gayA hai, para usakA vivecana nyAyasUtrameM hI prathamataH dRSTigocara 1. nyAyasa0 105 / 2. vahI, 1932-39 / 3. vahI, 15-6 / 4. vahI, 201138 / 5. vahI, 211143 / 6. vahI, 2 / 1 / 29 / 7. sAdhyasAAttaddharmabhAvI dRSTAnta udAharaNam / tadviparyayAdvA viparItam / -vahI 111136,37 / 8. tayoniSpattiH pratyakSalaiMgikAbhyAm / asyedaM kArya kAraNaM saMyogi virodhi samavAyi ceti laiMgikam / -vaizeSikasU0 10 / 1 / 3, 9 / 2 / 1 /

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10 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra hotA hai / ataH anumAnakA nibaddharUpameM aitihAsika vikAsakrama gautamase Arambhakara rudranArAyaNa paryanta aMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai / rudranArAyaNane apanI tattvaraudrImeM gaMgeza upAdhyAya dvArA sthApita anumAnako navyanyAyaparamparAmeM prayukta navIna padAvalIkA vizeSa vizleSaNa kiyA hai / yadyapi mUlabhUta siddhAnta tattvacintAmaNike hI haiM, para bhASAkA rUpa adhunAtana hai aura avacchedakAvacchinna, pratiyogitAkAbhAva Adiko navona lakSaNAvalImeM spaSTa kiyA hai| gautamakA nyAyasUtra anumAnakA svarUpa, usako parIkSA, hetvAbhAsa, avayava evaM usake bhedoMko jJAta karaneke lie mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki anumAnake nirdhAraka tathya pakSadharmatA, vyApti aura parAmarzakA ullekha isameM nahIM pAyA jAtA, to bhI anumAnakI prastuta kI gayo samIkSAse anumAnakA pUrA rUpa khar3A ho jAtA hai / gautamake samayameM anumAna-sambandhI jina vizeSa bAtoMmeM vivAda thA unakA unhoMne svarUpa vivecana avazya kiyA hai| yathA-pratijJAke svarUpanirdhAraNa ke sambandhameM vivAda thA-koI sAdhyako pratijJA mAnatA thA, to koI kevala dharmIko pratijJA kahatA thaa| unhoMne sAdhyake nirdezako pratijJA kahakara usa vivAdakA nirasana kiyaa| isI prakAra avayavoM, hetuoM, hetvAbhAsoM evaM anumAna-prakAroMke sambandhameM vartamAna vipratipattiyoMkA bhI unhoMne samAdhAna prastuta kiyA aura eka sudRr3ha paramparA sthApita kii| nyAyasUtrake bhASyakAra vAtsyAyanane sUtroM meM nirdiSTa anumAna sambandhI sabhI upAdAnoMkI paribhASAe~ aMkita kI aura anumAnako puSTa aura sambaddha rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| yathArtha meM vAtsyAyanane gautamako amara banA diyA hai| vyAkaraNake kSetrameM jo sthAna bhASyakAra pataMjalikA hai, nyAyake kSetrameM vahI sthAna vAtsyAyanakA hai| vAtsyAyanane sarvaprathama 'tatpUrvakam' padakA vistAra kara liMgaliMginoH sambandhadazana pUrvakamanamAnam' paribhASA aMkita kii| aura liMga-liMgIke sambandhadarzanako anumAnakA kAraNa btlaayaa| ___ gautamane anumAnake trividha bhedoMkA mAtra ullekha kiyA thaa| para vAtsyAyanane unakI sodAharaNa paribhASAe~ bhI nibaddha kI hai| ve eka prakArakA parikAra dekara hI saMtuSTa nahIM hue, apitu prakArAntarase dUsare pariSkAra bhI grathita kiye haiN|" ina vyAkhyAmUlaka pariSkAroMke adhyayana binA gautamake anumAnarUpoMko avagata karanA asambhava hai| ataH anumAnake svarUpa aura usakI bhedavyavasthAke spaSTIkaraNakA zreya bahuta kucha vAtsyAyanako hai / 1. sAdhyanirdezaH pratijJA / -nyAyasU0 111133 / 2. nyAyabhA0 11115, pRSTha 21 / 3,4,5. vahI, 11115, pRSTha 21, 22 /

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anumAnakA vikAsa-krama : 11 apane samaya meM pracalita dazAvayavakI samIkSA karake nyAyasUtrakAra dvArA sthApita paMcAvayava-mAnyatAkA yuktipurassara samarthana karanA bhI unakA ullekhanIya vaiziSTaya hai / ' nyAyamASyameM sAdharmya aura vaidharmya prayukta heturUpoMkI vyAkhyA bhI kama mahattvakI nahIM hai| dvividha udAharaNakA vivecana bhI bahuta sundara aura vizada hai / dhyAtavya hai ki vAtsyAyanane 'pUrvIsman dvaSTAnte yau tau dharmoM sAdhyasAdhanabhUtI pazyati, sAdhye'pi tayoH maadhymaadhnbhaavmnuminoti|' kahakara sAdharmyadRSTAntako anvayadRSTAnta kahane aura anvaya evaM anvayavyApti dikhAnekA saMketa kiyA jAna par3atA hai / isI prakAra 'uttarasmin dRSTAnte tayodharmayorekasyAbhAvAditaramyAbhAvaM pazyati, tayorekasyAbhAvAditarasyAbhAvaM sAdhye'numinotIti / '4 zabdoM dvArA unhoMne vaidhaya'dRSTAntako vyatirekadRSTAnta pratipAdana karane tathA vyatireka evaM vyatirekavyApti pradarzita karanekI ora bhI iMgita kiyA hai| yadi yaha ThIka ho to yaha vAtsyayAna kI eka nayI upalabdhi hai| sUtrakArane hetukA sAmAnya lakSaNa hI vatalAyA hai| para vaha itanA aparyApta hai ki usase hetuke sambandhameM spaSTataH jAnakArI nahIM ho paatii| bhASyakArane hetu-lakSaNako udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa karanekA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| unakA abhimata hai ki 'sAdhyapAdhanaM hetuH' tabhI spaSTa ho sakatA hai jaba sAdhya ( pakSa ) tathA udAharaNa meM dharma ( pakSadharma hetu ) kA pratisandhAna kara usameM sAdhanatA batalAyI jaae| hetu samAna aura asamAna donoM hI prakArake udAharaNa batalAne para sAdhyakA sAdhaka hotA hai / yathA-nyAyamutrakArake pratijJAlakSaNa'ko spaSTa karane ke lie udAharaNasvarUpa kahe gaye 'zabdo'nityaH' ko 'utpattidhamakatvAt hetukA prayoga karake siddha kiyA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha ki bhASyakArane hetusvarUpabodhaka mUtrako udAharaNadvArA vizada vyAkhyA to kI hI hai, para 'sAdhya pratisandhAya dhamamudAhaNe ca pratimandhAya tasya mAdhana tAvattanaM hetuH kathana dvArA sAdhyake sAtha niyata sambandhIko hetu kahA hai| ataH jisa prakAra udAharaNake kSetrameM unakI dena hai usI prakAra hetuke kSetrameM bhii| 1. nyAyabhA0 1132, pRSTha 47 / 2. vahI, // 1 // 34, 35, pRSTha 48 / 3. vahI, 1137, pRSTha 50 / 4. vahI, 1137, pRSTha 50 / 5. nyAyasU0 11 // 34,35 / 6. 'utpattidharmakatvAt' iti| utpattidharmakamanityaM dRSTamiti / -nyAyabhA0 131234, 35, pRSTha 48, 49 / 7. sAdhyanirdezaH pratizA-nyAyasU0 151033 / 8. nyAyabhA0 111133, 35, pRSTha 48, 46 / 9. vahI, 111134, 35, pRSTha 48, 46 /

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12 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra anumAnakI prAmANikatA yA satyatA liMga-liMgoke sambandhapara Azrita hai / vaha sambandha niyata sAhacaryarUpa hai / sUtrakAra gautama usake viSaya meM mauna haiN| para bhASyakArane ' usakA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai| unhoMne liMgadarzana aura liMgasmRtike atirikta liMga ( hetu ) aura liMgI / hetumAn sAdhya ) ke sambandha darzanako bhI anumiti meM Avazyaka batalA kara usa sambandhake marmakA udghATana kiyA hai / unakA mata hai ki sambaddha hetu tathA hetumAn ke milanese hetusmRtikA abhisambandha hotA hai aura smRti evaM liMgadarzanase apratyakSa ( anumeya, arthakA anumAna hotA hai / bhASyakArake isa pratipAdanase pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne 'sambandha' zabdase vyApti-sambandhakA aura 'liMgaliMginoH sambaddhayodarzanam' padoMse usa vyApti samvandhake grAhaka bhUyodarzana yA sahacAradarzanakA saMketa kiyA hai jisakA uttaravartI AcAryoMne spaSTa kathana kiyA tathA use mahattva diyA hai / 2 vastutaH liMga-liMgIko sambaddha dekhanekA nAma hI sahacAradarzana yA bhUyodarzana hai, jise vyAptigrahaName prayojaka mAnA gayA hai / ataH vAtsyAyanake mata se anumAnakI kAraNa- sAmagrI kevala pratyakSa ( liMgadarzana ) hI nahIM hai, kintu liMga darzana, liMgaliMgI sambandhadarzana aura tatsambandhasmRti ye tInoM haiM / tathA sambandha ( vyApti ) kA jJAna unhoMne pratyakSa dvArA pratipAdana kiyA hai, jisakA anusaraNa uttaravartI tArkika bhI kiyA hai / vAtsyAyanakI eka mahattvapUrNa upalabadhi aura ullekhya hai / unhoMne anumAnaparIkSA prakaraNa meM trividha anumAnoMke midhyAtvakI AzaMkA prastuta kara unakI satyatAko siddhikelie kaI prakArase vicAra kiyA hai / ApattikAra kahatA hai ki 'Upara ke pradeza meM varSA huI hai, kyoMki nadImeM vAr3ha AyI hai; " varSA hogI, kyoMki cIMTiyA~ aNDe lekara jA rahI haiM ye donoM anumAna sadoSa haiM, kyoMki kahIM nadI kI dhArA meM rukAvaTa honepara bhI nadI meM vAr3ha A sakatI hai / isI prakAra cIMTiokA aNDoM sahita saMcAra cIMTiyoMke bilake naSTa honepara bhI ho sakatA hai / isI taraha sAmAnyato 1. liMgaligino: sambandhadarzanaM ligadarzanaM cAbhisambaddhayate / ligaliginoH sambaddhayordarzanena liMgasmRtirabhisambaddhayate / smRtyA liMgadarzanena cApratyakSo'rtho'numIyate / -nyAyabhA0 11 1/5, pRSTha 21 / "yathAsvaM bhUyodarzanasahAyAni svAbhAvikasambandhagrahaNe pramANAnyunnetavyAni ... / vAcaspati, nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 1 1/5, pRSTha 167 / 3. udyotakara, nyAyavA0 1 / 115, pRSTha 44 / nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 1/1/5, pRSTha 167 / udayana, nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 parizu0 1115, pRSTha 701 / gaMgeza, tatra cintAmaNi, jAgadI0 pRSTha 378, Adi / 4, 5; 6. nyAyabhA0 2 / 1138, pRSTa 114 / 2.

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anumAnakA vikAsa-krama : 13 dvaSTa anumAnakA udAharaNa-'mora bola rahe haiM, ataH varSA hogI'-bhI mithyAnumAna hai, kyoMki puruSa bhI parihAsa yA AjIvikAkelie morakI bolI bola sakatA hai|' itanA hI nahIM morake bolane para bhI varSA nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki varSA aura morake bolanemeM koI kArya-kAraNasambandha nahIM hai| vAtsyAyana' ina samasta ApattiyoM ( vyabhicAra-zaMkAoM ) kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahate haiM ki ukta ApattiyAM ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki ukta anumAna anumAna nahIM haiM, anumAnAbhAsa haiM aura amumAnAbhAsoMko anumAna samajha liyA gayA hai| tathya yaha hai ki viziSTa hetu hI viziSTa sAdhyakA anamApaka hotA hai / ataH anumAnako satyatAkA AdhAra viziSTa ( sAdhyAvinAbhAvI ) heta hI hai, jo koI nhiiN| yahA~ vAtsyAyanake pratipAdana aura unake 'viziSTa hetu' padase avyabhicArI hetu abhipreta hai jo niyamame mAdhyakA gamaka hotA hai / ve kahate haiM ki yaha anumAtAkA ho aparAdha mAnA jAegA ki vaha arthavizeSavAle anumeya arthako sAmAnya artha se jAnanekI icchA karatA hai, anumAnakA nhiiN| isa prakAra vAtsyAyanane anumAnake upaadaanoke pariSkAra evaM vyAkhyAmUlaka vizadIkaraNake sAtha kitanA hI nayA cintana prastuta kiyA hai| ___ anumAnake kSetrameM vAtsyAyanase bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa kArya udyotakara kA hai| unhoMne liMgaparAmargako anumAna kahA hai| aba taka anumAnakI paribhASA kAraNasAmagrIpara nirbhara thii| kintu unhoMne usakA svatantra svarUpa dekara nayI paramparA sthira kii| vyAptiviziSTa pakSadharmatAkA jJAna hI parAmarza hai| udyotakarako dapTimeM liMgaliMgisambandhasmatise yakta liMgaparAmarza abhISTArtha ( anameyArtha) kA anamApaka hai / ve kahate haiM ki anamAna vastuta: use kahanA cAhie, jisake anantara utarakAlameM zepArtha (anameyArtha) pratipatti (ana miti) ho aura aisA kevala miMgapagamarga hI hai, kyoMki usake anantara niyamataH anumiti utpanna hotI hai| liMgaliMgimambandhasmati Adi liMgaparAmarzase vyavahita ho jAneme anamAna nahIM haiN| udyotakarako yaha anumAna-paribhASA itanI dRr3ha evaM baddhamUla huI ki 1. nyAyabhA01113-, pRSTha 114 / * vahI, 0136, pRSTha 14, 11. / 3,4. vahI0 3 9, pRSTha 1.5 / 5. nyAyavA0 1415. pRSTha 45 Adi / 6. vahI 115, pRSTha 45 / 7. 'tasmAt smRtyanugRhIlA ligaparAmagA'bhASyapratipAdakaH' - vahAM, 115, pR 45 / 8. yammAlligapagaMmazAMdanantaraM zepAtha pratipatiriti / tammAlliMgapagamoM nyAyya iti / smRtirna pradhAnam / kiM kAraNam ? smRtynntrmpraaNtpteH| -vahI, 11115, pR0 5 /

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14 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra uttaravartI prAyaH sabhI vyAkhyAkAroMne apane vyAkhyA-granthoM meM use apanAyA hai| navyanaiyAyikoMne to usameM prabhUta pariSkAra bhI upasthita kiye haiM, jisase tarkazAstrake kSetrameM anumAnane vyApakatA prApta kI hai aura nayA mor3a liyA hai / nyAyavArtikakArane gautamokta pUrvavat, zeSavat aura sAmAnyatodRSTa ina tInoM anumAna-bhedoMkI vyAkhyA karaneke atirikta anvayI, vyatirekI aura anvayavyatirekI ina tIna naye anumAna-bhedoMkI bhI sRSTi kI hai, jo unase pUrva nyAyaparamparAmeM nahIM the| 'vividham' mUtrake inhoMne kaI vyAkhyAna prastuta kiye haiM / nizcayataH unakA yaha sava nirUpaNa unakI maulika dena hai| paravartI naiyAyikoMne unake dvArA racita vyAkhyAoMkA hI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| __udyotakara hArA bauddha sandarbhamaM kI gayI hetulakSaNasamIkSA bhI mahattvakI hai| bauddha" hetukA lakSaNa trirUpa mAnate haiM / para udyotakara na kevala usakI hI AlocanA karate haiM, apitu dvilakSaNakI bhI mImAMsA karate haiN| kintu sUtrakArokta evaM bhASyakAra samarthita dvilakSaNa, trilakSaNake sAtha caturlakSaNa aura paMcalakSaNa hetu unheM iSTa hai| anvayavyatirekomeM paMcalakSaNa aura kevalAnvayI tathA kevalavyatirekImeM caturlakSiNa ghaTita hotA hai| yahA~ udyotakarakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve nyAyabhASyakArakI AlocanA karanese bhI nahIM cUkate / vAtsyAyanane 'tathA vaidha At' isa vaidhayaM prayukta hetulakSaNakA udAharaNa sAdharmya prayukta hetulakSaNake udAharaNa 'utpattidharmakatvAt' ko hI prastuta kiyA hai / ise ve yuktisaMgata na mAnate 1. vAcaspati, nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 11115, pRSTha 169 / tathA udayana, tA0 TI0 parizu0 11 / 5, pRSTha 707, / 2. gaMgeza upAdhyAya, tattvacintAmaNi, jAgadIzI, 10 13, 71 / vizvanAtha, siddhAntamu0 pRSTha 50 / Adi 3. nyAyavA0 11115, pRSTha 46 / 4. vahI, 111 / 5, pRSTha 46-46 / 5. nyAyapraveza, pRSTha 1 / 6. vilakSaNaM ca hetuM buvANena-ahetutvamiti prAptam / tAdRgavinAbhAvidhamopadarzanaM heturityapare tAdRzA vinA na bhavatItyanena dvayaM labhyate-'-nyAyavA0 1 / 1135, pR0 131 / 7. ca zabdAt pratyakSAgamAviruddhaM cetyevaM catulakSaNaM paMcalakSaNamanumAnamiti / --vahI, 11115, pRSTha 46 / 8. nyAyabhA0 11115, pRSTha 49 / 6. nyAyasU0 1 / 1 / 35 / 10. etattu na samaMjasamiti pazyAmaH prayAgamAtrabhedAt / udAharaNamAtrabhedAcca / tasmA nnedaM udAharaNaM nyAyayamiti / udAharaNaM tu 'nedaM nirAtmaka jAvaccharoraM aprANAdimatvaprasaMgAditi ..'-nyAyavA0 161 / 35, pRSTha 123 /

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anumAnakA vikAsa-krama : 15 hue kahate haiM ki yaha to mAtra prayogabheda hai aura prayogabhedase vastu ( hetu ) bheda nahIM ho sktaa| athavA vaha kevala udAharaNabheda hai-AtmA aura ghaTa / yadi udAharaNa-bhedase bheda ho to 'tathA vaidhAt' yaha sUtra nahIM honA cAhie, kyoMki udAharaNake bhedase hI hetubheda avagata ho jAtA hai aura bhedaka udAharaNasUtra 'tadviparyayAdvA viparItam' sUtrakArane kahA hI hai| ataH 'utpattidharmakatvAt' yaha vaidhamyaM prayukta hehukA udAharaNa ThIka nahIM hai| kintu 'nedaM nirAtmakaM jIvaccharIraM aprANAdimatvasaMgAditi' yaha udAharaNa ucita hai| isa prakAra nyAyabhASyakArakI mImAMsA sUtrakAradvArA pratipAdina hetudvayako puSTimeM ho kI gayI hai| ataeva udyotakara antima niSkarSa nikAlate hue likhate haiM ki parokta hetulakSaNa sambhava nahIM hai, yahI ArSa ( sUtrakArokta ) hetulakSaNa saMgata hai / nyAyabhApyakArake samaya taka anumAnAvayavoMkI mAnyatA do rUpoMmeM upalabdha hotI hai / (1 paMcAvayava aura (6) dazAvayava / vAtsyAyanane dazAvayavamAnyatAkI mImAMsA karake gutrakAra pratipAdita paMcAvayavamAnyatAko saMpuSTi kI hai| para udyotakarane 3 tryavayanamAnyatAkI bhI samIkSA kI hai| yaha mAnyatA bauddha tArkika diGnAgakI hai, yoki diGnAgane ho adhika-se-adhika tIna avayava svIkAra kiye hai| sAMkhya vidvAn mATarane" bhI anumAnake tIna avayava pratipAdita kiye haiN| yadi mATara diinAgase parvavartI haiM to tryavayavamAnyatA unako samajhanA caahie| isa prakAra kitanI hI sthApanAoM aura samIkSAoMke rUpameM udyotakarakI upalabdhiyA~ hama unake nyAyatrAtikame pAte haiM / ___ vAcaspatiko bhI anumAna ke lie mahattvaparNa dena hai / vyAptigrahakI sAmagrImeM takakA praveza unakI emI dena hai jisakA anusaraNa uttaravartI sabhI naiyAyikoMne kiyA hai / udyotakaradvArA pratipAdita 'liMgaparAmarzarUpa' anumAna-paribhASAkA samarthana karake use puSTa kiyA hai| do avayavakI mAnyatAkA bhI ullekha karake usakI samIkSA prastuta kI hai| yaha do avayavakI mAnyatA dharmakItikI hai| 1. nyAyavA0, 1135, pRSTha 134 / 2. nyAyabhA0 111132, pRSTha 47 / 3. nyAyavA0 111 / 32, pRSTha 108 / 4. nyAyapraveza pRSTha 1, 2 / 5. pakSahetudaSTAntA iti vyavayavam -mATara vR0 kA0 5 / 6. nyAyavA. nA. To0 1115, pRSTha 167, 170, 178, 165 tathA 111:32, pRSTha 67 / 7. 'athavA tasyaiva sAdhanasya yannAMgaM pratizopanayanigamanAdi..." -vAdanyAya0 pRSTha 61 kintu dharmakoti, nyAvindu ( pRSTha 91 ) meM dRSTAntako hetuse pRthak nahIM mAnate aura hetukA hI sAdhanAbayava batalAte haiN| pramANavArtika (1-128) meM bhI 'hetureva hi kevalaH' kahate haiN|

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16 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra nyAyadarzanameM avinAbhAvakA sarvaprathama svIkAra yA pakSadharmatvAdi pA~ca rUpoMke avinAbhAvadvArA saMgrahakA vicAra unhIMke dvArA praviSTa huA hai| liMga-liMgIke sambandhako svAbhAvika pratipAdana karanA aura use nirUpAdhi aMgIkAra karanA unhIM kI sUjha hai / jayantabhaTTakA bhI anumAnake lie kama mahattvapUrNa yogadAna nahIM hai / unhoMne nyAyamaMjarI aura nyAyakalikAmeM anumAnakA sAgopAMga nirUpaNa kiyA hai / ve svatantra cintaka bhI rahe haiM / yahA~ hama unake svatantra vicArakA eka udAharaNa prastuta karate haiM / nyAyamaMjarI meM hetvAbhAsoM ke prakaraNa meM unhoMne anyathAsiddhatva nAmake eka chaThe hetvAbhAsako carcA kI hai / sUtrakArake ullaMghanakI bAta uThane para ve kahate haiM ki sUtrakArakA ullaMghana hotA hai to hone do, suspaSTa dRSTa aprayojaka hetvAbhAsakA apahnava nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / para anta meM ve use udyotakara kI taraha asiddhavarga meM antarmUrta kara lete haiM / ' athavA ' ke sAtha yaha bhI kahA hai ki aprayojakatva ( anyathAsiddhatva ) sabhI hetvAbhAsavRtti anugata sAmAnyarUpa hai / nyAyafor bhI yahI mata sthira kiyA hai / samavyApti aura viSamavyAptikA nirdeza bhI ullekhanIya hai / avayava - samIkSA hetusamIkSA Adi anumAna-sambandhI vicAra bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM udayanakA cintana sAmAnyatayA pUrvaparamparAkA samarthaka hai, kintu aneka sthaloMpara unakI svastha aura sUkSma vicAra-dhArA unakI maulikatAkA spaSTa prakAzana karatI hai / upAdhi aura vyAptikI jo paribhASAe~ unhoMne prastuta kIM, uttarakAlameM unhIMko kendra banAkara puSkala vicAra huA hai / anumAna ke vikAsa meM abhinava krAnti udayanase Arambha hotI hai| sUtra aura vyAkhyApaddhati ke sthAna meM prakaraNa paddhatikA janma hotA hai aura svatantra prakaraNoM dvArA anumAnake svarUpa, AdhAra, avayava, parAmarza, vyApti, upAdhi hetu evaM pakSa - sambandhI doSoMkA isa kAla meM sUkSma vicAra kiyA gayA hai / gaMgezane tattvacintAmaNimeM anumAnakI paribhASA to vahI dI hai jo udyotakara ne nyAyavArttikameM upasthita kI hai, para unakA vaiziSTraya yaha hai ki unhoMne anumiti kI aisI paribhASA prastuta kI hai jo nyAyaparamparAmeM aba taka pracalita nahIM thI / 1. nyAyamaMjarI pRSTha 131, 163-166 / 2. aprayojakatvaM ca sarvahetvAbhAsAnAmanugataM rUpam / -- nyAyaka0 pRSTha 15 3. kiraNAvalI 0 pRSTha 267 / 4. tatra vyAptiviziSTapacadharmatAjJAnajanyaM jJAnamanumitiH, tatkaraNamanumAnam / - ta0 ci0 anumAnalakSaNa, pRSTha 13 /

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anumAnakA vikAsa-krama : 17 usameM prayukta vyApti aura pakSadharmatA padoMkA unhoMne sarvathA abhinava tathA vistRta svarUpa pradarzita kiyA hai / vyAptigrahake sAdhanoMmeM sAmAnyalakSaNApratyAsattipara unhoMne sarvAdhika bala diyA hai / unakA abhimata hai ki yadi sAmAnyalakSaNA na ho to anukUla tarkAdikake binA dhUmAdimeM AzaMkita vyabhicAra nahIM bana sakegA, kyoMki prasiddha dhUmameM vahnisambandhakA jJAna ho jAnese kAlAntarIya evaM dezAntarIya dhUmake sadbhAvakA sAdhaka pramANa na honese usakA jJAna nahIM hotA / sAmAnyalakSaNA dvArA to samasta ghUmoMko upasthiti ho jAne aura dhUmAntarakA vizeSa darzana na hone se vyabhicArakI AzaMkA sambhava hai / tAtparya yaha ki vyabhicArazaMkAke lie sAmAnyalakSaNAkA mAnanA Avazyaka hai aura vyabhivArazaMkAke hone para hI tarkAdikI upayogitA pramANita hotI hai / isI prakAra gaMgezane anumAnake sambandhameM maulika vivecana navyanyAyake AlokameM kara naye siddhAnta prastuta kiye haiM / vizvanAtha, jagadIza tarkAlaMkAra, mathurAnAtha taka vAgIza, gadAdhara Adi navyanaiyAyikoMne bhI anumAnapara bahuta hI sUkSma vicAra karake use samRddha kiyA hai| kezava mithakI tarkabhASA aura annambhaTTakI takara graha prAcIna aura navIna nyAyakI pratinidhi takRtiyA~ haiM jinameM anumAnakA subodha aura sarala bhASAmeM vivecana upalabdha hai| ( kha ) vaizeSika-paramparAmeM anumAnakA vikAsa vaizeSikadarzanamUtrapraNetA kaNAdane svatantra darzanakA praNayana karake usameM padArthAko siddhi ( vyavasthA ) pratyakSake atirikta laiMgika dvArA bhI pratipAdita kI hai aura hetu, apadeza, liMga, pramANa jaise hetuvAcI paryAya-zabdoMkA prayoga tathA kArya, kAraNa, saMyogi, viroghi evaM samavAya ina pAMca laiMgikaprakAroM aura trividha hetvAbhAsoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| unake isa maMkSipta anumAna-nirUpaNameM anumAnakA sUtrapAta mAtra dikhatA hai, vikasita rUpa kama milatA hai| para unake bhASyakAra prazastapAdake bhASyameM anumAna-samIkSA vizeSa rUpameM upalabdha hotI hai / anumAnakA 1. nanvanumitihetuvyAptizAne kA vyAptiH / na tAvadanyabhicaritatvam / 'nApi / atrI cyate / pratiyogyasamAnAdhikaraNyayatsamAnAdhikaraNAtyantAbhAvapratiyAgitAvacchada kAvacchinnaM yanna bhavati tena samaM tasya sAmAnAdhikaraNyaM vyAptiH / -ta. ci0 anumAna lakSaNaM, pRSTha 77, 86, 171, 178, 181, 186-206 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 631 3. vyAptigrahazca sAmAnyalakSaNApratyAsatyA skldhuumaadivissykH| yadi sAmAnyalakSaNA nAsti tadA..... -vahI, pRSTha 433, 453 / 4. vaizeSika da0 1011 // 3, tathA 6 / 2 / 1,4 / 3

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18 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra lakSaNa prazastapAdane isa prakAra diyA hai-'liMgadarzanAsaMjAyamAnaM laiMgikam" arthAt liMgadarzanase honevAle jJAnako laiMgika kahate haiM / iso sandarbha meM unhoMne liMgakA svarUpa batalAneke lie kAzyapakI do kArikAe~ uddhRta kI haiM jinakA Azaya prastuta karate hue likhA hai ki jo anumeya artha ke sAtha kisI dezavizeSa yA kAlavizeSameM sahacarita ho, anumeyadharmase samanvita kisI dUsare sabhI athavA eka sthAnameM prasiddha ( vidyamAna ) ho aura anumeyase viparIta sabhI sthAnoMmeM pramANase asat (vyAvRtta) ho vaha aprasiddha arthakA anumApaka liMga hai| kintu jo aisA nahIM vaha anumeyake jJAnameM liMga nahIM hai-liMgAbhAsa hai / isa prakAra prazastapAdane sarvaprathama liMgako trirUpa varNita kiyA hai / bauddha tArkika diGnAgane bhI hetuko trirUpa batalAyA hai| sambhavataH vaha prazastapAdakA anusaraNa hai| nyAptigrahaNake prakArakA nirUpaNa bhI hama prazastapAdake bhASyameM sarvaprathama dekhate haiN| unhoMne use batalAte hue likhA hai ki 'jahA~ ghUma hotA hai vahA~ agni hotI hai aura agni na hone para dhUma bhI nahIM hotA, isa prakArase vyAptiko grahaNa karane vAle vyaktiko asandigdha ghUmako dekhane aura dhUma tathA vahnike sAhacaryakA smaraNa honeke anantara agnikA jJAna hotA hai / isI taraha sabhI anumAnoMmeM vyAptikA nizcaya anvaya-vyatirekapUrvaka hotA hai / ataH samasta deza tathA kAlameM sAdhyAvinAbhUta liMga sAdhyakA anumApaka hotA hai|' vyAptigrahaNake prakArakA isa tarahakA spaSTa nirUpaNa prazastapAdase pUrva upalabdha nahIM hotaa| prazastapAdane aise katipaya hetuoMke udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM jinakA antarbhAva sUtrakAra kaNAdake ukta kAryAdi paMcavidha hetuoM meM nahIM hotaa| yathA-candrodayase samudravRddhi aura kumudavikAsakA, zarameM jalaprasAdase agastyodayakA anumAna krnaa| ataeva ve sUtrakArake hetukathanako avadhAraNArthaka na mAnakara 'asyedam' 1. praza0 mA0 pRSTha 11 / 2,3. vahI, pRSTha 100, 101 / 4. hetustriruupH| kiM punastrairUpyam / pakSakSadharmatvaM sapakSe satvaM vipakSe cAsatvamiti / -nyAyapra0 pR0 1 / 5. vidhistu yatra ghUmastatrAgniragnyAbhAve ghUmo'pi na bhavatIti / evaM prasiddhasamayasyAsandigdha ghUmadarzanAt sAhacaryAnusmaraNAt tadanantaramagnyadhyavasAyo bhavatIti / evaM sarvatra dezakAlAvinAbhUtamitarasya liMgam / -praza0 bhA0 pRSTha 102, 103 6. zAstre kAryAdigrahaNaM nidarzanArtha kRtaM nAvadhAraNArtham / kasmAt ? vyatirekadarzanAt / tayathA-vyavahitasya hetuliMgam, candrodayaH samudravRddhaH kumudavikAzasya ca' ...." / vahI, pRSTha 104 /

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anumAnakA vikAsakrama : 19 isa sambandhamAtra ke sUcaka vacanase candrodayAdi hetuoMkA, jo kAryAdirUpa nahIM haiM, saMgraha kara lete haiM / yaha pratipAdana bhI prazastapAdakI anumAnake kSetra meM eka dena hai / 4 anumAnake dRSTa aura sAmAnyatodRSTake bhedase do bhedoM tathA svanizcitArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna ke bhedase bhI do bhedoM kA varNana, zabda, ceSTA, upamAna, arthApatti, sambhava, abhAva aura aitihyakA anumAna meM antarbhAva - pratipAdana, 3 parArthAnumAnavAkya ke pratijJA, apadeza, nidarzana, anusandhAna, pratyAmnAya ina pA~ca avayavoMkI parikalpanA, hetvAbhAsoMkA apane DhaMgakA cintana, " anadhyavasitanAma ke hetvAbhAsa kI kalpanA aura phira use asiddha ke bhedoM meM hI antarbhUta karanA tathA nidarzanake vivecanaprasaMga meM nidarzanAbhAsoMkA kathana, 7 jo nyAyadarzana meM upalabdha nahIM hotA, kevala jaina aura bauddha tarkagranthoMmeM vaha milatA hai, Adi anumAna-sambandhI sAmagrI prazastapAdabhASya meM paryApta vidyamAna hai / vyomaziva, zrIdhara Adi vaizeSika tArkikoMne bhI anumAnapara vicAra kiyA hai aura use samRddha banAyA hai / ( ga ) bauddha paramparA meM anumAnakA vikAsa bauddha tArkika to bhAratIya tarkazAstrako itanA prabhAbita kiyA hai ki anumAnapara unake dvArA saMkhyAbaddha grantha likhe gaye haiM / upalabdha bauddha tarkagranthoM meM sabase prAcIna tarkazAstra aura upAyahRdaya nAmaka do grantha mAne jAte haiM / tarkazAstra meM tIna prakaraNa haiM / prathamameM paraspara doSApAdana, khaNDanaprakriyA, pratyakSaviruddha, anumAnaviruddha, lokaviruddha tIna viruddhoM kA kathana hetuphalanyAya, sApekSanyAya, sAdhananyAya, tathatAnyAya cAra nyAyoMkA pratipAdana Adi hai / dvitIyameM khaNDanabhedoM aura tRtIya meM unhIM bAisa nigrahasthAnoMkA abhidhAna hai, jinakA gautama ke nyAyasUtrameM hai / kintu gautamako taraha hetvAbhAsa pA~ca varNita nahIM haiM, , 1. praza0 bhA0 pRSTha 104 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 106, 113 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 106-112 / 4. vahI, pRSTha 114-127 / 5. vahI, pRSTha 116-121 / 6. vahI, pRSTha 116 tathA 120 / 7. vahI, pRSTha 122 / 8. oriyaMTala iMsTITyUTa baDaudA dvArA prakAzita Pre-Dinnaga Buddhist texts on Logic From Chinese Sources ke antargata 1 9. vahI /

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20 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra apitu asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika tIna abhihita haiN| jaisI yaktiyAM aura pratiyuktiyA~ isameM pradarzita haiM unase anumAnakA upahAsa jJAta hotA hai| para itanA spaSTa hai ki zAstrArtha meM vijaya pAne aura virodhIkA mu~ha banda karaneke lie sad-asad tarka upasthita karanA usa samayako pravRti rahI jAna par3atI hai| ___ upAyahRdayana cAra prakaraNa hai| prathamameM vAdake guNa-doSoMkA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vAda nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki usase vAda karanevAloMko vipula krodha aura ahaMkAra utpanna ho jAtA hai. citta vibhrAnta, mana kaThora, parapApa prakAzaka aura svakIya pANDityakA ana modaka bana jAtA hai| isake uttarameM kahA gayA hai ki tiraskAra, lAbha aura khyAtike lie vAda nahIM, apitu sulakSaNa aura durlakSaNa upadezako icchAse vaha kiyA jAnA caahie| yadi lokameM vAda na ho to mUryokA bAhulya ho jAegA aura usase mithyAjJAnAdikA sAmrAjya jama jaaegaa| phalataH saMsArakI durgati tathA uttama kAryoko kSati hogii| isa prakaraNameM nyAyasUtrakI taraha pratyakSAdi cAra pramANa aura pUrvavadAdi tIna anumAna vaNita haiM / ATha prakArake hetvAbhAsoM AdikA bhI nirUpaNa hai| dvitIyameM vAdadharmoM Adi kA, tRtIyameM dUpaNoM AdikA aura caturtha meM bIsa prakArake praznottara dharmoM, jinakA nyAyasUtra meM jAtiyoMke rUpameM kathana hai, AdikA vaNana hai| ullekhya hai ki isameM pUrvavat, zeSavat aura sAmAnyatodRSTa ina anumAnoMke jo udAharaNa diye gaye hai ve nyAyabhASyagata udAharaNoMse bhinna tathA anuyogasUtra aura yuktidIpikAse' abhinna haiM / isase pratIta hotA hai ki isameM kisI prAcIna paramparAkA anusaraNa hai| yahA~ ina donoM granthoMke saMkSipta paricayakA prayojana kevala anumAnake prAcIna srotako dikhAnA hai / parantu uttarakAlameM ina granthoMkI paramparA nahIM apanAyI gayI / nyAyapraveza meM anumAnasambandhI abhinava paramparAe~ sthApita kI gayI haiM / 1. yathApUrvamavatAstrividhAH / asiddho'maikAntiko viruddhazceti hetvAbhAsAH / -takazAstra pRSTha 40 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 3 / 3. upAyahRdaya pRSTha 3 / 4. vahI pRSTha 6-17, 18--21, 22-25, 26-32 / 5. yathA SaTaMguliM sapiDakamUrdhAnaM bAlaM dRSTvA pazcAddhaM bahuzrutaM devadattaM dRSTvA SaDaMgulismaraNAta so'yamiti pUrvavat / zeSavat yathA, sAgarasalilaM pItvA tallavaNaM samanubhUya zeSa mapi salilaM tulyameva lavaNamiti |-vhii, pRSTha 13 / 6. saM0 munizrI kanhaiyAlAla, mUlasuttANi, a0 sU0 pRSTha 536 / 7. yu0 dI0 kA0 5, pRSTha 45 / 8. nyA0 pra0 pRSTha 1-8 //

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anumAnakA vikAsa-krama : 21 sAdhana ( parArthAnumAna ) ke pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta tIna avayava, hetuke pakSadharmatva, sapakSasatva aura vipakSAsatva tIna rUpa, pakSa, sapakSa aura vipakSake lakSaNa tathA pakSalakSaNameM pratyakSAdyaviruddha vizeSaNakA praveza, jo prazastapAdake anusaraNakA sUcaka hai, navavidha pakSAbhAsa, tIna hetvAbhAsa aura unake prabheda, dvividha dRSTAntAbhAsa aura pratyekake pAMca-pA~ca bheda, pratyakSa aura anumAnake bhedase dvividha pramANa, liMgase hone vAle artha ( anumeya ) darzanako anumAna; hetvAbhAsapUrvaka honevAle jJAnako anumAnAbhAsa, dUSaNa aura dUSaNAbhAsa Adi anumAnopayogI tattvoMkA spaSTa nirUpaNa karake bauddha tarkazAstrako atyadhika puSTa tathA pallavita kiyA gayA hai| isI prayojanako puSTa aura bar3hAvA deneke lie diGanAgane nyAyadvAra, pramANasamuccaya savRtti, hetucakrasamarthana Adi granthoMkI racanA karake unameM pramANakA vizeSatathA anumAnakA vicAra kiyA hai| dharmakIrtine prayANasamuccayapara apanA pramANavAtika likhA hai, jo udyotakarake nyAyavAtikakI taraha vyAkhyeya granthase bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa aura yazasvI huaa| inhoMne hetubindu, nyAyabindu Adi svatantra prakaraNa-granthoMkI bhI racanA kI hai aura jinase bauddha tarkazAstra na kevala samRddha huA, apitu aneka upalabdhiyA~ bhI use prApta huI haiN| nyAyabindumeM anumAnakA lakSaNa aura usake dvividha bheda to nyAyapraveza pratipAdita hI hai / para anumAnake avayava dharmakIrtine tIna na mAnakara hetu aura dRSTAnta ye do athavA kevala eka hetu hI mAnA hai / hetuke tIna bheda ( svabhAva, kArya aura anupalabdhi ), avinAbhAvaniyAmaka tAdAtmya aura tadutpattisambandhadvaya, gyAraha anupalabdhiyA~ Adi cintana dharmakotikI dena hai| inhoMne jahA~ diGnAgake vicAroMkA samarthana kiyA hai vahA~ unako kaI mAnyatAoMkI AlocanA bhI kI hai| diGnAgane viruddha hetvAbhAsake bhedoMmeM iSTavighAtakRt nAmaka tRtIya viruddha hetvAbhAta, anekAntikabhedoMmeM viruddhAvyabhicArI aura sAdhanAvayavoMmeM dRSTAntako svIkAra kiyA hai| dharmakItine nyAyAbindu meM ina tInoMko samIkSA kI hai|" inakI vicAra-dhArAko 1. paM0 dalanukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, dharmottara-pradIpa, prastAva0 pRSTha 41 / 2 dhamoMttarapradopa, prastAvanA, pRSTha 44 / 3. athavA tasyaMtra sAdhanasya yannADgaM pratizopanayanigamanAdi..." -rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, vAdanyA0 pRSTha 61 / / 4. dhamakI ti, nyAbindu tRtIya pari0 pRSTha 91 / 5. (ka) tatra ca tRtiiyo'piissttvidhaatdviruddhH| sa iha karamAnnoktaH / anayorevAntarbhAvAt / (kha) viruddhAvyabhicAryApa saMzayahetu ruktaH / sa iha ksmaannoktH| anumAnaviSaye'. sambhavAt / (ga) trirUpo heturuktaH / tAvataivArthapratItiriti na pRthagdRSTAnto nAma sAdhanAvayavaH kazcit / -nyAyabi0 pRSTha 76-80, 86,91 /

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22 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra unakI ziSyaparamparAmeM hone vAle devendrabuddhi, zAntabhadra, vinItadeva, arcaTa, dharmotara, prajJAkara Adine puSTa kiyA aura apanI vyAkhyAoM-TokAoM Adi dvArA pravRddha kiyA hai| isa prakAra bauddhatarkazAstrake vikAsane bhI bhAratIya anumAnako aneka rUpoMmeM samRddha kiyA hai| (gha ) momAMsaka-paramparAmeM anumAnakA vikAsa bauddhoM aura nayAyikoMke nyAyazAstra vikAsakA avazyambhAvI pariNAma yaha huA ki mImAMsaka jaise darzanoMmeM, jahA~ pramANako carcA gauNa tho, kumArilane zlokavArtika, prabhAkarane bRhato, zAlikAnAthane bRhatIpara paMcikA aura pArthasArathine zAstradIpikAntargata tarkapAda jaise grantha likhakara takazAstrako mImAMsaka dRSTi se pratiSThita kiyaa| zlokavArtikameM to kumAritne' eka svatantra anumAnaparicchedakI racanA karake anumAnakA viziSTa cintana kiyA hai aura vyApya hI kyoM gamaka hotA hai isakA sUkSma vicAra karate hue unhoMne vyApya evaM vyAptike sama aura viSama do rUpa batalAkara anumAnako samRddhi ko hai| (Ga) vedAnta aura sAMkhyaparamparAmeM anumAna-vikAsa vedAntameM bhI pramANazAstrako dRSTise vedAntaparibhASA jaise grantha likhe gaye haiN| sAMkhya vidvAn bhI pIche nahIM rhe| IzvarakRSNane anumAnakA prAmANya svIkAra karate hue use trividha pratipAdita kiyA hai| mAThara, yuktidIpikAkAra, vijJAnabhikSu aura bAcaspati Adine apanI vyAkhyAoM dvArA use sampuSTa aura vistRta kiyA hai| 1. mI0 zlo0 anumA0 pari0 zloka 4-7 tathA 8-171 /

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dvitIya pariccheda jaina-paramparAmeM anumAna-vikAsa samprati vicAraNIya hai ki jaina vADmayameM anumAnakA vikAsa kisa prakAra huA aura ArambhameM usakA kyA rUpa thA ? ( ka ) SaTkhaNDAgamameM hetuvAdakA ullekha jaina zrutakA AloDana karanepara jJAta hotA hai ki SaTkhaNDAgamameM zrutake paryAyanAmoMmeM eka 'hetuvAda'' nAma bhI parigaNita hai, jisakA vyAkhyAna AcArya vIrasenane hetudvArA tatsambaddha anya vastukA jJAna karanA kiyA hai aura jisaparase use spaSTatayA anumAnArthaka mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki anumAnakA bhI hetuse sAdhyakA jJAna karanA artha hai / ataeva hetuvAdakA vyAkhyAna hetuvidyA, tarkazAsva, yuktizAstra aura anumAnazAstra kiyA jAtA hai / svAmI samantabhadrane sambhavataH aise hI zAstrako 'yuktyanuzAsana'2 kahA hai aura jise unhoMne dRSTa ( pratyakSa ) aura Agamase aviruddha arthakA prarUpaka batalAyA hai| ( kha ) snAnAMgasUtrameM hetu-nirUpaNa sthAnAMgasUtra' meM 'hetu' zabda prayukta hai aura usakA prayoga prAmANasAmAnya tathA anumAnake pramukha aMga hetu ( sAdhana ) donoMke artha meM huA hai / pramANasAmAnyake artha meM usakA prayoga isa prakAra hai 1. heduvAdo NayavAdo pavaravAdo maggavAdo sudvaado| -bhUtabalI-puSpadanta, SaTkhaNDA0 5 / 551, solApura saMskaraNa 1965 / 2. dRSTAgamAbhyAmaviruddhamarthaprarUpaNaM yuksyanuzAsanaM te|| -samantabhadra, yujsyanuzA0 kA0 48; vIrasevAmandira dillii| 3. athavA heU caunvihe pannate taM jahA-paccakkhe anumAne uvame aagme| athavA heU cavvihe pannate taM jahA-atyi taM atthi so heU, atthi taM patthi so heU, gatyi taM atthi so heU, Natyi taM Natthi so heU / -sthAnAMgasU0 pRSTha 309-310 / 4. hinoti paricchinnattyarthamiti hetuH|

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24 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra 1. hetu cAra prakArakA hai (1) pratyakSa (2) anumAna ( 3 ) upamAna ( 4 ) Agama gautamake nyAyasUtra meM bhI ye cAra bheda abhihita haiN| para vahAM inheM pramANake bheda kahA hai| hetuke arthameM hetu zabda nimna prakAra vyavahRta huA hai2. hetuke cAra bheda haiM(1) vidhi vidhi-( sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM sadbhAvarUpa hoM) (2) vidhi-niSedha-( sAdhya vidhirUpa aura sAdhana niSedharUpa ) ( 3 ) niSedha-vidhi-( sAdhya niSedharUpa aura hetu vidhirUpa ) ( 4 ) niSedha-niSedha--( sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM niSedha rUpa hoM ) inheM hama kramazaH nimna nAmoMse vyavahRta kara sakate haiM(1) vidhisAdhaka vidhirUpa aviruddhopalabdhi (2) vidhisAdhaka niSedharUpa viruddhAnupalabdhi (3 ) niSedhasAdhaka vidhirUpa viruddhopalabdhi ( 4 ) pratiSedhasAdhaka pratiSedharUpa aviruddhAnulabdhi inake udAharaNa nimna prakAra diye jA sakate haiM(1) agni hai, kyoMki dhUma hai| (2) isa prANImeM vyAdhivizeSa hai, kyoMki nirAmaya ceSTA nahIM hai / ( 3 ) yahA~ zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki uSNatA hai / ( 4 ) yahA~ dhUma nahIM hai, kyoMki agni kA abhAva hai / 1. dharmabhUSaNa, nyAyadI0 pR0 95-99 / 2. mANikyanandi, parIkSAmu0 3 / 57-58 / 3. tulanA kIjie 1. parvato'yamagnimAn dhUmatvAnyathAnupapatteH-dharmabhUSaNa, nyAyadI0 pR0 15 / 2. yathA'smin prANini vyAdhivizeSo'sti niraamycessttaanuplbdheH| 3. nAstyatra zItasparza auSNyAt / 4. nAstyatra dhuumo'ngneH| -mANikyanandi, parIkSAmu0 3 / 87, 76, 82 /

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jaina-paramparAmeM anumAna-vikAsa : 25 (ga ) bhagavatIsUtrameM anumAnakA nirdeza bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake pradhAna ziSya gautama ( indrabhUti) gaNadharake saMvAdameM pramANake pUrvokta cAra bhedoMkA ullekha AyA hai, jinameM anumAna bhI sammilita hai| (gha ) anuyogasUtrameM anumAna-nirUpaNa anumAnakI kucha adhika vistRta carcA anuyogasUtrameM upalabdha hotI hai / isameM anumAnake bhedoMkA nirdeza karake unakA sodAharaNa nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / 1. anumAna-bheda : isameM anumAnake tIna bheda batAe haiM / yathA (1) putvavaM ( pUrvavat ) (2) sesavaM ( zeSaSat ) ( 3 ) diisAhammavaM ( dRSTasAdharmyavat ) 1. puvvavaM3-jo vastu pahale dekhI gayI thI, kAlAntarameM kiMcit parivartana honepara bhI use pratyabhijJAdvArA parvaliMgadarzanase avagata karanA 'pucavaM' anumAna hai| jaise bacapanameM dekhe gaye bacceko yuvAvasthAmeM kiMcit parivartanake sAtha dekhane para bhI pUrva cinhoM dvArA jJAta karanA ki 'vahI zizu' hai| yaha 'punvavaM' anumAna kSetra, varNa, lAMchana, massA aura tila prabhRti cinhoMse sampAdita kiyA jAtA hai / 2. sesavaM.-isake hetubhedase pA~ca bheda haiM-- ( 1 ) kAryAnumAna (2) kAraNAnumAna ( 3 ) guNAnumAna 1. goyamA NA tiNaDhe smjhe| .. se kiM taM pamANaM ? pamANe cauvihe paNNatte / taM jahApaccarakhe aNumANe Avamme jahA aNuyogaddAre tahA NeyavvaM pamANaM / -bhagavatI0 5,3, 161-92 / / 2, 3, 4. aNumANa tivihe pnnnntt| taM jahA-1. puvvavaM, 2. sesavaM, 3. diTThasAhammavaM / se kiM punvavaM ? punavaM mAyA puttaM jahA na? juvANaM puNarAgayaM / kAI paccabhijANejjA punvaliMgeNa keNaI / / taM jahA-kheteNa vA, vaNNaNa vA, laMchaNeNaM vA, maseNa vA, tilaeNa vA / se taM puvvavaM / se kiM taM sesavaM ? sesavaM paMcavihaM paNNattaM / taM jahA-1. kajjeNaM, 2. kAraNeNaM, 3. guNeNaM, 4. avayaveNaM, 5 AsaeNaM / -muni zrIkanhaiyAlAla, anuyogadvArasUtra, mUlasuttANi, pRSTha 536 /

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26 : jaina tarkazAstra meM bhanumAna-vicAra ( 4 ) avayavAnumAna (5) Azrayo-anumAna ( 1 ) kAryAnumAna-kAryase kAraNako avagata karanA kAryAnumAna hai| jaisezabdase zaMkhako, tADanase bheroko, DhADanese vRpabhako, kekAravase mayUrako, hinahinAne ( heSita ) se azvako, gulagulAyita ( ciMghADane ) se hAthIko aura ghaNAghaNAyita ( ghanaghanAne ) se rathako anumita krnaa| ( 2 ) kAraNAnumAna-kAraNase kAryakA anumAna karanA kAraNAnumAna hai| jaise-tantuse paTakA, vIraNase kaTakA, mRtpiNDase ghar3ekA anumAna karanA / tAtparya yaha ki jina kAraNoMse kAryoMkI utpatti hotI hai, unake dvArA una kAryoMkA avagama prApta karanA 'kAraNa' nAmakA 'sesavaM' anumAna hai / 2 (3) guNAnumAna-guNase guNIkA anumAna karanA guNAnumAna hai| yathAgandhase puSpakA, rasase lavaNakA, sparzase vastrakA aura nikaSase suvarNakA anumAna karanA / ( 4 ) avayavAnumAna-avayavase avayavokA anumAna karanA avayavAnumAna hai / yathA-soMgase mahiSakA, zikhAse kukkuTakA, zuNDAdaNDase hAthIkA, dAr3hase varAhakA, picchase mayUrakA, lAMgUlase vAnarakA, khurAse azvakA, nakhase vyAghrakA, bAlAgrase camarIgAyakA, do pairase manuSyakA, cAra pairase go AdikA, bahupAdase kanagojara ( paTAra ) kA, kesarase siMhakA, kakubhase vRSabhakA, cUDIsahita bAhuse mahilAkA, baddhaparikaratAse yoddhAkA, vastrase mahilAkA, dhAnyake eka kaNase droNa pAkakA aura eka gAthAse kavikA anumAna karanA / 1. kajjeNaM--saMkhaM saddeNaM, meri tADieNaM, vasabhaM DhakkieNaM, moraM kiMkAieNaM, hayaM heptieNaM, gayaM gulagulAieNaM, rahaM ghaNaghaNAi eNaM, se taM kajjeNaM / -anuyoga0 upakramAdhikAra pramANadvAra, pRSTha 539 / / 2. kAraNeNaM-taMtavA paDarasa kAraNaM Na paDA taMtukAraNaM, vIraNA kaTassa kAraNaM Na kaDo vIraNAkAraNaM, mippiMDo ghaTassa kAraNaM Na ghaDo mippiMDakAraNaM, se taM kAraNeNaM / -vahI, pRSTha 540 / 3. guNeNaM-suvaNNaM nikaseNaM, puppha gaMdheNaM, lavaNaM raseNaM, mairaM AsAyaeNa, vatthaM phAseNaM, se taM guNeNaM / --vahI, pRSTha 540 / 4. avayaveNaM-mahisaM siMgaNa, kukkuDaM sihAeNaM, hatthiM visAseNaM, varAhaM dADhAeNaM, moraM piccheNaM, AsaM khureNaM, vagdhaM naheNaM, camariM bAlaggeNaM, vANaraM laMguleNaM, dupayaM maNussAdi, cauppayaM gavamAdi, bahupayaM gomi Adi, sIhaM kesareNaM, vasahaM kakuheNaM, mahilaM valayabAhAe, gAhA-pariarabaMdheNa bhaDaM jANijjA mahiliyaM nivasaNaNaM, sittheNa doNapAgaM, kaviM ca ekkAe gAhAe, se taM avayaveNaM / -vahI, pRSTha 540 /

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jaina-parampagameM anumAna-vikAsa : 20 (5 ) AzrayI-anumAna-AzrayIse AzrayakA anumAna karanA AzrayIanumAna hai| yathA--dhUmase agnikA, balAkAse jalakA, viziSTa meghoMse vRSTikA aura zIla-samAcArase kulaputrakA anumAna karanA / zeSavatke ina pA~coM bhedoMmeM avinAbhAvI ekase zeSa ( avazeSa ) kA anumAna honese unheM zeSavat kahA hai| ___3. diTThasAhammavaM- isa anumAnake do bheda haiM / yathA (1) sAmannadiTTha ( sAmAnya-dRSTa ) ( 2 ) visesadiTTa ( vizeSadRSTa ) (1) kisI eka vastuko dekhakara tatsajAtIya sabhI vastuokA sAdharmya jJAta karanA yA bahuta vastuoMko eka-sA dekhakara kisI vizeSa ( eka ) meM tatsAdharmyakA jJAna karanA sAmAnyadRSTa hai / yathA-jaisA eka manuSya hai, vaise bahutase manuSya haiN| jaise bahutase manuSya haiM vaisA eka manuSya hai| jaisA eka karizAvaka hai vaise bahutase karizAvaka haiM, jaise bahutase karizAvaka haiM vaisA eka karizAvaka hai| jaisA eka kArSApaNa hai vaise aneka kArSApaNa haiM, jaise aneka kArSApaNa haiM, vaisA eka kArSApaNa hai| isa prakAra sAmAnyadharmadarzanadvArA jJAtase ajJAtakA jJAna karanA sAmAnyadRSTa anumAnakA prayojana hai| ( 2 ) jo aneka vastuoMmeM se kisI ekako pRthak karake usake vaiziSTayakA pratyabhijJAna karAtA hai vaha vizeSadaSTa hai / yathA-koI eka puruSa bahutase puruSoMke bIcameMse pUrvadRSTa puruSakA pratyabhijJAna karatA hai ki yaha vahI purupa hai| yA bahutase kArSApaNoMke madhyameM pUrvadRSTa kArSApaNako dekhakara pratyabhijJA karanA ki yaha vahI kArSApaNa hai / isa prakArakA jJAna vizeSadRSTa dRSTasAdharmyavat anumAna hai| 2. kAlabhedase anumAnakA vaividhya : kAlakI dRSTime bhI anuyoga-dvAra meM anumAnake tIna prakAroMkA pratipAdana upalabdha hai| yathA-1. atItakAlagrahaNa, 2. pratyutpannakAlagrahaNa aura : anAgatakAlagrahaNa / 1. AsapaNaM-aggiM ghumeNaM, salilaM balAgeNaM, buddhi abbhaSikAreNaM, kulaputtaM sIlasamAyA reNaM / se taM AsaeNaM / se taM sesavaM / -anuyoga0 upakramAdhikAra pramANadvAra, pRSTha 540-41 2. se kiM taM diTThasAhammavaM ? diTThasAhammavaM duvihaM paNNattaM / jahA-sAmannadiTuM ca visesadiTTaM ca / -vahI, pRSTha 541-42 3. tassa samAsao tivihaM gahaNaM bhavaI / taM jahA-1. atItakAlagahaNaM, 2. paDuppaNNa kAlagahaNaM, 3. aNAgayakAlagahaNaM / " / -vahI, pRSTha 541-542 / /

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28 : jena tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra 1. atItakAlagrahaNa-uttaNa vana, niSpannazasyA pRthvI, jalapUrNa kuNDa-sara-nadIdodhikA-taDAga Adi dekhakara anumAna karanA ki suvRddhi huI hai, yaha atItakAlagrahaNa hai| 2. pratyutpannakAlagrahaNa-bhikSAcaryA meM pracura bhikSA milatI dekha anumAna karanA ki subhikSa hai, yaha pratyutpannakAlagrahaNa hai / 3. anAgatakAlagrahaNa-bAdalako nirmalatA, kRSNa pahAr3a, savidyat megha, meghagarjana, vAtobhrama, rakta aura prasnigdha sandhyA, vAruNa yA mAhendrasambandhI yA aura koI prazasta utpAta inako dekha kara anumAna karanA ki suvRSTi hogI, yaha anAgatakAlagrahaNa anumAna hai / ukta lakSaNoMkA viparyaya dekhane para tInoM kAloMke grahaNameM viparyaya bhI ho jAtA hai / arthAt sUkhI jamIna, zuSka tAlAba Adi dekhane para vRSTike abhAvakA, bhikSA kama milane para vartamAna durbhikSakA aura prasanna dizAoM Adike hone para anAgata kuvRSTikA anumAna hotA hai, yaha bhI anuyogadvArameM sodAharaNa abhihita hai / ullekhanIya hai ki kAlabhedase tIna prakArake anumAnoMkA nirdeza carakasUtrasthAna ( a0 11 / 21,22 ) meM bhI milatA hai / ___nyAyasUtra', upAyahRdaya aura sAMkhyakArikA meM bhI pUrvavat Adi anumAnake tIna bhedoMkA pratipAdana hai| unameM prathamake do vahI haiM jo Upara anuyogadvArameM nirdiSTa haiM / kintu tIsare bhedakA nAma anuyogakI taraha dvaSTasAdharmyavat na ho kara sAmAnyatodaSTa hai / anuyogadvAragata pUrvavat jaisA udAharaNa upAyahRdaya ( pR0 13) meM bhI AyA hai| ___ ina anumAnabheda-prabhedoM aura unake udAharaNoMke vivecanase yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki gautamake nyAyasUtrama jina tIna anumAnabhedoMkA nirdeza hai ve usa samayako anumAna-carcA meM vartamAna the| anuyogadvArake anumAnoMkI vyAkhyA abhidhAmUlaka hai ! pUrvavatkA zAbdika artha hai pUrva ke samAna kisI vastuko vartamAnameM dekhakara usakA jJAna prApta karanA / smaraNIya hai ki dRSTavya vastu pUrvottarakAlameM mUlataH eka ho hai aura jise dekhA gayA hai usake sAmAnya dharma pUrvakAlameM bhI vidyamAna rahate haiM tathA uttarakAlameM mI ve pAye jAte haiM / ataH pUrvadRSTake AdhArapara uttarakAla meM dekho vastukI jAnakArI prApta karanA pUrvavat anumAna hai| isa prakriyA meM pUrvAMza ajJAta hai aura uttarAMza jJAta / ataH jJAtase ajJAta (atIta) aMzako jAnakArI (pratyabhijJA)kI jAtI hai| jaisA ki anuyoga 1. akSapAda, nyAyasU0 111 / 5 / 2. upAyaha0 pR0 13 / 3. IzvarakRSNa, sAM0 kA0 5, 6 /

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jaina-paramparAmeM anumAna-vikAsa : 29 aura upAyahRdayameM diye gaye udAharaNase prakaTa hai / zezavatmeM kArya-kAraNa, guNa-guNo, avayava-avayavI evaM Azraya-Azrayo meMse avinAbhAvI eka aMzako jJAtakara zeSa (avaziSTa) aMzako jAnA jAtA hai| zeSavat zabdakA abhidheyArtha bhI yahI hai / sAdharmyako dekhakara tattulyakA jJAna prApta karanA dRSTasAdharmyavat anumAna hai / yaha bhI vAcyArthamUlaka hai / yadyapi isake adhikAMza udAharaNa sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnake tulya haiM / para zabdArtha ke anusAra yaha anumAna sAmAnyadarzanapara Azrita hai| dUsare, prAcIna kAlameM pratyabhijJAnako anumAna hI mAnA jAtA thaa| use pRthak mAnanekI paramparA dArzanikoMmeM bahuta pIche AyI hai / ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki anuyogasUtrameM ukta anumAnoMkI vivecanA pAribhASika na hokara abhidhAmalaka hai / para nyAyasUtra ke vyAkhyAkAra vAtsyAyanane ukta tInoM anumAna-bhedoMkI vyAkhyA vAcyArthake AdhArapara nahIM kii| unhoMne unakA svarUpa pAribhASika zabdAvalImeM prathita kiyA hai| isase yadi yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jAya ki pAribhASika zabdoMmeM pratipAdita svarUpako apekSA avayavArtha dvArA vivecita svarUpa adhika maulika evaM prAcIna hotA hai to ayukta na hogA, kyoMki abhidhAke anantara hI lakSaNA yA vyaMjanA yA rUr3ha zabdAvalo dvArA svarUpa-nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / dUsare, vAtsyAyanako trividha anumAna-vyAkhyA anuyogadvArasUtrakI apekSA adhika puSTa evaM vikasita hai| anuyogadvArasUtrameM jisa tathyako aneka udAharaNoM dvArA upasthita kiyA hai use vAtsyAyanane saMkSepameM eka-do paMkyioMmeM hI nibaddha kiyA hai / ataH bhASAvijJAna aura vikAsa-siddhAntako dRSTise anuyogadvArakA anumAna-nirUpaNa vAtsyAyanake anumAna vyAkhyAnase prAcIna pratIta hotA hai| (Ga) avayava-carcA : ___anumAnake avayavoMke viSaya meM AgamoMmeM to koI kathana upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kintu unake AdhArase racita tattvArthasUtra meM tattvArthasUtrakArane' avazya avayavoMkA nAmollekha kiye vinA pakSa (pratijJA ), hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tonake dvArA muktajIvakA Urdhvagamana siddha kiyA hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki ArambhameM jaina paramparAmeM anumAnake ukta tIna avayava mAnya rahe haiM / samantabhadra', pUjyapAda aura siddhasenane bhI inhIM tIna avayavoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai / bhadrabAhune 5 dazavakAlika 1. ta0 sU0 105, 6, 7 / 2. AptamI0 5, 17, 18 tathA yuktyanu0 53 / 3. sa0 si01015, 6, 7 / 4. nyAyAva0 13, 14, 17, 18, 19 / 5. dazavai0 ni0 gA0 49-137 /

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10 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra niyukti meM anumAnavAkyake do, tIna, pA~ca, daza aura daza isa prakAra pAMca tarahase avayavoMkI carcA kI hai| pratIta hotA hai ki avayavoMkI yaha vibhinna saMkhyA vibhinna pratipAdyoMko' apekSA batalAyI hai / dhyAtavya hai ki vAtsyAyana dvArA samAlocita tathA yuktidIpikAkAra dvArA vivecita jijJAsAdi dazAvayatra bhadrabAhuke dazAvayavoMse bhinna haiM / ullekhanIya hai ki bhadrabAhune mAtra udAharaNase bhI sAdhya-siddhi honekI bAta kahI hai jo kisI prAcIna paramparAkA pradarzaka hai / 2 isa prakAra jainAgamoMmeM hameM anumAna-mImAMsAke puSkala bIja upalabdha hote haiM / yaha sahI hai ki unakA pratipAdana kevala niHzreyasAdhigama aura usameM upayogI tattvoMke jJAna evaM vyavasthAke lie hI kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unameM nyAyadarzanako taraha bAda, jalpa aura vitaNDApUrvaka pravRtta kathAoM, jAtiyoM, nigrahasthAnoM, chaloM tathA hetvAbhAsoMkA koI ullekha nahIM hai / ( ca ) anumAnakA mUla-rUpa Agamottara kAlameM jaba jJAnamImAMsA aura pramANamomAMsAkA vikAsa Arambha huA tA unake vikAsa ke sAtha anumAnakA bho vikAsa hotA gayA / Agama-vaNita mati, zruta Adi pA~ca jJAnoMko pramANa kahane aura unheM pratyakSa tathA parokSa do bhedoMmeM vibhaka karane vAle sarvaprathama AcArya gRddhapiccha haiN| unhoMne zAstra aura lokama vyavahRta smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhibhinAdha ina cAra jJAnoMko bhI eka sUtra dvArA parAkSa-pramANake antagata samAviSTa karake pramANazAstrake vikAsakA sUtrapAta kiyA tathA unheM parokSa pramANake Adya prakAra matijJAnakA paryAya pratipAdana kiyaa| ina paryAyoMme abhinibodhakA jisa kramase aura jisa sthAna para nirdeza huA hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki sUtrakArane use anumAnake artha meM prayukta kiyA hai| spaSTa hai ki pUrva-pUrvako pramANa aura uttara-uttarako pramANa-phala 1. prayogaparipATI tu pratipAdyAnurodhataH / -pra0 pararA0 pRSTha 72 meM uddhRta kumAranandikA vAkya / 2. zrIdalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, AgamayugakA jaina darzana, pramANakhaNDa, pR0 157 / 3 matizrutAvadhimanaHpayayakevalAni zAnam ; tatpramANe; Aye parAkSam ; pratyakSamanyat -tattvA0 sU0 119, 10, 11, 12 / 4. matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanAntaram / -vahI, 1 / 13. / 5. gRddhapiccha, ta0 sU0 1613 /

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jaina-paramparAmeM anumAna-vikAsa : 31 batalAnA unheM abhISTa hai| mati ( anubhava-dhAraNA ) pUrvaka smRti, smRtipUrvaka saMjJA, saMjJA-pUrvaka cintA aura cintApUrvaka abhinibodha jJAna hotA hai, aisA sUtrase dhvanita hai| yaha cintApUrvaka honevAlA abhinibodha anumAnake atirikta anya nahIM hai / ataeva jaina paramparAmeM anumAnakA mUlarUpa 'abhinibodha' aura pUrvokta 'hetuvAda' meM usI prakAra samAhita hai jisa prakAra vaha vaidika paramparAmeM 'vAkovAkyam' aura 'AnvIkSikI' meM niviSTa hai / uparyukta mImAMsAse do tathya prakaTa hote haiN| eka to yaha ki jaina paramparAmeM IvI pUrva zatAbdiyoMse ho anumAnake prayoga, svarUpa aura bheda-prabhedoMkI samIkSA kI jAne lagI thI tathA usakA vyavahAra hetujanya jJAnake artha meM hone lagA thaa| dasarA yaha ki anumAnakA kSetra bahuta vistRta aura vyApaka thaa| smRti, saMjJA aura cintA, jinheM paravartI jaina tArkikoMne parokSa pramANake antargata svatantra pramANoMkA rUpa pradAna kiyA hai, anumAna ( abhinibodha ) meM hI sammilita the| vAdirAjane' pramANanirNayameM sambhavataH aisI hI paramparAkA nirdeza kiyA hai jo unheM anumAnake antargata svIkAra karatI thii| arthApatti, sambhava, abhAva jaise parokSa jJAnoMkA bhI isImeM samAveza kiyA gayA hai| ( cha ) anumAnakA tArkika vikAsa __ anumAnakA tArkika vikAsa svAmI samantabhadrase Arambha hotA hai| AptamomAMsA, yuktyanuzAsana aura svayambhUstotrameM unhoMne anumAnake anekoM prayoga prastuta kiye haiM, jinameM usake upAdAnoM-sAdhya, sAdhana, pakSa, udAharaNa, avinAbhAva AdikA nirdeza hai / siddhasenakA nyAyAvatAra nyAya ( anumAna ) kA avatAra hI hai / isameM anumAnakA svarUpa, usake svArtha-parArtha dvividha bheda, unake lakSaNa, pakSakA svarUpa, pakSaprayogapara bala, hetuke tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti dvividha prayogoMkA nirdeza, sAdharmya-vaidharmya dRSTAntadvaya, antarvyAptike dvArA hI sAdhyasiddhi hone para bhAra, hetukA anyathAnupapannatvalakSaNa, hetvAbhAsa aura dRSTAntAbhAsa jaise anumAnopakaraNoMkA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / akalaMkake nyAya-vivecanane to unheM 'akalaMka nyAya' kA saMsthApaka evaM pravartaka hI banA diyA hai| unake vizAla nyAyaprakaraNoMmeM nyAyavinizcaya, pramANasaMgraha, laghIyastraya aura siddhivinizcaya jaina 1. anumAnamapi dvividhaM gauNamukhyavikalpAt / tatra gauNamanumAnaM trividhaM smaraNaM pratyabhizA takazceti / - -vAdirAja, pra. ni0 pRSTha 33; mANikacandra granthamAlA / 2. akalaMkadeva, ta0 vA0 1120, pRSTha 78;bhAratIya jJAnapITha kaashii|

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32 : jaina tarkazAsa meM anumAna-vicAra pramANazAstrake mUrdhanya granthoMmeM parigaNita hai / haribhadra ke zAstravArtAsamuccaya, anekAnta-jayapatAkA Adi granthoMmeM anumAna-carcA nihita hai / vidyAnandane aSTasahasrI, tattvArthazlokavArtika, pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA jaise darzana evaM nyAya-prabandhoMko racakara jaina nyAyavADmayako samRddha kiyA hai| mANikyanandikA parIkSAmukha, prabhAcandrakA prameyakamalamArtaNDa-nyAyakumudacandra-yugala, abhayadevako sanmatitarkaTIkA, devasUrikA pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra, anantavIryakI siddhivinizcayaTIkA, vAdirAjakA gAyavinizcayavivaraNa, laghu anantavIryako prameyaratnamAlA, hemacandrako pramANamImAMsA, dharmabhUSaNako nyAyadIpikA aura yazovijayako jaina tarkabhASA jaina anumAnake vivecaka pramANagrantha haiN|

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tRtIya pariccheda saMkSipta anumAna-vivecana anumAnakA svarUpa vyAkaraNake anusAra 'anumAna' zabdako niSpatti anu + /mA + lyuT se hotI hai / anukA artha hai pazcAt aura mAnakA artha hai jJAna / ataH anumAnakA zAbdika artha hai pazcAdvartI jJAna / arthAt eka jJAnake bAda hone vAlA uttaravartI jJAna anumAna hai / yahA~ 'eka jJAna' se kyA tAtparya hai ? manopiyoMkA abhimata hai ki pratyakSa jJAna hI eka jJAna hai jisake anantara anumAnako utpatti yA pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai| gautamane isI kAraNa anumAnako 'tatpUrvakam'-pratyakSapUrvakam' kahA hai / vAtsyAyanakA bhI abhimata hai ki pratyakSake binA koI anumAna sambhava nhiiN| ataH anumAnake svarUpa-lAbhameM pratyakSakA sahakAra pUrvakAraNake rUpameM apekSita hotA hai| ataeva tarkazAstrI jJAta-pratyakSapratipanna arthase ajJAtaparokSa vastuko jAnakArI anumAna dvArA karate haiN| kabhI-kabhI anumAnakA AdhAra pratyakSa na rahane para Agama bhI hotA hai| udAharaNArtha zAstroM dvArA AtmAkI sattAkA jJAna hone para hama yaha anumAna karate haiM ki 'AtmA zAzvata hai, kyoMki vaha sat hai'| isI kAraNa vAtsyAyanane 'pratyakSAgamAzritamanamAnam' anumAnako pratyakSa yA Agamapara Azrita kahA hai / anumAnakA paryAyazabda anvokSA" bhI hai, jisakA zAbdika artha eka vastujJAnako prAptike pazcAt dUsarI vastukA jJAna prApta karanA hai| yathA-dhUmakA jJAna prApta karaneke bAda agnikA jJAna krnaa| 1. atha tatpUrvakaM trividhamanumAnam / -nyAyasU0 1 / 115 / 2. athavA pUrvavaditi--yatra yathApUrva pratyakSabhUnayoranyataradarzanenAnyatarasyApratyakSasyAnumA nam / yathA ghUmenAgniriti / -nyAyabhA0 11115, pRSTha 22 / 3. yathA ghUmena pratyakSeNApratyakSasya vargrahaNamanumAnam / -vahI, 201147, pRSTha 120 / 4. vahI, 111 / 1 / pRSTha 7 / 5. vahI, 11111, pRSTha 7 /

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34 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra uparyukta udAharaNameM dhUmadvArA vahnikA jJAna isI kAraNa hotA hai ki dhUma vahnikA sAdhana hai / dhUmako agnikA sAdhana yA hetu' mAnanekA bhI kAraNa yaha hai ki dhUmakA agnike sAtha niyata sAhacarya sambandha-avinAbhAva hai| jahAM dhUma rahatA hai vahA~ agni avazya rahatI hai| isakA koI apavAda nahIM pAyA jAtA / tAtparya yaha ki eka avinAbhAvo vastuke jJAna dvArA tatsambaddha itara vastukA nizcaya karanA anumAna hai| anumAnake aMga : __anumAnake uparyukta svarUpakA vizleSaNa karane para jJAta hotA hai ki dhUmase agnikA jJAna karaneke lie do tattva Avazyaka hai-1. parvatameM dhUmakA rahanA aura 2. dhUmakA agnike sAtha niyata sAhacarya sambandha honA / prathamako pakSadharmatA aura dvitIyako vyApti kahA gayA hai| yahI do anumAnake AdhAra athavA aMga hai| jisa vastuse jahA~ siddhi karanA hai usakA vahA~ anivArya rUpase pAyA jAnA pakSadharmatA hai| jaise dhUmase parvatameM agnikI siddhi karanA hai to dhUmakA parvatameM anivArya rUpase pAyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| arthAt vyApyakA pakSa meM rahanA pakSadharmatA hai| tathA sAdhanarUpa vastukA sAdhyarUpa vastuke sAtha hI sarvadA pAyA jAnA vyApti hai| jaise dhUma agnika hone para ho pAyA jAtA hai usake abhAvameM nahIM, ataH dhUmakI vahnike sAtha vyApti hai / pakSadharmatA aura vyApti donoM anumAnake AdhAra haiM / pakSadharmatAkA jJAna hue binA anumAnakA udbhava sambhava nahIM hai / udAharaNArtha ---parvatameM dhUmakI vRttitAkA jJAna na hone para vahA~ usase agnikA anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH pakSadharmatAkA jJAna Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra vyAptikA jJAna bhI anumAnake lie paramAvazyaka hai| yataH parvatameM dhUmadarzanake anantara bhI taba taka anumAnakI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI, jaba taka dhUmakA agnike sAtha anivArya sambandha sthApita na ho jaae| isa anivArya sambandhakA nAma hI 1. sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH / -mANikyanandi, parIkSAmu0 3 / 15 / 2 vyApyasya jJAnena vyApakasya nizcayaH, yathA vahirdU masya vyApaka iti ghUmastasya vyApta ityevaM tayobhUyaH sahacAraM pAkasthAnAdau dRSTvA pazcAtparvatAdau uddhyamAnazikhasya dhUmasya darzane tatra vahnirastIti nishciiyte| -vAcaspatyam, anumAnazabda, prathama jilda pRSTha 181, caukhambA, vArANasI, san 1662 I0 / 3. anumAnasya dve aMge vyAptiH pakSadharmatA ca / -kezavamizra, tarkabhASA, anu0 nirU0 pRSTha 88, 89 / 4. vyApyasya parvatAdivRttivaM pkssdhmNtaa|| -annambhaTTa, tarkasaM0 anu0 vi0, pRSTha 57 /

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saMkSipta anumAna-vivecana : 35 niyata sAhacarya sambandha yA vyApti hai| isake abhAvameM anumAnakI utpattimeM dhUmajJAnakA kucha bhI mahattva nahIM hai / kintu vyAptijJAnake hone para anumAnake lie ukta dhUmajJAna mahattvapUrNa bana jAtA hai aura vaha agnijJAnako utpanna kara detA hai| ataH anumAnake lie pakSadharmatA aura vyApti ina donoMke saMyukta jJAnakI AvazyakatA hai| smaraNa rahe ki jaina tAkikoMne2 vyAptijJAnako hI anumAnake lie Avazyaka mAnA hai, pakSadharmatAke jJAnako nahIM; kyoMki apakSadharma kRttikodaya Adi hetuoMse bhI anumAna hotA hai / ( ka ) pakSadharmatA : ___ jisa pakSadharmatAkA anumAnake Avazyaka aMgake rUpameM Upara nirdeza kiyA gayA hai usakA vyavahAra nyAyazAstrameM kabase Arambha huA, isakA yahA~ aitihAsika vimarza kiyA jAtA hai| kaNAdake vaizeSikasUtra aura akSapAdake nyAyasUtrameM na pakSa zabda milatA hai aura na pakSadharmatA zabda / nyAyasUtrameM sAdhya aura pratijJA zabdoMkA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai, jinakA nyAyabhASyakArane prajJApanIya dharmase viziSTa dharmo artha prastuta kiyA hai aura jise pakSakA pratinidhi kahA jA sakatA hai, para pakSazabda prayukta nahIM hai / prazastapAdabhASyameM" yadyapi nyAyabhASyakArakI taraha dharmI aura nyAyasUtrakI taraha pratijJA donoM zabda ekatra upalabdha haiN| tathA liMgako trirUpa batalAkara una tInoM rUpoMkA pratipAdana kAzyapake nAmase do kArikAe~ uddhRta karake kiyA hai| kintu 1. yatra yatra ghUmastatra tatrAgniriti mAhacaniyamA vyAptiH / -takasaM0, pR 54 / tathA kezamizra, takamA0 pRSTha 72 / 2. pakSadhamatvahIno'pi gamakaH kRttikodayaH / antApterataH saiva gamakatvaprasAdhanI // -vAdIsiha, syA0 si0 4 / 83-84 / 3. sAdhyanirdezaH pratizA / -akSapAda, nyAyasU0 111033 / 4. prazApanIyena dharmeNa dhamiNo viziSTaraya parigrahavacanaM pratizA sAdhyanirdezaH anityaH zabda iti| -vAtsyAyana, nyAyabhA0 1.1 / 33 tathA 1134 / 5. anumeyoddezA'virodhI prtijnyaa| pratipipAdAyaSitadharmaviziSTasya dhamiNo'padeza-viSayamApAdayitumuddezamAtraM pratijJA / / -prazastapAda, vaizi0 bhASya pRSTha 114 / 6. yadanumeyena sambaddhaM prasiddhaM ca tadanvite / tadabhAve ca nAstyeba talliMgamanumApakam / / -vahI, pRSTha 100 /

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36 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra una tIna rUpoMmeM bhI pakSa aura pakSadharmatA zabdoMkA prayoga nahIM hai| hAM, 'anumeya sambaddhaliMga' zabda avazya pakSadharmakA bodhaka hai| para 'pakSadharma' zabda svayaM upalabdha nahIM hai| pakSa aura pakSadharmatA zabdoMkA spaSTa prayoga sarvaprathama sambhavataH bauddha tAkika zaMkarasvAmoke nyAyapravezameM huA hai| isameM pakSa, sapakSa, vipakSa, pakSavacana, pakSadharma, pakSadharmavacana aura pakSadharmatva ye sabhI zabda prayukta hue haiN| sAthamaiM unakA svarUpa-vivecana bhI kiyA hai| jo dharmIke rUpameM prasiddha hai vaha pakSa hai| 'zabda anitya hai' aisA prayoga pakSavacana hai| kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai' aisA vacana pakSadharma (hetu| vacana hai| 'jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai, yathA ghaTAdi' isa prakArakA vacana sapakSAnugama (sapakSasattva) vacana hai| 'jo nitya hotA hai vaha akRtaka dekhA gayA hai, yathA AkAza' yaha vyatireka (vipakSAsattva) vacana hai / isa prakAra hetuko trirUpa pratipAdana karake usake tInoM rUpoMkA bhI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai / ve tIna rUpa haiM -1 pakSadharmatva, 2 sapakSasattva aura 3 vipakSAsattva / dhyAna rahe, yahA~ 'pakSadharmatva' pakSa dharmatAke lie hI AyA hai| prazastapAdane jisa tathyako 'anu meyasambaddhatva' zabdase prakaTa kiyA hai use nyAyapravezakArane 'pakSadharmatva' zabda dvArA batalAyA hai| tAtparya yaha ki prazastapAdake matase hetuke tIna rUpoMmeM parigaNita prathama rUpa 'anameyasambaddhatva' hai aura nyAyapravezake anusAra 'pakSadharmattva' / donoMmeM kevala zabdabheda hai, artha bheda nhiiN| uttarakAlameM to prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya tAkikoMka dvArA tIna rUpoM athavA pA~ca rUpoM ke antargata pakSadharmatvakA bodhaka pakSadharmatva yA pakSadharmatA pada hI abhipreta huA hai| udyotakara, vAcaspati, udayana", gaMgeza, kezava prabhRti vaidika naiyAyikoM tathA dharmakIrti, dharmottara', arcaTa Adi bauddha tAkikoMne apane granthoMmeM usakA pratipAdana kiyA 1. pra0 mA, pRSTha 100 / 2. pakSaH prasiddho dhrmaa...| hetustrirUpaH / kiM punastrarUpyam ? pakSadharmatvaM sapakSe satvaM vipakSe cAsatvamiti |...tdythaa / anityaH zabda iti pakSavacanam / kRtakatvAditi pakSadharmavacanam / yatkRtakaM tadanityaM dRSTaM yathA ghaTAdirirAta sapakSAnugamavacanam / yannityaM tadakRtaka dRSTaM yathA''kAzamiti vyatirekavacanam / --zaMkarasvAmI, nyAyapra0 pRSTha 1-2 / 3. udyAtakara, nyAyabA0 135, pRSTha 126, 131 / 4. vAcaspati, nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 1015, pRSTha 171 / 5. udayana, kiraNA0 pRSTha 260, 264 / 6. ta. ci0 jAgadI To0 pR0 13, 71 / 7. kezava mizra. tarkabhA0 anu0 nirU0 pRSTha 88, 86 / 8-6. dharmakoti, nyAyabi0, dvi0 pari0 pRSTha 22 / 10. arcaTa, hetuvi0 To0 pRSTha 24 /

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saMkSipta anumAna - vivecana : 37 hai / para jaina naiyAyikoMne' pakSadharmatApara utanA bala nahIM diyA, jitanA vyAptipara diyA hai / siddhasena 2, akalaMka 3, vidyAnanda 4, vAdIbhasiMha" Adine to use anAvazyaka evaM vyartha bhI batalAyA hai / unakA mantavya hai ki 'kala sUryakA udaya hogA, kyoMki vaha Aja udaya ho rahA hai, 'kala zanivAra hogA, kyoMki Aja zukravAra hai', 'Upara dezameM vRSTi huI hai, kyoMki adhodezameM pravAha dRSTigocara ho rahA hai', 'advaitavAdIko bhI pramANa iSTa haiM, kyoMki iSTakA sAdhana aura aniSTakA dRSaNa anyathA nahIM ho sakatA' jaise pracura hetu pakSadharmatA ke abhAva meM bhI mAtra antarvyAptike balapara sAdhya ke anumApaka haiM / ( kha ) vyApti : anumAnakA sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa aura anivArya aMga vyApti hai / isake honepara hI sAdhana sAdhyakA gamaka hotA hai, usake abhAva meM nahIM / ataeva isakA dUsarA nAma 'avinAbhAva' bhI hai| dekhanA hai ki ina donoM zabdoM kA prayoga kabase Arambha huA hai / akSapAda' ke nyAyamUtra aura vAtsyAyana ke nyAyabhASya meM na vyApti zabda upalabdha hotA hai aura na avinAbhAva / nyAyabhASya meM mAtra itanA milatA hai ki liMga aura liMgI sambandha hotA hai athavA ve sambaddha hote haiM / para vaha sambandha vyApti athavA avinAbhAva hai, isa vahA~ koI nirdeza nahIM hai / gautamake hetulakSaNapradarzaka sUtroM se bho kevala yahI jJAta hotA hai ki hetu vaha hai jo udAharaNa ke sAdharmya athavA vaidharmyame sAdhyakA sAdhana kare / tAtparya yaha ki hetuko pakSameM rahane ke atirikta sapakSa meM vidyamAna aura vipakSame vyAvRtta honA cAhie, itanA hI artha hetulakSaNasUtroMse dhvanita hotA hai, hetuko vyApta ( vyAptiviziSTa yA avinA 1. nyAyavi0 22176 / 2. siddhasena, nyAyAtra0 kA 0 20 / 3. nyAyavi0 22221 | 4. pramANaparI0 pRSTha 72 / 5. vADIbhasiMha, syA0 si0 4 / 7 / 6. akalaMka, laghIya0 1 3 | 14 | 7. nyAyasU0 111 / 5, 34, 35 / 8. nyAyamA0 111 / 5, 34, 35 / 9. liMgaliMginoH sambandhadarzanaM liMgadarzanaM cAbhisambadhyate / liMgaliMginoH sambaddha yordarzanena liMgasmRtirabhisambadhyate / -nyAyabhA0 1 / 1 / 5 / 10. udAharaNasAdharmyAt sAdhyasAdhanaM hetuH / tathA vaidharmyAt / - nyAyasa0 1 / 1 / 34, 35 /

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28 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra bhAvI ) bhI honA cAhie, isakA unase koI saMketa nahIM miltaa| udyotakara' ke nyAyavAtikameM avinAbhAva aura vyApti donoM zabda prApta haiN| para udyotakarane unheM paramatake rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai tathA unakI AlocanA bhI kI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki nyAyavAtikakArako bhI nyAyasUtrakAra aura nyAyabhASyakArako taraha avinAbhAva aura vyApti donoM amAnya hai| ullekhya hai ki udyotakara avinAbhAva aura vyApti kI AlocanA ( nyAyavA0 1 / 115, pRSTa 54, 55 ) kara to gye| para svakIya siddhAntako vyavasthAmeM unakA upayoga unhoMne asandigdha rUpameM kiyA hai| unake paravartI vAcaspati mizrane avinAbhAvako hetuke pAMca rUpoMmeM samApta kahakara usake dvArA hI samasta heturUpoMkA saMgraha kiyA hai| kintu unhoMne bhI apane kathanako paramparA-virodhI samajhakara avinAbhAvakA parityAga kara diyA hai aura udyotakarake abhiprAyAnusAra pakSadharmatvAdi pA~ca heturUpoMko hI mahattva diyA hai, avinAbhAvako nhiiN| jayanta bhaTTane avinAbhAvako svIkAra karate hue bhI use pakSadharmatvAdi pA~ca rUpoMmeM samApta batalAyA hai| __ isa prakAra vAcaspati aura jayanta bhaTTake dvArA jaba spaSTatayA avinAbhAva aura vyAptikA praveza nyAyaparamparAmeM ho gayA to uttaravartI nyAyagranthakAroMne unheM apanA liyA aura unakI vyAkhyAeM Arambha kara diiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha 1. (ka) avinAbhAvena pratipAdayatIti cet / athApIdaM syAt avinAbhAvA'gnidhUmayorato dhUmadanAdagniM pratipadyata iti / tanna / vikalpAnupapatteH / AMgnadhUmayoravinAbhAva iti ko'rthaH ? kiM kAryakAraNabhAvaH utaikArthasamavAyaH tatsambandhamAtraM vA / ... -udyotakara, nyAyapA. 16115, pRSTha 50, caukhambhA, kAzI, 1916 I0 / (kha) athottaramavadhAraNamavagamyate tasya cyAptirarthaH tathApyanameyamavadhAritaM vyAptyA na dhamoM, yata eva karaNaM tato'nyatrAvadhAraNamiti / sambhavavyAptyA cAnameyaM niytN...| -vahI, 1615, pRSTha 55,56 / 2. (ka) sAmAnyatodRSTaM nAma akAryAkAraNIbhUtena yatrAvinAbhAvinA vizeSaNena vizeSyamANo dharmI gamyate tat sAmAnyatodRSTaM yathA balAkayA salilAnumAnam / -nyAyavA0 1.1 / 5, pRSTha 47 / (kha)prasiddhamiti pakSe vyApakaM, saditi sajAtIye'sti, asandigyAMmati sajAtIyA vinaabhaavi|-vhii, 111155, pRSTha 49 / 3. yadyapyavinAbhAva: paMcasu caturyu vA rUpeSu liMgasya samApyate itya vinAbhAvenaiva sarvANi _ liMgarUpANi saMgRhyante, tathApIha prasiddhasacchabdAbhyAM dvayoH saMgRhe govalAbardanyAyena tatparityajya vipakSAtarekAsatpratipakSatvAbAdhita viSayatvAni saMgRhNAti / -nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 111 / 5, pRSTha 178, caukhambhA, 1925 I0 / vinAbhAvaH smaapyte| -nyAyakalikA pRSTha 2 /

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saMkSipta anumAna vivecana : 35 tArkikoM dvArA mukhyatayA prayukta anantarIyaka ( yA nAntarIyaka) tathA pratibandha aura jaina tarkagranthakAroM dvArA pradhAnatayA prayoga meM Ane vAle avinAbhAva evaM vyApti jaise zabda udyotakarake vAda nyAyadarzanameM samAviSTa ho gaye evaM unheM ekadUsarekA paryAya mAnA jAne lagA / jayanta bhaTTane' avinAbhAvakA spaSTIkaraNa karane ke lie vyApti, niyama, pratibandha aura sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvako usIkA paryAya batalAyA hai / vAcaspati mizra kahate haiM ki hetukA koI bhI sambandha ho use svAbhAvika evaM niyata honA cAhiye aura svAbhAvikakA artha ve upAdhirahita batalAte haiM / isa prakArakA hetu hI gamaka hotA hai aura dUsarA sambandhI ( sAdhya ) gamya | tAtparya yaha ki unakA avinAbhAva yA vyAptizabdoMpara jo nahIM hai / para udayana hai, kezava mizra, annambhaTTa", vizvanAtha paMcAnana prabhRti naiyAyikoMne vyApti zabdako apanAkara usIkA vizeSa vyAkhyAna kiyA hai tathA pakSadharmAtA ke sAtha use anumAnakA pramukha aMga batalAyA hai| gaMgeza aura unake anuvartI varddhamAna upAdhyAya, pakSadhara mizra, vAsudeva mizra, raghunAtha ziromaNi, mathurAnAtha tarkavagIza, jagadIza takalikAra, gadAdhara bhaTTAcArya Adi navya naiyAyikoMne' vyAptipara sarvAdhika cintana aura nibandhana kiyA hai / gaGgezane tattvacintAmaNi meM anumAnalakSaNa' prastuta karake usake vyApti aura pakSadharmatA" donoM aMgoM kA navyapaddhati se vivecana kiyA hai / prazastapAda-bhASya meM bhI avinAbhAvakA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai / unhoMne avinAbhUta liMgako liMgIkA gamaka vatalAyA hai / para vaha unheM trilakSaNarUpa hI abhipreta hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki TippaNakArane avinAbhAvakA artha 'vyApti' evaM 6 19 2 3 1. avinAbhAvI vyAptiniyamaH pratibandhaH sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvAmatyarthaH / nyAyakali0 pRSTha 2 / 2. tasmAdyo vA sa vA'stu sambandhaH, kevalaM yasyAsI svAmAtriko niyataH sa eva gamako gamyazcetaraH sambandhAti yujyate / tathA hi dhUmAdInAM vayAdisambandhaH svAbhAvikaH, na tu vahnyAdInAM dhuumaadibhiH| tasmAdupAdhiM prayatnenAnviSyanto'nupalabhamAnA nAstItyavagamya svAbhAvikatvaM sambandhasya nizcinumaH / -nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 1/1/5, pRSTha 165 / 3. kiraNA0 pRSTha 290, 294, 295-302 / 4. tarkamA pRSTha 72, 78, 82, 83, 88 / 5. takasaM0 pRSTha 52-57 / 6. si0 mu0 kA0 68, pRSTha 51-55 / 7. inake gramthoddharaNa vistArabhayase yahA~ aprastuta haiM / 8. ta0 ci0 anu0 khaNDa, pR0 13 / 9. vahI, pR0 77-82, 86-89, 171-208, 201-432 / 10. vahI, ana0 kha0 pRSTha 623-631 / 11-12. pra0 bhA0 pR0 103 tathA 100 / 13. vahI, duNDirAja zAstrI, Tippa0 pR0 103 /

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40 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra 'avyabhicarita sambandha' de karake bhI zaMkara mizra dvArA kiye gaye avinAbhAva ke khaNDanase sahamati prakaTa kI hai aura 'vastutastvanaupAdhikasambandha eva vyAptiH " isa udayanokta vyAptilakSaNako hI mAnya kiyA hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki avinAbhAvako mAnyatA vaizeSikadarzanako bhI svopajJa evaM maulika nahIM hai / kumArilake mImAMsAzlokavArtikameM 3 vyApti aura avinAbhAva donoM zabda milate haiM / para unake pUrva na jaiminisUtrameM ve haiM aura na zAvara bhASya meM / bauddha tArkika zaMkarasvAmI ke nyAyapraveza meM bhI avinAbhAva aura vyApti zabda nahIM haiM / para unake arthakA bodhaka nAntarIyaka ( anantarIyaka ) zabda pAyA jAtA hai / dharma korti, dharmottara, arcaTa Adi bauddha naiyAyikoMne avazya pratibandha aura nAntarIyaka zabdoMke sAtha ina donoMkA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / inake pazcAt to ukta zabda bauddha tarkagranthoMmeM bahulatayA upalabdha haiM / taba prazna hai ki avinAbhAva aura vyAptikA mUla sthAna kyA hai ? anusandhAna karane para jJAta hotA hai ki prazastapAda aura kumArilase pUrva jaina tArkika samantabhadrane, jinakA samaya vikramakI 2rI, 3rI zatI mAnA jAtA hai, astitvako nAstitvakA aura nAstitvako astitvakA avinAbhAvI batalAte hue avinAbhAvakA vyavahAra kiyA hai| eka dUsare sthala para " bhI unhoMne use spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hai / aura isa prakAra avinAbhAvakA nirdeza mAnyatAke rUpameM sarvaprathama samantabhadrane kiyA jAnA par3atA hai / prazastapAdakI taraha unhoMne use trilakSaNarUpa svIkAra nahIM kiyA / unake pazcAt to vaha jaina paramparAmeM hetulakSaNarUpa meM hI pratiSThita ho gayA / pUjyapAdane ", jinakA astitva - samaya IsAkI pA~cavIM zatAbdI hai, avi 1. pra0 bhA0 Tippa0 pRSTha 103 / 2. kiraNA0 pR0 267 / 3. mI0 zloka ana0 khaM0 zlo04, 12, 43 tathA 161 / 4. nyA0 pra0 pRSTha 4, 5 / 5. pramANatrA0 1 3, 1 32 tathA nyAyabi0 pR0 30, 93 / hetubi0 pR0 54 / 6. nyAyabi0 TI0 pRSTha 30 / 7. hetu bi0 TI0 pRSTha 7,8,10,11 Adi / 8. zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra, svAmI samantabhadra pRSTha 196 / 6. astitvaM pratiSedhyenAvinAbhAvyekadhamiNi / nAstitvaM pratiSedhyenAvinAbhAvyekadharmiNi / - AptamI0 kA 17,18 / 10. dharmaghamyavinAbhAvaH siddhayatyanyonyavIkSayA / - vahI, kA0 75 / 11. sa0 si0 518, 10/4 /

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saMkSipta anumAna-vivecana : 4 // nAbhAva aura byApti donoM zabdoMkA prayoga kiyA hai| siddhasena', pAtrasvAmI, kumAranandi akalaMka' mANikyanandi' Adi jaina tarkagranthakAroMne avinAbhAva, vyApti aura anyathAnupapatti yA anyathAnupapannatva tInoMkA vyavahAra paryAyazabdoMke rUpameM kiyA hai| jo ( sAdhana ) jisa ( sAdhya )ke binA upapanna na ho use anyathAnupapanna kahA gayA hai| asambhava nahIM ki zAbarabhASyagata' arthApattyusthApaka anyathAnupapadyamAna aura prabhAkarako bRhatImeM usake lie prayukta anyathAnupapatti zabda arthApatti aura anumAnako abhinna mAnane vAle jaina tAkikoMse apanAye gaye hoM, kyoMki ye zabda jaina nyAyagranthoMmeM adhika pracalita evaM prayukta milate haiM aura zAntarakSita Adi prAcIna tArkikoMne unheM pAtrasvAmIkA mata kaha kara uddhRta tathA samAlocita kiyA hai / ataH unakA udgama jaina tarka granthoMse bahuta kucha sambhava hai| prastuta anuzIlanase hama isa niSkarSapara pahu~cate haiM ki nyAya vaizeSika aura bauddha darzanoMmeM ArambhameM pakSadharmatA ( sapakSasattva aura vipakSavyAvRtti sahita ) ko tathA madhyakAla aura navyayugameM pakSadharmatA aura vyApti donoMko anumAnakA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| para jaina tAkikoMne Arambhase anta taka pakSadhamaMtA { anya donoM rUpoM sahita ) ko anAvazyaka tathA ekamAtra vyApti ( avinAbhAva, anyathAnupapannattva ) ko anumAnakA aparihArya aMga batalAyA hai| anumAna-bheda : prazna hai ki yaha anumAna kitane prakArakA mAnA gayA hai ? adhyayana karanepara pratIta hotA hai ki sarvaprathama kaNAdane anumAnake prakAroMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| unhoMne usako kaNThataH saMkhyAkA to ullekha nahIM kiyA, kintu usake prakAroMko 1. nyAyAva0 13, 18, 20, 22 / 2. tattvasaM0 pR0 406 para uddhRta 'anyathAnupapannatvaM' Adi kA0 / 3. pra0 pa0 pR. 72 meM uddhRta 'anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM' Adi kAri0 / 4. nyA0 vi0 21187, 323, 327, 326 / / 5. paro0 mu0 3 / 11, 15, 16, 94, 95, 66 / 6. sAdhanaM prakRtAbhAve'nupapannaM-1-nyAyavi0 2 / 66, tathA pramANasaM0 21 / 7. arthApattirapi dRSTaH zruto vArtho'nyathA nopapadyate ityarthakalpanA / -zAbarabhA0 11115, bRhatI, pRSTha 110 / 8. keyamanyathAnupapattirnAma ? .."na hi anyathAnupapattiH pratyakSasamadhigamyA / -bRhatI pR0 110, 111 / 6. tattvasaM0 pR0 405-408 / 10. vaize sU0 6 / 2 / 1 /

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42 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra ginAyA hai / unake parigaNita prakAra nimna haiM- ( 1 ) kArya, (2) kAraNa, ( 3 ) saMyogo, ( 4 ) virodhi aura ( 5 ) samavAyi / yataH hetuke pA~ca bheda haiM, ataH unase utpanna anumAna bhI pAMca haiM / nyAyasUtra', upAyahRdaya e, caraka 3' sAMkhyakArikA aura anuyogadvArasUtrameM " anumAna ke pUrvollikhita pUrvavat Adi tIna bheda batAye haiM / vizeSa yaha ki carakameM tritvasaMkhyAkA ullekha hai, unake nAma nahIM diye / sAMkhyakArikA meM bhI trividhatvakA nirdeza hai aura kevala tIsare sAmAnyatodRSTakA nAma hai / kintu mAThara" tathA yuktidIpikAkAra" ne tInoMke nAma diye haiM aura ve uparyukta hI haiM / anuyogadvArameM prathama do bheda to vahI haiM, para tIsarekA nAma sAmAnyatodRSTa na hokara dRSTasAdharmyavat nAma haiM / isa vivecanase jJAta hotA hai ki tArkikoMne usa prAcIna kAlameM kaNAdakI paMcavidha anumAna -paramparAko nahIM apanAyA, kintu pUrvavadAdi trividha anumAna kI paramparAko svIkAra kiyA hai| isa paramparAkA mUla kyA hai ? nyAyasUtra hai yA anuyogasUtra Adi se koI eka ? isa sambandha meM nirNayapUrvaka kahanA kaThina hai / para itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya pUrvAgata trividha anumAnakI koI sAmAnya paramparA rahI hai jo anumAna carcA meM vartamAna thI aura jisake svIkAra meM kisIko sambhavataH vivAda nahIM thA / para uttarakAlameM yaha trividha anumAna paramparA bhI sarvamAnya nahIM raha sakI / prazastapAdane do tarahase anumAna-bheda batalAye haiM - 1 dRSTa aura 2 sAmAnyatodRSTa | athavA 1. svanizcitArthAnumAna aura 2 parArthAnumAna / mImAMsAdarzana meM zabarane " prazastapAdake prathamokta anumAna dvaividhyako hI kucha parivartanake sAtha svIkAra kiyA hai - 1 pratyakSa todRSTasambandha aura 2 sAmAnyatodRSTasambandha | 1. nyayAyasU0 1 / 1 / 5 / 2. upAyahR0 pR0 13 / 3. carakasUtrasthAna 11 / 21, 22 / 4. sAM0 kA0 kA0 5 / 5. muni kanhaiyAlAla, anuyo0 sU0 pR0 536 6. sAM0 kA0 kA0 6 / 7. mATharavR0 kA0 5 / 8. yuktidI0 kA0 5, pRSTha 43, 44 / 9. praza0 bhA0 pR0 104, 106, 113 / 10. zAbarabhA0 1 / 1/5, pRSTha 36 //

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saMkSipta anumAna-vivecana : 43 sAMkhyadarzanameM vAcaspatike' anasAra vIta aura avIta ye do bheda bhI mAna liye haiM / vItAnumAnako unhoMne pUrvavat aura sAmAnyatodRSTa dvividharUpa aura avItAnumAnako zeSavatrUpa mAnakara ukta anumAna travighyake sAtha samanvaya bhI kiyA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki sAMkhyoMkI saptavidha anumAna-mAnyatAkA bhI ullekha udyotakara', vAcaspati aura prabhAcandrane kiyA hai| para vaha hameM sAMkhyadarzanake upalabdha granthoM meM prApta nahIM ho skii| prabhAcandrane to pratyekakA svarUpa aura udAharaNa dekara unheM spaSTa bhI kiyA hai| __ Age calakara jo sarvAdhika anumAnabheda-paramparA pratiSThita huI vaha hai prazastapAdakI ukta----1 svArtha aura 2 parArthabhedavAlI paramparA / udyotakarane" pUrvavadAdi anumAnatraividhyako taraha kevalAnvayI, kevalavyatirekI aura anvayavyatirekI ina tIna naye anumAna-bhedoMkA bhI pradarzana kiyA hai| kintu unhoMne aura unake uttaravartI vAcaspati takake naiyAyikoMne prazastapAdanirdiSTa ukta svArtha-parArtha ke anumAnadvaividhyako aMgIkAra nahIM kiyaa| para jayantabhaTTa aura unake pAzcAtvartI kezava mizra' Adine ukta anumAnaDhaviSyakA mAna liyA hai| bauddha darzanameM dir3anAgase pUrva ukta vidhyakI paramparA nahIM dekhI jaatii| parantu diDnAgane usakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| unake pazcAt to dharmakiti Adine isIkA nirUpaNa evaM vizeSa vyAkhyAna kiyA hai / jaina tArkikoMnedeg isI svArtha-parArtha anumAnadvaividhyako aMgIkAra kiyA hai aura anuyogadvArAdipatipAdita anumAnatraividhyako sthAna nahIM diyA, pratyuta usakI samIkSA kI hai| 1. sAM0 ta0 kau0 kA0 5, pR0 30-32 / 2. nyAyavA0 1115, pRSTha 57 / 3. nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 11115, pRSTha 165 / 4. nyAyaku0 ca0 3314, pRSTha 462 / 5. nyAyavA0 1115, pRSTha 46 / 6. nyAyamaM0 pRSTha 130, 131 / 7. takabhA0 pR0 79 / 8. pramANasamu0 2 / 1 / 6. nyAbi0 pR0 21, dvi0 pari0 / 10. siddhasena, nyAyAva0 kA010 / akalaMka, si0 vi0 6 / 2, pRSTha 373, / vidyAnanda, pra0pa0 pR0 76 / mApiAkyanandi, parI0 mu0 3152, 53 / devasUri, pra0 na0 ta0 3 // 6,10, / hemacandra, pramANamI0 1 / 2 / 8, pRSTha 39 aadi| 11. akalaMka, nyAyavini0 341,342, / syAdvAdara0 pRSTha 527 / Adi /

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44 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra isa prakAra anumAna-bhedoMke viSayameM bhAratIya tAkikoMkI vibhinna mAnyatAeM tarkagranthoMmeM upalabdha hotI hai| tathya yaha ki kaNAda jahAM sAdhanabhedase anumAnabhedakA nirUpaNa karate haiM vahA~ nyAyasUtra AdimeM viSayabheda tathA prazastapAdabhASya AdimeM pratipattAbhedase anumAna-bhedakA pratipAdana jJAta hotA hai / sAdhana aneka ho sakate haiM, jaisA ki prazastapAdane' kahA hai, ataH anumAnake bhedoMkI saMkhyA pA~case adhika bhI ho sakatI hai| nyAyasUtrakAra AdikI dRSTi meM cUMki anumeya yA to kArya hogA, yA kAraNa yA akAryakAraNa / ataH anumeyake vaividhyase anumAna trividha hai| prazastapAda dvividha pratipattAoMkI dvividha pratipattiyoMkI dRSTise anumAnake svArtha aura parArtha do hI bheda mAnate haiM, jo buddhiko lagatA hai, kyoMki anumAna eka prakArako pratipatti hai aura vaha sva tathA para doke dvArA kI jAtI hai| sambhavataH isIse uttarakAlameM anumAnakA svArtha-parArthadvaividhya sarvAdhika pratiSThita aura lokapriya huaa| anumAnAvayava : anumAnake tIna upAdAna hai,2 jinase vaha niSpanna hotA hai-1. sAdhana, 2. sAdhya aura 3. dharmI / athavA 1. pakSa aura 2. hetu ye do usake aMga hai, kyoMki sAdhyadharma viziSTa dharmIko pakSa kahA gayA hai; ataH pakSako kahanese dharma aura dharmI donoMkA grahaNa ho jAtA hai / sAdhana gamakarUpase upAdAna hai, sAdhya gamyarUpase aura dhI sAdhyadharmake AdhArarUpase, kyoMki kisI AdhAra-vizeSameM sAdhyakI siddhi karanA anumAnakA prayojana hai| saca yaha hai ki kevala dharma kI siddhi karanA anumAnakA dhyeya nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha vyApti-nizcayakAlameM hI avagata ho jAtA aura na kevala dharmokI siddhi anumAnake lie apekSita hai, kyoMki vaha siddha rahatA hai| kintu 'parvata agnivAlA hai' isa prakAra parvatameM rahane vAlI agnikA jJAna karanA anumAnakA lakSya hai / ataH dharmI bhI sAdhyadharma ke AdhAra rUpase anumAnakA aMga hai / isa taraha sAdhana, sAdhya aura dharmI ye tIna athavA pakSa aura hetu ye do svAnumAna tathA parArthAnumAna donoMke aMga haiN| kucha anumAna aise bhI hote haiM jahA~ dharmI nahIM hotaa| jaise-somavArase maMgalakA anumAna Adi / aise anumAnoMmeM sAdhana aura sAdhya do ho aMga haiM / uparyukta aMga svArthAnumAna aura jJAnAtmaka parArthAnumAnake kahe gaye haiN| kintu vacanaprayoga dvArA prativAdiyoM yA pratipAdyoMko abhidheya-pratipatti karAnA jaba abhipreta hotA hai taba vaha vacanaprayoga parArthAnumAna-vAkyake nAmase abhihita 1. praza0 bhA0 pR0 104 / 2. dharmabhUSaNa, nyAyadI0 tu. prakAza pR0 72 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 72-73 /

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saMkSipta anumAna-vivecana : 45 hotA hai aura usake niSpAdaka aMgoMko avayava kahA gayA hai / parArthAnumAnavAkyake kitane avayava hone cAhie, isa sambandhameM tAkikoMke vibhinna mata haiN| nyAyasUtrakArakA mata hai ki parArthAnumAna vAkyake pAMca avayava haiM--1. pratijJA, 2. hetu, 3. udAharaNa, 4. upanaya aura 5. nigamana / bhASyakArane sUtrakArake isa matakA na kevala samarthana hI kiyA hai, apitu apane kAlameM pracalita dazAvayavamAnyatAkA nirAsa bhI kiyA hai| ve dazAvayava hai-ukta 5 tathA 6. jijJAsA, 7. saMzaya, 8. zakyaprApti, 9. prayojana aura 10. saMzayavyudAsa / yahAM prazna hai ki ye daza avayava kinake dvArA mAne gaye haiM ? bhASyakArane unheM 'dazAvayavAneke naiyAyikA vAkye saMcakSate' zabdoM dvArA 'kinhIM naiyAyikoM kI mAnyatA batalAI hai / para mUla prazna asamAdheya hI rahatA hai| hamArA anumAna hai ki bhASyakArako 'eke naiyAyikA:' padase prAcIna sAMkhyavidvAn yuktidIpikAkAra abhipreta haiM, kyoMki yuktidIpikAmeM ukta dazAvayavoMkA na kevala nirdeza hai kintu svamatarUpameM unakA vizada evaM vistRta vyAkhyAna bhI hai| yuktidIpikAkAra una avayavoMko batalAte hue patipAdana karate haiM ki 'jijJAsA, saMzaya, prayojana, zakyaprApti aura saMzayavyudAsa ye pA~ca avayava vyAkhyAMga haiM tathA pratijJA, hetu, dRSTAnta, upasaMhAra aura nigamana ye pA~ca parapratipAdanAMga / tAtparya yaha ki abhidheyakA pratipAdana dUsaroMke lie pratijJAdi dvArA hotA hai aura vyAkhyA jijJAsAdi dvArA / punarukti, vaiyarthya Adi doSoMkA nirAsa karate hae yuktidIpikAmeM kahA gayA hai ki vidvAn sabake anugrahake lie jijJAsAdikA abhidhAna karate haiM / yataH vyutpAdya aneka tarahake hote haiM-sandigdha, viparyasta aura avyutpanna / ataH ina sabhIke lie sntokaa prayAsa hotA hai / dUsare, yadi prativAdI prazna kare ki kyA jAnanA cAhate ho? to usake lie jijJAsAdi avayavoMkA vacana Avazyaka hai kintu prazna na kare to usake lie ve nahIM bhI kahe jaaeN| 1. nyAyasU 111.32 / / 2-3. nyAyabhA0 121632, pRSTha 47 / 4-5. tasya punara vayavA:-jijJAsA-saM0 ya-prayAjana-zakyaprApti-saMzayavyudAsalakSaNAzca vyAkhyAMgam, pratijJA-hetu-dRSTAmtopasaMhAra-nigamanAni parapratipAdanAMgAti / -yuktido0 kA0 6, pRSTha 47 / 6. atra brUmaH-na, uktatvAt / uktametat purastAt vyAkhyAMgaM jizAsAdayaH / sarvasya cAnu grahaH karttavya ityevamartha ca zAstravyAkhyAnaM vipazcibhiH pratyAyyate, na svArtha sasvadazabuddhayartha vaa| -vahI0 kA0 6, pRSTha 49 /

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46 : jaina tarkazAstra meM bhanumAna-vicAra antameM niSkarSa nikAlate hue yuktidIpikAkAra' kahate haiM ki isIse hamane jo votAnumAnake dazAvayava kahe ve sarvathA ucita haiN| AcArya (IzvarakRSNa) unake prayogako nyAya-saMgata mAnate haiN|' isase avagata hotA hai ki dazAvayavakI mAnyatA yuktidIpikAkArakI rahI hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki IzvarakRSNa yA unase pUrva kisI sAMkhya vidvAnne dazAvayavoMko mAnA ho aura yuktidIpikAkArane unakA samarthana kiyA ho| jaina vidvAn bhadrabAhune bhI dazAvayavoMkA ullekha kiyA hai / jaisA ki pUrva meM likhA gayA hai / kintu unake ve dazAvayava uparyukta dazAvayavoMse kucha bhinna haiM / prazastapAdane" pA~ca avayava mAne haiN| para unake avayavanAmoM aura nyAyasUtrakArake avayavanAmoMmeM kucha antara hai| pratijJAke sthAnameM to pratijJA nAma hI hai| kintu hetuke lie apadeza, dRSTAntake lie nidarzana, upanayake sthAnameM anusandhAna aura nigamanakI jagaha pratyAmnAya nAma diye haiM / yahA~ prazastapAdakI" eka vizeSatA ullekhanIya hai| nyAyasUtrakArane jahA~ pratijJAkA lakSaNa 'sAdhyanirdezaH pratijJA' yaha kiyA hai vahA~ prazastapAdane 'anumayoddezo'virodhI pratijJA' yaha kahakara usameM 'avirodhI' padake dvArA pratyakSa-dhiruddha Adi pA~ca viruddhasAdhyoM ( sAdhyAmAsoM )kA bhI nirAsa kiyA hai| nyAyapravezakArane bhI prazastapAdakA anusaraNa karate hue svakIya pakSalakSaNameM 'avirodhi' jaisA ho 'pratyakSAdyaviruddha' vizeSaNa diyA hai aura usake dvArA pratyakSaviruddhAdi sAdhyAbhAsoMkA parihAra kiyA hai| nyAyapraveza aura mATharavRttimeM pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ye tIna avayava svIkAra 1. 'tasmAt sUktaM dazAvayavo viitH| tasya purastAt prayogaM nyAyyamAcAyAM mnynte|' -yu0 dI0 kA0 6, pRSTha 51 / 'avayavAH punarjizAptAdayaH prtishaadyshc| tatra jijJAsAdayo vyAkhyAMgam , pratijJAdayaH parapratyAyanAMgam / tAnuttaratra vakSyAmaH / ' - vahI0 kA0 1 kI bhUmikA pRSTha 3 / 2. yuktidIpikAkArane isI bAtako AcArya ( IzvarakRSNa ) ko kArikAoM-1, 15, 16, 35 aura 57 ke pratIkoM dvArA samarthita kiyA hai| -yu. dA. kA0 1 ko bhUmikA pRSTha 3 / 3. dazavai0 ni0 gA0 49-137 / / 4. avayavAH punaH pratizApadezanidarzanAnusandhAnapratyAmnAyA: / -praza0 bhA0 pR0 114 / 5. vahI, pRSTha 114, 115 / 6. zayapra0 pR0 1 / 7. vahI, pR0 1,2 / 8. mATharavR0 kA0 5 /

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saMkSipta anumAna - vivecana : 47 kiye haiM / dharmakIrtine' ukta tIna avayavoMmeMse pakSako nikAla diyA hai aura hetu tathA dRSTAnta ye do avayava mAne haiM / nyAyabindu aura pramANavArtika meM unhoMne kevala hetuko hI anumAnAvayava mAnA hai / 2 mImAMsaka vidvAn zAlikAnAthane prakaraNapaMcikAmeM, nArAyaNa bhaTTane mAnameyodaya meM aura pArthasArathine nyAyaratnAkara meM pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tIna avayavoMke prayogako pratipAdita kiyA hai / jaina tArkika samantabhadrakA saMketa tattvArtha sUtrakAra ke abhiprAyAnusAra pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tIna avayavoMko mAnanekI ora pratIta hotA hai / unhoMne AptamImAMsA (kA0 6, 17, 18, 27 Adi ) meM ukta tIna avayavoMse sAdhya-siddhi prastuta kI hai / siddhasenane bhI ukta tIna avayavoMkA pratipAdana kiyA hai / para akalaMka aura unake anuvartI vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi, devasUri, hemacandra ", dharma bhUSaNa, yazovijaya 13 Adine pakSa aura hetu ye do ho avayava svIkAra kiye haiM aura dRSTAntAdi anya avayavoMkA nirAsa kiyA hai / devasUrine " atyanta vyutpannakI apekSA mAtra hetu ke prayogako bhI mAnya kiyA hai / para sAtha hI ve yaha bhI batalAte haiM ki bahulatAse ekamAtra hetukA prayoga na honese use sUtra meM grathita nahIM kiyA / smaraNa rahe ki jaina nyAyameM ukta do avayavoMkA prayoga vyutpanna pratipAdya kI dRSTise abhihita hai / kintu avyutpanna pratipAdyoMkI apekSAse to dRSTAntAdi anya avayavoM kA bhI prayoga svIkRta hai / 15 devasUri 16, hemacandra 17 aura yazovijayane " 1. vAdanyA0 pR0 61 / pramANatrA0 1 / 128 / nyAyabi0 pRSTha 91 / 2. pramANatrA 1128 / nyAyavi0 pRSTha 61 / 3. pra0 paM0 pR0 220 / 4. mA0 me0 pR0 64 / 5. nyAyaratnA0 pRSTha 361 (mI0 zloka anu0 pari0 zloka 53) / 6. nyAyAva0 13-16 / 7 nyA0 vi0 kA0 381 / 8. patraparo0 pR0 6 6. parIkSAmu0 337 / 10. pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 28, 23 / 11. pra0 mI0 2 / 1 / 9 / 12. nyAya0 dI0 pRSTha 76 / 13. jainata. 10 pR0 16 / 14. pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 23, pR0 548 / 15. paro0 mu0 3 | 46| pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 42 / pra0 mo0 2 / 1 / 10 / 16. pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 42, pR0 565 / 17. pra0 mI0 2 / 1 / 10, pRSTha 52 / 18. jainata0 bhA0 pRSTha 16 /

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18 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra bhadrabAhukathita pakSAdi pAMca zuddhiyoMke bhI vAkyameM samAvezakA kathana kiyA aura bhadrabAhuke dazAvayavoMkA samarthana kiyA hai / anumAna-doSa : anumAna-nirUpaNake sandarbha meM bhAratIya tAkikoMne anumAnake sambhava doSoMpara bhI vicAra kiyA hai / yaha vicAra isalie Avazyaka rahA hai ki usase yaha jAnanA zakya hai ki prayukta anumAna sadoSa hai yA nirdoSa ? kyoMki jaba taka kisI jJAnake prAmANya yA aprAmANyakA nizcaya nahIM hotA taba taka vaha jJAna abhipreta arthako siddhi yA asiddhi nahIM kara sakatA / isIse yaha kahA gayA hai ki pramANase arthasaMsiddhi hotI hai aura pramANAbhAsase nhiiN| aura yaha prakaTa hai ki prAmANyakA kAraNa guNa haiM aura aprAmANyakA kAraNa doSa / ataeva anumAnaprAmANyake hetu usakI nirdoSatAkA patA lagAnA bahuta Avazyaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tarkagranthoM meM pramANa-nirUpaNake pariprekSyameM pramANAbhAsa-nirUpaNa bhI pAyA jAtA hai / nyAyasUtra meM pramANaparIkSA prakaraNameM anumAnakI parIkSA karate hue usameM doSAzaMkA aura usakA nirAsa kiyA gayA hai / vAtsyAyanane ananumAna (anumAnAbhAsa ) ko anumAna samajhanekI carcA dvArA spaSTa batalAyA hai ki dUSitAnumAna bhI sambhava hai| aba dekhanA hai ki anumAnameM kyA doSa ho sakate haiM aura ve kitane prakArake sambhava haiM ? spaSTa hai ki anumAnakA gaThana mukhyatayA do aGgoM para nirbhara hai-1 sAdhana aura 2 sAdhya ( pakSa ) / ataeva doSa bho sAdhanagata aura sAdhyagata do hI prakArake ho sakate haiM aura unheM kramazaH sAdhanAbhAsa tathA sAdhyAbhAsa (pakSAbhAsa) nAma diyA jA sakatA hai| sAdhana anumAna-prAsAdakA vaha pradhAna evaM mahattvapUrNa stambha hai jisapara usakA bhavya bhavana nirmita hotA hai / yadi pradhAna stambha nirbala ho to prAsAda kisI bhI kSaNa kSatigrasta evaM dharAzAyI ho sakatA hai| sambhavataH isIse gautamane sAdhyagata doSoMkA vicAra na kara mAtra sAdhanagata doSoMkA vicAra kiyA aura unheM avayavoMkI taraha solaha padArthoMke antargata svatantra padArthakA sthAna pradAna 1. pramANAdarthasaMsiddhistadAmAsAdviparyayaH / -mANikyanandi parI0 mu0 maMgalazlo0 1 / 2. nyAyasU0 211138,39 / 3. nyAyabhA0 2 / 1 / 39 / 4. nyAyasU0 2 / 4-9 /

Page #76
saMkSipta anumAna-vivecana : 49 kiyA hai| isase gautamakI dRSTimeM unakI anumAnameM pramukha pratibandhakatA prakaTa hotI hai / unhoMne una sAdhanagata doSoMko, jinheM hetvAbhAsake nAmase ullikhita kiyA gayA hai, pAMca batalAyA hai| ve haiM--1. savyabhicAra, 2. viruddha, 3. prakaraNasama, 4. sAdhyasamaya aura 5. kAlAtIta / hetvAbhAsoMko pAMca saMkhyA sambhavataH hetuke pAMca rUpoMke abhAvapara AdhArita jAna par3atI hai| yadyapi hetuke pAMca rUpoMkA nirdeza nyAyasUtrameM upalabdha nahIM hai / para usake vyAkhyAkAra udyotakara prabhRtine unakA ullekha kiyA hai| udyotakarane hetukA prayojaka samastarUpasampattiko aura hetvAbhAsakA prayojaka asamastarUpasampattiko batalA kara una rUpoMkA saMketa kiyA hai / vAcaspatine unakI spaSTa parigaNanA bhI kara dI hai| ve pAMca rUpa haiMpakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva, vipakSAsattva, abAdhitaviSayatva aura asatpranipakSattva / inake abhAvase hetvAbhAsa pA~ca hI sambhava hai / jayantabhaTTane to spaSTa likhA hai ki eka-eka rUpake abhAvameM pA~ca hettvAbhAsa hote haiM / nyAyasUtrakArane eka-eka pRthak sUtra dvArA unakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / vAtsyAyanana" hetvAbhAsakA svarUpa dete hue likhA hai ki jo hetulakSaNa ( paMcarUpa ) rahita haiM parantu katipaya rUpAMke rahane ke kAraNa hetu-sAdRzyase hetuko taraha AbhAsita hote haiM unheM ahetu arthAt hetvAbhAsa kahA gayA hai / savadevane bhI hetvAbhAsakA yahI lakSaNa diyA hai| kaNAdane aprasiddha, viruddha aura sandigdha ye tIna hetvAbhAsa pratipAdita kiye haiN| unake bhASyakAra prazastapAdane unakA samarthana kiyA hai| vizeSa yaha ki unhoMne kAzyapako do kArikAe~ uddhRta karake pahalI dvArA hetuko trirUpa aura dUsarI dvArA una tIna rUpoMke abhAvase niSpanna hone vAle ukta viruddha, asiddha aura 1. savyabhicAraviruddhaprakaraNasamasAdhyAsamakAlAtotA hetvAbhAsAH / -nyAyasU0 1 / 2 / 4 / 2. samastalakSaNApapattirasamastalakSaNopapattizca / -nyAyavA0 1 / 2 / 4, pRSTha 163 / 3. nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 1 / 2 / 4, pRSTha 330 / 4. hetoH paMcalakSaNAni pakSadharmavAdIni uktaani| teSAmakaikApAye paMca hetvAbhAsA bhavanti asiddha-viruddha-anaikAntika-kAlAtyayApadiSTa-prakaraNasamAH / -nyAyakalikA pR0 14 / nyAyamaM0 pR0 101 / 5. hetulakSaNAbhAvAdahetavA hetusAmAnyAtuvadAbhAsamAnAH / -nyAyabhA0 112 / 4 ko utthAnikA, pR0 63 / 6. pramANamaM0 pRSTha 9 / 7. vai0 sU0 3 / 1 / 15 / 8. praza0 bhA0 pR0 100-101 / 9. praza. bhaa0puu0100|

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50 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna- vicAra sandigdha tIna hetvAbhAsoMko batAyA hai / prazastapAdakA' eka vaiziSTya aura ullekhya hai / unhoMne nidarzanake nirUpaNa- sandarbha meM bAraha nidarzanAbhAsoM kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai, jabaki nyAyasUtra aura nyAyabhASya meM unakA koI nirdeza prApta nahIM hai / pA~ca pratijJAbhAsoM ( pakSAbhAsoM ) kA bhI kathana prazastapAdane 2 kiyA hai, jo bilakula nayA hai / sambhava hai nyAyasUtrameM hettvAbhAsoM ke antargata jisa kAlAtIta ( bAdhita viSaya --- kAlAtyayApadiSTa ) kA nirdeza hai usake dvArA ina pratijJAbhAsoMkA saMgraha nyAnasUtrakArako abhISTa ho / sarvadevane chaha hetvAbhAsa batAye hai / 4 upAyahRdaya meM ATha hetvAbhAsoMkA nirUpaNa hai / inameM cAra ( kAlAtIta, prakaraNasama, savyabhicAra aura viruddha ) hetvAbhAsa nyAyasUtra jaise hI haiM tathA zeSa cAra ( vAkchala, sAmAnyachala, saMzayasama aura vayaMsama ) naye haiM / inake atirikta isameM anya doSoMkA pratipAdana nahIM hai / para nyAyapraveza meM" pakSAbhAsa, hetvAbhAsa aura dRSTAntAbhAsa ina tIna prakArake anumAna - doSoM kA kathana hai / pakSAbhAsa ke naura, hetvAbhAsake' tIna aura dRSTAntAbhAsa ke daza bhedoMkA sodAharaNa nirUpaNa haiM / vizeSa yaha ki anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa ke chaha bhedoMmeM eka viruddhAvyabhicArIkA bhI kathana upalabdha hotA hai, jo tArkikoM dvArA adhika carcita evaM samAlocita huA hai / nyAyapravezakArane daza dRSTAntAbhAsoM ke antargata ubhayAsiddha dRSTAntAbhAsako dvividha varNita kiyA hai aura jisase prazastapAda jaisI hI unake dRSTAntAbhAsoMkI saMkhyA dvAdaza ho jAtI hai / para prazastapAdokta dvividha AzrayAsiddha unheM abhISTa nahIM hai / 50 kumArila" aura unake vyAkhyAkAra pArthasArathine mImAMsaka dRSTise chaha pratijJAbhAsoM, tIna hetvAbhAsoM aura dRSTAntadoSoMkA pratipAdana kiyA hai / pratijJAbhAsoM meM pratyakSavirodha, anumAnavirodha aura zabdavirodha ye tIna prAyaH prazastapAda tathA nyayapravezakArakI taraha hI haiM / hA~, zabdavirodhake pratijJAtavirodha, loka 1. pra0 bhA0, pR0 122, 123 / 2. vahI, pR0 115 / 3. pramANamaM0 pRSTha 9 / 4. u0 hR0 pR0 14 / 5. eSAM pakSahetudRSTAntAbhAsAnAM vacanAni sAdhanAbhAsam / -zyA0 pra0 pR0 2-7 / 6, 7, 8. vahI, 2, 3-7 / 9. vahI, pR0 4 / 10. nyAyapra0 pR0 7 / 11. mI0 zloka anu0 zloka0 58-66, 108 / 12. nyAyaratnA0 mI0 zloka0 anu0 58-66, 108 / 1.

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saMkSipta anumAna-vivecana : 50 prasiddhivirodha aura pUrvasaMjalpavirodha ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| tathA arthApattivirodha, upamAnavirodha aura abhAvavirodha ye tIna bheda sarvathA naye haiM, jo unake matAnurUpa hai / vizeSa' yaha ki ina virodhoMko dharma, dharmI aura ubhayake sAmAnya tathA vizeSa svarUpagata batalAyA gayA hai| trividha hetvAbhAsoMke avAntara bhedoMkA bhI pradarzana kiyA hai aura nyAyapravezako bhA~ti kumArilane viruddhAvyabhicArI bhI mAnA hai| sAMkhyadarzanameM yaktidIpikA AdimeM to anumAnadoSoMkA pratipAdana nahIM miltaa| kintu mATharane asiddhAdi caudaha hetvAbhAsoM tathA sAdhyavikalAdi daza sAdharmyavaidharmya nidarzanAbhAsoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| nidarzanAbhAsoMkA pratipAdana unhoMne prazastapAdake anusAra kiyA hai / antara itanA hI hai ki mATharane prazastapAdake bAraha nidarzanAbhAsoMmeM dazako svIkAra kiyA hai aura AzrayAsiddha nAmaka do sAdharmya-vaidharmya nidarzanAbhAsoM ko chor3a diyA hai| pakSAbhAsa bho unhoMne no nirdiSTa kiye haiN| jaina paramparAke upalabdha nyAyagranthoM meM sarvaprathama nyAyAvatArameM anumAna-doSoMkA spaSTa kathana prApta hotA hai / isameM pakSAdi tInake vacanako parArthAnumAna kahakara usake doSa bho tIna prakArake batalAe haiM-1. pakSAbhAsa, 2. hetvAbhAsa aura 3. dRSTAntAbhAsa / pakSAbhAsake siddha aura bAdhita ye do bheda dikhAkara bAdhitake pratyakSabAdhita, anumAnabAdhita, lokabAdhita aura svavacanabAdhita-ye cAra bheda ginAye haiN| asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika tIna hetvAbhAsoM tathA chaha sAdharmya aura chaha vaidhayaM kula bAraha dRSTAntAbhAsoMkA bhI kathana kiyA hai / dhyAtavya hai ki sAdhyavikala, sAdhanavikala aura ubhayavikala ye tIna sAdharmya-dRSTAntAbhAsa tathA sAdhyAvyAvRtta sAdhanAvyAvRtta aura ubhayAvyAvRtta ye tIna vaidhayaM dRSTAntAbhAsa to prazastapAdabhASya aura nyAyapraveza jaise hI haiM kintu sandigdhasAdhya, sandigdhasAdhana aura sandigdhobhaya ye tIna sAghamyaM dRSTAntAbhAsa tathA sandigdhasAdhyavyAvRtti, sandigdhasAdhanavyAvRtti aura sandigdhobhayavyAvRtti ye tIna vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa na prazastapAdabhASyameM haiM aura na nyAyapravezameM / prazastapAdabhASyameM AzrayAsiddha, 1. mI0 zlo0, anu0 pari0 zloka 70, tathA vyAkhyA 2. vahI, anu0 pari0 zloka 92 tathA vyaakhyaa| 3. mATharavR. kaa05| 4. nyAyAva0 kA0 13, 21-25 / 5-6. vahI, kA0 21 / 7. vahI, kA0 22, 23 / / 8, 6. vahI, kA0 24, 25 / hai. praza0 bhA0 pR0 123 / 10. nyAyapra0 pR0 5-7 /

Page #79
52 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra ananugata aura viparotAnugata ye tIna sAdharmya tathA Azrayasiddha, avyAvRtta aura viparItavyAvRtta ye tIna vaidhaya'nidarzanAbhAsa haiN| aura nyAyapravezameM ananvaya tathA viparItAnvaya ye do sAdharmya aura avyatireka tathA viparItavyatireka ye do vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa upalabdha haiN| para hA~, dharmakotike nyAyabindumeM unakA pratipAdana milatA hai| dharmakIrtine sandigdhasAdhyAdi ukta tIna sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsoM aura sandigdhavyatirekAdi tAna vaidhayaM dRSTAntAbhAsoMkA spaSTa nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isake atirikta dharmakIrtine nyAyapravezagata ananvaya, viparItAnvaya, avyatireka aura viparotavyatireka ina cAra sAdharmya-vaidhayaM dRSTAntAbhAsoMko apanAte hue apradarzitAnvaya aura apradarzitavyatireka ina do naye dRSTAntAbhAsoMko aura sammilita karake navanava sAdharmya-vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa pratipAdita kiye haiN| ___akalaMkane pakSAbhAsake ukta siddha aura bAdhita do bhedoMke atirikta aniSTa nAmaka tIsarA pakSAbhAsa bhI vagita kiyA hai| jaba sAdhya zakya ( abAdhita ), abhipreta ( iSTa ) aura asiddha hotA hai to usake doSa bhI bAdhita, aniSTa aura siddha ye tIna kahe jaaeNge| hetvAbhAsoMke sambandhameM unakA mata hai ki jaina nyAyameM hetu na trirUpa hai aura na pA~ca-rUpa, kintu ekamAtra anyathAnupapannattva ( avinAbhAva ) rUpa hai / ataH usake abhAvameM hetvAbhAsa eka hI hai aura vaha hai akicitkara / asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika ye usIkA vistAra haiN| dRSTAntake viSayameM unako mAnyatA hai ki vaha sarvatra Avazyaka nahIM hai| jahA~ vaha Avazyaka hai vahAM usakA aura usake sAdhyavikalAdi doSoMkA kathana kiyA jAnA yogya hai| mANikyananda, devasUri , hemacandra" Adi jaina tArkikoMne prAyaH siddhasena aura akalaMkakA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / isa prakAra bhAratIya tarka granthoMmeM anumAnasvarUpa, anumAnabhedoM, anumAnAMgoM, anumAnAvayavoM aura anumAnadoSoMpara paryApta cintana upalabdha hai| 1. nyA0bi0 tR0 pari0 pRSTha 94-102 / 2. nyAyavini0 kA0 172, 296, 365, 366, 370, 381 / 3. parIkSAmu0 6 / 12-50 / 4. pramANana0 6 / 38-82 / 5, pramANamI0 1 / 2 / 14, 2 / 1 / 16-27 /

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caturtha pariccheda bhAratIya anumAna aura pAzcAtya tarkazAstra yahA~ bhAratIya anumAnakA pAzcAtya tarkazAstra ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karanA prakRta viSayake anurUpa evaM upayogI hogA / vizva meM ghaTita honevAlI ghaTanAe~ prAyaH mizrita aura aneka sthitiyoMmeM sampanna hotI haiM / ina aneka sthitiyoM yA parighaTakoM ( Factors ) meM se kucha anAvazyaka aura kucha Avazyaka paristhitiyA~ rahatI haiM / ataeva jaba taka vyartha yA anAvazyaka paristhitiyoMkA parihAra na kiyA jAya taba taka hama ghaTanAke vAstavika kAraNako avagata nahIM kara sakate aura na kAryakAraNa- zRGkhalAkI nizcita jAnakArI ho prApta kI jA sakatI hai| mila ( Mill ne bhAratIya kAryakAraNaparamparA ke anusAra hI kaoNja eNDa iphaikTas ( Cause and Effects ) ke anveSaNako pA~ca vidhiyoM dvArA pradarzita kiyA hai ( 1 ) anvayavidhi ( Method of agreement ). ( 2 ) vyatirekavidhi | Method of Difference ). ( 3 ) saMyukta anvayavyatirekavidhi ( Joint Method ). ( 4 ) sahabhAvo vaividhyavidhi ( Method of Concomitant Varia tions ). ( 5 ) avazeSavidhi ( Method of residues ). ina vidhiyoM meM do prakArakI prakriyAe~ upayoga meM lAyI jAtI haiM - bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka | anvayavidhi : yadi kisI ghaTanA ke do-tIna udAharaNoMmeM eka hI sAmAnya ghaTaka ( Cornmon circumstance) pAyA jAya to vaha parighaTaka, jisameM samasta udAharaNoM kI samAnatA vyApta hai, usa ghaTanAkA kArya yA kAraNa mAlUma hotA hai / isa vidhi meM kAraNa mAlUma hone para kArya aura kArya mAlUma hone para kAraNa jJAta kiyA jAtA hai / yaha vidhi 'yatra yatra dhamastatra tatra vahniH' vAlI bhAratIya prakriyAke prAya: samAna hai / bhAratIya anvaya-vidhi meM sAdhana ke sadbhAva meM sAdhyakA sadbhAva dikhalAyA jAtA hai aura isa prakriyA meM kAraNoM dvArA kAryoMkA athavA

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54 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra kAryoM dvArA kAraNoM kA jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai / mila Mill) ne nirIkSaNa aura prayogAtmaka donoM hI vidhiyoMse udAharaNoMkA saMkalana kara kArya-kAraNazRGkhalAkA trivecana kiyA hai / ' saMyukta anvayavyatireka vidhi : yadi jA~ja ko jAnevAlI ghaTanAoMke do tIna udAharaNoM meM koI eka hI parighaTaka sAmAnya ho aura aise do anya do-tona udAharaNoM meM yaha ghaTanA yA ghaTanAe~ ghaTita na huI hoM, pUrva sAmAnya parighaTakake abhAva yA anupasthitike atirikta kucha bhI sAmAnya na ho to isa prakArake udAharaNoM meM vyatireka ( Differing ) parighaTaka kAraNa yA kAryake kAraNakA avazya aGga hogA / isa vidhi meM bhAvAtmaka (Positive) aura abhAvAtmaka ( Negative ) donoM prakArakI ghaTanAe~ udAharaNa ke rUpa meM grahaNa kI jA sakatI haiM / bhAvAtmaka udAharaNa anvayavidhike haiM aura kAraNakAryako sthApanA nirdhArita karate haiM | abhAvAtmaka udAharaNa vyatirekavidhike haiM, jo ukta kAraNakAryakI sthApanAko nizcita rUpa dete haiM / isa saMyukta vidhiko dvayanvayavidhi bhI kahA jAtA hai / isa saMyukta anvayavyatirekavidhikI tulanA hama bhAratIya anvayavyatirekavyAptise kara sakate haiM / prAyaH isa vidhi meM ve hI pariNAma nikalate haiM jo pariNAma bhAratIya anvayavyatirekavyApti meM nikAle jAte haiM / vyatirekavidhi : anvaya tathA anvayavyatirekavidhiyoM meM kAryakAraNakI sambhAvanA hI nirdhArita kI jA sakatI hai, para usake 'nizcayIkaraNa' yA satyatA ke lie vyatireka vidhiko AvazyakatA hotI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM hama yoM kaha sakate haiM ki anvaya tathA anvaya 1. If two or more instances of the phenomenon under investigation have only one circumstance in common, the circumstance in which alone all the instances agree is the cause ( or effect ) of the given phenomenon. -- System of Logic; By John Stuart Mill, Longmans green and Co. London, 1898, Page, 255. 2. If an instance in which the phenomenon under investigation occurs and an instance in which it does not occur, have every circumstance in common save one, that one occuring only in the former; the circumstance in which alone the two instances differ is the effect or the cause, or an indispensable part of the cause, of the phenomenon, vahI, pRSTha 256 /

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bhAratIya anumAna aura pAzcAtya tarkazAstra : 55 vyatirekavidhiyAM nirIkSaNako hI vyavahAra meM lAneke kAraNa kevala kAraNakAryako sUcita kara sakatI haiM, para pramANIkaraNake lie vyatirekavidhikI AvazyakatA hai / yaha prayogavidhi hai / ataH prayogAtmakarUpase ghaTanAoMkA vizleSaNa kara kAryakAraNasambandhakA parijJAna kiyA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa isa vidhiko sarvazreSTha vidhi kahA gayA hai| isa vidhiko paribhASAmeM batAyA hai-"yadi kisI eka bhAvAtmaka udAharaNameM eka parighaTaka upasthita ho aura phira kisI eka abhAvAtmaka udAharaNameM vaha parighaTaka na ho tathA isa eka parighaTakake atirikta donoM udAharaNa sabhI prakArase eka samAna hoM to vaha parighaTaka, jisameM bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka udAharaNa bheda haiM, kArya yA kAraNa athavA Avazyaka kAraNAMza hotA hai / " spaSTIkaraNake lie yoM mAnA jA sakatA hai ki do pAtra haiM, jo eka hI samAna zozese nirmita haiM, kSetra aura vajana bhI donoMkA samAna hai, donoMmeM eka hI prakArakI vidyutghaMTikAe~ bhI lagI haiM, para donoMmeM antara itanA hI hai ki prathama pAtra meM vAyu hai aura dvitIyameM nhiiN| aba hama dekhate haiM ki ukta antarakA pariNAma yaha hai ki prathama pAtra meM ghaNTikAkI dhvani sunAI par3atI hai para dvitIyameM nhiiN| isase yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA sahaja hai ki vAyu zabda-saMcArakA vizeSa kAraNAMza yA Asanna kAraNa hai| isa vyatirekavidhikI tulanA bhAratIya anumAnake aGga vyatirekavyAptise kI jA sakatI hai / vAstavameM vyatirekavyApti hI, jise jaina tArkikoMne antarvyApti yA anyathAnupapatti kahA hai aura jisapara ho sarvAdhika bhAra diyA hai, avinAbhAva sambandhakI pratirUpa hai| mila ( Mill ) ne apane ukta siddhAntameM avinAbhAka sambandhakA ho vizleSaNa kiyA hai / sahacArI vaividhyavidhi : kucha aise sthAyI kAraNa haiM jinakA abhAvAtmaka udAharaNa prApta nahIM hotA, 1. If two or more instances in which the phenomenon occ urs have only one circumstance in common, while two or more instances in which it does not occur have no. thing in common save the absence of that circumstance, the circumstance in which alone the two sets of instances differ is the effect or the cause, or an indispensable part of the cause of the phenomenon. -System of logic, Longmans green and co. 1898, page 259.

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56 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra para ye sthAyI kAraNa bhinna-bhinna parimANameM upalabdha hote haiN| ataH inameM sahacArI vaividhyavidhikA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / mila ( Mill ) ne isakI paribhASA batalAte hue likhA hai-"yadi kisI eka ghaTanAmeM parivartana honese dUsarI ghaTanAmeM vizeSa prakArase parivartana ho to una ghaTanAoMmeM kAryakAraNakA sambandha hotA hai|" ghaTanAoMke anupAtI kramameM ghaTane-bar3hanekA prakAra cAra tarahakA ho sakatA hai (1) donoM kAraNa aura kArya eka-dUsareke anupAtase bar3he; yathA jitanA gur3a utanI miThAsa / ( 2 ) donoM kAraNa aura kArya eka-dUsareke anupAtase ghaTeM; yathA-gur3ake ghaTanese miThAsakA ghttnaa| ( 3 ) kAraNa to bar3he, para kArya ghaTe; yathA-jaise-jaise hama Upara car3hate haiM vaise-vaise vAyukA dabAva kama hotA jAtA hai / ( 4 ) kAraNa ghaTe to kArya bar3he; yathA-kisI kAmako karane ke lie majadUroMkI saMkhyA jitanI ghaTatI jAtI hai, kArya karanekI avadhi utanI bar3hatI jAtI hai| yoM to sahacArI vaividhyavidhi kahIM anvayavyAptikA rUpa grahaNa karatI hai, to kahIM vyatirekavyAptikA / para yaha vidhi zuddha anvayavidhi yA zuddha vyatirekavidhise bhinna hai; kyoMki isake pariNAma adhika svastha aura nirNayAtmaka hote haiN| avazeSa vidhi ( Method of residues ) isa vidhimeM pUrva jJAnakI vizeSa AvazyakatA hotI hai / jaba hameM eka mizrita ghaTanAke kAraNakA anveSaNa karanA hotA hai aura bahutase kAryaphalake kAraNAMzoMko avagata kara lete haiM to avazeSa kAryaphalake kAraNako jAnaneke lie isa vidhikI AvazyakatA hotI hai / isakI paribhASameM batAyA hai-"yadi pUrva Agamanake dvArA yaha nirdhArita ho ki kisI ghaTanAke kAryaphalakA eka bhAga kucha pUrvavartI parighaTakoMke dvArA utpanna hotA hai to usa kAryaphalakA zeSa bhAga pUrvavartI parighaTakoM 1. Subduct from any phenomenon such part as is known by previous induction to be the effect of certain antecederts and the residue of the phenomenon is the effect of the remaining antecedents.. -System of Logic, by Mill, Longmans green and Co. 1898, page 260,

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bhAratIya anumAna aura pAzcAtya tarkazAstra : 50 ke dvArA utpanna hogaa|" udAharaNArtha yoM samajhA jA sakatA hai ki gAr3I aura UkhakA vajana tIsa mana hai aura gAr3IkA vajana daza mana haiM to hama avazeSa vidhi dvArA UkhakA vajana nikAla sakate haiM / arthAt tIsa mana vajanameMse daza mana gAr3IkA vajana nikAla denepara UkhakA vajana bIsa mana raha jaaygaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki sampUrNa kAraNasaMyoga mAlUma hone para aura eka jJAta kAraNAMzase dUsare ajJAta kAraNAMzako avagata kara lenA avazeSavidhikA kArya hai| yaha avazeSavidhi bhAratIya anvaya-vyatirekavidhise vizeSa bhinna nahIM hai| jisa zreNIke kAryakAraNabhAvako anvaya-vyatirekavidhi dvArA avagata kiyA jAtA hai prAyaH usI zreNIke kAryakAraNAbhAvako ukta avazeSavidhi dvArA jJAta kiyA jAtA hai| ataeva bhAratIya anumAnapraNAlI aura pAzcAtya tarkapraNAlI kAryakAraNasambandhakI dRSTise samAna haiN| para yaha smaraNIya hai ki bhAratIya anumAna pAzcAtya tarkakI apekSA adhika vyApaka hai / isameM aise sambandha bhI sammilita haiM, jinakA grahaNa pAzcAtya tarkazAstrameM na to tAdAtmyasambandha dvArA hotA hai aura na kAryakAraNasambandha dvArA hii| yathA-'eka muhUrta bAda zakaTakA udaya hogA, kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya hai' meM ukta donoM prakArake sambandhoMmeMse koI bhI sambandha nahIM hai phira bhI yaha anumAna samIcIna hai; kyoMki isameM hetukA sAdhyake sAtha anyathAnupapannatva ( avinAbhAva ) vidyamAna haiM / ataeva bhAratIya anumAnakA kSetra pAzcAtya tarkako apekSA adhika hai| ataH anumAnameM to pAzcAtya tarkakA antarbhAva sambhava hai para pAzcAtya tarkameM anumAnakA nhiiN| 1. whatever phenomenon varies in any manner whenever another phenomenon varies in Some particular manner, is either causes or an effect of what phenomenon, or is connected with it through some fact of causation. -System of Logic, by mill, Longmans, green and Co. 1898, 263.

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adhyAya : 2 prathama pariccheda jaina pramANavAda aura usameM anumAna kA sthAna anumAnakA vistRta vicAra karanese pUrva yaha Avazyaka hai ki pramANake prayojana, svarUpa, bheda evaM parokSa-pramANapara bhI vimarza kiyA jAya, kyoMki pramANakI carcAke binA anumAnake svarUpa AdikA spaSTIkaraNa sambhava nahIM hai / ataeva yahA~ prathamataH pramANapara vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / ( ka ) tattva : tattva, artha, vastu aura sat ye cAroM zabda paryAyavAcI haiM / jo astitva svabhAvavAlA hai vaha sat hai tathA tattva, artha aura vastu ye tInoM astitva svabhAvase bAhara nahIM haiM / isalie satkA jo artha hai vahI tattva, artha aura vastukA hai aura artha ina tInoMkA hai vahI satkA hai / niSkarSa yaha ki ye cAroM zabda ekArthaka haiM / tattva do samUhoM meM vibhakta hai - 1. upAyatattva aura 2. upeyatattva / upAyatattva do prakArakA hai - 1. jJApaka aura 2. kAraka / jJApaka bhI do tarahakA hai1. pramANa aura 2. pramANAbhAsa / pramANa aura pramANAbhAsameM yaha antara hai ki pramANa dvArA yathArtha jAnakArI 1. 'upAyatattvaM jJApakaM kArakaM ceti dvividham / tatra jJApakaM prakAzakamupAyatattvaM jJAnaM kArakaM tUpAyatattvamudyogadevAdi / ' - aSTasa0 Tippa0 pR0 256 /

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jaina pramANavAda aura usameM anumAnakA sthAna : 59 hotI hai, para pramANAbhAsase nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba pramANakA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai to pramANAbhAsakI bhI mImAMsA kI jAtI hai|' kArakatattva vaha hai jo kAryakI utpatti meM vyApta hotA hai| arthAt kAryake utpAdaka kAraNoMkA nAma kAraka hai| pratyeka kAryakI niSpatti do kAraNoMse hotI hai-1. upAdAna aura 2. nimitta ( sahakArI ) / upAdAna vaha hai jo svayaM kAryarUpa pariNata hotA hai aura nimitta vaha hai jo usameM sahAyaka hotA hai| udAharaNArtha ghar3ekI utpattimeM mRtpiNDa upAdAna hai aura daNDa, cakra, covara, kumbhakAra prabhRti nimitta hai| nyAyadarzanameM ina do kAraNoMke atirikta eka tIsarA kAraNa bhI svIkRta hai| vaha hai asamavAyi / para samavAyikAraNagatarUpAdi aura saMyogarUpa honese use anya sabhI darzanoMne ukta donoM kAraNoMse bhinna nahIM maanaa| upeyatattvake bhI do bheda haiM-1. jJApya ( jJeya ) aura 2. kArya / jo jJAnakA viSaya hotA hai use jJApya kahA jAtA hai aura jo kAraNoM dvArA niSpAdya yA niSpanna hai use kArya : ( kha ) pramANakA prayojana : prastutameM hamArA prayojana jJApaka-upAyatattva-pramANase hai| jahA~ taka pramANake vicArakA prazna hai, isa tathyako koI asvIkAra nahIM kara sakatA ki vizvake prANiyoMkI, cAhe ve pazu-pakSI hoM, kIr3e-makor3e hoM yA manuSya, iSTAniSTa vastuoMke jJAnake lie usI prakAra pravRtti (jijJAsA pAyI jAtI hai jisa prakAra khAne-pIne aura bhoganekI vastuoMko prApta krnekii| isase spaSTa hai ki prANiyoMmeM jAnanekI pravRtti ( jijJAsA ) svAbhAvika hai| manuSya itara prANiyoMkI apekSA adhika buddhimAna aura vicArazIla hai| ata: usake lie Avazyaka hai ki use iSTAniSTa athavA jJAtavya vastuoMkA jJAna abhrAnta ho| pramANakI jijJAsA manuSyameM sambhavataH isIse jAgRta huI hogii| yahI kAraNa hai ki pramANakI mImAMsA na kevala adhyAtmapradhAna bhAratake manISiyoM dvArA hI kI gayo hai, apitu vizvake sabhI vicArakoM evaM dArzanikoMne bhI kI hai| AcArya mANikyanandi pramANakA prayojana batalAte hue spaSTa likhate haiM ki pramANase padArthokA 1. pramANAdarthasaMsiddhistadAbhAsAdviparyayaH / iti vakSye tayAlakSma siddhamalpaM laghIyasaH // -mAkyinandi, parI0 mu0, pratijJAzlAka 1 2. vaho, pratizAzloka 1 /

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60 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra samyak jJAna aura samyak prApti hotI hai, para pramANAbhAsase nhiiN| AcArya vidyAnandane' bhI isI tathyako vyakta kiyA hai| (ga ) anya tAkikoM dvArA abhihita pramANakA svarUpa : 'pramIyate yena tatpramANam' isa vyutpattike anusAra pramANa vaha hai jisake dvArA vastu pramita ho, arthAt sahI rUpameM jAnI jAe / prazna hai ki sahI jAnakArI kisake dvArA hotI hai ? isa praznapara prAyaH sabhI pramANazAstriyoMne vicAra kiyA haiN| kaNAdane batalAyA hai ki pramANa ( vidyA) vaha hai jo nirdoSa jJAna hai / gautama ke nyAyamUtrameM pramANakA lakSaNa upalabdha nahIM hotA, para unake bhASyakAra vAtsyAyanane avazya 'pramANa' zabdase phalita honevAle upalabdhisAdhana (pramAkaraNa ) ko pramANa sUcita kiyA hai / udyotakara, jayantabhaTTa' Adi naiyAyikoMne vAtsyAyana ke dvArA sUcita upalabdhi-sAdhanarUpa pramAkaraNako hI pramANalakSaNa svIkRta kiyA hai| yadyapi udayanane yathArthAnubhavako pramA kahA hai| para vaha unheM IzvarapramAkA hI lakSaNa abhipreta hai| jJAta hotA hai ki anubhUtiko pramANa mAnanevAle mImAMsaka prabhAkarakA yaha unapara prabhAva hai, kyoMki udayanake pUrva nyAyaparamparAmeM pramANasAmAnyake lakSaNameM 'anubhava' padakA praveza upalabdha nahIM hotaa| unake pazcAt to vizvanAtha , kezava mizra, annambhaTTa prabhRti naiyAyikoMne anubhavaghaTita hI pramANakA lakSaNa kiyA hai| 1. pramANAdiSTasaMsiddhiranyathAtiprasaMgataH / ___ -vidyAnanda, pra0 50 pR 63 / 2. 'aduSTaM vidyA' / -vaize0 sU0 9 / 2 / 12 / 3. nyAyabhA0 111 // 3, pR0 16 / 4. nyAyavA0 13143, pR0 5 / 5. pramIyate yena tatpramANamiti karaNArthAbhidhayinaH pramANazabdAta pramAkaraNaM pramANamava gmyte| nyAyamaM0 pRSTha 25 / 6. yathArthAnubhavA mAnamanapekSayateSyate / -udayana, nyAyakusu0 4 / 1 / 7. ...buddhistu dvividhA matA / anubhUtiH smRtizca syAdanubhUtizcatuvidhA // -vizvanAtha, siddhAntamu0 kA0 51 / 8. kA SunaH pramA, yasyAH karaNaM pramANam ? ucyate- yathArthAnubhavaH prmaa| -kezavamizra, tarkabhA0 pR0 14 / 6. annambhaTTa, takasaM0 pRSTha 32 /

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jaina pramANavAda aura usameM anumAnakA sthAna : 61 mImAMsaka-manISI kumArila bhaTTane pramANakA lakSaNa batalAte hue kahA hai ki jo apUrvArthaviSayaka, nizcita, bAdhAoMse rahita, nirdoSa kAraNoMse utpanna aura lokasammata hai vaha pramANa hai / isa prakAra unhoMne pramANalakSaNameM pAMca vizeSaNoMkA niveza kiyA hai| yathA tatrAparvArthavijJAnaM nizcitaM bAdhavajitam / aduSTakAraNArabdhaM pramANaM lokasammatam / / pichale sabhI bhATTa mImAMsakoMne isI lakSaNako mAnyatA dI hai| dUsare dArzanikoMkI AlocanAkA viSaya bhI yahI lakSaNa rahA hai| mImAMsakaparamparAke dUsare sampradAyake prabhAkarane anubhUtiko pramANa kahA hai aura zAlikAnAtha Adine usakA samarthana kiyA hai / sAMkhyadarzanameM IzvarakRSNa Adi vidvAnoM dvArA indriyavRttiko pramANa batalAyA gayA hai| bauddha-darzana ajJAtArthake prakAzaka jJAnako pramANa mAnA gayA hai| diDnAgane viSayAkAra arthanizcaya aura svara vitiko pramANakA phala kahakara unheM hI pramANa kahA hai, kyoMki isa darzanameM pramANa aura phalako abhinna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 1. yaha zloka granthakAroMne kumArilakartRka mAnA hai| para vaha unake vartamAna mAmAMsA zlokavArtikameM upalabdha nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai vaha pratilipikAroM dvArA chUTa gayA hA yA unake kisI anya granthakA ho, jo Aja anupalabdha hai| -le| 2. vidyAnanda, ta0 zloka0 1 / 10 / 71 / 3. anubhUtizca na: pramANam / -prabhAkara, bRhatI 11115 / 4. (ka) rUpAdipu paMcAnAmAlocanamAtramiSyate vRttiH| -sAMkhyakA 28 / (kha) buddhira haMkArI manaH cakSuH ityetAni catvAri yugapad rUpaM pazyanti, ayaM sthANuH ayaM puruSaH iti / evameSAM yugapaccatuSTayasya vRttiH "krmshshc.....| -mAThara vR. 47 / (ga) indriyapraNAlikayA arthasannikaNa liMgazAnAdinA vA Adau buddheH arthAkArA vRttiH jaayte| -nAMkhyapra0 mA0 pR0 47 / yogada0 vyAsabhASya pR0 27 evaM yogavA0 pR0 30 / 5. azAtArthazApakaM pramANamiti pramANasAmAnyalakSaNam / -pra0 sa0 kA0 3, pRSTha 11 / 6. svasaMvittiH phalaM cAtra tapAdarthanizcayaH / viSayAkAra evAsya pramANaM tena mIyate // -vahI, 1 / 10 /

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62 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra dharmakIti' ne 'avisaMvAdi' pada aura jor3akara diGanAgake pramANalakSaNako prAyaH pariSkRta kiyA hai| tattvasaMgrahakAra zAntarakSitane sArUpya-tadAkAratA aura yogyatAko pramANakA lakSaNa batalAyA hai, jo eka prakArase diDnAga aura dharmakoti ke pramANa-sAmAnyalakSaNakA hI phalitArtha hai| isa taraha bauddha-darzanameM svasaMvedI ajJAtArthajJApaka avisaMvAdi jJAnako pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai| (gha ) jaina cintakoM dvArA pramANasvarUpa-vimarza : jaina paramparAmeM pramANakA kyA lakSaNa hai ? ArambhameM usakA kyA rUpa rahA aura uttarakAla meM usakA kisa taraha vikAsa huA ? ityAdi praznoMpara yahA~ vicAra prastuta hai| 1. samantabhadra aura middhasena : ___ sarvaprathama svAmA samantabhadrane pramANakA lakSaNa nibaddha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam / jo jJAna apanA aura parakA avabhAsa karAye vaha pramANa hai| jo kevala apanA yA kevala parakA avabhAsa karAtA hai vaha jJAna pramANakoTimeM sammilita nahIM hai| pramANakoTima vahI jJAna samAviSTa ho sakatA hai jo apaneko jAnaneke sAtha parako aura parako jAnaneka sAtha apaneko bhI avabhAsita karatA hai| aura tabhI usameM sampUrNatA AtI hai / siddhasenane samantabhadra ke ukta lakSaNako apanAte hue usameM eka vizeSaNa aura diyA hai / vaha hai 'bAdhavivarjitam / yadyapi 'svarUpasya svato gateH', 'svarUpAdhigateH param' Adi pratipAdanoM dvArA vijJAnAdvaitavAdo bauddha pramANako svasaMvedo svIkAra karate haiM tathA 'ajJAtArtha 1. pramANamavisavAdi zAnam, akriyAsthiAtaH / avisavAdanaM....................... // -dharmakoti pramANavA0 2-1, pRSTha 29 / 2. viSayAdhigatizcAtra pramANaphalamiSyate / svavittiA pramANaM tu sArUpyaM yogyatApi vaa| -zAntarakSita, tattvasaM0 kA0 1344 / 3. svaya0 sto0 kA0 63 / 4. pramANaM svaparAbhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivajitam / -nyAyAva0, kA0 1 / 5. dharmakIti, pramANavA0 214 / 6. vahI, 2 / 5 /

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jaina pramANavAda aura usameM anumAnakA sthAna : 66 jJApakaM pramANam', 'ajJAtArthaprakAzo vA', 'pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnamarthakriyAsthiti:3' Adi kathanoM dvArA sautrAntika ( bahirarthAdvaitavAdI ) bauddha use kevala parasaMvedI mAnate haiN| para kisI bhI tAkikane pramANako sva aura para donoMkA eka sAtha prakAzaka nahIM mAnA / jaina tArkikoMne hI pramANako sva aura para donoMkA eka sAtha jJApaka svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA mantavya hai ki jJAna camacamAtA hIrA athavA jyotipuJja dIpaka hai jo apaneko prakAzita karatA huA usI kAlameM yogya bAhya padArthoMko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| aura yaha svaparaprakAzaka yathArtha jJAna hI pramANa hai| pramANako vyutpatti dvArA hama dekha cuke haiM ki 'pramIyate'nena pramANam'jisake dvArA pramA-ajJAnanivRtti ho vaha pramANa hai / naiyAyika yaha pramA sannikarSase mAnate haiM / ataH unake anusAra sannikarSa pramANa hai / vaizeSikoMkA bhI yahI mata hai| sAMkhya indriyavRttise; mImAMsaka indriyase, bauddha sArUpya evaM yogyatAse pramiti svIkAra karate haiM, ata: unake yahA~ kramaza: indriyavRtti, indriya aura sArUpya evaM yogyatAko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| samantabhadrane svaparAvabhAsaka jJAnako pramANa pratipAdana karake ukta matoMko asvIkAra kiyA hai / pUjyapAda: pUjyapAdane samantabhadrakA anusaraNa to kiyA hii| sAthameM sannikarSa aura indriyapramANa sambandhI mAnyatAoMkI samIkSA bhI prastuta kI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki sannikapaM yA indriyako pramANa mAnanepara sUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa padArthoM ke sAtha indriyoMkA sannikarSa sambhava na honese unakA jJAna asambhava haiN| phalata. sarvajJatAkA abhAva ho jaaegaa| dUsare, indriyA~ alpa-kevala mAtra sthUla, aura vartamAna evaM Asanna viSayaka haiM aura jJeya ( sUkSma, vyavahitAdirUpa ) aparimita haiM / aisI sthitimeM indriyoMse samasta jJeyoM ( atIta-anAgatoM ) kA jJAna kabhI nahIM ho sakatA / tIsare, cakSu aura mana ye donoM aprApyakArI honeke kAraNa sabhI indriyoMkA padArthoke sAtha sannikarSa bhI sambhava nahIM hai / cakSu spRSTakA grahaNa na karane aura yogya dUra sthitakA grahaNa karanese aprApyakArI hai / " yadi cakSu aprA 1. diGnAga, pra0 samu0 ( svopazavR0 ) 1 / 2. pramANavA0 2 / 5 / 3. vahI, 2 / 1 / 4. pUjyapAda, sarvA0 si0 1110 / 5. (ka) aprApyakAri cakSuH spRSTAnavagrahAt / yadi prApyakAri syAt tvagindriyavat spRSTamaMjanaM gRhNIyAt na tu gRhNAtyato manodaprApyakArIti / -sa0 si0 1119, pRSTha 116 / (kha) akalaMka, ta0 vA0 1116, pR0 67, 68, / (ga) DA. mahendrakumAra jaina, jaina darzana pRSTha 270 /

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64 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra pyakArI na ho-prApyakArI ho to use svayaMmeM lage aMjanako dekha lenA cAhie / dUsare, sparzanAdi indriyoMkI taraha vaha samIpavartI vRkSako zAkhA aura dUravartI candramAko eka sAtha nahIM dekha sakatI / tosare, cakSu abhraka, kAMca aura sphaTika Adise AcchAdita padArthoMko bhI dekha letI hai, jaba ki prApyakArI sparzanAdi indriyAM unheM nahIM jAna paatiiN| cauthe, yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki jo kAraNa ho vaha padArthase saMyukta hokara hI apanA kAma kre| cumbaka dUrase hI loheko khIMca letA hai| pAMcaveM, cakSuko prApyakArI mAnanepara padArtha meM dUra aura nikaTakA vyavahAra nahIM ho sktaa| isI taraha saMzaya aura viparyaya jJAna bhI nahIM ho skte| ina saba kAraNoMse jaina darzanameM cakSuko aprApyakArI mAnA gayA hai| pUjyApAdane' jJAnako pramANa mAnanepara sannikarSa aura indriyapramANavAdiyoM dvArA uThAyI gayI ApattikA bhI parihAra kiyA hai / ApattikArakA kahanA hai ki jJAnako pramANa svIkAra karanepara phalakA abhAva ho jAegA, kyoMki pramANakA phala 'arthajJAna' hai aura use pramANa mAna lenepara usakA koI phala zepa nahIM rahatA / sannikarSa yA indriyako pramANa svIkAra karanepara to spaSTatayA usakA 'arthajJAna' phala bana jAtA hai ? isa ApattikA parihAra karate hue pUjyapAda kahate haiM ki sannikarSa yA indriyako pramANa mAnanepara usake phalako bhI sannikarSakI taraha domeM rahanevAlA mAnanA par3egA, phalataH ghaTa, paTa Adi acetana padArthoM meM bhI jJAnake sadbhAvakA prasaGga aayegaa| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jJAnakA samavAya cetana AtmAmeM hai, ghaTAdi acetana padArthoM nahIM, kyoMki AtmAko jJasvabhAva na mAnanese anya acetanoMko taraha usameM bhI jJAnakA samavAya sambhava nahIM hai aura AtmAko jJasvabhAva svIkAra karanepara siddhAnta-virodha AtA hai / jJAnako pramANa mAnanepara phalake abhAvakA prasaMga upasthita nahIM hotA, kyoMki padArthakA jJAna honeke uparAnta proti dekhI jAtI hai| yaha prIti hI usakA phala hai| athavA upekSA yA ajJAnanivRtti pramANakA phala hai| rAga yA dveSakA na honA upekSA hai aura andhakAratulya ajJAnakA dUra ho jAnA ajJAnanAza hai| 1. sa0 si0 1110, pRSTha 97 / 2. nanu covataM zAne pramANe sati phalAbhAva iti, naiSa doSaH, arthAdhigame prItidarzanAt / zasvabhAvasyAtmanaH karmamalImasasya karaNAlambanAdarthanizcaye protirupjaayte| sA phalamityucyate / upekSA azAnanAzo vA phalam / rAgadveSayorapraNidhAnamupekSA / andhakArakalpAzAnanAzo thA phalamityucyate / -vahI, 1-10, pRSTha 97, 18 / 3. (ka ) upekSA phalamAdyasya zeSasyAdAnahAnapoH / pUrvA vA'jJAnanAzo vA sarvasyAsya svagocare // -samantabhadra AptamI0 kA0 102, / ( kha ) ajJAnanidRttiH hAnopAdAnopekSAzca phalam / -mANikyanandi, parIkSAmu0 5.1 /

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jaina pramANa vAda aura usameM anumAnakA sthAna : 65 smaraNIya hai ki vAtsyAyana' aura jayantabhaTTane bhI jJAnako pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai tathA usakA phala hAna, upAdAna aura upekSAbuddhi batalAyA hai| para yaha satya hai ki nyAyadarzanameM mukhyatayA upalabdhisAdhanarUpameM sannikarSa yA kArakasAkalyako hI pramANa mAnA gayA hai aura jJAnako sabhIne eka matase asvasaMvedI pratipAdana kiyA hai| akalaGka: akalaMkane samantabhadropajJa ukta pramANalakSaNa aura pUjyapAdakI pramANamImAMsAko mAnya kiyA hai| para siddhasena dvArA pramANalakSaNameM diyA gayA 'bAdhavivajita' vizeSaNa unheM svIkArya nahIM hai| usake sthAnapara unhoMne eka dUsarA hI vizeSaNa diyA hai jo nyAyadarzanake pratyakSalakSaNameM nihita hai, para pramANasAmAnyalakSaNavAdiyoM aura jaina tAkikoMke lie vaha nayA hai| vaha vizeSaNa hai-vyavasAyAtmaka' / akalaMkakA mata hai ki cAhe pratyakSa ho aura cAhe anya pramANa / pramANamAtrako vyavasAyAtmaka honA caahie| koI bhI jJAna ho vaha nirvikalpaka, kalpanApoDha yA avyapadezya nahIM ho sktaa| yaha sambhava hI nahIM ki arthakA jJAna ho aura vikalpa na utthe| jJAna to vikalpAtmaka hI hotA hai / isa prakAra isa vizeSaNa dvArA akalaMkane jahA~ bauddhadarzanake nirvikalpaka pratyakSakI mImAMsA kI hai vahA~ nyAyadarzanameM mAnya avyapadezya ( avikalpaka ) pratyakSajJAnakI bhI samIkSA kI hai| akalaMkane samantabhadra ke pramANalakSaNagata 'sva' aura 'para' padake sthAnameM kramazaH 'AtmA' aura 'artha' padoMkA samAveza kiyA hai tathA 'avabhAsaka' padakI jagaha 'grAhaka' pada rakhA hai| para vAstavameM arthako dRSTise isa parivartanameM koI antara nahIM-mAtra zabdoMkA bheda hai| akalaMkadevane pramANake anya lakSaNa bhI bhinna-bhinna 1. yadA sannikarpastadA zAnaM pramitiH yadA zAnaM tadA hAnopAdAnApekSAbuddhayaH phalam / -nyAyamA0 1 / 13 / 2. pramANatAyAM sAmagryAstajjJAnaM phlbhissyte| tasya pramANabhAve tu phalaM haanaadibuddhyH|| -nyAyamaM0 pRSTha 62 / 3. indriyArthasannikaSAtpannaM zAnamavyapadezyamavyabhicAri vyavasAyAtmakaM pratyakSam / -akSapAda, nyAyamU0 1 / 1 / 4 / 4. yadyapi sthAnAMgasUtra ( 185 ) meM 'vyavasAya' pada AyA hai para tarkagranthoMke lie vaha nayA hI thaa| 5. pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhaM nAmajAtyadyasaMyutam / -diGnAga, pra0 sa0 (pra0 pari0) kA0 3 / 6. iha hi dvayI pratyakSajAtiravikalpikA savikalpikA ceti / -bAcaspati, nyAyavA0 tA. TI 11114, pRSTha 125 /

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66 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra sthaloMpara diye haiN| ina lakSaNoMmeM mUla AdhAra to AtmArtha grAhakatva evaM vyavasAyAtmakatva hI hai, para unameM artha ke vizeSaNarUpase kahIM unhoMne 'anadhigata', aura kahIM 'anirNIta' padako diyA haiN| tathA kahIM jJAnake vizeSaNarUpase 'avisaMvAdi'2 padako bhI rakhA haiM / ye pada kumArila tathA dharmakIrtise liye gaye hoM to koI Azcarya nahIM, kyoMki unake pramANalakSaNoMmeM ye pada pahalese nihita haiM / 3 'avisaMvAdi' pada to dharmakotise pUrva jaina cintaka pUjyapAdane bhI sarvArthasiddhi (1-12) meM diyA hai| vidyAnanda : vidyAnandane yadyapi saMkSepameM 'samyagjJAna'ko pramANa kahA hai, jo AcArya gRddhapicchake anusaraNako vyakta karatA hai| para pIche use unhoMne 'svArthavyavasAyAtmaka' bhI siddha kiyA hai| isa prakAra unake pramANalakSaNameM akalaMkakI taraha 'anadhigata' vizeSaNa prApta nahIM hai / phira bhI unheM samyagjJAnako anadhigatArthaviSayaka yA apUrvArthaviSayaka mAnanA aniSTa nahIM hai| akalaMkakI taraha unhoMne bhI smRtyAdipramANoMmeM apUrvArthatAkA spaSTatayA samarthana kiyA hai| ve ugakI pramANatA meM apUrvArthatAko prayojaka batalAte haiM / pramANake sAmAnyalakSaNameM jo unhoMne 'apa 1,2, pramANamAvasaMvAdi zAnam, anadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt / -aSTaza0 A0 mI0 kA0 36, pRSTha 22 / tathA dekhie, 'anizcita' aura 'ani ta' padoM ke lie isI granthakI 100vIM kA0 kI a0 za0 / 3. ( ka ) tatrApUrvArthavijJAnaM .. / -kumaaril|| (kha ) pramANavisaMvAdi zAnam |-dhrmkorti, pra. vA0 2 / 1 / 4. samyagzAnaM pramANam / -pra0pa0 pRSTha 51 / 5. ta0 sU0 119, 10 / 6. ki punaH samyagjJAnam ? abhidhIyate-svArthavyavasAyAtmakaM samyagzAnaM samyagjJAnatvAt / -pra0 pa0 pRSTha 53 / 7. (ka) 'sakaladezakAlavyAptasAdhyasAdhanasambaddhohApohalakSaNo hi tarkaH pramANayitavyaH, tasya kathaMcidapUrvArthatvAt / ' -pra0pa0 pRSTha 70 / (kha) smRtiH pramANAntaramuktaM "na cAsAvapramANameva saMvAdakatvAt kthNcidpuurvaarthgraahitvaat| -pra0pa0 pRSTha 67 / (ga) gRhItagrahaNAttako'pramANamiti cenna vai / tasyApUrthiveditvAdupayogavizeSataH // -ta0 zloka0 1 / 13 / 62, pRSTha 165 /

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jaina pramANavAda aura usameM anumAnakA sthAna : 67 vArtha' yA 'anadhigata' vizeSaNakA niveza nahIM kiyA usakA itanA hI tAtparya hai ki pratyakSa to apUrvArthagrAhI hotA hI hai aura anumAnAdi bhI pratyakSAdise agRhota dezakAlAdiviziSTa vastuko viSaya karanese apUrvArtha-grAhaka siddha ho jAte haiN| vidyAnandane jisa apUrvArthako samIkSA kI hai vaha kumArilakA abhipreta sarvathA apUrvArtha hai,' kathaMcid apUrvArtha nahIM / kathaMcid apUrvArtha to unheM iSTa hai / mANikyanandi : vidyAnandake paravartI mANikyanandine2 akalaMka tathA vidyAnanda dvArA svIkRta aura samarthita samantabhadrokta lakSaNako hI apanAyA hai| unhoMne samantabhadrakA 'sva' pada jyoM-kA-tyoM rahane diyA aura 'artha' tathA 'vyavasAyAtmaka' padoMko lekara evaM arthake vizeSaNa rUpase 'apUrva' padako usameM jor3akara 'svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam pramANalakSaNa sRjita kiyA hai| yadyapi 'aparvArtha' vizeSaNa kumArila ke pramANalakSaNameM hama dekha cuke haiM tathApi vaha akalaMka aura vidyAnanda dvArA 'kathaMcid apUrvArtha' ke rUpameM jaina paramparAmeM bhI pratiSThita ho cukA thA / mANikyanandi ne use hI anusRta kiyA hai / mANikyanandikA yaha pramANalakSaNa itanA lokapriya huA ki uttaravartI aneka jaina tArkikoMne use hI kucha AMzika parivartanake sAtha apane tarkagranthoMmeM mUrdhanya sthAna diyA hai| devasUri : devasUrine apanA pramANalakSaNa prAyaH mANikyAnandike pramANalakSaNake AdhArapara likhA hai| hemacandra : hemacandrane ukta lakSaNoMse bhinna pramANalakSaNa aMkita kiyA hai| isameM unhoMne 'sva' padakA samAveza nahIM kiyaa| usakA kAraNa batalAte hue ve kahate haiM ki 1. ta0 zloka0 1 / 10 / 77, 78, 76 / 2. svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANAm / -50 mu0, 1 / 1 / / 3. svaparavyavasAyizAnaM pramANamiti / -pra0 na0 ta0 12 / 4. samyagarthanirNayaH pramANam / -pra0 mI0, 11112 / 5. svanirNayaH sannapyalakSaNam, apramANe'pi bhAvAt / / na hi kAcit zAnamAtrA sAsti yA na svasaMviditA nAma / tato na svanirNayo lakSaNamukto'smAmiH, vRddhastu priibhaarthmupkssiptH| -pra0 mI0, 111 / 3, pR0 4 /

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68 : jaina tarkazAnameM anumAna-vicAra 'svanirNaya' hotA avazya hai kintu vaha pramANa-apramANa sabhI jJAnoMkA sAmAnya dharma hai| ataH use pramANa-lakSaNa meM niviSTa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| koI jJAna aisA nahIM jo svasaMvedI na ho| ataeva hamane use pramANakA lakSaNa nahIM kahA / vRddhoMne jo use pramANa lakSaNa mAnA hai vaha kevala parIkSA athavA svarUpa pradarzanake lie hI / hemacandrane pramANalakSaNameM 'apUrva' padako bhI anAvazyaka batalAyA hai / gRhISyamANa artha ke grAhaka jJAnakI taraha gRhIta artha ke grAhI jJAnako bhI pramANa mAnane meM ve koI bAdhA nahIM dekhte| yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparAke jaina tAkikoMne pramANalakSaNameM 'apUrva' vizeSaNa svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| dharmabhUSaNa : abhinava dharma bhUSaNane vidyAnandakI taraha samyagjJAnako hI pramANakA lakSaNa pratipAdana kiyA hai / para unhoMne usakA samarthana evaM doSa-parihAra mANikyanandike 'svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam' isa pramANalakSaNa ke AlokameM hI kiyA hai| tathya yaha hai ki ve samantabhadra ke lakSaNa ko bhI smaraNa rakhate haiN| isa taraha dharmabhUSaNane pramANake lakSaNako savikalpaka, agrahItagrAhI evaM svArthavyavasAyAtmaka siddha kiyA hai tathA dharmakoti, prabhAkara, bhATTa aura naiyAyikoMke pramANalakSaNoMkI samAlocanA kI hai| niSkarSa : ___ uparyukta vivecanase hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki jaina paramparAmeM samyakjJAnako pramANa mAnA hai aura use svaparavyavasAyAtmaka batalAyA gayA hai| kucha granthakAra usameM 'apUrva' vizeSaNakA bhI niveza karake use agrahItagrAhI prakaTa karate haiN| unakA mata hai ki jitane bhI pramANa haiM ve saba naye ( anizcita evaM samAropita ) viSayako grahaNa karake apanI vizeSatA sthApita karate haiN| smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumAna aura Agama ye vastuke una aMzoMko grahaNa karate haiM jo pUrvajJAnoMse agrahIta rahate haiN| udAharaNArtha anubhavake pazcAt hone vAlI smRti bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna kAloMmeM vyApta vastuke atIta aMzako viSaya karatI hai jaba ki anubhava vartamAna vastvaMzako / smaraNa rahe ki aMzake sAtha aMzI anusyUta rahatA hai| yahI pratyabhijJA Adiko sthiti hai / ataH ye 1. gRhISyamANagrAhiNa iva gRhotagrAhiNo'pi nAprAmANyam / -pra0 mI0, 11144, pR0 4 / 2. samyagjJAnaM pramANam / -nyA0 dI. pRSTha hai| 3. zAnaM tu svaparAvabhAsakaM pradIpAdivatpratItam / -vahI. pRSTha 12, 1113 / 4. vahI, pRSTha 18-22 /

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jaina pramANavAda aura usameM anumAnakA sthAna : 69 granthakAra pramANalakSaNameM 'apUrva', 'anadhigata', 'anizcita', 'anirNIta' aura 'ajJAta' jaisA vizeSaNa Avazyaka samajhate haiM / isa zreNI meM akalaMka, vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi, prabhAcandra aura dharmabhUSaNa prabhRti vidvAna haiM / para katipaya granthalekhaka ukta padako Avazyaka nahIM samajhate / inakA mantavya hai ki pramANa gRhItagrAhI bhI rahe to usase usakA prAmANya samApta nahIM hotA / yaha vicAra devasUri, hemacandra prabhRti tArkikoMkA hai / itanA tathya hai ki pramANako 'svArtha vyavasAyAtmaka' sabhIne svIkAra kiyA hai / (gha) pramANa-bheda : ukta pramANa kitane prakArakA hai aura usake bhedoMkA sarvaprathama pratipAdana karanevAlI paramparA kyA hai ? dArzanika granthoMkA AloDana karanepara jJAta hotA hai ki pramANake pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura zabda ina cAra bhedoMko parigaNanA karanevAle nyAyasUtrakAra gautamase bhI pUrva pramANake aneka bhedoMkI mAnyatA rahI hai, kyoMki unhoMne aitihya, arthApatti, sambhava aura abhAva ina cArakA spaSTa rUpameM ullekha karake unako atirikta pramANatAkI samIkSA kI hai tathA zabda meM aitihyakA aura anumAna meM zeSa tInakA antarbhAva pradarzita kiyA hai / prazastapAdane pratyakSa aura anumAna ina do pramANoMkA hI samarthana karate hue ullikhita zabda Adi pramArNokA inhIM do meM samAveza kiyA hai / tathA ceSTA, nirNaya, Arpa ( prAtibha ) aura siddhadarzanako bhI inhIM ke antargata siddha kiyA hai / 4 prazastapAdase pUrva kaNAdane pratyakSa aura laiGgikake atirikta anya pramANoMkI koI sambhAvanA yA gautamakI taraha unake samAvezAdikI carcA nahIM ko / isase pratIta hotA hai ki pramANake ukta do bhedoMkI mAnyatA prAcIna hai / cArvAka ke " mAtra anumAna - samIkSaNa aura kevala eka pratyakSa ke samarthanase bhI yahI avagata hotA hai / jo ho, itanA tathya hai ki pratyakSa aura anumAna ina doko vaizeSikoM aura 1. gRhoSyamANagrAhiNa iva gRhItagrAhiNo'pi nAprAmANyam / - pra0 mo0, 1:14, pRSTha 4 / 2. na catuSTvam aitihyArthApattisambhavAbhAvaprAmANyAt / zabda aitihyAnarthAntarabhAvAdanumA'rthApattisambhavAbhAvAnarthAntarabhAvAccApratiSedhaH / -nyA0 sU0 2/2/1, 2 1 3. zabdAdInAmapyanumAne'ntarbhAvaH samAnavidhitvAt / ... / -praza0 bhA0 pRSTha 106 - 111 / 4. bahI, pRSTha 127-129 / 5. mAdhavAcArya, sarvada0 saM0 ( cArvAkadarzana), pRSTha 3 / 6. tayorniSpattiH pratyakSalaiMgika / bhyAm / - kaNAda, vai0 sU0 10 / 1 / 3 /

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70 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna vicAra bauddhoMne'; pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda ina tInako sAMkhyoMne 2; upamAna sahita cArako naiyAyikoMne aura arthApatti tathA abhAva sahita chaha prayANoMko jaiminIyoM (mImAMsakoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| Age calakara jaiminIya do sampradAyoMmeM vibhakta ho gaye-1 bhATTa aura 2 prAbhAkara / bhATToMne to chaho pramANoMko mAnya kiyaa| para prAbhAkaroMne abhAvako chor3a diyA tathA zeSa pAMca pramANoMko svIkAra kiyaa| isIse bhATTa mImAMsaka chaha pramANavAdI aura prAbhAkara pAMca pramANavAdoke rUpameM vizruta haiN| isa taraha vibhinna darzanoMmeM pramANabhedako mAnyatAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN|" (Ga ) jaina nyAyameM pramANake bheda : jaina nyAyameM pramANake sambhAvya bhedoMpara vistRta UhApoha upalabdha hai / zvetAmbara paramparAke bhagavatIsUtra meM cAra pramANoMkA ullekha hai ... pratyakSa, 2 anumAna, 3 upamAna aura 4 Agama / isI prakAra sthAnAMmasUtrameM pramANazabdake sthAnama hetu zabdakA prayoga karake usake uparyukta pratyakSAdi cAra bhedoMkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna kAlameM hetuzabda pramANake artha meM bhI prayukta hotA thaa| carakameM hetuzabdase pramANoMkA nirdeza huA hai| isake atirikta upAyahRdayameM bhI 'evaM catvAro 1. pratyakSamanumAnaM ca pramANaM hi dvilakSaNam / prameyaM tatprayogArtha na pramANAntaraM bhavet / / -diGnAga, pra0 sa0 ( pra0 pari0 ) kA0 2, pR0 4 / 2. dRSTamanumAnamAptavacanaM ca sarvapramANasiddhatvAt / trividhaM pramANamiSTaM prameyasiddhiH pramANAddhi // -Izvara kRSNa, saaNkhykaa04|| 3. pratyakSAnumAnopamAnazabdAH pramANAni / -gautama akSapAda, nyAyasU0 1 / 1 / 3 / 4. zAbarabhA0 111 / 5 / 5. jaimineH SaT pramANAni catvAri nyAyavAdinaH / sAMkhyasya trINi vAcyAni dve vaizeSikabauddhayoH / -anantavIrya, prameyaratna0 2 / 2 ke TippaNameM uddhata padya, pRSTha 43 / 6. 'ahavA heU caunvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-paccakkhe aNumANe ovamme Agame / ' -sthA0 sU0 338 / 7. 'goyamA-se ki taM pamANaM ? pamANe caunvihe paNNAtte-taM jahA paccakkhe aNamANe ovamme Agame jahA aNuogaddAre tahA NeyavvaM pamANaM / bha0 sU0 5 / 3 / 111-192 / 8. atha heturnAma upalabdhikAraNaM tat pratyakSamanumAnamaitighamaupamyamiti / -caraka0 vimAnasthAna ma08, sU0 33 / 9. upAyahRdaya pR0 14 /

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jaina pramANavAda aura usameM anumAnakA sthAna : 71 hetavaH' kaha kara pramANoMko hetu kahA hai / sthAnAMgasUtrameM eka dUsarI jagaha vyavasAyake tIna bhedoM dvArA pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama ina tIna pramANoMkA bhI kathana kiyA hai / sambhava hai siddhasena aura haribhadrake tIna pramANoMkI mAnyatAkA AdhAra yahI sthAnAMga ho / zrI dalasukha mAlavaNiyAkA mantavya hai ki uparyukta cAra pramANa naiyAyikAdisammata aura tIna pramANa sAMkhyAdisvIkRta paramparAmUlaka hoM to Azcarya nahIM / isa prakAra bhagavatIsUtra aura sthAnAGgameM cAra aura tIna pramANoMkA ullekha hai, jo lokAnusaraNakA sUcaka hai / para AgamoMmeM mUlataH jJAna-mImAMsA hI prastuta hai / SaTkhaNDAgama meM vistRta jJAna-mImAMsA dI gayI hai / vahA~ tIna prakArake mithyAjJAnoM aura pA~ca prakArake samyagjJAnoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai tathA unheM vastuparicchedaka batAyA gayA hai / yadyapi vahA~ pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa zabda athavA usa rUpameM vibhAjana dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / para eka vargake jJAnoMko samyak aura dUsare varga ke jJAnoMko mithyA pratipAdita karanese avagata hotA hai ki jo jJAna samyak kahe gaye haiM ve samyak paricchitti karAne se pramANa tathA ji.heM mithyA batAyA gayA hai ve mithyA jJAna karAne pramANa ( pramANAbhAsa ) iSTa haiN| hamAre isa kathana kI saMpuSTi tattvArtha sUtrakArake nimna pratipAdana se bhI hotI haiM matizrutAvadhimanaH paryaya kevalAni jJAnam / tatpramANe / mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala ye pA~ca jJAna samyakjJAna haiM aura ve pramANa haiM / Azaya yaha ki SaTkhaNDAgamameM pramANa aura pramANAbhAsarUpase jJAnoMkA 1. 'tivihe vavasAya paNNatte --taM jahA paccakkhe paccatite ANugamie / ' -sthA0 sU0 185 / 2. nyAyAba0 kA0 8 / 3. ane0 ja0 TI0 pR0 142, 215 / 4. AgamayugakA jainadarzana pR0 136 - 138 / 5. NANANuvAdeNa atthi madi - aNNANI suda-aNNANI vibhaMga NANI AbhiNivAhiya NANI sudANI ohi NANAM maNapajjava NANI kevalaNANI cedi / ( jJAnako apekSA mati avadhijJAna, manaH paryajJAna mithyAjJAna aura ajJAna, kSuta- ajJAna, vibhaMgajJAna, AbhinibodhikajJAna, zrutajJAna, yajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye ATha jJAna haiN| inameM Adike tIna antima pAMca jJAna samyagjJAna haiN| ) -- bhUtabalI - puppadanta, SaTkha0 111115 / 6, 7. gRddhapiccha, ta0 sU0 19,10 /

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02 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra vivecana na honepara bhI usa samayakI pratipAdanazailIke' anusAra jo usameM pAMca jJAnoMko samyagjJAna aura tIna jJAnoMko mithyAjJAna kahA gayA hai vaha pramANa tathA pramANAbhAsakA avabodhaka hai / rAjapraznIya, nandIsUtra aura bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI jJAnamImAMsA pAyI jAtI hai| isa prakAra samyagjJAna yA pramANake mati, zrata Adi pAMca bhedoMkI paramparA AgamameM upalabdha hotI hai / para itara darzanoMke lie vaha ajJAta evaM alaukika jaisI rahI, kyoMki anya darzanoMke pramANa-nirUpaNake sAtha usakA mela nahIM khAtA / ataH aise prayatnakI AvazyakatA thI ki AgamakA samanvaya bhI ho jAe aura anya darzanoMke pramANa-nirUpaNake sAtha usakA mela bhI baiTha jaae| isa dizAmeM sarvaprathama dArzanikarUpase tattvArthasUtrakArane samAdhAna prastuta kiyaa| unhoMne tattvArthasUtrameM jJAnamImAMsAko nibaddha karate hue spaSTa kahA ki jo mati Adi pAMca jJAnarUpa samyajJAna varNita hai vaha pramANa hai aura mUlameM vaha do bhedarUpa hai-1. pratyakSa aura 2. parokSa / arthAt AgamameM jina pA~ca jJAnoMko samyagjJAna kahA gayA hai ve pramANa haiM tathA unameM mati aura zruta ye do jJAna parasApekSa honese parokSa tathA avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ye tIna parasApekSa na hone evaM AtmamAtrako apekSAse honeke kAraNa pratyakSa pramANa haiM / AcArya gRddhapicchakI yaha pramANa yayojanA itanI vicArayukta tathA kauzalyapUrNa huI ki pramANoMkA Anantya bhI inhIM domeM samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| unhoMne atisaMkSepameM mati, smRti, saMjJA ( pratyabhijJAna ), cintA ( tarka ) aura abhinibodha ( anumAna ko bhI pramANAntara honekA saMketa karake aura unheM matijJAna kahakara 'Aye parokSam' sUtradvArA unakA parokSa pramANameM samAveza kiyA, kyoMki ye sabhI jJAna parasApekSa haiM / vaizeSikoM aura bauddhoMne bhI pramANadvaya svIkAra kiyA hai para unakA pramANa 1. vaizeSikadarzanake pravataka kaNAdane bhI isI zaMlIse buddhike avidyA aura vidyA ye do bheda batalAkara avidyAke saMzaya Adi cAra tathA vidyAke pratyakSAdi cAra meda kahe haiM tathA dUSita jJAna ( mithyAzAna ) ko avidyA aura nidoSa jJAna ( samyagjJAna )ko vidyAkA lakSaNa pratipAdana kiyA hai| -dekhie, vaize0 sU0 9 / 2 / 7,8,10 se 13 tathA 101113 / 2. yadyapi sthAnAMga ( 2, pR0 46, e ) aura bhagavatI (5, u. 3, bhAga 2, pRSTha 211) meM bhI pratyakSa-parAkSarUpa pramANadvayakA vibhAga nirdiSTa hai, para use paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI niyuktikAra bhadrabAhuke bAdakA mAnate haiM jinakA samaya vikramakI chaThI zatAbdI hai| dekhie-pramANamI0 Ti0 pRSTha 20 / 3. 'matizrutAvadhimanaHparyayakevalAni zAnam / ' 'tatpramANe, 'Adhe parokSam', pratyakSamanyat / ' -vaho0 19, 10,11,12 / 4. vahI, 1114 /

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jaina pramANavAda aura usameM anumAnakA sthAna : 03 dvaya pratyakSa aura anumAnarUpa hai aura anumAnameM smRti, pratyabhijJAna aura tarkakA samAveza sambhava nahIM hai / ataH A0 gRddha picchane use svIkAra na kara pratyakSa aura parokSarUpa pramANadvayakA vyApaka vibhAga pratiSThita kiyaa| uttaravartI jaina tAkikoM ke lie unakA yaha vibhAga AdhAra siddha huaa| prAyaH sabhIne apanI kRtiyoMmeM usIke anusAra jJAnamImAMsA aura pramANamImAMsA upasthita kI hai| pUjyapAdane nyAyadarzana Adi darzanoMmeM pRthaka pramANake rUpameM svIkRta upamAna, arthApatti aura Agama Adi pramANoMko parasApekSa honese parokSa meM antarbhAva kiyA aura tattvArthasUtrakArake pramANadvayakA samarthana kiyA hai| akalaMkane bhI isa pramANadvayakI sampuSTi kI, sAtha hI naye AlokameM pratyakSa-parokSakI paribhASAoM aura unake bhedoMkA bhI bahuta spaSTatAke sAtha pratipAdana kiyA hai| parokSako spaSTa saMkhyA hameM sarvaprathama unake granthoM meM hI upalabdha hotI hai aura pratyekake lakSaNa bhI vahIM milate haiN| lagatA hai ki gRddhapiccha aura akalaMkane jo pramANa-nirUpaNako dizA pradarzita kI usIpara uttaravartI jaina tArkika cale haiN| vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi", hemacandra aura dharmabhUSaNa' prabhRti tArkikoMne unakA anugamana kiyA aura unake kathanako pallavita kiyA hai| smaraNIya hai ki A0 gRddha picchake isa pratyakSa-parokSa pramANadvaya vibhAgase kucha bhinna pramANadvayakA pratipAdana bhI hameM jaina darzanameM upalabdha hotA hai| vaha pratipAdana hai svAmI samantabhadrakA / svAmI samantabhadrane pramANa ( kevalajJAna )kA 1. ata upamAnAgamAdInAmatraivAntarbhAvaH / -pUjyapAda, sa0 si0 1111 / 2. pratyakSaM vizadaM zAnaM mukhyasaMvyavahArataH / parokSaM zeSavijJAnaM pramANe iti saMgrahaH / -akalaMka, laghIya0 1 / 3 / zAnasyaiva vizadanirbhAsinaH pratyakSatvam, itarasya parokSatA / -laghIya0 svo0 vR0 13 / 3. zAnamAdyaM matiH saMjJA cintA cAbhinivAdhikam / prAD nAmayojanAt zeSaM zrutaM zabdAnuyojanAt // -laghoya0 1111, tathA 3 / 61 / 4. vidyAnanda, pra0 pa0, pR0 66 / 5. mANikyanandi, pa0 gu0 111, 2 tathA 31, 2 / 6. pra. mI0 11111, 10 tathA 1 / 2 / 1,2 / 7. nyA. do0 pratyakSa prakAza, pR0 23 tathA parokSaprakAza pR0 53 / 8. tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapatsarvabhAsanam / kramabhAvi ca yazAnaM syAdvAdanayasaMskRtam // -samantabhadra, A0 mI0 kA0 101 / 10

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74 : jaina takazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra svarUpa yugapatsarvabhAsI tattvajJAna batalAkara aise jJAnako akramabhAvo aura kramazaH alpaparicchedI jJAnako kramabhAvI kahakara pramANako do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| samantabhadrake ina do bhedoMmeM jahA~ akramabhAji mAtra kevala hai aura kramabhAvi mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaHparyaya ye cAra jJAna abhimata haiM vahA~ gRddhapicchake pratyakSa aura parokSa ina do pramANabhedoMmeM pratyakSa to avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ye tIna jJAna haiM tathA parokSa mati aura zruta ye do jJAna iSTa haiM / pramANabhedoMkI ina donoM vicAradhArAoMmeM vastubhUta koI antara nahIM hai / gRddhapicchakA nirUpaNa jahA~ jJAnakAraNoMkI sApekSatA aura nirapekSatApara AdhRta hai vahA~ samantabhadrakA pratipAdana viSayAdhigamake krama aura akramapara nirbhara hai| padArthoM-jJeyoMkA kramase honevAlA jJAna kramabhAvi aura yugapat hone vAlA akramabhAvi pramANa hai / para isa vibhAgako apekSA gRddhapicchakA pramANadvaya vibhAga adhika prasiddha aura tArkikoM dvArA anusata huA hai| ( ca ) parokSa-pramANakA digdarzana : pramANake prathama bheda pratyakSake svarUpa aura usake bheda-prabhedoMko yahA~ carcA na kara prakRta anumAnase sambaddha usake dUsare bheda parokSakI paribhASA aura usake bhedoM para saMkSepameM prakAza DAlA jAtA hai| pUjyapAdane parokSakI paribhASA nimna prakAra prastuta kI hai parANIndriyANi manazca prakAzopadezAdi ca bAhyanimittaM pratItya tadAvaraNakarmakSayopazamApekSasyAtmano matizrutaM utpadyamAnaM prokssmityaakhyaayte'| 'parokSa' padameM sthita 'para' zabdase AtmAtirikta indriyoM, mana tathA prakAza aura upadeza Adi bAhya nimittoMkA grahaNa vivakSita hai| unakI sahAyatA tathA matijJAnAvaraNa aura zrutajJAnAvaraNakarma ke kSayopazama ( ISad abhAva )kI apekSAse AtmAmeM jo matijJAna aura zrutajJAna utpanna hote haiM ve parokSa kahe jAte haiM / tAtparya yaha ki parAdhIna jJAnoMko parokSa' kahate haiM / isa paribhASAke anusAra indriyajanya aura manojanya jJAna, jinheM itaradarzanoMmeM indriyapratyakSa aura mAnasapratyakSa kahA gayA hai, parokSa haiN| smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumAna, upamAna, arthApatti aura Agama ye jJAna bhI parasApekSa honese parokSa meM parigaNita haiN| parasApekSa 1. sa. si0 1111, pR0 101 / 2. kuto'sya parokSatvam ? parAyatatvAt / -vaho, 1 / 11, pR0 101 / 3. taccaturvidham / indriyajJAnam / svaviSayAnantaraviSayasahakAriNendriyazAnena samanantara pratyayena janitaM tanmanovijJAnam / -dharmakIrti, nyA. bi0 pra0 pari0 pRSTha 12,13 / 4. paMcavidhasyApyasya parokSasya pratyayAntarasApekSatvenaivotpattiH / -dharmabhUSaNa, nyA. do0 50 53 /

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jaina pramANavAda aura usameM anumAnakA sthAna : 75 hone vAle yadi aura bhI jJAna hoM to ve saba parokSAntargata hI haiM / isa prakAra parokSakA kSetra bahuta vistRta aura vyApaka hai / isake mukhyatayA pA~ca bheda mAne gaye haiN| 4 anumAna aura 5 Agama / - -1 smRti, 2 pratyabhijJAna, 3 tarka pUrvAnubhUta vastuke smaraNako smRti kahate haiM / 2 yathA 'vaha' isa prakArase ullikhita hone vAlA jJAna / anubhava tathA smaraNapUrvaka hone vAlA jor3arUpa jJAna pratyabhijJA yA pratyabhijJAna yA saMjJA hai / jaise- 'yaha vahI devadatta hai' athavA 'gauke samAna gavaya hotA hai' yA 'gose bhinna mahiSa hotA hai' Adi / upamAna pramANa isIkA eka bheda - sAdRzyapratyamijJAna hai / anvaya aura vyatirekapUrvaka hone vAlA vyaptikA jJAna tarka hai / isoko Uha athavA cintA bhI kahA gayA hai / isakA udAharaNa hai-- isake hone para hI yaha hotA hai aura nahIM hone para nahIM ho hotA / jaise - agni ke hone para hI dhUma hotA hai aura agnike abhAvameM dhUma nahIM hotA / nizcita sAdhyAvinAbhAvI sAdhanase hone vAlA sAdhyakA jJAna anumAna kahalAhA hai / " yathA -- dhUmase agnikA jJAna karanA / zabda, saMketa Adi pUrvaka jo jJAna hotA hai vaha Agama hai / jaise - 'meru Adika hai' zabdoMko suna kara sumeru parvata AdikA bodha hotA hai| ye sabhI jJAna jJAnAntarApekSa haiM / " smaraNameM anubhava; pratyabhijJAna meM anubhava tathA smaraNa; tarka meM anubhava, smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAna; anumAna meM liMgadarzana, vyAptismaraNa aura AgamameM zabda evaM saMketAdi apekSita haiM, unake binA unakI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai / ataeva ye aura isa jAtike anya sApekSa jJAna parokSa pramANa mAne gaye haiM / " isa prakAra anumAnako jainadarzana meM parokSa pramANakA eka bheda svIkAra kiyA hai / 1. pratyakSAdinimittaM smRtipratyabhijJAnatarkAnumAnAgamamedam / - mANikyanandi, pa0 mu0 3 / 2 / 2. vahI, 33,4 / 3. vahI, 3 5,6 / 4. vahI, 3 7, 8, 6 / 5. vahI, 3 10, 11 / 6. vahI, 3 65, 96, 97 / 7. akalaMka, laghIya 0 svo0 vR0 kA0 10 / 8. 'arthApattiranumAnAt pramANAntaraM naveti kinnazcintayA sarvasya parokSe'ntarbhAvAt / ' - akalaMka, laghIya0 svo0 vR0 kA0 21 /

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dvitIya pariccheda anumAna-samIkSA pramANasAmAnyake anucintana aura parokSa-bhedoMke digdarzanake uparAnta aba hama anumAnake mUlarUpa, usakI AvazyakatA evaM mahattva, usako paribhASA aura kSetravistArapara vicAra prastuta kareMge / ( ka ) anumAnakA mUlarUpa : jainAgamake Aloka meM : yaha likhA gayA hai ki AcArya gRddhapicchane AgamameM varNita mati, zruta Adi pAMca jJAnoM ko do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai- 1. pratyakSa aura 2. parokSa / mati aura zruta ina doko unhoMne parokSa tathA avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala ina tIna jJAnoMko pratyakSa pramANa batalAyA hai / gRddhapicchane yaha bhI kahA hai ki mati ( avagrahAdirUpa anubhava )2, smRti, saMjJA ( pratyabhijJAna ), cintA ( tarka ) aura abhinibodha ye pAMca jJAna indriyoM tathA manakI sahAyatAse utpanna hone ke kAraNa matijJAnake paryAya haiM / - inameM Aya cAra jJAna to anya darzanoM meM bhI prasiddha haiM - bhale hI unheM una darzanoMmeM pramANa yA apramANa mAnA gayA ho / parantu 'abhinibodha' saMjJaka jJAna una darzanoMmeM prApta nahIM hai tathA cArvAkake atirikta zeSa sabhI darzanoMmeM svIkRta aura sabase adhika prasiddha anumAna ukta mati Adi pAMca jJAnoMke madhya meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / ataH vicAraNIya hai ki purAtana jaina paramparA meM anumAnako mAnA gayA hai yA nahIM ? yadi mAnA gayA hai to A0 gRddhapicchane tattvArtha sUtra meM smRti Adi jJAnoMkA nirUpaNa karate samaya usakA nirdeza kyoM nahIM kiyA ? ina mahattva - pUrNa praznoMpara cintana evaM anveSaNa karaneke uparAnta jo tathya upalabdha hue haiM unheM hama yahA~ prastuta kara rahe haiM 1. gRddhapiccha, ta0 sU0 1 / 14 / 2. avagrehAvAyadhAraNAH / vahI, 115 / 3. tadidriyAnindriyanimittam / 4. - vahI, 114 / bauddhAdi darzanoM meM anubhavako to pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai, para smRtyAdiko apramANa mAnA hai /

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anumAna - samIkSA : 77 ( 1 ) prAcIna jaina paramparAmeM anumAna pramANako svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / tattvArtha sUtra meM yadyapi 'anumAna' zabda upalabdha nahIM hotA, para usakA nirdeza 'abhinibodha' zabda ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / yaha 'abhinibodha' hI anumAnakA prAcIna mUla rUpa hai aura use parokSa pramANake antargata parigaNita kiyA gayA hai / ( 2 ) 'abhinibodha' anumAnakA prAcIna rUpa hai, isa kathanakI puSTi akalaMka, vidyAnanda aura zrutasAgara prabhRti vyAkhyAkAroMkI vyAkhyAoMse hotI hai / akalaMkane laghIyastrayameM eka kArikAko vyAkhyAke prasaMga meM 'abhinibodha' kA vyAkhyAna 'anumAna' kiyA hai 1 'avisaMvAdasmRteH phalasya hetutvAt pramANaM dhAraNA smRtiH saMjJAyAH pratyavamarzasya / saMjJA cintAyAH takasya / cintA abhinibodhasya anumAnAdeH: ' / ' yahA~ akalaMkane abhinibodhakA artha 'anumAna' diyA hai / vidyAnanda tattvArtha zlokatrArtika meM abhinibodhazabdako vyutpatti dvArA usakA anumAna artha phalita karate haiM aura AgamameM 'abhinibodha' zabda matijJAnasAmAnya ke artha meM prayukta honese utpanna siddhAnta - virodhakA ve parihAra bhI karate haiM / yathA tatsAdhyAbhimukho bodhI niyataH sAdhanena yaH / kRto'nindriyayuktenAbhinibodhaH sa lakSitaH // 2 * isa vArtikakI vyAkhyA meM unhoMne likhA hai ki sAdhyAvinAbhAvI sAdhanase jo zakya, abhipreta aura asiddharUpa sAdhyakA jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna hai / aura yaha anumAna hI abhinibodhakA lakSaNa ( svarUpa ) hai, kyoMki sAdhya koTi meM praviSTa aura niyamita arthake manasahita sAdhana dvArA hone vAle abhibodha ( jJAna ko afbhafnabodha kahA jAtA hai / yadyapi Agama meM abhinibodha zabda matijJAnasAmAnya ke artha meM AyA hai, svArthAnumAnarUpa matijJAnavizeSake artha meM nahIM, tathApi prakaraNavizeSa aura zabdAntarake saMnidhAna Adise sAmAnyazabda kI pravRtti vizeSa meM bhI dekhI jAtI hai / jaise 'go' zabda zyAmA, kRSNA Adi govizeSake artha meM prayukta hotA huA dekhA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki abhinibodha zabda matijJAnasAmAnyavAcI hote hue bhI prakaraNavaza svArthAnumAnarUpa matijJAnavizeSakA bodhaka hai / vidyAnanda isI grantha meM Age aura spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM 1. laghoya0 svo0 vR0 kA0 10 / 2. ta0 ilA0 1 / 13 / 122, pRSTha 197, 198 / 3. SaTkha0 1 1 115 tathA 119 - 1 / 14 aura 5 / 5 / 21 Adi /

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78 : jaina tarkazAbameM anumAna-vicAra yaH sAdhyAmimukho bodhaH sAdhanenAnindriyasahakAriNA niyamita: so'minibodhaH svArthAnamAnamiti / mana sahakRta sAdhana dvArA jo sAdhyAbhimukha evaM niyamita bodha hotA hai vaha abhinibodha hai aura yaha svArthAnumAna hai| yahA~ vidyAnanda dvArA eka mahattvapUrNa zaMkA-samAdhAna bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zaMkAkAra zaMkA karatA hai ki indriya aura mana donoMse honevAlA niyamita aura svaviSayAbhimukha bodha hI abhinibodha prasiddha hai na ki kevala mana sahakRta liMgase honevAlA liMgIkA niyamita bodha / anyathA smRti, pratyabhijJAna aura tarka ye abhinibodha nahIM ho skeNge| aisI sthitimeM aparihArya siddhAntavirodha AtA hai ? isakA samAdhAna upasthita karate hue vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki hama abhinibodhakA yaha vyAkhyAna nahIM kara rahe ki liMgajanya hI baudha abhinibodha hai, apitu yaha kaha rahe haiM ki zabdayojanAse rahita liMgajanya bodha abhinibodha ho hai / isa prakArake kathanase liMgajanya bodhako alaga pramANa nahIM mAnanA par3egA aura siddhAntakA saMgraha bhI ho jaaegaa| indriya aura mana donoMse ho hone vAlA svaviSayAbhimukha evaM niyamita bodha abhinibodha hai, aisA siddhAnta nahIM hai, anyathA smRti Adi abhinibodha nahIM mAne jA sakeMge, kyoMki ve manase hI utpanna hote hai / ataH manase bhI utpanna hone vAlA bodha abhinibodha siddhAntasammata hai| vidyAnandake isa vistRta evaM vizada vivecanase spaSTa hai ki tattvArthasUtrameM matijJAnake paryAyanAmoMmeM paThita abhinibodhase svArthAnumAnakA grahaNa abhipreta hai| vidyAnanda balapUrvaka yaha bhI kahate haiM ki yadi liMgaja bodha-svArthAnumAnako abhinibodha nahIM mAnA jAegA to usakA smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarkama antarbhAva na honese use alaga pramANa svIkAra karanA par3egA / ataH hamane liMgaja bodhako abhi 1. indriyAnindriyAbhyAM niyamitaH kRtaH svaviSayAbhimukho bAdhA'bhinirodhaH prasiddho na punaranindriyasahakAriNA liMgena liMginiryAmata: kevala eva...... / satyaM svAthAnumAnaM tu vinA yacchabdayAjanAt / tanmAnAntaratAM mAgAditi vyAkhyAyate tathA / / na hi liMgaja eva bodho'minibodha iti vyaackssyhe| ki tarhi / liMgajo bAghaH zabdayojanarahito'minibodha eveti tasya pramANAntaratvanivRttiH kRtA bhavati siddhAntazca saMgRhItaH syAta / -ta0 zlo0 bhA0 1 / 13 / 387.388, pR0 216 / 1. akalaMkadeva bhI smRti, pratyamizA, tarka aura abhinibodha ina cAroM zAnoMko manojanya

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anumAna-samIkSA : 79 nibodhakA vyAkhyAna kiyA hai / isase pramANAntara nahIM mAnanA par3egA aura isameM siddhAntakA koI virodha bhI nahIM hai / vidyAnandane yahI pratipAdana atisaMkSepameM pramANaparIkSAmeM bhI kiyA hai|' itanA vizeSa hai ki vahA~ parArtha anumAnako zrotramatijJAna-pUrvaka honeke kAraNa zrutajJAna ( akSara aura anakSara donoM ) batalAyA hai| tathA vacanAtmaka parArtha anumAnakI mImAMsA karate hue use upacArase parArtha anumAna kahA hai| zrutasAgarasUrine bhI abhinibodhakA artha anumAna kiyA hai / ina vyAkhyAkAroMke anusAra spaSTa hai ki tattvArthasUtrameM abhinibogha zabda svArthAnumAnakA bodhaka hai| ( 3 ) dhavalAkAra vIrasenane abhinibodhako do vibhinna sthAnoMpara vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI haiM / hama donoM sthAnoMkI vyAkhyAe~ yahA~ de rahe haiN| ___himuha-Niyamiya-atthAvaboho aabhinniboho|thuulvmaann-annNtaard-asthaa bhhimuhaa| cakkhidie rUvaM NiyamidaM, sodidie saho, ghANidie gaMdho, ji. bhidie ramo, phAsiMdie phAsI, jAiMdie diTTha-sudANubhUdatthA NiyamidA / ahimuhaNiyamiThesu jo bodho so ahinnibodho|| abhimakha aura niyamita artha ke avabodhako abhinibodha kahate haiM / sthUla, vartamAna aura anantarita arthAt vyavadhAnarahita arthoko abhimukha kahate haiN| cakSurindriyameM rUpa niyamita hai, zrotrendriyameM zabda, ghrANendriyameM gandha, jihvendriyameM rasa sparzanendriyameM sparza aura noindriya arthAt manameM dRSTa, zruta aura anubhUta padArtha pratipAdana karate hai(ka) anindriya pratyakSaM smRtisaMzAcintAbhinibAdhAtmakam / -laghoya. strI0 vR0 kA0 61, / / (kha) manAmaterapi smRtipratyabhijJAnacintA'bhinibodhAtmikAyAH kAraNamatiparicchinnArthaviSayatvAt / -vahI0, kA0 66 / 1. tadetatsAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnamanumAnaM svArthamabhinibodhalakSaNaM viziSTamatijJAnam, sAdhyaM pratyabhimukhAniyamitAtsAdhanAdupajAtavodhasya tarkaphalasyAminibodha iti saMzApratipAdanAt parAyamanumAnamanakSarazrutazAnaM akSarazrutazAnaM ca, tasya zrotramatipUrvakasya tra tthaatvaapptte:| -pra0pa0 pR0 76 / 2. dhUmAdidarzanAdagnyAdipratItiranumAnamabhinibodha abhidhiiyte| -tattvA0 vR0 1 / 13, pR0 61 / 3. 50 To0, 1 / 4 / 1 / 14 /

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80 : jaina tarkazAstra meM niyamita haiM / isa prakAra ke abhimukha aura niyamita padArthoM meM jo bodha hotA hai vaha abhinibodha hai | dUsare sthAnapara abhinibodhakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra upalabdha hotI hai tattha ahimuha-Niyamidasthassa bohaNamAbhiNibohiyaM NAma NANaM / ko ahimuhattho ? iMdiyoM diyANaM gahaNapAoggo / kudo tassa niyamo ? aNNastha appattado / asthiMdiyAloguvajogehiMto ceva mANusesu rUvaNANuppattI / asthidiyaujajogehiMto cetra rasa-gaMdha-sada- phAsaNANuSpattI / diTTha- sudANubhUdaTTa-maNehiMto iMdiyApattI / eso ettha niyamo / edeNa niyameNa abhimuhatthesu jamuppajjadi NANaM tamAbhiNibAMhiyaNANaM NAma / ' - vicAra anumAna - isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki abhimukha aura niyamita arthakA jo jJAna hotA hai use AbhinibodhikajJAna kahate haiM / abhimukhakA artha hai indriya aura goindriyake dvArA grahaNa karane yogya artha aura niyamitakA Azaya hai abhimukhako chor3a kara anyatra indriya aura noindriyakI pravRtti na honA / arthAt artha, indriya, Aloka aura upayogake dvArA manuSyoMko rUpajJAna hotA hai / arthaM, indriya aura upayogake dvArA rasa, gandha, zabda aura sparzajJAnakI utpatti hotI hai / dRSTa, zruta aura anubhUta artha tathA manake dvArA noindriyajJAna utpanna hotA hai, yaha yahA~ niyama hai -- niyamitakA artha hai / isa niyama ke anusAra abhimukha arthoMkA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha Abhinibodhika jJAna hai / abhinibodhakI ina donoM vyAkhyAoMmeM yadyapi svArthAnumAna artha parilakSita nahIM hotA tathApi yaha spaSTa hai ki dRSTa, zruta aura anubhUta arthakA mana dvArA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha bhI abhinibodha hai / smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna ( svArtha ) cAroM jJAna yataH dRSTa, zruta aura anubhUta artha meM ho mana dvArA hote haiM, ataH ina saba jJAnoMko abhinibodha kahA jA sakatA hai| akalaMkadevane ? ina jJAnoMko manomatijJAna athavA anindriya pratyakSa kahA hai| tathya yaha hai ki unhoMne jJAnavizeSake artha meM abhinibodhako diyA hai / aura isIse unhoMne smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka inake svatantra nirdezake sAtha abhinibodhakA bhI svatantra ullekha karake una sabhIko anindriyapratyakSa athavA manomati pratipAdita kiyA hai| unakA abhipreta vaha jJAnavizeSa svArthAnumAna hI sambhava hai / vIrasena dvArA abhinibodhakA matijJAnasAmAnya artha kiyA jAnA svAbhAvika hai, kyoMki ve jisa SaTkhaNDAgamake vyAkhyAkAra haiM usameM sarvatra abhinibodha ( Abhinibodhika ) zabda matijJAna 1. 60 TI0, 5/5/21, pR0 206, 210 / 2. laghI0 svo0 vR0 kA 0 61 tathA 66 /

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anumAna-samIkSA : 8 sAmAnyake artha meM prayukta huA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki akalaMka, vidyAnanda aura zrutasAgarako vyAkhyAoMke AdhArapara matijJAnavizeSa--abhinibodhavizeSa ( svArthAnumAna ) bhI abhinibodha sAmAnyakA artha liyA jA sakatA hai| jaise gozabdase zyAmA Adi govizeSa artha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / ( 4 ) vIrasenane isI dhavalA-TIkAmeM zrutajJAnakA bhI vyAkhyAna do sthaloMpara kiyA hai / vaha bho draSTavya hai-- ( ka ) tattha sudaNANaM NAma iMdiehi gahidatthAdo tado pudhabhUdatthaggahaNaM, jahA-sadAdo ghaDAdINamuvalaMmo, dhUmAdo aggissuvalaMbho vaa| indriyoMse grahaNa kiye gaye padArthase, usase pRthakbhUta padArthakA grahaNa karanA zrutajJAna hai / jaise-zabdase ghaTa Adi padArthokA jAnanA, athavA dhUmase agnikA grahaNa krnaa| ( kha ) madiNANeNa gahidatthAdo jamuppajjadi aNNesu atthesu NANaM taM sudaNANaM NAma / ghUmAdo uppajjamANaaggiNANaM, NadIpUrajaNidauvarivichi-viNNANaM, desaMtarasaMpattIe jaNida-diNayaragamaNavisayaviNNANaM, sadAdo sahatthuppaNNaNANaM ca sudaNANamidi bhaNidaM hodi| arthAt matijJAnake dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye artha ke nimittase jo anya arthokA jJAna hotA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai| dhUmake nimittase utpanna huA agnikA jJAna, nadIpUrake nimittase utpanna huA UparI bhAgameM vRSTikA jJAna, dezAntarakI prAptike nimittase utpanna huA sUrya kA gamanaviSayaka vijJAna aura zabdake nimittase utpanna huA zabdArthakA jJAna zrutajJAna hai / zratajJAnakI ina donoM vyAkhyAoMmeM jo usake udAharaNa diye gaye haiM ve hI saba anumAnakA svarUpa samajhAneke lie bhI diye jAte haiN| dhUmase agnikA jJAna, nadIparase UparI bhAgameM varSAkA jJAna, dezAntara-prAptise sUrya meM gatikA jJAna anumAnase kiyA jAtA hai, yaha prasiddha hai| ataeva zrutajJAnakI ina vyAkhyAoMse anumAna zrutajJAnake antargata siddha hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vIrasenako abhinibodhasambandhI vyAkhyAoMmeM anumAna yA svArthAnumAna artha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| 1. dhavalA 1 / 9 / 1 / 14, pR0 21 / 2. atthAdo atyaMtaramuvalaMmaMtaM bhaNaMti sudaNANaM / AbhiNibohiyapuvvaM NiyameNiha saddajaM pamuhaM // -A0 nemicandra, go0 jI0 314 / 3. dhavalA 5 / 5 / 21, pR0 210 /

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82 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra (5) SaTkhaNDAgamameM zrutajJAnake ikatAlIsa' paryAyazabda diye gaye haiN| unameM eka 'hetuvAda' hai| isa hetuvAda' kA vyAkhyAna vIrasenane nimna prakAra kiyA hai___ hetuH sAdhyAvinAbhAvi liMga anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNopalakSitaH / sa hetuDhividhaH sAdhanadUSaNabhedena / tatra svapakSasiddhaya prayuktaH sAdhanahetuH / pratipakSanirloTTanAya prayukto dUSaNahetuH / hinAti gamayasi paricchinatyarthamAtmAnaM ceti pramANapaMcakaM vA hetuH / sa ucyate kathyate aneneti hetuvAdaH zrutajJAnam / sAdhyake abhAvameM na hone vAle liMgako hetu kahate haiN| aura vaha anyathAnapapattirUpa eka lakSaNase yukta hotA hai| vaha do prakArakA hai--1. sAdhanahetu aura 2. dUSaNa hetu| inameM svapakSako siddhike lie prayukta hetuko sAdhana hetu aura pratipakSakA khaNDana karane ke lie prayukta hetuko dUSaNahetu kahate haiM / athavA hetuzabdako vyutpattike anusAra jo artha (vastu)kA aura apanA jJAna karAtA hai usa pramANapaMcakako hetu kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ pramANapaMcakase vIrasenako mati, zruta Adi pAMca jJAna abhipreta pratIta hote haiM / ukta pramANapaMcakarUpa hetu jisake dvArA abhihita ho vaha hetuvAdarUpa zrutajJAna hai / vIrasenake isa hetuvAda-vyAkhyAnase asandigdha hai ki yahA~ hetuvAdake antargata vaha hetu vivakSita hai jo sAdhyAvinAbhAvi liMgase hone vAle sAdhyajJAna (anumAna)meM prayukta hotA hai aura jisake balapara anumAnako liMgaja yA laiMgika kahA jAtA hai| hetuvAdazabdakA prayoga anumAnake artha meM hameM anya darzanoMmeM bhI milatA hai / niSkarSa yaha ki vIrasena anumAnako zrutajJAna mAnate haiM, use matijJAna mAnanekI ora unakA iGgita pratIta nahIM hotaa| yahA~ hama unakA eka mahattvapUrNa uddharaNa aura de denA Avazyaka samajhate haiM / isa uddharaNase spaSTa ho jAegA ki vorasena anumAnako zrutajJAnake antargata svIkAra karate haiM / yathA-- "sudaNANaM duvihaM-sahaligajaM asaliMgajaM cedi / dhamaliMgAdo jalaNAvagamo asadaliMgajo / bhavaro sdliNgjo| kiMlakkhaNaM liMga ? aNNahANuvavattilakkhaNa / pakSadharmatvaM lapakSe satvaM vipakSe cAsattvamityetaistribhilakSaNairupalakSita vastu kiM na liMgamiti cet, na, vyabhicArAt / tadyathA--pakvAnyAmraphalAnye1. pAvayaNaM pavayaNIyaM pavayaNaTTho... heduvAdo NayavAdo pavaravAro maggavAdo sudavAdo para vAdo loiyavAdo lAguttarIya vAdo...cedi / -bhUtavalI-puSpadanta, SaTkha0, 5 / 5 / 50, pR0 280 / 2. ghavalA 55.50, pR0 280 /

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anumAna-samIkSA : 83 kazAkhAprabhavatvAdupayuktAmraphalavata, sa zyAmaH tatputratvAditaraputravat,....ityAdIni sAdhanAni trilakSaNAnyapi na sAdhya-siddhaye bhavanti / vizvamanekAntAtmaka sattvAt....ityAdIni sAdhanAni avilakSaNAnyapi sAdhyasiddhaye prabhavanti / tata: idamantareNa idamanupapannamitIdameva lakSaNaM liMgasyeti pratyetavyam / yahA~ zrutajJAnake varNana-prasaMgameM usake do bheda batalAye haiM--( 1 ) zabdaliMgaja aura ( 2 ) azabdaliMgaja / azabdaliMgaja zrutajJAnakA udAharaNa hai--dhamake nimittase agnikA jJAna karanA / Age liMgakA lakSaNa vahI diyA hai jo anumAna-nirUpaNameM kahA jAtA hai / isase vIrasenakA spaSTa mata hai ki anumAna azabdaliMgaja zrutajJAna hai| 6. vIrasenakA yaha mata SaTkhaNDAgamapara AdhRta hai / SaTkhaNDAgamameM AcArya bhUtabalI-puSpadantane jJAnamArgaNAkI apekSA jina pAMca samyagjJAnoM aura tIna mithyAjJAnoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA hai unameM prathama samyagjJAnakA nAma 'Abhinibodhika' hai, matijJAna nahIM hai, mati to usake cAra paryAyoMmeM parigaNita tIsare jJAnakA nAma hai / yathA-- saNNA sadI madI ciMtA cedi / saMjJA, smRti, mati aura cintA ye Abhinibodhika jJAnake paryAya haiM / paTakhaNDAgamake isa sUtrameM Abhinibodhika jJAnake paryAyanAmoMko ginAte hue jahA~ anumAnake pUrva meM Avazyaka rUpase rahane vAle cintA Adi jJAnoMkA nirdeza hai vahA~ anumAnakA anumAnazabdase yA usake bodhaka kisI paryAyazabdase koI ullekha nahIM hai| isase avagata hotA hai ki SaTkhaNDAgamameM anumAnako Abhinivodhika jJAna nahIM mAnA / isakA kAraNa yaha jJAta hotA hai ki Abhinibodhika jJAna indriyavyApAra yA manovyApAra-pUrvaka utpanna hote haiN| cAkSupa Adi indriyajJAna indriyavyApArase aura smRti, saMjJA aura cintA ye tInoM anindriyajJAna manovyApArase paidA hote haiM / ataH ye jJAna to 'indriyAnindriyanimittam' ke anusAra Abhinibodhika haiM / para anumAna sIdhe manovyApAra yA indriya-vyApArase utpanna na hokara sAdhyAvinAbhAvI sAdhanase utpanna hotA hai| jaise dhUmase agnikA jJAna hotA hai / yaha satya hai ki sAdhanameM indriya aura mana sahAyaka haiM, kyoMki unake binA sAdhanakA darzana aura vyAptikA smaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| para ve sAdhyajJAnake utpAdaka nahIM hai-usakA utpAdaka to avinAbhAvi sAdhanakA jJAna hai / aisI sthitimeM anumAna Abhinibodhika jJAna na hokara zrutajJAna hogA, kyoMki eka arthase dUsare artha 1. dhavalA 5 / 5 / 43, pR0 245 / 2. SaTkhaNDa0 515441, pR0 244 /

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84 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra kA bodha karAne vAlA jJAna zrutajJAna kahA gayA hai / ' dhUmake nimittase agnikA jJAna karanA nadIprase UparI bhAgameM varSAkA jJAna karanA, dezAntara prAptise sUryameM gatikA jJAna karanA, ye saba zrutajJAnake udAharaNa haiM aura anumAnake bhI yahI udAharaNa haiM / jJAta hotA hai ki isIse SaTkhaNDAgamameM anumAnako Abhinibodhika jJAnake paryAyanAmoMmeM varNita nahIM kiyaa| kintu zrutajJAnake ekArthavAcI ikatAlosa nAmoMmeM datta 'hetuvAda' dvArA usakA zrutajJAnameM saMgraha athavA antarbhAva kiyA hai| ataH SaTkhaNDAgamake vyAkhyAkAra vIrasenakA uparyukta mata ( vyAkhyAna ) paTkhaNDAgamake anurUpa hai| (7) prazna hai ki AgamakI jaba aisI prarUpaNA ( vyavasthA ) hai to AcArya gaddhapicchane tattvArthasUtra meM Agamokta Abhinibodhika jJAnake sthAnameM matijJAna nAma aura usake paryAyanAmoMmeM pahalese anupalabdha abhinibodha zabda kaise rakhA ? aura unake isa parivartanakA kAraNa kyA hai ? hamArA vicAra hai ki tattvArthasUtrakAra usa darzanayugameM hue haiM jaba pramANazAstra kI carcA bahulatAse hone lagI thI aura pratyeka darzanake lie Avazyaka thA ki vaha apane abhimata pramANoMkA nirdhAraNa kre| cArvAkake atirikta anya sabhI bhAra. tIya darzanoMne anumAnako svatantra pramANake rUpameM mAna liyA thA aura usakA mUla rUpa 'vAkovAkyam' evaM 'AnvIkSikI' vidyAmeM khoja nikAlA thaa| Arhata darzana ko apanI viziSTa paramparA rahI hai / vaha aise samayapara mauna nahIM raha sakatA thaa| use bhI apanI orase yaha niNaya karanA Avazyaka thA ki vaha kitane pramANa mAnatA hai aura ve kauna-kauna-se haiM tathA vaha anumAnako svIkAra karatA hai yA nahIM ? yadyapi SaTkhaNDAgama; pravacanasAra, anuyogadvAra, sthAnAMga, bhagavatI Adi thAgama granthoMmeM jJAnamImAMsA tathA pramANa-mImAMsA vistRta rUpameM nirUpita evaM cacita thii| viSayanirUpaNameM hetuvAdakA bhI Azraya liyA jAtA thA / para ye sabhI grantha prAkRtame nibaddha the aura yuga thA saMskRtake mAdhyamase dArzanika viSayoMke niruupnnkaa| ataH tattvArthasUtrakArane saMskRtake mAdhyamase Ahatadarzanake prAyaH sabhI viSayoMkA pratipAdana karaneke lie tattvArthasUtrakI racanA kI / yaha upalabdha jaina saMskRta-sUtragraMthoMmeM Adya saMskRta-sUtra grantha hai| isameM dharma aura darzana donoMkA nirUpaNa hai| unakA gahana kArya thA Agamika prameyoMko darzana dvArA prastuta karanA / isa kArya meM unheM niHsandeha abhUtapUrva saphalatA milI / anya darzanoMkI taraha unhoMne bhI ni:zreyasa aura niHzreyasa mArgakA jJAna isa granthameM nirUpita kiyaa| AgamAnusAra jJAna-mImAMsAko prastuta karate hue usameM pratipAdita pAMca jJAnoMmeM datta Abhinivo 1. A0 nemicandra, go0 jo0 315 /

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anumAna - samIkSA : 85 dhikazabda matizabdakI apekSA, jo usIkA eka paryAya hai, unheM kucha jaTila lagA / ataeva usake sthAna meM matiko rakhakara use sarala banA diyA tathA usake paryAyoMmeM abhinabodhako bhI sammilita kara liyA / yaha abhinibodhazabda bhI Abhinibodhikako apekSA adhika sugama hai, ataH usake dvArA unhoMne cintA (tarka) pUrvaka hone vAle liMgajabodha - anumAnake saMgrahakI ora saMketa kiyA / isa parivartanameM koI maulika siddhAnta-bheda yA siddhAnta viparItatA nahIM hai / phalata: akalaMka, vidyAnanda jaise mUrdhanya manISI vicAraka unake isa parivartana se prabhAvita hue aura usase prakAza pAkara unhoMne abhinibodhakI vyAkhyA anumAnaparaka prastuta kI / siddhAnta-virodhakI bAta uThane para vidyAnandane' sAmAnya zabdako vizeSavAcI batalAkara isa virodhakA parihAra kiyaa| sAtha hI akalaMkakA Azaya 2 grahaNa karake yaha bhI kaha diyA ki abhinivodhAtmaka jJAna zabdayojanA se pUrva arthAt zabdayojanAse rahita dazA meM svArthAnumAna hai / para zabdayojanAse viziSTa hone para vaha abhinibodhapUrvaka hone vAlA zrutajJAna hai, jise parArthAnumAna kahA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki matijJAnake paryAyanAmoMmeM paThita 'abhinibodha' se svArthA mAnakA aura Agama meM Aye hetuvAdase, jo zrutajJAnake paryAyayanAmoMmeM sAmahita hai, parArthAnumAnakA grahaNa vivakSita hai / niSkarSa yaha ki svArthAnumAnakA prAcIna mUla rUpa abhinibodha hai aura parArthAnumAnakA mUla rUpa hetuvAda hai / isa taraha jaina anumAna abhinibodha ( matijJAna) aura zruta donoMkA pratinidhi hai / isameM tattvArthasUtrakAra aura unake vyAkhyAkAroM tathA SaTkhaNDAgama aura dhavalAke vyAkhyAnoM evaM nirUpaNoM meM koI virodha yA asaMgati nahIM hai / ( kha ) anumAnakA mahattva evaM AvazyakatA : pratyakSakI taraha anumAna bhI arthasiddhikA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai | sambaddha aura vartamAna, Asanna aura sthUla padArthoMkA jJAna indriyapratyakSase kiyA jA sakatA hai / para asambaddha aura avartamAna - atIta anAgata tathA dUra aura sUkSma arthakA jJAna usase sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki ukta prakArake padArthoMko jAnane kI kSamatA indriyoM meM 1. ta0 lo0 1 / 13 3=6-388, pRSTha 216 | 2. laghIya0 kA0 10,14 / 3. pra0 pa0 pRSTha 76, tathA ta0 zlo0 1 / 13 / 388, pRSTha 216 / 4. tadetatsAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnamanumAnaM svArthamabhinibovalakSaNaM viziSTamatijJAnam, sAdhyaM pratyabhimukhAnniyamitAtsAdhanAdupajAtabodhasya tarkaphalasyAminibodha iti saMzApratipAdanAt / parArthamanumAnamanakSarazrutajJAnaM akSarazrutajJAnaM ca tasya zrotramatipUrvakasya ca tathAtvopapatteH / - vidyAnanda, pra0 pa0 pRSTha 76 /

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86 : jainatarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra nahIM hai / ataH aise padArthoMkA jJAna anumAna dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| ise cArvAka darzanako chor3akara zeSa sabhI darzanoMne svIkAra kiyA hai aura use pratyakSakI hI taraha pramANa evaM artha siddhikA sabala sAdhana mAnA hai| cArvAka ise na mAnaneke nimna kAraNa prastuta karate haiM ( 1 ) yataH anumAna pratyakSapUrvaka hotA hai| ataH vaha pratyakSase bhinna nahIM hai| 'kAraNasadRza hi lokaM kAyaM dRSTam' isa siddhAntake anusAra anumAna jaba pratyakSakA kArya hai to use apane kAraNa--pratyakSa sadRza hI honA cAhie, visadRza nhiiN| ( 2 ) sabase pahale pratyakSa hotA hai, usake bAda anumaan| ataH pratyakSa mukhya hai aura anumAna gauNa / ataeva anumAna gauNa honese pramANa nahIM hai / 2 (3 ) anumAnameM visaMvAda dekhA jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI zakramardhA ( bAMbI) aura gopAlaghaTikAmeM dhUmakA bhrama ho jAnese vahAM bhI agnikA anumAna hone lagatA hai| isake atirikta vRkSakA jaba zizapAse anumAna kiyA jAtA hai to ziMzapA vRkSa hI ho, aisA to nahIM hai, kahIM zizapA latA bhI hotI hai| aisI sthitimeM zizapA hetu vyabhicArI ( vRkSake abhAvameM bhI rahane vAlI ) honese vRkSakA yathArtha anumApaka nahIM ho sktaa| anupalabdhise abhAvakI siddhi karanA bhI doSapUrNa hai| paramANu, pizAcAdi upalabdha nahIM hote, phira bhI unakA sadbhAva banA raha sakatA hai- anupalabdhise unakA abhAva siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa taraha anumAnake janaka sabhI pramukha hetu vyabhicArI honese vaha avisaMvAdI sambhava nahIM hai / ataH pratyakSa to pramANa hai, para anumAna pramANa nahIM hai| ye tIna kAraNa haiM jinase cArvAka anumAnako pramANa nahIM mAnatA / yahA~ ina tInoM kAraNoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ( 1 ) pratyakSapUrvaka honese yadi anumAna pratyakSase bhinna nahIM hai to kahIM (parvatAdikameM agnikA) pratyakSa bhI anumAnapUrvaka honese anumAnase bhinna siddha nahIM hogaa| jaise parvatameM anumAnase agnikA nizcaya karake use pratyakSase bhI jAnaneke lie pravRtta puruSako agnikA jo pratyakSa hotA hai vaha anumAnapUrvaka hona 1. pra0pa0 pRSTha 64 / 2. prameyaratnamAlA 212, pRSTha 46 / tathA pra0pa0 pRSTha 64 / 3. prameyaratnamAlA 2 / 2, pRSTa 44 /

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anumAna-samIkSA : 87 se anumAna kahA jaaegaa| ataH anumAnaprAmANyake niSedhakA prathama kAraNa yukta nahIM hai, vaha atiprasaMga doSa-sahita hai|' (2) yaha saca hai ki kabhI anumAnase pahale pratyakSa hotA hai, para yaha sArvadika evaM sArvatrika niyama nahIM hai| kahIM aura kabhI pratyakSase pUrva anumAna bhI hotA hai| jaisA ki hama Upara dekha cuke haiM ki koI puruSa agnikA anumAna karake bAdako vaha usakA pratyakSa : sAkSAtkAra ) karatA hai| aisI dazAmeM anumAna pratyakSase pUrvavartI honeke kAraNa mukhya mAnA jAegA aura pratyakSa gauNa / taba pratyakSa gauNa honese apramANa aura anumAna mukhya honese pramANa siddha hogA / ataH dUsarA kAraNa bhI anumAnake prAmANyakA pratiSedhaka siddha nahIM hotaa| ( 3 ) tIsarA kAraNa bhI yukta nahIM hai, kyoMki anumAnameM visaMvAditva batAneke lie jo udAharaNa diye gaye haiM ve saba anumAnAbhAsake udAharaNa haiN| jo hetu sAdhyakA vyabhicArI hai vaha hetu hI nahIM hai - vaha to hetvAbhAsa hai| zakramardhA aura gopAlaghaTikAmeM jo dhUmase agnike anumAnakI bAta kahI gayI hai usa para hamArA prazna haiM ki zakramUrdhA aura gopAlaghaTikA agnisvabhAva haiM yA nahIM ? yadi agnisvabhAva hai to agnise utpanna dhUma agnikA vyabhicArI kaise ho sakatA hai ? aura yadi ve agnisvabhAva nahIM hai to unase utpanna hone vAlA padArtha dhUma kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? lokameM annise paidA hone vAle avicchinna padArthako hI dhUma kahA jAtA hai| sAdhya-sAdhanake samyak avinAbhAvakA jJAtA ukta prakArako bhUla nahIM kara sktaa| vaha avinAbhAvI sAdhanase hI sAdhyakA jJAna-anumAna karegA, avinAbhAvarahita hetuse nhiiN| vaha bhale hI Uparase hetu jaisA pratIta ho, para hetulakSaNa ( avinAbhAva ) rahita honeke kAraNa vaha hetvAbhAsa hai aura hetvAbhAsoMse utpanna sAdhyajJAna doSapUrNa arthAt anumAnAbhAsa samajhA jaaegaa| ataH zakramardhA aura gopAlaghaTikAmeM dRSTa dhUma dhUma nahIM hai, dhUmAbhAsa hai-use bhramase dhama samajha liyA hai / aura isalie usake dvArA utpanna agnikA jJAna anamAna nahIM, anumAnAbhAsa hai| 1. pra0 parI0 pRSTha 64 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 64 / 3. agnisvabhAvaH zakrasya mUrddhA cedagnireva saH / athAnagnistrabhAvo'sau dhUmastatra kathaM bhavet // -dharmakIrti, pa0 vA0 1138, tathA prameyara0 mA0 2 / 2, pR0 46 / 4. yAdRzo hi dhUmo jvalanakArya bhUdharanitambAdAvativahaladhavalatayA prasarpannupalamyate na tAdRzo gopAlaghaTikAdAviti / -prameyara0 mA0 2 / 2, pRSTha 46 /

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88 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra ___isI prakAra svAbhAvahetumeM' jo vyabhicAra dikhAyA gayA hai vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki kevala svabhAvako hetu svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, apitu vyApyarUpa svabhAvako hI vyApakake prati gamaka mAnA gayA hai / aura yaha tathya hai ki vyApya kabhI bhI vyApakakA vyabhicArI nahIM hotA, anyathA vaha vyApya hI nahIM rhegaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki avinAbhAvI svabhAva-hetuko vyabhicArI mAnane para cArvAka pratyakSameM avisaMvAditva aura agauNatvarUpa svabhAvahetuoMse prAmANya nizcaya nahIM kara sktaa| anupalabdhihetumeM vyabhicArapradarzana bhI vicArazUnya hai| yathArtha meM avinAbhAvI anupalabdhihetu abhAvakA sAdhaka mAnA gayA hai| jo sAdhyAvinAbhAvI nahIM hai vaha hetu ho nahIM hai--hetvAbhAsa hai, yaha hama Upara kaha Aye haiN| ataH cAhe dRzyAnupalabdhi ho aura cAhe adRzyAnupalabdhi, donoM avinAbhAvaviziSTa ho kara hI abhAvasAdhikA hai, anyathA nhiiN| isa prakAra anumAnaprAmANyake niSedhameM diye gaye tInoM hI kAraNa yukti-yukta nahIM hai / aba aise tathya upasthita kiye jAte haiM, jinase cArvAka darzanako bhI agatyA anumAna mAnanA par3atA hai / yathA-- ( 1 ) jaba cArvAkase pUchA jAtA hai ki pratyakSa hI pramANa kyoM hai aura anumAna pramANa kyoM nahIM ? to isakA uttara vaha yahI detA hai ki pratyakSa agauNa aura avisaMvAdI honese pramANa hai, para anumAna gauNa tathA visaMvAdI honese pramANa nahIM hai / isa prakArakA kathana karake vaha svabhAvahetu-janita anumAnako svayameva svIkAra kara letA hai / agauNatva aura avisaMvAditva pramANakA svabhAva haiM / aura unheM hetu banAkara pratyakSake pramANyako siddha karanA nizcaya hI anumAna hai tathA gauNatva evaM visaMvAditvako heturUpameM prastuta karake anumAnako apramANa siddha karanA bhI anumAna hai| agauNatva evaM avisaMvAditvako prAmANyake sAtha aura gauNatva tathA visaMvAditvako aprAmANya ke sAtha vyApti hai aura vyAptijJAnapUrvaka jo jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna kahA jAtA hai| ataH cArvAkako pratyakSameM prAmANya siddha karane aura anumAnameM aprAmANya sthApita karaneke lie ukta prakArakA anumAna mAnanA pdd'egaa| ( 2 ) isa (ziSya)meM buddhi hai kyoMki bola rahA hai athavA ceSTAdi kara rahA hai, isa prakAra cArvAkako ziSyAdimeM buddhikA astittva svIkAra karanA par3egA, kyoM 1. yadapi svabhAvahetoya'micArasambhAvanamuktam, tadapyanucitameva, svabhAvamAtrasyAhetutvAt / vyApyarUpasyaiva svabhAvasya vyApakaM prati gamakatvAbhyupagamAt / na ca vyApyasya vyApakavyabhicAritvam, vyApyatvavirodhaprasaMgAt / -prameyara0 mA0, 12, pRSTha 45 /

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anumAna-samIkSA : ki parabuddhi pratyakSase agamya hai| aura isa taraha use kArya hetu-janita anumAna svIkAra karanA par3atA hai| (3) yadi cArvAkase prazna kiyA jAe ki Apa paraloka ( svarganarakAdi yA janmAntara ), kyoM nahIM mAnate ? to vaha yahI uttara degA ki paraloka upalabdha na honese nahIM hai| jisakI upalabdhi hotI hai usakA astitva mAnA jAtA hai / jaise pRthivyAdi bhuuttttv| usake isa uttarase spaSTa hai ki use paralokAdikA abhAva siddha karaneke lie anupalabdhi-liMga-janita anumAna bhI svIkAra karanA par3atA hai| isa vivecanase hama isa niSkarSapara pahu~cate haiM ki cArvAkake lie bhI anumAna pramANa mAnanA Avazyaka hai| bhale hI vaha lokavyavahArameM use mAnyatA pradAna kare aura paralokAdi atIndriya padArthoM meM usakA prAmANya nirAkaraNa kre| para usako upayogitA aura AvazyakatAko vaha TAla nahIM sktaa| jaba pratyakSa ke prAmANyameM sandeha baddhamUla ho jAtA hai to anumAnakI kasauTIpara kase jAnepara hI usakI pramANatAkA nikhAra hotA hai| isase anumAnako upayogitA dinakara-prakAzakI taraha prakaTa hai / vAstavameM ye donoM upajIvya-upajIvaka haiN| vastusiddhi meM anumAnakA pratyakSase kama mUlya nahIM hai / yaha saca hai ki pratyakSa anumAnake mUlameM vidyamAna rahatA hai, usake binA usakI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai, para hameM yaha bhI nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki pratyakSakI pratiSThA anumAnapara nirbhara hai| sambhavataH isIse 'yuktyA yanna ghaTAmupaiti tadahaM dRSTvA'pi na zradhe', 'pratyakSaparikAlatamapyatha. manumAnena bubhutsante takarasikAH jaise anumAnake mUlyavarddhaka vAkya upalabdha hote hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki anumAnapara jitanA cintana huA hai-svatantra evaM saMkhyAbaddha granthoMkA nirmANa huA hai--utanA kisI anya pramANapara nahIM / vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, gaNita, vijJAna prabhRti sabhI para prAyaH anumAnakA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| lokavyavahArameM alpajJa bhI kAryakAraNabhAvakI zrRMkhalA jor3ate haiN| binA pAnIke pyAsa nahIM bujhatI, binA bhojanake kSudhA zAnta nahIM 1. pramANetarasAmAnyasthiteranyadhiyo gateH / pramANAntarasamAvaH pratiSedhAcca kasyAMcat // -uddhata-pra0pa0 pRSTha 64 / / yaha kArikA jaina granthoM meM dharmakorti ke nAmase uddhRta pAyI jAtI hai| para vaha unake pramANavArtikameM upalabdha nahIM hai| 2. 'yadi punarlokavyavahArAya pratipadyata evAnumAnaM laukAryAtakaiH, paralokAdAvevAnumAnasya nirAkaraNAta, tasyAbhAboditi matma, tadApi kutaH paralokAdyabhAvapratipattiH ? --vidyAnanda, pra0pa0 pRSTha 64 / 3. akalaMkadeva, aSTaza0 aSTasa0 pRSTha 234, uddhRta / 4. gaMgeza, ta0 cintA0 pRSTha 424 / 12

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90 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra hotI, yaha saba kAryakAraNako avicchinna zRMkhalA hI to hai| isa taraha hama anumAnake mahattva, upayogitA, AvazyakatA aura anivAryatAko anAyAsa AMka sakate haiN| (ga) anumAnako paribhASA : anumAnazabdakI nirukti ( anu + mAna )ke anusAra pazcAdvartI jJAnakI anumAnasaMjJA hai| prazna uThatA hai ki pratyakSako chor3akara zeSa sabhI (smRti, pratyabhijJA Adi) jJAna pratyakSake pazcAt hI hote haiN| aisI sthitimeM ye saba jJAna bhI anumAna kahe jAyeMge / ataH anumAnase pUrva vaha kauna-sA jJAna vivakSita hai jisake pazcAt hone vAle jJAnako anumAna kahA hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki anumAnakA avyavahita pUrvavartI vaha jJAnavizeSa hai, jisake avyavahita uttarakAlameM anumAna utpanna hotA hai / vaha jJAnavizeSa hai vyApti-nirNaya / trk-uuh-cintaa)| usake anantara niyamase anumAna hotA hai / liMgadarzana, vyAptismaraNa aura pakSadharmatAjJAna inameM se koI bhI anumAnake avyavahita pUrvavartI nahIM hai| liMgadarzana vyAptismaraNase, vyAptismaraNa pakSadharmatAjJAnase aura pakSadharmatAjJAna vyApti-nizcayase vyavahita hai / ataH liMgadarzana, vyAptismaraNa aura pakSadharmatAjJAna vyApti-nizcayase vyavahita honese anumAnake sAkSAt pUrvavartI nahIM haiN| yadyapi pAramparya se unheM bhI anumAnakA janaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / para anumAnakA avyavahita pUrvavartI jJAna vyApti-nizcaya hI hai, kyoMki usake avyavahita uttarakAlameM niyamase anumAna AtmalAbha karatA hai / ataH vyAptinizcaya hI anumAnakA pUrvavartI jJAna hai| A0 vAdirAja bhI yahI likhate haiM anu vyAptinirNayasya pazcAdbhAvi mAnamanumAnam / 2 / vyApti-nirNayake pazcAt hone vAle mAna-pramANako anumAna kahate haiM / vAtsyAyana anumAnazabdako nirukti isa prakAra batalAte haiM-'mitena liMgena liMgino'rthasya pazcAnmAnamanumAnam'3---pratyakSapramANase jJAta liMga dvArA liMgI-artha ke anu-pazcAt utpanna hone vAle jJAnako anumAna kahate haiN| tAtparya yaha ki liMgajJAnake pazcAt jo liMgI-sAdhyakA jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna hai| ve eka dUsare sthalapara aura kahate haiM ki-'smRtyA liMgadarzanena cA. 1. vyAptiviziSTapakSajarmatAzAnajanyaM jJAnamanumitiH / tatkaraNamanumAnam / -gaMgeza, ta0 ci0 anu0 jAgadI0 pRSTha 13 / 1. nyA0 vi0 vi0 dvi0 bhA0 / / 2. nyAyamA0 1 // 1 // 3 /

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bhanumAna-samIkSA : 91 pratyakSo'rtho'numIyate' / ' -liMgaliMgIsambandhasmRti aura liMgadarzana dvArA apratyakSa arthakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra vAtsyAyanakA abhiprAya 'anu' zabdase 'sambandhasmaraNa aura liMgadarzanake pazcAt arthako grahaNa karanekA pratIta hotA hai| nyAyavArtikakArakA mata hai ki 'yasmAlligaparAmarzAdanantaraM zeSArthapratipattiriti / tasmAliMlagaparAmarzo nyAyya iti,2 -yata: liGgaparAmarzake anantara zeSArtha ( anumeyArtha kA jJAna hotA hai, ataH liMgaparAmarzako anumAna mAnanA nyAyayukta hai| isa taraha udyotakarake matAnusAra liMgaparAmarza vaha jJAna hai jisake pazcAt anumiti utpanna hotI hai| nyAyAvatArake saMskRtaTIkAkAra siddharSi gaNi vAtsyAyanakA anusaraNa karate haiN| kintu tathya yaha hai ki liGgadarzana Adi vyAptinizcayase vyavahita haiN| ataH vyAptijJAna hI anumAnase avyavahita pUrvavartI hai / anumAnazabdakI niruktike bAda aba dekhanA hai ki upalabdha jaina tarka granthoM meM anumAnako kyA paribhASA kI gayI hai ? svAmI samantabhadrane AtamImAMsAmeM 'anu. meyatva'4 hetuse sarvajJakI siddhi kI hai / Age aneka sthaloMpara 'svarUpAdicatuthyAt'", 'vizeSaNatvAt'6 Adi aneka hetuoMko diyA hai aura unase anekAMtAtmaka vastukI vyavasthA tathA syAdvAdakI sthApanA kI hai| unake ina 'anumeyatva' Adi hetuoMke prayogase avagata hotA hai ki unake kAlameM syAdvAdanyAya / jaina nyAyameM ) vivAdagrasta evaM apratyakSa padArthokI siddhi anumAnase kI jAne lagI thii| jina upAdAnoMse anumAna niSpanna evaM sampUrNa hotA hai una upAdAnoMkA ullekha bhI unake dvArA isameM bahulatayA huA hai| udAharaNArtha hetu, sAdhya, pratijJA, sadharmA, avinAbhAva, sapakSa, sAdharmya, vaidharmya, dRSTAnta jaise anumAnopakaraNoMkA nirdeza isameM kiyA gayA hai / para paribhASAgrantha na honese unakI paribhASAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki anumAnakI paribhASA isameM dRSTigata nahIM hotii| eka sthalapara hetu (naya) kA lakSaNa avazya nibaddha hai, jisameM anyathAnupapattiviziSTa vilakSaNa 1. vahI, 11 / 5 / 2. nyAyavA0 1 / 15, pRSTha 45 / 3. anuvAdaka-vijayamUrti, nyAyAva0 kA0 5, pRSTha 49 / 4. AptamI0 kA0 5 / 5. vaho, kA0 15 / 6. vahI, kA0 17, 18 / 7. vahI0 kA0 113 / 8. vaho, kA0 16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 27, 78, 80, 106 Adi / 6. sadharmaNaiva sAdhyasya sAdhAdavirodhataH / syAdvAdapravibhaktArtha-vizeSa-vyaMjako nayaH // -A0 mo0 kA0 106 /

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92 : jaina tarkazAstra meM bhanumAna-vicAra hetuko sAdhyakA prakAzaka kahA hai, kevala vilakSaNako nahIM / akalaMka aura vidyAnanda dvArA prastuta usake vyAkhyAnoMse bhI yahI avagata hotA hai| Azaya yaha ki AptamImAsAke isa sandarbhase itanA hI jJAta hotA hai ki samantabhadrako anyathAnupapannatvaviziSTa trilakSaNa hetuse honevAlA sAdhyajJAna anumAna iSTa rahA hai / siddhasenane 2 spaSTa zabdoMmeM anumAnalakSaNa diyA hai sAdhyAvinAbhuno liMgAt sAdhyanizcAyakaM smRtam / anumAnaM tadamrAntaM pramANatvAt samakSavat // sAdhyake binA na honevAle liMgase jo sAdhyakA nizcAyaka jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna hai| isa anumAnalakSaNameM samantabhadrakA hetulakSaNagata 'avirodhataH' pada, jo anyathAnupapatti-avinAbhAvakA bodhaka hai. bIjarUpameM rahA ho to Azcarya nahIM hai| akalaMkane nyAyavinizcaya aura laghIyastraya donoMmeM anamAnakI paribhASA aMkita kI hai / nyAya vanizcayako anumAna-paribhASA nimna prakAra hai sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnamanumAnaM tadatyaye / / sAdhana (hetu) se jo sAdhya (anumeya) kA viziSTa (niyata) jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna hai| akalaMkakA yaha anumAna-lakSaNa atyanta sarala aura sugama hai / paravartI vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi, vAdirAja, prabhAcandra, hemacandra, dharmabhUSaNa prabhRti tAkikoMne isIko apanAyA hai| smaraNIya hai ki jo sAdhanase sAdhyakA niyata jJAna hotA hai vaha sAdhanagata avinAbhAvake nizcayake AdhArapara hI hotA hai| jaba taka sAdhanake sAdhyAvinAbhAvakA nizcaya na hogA taba taka usase sAdhyakA nirNaya nahIM ho sktaa| 1. atra 'sapakSaNaiva sAdhyasya sAdharmyAt' 'ityanena hetosTelakSaNyam , 'avirodhAt' ityanyathA nupapattiM ca dazayatA kevalasya vilakSaNasyAsAdhanatvamuktaM tatputratvAdivat / ekalakSaNasya tu gamakatvaM nityatvaikAntapakSe'pi vikriyA nopapadyate' iti bahulamanyathAnupapattareva samAzrayaNAt / -aSTaza0 aSTasa0 pRSTha 286 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 286 / 3. nyAyAva0 kaa05| 4. bhyA0 vi0vi0 bhA0 2 / 1 /

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anumAna-samIkSA : 93 yahAM prazna hai ki isa anumAna-paribhASAse aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina paramparAmeM sAdhanako hI anumAnameM kAraNa mAnA gayA hai. sAdhanake jJAnako nahIM ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki ukta 'sAdhana' padase 'nizcayapathaprApta sAdhana' artha vivakSita hai. kyoMki jisa dhUmAdi sAdhanakA sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvarUpase nizcaga nahIM hai vaha sAdhana nahIM khlaataa| anyathA ajJAyamAna dhUmAdi liMgase supta tathA agRhIta dhUmAdi liMga vAloMko bhI vahni AdikA jJAna ho jaaegaa| ataH 'sAdhana' padase 'avinAbhAvirUpase nirNIta sAdhana' artha abhipreta hai, kevala sAdhana nahIM / vivaraNakArane bhI usakA yahI vivaraNa kiyA hai / yathA sAdhanaM sAdhyAvinAbhAvaniyamanirNayaikalakSaNaM vakSyamANaM liMgam / sAdhana vaha hai jisake sAdhyAvinAbhAvarUpa niyamakA nizcaya hai / isIko liMga ( lonamapratyakSamarthaM gamayati )-chipe hue apratyakSa arthakA avagama karAne vAlA bhI kahate haiN| akalaMkadeva svayaM ukta arthako prakAzikA eka dUsarI anumAna-paribhASA laghIyastrayameM nimna prakAra karate haiM liMgAtsAdhyAvinAmAvAbhinibodhaikalakSaNAt / liMgidhIranamAnaM tatphalaM hAnAdibuddhayaH // 4 sAdhyake binA na honekA jisameM nizcaya haiM, aise liMgase jo liMgI ( sAdhyaartha )kA jJAna hotA hai use anumAna kahate haiN| hAna, upAdAna aura upekSAkA jJAna honA usakA phala hai / ___ isa anumAnalakSaNase spaSTa hai ki sAdhyakA gamaka vahI sAdhana athavA liMga ho sakatA hai jisake avinAbhAvakA nizcaya hai| yadi usameM avinAbhAvakA nizcaya 1. nanu bhavatAM mate sAdhanamevAnumAne heturna tu sAdhanazAnaM sAdhanAtsAdhyavizAnamanumA namiti / -dharmabhUSaNa, nyA0 dvI0 pR0 67 / 2. 'na, 'sAyanAt' ityatra nizcayapathaprAptAddhamAderiti vivakSaNAt / anizcayapathaprAptasya dhUmAdeH sAdhanatvasyavAghaTanAt / "sAdhanAjzAyamAnAddhamAdaH sAdhye'gnyAdI liMgini yadvijJAnaM tadanumAnam / azAyamAnasya tasya sAdhyazAnajanakatve hi suptAdInAmagRhAtadhUmAdInAmapyagnyAdizAnAtpattiprasaMgaH / -vahI, pR067| 3. vAdirAja, nyA0 vi0 vi0 dvi0 bhA0 2 / 1, pR0 1 / 4. laghIya0 kA0 12 /

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94 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna- vicAra nahIM hai to vaha sAdhana nahIM hai / bhale hI usameM tIna rUpa aura pAMca rUpa bhI vidyamAna hoN| jaise 'sa zyAmaH tatputratvAt itaraputravat', 'vajraM lohalekhyaM pArthivatvAt kASTavat' ityAdi hetu tIna rUpoM aura pAMca rUpoMse sampanna hone para bhI avinAbhAva ke abhAva se saddhetu nahIM haiM, apitu hetvAbhAsa haiM aura isIse ve apane sAdhyoMke gamaka -- anumApaka nahIM haiM / isa sambandha meM hama vizeSa vicAra hetulakSaNake prasaMga meM kareMge / vidyAnandane akalaMkadevakA anumAnalakSaNa AdRta kiyA hai aura vistArapUrvaka usakA samarthana kiyA hai / yathA sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnamanumAnaM vidurbudhAH / "sAdhyAbhAvAsambhavaniyamalakSaNAt sAdhanAdeva zakyAbhipretAprasiddhatvalakSaNasya sAdhyasyaiva yadvijJAnaM tadanumAnaM AcAryA viduH / 9 tAtparya yaha ki jisakA sAdhyake abhAva meM na honekA niyama hai aise sAdhanase honevAlA jo zakya, abhipreta aura aprasiddha rUpa sAdhyakA vijJAna hai use AcArya ( akalaGka ) ne anumAna kahA hai / vidyAnanda anumAna ke isa lakSaNakA samarthana karate hue eka mahattvapUrNa yukti upasthita karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki anumAnake lie ukta prakArakA sAdhana aura ukta prakArakA sAdhya donoMko upasthiti Avazyaka hI nahIM anivArya hai / yadi ukta prakArakA sAdhana na ho to kevala sAdhyakA jJAna anumAna pratIta nahIM hotA / isI taraha ukta prakArakA sAdhya na ho to kevala ukta prakArakA sAghanajJAna bhI anumAna jJAta nahIM hotA / Azaya yaha ki anumAnake mukhya do upAdAna haiMsAdhanajJAna aura sAdhyajJAna / ina donoMkI samagratA hone para hI anumAna sampanna hotA hai / 4 mANikyanandi akalaMkake ukta anumAnalakSaNako sUtrakA rUpa dete haiM aura use spaSTa karaneke lie hetukA bhI lakSaNa prastuta karate haiM / yathAsAdhanAtsAdhya vijJAnamanumAnam / " sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH / 1. (ka) sAdhyAbhAvAsambhavaniyamanizcayamantareNa sAdhanatvAsambhavAt / - vidyAnanda, ta0 zlo0 1 / 13 200, pRSTha 206 / (kha) sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH / - mANikyanandi, pa0 mu0 3 / 15 / 2. ta0 ilo0 1 / 13 / 120, pRSTha 197 / 3 - 4. vahI, 1 / 13 / 120 pRSTha 167 / 5. pa0 mu0 3 / 14 / 6. vahI, 3 / 15 /

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anumAna - samIkSA : 95 hemacandrane' bhI mANikyanandikI taraha akalaMkakI hI anumAna - paribhASA akSarazaH svIkAra kI hai aura use unhIMko bhA~ti sUtrarUpa pradAna kiyA hai / 2 4 dharmabhUSaNa ne akalaMkakA nyAyavinizcayokta lakSaNa prastuta karake usakA vizadIkaraNa kiyA hai / isa vizadIkaraNase vaha bhrAnti nahIM rahatI jo 'sAdhana' padase sAdhanako hI jaina darzanameM anumAnakA kAraNa mAnane aura sAdhanajJAnako na mAnane sambandhI hotI hai / tAtparya yaha ki unhoMne 'sAdhana' padakA 'nizcayapatha prApta sAdhana' artha dekara usa bhrAntiko bhI dUra kiyA hai| isake atirikta dharmabhUSaNane udyotakara dvArA upajJa tathA vAcaspati Adi dvArA samarthita 'liMgaparAmarzosnumAnam' isa anumAna - paribhASA kI samIkSA bhI upasthita kI hai / unakA kahanA hai ki yadi liMgaparAmarza ( liMgajJAna - liMgadarzana ) ko anumAna mAnA jAya to `usase sAdhya ( anumeya ) kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki liMgaparAmarzakA artha liMgajJAna hai aura vaha kevala liMga --sAdhana sambandhI ajJAnako hI dUra karane meM samartha hai, sAdhyake ajJAnako nahIM / yathArtha meM 'vaha nivyApyadhUmavAnayaM parvata:' isa prakArake, liMga meM hone vAle vyAptiviziSTa tathA pakSadharmatA ke jJAnako parAmarza kahA gayA hai - 'vyAptiviziSTapacadharmatAjJAnaM parAmarzaH / ataH parAmarza itanA hI batA sakatA hai ki dhUmAdi liMga agni Adi sAdhyoMke sahacArI haiM aura ve parvata Adi ( pakSa ) meM haiM / aura isa taraha liMgaparAmarza mAtra liMgasambandhI ajJAnakA nirAkaraNa karatA hai evaM liMgake vaiziSTayakA jJAna karAtA hai, anumeya - sambandhI ajJAnakA nirAsa karatA huA usakA jJAna karAne meM vaha asamartha hai / ataeva liMgaparAmarza anumAnakI sAmagrI to ho sakatA hai, para svayaM anumAna nahIM / anumAnakA artha hai anumeyasambandhI ajJAnakI nivRtti pUrvaka anumeyArthakA jJAna / isa'lie sAdhya - sambandhI ajJAnako nivRttirUpa anumiti meM sAdhakatama karaNa to sAkSAt sAdhyajJAna hI ho sakatA hai / ataH sAdhyajJAna hI anumAna hai, liMgaparAmarza nahIM / yahA~ itanA aura spaSTa kara denA cAhate haiM ki jisa prakAra dhAraNAnAmaka anubhava smRtimeM, tAtkAlika anubhava aura smRti pratyabhijJAnameM, evaM sAdhya tathA sAdhana viSayaka smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna aura anubhava tarkameM kAraNa mAne jAte haiM, 1. sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnam anumAnam / - pra0 mI0 1 27, pRSTha 38 / 2. nyA0 dI0 pR0 65, 67 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 66 / 4. nyAyavA0 11115, pRSTha 45 /

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96 : jainatarkazAstrameM anumAna vicAra usI prakAra vyAptismaraNa Adi sahita liMgajJAna ( liMgaparAmarza ) anumAnako utpattimeM kAraNa hai| yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki liMgaparAmarzako anumAnako paribhASA mAnane meM jo Apatti dharmabhUSaNane pradarzita ko hai vaha udyotakarake bhI dhyAna meM rahI hai athavA unake samakSa bho prastuta kI gayI jAna par3atI hai| ataeva unhoMne 'bhavatu vA'yamoM laiMgikI pratipaniranumAnamiti' arthAt 'laiMgikI pratipatti ( liMgIkA jJAna ) anumAna hai' kahakara sAdhyajJAnako anumAna mAna liyA hai| jaba unase kahA gayA ki sAdhyajJAnako anumAna mAna lene para phalakA abhAva ho jAegA to ve uttara dete haiM ki 'nahIM, hAna, upAdAna aura upekSAbuddhiyA~ usakA phala haiN| udyotakara yahA~ eka bar3o mahattvapUrNa bAta aura kahate haiN| vaha yaha ki sabhI pramANa apane viSayake prati bhAvasAdhana hai-'pramitiH pramANam' arthAt pramiti hI pramANa hai aura viSayAntarake prati karaNa sAdhana hai-'pramoyate'neneti' arthAt jisake dvArA artha pramita ho use pramANa kahate haiM / isa prakAra ve anumAnakI ukta sAdhyajJAnarUpa paribhASA bhAvasAdhanameM svIkAra karate haiN| dharmabhUSaNane isI mahattvapUrNa tathyakA udghATana kiyA tathA sAdhyajJAna hI anumAna hai, isakA samarthana kiyaa| isa prakAra jaina anumAnako paribhASAkA mUla rUpa svAmI samantabhadrako 'sadharmaNaiva sAdhyasya' isa AptamImAMsAkI kArikA ( 106 )meM nihita hai aura usakA vikasita rUpa siddhasenake nyAyAvatAra ( kA0 5 )se Arambha hokara akalaMkako uparyukta laghIyastraya / kA0 12 ) aura nyAyavinizcaya ( dvi0 bhA0 2 / 1 ) gata donoM paribhASAoMmeM parisamApta hai| laghIyastrayako anumAnaparibhASA to itanI vyavasthita, yukta aura pUrNa hai ki usameM kisI bhI prakArake sudhAra, saMzodhana, parivarddhana yA pariSkArakI bhI guMjAyaza nahIM hai / anumAnakA prayojakatattva kyA hai aura svarUpa kyA hai, ye donoM bAteM usameM samAviSTa hai / gautamako 'tatpUrvakamanumAnam',prazastapAdakI 'liMgadarzanAt saMjAyamAna laiMgi 1. dhAraNAkhyo'nubhavaH smRtau hetuH| tAdAtvikAnubhavasmRtI prtybhishaane| smRtipratyabhi zAnAnubhavAH sAdhyasAdhanaviSayAstakeM / tada lliMgazAnaM vyAptismaraNAdisahakRtamanumAnotpattau nibandhanamityetatsusaMgatameva / -nyAyadI0 pRSTha 66, 67 / 2. bhavatu vA'yamoM laiMgiko pratipattiranumAnamiti / nanu ca phalAbhAvo doSa uktaH ? na doSaH / hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhInAM phalatvAt / -nyAyavA0 1 / 113, pRSTha 28, 26 / 3. vahI, 111 // 3, pR0 26 / 4. nyA0 sU0 161 / 5 /

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anumAna-samIkSA : 9. kam" aura udyotakarako liMgaparAmarzo'numAnam'2 paribhASAoMmeM hameM kevala kAraNakA nirdeza milatA hai, anumAnake svarUpakA nhiiN| udyotakarakI eka anya paribhASA 'laigikI pratipattiranumAnam meM svarUpakA hI ullekha hai, kAraNakA usameM koI sUcana nahIM hai| diDnAgako 'liMgAdarthadarzanam'4 anumAnaparibhASAmeM yadyapi kAraNa aura svarUpa donoMko abhivyakti hai, parantu usameM liMgako kAraNake rUpameM sUcita kiyA hai, ligake jJAnako nhiiN| kintu tathya yaha hai ki ajJAyamAna ghUmAdi liMga agni Adike janaka nahIM hai / anyathA jo puruSa soyA huA hai, agRhItavyAptika hai use bhI parvatameM dhUmake sadbhAvamAtrase anumAna ho jAnA caahie| kintu aisA nahIM hai| parvatameM agnikA anumAna usI puruSako hotA hai jisane pahale mahAnasa AdimeM dhUma-agniko eka sAtha anekabAra dekhA aura unakA avinAbhAva grahaNa kiyA, phira parvatake samIpa pahu~ca kara dhUmako dekhA, agni aura dhUmakI vyApti (avinAbhAva)kA smaraNa kiyA aura phira parvatameM unakA avinAbhAva jAnA taba usa puruSako 'parvatameM agni hai' aisA anumAna hotA hai| kevala liMgake sadbhAvamAtrase nahIM / ataH diDnAgake ukta anumAnalakSaNameM 'liMgAt'ke sthAnameM 'liMganarzanAt' pada hone para hI vaha purNa anumAnalakSaNa ho sakatA hai| akalaMkadevakA 'liMgAtsAdhyAvinAbhAvAminibAMdhe kalakSaNAt / liMgidhIranumAnaM tatphalaM hAnAdibuddhayaH // ' yaha anumAna lakSaNa ukta doSoMse mukta hai / isameM anumAnake sAkSAt kAraNakA bhI pratipAdana hai aura usakA svarUpa bhI nirdiSTa hai / sabase bar3I bAta yaha hai ki isameM unhoMne 'tatphalaM hAnAdibuddhayaH' zabdoM dvArA anumAnake phalakA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| sambhavataH inhIM saba bAtoMse uttaravartI sabhI jaina tAkikoMne akalaMkako isa pratiSThita aura pUrNa anumAna-paribhASAko ho 1. praza0 bhA0 pRSTha 96 / 2. nyAyavA0 115, pR0 45 / 3. vahI, 111 // 3, pRSTha 28 / 4. nyA0 pra0 pRSTha 7 / 5. ajJAyamAnasya tasya ( ligasya ) sAdhyazAnajanakatve hi suptAdInAmagRhItadhUmAdInAmapya gnyaadijnyaanotpttiprsNgH| -nyA0 dI0, pRSTha 67 / 6. agRhItavyApteriva gRhItavismRtavyApterapi puso'numAnAnudayena vyAptismRterapyanu mitihetutvAt / dhUmadarzanAccobuddhasaMskAro vyAptiM smarati / yo yo dhUmavAn sa so'gnimAn yathA mahAnasa iti / tena dhUmadarzane jAte byAptismRtau bhUtAyAM yadhUmazAnaM tat tRtIyaM "ghUmavAMzcAyam" iti / tadevAgnimanumApayati nAnyat / -tarkabhA0 pR0 78, 79 / 7. laSIya0 kA0 12 / 13

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98 : jaina tarkazAsa meM anumAna-vicAra apane tarkagranthoMmeM apanAyA hai / vidyAnanda jaise tAkikamUrdhanyane to '....anumAna vidurbudhAH'' kaha kara aura 'AcAryoM dvArA use kathita batalA kara usake mahattvakA bhI khyApana kiyA hai / (gha) anumAnakA kSetra vistAra : arthApatti aura abhAvakA antarbhAva : jaisA ki hama pahale nirdeza kara Aye haiM ki parokSa pramANake pAMca bheda hai(1) smRti, (2) pratyabhijJAna, (3) tarka, (4) anumAna aura (5) Agama / inake atirikta anya pramANAntara jaina darzanameM amyupagata nahIM haiN| vicAraNIya hai ki jina upamAna, arthApatti, abhAva, sambhava, aitihya, nirNaya, prAtibha, ArSa, siddhadarzana aura ceSTAkA ullekha karake unake pramANa hone athavA na hone kI carcA anya darzanoM meM kI gayI hai unake viSayameM jaina darzanakA kyA dRSTikoNa hai ? unakA svIkRta pramANoMmeM antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai yA unheM apramANa kahA gayA hai ? ___gautamane pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabdake atirikta upamAnako bhI cauthe pramANake rUpameM svIkAra kiyA hai| mImAMsAdarzanake bhASyakAra zabarasvAmIne ukta cAra pramANoMke sAtha arthApatti aura abhAvakA bhI pAMcaveM tathA chaThe pramANake rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA hai / sambhava Adiko kinhoMne pramANa mAnA hai, isakA spaSTa nirdeza upalabdha nyAya evaM darzanake granthoM meM nahIM miltaa| para prazastapAdane unakA ullekhapUrvaka yathAyogya antarbhAva avazya dikhAyA hai| prazastapAdakA mata ki caubIsa guNoMmeM jo buddhi hai, jise upalabdhi, jJAna aura pratyaya nAmoMse kahA jAtA hai, vaha aneka prakArake arthoMko jAnaneke kAraNa yadyapi aneka prakArakI hai phira bhI use do vargoMmeM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) avidyA aura (2) vidyA / avidyA cAra prakArakI hai-(1) saMzaya, (2) viparyaya (3) anadhyavasAya aura (4) svapna / vidyAke bhI cAra bheda haiM--(1) pratyakSa, (2) laiMgika, (3) smRti aura (4) aarss| inameM pratyakSa aura laiMgika ye do 1. ta0 zlo0 1313, pR0 167 / 2. nyA0 sU0 1 / 1 / 3 / 3. mI060 bhA0 11115 / 4. praza0 bhA0 pR0 106-129 / 5. vahI, pR0 83.93 / 6. vahI pRSTha 94 / 7. vahI, pR0 98, 6 | 8. vahI, pR0 106 /

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bhanumAna-samIkSA : 99 vidyAeM pramANa haiM / para smRti aura ArSa ye mAtra vidyAe~ (jJAna) haiM / ve na atirikta pramANa haiM aura na ukta do pramANoMmeM antarbhUta haiM kyoMki ve paricchedakamAtra haiM, vyavasthApaka nahIM / prazastapAdane 'zabdAdInAmapyanumAne'ntarbhAvaH samAnavidhitvAt 2 kahakara zabda, ceSTA, upamAna, arthApatti, sambhava tathA aitihyakA anumAnameM antarbhAva kiyA hai| nirNAya' eka vizeSadarzanase utpanna avadhANAtmaka jJAna hai jo kahIM pratyakSAtmaka hotA hai aura kahIM anumAnAtmaka / pratyakSAtmaka nirNaya pratyakSapramANameM aura anumAnAtmaka nirNaya anumAnameM antarbhUta hai / ArSa ArSajJAnarUpa hai| isIko prAtibha kahate hai| yaha RSivizeSoMko hotA hai, jo Atma-manaHsaMyoga aura dharmavizeSase granthoM meM kathita athavA akathita dharmAdi atIndriya padorcAko viSaya karatA hai / yaha alaukika prAtibha (ArSa) hai| laukikoMko bhI yaha kabhI kadAcit hotA hai| udAharaNArtha 'kanyakA bravIti zvaH meM bhrAtA ''ganteti hRdayaM me kathayati' arthAt kanyA kahatI hai ki kala merA bhAI AegA, aisA merA dila bola rahA hai / siddha darzanako prazastapAdane alaga jJAnAntara to nahIM mAnA, para use pratyakSa aura anumAnake antargata hI batalAyA hai| kadAcit ArSameM bhI usakA antarbhAva ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra prazastapAdane jJAnoMke antarbhAvakA saMkSepameM pratipAdana kiyA hai| gautamane aitihya, arthApatti, sambhava aura abhAvakA ullekha karake unako atirikta pramANatAkI mImAMsA karate hue zabdameM aitihyakA aura anumAnameM arthApatti, sambhava tathA abhAva ina tInoMkA antarbhAva kiyA hai| jaina tAkikoMne bhI ina para sakSma vicAra kiyA hai aura unakI puSkala cacoM prastuta kI hai| jainAgamoMmeM jJAna aura usake vibhinna prakAroMkA vistRta nirUpaNa upalabdha hai| AhartadarzanameM jJAnako AtmAkA svaparAvabhAsaka asAdhAraNa guNa mAnA gayA hai aura use usakA AtmarUpa ( svabhAva ) svIkAra kiyA hai, saMyogaja yA samavAyI nahIM / AvaraNake nyUnAdhika abhAvase vaha manda, mandatara, 1. pra0 bhA0, pRSTha 128, 129 / 2. vahI, pR0 106.112 / 3. vahI, pR0 127, 128 / 4. vahI, pR0 128, 129 / 5. vahI, pR0 126 / 6. nyAyasU0 2 / 2 / 1, 2 / 7. tatra zAnaM tAvadAtmanaH svaparAvabhAsakaH asAdhAraNo gunnH| sa ca abhrapaTavinimuktasya bhAsvata va nirastasamastAvaraNasya jIvasya svabhAvabhUtaH kevalazAnavyapadezaM lbhte| -yazovijaya, zAnabi0 pra0 pRSTha 1 /

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100 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra mandatama, tIvra, tIvratara, tovratama jaise avacchedaka bhedoMko dhAraNa karatA hai tathA AgamabhASAmeM mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala pAMca mUla bhedoM dvArA vyavahRta hotA hai| inameM Adya cAra jJAnoMke bhI aneka upabheda haiN| para 'kevala' eka rUpa hai aura pUrNa hai / usameM aMza-bheda nahIM hai / yaha jIvanmuktoM ( arhatoM ) tathA pUrNa muktAtmAoM ( siddhoM )ke hI hotA hai| vaizeSikoMke siddhadarzanase usakI kucha tulanA evaM pahacAna kI jA sakatI hai, sUkSma, vyavahita aura dUrastha sabhI padArthoMko yaha yugapat jAnatA hai ( tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapatsavamAsanamA0 mI0 101 ) aura nirAvaraNa honeke anantara phira naSTa nahIM hotA-sadA vidyamAna rahatA hai| isIse ise avinAzI, asIma, pUrNa aura ananta kahA gayA hai / tarka yugameM inhIM jJAnoMko parokSa aura pratyakSa do pramANoMmeM vibhAjita kiyA hai| mati aura zruta ye do indriyAdi parApekSa honese parokSa kahe gaye haiM aura zeSa tIna indriyAdiko apekSA na rakhaneke kAraNa pratyakSa mAne gaye haiN| parokSa pramANakA kSetra itanA vyApaka aura vistRta hai ki isameM una sabhI jJAnoMkA samAveza ho jAtA hai jinameM indriya aura manakI sahAyatA apekSita hai| aise kucha jJAnoMkA ullekha 'mati smRti: saMjJA cintAminibodha ityanantaram'" sUtra dvArA AcArya gRddha picchane kiyA hai aura 'iti' zabdase isI prakArake anya jJAnoMke bhI saMgrahakI unhoMne sUcanA kI hai| ve anya jJAna kauna hai, isakA spaSTa nirdeza hameM A0 vidyAnandake vivecanase milatA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki sUtrakArane 'iti' zabdase, jo prakArArthaka hai, buddhi, medhA, prajJA, pratibhA, abhAva, sambhava, arthApatti aura upamAnakA saMgraha kiyA hai / artha grahaNakI jisameM zakti hai use buddhi kahate haiN| yaha mati (avagrahAdi anubhavavizeSa kA prakAra hai| arthAt vaha anubhavarUpa matijJAnakA eka bheda hai / zabdasmaraNakI zakti medhA hai / vaha kinhIM-kinhIM mahA 1. ta0 sU0 1113 / 2. iti zabdAtpakArArthAd buddhimadhA ca gRhyate / prajJA ca pratibhA'bhAvaH sambhavopamitI tathA // buddhimateH prakAraH syAdarthagrahaNazaktikA / medhA smRteH tathA zabdasmRtizaktimanasvinAm // UhApohAtmikA prajJA cintAyAH prtibhopmaa| sAdRzya.pAdhike bhAve sAdRzye tadvizeSaNe // pravartamAnA keSAMcid dRSTA sAdRzyasaMvidaH / saMjJAyAH, sambhavAdyastu laiMgikasya tathAgateH / -ta. klo0 1 / 13 / 3,5,6,7, pRSTha 188 /

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anumAna-samIkSA : 1.. manAoMke utpanna hotI hai aura smaraNasAmAnyase viziSTa hotI hai| yaha smaraNakA prakAra hai| UhApoharUpa prajJA hai / usakA cintA (tarka)meM samAveza hai / prasAdaguNase yukta navIna-navIna arthoke jJAnako vyakta karanevAlI pratibhA bhI cintAkA prakAra hai| sAdRzya-viziSTa vastumeM yA vastu-viziSTa sAdRzyameM hone vAlA sAdRzyajJAnarUpa upamAna saMjJA (pratyabhijJAna kA prakAra hai| arthAt 'goke sadRza gavaya hotA hai' isa vRddha vAkyakA smaraNa kara araNyameM gavayako dekhakara 'aisI ho gAya hotI hai| aisA sadRzakA jJAna honA athavA isakA sAdRzya gAyameM hai, aisA sAdRzyakA jJAna honA upamAna hai / yaha sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnase bhinna nahIM hai / __ isI sandarbhameM vidyAnandane sambhava, arthApatti, abhAva aura koI upamAnajJAnako liMgajanya honese unheM laiMgika ( anumAna )ke antargata pratipAdana kiyA hai / hama pIche prazastapAdakA ullekha kara Ae haiM / unhoMne bhI ina cAroM jJAnoMko liMgajanya batalA kara unakA anumAnameM antarbhAva kiyA hai| arthApatti aura abhAva anumAnase pRthak nahIM haiM : mImAMsaka arthApattiko anumAnase pRthaka pramANa mAnane meM pradhAna yukti yaha dete hai ki anumAnameM dRSTAntakI apekSA hotI hai aura sAdhyasAdhanake avinAbhAva ( vyApti )kA nirNaya dRSTAntameM hotA hai| para arthApattimeM dRSTAnta apekSita nahIM hotA aura na anyathAnupapadyamAna tathA kalpita artha ke avinAbhAvakA nizcaya dRSTAntameM hotA hai, apitu pakSameM hI hotA hai| isI prakAra anumAname bahirvyApti dikhAyI jAtI hai| parantu arthApatti meM kevala antarvyAptiko mAnA gayA hai| ataH arthApatti anumAnase pRthak pramANa hai ? jaina tArkikoMkA mata hai ki arthApatti aura anumAnakA ukta bheda vAsta dRSTAntanirapekSatvaM ligaNyApi niveditam / tanna mAnAntaraM liMgAdarthApattyAdivedanam // siddhaH sAdhyAvinAbhAvo yarthApatta: prabhAvakaH / -ta. zlo0 1 / 13 / 390, 386, pRSTha 217 / (kha) tato yathA'vinAbhAvaH pramANAstitvasAdhane / adRSTAnte'pi nitistathA syAdanyahetuSu / -vAdIbhasiMha, syA0 si0 9.9, pRTa 32 / (ga) nanu liMgasya dRSTAntadharmiNi pravRttapramANavazAtsarvopasaMhAreNa svasAdhyaniyatatva nizcayaH, arthApattyuttthApakArthasya tu sAdhyamiNyeva pravRttapramANAtsarvopasaMhAraNAdRSTArthInyathAnupapadyamAnatvanizcaya ityanayobhedaH, naitadyuktam, na hi liMga sapakSAnugamamAtreNa gamakam , vajrasya lohalekhyatve pArthivatvavat, zyAmatve tatputratvavadA / kiM tahi? 'antarvyAptibalena' iti - -prabhAcandra, prameyaka0 mA0 2 / 2, pRSTha 194 /

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102 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra vika nahIM hai / yathArthameM anumAnameM bhI dRSTAnta Avazyaka nahIM hai / 'sarvamanekAntAtmakaM sattvAta, pramayatvAdvA'-sabhI vastue~ anekAntasvarUpa haiM, kyoMki ve sat hai athavA prameya haiM, advaitavA dino'pi pramANAni santi iSTAniSTasAdhanadUSamAnyathAnupapatteH'-advaitavAdIke bhI pramANa haiM anyathA iSTakA sAdhana aura aniSTa kA dUSaNa nahIM bana sakegA, ityAdi anumAnoMmeM dRSTAnta nahIM hai aura unakI vyAptikA nirNaya pakSameM hI hotA hai| ataH jisa taraha ina anumAnoMmeM dRSTAntake binA bhI pakSameM hI avinAbhAvakA nirNaya ho jAtA hai usI taraha anya hetuoMmeM bhI samajha lenA caahie| yahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vinA dRSTAnnake sAdhyasAdhanake avinAbhAvakA nirNaya pakSameM kaise ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vahAM sAdhya to ajJAta hai aura jaba taka sAdhya tathA sAdhana donoMkA jJAna nahIM hogA taba taka unake avinAbhAvakA nizcaya asambhava hai ? yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki dRSTAntake binA bhI ullikhita hetuoMmeM avinAbhAvakA nizcaya vipakSameM bAdhaka pramANake pradarzana evaM tarkase hotA hai| yahI donoM samasta anumAnoMmeM vyAptinizcAyaka haiN| vyApti nizcayake lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki sAdhyakA jJAna hone para hI usakA nizcaya ho, kyoMki vyApti to hetukA svarUpa hai aura hetukA jJAna hetu prayAgake samaya ho jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki dRSTAntake binA bhI kevala pakSameM athavA pakSake abhAvameM bhI vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANake bala tathA takase sAdhyasAdhanake avinAbhAvakA nirNaya ho jAtA hai / ataH dRSTAntakA sadbhAva-asadbhAva anumAna aura arthApattike pArthakyakA prayojaka nahIM hai| bahirvyApti aura antarvyApti bhI anumAna aura arthApattikI bhedaka rekhAe~ nahIM ho sakatIM / yathArtha meM bahirvyApti avyabhicAriNI vyApti nahIM hai / ' zyAmaH tatputratvAt itaratatputravat' ityAdi sthaloMmeM bahirvyAptike vidyamAna rahane para bhI 1. dRSTAntarahite kasmAdavinAbhAvanirNayaH / anyatra jJAtasambandhasAdhyasAdhanayobhavet // pakSe tannirNayo na syAtsAdhyasyApratipattitaH / sAdhyasAdhanavittau hi pakSe tannirNayo bhavet // iti cetpakSa eva syaadvinaabhaavnirnnyH| vipakSe bAdhasAmarthyAttarkAccAsya vinizcayaH // -vAdIbhasiMha, syAdvAdasi0 6 / 10, 12, 11 / 2. iti cedavinAbhAvaH sAdhyAzAne'pi gamyate / tasya hetoH svarUpatvAtsAmagrIto'sya nirNayaH // -vahI, 9 / 14 /

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anumAna-samIkSA : 103 antarvyAptike abhAvameM 'tatputratva' Adi hetu sAdhyake gamaka nahIM hai|' vAstava meM antarvyAptike balase hI hetuko jainadarzanameM gamaka mAnA gayA hai| ataH antarvyApti hI vAstavika vyApti hai, bahiApti nahIM aura antarvyAptise viziSTa hetu dvArA utpanna jJAnako hI anumAna kahA gayA hai / ataeva arthApatti aura anumAnameM koI bheda nahIM hai-anumAnameM hI usakA antarbhAva hai kyoMki donoMkA prayojaka tattva eka avinAbhAva ( anyathAnupapatti-antarvyApti ) hI hai aura usase viziSTaavinAbhAvI liMgase hI donoM utpanna hote haiN| anyathAnupapadyamAna artha aura avinAbhAvI liMgameM tAttvika koI antara nahIM hai| pakSadharmatvasahitA arthApatti, pakSadharmatvarahitA arthApatti, pratyakSArthApatti, anumAnArthApatti, upamAnArthApatti, zabdArthApatti, arthApattipUrvikA arthApatti aura abhAvArthApatti ye arthApattike bheda avinAbhAvarUpa ekalakSaNase lakSita honese anumAnakA hI vistAra haiN| abhAvako pramANAntara svIkAra karane vAle bhATTa mImAMsakoMkA mata hai ki yataH vastu bhAvAbhAvAtmaka hai, ataH usake bhAvAMzakA grahaNa to pratyakSAdi pAMca bhAbapramANoMse ho sakatA hai| parantu usake abhAzAMzakA parijJAna unake dvArA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki prameya bhinna hai| ataeva vahAM pratyakSAdi pAMca pramANoMkA praveza nahIM hai vahAM abhAvako pramANa mAnA gayA hai| pratyakSase jaba hama ghaTarahita bhRtalako dekhate haiM aura pratiyogI ghaTakA smaraNa karate hai to yahAM ghar3A nahIM hai' isa prakArakA indriyanirapekSa mAnasika nAstitAjJAna hotA hai| yaha nAstitAgrAhI jJAna hI abhAvapramANa hai ? jaina vicArakoMkA mantavya hai ki jaba vastu bhAvAbhAvAtmaka hai aura bhAvAMza abhAvAMzase bhinna nahIM hai to jo pramANa bhAvAMzako jAnegA vahIM abhAvAzako jAna legA, use jAnaneke lie alaga pramANako AvazyakatA nahIM hai / tathya hai ki jaba yaha 1. kiM ca pakSAdidharmatve'pyantApteterabhAvataH / tatputratvAdihetUnAM gamakatvaM na dRzyate // pakSavarmatvahInA'pi gamakaH kRttikodayaH / antarvyApterataH saiva gamakatvaprasAdhanI / / -syA0 si0, 4 / 82, 63 / / 2. pramANapaMcaka yatra vasturUpe na jAyate / vastusattAvabodhArthaM tatrAbhAvapramANatA // gRhItvA vastusadbhAvaM smRtvA ca pratiyoginam / mAnasaM nAstitAzAnaM jAyate'kSAnapekSayA // na tAvadindriyeNaiSA nAstItyutpAdyate matiH / bhAvAMzanaiva sambandho yogyatvAdindriyasya hi / / -kumArila, mI0 zlo0 abhAva0 50 zlo0 1, 27, 18 /

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104 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra kahate haiM ki 'hama ghaTarahita bhUtalako dekhate haiM to bhUtalake sAtha usake vizeSaNarUpase ghaTarahitAko bhI dekhate haiN| yaha asambhava hai ki daNDavAle devadattako dekheM aura daNDako na dekheM / yataH vizeSaNake jJAnake binA 'daNDavAlA devadatta' aisA viziSTa jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra ghaTarahita bhUtalako dekhate samaya usake ghaTarahitatA-vizeSaNakA jJAna hue binA 'ghaTarahita bhUtala' aisA viziSTa pratyakSa nahIM ho sktaa| ata: jaba hama aisA jAnate haiM yA zabdaprayoga karate haiM ki 'ghaTarahita bhUtala hai' yA 'bhUtala ghaTarahita hai' to anindriya pratyakSa ( mAnasa pratyakSa ) dvArA hI ghaTAbhAvakA jJAna hotA hai| kintu jaba hama aisA jAnate yA jJAna karate haiM ki 'yahAM ghar3A nahIM hai, kyoMki upalabdha nahIM hotA', to yaha ghaTAbhAvajJAna anupalabdhiliMgajanita anumAna hai|3 saca yaha hai ki anekabAra bhUtala para ghar3A dekhA thA, parantu amuka bAra usakA darzana nahIM huA to vahAM svabhAvataH akele bhUtalako dekhane aura bhUtalasaMsRSTa ghar3ekA smaraNa hone para 'yahAM ghar3A nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha dekhanemeM nahIM AtA, yadi hotA to avazya dikhAI detA' isa prakArakA UhApoha ( tarka ) pUrvaka utpanna yaha laiMgika ( anumAna ) jJAna hI hai, bhale hI use mAnasa kahA jAe, kyoMki anumAna bhI mAnasajJAnakA eka prakAra hai / ataH abhAvapramANa anumAnase arthAntara nahIM hai--usImeM usakA samAveza hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki anumAnake pradhAna aMga hetuke bheda-prabhedoMmeM pratiSedhasAdhaka upalabdhi hetu aura vidhi tathA pratiSedhasAdhaka anupalabdhi hetuoMkI bhI parigaNanA kI gayI hai aura unase hone vAle anumeyArtha-abhAvake jJAnako anumAna pratipAdana kiyA hai| sambhavakA anumAnameM antarbhAva : sambhava pramANa bhI anumAnase bhinna nahIM hai| yaha eka prakArakA sambhAva 1. bhAvAbhAvatmake mAve bhAvavitsyAdabhAvavit // prAgabhAvAdyabhAvazA nanvabhAvapramA, ttH| bhAvapramANato'nyAyAstasyA evAnirIkSaNAt / -vAdIbhasiMha, sampA0darabArIlAla koThiyA, syAdvAdasi0 1218, 1,2 / niSedhyAdhAro vastvantaraM pratiyogisaMsRSTaM pratoyaye asaMsRSTaM vA ? ... / dvitIyapakSe abhAvapramANavaiyarthyam, pratyakSeNaiva prtiyogino'bhaavprtN.teH| -prabhAcandra, prameyaka0 mA0 2 / 2, pRSTha 203 / 2. atreti zAnamadhyakSa prAgvizAte ghaTe smRtiH| anupalambhatA nAstItyuktAvanumitirbhavet / / svArthAnubhUtisambhUtighaTAdismaraNe bhavet / hetvAdivacane tatsyAtparArthA'pi ca sA'namA // vAdIbhasiMha, syA0 si0 12 / 3, 5 / 3. parIkSAmukha 3354, 67-85 /

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bhanumAna-samIkSA : 105 nAtmaka jJAna hai / jaise 'sambhavati sahasra zatam' arthAt hajArameM so sambhava haiM / athavA do sera vastuko dekhakara usameM eka sera vastukI sambhAvanA karanA / yaha jJAna anumAnake antargata A jAtA hai, kyoMki pratyakSa-sahasra yA do serako dekhakara parokSa-sau yA eka serakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / vidyAnandane isakA ullekha karake ise anumAnameM antarbhUta kiyA hai / ' prAtibhakA anumAnameM samAveza : vidyAnandane prAtibhajJAnakA bhI nirdeza kiyA aura usakA anumAnameM samAveza kiyA hai| jisa ratnAdike prabhAva evaM mUlyAdiko sAmAnyajana na jAna sakeM, kintu atyanta abhyAsake kAraNa tadvizeSajJa vyakti usake prabhAva evaM mUlyAdiko tatkAla jAna leM, aise jJAnako prAtibha kahA gayA hai| yaha jJAna anumAna hI hai, kyoMki jina hetuoMse yaha hotA hai ve liMgase bhinna nahIM haiM / ataH yaha laiMgika hI hai| ___yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki vidyAnandase parva akalaMkane bhI tattvArthavAtikameM upamAna, zabda, aitihya, arthApatti, sambhava aura abhAvake ullegva-pUrvaka upamAna, zabda aura aitihyakA zrutameM evaM arthApatti, sambhava aura abhAvakA anumAnameM antarbhAva kiyA hai / akalaMkako yahAM eka vizeSatA parilakSita hotI hai / unhoMne anumAnakA bhI zrutameM samAveza kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki svapratipattikAlameM vaha anakSa razruta hai aura parapratipAdana ( pratipatti ) kAlameM akSarazruta / yahA~ akalaMkadevane paTakhaNDAgamakI paramparAnusAra anumAnako zruta batalAyA hai / hama pahale likha cuke haiM ki AgamameM eka arthase dUsare arthake jAnaneko zruta kahA gayA hai / anumAnameM bhI eka artha ( dhUmAdika )se dUsare artha ( agnyAdika )kI pratipatti kI jAtI hai / ataH AgamakI paramparAko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI akalaMkadevane tattvArthavAtikameM anumAnako zruta ( anakSarazruta aura akSarazruta )meM antarbhUta kiyA hai / dhyAna rahe ki 1. sambhavaH pramANAntaramADhakaM dRSTvA sambhavatyADhamiti pratipattaranyathA virodhAt / ''sambhavAdezca yo hetuH so'pi liMgAnna bhiyate / ta0 zlo0 vA0 1 / 13 / 388, 3.9, pR0 217 / 2. prAtibhaM ca pramANAntaramatyantAbhyAsAdanyajanAvedyasya ratnAdiprabhAvasya jhaTiti pratipattedarzanAdityanye tAn prtiidmucyte...| -vahI, 1113 / 388, pRSTha 217 / 3. tattvArthavA0 1 / 20 / 15, pR0 78 / 4. 'yasmAdetAnyanumAnAdIni zrute antarbhavanti tadetattritayamapi (anumAna) svapratipattikAle anakSarazrutaM parapratipAdanakAle akSarazrutam / -tatvArthavA0 1 / 13 / 15, pRSTha 78 /

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106 : jaina tarkazAstrameM bhanumAna-vicAra unhoMne' upamAna, arthApatti, sambhava aura abhAvako bhI svapratipattikAlameM anakSarazruta aura parapratipatti kAlame akSarazruta kahA hai, kyoMki inake dvArA bhI donoM prakArako pratipatti hotI hai / . para vidyAnanda svapratipatikAlameM hone vAle anumAna-svArthAnumAnako tattvArthasUtrakAra AcArya gRddhapicchake abhiprAyAnusAra abhinibodhanAmaka viziSTa matijJAna batalAte haiM, use ve zruta ( anakSarazruta ) nahIM kahate, kyoMki vaha zabdayojanArahita hotA hai| kintu ve parArthAnumAna (parapratipatikAlameM honevAle anumAna ) ko hI azrotramati aura zrotramatijanya anakSarazruta aura akSarazruta donoMrUpa pratipAdana karate haiN| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki vidyAnanda parArthAnumAnako hI zrutake antargata mAnate hai, svArthAnumAnako nahIM / yahAM akalaMka aura vidyAnandake pratipAdanoMmeM eka sakSma antara aura dikhAI detA hai| akalaMka svapratipatikAlameM honevAle anumAna ( svArthAnumAna ) ko anakSarazruta aura parapratipatikAlameM honevAle anumAna (parArthAnumAna )ko akSarazruta kahate haiM / kintu vidyAnanda parArthAnumAnako hI anakSa razruta aura akSarazruta donoMrUpa prakaTa karate hai / isakA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ve svArthAnumAna ko zabdayojanArahita viziSTamatijJAna ( abhinibodha-matijJAna ) mAnate haiM aura apanI isa mAnyatAkA AdhAra tattvArthasUtrakArake 'mati:smRti: 7....' Adi satra meM Aye 'abhinibodha' ko, jo matijJAnakA paryAya hai aura jise tarkakA phala 1. 'yathA gaustathA gavayaH kevalaM sAsnArahitaH' ityupamAnamapi svaparapratipattiviSayatvAdakSarAnakSarazrute antarbhabati / eteSAmapyarthApattyAdInAmanuktAnAmanumAnasamAnatvamiti pUrvavat shrutaantrbhaavH| -tattvAthavA0 1 / 20 / 15, pR0 78 / 2. tadetatsAdhanAt sAdhyavizAnamanumAnaM svArthamabhinibodhalakSaNaM viziSTamatizAnaM sAdhyaM pratya bhimukhAnniyamitAtsAdhanAdupajAtabodhasya tarkaphalasyAbhinibodha iti saMzApratipAdanAt -pra0 pa0 pR0 76 / 3. liMgajo bodhaH zabdayojanArahito'bhinibodha eveti / 'satyaM svArthAnumAnaM tu vinA yacchabdayojanAt / ' -tattvArthazlo0 vA0 11131388, pR0 216 / 4. parArthamanumAnabhanakSara zrutajJAnaM akSarazrutazAnaM ca, tasyAzrotramatipUrvakasya zrotramati pUrvakasya ca tthaatvopptteH| -pra0pa0 pR0 76 / 5. tadetattritayamapi (anumAnaM) svapratipattikAle anakSarazrutaM parapratipAdanakAle akSarazrutam / -ta0 vA0 1 / 13 / 15, pR0 78 / 6. pra0pa0 pR0 76 / tathA pichale pRSThakA phuTanoTa / 7. tattvArthasU0 1113 /

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anumAna-samIkSA : 107 kahA jAtA hai,' batalAte hai / kucha bhI ho, anumAna cAhe matijJAna ho, cAhe zrutajJAna / vaha parokSapramANa to hai hI, aura vaha itanA vyApaka evaM vistRta kSetravAlA hai ki usameM arthApatti, sambhava aura abhAvakA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai, jaisA ki hama Upara dekha cuke hai / akalaMkane itanA vizeSa aura pratipAdana kiyA hai ki ye tInoM tathA upamAna svapratipatti bhI karAte haiM aura parapratipatti bhii| ceSTA aura prAtibha bhI liMgaja honese anumAnameM hI antarbhukta haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina anumAnakA kSetra bahuta vistRta aura vizAla hai| nAnA jJAnoMko ekatra lAne, jor3ane aura unheM 'anumAna' jaisI vyApaka saMjJA denevAlI jo mahattvapUrNa kar3I hai vaha hai 'anyathAnapapannatva' arthAt jo jJAna anyathAnupapannamAdhanajJAnajanya haiM ve saba anumAna haiM / anyathAnupapannatvakA vicAra Age kiyA jaaegaa| 1. sAdhanAdupajAtabodhasya takaphalasya / -pra0pa0 pRSTha 76 / 2. 'idamantareNa idamanupapannam' isake vinA yaha nahIM hotA-agnike vinA dhUma nahIM hotA, isa prakArake anumAna-prayojaka tattvako 'anyathAnapapannatva' kahA gayA hai|

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adhyAya:3 prathama pariccheda anumAnabheda-vimarza pichale adhyAyameM anumAnake svarUpakI mImAMsA kI gayI hai| yahA~ usake bhedoMpara vimarza kiyA jaayegaa| vaizeSika : vaizeSikasUtrakArane' liGga ( hetu )se utpanna honevAle laiGgika ( anumAna )ke pAMca bhedoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| ve ye haiM-1 kArya, 2 kAraNa, 3 saMyogi, 4 virodhi aura 5 smvaayi| para vastutaH ye liGgake bheda haiM / kAraNameM kAryakA upacAra karake unheM laiGgikake bheda kahA gayA hai| bhASyakAra prazastapAdane anya do prakArase anumAnake bhedoMkA pratipAdana kiyA hai| prathama prakArase dRSTa aura sAmAnyatodRSTa ye do bheda haiM tathA dvitIya prakArase svanizcitArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna ye do haiN| dvitIya prakArase ina do bhedoMkI kalpanA bhASyakArakI svopajJa jAna par3atI hai, 1. asyedaM kArya kAraNaM saMyogi virodhi samavAyi ceti laiGgikam / -vaize0 sU0 9 / 2 / 1 / 2. (ka) tattu dvividhaM dRSTaM sAmAnyatodRSTaM ca / -praza0 bhA0 pR0 104 / (kha) athavA'gnizAnameva pramANaM pramitiragnau gunndossmaadhysthy-drshnmityettsvnishcitaarthmnumaanm| paJcAvayavena vAkyena svanizcitArthapratipAdanaM parArthAnumAnam / paJcAvayavenaiva vAkyena saMzayita-viparyastAvyutpannAnAM pareSAM svanizcitArthapratipAdanaM parArthAnumAnaM zeyam / -vahI, pR0 106, 113 /

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anumAnabheda-vimarza : 109 kyoMki vaha unase pUrva darzana-granthoMmeM upalabdha nahIM hotii| jaba liGgase liGgI ( anumeyArtha ) kA jJAna svayaM kiyA jAtA hai taba svanizcitArthAnumAna ( svArthAnumAna ) kahalAtA hai aura jaba svanizcita anumeyArthakA pratipAdana paJcAvayava vAkya dvArA dUsaroMke lie kiyA jAtA hai. jinheM anumeya meM sandeha, bhrAnti yA anizcaya hai, taba vaha parArthAnumAna kahA jAtA hai / mImAMsA : mImAMsAdarzanameM zabarasvAmI dvArA prazastapAdakI taraha anumAnake dvitIya prakArake bheda to svIkRta nahIM hai, kintu prathama prakArake bheda svIkRta haiN| itanA hI antara hai ki prazastapAdake anumAnake prathama bhedakA nAma 'dRSTa' hai aura zabarasvAmoke anumAnakA Adya bheda 'pratyakSatodRSTasambandha' / isI taraha anumAnake dUsare bhedakA nAma prazastapAdane 'sAmAnyatodRSTa' aura zabarane 'sAmAnyatodRSTasambandha' diyA hai| donoM lagabhaga samAna hI haiN| sambhava hai donoM darzanoMke ina anumAnabhedoMke mUlameM eka hI vicAradhArA rahI ho yA ekane dUsarekA kucha parivartanake sAtha anusaraNa kiyA ho| ___ ina donoM darzanoMke anumAnake dUsare bhedapara gautamake nyAyamUtrokta tIsare anumAna 'sAmAnyatAdRSTa' kA prabhAva ho, to Azcarya nahIM, kyoMki nyAyamUtrameM vaha unase pahale upalabdha hai| nyAya : akSapAdane anumAnake tIna bheda pratipAdita kiye haiM ---1. pUrvavat, 2 zepavat aura sAmAnyatodRSTa / nyAyabhASyakArane' inhIM tInakA samarthana kiyA hai aura unakI do vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI haiM / nyAyavAttikArane nyAyasUtra aura nyAyabhASyake samarthanake atirikta anumAnake kevalAnvayo, kevalavyatirekI aura anvayavyatirekI ye tIna naya bheda bhI parikalpita kiye haiM / 'trividhamkI vyAkhyArUpameM unhoMne sarvaprathama yahI tIna bheda dikhAye haiM / isake bAda anya vyAkhyAe~ dI haiN| ina vyAkhyAoMmeM nyAyabhASyokta 1. tattu dvividham / pratyakSatodraSTasambandhaM sAmAnyatodRSTasambandhaM ca / -zA0 bhA0 115, pR036 / 2. atha tatpUrvakaM trividhamanumAnaM pUrvavaccheSavatsAmAnyatodRSTaM ca / -nyA0 sU0 11115 / 3. nyA0 bhA0 11115, pR0 23 / 4. trividhamiti / anvayI vyatirekI anvayavyatirekI ceti / nyA0 vA0 11115, pR0 46 /

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110 : jaina tarkazAstrameM bhanumAna-vicAra donoM vyAkhyAoMko apanAte hue tIna vyAkhyAe~ aura prastuta kI haiM aura isa taraha udyotakarane 'trividham' padakI chaha vyAkhyAe~ upasthita kI haiN| unhoMne sUtrokta 'ca' zabdase caturlakSaNa aura paJcalakSaNa anumAnoMkA bhI saMgraha karanekI sUcanA kI hai| sAtha hI 'trividham'ko niyamArthaka ( tIna hI hai, aisA ) mAnakara anya vibhinna anumAnoMkA pUrvavat Adi tIna anumAnoMmeM hI saMgraha karanekA saMketa kiyA hai / tathA una aneka prakArake anumAnoM ( 3, 5, 15, 60 aura ananta ) kA dizAbodha karAyA hai| smaraNIya hai ki udyotakarane4 vIta aura avItake bhedase do prakArake anamAnoMkA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| vAcaspatimizrane nyAyabhASya aura nyAyavAttikakA vizadIkaraNa kiyA hai| jayanta bhaTTane" avazya eka nayI paramparA sthApita kI hai| nyAyamaMjarImeM unhoMne prazastapAdokta svArtha aura parArtha dvividha anumAnoMkA kathana kiyA hai, jisakA nyAyadarzanameM abhItaka praveza nahIM ho sakA thaa| isake bAda kezavamizrane to bahuta ho spaSTatayA anumAnake yahI do bheda vaNita kiye haiN| unhoMne na pUrvavat Adi tInakA aura na kevalAnvayI Adi tInakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| hA~, kevalAnvayo Adiko hetubhedoMmeM pradarzita kiyA hai / vAstavameM pUrvavat Adi aura kevalAnvayI Adi hetubheda hI haiN| kAraNameM kAryakA upacAra karake unheM anumAna kahA gayA jAna par3atA hai| vizvanAthane anumAnake pUrvavat Adi bheda na kahakara udyotakaropajJa kevalAnvayo Adi trividha bhedoMkA pratipAdana kiyA hai| gaGgeza upAdhyAyane bhI tattvacintAmaNimeM udyotakarakA anugamana kiyA hai aura pUrvavat Adi nyAyasUtrIya trividha anumAna-paramparAko chor3a diyA hai| annambhaTTako tarkasaMgrahameM 1. cazabdAt pratyakSAgamAviruddhaM cetyevaM catulakSaNaM paJcalakSaNamanumAnamiti / nyA. vA0, 111 / 5, pR0 46 / 2,3. athavA trividhAmAMta niyamArtha anekadhA bhinnasyAnumAnasya trividhena pUrvavadAdinA saMgraha iti niyamaM dazati / -vahI, 11115, pR0 46 / 4. vahI, 111 // 35, pR0 123-125 / . 5. nyA0 maM0 pR0 130-131 / 6. tarkabhA0 pR0 79-80 / 7. traividhyamanumAnasya kevalAnvayibhedataH / traividhyamiti / anumAnaM hi trividhaM kevalAnvayi-kevalavyatirekyanvayavyatirekibhedAt / -si0 mu0 kA0 142, pR0 125 / 8. taccAnumAnaM trividhaM kevalAnvayikevalavyatirekyanvayavyatirekibhedAt / -tattvaci0 jAgadIzI, pR0 795 / / 6. tarkasaM0 pR0 57-59 /

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anumAnabheda-vimarza : 111 jayantabhaTTa aura kezavamizra dvArA anusata svArtha-parArtha dvividha bhedavAlI anumAnaparamparA hI apanAyI gayo hai, anya anumAnabheda usameM cacita nahIM haiM / kevalAnvayI Adiko inhoMne bhI liGgabhedoMmeM parigaNita kiyA hai| lagatA hai ki nyAyadarzanameM anumAna-bhedoMke sambandhameM ekavAkyatA nahIM rhii| vAcaspati taka to nyAyasUtrokta trividha bhedavAlI anumAna-paramparA milatI hai aura unake uttarakAlame yA to udyotakarakI kevalAnvayI Adi tIna bhedovAlI yA jayantabhaTTa dvArA svIkRta prazastapAdokta svArtha-parArtha dvividha bhedavAlI paramparA AdRta hai| isa prakAra nyAyadarzana meM anumAnabhedoMkI tona paramparAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM jo samayakramase pratiSThita haI haiN| tIsarI paramparApara to spaSTataH vaizeSikoM aura sambhavataH vauddhoMkA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / sAMkhya : ___ sAMkhyadarzanake prAcIna grantha sAMkhyakArikAma' anumAnake tIna bheda batalAye haiN| parantu unakI parigaNanA nahIM kii| agalI kArikAmeM eka sAmAnyatodRSTara anumAnakA avazya nirdeza kiyA aura usame atIndriya padArthokI siddhikA kathana kiyA hai| para yuktidopikAkAra, mATharavRttikAra aura tattvakaumudIkArane' apanI vyAkhyAoMmeM una bhedoMko spaSTa kiyA hai| ve bheda vahI hai jo nyAyasUtra meM varNita haiN| vAcaspatina' udyotakarakI taraha anumAnaka vIta aura abIta ye do bheda bhI pradarzita kiye haiM / vItako pUrvavat aura sAmAnyatodRSTa tathA avItako zepavat batalAkara unhoMne mAMkhya aura nyAyaparamparAke anumAna vidhyake sAtha samanvaya bhI kiyA hai| udyotakarake ' saMketAnusAra vAcaspatine eka prAcIna kArikAke uddharaNapUrvaka sAMkhyadarzanake saptavidha anumAnoMkA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura 'ityapi 1. trividhamanumAnamAkhyAtam / -IzvarakRSNa, sAMkhyakA0 5 / 2. sAmAnyatastu dRSTAdatIndriyANAM pratItiranumAnAt / vahA, kA0 6 / 3. yu0 dI0 pR0 43 / 4. mAThara, mATharavR0 kA0 5 / 5. tatsAmAnyato lakSitamanumAnaM vizapastrividham-pUrvavat zapavat sAmAnyatAdRSTaM ceti / -sAM0 ta0 ko0 kA0 5, pR0 30 / / 6. tatra prathamaM tAvat dvividham-trItamavItaM c| tatrAvItaM zeSavat / vItaM baMdhA-pUrvavat sAmAnyatAdRSTaM c| vahI, kA0 5, pR0 30-31 / 7. nyAyavA0 1115, pR0 57 / 8. nyAyavA0 tA0 To0 11115, pR0 165 /

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112 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna - vicAra parAkRtaM veditavyam' kahakara unakA nirAsa kiyA hai / prabhAcandrane' bhI ukta sAta anumAnoMkA savivecana samAlocana kiyA hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki sAMkhyadarzana meM saptavidha anumAnoMkI bhI mAnyatA rahI hai / para yaha saptavidha anumAnakI mAnyatA sAMkhyadarzana ke upalabdha granthoMmeM dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / carakazAstra meM bhI nyAyasUtra ke anusAra bilakula unhIM nAmoMse anumAnake tIna bheda nirdiSTa haiM / bauddha : bauddhadarzana meM anumAna -bhedoMkI do paramparAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM / eka to uparyukta tIna bhedavAlI nyAyasUtrokta nyAyaparamparA aura dUsarI do bhedavAlI dUsarI vaizeSikaparamparA | pahalI upAyahRdayameM milatI hai aura dUsarI diGnAgake pramANasamuccayame / jJAta hotA hai ki diGnAgase pUrva cauthI zatI IsvI taka bauddha darzana meM nyAyaparamparAkA anusaraNa rahA hai / diGnAgane use chor3akara prazastapAdokta svArthaparArthabhedayavAlI vaizeSikaparamparAko svIkAra kiyA / vizeSa yaha ki unhoMne ina donoMkA nirUpaNa pramANasamuccayake chaha paricchedoM meM se dUsare aura tIsare do paricchedoM meM vistArapUrvaka kiyA hai / unake nAma bhI svArthAnumAna pariccheda aura parArthAnumAna pariccheda rakhe haiM / diGnAgake bAda unake ziSya zaMkarasvAmIne bhI inhIM do bhedoMkA pratipAdana kiyA hai / nyAyapraveza meM unhoMne sAdhanako parasaMvit aura anumAnako AtmasaMvit ke lie kahakara 'sAdhana' padase parArthAnumAna aura 'anumAna' padase svArthAnamAna liyA hai / dharmakIrti" Adi uttaravartI bauddha tArkika - ne diGnAgakA anusaraNa kiyA aura upAyahRdayakI trividha bhedavAlI nyAyaparamparAko chor3a diyA hai / jaina tArkikoM dvArA anumAnabheda - samIkSA : prathama adhyAya meM anuyogadvAravaNita pUrvavadAdi trividha anumAnoMkA ullekha tathA svarUpavivecana kiyA jA cukA hai / parantu anuyogasUtra kI yaha trividha anumAnabheda-paramparA jaina tarkagranthoMmeM anusRta nahIM huii| isakA kAraNa yaha jAna par3atA hai ki isa trividha anumAnabheda - paramparAko tarkakI kasauTIpara rakhane (parIkSaNa karane ) para vaha sadoSa ( avyApta aura ativyApta ) dikhAyI par3I / ataeva 1. nyAyakumu0 ca0 3 / 14, pR0 462 / 2. carakasU0 21, 22 / 3. u0 hR0 pR0 13 / 4. nyA0 pra0 pR0 1 / 5. nyA0 bi0 pR0 21, 46 /

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anumAnabheda-vimarza : 113 usakA na kevala parityAga huA, apitu vItAdi mAtrAmAtrikAdi aura saMyogI Adi anumAnabhedoMkI taraha usakI samIkSA bhI kI gayI hai / (ka) akalaGkokta anumAnabhedaH - samIkSA : akalaGkane' ukta anumAnoMke traividhya aura cAtuvidhya athavA pAJcavidhya niyamoM ( pUrvavat Adi tIna prakArakA hI anumAna haiM, vIta Adi tIna tarahakA hI anumAna hai, saMyogI Adi cAra yA pA~ca vidha ho anumAna hai ) kI samIkSA karate hue unheM avyApta batalAyA hai / 'asti AtmA pramANataH upalabdhe', 'sarvajJo'sti sunizcitAsambhavadvAdhakapramANatvAt' 'kharaviSANaM nAsti anupalabdheH ' Adi samIcIna hetu haiM, kyoMki apane sAdhyoMke sAtha unakA avinAbhAva ( vyApti ) hai / para ye hetu na pUrvavat Adi tInake antargata Ate haiM, na vIta Adi nInameM antarbhUta hote haiM aura na saMyogI AdimeM inakA samAveza sambhava hai, kyoMki upalabdhi yA anupalabdhi AtmAdikA kArya yA kAraNa Adi nahIM hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki ukta hetuoM ( pUrvavadAdi ) ko pakSadharmatvAdi trirUpatA yA paMcarUpatA ke AdhArapara yadi gamaka mAnA jAe to 'santi pramANAni iSTasAdhanAta', 'uddeSyati zakaTaM kRnikodayAt" ityAdi hetu gamaka nahIM ho sakeMge, kyoMki inameM na pakSadharmatvAditri patA hai aura na paMcarUpatA / kevala sAdhya - sAdhana meM antarvyApti ( anyathAnupapatti ) ke sadbhAvase hI unameM gamakatA mAnI gayI hai / ataH akalaMkadevakA mantavya hai ki jo hetu anyathAnupapannatvasahita ( apane sAdhya ke abhAva meM na hone vAle ) haiM va hI sAdhyajJAna ( anumAna ) ke janaka haiM aura jo anyathAnupapannatvarahita ( apane sAdhyake abhAva meM bhI rahane vAle ) haiM ve hetu nahIM, hetvAbhAsa haiM aura unase utpanna hone vAlA jJAna anumAnAbhAsa hai / tAtparya yaha ki pUrvavadAdi athavA vItAdi' yA saMyogI Adi hetu tIna rUpoM yA pAMca rUpoMse sampanna hone para bhI yadi anyathAnupapannatvarahita haiM to ve hetvAbhAsa hai| spaSTa hai ki 'sa zyAmastanputratvAta itaratatputravat, ' 'vajraM lohalekhyaM pArthivatvAt dhAtuvan, ' 'imAnyAmraphalAni pakvAni AmraphalasvAta. prasiddhAmraphalavat, ityAdi hetu trirUpatA aura paMcarUpatA se yukta haiM, para apane sAdhyoMka 1. etena pUrvavadvata-saMyAMgyAdau kathA gAtA / tallakSaNaprapaJcazca niSeddhavyo'nayA dizA - nyAyavi0 2 / 173, 174 / 2. vAdirAja, nyA0 vi0 vi0 2 / 173, 50 203 3. pakSadharmatvahInI'pi gamakaH kRttikodrayaH / antavyApterataH saiva gamakatvasAdhana || - vAdIbhasiMha, syA0 si0 4 / 83-84 / 4. utakara, nyA0 vA0 4 / 1 35, pR0 123 / 15

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114 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna- vicAra sAtha unakA anyathAnupapannatva ( vyApti ) nahIM hai / Azaya yaha ki yaha niyama ( vyApti ) nahIM hai ki usakA putra honese use zyAma honA cAhie, pArthiva hone se vajrako lohakhya honA cAhie aura Amraphala hone mAtra me ina AmoMko pake honA cAhie, kyoMki usakA putra hone para bhI vaha ( garbhastha putra ) ayyAma sambhava hai, pArthiva honepara bhI vajra alohalekhya hotA hai aura Amraphala honepara bhI kuchaAmraphala apake ( kacce ) ho sakate haiM / ataeva ye hetu hetvAbhAsa hai / akalaMkake isI Azayako vyakta karate hue unake vivaraNakAra vAdirAjane likhA hai anyathAnupapattizcet, pAMcarUpyeNa kiM phalam / vinApi tena tanmAtrAt hetubhAvAvakalpanAn // nAnyathAnupapattizcata pAMcarUpyeNa kiM phalam / matApi vyabhicArasya tenAzakyanirAkRtaH // anyathAnupapattizceta pAMca rUpye'pi kalpyate / pArUpyAta paMcarUpatvaniyamAM nAvatiSThate // pAMca rUpayAtmikaiveyaM nAnyathAnupapannatA / pakSadharmatvAdyabhAve'pi cAsyAH satvopapAdanAt // 1 niSkarSa yaha ki anyathAnupapannatvaviziSTa hI eka hetu athavA anumAna hai| vaha trividha hai aura na catuvidha Adi / ataH anumAnakA vaividhya aura cAnuvidhya ukta prakAra avyApta evaM ativyApta hai| akalaMkake isa vivecanase pratIta hotA hai ki anyathAnupapannatvakI apekSAme hetu eka hI prakArakA hai aura taba anumAna bhI eka hI tarahakA sambhava hai? | yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne anyathAnupapannatvake abhAva dekhAbhAsa bhI eka hI prakArakA mAnA hai / vaha hai akicikara / asiddhAdi to usIkA vistAra hai / 3 isa prakAra akalaMkane pUrvavat Adi anumAnoMkI mImAMsAkA sUtrapAta kiyA, jisakA anusaraNa prAyaH sabhI uttaravartI jaina tAkikoMne kiyA hai / phalataH vidyA 1. nyA0vi0 0 274 1532-2534, pR0 250 23. (ka) sAdhana prakRtAnupapannaM ttaa'pre| viruddhAsiddhasandigdhA akicitkarAvastarAH // nyA0vi0 108 200 pRSTha 167, 426 (kha) anyathAnupapannatva rahitA ye trilakSaNAH / akicitkArakAn sarvAn tAn vayaM saMgirAmahe // vahI, 2202, pR0 232 /

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anumAnabheda-vimarza : 115 nanda', vAdirAja prabhAcandra prabhati manISiyoMne bhI apane tarka granthoM meM usa mImAMsAko vitRta tathA pallavita kiyA hai / (kha) vidyAnandakRta anumAnabheda-mImAMsA : vidyAnandako momAMmAkI do bAteM ullekhanIya haiM / eka paha ki unhoMne nyAyavArtikameM ullikhita evaM pratipAdita vIta aura avIta hetadvayake atirikta vItAvIta nAmake eka tIsare hetu kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai jo unheM kisI prAcIna nyAyagranthase prApta huA hogA, kyoMki nyAyabhASya, nyAyavArtika Adi nyAya-granthoMmeM vaha upalabdha nahIM hotA / hA~, jaina grantha nyAyavinizcayavivaraNameM ume vAdigajane" avazya diyA hai, jo yA to vidyAnandame liyA gayA hai aura yA vidyAnandako taraha unhoMne bhI usI prAcIna nyAyagranthaparage liyA hai jo Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| vidyAnandane isakA svarUpa aura udAharaNa bhI diyA hai / ve likhate haiM ki vItAnumAna to vaha hai jo svampata: vidhimpa arthakA paricchedaka hai / jaise-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha utpattidharma vAlA hai, jaiga par3A / abItAnumAna vaha hai jo niSedhamagyame arthakA jJApaka hai| yathA-yaha jIvita magera Atmazanya nahIM hai, kyoMki umameM prANAdike abhAvakA pramaMga AegA, jaiga ghaTAdi / tathA vItAvItAnumAna vaha hai jo vidhi aura nipedha donoM spage arthakI paricchitti kagatA hai / yathA-yaha parvata agnihita hai, niragni nahIM hai, kyoMki dhama vAlA hai, anyathA dhamake abhAvakA prasaMga aaegaa| vidyAnanda inakI mamIkSAma eka hI bAta kahate hai| vaha yaha ki ye tInoM hetu yadi 1. ta0 ilA3. pR205, 20 / 2. nyA. 400-174, pRSTa 20110 / 3. prameyaka, mA, 3.15. pRSTa 362 / 4. yadA yatrAvAci-udAharaNamAdhamyA mAdhyamAdhanaM hanuriti vItalakSaNaM ligaM namvarUpeNA thapa dakayaM / nayama pani banAta . yathA--anityaH zabda utpattidharmakatvAda ghaTavana udAharaNa myAnamAdhanam rinyaanlkssnnm..'| udAharaNamAdhavi. dhAbhyAM mAdhyamAyanaganumAnamAna vAnAcItalakSaNaM pakSa yAnana parapakSamatapeyena cArthaparinTedanayata / * * * / -nAralA. 113200, pRSTa 006 / tayA pra0 pra0 pRSTha 75 / 5. nyA. vi0 vi073, pRSTha 208 / 6. tadananAdatrayaM yAda mAyAbhAvAsambha' ga nadAunyayAnupapattibalAdeva gamakavaM na punavAMta diganavanyanyathAnupAttivihe gamakanyamamagAt / yadi punagnyathAnupapattivaniAda prApya tAlakSaNaM tadA 'devanAM prApya hagatakI vijaya' iti kasyacinabhApatama yAtama / hargatamyanvayanyaniraMkAnuvidhAnAvarecanasya mvadevatApayAginI nadanvayavyatirekAnupradhAnAbhAvAttasyani prakRtapi mamAnan / hatAranyathAnupapattimadama-prayuktavAdagamakavAgamakatvayogiti na ki cadAtAdivinayana lakSaNAnAM maMdAnAM yA marpayAgamatvAnaMgatvAt sabameTAsaMgrahAcca / -ta. 01.3.202, pR0 206 /

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116 : jaina tarkazAsa meM anumAna-vicAra sAdhyake abhAvameM nahIM hote to anyathAnuNpattike balase hI unameM gamakatA mAnanI cAhie, na ki vItAdimpatA hone me hii| anyathA anyathAnupapattike abhAvameM bhI unheM gamaka mAnanA pdd'egaa| tAtparya yaha ki 'vajra lohalekhya hai kyoMki vaha pArthiva hai, jaise anya sUvarNAdi dhAtueM' yaha vIta hetu hai| para pArthivatvakI lohalekhyatvake sAtha vyApti ( anyathAnupapatti ) na honasa henvAbhAsa hai| ataH koI bhI hetu kyoM na ho, yadi vaha anyathAnupapanna hai to mAdhyakA avazya anumApaka hogA / isalie hetukI gamakatAkA prayAja ka. tattva anyathAnapapanatva hai, vInatva, avItatva aura vItAvItatva nhiiN| yadi kahA jAe ki anyathAnupapatti vItAdimpako prApta karake hI hetukA lakSaNa hai to yaha 'devatAM prApya harItakI virecayate' arthAt 'devatAko pAkara harItako viraMcana ( pAcana ) karAtI hai' kahAvata caritArtha hotI hai| virecanakA harItakIke sAtha anvaya-vyatireka honama vaha devatopayogino hotI hai, devatAke sAtha virecanakA sIdhA anvaya-vyatireka nahIM hai, aisA mAnanepara to prakRtamaM bhI yahI kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki anyathAnupapattike honepara hetu gamaka hotA hai aura usake abhAvameM vaha gamaka nahIM hotaa| ata: vItAditrayampa honasa hetumeM gamakatA nahIM hai| isake atirikta samasta hetRbhedoMkA usa ( vAtAdivaya ) meM maMgraha bhI nahIM ho pAtA hai| vidyAnandakI' dUmage ullegyayogya bAta yaha hai ki ve pUrvavat Adi anumAnoMke viniyamako avyApaH batalAte hai / ve kahate hai ki jisa prakAra ( 1 ) kAraNase kAryakA anumAna pUrvavat anumAna hai / yathA-ye megha vRSTi karane kI zaktima sampanna hai, kyoMki gambhIra gajanA aura ciraprabhAva yukta hokara chAye hae hai, jaise anya varSane vAle megha / ( 2 ) kAyaMsa kAraNakA anumAna zeSavat anumAna hai / yathAyahAM agni hai, kyoMki dhUma hai, jaise rasoI ghara / ( 3 ) jo na kArya hai aura na kAraNa hai usase anubhayAtmaka ( akAryakAraNa ) kA anumAna sAmAnyatodRSTa anu. mAna hai| yathA--isa phalakA madhura rasa hai, kyoMki isakA rUpa hai, jaise usI tarahake anya phala / usI prakAra ubhayAtmaka ( kAraNakArya rUpa ) hetuse ubhayAtmaka (kAraNakAryarUpa) sAdhyakA jJAna ( anumAna ) sambhava hai, kyoMki jinameM paraspara upakArya-upakArakabhAva hotA hai unameM avinAbhAva dekhA jAtA hai| udA 1. ubhayAtmano'pi vastunI bhAvAt / yathaiva hi kAraNAtkAyeM'namAnam -vR'TyutpAdana zaktayo'mI meghA gambhoradhvAnatve cara prabhAvatvaM ca sati samunnatatvAt prami vidhameya. vadati / kAryAtkAraNe-vahniratra dhamAnmahAnataditi / akAryakAraNAdanubhayAtmani zAnam --madhurarasamidaM phamevaM vadharUpatvAttAdRzAnyaphalavaditi / tathaivobhayAmakAt lagAdabhayAtmake ligani zAnaviruddham, parasparopakAryopakArakayorAvanAbhAvadazanAta / yathA bIjAMkurasantAnayo : / . . . / ' ta0 lA0 1 / 13 / 203, 204, pRSTha 207 /

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anumAnabheda-vimarza : 117 haraNa ke lie hama vIjasantAna aura aMkura santAnako le sakate haiM / prakaTa hai ki bIjasantAna aMkura santAnake aura aMkurasaMtAna vIjasantAnake abhAva meM nahIM hotA, taba unameM paraspara gamyagamakabhAva kyoM nahIM hogA ? ataH hama anumAna kara sakate haiN| ki 'yahAM yavabIja santAna hai, kyoMki yavAMkurasantAna dekhA jAtA hai| isI prakAra yaha bhI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 'yahAM yatrAMkurasantAna hai, kyoMki yavabIja upalabdha hotA hai|' isa taraha kAryakAraNarUpa cauthA anumAna bhI siddha hotA hai / koI vajaha nahIM ki kAraNAnumAna, kAryAnumAna aura akAryakAraNAnumAna ye tIna anumAna to mAne jAeM, para kAraNakAryobhayAnumAna na mAnA jAe | (ga) vAdirAja dvArA abhihita anumAnabheda - samIkSaNa : yahAM vAdirAjakI bhI do vizeSatAeM dRSTavya hai / unakA kahanA hai ki anumAna tIna yA cAra bhedoma hI sImita nahIM hai / aneka hetu aige hai jona pUrvavat haiM, na doSavat aura na sAmAnyatAdRSTa | udAharaNArtha 'viSama tulA ke choroMmeM pAye jAne vAle nAma aura unnAma paraspara avinAbhana hai, kyoMki ve eka dUsare ke abhAva meM upapanna nahIM hote' athavA 'isa samAna tulAme unnAma ( UMcAI ) nahIM hai, kyoMki nAma ( nIcAI ) anupalabdha hai / ye donoM gahana ra anugAna samyak anumAna haiM / para ye na pUrvavat meM Ate haiM, na zepavana meM aura na sAmAnyatodRSTama | ataH vaividhya kA niyama nahIM bananA / isake sivAe tIna prakArakA anumAna kALayakI apekSA nau prakArakA aura abhyutpanna, mandigdha evaM viSayaMsta pratipAdyokI apekSA gattAIsa prakArakA bhI sambhava hai| yadi una bhedAMkI apekSA na kara kevala vyApArabhedane tIna anumAna kahe jAeM to una vyApAratayakA bhI apekSA na kara eka kevala anyathAnupapattikA hI apekSA eka hI prakArakA anumAna mAnanA ucita hai| anyathAnupapanikA kSetra itanA vyApaka aura vizAla hai ki usameM ve pUrvavat Adi tIna Ara vInAdi nIna anumAna to samA ho jAte hai| kintu unake alAvA ukta prakAra ke mahacara Adi anumAna bhI usake antargata A jAte hai / nApi tathA travidhyaniyamaH, unnAgAdInAmapUrvatvena tatrAnantabhAvAta / pRvatAmaMtra svayamantrayyAdInAM vyAkhyAnAt / nyA0vi0vi0 2273 pR 208 / vivivasya manaH kAlabhedApekSA navaviyavasya navavivasyApi punaranyutpannamandigdhaviparya svarUpa napAyApekSayA spravizativisyApi sammAna tannibandhanamevamanapekSya vyApAramAna bhedana zravidhyamucyata iti cena, nagapyanapekSya anyayAnapapatti nivannamekavidhameva hi vaktavyam / vistareNa ziSyatyutpAdanAya navavidhatvasamavizativivatvAbhyAmapi smbhvaat| tanna tAdi medaka kallanamapyupapannam / vahI, 20173, pRSTha 208 /

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118 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna - vicAra vAdirAjakI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne vaizeSika sammata caturvidha yA paMcavidha anumAna kI bhI samIkSA kI hai| isa samIkSA meM unhoMne batalAyA hai ki aneka hetu aise haiM jo na saMyogI hai, na ekArthasamavAyo, na samavAyI aura na virodhI / phira bhI ve gamaka anumAnajanaka ) haiM / udAharaNa ke lie nimna do hetu prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM ( 1 ) eka mahatta ke anta meM zakaTa nAmaka nakSatrakA udaya hogA, kyoMki abhI kRttikAkA udaya ho rahA hai / (2) eka mahattaM pahale bharaNikA udaya ho cukA hai, kyoMki aba kRttikAkA udaya ho rahA hai / inameM pahalA pUrvacara hai aura dUsarA uttaracara / ye donoM hetu ukta cAroMmeM se kisI meM bhI antarbhUta nahIM ho sakate - na saMyogImeM, na samavAyImeM, na ekArthamamavAyI aura na virodhI meM / ye kevala anyathAnupapattike AdhArase hI apane mAdhyoMke niyamataH sAdhaka ( anumApaka ) haiM / inheM ahetu yA hetvAbhAsa bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki ve sAdhya ke abhAva meM nahIM hote / ataH vaizeSikoM kA bhI anumAnacAtuvidhyaniyama nahIM tthhrtaa| unheM ukta cArake atirikta ina aura ina jaise anya hetuoM ko bhI mAnanA par3egA / (gha) prabhAcandrapratipAdita anumAnabheda-AlocanA : prabhAcandrane bhI prameyakamalamArttaNDa aura nyAyakumudacandra meM ukta anumAnabhedoMkI mImAMsA prastuta kI hai| vizeSa yaha ki inhoMne vaizeSikoMke pAMca aura sAMkhyoMke saptavidha anumAnoMkA bhI ullekha karake unakI AlocanA kI hai tathA kRttikodayAdihetuoMkA unameM antarbhAva na ho sakanese unheM avyApaka batalAyA hai| sAtha hI avinAbhAva ke balapara hI hetuko anumAnAMga honekA pratipAdana kiyA hai / unakI yaha vicAraNA bahuta sarala aura tarkapUrNa hai / 1. yathA saMyogyAdibhedakalpanamapi tatrApi prAgukta hetUnAmanantarbhAvAt / na hi kRttikAdayaH zakaTAdayasya saMyogI, kAlavyavadhAnena parasparamaprAptaH / yadapi saMyogina udAharaNaM tadvayavadhAnAdeva nAsAM tasya sanatrAyI saMyogisamavAyinAriva ekAyasamatrAyanyApa tsyaanntrbhaavaan''| -nyA0 vi0 vi0 2 / 173 pRSTha 208-210 / 2. pra0 ka0 mA0 315 pRSTha 362 / 3. nyA0 kumu0 3 / 14, pR0 460 461 / 4. nyA0 kumu0 pR0 462 / ...

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anumAnabheda-vimarza : 119 anumAna bheda-samIkSAkA upasaMhAra : niSkarSa yaha ki pUrvavat AdirUpase yA vItAdirUpase abhimata tIna anumAnoM, saMyogI AdirUpase yA kAraNa AdirUpase svIkRta cAra yA pAMca anumAnoM aura mAtrAmAtrika AdirUpase aMgIkRta sAta anumAnoMko saMkhyA apUrNa tathA atiprasakta hai|' para sAdhya aura sAdhanama anivAryarUpase Avazyaka anyathAnupapannatva yA anyathAnupapattike AdhArase anumAna-saMkhyA mAnanemeM na apUrNatAkA doSa AtA hai aura na atiprasakti, kyoMki anyathAnupapannatva eka aisA vyApaka evaM avyabhicArI AdhAra hai, jisame sabhI prakAra ke samIcIna hetuoMkA samAveza ho jAtA hai aura asamIcIna hetu ( hetvAbhAsa ) usake dvArA nirasta ho jAte haiM / ataH jaina tArkikoMne imIko hetukA nirdoSa evaM pradhAna lakSaNa batalAyA hai, vairUpya aura pAMcarUpyako nhiiN| para anya nArkika jitanA bala rUpya aura pAMca pya para dete hai utanA avinAbhAvapara nhiiN| yahI jaina tAkikoM aura anya tAkikoMke anumAna-sambandhI ninnana evaM pratipAdanameM maulika antara hai / svArtha aura pagartha : yadyapi kAraka vivaMcanage hama isa tathyapara pahu~cate hai ki anumAnake pradhAna aMga hetRkA prayojaka tatva ekamAtra anyathAnupapannatva hai aura usake eka honese ugama AtmalAna karane vAlA anumAna bhI eka ho prakArakA sambhava hai, tathApi vaha anyathAna pannava do dAga gRhIta hotA hai-( 1 )sva aura ( 2 ) para / jaba vaha svake tAga gRhIna hotA hai to usake AdhArame hone vAlA anumAna usa (sva) kI sAdhyapratipanika lie hotA hai aura vaha svArthAnumAna kahA jAtA hai / svArthAnamAtA kimI parata upadena ( pratijJAdi prayoga ke binA svayaM hI nizcita avinAbhAvI sAdhanake jJAnaga gAvyakA jJAna karatA hai / udAharaNArtha-jaba vaha dhUmako dekhakara agnikA jJAna, rasako cakhakara usake sahacara rUpakA jJAna yA kRttikAke udayako dekhakara eka muhattaM bAda hone vAle gakaTake udayakA jJAna Adi karatA hai taba usakA vaha jJAna svArthAnamAna kahalAtA hai / aura jaba vahI svArthAnumAtA ukta hetuoM aura sAdhyoMko bolakara dUsaroMko una sAdhya-sAdhanoMkI vyApti ( anyathAnapapatti ) 1... asyadaM kAraNaM kAyaM iti mUtropAttA eva paMcahetavo laiMgikAMgam tatkathaM naiyA yikAnA vaza pikANA ,manumAnasaMkhyAniyamo na vyatipTeta, tadasamIkSitAbhidhAnam, tatiraktAnAM kRttikodayAdihatunAM tadaMgatvapratipAdanAt / avinAbhAvavazAddhi heto. ranumAnAMgatvaM na kAraNAdirUpatAmAtraNa, asyAvyApakatvAdadiprasaMgAcca / avinAbhAvamya tu sakalahaMtukalApavyApitvAttadAbhAsebhyo vyAvRttatvAcca tadrazAdeva hatArgamakatvaM prtipttvym| yA0 ku.0 3.14, pRSTha 461 /

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120 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna - vicAra grahaNa karAtA hai tathA dUsare usake vacanoMko sunakara vyAptigrahNa karake ukta hetuoMma ukta sAdhyoMkA jJAna karate hai to dUsaroMkA vaha anumAnajJAna 'parArthAnumAna' kahA jAtA hai / aura ve parArthAnumAtA kahe jAte haiM / ataH anumAnake upAdAnabhUta hetukA prayojaka tattva anyathAnupapannatva sva aura para doke dvArA gRhIta hone tathA donoM anyathAnupapannatva- gRhItAoMko anumAna honese pradezabheda, vyaktibheda yA prayojanabhedakI apekSA anumAna ke adhika-se-adhika do prakAra ho sakate haiM( 1 ) svArthAnumAna aura ( 2 ) parArthAnumAna / sambhavataH ina do bhedoMkI parikalpanAke mUlameM prazastapAda' aura diGnAgakI bhI yahI dRSTi rahI haiM / yadyapi prazastapAda' yA diGnAga athavA nyAnapravezakArane ina anumAnabhedoMkI parigaNanA nahIM kI, tathApi unake dvArA kiyA gayA ina anumAnoMkA nirUpaNa spaSTa batalAtA hai ki unheM ye do bheda abhipreta haiM / 4 5 jaina paramparAma sabase pahale ina do bhedoMkA pratipAdana siddhasenane kiyA jAna par3atA hai | unhoMne yadyapi 'svArthAnumAna' kA ullekha nahIM kiyA-- kevala parArthAnumAnakA nirdeza kiyA hai aura usakA usI prakAra svarUpa batalAyA hai jisa prakAra prazastapAdana prazastapAdabhASya meM aura pramANavArtikAlaMkArakArane ' pramANavArtikAlaMkArameM eka uddhRta padya dvArA prastuta kiyA hai / siddhasenane parArthAnumAnakA eka lakSaNa aura diyA hai jo nyAyapravezakAra ke parArthAnumAnalakSaNapara AdhRta hai / phira bhI siddhasananaM 'svanizcayavat padake dvArA svArthAnumAnakA grahaNa kiyA hai / dUsarI 1. praza0 bhA0 50 106 / 2. vahA 50 106, 113 / 3. nyA0 pra0 pRSTha 27 / 4. stranizcayavadanyeSAM nizcayAtpAdanaM dudhaiH / parAye mAnanAkhyAtaM vAkyaM tadupacArataH / - nyAyAva0 ka0 10 / 5. praza0 bhA0 pR0 153 / 6. svanizcayavadanyeSAM nizcayotpAdanecchayA / pakSadharmatvasambandhasAdhyokteranyavarjanam // - pra0 vAtiMkAla0 pRSTha 487 / 7. sAdhyAvinAnuvA hetorvaco yatpratipAdakam / parArthamanumAnaM tat pakSAdivacanAtmakam // -nyAyAva0 kA 0 13 / 8. sAdhyAvinAmunA ligAt sAdhyanizcAyakaM smRtam / anumAnaM tadabhrAntaM pramANatvAt samakSavat // -- vahI, kA0 5 /

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anumAnabheda-vimarza : 121 bAta yaha hai ki unhoMne parArthAnamAnake lakSaNase pUrva jo sAmAnya anumAnakA lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai vaha svArthAnumAnakA lakSaNa hai / siddhivinizcayama akalaMkadevane ' svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna donoMkA ullekha kiyA hai tathA dAnoM pakSa-bheda batalAta hae kahA hai ki svArthAnumAnameM to jijJAsAke viSayabhUta vizeSa ( agni Adi )na viziSTa dharmI ( parvata Adi ) pakSa hotA hai| kintu parArthAnumAnameM janavAne kA icchAke viSayabhata vizeSa ( agni Adi )se viziSTa dharmI pakSa hotA hai, kyoMki svanizcayakI taraha dUsaroMko bhI nizcaya karAne ke lie pakSako svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai / tAtparya yaha ka pratipattAke bhedane anumAnaka mvAthaM ora parAthaM bhada unheM bhI abhipreta hai| vidyAnanda 2 bhI anumAno unakA bhedoM kA pratipAdana karate haiN| itanA vizeSa hai ki ve garthAnumAnake bho do bhedoM kA nirdeza karate hai-(1) anakSarazrata aura ( 2 ) aArazrata / tathA unheM kramAH adhotramatijJAna aura zrotramatijJAnapUrvaka hAnA. kAraNa parAkSa zranAmANa nantarbhAva karate haiM / vAdigaja kRta makhya aura gauga anumAnabheda : vAdirAjane anumaan-bhdo| bhinna do anya bhedoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / va hai-( 1 ) gauNa aura ( 2 ) mukhya / inameM gauNa anumAnake tIna bheda hai( 1 ) smaraNa, ( 2 ) pratyabhijJA aura ( nakaM / smaraNa pratyabhijJAkA, pratyabhijJA takakA aura taka anumAnakA kAraNa hAnema tInoM gauNa anumAna hai| sAdhyAvinAbhAvI gAdhanage hone vAlA gAdhyakA jJAna mukhyAnumAna hai / parantu vAdirAjakI dama dvividha anamAna-mAnyatAkA uttaravartI kimI jaina tArkikane nahIM apanAyA aura vaha unhoM taka sImita rahI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki 1. svAthAnumAne jizAsitAMvazamA dhamI pakSaH / parAthAMnumAne punaH jizApAyaSitavizeSaH svanizcayadanyeSA nizcayonpAdanAya pkssprigrhaat| -mi0vi0 vR062, 373 / 2.pra. 5, pRSTha 76 / 3. parAzramanumAnamanAra zrunAnaM akSAra anazAnaM ca tasyAzrAtramatipUrvakasya zrImatipUrvakasya ___ ca nathAvaM.papattaH / -vahI, pRSTa 76 / 4. anamAna maMgA khyAtrikapAta / tatra gINamanumA vividha- smaraNaM pratyabhizA tarka zcAta / tanya cAnamananaM yathApattanadunayAnamAna nbndhntvaat| evaM mukhya. syApa : kina dAta cena, sAdhanA sAdhya vijJAnamaMtra, mAdhanaM sAdhyAvinAbhAvaniyamalakSaNa tasmAnnira kyapathamAptAnAdhyasya mAya gatyamyAmAMsaddhasya dizAnaM tadanumAnam / pramA0ni0 pRSTha 33,36 /

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122 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra yadi smaraNAdiko anumAnakA kAraNa honese anumAna mAnA jAe to pratyakSako bhii| anumAnakA hetu honese anumAna mAnA jAnA cAhie aura isa taraha smaraNAdikI taraha pratyakSa bhI gauNa anumAna kahA jAegA, jo kisI bhI tArkikako abhimata nahIM hai / sambhavataH isIse uttaravartI tAkikoMna vAdirAja ke isa anumAnaDhe vighyako svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| mANikyanandine ' anumAnake ukta svArtha aura parArtha bhedoMkA vizada nirUpaNa kiyA hai| unake bAda to sabhI paravartI prabhAcandra anantavIrya, devamUri', hemacandra" Adina isI dvividha anumAna-mAnyatAko anusRta kiyA hai| devamUri aura hemacandrakA yahA~ eka vaiziSThya parilakSita hotA hai| vaha yaha ki unhoMne eka hI mUtra dvArA anumAnake do prakAroMkI sUcanA aura una donoM prakAroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, mANikyanandikI taraha unhAne do sUtroMkI racanA nahIM kii| ina donoM tAkikoMkI eka vizeSatA aura ullekhya hai| inhoMne anumAna-sAmAnyake lakSaNake atirikta svAnumAnakA alaga lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai jo bahuta vizada aura ucita hai| mANikyanandina, siddhasenakI taraha sAmAnyalakSaNako hI svArthAnumAnakA lakSaNa batAyA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki hemacandrakA svArthAnumAna-lakSaNa devamUrike svArthAnumAnalakSaNase bhinna aura nirdopa hai| hemacandrane' 'svayaM niNIta sAdhyAvinAbhAvavAle sAdhaname honevAle sAdhyajJAnako svArthAnumAna' kahA hai jo parArthAnumAnameM ativyApta nahIM hai| para devamUrine jo 'hetugrahaNa aura sambandhasmaraNapUrvaka honevAle sAdhya1. tAnumAna dayA, svArthaparAdhabhedAt, svAthamuktalakSaNam , parAthaM tu tadarthapagAzavacanAjjAtam , tadvacanApa taddhatutvAt / -50 mu0 3152, 53, 54, 55, 56 / 2. pra. ka, mA0 352-56 / 3. pra0 ra0 mA0 3 / 48-52 / 4. anumAnaM dviprakAraM svArtha parAthaM ceti / tatra hetugrahaNasabandhasmaraNakAraNakaM sAdhyavijJAnaM svAthAmiti / pakSahaMtuvacanAtmakaM parArthamanumAnamupacArAditi : -pra0 na0 ta0 36, 10, 23 / 5. tat dvidhA svArtha parArtha ca / / svArtha svAnizcitasAdhyAvinAbhAvaikalakSaNAt sAdhanAt sAdhyazAnam / -hemacandra, pramANamI0 1218,6 / yathAvatasAdhanAbhidhAnajaH parArtham / vacanamupacArAt / -vahI, 2 / 111,2 / 6. svAdhamuktalakSaNam / -parIkSAmu0 354 / 7. pra0 mI0 112 / 9, pR0 39 / 8. pra0 na0 t03|10|

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anumAnabheda-vimarza : 123 3 jJAnako svArthAnumAna' batalAyA hai vaha parArthAnumAnameM ativyApta hai, kyoMki hetukA grahaNa aura sambandhasmaraNa parArthAnumAnameM bhI rahate haiM, bhale hI ve svArthAnumAtA ke vacanoMse hoM / hemacandrakI' yahA~ eka bAta aura smaraNIya hai| unhoMne vacanAtmaka parArthAnumAnako do prakArakA pratipAdana kiyA hai - ( 1 ) tathopapatti aura ( 2 ) anyathAnupapatti / parantu mANikyanandi re, prabhAcandra, anantavIrya aura devamUri prabhRtine vacanAtmaka parArthAnumAnako do prakArakA na mAnakara hetuprayogako do prakArakA kahA hai jo siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra ke sarvathA anurUpa hai / yathArtha meM hetukA prayoga do taraha se kiyA jAtA hai - eka tathApapattirUpase aura dUsarA anyathAnupapatti rUpase / yathA 6 agnimAnayaM dezastathaiva dhUmavattvoparatteH dhUmavattvAnyathAnupapattervA" | yaha pradeza agni vAlA hai, kyoMki usake hone para hI dhUma hotA hai athavA agnike abhAva me bhrama nahIM hotA / yahAM hetukA hI prayoga do tarahame huA hai, pakSakA prayoga to eka hI prakAra se / aura parArthAnumAna ( vacanAtmaka ) pakSa tathA hetu donoMke vacanako kahA gayA hai / devabhUrine' spaSTa zabdoM hetuprayogako hI do prakArakA batalAyA hai / ullekhanIya hai ki unhoMne do svatantra sUtroM dvArA una ( tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti donoM ) kA svarUpa bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai| sabhI jaina tArkika isa viSaya meM ekamata haiM ki hetukA cAhe tathApapattirUpameM prayoga kiyA jAe aura cAhe anyathAnupapatti " 1. tad dveSa tathopapattyanyayAnupapattimadAt / - pra0 mI0 24446 2pannaprayogastu tathopapattyA'nyayAnupapattyeva vA patra 3. hetuprayogastathApapatti- anyathAnupapattimyAM dvikArAna 4. hatAstathA papacyA vA syAtprayogo'nyathApi vA / dvividho'nyatareNApi sAdhyasiddhirbhavediti // -nyAyAtra0 kA0 17 / 5. pa0 mu0 395 / 6. pakSahetuvacanAt parArthamanumAnamupacArAt ini / - devamUri, pra0 na0 0 3 / 23 / 7. hetuprayogastayopapattyanyayAnupapattibhyAM dvimakAra iti / vahI, 3 / 29 / 8. satyeva sAdhye hetorupapattistayApapattiriti / asati sAdhye hetoranupapattirevAnyathAnupapattiriti / vahI, 330, 31 /

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124 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra 1 2 rUpase / vyutpannoMke lie donoMka prayogako AvazyakatA nahIM hai, unake lie to kisI ekakA hI prayoga paryApta hai aura ve utane mAtra se vyApti grahaNa tathA sAdhyakA jJAna kara lete hai / devasUrikI eka vizeSatA aura dikhAI detI hai / ve jayanta bhaTTa kI taraha zrotA ke svArthAnumAna mAnate hai aura vaktAko parArthAnumAnakA prayoktA / unakA kahanA hai ki zrotA vaktA ke vacanamAtra se sAdhyakA jJAna nahIM karatA aura na vaktA ho yaha mAnanA hai ki zrInAne mere vacanoMse sAdhyakA jJAna kiyA / kintu vaktA mAnanA hai ki maiMne anumAnase bodha karAtA hU~ tathA zrotA bhI yaha samaatA hai ki maiMne sAdhyAvinAbhAvAM sAvana se sAvyakA jJAna kiyA / ataH vaktAkA anumAna zrotA ke sAdhyajJAnakA kAraNa honese parArtha kahA jAtA hai aura zrotAkA svArthAnumAna | devasUrikA yaha vicAra buddhiko sparza karatA hai / vAstava meM anumAna usI ko hotA hai jisane vyAptikA grahaNa kara rakhA hai| jisane vyAptikA grahaNa nahIM kiyA, use anumAna nahIM hotA / ataH vaktA pakSa aura hetu vacana bolakara pratipAdya kI vyApti grahaNa karAtA hai vyApti grahaNa ke bAda pratipAdya svayaM sAdhanase sAvyakA jJAna kara letA | ava usakA vaha sAdhyajJAna svArthAnumAna hI kahA jAegA, parArthAnumAna nahIM / parArthAnumAna to vaktAkA pakSa aura henuvacana tathA unase utpanna zrotAkA vyAptijJAna mAnA jAegA, jo zrotAke svArthAnumAna ke kAraNa haiM / tAtparya yaha ki zrotAkA mAdhyajJAna hara hAlata meM svArthAnumAna haiM, bhale hI usake isa svArthAnumAnameM kAraNa paDane vaktA ke pakSa aura hetuvacanoM tathA unase hone vAle zrotAke vyAptijJAnako parArthAnumAna kahA jAe / pratyakSa parArtha hai : siddhamena aura devasUrikA mata : usakI mImAMsA : siddhamenane nyAyAvatAra meM anumAnakI taraha pratyakSako bhI parArtha pratipAdana kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki pratyakSa aura anumAna donoM prasiddha arthakA prakAzana karate haiM aura donoM hI parake prasiddhArtha prakAzanake upAya hai / ataH donoM parArtha haiM / jaba pratyakSa pratipanna arthakA dUsaroMke lie vacanadvArA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai| to vaha vacana bhI jJAnameM kAraNa honese pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai / unake isa vicArakA 1. 50 mu0 3,96, 97 pra0 mA0 2.1.6 / 2. sthA0 20 3.23, pR0 548, 546 / 3. pratyakSeNAnumAnena prAsAtha prakAzanAt / parasya tadupAyatvAt parArthatvaM vyAga || pratyakSapratipannArthapratipAdi ca yadvaca: / pratyakSaM pratibhAsasya nimittatvAt taducyate // -nyAyAva0 kA0 11, 12 /

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anumAnabheda-vimarza : 125 anusaraNa devasUrine bhI kiyA hai aura unakI kArikAke uddharaNapUrvaka usakA samathana kiyA hai / ye do hI aise tArkika hai jinhoMne pratyakSako parArtha batalAyA hai / jaina yA itara paramparAmeM, jahA~ taka hameM jJAta haiM, anya kisI tarkine pratyakSako parArtha nahIM kahA | tathya yaha hai ki cAhe pratyakSa pratipanna arthako kahane vAlA vacana ho aura cAhe anumAnapratipanna arthako / donoM hI prakArake vacanoM ko zrotrendriya dvArA grahaNa karanA to zrotra- pratyakSa hai / para unheM sunakara zrotAko jo unake dvArA pratipAdya arthakA jJAna hogA vaha artha se arthAntarakA jJAna hone anumAna kahA jAegA, parArtha pratyakSa nahIM / saca to yaha hai ki pratipatti do prakArako hotA hai - ( 1 ) svArtha aura ( 2 ) parArtha | svArtha pratipattikA sAdhana jJAna ( pratyakSa, smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura svArthAnumAna ) hai tathA parArthapratipattikA upAya ekamAtra zabda hai | ataH jisa prakAra anumAnagamya agni Adiko batAnevAle dhUmAdi sAdhanakA pratipAdaka dhUmAdivacana hai usI prakAra pratyakSagamya ghaTAdiko kahane vAlA ghaTAdi vacana hai aura yaha ghaTAdivacana dhUmAdivacanakI taraha bacanAtmaka parArthAnumAna hai, parArtha pratyakSa nahIM / anumAnake svArtha-padArtha bhedoMkA mallipeNane bhI kathana kiyA hai aura unake lakSaNa devasUri jaMga hI batalAye haiM / pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke Arambha meM honevAle vizruta tArkika dharmabhUSaNane na kevala ukta svArtha- parArtha dvividha anumAna-bhedoM tathA unake lakSaNoM ko hI kahA hai, apitu unakA vizada evaM vizeSa varNana bhI kiyA hai| svArthAnumAnakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue unhoMne likhA hai paropadezamanapekSya svayameva nizcitAnprAktarkAnubhUtavyAptammaraNamahakRtAdhUmAI sAdhanAdutpannaM parvatAdau dharmiNyagnyAdaH sAdhyasya jJAna svArthAnumAnamityarthaH / yathA parvato'yamagnamAn dhUmavattvAditi / arthAt pratijJA aura heturUpa paropadezakI apekSA na karake svayaM hI nizcita tathA isase pUrva tarka dvArA gRhIta vyAptike smaraName sahakRta dhUmAdi sAdhanase utpanna hue parvata Adi dharmI meM agni Adi sAdhyake jJAnako svArthAnumAna kahate haiM / jaise yaha parvata agnivAlA hai, kyoMki vaha dhUmavAlA hai / pra0 na0 ta0 3.26 17 / 2. anumAnaM dviyA svAyaM parArtha ca / tatrAnyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaha tugrahaNamambandhasmaraNakAraNakaM sAdhyAMtrajJAnaM svArtham / pakSahetuvacanAtmakaM parArthamanumAnamupacArAt / -sthA0 maM0 pRSTha 322 / 3. nyA0 dI0 pRSTha 71, 3-23 /

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126 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra __ yadyapi svArthAnumAna jJAnAtmaka hai, vacanAtmaka nahIM, phira bhI usakA svarUpa batAneke lie ki svArthAnumAtA isa taraha anumAna karatA hai, zabda dvArA usakA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai / jaise 'yaha ghar3A hai' isa zabda dvArA ghaTapratyakSakA nirdeza hotA hai| svArthAnumAnake aGga : dharmabhUSaNane isa svArthAnumAnake sampAdaka tIna aMgoMkA bhI vivecana kiyA hai| ve tIna aMga isa prakAra hai-dharmI, sAdhya aura sAdhana / sAdhana to gamakarUpase aMga hai, sAdhya gamyarUpase aura dharmI donoMkA AdhArarUpase / vAstavameM AdhAravizepameM hI anumeyakI siddhi karanA anumAnakA prayojana hai / dharmamAtra ( agnisAmAnya ) ko siddhi to usI samaya ho jAtI hai jaba 'jahAM jahAM dhUma hotA hai vahAM vahAM agni hotI hai isa prakArase taka dvArA vyApti gRhIta hotI hai / ina tInoM aMgoMmeMse eka bhI na ho to svArthAnumAna sampanna nahIM ho sakatA / ataH tInoM Avazyaka haiM / __ pakSa aura hetuke bhedase unhone svArthAnumAnake do bhI aMga batalAye hai / jaba sAdhya dharmako dharmIse pRthaka nahIM mAnA jAtA taba sAdhyadharma viziSTa dharmIko pakSa kahA jAtA hai aura usa sthiti meM pakSa tathA hetu ye dA hI svArthAnumAnake aMga haiM / ina donoM nirUpaNoMma uktivaicitryako chor3akara aura koI bheda nahIM hai, yaha svayaM dharmabhUSaNane spaSTa kiyA hai / dharmIkI prasiddhatA : dhyAna rahe ki dharmI prasiddha hotA hai / " hA~, usako prasiddhi kahIM pratyakSAdi pramANase hotI hai, jaise agniko siddha karanema parvata pratyakSapramANase siddha hai / kahIM vikalpa ( pratIti )se siddha mAna liyA jAtA hai, jaise astitva siddha karane meM sarvajJa aura nAstitva siddha karane meM kharaviSANa vikalpasiddha dharmI hai / aura kahIM pramANa tathA vikalpa donoMse dharmI siddha rahatA hai, jaise anityatA siddha karanemeM ganda ubhaya 1. nyA0 dI0, pR0 72, 3.23 / 2. vahI, pR0 72, 3-24 / 3, 4. athavA pakSo heturityaMgadvayaM svArthAnumAnatya, sAdhyadharmaviziSTasya dhAmaNaH pakSatvAt / tathA ca svArthAnumAnasya dhanisAdhyasAdhanabhedAttrANyaMgAni / pakSasAdhanabhedAdaMgadvayaM caMti siddham, vivakSAvaicitryAt / pUrvatra hi dhmidhrmbhedvivkssaa| uttaratra tu ttsmudaayaaNvvkssaa| -nyA0 do0 pRSTha 72, 73, 3-25 / 5. sa eva dhamitvenAbhimataH prasiddha eva / taduktamabhiyuktai:-'prasiddho dhamA' ( parIkSAmu0 3-27) iti| -vahI, pR0 73, 3-25 / 6. vahI, pR0 73, 3-26 /

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3 anumAnabheda-vimarza : 127 siddha dharmI haiM / prakaTa hai ki yogya dezastha aura vartamAnakAlIna zabda zrAvaNa pratyakSa se siddha haiM tathA dUrastha aura atIta evaM bhAvI zabda vikalpasiddha haiM / dharmIkI prasiddhatAkA nirUpaNa jaina paramparA meM dharmabhUSaNake sivAya unake pUrva mANikyanandi', devasUri 2, hemacandra prabhRtine bhI kiyA hai| ullekhanIya hai ki nyAyapravezakArane 4 dharmIko prasiddha to mAnA hai, para ve use pramANasiddha hI svAkAra karate pratIta hote haiM, vikalpasiddha aura pramANavikalpasiddha nahIM, kyoMki use unhoMne mAtra pratyakSAviruddha kahA hai, jisakA tAtparya hai ki dharmI pratyakSAdi pramANoMse avirodhI honA cAhie / dharmakIrti" to vikalpasiddha aura pramANavikalpasiddha dharmIkI mAnyatApara AkSepa karake unakA nirAkaraNa bhI kiyA hai / yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki unakA AkSepa kinapara hai ? para itanA nizcita hai ki dharmakIrtike AkSepakA savistara uttara unake usa AkSepa pradarzaka padya ke uddharaNapUrvaka jaina tarkagranthoMmeM hI upalabdha hotA hai | ataH sambhava hai ki ukta tIna prakAra ke dharmI ( pakSa ) ko mAnanevAle jaina tAkikoMpara hI unakA vaha AkSepa ho / devamUrine' spaSTatayA dharmakIrtike AkSepakA uttara dete hue unake ullekhapUrvaka kahA bhI hai ki dharmakIrtiko svayaM vikalpa siddha dharmI mAnanA par3atA hai / anyathA 'pradhAnAdi nahIM haiM, kyoMki unakI upalabdhi nahIM hotI' Adi prayoga ve kaise kara sakeMge, kyoMki pradhAnAdi unakI dRSTi meM pramANasiddha nahIM haiM / isI taraha devasUrine vikalpasiddhi dharmIko svIkAra na karanevAne naiyAyikoMkI bhI sayuktika samIkSA kI hai| tAtparya yaha ki ukta tIna prakArake dharmI kI mAnyatA jaina tArkikoM dvArA prastuta jJAta hotI hai aura kevala pramANasiddha dharmI kI mAnyatA anya tArkikoMkI / 1. pa0 mu0 3 / 27-31 / 2. pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 20-22 / 3. pra0 mA0 112 / 16-17 / 4. tatra pakSaH prasiddhI dharmA prasiddhavizepeNa viziSTatayA svayaM sAdhyatvenepsitaH / pratyakSAdya viruddha iti vAkyazeSaH / nyA0 pra0 pRSTha 1 / 5. nAsiddhe bhAvadharmo'sti vyabhicAryubhayAzraya: / dharmo viruddhA'bhAvasya sA sattA sAdhyate katham // -pra0 vA0 11162 | 6. pra0 ra0 mA0 3 / 25 / syA0 ratnA0 3 / 22 pra0 mI0 1/2/17 / 7. na ca vikalpAddharmaprasiddhi nAbhyazaMsan bhavantaH / na santi pradhAnAdayo'nupalabdherityAdi prayogANAM dharmakIrtinA svayaM samarthanAt / -sthA0ra0 3 22, pR0 542 /

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128 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra __dharmabhUSaNane svArthAnumAnakA pradarzaka eka mahattvapUrNa evaM prAcIna zloka' uddhRta kiyA hai, jisameM dRSTAko svArthAnumAna honekA ullekha hai tathA 'sAdhanAta' padakA 'dRzyamAnAt'2 ( dekhe gaye ) yaha artha dekara unhoMne jo khAsa bAta kahI hai vaha yaha ki anumAnameM prayukta mAdhanako vartamAnakAlika ( dRzyamAna ) honA caahie| isase usa navyanyAyamatakI samIkSA pratIta hotI hai, jisameM bhUta yA bhAvi dhUmAdise bhUta yA bhAvi agni Adiko siddhi abhihita hai| vAstavameM jo sAdhana anubhUyamAna hai vahI anumAnakA prayojaka ho sakatA hai| kintu bhUta yA bhAvi saadhnomeN vyApti gRhota na ho sakanase ve anumAnake prayojaka nahIM ho sakate / 'yaha yajJazAlA agnimatI thI yA hogI, kyoMki bhUtakAlameM dhUma thA yA bhaviSyameM hogA'3 isa prakArake anumAna jaina darzanameM mAnya nahIM hai, kyoMki aise hetuoMkI vyAptikA grahaNa sambhava nahIM hai / vyAptike grahaNake lie sAdhanakA vartamAna kAlameM honA Avazyaka hai / sAdhya bhale hI bhUta yA bhAvi ho| parArthAnumAnakA svarUpa batalAte hae dharmabhUSaNane likhA hai ki pratijJA aura heturUpa paropadezakI apekSA lekara zrotAko jo sAdhanase sAdhya ( anumeyArtha )kA jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha parArthAnumAna hai| yahA~ bhI unakA 'zrotA' pada ullekhanIya hai, jisake dvArA yaha vyakta kiyA gayA hai ki zrotAko parArthAnumAna hotA hai, svArthAnamAna nhiiN| svArthAnumAna to dRSTAko hotA hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki dharmabhUpaNane yahAM jayantabhaTTa" aura vAdi devamUrike usa matako AlocanA kI hai jisameM ukta tAkikoMne zrotAke bhI svArthAnumAna batalAyA hai aura vaktAko parArthAnumAnakA prayoktA kahA hai / para hama pahale ina donoM tAkikoMke matapara vicAra prakaTa karate hue kaha Aye haiM ki vaktA parArthAnumAnavacanaprayoga dvArA zrotAko vyAptijJAna karAtA hai yA vaktAke ukta prakArake vacanaprayogase zrotAko vyApti 1. paropadezAbhAve'pi sAdhanAtsAdhyabodhanam / yadraSTurjAyate svArthamanumAnaM taducyate / / -nyA. do0 pRSTha 75 / 2. 'tadevaM paropadezAnapekSiNaH sAdhanAd dRzyamAnAddharbhiniSTha tayA sAdhye yadvizAnaM tatsvArthA numAnamiti sthitam / -vaho, pRSTha 74 / 3. 'zyaM yazazAlA vahnimatI bhaviSyati bhAvidhUmAt / iyaM yazazAlA vahnimatyAsIt bhUtadhUmAt / ' -si. mu. ( Tippa0 ) pRSTha 56 / 4. pratizAheturUparopadezavazAt zroturutpannaM sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnaM parArthAnumAnamityarthaH / __-nyA0 dI0 pRSTha 75 / 5. nyA0 maM0 pRSTha 130-131 6. syA0 ra0 2 / 23. pRSTha 548, 546 /

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anumAnabheda-vimarza : 129 jJAna hotA hai / parantu vyAptijJAnake anantara sAdhanase sAdhyakA jJAna vaha svayaM karatA hai / ataH usakA sAdhyajJAna svArthAnumAna hI hai / hA~, zrotAkA vyAptijJAna usake svArthAnumAnakA kAraNa honese parArtha anumAna kahA jA sakatA hai / tathA vaktAke pratijJA-heturUpa vacana bhI zrotAke vyAptijJAnake kAraNa honese parArthAnumAna kahe jA sakate haiN| parArthAnumAnake aMga aura avayava : dharmabhUSaNakI eka vizeSatA aura ullekhya hai / unhoMne svArthAnamAnako taraha parArthAnumAnake bhI aMgoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai / arthAt parArthAnumAna bhI svArthAnumAnako bhAMti dharmI, sAdhya aura sAdhana ina tIna athavA pakSa aura hetu ina do aMgoM se sampanna hotA hai| yaha jJAnAtmaka parArthAnumAnake sambandhame unakA vivecana hai| para vacanAtmaka parArthAnumAna ( parArthAnumAna prayojaka-vAkya ) ke unhoMne do avayava batalAye hai-(1) pratijJA aura ( 2) hetu| aura inakA samIkSA pUrvaka pratipAdana kiyA hai / inapara hama Age 'avayava vimarza' prakaraNa meM vizeSa vicAra kreNge| isa prakAra jaina tarkagranthoM meM anumAnake svArtha aura parArtha yahI do bheda abhimata haiN| 1. tasyaitasya parArthAnumAnasyAMgasampattiH svArthAnumAnavat / -nyA0 dI0 pRSTha 76 / 2. parArthAnumAnaprayojakasya ca vAkyasya dAvayavI, pratijJA hetuzca / -vahI, pRSTha 76 / 17

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dvitIya pariccheda vyApti-vimarza (ka) vyApti-svarUpa : anumAnakA mUlAdhAra vyApti hai / ataeva usakA yahA~ vizeSatayA svarUpa vivecita kiyA jAtA hai / 1 'vyApti' (vi + Apti) kA zAbdika artha hai vizeSa prApti - vizeSa sambandha | usa vizeSa sambandhakA nAma vyApti hai jo na vicchinna hotA hai aura na vyabhicarita / prazna hai ki vaha vizeSa sambandha kyA hai ? tarkazAstra meM yaha vizeSa sambandha una do padArthoMke niyata sAhacaryako kahA gayA hai jinameM gamyagamakabhAva yA sAdhyasAdhanabhAva vivakSita hai / athavA liMga-liMgI yA sAdhana-sAdhya meM gamaka- gamyabhAva yA sAdhanasAdhyAbhAvakA prayojaka jo sambandha hai vaha vizeSa sambandha hai / yathA - viziSTa megha aura vRSTikA sambandha | sAmAnyatayA sAhacarya do prakArakA hai - ( 1 ) aniyata aura ( 2 ) niyata / aniyatakA artha hai vyabhicarita aura niyatakA avyabhicarita / vahni aura dhUmakA sambandha aniyata sambandha hai, kyoMki kadAcit vahnike rahate hue bhI dhUma nahIM hotA / jaise aMgAre yA koyalekI agni / isa sambandha meM ekakI upasthiti dUsare ke binA bhI sambhava hai / ataeva isa prakArakA sAhacarya - sambandha aniyata yA vyabhicarita kahalAtA hai / yahA~ aniyama yA vyabhicArakA artha ho hai eka ke abhAva meM dUsarekA sadbhAva / para jina dokA sAhacaryaM niyata (avyabhicarita) hotA hai unameM vizeSa sambandha arthAt vyApti mAnI gayI hai / " yathA - dhUma aura vahnikA sambandha / jahA~ ghUma hotA hai vahA~ vahni avazya hotI hai, jaise -- pAkazAlA / aura jahA~ nahIM hotI vahA~ ghUma bhI nahIM hotA, jaise - jalAzaya / isa prakAra dhUmakI vahnike sAtha vyApti hai -- usa ( vahni ) ke honepara ho vaha ( dhUma ) hotA hai, na honepara nahIM hotA / ataH dhUma aura vahnikA sAhacarya sambandha niyata evaM avyabhicarita sambandha hai / tAtparya yaha ki jisa sAdhana aura sAdhya ke sAhacarya sambandha meM aniyama yA vyabhicAra na pAyA jAe use niyata evaM avyabhicarita sambandha kahA gayA hai aura aise sambandhakA nAma hI vyApti hai / vicAraNIya hai ki prAcIna nyAyagranthoMmeM vyAptikA svarUpa kyA batalAyA hai ? 1. yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatrAgniriti sAhacaryaniyamo vyAptiH / - annambhaTTa, tarkasaM0 naM0 pRSTha 54 / kezava mizra, tarkabhA0 pRSTha 72 /

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vyApti-vimarza : 131 vyAptisamIkSaNa-prakaraNameM yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki gautamake nyAyasUtra, vAtsyAyanake nyAyabhASya aura udyotakarake nyAyavAtikameM vyAptiko svIkAra nahIM kiyA / ataH ina granthoM meM vyAptikA svarUpa upalabdha nahIM hotA / bauddha tArkika dharmakIti' aura unake vyAkhyAkAra acaMTane avazya usakA svarUpa nirdiSTa kiyA hai / unhoMne batAyA hai ki vyApakake hone para ho vyApyakA honA athavA vyApyake hone para vyApakakA honA ho hetuko vyApti hai| yahIM vyApaka aura vyApya donoMke dharmako vyApti kahA gayA hai / jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki vyApakake hone para hI vyApyakA honA vyApti hai taba vyApya-dharma vyApti vivakSita hai| aura jaba yaha pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai ki vyApyake hone para vyApakakA honA hI vyApti hai taba vyApakadharma vyApti abhipreta hai| __nyAyavAttikatAtparyaTokAkAra vAcaspatine yadyapi vyAptiko lakSya mAnakara usakA svarUpa nahIM diyA, kyoMki unheM nyAyaparamparAnusAra vyApti svIkArya nahIM hai, para unhoMne sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhanakA svAbhAvika sambandha mAnakara usakA jaisA vivecana kiyA hai vaha vyApti jaisA hai| udayanane unake AzayakA udghATana vyAptiparaka kiyA hai / vAcaspatine likhA hai ki koI sambandha ho, vaha jisakA svAbhAvika evaM niyata hai vahI gamaka aura itara sambandhI gamya hotA hai| aura svAbhAvikakA artha hai koI upAdhi na honaa| jaise dhUmAdikakA vahnayAdike sAtha svAbhAvika sambandha hai, kyoMki usameM koI upAdhi nahIM hai| para vahnayAdikA ghUmAdike sAtha svAbhAvika sambandha nahIM hai, kyoMki vahnayAdi dhUmAdikake binA bhI upalabdha haiN| ataH yahA~ AndhanAdi upAdhikA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki vAcaspatike' abhiprAyAnusAra nirupAdhika svAbhAvika sambandhakA nAma vyApti hai / udayanane vAcaspatikA anusaraNa karate hue spaSTatayA svAbhA1. tasya vyAptihi vyApakamya tatra bhAva eva / vyApyasya vA tatraiva bhAvaH / -hetubi0 pR0 53 / 2. tasya pakSadharmasya sato vyApti:-yA vyAnoti yazca vyApyate tadubhayadharmatayA pratAte : / -hetubi0 TI0 pRSTha 17-18 / 3. tasmAdyo vA sa vA'stu sambandhaH, kevalaM yasyAsI svAbhAviko niyataH sa eva gamako gamyazcetara : sambandhIti yujyate / / -nyA0 vA0 tA0 TI0 11115, pRSTha 165 / 4. nyAyavA0 tA0 pari0 1 / 115, pR0 676 / 5. tasmAdupAdhi prayatnenAnviSyanto'nupalabhamAnA nAstotyavagamya svAbhAvikatvaM sambandhasya nishcinumH| -nyA. vA0 tA0 TI0 115, pR0 165 / 6. nanu ko'yaM pratibandho nAma / anaupAdhikaH sambandha iti brUmaH / -kiraNA0 pR0 267 tathA 300 /

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132 : jaina tarkazAsa meM anumAna-vicAra vikakA artha anopAdhika kiyA hai aura upAdhike vizadIkaraNake sAtha usake bhedoMkA bhI vivecana kiyA hai| vAcaspati aura udayanake isa nirUpaNase avagata hotA hai ki sAdhpa-sAdhana yA gamya-gamakarUpase abhimata do vastuoMmeM niyata sambandhakA kAraNa anopAdhikatA hai aura aniyatasambandhakA kAraNa aupAdhikatA ( upAdhi ) / upAdhi na honese sAdhana sAdhyakA niyamase anumApaka hotA hai aura upAdhike rahanese sAdhana sAdhana na rahakara sAdhanAbhAsa ho jAtA hai aura vaha sAdhyakA samyaka gamaka nahIM hotA / udAharaNArtha 'ayogIlakaM dhUmavat vahnaH' isa anumAnameM ArdaindhanasaMyoga upAdhi hai| ataeva 'vahni' hetu sopAdhika hone se vyApyatvAsiddha yA vyabhicArI hetvAbhAsa mAnA gayA hai / aura isalie usame yathArtha anumiti sambhava nahIM hai / ataH sAdhya-sAdhanameM niyata sambandhake nirNAyArtha usakA upAdhirahita honA Avazyaka hai| (kha) upAdhi : yataH niyatasambandha-vyAptikA uparyuka svarUpa upAdhighaTita hai, ataH upAdhikA vizleSaNa Avazyaka hai / isakA abhidheyArtha hai-'upa samIpavartini AdadhAti svakIyaM rUpamini upAdhi.'2-jo samIpavartI vastumeM apanA rUpa Aropita kare vaha upAdhi hai| udAharaNake lie japAkusumako liyA jA sakatA hai| yadi japAkusumako svaccha sphaTikarmANake samIpa rakha deM to usakI lAlimA usameM Aropita ho jAtI hai / yataH yaha lAlimA japAkusumarUpa upAdhike saMsargase usameM AyI hai, ataH vaha aupAdhika hai, svAbhAvika nhiiN| isI prakAra vahni hetuse dhUmAnumAna karane meM dhUmasAmagro ( AIndhanasaMyoga ) upAdhi hai, kyoMki usake saMsargase 'vahni ma dhUmavyAptikA Aropa ( AdhAna ) hotA hai| ataH 'vahni' hetu AIndhanasaMyogarUpa upAdhiyukta hone ke kAraNa sAdhyakA gamaka nahIM hai| upAdhiko udayanakRta paribhASAke anusAra bho AandhanasaMyoga sAdhyakA vyApaka aura sAdhanakA avyApaka honese upAdhi hai aura upAdhisahita honeke kAraNa 'vahni' hetu dhama-sAdhyakA sAdhaka nahIM hai| isI taraha 'sa zyAmI maitrI 1. vahI. pR0 300, 301 / 2. hetvAbhAsavizeSaprayojakIbhUno'rthaH ( upAdhiH ) / yadyabhicAritvena sAdhanasya sAdhyavya bhicAritvaM saH / udayanAcAryamate upAdhipadaM yogarUDham / atra vyutpttiH| upa samIpavartini AdadhAti saMkrAmayati svIyaM dharmamityugAdhiH, iti / yathA sphaTikala hatye japAkusumamupAdhirityatra lIhityasaMkAmakatvam / " / -bhImAcArya, nyAyakoza pRSTha 177, 'upAdhi' zabda / 3. sAdhyavyApakatve sApanAvyApakatvamiti / -kiraNAva0 pRSTha 300 /

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myAti-vimarza : 15 tanayatvAt, itaratanayavat'' isa asad-anumAnameM bhI annapAnAdipariNativizeSa yA zAkapAkajanyatva upAdhi vidyamAna honese maitrItanayatvahetu apane zyAmatAsAdhyakA anumApaka nahIM hai| udayanake pazcAt kezavamizra', annambhaTTa, vizvanAtha Adi aneka naiyAyikoMne bhI vyApti aura upAdhipara cintana evaM nibandhana kiyA hai| kintu sarvAdhika vicAra aura lekhana gaMgeza upAdhyAya ( 1200 I0 )ne kiyA hai / unhoMne pUrvapakSameM prathamataH una vyAptilakSaNoMko prastuta karake unakI samIkSA kI hai, jo yA to anya tAkikoM dvArA abhimata haiM yA unhoMne svayaM apanI pratibhAke balapara unako samAlocanArtha parikalpanA ko hai| tadanantara siddhAntapakSake rUpameM apanA pariSkRta vyApti-lakSaNa upasthita kiyA aura usameM sambhAvya dopoMkA parihAra karake use niduSTa siddha kiyA hai| ye sabhI vyAptilakSaNa navyanyAyapaddhatise cacita haiM / inapara raghunAtha ziromaNine dIdhiti, mathurAnAtha tarkavAgIzane mAthurI, jagadIza taulaMkArane jAgadIgI aura gadAdhara bhaTTAcAryane gAdAdharI vyAkhyAeM likhakara unheM vistRta, jaTila aura duravabodha banA diyA hai / para duravabodhake kAraNa unakA adhyayana-anuzIlana avaruddha nahIM huA, vaha mithilA aura navadvIpase bAhara Akara dhore-dhIre mahArASTra, madrAsa aura kAzmIrama hotA huA prAyaH sAre bhAratameM prasRta ho gayA / Ajase eka por3hA pUrva taka ukta adhyayanakI dhArA bahatI rahI, parantu aba vaha kSINa hotI jA rahI hai| (ga) upAdhi-nirUpaNakA prayojana : prazna hai ki vyApti-nirUpaNake sAtha upAdhi-nirUpaNakA prayojana kyA hai ? isakA samAdhAna karate hue gaMgeza Adi tAkikoMne kahA hai ki yadi kisI anumAnameM upAdhikA sadbhAva hai to spaSTa hai ki hetu sAdhyavyabhicArI hai, kyoMki jo sAdhyake 1. na ca zyAmAdipu maitratanayAdonAM svAbhAvikapratibandhamambhavaH, annapAnapariNatimedasyopAdhe: zyAmatAyA maitratanayasambandhaM prati vidyamAnatvena metra tanayatvasyAgamakatvAt / -nyAyavA0 tA0 ttii01|115, pRSTha 167 / 2. takamA0 pRSTha 72, 75, 76 / 3. tarkasaM0 pRSTha 78-82 tathA 62 / 4. si. mu. pR0 53-78 tathA 122 / 5. ta. ci0, jAgado0 pR0 78-82, 86.86, 99.121, 171, 177, 178, 181, 186, 167, 201, 202, 206, tathA 209.360 / / 6. vizvezvara siddhAntaziromaNi, tarkabhASA-bhUmikA, pRSTha 48 / 7. tathAhi-samavyAptasya viSamavyAptasya vA sAdhyavyApakasya vyabhicAreNa sAdhanasya sAdhyavyabhicAraH sphuTa eva, vyApakavyabhicAriNastadvayApyavyabhicAraniyamAt / -ta. ci0 upAdhivAda, pRSTha 345 /

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134 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra vyApakakA vyabhicArI hotA hai vaha sAdhya ( vyApya ) kA vyabhicArI avazya hotA hai / udAharaNArtha 'dhUmavat vahneH' yahA~ ArdrendhanasaMyoga upAdhi hai| ArdrandhanasaMyoga dhUma ( sAdhya ) kA vyApaka ( samavyApta ) hai aura vahni ( hetu ) ArdrendhanasaMyogakA vyabhicArI hai - vaha usake abhAva ( ayogolaka Adi ) meM bhI rahatA hai / ata: 'vahni' hetu 'dhUma' sAdhyake vyApaka ( ArdrendhanasaMyoga ) kA vyabhicArI honese dhUma ( sAdhya - vyApya ) kA bhI vyabhicArI hai / tAtparya yaha ki upAdhike sadbhAvase hetu meM vyabhicAra aura upAdhike abhAva se usameM avyabhicArakA anumAna hotA hai / ana: yadi kisI hetu meM upAdhi upalabdha hotI hai to usase usa hetumeM vyabhicArakA nizcaya hotA hai aura vyabhicArake nizcayase tajjanya anumAna dUpita anumAna samajhA jAtA hai aura yadi upAdhi nahIM pAyI jAto to usake abhAva se hetumeM avyabhicArakA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai aura avyabhicArake nirNayase tadutpanna anumAna nirdoSa mAnA jAtA hai / yahI upAdhi-vicArakA prayojana hai / 4 eka prazna aura hai / vaha yaha ki upAdhike sadbhAva aura asadbhAvakA nirNaya kaise hotA hai ? isa sambandha meM vAcaspatikA mata hai ki prayatnase upAdhikA anveSaNa kiyA jaae| yadi anveSaNa karane para vaha upalabdha na ho to 'upAdhi nahIM hai' aisA avagata karake vivakSita sAdhana ke sambandhakI svAbhAvikatA ( anopAdhikatA ) kA nizcaya kara sakate haiM / udayana' vAcaspati ke isa mantavyako spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki pratyakSagamya upAdhiyoM kA nirAkaraNa to yogyAnupalabdhise ho jAtA hai aura pramANAntaragamya vyApaka avyApaka nitya - anitya sambhAvya upAdhiyoMkA nirAsa parIkSA ( sarvazaGkAnivarttaka tarka ) dvArA hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki upAdhiko na dekhane para virodhipramANake hone na hone ke nizcaya meM vyagra rahane ke kAraNa anumAtA anumiti meM kucha kAlakA vilamba kara dete haiM / antatogatvA upAdhike anupalambhase usake abhAvakA 1. udayana, kiraNAvalI, pRSTha 301 / 2. vyabhicArasyAnumAnamupAdhestu prayojanam / - vizvanAtha, si0 mu0 kA0 140, pR0 123 / 3. tasmAdupAdhAvavazyaM vyabhicAro'nupAdhAvavazyamavyabhicAraH... - nyAyavA0 tA0 pari01115, 50 672 tathA kiraNAvalI pRSTha 300 / ta0 ci0 upAdhivAda, pR0 394-95 / 4. tasmAdupAdhiM prayatnenAntriSyanto'nupalabhamAnA nAstItyavagamya svAbhAvikatvaM sambandhasya nizcinumaH / - nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 1 1 5, pR0 165 / 5. pratyakSApalambhAstAvadyogyAnupalabdhereva nirastAH / pramANAntaraparidRSTAnAmapi vyApakAnAmupAdhit vahneH sArvatrikatvaprasaMga: avyApakAnAmapi nityaanaamupaacitve...| ata evAMpAdhimapazyanto... muhUrtamanumitau vilambAmahe / / - nyAyavA0 tA0 parizu0 1 1 5, pR0 662-95 / tathA kiraNA0 pR0 301 /

Page #162
vyApti-vimarza : 135 nizcaya ho jAtA hai| yathA dhUmake svAbhAvika sambandhameM upAdhike anupalambhase usake abhAvakA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra anyatra bhI dRSTavya hai / ukta spaSTIkaraNake pazcAt bhI eka zaMkA banI rahatI hai, jisako ora varddhamAnopAdhyAyane saMketa kiyA hai / vaha yaha ki ukta prakArase pratyakSagamya upAdhiyoMke abhAvakA nizcaya hone para bhI atIndriya ( ayogya ) yA zaMkita upAdhiyoMke abhAvakA nizcaya kaise hogA? udayanane isakA bhI samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki vipakSabAdhaka takase ukta prakArakI upAdhiyoMke abhAvakA bhI nizcaya ho jAtA hai / isa sandarbhameM kezava mizrakA samAdhAna bhI ullekhanIya hai / unakA kahanA hai ki atIndriya upAdhiyoMkI AzaMkA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki unake atIndriya honese ve upAdhi-AviSkartAko jJAta nahIM haiM aura ajJAta sthitimeM unake sadbhAvakI zaMkA nirmala hai : tAtparya yaha ki pramANasiddha upAdhikI AzaMkA kI jAnI caahie| anyathA bhojanAdimeM bhI viSAdike sadbhAvakI zaMkA rahana para unameM lokikoMkI pravRtti nahIM ho skegii|" niSkarSa yaha ki pramANopapanna upAdhike nizcayase vyabhicArakA nizcaya aura vyabhicArake nizcayase vivakSita sAdhyasAdhanameM vyAptike abhAvakA nirNaya hotA hai| tathA upAdhike abhAvanizcayase vyabhicArake abhAvanizcayakA aura vyabhicArake abhAvanizcayase vyAptikA nizcaya hotA hai| (gha ) jaina dRSTikoNa : mANikyanandi Adi jaina tAkikoMne vyAptikA svarUpa dete hue likhA hai'isake hone para hI yaha hotA hai, nahIM hone para nahIM hI hotA' yaha vyApti hai| isIko avinAbhAva athavA anyathAnupapatti bhI kahate haiN| ataeva sAdhanako avi 1. ImAnopAdhyAya, nyAyavA0 tAtpa0 pari0 nyAyanibandhaprakAzaTI0 pR0 695 / 2. tarkazca marvazaMkAnirAkaraNapaTIyAn vigAjate / vijayate ) / -udayana, nyAyavA0 tA0 pari0 115, pR0 695, tathA kiraNA0 pRSTha 301 / 3. ayogyamya zakitumazakyatvAt |'-keshmishr, takamA0 pR0 76 / 4. vyabhicAra evaM pratibandhAbhAvaH / upAdhava vyabhicArazaMkA, pramANanizcita evopAdhitvena zaMkanIyaH -udayana, nyAyavA0 tA0 pari0 115, pR. 676-77, / 5. yathA cAprAmANikApAghizaMkayA micAritvazaMkayAnumAnAdinivRttistathA'prAmANikA. narthazaMkayaMva viziSTAhAramonanAdinivRttiH / -vahI, pR0 676, tathA pRSTha 675 / 6. idamasmin satyeva bhavatyamati tu na bhavatyeva / yathA'gnAvaMva dhUmastadabhAva na bhavatyevAMta ca / -mANikyanandi, pa0 mu0 3 / 12, 13 /

Page #163
136 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna - vicAra nAbhAvo athavA anyathAnupapanna batalAyA gayA hai|' isakA artha haiM jo sAdhana sAdhyake abhAva meM na ho, usake hone para hI ho vahI gamaka haiM aura usakA sAdhya gamya / 2 para jo sAdhana sAdhya ke abhAvameM upalabdha hai vaha usa sAdhyakA sAdhana nahIM aura vaha sAdhya bhI usa sAdhanakA gamya ( viSaya ) nahIM - donoM hI kramazaH sAghanAbhAsa tathA sAdhyAbhAsa haiM / vastutaH isa avinAbhAva ke rahanese hI dhUma, agnikA gamaka hotA hai / ataH dhUma sAdhana hai aura vahni sAdhya / kintu 'ayogolaka dhUmavAlA hai, kyoMki usameM vahni hai' isa anumAna meM heturUpase prayukta vahni dhUmake abhAva meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai / isa kAraNa vaha dhUmakI avinAbhAvinI na honese vaha usakI gamaka nahIM hai / ata: vaha sAdhanAbhAsa haiM aura dhUma sAdhanAbhAsakA viSaya honese sAdhyAbhAsa / pratyakSa hai ki ayogolaka meM vahni hone para bhI dhUma nahIM hotA / ataeva 'agni anuSNa hai, kyoMki vaha dravya hai isa anumAnagata anuSNatva sAdhyakI taraha ukta anumAna meM prayukta dhUma-sAdhya pratyakSaviruddha - sAdhyAbhAsa hai / tathA use siddha karaneke lie datta 'agni' hetu pratyakSabAdhita nAmaka kAlAtyApadiSTa sAdhanAbhAsa hai / usameM ArdrendhanasaMyogarUpa upAdhikI kalpanA karake usake sadbhAvase agnimeM vyabhicArakA nizcaya aura vyabhicAra ke nizcayase vyAptike abhAvakA nizcaya jaina tArkika nahIM krte| unakA mantavya hai ki usameM mAtra paramparA - parizrama aura anyonyAzraya hai / yaha dekhanA cAhie ki vahnikA dhUmake sAtha avinAbhAva hai yA nahIM ? spaSTa hai ki vahni aMgAre AdimeM dhUmake binA bhI upalabdha hotI hai / ataH vahnikA dhUmake sAtha avinAbhAva nahIM hai aura avinAbhAva na hone se vaha sAdhanAbhAsa hai / isI taraha 'garbhastho maitrItanayaH zyAmo bhavitumarhati maitrItanayatvAt ' yahA~ bhI maMtrItanayatvahetukA zyAmatvasAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva nahIM hai aura avinAbhAvake na honese maitrItanayatvahetu hetvAbhAsa hai" / prakaTa hai ki garbhastha putrako maitrIkA putra honese zyAma honA cAhie, yaha anivArya nahIM hai, kyoMki usake gore 1. sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetu : / - 10 mu0 3 / 15 | sAdhanaM prakRtAbhAve'nupapannaM tato'pare / - akalaMka, nyAyavini0 2 / 266 tathA pramANasaM0 3 / 21 / 2. tatrAnyatrApi vA'siddhaM yadvinA yadvihanyate / tatra tadgamakaM tena sAdhyadharmI ca sAdhanam // nyAyavi0 2 / 221 / 3. vahI, 2 343, 2 / 172 / 4. dharmabhUSaNa, nyA0 dI0 pR0 110 / 5. vahI, pR0 32 /

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myApti-vimarza : 1. honekI bho sambhAvanA hai| yathArtha meM maitrItayatvahetukA zyAmattvasAdhya ke sAtha na sahabhAvaniyama hai aura na kramabhAvaniyaya, kyoMki koI yadi yaha vyabhicAra-zaMkA kare ki garbhastha putrameM 'maitrIkA putrapana' to ho, kintu 'kAlApana' na ho, to isa vyabhicAra-zaMkAkA nivartaka aisA anukUla taka nahIM hai ki 'yadi garbhastha putrameM kAlApana na ho to usameM 'maitrIkA putrapana' bhI nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki garbhastha maitrIputrameM 'maitrIke putrapana' ke rahane para bhI kAlApana sandigdha hai| aura vipakSameM bAdhakapramANoM-vyabhicAra-zaMkA nivartaka anukUla toMke balase hetu aura sAdhyameM vyAptikA nizcaya hotA hai aura vyAptike nizcayase sahabhAva athavA kramabhAvakA nirNaya hotA hai| tathA sahabhAva aura kramabhAvaniyama hI avinAbhAva haiN| ataH maMtrItanayatvahetumeM zAkapAkajanyatva upAdhike sadbhAvase vyabhicAra aura vyabhicArase vyAptikA abhAva nahIM hai, apitu vyabhicArazaMkAnivartaka anukUla tarkake na honese hI usameM vyAptikA abhAva hai| yahI dRSTikoNa jaina tAkikoMne sabhI sad-asad anumAnoMmeM apanAyA hai| tAtparya yaha ki jaina tarkazAstrame hetuko gamakatA aura agamakatAmeM prayojaka kramazaH usake sAdhyAvinAbhAvakA nizcaya aura sAdhyAvinAbhAvake abhAvakA nizcaya svIkRta hai / tathA avinAbhAvakA nizcaya ekamAtra tarkapratiSThita hai, jaisA ki Age vivecita hai| (Ga) vyApti-grahaNa : isa vyAptike grahaNa ( nizcaya ) kA UhApoha cArvAkake atirikta zeSa sabhI bhAratIya vicArakoMne kiyA hai| cArvAka* vyApti-grahaNako asambhava batalAkara anumAnake prAmANyakA niSedha karatA hai aura pratyakSako hI ekamAtra jJAnopalabdhikA sAdhana mAnatA hai| kintu anya samasta anumAnapramANavAdI anumAnake AdhArabhUta vyApti-grahaNako sambhava batalAte aura usake grahaNa-prakArakA pratipAdana karate haiM / yahA~ dArzanikoMke vyApti grahaNasambandhI matoMpara vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| 1. na hi maitrItanayatvasya hetutvAbhimatasya zyAmatvena sAdhyavAbhimatena sahabhAvaH kramamAvo vA niyamA'sti, yena maitrItanayatvaM hetuH zyAmatyaM sAdhyaM gamayet / -nyA0 do0 pRSTha 92 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 63 / 3. sahakamabhAvaniyamo'vinAbhAvaH / -mANikyanandi, pa0 mu0 3.16 / 4. satyapyanvayavizAne satarkapariniSThitaH / avinAbhAvasambandhaH sAkalyenAvadhAryate // -akalaMka, nyA0 vi0 2 / 326 / 5. prabhAcandra, pra0 ka0 mA0 2 / 1, pRSTha 177, dvitIya saMskaraNa / 18

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138 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra (1) bauddha vyApti-grahaNa : dharmakItike' anusAra vyApti do sambandhoMpara AdhRta hai-( 1 ) tadutpatti aura ( 2 ) tAdAtmya / jina do vastuoMmeM kAryakAraNabhAva hotA hai unameM tadutpatti sambandha mAnA gayA hai| jaise dhUma aura vhni| tathA jina domeM vyApyavyApakabhAva hotA hai unameM tAdAtmya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / yathA sattva aura kSaNikatva athavA zizapAtva aura vRkSatva / ina do sambandhoMko chor3akara anya koI sambandha yA pramANa avinAbhAvakA niyAmaka (sthApaka ) nahIM hai / na hI darzana ( anvaya yA pratyakSa ) se usakI sthApanA sambhava hai aura na adarzana ( vyatireka yA apratyakSa-anupalambha ) se / arcaTana' dharmakItike isa kathanakA samarthana karate hue likhA hai ki tAdAtmya aura tadutpattike sAtha avinAbhAva aura avinAbhAvake sAtha ve donoM vyApta hai| jinameM na tAdAtmya hai aura na tadutpatti unameM avinAbhAva nahIM hotaa| parantu pUrvacara, uttaracara, sahacara Adi kitane ho aise hetu haiM jinameM na tAdAtmya hai aura na tadutpatti, phira bhI unameM avinAbhAva rahatA hai tathA avinAbhAva rahanese unheM gamaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha 'zva: savitAudetA adyatanasaviturudayAt', 'zakaTaM udeSyati kRttikodayAt', 'udgAdbharaNiH kRttikodayAt', 'rasasamAnakAlaM rUpaM jAtaM rasAt', 'candrodayo jAtaH samudravRddhaH' ityAdi hetuoMmeM na tAdAtmya hai aura na kAryakAraNabhAva / para avinAbhAva hai aura isalie ve gamaka hai / 1. kAryakAraNabhAvAdvA svabhAvAdvA niyAmakAt / avinAbhAvaniyamo darzanAnna nAdarzanAt // -pra0 vA0 130 / 2. tAdAtmyatadutpattibhyAmavinAbhAvo vyAptaH, tyorttraavshyNbhaavaat| tasya ca tayoreva bhAvA datattvabhAvasyAtadutpattezca ( tadanAyattata ) yA tadavyabhicAra niyamAbhAvAt / -he. bi0 TI0 pRSTha 8 / 3. candrAdelacandrAdipratipattistathAnumA // na hi jalacandrAde: candrAdiH svabhAvaH kArya vA / bhaviSyatpratipadyeta zakaTaM kRttikodayAt / zva Aditya udeteti grahaNaM vA bhaviSyati // -laghIya0 kA0 13, 14 / 4. tadetasmin pratibandhaniyame kathaM candrAderagbhiAgadarzanAt paramAgo'numoyeta ? nAnayo: kAryakAraNabhAvaH sahaiva mAvAt / na ca tAdAtmya, lakSaNabhadAt / alamanyathAnupapatteranavadyamanumAnam / -siddhivi0 62, pRSTha 373 /

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gyAti-vimarza : .139 ullekhanIya hai ki sarvadarzanasaMgrahakArane bauddhoMke kAryakAraNabhAvanizcayake prakArakA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| vaha prakAra hai 'paMcakAraNo' / unhoMne likhA hai ki bauddha naiyAyika paMcakAraNI prakriyAke dvArA kAryakAraNabhAvakA nizcaya karate haiM aura kAryakAraNabhAvake nizcayase avinAbhAvakA nizcaya / yaha pratipAdana dharmakItikA hai, jise unhoMne hetubindumeM kiyA hai / parantu dharmakIrti aura unake TIkAkAroMne avinAbhAvako kAryakAraNabhAva aura svabhAva ( tAdAtmya ) ina domeM hI niyantrita kara usake vyApaka svarUpa evaM kSetrako saMkucita banA diyA hai, phalataH ukta pUrvacarAdi hetuoMmeM vyAptiko sthApanA nahIM ho sktii| (2) vedAnta vyApti-sthApanA : vedAnta darzanameM vyAptikA grahaNa pratyakSa dvArA mAnA gayA hai| usakA mata haiM ki sAdhya-sAdhanake sAhacaryako grahaNa karanevAlA pratyakSa bhUyodarzana, vyabhicArAdarzana Adi sahakAriyoMse sahakRta ho kara vyAptikA nizcaya karatA hai| jahAM pUrvasaMskAra prabala rahate haiM vahAM vyAptikA nirNaya anumAna aura Agama dvArA bhI hotA hai| yathA-'brahmANo na hantavyaH', 'gIna pAdAHspRSTavyAH' 'jaise sthaloMmeM vyAptikA grahaNa AgamadvArA hI sambhava hai| bauddhoM aura vedAtinyoM kI vyAptisthApanAmeM yaha antara hai ki bauddhoMke anusAra 1. tasmAttadutpattinizcayenAvinAbhAvo nizcIyate / tadutpattinizzayazva kAryahetvoH pratyakSopa lambhAnupalambhapaMcakanibandhanaH / kAryasyotpatteH prAganupalambhaH, kAraNopalamme sani upalambhaH upalabdhasya pazcAt kAraNAnapalambhAdanapalambhaM iti paMcakAraNyA dhUmadhUmadhvajayoH kAryakAraNabhAvo nishciiyte|| -mAdhavAcArya, sarvadarzanasaMgraha bauddha darza0 pRSTha 20 / / 2. devamUri, syAvAdaratnAkara 38, pRSTha 513, 514 bhI dRSTavya hai| 3. kAyahetau kAryakAraNabhAvamiddhiH yathedamamyopalamme upalabhyate upalabdhilakSaNaprAptamanupala bdhamapalamyate, satsvapyanyeSu hetupu asyAbhAve na bhavatIti yastadbhAve bhAvastadabhAve'bhAvazca pratyakSAnupalambhasAdhanaH kAryakAraNabhAvaH tasya siddhiH / -hetu. vi. pRSTha 54 / 4. vedAntinastvAhuH / pratyakSaM tyAptigrAhakam / tathA ca sAhacaryagrAhiNaH pratyakSasya bhUyodarzanavyabhicArAdarzanopAdhyamAtranizcayAH sahakAriNaH / evamanumAnAgamAvapi vyaaptigraahkii| tatrAgamena vyAptigrahastu 'brAhmaNA na hantavyaH', 'gorna pAdAH spRSTavyAH' iti / atra dRSTAnnApekSA nAsti / -nyAyakoza, pR0 833 / 5. (ka) atha pratyakSapRSThabhAvivikalpAt sAkalyena sAdhyasAdhanabhAvapratipattana pramANAntara tadartha mRgymityprH| -pra0ra0 mA0 212, pRSTha 56 / / ( kha ) yasyAnumAnamantareNa sAmAnyaM na pratIyate tasyAyaM doSo'smAkaM tu pratyakSapRSThabhAvinApi vikalpena prakRtivibhramAt sAmAnyaM pratIyate / / -hetuvinduTo0, pRSTha 23, 24 / tathA manoratha0 pRSTha 7 //

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140 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra nivilpaka pratyakSa ke bAda hone vAlA savikalpaka vyAptigrAhaka hai, jo ukta do sambandhoMpara nirbhara hai| para vedAntadarzanameM bhUyodarzanAdi sahaqata nirvikalpaka anubhava vyAptiko grahaNa karatA hai| (3) sAMkhya vyApti-grahaNa : sAMkhyadarzadameM vyAptigraha pratyakSa dvArA mAnA gayA hai / para bhASyakAra vijJAnabhikSa' niyama / avyabhicAra-vyApti )kA grahaNa anukUla tarka dvArA bhI pratipAdana karate haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki sAdhya aura sAdhana donoMke athavA kevala sAdhanake niyata sAhacaryakA nAma vyApti hai aura isa vyAptikA grahaNa vyabhicArazaMkAnivartaka anukUla tarka sahakRta darzanase hotA hai| ataeva vyAptidarzanake anantara jo vRttirUpa sAdhyajJAna hotA hai use anumAna kahA gayA hai| ( 4 ) momAMsA vyApti-graha : prabhAkarAnuyAyI zAlikAnAthane avyabhicArako vyApti kaha kara usakA grahaNa asakRddarzanase batalAyA hai| unakA abhimata hai ki jisa pramANase sAdhana sambandhaviziSTa gRhIta hotA hai usI pramANase usa sAdhanakA vyApti-sambandha bhI gRhIta ho jAtA hai| usake grahaNake lie pramANAntarakI apekSA nahIM hotii| udAharaNArtha 'yaha dhUma agni sambaddha hai' aisA pratyakSa (asakRddarzana)se jJAna hone para usako sambandhitA ( ghUmaniSTha vyAptisambandha ) kA bhI jJAna usIse ho jAtA hai / ataH asakRddarzana vyAptigrAhaka hai| bhaTTa kumArilane bhASyakAra zabarake anumAnalakSaNagata 'sambandhako' vyApti 1. prabandhadRzaH pratibaddhazAnamanumAnm / pratibandho vyaaptiH| vyAptidarzanAd vyApakazAnaM vRktirUpamanumAnaM pramANamiti / -sAM0 da. pra. bhA0 1.100 / 2. niyatadharmazAhityamabhayorekatarasya vA vyaaptiH| .."tathA cobhayoH sAdhyasAdhanayorekatarasya sAdhanamAtrasya vA niyataH avyabhicarito yaH sahacAraH sa vyApti niyamazcAnukUlatakeMNa grAhya iti| -vijJAnabhikSu, vahI 5 / 29 / 3. avyabhicAro hi vyAptiH.." / "yavastu yena pramANena sambandhaviziSTaM gRhyate-yathA pratyakSeNa dhUmo'gnisambandhaviziSTaH tasya tenaiva pramANana sambandhe vyApyatApi gamyate / ...avyabhicArastvasakRddarzanagamyaH / -pra0 paMcikA 11115, pRSTha 95-96 / 4. sambandho vyAptiriSTA'tra ligadharmasya liMginA / vyApyasya gamakatvaM ca vyApakaM gamyamiSyate // bhUyodarzanagamyA ca vyAptiH sAmAnyadharmayoH / jJAyate bhedahAnena kvaciccApi vizeSayoH / -mI0 zlo0 11115, anu0 pari0, pRSTha 348 /

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jyAti-vimarza:41 batalAte hue use bhUyodarnanagamya pratipAdana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki cAhe samavyApti ho yA viSamavyApti, donoMmeM vyApya hI gamaka hotA hai aura vyApaka hI gamya, kyoMki vyApyake jJAnase vyApakakA jJAna avazya hotA hai / parantu vyApakake jJAnase vyApyakA nahIM / ataH vyApyameM vyApyatA ( vyApti ) aura vyApakameM vyApitA ( vyApakatA ) hai / jaba-jaba dharmAntara ( mahAnasa )meM dhUma dekhA gayA taba-taba vahAM vahni bhI dekhI gyii| isalie dharmAntara ( sapakSa ) meM huA dhUma aura vahnikA anekabArakA sahadarzana ( bhUyodarzana ) hI dhUma aura vahnimeM vyApti-sambagdhakA nizcaya karAtA hai / vizeSa yaha ki kumArila' usa vyApti-sambandhako kevala pUrvadRSTa mahAnasAdigata hI mAnate tathA use hI anumAnAMga kahate haiM, sakaladezakAlagata nahIM / pArthasArathi kumArilake Azayako vyakta karate hue kahate haiM ki bahuta darzanoMse dhUma aura vahnike sAhitya ( sAhacarya )kA jJAna hone aura unameM vyabhicArakA jJAna na hone para mahAnasAdimeM agnike sAtha dhUmakI vyApti avagata ho jAtI hai| kintu usake pazcAt jo aisA jJAna hotA hai ki 'jahA~ jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahIM vahA~ agni hotI hai, vaha parokSarUpa honese AnumAnika hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki kumArila aura unake anuvartI momAMsaka tArkika vyAptiko kevala sapakSagata mAnate haiM, use sarvopasaMhAravatI nhiiN| isI kAraNa ve use pratyakSa ( bhUyodarzana ) gamya batalAte haiN| (5) vaizeSika vyApti-graha : vaizeSikadarjanameM sarvaprathama prazastapAdane anvaya aura vyatireka dvArA vyAptigraha pratipAdana kiyA hai| ve kumArilakI taraha vyAptiko kevala sapakSagata nahIM mAnate; 1. tena dharmAntareSveSA yasya yenaiva yaadRsho| deza yAvati kAle vA vyApyatA prAnirUpitA // tasya tAvAMta tAdRksa dRSTo dharmyantare punaH / byApyAMzI vyApakAMzasya tathaiva pratipAdakaH / -mI0 zlA0 vA0 11115, anumAnapari0 zlo0 10, 11 / 2. bahubhistu darzanairbahuSu dezeSu dhUmasyAgninA sAhityaM gamyate, tasmiMzcAvagate vyabhicAre cAnavagate yathAdRSTeSu dhUmasyAgninA vyAptiravagatA bhavati / "tAvataiva bahuzo'vagatAgnisAhityasya dhUmasya paridRSTepu dezakAleSu vaniniyamo'vagato bhavati, tAvadevAnumAnAMgaM, tadanantaraM tu yatra yatra dhUmaH tatra tatrAgniriti yo'vagamaH so'pyAnumAnika eva parokSarUpatvAt tasya tu pratyakSatvaM saMviddhirUddha / -vahI, nyA. ratnA0 11115, anu0 50 10, 11, pRSTha 350 / 3. vidhistu yatra dhUmastatrAgniragnyabhAve dhUmo'pi na bhavatIti / evaM prasiddhasamayasyA sandigdhadhUmadarzanAt sAhacaryAnusmaraNAttadanantaramagnyadhyavasAyo mavatIti / evaM sarvatra dezakAlAvinAbhUta itarasya ligam / -praza0 bhA0 pR0 102, 103 /

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142 : jaina takazAlameM bhanumAna-vicAra apitu samasta deza aura samasta kAlAnuyAyI batalAte haiM / udAharaNArtha 'jahAM dhUma hotA hai vahAM agni hotI hai aura jahAM agni nahIM hotI vahAM dhUma bhI nahIM hotaa|' isa anvaya-vyatireka pradarzaka udAharaNase prazastapAdakA abhiprAya vyAptiko sarvopasaMhAravatI batalAnekA spaSTa jJAta hotA hai / anvayakA artha darzana aura vyatirekakA artha adarzana hai| ina darzana-adarzanase vyApti-nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai / prazastapAdabhASyake TIkAkAra udayanakA mata hai ki sAdhana aura sAdhya donoM sambandhI haiM aura donoM mahAnasAdimeM pratyakSase avagata haiM, ataH unakI vyApti ( avinAbhAva sambandha ) bAhyendriyajanya-savikalpakapratyakSagrAhya hI hai / saMjJA aura smaraNa usake prakArAntara bhI sambhava haiN| TippaNakArane bhUyodarzanasahakRta anvaya-vyatarekako vyAptigrahopAya bhUcita kiyA hai| (6) nyAya vyAptigraha : nyAyAdarzanameM vyAptigrahaNapara kucha adhika vistRta vicAra milatA hai / gautamane anumAnakA kAraNa pratyakSa batalAyA hai / vAtsyAyana" unake pratyakSapadase liMgaliMgIke sambandhadarzana tathA liMgadarzanakA grahaNa karate haiN| sAtha hI sambaddha liMga-liMgIke darzanase unheM liMgasmRti abhISTa hai aura isa taraha vAtsyAyana smRti aura liMgadarzana pUrvaka apratyakSa arthakA anumAna mAnate haiN| 'sambandhadarzana' padase unheM 'vyAptidarzana' vivakSita jAna par3atA hai / yadi aisA ho to kahA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne vyAptikA jJAna pratyakSase svIkAra kiyA hai| udyotakarane vAtsyAyanakA ho samarthana kiyA hai| unakA vaiziSTaya hai ki unhoMne liMgaliMgIsambandhadarzanako prathama pratyakSa, liMga 1. udayana, kiraNAva0 pR0 301 / 2. kiM punarvyAptigrahaNa pramANaM tasmAd vyAptiH pratyakSayossambandhinorbAhyendriyajanyasa___ vikalpakanAyava saMzAsmaraNasya cAtra prakArAntareNApi smbhvaat| -udayana, vahI, pRSTha 301, 302 / 3. vidhistviti / avinAbhAvagrahaNaprakArastvityarthaH / anena bhUyodarzanasahakRtAvanvayavyatirekAveva tadgrahApAya iti sUcitam / -duNDirAja zAstrI, praza0 mA0 Ti0 pRSTha 102 / 4. gautama akSapAda, nyAyasU0 1415 / 5. 'tatpUrvakam' ityanena liMgaliMginoH sambandhadarzanaM liMgadarzanaM cAbhisambadhyate / liMga liMginoH sambaddhayordarzanena liMgasmRtirabhisambandhyate / smRtyA liMgadarzanena caaprtyksso'rthaa'nubhiiyte| -vAtsyAyana, nyAyabhA0 11115, pRSTha 21 / 6. udyotara, nyAyavA0 11115, pRSTha 44 / / 7. liMgaliMgisambandhadarzanamASapratyakSaM liMgadarzanaM dvitIyam / tadidaM antimaM pratyakSaM pUrvAbhyAM pratyakSAbhyAM smRtyA cAnugRhyamANaM parAmarzarUpamanumAnaM bhavati / --udyotakara, nyAyavA0 1 / 1 / 5, pRSTha 44 /

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dhyAti-vimarza : 43 darzanako dvitIya pratyakSa, liMgadarzanake anantara hone vAlI smRti aura smRtike bAda hone vAle 'yaha dhUma hai' isa prakArake jJAnako tRtIya ( antima ) pratyakSa kaha kara unheM anumitikI sAmagrI batalAyA hai aura ukta donoM pratyakSoM tathA smRtise anugRhIta tRtIya liMgadarzanako, jise parAmarza kahA hai, anumAna pratipAdana kiyA hai| yadyapi udyotakarane' prasaMgataH katipaya anya anumAnaparibhASAoMkI samIkSA bhI prastuta kI hai| para vyAptigrahaNapara koI vizeSa prakAza nahIM DAlA / vAcaspati mizrane avazya vyAptigrahopAyapara cintana kiyA hai / sAtha hI tadutpatti aura tAdAtmyase vyAptikI sthApanA karane vAle baudoMkI mImAMsA bhI kI hai| sAdhya-sAdhanake svAbhAvika sambandhapara bala dete hue unhoMne pratipAdana kiyA hai ki jahA~ koI upAdhi upalabdha nahIM hotI vahAM svAbhAvika sambandha hotA hai / prazna hai ki isa svAbhAvika sambandhakA grahaNa hotA kaise hai ? vAcaspatikA mata hai ki jahAM sambandhI (sAdhana-sAdhya ) pratyakSa haiM vahAM unake sambandhakA grahaNa pratyakSase hotA hai aura jahAM sambandhI ( sAdhana-sAdhya ) pratyakSAtirikta pramANoMse vidita hai vahAM unake svAbhAvika sambandhakA nirNaya bhUyodarzana sahakRta anya pramANoMse sampanna hotA hai| una anya pramANoMmeM mukhya tarka hai / vaha tarka isa prakAra hai-'jo hetu svabhAvataH apane sAdhyake sAtha pratibaddha haiM ve yadi sAdhyake vinA ho jAeM to ve svabhAvase hI cyuta ho jAeMge' isa prakArake tarkako sahAyatAse jinake sAdhyAbhAvameM rahanekA sandeha nirasta ho jAtA hai ve hetu apane sAdhyake upasthApaka (gamaka ) 5. ( ka ) aparaM tu buvate nAntarIyakAryadarzana tadviA'namAnAmati / (kha ) etena tAhagAMvanAbhAvidhamopadarzanaM heturiti pratyuktaM / ( ga ) apare tu manyante-anumeye'tha tattalye sadbhAvA nAstitA'satItyanamAnam / / -udyAtakara nyAyavA0 16105, pRSTha 54, 55 / 2. api ca rasAdanya drUpaM rasasamAnakAlamanumimate'numAtAraH, na cAyanayorasti kArya kAraNabhAvaH tAdAtmyaM vA / 'api cAdyatanasya saviturudayastha zastanena saviturudayena candrodayasya ca samAnakAlasya samudravRDyA, madhya nakSavadRSTyA cASTamAstamayAdayasya na kAryakAraNabhAvastAdAtmyaM vA, atha ca dRSTI gamyagamakabhAvaH / -nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 115, pRSTha 161, 162 / tathA udayana, nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 parizu0 115, pR0 667-669 / 3. vahI, pR0 165 / 4. kena punaH pramANena svAbhAvikaH sambandhI gRhyata / pratyakSasambandhiSu pratyakSeNa / evaM mAnA ntara viditasambandhipu mAnAntarANyeva yathAsvaM bhUyodarzanasahAyAni svAbhAvikasambandhagrahaNe pramANAnyunnetavyAni / svabhAvatazca pratibaddhA hetavaH strasAdhyena yadi sAdhyamantareNa bhaveyuH, svabhAvAdeva pracyaveranniAMta tarkasahAyA nirastasAdhya vyatirekavRttisandehA yatra dRSTAstatra svasAdhyamupasthApayantyeva / -vahI, pRSTha 166, 167 /

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144 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna- vicAra avazya hote haiM / tAtparya yaha ki pratyakSasambandhisthalameM bhUyodarzanajanya saMskArase yukta indriya hI dhUmAdikA agnyAdike sAtha svAbhAvika sambandha grahaNa kara letI hai / para pramANAntaragamya sambandhiyoMke svAbhAvika sambandhakA nizcaya bhUyodarzanasahakRta tarka dvArA hotA hai / ullekhya hai ki vAcaspati bhUyodarzanakI sUkSma vizeSatAoMko vyakta karaneke lie uttamajAtike maNikA udAharaNa dete hue kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra uttama jAtikA maNi apanI vibhinna vizeSatAoMke kAraNa vividha vyavahAroMkA prayojaka evaM dhArayitAke bhinna-bhinna phalavizeSoMkA sampAdaka anumita hotA hai aura usakI una sUkSma vizeSatAoMkA nirNaya jauharI kara lete haiM usIprakAra bhUyodarzanoMkI sUkSma vizeSatAeM bhI parIkSaka anumAtAoM dvArA vidita ho jAtI haiM / sarvaprathama bhUyodarzana kAkatAlIyanyAyakA nirAsa karatA hai| isake anantara dhUmagata sAtatya - urddhavagatyAdikA vizeSa jJAna karatA hai aura usake pazcAt upAdhizaMkAko dUra karatA hai / vArasaMkhyAkA usameM niyama nahIM hai / yaha pratipattAoMpara nirbhara hai ki unheM kitane bhUyodarzana apekSita haiN| kyoMki ve komala, madhya aura tIvra buddhike bhedase aneka prakAra ke hote haiM / ataH bhUyodarzanakI saMkhyA kama-bar3ha bhI ho sakatI hai / tAtparyaparizuddhi meM udayanane vAcaspatike isa AzayakA vaizadyena udghATana kiyA hai / smaraNa rahe vAcaspatiko svAbhAvika sambandhase vyApti abhipreta hai, jise udayanane spaSTa kiyA hai / varddhamAnopAdhyAya bhRyodarzanakI mImAMsA karate hue apane pitA ( gaMgeza upAdhyAya ) ke matAnusAra vyabhicArajJAna-virahasahakRta sahacAradarzanako vyAptigrAhaka pratipAdana kiyA tathA sattarkase vyAptipramA aura tarkAbhAsa se vyApti-apramAkA varNana kiyA hai|" unhoMne ' tarkapara vizeSa bala dete hue yahAM taka kahA hai ki jo 1-2 tasmAdabhijAtarmANabhedatattvavad bhUyodarzanajanitasaMskArasahita mindriyameva dhUmAdonAM vayAdibhiH svAbhAvikasambandhagrAhoti yuktamutpazyAmaH / -- nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 1/1/5 pRSTha 167 / 3. yathA maNiyaiya vizeSaistattadvavyavahAraviSayo bhavati dhArayituzca tattatphalabhedasampAdakazvonnIyate te te sUkSmA vizeSAH parIkSakaimannoyante bhUyodarzanaistathAtrApIti / tathA hi prathamatastAvadbhUyodarzanaM kAkatAlIyanyAyavyudAsAya / tata: mRdumadhyAtimAtrabuddhibhedena pusa vicitrazAktitvAt / - udayana, nyAyavA0 tA0 pari0 1 / 1 / 5, pRSTha 701,702 / 4. vahI, varddhamAna upAdhyAya, nyAyanibandhama0 TI0 pRSTha 666-702 / 5. tathA ca satarkAt vyAptipramA, tadabhAvAdaprameti na kAcit kSatiH / - vahI, 111/5, pRSTha 701 / 6. yeSAMca tarka' vinaiva sahacAradarzanAdeva vyAptigrahaH teSAM pakSetaratvamupAdhiH syAdi - tyuktam / vahI, pRSTha 701 /

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dhyAti-vimarza : 145 tarkake binA mAtra sahacAradarzanase ho vyAptigraha mAnate haiM unake anumAnoMmeM 'pakSetaratva' upAdhi hotI hai| jahAM vyabhicArajJAnavirahasahakRta sahacAra darzana nahIM hai vahAM zabda aura anumAnase vyAptigraha honekA bhI unhoMne ullekha kiyA hai|' varddhamAna upAdhyAyake jisa pratipAdanakA Upara ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaha gaMgezane tattvacintAmaNimeM vistArapUrvaka diyA hai / unhoMne mImAMsAkAdidvArA abhimata bhUyodarzanAdi vyAptigrahopAyoMkI samIkSA karate hue bhUyodarzanako zAyaka aura tarkako anavasthAgrasta nirUpita kiyA hai aura uttarapakSa ke rUpameM vyabhicArajJAnavirahasahakRta sahacAradarzanako vyAptigrAhaka batalAyA hai| unakA mata hai ki vyabhicAranizcaya aura vyabhicArazaMkA donoMkA abhAva kahoM to vipakSabAdhaka tarkase aura kahIM svayaM hI siddha hotA hai| jaba taka vyabhicArako AzaMkA rahatI hai taba taka taka apekSita hotA hai| ataH tarkako kisI sImA taka vyAptigrAhaka mAnanepara anavasthAkA prasaMga nahIM AtA / isI prakAra jahAM virodhI pramANake pradarzanase zaMkA ho avatarita nahIM hotI, vahAM taka ke binA ho vyAptigraha ho jAtA hai| vizvanAtha, kezava', annambhaTTa, prabhRti naiyAyikoMne prAyaH gaMgezakA ho anusaraNa kiyA hai| saMkSepameM nyAyadarzanameM vyAptigrahake nimna sAdhana vaNita hai (1) bhUyaH sahacAradarzana (2) vyabhicArajJAnaviraha 1. iyaM ca pratyakSavyAptigrahasAmagrI tadamAve'pi zabdAnumAnAmyAM vyAptigrahAditi saMkSepaH / -vahI, pRSTha 702 / / 2. atrAcyate / vyabhicAruvira hasahakRtaM sahacAradarzanaM vyAptigrAhakam / zAnaM nizcayaH zaMkA ca / sA ca kvacidupApisandehAt kvaciAdazavAdazanasAhatasAdhAraNadhamadarzanAt / tadi. rahazca kvacidvipakSabAdhakatakot, kvacit svataH siddha eva / takasya vyAptigrahamUlakatvanAnavastheti cet / na / yAvadAzaMka tarkAnusaraNAt / yatra ca vyAghAtena zaMkaiva nAvatarati tatra tarka vinaiva vyAptigrahaH / -ta. ci0, jAgadozI, vyAptigrahopAya, pR0 378 / 3. vyabhicArasyAgraho'pi sahacAragrahastathA / heturvyAptigrahe, tarkaH kvacicchaMkAnivartakaH / -si0 mu0 kA0 137, pRSTha 121, 122 / 4. "iti tarkasahakAriNA'nupalambhasanAthena prtykssenneyopaadhymaavo'vdhaaryte| tathA ca upAdhyabhAvagrahaNajanitasaMskArasahakRtena sAhacaryagrAhiNA pratyakSeNaiva dhmaagnyoaaptirvdhaaryte| -tarkabhA0 anu0 pRSTha 76 / 5. svayameva yodarzanena yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatrAgniriti mahAnasAdau vyAptiM gRhItvA parvatasamIpaM gtH| -ta0 saM0 pRSTha 58 /

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146 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna - vicAra ( 3 ) tarka ( vipakSabAdhaka athavA vyabhicArazaMkAnivarttaka pramANapradarzana ) ( 4 ) anupalambha ( vyatireka ) (5) bhUyodarzanajanita saMskAra ( 6 ) sAmAnyalakSaNA ( 7 ) zabda aura anumAna inameM prathama ke do sAdhana pratyakSa sambandhI sthaloMmeM aura zeSa anyatra vyasta yA samasta rUpameM yathAyogya apekSita haiM / vyAptigrahake uparyukta vivecanase hama isa niSkarSa evaM tathya para pahu~cate haiM ki niHsandeha sArvatrika aura sArvadika vyAptike grahaNakI eka samasyA rahI hai aura sambhavataH isIse cArvAka, jayarAzibhaTTa, zrIharSa Adine anumAnakA prAmANya svIkAra nahIM kiyA / para yaha samasyA aisI nahIM hai, jisakA samAdhAna na ho / hama Upara dekha cuke haiM ki sabhI anumAna pramANavAdI dArzanikoMne use sulajhAnekA prayAsa kiyA hai | prazastapAdane 2 anvaya aura vyatireka dvArA tathA dharmakItine tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti dvArA vyAptigrahaNa pratipAdana kiyA hai / anya sabhI dArzanikoMne bhUyo - darzana yA sahacAradarzanarUpa pratyakSako vyAptigrAhaka batalAyA haiM / sAMkhyadarzana meM vijJAnabhikSu' aura nyAyadarzana meM vAcaspati" ye do aise tArkika haiM jinhoMne tarkako bhI vyAptigrahaNa kI sAmagrI meM sahAyakarUpameM niviSTa kiyA hai| unake bAda udayanane usakA vizeSa samarthana kiyA hai / varddhamAnopAdhyAya to tarkapara adhika bala dete hue yahAM taka kahate haiM ki jo tarkake binA hI mAtra sahacAradarzanase vyAptigraha mAnate haiM unake anumAnoM meM 'pakSetaratva' upAdhikA honA anivArya hai, jisakA nivAraNa tarka ke binA sambhava nahIM haiM / pichale sabhI tArkikoMne vyAptigrahako sAmagrImeM tarkako vizeSa sthAna de kara use Avazyaka rUpameM mAna liyA hai / (ca) jaina vicArakoM kA mata : jaina vicArakoMne Arambhase hI tarkako vyAptikA nizcAyaka pratipAdana kiyA hai / jainAgamoMmeM anumAnako avyavahita pUrvavartI sAmagrI ke rUpameM 'cintA' zabdase 1. prabhAcandra, prameyaka0 bhA0 2 / 1, pRSTha 177 / 2. praza0 bhA0 pR0 102 / 3. pramANavA0 1130 / 4. sAMkhyada0 pra0 bhA0 5 / 29 / 5. nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 1 / 15, pRSTha 166, 167 / 6. kiraNA0 pRSTha 301 / 7. nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 parizu0 nyAyanina0 pra0 19 / 15, pRSTha 701 / 8. SaTkha0 55/41 tathA ta0 sU0 1 / 13 / *

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gyAti-vimarza : 14. usakA nirdeza milatA hai| cintana, Uha, UhApoha aura tarka usIke paryAya haiN| akalaMkane cintana aura tarkako, vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi', prabhAcandra, devasUri", aura hemacandrane tarka, Uha tathA UhApohako cintAkA paryAya pratipAdana kiyA hai / bhAratIya tAkikoMmeM jaina tArkika akalaMka hI aise prathama tArkika pratIta hote haiM jinhoMne takakA vyAptigrAhakarUpameM sarvaprathama samarthana kiyA aura usakA sabalatAke sAtha prAmANya sthApita kiyA hai| yadyapi gautama akSapAdane tarkako solaha padArtho meM parigaNita kiyA hai, para unhoMne use mAtra tattvajJAnArtha mAnA hai aura unake vyAkhyAkAra vAtsyAyana tathA udyotakaranedeg use jijJAsAtkaka, pramANasahAyaka, pramANAnugrAhaka yA saMzaya aura nirNayakA madhyavartI batalAyA hai, use vyAptigrAhaka nahIM kahA / kintu akalaMkake bAda vAcaspati, udayana, varddhamAna Adi prAcIna tathA navya naiyAyikoM aura vijJAnabhikSu Adi dArzanikoMne use bhI vyAptigrAhakasAmagromeM sthAna diyA tathA vyAptigrAhakarUpameM dRr3hatAse mAna liyA hai| para use pramANa svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| akalaMkane tarkake prAmANya, svarUpa, viSaya aura kSetravistArakA bhI nirdhAraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne use pramANa siddha karate hue yuktipUrvaka kahA ki use pramANa na mAnane para usase utpanna hone vAle laiMgika ( anumAna ) kA prAmANya bhI asandigdha evaM nirApada nahIM raha skegaa| dUsare, pratyakSa aura anumAnakI taraha vaha bhI saMvAdI hai , ataH use avazya pramANa mAnanA caahie| tarkakA svarUpa batalAte hue unhoMne52 1. "cintanaM cintaa|' -tattvA0 vA0 1 / 13, pRSTha 58 / cintAyAH takasya / ' -laghI0 khApa0 vR0 1 / 2 / 10, pR. 5 / 2. ta0 lo0 113, pR0 188, 194, 166 / 3. 50 mu0 10.1, 16 / 4. pra. ka. mA0 1 / 11, 16 / 5. pra0 na0 ta0 317 / 6. pra0 mI0 125, 11 / 7. nyA. vi. kA0 329, 330 / laghIya kA0 10, 11, 49 / pra0 saM0 kA0 12 / 8. nyAyasU0 111140 / 6. nyA0 bhA0 1.1.1 // pRSTha 9, 111140, pR0 54, 55, 56 / 10. nyA0 vA0 111140, pR0 141.142 / 11. nyA0 vini0 kA0 330, 331, tathA laghI0 kA0 49 aura pra0 saM0 stro0 vR0 kA0 12 / 12. sambhavapratyayastakaH pratyakSAnupalambhataH / anyathAsambhavAsiddharanavasthAnumAnataH // -pramANa saM0 kA0 12, akalaMkagra0 pR0 100 /

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148 : jaima tarkazAstrameM anumAna - vizvAra pratipAdana kiyA ki pratyakSa aura anupalambha pUrvaka jo 'usake binA vaha sambhava nahIM' isa prakArakA sambhava pratyaya ( jJAna ) hotA hai vaha tarka hai| yahAM 'pratyakSa' se unheM upalambha ( anvayajJAna ) artha abhipreta hai tathA upalambhase pratyakSa aura anumAnAdi pramANa vivakSita haiM, kyoMki pratyakSagamya sAdhya-sAdhanoMkI taraha anumeyAdi sAdhya sAdhanoM meM bhI vyApti hotI hai| sUrya meM gatizakti gatimatvahetuse aura gati - matva dezAddezAntaraprApti hetuse anumita hotA hai / akalaMkake pratyakSa aura anupalambha zabda yadyapi prazastapAdake anvaya aura vyatirekake smAraka haiM / para unameM antara hai / akalaMkake pratyakSa aura anupalambha zabda jJAna-paraka haiM aura prazastapAdake anvaya aura vyatireka jJeyasUcaka / yataH jaina darzanameM jJAnako hI jJAnakA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai, jJeyako nahIM / ataH anumAnakA utpAdaka tarka aura tarkake utpAdaka pratyakSa aura anupalambha jJAnAtmaka haiN| tathya yaha ki vyApti avinAbhAva ( arthAt sAdhya ke abhAva me sAdhanakA na honA aura sAdhyake sadbhAvameM ho sAdhanakA honA ) rUpa hai aura use tarka hI grahaNa kara sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha sarvopasaMhAravatI ( arthAt jitanA dhUma hai vaha anya kAloM aura anya dezoMmeM agnikA hI kArya hai, anagnikA nahIM, isa prakAra sarvadeza aura sarvakAla vartinI ) hotI hai / usakA jJAna pratyakSa dvArA sambhava nahIM haiM?, kAraNaki pratyakSa sannihita aura vartamAnako hI jAnatA hai, asannihita evaM avartamAna ( atIta anAgata ) ko nahIM / anumAna dvArA bhI vyApti grahaNa asambhava haiM, kyoMki vyAptijJAna hue binA anumAnakI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / anya anumAnase vyAptigrahaNa mAnane para anavasthA AtI hai / AgamAdi pramANakA viSaya bhinna honese unake dvArA bhI vyAptinizcaya azakya hai / ataH vyAptijJAnake lie parokSAtmaka tarkako pRthak pramANa svIkAra karanA anivArya hai / 1. satyapyanvayavijJAne sa tarkapariniSThitaH / avinAbhAvasambandhaH sAkalyenAvadhAryate // sahadRSTaizca dharmaistanna vinA tasya sambhavaH / iti tarkamapekSeta niyamenaiva laiMgikam // tasmAd vastubalAdeva prmaannN...| - nyAyavini0 kA0 326 331, a0 pra0 pRSTha 74 / 2. avikalpadhiyA ligaM na kiMcitsampratIyate / nAnumAnAdasiddhatvAt pramANAntara mAMjasam // na hi pratyakSaM 'yAvAn kazciddhamaH kAlAntare dezAntare ca pAvakasyaiva kAryaM nArthAntarasya ' itIyato vyApArAn karttuM samartha sannihitaviSayabalotpatteravicArakatvAt / nApyanumAnAntaram, sarvatrAvizeSAt / na hi sAkalyena liMgasya liginA vyApterasiddhau kvacit kiMcidanumAnaM nAma | - laghIya0 svo0 vR0 kA0 11, 12, a0 pra0 pRSTha 5 / 3 vyAptiM sAdhyena hetoH sphuTayati na vinA cintayaikatra dRSTiH, sAkalyenaiSa tarko'nadhigata viSayaH tatkRtArthaikadeze / laSIya0 kA0 46, a0 pra0 /

Page #176
vyApti-vimarza : 149 akalaGkake isa vivecanase spaSTa hai ki pratyakSa aura anupalambhapUrvaka sarvadeza aura sarvakAla upasaMhArarUpa avinAbhAva ( vyApti ) kA nizcaya karanevAlA jJAna tarka hai aura vaha pramANa hai / isameM pratyakSa', smaraNa aura sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna paramparA sahAyaka haiM / tarkakA kSetra vyApaka aura vizAla hai / pratyakSa jahAM sannihitako anumAna niyata deza - kAla meM vidyamAna anumeyako, upamAna sAdRzyako aura Agama zabdasaMketAdipara nirbharitako jAnate haiM vahAM tarka sannihita asannihita, niyata-aniyata dezakAlameM vidyamAna sAdhya - sAdhanagata avinAbhAvako viSaya karatA hai / tAtparya yaha ki tarka kevala pratyakSa viSayabhUta sAdhya-sAdhanoM ke avinAbhAvako hI nahIM, apitu anumeya evaM Agamagabhya sAdhya-sAdhanoMka bhI avinAbhAvako upalambha aura anupalambhake AdhArame avagata karatA hai / 3 paravartI vidyAnanda, mANikyananda, prabhAcandra, devasUri, hemacandra, dharmabhUSaNa prabhRti sabhI jaina tArkikoMne akalaMkadevakA anasaraNa karate hue tarka dvArA hI vyAptigrahakA kathana kiyA hai / vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki pratipattA sAdhya aura sAdhanoMke vyApti sambandhakA jisa pratyaya ( jJAna ) dvArA nizcaya karake anumAnake lie pravRtta hotA hai vaha tarka hai tathA vyAptisambandhamaM saMvAdI honese vaha pramANa haiM / yadi vaha saMvAdI na hotA tadutpanna anumAna bhI saMvAdI nahIM ho sakatA / yataH anumAna saMvAdI hai ataH vyApti-sambandhagrAhI tarka bhI avazya saMvAdI hai / yadi usake samvAdameM sandeha kiyA jAe to anumAtAko niHzaMka anumiti nahIM ho sktii| agara kahA 1. samakSatrikalpAnusmaraNaparAmarzasambandhAbhinibodhastakaH pramANam / --pramANasa0] [strI0 vR0 kA0 12, a0 pra0 pRSTha 100 / 2. tenAtIndriyasAdhyasAdhanayorAgamAnumAnanizcayAnizcayahetuka sambandhabAdhasyApi saMgrahAnnAvyAptiH / yathA 'astyasya prANino dharmavizeSo viziSTasukhAdisadbhAvAnyathAnupapatteH', ityAdI, 'Adityasya gamanazaktisambandho'sti gatimatvAnyathAnupapatteH' ityAdau ca / na khalu dharmavizeSaH pravacanAdanyataH pratipattuM zakyaH, nApyato'numAnAdanyataH kutazcitpramANAdAdityasya iti / ... - prabhAcandra, prameyaka0 bhA0 3 / 11, pR0 348 / 3. yena hi pratyayena pratipattA sAdhyasAdhanArthAnAM vyAptyA sambandhaM nizcityAnumAnAya pravarttate sa tarkaH sambandhe saMvAdAtpramANamiti manyAmahe / na hi tarkasyAnumAnanibandhane sambandhe saMvAdAbhAve'numAnasya saMvAdaH sambhavI / " tarka saMvAdasandehe niHzaMkAnumitiH kva te / ... gRhItagraNAta pramANamiti cenna vai / ... pratyakSAnupalambhAbhyAM sambandho dezato gataH / sAdhyasAdhanayostarkAtsAmastyeneti cintitam // pramANamUha pramANaM tarka sAdhyasA - dhanasambandhAjJAnanivRttirUpe sAkSAt svArthanizcAyane phale sAdhakatamastarkaH / - vidyAnanda, tattvArthazlo0 1 / 13 / 84 - 119 /

Page #177
.150 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra jAe ki gRhItagrAhI honese vaha pramANa nahIM hai to yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki vizeSa paricchitti karane ke kAraNa vaha apUrvArthagrAhI hai / spaSTa hai ki pratyakSa aura anupalambha dvArA sAdhya aura sAdhanakA sambandha ekadezase hI jAnA jAtA hai aura tarkase vaha sAmastyena avagata kiyA jAtA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki samAropa-vyavacchedaka honese bhI tarka pramANa hai| ataH sAdhya aura sAdhanake sambandha ( avinAbhAva ) viSayaka ajJAnako dUra karane rUpa phalameM sAdhakatama honese tarka pramANa hai| mANikyanandine' akalaMka aura vidyAnandakA samarthana karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki vyAptikA nizcaya takase hotA hai jo upalambha tathA anupalambhapUrvaka hotA hai| usakA unhoMne udAharaNa diyA hai-jaise analake honepara hI dhUmakA honA aura analAbhAvameM dhUmakA na honaa| inakI vizeSatA hai ki inhone usa vyAptisambandha- avinAbhAvako sahabhAva aura kramabhAva niyamarUpa batalAyA hai / sahacAriyoM ( rUparasAdikoM ) aura vyApya-vyApakoM (ziMzapAtva-vRkSatvAdikoM )meM sahabhAvaniyama hotA hai tathA pUrvacara-uttaracaroM aura kAryakAraNoMmeM kramabhAvaniyama / pratIta hotA hai ki mANikyanandine dharmakIrti dvArA vyAptisthApakarUpameM pratipAdita tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti sambandhoMke sthAnameM sahabhAva aura kramabhAvaniyamakI sthApanA karake unake ukta sambandhoMko avyApta batalAyA hai| prakaTa hai ki rUparasAdi sahacaroM aura zakadodaya-kRttikodayAdi pUrvottaracaroMmeM na tAdAtmya sambhava hai aura na tadutpatti / para unameM avinAbhAva honese gamyagamakabhAva mAnA gayA hai| prabhAcandrane bhI apanI vyAkhyA dvArA unake pratipAdanako sampuSTi kI hai| devasUrine vyAptisambandhako trikAlavartI batalAte hue kahA hai ki usakA grahaNa sannihitagrAhI pratyakSase aura niyatadezagrAhaka anumAnase sambhava nahIM hai / usakA jJAna ekamAtra tarka ( Uha se hI ho sakatA hai / unakA udAharaNa mANikyanandike hI samAna hai| 1. 50 mu0 3 / 19, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18 / 2. sahakramabhAvaniyamo'vinAbhAvaH / sahacAriNoApyavyApakayozca sahabhAvaH / pUrvottara cAriNo: kAryakAraNayozca kamabhAvaH / -50 mu0 3 / 16, 17, 18 / 3. prameyaka0 mA0 3319, 11, 12, 13 / 4. upalambhAnupalambhasambhavaM trikAlokalitasAdhyasAdhanasambandhAdyAlambanamidamasminsatyeva bhavatItyAkAraM savedanamUhAparanAmA tarka iti / "yathA yAvAnkazciddhamaH sa soM vahnau satyeva bhvtiiti| -pra0 na0 ta0 37, 8 tathA isako TIkA syAdA0ra0 pR0 504-515 /

Page #178
vyApti-vimarza : 151 anantavIryane' pratyakSa aura anumAnakI taraha Agama, upamAna, arthApatti, abhAva anupalambha, kAraNAnupalambha, vyApakAnupalambha aura pratyakSaphala UhApohavikalpase vyAptigrahakI sambhAvanAoM ko bhI nirasta karake tarkako hI vyAptigrAhaka siddha kiyA hai| unakA mantavya hai ki Agama saMketadvArA vastuko upamAna sAdRzyako, arthApatti anyathAnupapadyamAna arthako aura abhAva abhAvako viSaya karatA hai / inameM sArvatrika aura sArvadika vyAptiko koI grahaNa nahIM karatA / savakA viSaya sarvathA bhinna-bhinna hai / anupalambha upalambhakI taraha pratyakSakA viSaya athavA svayaM pratyakSa hai aura kAraNAnupalambha tathA vyApakAnupalambha donoM liMgarUpa honese tajjanita jJAna anumAna haiM aura pratyakSa evaM anumAna vyAptigraha meM asamartha haiM / UhApohavikalpako, jise vaizeSika pratyakSakA phala mAnate haiM, pratyakSa yA anumAnake antargata mAnanepara unake dvArA vyAptigraha asambhava hai / ataH use pratyakSa aura anumAnase pRthaka pramANa mAnanA hI ucita hai / pratyakSakA phala honese use apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaizeSikoMne svayaM vizeSaNajJAnako sannikarSakA phala honepara bhI vizeSyajJAnarUpa phalako utpanna karaneke kAraNa pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai / usI taraha UhApohavikalpa, jo tarka se bhinna nahIM hai, anumAnajJAnakA kAraNa honese pramANa mAnA jAnA cAhie / hemacandrakAra UhalakSaNa aura usakA vyAptinizcAyakatva pratipAdana mANikyanandike pratipAdana zabdazaH milatA hai / hA~, unhoMne mANikyanandi aura devasUrikI taraha udAharaNakA pradarzana nahIM kiyA, kintu bauddha tArkika dharmakIrti" abhihita evaM arcaMTa dvArA samarthita vyApti-lakSaNa avazya saMgRhIMta kiyA hai / ve likhate haiN| ki vyApti, vyApya aura vyApaka donoMkA dharma hai / jaba vyApaka ( gamya ) kA dharma vyAptivivakSita ho taba vyApakakA vyApyake honepara honA hI vyApti hai aura jaba vyApya ( gamaka ) kA dharma vyApti abhipreta ho taba vyApyakA vyApaka ke honepara hI honA vyApti hai / isa prakAra hemacandrane" vyApti ke do rUpa pradarzita kiye haiM / prathama rUpameM ayogavyavacchedarUpase vyAptiko pratIti hotI hai aura dUsaremeM anyayogavyavacchedarUpase / vyAptike ina rUpoMko anya jaina tArkikoMne prastuta nahIM kiyA / 1. pra0 ratna0 2 2, pRSTha 57-62 / 2. hemacandra, pramANamI0 1 2 5, 6, 10 / 3, 4. hetubinduTI0 pR0 17, 18 / 5. vyAptirvyApakasya vyApyaM sati bhAva eva vyApyasya vA tatraiva bhAvaH / pUrvatrAyogavyavacchedenAvadhAraNam, uttaratrAnyayogavyavacchedeneti ''' / - hemacandra, pra0 mI0 1|2| 6 tathA isIkI vyAkhyA /

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152 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavokA' mata hai ki dharmakIrti aura arcaTase prabhAvita hokara hI hemacandrane yaha nirUpaNa apanAyA hai| dharmabhUSaNane bhI vyAptikA prakAzaka tarkako hI mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki vyApti sarvopasaMhAravatI hotI hai / arthAt 'jahAM jahAM dhUma hotA hai vahAM vahAM agni hotI hai' isa udAharaNameM dhUmake hone para anekabAra agnikI upalabdhi aura agnike abhAvameM dhUmakI anupalabdhi pAyI jAnepara 'saba jagaha aura saba kAlameM dhuAM agnikA vyabhicArI nahIM hai-agnike honepara hI hotA hai aura agnike abhAva meM nahIM hotA' isa prakArake sarvadeza ora sarvakAla vyApI vyApArakA nAma vyApti hai / usakA grahaNa pratyakSAdise sambhava nahIM hai| indriyapratyakSa niyata aura vartamAna grAhI hai| vaha itane lambe vyApArako nahIM kara sktaa| mAnasapratyakSa yadyapi use grahaNa kara sakatA hai kintu vaha jJAna vizadajJAna hai aura uparyukta sarvopasaMhArI vyAptijJAna avizada hai / ataH use mAnasa pratyakSa bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| anumAna dvArA bhI vyApti grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki anumAnakI utpatti svayaM vyAptijJAnake adhIna hai| ataH smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna aura anekoM bArakA huA pratyakSa ye tInoM milakara eka aise jJAnako utpanna karate haiM jo vyAptike grahaNa karane meM samartha hai aura vaha tarka hai| yogipratyakSa dvArA vyAptigrahaNakI bAta isalie nirarthaka hai, kyoMki yogI to pratyakSase hI samasta sAdhya-sAdhanoMko jAna letA hai, ataH use na vyAptigrahaNakI AvazyakatA hai aura na anumAnakI hI / vyAptigrahaNa aura anumAnakI AvazyakatA alpajJoMke lie hai / ataeva alpajJoMko vyAptikA avizada kintu aghisaMvAdo jJAna karAnevAlA tarkapramANa hI hai| sAmAnyalakSaNA pratyAsattise agnitvena samasta agniyoM aura dhUmatvena sakala dhUmoMkA jJAna ho sakatA hai, para unake vyAptisambandhakA jJAna usase sambhava nahIM 1. paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, pra0 mI0 bhASATi0 pRSTha 79 / 2. vyAptizAnaM tkH| sa ca takastAM vyAptiM sakaladezakAlopasaMhAreNa viSayIkaroti... yatra yatra dhUmaktvaM tatra tatrAgnimatvamiti sopasaMhAravatI hi vyAptiH / 'pratyakSasya sannihitadeza eva dhUmAgnisambandhaprakAzanAnna vyAptiprakAzakatvam / "anumAnAdikaM tu vyAptigrahaNaM pratyasaMbhAvyameva / --nyA0 dI0 pR0 62-64 / 3. ( ka ) ta0 zlo0 1 / 10 / 156, pRSTha 179 / (kha) prameyaka0 mA0 3613, pR0 351 / (ga) jainadarzana, pRSTha 307 / 4. si. mu. pratyakSakhaNDa pRSTha 49, tathA ukta jaina darzana pRSTha 307, di0 saMskaraNa /

Page #180
myAti-vimarza : 156 hai / ataH sAdhya-sAdhanavyaktiyoMkA jJAna sAmAnyalakSaNA dvArA ho jAnepara bhI 'dhUma vahnivyApya hai, dezAntara-kAlAntarameM vahnike binA nahIM hotA' isa prakArakA jJAna cintA athavA tarka yA Uha dvArA hI sambhava hai aura vaha saMvAdI honese pramANa hai| pramANake viSayakA parizodhaka yA pramANAnugrAhaka mAnanepara' bhI use pramANa avazya mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki apramANase na to pramANaviSayakA parizodhana hI ho sakatA hai aura na pramANoMkA anugraha / anyathA saMzayAdise bhI vaha ho jAnA caahie| niSkarSa anumAnapramANake lie Avazyaka sAdhya-sAdhanoMke avinAbhAva (vyApti )kA nizcaya jaina tArkika jisa tarka dvArA svIkAra karate haiM vaha bhAratIya vAGmaya meM aparicita nahIM hai| RgvedameM Uha dhAtuse usakA ullekha hai| pANini vyAkaraNasUtra meM bhI Uha dhAtuse usakA nirdeza hai / svayaM tarka zabda kaThopaniSad aura rAmAyaNake" atirikta jainAgamoM, piTakoM aura darzanasUtroM meM upalabdha hai / jainAgamoMmeM usake lie 'cintA aura UhA 'zabda bhI Aye haiM, unakA sAmAnya artha eka hI hai aura vaha hai vicArAtmaka jJAnavyApAra / usI athavA kucha bhinna bhAvakA dyotaka Uha zabda jaiminIyasUtra aura usake zAbarabhASya AdimeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| 1. prameyaka0 mA0 3 / 13, pR0 352,353 / 2. Rgveda 20 / 13 / 10 / 3. 'upasargAddhasva uuhteH|' -pA0 sU0 7 / 4 / 23 / 4. 'naiSA takaMNa mtirpneyaa|' -kaTho0 2 / / 5. rAmAyaNa 3 / 25 / 12 / 6. 'takkA jattha na vijjA / -AcA0 sU0 170 / 7. 'vihiMsA vitarka / ' -majjhi0 savvAsavasU0 2 / 6 / 8. 'tarkApratiSThAnAt / ' -brahmama0 211111 / 9. 'saNNA sadI madI citA cedi / ' -paTTakha0 5 / 5 / 41 / IhA UhA apohA maggaNA gavasaNA mImAMsA / -vahI 5 / 5 / 38 / 10. trividhazca uuhH| -shaabrbhaa0haa| 20

Page #181
154 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra nyAyamUtrameM' tarkako eka svatantra padArtha ke rUpameM mAnA gayA hai aura usake lakSaNake sAtha Uha zabda bhI prayukta hai| parantu use nyAyasUtrakArane na pramANa mAnA hai aura na vyAptigrAhaka / vAcaspatine avazya use vyAptijJAnameM bAdhaka honevAlI vyabhicArazaMkAko haTAkara vyAptinirNayameM sahAyatA karanevAlA svIkAra kiyA hai, para use pramANa unhoMne bhI nahIM maanaa| bauddhatAkika' bhI tarkAtmaka vikalpajJAnako vyAptijJAnopayogI mAnate hue bhI use pramANa nahIM mAnate / isa taraha tarkako pramANarUpa mAnanekI mImAMsakaparamparA aura apramANarUpa svIkAra karaneko naiyAyika tathA bauddha paramparA hai| jaina paramparAmeM pramANarUpase mAne jAnevAle matijJAnake eka bhedakA nAma UhA hai, jo vastutaH guNa-doSavicAraNAtmaka jJAna-vyApAra hI hai| usake lie cintA, IhA, apohA, momAMsA, gaveSaNA, mArgaNA aura tarka ye zabda prayukta hue haiN| akalaMkane takako sarvaprathama vyAptigrAhaka pratipAdanakara usakA prAmANya evaM spaSTatayA sthApita kiyA hai| unake pazcAt vAcaspati Adi naiyAyikoM aura vijJAnabhikSu Adi dArzanikoMne use vyApti-grAhaka sAmagrI meM sthAna dekara bhI usakA prAmANya svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| akalaMkakA anusaraNa jaina paramparAke paravartI sabhI tAkikoMne kiyA hai / yoM to tattvArthasUtrakAra usakA parokSa pramANake antargata 'cintA' padake dvArA pratipAdana kara cuke the| para tAkikarUpameM usakI parokSa pramANoMmeM parigaNanA sarvaprathama akalaMkane ko hai / isa prakAra jahA~ anya tArkika vyAptikA grahaNa mAnasapratyakSa, bhUyodarzana, vyabhicArAgrahasahita sahacAradarzana, anvaya-vyatireka, sAmAnyalakSaNA aura tAdAtmya-tadutpatti sambandhoMse mAnate haiM vahA~ jaina tArkika ekamAtra tarkase svIkAra karate tathA saMvAdI honese use pramANa vaNita karate haiM / 1. nyA0 sU0 111 / 40 / 2. nyAyabA0 tA0 TI0 11115, pRSTha 166, 167 / 3. hetubi0 TI0 pR0 24 / 4. SaTkha0 5 / 5 / 38 / 5. vyAptiM sAdhyena hetoH sphuTayati na vinA cintayakatra dRSTiH, sAkalyenaiSa to'nadhigataviSayaH ttkRtaarthkdeshe| -laghIya0 kA0 49, a0 gra0 / tathA nyA0 vini0 kA0 326, 30 / 6. ta0 sU0 1113 / 7. ( ka ) 'parokSaM zeSavizAnaM / -laghIya0 kA0 3 / (kha ) 'parokSaM pratyabhizAdi / ' pa0 saM0 2, tathA laSIya0 kA0 10, 21, 61 /

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ti-vimarza : 155 ( cha ) vyApti-bheda : samavyApti-viSamavyApti : tarkagranthoMmeM vyAptike aneka prakArase bheda upalabdha hote haiM / kumArilake momAMsAzlokavAtikameM' sama aura viSamake bhedase vyAptike do bheda milate haiM / jaba vyApya vyApakake deza aura kAlakI apekSA sama deza-kAlavRtti hotA hai taba use samatyApta aura usameM rahanevAlo vyAptiko samavyApti kahA gayA hai aura jaba vaha vyApakake deza-kAlase nyUna deza-kAlavRtti hotA hai taba use viSamavyApta tathA usameM vidyamAna vyAptiko viSamavyApti pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / para dhyAna rahe, vyApaka vyApyake sama aura adhika deza-kAlavRtti hotA hai, vyApya nahIM; ataH vyApya to vyApakakA gamaka ho sakatA hai, para vyApaka vyApyakA nahIM / ataeva vyApyako hI gamaka aura vyApakako hI gamya mAnA gayA hai / vyAptike isa dvividha prakArakA ullekha kumArilake pararartI jayantabhaTTa, udayana" aura gaMgezane bhI kiyA hai| anvayavyApti-vyatirekavyApti : anvayavyApti aura vyatirekavyAptike bhedase bhI vyAptike do bheda pAye jAte haiN| ina bhedoMkA sarvaprathama saMketa prazastapAdane kiyA hai, jisakA spaSTIkaraNa evaM samarthana udayane kiyA hai / jayantabhaTTa, gaMgeza,", kezavamizra, vizvanAtha paMcA 1, 2, 3. yo yasya dezakAlAbhyAM samA nyUno'pi vA bhavet / sa vyApyA vyApakastasya samo vA'bhyadhiko'pi vA // vyApyasya gamakatvaM ca vyApakaM gamiSyate / tena vyApye gRhIte'theM vyApakastasya gRhyate / na dhanyathA bhavatyeSA vyApyavyApakatA tayoH // -mI0 zla! anumA0 pari0 zlo05, 4, 6 pRSTha 348 / 4. nyAyamaM0 pR0 140 / 5. nyAyavA0 tA0 pari0 1115, pRSTha 705 / 6. ta0 ci0 upAdhivAda pR0 316, 317, 316, 345 / 7. praza0 bhASya pRSTha 102 / 8. tadanenAnvayavyatirekI eva bhUyodarzanasahacAriNI tadgrahApAya iti dazitam / anvayavyatirekAbhyAM prathamadarzane eva vyAptiyate / -kiraNA0 pR0 265 / 6. vyAkhyAtaH pratibandhazca vyatirekAnvayAtmakaH / -nyAyamaM0 pR0 136 / 10. anvayavyAptyabhidhAyakAvayava .. vytirekvyaapsybhidhaaykpd...| -ta. ci0 pRSTha 735, 589-563 / 11. takabhA0 pR0 80,81 /

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156 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna vicAra nana' aura annambhaTa prabhRti naiyAyikoM dvArA yahI vyApti-dvaividhya adhika AdRta huA hai| bauddha dArzanika dharmakItti, arcaTa Adine bhI isI vyAptidvaividhyakA ullekha kiyA hai| sAdhya-sAdhanake bhAvAtmaka rUpako anvayavyApti aura unake abhAvAtmaka rUpako vyatirekavyApti kahA gayA hai| inhIMko sAdharmyavyApti aura vaidharmyavyApti nAmoMse bho vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai| jaina tArkikoMne " inheM kramaza: tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti saMjJAoMse pratipAdita kiyA hai / sAdhyake hone para hI sAdhanakA honA tathopapatti hai aura sAdhyake na honepara sAdhanakA na honA anyathAnupapatti hai / yathA-vahnike honepara ho dhUmakA honA aura vahnike na honepara dhUmakA na honaa| yathArya meM unake matase ye vyAptike do bheda nahIM haiM-vyApti to eka hI prakArako hai / kintu usakA pradarzana yA prayoga do tarahase hotA hai-tathopapattirUpase athavA anyathAnupapattirUpase / yahI kAraNa hai ki ina do prayAgoMmeMse anyatara prayogako ho paryApta mAnA gayA hai| mANikyanandine vyAptike AdhAra sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvI padArtha honese vyAptike sahabhAvaniyama aura kramabhAvaniyamarUpase vaividhyakA varNana kiyA hai / isakA samarthana abhinavacArukotine bhI kiyA hai| 1. daividhyaM bhavedvyAptaranna yavyatirekataH / anvayavyAptiraktava vyatirekAdathocyate // -si0 mu. kA0 142, pR0 125 / 2. yatra dhUmastatrAgniryathA mahAnasamityanvayavyAptiH / yatra vahirnAsti tatra dhUmo'pi nAsti yathA hRda iti vyatirekavyAptiH / -tarkasaM0 pRSTha 62 / 3. "anvayo vyatireko vA uktaH" veditavya iti smbndhH| anvayavyatirekarUpatvAd vyApteriti bhaavH| -hetubindu tathA usakI TIkA pR0 16 / 4. satyeva sAdhye hetorupapattistathopapattiriti / asati sAdhye hetoranupapattirevAnyathAnupapattiriti / -devasUri, pramANanayatattvA0 3 / 30, 31 / 5. vyutpannapayogastu tathopapattyA'nyathAnupapattyaiva vaa| --mANikyanandi, parIkSAmu0 3 / 94 / hemacandra, pramANamo0 2 / 1 / 56 / 6. sahakramamAvaniyamo'vinAbhAvaH / -parIkSAmu0 3 / 16 / 7. prameyaratnAlaMkAra 3116, pR0 106 /

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vyApti-vimarza : 150 vyAptike uparyukta bhedoMke atirikta jaina tarkagranthoM meM usake tIna bhedoMkA bhI pratipAdana hai / ve haiM-(1) bahirvyApti, (2) sakalavyApti aura ( 3 ) anta Apti / sapakSameM sAdhyake sAtha sAdhanako vyApti honA bahirvyApti hai aura pakSa tathA sapakSa dAna meM sAdhyake sAtha sAdhanako vyApti honA sakalavyApti hai| pakSasapakSa na hoM athavA unameM hetu na rahe--kevala sAdhyake sAtha sAdhanakA avinAbhAva honA antarvyApti hai / ina trividha vyAptiyoMmeM Adya donoM vyAptiyoMke na honepara bhI mAtra antarvyAptike balase jaina tAkikoMne sAdhanako sAdhyakA gamaka mAnA hai| yadi antarvyApti na ho to anya donoM vyAptiyAM nirarthaka haiM / 'sa zyAmaH tatputratvAt, itaratatputravat' isa anumAnameM bahirvyApti aura sakalavyApti donoM hai, para anta Aptike na honese 'tatputratva' hetu 'zyAmatva' sAdhyakA sAdhaka nahIM hai / isI prakAra 'udeSyati zakaTaM kRttikodayAt' isa anumAnameM na bahirvyApti hai aura na sklvyaapti| kintu sAdhanako sAdhyake sAtha antarvyApti hAnese 'kRttikodaya' hetu zakaTodayakA gamaka 1. 'sA ca tridhA-bahiyAptiH', sAkalyavyAptiH antrvyaaptishceti| ... -prabhAcandra, prameyaka0 mA0 3.15, pR0 364 / akalaMka, siddhivi0 5 / 15, 16, pramANasaM0 32, 33, pR0 106 / devasUri, pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 38, 39 / yazovijaya, jaina tarkabhA0 pR0 12 2. ( ka ) pakSIkRta eva viSaye sAdhanasya sAdhyena vyAptirantAptiH, anyatra tu bahirvyApti riti / "bahiH pakSIkRtAdviSayAdanyatra tu dRSTAntAmaNi tasya tena vyaaptirbhiyaaptirbhidhiiyte| -devasari, pramANanayata0 3 / 36 / ( kha ) pakSe sapakSe ca sarvatra sAdhyasAdhanayoH vyAptiH sakalavyAptiH / -si0 vi0 TI0 Tippa0 5 / 16, pRSTha 347 / ( ga ) pakSa eva sAdhanasya sAdhyena vyAptiH antarvyAptiH / -vahI, pR0 346 / / 3. ( ka ) antarvyAptyava sAdhyasya siddho bahirudAhRtiH / vyarthA syAttadasadbhAve'pyevaM nyAyavido viduH // --siddhasena, nyAyAva0 kA0 20 / ( kha ) vinAzo bhAva iti vA hetunaiva prasiddhayati / antaryAptAvasiddhAyAM bahirvyAptirasAdhanam / sAkalyena kathaM vyAptirantaptyiA vinA bhavet / -akalaMka,si0 vi0 5.15, 16, pR0 345-347 / pramANasaM0 32-33 / (ga) antarvyAptyA hetoH sAdhyapratyAyane zaktAvazaktI ca bahiyApterudbhAvanaM vyatham iti -devasari, pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 38, pR0 562 /

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158 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra hai / ataeva siddhasena', akalaMkara, vidyAnanda', vAdIsiMha, devasUri* Adi jaina vicArakoMne yathArtha meM antarvyAptiko hI vyApti aura use hI sAdhyasAdhaka mAnA hai tathA anya donoMko usake binA na vyApti kahA hai aura na unheM sAdhyakA gamaka hI batalAyA hai / yazovijayane bahirvyAptise sahacAramAtratAkA lAbha aura antarvyAptiko hetukA avyabhicAri lakSaNa batalAte hue bhI vyAptibhedako nahIM mAnA / 1. nyAyAva0 kA0 20 / 2. siddhivi0 5 / 15, 16 tathA pramANasaM0 kA0 32, 33, pR0 106 / 3. ta0 zlo0 11136155-159, 175, 187 / 4. kiM ca pakSAdidharmatve'pyantApterabhAvataH // tatputratvAdihetUnAM gamakatvaM na dRzyate / pakSadharmatvahIno'pi gamakaH kRttikodayaH // antarvyApterataH saiva gamakatvaprasAdhano / tthoppttireveymnythaanuppnntaa|| sA ca hetoH svarUpaM tat pantAptizca viddhi naH / -syA0 si0 4 / 82-84, 4 / 78, 76 / 5. pra0 na0 ta0 3138, pRSTha 562 / 6. jainatarkamA0 pRSTha 12 /

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adhyAya:4: prathama pariccheda avayava-vimarza avayavoMkA vikAsakrama : ___ anumAnake sarvAGgINa vicArake hetu avayavoMkA vivecana Avazyaka hai| jaina tarkazAtrameM anumAnake avayavoMkA sarvaprathama saMketa hameM AcArya gRddhapicchake tattvArthasUtrameM milatA hai| gRddhapicchane anumAnakA ullekha anumAnazabda dvArA nahIM kiyA / na unhoMne avayavoMkA nirdeza bhI avayavarUpameM kiyA hai| para unake dvArA sUtroMmeM pratipAdita AtmAke Urdhvagamana-siddhAntase pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAnta ye tIna avayava phalita hote haiN| sUtrakArane muktajIvake UrdhvagamanakI siddhi tarkapurassara karate hue nimna prakAra likhA hai ( 1 ) tadanantaramadhvaM gacchatyAlokAntAt / ( 2 ) pUrvaprayogAdasaGgatvAdvandhacchedAttathAgatipariNAmAcca / ( 3 ) aaviddhkulaalckrvdvypgtlepaalaabuuvdernnddbiijvdgnishikhaavcc|' ina sUtroMmeM UrdhvagamanarUpa pratijJA ( pakSa ), 'pUrvaprayogAt', 'asaGgatvAt', 'bandhacchedAt' aura 'tathAgatipariNAmAt' ye cAra hetu tathA ina cAra hetuoMke samarthanake lie kramazaH 'bhAviddhakulAlacakravat', 'vyapagatalepAlAbavat', 'eraNDabIjavat' aura 'agnizikhAvat' ye cAra dRSTAnta prayukta haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki AcArya gRddhapicchane anumAnake tIna avayavoMkA yahA~ saMketa kiyA hai| 1. ta0 sU0 105. 6, 7 /

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160 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra __ hamAre ukta kathanakI sampuSTi pUjyapAdakI sarvArthasiddhise bhI hotI hai| usameM ukta sUtroMkI vyAkhyA dete hue unhoMne batAyA hai ki hetuke kathana kiye binA Urdhvagamana (pratijJA)kA nizcaya nahIM ho sktaa| tathA puSkala hetuoMkA prayoga honepara bhI ve dRSTAntake samarthana binA abhipretArthakI siddhi karane meM asamartha haiN| ataeva sUtrakArane pratijJA ( ardhvagamana )ko siddha karaneke lie hetu aura dRSTAnta pratipAdita kiye haiN| pUjyapAdake ukta vyAkhyAnase nimnalikhita niSkarSa niHsRta hote haiM : (1) gRddhapicchane pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAntakA zabdavidhayA kathana bhale hI na kiyA ho, para apane abhipreta arthako siddha karaneke lie unakA arthataH nirdeza avazya kiyA hai| (2) pUjyapAdane sUtrakArake kathanakA samarthana nyAyasaraNikA anusaraNa karake kiyA hai / ata: nAmataH nirdeza na honepara bhI sUtrakAra avayavatrayase paricita the| yataH vyAkhyAkAra yA bhASyakAra apane yugake vicAroMke AlokameM prAcIna tathyoMke spaSTIkaraNake sAtha navIna tathyoMko prastuta karatA hai| ataH pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAntake spaSTIkaraNako hama pUjyapAdakI vicAradhArA nahIM mAna sakate / pUjyapAdane gRddha picchakI mAnyatAkA ho sphoTana kara ukta avayavatrayakI unakI mAnyatAko aMkita kiyA hai| (3 ) gRpicchake avayavatrayake saMketako pUjyapAdane tarka ( anumAna )kA rUpa diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tInake aucityakA samarthana kiyA hai| ( 4 ) jaina naiyAyikoMke avayava-vicArakA sUtrapAta saMketarUpase tattvArthasUtrameM mila jAtA hai / ataeva avayavoMko sthApanAkA mUla zreya jaina tarkazAstra meM A0 gRddhapicchako prApta hai| aitihAsika kramAnusAra gRddhapicchake anantara svAmI samantabhadrakA sthAna AtA hai| samantabhadrane bhI gRddhapicchake samAna ukta avayavatrayakA nAmataH ullekha kiye binA anumeyakI siddhi pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tInoM avayavoMse ko hai| kintu samantabhadrako vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne anumeya-siddhi puSTa tarkake AlokameM kI hai| jahA~ A0 gRddhapiccha cAra-cAra hetu aura cAra-cAra dRSTAnta upasthita kara sAdhyako siddhi karate haiM vahA~ A0 samantabhadra eka puSTa pratijJA aura usako 1. anupadiSTahetukamidamUrdhvagamana kathamadhyavasAtuM zakyamiti ? atrocyate Aha-hetvarthaH puSkalo'pi dRSTAntasamarthanamantareNAbhipretArthasAdhanAya nAlamiti; ucyate-sa0 si. 106, 7 ko utthAnikAe~ /

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bhavayava-vimarza : 11 siddhi ke lie eka-eka hI puSTa hetu aura dRSTAnta prayukta karate hue milate haiM / dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki samantabhadrane pratijJA,' hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tInoMkA zabdataH bhI prayoga kiyA hai, jo unake granthoMmeM vizakalita upalabdha hote haiN| kintu gRpicchane unakA vizakalita prayoga bhI nahIM kiyA / donoM AcAryoMkI pratipAdanazailIkA adhyayana karanepara nimna likhita tathya prasphuTita hote haiM : 1. samantabhadra ke samaya taka tarkazailI vikasita ho cukI thI, ataH ve apane abhipretakI siddhi ke lie ukta tInoM avayavoMkA to vyavahAra karate hI haiM, para sAdharmya aura vaidharmya dRSTAntabhedoMkA bhI upayoga karate haiN| 2. nyAyasaraNise avayavoMkA sUkSma aura vizada vicAra samantabhadrase Arambha hotA hai| samantabhadrane avinAbhAva, sadharmA, sAdharmya, vaidharmya, sAdhya, sAdhana, pratijJA, hetu, ahetu, pratijJAdoSa, hetudoSa jaise tarkazAstrIya zabdoMkA prayoga kara avayavopayogI nayA cintana prastuta kiyA hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki gRddhapicchane jina avayavoMkA mAtra saMketa kiyA thA unheM tarka ( anumAna )kA rUpa samantabhadrane diyA hai| 3. samantabhadra sarvajJa, anekAnta aura syAhAda jaise dArzanika prameyoMko anumAnakI kasauTI para rakhakara ukta tIna avayavoMse unheM siddha karate haiN| para gRddhapicchane ina prameyoMpara anumAnase koI vicAra nahIM kiyaa| hama yahA~ apane kathanakI puSTike lie samantabhadrake ukta avayavatrayake pradarzaka kucha uddharaNa udAharaNArtha prastuta kara rahe haiM : ( ka ) sUkSmAntaritadUrAH pratyakSAH kasyacidyathA / anumaMyatvato'gnyAdiriti sarvajJa-saMsthitiH / / ( kha ) astitvaM pratiSedhyenAvinAbhAvyakarmiNi / vizeSaNatvAtsAdhamyaM yathA bheda-vivakSayA / (ga) nAstitvaM pratiSedhyenAvinAbhanyakarmiNi / vizeSaNasvAdvadhamyaM yathA'bheda-vivakSayA // (gha) vidheya-pratiSedhyAtmA vizeSyaH zabdagocaraH / sAdhyadharmoM yathA heturahetuzcApyapekSayA // 4 1., 2. na sAdhyaM na ca hetuzca pratizA-hetudoSataH / -AptamI0 kA0 80 / yuktyanu0 kA0 11, 13, 44 / 3. nayaH sa dRSTAntasamarthanaste / "dRssttaantsiddhaavubhyorvivaad| -svayammU0 ayojina0 52, 54 / 4. Aptamo0 kA0 5, 17, 18, 16 / 21

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162 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra ___ ina cAroM uddharaNoMmeM samantabhadrane gRpicchase adhika vikasita anumAnapraNAlIko prastuta kara usake tIna avayavoM ( pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAnta ) se anumeyako siddhi kI hai| ataH prakaTa hai ki unheM ye tIna avayava mAnya rahe haiN| yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki samantabhadrake ukta pratipAdanaparasa yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki unhoMne ukta tIna avayavoMkA prayoga kisa prakArake pratipAdya ( vineya ) kI apekSAse kiyA hai-vyutpanna yA anyutpanna ? prakaraNake adhyayanase jJAta hotA hai ki unakA ukta kathana pratipAdyasAmAnyakI apekSAse huA hai / A0 gRpicchakA bhI nirUpaNa avizeSa rUpase hI huA hai| jaina nyAyake vikAsakramameM samantabhadrake pazcAt nyAyAvatArakAra siddhasenakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| siddhasenane nyAyAvatAra meM pakSAdi vacanako parArthAnumAna kahakara usake pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tIna avayavoMkA spaSTataH nirdeza kiyA hai tathA pratyekakA svarUpa-vivecana bhI kiyA hai / 'pakSAdi vacana' ke prayogase saMketita hotA hai ki nyAyAvatArake pUrva ukta tIna akyavoMko mAnyatAkI pUrNatayA pratiSThA ho cukI thii| yata: 'Adi' zabda dvArA saMgRhyamANa tathyoMkA adhyAhAra tabhI kiyA jAtA hai jaba ve sarvamAnyarUpameM prasiddha evaM pracalita ho jAte haiM aura vaktA jinheM abhiprAyameM rakhatA hai| hama lokameM dekhate haiM ki jAnevAle vyaktiyoMmeM rAma, zyAma AdikA kathana karane para 'Adi' zabda rAma, zyAmake mahattvako to prakaTa karatA hI hai, para saMgRhyamANoMko bhI sAmAnyatayA pratipAdita karatA hai| ataeva yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA dUrakI kar3I milAnA nahIM hogA ki siddhasenane 'pakSAdi' zabdake prayogadvArA triravayavako prasiddha mAnyatA evaM sarvabodhagamyatAko vyakta kiyA hai / ___ jaina tAkikoMmeM siddhasena hI prathama tArkika haiM, jinhoMne ukta tIna avayavoMke nirUpaNameM pratijJAke sthAna meM 'pakSa' zabdakA prayoga kiyA hai / bhAratIya tarkazAstrake prakAzameM 'pakSa' zabdake itihAsako dekhanese jJAta hotA hai ki pratijJAke sthAnameM 'pakSa' kA prayoga sarvaprathama diGnAga yA unake ziSya zaMkarasvAmIne kiyA hai| aura sambhavataH unakA anukaraNa siddhasenane kiyA hogaa| ___ siddhasenake ukta avayavasambandhI spaSTa pratipAdanase unakA mahattva nimna likhita kAraNoMse bar3ha jAtA hai 1. sAdhyAvinAbhuvo hetorvaco yatpratipAdakam / parArthAnumAnaM tat pakSAdivacanAtmakam // -nyAyAva0 kA0 13 / tathA 14, 17, 18 aura 19 bhI dekhie / 2, 3. pakSAdivacanAni sAdhanam / pakSahetudRSTAntavacanaihi prAznikAnAmapratIto'rthaH prati paayte| "etAnyeva trayo'vayavA ityucynte| -nyA0 pra0 pR0 1,2 /

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bhavayava-vimaza : 111 1. unhoMne ina avayavoMkA paribhASAoM sahita vivecana kiyA hai, jo unake pUrva jaina tarkazAstrameM upalabdha nahIM hai / 2. pratijJAke sthAnameM unhoMne pakSako rakhA hai aura jisase nimna do naye tathya sAmane Ate haiM-- (a) gRddhapiccha, samantabhadra aura pUjyapAda dvArA arthataH yA zabdataH pratipAdita pratijJA prAyaH pakSake pUre arthakA spaSTIkaraNa karane meM asamartha hai, ataH siddhasenane usake sthAnameM 'pakSa' zabdako dekara usakI vyAkhyAdvArA pratijJAkA svIkaraNa nirdiSTa kiyA hai| ( A ) siddhAntayugameM pratijJAzabdakA prayoga svayaM siddhiyoMkI svIkRtike lie bhI hotA thA; ataH pratijJAse siddhAnta aura tarka donoM rUpoMkA bodha kiyA jAtA hai / para pakSazabdane svayaM siddhiyoMse haTAkara tarkake kSetrameM vicAravinimayako Abaddha kara tarkapraNAlIko puSTa kiyA evaM prazraya diyaa| sambhavataH siddhasenakA pratijJAke sthAnameM pakSazabdako rakhanekA yahI Azaya rahA hogaa| pratipAdyoMkI dRSTise avayava prayoga : siddhasena taka jaina cintakoMne pratipAdyavizeSako apekSAse avayavoMkA vicAra nahIM kiyaa| kevala sAmAnya prAznikoMko lakSyameM rakhakara unakA prayoga kiyA hai| kintu Age cala kara pratipAdyoMko do vargoM meM vibhakta kara unako dRSTise avayavoMkA prayoga svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| pratipAdya do prakArake haiM-(1) vyutpanna aura (2) avyutpanna / vyutpanna ve haiM jo saMkSepa yA saMketameM vastusvarUpako samajha sakate haiM aura jinake hRdayameM tarkakA praveza hai / avyutpanna ve pratipAdya haiM jo alpaprajJa haiM, jinheM vistArase samajhAnA Avazyaka hotA hai aura jinake hRdayameM tarkakA praveza kama rahatA hai| akalaGkadevane avayavoMko samIkSA karate hue pakSa aura hetu ina do hI avayavoMkA samarthana kiyA hai / unakA abhimata hai ki kucha anumAna aise bhI haiM, jinameM dRSTAnta nahIM miltaa| para ve ukta do avayavoMke sadbhAvase samIcIna mAne jAte haiN| ve pakSa aura hetukI samIkSA na kara kevala dRSTAntakI mAnyatAkA Alocana karate hue kahate haiM ki dRNanta sarvatra Avazyaka nahIM hai| anyathA 'sabhI padArtha kSaNika haiM, kyoMki ve sat haiM isa anumAnameM dRSTAntakA abhAva honese kSaNikatva siddha nahIM ho skegaa| ataeva akalaGkake vicArase kinhIM pratipAdyoMke lie yA kahIM pakSa 1. sarvatraiva na dRSTAnto'nanvayenApi sAdhanAt / anyathA sarvabhAvAnAmasiddho'yaM kSaNakSayaH // -nyA0 vi0 kA0 381, aklyH|

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164 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna vicAra aura hetu ye do hI avayava paryApta hai| dRSTAnta kisI pratipAdavizeSa athavA sthala vizeSakI apekSA grAhya hai, sarvatra nhiiN| ___ A0 vidyAnandane pramANaparIkSA aura patraparokSAmeM kumAranandi bhaTTArakake vAdanyAyake, jo Aja anupalabdha hai, kucha uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, jinameM batAyA gayA hai ki parArthAnumAnake avayavoMke prayogakI vyavasthA pratipAdyoMke anusAra kI jAnI caahie| kumAranandine avayavavyavasthAmeM eka nayA mor3a upasthita kiyaa| isa mor3ako hama vikAsAtmaka kaha sakate hai / unhoMne avayavoMke prayogako 'prati gadyAnurodhata:' (pratipAdyAnusAra ) kaha kara spaSTatayA nayI dizA pradAna kI hai| likhA hai ki jisa prakAra vidvAnoMne pratipAdyoMke anurodhase pratijJAko kahA hai usI prakAra unakI dRSTise unhoMne udAharaNAdiko bhI batalAyA hai| vidyAnandane prAyaH kumAranandike zabdoMko hI doharAte aura unake Azayako spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki parAnugrahapravRtta AcAryoMne prayogaparipATI pratipAdyoMke anusAra svIkAra kI hai / yathA ( ka ) prayogaparipAvyAH pratipAcAnurodhataH parAnugrahapravRttairabhyupagamAt / 4 ( kha ) bodhyAnurodhamAtrAttu zeSAvayavadarzanAt / " vidyAnandake isa pratipAdanase spaSTa hai ki pakSa aura hetu ye do avayava vyutpannoM aura zeSa ( dRSTAntAdi ) avayava bodhyoMke anurodhase pradarzita haiM / tattvArthazlokavAttikameM unhoMna' sandigdha, viparyasta aura avyutpanna ye tIna prakArake bodhya ( pratipAdya ) batalAye haiM tathA unake bodhArtha sandigdha, viparyasta aura avyutpanna rUpa sAdhya ( pakSa ) kA prayoga nirdiSTa kiyA hai / patraparIkSAmeM patralakSaNake prasaGgameM 1. tathA cAbhyadhAyi kumAranandibhaTTArakaiH anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM liMgamaMgyate / prayAgapArapATo tu pratipAdyAnurAdhataH / / -0 50 pR0 72 / 2. tathaiva hi kumAranandibhaTTArakairapi svavAdanyAya nigaditatvAttadAha pratipAdyAnurodhena prayogeSu punaryathA / pratijJA procyate tajjaistathAdAharaNAdikam // anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM liMgamaMgyate / prayogaparipATo tu pratipAyAnurodhataH // -pra0pa0 pR03| 3. patrapa0 pR0 3 tathA upayuka 1 va 2 naMbarakA phuTanoTa / 4. pra0 50 pR. 72 / 5. 50pa0 pR0 17 / 6. ta0 zlo0 11136353-361, pR0 215 /

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avayava-vimarza: 165 vidyAnandane' vizeSa ( vyutpanna ) pratipAdyakI apekSAse pakSa aura hetu ina do avayavoMke prayogakA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai| mANikyanandira, prabhAcandra', devasUri aura hemacandra bhI akalaGka aura vidyAnandakA anugamana karate haiM / ina sabhIne likhA hai ki sAdhyadharmake AdhArakA nirNaya aura sAdhanake AzrayakA udghoSaNa karane ke lie pakSakA prayoga Avazyaka hai| usake abhAvameM vyutpannoMko bhI sAdhyadharmAdhArameM sandeha ho sakatA hai| ataH use dUra karane ke lie pakSakA prayoga karanA caahie| dUsare, trirUpa hetuko kaha kara usakA samarthana karane para to pakSakA svIkAra anivArya hai, kyoMki pakSa ke binA samarthana-asiddhAdi doSa parihAra nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra sAdhyasiddhi ke lie tathopAtta athavA anyathAnupapattirUpa hetukA prayoga bhI atyanta Avazyaka hai / usake abhAvameM abhipretakI siddhi sambhava nhiiN| isa prakAra pakSa aura hetu ye do hI parArthAnumAnake avayava haiM / ina doke dvArA hI vyutpanna pratipAdyako anumeyakA jJAna ho sakatA hai| ___ unake lie dRSTAntAdiko anAvazyakatA batalAte hue mANikyanandine sayuktika pratipAdana kiyA hai ki dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ina tIna avayavoMkA svIkAra zAstra ( vItarAga kathA ) meM hI hai, vAda ( vijigopu kathA ) meM nahIM, kyoMki vAda karane vAle vyutpanna hote haiM aura vyutpannoMko dRSTAntAdikI AvazyakatA hI nhiiN| ve kahate haiM ki dRSTAnta na sAdhyajJAnake lie Avazyaka hai aura na avinAbhAvake nizcayake lie; kyoMki sAdhyakA jJAna nizcita sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hetuke prayogase hotA hai aura AvanAbhAvakA nizcaya vipakSameM bAdhaka rahanese hotA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki dRSTAnta vyaktirUpa hotA hai aura avinAbhAva ( vyApti ) 1. sAdhyadharmaviziSTasya dharmiNaH sAdhanasya ca / vacaH prayujyate patre vizeSAzrayato yathA / sAdhyAMnardezasahitasyaiva hatAH prayogArhatvasamarthanAt / -50 50 pR0 9 / 2, 3. etadvayamevAnumAnAcaM nodAharaNam / -50 mu0 337 / prameyaka0 mA0 3 / 37 4. pakSahatuvacanalakSaNamavayavadvayameva parapratipatteraMgaM na dRSTAntAdivacanam / -pra0 na0 ta0 328 / 5. etAvAn paMkSaprayogaH / -pra0 mI0 2119, pR0 52 / 6. sAdhyadharmAdhArasandehApanodAya gamyamAnasyApi pakSasya vacanam / ko vA tridhA hetumuktvA samarthayamAno na pakSayati / -50 mu0 3134, 36 / 10 na0 ta0 324, 25 / pra0 mo0 218 / 7, 8. 50 mu0 3 / 46, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 /

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196 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra sAmAnyarUpa / yadi dRSTAntagata avinAbhAvameM bhI sandeha ho jAye to usake nirAkaraNake lie dUsare dRSTAntakI aura dUsare dRSTAntameM tIsare AdikI apekSA hogI, jisase anavasthA doSa AyegA / vyAptismaraNake lie bhI udAharaNa Avazyaka nahIM hai, kyoMki vyAptikA smaraNa sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hetuke prayogase hI ho jAtA hai| mANikyanandike vyAkhyAkAra cArukIrti kahate haiM ki udAharaNakA prayoga ulTA sAdhyadharmI ( pakSa ) meM sAdhya aura sAdhanake sadbhAvako sandigdha banA detA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki upanaya aura nigamanakA prayoga ukta sandehakI sthitiko dUra karaneke lie hotA hai / yadi kahA jAya ki upanaya sAdhanake sandeha aura nigamana sAdhyake sandehakI nivRttike lie prayukta nahIM kiye jAte, apitu hetumeM pakSavRttitAkA pratipAdana karane ke lie upanayako tathA abAdhitatva aura asatpratipakSatvakA kathana karaneke lie nigamanako kahA jAtA hai to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, yataH avinAbhAvI hetu aura pratyakSAdya viruddha sAdhya ke prayogase hI hetumeM pakSavRtitva, abAdhitatva aura asapratipakSatva tInoMkA nizcaya ho jAtA hai / ataeva upanaya aura nigamana anumAnake aMga nahIM haiN| phira bhI yadi unheM anumAnAMga mAnA jAya to usase yukta yaha hai ki samarthana athavA heturUpa anumAnake avayavako hI kahanA paryApta hai, kyoMki sAdhyasiddhi meM usakA prayoga paramAvazyaka hai| spaSTa hai ki jaba taka asiddhAdi doSoMkA parihAra karake sAdhyake sAtha sAdhanakA avinAbhAvapradarzanarUpa samarthana yA atyanta Avazyaka hetukA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAegA tabataka dRSTAntAdi sAdhyasiddhimeM kevala anupayogI hI na raheMge, balki nirarthaka bhI hoNge| ataH vyutpanna pratipAdya ke lie pakSa aura hetu ye do hI avayava anumeyake jJAna / anumAna ) meM Avazyaka haiN| prabhAcandra, anantavIrya, devasUri, hemacandra aura dharmabhUSaNa Adine mANikyanandikA hI samarthana kiyA hai| tulanAtmaka avayava-vicAra : yahA~ tulanAtmaka avayava-vicAra prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, jo jJAtavya hai| 1. udAharaNena mahAnase sAdhyasAdhananizcayajanane'pi pakSe tayonizcayAjananAt / -cArukIti, prameyaratnA0 3642 / 2. nanu pakSe hetusAdhyayossaMzayanirAsArtha nopanayanigamanayoH prayogaH / kintUpanayasya hetau pakSadharmatvapratipAdanArtha nigamanasya cAbAdhitatvAsatpratipakSatvapratipAdanArtha / ata evaM tayorapyanumAnAMgatvamAvazyakam / -vahI, 3 / 44 kI utyAnikA / 3. pakSadharmatvasya hetuvAkyAdeva lAbhAt / abAdhitatvasya hetau sAdhyaviziSTapakSavRttitvarUpa tayA'satpatipakSatvasya ca sAdhyAbhAvayyApyAbhAvaviziSTapakSavRttitvarUpatvena tayorapi pratizAhetubhyAmeva siddheH| -vahI, 344, pR0 116 /

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avayava-vimarza : 17 nyAya aura vaizeSika tAkirkone paMcAvayavake pratipAdaka vacanoMko parArthAnumAna svIkAra kiyA hai / para jJAnako pramANa mAnane vAle jaina' aura bauddha 2 vicArakoMne vacanako upacArase parArthAnumAna kahA hai| unakA abhimata hai ki vaktAke svArthAnumAnake viSaya (sAdhya aura sAdhana ) ko kahane vAle vacanoMse zrotA (pratipAdya ) ko jo anumeyArthakA jJAna hotA hai vaha jJAnAtmaka mukhya parArthAnumAna hai aura usake janaka vaktAke vacana usake kAraNa honese upacArataH parArthAnumAna hai| vicAraNIya hai ki vaktAkA kitanA vacanasamUha pratipAdyake lie anumeyakI pratipattimeM Avazyaka hai ? nyAyasUtrakAra aura unake anusartA vAtsyAyana, udyotakara, vAcaspati, jayantabhaTTa prabhRti nyAyaparamparAke tAkikoM tathA prazastapAda Adi vaizeSika vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki pratijJA, hetu" udAharaNa', upanaya aura nigamana ye pAMca vAkyAvayava anumeya-pratipattimeM Avazyaka haiN| inamese ekakA bhI abhAva rahane para anumAna sampanna nahIM ho sakatA aura na pratipAdyako anumeyako pratipatti ho sakatI hai| sAMkhyavidvAn yuktidIpikAkArane deg ukta paMcAvayavoMmeM jijJAsA, saMzaya, prayojana, zakyaprApti aura saMzayavyudAsa ina pAMca avayavoMko aura sammilita karake 1. parArtha tu tadarthaparAmarzivacanAjjAtam / tadvacanamapi tatutvAt / -mANikyanandi, parI0 mu0 3 / 55, 56 / / pakSahetuvacanAtmakaM parArthamanumAnamupacArAditi / -devasUri, pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 23 / 2. dharmakIrti, nyAyAMba0 tR0 pari0 pR0 46 / tathA dharmottara, nyAyavi0 TI0 pR0 46 / 3. pratijJAhatUdAharaNopanayanigamanAnyavayavAH / -nyaaysuu01|132 / 4. avayavAH punaH pratizA'padezanidarzanAnusandhAnapatyAmnAyAH / -praza0 bhA0 pR0 114 / 5, 6, 7, 8. prazastapAdane hetuke sthAnameM apadeza, udAharaNake lie nidarzana, upanayakI jagaha anusandhAna aura nigamanake sthAnapara pratyAmnAya nAma diye haiN| para avayavoMkI pA~ca saMkhyA tathA unake arthameM prAyaH koI antara nahIM hai| 9. asatyAM pratijJAyAM anAzrayA hetvAdayo na pravartaran / asati hato kasya sAdhanabhAvaH pradazyeta nigamanAbhAve cAnabhivyaktasambandhAnAmekArthana pravarttanaM 'tathA' iti pratipAdanaM ksy| -vAtsyAyana, nyAyabhA0 161636, pR0 53 / 10. yuktido0 kA0 1 kI bhUmikA, pR0 3 tathA kA0 6, pR0 47-51 /

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168 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vi parArthAnumAnavAkyake dazAvayavoMkA kathana kiyA hai| parantu mATharane' parArthAnumAna vAkyake tIna ( pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ) avayava pratipAdita kiye haiN| sAMkhyoMkI yahI triravayavamAnyatA dArzanikoMdvArA adhika mAnya aura Alocya rahI hai| bauddha vidvAn diGanAgake ziSya zaMkarasvAmIkA' mata hai ki pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta dvArA prAznikoMko apratIta arthakA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai, ataH ukta tIna hI sAdhanAvayava haiM / dharmakIti: ina tIna avayavoMmeMse pakSako nikAla dete haiM aura hetu tathA dRSTAnta ina do athavA mAtra hetuko ho parArthAnumAna vAkyakA avayava mAnate haiN| mImAMsaka tArkika zAlikAnAtha, nArAyaNabhaTTa aura pArthasArathine ukta tIna (pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAnta ) avayava varNita kiye haiN| nArAyaNabhaTTa dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana isa prakArase bhI tona avayava mAnate hue milate haiN| __jaisA ki hama dekha cuke haiM, jaina cintaka pratipAdyoMkI dRSTi se avayavoMkA vicAra karate haiM / ArambhameM pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tIna avayavoMkI mAnyatA hone para bhI uttarakAla meM akalaGka, kumAranandi, vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi,prabhAcandra, devasUri, hemacandra prabhRti sabhI tArkikoMne pratipAdyoMko apekSAse unakA pratipAdana kiyA hai / kisI pratipAdyako dRSTi se do, kisIko apekSAse tIna, kisIke anusAra cAra aura kisI anya pratipAdyake anurodhase pA~ca avayava bhI kahe jA sakate haiN| 1. pakSahetudRSTAntA iti tryavayavam / -mATharavR0 kA0 5 / 2. pakSahetudRSTAntavacanaihi prAznikAnAmapratIto'rthaH pratipAdyate iti / etAnyeva trayo'vayavA ityucynte| -nyAyapra0 pR0 1, 2 / 3. pramANavA0 11128 tathA nyAyavi0 tR0 pari0 pR0 11 / hetubi0 pR0 55 / 4. "tatrAbAdhita" iti pratizA / "zAtasambandhaniyamasya" ityanena dRSTAntavacanam / "ekadezadarzanAt" iti hetvabhidhAnam / tadevaM vyavayavaM sAdhanam / -prakaraNapaM0 pR0 220 / 5. tasmAlyavayavaM namaH paunaruktyAsahA vayam / udAharaNaparyantaM yadodAharaNAdikam / -mAnameyo0 pR0 64 / 6. nyAyaratnA0 ( mo0 ko0 anu0 pari0 so0 53 ) pR0 361 /

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avayava-vimarza : 19 (1) pratijJA : pratijJAkA' dUsarA paryAya pakSa athavA dharmI hai| pratijJA zabdakA nirdeza sarvaprathama gautamane kiyA jAna par3atA hai| pAMca avayavoMmeM unhoMne use prathama sthAna diyA hai| usako paribhASA dete hue likhA hai ki sAdhyake nirdezako pratijJA kahate haiN| vAtsyAyanane usakI vyAkhyAmeM itanA aura spaSTa kiyA hai ki prajJApanIya ( sAdhanIya ) dharmase viziSTa dharmIkA pratipAdaka vacana pratijJA hai| jaise'zabda anitya hai|' prazastapAdane bhI anumAnavAkyake paMcAvayavoMmeM prathama avayavakA nAma pratijJA hI diyA hai / para usako paribhASA gautamakI pratijJA-paribhASAse viziSTa hai| usameM unhoMne 'avirodhI' pada aura dekara usake dvArA pratyakSabAdhita, anumAnabAdhita Adi pAMca bAdhitoMko nirasta karake pratijJAko abAdhita pratipAdita kiyA hai| sAtha hI usakA vizadIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai| likhA hai ki pratipi 1, 2, 3. ( ka ) pakSaH prasiddhI dharmA / -zaMkarasvAmI, nyAyapra0 pR0 1 / ( kha ) prazApanIyena dharmeNa dharmiNo viziSTasya parigrahavacanaM pratizA / -vAtsyAyana, nyA0 bhA0 pR0 48, 1 / 1 / 33 / / (ga ) pratipipAdayiSitadharmaviziSTasya dharmiNo'padezaviSayamApAdayitumuddezamAtraM prtijnyaa| -praza0 bhA0 pR0 114 / (gha ) sAdhyaM dharmaH kvacittadviziSTo vA dharmI / pakSa iti yAvat / prasiddho dhmii| -mANikyanandi, parI0 mu0 3 / 25, 26, 27 / 4, 5. pratijJAhetRdAharaNopanayanigamanAnyavayavAH / -akSapAda, nyAyasU0 111 / 32 / 6. sAdhyanirdezaH prtishaa| -vahI, 161633 / 7. nyAyamA0 11:33, pR0 48 / tathA isI pRSThakA 1, 2, 3 naM0 (kha) kA phuttnott| 8. anumeyodezo'virodhI pratijJA / -praza0 bhA0 pR0 114 / 9. avirodhigrahaNAt pratyakSAnumAnAbhyupagatasvazAstrasvavacanavirodhino nirastA bhavanti / -praza0 mA0 pR0 115 / 10. isI pRSThakA 1, 2, 3 naM0 (ga) kA phuTanoTa / 22

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170 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra pAdayiSita dharmase viziSTa dharmIko hetukA viSaya prakaTa karaneke lie usakA abhidhAna karanA pratijJA hai / vAstava meM yadi vaha hetukA viSaya vivakSita na ho to vaha korI pratijJA hogI, anumAnakA avayavarUpa pratijJA nhiiN| nyAyapravezakArane pratijJAke sthAnameM pakSa zabda diyA hai| yaha parivartana unhoMne kyoM kiyA, yaha vicAraNIya hai, kyoMki donoMkA prayoga eka ho artha meM kiyA gayA hai| pratijJAkA abhidheyArtha svIkRta siddhAnta ( koTi ) hai aura yahI pakSazabdakA hai| para vicAra karanepara unameM sUkSma antara pratIta hotA hai| pakSazabda jahA~ apane sakhA sapakSa aura pratidvandI vipakSako lie hue hotA hai vahA~ pratijJAzabdase aisI koI bAta dhvanita nahIM hotii| pratijJA taka ke nikaTa kama hai aura Agamake nikaTa adhika / para pakSa tarkake nikaTa adhika hai aura Agamake nikaTa km| aura yaha prakaTa hai ki anumAnakA saMvala tarka ho hai-usIpara vaha pratiSThita hai| ataH anumAna-vicArameM pratijJAzabdakI apekSA pakSazabda adhika anurUpa hai / sambhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki nyAyapravezakArake pazcAt pakSazabdakA adhika prayoga huA hai| jaina aura bauddha tarka granthoMmeM to prAyaH yahI zabda adhika prayukta milatA hai| isakI paribhASAmeM nyAyapravezakArane kahA hai ki dharmaviziSTa dharmIkA nAma pakSa hai, jo prasiddhavizeSaNase viziSTa honeke kAraNa prasiddha hotA hai, sAdhyarUpase iSTa hotA hai aura pratyakSAdise aviruddha / vRttikArake anusAra vizeSaNa ( sAdhyadharma ) kI prasiddhatA sapakSa meM sadbhAvako apekSA kahI gayI hai, sAdhyadharmI ( pakSa ) meM sattvakI apekSA nahIM, vahA~ to vaha asiddha hI hotA hai| vastutaH jo sarvathA aprasiddha ho vaha khapuSpakI taraha sAdhya ho bhI nahIM sktaa| yahI abhiprAya nyAyapravezakArakA sAdhyako prasiddha batalAnekA pratIta hotA hai| tAtparya yaha ki jo prasiddha dharmavAlA ho, sAdhya ho, abhipreta ho aura pratyakSAdyaviruddha ho vaha pakSa hai| pakSaH prasiddho dharmoM prasiddha vizeSeNa viziSTatayA svayaM saadhytvenepsitH| pratyakSAyaviruddha iti vaakyshessH| -nyAya pra0 pR0 1 / udyotakarase lekara natryanaiyAyikoM taka nyAyaparamparAmeM pakSazabdake prayogako bahulatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| iha dharmiNastAvatprasiddhatA yuktA vizeSaNasya tvanityatvAderna yujyate / sAdhyatvAt / ...naitadevam / samyagaryAnavayodhAt / iha prasiddhatA vizeSaNasya na tasminneva dharmiNi samAdhIyate / kintu dharmyantare ghaTAdau / ... -nyAyapra0 vR0 pR015 /

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avayava-vimarza : 17 // dharmakotine bhI pakSako yahI paribhASA prastuta kI hai| yadyapi ve pakSaprayogako sAdhanAvayava nahIM mAnate aura isalie unake dvArA usakI paribhASA nahIM honI cAhie / tathApi unake vyAkhyAkAra dharmottarake 2 anusAra pakSazabdase unheM sAdhyArtha vivakSita hai aura caMki koI asAdhyako sAdhya tathA sAdhyako asAdhya mAnate haiM, ataH sAdhyAsAdhyakA vivAda nirasta karaneke lie unhoMne pakSakA lakSaNa kiyA hai| jaina tarkazAstra meM adhikAMzataH pakSazabda hI abhyupagata hai| pratijJAzabdakA prayoga bahuta kama huA hai / balki kucha tArkikoMne usakI samIkSA kI hai| siddhasena pakSakA lakSaNa prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki sAdhyakA svIkAra pakSa hai, jo pratyakSAdise nirAkRta nahIM hai aura hetuke viSayakA prakAzaka hai| siddhasenake isa pakSalakSaNameM gautama, prazastapAda, nyAyapravezakAra aura dharmakItike pakSalakSaNoMkA samAveza pratIta hotA hai / 'sAdhyAbhyupagamaH' padase gautamake 'sAdhya-nirdezaH' padakA 'hetorgocaradIpaka:' padase prazastapAdake 'apadezaviSaya'kA aura 'pratyakSAdyanirAkRtaH' vizeSaNase prazastapAdake 'avirodhI', nyAyapravezakArake 'pratyakSAdyaviruddha' tathA dharmakotike 'anirAkRta'kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| yaha unakI saMgrAhiNI pratibhAkA dyotaka hai, jo eka hI padyameM sabakA sAra samAviSTa kara liyA hai| ___ akalaMkadevane" sAdhyako pakSa kahA hai / unako dRSTimeM pakSa aura sAdhya do nahIM haiN| ataeva ve nyAyavinizcaya aura pramANasaMgrahameM pakSase abhinna sAdhyakA lakSaNa prastuta karate hue kahate haiM-jo zakya ( abAdhita ), abhipreta aura aprasiddha ho vaha sAdhya hai| isase viparIta-azakya ( bAdhita ) anabhipreta aura prasiddhako unhoMne sAdhyAbhAsa nirUpita kiyA hai, kyoMki ukta prakArakA sAdhya sAdhanakA viSaya nahIM hotA / akalaMkane nyAyapravezakArako taraha pakSalakSaNameM prasiddha vizeSaNa svIkAra nahIM kiyA, kyoMki jaba vaha sAdhya hai to vaha aprasiddha hogA aura yaha aprasiddhatA sAdhyadharmIkI apekSAse ho vivakSita hai, sapakSa kI apekSAse usakI prasiddhatA batalAnA nirarthaka hai| vAdIko apekSAse abhipreta, prativAdIkI dRSTise aprasiddha aura vAdI tathA prativAdI donoMkI apekSAsa use zakya-pratyakSAdyaviruddha 1,2. svarUpeNaiva svayamiSTo'nirAkRta pakSa iti / -nyAyavi0 tR0 pari0 pR0 60 tayA isIkI dharmottarakRta TIkA pR0 60 / 3. vidyAnanda, ta0 zlo0 vA0 113 / 156; pR0 201 / 4. sAdhyAmyupagamaH pakSaH pratyakSAdhanirAkRtaH / tatprayogo'tra kartavyo hetogoMcaradopakaH // -nyAyAva0 14 / 5. sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddhaM tato'param / sAdhyAbhAsaM viruddhAdi sAdhanAviSayatvataH // -nyAyavi0 21172, pramANasaM0 kA0 20, pR0 102 /

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1.2 : jaina takazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra honA paryApta hai| yahAM ullekhanIya hai ki akalaMkane dharmakItike usa matakI mImAMsA bhI kI hai jisameM dharmakotine dharmIko upacArase pakSa mAnA hai / akalaMkakA kahanA hai ki dharmoko upacArase pakSa mAnanepara usakA dharma sAdhya bhI vAstavika siddha na hogA-upacarita siddha hogaa| isake atirikta dharmI ( pakSa ) kA dharma honese pakSadharma-hetu bhI upacarita hogaa| vidyAnandane bhI akalakakA samarthana karate hue upacArase dharmoko pakSa mAnaneke dharmakIrtike mantavyakA samAlocana kiyA hai| unhoMne dharma-dharmIke samudAyako pakSa kahane ke vicArakI bhI samIkSA kI hai aura sAdhyadharmako pakSa svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki hetukA avinAbhAva sAdhya-dharmake sAtha hI hai, isalie sAdhyadharma hI anumeya (pakSa ) hai| mANikyanandikA' vicAra hai ki vyAptinizcayakAlameM dharma sAdhya hotA hai aura anumAnaprayogakAlameM dharmaviziSTa dhrmoN| tathA dharmIkA nAma hI pakSa hai| vAtsyAyana" aura udyotakarane bhI dvividha sAdhya ( dharmIviziSTa dharma aura dharmaviziSTa dharmI ) kA tathA dharmottarane vividha sAdhya ( hetulakSaNakAlameM dharmo, vyAptinizcayakAlameM dharma aura sAdhyapratipattikAlameM samudAya ) vA pratipAdana kiyA hai| prabhAcandra , anantavIrya, vAdirAja, devasUri', hemacandra12, dharmabhUSaNa'e, 1. pakSo dharmItyupacAre taddharmatApi na siddhA / / -siddhivi06|2. pR0373 / 2. pakSo dharmI avayave samudAyopacArAt / -hetubi0 pR0 52 tathA pra0 vA0 svavR0 pR0 12, 113 / 3. tathA ca na dharmadharmisamudAyaH pakSo, nApi tattaddharmI taddharmatvasyAvinAmAvasvabhAvatvAbhA vAt / kiM tarhi, sAdhya eva pakSa iti pratipattavyaM tddhrmtvsyevaavinaamaavitvniymaadityucyte| sAdhyaH pakSastu naH siddhastaddharmoM heturityapi / -ta0 zlo0 bA0 1136159, 160, pRSTha 201 / tathA pR0 281 / 4. sAdhyaM dharmaH kvacittadviziSTo vA dharmA / pakSa iti yAvat / -parIkSAmu0 3 / 25, 26 / 5. nyAyabhA0 111 / 36, pR0 49 / 6. nyAyavA0 1 / 1136, pR0 134 ! 7. nyAyabi0 TI0 pR. 24 / 8, 6. prameyaka0 mA0 3 / 25, 26 / prameyara * mA0 3 / 21, 22, pR0 152 / 10. pramANani0 pR0 61 / 11. pra0 na0 ta 314, 20 / 12. siSAdhayiSitamasiddhamabAdhya sAdhyaM pakSaH / -pra0 mI0 1 / 2 / 13, pR0 45 / 13. nyA0 dI0pU0 72 /

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avayava-vimarza : 173 2 yazovijaya', cArukIrti prabhRti tArkikoMkA prAya: mANikyanandi jaisA hI mantavya hai | hemacandrane pakSako sAdhyakA hI nAmAntara batalAyA hai jo siddhasena, akalaMka aura vidyAnandake anurUpa hai| prabhAcandrake matAnusAra mANikyanandikI taraha anumAnaprayogakAlameM sAdhya na agni Adi dharma hotA hai aura na parvata Adi dharmI / apitu agni Adi dharmaviziSTa parvata Adi dharmI anumeya hotA hai aura vahI pratipAdakakA pratipAdya ke lie pakSa hai / ata: sAdhya ( dharmaviziSTa dharmI ) ko pakSa kahane meM koI doSa nahIM hai / 8 ( 2 ) hetu : anumeko siddha karane ke lie sAdhana (liGga ) ke rUpameM jisa vAkyAvayavakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha hetu" kahalAtA hai / sAdhana aura hetumeM yadyapi sAdhAraNatayA koI antara nahIM hai aura isalie donoM kA prayoga bahudhA paryAyarUpa meM milatA hai / para unameM vAcya vAcakakA bheda hai / sAdhana vAcya hai, kyoMki vaha koI vastu rUpa hotA hai / aura hetu vAcaka hai, yataH usake dvArA vaha kahI jAtI hai| akSapAdane hetukA lakSaNa prastuta karate hue likhA hai ki udAharaNa ke sAdharmya tathA vaidharmya se sAdhyako siddha karanA hetu hai / unake isa hetulakSaNase hetukA prayoga do tarahakA siddha hotA haiM - ( 1 ) sAdharmya aura ( 2 ) vaidharmya / vAtsyAyana' aura udyotakarane unake ina donoM prayogoMkI sampuSTi kI hai / ina tArkikoMke matAnusAra hetumeM sAdhya ke udAharaNakA sAdharmya tathA vaidharmya donoM apekSita haiM / arthAt hetuko sAdhya ( pakSa ) meM to rahanA hI cAhie, sAdharmya udAharaNa ( sapakSa ) meM sAdhya ke sAtha vidyamAna aura vaidharmya udAharaNa vipakSa ) meM sAdhyAbhAva ke sAtha avidyamAna bhI honA 1. jaMna takabhA0 pR0 13 / 2. prame0 tnAlaM0 3 / 25, 26 / 3. 'pakSa:' iti sAdhyasyaMva nAmAntaram / - pra0 mI0 12/13, pR0 45 / 4. pratiniyatasAdhyadharmavizeSaNaviziSTatayA hi dharmiNaH sAdhayitumiSTatvAt saadhyvypdeshaavirodhH| ... sAdhyadharmavizeSaNaviziSTatayA hi gharmiNaH sAdhayitumiSTasya pakSAmiSAne doSAbhAvAt / - prabhAcandra, prameyaka0 mA0 3 / 25, 26, 50 371 / 5. kaNAune hetu, apadeza, liMga, pramANa aura karaNa ina sabako hetukA paryAya batalAyA hai / - vaiza 10 925 / 6. udAharaNasAdhamryAtsAdhyasAdhanaM hetuH / tathA vaidharmyAt / nyAyasU0 1|1|34, 35 / 7. nyAyamA0 111 34, 35 / 8. nyAyavA0 1|1|34, 35, pR0 118-134 /

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104 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna- vicAra cAhie / isa prakArake hetustrarUpake avadhAraNa ( nizcaya ) se hetvAbhAsa nirasta ho jAte haiM / kAzyapa ( kaNAda ) aura unake vyAkhyAkAra prazastapAdakAra bhI mata hai ki jo anumeya ke sAtha sambaddha hai, anumeyase anvita ( sAdharmya udAharaNa - sapakSa ) meM prasiddha hai aura usake abhAva ( vaidharmya udAharaNa - vipakSa ) meM nahIM rahatA vaha liMga hai / aisA trirUpa liMga anumeyakA anumApaka hotA hai / isase viparIta aliMga ( hetvAbhAsa ) hai aura vaha anumeyakI siddhi nahIM kara sakatA / bauddha tArkika nyAyapravezakAra bhI trirUpa hetuke prayogako ho anumeyakA sAdhaka batalAte haiM / dharmakIrti, dharmottara Adine usakA samarthana kiyA hai / 9 uparyukta adhyayanama avagata hotA hai ki Arambha meM trirUpAtmaka hetukA prayoga anuneyapratipatti ke lie Avazyaka mAnA jAtA thA / para uttarakAlameM nyAyaparamparA meM trirUpa hetuke sthAna meM paMcarUpa hetukA prayoga anivArya ho gayA / usakA sarvaprathama pratipAdana vAcaspati mizra aura jayantabhaTTane kiyA hai| Age to prAyaH sabhI paravartI nyAyaparamparA ke vidvAnoMne paMcarUpa hetuke prayogakA hI samarthana kiyA hai / kintu dhyAna rahe, vaizeSika aura bauddha trirUpa hetuke prayogako mAnyatApara Arambhase anta taka dRr3ha rahe haiM / prazna hai ki jaina tAkikoMne kisa prakArake hetuke prayogako anumeyakA gamaka svIkAra kiyA hai ? jaina paramparA meM sabase pahale samantabhadrane hetu ke svarUpakA nirdeza 1. tadevaM hetusvarUpAvadhAraNAtrAmAsA nirAkRtA bhavanti / - nyAyavA0, 101 / 34, pRSTha 116 | 2. yadanumeyenArthena dezavizeSe kAlavizeSe vA sahacaritamanumeyadharmAnvite cAnyatra sarvasminnekadeze vA prasiddhamanumeyavaparIte ca sarvasminpramANato'sadeva tadaprasiddhArthasyAnumApakaM ligaM bhavati / -praza0 bhA0 pR0 100 / 3. nyAyapra0 pR0 1 / 4. nyAyabindu pR0 22, 23 / hetubi0 pR0 52 / 5. nyAyabi0 To0 pR0 22, 23 / 6. tena sUtrasthena ( cazabdena ) abAdhitatvamasatpratipakSatvamapi rUpadvayaM samuccitamityuktaM bhavati / - nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 11115, pR0 174 tathA 171 / 7. gamyate'neneti liMgam, tacca paMcalakSaNam etaiH paMcabhirlakSaNairupapannaM liMgamanumApakaM bhavati / -nyAyamaM0 pR0 101 / 8. udayana, nyAyavA0 tA0 pari0 1 / 1 / 5 / kezava, tarkamA0 pR0 86, /

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avayava-vimarza : 175 kiyA hai / unhoMne ' AptamImAMsA meM nyAyasUtrakArakera matase sahamati prakaTa karate hue hetuko avirodhI ( sAdhyake sAtha hI rahanevAlA - sAdhyAbhAvake sAtha na rahanevAlA arthAt avinAbhAvI - anyathAnupapanna ) honA vizeSa Avazyaka batalAyA hai / unake vyAkhyAkAra akalaMkadevane unakA Azaya udghATita karate hue likhA hai ki 'sadharmaNaiva sAdhyasya sAdharmyAt' isa vAkya ke dvArA samantabhadrane hetuko trilakSaNa sUcita kiyA hai aura 'avirodhata:' padase anyathAnupapattiko dikhalAkara kevala trilakSaNako ahetu pratipAdana kiyA hai / udAharaNasvarUpa 'tatputratva' Adi asad hetuoMko liyA jA sakatA hai, jinameM rUpya to hai, para anyathAnupapatti na honese ve gamaka nahIM haiM / kintu anyathAnupapanna hetuoMmeM unhoMne gamakatA svIkAra ko hai / ataeva 'nisyanaikAntapakSespi vikriyA nopapadyate' ( AptamI0 kA0 37 ) ityAdi sthaloM meM anyathAnupapattikA hI samAzraya liyA gayA hai / tAtparya yaha ki samantabhadra rUpyakA niSedha to nahIM karate / parantu hetuke avinAbhAvapara adhika bhAra dete haiM / pAtrasvAmI', siddhasena", kumAranandi, akalaMka, vidyAnanda", mANikyanandi N, prabhAcandra", vAdirAja, anantavIrya' 2, devasUri 3, zAntisUri 14, hemacandra " dharmabhUSaNa', yazovijaya aura cArukIrti " Adine mAtra avinAbhAtrIanyathAnupapanna hetu ke prayogako hI anumeyakA sAdhaka mAnA hai / 7 1. sadharmaNIva sAdhyastha sAdharmyAdavirodhata: / - Aptamo0 kA0 106 / 2. udAharaNasAdharmyAtsAdhyasAdhanaM hetuH / tathA vaidharmyAt / nyAyasU0 1 / 1 / 34, 35 / 3. aSTaza 0 aSTasa0 pR0 289 (A0 mI0 kA 106 ko vivRti) | 4. tatrasaM0 pR0 406 meM uddhRta pAtrasvAmIkA 'anyathAnupapannatva' patha / 5. nyAyAva0 kA0 21 / 6. patraparo0 meM uddhRta kumAranandikA 'anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM' padya / 7. nyA0vi0 kA 0 269, pra0 saM0 kA0 21, aka0 pra0 pRSTha 66 tathA 102 / 8. pra0 parI0 pR0 70, 71 6. parI0 mu0 3 / 15 / 10. prameyaka0 mA0 3 / 15, pR0 354 / 11. nyA0 vi0 vi0 2 / 1 pR0 2 / pra0 ni0 pR0 42 / 12. prameyara0 mA0 3 / 11, pR0 141-143 / 13. pra0 na0 ta0 3 11, pR0 517 / 14. nyAyAva0 vA0 3 / 43, pR0 102 / 15. pra0 mI0 2 / 1 / 12 / 16. nyA0 do0 pR0 76 / 17. jainatarkabhA0 pR0 12 / 18. prameyaratnAlaM0 3 / 15, pR0 103 /

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.: jaina varkazAbameM anumAna-vicAra yaha hetuprayoga do tarahase kiyA jAtA hai'-(1) tathopapattirUpase aura (2) anyathAnupapattirUpase / tathopapattikA artha hai sAdhyake honepara hI sAdhanakA honA'; jaise agnike honepara hI dhUma hotA hai / aura anyathAnupapattikA Azaya hai sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakA na honA ho; yathA agnike abhAvameM dhUma nahIM ho hotaa| yadyapi hetuke ye donoM prayoga sAdharmya aura vaidharmya athavA anvaya aura vyatirekake tulya haiM / kintu unameM antara hai / sAdharmya aura vaidharmya athavA anvaya aura vyatirekake sAtha evakAra nahIM rahatA, ataH ve aniyata bhI ho sakate haiM, para tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapattike sAtha evakAra honese unameM aniyamako sambhAvanA nahIM haidonoM niyatarUpa hote haiM / dUsare, ye donoM jJAnAtmaka haiM, jaba ki sAdharmya aura vaidharmya athavA anvaya aura vyatireka jJeyadharmAtmaka haiM / ataH jaina tAkikoMne unheM svIkAra na kara tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapattiko svIkAra kiyA tathA inameM se kisI ekakA hI prayoga paryApta mAnA hai| (3) dRSTAnta : ___ hama poche kaha Aye haiM ki jo pratipAdya vyutpanna nahIM haiM, na vAdAdhikArI haiM aura na vAdecchuka haiM,kintu tattvalipsu haiM unheM avyutpanna, bAla athavA mandamati kahA gayA hai| inakI apekSA anumeyakI pratipattike kie pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ye tIna, 1. vyutpannaprayAgastu tathopapattyA'nyathAnupapattyaiva vaa| agnimAnayaM dezastathaiva ghUmavatvopapattedhUmavattvAnyathAnupapattervA / -parI0 mu0 395 / hetuprayogastathopapattyanyathAnupapattimyAM dviprakAra iti / -pra0 na0 ta0 3329, pR0 559 / nyAyAva0 kA0 17 / pra0 mI0 2 / 1 / 4 / 2. satyeva sAdhye hetorupapattistathopapattiriti / -devasUri, pra0 na0 ta0 330 / ta0 zlo0 11136175 / 3. asati sAdhye hetoranupapattirevAnyathAnupapattiriti / -vahI, 3431, pR0 560 / 4. (ka) anayoranyataraprayogeNaiva sAdhyapratipattau dvitIyaprayogasyaikatrAnupayoga iti / -pra0 na0 ta0 3333, pR0560 / (kha) hetostathopapattyA vA syAtprayogo'nyathApivA / dvividho'nyatareNApi sAdhyasiddhirbhavediti // -siddhasena,nyAyAva0 kA0 17, / (ga) nAnayostAtparye bhedaH / ataeva nobhayoH prayogaH / -hamacandra, pra0 mI0 2 / 115, 6, pRSTha 50 / 5. bAlAnAM tvvyutpnnprshaanaa"| prameyaka0 mA0 3346 kA utthAnikAvAkya, pR0 376 / prameyara0 mA0 3 / 42 kA utyAnikAvAkya tathA usakI vyaakhyaa| mandamatIMstu vyutpAdayituMH / -devasUri, pra0 na0 ta0 3142, pR0 564, /

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avayava-vimarza : 1.. upanayasahita cAra aura nigamana sahita pAMca avayavoMke prayogoMko bhI jaina tAkikoMne' svIkAra kiyA hai| bhadrabAhu2, devasUri3,hemacandra , yazovijaya" Adi tAkikoM ne pratijJAzuddhi Adi daza avayavoMke prayogako bhI mAnya kiyA hai / yahAM ina sabapara kramaza: vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / dRSTAntake lie udAharaNa aura nidarzana zabdoMkA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| nyAyasUtrakArane dRSTAnta aura udAharaNa donoM zabda diye haiM tathA dRSTAntake vacanako udAharaNakA svarUpa batalAyA hai| prazastapAdane nidarzana zabda prayukta kiyA hai| nyAyapravezakArane dRSTAnta zabdako cunA hai| dharmakIrtine dRSTAntako sAdhanAvayava na mAnanese usakA nirdeza kevala nirAsArtha kiyA hai / jaina tArkikoMne dRSTAnta, nidarzana aura udAharaNa tInoM zabdoMkA prayoga kiyA hai / siddhasenane deg dRSTAnta, akalaMkane / dRSTAnta aura nidarzana tathA mANikyanandine 2 dRSTAnta, nidarzana aura udAharaNa tInoMko diyA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki nyAyadarzanameM dRSTAntako udAharaNase pRthak svatantra padArtha ke rUpameM bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai aura usakA kAraNa evaM vizeSa prayojana yaha batalAyA gayA hai13 1. pratipAdyAnurodhena prayogopagamAt / yathaiva hi karayacitpatibAdhyasyAnurodhena sAdhanavAkye sandhA'bhidhIyate tathA dRSTAntAdikamapi / kumAranandibhaTTArakairapyuktampratipAdyAnurodhana prayogepu punrythaa| pra tazA procyataH tajzaMstathodAharaNAdikam // -vidyAnanda, patraparI0 pR0 3, maannikynndi| devasUri, pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 42 / hemacandra, pra0 mI0 2 / 1 / 10 / dharmabhUSaNa, nyA0 dI0 pR0 103 / yazovijaya, jainatakabhA0 pR0 16 / 2. dazavai0 ni0 gA0 50, 137 / 3. syA0 ratnA0 3 / 42, pR0 565 / 4. pra0 mI0 2 / 1 / 10 kI svo0 vR0 pR0 52 / 5. jainatarkabhA0 pR0 16 / 6. nyAyasU0 111136 / 7. praza0 bhA0 pR0 114, 122 / 8. nyAyapra0 pR0 1 / 8. tAvataivArthapratItiriti na pRthagdRSTAnto nAma / -nyA0bi0 tR0 pari0 pRSTha 11 / 10. nyAyAva0 kA0 18, 16 / 11. akalaMkagrantha0 pR0 80,42, 106, 127 / 12. parIkSAma0 3 / 27, 40, 47, 48, 46 / 13. dRSTAntavirodhena hi pratipAdyAH pratiSecyA bhavanti, dRSTAntasamAdhinA ca svapakSAH sthApanIyA bhavantIti, avayaveSu codAharaNAya kalpata iti / -vAtsyAyana, nyAyamA0 11125, pR0 43 / 23

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108 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra ki dRSTAnta-virodhase pratipakSiyoMko vAdameM rokA jA sakatA hai tathA dRSTAntasamAdhAnase apanA pakSa paripuSTa kiyA jAtA hai aura avayavoMmeM udAharaNakI kalpanA dRSTAntase hI hotI hai| gautamane' dRSTAntakA svarUpa prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki jisa artha meM laukika aura parIkSaka donoM sahamata hoM vaha dRSTAnta hai| isa dRSTAntakA pradarzana hI udAharaNa hai / udAharaNahArA una do dharmoMmeM sAdhya-sAdhanabhAva puSTa kiyA jAtA hai| jinake avinAbhAvo ekako sAdhana aura dUsareko sAdhya banAyA jAtA hai| udAharaNase avyutpanna pratipAdyako saralatAse anumeyakA bodha ho jAtA hai| akSapAdane dRSTAntake sAmAnyalakSaNake atirikta eka-eka sUtra meM saadhyokt aura vaidhyokt udAharaNakA svarUpa batAyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki unheM udAharaNake do bheda vivakSita haiM(1) sAdharmya aura ( 2 ) vaidharmya / prazastapAdane bhI nidarzanake do bhedoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai aura ve akSapAda jaise hI hai| nyAyapravezakArane bho akSapAdako taraha dvividha dRSTAntoMkA pratipAdana kiyA hai| jaina tArkika siddhasenane dRSTAntake ukta donoM bheda svIkAra kiye haiN| jahAM sAdhya aura sAdhanameM vyAptikA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai use sAdharmya dRSTAnta tathA 1. laukikaparIkSakANA yasminnarthe buddhisAmyaM sa dRSTAntaH / -nyAyasU0 1 / 2 / 25 / 2. sAdhyasAdhAttaddharmabhAvI dRSTAnta udAharaNam / ~vahI. 111 / 36 / 3. udAhiyate'nena dharmayoH sAdhyasAdhanabhAva ityudAharaNam / -vAtsyAyana, nyAyabhA0 111136, pR050| 4. nyAyasU0 111 / 25, 111136, 37 / 5, dvividhaM nidarzanaM sAdhamryeNa vaidhamryeNa ca / tatrAnumeyasAmAnyena liMgasAmAnyasyAnuvidhAna darzanaM sAdharmyanidarzanam / tadyathA-yat kriyAvat tad dravyaM dRSTaM yathA zara iti / anumeyaviparyamaye ca liMgasyAbhAvadarzanaM vaidharmyanidarzanam / tadyathA-yadadravyaM tat kriyAvanna bhabani yathA stteti| -praza0 bhA0 pR0 122 / 6. dRSTAnto dvividhaH / sAdharyeNa vaidhamryeNa ca / tatra sAdhamryeNa tAvat / yatra hetoH sapakSa evAstitvaM khyApyate / tdythaa| yatkRtakaM tadanityaM dRSTaM yathA ghaTAdiriti / vaidhayeNApi / yatra sAdhyAbhAve hetorabhAva eva kathyate / tdythaa| yannityaM tadakRtakaM dRSTaM ythaakaaNshmiti| -nyAyapra0 pR0 1,2 / 7. nyAyAva0 kA0 18, 19 /

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avayava-vimarza: 179 hai| tathA jahAM sAdhyake na hone para sAdhanakA na honA khyApita kiyA jAtA hai use vaidharmya dRSTAnta batalAyA hai / vizeSa yaha ki isameM unhoMne pUrvagRhIta vyAptisambandha ke smaraNakI apekSA bhI batalAyo hai| sAtha hI ve' antarvyAptise hI sAdhya-siddhi honepara bala dete haiM aura usake abhAvameM udAharaNako vyartha batalAte haiM / akalaMkakA mata hai ki dRSTAnta anumeya-siddhi meM sarvatra Avazyaka nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha samasta padArthoMko kSaNika siddha karane meM koI dRSTAnta prApta nahIM hotA, kyoMki sabhI padArtha pakSAntargata ho jAnese sapakSakA abhAva hai / ataH binA anvayake bhI mAtra antarvyAptike sadbhAvase sAdhya-siddhi sambhava hai| hA~, jahA~ dRSTAnta milatA hai use diyA jA sakatA hai| akalaMkane' dRSTAntakA lakSaNa prastuta karate hue likhA hai ki jahAM sAdhya aura sAdhana dharma kA sambandha nirNIta hotA hai vaha dRSTAnta hai| ___ mANikyanandine bhI dRSTAntake do bhedoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / antara yaha hai ki unhoMne sAdharmya aura vaidhaya'ke sthAnameM kramazaH anvaya aura vyatireka zabda diye haiN| jahA~ sAdhyake sAtha sAdhanakI vyApti dikhAI jAe usa sthAnako anvayadRSTAnta tathA jahA~ sAdhyake abhAvako dikhAkara sAdhanakA abhAva dikhAyA jAe use vyatireka dRSTAnta kahA hai| devasUri vyAptismaraNake Aspada ( mahAnasAdi ko dRSTAnta kahate haiM / mANikyanandine dRSTAntake sAmAnyalakSaNakA pratipAdaka koI sUtra nahIM racA / para devasUri 1. antarvyAptyaiva sAdhyasya siddharbahirudAhRtiH / vyarthA syAt tadasadbhAve'pyevaM nyAyavido viduH // nyAyAva0 kA 20 / 2. sarvatraiva na dRSTAnto'nanvayenApi sAdhanAt / anyathA sarvamAvAnAmasiddho'yaM kSaNakSayaH // -nyAyavi0 kA0 381 / 3. sambandho yatra nirzataH sAdhyatAdhanadharmayAH / sa dRSTAntaH tadAbhAsAH sAdhyAdivikalAdayaH // -nyAyavi0 kA0 380 / 4. dRSTAnto dvedhA, anvayavyatirekamedAt / sAdhyavyAptaM sAdhanaM yatra pradarzyate so'nvayadRSTAntaH / sAdhyAbhAve sAdhanAbhAvA yatra kathyate sa vyatirekadRSTAntaH -pa0 mu0 3147, 48, 46 / 5. pratibandhapratipatterAspadaM dRSTAnta iti / -pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 43, pR0 567 /

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180 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra ne usakA pratipAdaka mUtra diyA hai| inhoMne dRSTAntake dvaividhyameM mANikyanandi ko taraha anvaya-vyatireka zabda na dekara siddhasenakI taraha sAdharmya-vadharmya zabda prayukta kiye hai / hemacandrane' isa sambandha devasUrikA anusaraNa kiyA hai| __dhamabhUpaNane dRSTAntake samyaka vacanako udAharaNa aura vyAptike sampratipattipradezako dRSTAnta kahA hai / jahAM vAdI aura prativAdIkI buddhisAmyatA ( avivAda ) hai usa sthAnako sampratipatti-pradeza kahate haiM / jaise rasoIzAlA Adi athavA tAlAba Adi / kyoMki vahA~ 'dhUmAdikake honepara niyamase agnyAdika pAye jAte haiM aura agnyAdikake abhAvameM niyamase dhUmAdika nahIM pAye jAte' isa prakArakI sampratipatti sambhava hai / rasoIzAlA Adi anvaya dRSTAnta haiM, kyoMki vahA~ sAdhya aura sAdhanake sadbhAvarUpa anvayabuddhi hotI hai / aura tAlAba Adi vyatireka-dRSTAnta haiM, kyoMki vahA~ sAdhya aura sAghana donoMke abhAvarUpa vyatirekakA jJAna hotA hai / ye donoM hI dRSTAnta haiM, kyoMki sAdhya aura sAdhana donoMrUpa anta- arthAt dharma jahAM sadbhAva athavA asadbhAva rUpameM dekhe jAte haiM vaha dRSTAnta hai, aisA dRSTAnta zabdakA artha unameM nihita hai / dharmabhUSaNa" eka vizeSa bAta aura kahate haiN| vaha yaha ki dRSTAntakA dRSTAntarUpase jo vacana-prayoga hai vaha udAharaNa hai| kevala vacanakA nAma udAharaNa nahIM hai / isake prayogakA ve nidarzana isa prakAra prastuta karate haiM-jaise, jo jo dhUmavAlA hotA hai vaha vaha agnivAlA hotA hai, yathA rasoIghara, aura jahA~ agni nahIM hai vahA~ dhUma bhI nahIM hai, jaise tAlAba, isa prakArake vacanake sAtha hI dRSTAntakA dRSTAntarUpase pratipAdana karanA udAharaNa hai / 1. pra0 na0 ta0, 3 / 43, pR0 567 / 2. sa dvedhA sAdharmyato vaidhayaMtazceti / yatra sAdhanadharmasattAyAmavazyaM sAdhyadharmasattA prakAzyate sa sAdharmyadRSTAnta iti / yatra tu sAdhyAbhAve sAdhanasyAvazyamabhAvaH pradarzyate sa vaidhrmydRssttaant:| -vahI, 3 / 44, 45, 46, pR0 567, 568 / 3. sa vyaaptidrshnbhuumiH| sa sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM dvessaa| sAdhanadharmaprayuktasAdhyadharmayogI sAdha HdRSTAntaH sAdhyadharmanivRttiprayuktasAdhanadharmanivRttiyogI vaidhaHdRSTAntaH / -pramANamo0 1 / 2 / 20, 21, 22, 23, pR0 48 / 4. udAharaNaM ca samyagdRSTAntavacanam / ko'yaM dRSTAnto nAma ? iti cet, ucyate, vyApti sampatipattipradezo dRSTAntaH / tatra mahAnasAdiranvayadRSTAntaH-hRdAdistu vytirekdRssttaantH|"dRssttaantau caitau dRSTAvantau dhau sAdhyasAdhanarUpau yatra sa dRSTAnta ityarthAnuvRttaH / -nyAyadI0 pR0 104-105 / prameyaka0 mA0 3 / 47, pR0 377 / 5. nyAyadI0 pR0 105 /

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raja - vimarza : 181 yazovijayane' mandamati pratipAdyoMke lie dRSTAntAdikA prayoga upayukta mAnA hai / para unakA vivecana nahIM kiyA / mANikyanandike vyAkhyAkAra antima jaina tArkika cArukIrtiko gaMgeza aura unake anuvartI navya naiyAyikoM dvArA vikasita navyanyAyake cintanakA bhI avasara milA hai / ata: unhoMne usase lAbha uThAkara anvayi udAharaNa aura vyatireki udAharaNa ke lakSaNa navyanyAyako paddhatise prastuta kiye haiM / jaina paramparAke lie unakA yaha nayA Aloka hai / ( 4 ) upanaya : upanayakA svarUpa batalAte hue gautamane likhA hai ki udAharaNakI apekSA rakhate hue 'vaisA hI yaha hai' yA 'vaisA yaha nahIM hai' isa prakArase sAdhyakA upasaMhAra upanaya kahalAtA hai / vAtsyAyanane gautama ke isa kathanakA vizadIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai - jisa anumAtAne sAdhyake sAdRzyase yukta udAharaNameM sthAlI Adi dravyako utpattidharmaka honese anitya dekhA hai vaha 'zabda utpattidharmaka hai' isa anumAna meM sAdhya - sthAlI Adi dravyakA bhI utpattidharmakatva meM upasaMhAra karatA hai / isI taraha jisane sAdhya ke vaisAdRzyame yukta udAharaNameM AtmA Adi dravyako anupattidharmA honese nitya jAnA hai vaha zabda meM nityatva na milanepara anutpattidharmakatva ke upasaMhAra-pratiSedhase usameM utpattidharmakatva kA upasaMhAra karatA hai / upasaMhArakA artha hai doharAnA / jisa anumAnAvayava meM udAharaNakI prasiddhipUrvaka hetuviziSTatvena anumeyako doharAyA jAe vaha upanaya hai / vAtsyAyanane " gautamake AzayAnusAra udAharaNa tathA hetukI taraha upanayake bhI anvaya aura vyatirekarUpa do bhedoMkA nirdeza kiyA I udyotakara Adi uttaravartI sabhI naiyAyikoMne nyAyasUtrakAra aura vAtsyAyanakA samarthana kiyA hai / - nyAyasU0 1138 / 4. nyAyamA0 1 / 1 / 38, pR0 51 / 5. vahI, 1 1 38, pR0 51 / 1. mandamatistu vyutpAdayituM dRSTAntAdiprayogo'pyupayujyate yastu pratibandhagrAhiNaH pramANasya na smarati taM prati dRSTAnto'pi / -- jaina tarkabhA0 pR0 16 / 2. anvayavyAptiviziSTa hetva bacchinnaparvatavizeSyakasAdhya prakAra kabodhajanakatvAtrayatvamanvayyudAharaNasya lakSaNam / ... ...vyatirekavyAptiviziSTasAdhanAvacchinnavizeSyakasAdhya prakAra kabodhajanakAvayavatvaM vyatirekodAharaNasya lakSaNam / - premaratnAlaM0 3 | 47, 49, pR0 120, 101 / 3. udAharaNApekSastathetyupasaMhAro na tatheti vA sAdhyasyopanayaH /

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182 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra bauddhoMne upanayako svIkAra nahIM kiyA / ataH unake tarka granthoMmeM usakA vivecana nahIM hai / para hA~, dharmakItine hetukA prayoga sAdharmya aura vaidharmyarUpase dvividha batalAkara usIke svarUpameM udAharaNa aura upanayako antarbhUta kara liyA hai| unake hetukA prayoga isa prakAra hotA hai-'jo sat hai vaha saba kSaNika hai / jaise ghaTAdika / aura sat zabda hai| tathA kSaNikatA na honepara sattva bhI nahIM hotaa|' hetuke isa prayogameM spaSTatayA udAharaNa aura upanayakA praveza hai| para dharmakoti unheM hetukA hI svarUpa mAnate haiN| unheM pRthak svIkAra nahIM karate / anantavIrya aura unake anusartA hemacandrane mImAMsakoMke nAmase cAra avayavamAnyatAkA ullekha kiyA hai, jisameM upanaya sammilita hai| isase jJAta hotA haiM ki mImAMsakoMne bhI upanayako mAnA hai / parantu yaha mAnyatA mImAMsakatarkagranthoMmeM upalabdha nahIM hotI / sAMkhyavidvAn yuktidIpikAkAra" bhI apane dazAvayavoMmeM upanayakA kathana karate hue pAye jAte haiN| kintu mATharane upanayako svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| kevala pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAntako unhoMne aMgIkAra kiyA hai / jaina paramparAmeM gRddhapiccha, samantabhadra aura siddhasenane upanayakA koI nirdeza nahIM kiyA / akalaMka mAtra 'upanayAdisamam' zabdoM dvArA upanayakA ullekha to karate haiM, para usake svarUpAdikA unhoMne koI kathana nahIM kiyaa| itanA avazya hai ki ve pratipAdyavizeSake lie usake prayogakA samarthana karate jAna par3ate haiM / upanayake svarUpakA spaSTa pratipAdana mANikyanandine kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki pakSa hetuke 1. tasya ( hetoH ) dvidhA pryogH| sAdhamryeNa ekaH, vaidhamyaNAparaH / yathA-yat sat tat sarva kSaNikam / yathA ghttaadyH| saMzca zabdaH / tathA, kSaNikatvAbhAve stvaabhaavH| sarvopasaMhAreNa vyAptipradarzanalakSaNau sAdharmyavaidharmAprayogauM uktau / -hetubi0 pR0 55 / 2. DA. mahendrakumAra jaina, nyAyavi0 prastAvanA pRSTha 15 / 3. prameyara0 mA0 3 / 32, pR0 164 / 4. pra0 mI0 2 / 118, pR0 52 / 5. sAdhyadRSTAMtayorekakriyopasaMhAra upnyH| -yuktidI0 kA 6, pR0 48 / 6. mATharavR0 kA0 5 / 7. sammohavyavacchedena tattvAvadhAraNe svayaM sAkSAtkRte'pi sAdhanavacane kathaMcinizcitya ..."vAcakaM upanayAdisamam / -pra0 sa0 kA0 51, aka0 graMtha0 pR0 111 / 8. tAvat prayoktavyaM yAvatA sAdhyasAdhanamadhikaraNaM pratyeti / -vahI, svo0 vR0 pR0 111 / 9. hetorUpasaMhAra upnyH| -parIkSAmu0 3050 /

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bhavayava-vimarza : 185 duharAnekA nAma upanaya hai / prabhAcandrane unake pratipAdanakA bahuta sundara vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki jisake dvArA sAdhyadharmImeM sAdhyAvinAbhAvirUpase arthAt pakSadharmarUpase viziSTa hetu upadarzita ho vaha upanaya kahA jAtA hai / yathArtha meM upanayavAkyake dvArA dRSTAnta sAdRzyase hetumeM sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvarUpa pakSadharmatAko puSTi kI jAtI hai / ataeva upanayako upamAna bhI kahA gayA hai / isakA udAharaNa hai-'usI prakAra yaha dhUmavAlA hai' / anantavIryakA bhI yahI mata hai| devasUri mANikyanandi aura prabhAcandra kA hI anugamana karate hai / hemacandrane' upanayake svarUpakA pratipAdaka sUtra to devasUri jaisA hI diyA hai / para usakI vRttimeM unhoMne kucha vizeSatA vyakta kI hai| kahA hai ki jisa pakSadharma-sAdhanakI daSTAntadharmImeM vyApti ( sAdhyAvinAbhAva / ko jAna liyA hai usakA sAdhyadharmImeM upasaMhAra karanA upanaya hai aura vaha vacanarUpa hai / jaise 'aura dhUmavAlA yaha hai' / cArukotikA' upanayalakSaNa navyanyAyake parivezameM prathita honese ullekhanIya hai / dhyAna rahe nyAyaparamparAmeM jahAM sAdhya ( pakSa ) ke upasaMhArako upanaya kahA hai vahAM jaina nyAyameM pakSameM hetuke upasaMhArako upanaya batalAyA gayA hai| vAstavameM upanayakA prayojana prayukta hetumeM sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvako sampuSTi karanA hai / ataH pakSaniSThatvena hetuke punaH abhidhAnako upanaya kahA jAnA yukta hai| ( 5 ) nigamana : parArthAnumAnakA antima avayava nigamana hai / nigamanakA svarUpa dete hue gauta 1. upanayA hi sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena viziSTo sAdhyadharmiNyupanIyate yenopadaya'te hetuH so'bhidhiiyte| -prameyaka0 mA0 3 / 50, pR0 377 / 2. upanaya upamAnam , dRSTAntamisAdhyamiNoH sAdRzyAt / .. -prameyaka0 ma0 3137, pRSTha 374 / 3. hetoH pakSadharmatayopasaMhAra upanaya iti / -prameyara0 mA0 3 / 46, pR0 172 / 4. hetoH sAdhyamiNyupasaMharaNamupanayaH iti / upanIyate sAdhyAvinAmAvitvena viziSTo hetuH sAdhyamiNyupadazyate yena sa upanaya iti vyutpattaH / -pra0 na0 ta0 syA0ra03147, pR0569| 5. dharmiNi sAdhanasyopasaMhAra upanayaH / -pra0 mI0 2 / 1 / 14, pR0 53 / 6. dRSTAntarmiNi visRtasya sAdhanadharmasya sAdhyadharmiNi yaH upasaMhAraH sa upanayaH upasaMhiyate'nenopanIyate'neneti vacanarUpaH, yathA dhUmavAMzcAyamiti / -vahI, 2 / 1114, pR0 53 / 7. pra. ratnAlaM0 3050, pR0 121 /

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144 : jaina tarkazAbameM anumAna-vicAra tane' likhA hai ki hetuke kathanapUrvaka pratijJAkA punaH abhidhAna karanA arthAt duha rAnA nigamana hai / ise vAtsyAyana udAharaNapUrvaka spaSTa karate haiM ki jisa prakAra hetukathanake uparAnta sAdharmyaprayukta athavA vaidharmyaprayukta udAharaNakA upasaMhAra kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra 'utpattidharmaka honese zabda anitya hai' isa taraha hetukathanaparvaka prastAvita pakSako duharAnA nigamana kahalAtA hai| ve nigamana-sAdhya arthako batalAneke lie sAdharmya aura vaidhayaM prayukta anumAnaprayojaka vAkyoMke vizleSaNake sAtha kahate haiM-'zabda anitya hai' yaha pratijJA hai, 'utpattidharmA honese' yaha hetu hai, 'utpattidharmA sthAlI Adi dravya anitya hote haiM' yaha udAharaNa hai, 'vaisA hI yaha zabda hai' yaha upanaya hai, 'isalie utpattidharmA honese zabda anitya hai' yaha nigamana hai| yaha to sAdharmya prayukta anumAnaprayojaka vAkyakA udAharaNa hai| vaidhayaMprayukta vAkyakA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai-'zabda anitya hai', 'kyoMki vaha utpatti dharmA hai', 'anutpattidharmA AtmAdi dravya nitya dekhA gayA hai', 'yaha zabda vaisA anutpattidharmA nahIM hai', 'isalie utpattidharmA honese zabda anitya hai' / tAtparya yaha ki paMcAvayavavAkyameM pA~coM (pratijJAse nigamanataka) avayava milakara paraspara sambaddha rahate hue hI anumeyako pratipatti karAte haiN| nigamanakA kAma hai ki vaha yaha dikhAye ki pahale kahe gaye cAroM avayavavAkya ekamAtra anumeyako pratipatti karAne kI sAmarthya se sampanna haiM / udyotakara" aura vAcaspati mizrane upanaya aura nigamanako avayavAntara svIkAra na karanevAloMkI mImAMsA karate hue unheM pRthak avayava mAnanekI AvazyakatAkA pradarzana kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki dRSTAntagata dharmakI avyabhicAritAko siddha karake usake dvArA sAdhyagata dharmako tulyatAkA bodha karAneke lie upanayako aura pratijJAta arthake pramANoM ( cAra avayavavAkyoM) se upapanna ho jAnepara sAdhyaviparItakA prasaMga niSedha karaneke lie nigamanakI Ava 1. hatvapadezAtpratizAyAH punarvacanaM nigamanam / -nyAyasU0 1 / 1 / 39 / 2. nyAyabhA0 1 / 1 / 36, pR0 52 / 3. vahI, 111136, pR0 52 / 4. sarveSAmekArthapratipattau sAmarthyapradarzanaM nigamanamiti / -nyAyabhA0 111 / 39, pR0 53 / 5. dRSTAntagatasya dharmasyAvyabhicAritve siddhe tena sAdhyagatasya tulyadharmatA evaM cAyaM kRtaka iti / pratizAviSayasyArthasyAzeSapramANopapattau sAdhyaviparItaprasaMgapratiSedhArtha yat punarabhidhAnaM tat nigamanamiti / -nyAyavA0 111138, 36, pR0 137 / 6. nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 111138, 36, pR0 269-301 /

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avayava-vimarza : 185 zyakatA evaM upayogitA hai| vAcaspati' kahate haiM ki pratijJAdi cAra avayavoMke dvArA hetuke kevala tIna athavA do rUpoMkA pratipAdana hotA hai, abAdhitaviSayatva aura asatpratipakSatvakA nahIM aura avinAbhAva pAMca athavA cAra rUpoMmeM samApta hotA hai| ataH abAdhitaviSayatva tathA asatpratipakSatva ina do rUpoMkA saMsUcana karaneke lie nigamana Avazyaka hai| prazastapAdane nigamana zabdake sthAnameM 'pratyAmnAya' zabda rakhA hai aura usakA svarUpa prAyaH vahI prastuta kiyA hai jo nyAyaparamparAmeM nigamanakA hai| para dhyAna denepara usameM kucha vaiziSThaya parilakSita hotA hai| unakA mantavya hai ki anumeyarUpase jisakA uddezya kiyA gayA hai aura jisakA nizcaya nahIM huA hai, usakA dUsaroM (pratipAdyoM ) ko nizcaya karAneke lie pratijJAkA punaH abhidhAna karanA pratyAmnAya hai| jina pratipAdyoMne hetvAdi cAra avayavavAkyoMse anumeya-pratipattikI zakti to prApta kara lI hai, para usakA nizcaya nahIM, unheM pratyAmnAyavAkyase hI anumeyakA nizcaya karAyA jAtA hai| isake binA anya sabhI athavA pratyeka avayava anumeyakA nizcaya nahIM karA sakate / ataH pratyAmnAyavAkyake kahe jAnepara hI paMcAvayavarUpa parArthAnumAnavAkya pUrNa hotA hai aura vahI parArthAnumitimeM sakSama hai| bauddha aura mImAMsaka upanayakI taraha nigamanako bhI nahIM mAnate / ataH unake nyAya-granthoMmeM usakA samarthana na hokara nirAsa hI upalabdha hotA hai| dharmakIrtine to upanaya aura nigamana donoMko asAdhanAMga kahakara unake kahane para asAdhanAMga nigrahasthAna batalAyA hai| sAMkhyavidvAn yuktidIpikAkAra nigamanako mAnate haiN| para mAThara use svIkAra nahIM karate / ___jaina tarkazAstrameM nigamanakA spaSTa kathana mANikyanandine Arambha kiyA hai| unake bAda devasUri, hemacandra Adine bhI usakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| mANikyanandine 1. caturbhiH khalvavayavaihetostrINi rUpANi dve vA pratipAdite na tvabAdhitaviSayatvAsatpati pakSatve / paMcasu vA caturpu vA rUpeSu hetoravinAbhAvaH parisamApyate, tasmAdabAdhitatvAsatpratipakSitatvarUpadyasaMsUcanAya nigamanam / -nyA0 tA0, 111136, pR0 301-302 / 2. anumeyatvenoddiSTe cAnizcite ca pareSAM nizcayApAdanArtha pratizAyAH punarvavacanaM pratyA mnAyaH / "na ghetasminnasati pareSAmavayavAnAM samastAnAM vyastAnAM vA tadarthavAcakatvamasti / tasmAt pNcaavyvenaiv"| -praza0 bhA0 pR0 124-127 / 3. pratizAyAstu nigamanam / -parIkSAmu0 251 / 24

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186 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna- vicAra pratijJAke duharAneko nigamana kahA hai| prabhAcandra' usa vAkyako nigamana batalAte haiM jisake dvArA pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa aura upanaya cAroMko sAdhyarUpa eka artha meM sAdhakarUpase sambandhita kiyA jAtA hai / anantavIryako ina donoM paribhASAoM meM kucha kamI pratIta huI hai aura jo yukta bhI hai| ve usame 'pakSadharmaviziSTa rUpase' itanA vizeSaNa aura jor3a denA Avazyaka samajhate haiM / arthAt unakI dRSTise sAdhyadharmatriziSTarUpase pratijJAkA pradarzana ( duharAnA ) nigamana hai / jaise 'dhUmavAlA honese yaha agnivAlA hai / ' devasUri aura hemacandrakA nigamana-svarUpa mANikyanandi aura prabhAcandra jaisA hI hai / dharmabhUSaNa ne " sAdhanako duharAte hue sAdhyake nizcayarUpa vacanako nigamana kahA hai / cArukIrtine upanayakI taraha nigamanakA bhI lakSaNa navyapaddhatise grathita kiyA hai | aisA pratIta hotA hai ki antima do avayavoM para jaina tArkikoMne utanA bala nahIM diyA jitanA Arambhake avayavoM para diyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki mANikyanandi se pUrva inapara vivecana prApta nahIM hotaa| isase hama yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki paMcAvayavakI mAnyatA mukhyatayA naiyAyikoM tathA vaizeSikoM ko hai aura vaha vAda tathA zAstra kSetra meM samAna rUpase svIkRta hai / para jaina vicArakoMne vAdameM tIna yA do tathA zAstra meM tIna, cAra aura pA~ca avayavoMkA samarthana karake unheM do ( vAda tathA zAstra ) kSetroM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / ataeva antima do yA tIna avayavoMko vAdApekSayA svIkAra na karane para bhI zAstrakI apekSAse unakA jaina tarka granthoMmeM svarUpa nirUpita hai| ( 6-10 ) paMca zuddhiyA~ : bhadrabAhune' ukta pratijJAdi pA~ca avayavoMke atirikta unako pA~ca zuddhiyA~ 1. prameyaka0 mA0 3 / 51, pR0 377 / 2. pratijJAyA upasaMhAraH sAdhyadharmaviziSTatvena pradarzanaM nigamanam / - prameyara0 mA0 3 / 47, pR0 173 | 3. pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 48, pR0569 / 4. pra0 mI0 2 / 1 / 15, pR0 53 / 5. sAdhanAnuvAdapurassaraM sAdhyaniyamavacanaM nigamanam / tasmAdagnimAneveti / - nyA0 dI0 pR0 111 / 6. pakSatAvacchedakAvacchinnavizeSyatA nirUpitahetujJAnavyApyatvaviziSTasAdhyatAvacchedakAvacchinnaprakAratAzAlibodhajanakavAkyatvaM nigamanatvamityarthaH / - prameya ratnAlaM0 3 / 51, pR0 121 / 7. prameyara0 mA0 3 / 47, pR0 173 | 8. parIkSAmu0 3 | 46 / pra0 na0 ta0 3 | 42 / 6. dazavai0 ni0 gA0 49, 50 /

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bhavaSava-vimarza: 180 bhI pratipAdita kI hai aura isa prakAra unhoMne adhika-se-adhika daza avayavoMkA kathana kiyA hai| ve isa prakAra haiM :-1. pratijJA, 2. pratijJAzuddhi, 3. hetu, 4. hetuzuddhi, 5. dRSTAnta, 6. dRSTAntazuddhi, 7. upasaMhAra, 8. upasaMhArazuddhi, 6. nigamana aura 10. nigamanazuddhi / devasUri', hemacandra2, aura yazovijayane bhI ukta dazAvayavoMkA samarthana kiyA hai| ina tAkikoMkA mantavya hai ki jisa pratipAdyako pratijJAdi paMcAvayavoMke svarUpameM zaMkA ho yA unameM pakSAbhAsAdi doSoMkI sambhAvanA ho to usa pratipAdyako unake parihArake lie ukta pratijJAzuddhi Adi pAMca zuddhiyoMkA bhI prayoga kiyA jAnA caahie| ullekhanIya hai ki bhadrabAhune eka dUsare prakArase bhI dazAvayavoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| unake nAma haiM-1. pratijJA, 2. pratijJAvibhakti, 3. hetu, 4.hetuvibhakti, 5. vipakSa, 6. vipakSa-pratiSedha, 7. dRSTAnta, 8. AzaMkA, 9. AzaMkApratiSedha aura 10. nigamana / para ina daza avayavoMkA devasUri Adi kisI bhI uttaravartI jaina tArkikane anugamana nahIM kiyA aura na unakA ullekha kiyA hai| dhyAna rahe ki ye donoM dazAvayavoMkI mAnyatAe~ zvetAmbara paramparAmeM svIkRta haiN| digambara paramparAke tAkikoMne unheM prazraya nahIM diyaa| isake kAraNa para vicAra karate hue paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavIne likhA hai ki 'isa taphAvatakA kAraNa digambara paramparAke dvArA zvetAmbara Agama-sAhityakA parityAga jAna par3atA hai|' hamArA adhyayana hai ki digambara paramparAke tAkikoMne apane tarkagranthoMmeM nyAya aura vaizeSika paramparAke paMcAvayavoM para hI cintana kiyA hai, kyoMki ve hI sabase adhika lokaprasiddha, carcita aura sAmAnya the| yahI kAraNa hai ki vAtsyAyana dvArA samIkSita aura yuktidIpikAkAra dvArA pratipAdita jijJAsAdi dazAvayavoMkI bhI unhoMne koI anukUla yA pratikUla carcA nahIM kii| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jisa prakAra vAtsyAyanane pAMcoM avayavoMkA prayojana batalAte hue hetu aura udAharaNakI parizuddhikA jikra kiyA hai, jisakA Azaya yaha hai ki dRSTAntagata sAdhya-sAdhanadharmomeM sAdhyasAdhanabhAva vyavasthita ho jAne para sAdhanabhUta dharmako hetu banAnese vaha anumeyakA avyabhicArI hotA hai| tAtparya yaha ki vAtsyAyanane nirdoSa hetu aura udAharaNake prayoga dvArA hI pakSAdi doSaparihAra ho jAnekA pratipAdana kiyA hai| 1. pra0 na0 ta0 syA. ratnA0 1142, pR0 565 / 2. pra0 mI0 svo0 vR0 2 / 1215, pR0 53 / 3. jainatarkamA0 pR0 16 / 4. dazave0 ni0 gA0 137 / 5. pra0 mI0mA0Ti0 pRSTha 95 / 6. nyA0 bhA0 121239, pR054 /

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188 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna - vicAra usI taraha digambara jaina tArkikoMne bho pakSAdi doSoMkA parihAra sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hetu prayoga aura pratyakSAdyaviruddha pakSa ( sAdhya ) ke prayoga dvArA hI ho jAnese unheM svIkAra nahIM kiyA / dhyAtavya hai ki hemacandrane' svArthAnumAna ke prakaraNa meM sAdhana, pakSa aura dRSTAnta kA tathA parArthAnumAnake nirUpaNAvasarapara pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamanakA kathana kiyA hai / pratIta hotA hai ki unakA yaha pratipAdana jJAnAtmaka svArthAnumAna evaM parArthAnumAnake aGgoM aura zabdAtmaka parArthAnumAna ke avayavoMke vibhAjanako dRSTise huA hai / para mANikyanandi aura unake anugAmI prabhAcandra, anantavIrya 4, devasUri" Adine aisA pRthaka nirUpaNa nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne mAtra sAmAnya anumAnake avayavoMkA kathana kiyA hai, zabdAtmaka parArthAnumAnake pA~ca avayavoMkA nahIM / ise AcAryoMkI eka vivakSAdhIna nirUpaNa-paddhati hI samajhanA cAhie / 1. pra0 mI0 112 10, 13, 20-23, 2 1 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 / 2. parIkSAgu0 3 / 37 / 3. prameyaka0 mA0 3 / 37, 3 / 52 kA utthAnikA vAkya pR0 377 / 4. prameyara0 mA0 3 / 33, pR0 165 tathA 3 / 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 aura 48 kI utthAni0 / 5. pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 28, 43-48 |

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dvitIya pariccheda hetu-vimarza 1. hetu - svarUpa : anumAnakA pradhAna AdhAra stambha hetu hai / usake binA anumAnako kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI / ataeva anumAnasvarUpa aura avayava-vimarza ke prasaGga meM hetuke prayogakA vicAra karate hue usake svarUpapara bhI yatkiMcit likhA gayA hai / yahA~ usakA kucha vistArase vicAra prastuta hai / sAdhAraNatayA AmamAnyatA hai ki hetukA svarUpa trilakSaNa athavA paMcalakSaNa hai / parantu adhyayana se avagata hotA hai ki hetukA svarUpa trilakSaNa athavA paMcalakSaNa hI dArzanikoMne nahIM mAnA, apitu ekalakSaNa, dvilakSaNa, caturlakSaNa, SaDlakSaNa aura saptalakSaNa bhI unhoMne svIkAra kiyA hai / akSapAdane' udAharaNasAdRzya tathA udAharaNavaisAdRzyase sAdhyadharmako siddha karanevAle sAdhanavacanako hetu kahA hai / isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue vAtsyAyanane likhA hai ki sAdhya ( pakSa ) aura sAdharmya udAharaNa ( sapakSa ) meM dharma ( sAdhana ) ke sadbhAva tathA vaidharmya udAharaNa ( vipakSa ) meM usake asadbhAvakA pratisandhAna kara sAdhyako siddha karanevAlA sAdhanatAkA vacana hetu hai / jaise - ' zabda anitya hai' isa pratijJAko siddha karane ke lie 'utpatti dharmavAlA honese' aise vacanakA prayoga karanA / jo utpattidharmavAlA hotA hai vaha anitya dekhA gayA hai| jo utpanna nahIM hotA vaha nitya hotA hai-yathA AtmAdi dravya / udyotakarane bhASyakAra donoMkA vistArapUrvaka samarthana kiyA hai / nyAyasUtrakAra aura 1. udAharaNasAdharmyAtsAdhyasAdhanaM hetuH / tathA vaidharmyAt / nyAyasU0 115 34, 35 / 2. sAdhye pratisandhAya dharmamudAharaNe ca pratisandhAya tasya sAdhanatAvacanaM hetu : .. 'utpattidharmakatvAt' iti / utpattidharmakamanityaM dRSTamiti / udAharaNavaidharmyAcca sAdhyasAdhanaM hetuH / katham ? anityaH zabdaH utpattidharmakatvAt, anutpattidharmakaM nityam yathA AtmAdidravyam / .. - nyAyabhA0 1|1|34, 35, pR0 48, 49 / 3. nyAyavA0 1|1|34, 35 pR0 118-134 /

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190 : jaina tarkazAbameM anumAna-vicAra dvilakSaNa : vilakSaNa akSapAda aura unake vyAkhyAtA vAtsyAyana tathA udyotakarake uparyukta hetulakSaNa-vivecanapara dhyAna denese pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne hetuko dvilakSaNa aura trilakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai / udyotakara' nyAyasUtrakAra aura nyAyabhASyakArake abhiprAyakA udghATana karate hue kahate haiM ki pratisandhAnakA artha hai sAdhyameM vyApakatva aura udAharaNameM sambhava (sttv)| aura isa prakAra hetu dvilakSaNa tathA vilakSaNa prApta hotA hai / jaba kahA jAtA hai ki udAharaNake sAtha hI sAdharmya ho to vipakSako svIkAra na karanese dvilakSaNa hetu kathita hotA hai / aura jaba vipakSako aMgIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to yaha phalita hotA hai ki udAharaNake sAtha hI sAdharmya ho, anudAharaNake sAtha nhiiN| tAtparya yaha ki hetuko sAdhya ( pakSa ) meM vyApaka, udAharaNa ( sapakSa ) maiM vidyamAna aura anudAharaNa ( vipakSa) meM avidyamAna honA cAhie / aura isa prakAra vilakSaNa hetu abhihita hotA hai| udyotakarane eka anya sthalapara bhI sUtrakArake anumAnasUtragata 'trividham' kA vyakhyAntara dete hue liGga (hetu ) ko prasiddha, sat aura asandigdha kahakara prasiddhase pakSameM vyApaka, satse sajAtIyameM rahanevAlA aura asandigdhase sajAtIyAvinAbhAvi ( vipakSavyAvRtta ) batalAyA hai aura isa taraha hetuko trilakSaNa athavA trirUpa prakaTa kiyA hai / isase jAna par3atA hai ki nyAyaparamparAmeM ArambhameM hetuko dvilakSaNa aura vilakSaNa mAnA gayA hai| prazastapAdane kAzyapakI do kArikAoMko uddhata kiyA hai, jinameM liMga aura aliMgakA svarUpa dete hue kahA gayA hai ki liMga vaha hai jo anumeyase sambaddha hai, anumeyase anvitameM prasiddha hai aura anumeyAbhAvameM nahIM rahatA hai / aisA liMga anu 1 so'yaM hetuH sAdhyodAharaNAbhyAM pratisaMhitaH / ki punarasya pratisandhAnam ? sAdhye vyApa katvaM udAharaNe ca sambhavaH / evaM dvilakSaNastrilakSaNazca heturlbhyte| udAharaNanaiva sAdharmyamityevaM truvatA'nabhyupagatavipakSasyApyudAharaNenaiva sAdharmyamiti dvilakSaNo'pi heturbhavatAtyuktam / yadA punavipakSamamyupaiti tadA'pyudAharaNenaiva sAdharmya nAnudAharaNeneti trilakSaNo haturityuktaM bhavati / -nyAyavA0 1 / 1 / 34; pR0 116 / 2. athavA trividhamiti liGgasya prsiddhsdsndigdhtaamaah| prasiddhamiti pakSe vyApakaM, saditi sajAtoye'sti, asandigdhamiti sajAtoyAvinAbhAvi / -nyAyavA0 11115, pR0 49 / 3. yadanumeyena sambaddhaM prasiddhaM ca tadanvite / tadbhAve ca nAstyeva talliMgamanumApakam / viparItamato yatsyAdekena dvitayena vaa| viruddhAsiddhasandigdhamaliMgaM kAzyapo'bravIta // -praza0 bhA0 pR.100|

Page #218
hetu-vimarza : 191 maikA anumApaka hotA hai| isase viparIta aliMga ( liGgAbhAsa ) hai / yahA~ 'anumeyase sambaddhakA pakSadharma, 'anumeyase anvita meM prasiddha' kA sapakSa meM vidyamAna aura 'anumeyAbhAvameM nahIM rahatA hai' kA vipakSa meM avidyamAna artha hai / kAzyapake isa pratipAdanase avagata hotA hai ki unheM hetu trirUpa abhimata hai / udyotakarane' nyAyavArtikameM eka sthalapara 'kAzyapIyam' zabdoMke sAtha kaNAdakA saMzayalakSaNavAlA 'sAmAnyapratyakSAt'' Adi sUtra uddhRta kiyA hai / udyotakarakA yaha ullekha yadi abhrAnta hai to yaha kahane meM koI saMkoca nahIM ki kAzyapa kaNAdakA hI nAmAntara thA, jinhoMne vaizeSikadarzanakA praNayana evaM pravartana kiyA hai / aura taba hetuko trirUpa mAnanekA siddhAnta kaNAdakA hai aura vaha akSapAdase bhI pUrvavartI hai, yaha dRr3hatApUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai / prazastapAdane kaNAdakA samarthana karate hue usakA vizadIkaraNa kiyA hai / sAMkhya vidvAna mATharane bhI hetuko trirUpa batalAyA hai / bauddha tArkika nyAyapravezakArane " bhI hetuko trirUpa pratipAdana kiyA, jisakA anusaraNa dharmakIrti prabhRti sabhI bauddha vicArakoMne kiyA hai / - isa prakAra naiyAyikoM, vaizeSikoM, sAMkhyoM aura bauddhoM dvArA hetukA lakSaNa rUpya mAnA gayA hai / yadyapi hetukA rUpya lakSaNa bauddhoMkI ho mAnyatAke rUpameM prasiddha hai, naiyAyikoM, vaizeSikoM aura sAMkhyoMkI mAnyatA ke rUpameM nahIM / isakA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki rUpya aura hetuke sambandha meM jitanA sUkSma evaM vistRta vicAra bauddhatArkikoMne kiyA tathA hetuvArtika, hetu bindu jaise tadviSayaka svatantra granthoMkA praNayana kiyA, utanA anya vidvAnoMne na vicAra hI kiyA aura na koI usa viSayakI svataMtra kRtiyoMkA nirmANa kiyA; para uparyukta anuzIlanase prakaTa hai ki hetuke rUpyasvarUpakI mAnyatA vaizeSikoM, Adya naiyAyikoM aura saMkhyoMkI bhI rahI hai aura 1. nyAyavA0 pR0 96 / 2. vaizeSikasU0 22 / 17 / 3. yadanumeyenArthena***sahacaritamanumeyadharmAnvite cAnyatra prasiddhamanumeyaviparIte ca pramANato'sadeva tadaprasiddhArthasyAnumApakaM ligaM bhavatIti / -- - praza0 bhA0 pR0 100, 101 4. sAkhyakA0 mATharavR0 kA0 5 / 5. hetustrirUpa : / kiM punastrairUpyam ? pakSadharmatvam, sapakSe satvam, vipakSe cAsatvamiti / -nyAyapra0 pR0 1 / 6. nyAyavi0 pR0 22, 23 / hetuvi0 pR0 52 / tattvasaM0 kA0 1362 Adi / 7. nyAyavA0 pR0 128 para ullikhita /

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192 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra vaha bauddhoMkI apekSA prAyaH prAcIna hai| bauddhoMko trirUpa hetukI mAnyatA sambhavataH vasubandhu aura diDnAgase Arambha huI hai| caturlakSaNa : paMcalakSaNa : naiyAyikoMkI dvilakSaNa aura trilakSaNa hetukI do mAnyatAoMkA Upara nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / udyotakara aura vAcaspati mizrake' ullekhoMse jJAta hotA hai ki nyAyaparamparAmeM caturlakSaNa aura paMcalakSaNa hetukI bhI mAnyatAe~ svIkRta huI haiN| vAcaspatine spaSTa likhA hai ki do hetu ( kevalAnvayI aura kevalavyatirekI) caturlakSaNa haiM tathA eka hetu ( anvayavyatirekI ) paMcalakSaNa / jayantabhaTTakA mata hai ki hetu paMcalakSaNa hI hotA hai, apaMcalakSaNa nhiiN| ataeva ve kevalAnvayIko hetu hI nahIM mAnate / zaMkara mizrane hetukI gamakatAmeM jitane rUpa prayojaka evaM upayogI hoM utane rUpoMko hetulakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai aura isa taraha unhoMne anvayavyatireko hetumeM pAMca aura kevalAnvayI tathA kevalavyatirekI hetuoMmeM cAra hI rUpa gamakatopayogI batalAye haiM / ukta pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva aura vipakSAsattvameM abAdhitaviSayatvako milAkara cAra tathA ina cArameM asatpratipakSatvako sammilita karake pAMca rUpa svIkAra kiye gaye haiM / jayantabhaTTakA mata hai ki gautamane pAMca hetvAbhAsoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, ataH unake nirAsArtha hetuke pAMca rUpa mAnya hai / vaizeSika aura bauddhoMne bhI hetuke tIna rUpoMke svIkArakA prayojana apane abhimata tIna hetvAbhAsoM ( asiddha, viruddha aura sandigdha ) kA nirAkaraNa batalAyA hai| yahA~ vAcaspati aura jayantabhaTTakI' eka nayI bAta ullekhanIya hai / unhoMne jaina tAkikoM dvArA abhimata hetuke ekalakSaNa avinAbhAvake mahattva evaM anivAryatAko 1. vAcaspatimizra, nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 121135, pR0 289 / tathA pR0 189 / 2. cazabdAt pratyakSAgamAviruddhaM caityevaM caturlakSaNaM paMcalakSaNamanumAnamiti / -nyAyavA0 11115, pR0 46 / 3. tatra caturlakSaNaM dvayam / eka paMcalakSaNamiti / -nyAya0 tA0 TI0 11115, pR0 174 / 4. kevalAnvayI heturnAstyeva apaMcalakSaNasya hetutvAbhAvAt / -nyAyakali0 pR0 97 / 5. vaizeSi0 upa0 pR0 17 / 6. jayantabhadR, nyAyakali0 pRSTha0 14 / 7. vaizeSi0 sU0 3 / 1 / 15 / praza0 mA0 pR0 100 / 8. nyAyapra0 pR03 / pramANavA0 1 / 17 / / 9. yadyapyavinAbhAvaH paMcasu caturSa vA liMgasya samApyate ityavinAbhAvenaiva sarvANi liMga rUpANi saMgRhyante, tathApIha prasiddhasacchabdAbhyAM dvayoH saMgrahe govalovardanyAyena tatparityajya vipakSavyatirekAsatpratipakSatvAbAyitaviSayatvAni saMgRhAti / -nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 11115, pR0 178 / 10. eteSu paMcalakSaNoSu avinAbhAvaH samApyate / -nyAyakali0 2 /

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hetu-vimarza : 115 svIkAra kara use paMcalakSaNoMmeM samApta mAnA hai / arthAt use paMcalakSaNarUpa prakaTa kiyA hai| vAcaspati to yaha bhI kahate haiM ki eka avinAbhAvake dvArA hI hetuke pAMcoM rUpoMkA saMgraha ho jAtA hai / unake isa kathanase avinAbhAvakA mahattva spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| para ve use to tyAga dete haiM, kintu paMcalakSaNa yA cAra lakSaNavAlI apanI nyAyaparamparAke mohako nahIM chor3a sake / isa adhyayanase spaSTa hai ki nyAyaparamparAmeM hetusvarUpakI dvilakSaNa, trilakSaNa, caturlakSaNa aura paMca lakSaNa ye cAra mAnyatAeM rahI haiN| unakA koI eka nizcita pakSa rahA ho, aisA jJAta nahIM hotaa| para hAM, pAMcarUpya hetulakSaNa uttarakAlameM adhika mAnya huA aura usIkI mImAMsA anya tAkikoMne kI hai| mImAMsaka vidvAn zAlikAnAthane' trilakSaNa hetukA nirdeza kiyA hai / para unake vilakSaNa anya dArzanikoMke trilakSaNoMse bhinna haiM aura ve isa prakAra hai-(1) niyatasambandhakadarzana, ( 2 ) sambandhaniyamasmaraNa aura ( 3 ) abaadhitvissytv| SaDalakSaNa : 'dharmakItine hetubindumeM naiyAyikoM aura mImAMsakoMkI kisI mAnyatAke AdhArapara hetuke SaDlakSaNakA nirdeza kiyA hai| ina SaDlakSaNoMmeM-(1) pakSadharmatva, (2) sapakSasattva, ( 3 ) vipakSAsattva, ( 4 ) abAdhitaviSayatva, (5) vivakSitaikasaMkhyatva aura (6) jJAtatva ye chaha rUpa haiM / yadyapi yaha SaDlakSaNa hetukI mAnyatA na naiyAyikoMke yahA~ upalabdha hotI hai aura na mImAMsakoMke yahA~ / phira bhI sambhava hai kisI naiyAyika aura mImAMsakakA hetuko SaDlakSaNa mAnanekA pakSa rahA ho aura usokA ullekha dharmakIti tathA unake TIkAkAra ajraTane kiyA ho| hamArA vicAra hai ki prAcIna naiyAyikoMne jo jJAyamAna liGgako aura bhATTamImAMsakoMne jJAtatAko anumitimeM karaNa kahA hai aura jisakA ullekha karake samAlocana vizvanAtha paMcAnanane kiyA hai, sambhava hai dharmakIrti aura arcaTane usIkA nirdeza kiyA hai| 1. tasmAtpUrNamidamanumAnakAraNapasgiNanam-niyatasambandhaikadarzanaM sambandhaniyamasmaraNaM cAbAdhakatvaM cAbAdhitadhiSayatvaM ceti / -prakara0 paMci0 pR0 212 / 2. ( ka ) SaDlakSaNo heturitypre| trINi caitAni abAdhitaviSayatvaM vivakSitaikasaMkhyatvaM zAtatvaM ca / -hetubi0 pR068| ( kha ) SaDlakSaNo heturityapare naiyAyikabhImAsakAdayo mnynte...| -arcaTa, hetuvi0 TI0 pR0 205 / 3. (ka) prAcInAstu vyApyatvena zAyamAnaM liMgamanumitikaraNamiti vadanti / -siddhAntamu0 kA0 67, pR0 50 / ( kha ) bhAdAnA mate jJAnamatIndriyam / zAnajanyA zAtatA tayA zanamanumIyate / -vahI, pR0 119 / . 25

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194 : jaiga takazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra saptalakSaNa : jaina tArkika vAdirAjane' nyAyavinizcayavivaraNameM hetukI eka saptalakSaNa mAnyatAkA bhI sUcana karake usakI samIkSA kI hai| unake anusAra saptalakSaNa isa prakAra hai-(1) anyathAnupapannatva, (2) jJAtatva, ( 3 ) abAdhitaviSayatva, ( 4 ) asatpratipakSatva aura (5-7) pakSadharmatvAdi tIna / para yaha mAnyatA kisakI hai, yaha unhoMne nahIM batalAyA aura na anya sAdhanoMse jJAta ho skaa| jaina tAkikoM dvArA svIkRta hetukA ekalakSaNa : anya lakSaNa-samIkSA : jaina vicArakoMne hetukA svarUpa ekalakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai, jo avinAbhAva yA anyathAnupapattirUpa hai aura jisakI mImAMsA udyotakara ( I0 600 ) tathA zAntarakSita( I0 705-763 ) ne kI hai| usakA mUla svAmI samantabhadrako AptamImAMsAgata 'avirodhataH'4 padameM sannihita hai| unake vyAkhyAkAra akalaGkadevane use 'ekalakSaNa' hetukA pratipAdaka kahA hai| vidyAnandane bhI use hetulakSaNa-prakAzaka batalAyA hai| samantabhadrake pazcAt pAtrasvAmInaM spaSTatayA hetukA lakSaNa ekamAtra 'anyathAnupapannatva' ( avinAbhAva ) pratipAdita kiyA aura rUpyako samIkSA kI hai, jisakA vistRta uddharaNa pAtrasvAmIke matake rUpameM zAntarakSitane tattvasaMgrahameM upa 1. anyathAnupapannatvAdibhizcaturbhiH pakSadharmatvAdibhizca saptalakSaNo heturiti trayeNeti kim -nyAyavi0 vi0 2 / 155, pR0 178-180 / 2. ( ka ) etena tAdRgavinAbhAvidharmopadarzanaM heturiti pratyuktam / -nyAyavA0 115, pR0 55 / (kha ) tAdRgavinAbhAvidharmopadarzanaM heturityapare tAdRzA vinA na bhavati / -vahI, 111135, pR0 131 / 3. tatvasaM0 kA0 1364.1376 / 4. sadharmaNaiva sAdhyasya sAdhAdavirodhataH / -AptamI0 kA0 106 / 5. sapakSeNaiva sAdhyasya sAdhAdityanena hetostralakSaNyam, avirodhAdityanyathAnupapati ca darzayatA kevalasya trilakSaNasyAsAdhanatvamuktaM tatputratvAdivat / ekalakSaNasya tu gamakatvaM .."iti bahulamanyathAnupapattereva samAzrayaNAt / -aSTaza0 aSTasa0 pR0 289, A0 mI0 kA0 106 / 6. bhagavanto hi hetulakSaNameva prakAzayanti / -baSTasa0 pR0 289, mA0 mI0 kA0 106 / 7. tatvasaM0 kA0 1364-1376 /

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hetu-vimarza : 15 labdha hai| AcArya anantavIryake' ullekhAnusAra pAtrasvAmIne 'anyathAnupapannatva' ko hetulakSaNa siddha karane aura rUpyako nirasta karaneke lie 'vilakSaNakadarthana' nAmaka mahattvapUrNa tarkagrantha racA thA, jo Aja anupalabdha hai aura jisake astitva. kA mAtra ullekha milatA hai| pAtrasvAmoke ukta hetulakSaNako paravartI siddhasena', akalaGka kumAranandi , vIrasena", vidyAnanda Adi jaina tAkikoMne anusata evaM vistRta kiyA hai| pAtrastrAmIkA mantavya hai ki jisameM anyathAnupapannatva ( anyathA-sAdhyake abhAvameM anupapanatva nahIM honA, avinAbhAva ) hai vaha hetu hai, usameM rUpya rahe, cAhe na rahe, tathA jisameM anyathAnupapannatva nahIM hai vaha hetu nahIM hai usameM rUpya rahanepara bhI vaha bekAra hai| ina donoM ( anyathAnupanatvake sadbhAva aura asadbhAva ) sthaloMke yahA~ do udAharaNa prastuta hai (1) eka muhartake bAda zakaTa nakSatrakA udaya hogA, kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya hai| isa sad-anumAnameM kRttikodaya hetu rohiNI nAmaka pakSameM nahIM rahatA, ataH pakSadharmatva nahIM hai| para kRttikodayakA zakaTodaya sAdhyake sAtha anyathAnupapannatva honeke kAraNa vaha gamaka hai aura saddhetu hai / (2) garmastha maitrIputra zyAma hogA, kyoMki vaha maitrIkA putra hai, anya putroMkI taraha / isa asad anumAnameM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva aura vipakSAsattva tInoM haiN| parantu tatputratvakA zyAmatvake sAtha avinAbhAva nahIM hai aura isalie tatputratva hetu zyAmatvakA gamaka nahIM hai aura na sahetu hai / phalataH sarvatra hetuoMmeM anyathAnupapannatvake sadbhAvase gamakatA aura asadbhAvase agamakatA hai / pAtrasvAmIke isa matako yahAM tattvasaMgrahase uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai anyathetyAdinA pAtrasvAmimatamAzaMkateanyathAnupapannatve nanu dRSTA suhetut|| nAsati tryaMzakasyApi tasmAraklIvAstrilakSaNAH // anyathAnupapannavaM yasyAsau heturiSyate / ekalakSaNakaH so'thazcatulakSaNako na vA // 1. anantavIrya, siddhivi0 62, pRSTha 371-372 / 2. nyAyAva0 kA0 21 / 3. nyAyavi0 kA 2 / 154, 155, pR0 177 / 4. pramANapa0 pR0 72 meM vidyAnandadvArA uddhRta kumAranandikA 'anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM' -vaaky| 5. SaTkha0 TI0 dhavalA 555, pR0 280 tathA 5.543, pR0 245 / 6. pramANapa0 pR. 72 / ta0 zloka mA0 11133193, pR0 205 /

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196 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim // tenaikalakSaNo hetuH prAdhAnyAd gamako'stu naH / pakSadharmasvAdibhissvanyaiH kiM vyarthaH parikalpitaiH // ' utthAnikAvAkya sahita ina kArikAoMse vidita hai ki pAtrasvAmIne hetukA lakSaNa anyathAnupapannatva mAnA hai / kamAranandi bhaTTArakane bhI anyathAnupapattirUpa ekalakSaNako hI liMgakA svarUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| siddhasenane anyathAnupapannatvako hetulakSaNa mAnanekI jaina takikoMkI prasiddhiko batalAte hue use hI hetulakSaNa aMgIkAra kiyA hai| vizeSa yaha ki unhoMne hetuko sAdhyAvinAbhAvI kahakara avinAbhAvako anyathAnupapannatvakA paryAya prakaTa kiyA hai, jisakA utlekha samantabhadra" pahale hI kara cuke the| akalaMkane sUkSma aura vistRta vicAraNAdvArA pAtrasvAmIke ukta hetulakSaNako puSTa kiyA hai / nyAyavinizcaya aura pramANasaMgrahameM 'prakRtAbhAve'nupapannaM sAdhanaM' arthAt jo sAdhyake abhAvameM na ho vaha sAdhana hai| aura laghoyastrayameM liMgAssAdhyAvinAbhAvAminibodhaikalakSaNAt' arthAt sAdhyake sAtha jisakA avinAbhAva nizcita hai vaha liMga hai, yaha kaha kara unhoMne anyathAnupapannatva athavA avinAbhAvako hI hetulakSaNa samarthita kiyA hai / nyAyavinizcayameM eka sthalapara pAtrasvAmIko 'anyathA 1. tattvasaM kA0 1364, 1365, 1366, 1376, pR0 405-407 / 2. anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM liMgamaMgyate / -uddhRta, pramANapa0 pR. 72 / 3. anyathAnupapannatvaM hetArlakSaNamIritam / -nyAyAva0 kA022 / 4. sAdhyAvinAbhuvo hetoH| -vahI, kA0 13 / sAdhyAvinAmuvo liNgaat| -vahI, kA0 5 / 5. AptamI kA0 17.18.75 / 6. nyAyavi0 kA0 323 / 7. nyAyavi0 kA0 269, akalaMkagra0 pR0 66 / 8. pra0 saM0 kA0 21, akalaMkagra0 pR0 102 / 9. (ka) laghIya0 kA0 12, akalaMkagra0 pR0 5 / (kha ) sAdhyArthAsambhavAbhAvaniyamanizyayaikalakSaNo hetuH| -pramANasaM0 svo0 vR0 kA0 21, akalaMkagra0 pR0 102 / (ga ) trilakSaNayoge'pi pradhAnamekalakSaNaM tatraiva saadhnsaamrthyprinisstthiteH| tadeva pratibandhaH pUrvadItasaMyogyAdisakalahetupratiSThApakam / -aSTaza0 aSTasa0 pR0 286, A0 mI0 kA0 106 / 10, nyA0 vi0 kA0 323 /

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detu-vimarza : 190 nupapannatvaM' kArikAko usakI 323 vI kArikAke rUpameM prastuta karake use granthakA hI aMga banA liyA hai / jahAM anyathAnupannasba nahIM hai unheM ve' hetvAbhAsa batalAte haiM aura isa taraha parakalpita svabhAvAdi, vItAdi, saMyogyAdi aura pUrvavadAdi hetuoMko unhoMne anyathAnupapannatvake sadbhAvameM hetu aura asadbhAvameM hetvAbhAsa ghoSita kiyA hai / tAtparya yaha ki akalaMka bhI anyathAnupapannatva athavA avinAbhAvako hetukA pradhAna aura ekalakSaNa mAnate haiN| tathA trilakSaNoMko usake binA anupayogI, vyartha aura akiMcitkara pratipAdana karate haiN|' dharmakIrtine bhI yadyapi avinAbhAvako svIkAra kiyA hai, para ve use ukta pakSadharmatvAdi tIna rUpoM tathA svabhAva, kArya aura anupalabdhi ina tIna hetubhedoMmeM hI sImita pratipAdita karate haiN| akalaMkane unake isa matako AlocanA karate hue kahA hai ki kitane hI hetu aise haiM jinameM na pakSadharmatvAdi hai aura na ve ukta tIna hetuoMke antargata haiM / para unameM avinAbhAva pAyA jAtA hai / yathA -- (1) muhUrtAntameM zakaTakA udaya hogA, kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya hai / yahAM kRttikAkA udaya hetu pakSa-zakaTameM nahIM rahatA, ataH usameM pakSadharmatva nahIM hai| koI sapakSa na honese sapakSasattva bhI nahIM hai| isI prakAra kRttikAkA udaya zakaTodayakA na svabhAva hai aura na kArya / tathA upalambharUpa honese usake anupalambha honekA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / ataH kevala avinAbhAvake balase vaha apane uttaravartI zakaTodayakA gamaka hai| (2) kala prAtaH sUryakA udaya hogA, kyoMki Aja usakA udaya hai / yahA~ AjakA sUryodaya kalake prAtaHkAlIna sUrya meM nahIM rahatA, ataH pakSadharmatva 5. nyA0 vi0 kA0 343, akalaMkagra0 pR0 76 / 2. nyA0 vi0 kA0 370, 371, pR0 79 / 3. hetubi0 pR0 54 / 4. laghIya0 kA0 13, 14, nyAyavi0 kA0 338, 336 / 1. bhaviSyat pratipadyeta zakaTaM kRttikodayAt / zva Aditya udeteti grahaNaM vA bhaviSyati // -laghIya0 kA0 14 / 6. zakaTaM rohiNI dharmoM muhUrtAnte bhaviSyadudeSyaditi sAdhyadharmaH, kutaH ? kRtikodayAditi sAdhanam / na khalu kRttikodayaH zakaTodayasya kArya svabhAvo vA, kevalamavinAmAvabalAd gamayatyeva svottaram / -tathA zvaH prAtaH AdityaH sUryaH udetA udeSyati adyAdityodayAditi pratipadyeta / tathA zvo grahaNaM rAhuspoM bhaviSyati evaMvidhaphalakAMkAditi vA pratipadyeta sarvatrAvyabhicArAda / -abhayacandrasUri, laghIya0 tA0 vR0 pR0 33 /

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198 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna vicAra nahIM hai / isItaraha vaha prAtaHkAlIna sUryodayakA na svabhAva hai aura na kaary| mAtra avinAbhAvake kAraNa vaha gamaka hai| ( 3 ) grahaNa par3egA, kyoMki amuka phala hai / __ yahA~ bhI na pakSadharmatvAdi haiM aura na svAbhAvAdi hetu / kevala hetu svasAdhyakA avinAbhAvI honese usakA anumApaka hai| ataH hetukA rUpya aura vaividhyakA niyama nirdoSa nahIM hai / para avinAbhAva aisA vyApaka aura atyabhicArI lakSaNa hai jo samasta saddhetuoM meM pAyA jAtA hai tathA asaddhetuoMmeM nhiiN| isake atirikta usake dvArA samasta saddhetuoMkA saMgraha bhI ho jAtA hai| sambhavataH isIse akalaMkadevane pAtrasvAmIkI ukta 'anyathAnupapannatvaM' kArikAko apanAkara 'anyathAnupapannatva' ko hI hetukA avyabhicArI aura pradhAna lakSaNa kahA hai| apica', 'samasta padArtha kSaNika haiM, kyoMki ve sat haiM' isa anumAnameM prayukta 'sattva' hetuko sapakSasattvake abhAvameM bhI gamaka mAnA gayA hai| spaSTa hai ki sabako pakSa banA lene para sapakSakA abhAva honese sapakSasattva nahIM hai| ataeva avinAbhAva tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti sambandhoMse niyantrita nahIM hai, pratyuta ve avinAbhAvase niyantrita haiN| avinAbhAvakA niyAmaka kevala sahabhAvaniyama aura kramabhAvaniyama hai / sahabhAvaniyama kahIM tAdAtmyamUlaka hotA hai aura kahIM usake binA kevala sahabhAvamUlaka / isI taraha kramabhAvaniyama kahIM kAryakAraNabhAva (tadutpatti) mUlaka aura kahIM mAtra kramabhAvamUlaka hotA hai| udAharaNArtha pUrvacara', uttaracara, sahacara" Adi hetu haiM, jinameM na tAdAtmya hai aura na tadutpatti / para mAtra kramabhAvaniyama rahanese pUrvacara tathA uttaracara aura sahabhAvaniyama honese sahacara hetu gamaka haiN| vIrasenane bhI hetuko sAdhyAvinAbhAvI aura anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNase yukta 1. nyAyavi0 kA0 381, akalaMkagra0 pR0 80 / 2. parIkSAmu0 3316, 17, 18 / 3,4. siddhivi0 6 / 16, laghIya0 kA0 14 / 5. siddhivi0 6 / 15, nyAyavi0 kA0 338, 339 / a0 gra0, pR0 75 / 6. hetuH sAdhyAvinAbhAvi liMgaM anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNopalakSitaH / -SaTkha0 TI0 dhava0 5 / 5 / 50, pR0 287 / kiMlakkhaNaM ligaM ? aNNahANuvavattilakkhaNaM / pakSadharmatvaM sapakSe sattvaM vipakSe cAsattvamiti etasvibhilakSaNarupalakSitaM vastu kiM na liMgamiti cet, na, vyabhicArAt / tadyayA-pakvAnyAmraphalAnyekazAkhAprabhavatvAdupayuktAmraphalabat 'ityAdoni sAdhanAni vilakSaNAnyapi na sAdhyasiddhaye bhavanti / vizvamanekAntAtmakaM sattvAt, varddhate samudrazcandravRddhayanyathAnupapatteH- rASTrabhaMgaH rASTrAdhipatermaraNaM vA pratimArodanAnyathAnupapatteH ityAdIni sAdhanAni

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hetu-vimarza : 199 batalAyA hai| tathA pakSadharmatvAdiko hetulakSaNa mAnane meM ativyApti aura avyApti donoM doSa dikhAye haiM / jaise-(1) ye Amraphala pakva hai, kyoMki ekazAkhAprabhava haiM, upayukta Amraphalako taraha / ( 2 ) vaha zyAma hai, kyoMki usakA putra hai, anya putroMkI taraha / (3) vaha bhUmi samasthala hai, kyoMki bhUmi hai, samasthalarUpase prasiddha bhUbhAgako taraha / ( 4 ) vajra lohalekhya hai, kyoMki pArthiva hai, kASThakI taraha, ityAdi hetu vilakSaNa honepara bhI avinAbhAvake na honese sAdhyakI siddhi karane meM samartha nahIM haiN| isake viparIta aneka hetu aise haiM jo trilakSaNa nahIM hai para anyathAnupapattimAtrake sadbhAvase gamaka haiM / yathA-(1) vizva anekAntAtmaka hai, kyoMki vaha satsvarUpa hai| (2) samudra bar3hatA hai, kyoMki candrakI vRddhi anyathA nahIM ho sktii| ( 3 ) candrakAntamaNise jala jharatA hai, kyoMki candrodayakI upapatti anyathA nahIM bana sktii| ( 4 ) rohiNI udita hogI, kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya anyathA nahIM ho sakatA / ( 5 ) rAjA maranevAlA hai, kyoMki rAtrimeM indradhanuSako utpatti anyathA nahIM ho skto| ( 6 ) rASTrakA bhaMga yA rASTrapatikA maraNa hogA, kyoMki pratimAkA rudana anyathA nahIM ho sktaa| ityAdi hetuoMmeM pakSadharmatvAdi trarUpya nahIM hai phira bhI ve anyathAnupapannatvamAtrake balase sAdhyake sAdhaka haiM / ata: 'idamantareNa idamanupapannam'-'isake binA yaha nahIM ho sakatA' yahI eka lakSaNa liMgakA hai| apane isa nirUpaNakI puSTimeM vIrasenane pAtrasvAmIkA pUrvokta 'anyathAnupapannatvam' Adi zloka bhI pramANarUpameM prastuta kiyA hai| vidyAnandakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne anyathAnupapannatva athavA avinAbhAvako hetulakSaNa mAnaneke atirikta dharmakIrtike usa rUpyasamarthanakI bhI samIkSA kI hai jisameM dharmakI tine asiddhake nirAsake lie pakSadharmatva, viruddha ke vyavacchedake lie sapakSasattva aura anaikAntikake nirAkaraNake lie vipakSAsattvakI sArthakatA pradarzita kI hai| vidyAnandakA kahanA hai ki akele anyathAnupapattike sadbhAvase hI ukta tInoM doSoMkA parihAra ho jAtA hai / jo hetu asiddha, viruddha yA anaikAntika atrilakSaNAnyapi sAdhyasiddhaye prabhavanti / tataH idamantareNa idamanupapannamitIdameva lakSaNaM liMgasyeti / -SaT0 dhava0, 5/5643, pR0 245, 246 / 1. tatra sAdhanaM sAdhyAvinAmAvaniyamanizcayekalakSaNaM lakSaNAntarasya sAdhanAbhAse'pi bhAvAt / trilakSaNasya sAdhanasya sAdhanatvAnupapatteH, paMcAdilakSaNavat / -pramANapa0 pR0 70 / 2. hetostriSvapi rUpeSu nirNayastena varNitaH / asiddhabiparItArthavyabhicArivipakSataH / / -pramANavA0 1 / 17 / 3. pramANapa0 pR072 /

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200 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna- vicAra hogA usameM anyathAnupapatti rahatI hI nahIM - sAdhyake honepara hI honevAle aura sAdhya ke abhAva meM na honevAle sAdhanameM hI vaha pAyo jAtI hai| saca to yaha hai ki jo hetu anyathA upapanna hai yA sAdhyAbhAva ke sAtha hI rahatA hai yA sAdhyAbhAvameM bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai vaha anyathAnupapanna - sAdhyake honepara hI honevAlA aura sAdhyake abhAva meM na honevAlA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai| ataH eka anyathAnupapannatvalakSaNase hI jaba ukta tInoM doSoMkA parihAra sambhava hai taba unake vyavaccheda ke lie hetuke tIna lakSaNoMkA mAnanA vyarthakA vistAra hai / isa sandarbha meM vidyAnandane' udyotakara, vAcaspati aura jayantabhaTTadvArA svIkRta hetuke pA~ca rUpoMkI bhI mImAMsA karate hue pratipAdana kiyA hai ki avinAbhAvi hetu prayoga aura pratyakSAdya viruddha sAdhyake nirdezase hI ukta asiddhAdi tIna doSoMke sAtha bAdhitaviSaya aura satpratipakSa hetudoSoMkA bhI nirAsa ho jAtA hai / ataH unake nirAkaraNa ke lie pakSavyApakatva, anvaya, vyatireka, abAdhitaviSayatva aura asatpratipakSatva ina pA~ca heturUpoMko mAnanA vyartha aura anAvazyaka hai / hA~, unheM avinAbhAvaniyamakA prapaMca kahA jA sakatA hai| para Avazyaka aura upayogI ekamAtra avinAbhAva hI hai, jise unheM bhI mAnanA par3atA hai / yathArtha meM jo hetu bAdhitaviSaya yA satpratipakSa hogA, unameM avinAbhAva nahIM raha sakatA / ataH yadi asA - dhAraNa lakSaNa kahanA hai to anyathAnupapannatvako hI hetukA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa svIkAra karanA ucita evaM nyAyya hai / vidyAnandane pAtrasvAmI ke rUpyakhaNDanake anukaraNa para pA~carUpyake khaNDanake lie bhI adholikhita kArikAkA nirmANa kiyA haianyathAnupapannasvaM rUpaiH kiM paMcabhiH kRtam / nAnyathAnupapannatvaM rUpaiH kiM paMcabhiH kRtam // 2 jahA~ anyathAnupapannatva hai vahA~ pA~ca rUpoMkI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? aura jahA~ anyathAnupapannatva nahIM hai vahIM pAMca rUpa rahakara bhI kyA kara sakate haiM ? tAtparya yaha ki anyathAnupapannatvake abhAva meM pA~ca rUpa aprayojaka haiM / vidyAnandake uttaravartI vAdirAja bhI unakI taraha pA~carUpya hetukI samIkSA karate hue anyathAnupapattiko hI hetukA pradhAna lakSaNa pratipAdana karate haiM-- anyathAnupapattizcet pA~carUpyeNa kiM phalam / vinA'pi tena tanmAtrAt hetubhAvAvakalpanAt // nAnyathAnupapatizceta pA~carUpyeNa kiM phalam / satA'pi vyabhicArasya tenAzakyanirAkRteH // 1, pramANapa0 pR0 72 / 2. vahI, pR0 72 /

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hetu-vimarza : 201 anyathAnupapattizcet pA~carUpye'pi karUpyate / SArUpyAt paMcarUpatvaniyamo nAvatiSThate // pA~ca rUpayAtmikaiveyaM nAnyathAnupapacatA / pakSadharmatvAdyamAve'pi cAsyAH saravopapAdanAt // ' 'sahasra meM sau' ke nyAyAnusAra unakI rUpya samokSA isI pA~carUpya-samIkSA meM A jAnese usakA pRthak ullekha karanA anAvazyaka hai / isI pariprekSya meM vAdIbhasiMha kA bhI mantavya ullekhanIya hai / ve kahate haiM ki tathopapatti hI anyathAnupapatti hai / aura use hI hama antarvyApti mAnate tathA hetukA svarUpa svIkAra karate haiM / isa antarvyAptike balapara hI hetu sAdhyakA gamaka hotA hai, bahirvyApti yA sakalavyAptirUpa vairUpya yA pAMcAdirUpyake balapara nahIM / yahI kAraNa hai ki tatputratvAdi hetuoMmeM pakSadharmatvAdi rahanepara bhI antarvyApti ke abhAvase unameM gamakatA nahIM hai / aura kRttikodaya hetu pakSadharmatvarahita honepara bhI antarvyApti ke rahane se apane sAdhya zakaTodayakA prasAdhaka hotA hai / isI taraha 'advaitavAdIke bhI pramANa haiM, kyoMki vaha iSTakA sAdhana aura aniSTakA dUSaNa anyathA nahIM kara sakatA' isa anumAnameM hetu pakSameM nahIM rahatA phira bhI vaha sAdhyakA avinAbhAvI honese gamaka hai / isa prakAra vAdIbhasiMhane anyathAnupapattiko hI hetukA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA tathA rUpya evaM pAMcarUpaya Adiko avyApta aura ativyApta batalAyA hai / 4 mANikyanandikA bhI yahI vicAra hai / jisakA sAdhyAvinAbhAva nizcita hai use ve hetu kahate haiM / aura isa prakArakA hetu hI unake matase sAdhyakA gamaka hotA hai / unhoMne avinAbhAvakA niyAmaka bauddhoMkI taraha tadutpatti aura tAdAtmyako na batalA kara sahabhAvaniyama aura kramabhAvaniyamako batalAyA hai, kyoMki jinameM tadutpatti yA tAdAtmya nahIM hai unameM bhI kramabhAvaniyama athavA sahabhAvaniyamake rahane se avinAbhAva pratiSThita hotA hai aura usake balapara hetu sAdhyakA anumApaka hotA 26 1. nyAyavi0 vi0 2 / 174, pR0 210 | 2. tathopapattireveyamanyathAnupapannatA / sA ca hetoH svarUpaM tat hyantarvyAptizca viddhi naH // - syA0 si0 4-78, 79 / 3. kiM ca pakSAdidharmatve'pyantarvyApterabhAvataH / tatputratvAdihetUnAM gamakatvaM na dRzyate // pakSadharmatvahIno'pi ( gamakaH kRttiko ) daya: / antarvyAptirataH saiva gamakatvaprasAdhinI // pakSadharmatva-vaikalye'pyanyathAnupapattimAn / hetureva yathA santi pramANAnISTasAdhanAt // - bahI, 4 / 82, 83, 84, 87, 88 / 4. sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH / -pa0 mu0 3 / 15 /

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202 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna - vicAra haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa bharaNi aura kRttikodayameM na tadutpatti sambandha hai aura na tAdAtmya / para unameM kramabhAvaniyamake honese avinAbhAva hai aura usake vazase kRttikodaya hetu bharaNike udayarUpa sAdhyakA gamaka hotA hai| isI prakAra rUpa aura rasameM tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti donoM nahIM haiM / parantu unameM sahabhAvaniyamake sadbhAvase avinAbhAva hai tathA usake balase rasa rUpakA yA unnAma nAmakA aura arvAgbhAga parabhAgakA anumApaka hai / mANikyanandikI' yaha sahabhAva aura kramabhAva niyamako parikalpanA itanI saMgata, nirdoSa aura vyApaka hai ki samasta saddhetu ina donoMke dvArA saMgrahIta evaM kendrita ho jAte haiM aura asaddhetu nirasta, jabaki tAdAmya aura tadutpattidvArA pUrvacara, uttaracara, sahacara Adi hetuoMkA saMgraha nahIM hotA / prabhAcandra 2, anantavIrya, abhayadeva, devasUri", hemacandra, dharmabhUSaNa, yazovijaya, cArukIrti Adi tArkikoMne bhI rUpya aura pAMcarUpyakI mImAMsA karate hue anyathAnupapattiko hI hetukA asAdhAraNa evaM pradhAna lakSaNa batalAyA hai aura usIke dvArA trividha aura paMcavidha Adi hetvAbhAsoMkA nirAsa kiyA hai / jaba hetuko anyathAnupapanna kahA jAtA hai to vaha sAdhyake sAtha avazya sambaddha rahegA, usake binA vaha upapanna nahIM hogA aura na sAdhyAbhAva ke sAtha rahegA / isa taraha asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika ina tIna doSoMkA parihAra ho jAtA hai / tathA jaba zakya (abAdhita), iSTa aura aprasiddha sAdhya " kA nirdeza kiyA jAyagA, jo hetukA viSaya hotA hai, usase viparIta bAdhita, aniSTa aura prasiddharUpa sAdhyA 1. sahakramabhAvaniyamo'vinAbhAvaH / sahacAriNoH vyApyavyApakayozca sahabhAvaH / pUrvottaracAriNoH kAryakAraNayozca kramabhAvaH / - parIkSAmu0 3 / 16, 17, 18 / 2. prameyaka0 mA0 1 / 15 / 3. prameyara0 mA0 1 / 11 / pR0 142-144 / 4. sanmati0 TI0 / 5. pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 11, 12, 13 / 6. pra0 mI0 1 2 9,10 / 7. nyA0 dI0 pR0 83 / 8. jaina tarkabhA0 pR0 12 / 9. prameyaratnAlaM0 3 / 15 / 10. sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddhaM tato'param / sAdhyAbhAsaM viruddhAdi sAdhanAviSayatvataH / - akalaMka, nyA0 vi0 kA0 172 /

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hetu-vimarza : 20 // bhAsa nahIM, to hetu bAdhitaviSaya kese ho sakatA hai, jisake nirAsake lie hetukA abAdhitaviSayatva nAmaka caturtha rUpa kalpita kiyA jAe / saca to yaha hai ki avinAbhAvI hetumeM bAdhAko sambhAvanA hI nahIM hai, kyoMki bAdhA aura avinAbhAvameM virodha hai / ' pramANa-prasiddha avinAbhAvavAle hetukA samAnabalazAlI koI pratipakSI hetu bhI sambhava nahIM hai, ataH hetukA asatpratipakSatva nAmakA pAMcavA rUpa bho nirarthaka hai| hama Upara SaDlakSaNa hetukA nirdeza kara Aye haiM / unameM eka nayA rUpa jJAtatva hai, jisakA artha hai hetukA jJAta honaa| para use pRthaka rUpa mAnanA anAvavazyaka hai, kyoMki hetu jJAta hI nahIM, avinAbhAvI rUpase nizcita hokara hI sAdhyakA anumApaka hotA hai, anirNIta nahIM, yaha to hetuke lie Avazyaka aura prAthamika zarta hai / isI taraha vivakSitakasaMkhyatvakA kathana bhI, jo asatpratipakSatvarUpa hai, anAvazyaka hai kyoMki avinAbhAvI hetuke pratipakSI kisI dvitIya hetukI sambhAvanA ho nahIM hai jo prakRta hetukI vivakSita ekasaMkhyAkA vighaTana kara sake / tAtparya yaha ki vivakSitakasaMkhyatva asatpratipakSatvarUpa hai aura vaha uparyukta prakArase anAvazyaka hai| karNakagomine rohiNIke udayakA anumAna karAne vAle kRttikodaya hetumeM kAla yA AkAzako pakSa banA kara pakSadharmatva ghaTAnekA prayAsa kiyA hai| vidyA. nandane isako mImAMsA karate hue kahA hai ki isa taraha paramparAzrita pakSadharmatva siddha karanese to pRthivIko pakSa banA kara mahAnasagata dhUmase samudra meM bhI agni siddha karanemeM vaha pakSadharmatvarahita nahIM hogaa| vyabhicArI hetuoMmeM bhI kAla, AkAza aura pRthivI AdikI apekSA pakSadharmatva ghaTAyA jA sakegA / aura isa taraha koI vyabhicArI hetu apakSadharma na rhegaa| uparyukta adhyayanase prakaTa hai ki jaina cintakoMne dvilakSaNa,vilakSaNa, caturlakSaNa, paMcalakSaNa, SaDlakSaNa aura saptalakSaNako avyApta tathA ativyApta honese unheM hetukA svarUpa svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| pratyuta unakI vistRta samIkSA kI hai| unhoMne eka 1. hetubi0 pR0 68, hetuvi0 TI0 pR0 206 / 2. sAdhyAvinAmAvitvena nizcito hetuH / -parIkSAmu0 3 / 15 / 3. DA. mahendrakumAra jaina, siddhivi0 pra0 bhA0 prastA0 pR0 116 / 4. pra0 vA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 11 / / 5. vidyAnanda, pra. parI0 pR0 71 / ta0 zlo0 mA0 1613, pR0 201 /

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204 : jaina tarkazAsa meM anumAna-vicAra lakSaNa avinAbhAva yA anyathAnupapannatvako hI hetukA svarUpa mAnA hai / isake rahane para anya rUpa hoM yA na hoM vaha hetu hai, na rahanepara nhiiN|' 2. hetu-bheda : jaina tarkazAstrameM hetuke ArambhameM kitane bheda svIkRta haiM aura uttarakAlameM unameM kitanA vikAsa huA hai, isapara vicAra karanese parva ucita hogA ki bhAratIya darzanoMke hetubhedoMkA sarvekSaNa kara liyA jAya / hetubhedoMkA sarvekSaNa : kaNAdane apane vaizeSikasUtrameM hetuke pAMca bheda ginAye haiM-(1) kArya, (20) kAraNa, (3) saMyogI, ( 4 ) samavAyI aura ( 5) virodhii| unake vyAkhyAkAra prazastapAda itanA aura saMketa karate haiM ki ukta bheda nidarzanamAtra haiN| arthAt 'pAMca hI haiM' aisA avadhAraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki kaI hetu aise haiM jo na kArya hai na kAraNa, na saMyogI na samavAyI aura na virodhii| udAharaNArtha candrodayase vyavahita samudravRddhi evaM kumudavikAzakA va zaratkAlona jalaprasAdase agastyodayakA anumAna hotA hai / para ye hetu na ahetu ( hetvAbhAsa ) haiM aura na ukta kAryAdi hetuoMmeMse kisImeM antarbhUta haiN| ataH prazastapAda kaNAdake 'asyedaM' isa sUtravacanako sambandhamAtrakA bodhaka batalAkara usake dvArA ukta prakArake aura bhI hetuoMke saMgrahakI sUcanA karate haiN| tAtparya yaha ki prazastapAdake abhiprAyAnusAra vaizeSika darzanameM pAMcase adhika bhI hetu mAnya haiN| parantu prazastapAdane yaha nahIM batalAyA ki ve amuka saMjJaka hetu haiM / kaNAdane virodhi liGgake ( 1 ) abhUtabhUta, (2) bhUtaabhUta aura ( 3 ) bhUtabhata ina tIna bhedoMkA bhI kathana kiyA hai| zaMkaramizrane upaskArameM inakA sodAharaNa vivecana kiyA hai| 1. vAdirAja, nyAyavi0 vi0 2 / 155; pR0 177-180 tathA 2 / 174 pR0 210 / 2. asyedaM kArya kAraNaM saMyogi virodhi samavAyi ceti laiGgikam / -vaize0 sU0 6 / 2 / 1 / 3. zAstre kAryAdigrahaNa nidarzanArtha kRtaM nAvadhAraNArtham / kasmAt ? vyatirekadarzanAt / tadyathA-adhvaryuroMzrAvayan vyavahitasya heturliGgam candrodayaH samudravRddhaH kumudavikAzasya ca zaradi jalaprasAdo'gastyodayasyeti / evamAdi, tatsarvamasyedamiti sambandhamAtravacanAt siddham / -praza0 bhA0 pR0 104 / 4. virodhyabhUtaM bhUtasya / bhUtamabhUtasya / bhUto bhUtasya / -vaize0 sU0 311111, 12, 13 / / 5. zaMkaramizra, vaize0 sU0 upaskA0 3 / 1 / 11, 12, 13, pR0 88-86 /

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hetu-vimarza : 205 nyAyaparamparA ke pratiSThAtA akSapAdane' kaNAdakathita ukta pAMca hetubhedoMko aGgIkAra nahIM kiyA / unhoMne hetu ke anya tIna bheda nirdiSTa kiye haiM / ve ye haiM(1) pUrvavat, (2) zeSavat aura ( 3 ) sAmAnyatodRSTa / inameM prathama do (pUrvavat aura zeSavat ) vastutaH kaNAdake kArya aura kAraNarUpa hI haiM, kevala nAmabheda hai, arthabheda nahIM / sAmAnyatodRSTa bhI, jo akAryakAraNarUpa hai, kahIM saMyogo, kahIM samavAyo aura kahIM virodhIke rUpameM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / vAtsyAyanane 2 nyAyasUtrakArake sAdharmya aura vaidharmya prayukta dvividha hetuprayogakI apekSAse hetuke do bhedoMkA bhI ullekha kiyA hai - ( 1 ) sAdharmyahetu aura ( 2 ) vaidharmyahetu / yathArtha meM ye hetuke bheda nahIM hai, mAtra hetukA prayoga dvaividhya hai / udyotakarane avazya hetuke aise tIna bhedoMkA kathana kiyA hai jo naye haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM - ( 1 ) kevalAnvayI, ( 2 ) kevalavyatirekI ora (3) anvayavyatirekI / udyotakarane' vIta aura avIta bhedase bhI hetuke do bhedoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai / -3 Izvara kRSNa" aura unake vyAkhyAkAroMna nyAyasUtrakArakI taraha hI hetu ke tIna bhedoM kA pratipAdana kiyA aura unhIMke svIkRta unake nAma diye haiM / vizeSa yaha ki yuktidIpikAkArane udyotakara kI taraha hetuke vIta aura avIta dvaividhyakA bhI kathana kiyA hai / para vaha dvaividhya unhoMne prayogabhedase sAmAnyatodRSTakA batalAyA hai, sAmAnya hetukA nahIM / vAcaspati mizra ne sAkhyatattvakaumudI meM hetu (anumAna) ke prathamataH vIta aura avota do bheda pradarzita kiye aura usake bAda avItako zeSavat tathA vItako pUrvavat aura sAmAnyatodRSTa dvividha nirUpita kiyA hai / sAMkhyadarzana ke ina hetubhedoMpara nyAyasUtrakAra aura udyotakarakA prabhAva lakSita hotA hai / 1. nyAyasU0 1 1/5 / 2. dvividhasya punarhetodvividhasya codAharaNasyopasaMhAradvaite ca samAnam / -- nyAyabhA0 1 / 1:39 kA utthAnikAvAkya, pR0 51 / 3. anvayo vyatirekI anvayavyatireko ceti / nyAyavA0 11 15; pR0 46 / 4. tAvetau vItAvItahetU lakSaNAbhyAM pRthagabhihitAviti / vahI, 11 35, pR0 123 / 5. sAMkhyakA0 5 / 6. yuktidI0 sAMkhyakA0 5, pR0 3 / 7. tasya prayogamAtramedAd dvaividhyam - vItaH abIta iti / vahI pR0 47 / 8. tatra prathamaM ( prathamataH ) tAvat dvividham - vItamanItaM / tatrAvItaM shessvt| vItaM dvedhA pUrvavat sAmAnyatAdRSTaM ca / - sAM0 ta0 kau0 kA0 5, pR0 30-31 /

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206 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna- vicAra dharmakIrtine' bhI hetuke tIna bheda batalAye haiM / para unake tIna bheda uparyukta bhedoMse bhinna haiM / ve haiM-- ( 1 ) svabhAva, ( 2 ) kArya aura ( 3 ) anupalabdhi / aroor bhI tIna bhedoMkA unhoMne nirdeza kiyA hai - ( 1 ) kAraNAnupalabdhi, (2) vyApakAnupalabdhi aura ( 3 ) svabhAvAnupalabdhi / pramANavArtika meM anupalabdhike cAra aura nyAyabindumeM prayogabhedase usake gyAraha bhI bheda kahe haiM / dharmakIrtine kaNAda svIkRti hetubhedoMmeMse kArya aura virodhI ( anupalabdhi ) ye do aMgIkAra kiye haiM tathA kAraNa, saMyogI aura samavAyI ye tIna bheda chor3a diye haiM, kyoMki saMyoga aura samatrAya bauddhadarzana meM svIkRta nahIM haiM, ataH unake mAdhyama se honevAle saMyogI aura samavAyI hetu sambhava nahIM haiM / kAraNake sambandha meM dharmakIrtikA mata hai ki kAraNa kAryakA avazya anumApaka nahIM hotA, kyoMki yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki kAraNa hone para kArya avazya ho, para kArya binA kAraNake nahIM hotA / ataH kArya to hetu hai, kintu kAraNa nahIM / unake anupalabdhike tIna bhedoMkI saMkhyA kaNAdake abhyupagata virodhike tIna prakAroMko saMkhyAkA smaraNa dilAtI haiM / dhyAna rahe, dharmakIrtine " uparyukta tIna hetuoM meM svabhAva aura kAryako vidhisAdhaka tathA anupalabdhiko pratisAdhaka hI varNita kiyA hai / dharmottara, arcaTa Adi vyAkhyAkAroMne unakA samarthana kiyA hai / jaina paramparA meM hetubheda : jaina paramparAmeM SaTkhaNDAgama meM zrutake paryAyoM ke antargata 'heduvAda ' ( hetuvAda) nAma AyA hai / para usameM hetu ke bhedoMkI koI carcA upalabdha nahIM hotI / 1, etallakSaNo hetustriprakAra eva / svabhAvaH, kAryam, anupalabdhizceti / - hetubi0 pR0 54 / nyAyavi0 pR0 25 / pramANavA0 1 3,4,5 / 2. seyamanupalabdhistridhA / siddha kAryakAraNabhAve siddhAbhAvasya kAraNasyAnupalabdhiH, vyApyavyApakabhAvasiddhau siddhAbhAvasya vyApakasyAnupabdhiH, svAbhAvAnupalabdhizca / - hetubi0 pR0 68 / 3. ( ka ) - anupalabdhizcaturvidhA / - pra0 vA0 116 / (kha) sA ca prayogabhedAdekAdazaprakArA / -- nyAyavi0 pR0 35 / 4. nyAyabi0 pR0 35 / 5. atra dvau vastusAdhanau / ekaH pratiSedhahetuH / vahI, pR0 26 | 6. vahI, pR0 25 / dharmottaraTI0 / 7. hetubi0 To0 54 / 8. bhUtabalI - puSpadanta, SaTkhaM0 5/5/51 /

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hetu-vimarza : 20. vyAkhyAkAra vIrasenane avazya hetuvAda' padakI vyAkhyA karate hue hetuko do prakArakA kahA hai-( 1 ) sAdhanahetu aura ( 2 ) dUSaNahetu / sthAnAGgasUtranirdiSTa hetubheda : / sthAnAGgasUtrame hetuke cAra prakAroMkA nirdeza hai / ye cAra prakAra dArzinikoMke pUrvokta hetubhedoMse bhinna haiN| inake adhyayanase avagata hotA hai ki yataH hetu aura sAdhya donoM anumAnake prayojaka haiM aura donoM kahIM vidhirUpa hote haiM, kahIM niSegharUpa, kahIM vidhiniSedharUpa aura kahIM niSedhavidhirUpa / ina cArake atirikta anya rAzi sambhava nahIM hai / ataH hetuke ukta prakArase cAra bheda mAnya haiM / sAdhya aura sAdhana donoMke vidhi ( sadbhAva ) rUpa honepara (1) vidhi-vidhi, donoMke niSedha ( abhAva ) rUpa honepara ( 2 ) niSedha-niSedha, sAdhyake vidhirUpa aura sAdhanake niSedharUpa honepara ( 3 ) vidhi-niSedha tathA sAdhyake niSedharUpa aura sAdhanake vidhirUpa honepara ( 4 ) niSedhavidhi ye cAra bheda phalita hote haiM / inheM aura vizadatAse nimna prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai 1. vidhividhi-hetuke jisa prakArameM hetu aura sAdhya donoM sadbhAvarUpa hoN| jaise-isa pradezameM agni hai, kyoMki dhUma hai| yahAM sAdhya ( agni ) aura sAdhana (dhUma ) donoM sadbhAvarUpa hai| ise 'vidhasAdhakavidhirUpa' hetu kahA jA sakatA hai| 2. niSedhaniSedha-jisameM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM asadbhAvarUpa hoN| yathA- yahAM dhUma nahIM hai kyoMki analakA abhAva hai| yahAM sAdhya (dhama nahIM) aura sAdhana ( analakA abhAva ) donoM asadbhAvarUpa hai / isa hetuko 'niSedhasAdhakaniSedharUpa' nAma diyA jA sakatA hai / 3. vidhiniSedha-jisameM sAdhya sadbhAvarUpa ho aura sAdhana asadbhAvarUpa / jaise-isa prANImeM rogavizeSa hai, kyoMki usakI svastha ceSTA nahIM hai| yahAM sAdhya ( rogavizeSa ) sadbhAvarUpa hai aura sAdhana ( svastha ceSTA nahIM ) asadbhAvarUpa / ise 'vidhisAdhakaniSedharUpa' hetu kaha sakate haiN| 4. niSedhavidhi-jisameM sAdhya asadbhAvarUpa ho aura sAdhana sadbhAvarUpa / yathA-yahAM zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki uSNatA hai / yahAM sAdhya ( zItasparza nahIM) asadbhAvarUpa hai aura hetu ( uSNatA) sdbhaavruup| isa hetuko 'niSedhasAdhakavidhirUpa' hetuke nAmase vyavahRta kara sakate haiN| ina hetubhedoMpara na kaNAdake hetubhedoMkA prabhAva lakSita hotA hai, na akSapAda aura na dhrmkotike| sAtha hI isa vargIkaraNameM jahAM kArya, kAraNa Adi sabhI 1. SaT0, dhavalA TokA 5 / 5 / 51, pR0 280 / 2. sthAnA0 sU0 pR0 306-310 tathA yahI 'jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAnavicAra' pR0 23 bho|

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208 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna- vicAra prakArake hetuoMkA samAveza sambhava hai vahAM yaha avidita rahatA hai ki vidhividhi Adi sAmAnyarUpake sivAya hetukA vizeSa ( kArya, kAraNa, vyApya Adi ) rUpa kyA hai ? jaba ki kaNAdare, akSapAda aura dharmakIrtike hetubhedanirUpaNa meM vizeSa rUpa hI dikhAyI detA hai / ataH hetubhedoM kA yaha vargIkaraNa adhika prAcIna ho to Azcarya nahIM, kyoMki sAmAnya kalpanA ke bAda hI vizeSa kalpanA hotI hai / yadyapi kaNAdane' virodhI hetuke jina abhUtabhUta, bhUta abhUta aura bhUtabhUta tIna bhedoMkA kathana kiyA tathA vidyAnandane' vaizeSikoM kI orase abhUtaabhUta nAmaka cauthe bhedakI bhI kalpanA kI hai unakA ina hetubhedoMke sAtha kucha sAmya ho sakatA hai| taba bhI sthAnAGgasUtragata hetubhedoMkI paramparA sAmAnyarUpa honese prAcIna to hai hI / akalaGka pratipAdita hetubheda : 3 sthAnAGgasUtra ke ukta hetubhedoM ko vikasita karane aura unheM jaina tarkazAstra meM vizadatayA nirUpita karane kA zreya bhaTTa akalaGkadeva ko prApta hai| akalaGkadevane hetuke mUlameM do bheda svIkAra kiye haiM- ( 1 ) upalabdhi ( vidhirUpa ) aura ( 2 ) anupalabdhi (niSedharUpa) / ye donoM hetu bhI vidhi aura pratiSedha donoM taraha ke sAdhyoMko siddha karanese do-do prakArake kahe gaye haiM / upalabdhike sadbhAvasAdhaka aura sadbhAvapratiSedhaka tathA anupalabdhi ke asadbhAvasAdhaka aura asadbhAvapratiSedhaka / inameM sadbhAvasAdhaka upalabdhike bhI ( 1 ) svabhAva ( 2 ) svabhAvakArya, ( 3 ) svabhAvakA - raNa, ( 4 ) sahacara, ( 5 ) sahacarakArya aura ( 6 ) sahacarakAraNa ye chaha avAntara bheda haiM | siddhivinizcayake anusAra usake chaha bheda yoM diye gaye haiM-- ( 1 ) svabhAva, ( 2 ) kArya, ( 3 ) kAraNa, ( 4 ) pUrvacara, (5) uttaracara aura ( 6 ) sahacara / inameM se dharmakIrtine kevala svabhAva aura kArya ye do hI hetu mAne haiM / kaNAdane kArya aura kAraNako svIkAra kiyA hai| pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara ina tIna hetuoM ko kisI anya tArkikane svIkAra kiyA ho, yaha jJAta nahIM / kintu akalaMkane unakA spaSTa nirdezake sAtha pratipAdana kiyA hai / ataH yaha unakI maulika dena kahI jA sakatI hai / unhoMne svabhAva aura kArya ke atirikta kAraNahetu tathA ina tInoMko sayuktika svataMtra hetu siddha karake unakA nirUpaNa nimna prakAra kiyA hai-- 4 1. vaize0 10 sU0 3 / 1 / 11, 12, 13 / 2. pramANapa0 pR0 74 / 3. satpravRttinimittAni svasambandhopalabdhayaH // tathA sadvyavahArAya svabhAvAnupalabdhayaH / sadvRttipratiSedhAya tadvirubopalabdhayaH // --pramANasaM0 kA 29,30 / tathA inakI svopazavRtti, akalaMkagra0 pR0 104-105 / 4. si0 vi0 svo0 vR0 6 9, 15, 16 /

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hetu-vimarza : 209 (1) kAraNahetu'-vRkSase chAyAkA jJAna yA candrase jalameM par3anevAle usake pratibimbakA jJAna karanA kAraNahetu hai| yadyapi yaha tathya hai ki kAraNa kAryakA avazya utpAdaka nahIM hotA, kintu aise kAraNase, jisakI zaktimeM koI pratibandha na ho aura anya kAraNoMkI vikalatA na ho, kAryakA anumAna ho to use kona roka sakatA hai ? anumAtAkI azakti yA ajJAnase anumAnako sadoSa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (2) pUrvacara2 - jina sAdhya aura sAdhanoMmeM niyamase kramabhAva to hai para na to paraspara kAryakAraNabhAva hai aura na svabhAvasvabhAvavAn sambandha hai unameM pUrvabhAvIko hetu aura pazcAbhAvIko sAdhya banA kara anumAna karanA pUrvacara hetu hai / jaise-eka muhUrta ke bAda zakaTakA udaya hogA, kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya hai| (3) uttaracara-ukta kramabhAvI sAdhya-sAdhanoMmeM uttarabhAvIko hetu aura pUrvabhAvIko sAdhya banA kara anumAna karanA uttaracara hai| yathA-eka muhUrta pahale bharaNikA udaya ho cukA hai, kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya hai| yahAM 'kRti kAkA udaya' hetu bharaNike anantara honese uttaracara hai / (4) sahacara hetu-tarAjUke eka palar3eko uThA huA dekha kara dUsare palar3eke nIce jhukanekA anumAna yA candramAke isa bhAgako dekha kara usa bhAgake astitvakA anumAna sahacarahetu janya hai| inameM paraspara na tAdAtmya sambandha hai, na tadutpatti, na saMyoga, na samavAya aura na ekArthasamavAya, kyoMki eka apanI sthitimeM dUsarekI apekSA nahIM karatA, kintu donoM ekasAtha hote haiM, ataH avinAbhAva avazya hai| isa avinAbhAvake balapara ho jaina nyAyazAstrameM ukta pUrvacara Adi hetuoMko gamaka mAnA hai / aura avinAbhAvakA niyAmaka kevala sahabhAvaniyama tathA kramabhAvaniyamako svIkAra kiyA hai, tAdAtmya, tadutpatti, saMyoga, samavAya aura ekArthasamavAyako nahIM, kyoMki unake rahane para bhI hetu gamaka nahIM hote aura unake na rahane para bhI mAtra sahabhAvaniyama aura kramabhAvaniyamake vazase ve gamaka dekhe jAte haiN| 1. na hi vRkSAdiH chAyAdeH svabhAvaH kArya vA / na cAtra visaMvAdo'sti / candrAdarjalacandrAdipratipattistathAnumA / na hi jalacandrAdeH candrAdiH svabhAvaH kArya vA / -laghIya0 svo0 vR0 kA0 12, 13 tathA si0 vi0 svo0 0 6 / 6, 15 / 2. vahI, kA0 14 tathA si0 vi0 svo00 6 / 16 / 3. laghIya. svo0 vR0 kA0 14 tathA si0 vi0 svo0 vR06|16 / 4. siddhivi0 svo070 615, 3, nyAyavi0 2 / 338, pra0saM0 kA0 38, pR0 107 / 5. siddhivi0 svavR0 63 / laSIya0 svo030 kA0 12, 13, 14 / 27

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210 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra jaisAki uparyukta udAharaNoMse vidita hai| isIse jaina darzanameM hetukA ekamAtra avinAbhAva hI samyak lakSaNa iSTa hai / sadbhAvapratiSedhaka tIna upalabdhiyAM akalaMkane' isa isa prakAra batalAyI haiM ( 1 ) svabhAvaviruddhopalabdhi---yathA-padArtha kUTastha nahIM hai, kyoMki pariNamanazIla hai| yahA~ hetu sadbhAvarUpa hai aura sAdhya niSedharUpa / tathA padArthakA svabhAva pariNamana karanekA hai| (2) kAryaviruddhopalabdhi-yathA-lakSaNavijJAna pramANa nahIM hai, kyoMki visaMvAda hai / yahA~ bhI hetu sadbhAvarUpa hai aura sAdhya niSedharUpa / visaMvAda apramANakA kArya hai| (3) kAraNaviruddhopalabdhi-yathA-yaha parIkSaka nahIM hai, kyoMki sarvathA abhAvako svIkAra karatA hai| aparokSakatAkA kAraNa sarvathA abhAvakA svIkAra hai| akalaMkane 2 dharmakItike isa kathanakI ki 'svabhAva aura kArya hetu bhAvasAdhaka haiM tathA anupalabdhi abhAvasAdhaka' samIkSA karake upalabdhirUpa svabhAva aura kArya donoM hetuoMko bhAva tathA abhAva ubhayakA sAdhaka tathA anupalabdhiko bhI donokA sAdhaka siddha kiyA hai| Upara hama upalabdhirUpa hetuko sadbhAva aura asadbhAva donoMkA sAdhaka dekha cuke haiN| Age anupalabdhiko bhI donoMkA sAdhaka dekheNge| isake prathama bheda asadbhAvasAdhaka pratiSedharUpake 6 bheda batalAye haiM / yathA (1) svabhAvAnupalabdhi-kSaNikaikAnta nahIM hai, kyoMki upalabdha nahIM hotaa| 1. yathA svabhAvaviruddhopalabdhi:-nAvicalitAtmA bhAvaH pariNAmAt / kAryaviruddhopa labdhiH-lakSaNavijJAnaM na pramANaM visaMvAdAt pramANAntarApekSaNe / kAraNaviruddhopalandhiH-nAsya parIkSAphalam abhAvaikAntagrahaNAt / / -pra0 saM0 svavR0 kA0 30, pR0 105, akalaMkagra0 / 2. nAnupalabdhireva abhaavsaanii| -pra0saM0 kA 30 / 3. svabhAvAnupalabdhi yathA na kSaNakSayakAnto'nupalabdheH / "kAryAnupalabdhiH atra kAryAbhAvAt / kAraNAnupalabdhi :-atraiva kaarnnaabhaavaat| svabhAvasahacarAnupalabdhiH-atra vyApAravyAhAravizeSAbhAvAt / "sahacarakAraNAnupalabandhiH "atraiva AhArAbhAvAt / / -vahI, svavR0 kA0 30, pR0 105 /

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hetu-vimarza : 211 ( 2 ) kAryAnupalabdhi - kSaNikaikAnta nahIM hai, kyoMki usakA koI kArya upalabdha nahIM hotA / ( 3 ) kAraNAnupalabdhi - kSaNikaikAnta nahIM hai, kyoMki koI kAraNa nahIM hai / ( 4 ) svabhAvasahacarAnupalabdhi - isameM AtmA nahIM hai, kyoMki rUpAdivizeSakA abhAva hai | ( 5 ) sahacara kAryAnupalabdhi - isa prANI meM AtmA nahIM hai, kyoMki vyApAravyAhAravizeSakA abhAva hai / ( 6 ) sahacarakAraNAnupalabdhi - isa zarIra meM AtmA nahIM hai, kyoMki bhojanakA abhAva hai / anupalabdhi ke dUsare bheda asadbhAvapratiSedhaka ( sadbhAvasAdhaka ) pratiSedhakarUpa anupalabdhi ke kitate bheda unheM abhISTa haiM, isakA akalaMkane spaSTa nirdeza nahIM kiyA / para unake pratipAdanase saMketa avazya milatA hai ki usake bhI unheM aneka bheda abhipreta haiM / isa prakAra akalaMkane sadbhAvasAdhaka 6 aura sadbhAvapratiSedhaka 3 isa taraha 9 upalabdhiyoM tathA asadbhAvasAdhaka 6 anupalabdhiyoMkA kaNThataH varNana karake inake aura bhI avAntara bhedoMkA saMketa kiyA hai / tathA unheM inhIM meM antarbhAva ho jAnekA ullekha kiyA hai / vidyAnandokta hetu-bheda : vidyAnandakA hetubhedanirUpaNa akalaMkake hetubhedanirUpaNakA AbhArI aura upajIvya hai / kintu bidyAnandako nirUpaNasaraNi evaM samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana atispaSTa aura AkarSaka hai / unhoMne ' anyathAnupapattirUpa ekalakSaNasAmAnyakI apekSA hetuko eka prakArakA kaha karake bhI vizeSako apekSA atisaMkSepa meM vidhisAdhana aura niSedhasAdhanake bhedase dvividha tathA saMkSepa meM kArya, kAraNa aura akAryakAraNake rUpameM trividha pratipAdana kiyA aura anya prakAroMkA inhIM meM antarbhAva honekA nirdeza kiyA hai / unakA vaha nirUpaNa adhaH prastuta hai 1. tacca sAdhanaM ekalakSaNasAmAnyAdekavidhamapi vizeSato'tisaMkSepAdvividhaM vidhisAdhanaM niSedhasAdhanaM ca / saMkSepAstravidhamabhidhIyate kArya kAraNasya, kAraNaM kAryasya, akAryakAraNamakAryakAraNasyeti... -pramANapa0 pR0 72 / 2, vahI, pR0 72 se 75 tathA ta0 zlo0 1 13, pR0 208-214 /

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212 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra ( 1 ) kArya hetu yahA~ agni hai, kyoMki dhUma hai / kAryakArya Adi paramparA hetuoM kA isI meM antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai / - ( 2 ) kAraNahetu yahAM chAyA hai, kyoMki chatra hai / kAraNakAraNa Adi paramparAkA raNahetuoM kA isI meM anupraveza hai / smaraNa rahe ki na to kevala aviziSTa kAraNako aura na antima kSaNa prApta kAraNako kAraNahetu kahA jAtA hai, jisase pratibandhake sadbhAva aura kAraNAntarakI vikalatAse vaha vyabhicArI ho tathA dUzare kSaNameM kAryake pratyakSa ho jAnese anumAna nirarthaka ho, kintu jo kArya - kA avinAbhAvI nirNIta hai tathA jisakI sAmarthya kisI pratibandhakase avaruddha nahIM hai aura na vAMchanIya sAmagrIkI vikalatA hai, aise viziSTa kAraNako hetu mAnA gayA hai / vyApya, 2 sahacara, 3 pUrva - ( 3 ) akAryakAraNa --isake cAra bheda haiMcara aura 4 uttaracara / 1. vyApya hetu - jahA~ vyApyase vyApakakA hai / jaise anumAna hotA hai vaha vyApyahetu - samasta padArtha anekAntasvarUpa haiM, kyoMki sat haiM, arthAt vastu haiM / 2. sahacara hetu -- jahA~ eka sahabhAvI se dUsare sahabhAvIkA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha sahacara hai / jaise--agnimeM sparza hai, kyoMki rUpa hai / sparza rUpakA na kArya hai na kAraNa, kyoMki donoM sarvatra sarvadA samakAlavRtti honese sahacara prasiddha haiM / dhyAna rahe, vaizeSikoMke saMyogI aura ekArthasamavAyI hetu vidyAnandake matAnusAra sAdhyasamakAlIna honese sahacara haiM / jaise samavAyI kAraNahetu hai, vaha usase pRthaka nahIM hai / 3. pUrva carahetutu -- zakaTakA udaya hogA, kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya hai / pUrvapUrvacarAdi paramparApUrva carahetuoMkA isI meM samAveza hai / 4. uttaracarahetu--bharaNikA udaya ho cukA hai, kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya hai / uttarottaracarAdi paramparAuttaracarahetuoMkA isIke dvArA saMgraha ho jAtA hai / ye chaha ( 2 + 4 = ) hetu' vidhirUpa sAdhyako siddha karanese vidhisAdhana ( bhUtabhUta ) hetu kahe jAte haiM / .2 pratiSedharUpa sAdhyako siddha karanevAle hetu tIna haiM / - ( 1 ) viruddha kArya, ( 2 ) viruddhakAraNa aura ( 3 ) viruddha kAryakAraNa / 1. tadetatsAdhyasya vidhau sAdhanaM SaDvidhamuktam / -pramANapa0 pR0 73 / 2. pratiSedhe tu pratiSedhyasya viruddhaM kArya viruddhaM kAraNaM viruddha kAryakAraNaM ceti -pra0 pa0 pRSTha 73 /

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hetu-vimarza : 213 ( 2 ) viruddhakArya hetu -- yahAM zItasparza nahIM haiM, kyoMki dhUma hai / spaSTa hai ki zItasparza se viruddha anala hai, usakA kArya dhUma hai| usake sadbhAvase zItasparzakA abhAva siddha hotA hai / ( 2 ) viruddhakAraNa- -- isa puruSake asatya nahIM hai, kyoMki samyagjJAna hai / prakaTa hai ki asatyase viruddha satya hai, usakA kAraNa samyagjJAna hai / rAgadveSarahita yathArthajJAna samyagjJAna hai / vaha usake kisI yathArthakathana Adise siddha hotA huA satyako siddha karatA hai aura vaha bhI siddha hotA huA asatyakA pratiSedha karatA hai / ( 3 ) viruddha kAryakAraNa - isake cAra bheda haiM - 1. viruddhavyApya, 2. viruddhasahacara, 3. viruddhapUrvacara aura 4. viruddha uttaracara / 1. viruddhavyApya - yahA~ zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki uSNatA hai / yahA~ nizcaya hI zItasparzase viruddha agni hai aura usakA vyApya uSNatA hai / 2. viruddha sahacara -- isake mithyAjJAna nahIM hai, kyoMki samyagdarzana hai / yahA~ mithyAjJAna se viruddha samyagjJAna hai aura usakA sahacara ( sahabhAvI ) samyagdarzana hai / 3. viruddhapUrva cara - muhUrttAntameM zakaTakA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoMki revatIkA udaya hai | yahA~ zakaTodayase viruddha azvinIkA udaya hai aura usakA pUrvacara revatIkA udaya hai | 4 - biruddhottaracara - eka muhUrtta pUrva bharaNikA udaya nahIM huA, kyoMki puSyakA udaya hai / bharaNike udayase viruddha punarvasukA udaya hai aura usakA uttaracara puSyakA udaya hai / ye chaha ' sAkSAtpratiSedhyase viruddha kAryAdihetu vidhidvArA pratiSedhako siddha karaneke kAraNa pratiSedhasAdhana ( abhUtabhUta ) hetu ukta haiM / kAraNavyApaka paramparAse honevAle kAraNaviruddhakArya, vyApaka viruddha kArya, viruddha kArya, vyApakakAraNaviruddha kArya, kAraNaviruddhakAraNa, vyApaka viruddhakAraNa, kAraNavyApaka viruddha kAraNa aura vyApakakAraNaviruddhakAraNa tathA kAraNaviruddhavyApyAdi aura kAraNaviruddhasahacarAdi hetuoM kA bhI vidyAnandane saMketa kiyA hai / ve isa prakAra haiM 1. tAnyetAni sAkSAtpratiSedhyaviruddhakAryAdIni liMgAni vidhidvAreNa pratiSeghasAdhanAni SaDabhihitAni / -pra0 pa0 pR0 73 / 2. paramparayA tu kAraNaviruddhakArya vyApakaviruddhakArya kAraNavyApakaviruddhakArya vyApakakAraNaviruddhakArya ...vaktavyAni / vahI, pR0 73 /

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214 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra 1. kAraNaviruddha kArya- isake zItajanita romaharSAdivizeSa nahIM hai, kyoMki dhama hai / pratiSedhya romaharzAdivizeSakA kAraNa zIta hai, usakA virodhI anala hai, usakA kArya dhUma hai| ___2. vyApakaviruddha kArya-yahAM zotasparzasAmAnyase vyApta zItasparza vizeSa nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUma hai / niSedhya zItasparzavizeSakA vyApaka zItasparzasAmAnya hai, usakA virodhI anala hai, usakA kArya dhUma hai| 3. kAraNavyApakaviruddha kArya-yahAM himatvavyApta himavizeSajanitaromaharSAdivizeSa nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUma hai / romaharSAdi zeSakA kAraNa himavizeSa haiM, usakA vyApaka himatva hai, usakA virodhI agni hai, usakA kArya dhUma hai / 4. vyApakakAraNaviruddha kArya-yahAM zItasparzavizeSavyApaka zItasparzasAmAnyake kAraNa himase honevAlA zItasparza vizeSa nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUma hai| pratiSedhya zItasparzavizeSakA vyApaka zItasparzasAmAnya hai, usakA kAraNa hima hai, usakA virodhI agni hai, usakA kArya dhUma hai / 5. kAraNaviruddha kAraNa-isake mithyAcaraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki tattvArthopadezakA grahaNa hai / mithyAcaraNakA kAraNa mithyAjJAna hai, usakA virodhI tattvajJAna hai, usakA kAraNa tatvArthopadezagrahaNa hai / 6. vyApakaviruddha kAraNa-isake AtmAmeM mithyAjJAna nahIM hai, kyoMki tattvArthopadezakA grahaNa hai| mithyAjJAnavizeSakA vyApaka mithyAjJAnasAmAnya hai, usakA virodhI satyajJAna hai, usakA kAraNa tattvArthopadezagrahaNa hai| 7. kAraNavyApakaviruddhakAraNa-isake mithyAcaraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki tattvArthopadezakA grahaNa hai / yahAM mithyAcaraNakA kAraNa mithyAjJAnavizeSa hai, usakA vyApaka mithyAjJAnasAmAnya hai, usakA virodhI tattvajJAna hai, usakA kAraNa tattvArthopadezagrahaNa hai| 8. vyApakakAraNaviruddhakAraNa-isake mithyAcaraNavizeSa nahIM hai, kyoMki tattvArthopradezakA grahaNa hai| mithyAcaraNavizeSakA vyApaka mithyAcaraNasAmAnya hai, usakA kAraNa mithyAjJAna hai, usakA virodhI tattvajJAna hai, usakA kAraNa tattvArthopadezagrahaNa hai| 9. kAraNaviruddhavyApya'-sarvathaikAntavAdIke prazama, saMvega, anukampA aura Astikya nahIM hai, kyoMki viparItamithyAdarzanavizeSa hai| prazamAdikA kAraNa samyagdarzana hai, usakA virodhI mithyAdarzanasAmAnya hai, usase vyApya viparItamithyAdarzanavizeSa hai| 1. pra0pa0 pRSTha 74 /

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hetu-vimarza : 215 10. vyApaka viruddhabbApya - syAdvAdIke viparItAdimithyAdarzana vizeSa nahIM haiM, kyoMki satyajJAna vizeSa hai / viparItAdimithyAdarzana vizeSoMkA vyApaka mithyAdarzanasAmAnya hai, usakA virodhI tattvajJAnasAmAnya hai, usakA vyApya satyajJAnavizeSa hai / 11. kAraNavyApakaviruddhavyApya - isake prazama Adi nahIM haiM, kyoMki mithyAjJAnavizeSa hai / prazama AdikA kAraNa samyagdarzanavizeSa hai, usakA vyApaka samyagdarzana sAmAnya hai, usakA virodhI mithyAjJAnasAmAnya hai, usakA vyApya mithyAjJAnavizeSa hai / 12. vyApakakAraNaviruddhavyApya - isake tattvajJAnavizeSa nahIM haiM, kyoMki mithyArthopadezakA grahaNa hai / tattvajJanavizeSoMkA vyApaka tattvajJAnasAmAnya hai, usakA kAraNa tattvArthopadezagrahaNa hai, usakA virodhI mithyArthopadezagrahaNasAmAnya hai, usase vyApta mithyArthIpadezagrahaNa vizeSa hai / 13. kAraNaviruddha sahacara - isake prazama Adi nahIM hai, kyoMki mithyAjJAna hai / prazama AdikA kAraNa samyagdarzana hai, usakA virodhI mithyAdarzana hai, usakA sahacara mithyAjJAna hai / 14. vyApaka viruddhasahacara - isake mithyAdarzanavizeSa nahIM haiM, kyoMki samyajJAna hai / mithyAdarzanavizeSoMkA vyApaka mithyAdarzanasAmAnya hai, usakA virodhI tattvArthazraddhAnarUpa samyagdarzana hai, usakA sahacara samyagjJAna hai / 15. kAraNavyApaka viruddha sahacara - isake prazama Adi nahIM haiM, kyoMki mithyAjJAna haiM / prazama AdikA kAraNa samyagdarzanavizeSa haiM, unakA vyApaka samyagdarzanasAmAnya hai, usakA virodhI mithyAdarzana hai, usakA sahacara mithyAjJAna hai / 16. vyApakakAraNaviruddhasahacara - isake mithyAdarzanavizeSa nahIM haiM, kyoMki satyajJAna hai / mithyAdarzana vizeSoMkA vyApaka mithyAdarzana sAmAnya hai, usakA kAraNa darzanamohodaya hai, usakA virodhI samyagdarzana hai, usakA sahacara samyagjJAna hai / 2 isa prakAra vidyAnandane ra virodhI 6 paramparAvirodhI 16 kula 22 sAkSAt virodhI hetuoMkA vistRta kathana kiyA hai / ullekhanIya hai ki kaNAdane virodhI hetuke abhUtabhUta, bhUtamabhUta aura bhUtabhUta tIna prakAroMkA nirdeza kiyA hai / para vidyAnandane abhUta abhUtanAmaka cauthe bheda 1. pra0 pa0 pR0 74 / 2, 3. tadetatsAmAnyato virodhiliMgaM prapaMcato dvAviMzatiprakAramapi bhUtamabhUtasya gamakamanyathAnupapattiniyamanizcalakSaNatvAtpratipattavyam / -pra0 pa0 pR0 74 /

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216 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna- vicAra sahita usake cAra bhedoMkA ullekha karake unake sAtha samanvaya bhI pradarzita kiyA hai / unhoMne batalAyA hai ki ukta 22 bheda abhUta-bhUta ( sadbhAvapratiSedhaka vidhirUpa pratiSedhasAdhana ) hetuke haiM aura ve ekamAtra anyathAnupapannatvaniyama nizcayake AdhArapara gamaka haiM / vidhisAdhakavidhirUpa hetuke pUrvollikhita kAryAdi 6 bheda bhUtabhUtake prakAra haiM / ' isa taraha vidyAnandane hetuke prathama bheda vidhisAdhana ( upalabdhi ) ke vidhisAdhaka aura vidhipratiSedhaka ina do bhedoM tathA unake ukta avAntara prakAroMko dikhAyA hai / isake anantara hetuke dUsare bheda pratiSedhasAdhana ( anupalabdhi ) ke bhI akakI taraha vidhisAdhaka pratiSedhasAdhana aura pratiSedhasAdhaka pratiSedhasAdhana ina do bhedoMkA kathana kiyA hai / prathamako bhUta-abhUta aura dvitIyako abhUta-abhUta kaha kara pUrvavat kaNAdokta virodhi liMgake bhedoMke sAtha samanvaya kiyA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki jahAM kaNAdane virodhi liMgake mAtra tIna bhedoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai vahAM vidyAnandane usake cAra bhedoMkA varNana kiyA hai, jinameM abhUta abhUta nAmaka prakAra nayA hai aura jisako vidyAnandane hI parikalpanA kI jAna par3atA hai, jo yuktiyukta hai / vidhisAdhaka pratiSedhasAdhana hetu ( bhUta - abhUta ) - jina hetuoMmeM sAdhya sadbhAva ( bhUta ) rUpa aura sAdhana niSedha ( abhUta ) rUpa ho unheM vidhisAdhaka pratiSedha ( bhUta-abhUta ) hetu kahate haiM / yathA 1. isa prANIke vyAdhivizeSa hai, kyoMki nirAmaya ceSTA nahIM hai / isa hetu kA nAma viruddha kAryAnupalabdhi hai / 2. sarvathA ekAntavAdakA kathana karane vAloMke ajJAnAdi doSa haiM, kyoMki unake yukti aura zAstrase avirodhI vacana nahIM haiM / ise viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi kahate haiM, 3. isa munike Aptatva hai, kyoMki visaMvAdI nahIM hai| isakA nAma viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi hai | 4. isa tAlaphalakI patanakriyA ho cukI hai, kyoMki DaMThalake sAtha saMyoga nahIM hai / yaha viruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi hai / 1. pra0 pa0 pRSTha 74 / 2. taditthaM vidhimukhena vidhAyakaM pratiSedhamukhena pratiSedhakaM ca liMgamabhidhAya sAmprataM pratiSedhamukhena vidhAyakaM pratiSedhakaM ca sAdhanamabhidhIyate / tatrAmUtaM bhUtasya vidhAyakaM / -pra0 pa0 pR0 74 / 3. vahI, pR0 74-75 /

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hetu-vimarza : 21. vidhipratiSedhakapratiSedha sAdhanahetu ( abhUta-abhUta) jinameM sAdhya niSedha (abhUta-abhAva) rUpa ho aura sAdhana bhI niSedha (abhUtaabhAva ) rUpa ho unheM vidhipratiSedhaka pratiSedha (bhamata-amata) hetu kahate haiM / yathA (1) isa zavazarIrameM buddhi nahIM hai, kyoMki ceSTA, vArtAlApa, viziSTaAkArakI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| yaha vidhisAdhaka pratiSedhasAdhana kAryAnupalabdhi hetu hai / (2) isake prazama Adi nahIM haiM, kyoMki tattvArthazraddhAna upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yaha kAraNAnupalabdhi hai| (3 ) yahAM zizapA nahIM hai, kyoMki vRkSa nahIM hai| yaha vyApakAnupalabdhi hai| ( 4 ) isake tattvajJAna nahIM hai, kyoMki samyagdarzana nahIM hai| yaha sahacarAnupalabdhi hai| (5) eka muhUrtake anta meM zakaTakA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya nahIM hai| yaha pUrvacarAnupalabdhi hai / (6 ) eka muhUrta pahale bharaNikA udaya nahIM huA, kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya anupalabdha hai / yaha uttaracarAnupalabdhi hai| isI prakAra vidyAnandane kAraNakAraNAdyanupalabdhi, vyApakavyApakAnupalabdhi Adi paramparApratiSedhasAdhakapratiSedhasAdhana hetuoMkA bhI saMketa kiyA hai| tathA isa samasta nirUpaNake antameM apane kathanako sampuSTi ke lie ina saba hetubhedoMke saMgrAhaka pUrvAcAryoMke sAta zlokoMko prastuta kiyA hai| isake anantara unhoMne bauddha 1. pra0pa0 pRSTha 74 / 2. vahI, pR0 74 / 3. syAtkArya kAraNaM vyApyaM prAkasahottaracAri ca / liga tallakSaNavyAptebhUtaM bhUtasya sAdhakam // SoDhA viruddhakAryAdi sAkSAdevAMpavaNitam / liMgaM bhUtamabhUtasya liMgalakSaNayogataH // 2 / / pArampattui kArya syAt kAraNaM vyApyameva ca / sahacAri ca nirdiSTaM pratyekaM taccaturvidham // 3 // kAraNAdviSThakAryAdibhedenodAhRtaM puraa| yathA SoDazamedaM syAt dvAviMzatividhaM tataH // 4 // liMgaM samudita zeyamanyathAnupapattimat / tathA mUtamabhUtasyApyUdhamanyadIpodRzam / / 5 // abhUtaM bhUtamunnItaM bhUtasyAnekadhA budhaiH / tathA'bhUtamabhUtasya yathAyogyamudAharet // 6 // bahudhApyevamAkhyAtaM saMkSepeNa caturvidham / atisaMkSepato dvedhopalambhAnupalammabhRt // 7 // -vahI, pR0 74-75 / 4. vahI, pR0 75 / 28

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218 : jaina tarkazAstrameM bhanumAna vicAra kalpita svabhAvAdi trividha, naiyAyikasammata pUrvavadAdi trividha, vaizeSika svIkRta saMyogyAdi paMcavidha aura sAMkhyAbhyupagata vItAdi trividha hetuniyamakI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai ki jaba hetubhedoMko yaha spaSTa sthiti hai to use kevala triviSa Adi batalAnA saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA / ataH hetukA ekamAtra prayojaka anyathAnupapannatvaniyamanizcayako hI mAnanA cAhie, jisake dvArA sabhI prakArake hetuoMkA saMgraha sambhava hai, trividhatvAdiniyamako nhiiN| mANikyanandiko ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne akalaMka aura vidyAnandake vAGmayakA AloDana karake usameM vizakalita hetubhedoMko susambaddha DhaMgase sugama evaM sarala sUtroMmeM nibaddha kiyA hai| unakA yaha vyavasthita hetubhedanibandhana uttaravartI prabhAcandra, laghu anantavIrya, devasUri, hemacandra prabhRti tAkikoMke lie pathapradarzaka tathA AdhAra siddha huA hai| yahAM use na denepara eka nyUnatA rhegii| ataH use diyA jAtA hai| ____ akalaMkako taraha mANikyanandine' bhI ArambhameM hetuke mUla do bheda svIkAra kiye haiM-(1) upalabdhi aura ( 2 ) anuplbdhi| tathA ina donoMko vidhi aura pratiSedha ubhayakA sAdhaka batalAyA hai| aura isalie donoMke unhoMne do-do bheda kahe hai-upalabdhike (1) aviruddhopalabdhi aura ( 2 ) viruddhopalabdhi tathA anupalabdhike ( 1 ) aviruddhAnupalabdhi aura ( 2) viruddhAnupalabdhi / aviruddhopalabdhike chaha bheda haiM-( 1 ) vyApya, (2) kArya, (3) kAraNa, (4) pUrvacara, (5) uttaracara aura (6) sahacara / viruddhopalabdhike bhI aviruddhopalabdhikI taraha chaha bheda haiM / ve ye haiM-(1) viruddhavyApya, (2) viruddha kArya, (3) viruddha kAraNa, ( 4 ) viruddhapUrvacara, ( 5 ) viruddhauttaracara aura ( 6 ) viruddhasahacara / isIprakAra anupalabdhike prathama bheda aviruddhAnupalabdhi pratiSedharUpa sAdhyako siddha karanekI apekSA sAta prakArako kahI hai--(1) aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi, (2) vyApakAnupalabdhi, ( 3 ) kAryAnupalabdhi, ( 4 ) kAraNAnupalabdhi, (5) pUrvacarAnupalabdhi, (6) uttaracarAnupalabdhi aura (7) sahacarAnupalabdhi / viruddhA 1. parIkSAmu0 3157-58 / 2. sa hetuDhedhA upalabdhyanupalabdhimedAt / upalabdhirvidhipratiSedhayoranupalabdhizca / aviruddholabdhirvidhau peDhA vyApyakAryakAraNapUrvottarasahacarabhedAt / -pa0 mu0 3157-56 / 3. viruddhatadupalabdhiH pratiSedhe tatheti / -vahI, 3 / 71 / 4. aviruddhAnupalabdhiH pratiSedhe saptadhA svabhAvavyApakakAryakAraNapUrvottarasahacarAnupalambhamedAditi / vahI, 178 /

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detu-vimarza : 219 nupalabdhi' vidhirUpa sAdhyako siddha karanemeM tIna prakArakI kahI gayI hai-(1) viruddha kAryAnupalabdhi, ( 2 ) viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi aura ( 3 ) viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi / isa taraha mANikyanandine 6 + 6 +7+3 = 22 hetubhedoMkA sodAharaNa nirUpaNa kiyA hai| vidyAnandakI taraha paramparAhetuoMkI bhI unhoMne sambhAvanA karake unheM yathAyogya ukta hetuoMmeM hI antarbhAva karanekA iMgita kiyA hai| mANikyanandine2 akalaMkakI bhA~ti kAraNa, pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara ina hetuoMko pRthaka mAnanekI AvazkatAko bhI sayuktika batalAyA hai| prabhAcandrane prameyakamalamArtaNDameM aura laghu anantavIryane prameyaratnamAlAmeM mANikyanandike vyAkhyAkAra honese unakA hI samarthana evaM vizada vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| devasUrine vidhisAdhaka tIna anupalabdhiyoMke sthAna meM pAMca anupalabdhiyAM batAyI haiM tathA niSedhasAdhaka viruddhopalabdhike chaha bhedoMkI jagaha sAta bheda pratipAdita kiye haiN| zeSa nirUpaNa mANikyanandi jaisA hI hai / vidyAnandakI taraha viruddhopalabdhike solaha paramparAhetuoMkA bhI unhoMne nirUpaNa kiyA aura isa nirUpaNa ko abhiyuktoM dvArA abhihita batalAyA hai / isake sAtha hI aviruddhAnupalabdhike pratipAdaka sUtra meM sAkSAt hetu sAta aura usako vyAkhyAmeM paramparAhetu gyAraha kUla aThAraha prakAroMkA bhI kathana kiyA hai| unakA yaha pratipAdana vidyAnandakI pramANaparIkSA aura tattvArthazlokavAttikakA AbhArI hai| vAdirAjakA hetubhedavivecana yadyapi akalaMka aura vidyAnandase prabhAvita hai kintu unakA vaiziSThaya bhI usameM parilakSita hotA hai| unhoMne saMkSepameM 1. viruddhAnupalabdhiH vidhau tredhA viruddhakAryakAraNasvabhAvAnupalabdhimedAt / -50 mu0 3 / 86 / 2. vaho, 360-64 / 3. viruddhAnupalabdhistu vidhipratItI paMcadheti / viruddhIpalabdhistu pratiSedhapratiSedhapapipattau saptaprakAreti / -pra0 na0 ta0 399, 79 / 4. paramparayA virodhAzrayaNena tvanekaprakArA viruddhopalabdhiH sambhavantI svayamabhiyuktairavagantavyA"iti pAramparyeNa peDazaprakArA / --vahI, syA. ratnA0 3188, pR0 605 / 5. itIyamaviruddhAnupalabdhiH saptaprakArA pratiSedhapratipattI sodAharaNA sUtrataH pratiSedhyavastu sambandhinAM svamAvakAryAdInAM sAkSAdanupalambhadvAreNa pradarzitA / paramparayA punareSApi nipuNairnirUpyamANakAdazadhA sampadyate / taditthaM sUtroktaH saptamibhedaiH sahAmI militA ekAdazamedA aviruddhAnupalabdheraSTAdaza saMvRttA iti / -vahI, syA0 ratnA0 298, pR0613-615 / 6. pramANani0pU0 42-50 /

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220 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra vidhisAdhana aura pratiSedhasAdhana do bheda karake vidhisAdhanake dharmisAdhana aura dharmivizeSasAdhana ye do bheda batalAye haiM tathA ina donoMke bhI do-do bheda kahe haiN| pratiSedhasAdhanako bhI vidhirUpa aura pratiSedharUpa do prakArakA vaNita karake donoMke aneka bhedoMkI sUcanA kI hai aura unake katipaya udAharaNa de kara unheM spaSTa kiyA hai| hemacandrane' kaNAda, dharmakoti aura vidyAnandakI taraha hetubhedoMkA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai phira bhI unase bhinnatA yaha hai ki unake vargIkaraNameM koI bhI anupalabdhi vidhisAdhakarUpase varNita nahIM hai kintu dharmakIrtikI taraha mAtra niSedhasAdhakarUpase vaNita hai| dharmabhUSaNane vidyAnandake vargIkaraNako svIkAra kiyA hai| antara itanA hI hai ki dharmabhUSaNane ArambhameM hetuke do bheda aura donoMko vidhisAdhaka tathA pratiSedhasAdhaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| para vidhisAdhaka vidhirUpa hetuke chaha bhedoMkA hI unhoMne udAharaNadvArA pradarzana kiyA hai, anya bhedoMkA nahIM aura isa taraha 6 + 1 + 2 = 9 hetubhedoMkA unhoMne varNana kiyA hai| yazovijayakA vargIkaraNa vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi, devasUri aura dharmabhaSaNake vargIkaraNoMke AdhArapara huA hai / vizeSatayA devasUri" aura dharmabhUSaNakA prabhAva usapara lakSita hotA hai| isa prakAra jaina tArkikoMkA hetubhedanirUpaNa anekavidha evaM sUkSma hotA huA unakI cintanavizeSatAko prakaTa karatA hai| 1. pramANamI0 12 / 12, pR0 42 / 2. vahI, 112 / 42, pR0 42-45 / 3. nyA. do0 pR0 95.99 / 4. jaina tarkamA0 pR0 16-18 / 5. tulanA kIjie-pra0 na0 ta0 354-55, 3 / 68, 66, 77, 3278, 376, 370 3.80, 81,382, 3183-62, 384, 85, 87-62, 3 / 103, 3394-102 / 6. tulanA kIjie, nyA. dI050 95,96, 97, 985

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jaina hetu-meda 1. sthAnAMgasUtra (pR0 306-310) ke AdhAra se hetu-4 vidhi-vidhi vidhi-niSedha niSedha-vidhi 2. akalaMka (pramANasaMgraha kA0 29,30) ke anusAra niSedha-niSedha hetu-15 upalabdhi kina . anupalabdhi anupalabdhi sadabhAvasAdhaka sadabhAvapratiSaSaka asadbhAva sAdhaka asadbhAva pratiSe. svabhAva saha. kArya sa. kAraNa sva0 kA0 sahacara athavA (si0 vi06|6,15,16 ke anusAra) kArya kAraNa sahacara __sahacara svabhAva ....... deza-vimarza : 291 . pUrvacara uttaracara ... svabhAvaviruddhopalabdhi kAryaviruddhopala0 kAraNaviruddhopala. .' svabhAvAnupalabdhi kAryAnupala0 kAraNAnupa0 sva0 sahaca0 saha kAryAnu0 saha0 kAraNA0

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1. saddhAvasApaka upaladhi-6 2. sadbhAvapratiSeSaka upalampi-3 3. asadbhAvapratiSedhaka anupalabdhi-6 4. asadbhAvasAdhaka anupalabdhi-aneka 3. vidyAnanda ( pramANaparIkSA pR0 72-75 ) ke anusAra hetu-28 129 gata anumAna-vicAra vidhi sAdhana niSedha sAdhana kAraNa / vyApya sahacara uttaracara viruddhakArya viruddhakAraNa viruvAkAryakAraNa viruddhasahacara viruddhapUrvacara viruddhauttaracara viruddhavyApya (1) sAkSAt niSeSasAdhana-2+4-6 (2) paramparA niSedhasAdhana- 16 /

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1. vidhi sAvana - 6 2. niSeSa sAdhana 22 28 kula hetu bheda 4. mANikyanandi ( parIkSAmukha 3157-90 ) ke anusAra hetu - 22 2 upalabdhi anupalabdhi 2 2 1 aviruddhopalabdhi viruddhopala. aviruddhAnupala0 viruddhAnupala. baviNyA0 a0kArya a0kA0 a0pU0 a0u0 a0saha asvabhA0 vyApa0 kArya kAraNa pUrvacara uttaracara sahacara vi.vyA0 kArya kAra0 pUrva0 utta0 sa0ca. vi0 kArya kAraNa svabhAva hetu-vimarza : 26 = 6 + 6 + 3 + 7-=22 hetubheda

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5 devasUri ( pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra 3 / 50-91 ) ke anusAra hetu - 41 2 1 aviru0 upala0 2 3 upalabdhi 2 1. aviruddhopalabdhi 6 2. viruddhopalabdhi 23 3. aviruddhAnupalabdhi 7 4. viruddhAnupalabdhi 5 kula 41 anupalabdhi viru0 upala0 aviruddhAnupala0 7 * 5 6 Y 7 TT 11 T a0 vyApya * kArya kAraNa pUrva 0 u0ca0 saha0 vi0sva0 vyApya kArya kAra0 pUrva * uttara 0 sahaca 0 3 4 5 HIN a0 sva0 vyApa0 kArya kAraNa pUrva0 uttara0 saha vi0 kArya 2 3 2 |_ viruddhAnupala0 7 sAkSAt viruddhopalabdhi hetu paramparA viruddhopalabdhi hetu 16 kula 23 3 5 6 4 kAraNa svabhA0 vyApa0 5 sahacara 224 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra

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1 svabhAva | 1 kAyarUpa 6 hemacandra ( pramANamImAMsA 1 / 2 / 22) ke anusAra 3 4 ! svabhAvAnupala0 kAraNAnupa0 kAryAnupa0 vyApakAnu0 1 - vidhisAdhana 4 2 - virodhi 4 + 3 = 7 vidhisAdhaka R kAraNarUpa - 6+1+2 = 6 niSeghasAdhaka niSedharUpa hetu - 5 ( svopajJavRtti 1 / 2 / 12 ke AdhAra se 11) 2 |3 |4 15 kAraNa kArya ekArthasamavAyi virodhi | vidhirUpa kula 11 7. abhinava dharmabhUSaNa (nyAyadIpikA pRSTha 95-99) ke |3 vizeSarUpa pratiSedhasAdhaka 1 T kArya |4 pUrvacara niSedhasAdhaka vidhirUpa 2 ! kAraNa pratiSedharUpa vidhisAdhaka |5 uttaracara anusAra pratiSedhasAdhaka |6 sahacara 3 1 vyApaka hetu-vimarza : 215

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adhyAya : 3 : prathama pariccheda anumAnAbhAsa -vimarza jaina tarka granthoM meM anumAna-sambandhI doSoMpara jo cintana upalabdha hai vaha mahattvapUrNa, dilacaspa aura dhyAtavya hai / yahA~ usapara vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / samantabhadradvArA nirdiSTa anumAna - doSa : samantabhadrane anumAnadoSoMpara yadyapi svatantrabhAvase kucha nahIM likhA, tathApi ekAntavAdoMkI samIkSAke sandarbha meM unhoMne katipaya anumAna doSoMkA ullekha kiyA hai / unase avagata hotA hai ki samantabhadra una doSoMse paricita ho nahIM, unake vizeSajJa the / udAharaNArtha unakA yahA~ eka sthala upasthita kiyA jAtA hai / vijJAnAdvaita samIkSA karate hue ve usameM doSa-pradarzana karate haiM / likhate haiM' ki 'vijJaptimAtAkI siddhi yadi sAdhya aura sAdhanake jJAnase kI jAtI hai to advaitakI svIkRtike kAraNa na sAdhya sambhava hai aura na hetu; anyathA pratijJAdoSa aura hetudoSa prApta hoMge / ' samantabhadra ke isa doSApAdanase spaSTa hai ki ve pratijJAdoSa aura hetudoSa jaise anumAnadoSoMse suparicita the aura ve unheM mAnate the / tathA ina doSoMdvArA ekAntavAdasAdhaka anumAnoMko dUSita anumAna ( anumAnAbhAsa ) batalAte the / ataH samantabhadrake ukta pratipAdanaparase itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki unheM pratijJAdoSa ( pratijJAbhAsa - pakSAbhAsa) aura hetudoSa ( hetvAbhAsa ) ye do prakArake anumAnA 1. sAdhyasAdhanavizapteryAda vijJaptimAtratA / na sAdhyaM na ca hetuzca pratijJAhetudoSataH // -AptamI0 kA0 80 /

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anumAnAmAsa-vimarza : 220 bhAsa svIkrata haiN| sAdhya-siddhi meM dRSTAntako bhI aMga kahanese usakA doSa (dRSTAntAbhAsa ) bhI unheM abhipreta ho to Azcarya nahIM / asiddha, viruddha , vyabhicAra jaise hetvAbhAsoMkA to unhoMne spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| siddhasenanirUpita anumAnAbhAsa : siddhasenako hama anumAnAbhAsakA spaSTatayA vivecaka pAte haiM / yataH unhoMne parArthAnumAnake pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ye tIna avayava svIkAra kiye haiM ataH usake doSa bhI unhoMne tIna prakArake varNita kiye haiN| ve ye hai-(1) pakSAbhAsa, (2) hetvAbhAsa aura ( 3) dRSTAntAbhAsa / pakSAbhAsake siddha aura bAdhita ye do bheda karake bAdhitake siddhasenane aneka arthAt cAra bheda batalAye haiM-(1) pratyakSabAdhita, (2) liGgabAdhita, (3) lokabAdhita aura (4) svvcnbaadhit| hetvAbhAsa unhoMne tIna prakArake pratipAdita kiye haiM-(1) asiddha, (2) viruddha aura ( 3 ) anaikAntika / vaizeSika aura bauddha bhI yahI tIna hetvAbhAsa mA. nate haiM aura vidhyakA upapAdana ve yoM karate haiM ki yataH hetu trirUpa hai, ataH ekaeka rUpake abhAvameM ukta tIna ho hetvAbhAsa sambhava hai| yahA~ prazna ho sakatA hai ki hetukA rUpya lakSaNa mAnaneke kAraNa unake abhAvameM vaizeSika aura bauddhoMkA trividha hetvAbhAsa pratipAdana yukta hai / para jaina tAkikoMne ekamAtra anyathAnupapattiko hI hetulakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai| svayaM siddhasenane bhanyathAnupapanatvaM hatolakSaNAritam' zabdoM dvArA anyathAnuphpannatvako hI hetukA lakSaNa batalAyA hai| ataH unake anusAra hetvAbhAsa eka honA cAhie, tIna nahIM ? isakA uttara svayaM siddhasenane yuktipurassara yaha diyA hai ki cUMki anyathAnu 1. dRSTAntasiddhAvubhayorvivAda sAdhyaM prasiddhayanna tu tAdRsti / nayaH sa dRssttaantsmrthnste| -svayambhU0 kA 55 tathA 53 / 2. yuktya0 kA0 12, 18, 29 / 3. nyAyAva0 kA0 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 / 4. pratipAdyasya yaH siddhaH pakSAbhAso'kSa-liGgataH / loka-svavacanAmyAM ca bAdhito'nekapA mtH|| -vahI, kA0 21 / 5, 6. anyathAnupapannatvaM hetolakSaNamoritam / tadapratIti-sandeha-viparyAsaistadAbhatA // asiddhastvapratIto yo yo'nyathaivopapadyate / viruddho yo'nyathApyatra yukto'nekAntikaH sa tu // -vahI, kA0 22, 23 /

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138 :ba savAlameM gabumAna-vicAra papatti yA anyathAnupapanatvakA abhAva tIna tarahase hotA hai| yA to usakI pratIti na ho, yA usameM sandeha ho aura yA usakA viparyAsa ho / pratIti na hone para hetu asiddha, sandeha honepara anaikAntika aura viparyAsa honepara viruddha kahA jAtA hai| ataeva tIna hetvAbhAsoMkA pratipAdana bhI jaina paramparAmeM sambhava hai / siddhasenane' dRSTAntadoSoMko prathamataH do vargoMmeM vibhakta kiyA hai-(1) sAdharmyadRSTAntadoSa aura (2) vaidharmya dRSTAntadoSa / tathA ina donoMko unhoMne chaha-chaha prakArakA batalAyA hai / inameM sAdhyavikala, sAdhanavikala aura ubhayavikala pe tIna sAdhAya'dRSTAntadoSa tathA sAdhyAvyAvRtta, sAdhanAgyAvRtta aura ubhayAvyAvRtta ye tona vaivayaM dRSTAntadoSa nyAyapraveza jaise haiM / parantu sandigdhasAdhya, sandigdhasAdhana aura sandigdhobhaya ye tIna sAdharmya dRSTAntadoSa tathA sandigdhasAdhyavyAvRtti, sandigdhasApamavyAvRtti aura sandigdhobhayavyAvRtti ye tona vaidhayaM dRSTAntadoSa dharmakotikI taraha kathita hai| nyAyapravezagata ananvaya aura viparItAnvaya ye do sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa tathA avyatireka aura viparItavyatireka ye do vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa evaM dharmakoti svIkRta apradarzitAnvaya aura apradarzitavyatireka ye do sAdharmya-vadharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa siddhasenako mAnya nahIM haiN| isa sandarbha meM siddharSigaNIko atirikta dRSTAntAbhAsasamIkSA dRSTavya hai / siddhasenane ina dRSTAntadoSoMko yadyapi 'nyAyavidIrItAH' zabdoM dvArA nyAyavettA-pratipAdita kahA hai phira bhI unakA apanA bhI cintana hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne na tonyAyapravezakI taraha pAMca-pAMca aura na dharmakotiko taraha nau-no sAdharmya-vaiSaHdRSTAntAbhAsa svIkAra kiye / hA~, apane aGgIkRta ukta chaha-chaha dRSTAntAbhAsoMke cayanameM unhoMne ina donoMse madada avazya lI hai aura usako sUcanA 'syAmavidIritAH' kaha kara kI hai| akalaGkIya anumAnadoSanirUpaNa : jaina nyAyameM akalaGka aise sUkSma evaM pratibhAzAlI cintaka haiM, jinhoMne anumAnA. bhAsoMkI mAnyatAmeM nayA cintana prastuta kiyA hai / akalaGkake pUrva jaina dArzanika 1. sApayeNAtra dRSTAntadASA nyAyavidoritAH / apalakSaNahetUtyAH sAdhyAdivikalAdayaH / / vaidhayeNAtra dRSTAntadoSA nyAyavidIritAH / sAdhyasAdhanayugmAnAmanivRttezca saMzayAt // nyAyAva. kA0 24, 25 / 2. nyAyapra0 pR05-7| 3. nyAyavi0 pR0 94-101 / 4. nyAyAva0 TI0 kA0 24, pR. 57 /

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anumAnAbhAsa-vimarza : 111 anumAnake tIna avayavoMkI mAnyatAke kAraNa tIna anumAnAbhAsa svIkAra karate the| para akalaGkadeva anumAnake mUlataH do ho avayava ( aGga) mAnate haiM-(1) sAdhya aura ( 2 ) sAdhana / tIsarA avayava dRSTAnta to alpajJoMkI dRSTise athavA kisI sthalavizeSakI apekSAse hI pratipAdita hai / ataH dRSTAntAbhAsa nAmaka tIsare anumAnAbhAsakA nirUpaNa sArvajanIna nahIM hai| akalaGkakI ukta mAnyatAnusAra anumAnAbhAsa nimna prakAra haiM :sAdhyAbhAsa : __ akalaGkase pUrva pratijJAbhAsa yA pakSAbhAsa nAmakA anumAnAbhAsa mAnA jAtA thaa| para akalaGkane usake sthAnameM sAdhyAbhAsa nAma rakhA hai| akalaGkako yaha nAmaparivartana athavA sudhAra kyoM abhISTa huA ? pUrva nAmoMko hI unhoMne kyoM nahIM rahane diyA? yaha eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| hamArA vicAra hai ki anumAnake prayojaka tattva mukhyatayA do hI haiM-(1) jisako siddhi karanA hai arthAt sAdhya aura (2) jisase usakI siddhi karanA hai arthAt sAdhana / anumAnakA lakSaNa ( sAdhamAramAdhyavijJAnamanumAnam ) bhI ina do ho tattvoMpara AdhArita mAnA gayA hai| ataH anumAnake sandarbha meM sAdhanadoSoMkI taraha sAdhyadoSa (asAdhya yA sAdhyAbhAsa) hI vicAraNIya haiN| jaba abAdhita, abhipreta aura aprasiddhako sAdhya kahA jAtA hai to bAdhita, anabhipreta aura siddhako sAdhyAbhAsa hI mAnA jAyegA, kyoMki vaha (bAdhitAdi sAdhya) sAdhanakA viSaya nahIM hotaa| jo bAdhita hai vaha siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, anabhipretako siddha karane meM atiprasaGgadoSa hai aura prasiddhako sisa karanA nirarthaka hai / ataH akalaGkadevakA ukta saMzodhana ( nAmaparivartana ) isa sUkSma tathyakA prakAzaka jAna par3atA hai / ataeva pratijJAbhAsa yA pakSAbhAsa nAmakI apekSA anumAnAbhAsake prathama bhedakA nAma sAdhyAbhAsa adhika anurUpa hai| yoM to sAdhyako anumeyakI taraha pakSa aura sAdhyAbhAsako anumeyAbhAsako bhAMti pakSAbhAsa yA pratijJAbhAsa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| para sUkSma vicArakI dRSTise sAdhyAbhAsa nAma hI upayukta hai| akalaGkadevane sAdhya aura sAdhyAbhAsako jo paribhASAe~ prastuta kI haiM unake anusAra sAdhyAbhAsake mUla tIna bheda phalita hote haiM-(1) azakya ( viruddha1. sAdhanAtsAdhyavizAnamanumAnaM tdtyye| -nyAyavi0 kA0 170; anumAna prastAva (akalaM. gra0 pR0 52 / 2, 3. sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddhaM tato'param / sAdhyAbhAsaM viruddhAdi sAdhanAviSayatvataH / / -bahI, kA0 172, anu0 10 aka. gra0 pR0 53 / / 4. tadaviSayatvaM ca nirAkRtasyAzakyatvAdanabhipretasyAtiprasaMgAtmasiddhasya ca vaiyayA't / vAdirAja, nyAyavi0, vi0 213, pR0 225 /

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230 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra bAdhita-nirAkRta ), (2) anabhipreta aura ( 3 ) prasiddha / para siddha sena anabhipreta bheda nahIM mAnate, zeSa siddha aura bAdhita ye do hI bheda svIkAra karate haiM / kintu jaba sAdhyako vAdIko apekSA abhipreta-iSTa honA bhI Avazyaka hai, anyathA aniSTa bhI sAdhya ho jAegA, taba anabhipreta ( aniSTa ) ko sAdhyAbhAsakA eka prakAra mAnanA hI caahie| udAharaNArtha zabdakI anityatA asiddha aura zakya (abAdhita) honepara bhI mImAMsakake lie vaha aniSTa hai / ataH mImAMsakako apekSA vaha aniSTa sAdhyAbhAsa hai / tAtparya yaha ki sAdhyAbhAsake lakSaNameM anabhipreta vizeSaNa vAMchanIya hai aura taba sAdhyAbhAsa dvividha na hokara trividha hogaa| sAdhyAbhAsake sambandhameM akalaMkako siddhasenase dUsarI bhinnatA yaha hai ki akalaMkane bAdhita sAdhyAbhAsake avAntara bhedoMkA ullekha nahIM kiyA, jabaki siddhasenane usake cAra bhedoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai, jaisA ki hama Upara dekha cuke haiM / hA~, akalaMkake vyAkhyAkAra vAdirAjane' avazya unake virudvAdi' padakA vyAkhyAna karate hue bAdhita ( viruddha-nirAkRta ) ke pratyakSanirAkRta, anumAnanirAkRta aura AgamanirAkRta ye tIna bheda varNita kiye haiN| inameM Adike do bheda siddhasenake uparyukta cAra bhedoMmeM bhI pAye jAte haiN| para 'AgamanirAkRta' nAmakA bheda unameM nahIM hai aura vaha nayA hai| vAdirAjane siddhasenake svavacanabAdhita aura lokabAdhita ina do bAdhitoMko yahA~ chor3a diyA hai| parantu apanI svatantra kRti pramANanirNayameM ukta tInoM bAdhitoMke atirikta ina dokA bhI unhoMne kathana kiyA hai aura isa prakAra pAMca bAdhitoMkA vahIM nirdeza hai| sAdhanAbhAsa : jaina tAkika hetu ( sAdhana )kA kevala eka anyathAnupapannatva-anyathAnupapatti rUpa mAnate haiN| ataH yathArtha meM unakA hetvAbhAsa ( sAdhanAbhAsa ) bhI usake abhAvameM eka honA cAhie, ekase adhika nahIM? isakA samAdhAna yoM to siddhasenane 1. viruddhAdi / vividhaM ruddha nirAkRtaM pratyakSAdinA viruddham / anenAzakyamuktam / na hi pratyakSAdinirAkRtaM zakyaM sAdhayitum |"ttr pratyakSanirAkRtaM "tadvadeva cAnumAnanirA. kRtaM...evamAgamanirAkRtamapi / -nyAyavi0 vi0 2 / 3, pR0 12 / 2. tatra pratyAviruddhaM.. anumAnaviruddhaM ... Agamaviruddha svavacanaviruddhaM ... lokaviruddha ythaa"| -pramANanirNa0 pR061-62 / 1. hetvAbhAsatvamanyathAnupapattivaikalyAt / tasya caikavidhatvAt tadAmAsAnAmapyekavidhatvameva prApnoti, bahuvidhatvaM ceSyate tatkamiti cet / nyA0 vi0vi0 2 / 196, pR0 225 / . . .

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anumAnAmAsa-vimarza : 21 kiyA hI hai| para akalaMkane bar3I yogyatA aura sUkSmatAse uttara diyA hai| ve' kahate haiM ki jo sAdhana anyathAnupapanna nahIM hai vaha sAdhanAbhAsa hai aura vaha vastutaH eka hI hai aura vaha hai akiMcitkara / viruddha, asiddha aura sandigdha ye usIkA vistAra hai| yataH anyathAnupapattikA abhAva aneka tarahase hotA hai, ataH hetvAbhAsa aneka prakArakA sambhava hai / anyathAnupapattikA nizcaya na honepara asiddha, viparyaya honepara viruddha aura sandeha honepara sandigdha ye tIna hetvAbhAsa kahe jA sakate haiN| ataeva jo hetu trilakSaNAtmaka honepara bhI anyathAnupapannatvase rahita haiM una sabako akalaMka akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsa mAnate haiM / yahAM prazna hai ki pUrva se aprasiddha evaM akalaGkadevadvArA svIkRta isa akicitkara hetvAbhAsakA AdhAra kyA hai ? kyoMki vaha na to kaNAda aura dignAga kathita tIna hetvAbhAsoMmeM hai aura na gautama svIkRta pAMca hetvAbhAsoMmeM ? zrI paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavIkA vicAra hai ki 'jayantabhaTTane apanI nyAyamaMjarI (pR0 163 )meM anyathAsiddha aparaparyAya aprayojaka nAmaka eka naye hetvAbhAsako mAnanekA pUrvapakSa kiyA hai jo vastutaH jayantake pahale kabhIse calA AtA huA jAna par3atA hai|"..."atev yaha sambhava hai ki aprayojaka yA anyathAsiddha mAnane vAle kisI pUrvavartI tArkika granthake AdhArapara hI akalaMkane akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsako apane DhaMgase nayI saSTi kI ho|' nissandeha jayantabhaTTane aprayojaka hetvAbhAsake sambandhameM kucha vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA hai| ve pahale to use chaThavAM hI hetvAbhAsa mAna lete hai aura yahAM taka kaha dete haiM ki vibhAgasUtrakA ullaMghana hotA hai to hone do, suspaSTa dRSTa aprayojaka ( anyathAsiddha ) hetvAbhAsakA apanhava nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura na vastukA atikramaNa / kintu pIche use ve asiddhavargameM hI zAmila kara lete haiM / antameM 'athavA'ke sAtha kahA hai ki anyathAsiddhatva ( aprayojakatva ) sabhI hetvAbhAsavRtti sAmAnya rUpa hai, chaThavAM hetvAbhAsa nahIM / isI antima abhimatako 1. (ka) sAdhanaM prakRtAbhAve'nupapannaM tato'pare / viruddhAsiddhasandigdhA akiMcitkara vistarAH / / -nyAyavi0 11101-102, pR0 127-130 / (kha) anyathAsambhavAbhAvamedAtsa bahudhA smRtaH / viruddhAsiddhasandigdhera kiMcitkaravistaraiH / / -vahI, 21167, pR. 225 / (ga) anyAthAnupapanatvarahitA ye trilkssnnaaH| akiMcitkArakAn sarvAstAn vayaM saMgirAmahe // -vaho, 2202, pR0 232 / 2. pra0 mI0 mASATi0 pR097| 3. nyA0 ma0 pR0 163-166 (prmeyprkrnn)|

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252 : jaina tarkazAsa bhanumAna-vicAra yAyakalikA' (pR0 15 )meM bhI sthira rakhA hai| zrIsaMghavIjokI sambhAvanApara jaba hamane akalaMkase pUrvavartI tAkika pranthoMmeM anyathAsida'kA anveSaNa kiyA to udyotakarake nyAyavAttikameM' 'manyathAsiddha' hetvAbhAsa mila gayA, jise unhoMne asiddha ke tIna bhedoMmeM parigaNita kiyA hai / vastutaH anyathAsiddha eka prakArakA aprayojaka yA akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsa hI hai| jo hetu nirarthaka ho svIkRta sAdhyako siddha na kara sake use anyathAsiddha athavA akiMcitkara kahanA cAhie / anyathasiddhatva anyathAnupapannatvake abhAva-anyaSA-upapannatvake atirikta kucha nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki akalaMkadevane sarvalakSaNa ( trirUpa athavA paMcarUpAdi) sampanna hone para bhI anyathAnupapannatvarahita hetuoMko akiMcitkara 'hetvAbhAsakI saMjJA do hai| ataeva akalaMkane udyotakarake anyathAsiddhatvake AdhArapara akicitkara hetvAbhAsako parikalpanA kI ho to Azcarya nhiiN| pramANasaMgrahagata pratipAdanase pratIta hotA hai ki ve akiMcitkarako pRthak hetvAbhAsa bhI mAnate haiM, kyoMki asiddhAdi anya tIna hetvAbhAsoMke lakSaNoMke sAtha usakA bhI svatantra lakSaNa diyA hai| isa hetvAbhAsake sambandhameM DA0 mahendra kumAra jainakA mata hai ki 'akalaMkadeva. kA abhiprAya akiMcitkarako svatantra hettvAbhAsa mAnaneke viSayameM sudRDha nahIM mAlUma hotA / ve likhate haiM ki sAmAnyase eka asiddha hetvAbhAsa hai / vahI viruddha, asiddha aura sandigdhake bhedase aneka prakArakA ho jAtA hai| phira likhA hai ki anyathAnuparattirahita jitane trilakSaNa haiM unheM akiMcitkara kahanA cAhie / isase jJAta hotA hai ki ve sAmAnyase hetvAbhAsoMko asiddha yA akiMcitkara saMjJA rakhanA cAhate haiN|' isameM sandeha nahIM ki akiMcitkarako svatantra hetvAbhAsa mAnaneko apekSA akalaMkadevakA adhika jhukAva use sAmAnya hetvAbhAsa aura viruddhAdiko usIkA 1. aprayAjakatvaM ca sarvahetvAbhAsAnAmanugata ruupm| anityAH paramANavo'mUrttatvAt iti sarvalakSaNasampanno'pyaprayojaka eva / -nyAyaka0 pR0 15 / 2. so'yamasiddhastredhA bhavati prajJApanIyadharmasamAnaH, AzrayAsiddhaH, anyathAsiddhazceti / nyA. vA0 11218, pR0 175 / / 3. akiMcitkArakAn sarvAstAn vayaM saMgirAmahe / -nyA0 vi0 2 / 202, pR0 232 / 4. sa viruddho'nyathAbhAvAt asiddhaH sarvavAtyayAt / vyabhicArI vipakSe'pi siddhe'kicitkaro'khilA // -pra0 saM048, 49, a0 pra0 pR0 111 / tathA si0 vi0 6 / 12, pR0 426 / 5. prastAvanA pR0 20, nyA. vi. vi. dvitIya mAga /

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anumAmAbhAsa-vimarza : 25 vistAra batalAnekI ora hai / para unhoMne sAmAnyase eka prasiddha hetvAbhAsa nahIM mAnA aura na hI viruddha, asiddha tathA sandigdhako usakA prakAra kahA hai / jJAta hotA hai ki DA. jainako alaMkadevake 'bhanyathAsambhavAbhAvabhedAt sa bahudhA smRtaH isa vAkyameM Aye 'sa' zabdase pUrvavartI kArikAvAkya 'asiddhazcAkSuSasvAdiH zabdAnityavasAdhane' meM Agata 'asiddha'ke grahaNa kA bhrama huA hai| yathArtha meM 'sa' zabdase vahAM sAmAnya hetvAbhAsakA grahaNa akalakadevako vivakSita hai / unake vyAkhyAkAra vAdirAjane bhI 'sa hetvAbhAso bahudhA bahuprakAraH smRtaH mata:' isa prakArase 'sa' zabdakA sAmAnya hetvAbhAsa vyAkhyAna kiyA hai, asiddha nahIM / dUsare, jaba prakAroMmeM bhI 'Asiddha' abhihita hai taba asiddhakA asiddha prakAra kaise sambhava hai ? yaha eka asaMgati hai / ata: akalaGkako viruddhAdi akicitkara nAmaka sAmAnya hetvAbhAsake to prakAra abhimata haiM, para asiddhake nhiiN| use svatantra hetvAbhAsa mAnanekI apekSA cAra hetvAbhAsa svIkAra kara akalaGkane unakA nimna prakAra vivecana kiyA hai (1) asiddha-jo pakSameM sarvathA pAyA hI na jAe athavA jisakA sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAva na ho vaha asiddha hai| jaise-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki cAkSuSa hai| yahAM cAkSuSatva hetu zabdameM nahIM rahatA, zabda to zrAvaNa hai| ataH asiddha haiN| (2) viruddha -jo sAdhyake abhAvameM pAyA jAe athavA sAdhyAbhAvake sAtha jisakA vyApti ho vaha viruddha hai| jaise-saba padArtha kSaNika haiM, kyoMki sat haiM / yahA~ sattva hetu sarvathA kSaNikatvase viruddha kathaMcit kSaNikatvake sAtha vyApti rakhatA hai / ataH viruddha hai| 1. nyA0 vi0 vi0 2 / 197 / 2. vahI, 21196 / 3. anyathAsambhavAbhAvaH anyathAnupapannatvasyAbhAvaH tasya bhedA nAnAtvaM tasmAt sa hetvAbhAso bahudhA bahuprakAraH smRto mata iti / kaiH kRtvA sa bahudhetyAha viruddhsiddhsndigdhairkiNcitkrvistraiH| -vaho, 21197 / 4. asiddhaH sarvathAtyayAt / -pra0saM0 kA0 48, pR0 111 / asiddhazcAkSuSatvAdiH zabdAnityatvasAdhane / -nyA0vi0 21196 / 5. sa viruddho'nyathAmAvAt / -pra0 saM0 kA0 48, pR0 111 / sAdhyAbhAvasambhavaniyamanirNayakalakSaNo virudo hetvAbhAsaH / yathA nityaH zabdaH sattvAt iti| -vaho, stro010 40, pR0 107 30

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254 : jaina tarkazAsa manumAna-vicAra ( 3 ) sandigdha'-jo pakSa aura sapakSakI taraha vipakSameM bhI rahe vaha sandigdha arthAt anekAntika hai / jaise - vaha sarvajJa nahIM hai. kyoMki vaktA hai / vaktRtva hetuke asarvazako taraha sarvajJameM bhI rahanekA sandeha hai / ataH vaha sandigdha hai| ( 4 ) akiMcitkara-jisakA sAdhya siddha ho, athavA anyathAnupapattise rahita jitane bhI hetu hoM ve saba akiMcitkara haiM / jaise-zabda vinAzI hai, kyoMki kRtaka hai / athavA yaha agni hai, kyoMki dhUma hai / kRtakatva aura dhUma hetu pratyakSasiddha vinAzitva aura agniko siddha karanese akiMcitkara haiN| akalaMkane dharmakIrti aura arcaTa dvArA ullikhita jJAtatvarUpake abhAvameM honevAle ajJAta sAdhanAbhAsako asiddhakA eka bheda kahakara usakA asiddha meM antarbhAva kiyA hai| isI prakAra dignAgake viruddhAvyabhicArokA, jise unhoMne anaikAntikakA eka bheda mAnA hai, viruddha meM samAveza kiyA hai| parasparavirodhI do hetuoMkA eka dharmImeM prayoga honepara prathama hetu viruddhAvyabhicArI kahA jAtA hai| yaha naiyAyikoMke prakaraNasama ( satpratipakSa ) hetvAbhAsa jaisA hai| donoM hetu saMzayajanaka honese donoMkA samuccayarUpa yaha viruddhAvyabhicArI anekAntika hetvAbhAsa hai| dharmakotine ise svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unakA mata hai ki jisa hetukA rUpya pramANase prasiddha hai, usake virodhI hetukA avasara hI nahIM hai| prazastapAdakA maMtavya hai ki ukta hetvAbhAsa saMzayahetu nahIM hai, kyoMki saMzayakA kAraNa viSayadvatadarzana hai| kintu samAnAsamAna jAtIya do dharmoMma tulya bala honese paraspara virodha hai aura isa virodhake kAraNa ve (donoM hetu) kevala ekapakSIya nirNayAnutpAdaka hai, na ki sNshyhetu| dUsare, ve tulyabala bhI nahIM haiM, kyoMki unamese ekakA sAdhya bAdhita ho jAtA 1. vyabhicArI vipakSe'pi / -pra0 saM0 kA 48, pR0 111 / anizcitavipakSavRttiranaikAntikaH / -vahI, kA0 40, pR0 108 / / 2. siddha kicitkaro hetuH svayaM saadhyvypekssyaa| -pra0saM0 kA0 44, pR0 110 / siddhe'kiMcitkaro'khilaH / -vaho, kA0 48, pR0 111 / / 3. sAdhye'pi kRtakatvAdiH azAta: sAdhanAbhAsaH / tadasiddhalakSaNena aparo hetvAbhAsaH / -pra0 sa - svo0 vR0 44, pR0 110 / 4. nyA0 pra0 pR0 4-5 / 5. ubhayoH saMzayahetutvAd dvAvapyetAveko'naikAntikaH samuditAveva / -jyA0 pra0 pR05| 6. nyA0 vi0 pR0 86 / 7. 'na, saMzayo viSayadvaitadarzanAt / "tulyabalatve ca tayoH parasparavirodhAnnirNayAnu tpAdakatvaM syAnna tu saMzayahetutvam / na ca tayostulyabalatvamasti anyatarasyAnumeyodezasyAgamavAdhitatvAdayaM tu viruddhameda eva / -praza0 bhA0 pR0 116 /

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anumAnAbhAsa-vimarza : 255 hai| ataH vaha eka viruddhakA bheda hai-pratyakSAdiviruddha pratijJAbhAsoMmeMse koI eka hai| akalaMkakA mata hai ki jo hetu viruddha kA avyabhicArI-vipakSa meM rahanevAlA hai use viruddha hetvAbhAsa honA caahie| isa taraha akalaMkane sAmAnyarUpase eka akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsa svIkAra karake bhI vizeSarUpase usake asiddha, viruddha aura anekAntika ye tIna tathA akiMcitkara sahita cAra hetvAbhAsoMkA kathana kiyA hai| dRSTAntAbhAsa : akalaMkane pratipAdyavizeSa athavA sthalavizeSakI AvazyakatAko dhyAnameM rakhate hue 'sadAbhAsAH sAdhyAdivikalAdayaH' zabdoM dvArA sAdhyavikala Adi dRSTAntAbhAsoMkI bhI sUcanA ko hai| parantu unakI isa saMkSipta sUcanAparase yaha jJAta karanA duSkara hai ki unheM usake mUla aura avAntara bheda kitane abhipreta hai| para hA~, unake vyAkhyAkAra vAdirAjake vyAkhyAna ( vivaraNa ) se unake Azayako jAnA jA sakatA hai| vAdirAjane' dharmakItiko taraha usake sAdharmya aura vaidhayaM ye do mUla bheda aura unake avAntara nau-nau prakAra pradarzita kiye haiN| yathA1. sAdharmyaSTAntAbhAsa : (1) sAdhyavikala-zabda nitya hai, kyoMki amUrtika hai, karmako taraha / yahAM karma dRSTAnta sAdhyavikala hai, kAraNa ki vaha nitya nahIM hai, anitya hai| yaha sAdhyavikala sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsakA nidarzana hai| ( 2 ) sAdhanavikala-ukta anumAnameM paramANukA dRSTAnta denA sAdhana vikala sAdharmyadRSThAntAbhAsa hai, kyoMki paramANu amUrtika nahIM hai, mUrtika hai / (3) ubhayavikala-uparyukta anumAnameM hI ghaTakA dRSTAnta ubhayavikala sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa hai, kyoMki ghaTa na nitya hai aura na amUrtika, vaha anitya tathA mUttika hai| ( 4 ) sandigdhasAdhya -sugata rAgAdimAna haiM, kyoMki utpanna hote haiM, rathyA puruSakI trh| yahAM rathyApuruSameM rAgAdikA nizcaya nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSAdise unakA nizcaya karanA azakya hai / (5) sandigdhasAdhana-yaha maraNazIla hai, kyoMki rAgAdimAn hai, rathyA puruSakI taraha / yahAM rathyApuruSameM rAgAdikA pUrvavat anizcaya hai / 1. viruddhAmyamicArI syAt viruddha viduSAM punaH / -pra0saM0 kA0 47 tathA kA0 44 ko svI0 vR0 pR0 110-111 / 2. nyA0 vi0 2 / 211, pR0 240 / 3. nyA0 vi0 2 / 211, pR0 240-41 / 4. nyAyavi0 0 94-102 /

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256 : jaina tazAca anumAna-vicAra (6) sandigdhomaya-yaha asarvajJa hai, kyoMki rAgAdimAn hai, rathyApuruSako taraha / yahAM radhyApuruSameM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoMkA anizcaya hai| (7) ananvaya-yaha rAgAdimAn hai, kyoMki vaktA hai, rathyApuruSakI taraha yahAM rathyApurupameM rAgAdikA sadbhAva siddha na honese anvaya asiddha haiN| (8) apradarzitAnvaya-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki kRtaka hai, ghaTako taraha / yahAM 'jo jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha vaha anitya hotA hai' aisA anvaya pradarzita nahIM hai, kyoMki kRtakatAkA jJAna hone para bhI anityakA jJAna zakya nahIM hai| (E) viparItAnvaya-'jo anitya hotA hai vaha kRtaka hotA hai' aisA vipa rIta anvaya prastuta karanA viparotAnvaya sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| ye nau sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa haiN| 2. vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa : (1) sAdhyAvyAvRtta-zabda nitya hai, kyoMki amUrta hai, jo nitya nahIM hotA vaha amUrta bhI nahIM hotA, jaise paramANu / yahAM paramANukA dRSTAnta sAdhyAvyAvRtta vaidharmya dRSTAntabhAsa haiM, kAraNa ki paramANuoMmeM sAdhanako vyAvRtti honepara bhI sAdhya (nityatva)ko vyAvRtti nahIM hai| (2) sAdhanAvyAvRtta-ukta anumAnameM kamakA dRSTAnta sAdhanAvyAvRtta hai, kyoMki usameM sAdhya (nityatva) ko vyAvRtti rahane para bhI sAdhana ( amUrtatva ) kI avyAvRtti hai| (3) ubhayAvyAvRtta-ukta anumAnameM ho AkAzakA dRSTAnta ubhayAvyA vRtta hai, kyoMki AkAzameM na sAdhya ( nityatva ) ko vyAvRtti hainityatva rahatA hI hai aura na amUrttatvako byAvRtti hai-vaha usameM rahatA hI hai| ( 4 ) sandigdhasAdhyavyatireka-sugata sarvajJa haiM, kyoMki anupadezAdipramANa yuktatattvapravaktA hai, jo sarvajJa nahIM vaha ukta prakArakA pravaktA nahIM, yathA vothiipuruss| yahAM vIthIpuruSameM sarvajJatvakI vyAvRtti ani zcita hai, kAraNa ki parake manakI bAtako jAnanA duSkara hai| (5) sandigdhasAdhanavyatireka-zabda anitya hai kyoMki sat hai, jo anitya nahIM hotA vaha sat bhI nahIM hotA, jaise gagana / gaganameM sattvarUpa sAdhanako vyAvRtti sandigdha hai, kyoMki vaha adRzya hai| 1. vAdirAja, nyA0 vi0 vi0 2 / 211, pR0 241 / tulanA nyAyavi0 pR067-101

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anumAnAbhAsa-vimarza : 230 (6 ) sandigdhobhayavyatireka hariharAdi saMsAro haiM, kyoMki ajJAnAdi yukta haiM / jo saMsArI nahIM hai vaha ajJAnAdi doSa yukta nahIM hai, yathA buddha / buddha meM saMsAritva sAdhya aura ajJAnAdiyuktatva sAdhana donoM ko vyAvRtti anizcita hai| (7) anyatireka-zabda nitya hai, kyoMki amUrta hai, jo nitya nahIM vaha amUrta nahIM, yathA ghar3A / ghar3emeM sAdhyako vyAvRtti rahanepara bhI hetukI vyAvRtti tatprayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki karma anitya honepara bhI amUrta (8) apradarzitavyatireka-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki sat hai, AkAzako taraha / yahAM vaidhayeNa AkAzameM vyatireka apradarzita hai| (9) viparItavyatireka-ukta anumAnameM hI 'jo sat nahIM vaha anitya bhI nahIM, jaise AkAza' yahAM sAdhanako vyAvRttise sAdhyakI vyAvRtti dikhAI gayI hai, jo viruddha hai| isa taraha vAdirAjane' akalaMkake abhiprAyakA uddhaghATana karate hue nau sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa aura no ho vaidhaya'dRSTAntAbhArA kula aThAraha dRSTAntAbhAsoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| uparyukta adhyayanase vidita hotA ki akalaMkake cintanameM hameM sAdhyAbhAsake tIna bhedoMkI mAnyatA, hesvAbhAsasAmAnyakA akiMcitkara nAmakaraNa aura usake tIna athavA cAra prakAroMko parikalpanA tathA pratipAdya vizeSakI apekSA sAdhyavikalAdi daSTAntAbhAsoMkI svIkRti ye upalabdhiyAM prApta hotI haiN| yaha avazya hai ki ina anumAnadoSoMkA pratipAdana unake upalabdha nyAyavAGmayameM kramabaddha aura ekatra upalabdha nahIM hotA-atisaMkSepameM hI unapara prakAza prApta hotA hai| sambhava hai anumAnadoSoMkA nirUpaNa unheM utanA abhISTa na ho jitanA samIkSya dArzanika prameyoM ( viSayoM ) ko samIkSA / sambhavataH isIse akalaMkake nyAyavAGmayake taladRSTA mANikyanandikA dhyAna udhara gayA aura unhoMne apane parIkSAmukhameM AbhAsoMkA pratipAdaka eka svatantra hI pariccheda nirmita kara usameM anumAnA bhAso. kA kramabaddha evaM ekatra vizada aura vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA hai| mANikyanandidvArA anumAnAbhAsa-pratipAdana : yadyapi jaina paramparAmeM jainanyAyapara jalpanirNaya, trilakSaNakadarthana, vAdanyAya, nyAyavinizcaya, siddhivinizcaya, pramANasaMgraha jaise mahattvapUrNa aneka prakaraNagrantha likhe 1. te ime pUrvasUcitA aSTAdazApi dRSTAntAbhAsAH / -nyA0 vi0 vi0 14211, pR0 241 /

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258 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra jA cuke the, para gautamake nyAyasUtra, diGnAgaziSya zaGkarasvAmI ke nyAyapraveza aura dharmakItike nyAyavindu kI taraha jainanyAyako gadyasUtroMmeM nibaddha karanevAlA koI gadyanyAyamUtra grantha nahIM racA gayA thaa| mANikyanandine jaina nyAyako gadyasUtroMmeM nibaddha karanevAlI apanI mahattvapUrNa kRti 'parIkSAmukha', jo jaina paramparAkA prathama 'nyAyasUtra' hai aura jise unake TIkAkAra anantavIryane 'nyAyavidyA' evaM akalaMkake vacombhodhikA 'amRta' kahA hai, likhakara ukta kamIko pUrA kiyA hai / isake antima paricchedameM mANikyanandine anumAnAbhAsa prakaraNako Arambha karate hue use cAra vargoMmeM vibhakta kiyA hai-(1) pakSAbhAsa, (2) hetvAbhAsa, ( 3 ) dRSTAntAbhAsa aura ( 4 ) baalpryogaabhaas| inameM Adya tIna to sabhI tAkikoMke dvArA cacita evaM nirUpita haiN| kintu antima caturtha bAlaprayogAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa hama spaSTatayA mANikyanandike parIkSAmukhameM pAte haiN| (1) trividha pakSAbhAsa mANikyanandine akalaMkakI taraha isake tIna bheda batalAye haiM- (1) aniSTa, (2) siddha aura (3) bAdhita / bAdhitake bhI unhoMne pAMca prakAra nirdiSTa kiye hai| ye vahI hai jinakA vAdirAjane bhI nirdeza kiyA hai aura jinake viSayameM hama Upara prakAza DAla Ae haiM / para mANikyanandike udAharaNa itane vizada aura svAbhAvika hai ki adhyetA unakI ora svabhAvataH AkRSTa hotA hai / yathA( 1 ) pratyakSabAdhita -agni anuSNa hai, kyoMki dravya hai, jalakI taraha, yahAM agniko anuSNatA spArzanapratyakSase bAdhita hai / ( 2 ) anumAnabAdhita-zabda apariNAmI hai, kyoMki kRtaka hai, ghaTakI taraha / yahAM zabda pariNamanazIla hai, kyoMki vaha kiyA jAtA hai, jaise ghaTa / isa anumAnase uparyukta pakSa bAdhita hai| 1. akalaMkavacAmbhodheruddadhe yena dhImatA / nyAyavidyAmRtaM tasmai namo mANikyanandine // -prameyara0 mA0 pR0 3-4 / 2. idamanumAnAbhAsam / -prokssaamu06|11| 3. tatrAniSTAdiH pakSAmAsaH / aniSTo mImAsakasyAnityaH zabdaH / siddhaH zrAvaNaH zabdaH / bAdhitaH pratyakSAnumAnAgamalokasvavacanaiH / -vahI, 6 / 12-15 / 4. tatra pratyakSabAdhito yathA'nuSNo'gnidravyavAjjalavat / -prokssaamu06|16 / / 5. apariNAmo zandaH kRtakatvAd ghaTavat / -vahI, 6 / 17 /

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anumAnAmAsa-vimarza : 215 (3) bhAgamabAdhita'-dharma paralokameM asukhaprada hai, kyoMki puruSa dvArA sampAdita hotA hai, jaise adhrm| yahAM pakSa AgamabAdhita hai, kyoMki AgamameM dharma sukhakA aura adharma dukhakA dene vAlA batalAyA gayA (4) lokabAdhita -manuSyake zirakA kapAla pabitra hotA hai, kyoMki vaha prANIkA avayava hai, jaise zaMkha-zakti / yahAM pakSa lokabAdhita hai, kyoMki lokameM prANIkA avayava hote hue bhI amuka avayava pavitra aura amuka apavitra mAnA gayA hai| (5) svavacanabAdhita 3-merI mAtA bandhyA hai, kyoMki puruSasaMyoga hone para bhI garbha nahIM rahatA, jaise prsiddhbndhyaa| yahAM pakSa svavacanabAdhita hai, kyoMki svayaM maujUda hote hue bhI mAtAko bandhyA kaha rahA hai| (2) caturvidha hetvAbhAsa : ___ mANikyanandine pUrva se prasiddha asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika ina tIna hetvAbhAsoMmeM akalaMkokta akicitkara hetvAbhAsako bhI sammilita karake cAra hetvAbhAsoMkA akalaMkakI taraha hI varNana kiyA hai| vizeSa yaha ki mANikyanandine asiddhake svarUpAsiddha aura sandigdhAsiddha ye do bheda spaSTa pratipAdita kiye haiM / ajJAtAsiddha kA bhI ullekha karake usakA siddha hetvAbhAsa meM hI samAveza kiyA hai aura use sAMkhyakI apekSA batalAyA hai| udAharaNArtha sAMkhyake lie 'zabda pariNamanazIla hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai' isa prakAra kRtakatva hetuse zabdako pariNamanazIla siddha karanA, ajJAtAsiddha hai, kyoMki sAMkhyane kabhI zabdako kRtaka nahIM jAnA, vaha to usakI abhivyakti jAnatA hai| anekAntikake' bhI do bhedoM-(1) nizcita vipakSavRtti aura ( 2)zaMkitavipakSavRttikA mANikyanandine nirdeza karake unakA svarUpa pratipAdana kiyA hai| 1. pretyAsukhaprado dharmaH puruSAzritatvAdadharmavat / -pro0,6|8| 2. zuci nara ziraH kapAlaM prANyaMgatvAcchaMkhazuktivat / -vahI. 6 / 16 / 3. mAtA me bandhyA puruSasaMyoge'tyagarbhavAt prasiddhabandhyAvat / -vahI, 6 / 20 / 4. hetvAmAmA asiddhaviruddhAnekAntikAkiMcitkarAH / -pa0 mu06|21 / 5. vahI, 6 / 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 / 6. vahI, 6 / 27-28 / 7. vahI, 6 / 31-33 /

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240 : jaina tarkazAkhameM anumAna-vicAra inako' ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki inhoMne akiMcitkarake ( 1 ) siddha aura ( 2 ) bAdhita ye do bheda batalAye haiM, jabaki akalaMkane akiMcitkarakA eka 'siddha' mAtra bheda batalAyA hai aura bAdhitako sAdhyAbhAsoMmeM grahaNa kiyA hai| yathArtha meM akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsa2 lakSaNavicArake samayameM ho hotA hai, vAdake samaya nhiiN| vAdake samaya to vyutpannake lie kiyA gayA prayoga pakSameM dUSaNapradarzana dvArA ho dUpita ho jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki vAdakAlameM pakSako pakSAbhAsa batA deneke bAda akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsakA udbhAvana nirarthaka hai| ataH mAtra laaNa-vicArameM hI akiMcitkarakA vicAra kiyA gatA hai| (3) dvividha dRSTAntAbhAsa : (1) anvayadRSTAntAbhAsa-mANikyanandine dRSTAntAbhAsoMkA nirUpaNa karate hue unheM do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA hai-(1) anvayadRSTAntAbhAsa aura (2) vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsa / inameM anvayadRSTAntAbhAsake cAra bheda haiM-(1) asiddhasAdhya, ( 2 ) asiddhasAdhana, ( 3 ) asiddhobhaya aura ( 4 ) viparItAnvaya / inameM Adike tIna to prazastapAda aura diGnAga kathita tathA cauthA dignAga aura dharmakoti pratipAdita hai aura jinheM hama vAdirAja dvArA udAhRta pUrvokta dRSTAntAbhAsoMmeM bhI dekha cuke haiN| mANikyanandine prazastapAda, dignAga aura dharmakoti pratipAdita tathA vAdirAja dvArA anusRta zeSa anvayadaSTAntAbhAsoMko chor3a diyA hai| (2) vyatirekaDaSTAntAbhAsa -anvayadRSTAntAbhAsoMkI taraha vyatirekadaSTAntAbhAsake bhI cAra bheda haiM-(1) asiddhasAdhyavyatireka, (2) asiddhasAdhanavyatireka, ( 3 ) asiddhobhayavyatireka aura ( 4 ) viparItavyatireka / inameM Adya tIna prazastapAda aura diGnAga vaNita tathA caturtha dignAga aura dharmakIrti abhihita haiM aura jinheM bhI hama vAdirAjake vyAkhyAname jJAta kara cuke haiN| zeSa uparyuka tAkikoMdvArA svIkRta tathA vAdirAjadvArA pradarzita vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsoMko bhI mANikyanandine svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| (I) caturvidha bAla-prayogAbhAsa : avayava-vimarza prakaraNameM yaha spaSTa kara Aye haiM ki parArthAnumAnakA prayoga 1. parI0, 6635-38 / 2. vhii06|38| 3. dRSTAntAbhAsA anvaye'siddhasAdhyasAdhanomayAH / apauruSeyaH zabdo'mUrtatvAdindriyasukhapara__mANughaTavat / viparotAnvayazca yadapauruSeyaM tadamUrtam / vidyudAdinA'tiprasaMgAt / -parI0 mu. 6 / 40-43 / 4. vahI, 6241-45 /

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anumAnAmAsa-vimarza : 24 // vyutpanna aura avyutpanna pratipAdyoMkI apekSA do prakArakA hai| avyutpanna pratipAdyoMke prayogako hI bAla-prayoga aura usake AbhAsa ( asata prayoga ko bAlaprayogAbhAsa kahA gayA hai / prakRtameM dekhanA hai ki mANikyanandine bAlaprayogAbhAsakA kyA svarUpa batalAyA hai ? bAlaprayogake vivecanake samaya yaha jJAta kara cuke haiM ki vibhinna mandamati pratipAdyoMke lie jaina tAkikoMne utane avayavoMkA prayoga Avazyaka mAnA hai jitanoMse unheM prakRtArthapratipatti ho jaae| kisI mandamatike lie pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tIna avayavoMkI AvazyakatA hotI hai, kisIke lie upanayasahita cAroMko aura kisI anyake lie nigamanasahita paaNcoNko| ataeva yathAyogya prayoga bAlaprayoga aura usase anyathA ... nyUna athavA viparota prayoga bAlaprayogAbhAsa hai| aura isa prakAra bAlaprayogAbhAsa cAra prakArakA sambhava hai-( 1 ) dvi-avayavaprayogAbhAsa, (2) tri-avayavaprayogAbhAsa, ( 3 ) caturavayavaprayogAbhAsa aura ( 4 ) viparItAvayavaprayogAbhAsa / (1) dvi-avayavayogAbhAsa kisI mandamati pratipAdya ke lie pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tInakA prayoga Avazyaka hai, kintu usake lie kevala pakSa aura hetu dokA hI prayoga karanA dvi-avayavaprayogAbhAsa nAmakA bAlaprayogAbhAsa hai| (2) tri-avayavaprayogAbhAsa-cAra prayogoMse samajhane vAle pratipAdyake lie tInakA hI prayoga karanA tri-avayavaprayAMgAbhAsa hai| ( 3 ) caturavayavaprayogAbhAsa-pAMca avayavaprayogoMse sAdhyArthakA jJAna karanevAle bAlake lie cAra avayavakA hI prayoga karanA caturavayavabAlaprayogAbhAsa hai| jaise-'yaha pradeza agnivAlA hai, kyoMki ghUmavAlA hai, jo dhUmavAlA hotA hai vaha agnivAlA hotA hai, yathA mahAnasa, aura dhUmavAlA yaha hai' ina cArakA hI prayoga karanA, niga manakA nhiiN| (4) viparItAvayavaprayogAbhAsa-kramabaddha avayavoMkA prayoga na kara viparIta prayoga karanA viparItAvayavaprayogagAbhAsa hai| jaise upanaya na kahakara 1. bAlaprayogAbhAsaH paMcAvayaveSu kiyddhiintaa| -parI0 mu0 6 / 46 / 2. agnimAnayaM dezo dhUmavatvAt , yadityaM taditthaM yathA mahAnasaH, dhUmavAMzcAryAmati vA / -vaho, 6147-48 / 3. tasmAdagnimAn dhUmavAMzcAyam / -parIkSAmu0649 /

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242 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna vicAra nigamanakA prayoga krnaa| yathA-dhUmavAlA honese agnivAlA hai (nigamana), aura yaha ghUmavAlA hai ( upanaya ) / ____ mANikyanandine ukta prakArake prayogoMko bAlaprayogAbhAsa isalie batalAyA hai kyoMki jisa pratipAdyane amuka saMkhyaka avayavoMse sAdhyArthapratipattikA saMketa grahaNa kara rakhA hai usake lie utane saMkhyaka avayavoMkA prayoga na kara kama prayoga athavA kramabhaMga kara prayoga karanese use prakRtArthako spaSTatAse pratipatti nahIM ho sktii| prazna hai ki jaba mandaprajJoMke lie kama-se-kama tIna aura adhika-se-adhika pAMca avayava apekSaNIya hai to unake AbhAsa bhI kama-se-kama tIna aura adhikase-adhika pAMca honA caahie| kintu uparyukta vivecanameM pakSAbhAsa, hetvAbhAsa aura dRSTAntAbhAsa ina tona avayavAbhAsoMkA to kathana upalabdha hai, para upanayAbhAsa aura nigamanAbhAsa ina dokA nahIM, yaha vicAraNIya hai ? hamArA vicAra hai ki hetUko Avattiko upanaya aura pratijJAke upasaMhArako nigamana kahA gayA hai / ataH hetudoSoMke abhidhAnase upanayAbhAsa aura pakSadoSoMke kathanase nigamanAbhAsa pratipAdita ho jAte haiN| dUsare, bAlaprayogAbhAsake antargata jo catutha viparItAvayava prayogAbhAsa abhihita hai usakA artha upanapAbhAsa tathA nigamanAbhAsa hai, kyoMki upanayake sthAnameM upanayakA aura nigamanake sthAnameM nigamanakA prayoga na kara viparIta arthAt nigamana aura upanayakA ucitAnapUrvIkA ullaMghana karake prayoga karanA hI nigamanAbhAsa tathA upanayAbhAsa hai| jaisAki cArukItike 2 mantavyase prakaTa hai / jaina tarkagranthoMmeM unakA spaSTa pratipAdana khojate hue vaha bhI hameM devamUrike pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkArameM upalabdha ho gyaa| devasUrine ukta pakSAbhAsAdike atirikta upanayAbhAsa aura nigamanAbhAsakA bhI ekaeka sUtradvArA svarUpa-nirdeza kiyA hai| devasUri-pratipAdita anumAnAbhAsa : devasUrikA bhI anumAnAbhAsapratipAdana ullekhanIya hai| unhoMne pakSA 1. spaSTatayA prakRtArthapratipatterayogAt / -prii0650| 2. upanayAnantaraM nigamanaprayoge karttavye nigamanAnantaramupanayaprayogo'pyAbhAsa eva ucitAnu pUrikatvAbhAvAdityarthaH / -prameyaratnAlaM. 6 / 49, pR0 200 / 3. pra0 na0 t06|81,82, pR0 1236-1240 / 4. pakSAbhAsAdisamutthaM zAnamanumAnAmAsamiti / n006|37, pR01007 /

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bhanumAnAbhAsa-vimarza : 243 bhAsAdise utpanna jJAnako anumAnAbhAsa batalAte hue akalaMka aura mANikyanandiko taraha prathamataH trividha pakSAbhAsoM tathA nirAkRtapakSAbhAsake pratyakSanirAkRta Adi pAMca bhedoMkA 9 sUtroMmeM' evaM sUtrokta 'Adi' zabdase smaraNanirAkRtasAdhyadharmavizeSaNa aura tarkanirAkRtasAdhyadharmavizeSaNa ina dokA vyAkhyA ( syAdvAdaratnAkara )meM kathana kiyA hai / isake pazcAt siddhasenakI taraha tIna hetvAbhAsoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| inako vizeSatA yaha hai ki inhoMne ubhayAsiddha aura anyatarAsiddha do asiddhoMkA sUtroMmeM tathA anya svIkRta bhAgAsiddha, svarUpAsiddha, sandigdhAsiddha, pratijJArthaMkadezAsiddha, vyadhikaraNAsiddha Adi asiddha bhedoMkI samIkSA prastuta kI hai / isI prakAra parAbhimata ATha viruddhabhedoMkI bhI mImAMsA karate hue unheM pRthak svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| anaikAntikake bhI do hI bheda mAne haiN| aThAraha dRSTAntAbhAsoMkA nirUpaNa dharmakIrti aura vAdirAjako taraha hai| inako jo anya ullekhayogya vizeSatA hai vaha hai do upanayAbhAsoM aura do nigamanAbhAsoMkA nayA pratipAdana / isake atirikta pakSazuddhayAbhAsa Adi pAMca anya avayavAbhAsoMkA bhI saMketa kiyA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki inhoMne akalaMka aura mANikyanandi svIkRta akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsakI samIkSA kI hai| inakA mantavya hai ki anyathAnupapattikA nizcaya na honepara asiddha, sandeha honepara anekAntika aura viparIta jJAna honepara viruddha ye tIna hI hetvAbhAsa Avazyaka haiM, akiMcitkara nahIM ? kintu jahA~ sAdhya siddha ( nizcita, asandigdha aura aviparIta ) hai vahA~ use siddha karane ke lie yadi koI prativAdI hetu prayoga kare to usa hetuko kyA kahA jAegA ? ataH aise sthalapara ukta prakArake hetuko siddhamAdhana akiMcitkara hI kahanA hogaa| isIse akalaMkane 'siddhe'kiMcitkarI hetuH svayaM mAdhyavyapekSayA' (pra0 saM0 44 ), 'siddhe'kiMcitkaro'gvilaH' (vahI, 48 ) jaise pratipAdanoM dvArA akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsako AvazyakatA pradarzita kI hai| 1. pra0 na0 t06|38-46 / 2. vahI, 6 / 40 / 3. vahI, 6 / 47 / 4. vahI, 6 / 48-51, tathA vyaakhyaa| 5. vahI0 6 / 53, pR0 1021 / 6. vahI, 6 / 55 7. vaho, 6 / 58-80 / 8. vahI, 6 / 81, 82 / 1. vahI, 6 / 57, pR0 1230 / 10. vaho, 6 / 57, pR0 1230 /

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244 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra hemacandrokta anumAnAbhAsa : hemacandrane' svArthAnumAna prakaraNameM sAdhyalakSaNake prasaMgase pratyakSabAdhA Adi chaha bAdhAoM ( pakSAbhAsoM) nirdeza kiyA hai| inameM pAMca to nyAyapravezakAra aura mANikyanandi sammata haiM aura antima pratItibAdhA dharmakItisammata / inhoMne siddha aura aniSTa pakSAbhAsoMko asvIkAra to nahIM kiyA, kintu unakA spaSTa pratipAdana bhI nahIM kiyA / parArthAnumAna prakaraNa meM diGanAga, siddhasena aura devasUri svIkRta tIna hetvAbhAsoMkA kathana kiyA hai| asiddhake' svarUpAsiddha aura sandigdhAsiddha do bheda batalAkara vAdI, prativAdI aura ubhayakI apekSAse ukta donoM asiddhoMke tIna-tIna bheda aura bhI nirUpita kiye haiN| vizeSyAsiddhAdi parAbhimata asiddhabhedoMkA inhIM meM antarbhAva kiyA hai| anya tAkikoM dvArA svIkRta ATha viruddhabhedoMko udAhRta karake unheM viruddhalakSaNa dvArA hI saMgRhIta kiyA hai| hemacandrako vizeSatA hai ki inhoMne dharmakItiko taraha 9-9 dRSTAntAbhAsa na mAna kara ATha-ATha mAne haiM / ananvaya aura avyatireka do dRSTAntAbhAsa svIkAra nahIM kiye, pratyuta unakI mImAMsA kI hai aura unheM apradarzitAnvaya aura apradarzitavyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsoMse abhinna batalAyA hai| upanayAbhAsa, nigamanAbhAsa aura vAlaprayogAbhAsake viSaya meM hemacandra mauna haiM / anya jena tArkikoMkA mantavya : 1. dharmabhUSaNa-pichale jaina tArkika dharmabhUSaNa, cArukIti aura yazovijayane bho anumAnadoSoMpara cintana kiyA hai| dharmabhUSaNane pakSAbhAsoMkA to koI pRthaka vicAra nahIM kiyaa| hA~, bAdhitapakSAbhAsake bhedoMkA akicitkara hetvAbhAsake dvitIya bheda bAdhitaviSayake antargata kathana avazya kiyA hai / mANikyanandi sammata cAra hetvAbhAsa batalAye hai / akiMcitkarake siddhasAdhana aura bAdhitaviSaya ye do 1. pra. mo0 1 / 14 / 2. ma0 mI0, 2 / 1 / 16 / 3. vaho, 2.1117, 18, 19 / 4. 'anena ye'nyairanye viruddhA udAhRtAste'pi saGa gRhItAH...... -baho, 2 / 1 / 20 / / 5. sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAmaSTAvaSTau dRSTAntAbhAsAH / -vahI, 2.1.22 / 6. pra0 mI0 2 / 1 / 27, pR0 59 / 7. nyA. do0 pR0 6 / 8. aprayojako heturakiMcitkaraH / sa diviSaH-siddhasAdhano bAdhitaviSayazceti / ...... -nyA0 do0 pR. 102-103 /

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bhanumAnAmAsa-vimarza : 245 bheda karake bAdhitaviSayake pratyakSabAdhita, anumAnabAdhita, AgamabAdhita aura sva. bacanabAdhita ina cArako udAharaNoM dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai tathA 'Adi,' zabdase aura bhI akiMcitkara bhedoMko svayaM vicAranekA saMketa kiyA hai / dRSTAntAbhAsoMke kathanakA prakAra ullekhanIya hai / adRSTAntake vacana aura dRSTAntake avacanako inhoMne dRSTAntAbhAsa kahA hai tathA anvayadRSTAntAbhAsa aura vyatirekadaSTAntAbhAsa donoMke ukta prakArase do-do bheda pradarzita kiye haiM / upanayAbhAsa aura nigamanAbhAsakA inhoMne bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| donoMkA vyatyaya ( viparItakrama se kathana karanA upanayAbhAsa tathA nigamanAbhAsa hai| bAlaprayogAbhAsakA inhoMne pratipAdana nahIM kiyaa| 2. cArukIrti-cArukoti yadyapi mANikyanandike vyAkhyAkAra honese unakA ho anusaraNa karate hue milate haiM phira bhI inakA apanA vaiziSTya hai| inhoMne pakSAbhAsAdiko paribhASAeM navyanyAyapaddhatise prastuta ko hai jo vastutaH jainatarkaparamparAke lie abhinava hai| mANikyanandine pAMca prakArake ho bAdhitapakSAbhAsoMkA kathana kiyA thA, kintu devamUrine jahA~ inameM smaraNanirAkRtasAdhyadharmavizeSaNa aura tarkanirAkRtasAdhyadharmavizeSaNa ina do bAdhitoMko sammilita kara sAta bAdhitoMkA varNana kiyA hai vahA~ cArukItine" inameM eka pratyabhijJAbAdhita aura milAkara AThakA pratipAdana kiyA hai tathA mANikyanandike paMcavidhatvakathanako upalakSaNaparaka kahakara apane aSTavidhatvapratipAdanako sUtrakArAnumata batalAyA hai / inakI anya vizeSatA yaha hai ki inhoMne naiyAyikoMke usa matakI bhI samIkSA kI hai jisameM pratyakSAdivAdhinasthalameM bAdha ( kAlAtyayApAdiSTa ) hetvAbhAsa mAnA gayA hai aura anumAnabAdhitasthalameM satpratipakSa / cArukIrtikA mata hai ki abAdhitatva pakSa kA lakSaNa hai, ataH usase rahita (bAdhitatva )ko pakSAbhAsa kahanA to yukta hai, kintu hetvAbhAsa nahIM, hetulakSaNake abhAvameM hI hetvAbhAsa mAnanA ucita hai / anyathA hetvAbhAsasthalameM bhI pakSAbhAsake svIkArakA prasaMga hone se hetvAbhAsakA 1. evamAdayo'pyakicitkaravizeSAH svayamyAH / -nyA0 dI pR0 102 / 2. vahI, pR0 105, 108 / 3. anayoyatyayena kynmnyoraamaasH| -vahI, pR012 / 4. prameyaratnAlaM. 6 / 1 Adi / 5. atra yadyapi smRtivAdhitapratyabhijJAbAdhitatarkabAdhitAnApi sambhavAdavAdhitasyASTavidhatvameva yuktaM na ta paMcavidhatvam / tathApi paMcavidhatvokterupalakSaNaparatvAdaSTavidhatvamapi sUtrakArAnumatameveti bodhyam / -prameyaratnAlaM0 6 / 20, 50 151 / 6. vaho, 6 / 20 pR0 192 /

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246 : jainatarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra ho vilopa ho jaaegaa| isIprakAra anumAnabAdhita sthala meM satpratipakSa hetvAbhAsa mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki pakSa ke doSako pakSAbhAsa hI mAnanA yukta hai, hetvAbhAsa nahIM / inakA eka vaiziSThya aura hai / inhoMne' ucitAnupUrvIke abhAvameM upanayAbhAsa aura nigamanAbhAsakA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| 3. yazovijaya-yazovijayane pRthak rUpase pakSAbhAsoM aura dRSTAntAbhAsoMkA kathana nahIM kiyA, sAdhyake lakSaNa aura dRSTAntaprayogake samarthana meM unakA pratipAdanAbhiprAya prakaTa hotA hai / hetvAbhAsoMkA unhoMne spaSTa nirUpaNa kiyA hai / aura siddhasena tathA devasUrikI taraha unheM trividha batalAyA hai / akiMcitkarako caturtha hetvAbhAsa mAnane ke dharmabhUSaNake mantavyakA samAlocana bhI kithA haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki siddhasAdhana aura bAdhitaviSaya kramazaH pratota aura nirAkRta pakSAbhAsabhedoMse bhinna nahIM haiN| aura yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki jahAM pakSadoSa ho vahA~ hetudoSa bhI avazya ho / anyathA vahA~ dRSTAntAdi doSa bhI avazya mAnanA pdd'eNge| kintu hama pahale kaha Aye haiM ki jahAM sAdhya siddha hai aura use siddha karane ke lie koI hetukA prayoga karatA hai to usakA vaha hetu pakSadoSake alAvA akiMcitkara kahA jaaegaa| yaha nahIM ki pakSadoSa honepara hetudoSa na hovaha ho sakatA hai| jaba vineyoMko vyutpAdana karAnA Avazyaka hai to unake lie lakSaNavyutpAdanazAstrameM akiMcitkara dopakA jJAna karAnA hI caahie| hA~, vyutpannoMke prayogakAlameM usakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vahIM to pakSadoSoMkA pradarzana hI paryApta hai-usose vyutpannaprayoga daSita ho jAtA hai| cArukIti' bhI yahI kahate haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina tarka granthoM meM jahA~ anumAna aura usake parikara ( avayavAdi ) para cintana upalabdha hai vahA~ usake doSoMpara bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 1. prameyaratnA0, 6 / 46, pR0 200 / 2. jainata0 mA0 pR0 13. 16 / 3. vahI, pR0 18 / 4. akiMcitkarAkhyazcaturtho'pi hetvAbhAsabhedo dharmabhaSaNenodAhRto na zraddheyaH / siddhasAdhano bAdhitaviSayazceti dvividhasyApyaprayojakAha vayasya tasya pratIta-nirAkRtAkhyapakSAbhAsabhedAnatirivatatvAt / na ca yatra pakSadoSastatrAvazyaM hetudoSo'pi vAcyaH, dRSTAntAdidoSasyApyavazyaM vaacytvaaptteH| -jainata0 mA0 pR0 16 / 5. lakSaNavyutpAdanazAla eva asAvakiMcitkaralakSaNo doSo vineyavyutpatyarya dhyutpAdyate, na tu vyutpannAnAM pryogkaale| -prameyaratnAlaM. 639 /

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dvitIya pariccheda itara paramparAoM meM anumAnAbhAsa-vicAra jaina taka granthoMmeM cintita anumAna-doSoMke vimarza ke sAtha yadi yahA~ anya paramparAoMke tarka granthoMme pratipAdita anumAnAbhAsako carcA na kI jAya to eka nyUnatA hogI aura anumAnAbhAsako Avazyaka jAnakArI (tulanAtmaka adhyayana)se vaMcita rheNge| ataH vaizeSika nyAya aura bauddha paramparAke nyAyagranthoM meM bahucarcita anumAnAbhAsapara bhI yahAM vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / isase jahA~ anya tAkikoMkI anumAnAbhAsasambandhI upalabdhiyoMkA avagama hogA vahA~ jaina tAkikoMko bhI anumAnAbhAsacintanaviSayaka aneka vizeSatAe~ jJAta ho skeNgii| vaizeSika paramparA : kaNAdane" anumAnakA vyavahAra anumAnazabdase na karake 'laiGgika' zabdase kiyA hai aura una liGgoMko ginAyA hai jinase vaha utpanna hotA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki unake matAnusAra 'laGgika' ( anumAna ) ko sAmagrI mukhyatayA liGga hai tathA liGgAbhAsa ( aliGga ) usakA anarodhaka / sambhavataH isIse kaNAdane liGgake vicAra ke sAtha liGgAbhAsakA bhI UhApoha kiyA hai| para pratijJA aura dRSTAnta anumAnake aGga hai, isakA unhoMne nirdeza nahIM kiyA aura isI kAraNa pratijJAbhAsa tathA dRSTAntAbhAsakA bhI kathana nahIM kiyA / cU~ki liGgako unhoMne trirUpa pratipAdana kiyA hai, ata: una rUpoMke abhAvame liGgAbhAsako tIna prakArakA batalAyA hai-( 1 ) aprasiddha, ( 2 ) asat aura ( 3 ) sandigdha / kaNAdake bhASyakAra prazastapAdane ukta tIna liGgAbhAsoMke atirikta anaghyavasita nAmake cauthe liGgAbhAsakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| kintu bAdako use 1. asyedaM kArya kAraNaM saMyogi virodhi samavAyi ceti laiGgikam / -vaize0 sU0 6 / 2 / 1 / 2. aprasiddho'napadezo'san sandigdhazcAnapadezaH / -vaize0 sU0 3 / 1 / 15 / 3. viparotamato yat syAdakena dvitayena thaa| biruddhAsiddhasandigdhamaliGgaM kAzyapI'bravIt // -vahI, praza0 bhA0 pR0 100 para uddhRta padya tathA vahI, 3 / 1 / 15 / 4. praza0 mA0 pR0 116, 120 /

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248 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra asiddhavargameM sammilita kara liyA hai| asiddhake unhoMne cAra bheda batalAye hai(1) ubhayAsiddha, ( 2 ) anyatarAsiddha, ( 3 ) tadbhAvAsiddha aura (4) anumeyAsiddha / dhyAna rahe, prazastapAdane ina asiddhabhedoM tathA viruddhAdi hetvAbhAsoMkA sodAharaNa kathana kiyA hai| vizeSa yaha ki unhoMne laiGgikakI sAmagrI kevala liGgako hI nahIM, pratijJAdi pAMcoM avayavoMko batalAyA hai tathA pratyekakA lakSaNa dete hue pratijJAke lakSaNa meM 'avirodhi' padakA niveza karake usake dvArA pratyakSavirodhI, anumAnavirodhI, AgamavirodhI, svazAstravirodhI aura svavacanavirodhI ina pAMca pratijJAbhAsoMkA nirAsa kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki unheM pratijJAbhAsa bhI liGgAbhAsakI taraha anumAnAbhAsa mAnya hai aura usake pAMca bheda iSTa hai / prazastapAdase pUrva pratijJAbhAsoMkA nirUpaNa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| prazastapAdane dRSTAnTAbhAsoMkA bho, jinheM nidarzanAbhAsake nAmase ullekhita kiyA gayA hai, nirUpaNa kiyA hai aura unake mUla meM sAdhayaM nidarzanAbhAsa tathA vaidhaya'nidarzanAbhAsa ye do bheda batalAye haiN| ina donoMke bhI chaha-chaha bheda nimna prakAra nirdiSTa kiye haiM-( 1 ) liMgAsiddha, ( 2 ) anumeyAsiddha, ( 3 ) ubhayAsiddha, ( 4 ) AzrayAsiddha, (5) ananugata aura ( 6 ) viparItAnugata ye chaha sAdharmyanidarzanAbhAsa tathA (1) liMgAvyAvRtta, (2) anumeyAvyAvRtta, (3) ubhayAvyAvRtta, (4) AzrayAsiddha, (5) avyAvRtta aura ( 6 ) viparItavyAvRtta ye chaha vaidhaya'nidarzanAbhAsa haiN| isa prakAra prazastapAdane bAraha nidarzanAbhAsoMkA kathana kiyA hai / para antima do avayavadoSoManusandhAnAbhAsa ( upanayAbhAsa ) aura pratyAmnAyAbhAsa ( nigamanAbhAsa ) kA koI nirdeza nahIM kiyA, jo honA cAhie thaa| nyAya-paramparA : akSapAdake anusAra anumAnako sAmagrI paMcAvayava haiM- unase hI anumAna samagrarUpa meM AtmalAbha karatA hai| ataH unake matAnusAra anumAnake doSa pAMca 1. praza0 mA0 pR0 116-121 / 2. virodhigrahaNAt pratyakSAnumAnAbhyupagatasvazAkhasvavacanavirodhinI nirastA bhavanti / yathA'nuSNo'gniriti prtykssvirodhii"| -praza0 bhA0 pR0 115 / 3. anena nidarzanAbhAsA nirastA bhavanti / tadyathA..liGgAnumeyobhayAzrayAsiddhAnanugataviparItAnugatAH sAdharmyanidarzanAbhAsAH / liGgAnumeyobhayANyAvRttAbhayAsiddhAvyAvRttaviparItavyAvRttA vaidhy'nidrshnaabhaasaaH| -vahI, pR0 122, 123 / 4. vahI, 123-127 / 5. nyA. sU0 1 / 1 / 32 /

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itara paramparAmoM meM anumAnAbhAsa-vicAra : 249 honA cAhie-(1) pratijJAbhAsa, (2) hetvAbhAsa, ( 3 ) udAharaNAbhAsa, (4) upanayAbhAsa aura ( 5 ) nigamanAbhAsa / parantu akSapAdane inameMse kevala hetvAbhAsoMkA varNana kiyA hai, pratijJAbhAsAdikA nahIM; yaha cintya hai ? vicAra karanepara pratIta hotA hai ki yadi prativAdIke hetuko hetvAbhAsa pramANita kara diyA jAe to usake dvArA honevAlI sAdhya-siddhi pratibandhita ho jAtI hai aura taba usameM pratijJAdoSa Adi doSoMkA udbhAvana nirarthaka hai| udyotakarane' 'lAdhyanirdezaH pratijJA' isa nyAyamUtrakAra-vacana dvArA dvividha sAdhyadoSoM (siddha aura anupapadyamAnasAdhana-asAdhyoM) kI nivRtti batalAkara pratijJAdoSoMkA saMketa usIke dvArA sUcita kiyA hai| isI prakAra udAharaNa Adike pratipAdaka sUtroMke dvArA udAharaNAdidoSa bhI nirasta kiye gaye haiM / ataeva unakA bhI pRthak pratipAdana Avazyaka nahIM hai| prazna ho sakatA hai ki phira hetupratipAdaka sUtradvayase hetudoSoMkA nirAkaraNa sambhava honese hetvAbhAsoMkA bhI pRthak kathana nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhie? isakA uttara yaha hai ki yathArtha meM hetupratipAdaka mUtroM dvArA hetudoSoMkA nirAsa ho jAtA hai phira bhI hetvAbhAsoMkA jo pRthaka abhidhAna kiyA gayA hai vaha zAstrArtha meM prativAdIko parAjita karane ke lie usI prakAra Avazyaka evaM upayogI hai jisa prakAra chala, jAti aura nigrhsthaanoNkaa| anya dopoMkI apekSA hetvAbhAsa balavAn aura pradhAna dopa hai / ataH unakA vAdIko pRthak jJAna honA Avazyaka evaM anivArya hai / ataeva akSapAdana kaNAdakI taraha hetvAbhAsoMkA hI nimpaNa kiyA hai / bhinnatA itanI hI hai ki jahA~ kaNAdane tIna hetvAbhAsa vaNita kiye haiM vahA~ akSapAdane pAMca kahe haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kaNAda bimpaliMgame anumAna mAnate haiM aura akSapAda paMcarUpaliMgase / ataeva eka-eka rUpake abhAvama kaNAdako tIna aura akSapAdako pAMca hetvAbhAsa iSTa hai| ve ye haiM-(1) savyabhicAra, (2) viruddha, (3) prakaraNasama ( satpratipakSa ), (4) sAdhyasama aura ( 5 ) atItakAla ( kAlAtyayApadiSTa-bAdhitavipaya ) / vAcaspati aura jayantabhaTTane bhI eka-eka rUpake abhAvase honevAle pA~ca hetvAbhAsoMkA hI samarthana evaM upapAdana kiyA hai| jayantabhaTTane to spaSTatayA hetudoSoMke kathanase hI pakSadoSoM tathA dRSTAntadoSoMke bhI 1. asAdhyaM ca dvadhA siddhamanupapadyamAnasAdhanaM c| tatra sAdhyanirdeza ityanena vacanenobhayaM nivaya'te siddhamanupapadyamAnasAdhanaM ca / -nyAyavA0 / / 1 / 33, pR0 110 / 2. nyA. sU014 / 3. nyAyavA0 tA0 142.4, pR0 330 / 4. nyAyaka0 pR0 14 / nyAyamaM0 pR0 137 / 32

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250 : jaina tarkazAsa meM anumAna-vicAra kathanakI bAta kahI hai| unhoMne yahAMtaka bala diyA hai ki vAstavameM ve saba hetu doSa hI hai, pakSadoSoM aura dRSTAntadoSoMkA pRthak varNana kevala prapaMcamAtra hai| ekadUsare sthalapara bhI ve unheM hetudoSoMkA anuvidhAyo honeke kAraNa hetudoSa ho batalAte haiM aura kahate haiM ki isIse sUtrakArane hetvAbhAsoMkI taraha unakA pRthak upadeza nahIM kiyaa| hamane unakA pradarzana mAtra ziSyahitake lie kiyA hai / udyotakarakA mantavya hai ki sAdhakatva hetukA aura asAdhakatva hetvAbhAsakA vizeSa dharma hai / tathA sAdhakatvase tAtparya samasta lakSaNoMkA sadbhAva aura asAdhakatvase matalaba asamasta lakSaNoMkA sadbhAva hai / Azaya yaha ki udyotakara hetudoSoMko hI sAdhyasiddhikA pratibandhaka mAnate haiM, anya doSa to unhIM meM samA jAte haiM aura ve pratijJAdilakSaNasUtroM dvArA nirasta ho jAte haiN| udyotakarakA hetvAbhAsasambandhI vistRta nirUpaNa vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| unhoMne hetu aura hetvAbhAsoMke bhedoMkA prapaMca 176 batalAyA hai aura unheM kucha udAharaNoM dvArA spaSTa karake sUtrakArake hetvAbhAsa-paMcakameM hI saMgrahIta kiyA hai| punaH asiddha ke 384, 2032 aura ananta bhedoMkI bhI sUcanA karake anekAntikake 6 aura viruddha ke 4 bhedoMkA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| bauddha-paramparA: nyAyapravezakArane yataH pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ye tIna hI sAdhana (parArthAnamAna) ke avayava svIkAra kiye hai, akSapAdakI taraha pAMca yA kaNAdakI taraha eka nahIM, ataH sAdhanadoSa bho unhoMne tIna prakArake pratipAdita kiye haiM-(1) pakSAbhAsa, ( 2 ) hetvAbhAsa aura ( 3 ) dRSTAntAbhAsa / unakA yaha pratipAdana 1. ye caite pratyakSaviruddhatAdayaH pakSadopAH, ye ca vakSyamANA: sAdhanavikalatvAdayo dRSTAnta doSAstaM vastusthityA sarve hetudoSA eva, prapaMcamAtraM tu pakSadRSTAntadoSavarNanam / -nyAyamaM0 pR0 133-134 / 2. ete ca vastuvRttena hetudoSA eva tadanuvidhAyitvAta, ata eva hetvAbhAsavatsUtrakRtA nopadiSTAH, asmAbhistu ziSyahitAya pradarzitA eva / -vahI, pR0 140 / 3. sAdhakatvAsAdhakatve tu vizeSa: hetoH sAdhakatvaM dhamo'sAdhakatvaM hetvaabhaassy| kiM punastat ? samastalakSaNopapAttarasamastalakSaNopapattizca / -nyAyavA0 112 / 4, pR0 163 / 4. vaho, 112 / 4, pR0 164-169 / 5. pakSahetudRSTAntavacanaihiM prAznikAnAmapratIto'rthaH pratipAdyate / etAnyeva trayo'vayavA ityucynte| -nyAyama. pR0 1-2 / 6. vaho, pR02-7|

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itara paramparAmoM meM anumAnAmAsa-vicAra : 251 saMgata pratIta hotA hai| yathArthameM parArthAnumAnake jitane prayojaka tattva svIkRta evaM pratipAdita kiye jAeM, utane hI usake avarodhaka doSoMkI sambhAvanA honese una sabhIkA bhI pratipAdana karanA ucita hai / yaha yukta nahIM ki sAdhanAvayavoMko to amuka saMkhyAmeM mAna kara unakA pratyekakA vivecana kiyA jAe aura unake doSoMkI saMkhyA utanI hI sambhAvya hone para unakA pratipAdana na kiyA jaae| jaisA ki hama akSapAdake pratipAdana meM isa nyanatAko dekha cuke haiM / hetvAbhAsoMke dvArA hI pakSAbhAsAdi doSoMke saMgrahako jayantabhaTTako yukti buddhi ko nahIM lgtii| anyathA anumAnakA pradhAna aMga hetu honese usIkA nirUpaNa kiyA jAnA cAhie aura anya avayavoMkA usake dvArA hI saMgraha kara lenA cAhie / yadyapi isa asaM. gatikA parihAra karanekA prayAsa unhoMne kiyA hai para usameM unhoMne koI akATaya evaM balavAn yukti prastuta nahIM kii| isa dRSTi se nyAyapravezakArakA tInoM doSoMkA pratipAdana hama yukti aura saMgatike nikaTa pAte haiN| jo siddha karaneke lie iSTa honepara bhI pratyakSAdiviruddha ho vaha pakSAbhAsa' hai| nyAyapravezakArane isake nau bheda pratipAdita kiye haiM-(1) pratyakSaviruddha, (2) anumAnaviruddha , ( 3 ) Agamaviruddha, (4) lokaviruddha, (5) svavacanaviruddha, ( 6 ) aprasiddha vizeSaNa, (7) aprasiddhavizeSya, (8) aprasiddhobhaya aura (9) prasiddhasambandha / inhIMko pratijJAdoSa ( pratijJAbhAsa ) kahate haiN| nyAyapravezame inakA udAharaNoM dvArA varNana kiyA hai| ullekhanIya hai ki dharmakI tine ' pratyakSanirAkRta, anumAnanirAkRta, pratItinirAkRta aura svavacananirAkRta ye cAra hI pakSAbhAsa svIkAra kiye haiM / __hetvAbhAsa tIna hai"-(1) asiddha, (2) anekAntika aura ( 3 ) viruddha / yataH nyAyapravezakArane kaNAdakI taraha hetuko trirUpa mAnA hai, ataH una tIna rUpoMke abhAvameM usake tIna doSoMkA pratipAdana bhI unhoMna kaNAdakI taraha kiyA hai / eka-eka rUpa ( pakSadharmatva, sapakSa sattva aura vipakSAsattva ke abhAva kramazaH asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika ye tIna hI hetu-doSa sambhava hai / asiddha cAra prakArakA hai-(1) ubhayAsiddha, ( 2 ) anyatarAsiddha, ( 3 ) sandigdhAsiddha aura ( 4 ) AzrayAsiddha / prazastapAdane bhI ye cAra bhaMda svIkAra kiye hai, jaisA 1,2-nyAya pR0 2-3 / 3. vahI, pR0 3 / 4. nyA0 vi0 pR0 64-66 / 5. nyA. pr.103| 6. vahI, pR03| 7. praza0 mA0 pR0 116-117 /

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252 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai| anakantikake' chaha bheda hai-(1) sAdhAraNa, 12) asAdhAraNa, ( 3 ) sapakSakadezavRttivipakSavyApI, (4) vipakSakadezavRtti sapakSavyApI, (5) ubhayapakSakadezavRtti aura ( 6 ) viruddhAbhyabhicArI / udyotakarane viruddhAvyabhicArIkI samIkSA karake use asvIkAra kiyA hai| pratIta hotA hai ki isa viruddhAvyabhicArIkI mAnyatA nyAyapravezakArase bhI pUrvavartI hai, kyoMki unake pUrva prazastapAdane bhI usakI mImAMsA kI hai aura use anadhyavasitameM antarbhUta kiyA hai / dharmakIrtine bhI ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA / jayantabhaTTane" bhI ise nahIM maanaa| viruddha ke cAra prakAra hai-(1) dharmasvarUpaviparItasAdhana, dharmavizeSaviparItasAdhana, ( 3 ) misvarUpaviparItasAdhana aura ( 4 ) dharmivizeSaviparItasAdhana / prazastapAdane viruddha ke bhedoMkA koI saMketa nahIM kiyaa| para udyotakarane' avazya usake cAra bhedoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| dharmakotine kevala do bheda svIkAra kiye hai| dRSTAntAbhAsake do bheda abhihita hai' -( 1 ) sAdharmya aura ( 2 ) vaidhayaM / sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa pAMca prakArakA hai-(1) sAdhanadharmAsiddha, (2) sAdhyadharmAsiddha, ( 3 ) ubhayadharmAsiddha, ( 4 ) ananvaya aura ( 5 ) viparItAnvaya / vaidhaya'dRSTAntAbhAsake bhI pAMca prakAra hai-(1) sAdhyAvyAvRtta, ( 2 ) sAdhanAvyAvRtta, (3) ubhayAvyAvRtta, ( 4 ) avyatireka aura ( 5 ) viparItavyatireka / prazastapAdake pUrvokta: bAraha nidarzanAbhAsoMme nyAyapravezakArake dRSTAntAbhAsoMse AzrayAsiddha nAmaka do nidarzanAbhAsa adhika hai| arthAt nyAyapravezameM jahAM daza dRSTAntAbhAsa varNita hai vahAM prazastapAdabhASyama bAraha abhihita haiN| dharmakotine12 1. nyA0 pra0 pR0 3 / 2. nyA. vA0 1214, pR0 166 / 3. praza0 bhA0 pR0 118 ! 4. nyAyavi0 1086 / 5. nyAyama0 pR0 155 / 6. nyAyapra0 pR0 5 / 7. praza. bhA0 10117 / 8. nyAyavA0 12.4, pR0 166 / 9. nyAyabi0 pR0 78 / 10. nyAyama0 pR0 5-7 / 11. praza0 bhA0 pR0 123 / 12, sAdhyasAdhanadhobhayavikalAstathA sandigdhasAdhyadharmAdayazca |"annvyo'prdrshitaa nvayazca / tathA viparItAnvayaH / iti sAdhamryeNa / vaidhayeNApi sAdhyAghavyatirekiNaH / tathA sandigdhasAdhyavyatirekAdayaH / avyatireko yathA apradarzitavyatireko vaidhamyapApi viparItavyatireko 'nyAyavi0 pR0 94-10 /

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itara paramparAoMmeM anumAnA bhAsa-vicAra : 253 nau sAdharmya aura nau ho vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa kahe haiM / inameM sandigdhasAdhyAnvaya sandhigdha sAdhanAnvaya, sandigdhobhayAnvaya aura apradazitAnvaya ye cAra sAdharmya - dRSTAntAbhAsa tathA sandigdhasAdhyavyatireka, sandigdhasAdhanavyatireka, sandigdhobhayavyatireka aura apradarzitavyatireka ye cAra vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa nyAyapravezokta dRSTAntAbhAsoMse bhinna aura naye haiM aura dharmakIrti upajJa hai, zeSa donoM dRSTAntAbhAsoMke pAMca-pAMca bheda nyAyapravezakti hI haiM / naiyAyika jayantabhaTTane' nyAyapravezakI taraha ubhayavidha pAMca-pAMca dRSTAntAbhAsoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / para unakA yaha nirUpaNa unakI paramparAke lie sarvathA abhinava hai, kyoMki unake pUrva nyAyaparamparA meM vaha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / jayantabhaTTane svayaM kahA hai ki hetvAbhAsakI taraha sUtrakArane unakA upadeza nahIM kiyA, kintu hamane ziSyoM ke hitArtha pradarzana kiyA hai / jayantabhaTTane sAdhyavikala, sAdhanavikala aura ubharyAvikala ina tIna sAdharmya - dRSTAntAbhAsoM ko vastudIpakRta tathA ananvaya aura viparItAnvaya ina do ko vaktA ke vacanadIpakRta batalAyA hai / isI prakAra sAdhyAvyAvRtta, sAdhanAvyAvRtta aura ubhayAvyAvRtta ina tIna vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsoM ko bhI vastudoSakRta tathA avyatireka aura viparItavyatireka ina doko vaktA ke vacanadoSakRta pratipAdana kiyA hai / yadyapi nyAyapravezakArane uparyukta pakSAbhAvAdiko sAdhanAbhAsa kahA hai, anumAnA bhAsa nahIM, tathApi unheM sAvanapadase parArthAnumAna abhipreta hai aura pakSa hetu tathA dRSTAnta ye usIke avayava haiN| ataH sAdhanAbhAgase parArthAnumAnAbhAsa artha hI nyAyapravezakArako vivakSita hai| hAM, svArthAnumAna, jise unhoMne anumAnazabda se ullekhita kiyA hai, avazya mAtra liMgApekSa hai aura isIse usakA lakSaNa dete hue kahA hai ki 'liMgAdarthadarzanamanumAnam ' liMgage jo anumeyakA darzana hotA hai vaha anumAna hai / tathA 'hetvAbhAsapUrvakaM jJAnamanumAnAmAsam ' - hetvAbhAsapUrvaka honevAlA jJAna anumAnAbhAsa hai| yahAM bhI anumAnAbhAsase nyAyapravezakArako svArthAnumAnAbhAsa iSTa hai / tAtparya yaha ki svArthAnumAnavicArameM mAtra hetvAbhAsoMkA vicAra prayojaka hai / para parArthAnumAnavicAra meM hetvAbhAsoMke atirikta pakSAbhAsoM aura dRSTAntAbhAsoM kA bhI vicAra Avazyaka hai, kyoMki prAnikoM ko apratIta arthakA pratipAdana pakSa hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tInoMke vacanoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai / ataeva unako nirduSTatAkA jJAna honeke lie ukta tInoM doSoMkA 1. nyAyamaM0 pR0 140 / 2, 3 vahI, pR0 140 / 4. eSAM pakSahetudRSTAntAbhAsAnAM vacanAni sAthanAbhAsam / -nyAyapra0 pR0 7 / 5. vahI, pR0 7 /

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254 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra kapana jarUrI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaba anumAnako AtmapratyAyana aura sApanako parapratyAyanakA kAraNa kahA jAtA hai to sutarAM anumAnapadase svArthAnumAna aura sAdhanapadase parArthAnumAnakA grahaNa abhISTa hai| ___ sAMkhya, mImAMsA aura vedAnta darzanoMmeM bhI anumAnadoSoMpara vicAra upalabdha hai, para vaha nahIM ke barAbara hai| ataeva usapara yahA~ vimarza nahIM kiyA-prathama adhyAyameM kucha kiyA gayA hai|

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upasahAra pichale adhyAyoMmeM bhAratIya tarkazAstrameM nirUpita evaM vivecita anumAna tathA usake ghaTakoMke yathAvazyaka tulanAtmaka adhyayanake sAtha jaina tarkazAstrameM cintita anumAna evaM usake parikarakA aitihAsika tathA samIkSAtmaka vimarza prastuta kiyA gayA hai| aba yahAM jaina anamAnakI upalabdhiyoMkA saMkSepameM nirdeza kiyA jAyegA, jisase bhAratIya anumAnako jaina tAkikoMkI kyA dena hai, unhoMne usameM kyA abhivRddhi yA saMzodhana kiyA hai, yaha samajhanemeM sahAyatA milegii| ___ adhyayanase avagata hotA hai ki upaniSad kAlameM anumAnako AvazyakatA evaM prayojanapara bhAra diyA jAne lagA thA, upaniSadoMmeM 'AsmA vAre raSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAmitavyaH'' Adi vAkyoMdvArA AtmAke zravaNake sAtha mananapara bhI bala diyA gayA hai, jo upapattiyoM ( yuktiyoM ) ke dvArA kiyA jAtA thaa|' isase spaSTa hai ki usa kAlameM anumAnako bhI zrutikI taraha jJAnakA eka sAdhana mAnA jAtA thA-usake binA darzana apUrNa rahatA thaa| yaha saca hai ki anumAnakA 'anumAna' zabdase vyavahAra honeko apekSA 'vAkovAkyam', 'AnvIkSikI', 'tarkavidyA', 'hetuvidyA' jaise zabdoM dvArA adhika hotA thaa| prAcIna jaina vAGmayameM jJAnamImAMsA ( jJAnamArgaNA ) ke antargata anumAnakA 'hevAda' zabdase nirdeza kiyA gayA hai aura use zrutakA eka paryAya ( nAmAntara ) batalAyA gayA hai| tattvArtha sUtrakArane use 'abhinibodha' nAmase ullekhita kiyA hai / tAtparya yaha ki jaina darzanameM bhI anumAna abhimata hai tathA pratyakSa ( sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika jJAnoM ) kI taraha use bhI pramANa evaM arthanizcAyaka mAnA gayA hai| antara kevala unameM vaizadya aura avaizaya kA hai| pratyakSa vizada hai aura anumAna avizada ( parokSa ) / anumAnake lie kina ghaTakoMkI AvazyakatA hai, isakA Arambhika pratipAdana kaNAdane kiyA pratIta hotA hai| unhoMne anumAnakA 'anumAna' zabdase nirdeza na kara 'laiGgika' zabdase kiyA hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki anumAnakA mukhya ghaTaka liGga 1. bRhadAraNya0 2 / 45 / 2. zrotavyaH ativAkyomyo mantavyazvopapattimiH / matvA ca satataM dhyeya ete darzanahetavaH / /

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256 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra hai / sambhavataH isI kAraNa unhoMne mAtra liGgoM, liGgarUpoM aura liGgAbhAsoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / usake aura bhI koI ghaTaka hai, isakA kaNAdane koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| unake bhASyakAra prazastapAdane avazya pratijJAdi pAMca avayavoMko usakA ghaTaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| tarkazAstrakA nibaddha rUpameM spaSTa vikAsa akSapAdake nyAyasUtrameM upalabdha hotA hai| akSapAdane anumAnako 'anumAna' zabdase hI ullekhita kiyA tathA usakI kAraNasAmagrI, bhedoM, avayavoM aura hetvAbhAsoMkA spaSTa vivecana kiyA hai| sAtha hI anumAnaparIkSA, vAda, jalpa, vitaNDA, chala, jAti, nigrahasthAna jaise anumAnasahAyaka tattvoMkA pratipAdana karake anumAnako zAstrArthopayogI aura eka stara taka pahu~cA diyA hai| vAtsyAyana, udyotakara, vAcaspati, udayana aura gaGgezane use vizeSa pariSkRta kiyA tathA vyApti, pakSadharmatA, parAmarza jaise tadupayogI abhinava tattvoMko vivikta karake unakA vistRta evaM mUkSma nirUpaNa kiyA hai / vastutaH akSapAda aura unake anuvartI tAkikoMne anumAnako itanA pariSkRta kiyA ki unakA darzana nyAya ( taka -- anumAna ) darzanake nAmase hI vizruta ho gyaa| ___ asaMga, vasubandhu, diGanAga, dharmakIrti prabhRti bauddha tAkikoMne nyAyadarzanakI samAlocanApUrvaka apanI viziSTa aura nayo mAnyatAoMke AdhArapara anumAnakA sakSama aura pracura cintana prastuta kiyA hai / inake cintanakA avazyambhAvI pariNAma yaha huA ki uttarakAlIna samagra bhAratIya tarkazAstra usase prabhAvita huA aura anumAnakI vicAradhArA paryApta Age bar3haneke sAtha sUkSma-me-sUkSma evaM jaTila hotI gyii| vAstavameM bauddha tAkikoMke cintanane tarka meM Ayo kuNThAko haTAkara aura sabhI prakAra ke parivezoMko dUra kara unmuktabhAvase tattvacintanakI kSamatA pradAna kii| phalataH sabhI darzanoM meM svIkRta anumAnapara adhika vicAra huA aura use mahattva milaa| IzvarakRSNa, yuktidIpikAkAra, mAThara, vijJAnabhikSu Adi sAMkhyavidvAnoM, prabhAkara, kumArila, pArthasArathi prabhRti momAMsakacintakoMne bhI apane-apane DhaMgase anumAnakA cintana kiyA hai| hamArA vicAra hai ki ina cintakoMkA cintana-viSaya prakRti-puruSa aura kriyAkANDa hote hue bhI ve anumAna-cintanase achUte nahIM rahe / zrutike alAvA anumAnako bhI inheM svIkAra karanA par3A aura usakA kama-var3ha vivecana kiyA hai| jaina vicAraka to Arambhase ho anumAnako mAnate Aye haiN| bhale hI use 'anumAna' nAma na dekara 'hetuvAda' yA 'abhinibodha' saMjJAse unhoMne usakA vyavahAra kiyA ho| tattvajJAna, svatattvasiddhi, parapakSadUSaNodbhAvanake lie use svIkAra karake unhoMne usakA paryApta vivecana kiyA hai| unake cintanameM jo vizeSatAeM upalabdha hotI haiM unameM kuchakA ullekha yahAM kiyA jAtA hai :

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upasaMhAra ! 25. anumAnakA parokSapramANameM antarbhAva : ___ anumAna pramANavAdo sabhI bhAratIya tAkikoMne anumAnako svatantra pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai / para jaina tAkikoMne use svatantra pramANa nahIM mAnA / pramANake unhoMne mUlataH do bheda mAne hai-(1) pratyakSa aura (2) parokSa / hama pIche ina donoMkI paribhASAe~ aGkita kara Aye haiN| unake anusAra anumAna parokSa pramANameM antarbhUta hai, kyoMki vaha avizada jJAna hai aura usake dvArA apratyakSa arthakI pratipatti hotI hai / parokSa pramANakA kSetra itanA vyApaka aura vizAla hai ki smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, arthApatti, sambhava, abhAva aura zabda jaise apratyakSa arthake paricchedaka avizada jJAnoMkA isI meM samAveza hai| tathA vaizadya evaM avaizabake AdhAra para svokRta pratyakSa aura parokSake atirikta anya pramANa mAnya nahIM hai / arthApatti anumAnase pRthak nahIM : prAbhAkara aura bhATTa mImAMsaka anumAnase pRthaka apatti nAmakA svatantra pramANa mAnate haiN| unakA mantavya hai ki jahAM amuka artha amuka artha ke vinA ma hotA huA usakA parikalpaka hotA hai vahA~ arthApatti pramANa mAnA jAtA hai / jaise -pIno'yaM devadatto divA na bhuMkta' isa vAkyameM ukta 'pInasva' artha 'bhojana' ke binA na hotA huA 'rAtribhojana' ko kalpanA karatA hai, kyoMki divA bhojanakA niSedha vAkyameM svayaM ghoSita hai| isa prakArake arthakA boSa anumAnase na hokara arthApattise hotA hai| kintu jaina vicAraka use anumAnase bhinna svIkAra nahIM karate / unakA kahanA hai ki anumAna anyathAnupapanna ( avinAbhAvI ) hetuse utpanna hotA hai aura arthApatti anyathAnupapadyamAna arthase / anyathAnupapanna hetu aura anyathAnupapadyamAna artha donoM eka hai-unameM koI antara nahIM hai| arthAt donoM hI vyAptiviziSTa honese abhinna haiN| DA. devarAja bhI yahI bAta prakaTa karate hue kahate haiM ki 'eka vastu dvArA dUsarI vastukA bhAkSepa tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba donoMmeM myApyavyApakabhAva yA vyAptisambandha ho|" devadatta moTA hai aura dinameM khAtA nahIM hai, yahA~ arthApatti dvArA rAtribhojanako kalpanAko jAtI hai / para vAstavameM moTApana bhojanakA avinAbhAvI hone tathA dinameM bhojanakA niSedha karanese vaha devadattake rAtribhojanakA anumApaka hai| vaha anumAna isa prakAra hai-'devadatta: rAtrau bhukta, divA'mojisve sati pInasvAnyathAnupapatteH / ' yahA~ anyathAnupattise antarvyApti vivakSita hai, bahiyApti yA sakalavyApti nahIM, kyoMki ye donoM vyAptiyA~ avyabhicarita nahIM haiM / ataH arthApatti aura anumAna donoM vyAptipUrvaka honese eka hI haiM-pRthak-pRthak pramANa nahIM / 1. pUrvI aura pazcimI darzana, pR0 71

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158 : jaina tarkazAsameM anumAna-vicAra anumAnakA viziSTa svarUpa ___ nyAyasUtrakAra akSapAdakI 'tatpUrvakamanumAnan', prazastapAdako liGgadarzanArasaMjAyamAnaM laiGgikam' aura udyotakarako 'liMgaparAmo'numAnam' paribhASAoMmeM kevala kAraNakA nirdeza hai, anumAnake svarUpakA nhiiN| udyotakarako eka anya paribhASA 'laiMgikI pratipattiranumAnam' meM bhI liGgarUpa kAraNakA ullekha hai, svarUpakA nhiiN| diGnAgaziSya zaGkarasvAmoko 'anumAnaM liGagAdarthadarzanam' paribhASAmeM yadyapi kAraNa aura svarUpa donoMkI abhivyakti hai, para usameM kAraNa. ke rUpameM liGgako sUcita kiyA hai, liGgake jJAnako nahIM / tathya yaha hai ki ajJAyamAna dhUmAdi liGga agni Adike anumApaka nahIM haiN| anyathA jo puruSa soyA huA hai, mUcchita hai, agRhotavyAptika hai use bhI parvatameM dhUmake sadabhAva mAtrase agnikA anumAna ho jAnA cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hai| ataH zaGkarasvAmIke ukta anumAnalakSaNameM 'liMgAt' ke sthAnameM 'liMgadarzanAt' pada hone para hI vaha pUrNa anumAnalakSaNa ho sakatA hai| jaina tArkika akalaGkadevane jo anumAnakA svarUpa prastuta kiyA haiM vaha ukta nyUnatAoMse mukta hai / unakA lakSaNa hai liGgArasAdhyAvinAmAvAbhinibodhaikalakSaNAt / liGgidhIranumAnaM tatphalaM hAnAdibuddhayaH // isameM anumAnake sAkSAtkAraNa-liGgajJAnakA bhI pratipAdana hai aura usakA svarUpa bhI liGgidhIH' zabdake dvArA nirdiSTa hai| akalaGkane svarUpanirdeza meM kevala 'dhIH' yA 'pratipatti nahIM kahA, kintu 'linidhIH' kahA hai, jisakA artha hai sAdhyakA jJAna; aura sAdhyakA jJAna honA hI anumAna hai / nyAyapravezakAra zaGkarasvAmIne sAdhyakA sthAnApanna 'artha' kA avazya nirdeza kiyA hai| para unhoMne kAraNakA nirdeza apUrNa kiyA hai, jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai / akalaGkake isa lakSaNakI eka vizeSatA aura bhI hai| vaha yaha ki unhoMne 'tatphalaM hAnAdibuddhayaH' zabdoM dvArA anumAnakA phala bhI nirdiSTa kiyA hai / sambhavataH inhIM saba bAtoMse uttaravartI sabhI jaina tAkikoMne akalaGkakI isa pratiSThita aura pUrNa anumAna-paribhASAko ho apnaayaa| isa anumAnalakSaNase spaSTa hai ki vahI sAdhana athavA liGga liGgi ( sAdhya-anumeya) kA gamaka ho sakatA hai jisake avinAbhAvakA nizcaya hai| yadi usameM avinAbhAvakA nizcaya nahIM hai to vaha sAdhana nahIM hai, bhale hI usameM tIna yA pAMca rUpa bhI vidyamAna hoN| jaise 'vajra loha lekhya hai, kyoMki pArthiva hai, kASTha kI taraha' ityAdi hetu tIna rUpoM aura pAMca rUpoMse sampanna hone para bhI avinAbhAvake abhAvase sahetu nahIM haiM, apitu hetvAbhAsa haiM aura isIse ve apane sAdhyoMke anumApaka nahIM mAne jaate| isI prakAra 'eka muhurta bAda zakaTakA udaya hogA,

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upasaMhAra : 259 kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya ho rahA hai', 'samudra meM vRddhi honA cAhie athavA kumudoMkA vikAsa honA cAhie, kyoMki candrakA udaya hai' Adi hetuoMmeM pakSadharmatva na honese na trirUpatA hai aura na pNcruuptaa| phira bhI avinAbhAvake honese kRttikAkA udaya zakaTodayakA aura candra kA udaya samudravRddhi evaM kumudavikAsakA gamaka hai| hetukA ekalakSaNa ( anyathAnupapannatva ) svarUpa : hetuke svarUpakA pratipAdana akSapAdase Arambha hotA hai, aisA anusandhAnase pratIta hotA hai| unakA vaha lakSaNa sAdharmya aura vaidhayaM donoM dRSTAntoMpara AdhArita hai| ata eva naiyAyika cintakoMne use dvilakSaNa, vilakSaNa, caturlakSaNa aura paMcalakSaNa pratipAdita kiyA tathA usakI vyAkhyAe~ ko hai / vaizeSika, bauddha, sAMkhya Adi vicArakoMne use mAtra vilakSaNa batalAyA hai| kucha tAkikoMne SaDalakSaNa aura saptalakSaNa bhI use kahA hai, jaisA ki hama hetulakSaNa prakaraNameM pIche dekha Aye haiM / para jaina lekhakoMne avinAbhAvako hI hetu kA pradhAna aura ekalakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai tathA rUpya, pAMcarUpya Adiko avyApta aura AtavyApta batalAyA hai, jaisAki Upara anumAnake svarUpameM pradarzita udAharaNoMse spaSTa hai / isa avinAbhAvako hI anyathAnupapannatva athavA anyathAnupapatti yA antarvyApti kahA hai| smaraNa rahe ki yaha avinAbhAva yA anyathAnupapanatva jaina lekhakoMko ho upalabdhi hai, jisake udbhAvaka AcArya samantabhadra haiM, yaha hama pIche vistArake sAtha kaha Aye haiN| anumAnakA aGga ekamAtra vyApti : ___nyAya, naizeSika, sAMkhya, mImAMsaka aura bauddha sabhIne pakSadharmatA aura vyApti donoMko anumAnakA aGga mAnA hai| parantu jaina tAkikoMne kevala vyaptiko usakA aGga batalAyA hai| unakA mata hai ki anumAnameM pakSadharmatA anAvazyaka hai| 'upari vRSTirabhUn adhopUrAnyathAnupapatteH' Adi anumAnoMmeM hetu pakSadharma nahIM hai phira bhI vyAptike bala vaha gamaka hai| 'sa zyAmastanaputratvAditarataraputravat' ityAdi asad anumAnoMmeM hetu pakSadharma hai kintu avinAbhAva na honese ve anumApaka nahIM haiM / ataH jaina cintaka anumAnakA aGga ekamAtra vyApti ( avinAbhAva ) ko ho svIkAra karate haiM, pakSadharmatAko nahIM / pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara hetuoMko parikalpanA : ___ akalaGkadevane kucha aise hetuoMkI parikalpanA kI hai jo unase pUrva nahIM mAne gaye the| unameM mukhyatayA pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara ye tona hetu haiN| inheM kisI anya tArkikane svIkAra kiyA ho, yaha jJAta nahIM / kintu akalaGkane inakI Ava

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250 : jaina tarkazAbameM anumAna-vicAra zyakatA evaM atiriktatAkA spaSTa nirdeza karate hue svarUpa pratipAdana kiyA hai| ataH yaha unako dena kahI jA sakatI hai / pratipAdyoMko apekSA anumAna-prayoga : __anumAnaprayogake sambandha meM jahAM anya bhAratIya darzanoMmeM vyutpanna aura anyutpanna pratipAdyoMkI vivakSA kiye binA avayavoMkA sAmAnya kathana milatA hai vahA~ jaina vicArakoMne ukta pratipAdyoMkI apekSA unakA vizeSa pratipAdana bhI kiyA hai| vyutpannoMke lie unhoMne pakSa aura hetu ye do avayava AHzyaka batalAye hai| unheM dRSTAnta Avazyaka nahIM hai / 'sarva kSaNika satvAt' jaise sthaloMmeM bauddhoMne aura 'sarvamabhidheyaM pramayasvAt' jaise kevalAnvayihetuka anumAnoMmeM naiyAyikoMne bhI dRSTAntako svIkAra nahIM kiyA / avyutpannoMke lie ukta donoM avayavoMke sAtha dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ina tIna avayavoMkI bhI jaina cintakoMne yathAyogya AvazyakatA pratipAdita kI hai| ise aura spaSTa yoM samajhie gRddhapiccha, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda aura siddhasenake pratipAdanoMse avagata hotA hai ki ArambhameM pratipAdyasAmAnyakI apekSAse pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tIna avayavoMse abhipretArtha ( sAdhya ) kI siddhi ko jAtI thii| para uttarakAlameM akalarakA saGketa pAkara kumAranandi aura vidyAnandane pratipAdyoMko vyutpanna aura avyutpanna do vargoM meM vibhakta karake unakI apekSAse pRthak-pRthak avayavoMkA kathana kiyaa| unake bAda mANikyanandi,devasUri Adi paravartI jaina granthakAroMne unakA samarthana kiyA aura spaSTatayA vyutpannoMke lie pakSa aura hetu ye do tathA avyutpannoM ke bodhArtha ukta doke atirikta dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ye tIna saba milAkara pAMca avayava nirUpita kiye / bhadrabAhune pratijJA, pratijJAzuddhi Adi daza avayavoMkA bhI upadeza diyA, jisakA anusaraNa devasUri, hemacandra aura yazovijayane kiyA hai| vyAptikA grAhaka ekamAtra tarka : anya bhAratIya darzanoMmeM bhRyodarzana, sahacAradarzana aura vyabhicArAgRhako vyAptigrAhaka mAnA gayA hai| nyAyadarzanameM vAcaspati aura sAMkhyadarzanameM vijJAnabhikSu ina do tAkikoMne vyAptigrahakI uparyukta sAmagrI meM tarkako bhI sammilita kara liyaa| unake bAda udayana, gaMgeza, varddhamAna prabhRti tAkikoMne bhI use vyAptigrAhaka mAna liyaa| para smaraNa rahe, jaina paramparAmeM AraMbhase tarkako, jise cintA, UhA Adi zabdoMse vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai, anamAnakI ekamAtra sAmagrIke rUpameM pratipAdita kiyA hai| akalaGka aise jaina tArkika haiM jinhoMne vAcaspati aura

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upasaMhAra : 20 vijJAnabhikSase pUrva sarva prathama tarkako vyAptigrAhaka samarthita evaM sampuSTa kiyA tathA sabalatAse usakA prAmANya sthApita kiyaa| unake pazcAta sabhIne use vyAptiprAhaka svIkAra kara liyaa| tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti : yadyapi bahiApti, sakalavyApti aura antarvyAptike bhedase vyApti ke tIna bhedoM, samavyApti aura viSamavyAptike bhedase usake do prakAroM tathA anvayavyApti aura vyatireka vyApti ina do bhedoMkA varNana tarkagranthoMmeM upalabdha hotA hai kintu tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ina do vyAptiprakAroM (vyAptiprayogoM ) kA kathana kevala jaina tarkagranthoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| inapara dhyAna denepara jo vizeSatA jJAta hoto hai vaha yaha hai ki anumAna eka jJAna hai usakA upAdAna kAraNa jJAna hI honA cAhie / tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ye donoM jJAnAtmaka haiM, jaba ki uparyukta vyAptiyA~ jJeyAtmaka ( viSayAtmaka ) haiM / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki ukta vyAptiyoMmeM eka antApti hI aisI vyApti hai, jo hetukI gamakatAmeM prayojaka hai, anya vyAptiyAM antAptike binA avyApta aura ativyApta haiM, ata eva ve sAdhaka nahIM haiN| tathA yaha antarvyApti ho tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapattirUpa hai athavA unakA viSaya hai / ina donoMmase kisI ekakA hI prayoga paryApta hai| inakA vizeSa vivecana tRtIya adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai| sAdhyAbhAsa : akalaGkane anumAnAbhAsoMke vivecanameM pakSAbhAsa yA pratijJAbhAsake sthAna meM sAdhyAbhAsa zabdakA prayoga kiyA hai| akalaGkake isa parivartana ke kAraNapara sakSama dhyAna denepara avagata hotA hai ki cUMki sAdhanakA viSaya ( gamya ) sAdhya hotA hai aura sAdhanakA avinAbhAva ( vyAptisambandha ) sAdhyake hI sAtha hotA hai, pakSa yA pratijJAke sAtha nahIM, ataH sAdhanAbhAsa ( hetvAbhAsa ) kA viSaya sAdhyAbhAsa honese use hI sAdhanAbhAsoMkI taraha svIkAra karanA yukta hai / vidyAnandane akalaGkako isa sUkSma dRSTiko parakhA aura unakA sayuktika samarthana kiyA / yathArthameM anumAnake mukhya prayojaka sAdhana aura sAdhya honese tathA sAdhanakA sIdhA sambandha sAdhyake sAtha hI honese sAdhanAbhAsako bhA~ti sAdhyAbhAsa hI vivecanIya hai / akalaGkane zakya, abhipreta aura asiddhako sAdhya tathA azakya, anabhipreta aura siddhako sAdhyAbhAsa pratipAdita kiyA hai-(sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddha tator3aparam / sAdhyAbhAsaM viruddhAdi sAdhanAviSayatvataH / akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsa : hetvAbhAsoMke vivecana-sandarbhameM siddhasenane kaNAda aura nyAyapravezakAraka

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262 : jaina tarkazAstrameM bhanumAna-vicAra tIna hetvAbhAsoMkA kathana kiyA hai, akSapAdakI bhAMti unhoMne pAMca hetvAbhAsa svIkAra nahIM kiye / prazna ho sakatA hai ki jaina tArkika hetukA eka ( avinAbhAvaanyathAnupapannatva ) rUpa mAnate haiM, ataH usake abhAvameM unakA hetvAbhAsa eka hI honA cAhie / vaizeSika, bauddha aura sAMkhya to hetuko trirUpa tathA nayAyika paMcarUpa svIkAra karate hai, ataH unake abhAva meM unake anusAra tIna aura pAMca hetvAbhAsa to yukta haiN| para siddhasenakA hetvAbhAsa-vaividhya pratipAdana kaise yukta hai ? isakA samAdhAna siddhasena svayaM karate hue kahate haiM ki cUMki anyathAnupapannatvakA abhAva tIna tarahase hotA hai-kahIM usakI pratIti na hone, kahIM usameM sandeha hone aura kahIM usakA viparyApta hone se; pratIti na honepara asiddha, sandeha honepara anaikAntika aura viparyAsa honepara viruddha ye tIna hetvAbhAsa hote haiN| akalaGka kahate haiM ki yathArtha meM hetvAbhAsa eka hI hai aura vaha hai akiJcitkara, jo anyathAnupapannatvake abhAvameM hotA hai / vAstavameM anumAnakA utthApaka avinAbhAvo hetu hI hai, ataH avinAbhAva ( anyathAnupapannatva ) ke abhAva hetvAbhAsakI sRSTi hotI hai / yataH hetu eka anyathAnupapannarUpa hI hai, ataH usake abhAvameM mUlataH eka hI hetvAbhAsa mAnya hai aura vaha hai anyathA upapannatva arthAt akinycitkr| asiddhAdi usIkA vistAra hai / isa prakAra akalaGkake dvArA 'akiJcitkara' nAmake naye hetvAbhAsakI parikalpanA unako anyatama upalabdhi hai| bAlaprayogAbhAsa : ___ mANikyanandine AbhAsoMkA vicAra karate hue anumAnAbhAsasandarbha meM eka 'bAlaprayogAbhAsa' nAmake naye anumAnAbhAsakI carcA prastuta kI hai| isa prayogAbhAsakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa mandaprajJako samajhAne ke lie tIna avayavoMko AvazyakatA hai usake lie do hI avayavoMkA prayoga karanA, jise cArako AvazyakatA hai use tIna aura jise pA~cakI jarUrata hai use cArakA hI prayoga karanA athavA viparIta kramase avayavoMkA kathana karanA bAlaprayogAbhAsa hai aura isa taraha ve cAra ( dvi-avayavaprayogAbhAsa, tri-avayavaprayogAbhAsa, caturavayavaprayogAbhAsa aura viparItAvayavaprayogAbhAsa ) sambhava haiN| mANikyanandise pUrva inakA kathana dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / ataH inake puraskartA mANikyanandi pratIta hote haiN| anumAnameM abhinibodha-matijJAnarUpatA aura zrutarUpatA : ___jana vAGmayameM anumAnako abhinibodhamatijJAna aura zruta donoM nirUpita kiyA hai / tattvArthasUtrakArane use abhinibodha kahA hai jo matijJAnake paryAyoM meM paThita hai| SaTkhaNDAgamakAra bhUtabali-puSpadantane use 'hetuvAda' nAmase vyavahRta kiyA hai aura zrutake paryAyanAmoMmeM ginAyA hai| yadyapi ina donoM kathanoMmeM kucha virodha-sA

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upasaMhAra : 211 pratIta hogaa| para vidyAnandane ise spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki tattvArthasUtrakArane svArthAnumAnako abhinibodha kahA hai, jo vacanAtmaka nahIM hai aura SaTakhaNDAgamakAra tathA unake vyAkhyAkAra vIrasenane parArthAnumAnako zrutarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai, jo vacanAtmaka hotA hai| vidyAnandakA yaha samanvayAtmaka sUkSma cintana jaina tarkazAstrameM eka nayA vicAra hai jo vizeSa ullekhya hai| isa upalabdhikA sambandha vizeSatayA jaina jJAnamImAMsAke sAtha hai| isa taraha jaina cintakoMkI anumAnaviSayameM aneka upalabdhiyAM haiN| unakA anumAna-sambandhI cintana bhAratIya tarkazAstrake lie kaI naye tattva detA hai|

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pariziSTa-1 sandarbha-grantha-sUcI 1. akalaMka sampAdaka-mahendrakumAra jaina / nyAyavinizcaya bhAga 1-2-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, san 1954 / siddhivinizcaya bhAga 1-2-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; san 1959 / pramANasaMgraha--akalaMkagranthatrayake antargata, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, san 1936 / lavIyastraya-akalaMkagranthatrayake antargata, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, san 1939 / aSTazatI ( aSTasa0 )-seTha rAmacandra nAthAraMga, bambaI, san 1918 / tattvArthavAtika bhAga 1-2-bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, san 1953 / akalaMkagranthatraya-siMghI jaina gra0, ahamadAbAda, san 1953 / 2. akSapAda nyAyasUtra-caukhambhA saM0 sI0, vArANasI, san 1916 / 3. anantavIrya siddhivinizcayaTIkA bhAga 1-2-bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, san 1959 / 4. anantavIrya ( laghu ) prameyaratnamAlA-caukhambhA, vArANasI, vi0 saM0 2020 / 5. annambhadra tarkasaMgraha-nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI, san 1933 tarkasaMgraha-( nyAyabodhinI ) zrI harikRSNa nibandha bhavanam, vArANasI / 6. abhayadeva sanmatitakaTIkA-gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda / 7. arcaTa hetubinduTIkA-oriyaMTala iMsTITayUTa, bar3audA, san 1949 / 8. IzvarakRSNa sAMkhyakArikA-caukhambhA saM0 sI0, vArANasI, san 1917 /

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266 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra 9. udayana nyAyavArtikatAtpa0 pari0- gava0 saM0 kAleja, kalakattA, san 1911 / nyAyakusumAMjali - caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, san 1962 / kiraNAvalI - caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, san 1918 / 10. udyotakara nyAyavAttika - caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, san 1916 / 11. umAsvAti tattvArthadhigamabhASya - rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, baMbaI | 12. kaNAda vaizeSikadarzana- caukhambhA saM0 sI0, vArANasI, san 1923 / 13. kumArila mImAMsAzlokavArtika- caukhambhA saM0 sI0, vArANasI, san 1898 / 14. kezavamizra tarkabhASA - caukhambhA saM0 sI0, vArANasI, san 1963 / 15. kailAzacandra zAstrI jaina nyAya - bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, san 1966 / 16. kauTilya kauTilIya arthazAstra - maisUra yUnivarsiTI, maMsUra, san 1961 / 17. gaMgeza tattvacintAmaNi- syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kAzImeM vidyamAna prati 81 / saM0 10 / 18. gRddhapiccha tattvArthasUtra - di0 jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, vo0 ni0 2467 / 19. cArukIti prameyaratnAlaMkAra - maisUra yUnivarsiTI, maisUra san 1948 / 20. jagadIza tarkAlaMkAra dIdhitiTIkA - caukhambhA saM0 sI0, vArANasI / 21. jayantabhaTTa nyAyamaMjarI - caukhambhA saM0 sI0, vArANasI, san 1934 / nyAyakalikA - gaMgAnAtha jhA / 22. jaimini mImAMsAdarzana - madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya, madrAsa, san 1934 /

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23. dalasukhabhAI AgamayugakA jaina darzana-sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, san 1966 / sandarbha-grantha-sUcI : 260 24. dvArikAdAsa (saM0) nyAyabhASya - ( hindI ) bhAratIya vidyAprakAzana, vArANasI, san 1966 / 25. dinA pramANasamuccaya - ( pratyakSa pariccheda ) maisUra yUnivarsiTI, maMsUra, san 1930 / 26. durveka mizra dharmottarapradIpa- kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla anuzIlana saMsthA, phTanA, san 1955 / 27. devarAja pUrvI aura pazcimI darzana - ( dvi0 AvRtti ) buddhivAdI prakAza gRha, lakhanaU / 28. devasUri pramANanayatattvAloka - Arhatamata prabhAkara kAryAlaya, pUnA, vI0 ni0 2453 / syAdvAdaratnAkara - ( pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra ), Arhatamata prabhAkara kAryAlaya, pUnA, vI0 ni0 2453 / 29. dharma koti 31. nyAyabindu - (dvi0 AvRtti ) caukhambhA saM0 sI0, vArANasI, san 1954 / pramANavArtika-kitAba mahala, ilAhAbAda, san 1943 / 30. dharma bhUSaNa hetubindu - oriyaMTala insTITyUTa, bar3audA san 1949 / vAdanyAya - mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha / ( sampAdaka - darabArIlAla koThiyA ) nyAyadIpikA - vIra sevA mandira, dillI, san 1945 / narendrasena ( sampAdaka - darabArIlAla koThiyA ) pramANaprameyakalikA-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, vI0 ni0 2487 / 32. nAgArjuna upAyahRdaya - prI dinnAga buddhisTa TeksTsa oNna lAjika phraoNma cAinIz2a sorasejake antargata, ori0 iMsTITyUTa, bar3audA, san 1929 / 33. nemicandra gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa - rAyacandrazAstramAlA, bambaI san 1927 |

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268 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra 34. pAla sTenathala udAna 35. pArthasArathi nyAyaratnAkara ( mI0 zlo0 vyA0 )-caukhambhA saM0 sI0 vaaraannsii| zAstradIpikA-nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, san 1925 / 36. puSpadanta-bhUtabalI SaTakhaNDAgama-(mUla hindI sahita ) granthaprakAzana samiti phalaTana, san '65 / 37. pUjyapAda sarvArthasiddhi-bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, san 1955 / 38. prabhAkara bRhatI-madrAsa yUni0 madrAsa, san 1936 / 39. prajJAkara vAttikAlaMkAra-mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha / pramANavAttikabhASya-kAzIprasAda jA0 anuzIlana saMsthA paTanA, saM0 2010 / 40. prabhAcandra ( sampAdaka-mahendrakumAra ) prameyakamalamArtaNDa-( dvi0 saM0 ) nirNayasAgara presa bambaI, san 1941 / nyAyakumudacandra-di0 jaina granthamAlA bambaI, san 1941 / 41. prazastapAda prazastapAdabhASya-cau0 saM0 sI0 vArANasI, san 1923 / 42. ballabhAcArya nyAyalIlAvatI-cau0 saM0 sI0 vArANasI, san 1927 / 43 bhagavAnadAsa DaoN. darzanakA prayojana 44. bhadrabAhu dazavakAlikaniyukti-Agamodaya samiti, sUrata / 45. bhImAcArya nyAyakoza-( tR0 A0 ) prAcya vidyAsaMzodhana mandira bambaI, san 1928 / 46. mathurAnAtha tarkavAgoza vyAptipaMcakam-satyanAmAkhyamantrAlaya kAzI, saMvat 1982 /

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sandarma-andha-sUcI : 269 47. manu ___manusmRti-cau0 saM0 sI0, vArANasI, san 1952 / 48. malliSeNa ___ syAdvAdamaMjarI-bhA0 prA0 saMzodhana mandira, pUnA, san 1933 / 49. mahendrakumAra jaina jaina darzana( dvi0 saM0 )-varNI jaina granthamAlA vArANasI, san 1966 / 50. mAdhavAcArya ___ sarvadarzanasaMgraha-AnandAzrama mudraNAlaya, pUnA, san 1928 / 51. mANikyanandi parIkSAmukha-paM0 ghanazyAmadAsa jaina syA0 ma0, kAzI, vI0 saM0 1972 / 52. muni kanhaiyAlAla ( sampAdaka ) mUlasuttANi-zAntilAla bI0 seTha, vyAvara, vi0 saM0 2010 / anuyogasUtra-zAntilAla bI0 seTha, vyAvara, vi0 saM0 2010 / sthAnAMgasUtra-dhanapatisiMha, kalakattA / bhagavatIsUtra-dhanapatisiMha, kalakattA / 53. yazovijaya jJAnabinduprakaraNa-siMghI jaina gra0, ahamadAvAda san 1942 / jaina tarkabhApA-siMghI jaina gra0, ahamadAbAda, san 1938 / 54. rAya DeviDa ( sampAdaka ) brahmajAlasutta 55. lakSmIsiMha nIlakaNThI ( ta0 saM0 TI0 )-nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, san 1933 / 56. vAcaspati nyAyavArtikatAtpa0 TI0-caukhambhA saM0 sI0, vArANasI, san 1925 / sAMkhyatattvakaumudI-caukhambhA saM0 sI0, vArANasI, san 1917 / 57. varddhamAnopAdhyAya nyAyanibandhaprakAza-gavarnameMTa saM0 kAleja, kalakattA, san 1911 / 58. vasubandhu tarkazAstra-oriyaMTala iMsTITayUTa, bar3audA, san 1929 / 59. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa-gItA presa, gorakhapura, vi0 saM0 2017 /

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200 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra 60. vAdirAja nyAyavinizcayavi0 bhAga 1-2-bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, san 1954 / pramANanirNaya-mA0 di0 jana gra0, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1974 / 61. vAdIbhasiMha ( sampAdaka-darabArIlAla koThiyA ) syAdvAdasiddhi-mA0 di0 jaina gra0, bambaI, san 1950 / 62. vAsudeva ( sampAdaka ) IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad-nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, san 1932 / ( brahmabindUpaniSad, maitrAyaNI upaniSad, subAlopaniSad ) 63. vidyAnanda tattvArthazlokavA0-seTha rAmacandra nAthAraMga, bambaI, san 1918 / aSTasahasrI-seTha rAmacandra nAthAraMga, bambaI, san 1915 / pramANaparIkSA-sanAtana jaina gra0 kalakattA, san 1914 / patraparIkSA-sanAtana jaina gra0 kalakattA, san 1913 / yuktyanuzAsanAlaMkAra-mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA, baMbaI / 64. vijJAnabhikSu sAMkhyadarzanabhASya-caukhambhA, vArANasI, vi0 saM0 1985 / 65. vIrasena dhavalA-jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa, bhelasA, I0 1955 / jayadhavalA-jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA, san 1944 / 6. vyAsa mahAbhArata-gItApresa, gorakhapura, vi0 saM0 2017 / 67. zabarasvAmI mImAMsAdarzanabhASya-madrAsa yUni0, madrAsa, san 1934 / 68. zAntarakSita tattvasaMgraha-janarala lAyabrerI, bar3audA, san 1926 / 69. zAntisUri nyAyAvatAravAtika0-bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, baMbaI, vi0 saM0 2005 / 70. zAlikAnAtha prakaraNapaMcikA-kA0 hi0 vizvavi0, san 1965 /

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sandarbha-anya-sUcI : 20 71. zaMkaramizra___ vaizeSikasUtropaskAra-caukhambhA, vArANasI, san 1923 / 72. zaMkarasvAmI nyAyapraveza-oriyaMTala iMsTI0, bar3audA, san 1920 / 73. zaMkarAcArya chAndogyopani0 bhASya-gItApresa, gorakhapura, vi0 saM0 2013 / 74. zrutasAgara tattvArthavRtti-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, san 1949 / 75. vizvanAtha nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI-gujarAtI presa, bambaI, san 1923 / 76. satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa e hisTarI oNpha iMDiyana lAjika-kalakattA yUni0, kalakattA / 77. sadAnanda vedAntasAra-caukhambhA saM0 sI0 vArANasI, san 1959 / 78. samantabhadra ( sampAdaka-anuvAdaka-jugalakizora mukhtAra ) AMptamImAMsA-vIrasevAmandiraTrasTa, dillI, san 1967 / yuktyanuzAsana-vIrasevAmandira, dillI, san 1951 / svayambhUstotra-vIrasevAmandira, dillI, san 1951 / 79. siddhasena ( sampAdaka-paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ) nyAyAvatAra-bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, baMbaI, vi. saM 2005 / sanmatiprakaraNa-jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, san 1963 / 80. siddharSigaNi nyAyAvatAraTIkA-zve0 jana mahAsabhA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1985 / 81.haribhadra SaDadarzanasamuccaya-AtmAnandasabhA, bhAvanagara / 82. hemacandra pramANamImAMsA-siMghI jaina gra0, ahamadAbAda, san 1939 / 83. ajJAtakartRka chAndogyopaniSad-gItA presa, gorakhapura /

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201 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra 84. ajJAtakartRka Rgveda 85. ajJAtakartRka yuktidIpikA-kalakattA yUniva0 saM0 sI0, kalakattA, san 1938 / patra-patrikAe~ ( 1 ) anekAnta-vIrasevAmandira, dariyAgaMja, dillii| (2) jaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara-jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA / (3) do janarala A~va dI vihAra eNDa ur3IsA-risarca sosAyaTI, pttnaa| (4) jaina eNTikverI-jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA / (5) dArzanika-rAjasthAna yUnivarsiTI, jayapura / ( 6 ) bhAratIya vidyA-bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI /

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pariziSTa-2 nAmAnukramaNI anuyogadvArasUtra-7, 20, 25, 28, 29, 42, 43, 84, 112 / anekAntajayapatAkA-32 / abhayadeva-32, 202 / assttshsrii-32| asaMga-256 / A AptamImAMsA-31, 47, 91, 92, 96, 115, 194 / indrabhUti-25 / akalaGka-8, 31, 37, 41, 47, 52, 65, 66, 67, 69, 73, 77, 80, 81, 85, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 105, 106,107,113, 114, 121, 147, 148, 149, 150, 154, 158,163, 165,168, 171, 172,173,175,177, 179, 182, 195, 196, 197, 198, 208, 210, 211, 216, 218, 219,228,229,230, 231, 232,233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240,243,258. 259,260, 261,262 / akSapAda-8, 9, 35, 37, 109, 147,173, 178,189,190, 205,207,208, 248, 249, 250,256, 258, 262 / arcaTa-8, 22, 36, 40, 131, 138,151,152, 156, 193, 206, 234 / arthshaastr-6| anantavIrya-32,121, 122, 150, 166, 172, 175, 182, 183, 186, 188, 195, 202, 219 / annaMbhaTTa-17,39,60, 110,145, 156 / IzvarakRSNa-22, 46, 61, 205, 256 / udayana-8, 16, 36, 39, 49, 60, 131, 132, 134, 135,142, 144, 146, 147, 155, 256, 260 / udyotakara-8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 36, 38, 39, 43, 49, 60, 91, 95, 97, 110, 111,131,142, 143, 147, 167, 172,173, 190, 191,

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204 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna - vicAra 192, 194, 200, 205, 232, 249, 250, 252, 256, 258 Rgveda - 3, 153 / kaThopaniSad - 153 / kaNAda - 9, 17, 18, 35, 41, 42, 49, 60, 69, 174, 191, 204, 205, 206, 208, 216, 220, 247, 249, 250, 251 / karNakagomi -- 203 / kAzyapa - 18, 49, 174, 190, 191 / kumAranandi - 41, 164, 168, 175, 195, 196, 260 / kumArilabhaTTa - 8, 22, 40, 50, 60, 66, 67, 140, 141, 155, 256 / kezavamizra - 17, 36, 39, 43, 60, 110, 111, 135, 145, 155 / kauTilya - 6, 7 / ga gaMgeza - 8, 10, 16, 36, 39, 110, 145, 155, 181, 256, 260 / gadAdhara - 17, 39, 133 / gRddhapiccha - 30, 66, 73, 74, 76, 84, 100, 105, 156, 160, 161, 162, 163, 182, 260 / gautama - 8, 9, 10, 19, 24, 25, 33, 37, 48, 49, 69, 96, 98, 99, 131, 142, 169, 178, 151, 192, 238 / caraka -- 28, 42, 70 / carakazAstra -- 112 / cArukItti - 156, 166, 173, 175, 181, 183, 186, 202, 242, 244, 245, 246 / cha chAndogyopaniSad - 3, ja jagadIza - 17, 39, 133 / jayantabhaTTa - 8, 16, 38, 39, 43, 49, 60, 110, 111, 124, 128, 155,167, 174, 192, 200, 231, 249,251, 253 / jayarAzibhaTTa - 146 / jalpa nirNaya - 237 // jainatarkabhASA - 32 / jaiminisUtra - 40, 153 / tarkabhASA - 17 / tarkapAda-- 22 / sii 4 / tarkasaMgraha - 17, 110 / tattvacintAmaNi - 10, 16,39,105, 110, 145 / tattvArthazlokavArtika - 32,77, 219 / tattvArthasUtra - 29, 72, 76, 77, 78, 79, 84, 159, 160 / tattvaraudrI - 10 / dalasukhamAlavaNiyA - 71 / dazavaikAlika - 29 /

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mAmAnukramaNI: 205 diGnAga-8,15, 18, 21, 43, 61, dhavalA-81, 85 / 62, 97, 112, 120, 162, 168,192, 234, 238, 240, nArAyaNabhaTTa-47, 168 / 244, 256, 258 / / nyAyakalikA-16 / devendrabuddhi-22 / nyAyakumudacandra-32, 118 / devarAja-257 / nyAyAvatAra-31, 51, 91, 96, devasUri-8, 32, 47, 52, 67, 69, 122, 124, 162 / 121, 122,124,125, 127, nyaaydiipikaa-32| 128,147, 149,150,151, nyAyadvAra-21 / 158,165, 166, 168, 172, nyAyapraveza-20, 21,35, 40,46, 175, 177, 179, 180,183, 50, 51, 52, 112, 228, 185,186, 187, 188,202, 218,219,220,242,244, 238,253 / 245, 246, 260 / nyAyabindu-21, 47, 52,206,238 / __ nyAyabhASya-11, 37, 50, 109, 110, 115, 131 / dharmakIti-8,15, 21, 36, 40,43, nyAyamaMjarI-16, 110, 231 / 47, 52, 62, 66, 68, 112, nyAyaratnAkara----47 / 127, 131,138, 139, 146, nyAyavAttika-16, 21, 38, 110, 150, 151, 152, 156, 168, 115, 131, 232 / 171,172,174,177, 182, nyAyavinizcaya-31, 92, 95, 96, 185, 191, 193, 197, 199, 171, 196, 237 / 206, 207,208,210,220, nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa-32, 115, 228,234,235, 238,240, 243, 244,252, 253, 256 / 194 / nyAyasUtra-5, 8, 9, 10, 19, 20, dharmottara-8, 22, 36, 40, 171, 24, 28, 29, 35, 37, 42, 172, 174, 206 / 44, 48, 49, 50, 60, 109, dharmabhUSaNa-32, 47, 68, 69, 73, 111, 131,154, 238 / 92, 95, 96, 125, 126, 127,128, 129, 149,166, 170, 172,175, 186, 202, pakSadharamizra-39 / 220, 244, 246 / ptNjli-10|

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206 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra patraparIkSA-32, 164 / / parIkSAmukha--32, 237, 238 / prakaraNapaMcikA--22, 47 / pAtrasvAmI-8, 41, 175, 194, prjnyaakr--8,22| 195, 196, 200 / prabhAcandra--8, 32, 43, 69, 92, pArthasArathi-22, 47, 50, 141, 112, 115,118,121, 122, 168, 256 / 147, 149, 150,165, 166, pANini-- 153 / 168,172,173, 175, 183, pUjyapAda-29, 40, 63, 64, 65, 186,188, 202, 218, 219 / 66, 73, 74, 160, 163, prabhAkara-22, 60, 61, 68, 140, 260 / 256 / puSpadanta-83, 262 / pramAganayatattvAlokAlaMkAra-32, 242 // pramANaparIkSA-32,79, 164, 219 / pramANamImAMsA--32, 65 / bRhatI-22, 41 / pramANavAttika--21, 47, 206 / brhmjaalsutt-4| pramANavAttikAlaMkAra--120 / brhmbinduupnissd-3| pramANasamuccaya savRtti-21 / pramANasamuccaya--21, 112 / pramANasaMgraha-31,171,196, 232, bhgvaandaas-4| 237 / bhagavattIsUtra-7, 25, 70,71, 72, prameyakamalamAtaDa-32, 118, 219 / prameyaratnamAlA--32, 219 / bhadrabAhu-26, 30, 46, 48, 177, pravacanasAra--84 / 186, 187, 260 / prazastapAda-8, 17, 18, 19, 21, bhUtavali-83, 262 / 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 50, 51, 66, 96, 98, 99, 101, 1.8, 109,110,111,112, mnusmRti-7| 120,141, 142,146, 148, mahAbhArata-5 / 155,167, 169, 171, 174, mahAvIra-25 / 177, 178, 185, 190, 191, mathurAnAtha-17, 39, 133 // 204, 234, 240,247,248, mahendrakumAra-232, 233 / 251, 252,256 / malliSeNa-125 / prazastapAdabhASya-19,35, 39, 44, mAThara-8,15,42,51,168,182, 51, 120, 142, 252 / 191, 256 /

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nAmAnukramaNI : 27. mATharavRtti-46, 111 / vAtsAyana-6,8,10, 11, 11, 12, maanmeyody-47| 29, 30, 33, 37,48,49,60, mANikyanandi-8,22,32,41, 47, 65, 90, 91, 131, 142, 52, 59, 67, 68, 69, 73, 147, 167, 169, 172,173, 92, 94, 95, 121, 122, 181, 184, 187, 190, 205, 127, 135, 147, 149,150, 256 / 151, 156, 165, 166, 168, vAcaspatti -8, 15, 22, 36, 38, 172,173, 175, 177, 179, 39,43, 49, 110,111, 131, 180,181, 182, 113, 185 132, 134, 143, 144,146, 186,188, 201, 202, 218, 147,154, 167, 174, 184, 219, 220, 237 238, 239, 185, 192, 200,205, 249, 240,241, 242, 243, 244, 256, 260 / 245, 260 / vAdanyAya-237 maitraaynnii-upnissd-4| vAdirAja-32, 90, 92, 115, 116, 118, 121. 172, 175, yazovijaya-32, 47, 158, 173, 194, 200, 219, 230, 233, 175, 177, 181, 187, 202, 235, 237, 238 243 / 220, 244, 246, 260 / vAdIbhasiMha-37, 158, 201 / yaajnyvlky-5| vAsudeva mishr-39| yuktidIpikA-20, 45, 51,111 / / vaalmiiki-5| yuktynushaasn-31|| vijJAnabhikSu-22, 140, 46, 154, 256, 260, 261 / / raghunAthaziromaNi-39, 133 / vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi-226 / rAmAyaNa--5, 153 / vidyAnanda-8, 32, 37, 47, 66, ruupnaaraaynn-9| 67, 68, 69, 73, 77, 78, 79, 81, 85, 92, 94, 98, laghIyastrayaH-31, 77,92, 92,96, 100, 101, 105, 106, 115, 116,11,147, 149, 150, laghu anantavIrya-32, 218, 219 / 158, 164, 165, 168, 172, 173, 175, 194, 195, 199, varddhamAna upAdhyAya-8, 39, 135, 200, 203, 208,211, 213, 144, 145, 146, 147, 260 / / 215, 216,217, 218,219, vasubandhu-8, 192, 256 / 220, 260, 262 / la

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278 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna- vicAra vidyAbhUSaNa - 6 / vinItadeva -- 22 / sthAnAGgasUtra--7, 23, vizvAvasu - 5 / 84, 207, 208 / vizvanAtha - 8, 39, 60, 110, 145, svayambhU stotra - 31 / 155 / satIzacandra - 6 | vyomaziva - 19 / sanmatitarkaTIkA - 32 / vyAkaraNasUtra - 153 / vIrasena - 23,79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 195, 198, 207, 262 / vaizeSikasUtra - 9, 17, 35 / za zaMkarasvAmI - 36, 40, 112, 168, 238, 258 / zaMkaramizra - 40, 162, 204 / - zabara - 42, 98, 106, 1940 / zlokavArttika - 22, 40, 155 / shaaNkrbhaassy-4| zAMtabhadra - 22 / zAMtarakSita - 8, 41, 62, 194 / zAbarabhASya - 40, 41, 153 // zAlikAnAtha - 22, 47, 61, 140, 168, 193 / zAstradIpikA - 22 / zAstravArtA samuccaya - 32 / zAntisUri - 175 / zrIkaNTha-8 / zrIdhara - 19 / zrIharSa - 146 / zrutasAgara - 77, 79, 81 / pa SaTkhaNDAgama - 7, 23, 71, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 105, 206, 262 / 70, 71, samantabhadra - 8, 23, 29, 31, 40, 47, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 73, 74, 91, 92, 96, 160, 161, 162, 163, 174, 182, 194, 196, 226, 259, 260 / sarvadeva-49 / sarvArthasiddhi - 66 | sAMkhyakArikA - 28, 31, 42, 111 / sAMkhyadarzana - 43, 51, 61, 111, 112, 140, 146, 205, 260 / sAMkhyatattvakaumudI--205 / siddhasena - 8, 29, 37, 41, 47, 52, 62, 65, 71, 92, 96, 120, 121, 122, 124, 158, 162, 163, 171, 13, 175, 177, 178, 182, 195, 196, 227, 228, 230, 243, 244, 246, 260, 261, 262 / siddhivinizcaya - 31, 32, 121, 208, 237 / siddharSigaNa - 91 sukhalAla saMghavI - 152, 187, 231, 232 / subAlopaniSad - 4 / ha haribhadra - 32, 71 / hetuvindu - 21, 139, 191, 193

Page #306
nAmAnukramaNI : 209 hetuvAttika-191 / hetuckrsmrthn-21|| hemacandra-8, 32, 47, 52, 67, 68, 69, 73, 92, 95, 121, 122, 127, 147, 149,151, 152,165, 166,168, 172, 173, 175, 177, 180,182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 202,218,220,244,260 / pariziSTa-3 pramukha dArzanika-tAkika-pAribhASika zabda-sUcI 199,200,201, 202, 211, akaarykaarnnaanumaan-117| 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, akiJcitkara-231, 232, 233, 234, 243, 257, 259, 261 234, 235, 240, 243, 244, anyathAnuphpannattva-31, 57, 92, 245, 262 / 107,113,114, 116, 119, ativyApta-112,114,123, 201, 120,136, 194, 195, 196, 259, 261 / 197, 198, 199,200, 204, arthApatti-31, 69,70, 73, 74, 216,218,227,228, 230, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 231, 232, 259, 262 103, 105,106, 107, 150, anyathAnupapadyamAna-101,103,151, 257 / 257 / arthaapttipuurvikaa-103| anvayavyApti-11,155, 156,261 antarvyApti-31, 37, 157, 158, anvayavyatirekI-'4, 55, 109, 179, 201, 257, 259, 261 116, 192, 205 / anyathAnupapatti-31, 82, 91, 102, anadhyavasAya-98 / 103, 113, 114,116, 118, anubhUti-60, 61 / 119, 123, 135, 156, 165, anumAna-3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 175, 176,194, 196, 198, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 25,

Page #307
180 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, anaikAntika -199, 202, 228, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 234, 235,243,250,251, 252 24 57, 58, 68, 69, 70,71, 252, 261 / 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, apUrvArtha-61, 66, 67, 68, 69 / 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, apoh-154| 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, abAdhitatva-166 / 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, abAdhitaviSayatva-185, 192, 99, 101, 102 104, 105, 193, 164,200, 203 / 108,109, 110, 111, 112, abhAva-31, 69, 70, 83, 88, 113, 114,115, 116, 117, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104, 118,119,120, 121, 122, 105, 106, 107, 135, 150, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 201, 207, 227, 257 / 128,129,130, 132, 133, abhAvArthApatti-103 / 134,137, 140, 146, 147, abhinivodha-30, 31,72,76,77, 149, 151,153, 157, 159, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 162,163, 170, 184, 188, 85, 106, 255, 256, 258, 189,209, 226, 229, 230, 262, 263 237,238, 245, 246, 247, avyApta-112, 114, 201, 259, 248, 251,254, 255, 256, 261 257, 258, 259,260, 262, avagraha-100 263 / avadhi-71, 72, 74, 76 / anumAnAbhAsa-13, 87, 113, avidhA-98 226,227, 228, 229, 237, avinAbhAva-16, 31, 34, 37, 242,243, 244, 247, 248, ___39, 40, 57, 87, 94, 95, 253, 262 / 96, 97, 101, 102, 113, anumeya-12, 13, 16, 36, 91, 116, 118,119, 135, 136, 55, 126, 149, 160, 162, 137,138, 139, 148, 149, 166, 167,172, 173, 174, 160,153, 157,191, 165, 178,179,185, 190, 248, 166,172, 175, 185, 192, 253, 258 / 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, anumeyArtha-91, 95, 104, 109, 198, 199,200,201, 202, 128 / 203, 204,209,258, 259, banekAntAtmaka-91, 102, 199 / 261, 262 /

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dArzanika-tArkika-pAribhASika zabda-sUcI: 201 avisaMvAdi-62, 66, 86, 88, / 98, 99, 100, 101, 105, avIta-109, 111, 115, 116, 106,107, 149, 150 / 205 / upAdAna-10, 13, 31, 59, 65, aviitaanumaan-115| asatpratipakSa-200, 203, / upekSA-93 / asatpratipakSatva-166, 185,192, / asmvaayi-59| UhA-75, 90, 147, 151,153, Agama-23,24,29,33, 68.70, 260 / 71,72,73,74,75,76,77, UhApoha-101,104, 137, 147 / 84, 85, 101, 105, 139, 149,151,187, 230, 239, aitiha-19, 69, 98, 99, 105, 245, 251 / 257 / aatmsNvit-112| klpnaapoddh-65| indriyajJAna-83 / kArya-25, 26, 29, 59, 108, indriyavyApAra-83 / 204,206. 208, 210, 211, IhA-154 / __ 214, 216, 218 / kAryakAraNarUpa-8, 916, 117 / kAryakAraNabhAva-57, 89, 138, uttaracara--118, 138,150, 198, 139, 198 / 202,208, 209, 212, 213, kAryahetu-89, 212 / 218,219, 259 / kArakasAkalya-65 / udAharaNa- 9, 11, 15, 30, 31, kAraNa-25, 26, 29, 108, 204, 75, 167, 177, 178, 181, 208,210,211, 214, 216, 182,184, 185, 188, 189, 218 / 190,198, 202, 226, 239, kAraNakAryarUpa-116 / 259 / kAraNahetu-209, 212 / upanaya-9,166,167, 177,181 kevalajJAna-71,72,73,74,76 / 182, 183, 184,185, 186, kevalAnvayI-14,109, 110,111 188,241, 242 / 192, 205 / upanayAbhAsa-242, 243, 244, kevalavyatirekI-14, 109, 192, 245, 246,248, 249 / / 205 / upamAna-69, 70, 73, 74, 75, kSayopazama-74 /

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282 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, gaveSaNA-154 / 241, 242 / nigamanAbhAsa-243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249 / cintA-30,31,72,75, 76, 83, nigrahasthAna-30, 256 / 90, 100, 101, 153, 154, nirNaya-69, 98, 99 / 260 / nidarzanAbhAsa-248, 252 / ceSTA-69, 98, 99 / nirvikalpaka-65 / chala-30, 256 / pakSa-21, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 165, 168, 169, 171 172, 182, 188, 189, 246, jalpa-30, 256 / 250, 257, 258, 259 / jJAtatva-193, 194 / pakSavRttitva-166 / pakSadharmatA-9, 13, 16, 17, 34, tarka-15, 57, 68, 72, 73, 74, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 183, 156 / 75, 78, 80, 90, 98,121, 125, 137, 144, 146, 147, pakSadharmattva-113 / 148, 149, 153, 154, 155, parasaMvedI-63 / 159,163, 170, 171, 256, parArtha-31, 78, 85, 110, 111, 263 / 112,119, 122, 124, 125, tarkarasika-89 / 129 / tathopapatti-31, 123, 156, 176, parArthAnumAna-106, 108, 109, 201,261 / 120, 121,122, 123, 124, 128,129,162, 164,167, 168, 183,185, 187,188, dRSTa-23, 109 / 240, 244, 250, 251, 253, dRSTAntAbhAsa-31, 241,242, 246 254, 263 / 248, 250, 252, 253 / / parArthAnumAnAbhAsa-253 / praarthsNvitt-112| nAstitAjJAna-103 / parAmarza-10, 13, 143, 256 nAstittAgrAhIjJAna-103 / 257 / nigamana-9, 166, 167, 183, parokSa-3, 30, 31, 33, 58, 72,

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dArzanika-sArkika-pAribhASika zabda-sUcI : 205 73, 74, 76, 77, 100,121 101,121, 125, 152, 257 / pramA-60, 63 / parokSapramANa-107, 154, 257 / pramANa-1, 3, 17, 18, 30, 31, pUrvacara-118, 138, 150, 198, 32, 37, 58, 56, 60, 61, 202, 208, 209, 212, 213, 62, 65, 73, 86, 96, 98, 218, 219, 259 / 99, 101, 102, 121, 126, 127,136, 140, 143, 145, pUrvavat-14, 20, 25, 28, 109, 147, 150, 153, 154,171 112, 113, 114,117 / 184, 203, 219, 232, 237 pratijJA-9, 19, 32, 125, 128, 257 / 129, 161,162, 163, 167, pramANAbhAsa-58, 56, 71, 72 / 168,169,170, 171,184, prmey-102| 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 226, 242, 243, 248, 249, prAmANya-67, 87, 88, 89,137, 146, 147, 154 / 256, 260 / prAtibha-98, 99 / pratijJAbhAsa-229, 247, 248, prAtibhajJAna-105 / 249, 251, 261 / / pratibhA-100 101 105 / prtissedhsaadhk-104| bddhi-100| pratipatti-13, 91, 16, 17, 106 bahirvyApti-157, 158, 201 / 107, 121, 125, 167,174, 184, 185, 257, 258 / mati-30, 31, 71, 72, 73, 74 pratyakSa-12, 30,33, 65, 67, 69 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 85, 83, 84, 85 / 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 98, matijJAna-106 / 100,103, 104, 122, 124 manaHparyaya-71, 72, 74, 76 / 125, 126, 127, 134,135 mArgaNA-154 / 138, 139, 140, 141, 143 mImAMsA-154 / 147, 148, 150, 152, 166 mukhyAnumAna-121 / 170, 226, 230, 235, 245, medhaa-100| 248, 251, 257 / prtyksstodRssttsmbndh-109| pratyabhijJAna-25, 27, 29, 68,73 yathArthAnubhava-60 / 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 98 yogyatA-62, 63 /

Page #311
284 : jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna-vicAra liMga-10, 12, 13, 35, 37, 39, - 83, 89, 92. 93, 97, 103, 105,130, 193, 248, 249, 253, 256, 257 / liMgadarzana-12,75, 90, 91, 96, 96 143, 258 / liGgaparAmarza-10, 13, 16, 91, 95, 96, 97 / liGgAbhAsa-190, 247, 248, 256 / lingglinggiisNbNdhsmRti-91| laiGgika-9, 69, 82, 98, 101, 108, 247, 248, 255, 258 / 131, 135, 137, 139, 140, 141,144,145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152,154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 166, 178, 179,257,259,260,261 / vyaaptinirnny-90|| vyAptinizcaya-90, 102, 148, 151 / vyAptismaraNa-75, 90, 96 / zabda-8, 9, 11, 19, 33, 35, 36, 38, 41, 50, 69, 71, 77, 81, 82, 85, 91, 151, 153, 162, 181, 184,234, 236, 237 / zabdArthApatti-103 / zeSavat-8, 14, 20, 25, 27,29, 114, 116, 117 / zruta-30,71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 100, 105, 107, 121 / vaartaa-5| vAda-20, 30, 256 / / vijJAna-94 / vitaNDA-20, 30, 256 / vidyA-85 / vipakSavyAvRtta-190 / vipakSAsattva-192, 193, 195, 199, 251 / vivakSitakasaMkhyatva-193, 203 / virodhi-108| vIta-109, 111, 113, 115, 116, 205 / viitaanumaan-115| vyatirekavyApti-155, 156 / vyApti-9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 75, 88, 102, 114, 120, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, sambhava-31, 69, 98, 99, 100, 104,105,106, 107,117 / saMjJA-30, 31, 73, 75,76, 83, 100 / saMyogI-108, 113, 118, 204, 206 / satpratipakSa-200, 234, 246, 249 / sannikarSa-63, 65 / sapakSasattva-21, 36, 192, 173, 197, 198, 199, 251 /

Page #312
dArzanika tArkika pAribhASika zabda-sUcI : 185 sapakSa-36, 37, 171, 179, 186 188, 201, 258 / 190,191, 195, 197, 252 / sAdhyAbhAsa-136, 143, 202, samavAya-64, 209 / / 229, 230, 240, 261 / samavAyi-17, 59, 108, 113, sAdhyasAdhanabhAva-9, 130, 187 / sAdhana-31, 34, 37, 72,77,78 118, 204, 206, 212 / 82, 83, 85, 87, 92, 93, sahacara-117, 138, 198, 202, 94, 101, 102, 119, 126, 208, 206, 211, 212,213 128, 129, 131, 132, 135 215, 218, 219 / 136, 139, 148, 149, 151 sarvajJatA-63 / 153, 156, 157, 158, 161 savikalpaka - 68 / 165, 176, 178, 179, 180 sAdhya--6, 11, 13, 30, 31, 34, 187, 188, 189, 207, 289 35, 37, 75, 77, 82, 87, 211, 215, 228, 229, 235 92, 63, 94, 101, 102, 236, 237, 140,250, 251, 112, 113, 115, 118, 119 253, 254, 255, 261 / 12', 124, 126, 128, 129 sAdhanAbhAsa-132, 136, 230, 131, 132, 134, 136, 137 231, 253, 261 / / 139, 143, 148, 149, 151 sAdharmyavyApti-156 / 153, 156, 157, 158,161 sAmAnyatodRSTa-8, 12, 14, 28, 165, 169, 170, 171, 172 108,109,111, 116, 117, 173, 176, 178, 179, 180 205 / 181, 184, 186, 181, 188 smaraNa-101, 103, 104, 121 189, 196, 199, 200,201, 122, 259 / 202, 203, 207, 219, 228 smRti-12, 30, 31, 68, 72, 73, 229, 235 237, 240 249, 74, 75, 76, 78, 98, 99, 250,252, 253, 258 260 / 100, 106, 125, 257 / sAdhyajJAna-62, 96, 113, 123, svArtha-31, 77, 78,79, 80, 81, 124, 129 / 110, 111, 112, 119, 122 saadhynishcy-92| 125 / sAdhyapratipati-119, 172 / svAryAnumAna-106, 109, 112, sAdhyAvinAbhAva-13, 75, 77, 82 119, 120, 121, 122, 124 83, 88, 92, 93, 94, 97, 125, 126, 128, 129, 167 121, 124, 165, 166, 183 187, 188, 263 /

Page #313
246 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra svaarthaanumaanaabhaas-253| 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, svanizcayArthAnumAna-109, 108 / 197, 198, 199,200,201, svasaMvedI-62, 68 / 202, 203, 204, 205,206, syAdvAdanyAya-91 / 207, 209, 215, 218,219, 227, 244, 242,245, 249, hetu-3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 15, 16, 250, 255, 256, 258, 259, 29, 31, 34, 38, 39, 71, 262 / 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 61, hetvAbhAsa-9, 10, 16, 30, 31, 92, 113, 118, 120, 122, 87, 88, 94, 113, 114, 123, 124, 128, 129,134, 116, 118, 119, 131, 174, 139, 155, 156, 157, 158, 192, 167, 202, 227, 231, 159, 160, 161, 162, 165, 232, 233, 234, 235, 238, 167, 168,171,173, 174, 239, 240,242, 243, 244, 175, 176, 182, 184, 186, / 245, 246,248, 249, 250, 187, 188,189, 190, 191, 251, 253, 261, 262 /

Page #314
pariziSTa-4 pramukha jainatarkagranthakAra aura unakI tarkakRtiyA~ gRddhapiccha tattvArthasUtra prakAzita (vi0 1-3 zatI) samantabhadra AptamImAMsA prakAzita (vi. saM. 2-3 zatI ) yuktyanuzAsana svayambhUsrotra jIvasiddhi pArzvanAthacarita meM vAdirAja dvArA ullikhita siddhasena sanmatitarka prakAzita ( vi. 4-5 vIM zatI ) kucha dvAtriMzatikAe~ prakAzita devanandi-pUjyapAda sArasaMgraha dhavalA-TIkAmeM ullikhita (vi, 6 vIM zatI) sarvArthasiddhi bhAratIya jJAnapITha,vArANasI zrIdatta jalpanirNaya tattvArthazlokavAtikameM ( vi. 6 vIM za.) vidyAnanda dvArA ullikhita sumati sanmatitarka-TIkA pArzvanAthacaritameM (vi. 6 vI za. ) vAdirAja dvArA ullikhita sumatisaptaka malliSeNa prazastimeM nirdiSTa ( inhIMkA nirdeza zAntarakSitake tattvasaMgrahameM 'sumatedigambarasya' ke rUpameM hai ) pAtrasvAmI (pAtra kezarI) trilakSaNakadarthana anantavIryAcArya dvArA siddhi(vi. 6 vIM) vinizcaya TIkAmeM ullikhita aura tattvasaMgrahameM zAnta rakSitadvArA Alocita vAdisiMha vAdirAjake pArzvanAthacarita (vi. 6-7 za.) aura jinasenake mahApurANameM smRta 1. yaha sUcI varNI granthamAlA dvArA prakAzita jaina darzana, mAratIya zAnapIThadvArA prakAzita jaina nyAya aura vIrasevAmandirase prakAzita AptaparokSAke AdhArase do gayI hai| 37

Page #315
288 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra akalaGkadeva laghIyastraya siMdhI jaina granthamAlA (vi. 7 vI.) (svavRttisahita ) akalaMka granthatrayake antargata nyAyavinizcaya (svavRttisa.) , pramANasaMgraha (svavRttisahita) siddhivinizcaya ( svopajJavRttisahita ) / bhAratIya jI bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI aSTazato (AptamImAMsAvRtti) gAMdhInAthAraMga jaina granthamAlA tattvArthavAttika sabhASya bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI haribhadra (vi. 8 vIM zatI) anekAntajayapatAkA gAyakabAr3a sIrija bar3audA anekAntavAdapraveza SaDdarzanasamuccaya AtmAnanda sabhA bhAvanagara zAstravArtAsamuccaya devacanda lAlabhAI sUrata nyAyapravezaTIkA gAyakabAr3a sIrija bar3audA kumArasena ( vi. 770) jinasenadvArA 'mahApurANameM aura vidyAnandadvArA aSTa sahasrImeM smRta siddhasena (nyAyAvatArakAra) nyAyAvatAra prakAzita ( vi. 8 vI za.) kucha dvAtriMzatikAeM kumAranandi vAdanyAya vidyAnandadvArA pramANa( vi. 8vIM za.) parIkSAmeM ullikhita vAdIbhasiMha syAdvAdasiddhi mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlAse ( vi. 8 vIM za.) prakAzita navapadArthanizcaya muDavidrI bhaNDAra anantavIrya ( vRddha ) siddhivinizcayaTIkA ravibhadrapAdopajIvi ananta( vi. 8-9 vI zatI) vIryadvArA siddhivinizciya TokAmeM nirdiSTa anantavIrya siddhivinizcayaTIkA bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI ravibhadrapAdopajIvi ( vi. 9 vIM zatI) 1. vizeSake lie dekhie, mere dvArA sampAdita aura mANikacandra granthamAlA dvArA prakAzita syAdAdasiddhiko prstaavnaa|

Page #316
pramukha jaina tarkaprandhakAra aura unakI takRtiyA~ : 289 vidyAnanda vidyAnandamahodaya tattvArthazlokavatikameM svayaM ( vi0 832-897 ) nirdiSTa tathA devasUri dvArA syAdvAdaralAkarameM uddhRta tattvArthazlokavArtika gAMdhI nAthAraMga granthamAlA aSTasahasrI ( AsamImAMsA- gAMdhI nAthAraMga granthamAlA aSTazatITokA) AptaparIA vIra sevA mandira, dillI, pramANaparIkSA sanAtana jaina granthamAlA patraparIkSA yuktyanuzAsanAlaMkAra mANikacandra granthamAlA ( yuktyanuzAsanaTokA ) satyazAsanaparIkSA bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI zrIpurapArzvanAthastotra vIra sevA mandira, dillI anantakoti jIvasiddhiTIkA vAdirAjake pArzvanAtha( vi. 10voM zatI ) caritameM ullikhita bRhatsarvajJasiddhi mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA laghusarvajJasiddhi devasena ( vi0 990) nayacakra : prAkRta ) prakAzita AlApapaddhati vasunandi (vi.10-11za.) AptamImAMsAvRtti sanAtana jaina granthamAlA kAzI mANikyanandira parIkSAmukha aneka sthAnoMse prakAzita (vi. saM. 1050-1110) somadeva syAdvAdopaniSad dAnapatrameM ullikhita, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR088 vAdirAja (vi0 1082) nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI pramANanirNaya mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA prabhAcandra prameyakamalamArtaNDa nirNayasAgara presa bambaI (vi.saM. 1067-1137) ( parIkSAmukhaTIkA ) nyAyakumudacandra mANaNikacandra jaina granthamAlA ( laghIyastraTIkA) 1. isakA vizeSa paricaya mere dvArA sampAdita aura vIrasevAmandira-dvArA prakAzita Apta parIkSAko prastAvanA dekheN| 2. vizeSake lie dekheM, AptaparIkSAko prstaavnaa|

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290 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra siddharSi (vi. 11vIM za.) nyAyAvatAravRtti rAyacandra zAstramAlA bambaI abhayadeva ( vi. 1067- sanmatitarkaTIkA gujarAta vidyApITha 1137) ahamadAbAda anantavIrya prameyaratnamAlA caukhambA saMskRta sIrija (vi0 12vIM zatI ) ( parIkSAmukhavRtti ) vArANasI zAntisUri (vi. 12vIM za.) nyAyAvatAravAtika savRtti siMdhI jaina granthamAlA bambaI devasUri __ pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra Aheta prabhAkara kAryAlaya (vi. 1143-1226 ) pUnA syAdvAdaratnAkara hemacandra pramANamImAMsA siMghI jaina granthamAlA bambaI (vi. 1145-1229) anyayogavyavaccheda- prakAzita dvAtriMzatikA vAdAnuzAsana anupalabdha vedAMkuza prakAzita bhAvasena vidya vizvatattvaprakAza jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, ( vi. 12-13 zatI ) solApura laghusamantabhadra aSTasahasrI-TippaNa prakAzita ( vi. 13 vIM za.) AzAdhara prameyaratnAkara AzAdhara prazastimeM ( vi. 13 vIM zatI ) ullikhita zAntiSaNa prameyaratnasAra jaina siddhAntabhavana ArA ( vi. 13 vIM zatI ) ( aprakAzita ) abhayadandra (vi. 13vIM za.) laghIyastrayatAtparyavRtti mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA ratnaprabhasUri syAdvAraratnAkarAvatArikA prakAzita (vi. 13 vIM zatI ) malliSeNa syAhAdamaMjarI rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA (vi. 14 vIM zatI) bambaI jinadeva kAruNyakalikA nyAyadIpikAmeM ullikhita dharmabhUSaNe (vi. 15vIM za.) nyAyadIpikA vIra sevA mandira, dillI ajitasena nyAyamaNidIpikA jaina siddhAntabhavana ArA (prameyaratnamAlATIkA ) ( aprakAzita ) 1. vizeSake lie dekhie, mere dvArA sampAdita aura vIrasevAmandira dillI-dvArA prakAzita 'nyAyadIpikA ko prstaavnaa|

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jaina tarkaprabhthakAra aura unakI tarkakRtiyA~ : 291 prameyakaNThikA pramukha zAntivarNI narendrasena' (vi. 1787 ) pramANaprameyakalikA cArukIrti (vi. 18vIMza.) prameyaratnAlaMkAra arthaprakAzikA saptabhaGgItaraGgiNI prameyaka malamArtaNDaTippaNa ( apUrNa ) yazovijaya (vi. 18vIMza.) aSTasahasrIvivaraNa anekAntavyavasthA jainatarkabhASA jJAna bindu nyAyakhaNDakhAdya anekAntapraveza nyAyAloka zAstravArtAsamuccayaTIkA gurutattvavinizcaya jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA ( aprakAzita ) mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA maisUra yUnirvAsaTI, maisUra aprakAzita prakAzita aprakAzita prakAzita siMghI jaina granthamAlA siMghI jaina granthamAlA prakAzita "" 11 11 11 1. vizeSake lie dekhie, bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANaso dvArA prakAzita mero pramANaprameyakalikAkI prastAvanA / 2. vizeSake lie dekhie, maisUra yUnivarsiTI dvArA prakAzita prameyaratnAlaMkArakI prastAvanA / 38

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grantha-saMketa sUcI akalaMkana hai akalaMkagranthatraya a0 gra0 aSTaza0-aSTazatI aSTasa0-aSTasahasrI AptamI0--AptamImAMsA u0 hR0-upAyahRdaya anuyo0 sU0-anuyogasUtra kiraNA0-kiraNAvalI go0 jI0-gommaTasAra jIvakANDa jai0 ta0 bhA0-taina tarkabhASA nyAyasU0-nyAyasUtra nyAyamaM0-nyAyamaMjarI nyAyara0-nyAyaratnAkara nyAyavA0 tA0-nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA nyAyAva0-nyAyAvatAra nyAyakusu0-nyAyakusumAMjali nyAyakumu0 nyAyakumudacandra nyA0 ku. nyA0 pra0 nyAyapraveza tarkasaM0 ) tarkasaMgraha ta0 saM0 takasaMgraha tattvasaM0-tattvasaMgraha nyAyapra0 nyA0 ko0-nyAyakoza nyAyaka-nyAyakalikA nyAyAva0 vA-nyAyAvatAravAtikavRtti ta0 bhA0 ) tarkabhASA nyA0 dI0) nyAyadIpikA tarkabhA0 ta0 vA0 ) ... tattvArthavA. tattvArthavArtika nyAyadI0 nyAyaniva0 pra0-nyAyanibandhaprakAza nyA0 vA0 tA0 pari-nyAyavArtika ,, tAtparyaparizuddhi 50 mu0 / parIkSAmukha ta0 ci0-tattvacintAmaNi ta0 zA0-tarkazAstra ta0 sU0-tattvArthasUtra ta0 vR0-tattvArthavRtti ta0 zlo0 manokArtika ta0 bhA0-tattvArthAdhigamabhASya dazavai0 ni0-dazavakAlikaniyukti nyAyavi0 hai nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa nyAyabi0 jinda tattvArthazlo. tattvArthazlokavAtika parIkSAmu0 pramANaprameyaka0-pramANaprameyakalikA pra. maM0-pramANamaMjarI pra0ni0-pramANanirNaya pramANasaM0-pramANasaMgraha prazasta0 bhA0] prazastapAdabhASya pra0 bhA0 pra0 vA0-pramANavArtika nyA. bi. nyAyabindu pra0 pa0 / pramANaparIkSA nyAyavA0-nyAyavAttika nyAyabhA0-nyAyabhASya pramANapa0 prameyaka0 mA0-prameyakamalamArtaNDa

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prantha-saMketa sUcI : 296 pra.na.taM. pramAnayatattvAloka sAM0 kA-sAMkhyakArikA pramANanayasattvAlokAlaMkAra sAM0 mA0-sAMkhyadarzanabhASya prameyara0 mA0-prameyaratnamAlA sAM0 ta0 ko0-sAMkyatatvakaumuda pra0 mI0-pramANamImAMsA zAstradI0-zAstradIpikA prameyaratnA0-prameyaratnAlaMkAra pakhaNDA0-SaTkhaNDAgama bha0 sU0-bhagavatI sUtra sa0 si.-sarvArthasiddhi pa0pa0) patraparIkSA si0 vi0-siddhivinizcaya patrapa0 / siddhivi0 TI-siddhivinizcathaTIkA mI0 zlo0 vA0-mImAMsAzlokavArtika svayambhU0-svayambhUstotra mo0 da0-mImAMsAdarzana syAdvAdara0-sthAdAdaratnAkara mUlasu0-malasuttANi sthA0 si0-syAhAdasiddhi yu0 dI0 yuktivApikA si0 mu0-siddhAntamuktAvalI yuktyanu0-yuktyanuzAsana sthAnAMgasU0-sthAnAMgasUtra vaize0 da0-vaizeSikadarzana sarvada0 saM0-sarvadarzanasaMgraha vaizeSikasUtro0 kasopaskAra hetubi0-hetubindu vaize0 usa0 ) hetubi0 To0-hetubinduTokA vedAntasA0-vedAntasAra jJAnabi0-jJAnabinduprakaraNa yuktidI0) yaktidIpikA

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azuddha pAtralvAmI nyAyamASya ....'mudAhaNe..... upalabadhi miMgaparAmarza caturlakSiNa he vyavayana' sAgopAMga antarmUta ..... samAnAdhikaraNya... prabhAbita upAyahRdaya vizeSatathA prayANa dharmakIti nyAyAbindu tarkazAsva snAnAMga bhUSaNa zezavat abhibhinodha jAnA patipAdita svarthA ho pratyakSaviruddha nyAna- saMzodhana zuddha pAtrasvAmI nyAyabhASya mudAharaNe upalabdhi liMgaparAmarza caturlakSaNa hetu vyavayava" sAMgopAMga antarbhUta samAnAdhikaraNa prabhAvita upAyahRdayameM vizeSatayA pramANa dharmakIrti nyAyabindu tarkazAstra sthAnAMga dharmabhUSaNa zeSavat abhinibodha jAna pratipAdita svArthA hI pratyakSaviruddha nyAya- pR0 8 11 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 16 17 19 20 21 21 21 21 23 23 24 29 30 2 40 43 44 44 46 50 paMkti 8 3 22 18 13 15 6 14 6 12 26 15 5 10 12 24 24 9 13 24 1 18 18 19 24 26 15 7.

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saMzodhana : 295 Azrayasiddha padArthoM prayANoM 70 kahalAhA baudha .."tArada gamayasi paryAyayakamAranandi nyAyaprabezakAraka sAmahita AzrayAsiddha padArthoM meM pramANoM kahalAtA bodha ..."tarida gamayati paryAyakumAranandi nyAyapravezakArako taraha samAhita ( hetu) 251 vRkSakI 100 vRkSakA sakatA ani liMganarzanAt avadhANAtmaka padorthoM ..."kevala pAMca (pratyabhijJAna abhAzAMza tathta hai ghaTarahitA pratIyaye svArthAnamAna vitRta sakatI agni liMgadarzanAt avadhAraNAtmaka padArthoM ... kevala ina pAMca ( pratyabhijJAna) abhAvAMza tathya yaha hai ghaTarahitatA pratIyate svArthAnumAna vistRta 103 10 104 104 112 paha yaha 115 120 nyAnapraveza 120 prazastapAdane pramANa'""kArane siddhasenane 1 nyAya pravezaprazastapAdane pramANa'""kArane siddhasenane dUsarI svarUpa 120 dUsarI svarUpa 123

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296 : jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra azuddha padArtha vivakSA vikalpasiddhi vartamAna hotA yA anumAna Ardrandhana - 11 niyabhe ...bhadAt vedAtinyoM-- ... darzada-- .....darzana - nyAyA .....nubhaya mImAMsakAdi 'cintA UhA vijjai SaTTakha 0 sarvaprathama vyApti - ...evaM spaSTatayA nyAyabA - udayane kie zAntarakSitane ullekha dAzinikoM vidyAnandane virodhI" sAkSAt nyAyavidIritAH 30 ( vAM pharmA ) vyabhicArA gRha silA sijama amumAna vArANI siddha bAdhita zuddha parArtha vivakSA vikalpa siddha vartamAna honA yA Agamagamya honA Ardrendhana - niyame bhedAt vedAntiyoM darzana darzana nyAya ..... numIyate mImAMsakAdi 'cintA' 'Uha / ' vijjai' paTkha 0 savaprathama evaM spaSTatayA vyApti grAhaka nyAyavA udayanane lie zAnta raute ke ullekha: dArzanikoM vidyAnandane so kSAta virodhI nyAyavidIritAH 31 ( vA pharmA ) vyabhicArAgraha silAjijma anumAna vArANasI siddha bAdhita prAkkathana prastuta kRti 11 viSaya-sUcI pR0 paMkti 125 16 126 28. 127 17 128 11 134 138 138 136 140 141 142 142 145 153 153 153 153 154 196 207 5 2 30 9 31 16 18 5 19 12 154 23 155 16 176 16 194 15 30 5 13 13 23 30 12 215 25 228 16 241 33 260 25 10 10 21 12 11 4

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pramANaparIkSAgata hetubheda-pradarzaka saMzodhita citra hetu vidhi sAdhana niSedha sAdhana vidhi sAdhaka vi0 sAdhana pratiSedhasAdhaka vi. sA. vidhisAdhaka niSedhasAdhana ( bhUtabhUta ) = 6 ( abhUtabhUta ) =22 ( bhUta abhuta ) = 4 pratipedhasAdhaka niSedha sAdhana ( abhUta abhUta ) =6 kArya. kAraNa0 akAryakAraNa viruddha kAryAnu0 vi. kAraNAnu0 vi. svabhAvAnu0 vi. sahacarAnu vyApya0 sahacara0 pUrvacara0 uttaracara0 viruddha kArya, viruddha kAraNa viruddhAkAryakAraNa viruddha vyApya0 viruddha sahacara viruddha pUrva0 viru0 uttara0 saMzodhana : 297 aviruddhakAryAnu0 a0 kAraNAnu. a. vyApakAnu0 a. saha0 a0 parva. a. uttara0 vidhisAdhaka vidhi sAdhana = 6 pratiSedha sAdhaka vidhi sAdhana = 22 vidhisAdhaka niSedha sAdhana = 4 pratiSedha sAdhaka niSedha sAdhana =6 /

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