Granth Ane Granthkar Pustak 10

Author(s): Dhirubhai Premshankar Thakar, Indravadan Kashinath Dave
Publisher: Gujarat Varnacular Society
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032069/1

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graMtha ane graMtha kAra [pustaka 10 muM] I. sa. 1942 thI 1950 saMpAdake dhIrubhAI premazaMkara ThAkara indravadana kAzInAtha dave adhyApake, gujarAta koleja, amadAvAda gujarAta vidyAsabhA : amadAvAda

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jeThAlAla chavalAla mALa, sahAyaka maMtrI, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, bhadra, amadAvAda AvRtti 1 lI * prata 2250 I. sa. 15ra vi. saM. 2008 rIta che. cAra maNilAla pu. mistrI A di tya mudraNa laca rAyakhaDa ...... amadAvAda

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nivedana sane 1930 sudhImAM graMtha ane graMthakAra'nA ATha bhAga prasiddha thayA pachI 1942mAM navamA bhAga prasiddha karavAmAM AvyA hatA. A pachI dasamA bhAganuM kAma paNa hAtha dharavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, paNa e taiyAra thatAM keTalAka vilaMba thayA. A kAma vyavasthita rIte hAtha dharAI samayasara prasiddha thAya e mATe graMthanA saMpAdananuM kAma prA. dhIrubhAI ThAkarane soMpavAmAM AvyuM. emaNe bhAre jahemata uThAvI kAryanA AraMbha karyAM. vigata temaja videha tathA vidyamAna lekhakeAnI caritraviSayaka mAhitI meLavavAnuM kAma AraMbhyuM, jemAM keTalAka samaya gayA. te chellAM traNeka varSathI mudraNukA paNa zarU karI zakAyuM. A kAma vadhu jhaDapathI thAya e mATe emaNe pre. indravadana davenI madada lIdhI. e beu bhAIoe sArA zrama lai A dasamA graMtha A svarUpamAM taiyAra karI ApyA che. emaNe emanI prastAvanAmAM graMtha ane gra'thakAra'nA bhaviSyanA graMthAnI yAjanA vicArI che temAMnAM e aMgAnA ja amala A graMthamAM thai zakayA che. A kAma uttarAttara cAlu ja rahevAnu` hAI e yAjanAnAM cAre aMgAthI bhaviSyanA bhAga samRddha banI zakaze evI amane zraddhA che. A prakAranA graMthanI upayeAgitA vize be mata nathI. gujarAtI sAhityanA vikAsamAM vividha prakAranA phALA ApanArA lekhA--videha ke vidyamAna--tuM gujarAtI sAhityanA sarvAMgINa itihAsamAM kayA prakAranuM sthAna che e AvA caritragraMthAthI ja samajI zakAya. AvA zubha uddeze A saMsthAnA bhUtapUrva sahAyaka maMtrI sva. zrI. hIrAlAla pArekhe A graMthamALAnA AraMbha karI dareka varSe eka eka graMtha prasiddha karI Tha graMtha bahAra pADayA hatA. A pachI paMdara varSanA gALAmAM e navA bhAga bahAra paDe che. gALA vadhu lAMmA che, paNa tethI navamA bhAgamAM pAMca

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varSanI sAhitya-samIkSA ApI zakAI hatI te A dasamA bhAgamAM dasa varSanI sAhitya-samIkSA ApI zakAI che. ane e rIte sva. hIrAlAlanA uddezanI paNa pUti thatI rahI che. A graMthamALAnuM bhaviSya mATe dizA ane mArganuM sUcana A pustakanA saMpAdakee karyuM che te prakAzaka saMsthA eTale gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA saMcAlake have pachInA graMtha bahAra pADavA mATe lakSamAM rAkhe e ISTa che. baMne vidvAnoe A dasamA bhAga pAchaLa lIdhelA zramane mATe AbhAranI lAgaNI vyakta karatAM AnaMda thAya che. vidyAbahena 2. nIlakaMTha bhadra, amadAvAda che mAnA maMtrI, tA. 21-8-5ra gujarAta vidyAsabhA

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prastAvanA graMtha ane graMthakAra'nA mULa yAjaka sva. hIrAlAla tri. pArekhe ene dareka bhAga dara varSe taiyAra karIne bahAra pADavAno niyama rAkhe hato. paNa temanA avasAna bAda e niyama jaLavAI zakyo nahi. I. sa. 1936mAM AThamo bhAga bahAra paDavo te pachI navamo ATha varSe pragaTa thayo hato. ane navamA pachI saMjogavazAta bIjAM ATha varSe A dasamo bhAga prasiddha thavA pAme che. paNa tethI A pustakamALAnA mULa udezane bhAgye ja hAni pahoMcI che. kharuM jotAM, have "graMtha ane graMthakAra'nA vArSika prakAzanane hetu rahyo nathI. kAraNa, moTA bhAganA graMthakAronI paricayarekhA pahelA ATha bhAgamAM aMkita thaI cUkI che. ane vArSika sAhitya-samIkSAnuM kAma te gujarAta sAhitya sabhA dvArA cAle che ja. eTale ATha dasa varSe bahAra paDatA rahetA "graMtha ane graMthakAra'mAM bAkI rahelA lekhakone paricaya ane daseka varSanA gALAnA sAhityanA pravAhanuM avalokana AvatAM rahe te kAma bevaDAyA vinA udiSTa sAhityopakAratA tenAthI sadhAtI rahe. graMthakAra-paricaya ane sAhitya-samIkSA A graMthamALAnAM kAyamI aMga che. te uparAMta, emAM vitelA vakhata daramyAna pragaTa thayelAM pustakanI vargIkRta yAdI, navalakathA jevA sAhitya-svarUpa vize ke amuka gALAnI kavitA vize vivecanalekha, athavA mudraNakaLA ke prapharIDiMga jevA viSaya para mAhitI ApatA lekha jevI prakIrNa sAmagrI vakhatevakhata pragaTa thatI rahI che. A prakAranI sAmagrIne kazI lejanA vagara yadakyA rajU karavAne bale tene anulakSIne "graMtha ane graMthakAra'nAM cokkasa aMge nakkI karI devAthI pustakanI AkRti baMdhAya ane tenI abhyAse pagitA paNuM vadhe e khyAlathI ame A pustakanuM kAma zarU karatAM pahelAM tenI nIce mujaba vibhAga-rejanA vicArI hatIH (1) vahI gayelA gALAnA vADmayanA pravAhanuM vihaMgAvalokana; (2) videha tathA vidyamAna graMthakArone sAhityalakSI paricaya: (3) kai be (ke traNa) ziSTa gujarAtI graMthakArenuM

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sarvagrAhI adhyayana; (4) koI eka sAhityaprakAranA vikAsa ne svarUpavidhAnanuM nirUpaNa ane (5) vItelAM varSonI pratinidhirUpa sAhityakRtiono TUMke rasalakSI paricaya. A yojanAnusAra vibhAga (3) ane (4) mATe anukrame narasiMha-bhAla tathA caritranA sAhityaprakAra vize vistRta lekhe mUkavAnuM nakkI karyuM hatuM ane tenuM moTA bhAganuM lakhANa taiyAra paNa thayuM hatuM. paNa pRSa-saMkhyAnI maryAdAne kAraNe tenAM pahelAM be aMge je agAunI mAphaka ahIM sthAna pAmI zakaLyAM ne bAkInuM lakhANa laTakatuM rahyuM ! have pachInAM pustakamAM saMthakAra-paricayane-khAsa karIne videhana-vibhAga Trake thaze. eTale ahIM ullekhela pejanAno temAM samAveza karavAno prayatna thaze te gujarAtI sAhityanA A abhyAsagraMthamAM be mahattvanAM aMga umeryA gaNI. vItelA dasakAnA vAyumaya para daSTipAta karavAmAM kRti ke kartAnA karatAM sAhityanA pravAha ane prakAra para vizeSa najara rAkhI che. temAM ullekhelAM nAmane kevaLa dRSTAnta ke namUnA tarIke ja gaNavAnAM che. temane Apela pUrvApara krama guNavattAsUcaka nathI. "keLavaNI" pachI AvatA viSayonA avalokanamAM vistAra bhaye mukhya mukhya kRtione nirdeza karIne ja saMtoSa mAnavo paDe che; ane temAM ya azeSa yAdI ApyAne dA nathI. graMthakAra-caritAvaline aMge vidyamAna lekhakenI pasaMdagI karavAmAM temanI sAhityakAra tarIkenI yegyatA uparAMta vayane paNa lakSamAM rAkhela che. Aja sudhImAM sthAna na pAmelA vayovRddha lekhakone pahelAM samAvI levAnI dRSTi rAkhI hovAthI yogyatA hovA chatAM AjanI juvAna lekhaka peDhImAMthI keTalAkane paricaya pachInA pustaka mATe mulatavI rAkha paDyo che. emAMnA ghaNAnI pravRtti haju cAlu che. te kALakrame maherIne cakkasa AkAra dhAraNa kare te pachI AkaragraMthamAM noMdhAya te abhyAsIone vizeSa lAbha thAya e dekhItuM che. "graMtha ane graMthakAra'nA pahelA ATha bhAgamAM vidyamAne paikI aneka evA lekhake sthAna pAmyA che, jemanA paricaya chapAyA bAda ja emanI pravRtti kharekharI vikasI che. evA lekhake have pachInA graMthamAM navesara paricaya apAya te ja e vibhAganI upamitA sadhAya. navamA bhAga sudhImAM samAveza nahi pAmelA badhA ja pratiSThita videha graMthakArone A bhAgamAM samAvI levAne IrAde hato. paNa haju ya thoDAka bAkI rahI gayA che. -

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pratyeka lekhaka vize bane teTalI zuddha ne saMpUrNa mAhitI ApavAnA 1 AzayathI temane vize lakhAyelAM pustakomAMthI temaja jANakAra vyaktio ra pAsethI pramANabhUta vigato ekaThI karIne ahIM upayogamAM lIdhI che. tema chatAM kaI sthaLe mAhitInI apUrNatA ke hakIkatadoSa rahI javA pAmyAM hoya e asaMbhavita nathI. vidyamAna graMthakAro vizenuM ghaNuM kharuM lakhANa be varSa pahelAM chapAI gayeluM hovAthI* ghaNunI I. sa. 1950 pachInI pravRttine ahevAla mUkI zakAyo nathI. A kAryane aMge keTalAka lekhakee, vAraMvAra yAda devaDAvyA chatAM, mAhitI pUrI pADI nathI; paNa moTA bhAganAe vigate bharIne mAhitIpatra vinA vilaMbe mokalI Apyo te badala temane AbhAra mAna joIe. 1941 thI 50 sudhInI vADmaya-pravRttine kyAsa kADhavA mATe joItI vigato meLavavAmAM gujarAta sAhitya sabhA taraphathI chellAM dasa varSamAM prasiddha thayelI kAryavAhIone upayoga karavo paDayo che. Ane aMge ame ahIM je te samIkSakenuM RNa kRtajJabhAve svIkArIe chIe. zrI. hiMmatalAla gaNezajI aMjAriyA, zrI. durgAzaMkara ke. zAstrI, paM. zrI. becaradAsa dezI, zrI. zaMkaralAla ThA. parIkha, zrI. naTavaralAla I. desAI, zrI. bacubhAI rAvata, zrI. jayazaMkara suMdarI), zrI. ThAkaralAla zrIpatarAya ThAkara ane zrI. manubhAI jodhANIe paNa keTalAka vidyamAna temaja videha sAkSara vize joItI mAhitI meLavavAmAM UlaTapaNe sahAya karIne amane temanA RNI banAvyA che. aneka gujarAtI sAkSane 'mAnasika saMparka sAdhavAnI taka ApavA badala gujarAta vidyAsabhAne, ane bamavAnI anukULa vyavasthA karI ApavA badala Aditya mudraNAlayanA saMcAlaka zrI. maNilAla mistrIne paNa ame hRdayapUrvaka AbhAra mAnIe chIe. gujarAta koleja, amadAvAda ) dhIrubhAI ThAkara dIvAsa, saM. 2008 I Indravadana have * zrI. puttama jogIbhAI bhaTTane paricaya pAyo te pachI theDe ja vakhate temanuM avasAna thayuM che, tenI ahIM sakheda nedha levI paDe che.

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5. 1-100 27 44 45 48 51 53 paA a nu krama Ni kA vibhAga pahelo , thayA dAyakAnA vamaya para daSTipAta. 1 kavitA . 2 nATaka 3 navalakathA 4 navalikA 5 caritra 6 patrasAhitya ( 7 nibaMdha ane vyAkhyAne 8 hAsyasAhitya pravAsa 10 vivecana 11 saMzodhana-saMpAdana 12 saMskRti-ciMtana - 13 ItihAsa 14 samAjavidyA 15 keLavaNuM 16 zabdakoSa 17 vijJAna 18 bAlasAhitya 19 prakIrNa 20 bhASAMtara-rUpAMtara virAga bIjo viraha graMthakAranI pavitAvali - 1 IcchArAma sUryarAma desAI 2 uttamalAla kezavalAla trivedI 3 eNlekajhAMDara kinloka phorbsa 4 kezavalAla motIlAla parIkha 5 kezavalAla harirAma bhaTTa 82 85 88 -112

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huM khuzAlarAya sArAbhAI chagApALarAva hari dezamukha 8 jhaverIlAla umiyAzakara yAnika J 9 dalapatarAma DAhyAbhAI kavi 10. durgArAma machArAma dave 11 nRsiMhadAsa bhagavAnadAsa vibhAkara 12 prANazaMkara premaza kara bhaTTa 13 maganalAla narAttamadAsa paTela 14 maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedI 15 maNizaMkara jaTAzaMkara kIkANI 16 veNIlAla chaganalAla sUca 17 vaikuMThalAla zrIpatarAya ThAkAra 18 19 20 21 vibhAga trIjo 5. zyAmajI kRSNe varmA sau. sumati lallubhAI surasi'hajI takhtasiMhajI gAhela (kalApI) harajIvana sAmaiyA . vidhamAna graMthakArAnI caritAli 1 aMbelAla karazanajI vazI ra 3 4 kanaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara ve 5 kAntilAla baLadevadAsa vyAsa gApALarAva gajAnana viAMsa gAviMdabhAI rAmabhAI amIna Indravadana umiyAzakara vasAvaDA IzvarabhAI meAtIbhAI paTela ( peTalIkara ) ha 8. cimanalAla maganalAla``DaoNkTara huM cunIlAsa kALidAsa maDiyA 10. jaTAzakara IzvaracaMdra nAndI 11 12 durgaMCza tuLajAzaMkara zukala jayaMtIlAla maphatalAla AcAya * * * * 58 }} 71 73 st 88 ra 94 90 11 103 110 1-104 pa 9 1ra 14 17 19 1 3. 24 23 ra

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34 50 53 57 13 dhanajIbhAI phakIrabhAI 14 narabhezaMkara prANajIvana dave (kAThiyAvADI " 15 narasiMhabhAI mULajIbhAI zAha 16 nAthAlAla bhANajI dave 17 pannAlAla nhAnAlAla paTela 18 puruSottama jogIbhAI bhaTTa 19 pUjAlAla raNachoDadAsa dalavADI 20 prahUlAda caMdrazekhara dIvAna che 21 premazaMkara harilAla bhaTTa 22 phirojha kAvasajI dAvarI 23 bAlAbhAI vIracaMda desAI (jayabhikhu) maganabhAI bhUdharabhAI paTela (patIla) 25 maganalAla lAlabhAI desAI (kelaka) 26 manasukhalAla maganalAla jhaverI 27 manubhAI rAjArAma paMcaLI (darzaka) 28 mAdhavajI bhImajIbhAI macchara 29 yazavaMtarAya gulAbabhAI nAyaka ratilAla nAnAbhAI tannA ( zAradAprasAda varmA) 31 ravizaMkara mahAzaMkara joSI 32 zAMtilAla somezvara ThAkara 33 paMDita zrI. sukhalAlajI saMghajI saMghavI 34 harinArAyaNa giradharalAla AcAI . puravaNI 35 kRSNaprasAda lallubhAI bhaTTa 36 munizrI puNyavijayajI 37 zivazaMkara prANazaMkara zukala saMthakAranI sUSi 74 * ; 81 89 95-104 98 - 102

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vibhAga pahelA pUNa pazi atha 1 15 ra ' ' 1 11 27 13 26 25 2 25 27 30 14 31 29 31 31 44 10 40 26 4. 13 59 63 64 ot 78 ra re 1 l}} 7. ja 12 4 23 22 13 vibhAga jo 7 11 22 ghAtaka ekatALIsa thI tyAre paraMtuM arthadhaTanAne avadhanatAne ':AkramaNa zArIrika, sAhase AkramaNeA, zArIrika sAhasA UMcI kalAnA abhAvane kAraNe sAhityaprakAromAM. rahevI joi e. E thayA kare A kAraNe sAhityaprakArAmAM rahevuM je e. thayAM kare sAthI sAmya emanuM mImAMcakA emaNa vistarala thayelI mudraNamuddhi tena ale R dhora ekatAlIsathI tyAre, thayeluM te te badale sAmAbhAI. banAvI rahyAnuM vizADmaya banAvI rahyAnu je jaNAyuM sAmabhAi tenu viSAdamaya ' 1810mAM paranuM mya emanI mAmAMskrA emaNe vistarela * F paNa 1910mAM

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ra 23 17 muMbaI prAMtanI 1843nA muMbaIprAMtanI sanadInekarImAM joDAvA sAru 1843 nA 25 8 1810mAM 1850 mAM ' 46 nIcethI 3 cAlatI cAlatI. 56 kRti naM.8aulika prIka nATaka parathI sUcita IgrIkanATaka parathI sUcita ] maulika 106 9 karavAne karavAnI 106 19 hayuM. hatuM. 111 23 gharamAM tharamAM 111 24 pAme pAmI 112 nIcethI 5 kAryavAhImAM ' , . kAryavAhImAM vibhAga trIjo 36 6 dIvALIbhAI dIvALIbAI 38 jeTalI sanamatazaka sanamazataka 47 chelethI bIjI (zrI suMdarama) (zrI. manasukhalAla jhaverI) - 7. premabhakta kavi jayadeva 1947 1945 68 chellI sAhityasabhAnAM vAsmo sAhityasabhAnAM graMthastha vAkyo 82 11 jIvanadarzana, "kAvyAMganA', "jIvana darzana' tathA kAvyAMganA" puravaNI 93 16 pakSIpAlananAM pakSI-pAlanamAM 94 23 jJAnaMDAra jJAna bhaMDAra 104 10 mImAMsA mImAMsA 104 che. gujarAtanI nadIo niMdhikAe che. gujarAtanI loka mAtAe nibaMdhikAe 129 graMthakAranI kamasaMkhyA 453 pachI umere 453 ja zivazaMkara prANazaMkara zukala pu. 10, pR. 102 1** 14

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gayA dAyakAnA vAlmaya para daSTipAta [ 1941 thI 1950 ] kALane pravAha kadI thaMbhyo sAMbhaLyo che? sarjaka ke vivecaka, itihAsakAra ke rAjapuruSa, vijJAnI ke saMta, kaIne kahyuM e aTakato nathI. jIvananI mAphaka sAhitya paNa kALasAgaramAM anivAryapaNe taNAIne buddabuda, taraMga ke pravAharUpa vividha vivarte dhAraNa karatAM karatAM uparataLe thayAM kare che. anitya, asatya, kSudra ane sattvahIna saghaLuM enA vegamAM kheMcAIne - hatuM na hatuM thaI jAya che; sAcuM sattvazIla sAhitya ja samayanA vaheNamAM TakI zake che. kALa bhagavAnane parIkSakone parIkSaka kahevAmAM Ave che te Ane lIdhe. paNa ene artha ema nahi ke itihAsakAra yA vivecaka kALa bhagavAnane cukAdo Ave tyAM sudhI niSkriya besI rahe. manuSya jIvananA puruSArthanI kImata eka bAju samaya kADhe che te bIjI bAjue manuSya pite paNa kADhate rahe che. samakAlIna sAhityanuM vivecana e manuSyasamAjanI AvI AtmanirIkSaNanI pravRtti paNa che. e kArya bIjI rIte game teTaluM apUrNa yA khAmIbhareluM hoya, paNa vikAsavAMchu samAjanI AMtara jAgRtinuM e ghAtaka che, temAM zaMkA nathI. eka rIte kALanI sAthe sAthe-ane kavacita tenI sAme paNa-TakI rahevAnI manuSyanI doDanuM mApa kADhanAra jIvanavegane ja e eka prakArano AvirbhAva che. vartamAnanAM caMcaLa vaheNane avalakavAmAM aneka aMtarAya rahelA che. tenuM svarUpa avikRta nathI hotuM, gati nizcita nathI hotI tema mUlya paNa ghaNIvAra palaTAtAM rahe che. eTale be cAra te zuM paNa daseka varSanA gALAnA sAhityanuM ati sAvadhapaNe kareluM avalokana paNa pAchaLathI pUrepUruM yathArtha na nIvaDe e pUro saMbhava che. avalokanAthe svIkArela samayapaTa pUrvApara paTTIothI chUTai paDele nathI hoto. bhUtakALanA vistAra rUpe ja vartamAna vahete heya che. eTale vahetAM pANIthI ThIka aMtare UbhA rahIne bhUta ane bhAvinA anulakSamAM vartamAnane nihALavAne prayatna graM. 1

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu0 10 karavA te kharekhara duTa kAma che. vaLI ekAda dAyakAmAM jIvana ke sAhityanA pravAha sAva palaTAi jAya evA niyama nathI; prajAnA jIvana para mUlagAmI asara karanAra aitihAsika khaLAnuM Avana eTalA gALAmAM pUru thaI jAya ema humeza banatuM nathI; tema lekhAnA sana-samaya eTalAmAM samApta thaI jAya che ema paNa kahI zakAze nahi. tema chatAM dezanAM rAjakIya ane Arthika saMcalaneA, sAmAjika parivartanA ane sAhityika paribaLAnI saphaLatA niSphaLatAnA jhINA AMka nahi te spaSTa aDasaTTo kADhI Ape eTalI sAmagrI teA eka dAyakAnAM jIvana-sAhityamAMthI jarUra maLI rahe. ogaNIsase ekatALIsa thI pacAsa sudhIneA dasakeA AgalA kAi paNa dasakA karatAM A bAbatamAM vizeSa samRddha che. AjanA ' kSaNe kSaNe navatA dhAraNa karatA ApaNA bharacaka ane karuNagherA prajAjIvananA paTa parathI e sAmagrI ane teNe pADelA nAnAmeTA saMskAra bhuMsAI javA pAme te pahelAM tenu' sAhityakSetre thayelu' saMcalana neAMdhI levuM ghaNuM jarUranuM che. sAhityanA kaDIbaddha itihAsa racatI vakhate ane sAhitya-vivecananAM dhAraNAne sthira karatI vakhate A prakAranAM avalAkanA pAye! pUravAnI garaja sAre che e samajathI chellA dAyakAnA gujarAtI vADmaya para daSTipAta karavAne ahIM prayatna karyo che. aitihAsika ghaTanAoH tenI sAhitya para asara A dAyakAnI zarUAtamAM bIju vizvayuddha dhAra tAMDava macAvatuM tenI parAkASThAe pahoMcyuM. samagra vizvamAM yuddhusara jAmanA utpAdana ane yuddha mATenI pravRttio upara ja mukhya lakSa apAyuM. bhaya, thAka, nirAzA, vijayane kaipha, svArthI, krUratA, saMhAra ane zAsananI vRttionuM jhera laDatI sattAmAM UMDu phelAyuM. bhArata tenAthI aspRSTa rahI zakyu' nahi. te gulAma hatuM. tenA upara rAjya karatI prajA yuddha khelatI hatI eTale yuddhanI sa` asaro tenA rAMgaNe yuddha nahi khelAyuM hAvA chatAM tenA para paDI. tene mAnava, artha, udyogA ane jIvaneApayegI sAmagrIne bhAga zAsaka prA mATe anicchAe paNa ApavA paDyo. pariNAme rezaniMga, meAMdhavArI, gADIbhIDa, niyaMtraNA tene jovAM paDayAM. vaLI yuddha baMgALanI pUrva kSitije AvI pahoMcyuM tethI tene vimAnI humalAnI cetavaNI, aMdhArapaTa vagere paNa anubhavavAM paDavAM. eka khAjUthI A garIba prajA moMdhavArI ane Arthika bhIMsamAM temaja bhaNakArA ApatI yuddha-AphatanA bhayamAM sapaDAI gaI,

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para daSTipAta tyAre bIjI bAjuthI nANAMne jhugAvA vadhatA ja cADhyA. mUDIvALAo, udyogapatio, nAnAmeATA vepArIe ane amaladArAe A tarkanA meATA lAbha uThAvI kALAM bajAra, naphAkhorI, lAMcarUzvata ane vilAsavaibhave anahada vadhArI mUkayAM. pariNAme, vizvayuddhanI jema bhAratanI prajAne jIvanasaMgrAma paNa karuNa ane bhISaNa banyA. niyaMtraNane kAraNe kAgaLanI achata UbhI thavAthI graMthaprakAzananI pravRttimAM avareAdha AvyeA. medhavArIe pustakAnAM mUlyA vadhArI mUkayAM; kharIdanArA echA thayA. keTalAya upayeAgI lekhA, mahattvanI sanaskRtie ane noMdhapAtra sa`zeAdhaneA-saMpAdanA tenA racanAranI peTImAM apragaTa paDyAM rahyAM. i. sa. 1945 sudhI prakAzanamaryAdAnI A sthiti cAlu rahI. yuddhanI saMhAralIlA ane teNe palaTAvelI jIvanasthitine keTalAka sakAe peAtAnA kavanaviSaya banAvyeA. preA, ThAkAra, kavi nhAnAlAla, 'sneharazmi', ' su'daram', umAza'kara, manasukhalAla, mANeka, 'upavAsI', 'svastha' Adi kavioe ane ramaNalAla, meghANI, cu. va. zAha, jayaMtI dalAla gAvidabhAI amIna, nIru desAI Adi vArtAkArAe kAi kAi kRtiomAM tenA oLA pADyA. paNa marAThI ke baMgALI sAhityamAM yuddhanA ane tenI jIvaleNu asaranA jeTalA paDadhA saMbhaLAya teTalA ApaNA sAhityamAM sabhaLAtA jaNAyA nathI. vizvayuddhanA chellA tabakkAmAM '42nI 'hiMda cheDA 'nI laData bhAratanA itihAsa mATe yuddhathI ya vadhu prabhAvaka AMdolana banI rahI. haDatAlA, bhAMgaphoDanA banAvA, Aga, hiMsA, bhUgapravrutti, asahakAra, jelagamana, zahIdI vagere, gAMdhIjI ane anya netAe jela jatAM, dezamAM theADeAka samaya pravatI rahyAM; muktisa MgrAmanA aneka sainikA apaMga thayA, rAvihIna rahyA; rAtripharamAtA, dharapakaDA ane gALIbArAnI paraparA cAlI. sarakAranI damananIti ane asahakArIonI sahanavRttie mAjhA mUkI. paNa Amama? '20 ane '30nAM muktisa`grAma veLA ApaNI samagra prajA ane sAhityakAromAM je zraddhA, niSThA, utsAha ane bhabyAdAtta bhAvanAenAM pUra UmaTelAM te A vakhate krama jaNAyAM nahi? mAtra gheADAka javAnA, vidyAthIe ane keTalAka pIDha kAryakareAe ja emAM kema sakriya rasa batAvyeA ? bAkInA bIjA badhA-lekhakreA, vakIlA, majUrA, kheDUtA, kArIgarA, sarakArI amaladAro, vepArIo, zikSakA vagere-mUka sAkSI banIne kema besI rahyA? zuM enuM

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graMtha ane graMthakAra : 10 kAraNa AgalAM be adilane mAMthI sAMpaDelI nirAzA hatuM ? vizvayudhdha sajelI Arthika bhIMsane kAraNe prajAnuM jIvana viSama banyuM tethI ema banavA pAmyuM haze? ke pachI A laDatane ja lekhaka ane leke saMzayabhAvathI jatA hatA? kAraNa game te he, paNa AgalA svAtaMtryasaMgrAme jeTalA pramANamAM prajAnA aMtarane sakriya utsAha ane sAhityakAronI zraddhA ane prerakazakti prApta karyA hatAM teTalAM 'karanA adilane meLavyAM ja|tAM nathI. "Atithya ane panaghaTa' jevA kAvyasaMgrahae ane "pAdaranAM tIratha', "jhaMjhAvAta', "aNakhUTa dhArA', "ghuvaDa bolyuM, "pAvaka javALA', "kAlacakra, ane "bhabhUkatI javALA' jevI navalakathAoe 'karanA muktisaMgrAmanuM vAtAvaraNa AlekhyuM che, paNa AgalA dAyakAoe upajAvela navIna krAtikAraka sAhityapravAhanI jema viziSTa chApa pADe tevuM svataMtra vaheNa e kRtiomAMthI phUTatuM dekhAtuM nathI. I. 1947nI 15mI ogasTe ane 1949nA jAnyuArinI 26mIe hiMdanI prajAne AtmazAsanane pUrNa adhikAra sAMpaDyo. varSonI enI jhaMkhanA ane puruSArtha pAMgaryA. paNa sAdhanA vakhate je skUrti ane rasa hatAM te siddhi pachI jANe osarI gayAM. bIjA vizvayudhe A garIba prajAnI keDa bhAMgI nAkhI hatI. tyAM te be kemonI paraspara kaleAma ane hijarate, dukALa, dharatIkaMpa ane relasaMkaTa, bekArI ane halakA jIvanadhoraNe, trIjA vizvayuddhanA bhaNakAre ane vahIvaTItaMtrathI bhegavavI paDatI yAtanAoe prajAnI jIvanazraddhA DagAvI dIdhIH viSAda, kaTutA, nirbaLatA, rela ane nAstikatA (cynicism)nI gherI amAsa svataMtra bhArata para chavAtI cAlI. AvI manedazAmAM muktine ullAsa TharI gayA. sAhityakAroe paNa svAtaMtryaprAptine vadhAvavA jeTale umaLake batAvyuM nahi. keTalAMka sAmayikAmAM temaja "svAtaMtryaprabhAta" jevI pustikAmAM muktidinane biradAvatAM gIto maLe che, paNa e to apavAdarUpa gaNAya eTalAM ja. bhASaNe ane lekhamAM ApaNuM tatvaciMtake ke rAjapuruSa ahiMsAnuM kSitija hAthaveMtamAM che ema bhale batAvatA rahyA hoya; rAjakeTa adilananI niSphaLatA pachI, bIjA vizvayuddhanA janma pachI ane khAsa karIne te hiMdu-muslima vaccenAM amAnuSI kamI hullaDo bAda prajAnI ahiMsAmAM zraddhA rahI nahi. noAkhalI, pU. baMgALa, 5. paMjAba, siMdha ane anya sarahada uparanA banAvothI komI ekatA dUra ne dUra dhakelAtI gaI. be

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gayA dAyakAnA vAmaya para daSTipAta kemee pazutAne ya zaramAve tevI pravRtti AraMbhI; mAdare vatanane ane lAkhonI saMpatti, udyoga, vepAra tathA svajanene sadA mATe tajIne vipula saMkhyAmAM temane sAmudAyika hijarata karavI paDI. tenA ja pratyAghAta rUpe saMvedanAne thIjAvI de tevI gAMdhIjInI hatyA thaI. paraMtu mahAkAvya ke navalakathAne viSaya banI zake tevI A umUlaka kalaMkakathA pAMca-pacIsa raDyAkhaDyAM ka kA ke dasa-bAra TUMkI vArtAo sivAya ApaNuM sAhitye khAsa jhilAI nathI. e ja pramANe prajAjIvanane porasa caDAve te AjhAda hiMda phojane AjhAdI mATeno maraNiyA prayatna paNa be-cAra ubhaDaka vIrakathAo sivAya sAhityanI sRSTimAM sthira prakAza Ape tevI rIte jhilAyo nathI. prajAnA jIvana upara mUlagAmI asara karanAra aneka yAdagAra, romAMcaka banAvIne eka sAthe sAMkaLI lete A sabhara dAyake bhAratanA ItihAsamAM javalle ja jovA maLaze rAjakIya, sAmAjika, Arthika ane naitika-tamAma kSetromAM prajAnAM vRtti, valaNa, vicAra ane vartanamAM teNe aneka maMthane jagADavAM ; temAM dharamULathI aneka parivartana kIdhAM che. prajAnI jUnI zraddhA ane tenAM paraMparita jIvanamUlyo A dAyakAmAM tvarAthI badalAtAM jAya che, paNa keAIesa navIna vicArazraddhA ke sthira jIvanadarzananuM hekAyaMtra jANe ke A dhUMdhaLA vAtAvaraNamAM tene hAtha lAgatuM nathI. tenuM mana asthira che. emAMthI sanniSThA ane kriyAnuM pramANu uttarottara ghaTatuM jAya che. tenAmAM hRdayabaLa karatAM buddhinuM cApalya vizeSa prasaratuM jaNAya che. buddhinA AlaMbanathI AMtarika nibaLatAne chAvaravAnA ane bAhya jagatamAM saMskAritAne DoLa karavAnA tenA prayatno vadhatA jAya che. AvI che ApaNuM A dAyakAnI jIvanasaMpatti. enI asara sAhitya upara jarUra paDI che. tethI ApaNuM sAhitya paNa jIvananA satvazALI aMzane badale jIvananA asthira, cabarAkiyA bhAnuM citraNa ja kare che. sAhityamAM AzA, mAMgalya ane zAMtipUrNa saundaryanI chApane badale viSAda, Indrittejaka cAMcalya ane buddhi ke UrminA kSaNika taravarATanI chApa vadhu pramANamAM jovA maLe che. ochAmAM 1 "Between two worlds, One dead : the other powerless to be born!" -Mathew Arnold

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 50 10 ochI mUDI rokIne vadhAremAM vadhAre napho mArI levAnuM valaNa koIne Adhunika sAhityasarjanamAM upayuMkta sthitine kAraNe dekhAya te navAI nahi. mane maMthananI tIvratA, kalAnA antastatvanI UMDI sAdhanA, prajAsamastanA aMtara upara prabaLa asara kare, temanAM vRtti-vicAra palaTAvI nAMkhe tevI bhavya jIvanazraddhAne raNako AjanA sarjana-sAhityamAM kyAMya jaNAto nathI. - gAMdhIjInA AdhyAtmika rASTravAdane prabhAva navIna lekhakemAMthI ghaTate jAya che. raziyAnI paradezanItithI temanA priya sAmyavAdanI mUrtio paNa bhAMgI paDI che. IMglenDa ane amerikAnI lokazAhI temane saMtoSI zakatI nathI. Ama sarjakanI priya bhAvanAo pattAMnA mahelanI jema asthira che. tethI emanI kRtiomAM paNa sthira ane tAtvika jIvanadarzanano abhAva mAlUma paDe che. preraka baLo ane lakSaNe te pachI A dAyakAnAM sAhityasarjananuM mukhya upAdAna zuM? tenA ghaNAkharA sarjana-pravAhane phogama tenI pahelAMnA deDha dAyakAmAM jovo paDe tema che. I. 1925 pachInA sAhityanAM je sthULa ghaDatarabaLo ane lakSaNo che temAM A dAyake bahu moTo pheraphAra thayo hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. (alabatta te varSonAM sAhityalakSaNo AjanA lekhakenI te taraphanI kaI UMDI . tattvaniSThAne kAraNe nahi, paNa temanA paraMparAprApta calaNathI ja A dAyake cAlu rahyAM che.) te paNa dezavidezanI adyatana sAhityakRtionuM vAcana, mAnasazAstra ane kAmavijJAna tarapha vadhatuM jatuM kutuhala, Adhunika paradezI kalAmImAMsakAnI vicArasaraNI ane sarjakanI kalAnirUpaNarItione prabhAva, bhUtakALanA itihAsamAM gaurava jevA zodhavAnuM vadhatuM valaNa, TAgora ane araviMdanA agamyavAda ane temanA kAvyAdarzInI laganI, nirbheLa vAstavavAdano UMDo Agraha, bhavyadAtta vyaktinA jaTila jIvanane badale prAkRta vyaktinA jIvananI yAdagAra ane rasakSama kSaNone sAhityaviSaya banAvavA taraphanI daSTi, pragabha prayogomAM rAcatuM lekhakamAnasa, viSayavaividhyane bhAre moha-A badhAM eka bIjAthI sAva bhinna gaNAya tevAM lakSaNo A duAyakAnA lalita sAhityamAM spaSTa jaNAya che. A dAyakAnI lekhanapravRttimAM reDiyo ane bolapaTamAM maLatAM vadhu dhanakIrtithI AkarSAIne navIna lekhake temane anukULa bane tevI racanAo tarapha

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gayA dAyakAnA vADamaya para daSTipAta vaLyA che. jokapriya ja temane mudrAlekha hoya ema temanI kRtio vAMcatAM zaMkA jAya che. e ja vidvaddagya karatAM lokabhogya sAhityanuM prakAzana gayA karatAM A dAyake vadhAre thatuM rahyuM che ema kahI zakAya. gayA dAyakA karatAM A dAyake ApaNuM sAhityamAM pazcimanA vIsamI sadInA sAhityanI asara paNa vadhu varatAya che. kRtinA svarUpa ane racanAvidhAna paratve, viSayanI vidhavidha nirUpaNapaddhatio ane rItio dAkhavavAmAM, vastunuM manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa sAdhI batAvavAmAM tathA jAtIya kAmanAonuM pRthakkaraNa karI temane rasaviSaya banAvavAmAM Adhunike A sadInA pazcimI lekhakone sArI peThe anusare che. A dAyakAnA keTalAka lekhake gAmaDAmAMthI AvyA che. temanuM lekhana svAnubhUta grAmajIvananA jIvaMta rasathI poSAya che. cAhIne teo mANelI grAmasRSTinI suMdaratA-asuMdaratAeAnuM nirUpaNa karavA tarapha DhaLyA che. AgalA dAyakAnI "seraTha tArAM vahetAM pANI', "sApanA bhArA" ke "vaLAmaNuM' jevI kRtioe meLavelI saphaLatAthI uttejAyA hoya tema, pannAlAla, piTalIkara, maDiyA, pItAMbara paTela, durgeza zukla, caMdaravAkara, premazaMkara bhaTTa, jazabhAI paTela Adi lekhakee A dAyake grAmadharatI ane samAjanA taLapadA raMgone temanI kRtiomAM vadhu pramANamAM uThAva Ape che. A dAyakAnA sAhityamAM ullAsa ane prasannatA karatAM duHkha, viSAda ane kaTutAnAM to vadhu gocara ane pratItikara bane che. sarjaka-mAnasa zraddhA ane zreyanI jhaMkhanA vyakta nathI karatuM ema nahi, paNa enI abhivyakti buddhipUrvaka ke sabhAnatAthI thatI hoya ema jaNAya che; jayAre jivAtA jIvananI viSamatAnI ane vartamAna pratikULa paristhitionI tenI jhAMkhI sacoTa ane tIvra hovAthI temAM tenI kharI vyAkuLatA ane saMvedanAnAM darzana thAya che. samagra prajAnA jIvanamAM lekhakane vedanAnA ja * sUre saMbhaLAtA hovAthI Ama banavuM svAbhAvika che. bhAratIya prajAmAM ALasa, garIbI, vilAsI vRtti, uparanA caLakATane moha, svArthalAlupatA daMbha ane nItibhraMza gayA dAyakA daramiyAna kUlatAM gayAM che; bIjI tarapha, tenA sAmudAyika jIvanamAMthI utsa, AnaMde ane jIvanapoSaka adalanane dezavaTo maLyo jaNAya che. pachI sAhityamAM jIvananI pazutA, malinatA, jhaMjhAvAta ane mAnasika yAtanAonAM citro vipula pramANamAM jovA maLe emAM kazuM duHkha ke Azcarya nathI; emAM khuda jivAtuM jIvana ja kAraNabhUta che.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 30 10 tyAre sAmAnya viSayAne rasanuM vAhana banAvavA taraphanI vadhatI jatI rUDhi, Urmi ka kalpanA karatAM sthULa vigatA ane vastunuM citraNa karavAnA zAkha, kRtinA aMtaraMga karatAM tenI bAhya AkRti sAdhavA tarapha vadhu lakSa, jIvananI sapATI uparanAja bhAvAne tAkavAnI vRtti, bhASAnI te vANInI chaTA tathA zailInuM vaividhya batAvavAmAM dekhAtA rasa, SAtrA ane prasaMgAnuM manevaijJAnika paddhatithI thatu Alekhana ane manaraMjana karavAnA ja mukhya hetu A dAyakAnA sarjanAtmaka sAhityanAM vyAvaka lakSaNA che. prAcIna parAkramazIla saMskRtinI kathAonA gauravagAnathI vIra te addabhuta rasa pIrasavAnA temaja gunegArA, bahAravaTiyAo ane upekSitAmAM mANasAInA dIvA pragaTAvanArI bhAvanAnA AlekhananA prayatnA kacit temAM najare caDe che, tema chatAM mukhyatve karIne A dAyakAnA lekhakaiAe jIvananI kAI sthira ane udAtta bhAvanAnuM maMgala dana karAvavA karatAM vatamAnanAM anekaraMgI vAstavacitrA AlekhavAnuM ja dhAyu" hoya ema lAge che. Ama jIvananI U'DI jhaMkhanA ane nirAzA-- ema paraspara vireAdhI bhAvAnA prabaLa dhakkA rUpeja A dAyakAnI sAhitya saritA vahI rahI che. paNa A tA thaI lita sAhityanI vAta. lalita sAhitya tenA saMgIna svarUpamAM vipula pramANamAM janme te pahelAM prajAnI jIvanadRSTine sAre, tene zaktizALI banAve, tenAmAM amuka vicArAnuM sthAyI vAtAvaraNa dRDha banAve tevA ciMtana-sAhityanI eTale vicArakAnI vANI ane pravRttinI khAsa AvazyakatA rahe che. sakAnA dhaDataramAM tenA yugavicArA, tenA AdhAta-pratyAdhAta ane AMdolaneAnA tathA vAtAvaraNuzaktinA ghaNA moTA phALA rahe che. ravIndranAthane dhaDavAmAM brAhma samAjane parAkSa phALA nAneAsanA na kahevAya. geAvanarAma ke nhAnAlAlanA vyaktitvane tejasvI banAvavAmAM pazcimI saMskRtine pratyAdhAta khulaMda che. e ja pramANe hAlanA gujarAtamAM paNa jyAre caMcala leAlaka jevA vicArAnA gaDagaDATa zamI jaze, eka sthira prakAzavALI dRSTi, vicAra ane vAtAvaraNanuM AkAza jAmaze, tyAre ja sarjanAtmaka sAhityacetanavaMtuM ane kharA arthamAM samRddha banaze. lalitetara sAhityamAM A dAyake sAru joma AvyuM che. caritrapustakA ane ciMtanalekheAnA saMgrahA sArA pramANamAM prakAzana pAmyA che. temAM

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gayA dAyakAnA vADamaya para daSTipAta nirUpita jIvana, vicAra ane kalA dItimAna che. prAcIna-madhyakAlIna kAvyanAM vidvattApUrNa saMzodhana-saMpAdano A dAyake ApaNane ThIka ThIka maLyAM che. vivecananA saMgrahanuM pramANu saMtoSakAraka che. DAyarInuM sAhitya A dAyake ja pahelavaheluM ApaNane graMthAkAre sAMpaDyuM che. AtmakathAo lakhavA-chapAvavAne vyavasAya paNa vadhyo che. A sau graMthamAM temanA lekhakanuM abhyAsabaLa, mananapriyatA, telanazakti, zilInI sacoTatA ane vidvattA jovA maLe che. ekaMdare lalita vibhAga karatAM lalitetara vibhAganuM baLa A dAyakAne gaurava apAve tevuM che. sAhityanA pravAho daza varSamAM jUnA pravAha badalAI na jAya, paNa temAM thoDIghaNI vadhaghaTa to avazya thAya. keI navuM jharaNuM temAM AvI bhaLI jAya, tenI gati ane dizAmAM kaMIka pheraphAra thAya, tenAM jaLa UMDAM ke chIcharAM bane, koI koI pravAha lupta paNa thaI jAya. kALanI gati, varSAnI dhArA, mULanAM pAtAla ne jamInanA thara pramANe banatuM rahe. gayA dAyakAmAM sAhityanuM ekAda svarUpa vipulatAne pAmyuM hoya te A dAyakAmAM te kSINa bane ane pravAhanI keTalIka navI dizA cAlu thayA bAda punaH te junI dizA tarapha paNa vahevA mAMDe. AgalA dAyakAmAM koI sAhityakAra upekSA pAye hoya , te navA dAyakAmAM upAsanAne pAtra paNa bane. e pramANe tapAsIe te AgalA dAyakA karatAM A dAyakAne kAvyapravAha atyaMta kSINa lAge che. navalikA, nATaka ne navalakathAnA pravAhamAM kyAMka kyAMka tANuM nAMkhe evAM jalenuM josa jaNAya che, paNuM Deka dUra gayA ke vaLI pravAha chIchare mAlUma paDe che; retInA sukkA paTa najare caDe che. lalitetara sAhityamAM vivecana, saMpAdana, anuvAda, saMzodhana, itihAsa, pravAsa ane vijJAnanA pravAha AgalA dAyakAnI ja gatie che. paNa ciMtana ane caritrane sAhityapravAha te AgalA be dAyakAthI ya vadhu samRddhi pAme che. pratyeka pravAhane vigatavAra vistArathI nihALIe. kavitA gaI peDhInA kaviomAMthI kavi nhAnAlAla, pro. ThAkora ane rA. khabaradAranI sajanapravRtti cAlu rahI che. navIna kavionI prathama peDhImAMthI caMdravadana meghANI, sneharazmi, umAzaMkara, pUjAlAla, manasukhalAla, caM. 2

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0 graMtha ane graMthakAra 30 10 mANeka, kezava zeTha, jyAtsnAbahena zukala ane jugatarAma davenA nUtana kAvyasaMgrahA, bAdarAyaNanA prathama kAvyasaMgraha ane DIlararAya mAMkaDanu eka lAMbu' kathAkAvya A samayamAM pragaTa thayela che. keAlaka, meAhanIca', harizcaMdra bhaTTa, proAdha, pArAzaya, nAthAlAla dave, prahlAda pArekha, prArAma rAvaLa, svastha, arAlavALA, gAviMda svAmI, anAmI, gAviMda paTela, durgeza zukala, sva. prabhubhAI paTela, puSpA vakIla, devaza Mkara joSI, minu desAI, niraMjana bhagata, naMdakumAra pAThaka, prazAMta, jahAMgIra desAI, jazabhAI paTela, AnaMda kavi, amIna AjhAda, vagere udaya pAmatA navIna kaviemAMthI keTalAkanA pahelA te keTalAkanA bIjA ke trIjA kAvyasa grahe A gALAmAM prakAzana pAmyA che. ApaNI mujhaga peDhInA bhulAI gayelA eka sArA kavi haragAviMda premaza'kara trivedInA eka kAvyasaMgrahu umAzakara ane nAthAlAla davenI sayukta mahenatathI saMpAdita thayA che. A uparAMta rAjendra zAha, ratilAla chAyA, uzanas, bAlamukuMda dave, jayaMta pAThaka, veNIbhAI purAhita, hasita khUca, upendra paDayA, pinAkina ThAkAra, zekhAdama AmuvAlA Adi taruNu kavie paNa avAranavAra mAsikAmAM peAtAnI racanAe camakAvatA rahe che. Ama sa`khyAdaSTie ApaNA kavie ane ApaNAM kAvyeAnA phAla A dAyake thADA UtaryAM nathI. AgalA dAyakAnI kavitAmAM vizeSe jovA maLatuM dalitA, kicana ne upekSitAnuM gAna AjanI kavitAmAM ghaTavA lAgyuM che. gAMdhIjIe chaNelA viSayeA ane batAvelI nItie agAunI kavitAne je preraNAjaLa pAyuM hatuM te atyAranI kavitAmAM jaNAtuM nathI. tene badale hAlanAM kAvyeAmAM prakRti, praNaya ane bhaktinA viSaya vadhAre AviSkAra pAmyA che. A dAyakAnA pratyeka kAvyasaMgrahanA aDadhA aDadha bhAga prakRti ane praNayanAM bhAvacitrothI bharapUra jaNAya che. prakRtinirUpaNamAM kavionuM valaNa saundaryalakSI temaja vAstavadarzI rahyuM che. sAdA alaMkArA, muTTAdAra taraMgA, kavitAcita padAvali ane prAdezika saundaryazrI vaDaeN prakRtinAM saralaramya vigatapracura varNanA kAvyAmAM sabhara bharyAM che. sAthe sAthe ciMtana, svAnubhavakathana ane vRttimaya-bhAvAbhAsanuM Alabana paNa prakRti banI che. kudarata pratye piyubhAva, bAlabhAva, sakhyabhAva bhaktibhAva-ema judA judA kavioe peAtapAtAnI nirALI dRSTi vaDe prakRtine nirakhI ane pIdhI che.

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gayA dAyakAnA vANamaya para daSTipAta praNaya-AlekhanamAM svacha dAmpatyanI prasannagaMbhIra prauDhi karatAM yauvananI nirakeza mastI, cAMcalya, azAMti, premanuM vaiphalya, darda ane temAMthI uddabhavatA svairavihArI ciMtananuM nirUpaNa vizeSa jovA maLe che. A dAyakAnAM kAvyone keTalAka bhAga visarAI gayela bhakti ane Izvara-tattva tarapha punaH jAgatuM valaNa batAve che. kavi pUjAlAla bhakti, stuti ane prArthanAne ja traNa-cAra kAvyasaMgrahanA viSaya banAve che. koI ajJAta kavinI "zrI gaMgAcaraNe" "tuja caraNe... 'hRdayapakAra" "manane" "jIvana pagale' Adi pustikAomAMnI bhaktipiSaka kavitA tenuM bIjuM nidarzaka dRSTAMta che. zro. suMdaramasaMpAdita 'dakSiNa" vaimAsikamAM rajU thatAM maulika ane anuvAdita kAvyo temaja vividha sAmayikomAM pragaTa thatAM rahetAM suMdaramathI mAMDIne zrIkAnta mAhulIkara sudhInA kavionAM kAvyo A dAyakAnI kavitAne AdhyAtmika jhaka paNa Ape che. "yAtrA" "abhisAra', "maMjUSA', "gopIhadaya', (anuvAda) "bhagavAnanI lIlA" vagere kRtiomAM pratIta thatI prabhuzraddhA ane agamya tattvanI jhaMkhanA paNa A vAtanuM samarthana kare che. zrImadda bhagavaddagItAnA aneka anuvAda ane "vedAMtavilAsa" ke "zaMkaravilAsa" jevA jUnI paddhatinA padasaMgrahonI be traNa varSamAM ja thatI cAra-cAra AvRttio batAve che ke AmajanatAne bahoLA varga pAraMparika dharmapustake mATe ThIka ruci batAve che. hAsyarasanAM kAvyo paNa vItelA dAyakAmAM ThIka saMkhyAmAM maLelAM che. AgalA dAyakAmAM zeSa, suMdarama AdinA saMgrahomAM jovAtAM tema A dAyakAnA saMgrahomAM ya kayAMka kayAMka kaTAkSapradhAna ke vinodapradhAna kAvyo maLI rahe che. uparAMta A gALAmAM "kaTAkSakAvyo" "vaizaMpAyananI vANI' ane "nAradavANI" e traNa saMgraho kevaLa hAsyarasanAM ja pragaTa thayelAM che e noMdhapAtra binA che. temAMthI pahelA be saMgrahanA kartA anukrame devakaNuM jozI ane karasanadAsa mANekamAM hAsyanI svAbhAvika daSTi, do ane DhALanI sArI hatheTI, ziSTa temaja taLapadA zabdo paraMnuM ekasarakhuM prabhutva, vANanI ramUja, cAturya ane dRSTinI vedhakatA varatAya che. traNe 1. bIjI tarapha A hakIkata uparathI ema kahI zakAya ke bhakti ane tattvajJAnanI bhUmikA upara paNa Adhunika kavitApravAhane lakaruci bhAve ja apanAvI zakI che,

Page #24
13 graMtha ane graMthakAra pu.10 saMgrahA mukhyataH emAMnA tIkSNa kaTAkSathI ane aMzata : temAMnAM ThaThThAcitrothI (caricatures) recaka anyA che. emAMnAM ghaNAMkharAM kAvyA dainikA dvArA lAkapriya banyAM che, joke temAM sAhityika guNavattAnI mAtrA ekadhArI sacavAI nathI. jUnA viSaye| uparAMta pratyeka kAvyasaMgrahamAM temanA kavienA nijI maneAbhAveA te vicAratara MgAne viSaya banAvavAmAM AvyA che. mAnava mananI, samAjanI ane rASTranA ke vizvanA dhaDAtA itihAsanI ' paristhiti para kavioe yathAzakti ciMtana calAvyu` che. sau ciMtanakAvyeAmAM vizvanAM du:khAnA ukela zAdhavAnA prayatna thayA che, paraMtu ciMtanamAM navInatA ane UMDANunI UNapa dhaNuMkharuM varatAya che. evAM kAvyamAM kavitA karatAM muddhiyukta vicAranI nibaMdhiyA rajUAta ane gadyALutAnI chApa vadhu pramANamAM jovA maLe che. umAzaMkara, sneharazmi ane manasukhalAla jevA AgalA dAyakAnA saphaLa ciMtanazIla kavi paNa temanAM vicArapradhAna kAvyeAnI A UNapa bhAgye ja sudhArI zakayA che. padmaprabhutva ane vANInI chaTAe A dAyakAnI kavitAmAM vizeSe sadhAyAM jAya che. sudI kAvyA A dAyake ThIka ThIka UtaryAM che. umAza'karanAM 'prAcInA 'mAM pragaTa thayela kathAkAvyA te suvidita che. temAM upajAtinA, vaidika anuSTupanA ane ASa chaTThAla'gIovALI .vANInA sarala chatAM gauravayukta pravAhanA madhura ninAda gujarAtI padya anevANInA rUpane apUrvAMtAthI bharI de che. pRthvI chaMdanI 1038 5ktiomAM 'dharatIne' saMkheAdhatA ciMtanapradhAna kAvyamAM svAsthe padyaracanAnI sArI hatheATI batAvI che. mahAkAvya lakhavAnI AkAMkSAmAM gAviMdabhAI paTele 17 sa ane 345 pAnAMmAM guru goviMdasiMha 'nu eka vistAravALuM caritakAvya vividha vRttomAM saMvAdapradhAna kheAdhaka AkhyAnakAvyanI zailInA DhALamAM utAryu che. prAcIna anuSTupanI lAMbAM kathAkAvyeA mATenI vAhanakSamatA siddha karatuM 1237 paMkti sudhI lakhAtuM ' bhagavAnanI lIlA' jANItA vivecaka DAlararAya mAMkaDe pragaTa karyu che. sneharazminA ' varlIMgamane' ke ' pUrNimA ' jevAM chaMdobaddha kAvyomAM avanavIna vAkchaTA ane madhura layakallAla jovA maLe che. vaidika racanAothI mAMDIne dAharA-sAraThA sudhInA chaMdo bhAvaprAkaTaya mATe A dAyake vaparAyA che; temAM zreNI bhAMgapheADa thaI che, paNa keTalIka vAra te emAM navIna laya ane asulabha saMvAditA navInatara ' .

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gayA dAyakAnA vAlmaya para daSTipAta kavione hAthe paNa jaLavAyAM che, e tenI siddhi taraphanuM zubha prayANa gaNAya. umAzaMkara, manasukhalAla, sneharazmi Adi ane kalaka, pArAzarya, svamastha Adi kavioe temanI judI judI vAgnidagdhatAne aneka prayogo dvArA vikAsa sAdhI batAvyuM che. ethI kAvyamAM ramatiyALapaNuM, pravAhitA ane svAbhAvikatA AvyAM che. ' '38-40nA gALAnI kavitA mukhyatve ageya, vicArapradhAna, mUrtabhAvI, arthe kalakSI ane seneTanA kAvyasvarUpamAM lebhAtI hArazailInI chApavALI hatI. hAlanI kavitA vAstavalakSI, buddhipradhAna ane pravAhI padyaracanAnI himAyata karatI maTI to nathI gaI, paNa itihAsanuM punarAvartana sAcuM TharAvatI hoya tema, sva. kavi nhAnAlAlanI kavitAnI upekSA pAmelI siddhio- zabdateja, sugeyatA, bhAvalAlitya ane dhvanimAdhurya-nuM pratibiMba jhIlavAnI kArIgarImAM utsAha batAvatI thaI che. ene lIdhe emAM raMgavilAsI lelavilola bhAvanI sAthe junA gujarAtI tathA baMgALI DhALAnI laDhaNa vadhatI dekhAya che. " Atithya', "panaghaTa', "abhisAra" jevA agraNI kavionA kAvyasaMgrahamAM gItanuM vadheluM pramANa temaja " laya', "pathika' "kAliMdI" Adi navInatara kavionAM pustakomAM gItAe rokele moTe bhAga ane e gItamAMnI zailI ne raMgarUparacanA A hakIkatanuM samarthana karavA basa che. ekaMdare kavio ThAkorazailInI kSatA ke atiparicitatAthI thAkayA ke nhAnAlAla-dayArAme sAdheluM tattva avagaNAyuM che e kAvyasaundarya mATe ThIka nathI thayuM ema samajyA he, game tema, paNa zailI para nhAnAlAla, boTAdakara, meghANathI aTakI gayela raMgapradhAna kAvyapravAha A dAyake ThAkarazailInI sAthe samAntara vahete spaSTa pratIta thAya che. saMkulatA ane alokapriyatA adyatana kavitAnAM gavAI gayelAM apalakSaNo che. A dAyakAnI kavitAe temAMthI mukta thavAnA ThIka prayatno karyA jaNAya che. arthaghaTanAne aMge zailImAM AvatI durbodhatA, kazatA ane TADhAzane tajIne geyatAne anuSaMge madhuratA, lAlitya ane vAgmitAnA zailIguNo khilavavAnuM valaNa teNe batAvyuM che. alokapriyatAne nivAravA te ethI ye vadhu sakriya prayatna thayA dekhAya che. uttara hiMdamAM thatA muzAyarAo ane kavisaMmelananI dekhAdekhIthI temaja sAmAnya janatAne kAvyAbhimukha karI temAM rasa letI karAvavAnA hetuthI

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14 graMtha ane graMthakAra pu 10 ApaNe tyAM vAratahevAre jAhera ceAgAnamAM ane reDiyenA upara kAvyagAnanI pravRtti A dAyakAmAM zarU thaI che. emAM sthAnika gajhalama`DaLeA, lekhakamila ane reDiyee temaja umAzaMkara, manasukhalAla, jyotIndra, bAdarAyaNa, kAlaka, yAhnA zukala, jayamanagaurI Adi kavi-kavayitrIoe sakriya rasa dAkhavyo che. jo ke preA. viSNuprasAda, zrI. vizvanAtha Adi vivecakAe emAMnI kavitAene karAmatI, kaDhaMgI, sabhAra MjanI, kRtrima joDakaNAM kahI e uparanA emanA spaSTa aNugamA jAhera karyAM che, teA paNa dalapatarAmathI aTakI gayelA sabhA samakSa kArvyapaThanano ke lalakArane rivAja pharIne gujarAtamAM zarU thayeA che. vaheMcAtI kavitA upara AnI e asara thaI ke 'klAnta' ane ' kalApI 'nI gajhalazailI pahelAM muslima kavie ke patIlanI gajhalamAM ja aTavAtI tene badale have mukta khanI suMdaram, umAzaMkara, manasukhalAla, bAdarAyaNu, beTAI Adi kavienAM navAM kAvyomAM viziSTa laDhaNA tarIke viharavA lAgI. chatAM A zailInA sauthI vadhu puraskartA kavie te zayadA, amIna AjhAda, nasIma, zUnya, ANuvAlA Adi muslima kavie ane patIla, mANeka, veNIbhAI, bAlamuku Mda, niraMjana bhagata Adi hiMdu kavione gAvI zakAya. emanI kAi kAi gajhalAmAM buddhicAturyaMnA camakArA uparAMta kAvyanAM sAcAM tA paNa maLI rahe che. alabatta, gujarAtI muzAyarAothI ke reDiyA upara thatAM kAvyagAnAthI gujarAtI Amavage` UMcI kAvyaruci keLavI heAya evI sthiti uddabhavI nathI ane emAM rajU thatAM kAvyeAnA moTA bhAga te joDakaNAMnI ja pratIti karAve che. teA paNa zALA-kaoNlejonA vargA ke pustakAlayA ane vidvAnAnA kabATAmAM bharAI rahetI kavitAne jo ApaNe janatAnA haiyAmAM ghumatI karavI hAya to A prathAne pASavI paDaze. gajhalA ke kAvyA viSayAnuM vaividhya batAvI bhAvanirUpaNamAM UMcI suruci te kalAsaMyama sAdhe, lAgaNInA sAcA vaibhava lAvI tenA sakanA vyaktitvanI kharI khumArI dAkhave, zabdonA viveka temaja bhASA-chaMdanI zuddhi mATe darakAra rAkhIne buddhicAturyaMnA tejasvI camakAra jhIle ane lakajhucine vaza thavAnA hi paNa tene kavitA mATe keLavavavAnA nimittarUpa muzAyarAne gaNIne kAvyanI rajUAta karavAnI paddhati jo akhatyAra karavAmAM Ave te A pravRtti sAhityanuM ahita sAdhanArI na nIvaDe. kAvyapravAhanI dizA ane temAM thayelA pheraphArA tapAsyA bAda have

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gayA dAyakAnA vADamaya para daSTipAta ApaNe kAvyatvanI daSTie A dAyakAnI kavitAne kasI joIe. AgalA dAyakAnA nUtana kavioe kavitAnA kSetra para je AzAo ugADI hatI te hajI AzAo ja rahI che. mANeka, praphlAda pArekha, sva. harizcaMdra bhaTTa, nAthAlAla dave, niraMjana bhagata jevA navInatara peDhInA AzAspada kavio emanI keTalIka noMdhapAtra lAkSaNikatAo sAthe saja kabaLa khilavatA mAlUma paDyA che e zubhacihyuM che, te paNa ekaMdare kAvyanA kSetramAM A dAyako junA pIDha ke navIna UcharatA kavio dvArA kazuM krAntikAraka, utsAhI adelana janmAvI zakyo nathI. saMkhyAdaSTie deDhAthI ya vadhu nAnAM moTAM maulika kAvyapustake A dAyakAne sAhityacopaDe jamA thayA hovA chatAM pUrA dasane paNa kAvyabhogI varga umaLakAbhera vadhAvaze ke kema e zaMkA che. hAla to kavionI sarjana-pratibhA thAka khAtI hoya ema jaNAya che. arvAcIna kavitAnAM uttama pustakonI haroLamAM besI zake tevAM nAnAM moTAM thaIne mAtra cAra ja kAvyapustako A dAyakAmAM gaNAvI zakAya tema . che. eka che temanA "adhdha' karatAM vadhu UMcI sarjakatA, vaividhya ane ciMtanazIlatA batAvatuM sneharazminuM "panaghaTa'; bIju che purANa prasiddha pAtrone tathA prasaMgone arvAcIna bhAvanAnI dIpti vaDe apUrva kauzalathI AlekhatuM umAzaMkaranuM prAcInA'; trIjuM che phArasI zAyaronI mastInA paDaghA pADatuM mANekanuM ramaNIya "mahebatane mAMDave" ane cothuM che temanI raMgadarzI rItinI sarva uttamatA sahita dAmpatyabhAvane tAjagIpUrvaka AlekhatuM hAnAlAlanuM nAnakaDuM "pAnetara'. bAkInAM kAvyapustakomAM temanA kavionI keTalIka vizeSatAo hovA chatAM ekaMdare sarjanazakti nirbaLa jaNAya che. bhASAnI cArutA, paprabhutva, vividha vAchaTAo, nirUpaNarItinuM kauzala, rasikatA, manabhAvanuM vaividhya vagere kAvyanAM anyathA anupekSaNIya aMgo para temaNe sArI siddhio batAvI che, paraMtu kAvyanA samagra kalpanA vyApAra ane rasacamatkRti paratve moTA bhAganA kAvyasaMgrahe nirAzA upajAve che. emAM svAnubhUta jIvanadarzananI gahanatAnI, tIvra bhAvakathananI marmaspazI caTanI ane vyaMjanAvyApArathI thatI rasaniSpattinI moTI UNapa rahelI che. temanAM kAvyomAM rUpa, raMga ane rItine rUAba che, paNa 1. sva. meghANIe 'ravIndravINa"mAM temanI sarjakatA ane rUpAMtarakalAne utkRSTa paricaya karAvyuM che; paNa "ravIndravINuM" Akhare te vibAbunI ja ne ?

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1 graMtha ane graMthakAra pu010 6 " ( < ' temanA vyaktitvanI--mAtmAnI-khuzame nahi jevI ja che. umAzaMkaranA 'ga'gAtrI' ane ' nizItha'nI tulanAmAM temanuM ja Atithya ' kevuM AyAsajanya ane gadyALu lAge che ! manasukhalAlanA vyaktitvanI je sArabha * ArAdhanA 'mAM maLatI te 'abhisAra 'mAM jAya che? kayAM * parijAta 'mAMnAM pUjAlAlanAM bhaktikAvyA ane kAM * mimALA', ' japamALA ', AdimAMnAM temanAM stotrA ! gaye dAyake * darzAnikA', * kurukSetra', mhArAM saoNneTA ', 'kalyANikA', Adi mujhaga kavionA ane kAvyamaMgalA ', ' vasudhA', nizItha ', ' yugavaMdanA ', '* Indradhanu ', 'kADiyAM ', Adi navIna kavienA DajhanabaMdha prathama paMktinA kAvyasaMgrahe sAMpaDavA hatA, jyAre A dAyakaeN evAM pakava zailIvALAM, nUtana vicAranuM prasthAna banAvatAM, bharyAM' kAvyajaLanI chAlakA mAratAM pustakA keTalAM vAru? AgalA dAyakAnI sarakhAmaNImAM A dasakAnA ' Atithya ', * abhisAra', ' japamALA ', ' pratIkSA ', ' svAti ', 'saMskRti', ' kAli'dI ', ' dharatIne ', 'AkAzanAM phUla ', 'maMjUSA ' 'kesUDA ane sAneru 'pratipadA ', ' cakravAk ' cha Mdolaya ', ' pratyUSa ', ' saMvedanA' Adi saMgraha sAmAnya kATinA nathI jaNAtA ? nATaka ApaNA sAhityamAM nATakanA prakAra upara vAcakrAnu' temaja lekhakAnuM dhyAna sadA ochuM ja rahetuM AvyuM che. navalakathAe ane navalikAe jeTalAM nATakA kharIdAtAM nathI tema vaMcAtAM pazu nathI, eTale mAM lakhAtAM ya nathI. dhaMdhAdArI nATakA ane sAhityika nATayaracanAo vacce khApamAryA vera hAya evI paristhiti aneka prayogA, ane prayatna chatAM Aja sudhI palaTI zakAMI nathI. raraMgabhUmi para bhajavAtAM nATake bhAgye ja pustakAkAre prakAzana pAme che ane sAhityika nATakAnA dhaMdhAdArI raMgabhUmi javalle ja svIkAra kare che. vaLI nATayakalA tenA sa`kanu' anya kalAo karatAM vizeSa ekAgra citta ane sUkSma kAzala apekSatI heAvAthI tenI ArAdhanA dhArIe teTalI sahelI nathI. A badhAM kAraNeAne lIdhe AgalA dAyakAonI jema A dAyakA paNu sAhityanA A prakAra paratve kazuM vadhAre khATI gaye| nathI. nAnAMmoTAM maLIne lagabhaga pacAsa jeTalAM nATakanAM maiAlika pustakA A dAyake prakAzana pAmyAM che. triaMkI tema ja ekAMkInAM pustakAnuM pramANu lagabhaga sarakhu rahyu che.

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gayA dAyakAnA vAlmaya para daSTipAtA triaMkI nATakomAM "allAbelI, tathA "1857 ane jaliyAMvAlA' jevAM raDavAMkhaDavAM etihAsika vastuvALAM nATakane bAda karatAM moTA bhAganI kRtio sAmAjika che. sau praznonA prazna rU5 strI-puruSanA saMbaMdhane A nATakomAM bhinna bhinna rIte sparzavAmAM Avyo che. zrI. caMdravadana jevA lekhaka kevaLa jAtIya vikRtine ja kendramAM rAkhe che te zrI. munazI jevA strI ane puruSanI Adhunika sAmAjika sthitinA viparyAsane upahAsa kare che; bAkInA paikI keTalAka manovaijJAnika paddhatie lagna tathA strIsvAtaMtryanI samasyAne carcavAno prayatna kare che to keTalAka jUnI sthitine ja navAM pAtra ane prasaMgo dvArA Alekhe che. "dhUmrasera', "chIe te ja ThIka', pAMjarApoLa', "allAbelI', dharA gurjarI', "Da. madhurikA, "arvAcInA', 'zikhariNI', "huM ne mArI vahu', "pArakI jaNI', "sarI jatuM sUrata', kuMvArAM ja sArAM ?" ane "IzvaranuM khUna -eTalAM A dAyakAnAM mukhya lAMbAM nATake che. dhUmrasera' ane "allAbelI" A varSonA pratinidhirUpa, kalAmaya karaNaH nATake che. "chIe te ja ThIka, "ne mArI vahu, pAMjarApoLa', ane "arvAcInA' lAkSaNika mukta prahasana che. dharA gurjarI, "sarI jatuM sUrata', "pArakI jaNI" ane "kuMvArA ja sArAM ochevatte aMze agaMbhIra gaNuM zakAya tevAM sAmAjika nATake che. 'dhUmrasera', "allAbelI' ane "chIe te ja ThIka' nATakanA kalAvidhAna paratve temaja takhtAlAyakInI dRSTie A dAyakAnAM sarvocca nATaka gaNAya. caMdravadane A gALAmAM traNa nATaka ApyAM che, paNa temAM temanI nATayakalAno koI vizeSa aMza khIlele dekhAtuM nathI. UlaTuM, saMjananI ekAgratA uvekhIne dazyatA ane abhinaya-prayAgone ArAdhatAM vizaMkhalatAne doSa emanI kalA vahorI le che. e ja pramANe munazInAM nATako paNa bhajavavAmAM saphaLatA pAmyAM chatAM temanI nATayakalAne temanAthI vadhu ba maLyo che ema kahI zakAze nahi. e bAbatamAM cunIlAla maDiyA, gulAbadAsa briokara ane guNavaMtarAya AcAryanI kRtio kaMIka vizeSa AzA Ape che. emanI racanAo ApaNA garIba nATyasAhityamAM noMdhapAtra umerArUpa che. e jotAM A traNe ya nATyasarjake nATakanAM aMga-upAMgonI khilavaNI paratve vadhu sajAga rahIne AthI ya uttama racanAo havenA dAyakAne Ape to navAI nahi. caM. 3

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 50 10 ekAMkI nATakomAM pahelI najare viSaya, saMvidhAna ane zailI ema traNe daSTie vaividhya A dasa varSomAM jovA maLe che. dhUmaketunA "zrIdevImAM ane yazedharanA "hu-ena-saMga'mAM citihAsika durgeza zukala, jayaMti dalAla, pannAlAla, maDiyA, umAzaMkara, caMdaravAkara AdimAM gAmaDAMnuM nIcalA tharanuM ke zaheranA madhyama varganuM lokajIvana ane gulAbadAsa, goviMda amIna, umeza kavi, dalAla AdimAM pratIta thatI sAmAjika samasyAo, nutana manovyApAre ke sAmAnya hAsyaparyavasAyI viSayo A dAyakAnA ekAMkInuM viSayavaividhya nakkI kare che. saMvidhAnanI anokhI siddhi batAvatuM yazodharanuM "raNachoDalAla', purANAM nAndI ane bhAratavAkyane nUtana prayoga dAkhavatuM zrIdharANInuM "pIye garI', saMyojananA praga9bha prayAgarUpa dalAlanuM "aMdhArapaTa' ane raMgabhUminI navIna racanA apekSatuM temanuM "sAyanuM nAkuM', rahasyamaya vastunuM suzliSTa AyeAjane dAkhavatuM durgezanuM "haiye bhAra', ekasthalakI akRtrima racanAvALuM umezanuM "dharakaDI', saMyojana ane lAghavanA uttama namUnArUpa umAzaMkaranuM "mArI zaikya' ane camatkAraka vaLAMkabiMdu tAkatuM caMdaravAkaranuM "piyaranA paDozI" A dAyakAnI saMvidhAnakalAnuM vaividhya dAkhavatI ekAMkI kRtio che. durgezanI raMgapradhAna taraMgalIlAvALI "pRthvInAM AMsu" jevI racanAonI bhASAzailI, kavacita nhAnAlAlanI AlaMkArikatA tarapha, kavacit tIkhA kaTAkSo tarapha ane kavacita taLapadI calaNI laDhaNe tarapha DhaLatI dalAlanI temanAM jIvanadIpa', avirAma" ane draupadIne sahakAra'mAM che tevI lAkSaNika saMvAdazailI, umAzaMkarathI mAMDIne caMdaravAkara sudhInI kevaLa taLapadI zilI, goviMda amInanI Urmila chatAM vivedI zailI ane pannAlAlanI vAstavalakSI chatAM praphulla zailI ThIka vaividhya jALave che. paraMtu ekAMkInA keTalAka lekhakee aucityavivekanuM bhAna rAkhyA vinA kevaLa pazcimI nATayakRtionI nakala karavAnuM ja cAlu rAkhyuM che te ThIka nathI thayuM. jhINI jhINI vigatothI bharelI tenA mATenI dIrghasUtrI nATathasUcIomAM,-saMvAdamAM rejanA vyavahAranI gharALuM prAdezika belIonuM vadhu paDatuM pradarzana karAvavAmAM ane udaMDa mane vyApArAnuM nibaMdhanI kakSAe pahoMce tyAM sudhI Alekhana karavAmAM ekAMkIne karyo hetu sarato haze te samajAtuM nathI. ghaNIvAra te prayogazIlatA ke navInatAnA zaMkhamAM vastunI nATocitatAnI sUjha paNa rahetI nathI.

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thayA dAyakAnA vAya para daSTipAta : saMvAdo dvArA amuka sthaLa-samayanuM vAtAvaraNa-citra AlekhyuM eTale ke ekakI thaI gayuM e kazAka khyAla temanA manamAM haze ke zuM, paNa goviMda, caMdaravAkara Adi keTalAka lekhako temanI aneka racanAomAM temanA anubhavo, taLapadA jIvananA prasaMgo ane nirIkSaNanI vigatanuM saMvAdamAM yathAtatha rUpAMtara karIne ja ekAMkImAM aTakI jAya che. kevaLa pAtronA saMvAda, prasaMganuM citraNa, praznanI carcA, ane ekAda navI ghaTanAthI tene vaLAMka eTale nATaka nahi, paNa ekAMkInA laghusvarUpanI maryAdAmAM rahIne hetune kramazaH spaSTa kare tevI pAtrakriyAo dvArA tenA svAbhAvika kramamAM vastumAMthI akRtrimapaNe phuTa thatI Urmi ke anubhUti ekAMkI nATakanuM prANatattva che e bhAvanA ApaNA sArA gaNAya tevA nATayalekhakonI kRtio paNa bhAgye janmAvI zakI che. ekAMkInuM, kaI kaI aMga temanI kRtiomAM sarasatAthI UtaryuM hoya, paNa samagra nATayakRti tenAthI saMpUrNa kalAkRtinuM svarUpa pAmI zakatI nathI. kadIka nATakano mULa vicAra ke hetu ja zithila, aspaSTa ane nirbaLa hoya che; kadIka cabarAkiyA saMvAdomAMthI AkarSaNa jamAvI nATaka viramI jAya che; kadIka nATakano upADa kuzaLatAthI thAya che to tene aMta DhIlepico ke asvAbhAvika banI jAya che; kadIka saMgharSanuM tattva jarUrI jamAvaTa karI zakatuM nathI; kadIka, ramaNalAla, meghANuM, dhUmaketumAM bane che tema, anekAMkInuM vastu ekAMkImAM pravezI jAya che, to kadIka "pArakI jaNI'mAM banyuM che tema, ekAMkInuM vastu triaMkImAM pulAvIne rajU thatuM hoya che. vaLI ApaNuM nATayakAranuM dhyAna paNa zalI, Ayojana ane svarUpanA akhatarAomAM jeTaluM rekAya che teTaluM nATakanA aMtargata saundaryasvarUpa upara maMDAtuM nathI. tethI ja atyAranAM nATakomAM jIvanasAmagrI hovA chatAM temAMthI koI viziSTa, tIvra, jIvanadarzana mAlUma paDatuM nathI. Aje vIsamI sadInA madhyAnta sudhI gujarAta prahasane, sAmAjika bedhapradhAna ane aitihAsika temaja dhArmika camatkAravALAM ja nATake umaLakAbhera vadhAvavAnI ruci batAvI che. AthI gaMbhIra prakAranAM vicArapradhAna ke vanipradhAna nATakane harakhabhera AvakAra maLato nathI. raMgabhUmi upara dhUmrasera' karatAM "chIe te ja ThIka" ane "bAraNe TakerA" karatAM eLe nahi te be lokAdarane pAtra vadhu Thare che. paNa temAM prajAcinuM prAkRta valaNa ekaluM ja javAbadAra nathI; gaMbhIra nATakomAM jIvana ane kalA vacce

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 50 10 - rahI jatuM aMtara paNa temAM kAraNabhUta che. keTalIka vAra A prakAranI zithilatA, jayaMti dalAlanA ochAyAmAM che tema, nATakanA taMtunI akhuTatA rahyAthI Ave che ane keTalIka vAra te pAtronI uktionI vadhu paDatI maghamatAthI, vastuvikAsanA utAvaLiyA aMtathI ke tenI atizaya dhvanimayatAthI ane vastunirUpaNamAM rasanI jamAvaTa nahi karI zakAyAne lIdhe AvatI hoya che. vaLI e paNa kharuM che ke kuzala ane ucca digdarzana-abhinayane sahakAra tathA samRddha takhtAne sAtha gaMbhIra ane dhvanipradhAna nATakone to atyaMta anivArya che. kemake to nATayakAranA darzanane jIvatuM ane dasyAtmaka banAve che ane prekSakonI sAmAnya ruci vRttine saMskArIne dhIre dhIre sUkSma ane vizALa banAve che. je A sumeLa bane te A dAyakAnAM dhUmrasera', "raNachoDalAla', "gharakUkaDI', haiye bhAra', jIvanadIpa' jevAM nATaka jarUra kAkarSaNa pAme. AgalA dAyakAmAM "IndukumAra aMka-3' jevuM bhAvapradhAna nATaka, "vaDalo' jevuM sarala suMdara prakRtinATaka, abhinava daSTinA saMyojanavALAM meranAM IMDA" ane "AgagADI', "sApanA bhArA', munazInAM "sAmAjika nATaka" ane "brahmacaryAzrama', tathA "padminI', "nAgA bAvA', "akho', "saMdhyAkALa", "a. sau. kumArI', "aMjanI, ItyAdi vaividhya ane dazyatA pUrAM pADe tevAM nATake prakAzana pAmyAM hatAM. enI sarakhAmaNImAM emanI joDAjoDa besI zake tevAM upara kahelAM Dajhaneka nATake A dAyake ApaNane sAMpaDyAM che. e jotAM A dAyakAnA nATayasAhitya jaththo ane guNa ubhaya dRSTie gayA dAyakAnI sAthe kadama milAvyA che ema kahI zakAya. navalakathA - have ApaNe lalita sAhityanA eka atyaMta lokapriya aMga navalakathA tarapha vaLIe. - enA UgamakALathI ja navalakathAnI jIvanakuMDaLImAM caMdra svagRhIzubhasthAne paDo jaNAya che. ethI enA sarjanArane prakAzanamAM, dhanaprAptimAM ke kAdara meLavavAmAM kadI mUMjhavaNa naDI jANa nathI. dareka dAyake enI ArAdhanA karanAra lekhaka-prakAzaka-vAcakavarga vadhato rahe emAM navAI paNa nathI; kAraNa ke paralakSA sAhityaprakArane tenA vistRta paTamAM viharavA mATenuM hAlanA yuganuM ucita kSetra sarvatra navalakathA ja banyuM che. gujarAtI temAM apavAdarUpa zA mATe hoya?

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21 gayA dAyakAnA vALamaya para daSTipAta navalakathAne sAmAnyataH ApaNe be vargamAM vaheMcIe chIeH 1. aitihAsika 2. sAmAjika. jo ke bIjI rIte vaijJAnika navala, hAsyarasika navala, kautukarAgI navala (Romances) ema paNa vibhAgo paDI zake; te paNa viSaya paratve A be vibhAgomAM navalakathAnI gaNatrI saralatAthI thaI zake. - aitihAsika ane sAmAjika navalenA vArApherA dAyake be dAyake ApaNuM sAhityamAM badalAtA rahyA jaNAya che. I. sa. 1866mAM navalakathAnAM keTalAMka lakSaNothI vibhUSita karaNaghelo' prakAzana pAmyuM tyArathI gujarAtI bhASAmAM aitihAsika navalene zaka pravaryo. I. sa. 1887mAM "sarasvatIcaMdrane prathama bhAga prasiddha thayo tyAMsudhI gujarAtI lekhako ane vAcakoe aitihAsika vArtA pratye pakSapAta batAvyo hato. "sarasvatIcaMdranA prakAzana bAda sAmAjika navalakathAne prAdhAnya maLyuM, te eTale sudhI ke aitihAsika navalonA ajoDa straSTA rA. munazIe paNa temanI AraMbhadazAmAM sAmAjika navale lakhI hatI. I. sa. 1915mAM rA. munazInI "pATaNanI prabhutA'thI punaH aitihAsika navale yuga zarU thayo ane ramaNalAlanA Agamana pachI I. sa. 1925-30 thI sAmAjika navale moTI saMkhyAmAM bahAra paDavA lAgI. Ama paristhiti Aja sudhI cAlu che ema banne prakAranI navalanI saMkhyA jotAM kahI zakAya. etihAsika navalakathA A dAyakAmAM lagabhaga pacAsa jeTalI aitihAsika navalo prasiddha thaI che. eka tarapha gujarAta, kAThiyAvADa, mevADa, mALavAnI bhUmi paranI aitihAsika ghaTanAone ke vyaktivizeSone te bIjI tarapha bhAratane vedakALa, nAgalake ane buddhine samaya, guptayuga, megala samaya, 1857nA baLavAnuM vAtAvaraNa, chellAM pacIsa varSanAM rAjakIya adilane ema vividha yugabaLane bhUmikA rUpe rAkhIne A dasakAnI aitihAsika navala racAI che. gujarAtamAM tenI paraMparA dAyakAo jUnI che; paNa A dAyake levAyeluM pramANamAM vistRta evI sthaLa-kALanI paTTInuM AlaMbana dhyAna kheMce che. | munazI, ramaNalAla, cunIlAla zAha, dhUmaketu, meghANI, guNavaMtarAya AcArya, darzaka, jayabhikhkhuM AdinI pravRtti A kSetre A dAyake paNa jArI rahI che. sva. harajIvana somaiyA, maMjulAla desAI, rAmacaMdra ThAkura, caMdrabhAI kA. bhaTTa Adi navIna lekhakoe paNa temAM pitAne phALo noMdhAvyo che.'

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thaze ane graMthakAra pu. 10 | munazIe emanI samartha zailImAM lopAmudrA' nATakanA anusaMdhAna rUpe vedakAlanI be rasika kathAo jomaharSiNa" ane "bhagavAna parazurAma' sajI che, jemAM bIjI to "rAjAdhirAja' pachInI gujarAtI sAhityanI tema munazInI zreSTha aitihAsika navalakathA che. pAtranuM vyaktitva ane vaividhya, kathAnuM ghaTTa-manahara pata, vAtAvaraNane AkarSaka uThAva, bhAvanAsaMgharSa ane jIvanadarzana ane samagra kRtinI UMcA kalAvidhAnavALI nATayAtmakatA bhagavAna parazurAmane etihAsika navalomAM UMcuM sthAna apAve che. bIjAomAMthI ramaNalAle I. sa nAM prathama pacAsa varSonA samayanuM IrAnathI mALavA ane cheka gujarAtanA tApI pradeza sudhInI bhUminuM kSitija'nA uttarArdhamAM citraNa karyuM che; AThamI sadInA mevADanA vIra bApA rAvaLanAM ItihAsa ane lekakathAne kAlabheja'mAM AlekhyAM che; ane pahADanAM puSpo'mAM mevADanA suprasiddha vIra rANuM pratApanA pitA udayasiMhanI ghaDatarakathA nirUpI che. cunIlAla zAhe pUratA etihAsika saMzodhana bAda akabaranA samayanA rUpamatI ane bAjabahAduranA jANItA praNayakissAne 'rUpamatI'mAM nirUpo che; selaMkInA astakALanI aMdhAdhUMdhInI pIThikA upara eka mahattvAkAMkSI, rASTrabhakta ane parAkramI yuvAnanI praNayakathA ekalavIra'mAM AtmakathAnI Dhabe AlekhI che; ane mULarAjaputra cAmuMDanA gAdItyAga ane teNe lIdhelI samAdhinA be etihAsika prasaMgone prakAzamAM lAvavA "nIlakaMThanuM bANu" nAmanI kalpanApradhAna aitihAsika navala racI che. sva. meghANIe teramI sadInA vastupALa-tejapALane gujarAtane punaruddhAra sarjatA "gujarAtane jaya" khaMDa-2 mAM batAvyA che. caulAdevIthI zarU thayelI dhUmaketunI solaMkI yuganI yazagAthA "rAjasaMnyAsinI' "karNAvatI' vAcinIdevI', "jayasiMha siddharAja', "siddharAja jayasiMha', 'avaMtInAtha Adi navalo dvArA A dAyake AgaLa vistarI che. guNavaMtarAya AcAryo soraThe mahamada taghalakhane Apele parAjaya AlekhatI "vatanane sAda', ane ardha ItihAsa ane lekakathAnuM mizraNa karatI "giranArane khoLe' racI che tathA I. sa. 1707 thI AraMbhAyelA hindu rAjyanuM punarutthAna ane hiMdu prajAnA ghaDataramAM gujarAtane hisso batAvavAnA AzayathI "senApati" navalathI eka navalamALA paNa zarU karI che. be hajAra varSa pahelAMnAM siMdhutIranAM gaNarAjyanA samayamAM DUbakI mAratI ane tatkAlIna prajAsattAnI gauravakathA

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para daSTipAta AlekhatI 'dIpanirvANa dazaka ApI che. dhArmika kathAvastune navalasvarUpamAM vaNatI RSabhadeva', "maharSi metAraja', "masyagalAgala Adi temaja vikramAditya hemU', "bhAgyanirmANa "premabhakta kavi jayadeva" Adi kathAo jayabhikhkhae caTakadAra saMskRtamaya zailImAM nirUpI che. rAmacaMdra ThAkure AmrapAlI" ane "mIrAM premadIvAnI'mAM prasiddha nAyikAono jIvanajhaMjhAvAta ane premazraddhA AlekhyAM che. maMjulAla desAIe "bhagavAna cANakyanuM pitAnI daSTie darzana karAvyuM che. caMdrabhAI kA. bhaTTe 'pa7ne dAvAnaLamAM baLavAnuM romAMcaka vAtAvaraNa AlekhyuM che. A uparAMta dhanazaMkara tripAThIe ane nautama sAhityavilAsIe paNa aitihAsika navale lakhI che. chellAM pacIsa varSanI aitihAsika ghaTanAone viSaya banAvatI ke tenuM vAtAvaraNa AlekhatI "baMdIghara (darzaka)', "aNakhUTa dhArA '(azvinIkumAra), prabhu padhAryA' ane 'kALacakra" (meghANI), "jhaMjhAvAta' bhA. 1-2 (ramaNalAla), "kAjaLa koTaDI" (Izvara peTalIkara), pAdaranAM tIratha" dhImu ane vibhA(jayaMtI dalAla), 'ghuvaDa belyuM" (niru desAI), "dezadrohI' (sva. "pra.'), "bhabhUkatI javALA' (rAmu amIna) Adi kalpanApradhAna navalakathAo A dAyake prasiddha thaI che. emAM AjhAda hiMda phojanA bahAdurIbharyA maraNiyA raNujage janmAvelI "kadama kadama baDhAye jA" ane "adhUrA pherA' jevI navale paNa samAveza pAmI zake. AgalA dAyakAnI UMcI kakSAnI aitihAsika navale "jaya somanAtha', karmayogI rAjezvara ', "rAjahatyA', "avaMtInAtha', "dariyAlAla', 'jagatanA maMdiramAM', "jaLasamAdhi", "bhArelo agni', "kSitija' (pUrvArdha), "soraTha tArAM vahetAM pANI', "caulAdevI" ne "baMdhana ane mukita -nI haroLamAM A dAyakAnI "rUpamatI' " ekalavIra" "gujarAtane jaya" khaMDa-2, karNAvatI " "avaMtInAtha" (dhUmaketu), "maharSiNa" "vatanane sAda " "dIpanirvANu" "jIvananuM jhera" "bhagavAna cANakaya" "AmrapAlI' "masyagalAgala' Adi navalakathAo guNadaSTie sthAna pAme. "prabhu padhAryA" baMdIghara' ane "aNakhUTa dhArA" ne gujarAtanI kalpanApradhAna aitihAsika navalemAM gauravabharyuM sthAna maLe. Ama saMkhyA ke guNavattAmAM aitihAsika navala paratve A dAyake gayA dAyakAthI jarA paNa Utare te nathI. A etihAsika navalemAM praNaya, vIra, addabhuta ke karUNa jevA rasonuM temaja sthaLa kALa ane pAtronuM vaividhya mugdha kare tevuM che. paricita ke -

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graMtha ane graMthakAra para 10 ajANyA ItihAsa-pradezamAMthI ISata vastu ke nAnakaDo pAtrasamUha upADI laIne tenI AsapAsa pitAnI priya bhAvanA phalita kare tevI addabhuta ane romAMcaka ghaTanAonI gUMthaNI karavI tathA pitAnI kalpanAne gamatAM pAtro cItarI kaMIka jAsUsakathAne, kaMIka yuddhakathAne, kaMIka praNayakathAne ane kaMIka rASTrabhaktinI bhAvanAne rasa cakhADavo e ApaNuM aitihAsika navalakathAkArAnI sAmAnya Adata thaI paDI che. munazI e paraMparAmAM agraja che ane dhUmaketu anuja che. sarva aitihAsika navalakAre jAyeajANya paNa munazInA ghaNAkharA kasabone apanAve che. kriyAzIla, catura ane saMjogonA svAmI jevAM tejadAra pAtro, jijJAsApaSaka ane vardhaka ghaTanAo tathA kriyAo, rasika kAvyamaya varNane, samakAlIna bhAtIgaLa vAtAvaraNa, ane e badhAMnI vacamAM rASTraprema, kartavyaniSThA, pratijJApAlana, * svArpaNa ane anya gauravazIla bhAvanAonAM camakatAM binduo mUkavAM- ema navalakathAne AkarSakatA arpavAmAM ApaNuM navalakAro ghaNuMkharuM munazInI kathAone Adarza sthAne rAkhatA jaNAya che. alabatta lekhakone pitAne vyaktitva, temanI kRtione munazInInAthI nirALI batAve che. cunIlAla zAhanI kRtiomAM romAMcaka ane addabhuta prasaMge paNa gaMbhIra ane svastha relImAM ja AlekhAya che. vArtA mATe ItihAsanI bhUmikA nakkara hakIkatonA laMbANathI ane kavacita te zuSka lAge teTalI pracuratAthI paNa teo nirUpe che. kriyAne Avega temanI kathAomAM hamezAM maMda hoya che. guNavaMtarAya AcArya lakhAvaTamAM munazInI asarakArakatA lAvavA mathe che paNa patrakAranI Adata temane cheDatI nahi hovAthI temanI zailI ghaNIvAra chApAMLavI koTinI, uparachalI ane akAraNa Urmila banI bese che. temanAM pAtronI Urmio, bhAvanAo tathA kriyAo ghaNI vAra nATakI lAge che. dhUmaketu bhAvanAzIla vAtAvaraNane solaMkI yuganI kathAomAM chAvaravAne saphaLa prayatna kare che. vAtAvaraNa jamAvatI varNanakalA ane caMcaLa, ustAda pAtrone sarjana munazInI jema temane hAtha besI gayela che. paNa temanI kathAomAM saMdharSanuM tattva tenA svAbhAvika kramamAM nahi pragaTatAM jAsusakathAonI jema pUrvayojita kasaba anusAra buddhinA dAvapeca dekhADavA ja hAjara thatuM hoya ema jaNAya che. ramaNalAla ane meghANI A dAyake pitAnI rUDha vArtApaddhatithI AgaLa vadhyA jaNAyA nathI.

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para dRSTipAta ApaNA aitihAsika navalakArA rAjakhaTapaTA, bhedanAM tattvA, ma`trIonI mutsaddIgIrI ane parAkramA, rAjyAnAM AkramaNA zArIrika, sAhasA ane suMdarIne varavA-varAvavA mATenAM rAjasI ne tAmasI dha NAthI AgaLa vadhIne sUkSma, AMtara saMdha'nuM nirUpaNa kema nahi karatA hoya ? aitihAsika navalakathAmAM AMtarika saMdha rasavattAnI kaiATie na pahoMcI zake evuM temanuM dhAravuM haze? itihAsa mAtra AvAM khAdya rAjasI tAnAM ja dha NAthI bharele che evA keAI khyAlamAM teo aTavAtA haze ? ekAda sAla'kI ane guptayuganA zauryanI 'sAtUsI, pratijJApAlana, buddhinI caturAI, dezabhakti, vaphAdArI ke evA anya cuNA khatAvavA sivAya aitihAsika dhaTanAonu anyathA kazuM mahattva nahi heAya? jo Ama hAya teA itihAsane khyAla ane aitihAsika navalakathAnI zaktinI sabhAvanA vize ApaNe seA va. pAchaLa chIe. 5 A teA thaI ApaNA sakAnI dRSTi vizenI phariyAda. itihAsanA kyAtaMtunA vaNATa vize bIjI phariyAda che. jema jema kRtinI kalAmAM yAMtrikatA ane kasaba pravezatAM jAya tema tema kRtiomAM geADavAtAM vividha rasAnAM kRtrima cAkaDAM te prAtraprasaMgeAnI muddhiyeAjita hAramALA anAka ka ja lAgatAM rahevAnAM. vanAmAM rezamAMcanuM tattva bheLavavAthI rasajamAvaTa thatI nathI. vIr ke adbhuta rasa pUyaeNAjita akasmAtAnI paraparAvALI prasa`gadhaTanAomAM buddhibaLayukta saMvAdo ke bhedI camatkAra AlekhavAthI ja niSpanna thatA nathI. UlaTuM, AvA buddhithI upajAvelA kasame kRtinA bIjA-trIjA vAcane khullA paDI jatAM muTTA paDI jAya cheH sihatu` cAmaDuM eDhIne ziyALa vananeA rAjA banavAnA prayatnA karatuM hAya, evI temAMnI anAvaTI racanA lAge che. rasakalA samagra AtmAnI kalA hAvAthI emAMthI jIvaMta prANatattvanA sava aMkuro ekIsAthe phUTI nIkaLI bhItaramAM eka maneAhara savAdI saMgIta upAve che. uttama kalA vadhu ne vadhu parAmaze kArIgarInuM geApana karI uttarAttara vizeSa rasAnaMda Ape che. ghaNIkharI aitihArsika navalA sAmAnya sTaMTa philmA'nA bhAsa Ape che te A kAraNe. sAhityasarjanamAM itihAsa tA eka nimitta mAtra che: sananuM te khAdya kAraNa che. sarjananu` AMtara kAraNa te| kalAmAtranA sarjananuM je aMtara kAraNa hAya te ja che. ApaNI aitihAsika navalAmAM itihAsa sajjainanuM AMtara kAraNu khanI kheThA che. ethI navalakathAmAM kAM te itihAsanI gna. 4

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu10 vikRti thAya che ke kAM te ItihAsanI sthaLa vigatone ja vaLagI rahevAnuM valaNa dAkhala thAya che. pariNAme aitihAsika navale jAsUsathAo ke prAcIna sthaLasamayanA paTa upara racAtI kevaLa praNayakathAo ja banI rahe che. emAM kutUhalapeSaNa ke manoraMjana sivAya bhAgye ja bIjuM koI tattva jaNAya che. jIvananuM kAI vyApaka satya ke UMDuM rahasya temAMthI nIkaLI AvatuM nathI. itihAsane uparachalI daSTie joI jaI tene pitAnI priya kaMISTa bhAvanAenuM vAhana banAvyA karatAM tatkAlIna mAnavajIvanane, tenAM vRtti-valaNa ane pravRttine temaja tenAM rahasyo ukelatI ghaTanAone UMDe, tulanAtmaka, taTastha abhyAsa karyA bAda temAMthI preraNuM laI pitAnI sarjakatAne svataMtrapaNe viharavA devI joIe. | sAmAjika navalakathA A dAyakAmAM lagabhaga 125 jeTalI maulika sAmAjika navalakathAo prakAzana pAmI. che, je batAve che ke sAmAjika navalakathA aitihAsika karatAM vizeSa kapriya che. - emAMnI keTalIka grAmasamAjane sparze cheH ("maLelA jIva', "janama TIpa', "mAnavInI bhavAI', vagere); keTalIka Adhunika zaherI samAja ane zikSaNanuM pratibiMba pADe che (be mitro', "kaLiyuga', "vanavAsa', "phUTelAM suvarNapAtro', "viSacakra', "chAyAnaTa', "parivartana", "bhAIbIja ', adhUruM jIvana' vagere); theDIka nArItvanA ujajavala aMzane lakSanArI che ( "vikAsa', "caMdA', "mArI haiyAsagaDI" "dharatIne avatAra, "niveditA" vagere); ane ghaNI badhI dAmpatyapraNayatrikoNanA viSayamAM rAce che. A uparAMta saMyukta kuTuMbajIvanane prazna "tapovanamAM, harijaneno prazna mAnavatAnAM mUla'mAM, mavAlI jIvanane citAra "punarAgamana'mAM, vezyAnuM chevane "citrAMgadA" ane "mArA vinA nahi cAlemAM, bahAravaTiyAonI mAnavatA ane khamIra "pAtALa kuvo' vageremAM, piolIsa taMtranI pikaLatAnuM citraNa bIjala'mAM, rajavADI khaTapaTanuM Alekhana pAchale bAraNemAM, ane zaheranA zrImaMta bhadra samAjanuM "kadalIvanamAM jovA maLe che. "sarI jatI retI' jevI kaI kaI navala kevaLa jinsI bhAvaceSTAonI chabIo pADavA ja jANe AlekhAI che, te "kAjaLa koTaDI" jevI keTalIka 1947thI lagabhaga Aja sudhInI samayapaTTI para lekajIvananuM pratibiMba jhIle che. uparAMta "zodhamAM (sva. ramaNabhAI), laMbodara zarmA

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gayA dAyakAnA vamaya para daSTipAta ane "AzAvarI jevI hAsyarasika kathAo, "adhUruM svapna" ne "suvAsinI' jevI vijJAnaviSayaka navale ane thoDIka jAsUsakathAo paNa A dAyake pragaTa thaI che. "vyAjane vArasa', "yauvana', "kadalIvana', "jigara ane amI' ane sane 2005 sudhInA vizvajIvananI kalpanA karatI "pralaya jevI kautukaraMgI navale, "tapavana" "lakhyA lekha" "traNa pAMkhaDI " "sahAga' "vilocanA' jevI praznapradhAna navale, "mAnavInI bhavAI" ne "janamaTIpa' jevI pAtrapradhAna navale, "pAchale bAraNe" "kaLiyuga' jevI vAtAvaraNapradhAna navale navala prakAranuM vaividhya dekhADI Ape che. zailInI bAbatamAM pannAlAlamAM munazI-meghANI-selInAM saphaLatA samarthatAthI pragati karatAM mAlUma paDe che, te peTalIkaranI navalomAM ramaNalAlazailI vikasatI jovA maLe che. cunIlAla zAha temanI svastha ane haju zailImAM paNa sAruM rasatattva lAvI zakyA che, jyAre varmA-paramAre khaMDita kalevare"mAM, lAkSaNika kaTAkSazailIno saphaLa prayoga karI batAvyo che. maDiyA, pItAMbara paTela, azvinIkumAra, yazodhara mahetA, vinodinI nIlakaMTha AdinI zailImAM raMgadarzitA dhyAna kheMce che. Ama viSaya, prakAra ane zailI paratve A dAyakAnuM sAmAjika navalakathAnuM sAhitya ThIka ThIka mAtabara che. temAMthI maLelA jIva', "janamaTIpa', "khaMDita kalevaro', "aNakhUTa dhArA" "tapovana' e pAMca navale sarjakatA ane hetunI daSTie chellI pacIsInI prathama paMktinI navalamAM sthAna pAme tema che. ane "mAnavInI bhavAI' to samagra gujarAtI navalasAhityanuM eka prANavAna pupa che. gayA dAyakAnA sAmAjika navalakAro paikI ramaNalAla, meghANI, cunIlAla zAha, guNavaMtarAya AcArya, Idra vasAvaDA, harajIvana samaiyA, sopAna, rAmanArAyaNa nA. pAThaka, jayaMtI dalAla, nIru desAI, saujanya, mastaphakIra, aMbAlAla zAha, ramaNIka dalAla A dAyake navAM prakAzane laIne Ave che. paNa navIna lekhakonI saMkhyA temanAthI jhAjhI jaNAya che. pannAlAla, peTalIkara, bacubhAI zukala, goviMdabhAI amIna, maDiyA, azvinIkumAra, jayamalla paramAra-niraMjana varmA, vinodinI nIlakaMTha, pItAMbara paTela, yazodhara mahetA, dhIrajalAla zAha, caMdulAla dalAla, premazaMkara bhaTTa, prANalAla munazI, radhunAtha kadama, ramaNa vakIla, caMdaravAkara, naMdakumAra pAThaka, .

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zatha ane graMthakAra pu10 rAjahaMsa, kRSNalAla zAha, ucharaMgarAya ojhA, divyAnaMda, prabaMdha mahetA, jaTubhAI mahetA Adi pacIsathI ya vadhu lekhakee A dAyake navalakathAnA kSetramAM rItasara prathama praveza karyo che. A badhAmAMthI sarjaka tarIke kALanA pravAhamAM keTalA taratA raheze ane nirNaya te bhaviSya karaze, paNa kharI sarjanazakti ane anubhavasamRddhi batAvanArA pannAlAla ane peTalIkaranuM bhaviSya UjaLuM che e to emanI navalasaMkhyA ane temAMnI guNasaMpattie kyAranuM ya batAvI dIdhuM che. pannAlAla ane peTalIkara A dAyakAnA zreSTha navalakAre che. beu lekhako gAmaDAmAMthI Ave che ane grAmajIvananA apakSa anubhavanA niceDarUpe vividharaMgI navale ane navalikAo race jAya che. baMnenI kRtio gujarAtanA grAmavAtAvaraNane navalakathAmAM tAdaza kare che. grAmavAsI mAnanAM haiyAMne bane apUrva kauzalathI khullAM karI batAve che. ane gAmaDAnA lekanI raheNIkaraNI, rItinIti, vaTavahevAra, IrSyAdveSa, kalaha-kaleza, AnaMdapramoda ityAdinuM nakasadAra citra upasAvI zake che ane dharatInI sugaMdhavALI grAmabolI dvArA dhArI asara upajAvI zake che. peTalIkaranI viziSTatA reja-ba-rojanA jivAtA jIvananA praznonI sudhAraka daSTie carcA karavAmAM ane kathanapaddhatinA vividha AkarSaka prayogo karavAmAM rahelI che, te pannAlAlanI vizeSatA vAstava jIvananA nirUpaNa dvArA vyApaka mAnavatA phalita karI batAvavAmAM rahelI che. banne lekhake pAtranuM UMDuM manovizleSaNa saphaLa paNe karI zake che. paraMtu pannAlAlanuM kalAphalaka peTalIkaranA karatAM vadhAre vizALa ane udAtta che. banne haju pragati karI rahyA che. govardhanarAma, munazI ane ramaNalAle pADelI gujarAtI navalakathAnI ucca praNAlikAne A be lekhake pitAnI kalAsAdhanA dvArA TakAvI rAkhaze ema kahIe te khoTuM nathI. jUnAomAMthI ramaNalAlanI sarjakatAnAM have vaLatAM pANI jaNAya che. meghANe A duniyAmAM have rahyA nathI. munazI sAmAjika vijyone sparzatA nathI. guNavaMtarAya AcArya emanI maryAdAone vaTAvI zakatA nathI. paNa cunIlAla zAha, darzaka ane jayaMti dalAla-e AgalA jUthamAMthI, ane cunIlAla maDiyA, azvinIkumAra, jayamalla paramAra, geviMda amIna, pItAMbara paTela, yazodhara mahetA ane vidinI nIlakaMTha e pachInA jathamAMthI, navalakathAnI kalAnI jarA vadhu kaDaka upAsanA kare te A kSetre * phAvI zake tema che.

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gayA dAyakAnA vamaya para daSTipAta guNavaMtarAya AcAryanI ghaNIkharI ane vyAjano vArasa", "surabhi', yauvana", "kaLiyuga', "chAyAnaTa ', pAvakajvALA' jevI anya navalemAM sInemAnAM kathAnakenI zailInI chAyA vadhu jovAmAM Ave che. emAM jIvananI svAbhAvikatAnuM pramANa ochuM ane nATakIpaNanuM pramANa hadathI jyAde evuM A asare ja banyuM che. sudhArAnA mArgonuM sUcana karIne vAcakane e viSe vicAra karatA karavAnA hetuthI lakhAyelI dhyeyalakSI sAMsArika kathAonI saMkhyA A dAyake ghaTI nathI. pAtronA mane vizleSaNa, camakadAra kathanarIti ane ghaTanAonI suvyavasthita AnupUrvI dvArA jIvananA anubha ke avalokanone rajU karavAnI hikamata gayA dAyakA karatAM A dAyakAnA navalakAe ekaMdare savizeSa dAkhavI che, paNa bIjI tarapha vAstavalakSitAne nAme kAmalelupatAnAM, vyabhicAranAM ane strIpuruSa vaccenA mAMdalA jAtIya bhAvonAM amaryAdita citro paNa A gALAnI navalemAM ubharAyAM che. jyAM juo tyAM prema ja prema! e sivAya nathI te lekhakone kaMI lakhavuM sUjhatuM ......... surabhi'nI nAyikA pAse pannAlAle bolAveluM A vAkya ApaNuM ghaNAkharA lekhake mATe sAcuM TharyuM che. Ane artha e nathI ke navalakathAmAM praNayanAM, zaMgAraceSTAnAM ke strIpuruSanAM jAtIya AkarSaNenAM citro na Ave. paNa Ave to sAbhiprAya, anivArya hoya tyAM ja Ave : kAmaceSTAmAM rasa levAnI vRttithI nahi, jIvananA keI sarvavyApI vicAra ke bhAvane mUta karavAnA hetuthI te Ave; Ave te sarjakanA kalAsaMyamamAM kasAIne Ave, eTaluM ja sUcavavAne hetu che. alakakizorI ane sarasvatIcaMdravALA prasaMgamAM jAtIya vikAranuM citraNa keTalI nAjukAIthI thayuM che. gujarAtano nAtha'mAM "uSAe zuM joyuM?" e prakaraNamAM rasasamAdhi caDe tevuM citrapaTa nathI racAyuM? A dAyakAnI navalemAM AlekhAyelA jIvana ane guMthAyelA praznonI bArIka tapAsa karIe to temAM AgalA dAyakAthI khAsa kAI navIna ta mAluma paDaze nahi. pazcimanA sAhitya, vartamAna keLavaNIe, jagatamAM UThelA navavicAranAM mojAe ApaNuM vaiyaktika ane sAmAjika jIvanamAM je jhaMjhA utpanna karI che tenuM sAkSAta pratibiMba ApaNuM sAMsArika navalomAM AgalA dAyakAnI jema paDe che. premIo, daMpatIo, sAthe rahetAM

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 kuTuMbI jano, kheDUte, majuro, bahAravaTiyAo, vezyAo, achUte AdinAM jIvanagharSaNanAM citro te be dAyakAo jUnAM che. paraMtu e sarvamAM madhyabiMdue rahetI Adhunika jIvananI viSamatA, yuddhotara paristhitie palaTAvela vyaktinAM sAmAjika ane naitika jIvanadhoraNa temaja lokamAnasa ane dRSTi emAM khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. bhAvanAmaya daSTikoNathI AlekhAyelAM saMsAracitro emAM nathI maLatAM ema nahi, paNa lekhakone strI-puruSa saMbaMdhane samajavAne nUtana dRSTikeNa, sAmAjika rItarasamo paratve jhaDapathI badalAyelI vicArazreNI, vaijJAnika draSTine nAme jAtIya AkarSaNane puraskAra ane gunA-pApa-vikRtinuM kAraNa samAjanI nAgacUDa, Arthika bhIMsa, zAsana paddhati, paraMparita vArasa, bacapaNanA saMskAra ke ajJAna che evuM vicAravalaNa saMsAranuM bhAvanAmaya karatAM vAstavika darzana ja vadhAre karAve che. A dAyakAnA sAhityamAM samakAlIna jIvananuM sauthI vadhu gheruM ane pUrNa pratibiMba jhilAyuM hoya to te kAvya ke nATakamAM nahi paNa navalakathA ane navalikAnA sAhityaprakAromAM navalakathAnA kalAvidhAnane vikAsa A dAyakAmAM ThIka thayo gaNAya. vastunI AkarSaka mAMDaNa, vArtAnA madhya bhAga sudhI vadhate rahete kathArasa, prasaMgonA prakAzamAM pAtronA cAritryanuM kramazaH thatuM sphaTIkaraNa, yogya vAtAvaraNane uDAva, nATayAtmaka prasaMgenuM ghaDatara, sthaLa-pAtrane anurUpa rasALa gadyazailI bhAvapaSaka cabarAkiyA saMvAda ane saMgharSa tane A saMbhAra A dAyakAnI sArI gaNAya tevI pacIseka navalakathAomAM pratIta thAya che. tema chatAM "mAnavInI bhavAI', maLelA jIva', "janamaTIpa', "khaMDita kalevaro" ane "aNakhUTa dhArA" jevI pAMceka navalakathAo sivAyanInA aMta utAvaLiyA ane zithila mAlUma paDe che. pAtronuM vartana, bhAvasaMdharSaNa ke prasaMgayojanA anyathA sArI navalenA uttarArdhamAM paNa asaMbaddha ke banAvaTathI dAkhala karyA hoya tevAM kRtrima jaNAya che. A dAyakAnA keTalAka navalakathAkArenuM ghaDatara gAmaDAmAM thayuM hovAthI grAmajIvananuM bhAtuM temaNe sArI peThe bAMdhyuM che. tethI grAmadharatInAM vastu ane pAtro sAthe temanAM paheraveza, bolI, rItarasama, svabhAva ane jIvanapraznonuM nirUpaNa vAtAvaraNane vaphAdAra rahIne temaNe karI batAvyuM che. prAdezika bolIonI zakti, mArmikatA ane rasavattA temaNe temanI kRtio dvArA siddha karI batAvyAM che ane gujarAtI sAhityane ghaNu navA

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gayA dAyakAnA vamaya para daSTipAta aparicita chatAM viziSTa baLavALA, arthasuMdara saceTa zabdaprayogonI tenI vividha laDhaNo sameta lahANa karI che. gujarAtI gadyane A zabdoe navI chaTA ne baLa ApyAM che. ' paNa vividha jillAonI taLapadI belIone kalAkRtiomAM upayoga temanuM aucitya ne saundaryakSamatA jALavIne ja thAya ane kevaLa prAdezika bolInA lahekA ke zabdanI navInatAnA mohathI lalacAI lekhaka sAdhanane sAdhya banAvI devAnI pAyAnI bhUlanA bhoga na thaI paDe te sAruM, eTale te atireka pratye aMgulinirdeza karavo joIe. viSayane mATe navAM navAM jIvanakSetro tarapha navIna lekhakonuM dhyAna kheMcAtuM gayuM che. paNa Alekhya viSayane ekasAIvALe, UMDe ane sarvAgI abhyAsa badhA navalalekhakone hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. vAstavalakSI navalamAM vastunI rajUAtamAM je cIvaTa, hetu ne AmUla pakaDa phenca ke raziyana navala batAve che, pAtramAnasa parivartana ke prasaMgaghaTanAnI yojanAmAM je svAbhAvikatA ne saTatA aMgrejI ke amerikana navalamAM jovA maLe che te gujarAtImAM jaja ja jovA maLe che. viSayanI bAbatamAM paNa hajI ghaNu badhA akSuNuM pradeza paDelA che. asAdhya rogothI khavAtA jatA regIone jIvanapradeza, pUratuM jIvanapaSaNa nahi meLavI zakavAne lIdhe akALe karamAtA ke vikRta vRttiovALA banI besatAM bALakone pradeza, nArInAM svamAna, teja ne paraspara AMtarika virodhI lAgaNIothI ghaDAtA svataMtra vyaktitvane pradeza, gUDha rahasyavAdI philasUphInAM paDa (Mystic) ukelato adhyAtma jIvanane pradeza, kavio-kalAkAronAM UMDAM maMthana saMvedane ane jIvanavyApArone Alekhata pradeza, janmathI mUMgAM AMdhaLAM pAgala gunegAra ane anItinA dhaMdhA calAvanArAMnI vAstavika manovyathAo, mAnasapravRttio ane jIvanasaMgharSane pradeza, ane AvA te aneka viSayo sarjakanI ka95nA pAMkhe besIne avataraNa pAmavAnA hajI bAkI che. bhAtabhAtanA lekanA jIvanamAM raheluM vaividhya ne viziSTatva ane tene athaDAtAM havApANI ane khaDakhetaranuM avalokanamanana satata karatA rahI te upara sarjakazakti ane ka95nA pAMkhanA baLa vaDe manohara zilparacanA ApaNuM lekhakoe karatA rahevuM joIe. maulika sarjakatA jyAM sudhI evuM uttama baLa prApta na kare tyAMsudhI jagatanI mahAna ziSTa navalakathAonA anuvAda ApaNI bhASAmAM thayAM. kare e IcchavA jevuM che.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 50 10 navalikA navalakathA karatAM navalikAnuM kaLAsvarUpa ApaNe tyAM moDuM ghaDAyuM hovA chatAM TUMkA gALAmAM tenI pragati jhaDapathI thaI che. navalikAnI lokapriyatAnAM vividha kAraNe AgaLa dharavAmAM Ave che ane pratyeka na lekhaka TUMkI vArtA upara te hAtha ajamAvavAno tathA pratyeka dainika ke sAmayikane vArtA vinA te cAle nahi ja evI rasama paDelI che. tema chatAM navalikAsaMgrahonI saMkhyA navalakathAnAM pustake karatAM A dAyake vadhavA pAmI nathI tenuM zuM kAraNa haze ? zrI. dhUmaketu jevA siddhahasta navalikAkAra paNa navalakathAnA kSetramAM ja ghUmatA rahyA che ane janI vArtAone ekatrita. karI tenA cAreka saMgraho chapAvavA sivAya bIjI rIte navalikAne temaNe ochI rIjhavI che. zuM sAmAnya janasamUhane mAtra be ghaDInA vicAravinoda khAtara ja navalikA pAse javuM nahi gamatuM hoya ? tene jIvananA moTA paTa upara viharatAM pAtronI sRSTi vizeSa priya haze ? aneka ghaTanAo, pAtra, varNane, saMdharSonI phUlagUMthaNInuM sAhitya jALavatA rasapravAhamAM tene cirakAla sudhI taNavuM haze ? vicAra ke lAgaNInA lagIra jhabakArAthI enAM rasatarasyAM hRdaya paritRpta nahi thatAM hoya? ke pachI navalakathA karatAM navalikA tenI samajazakti ane rasendriyanI sUkSmatAnI vadhu apekSA rAkhatI haze tethI? game tema, navalikA karatAM navalakathA A dAyake vizeSa lokapriya aMga karyuM che. vAraMvAra AgaLa karavAmAM AvatAM kapriyatAnAM kAraNe A paristhitimAM vAjabI TharatAM nathI. Ama kahevAne hetu navalikAnI kalA navalakathAnI karatAM sarala che ke UtaratI che evo nathI; paNa lokonI ruci dAyake dAyake kema palaTAtI rahe che te tarapha mAtra dhyAna deravAne che. A dAyake lagabhaga so jeTalA vArtAsaMgraha pragaTa thayA che, je saMkhyA gayA dAyakA karatAM A dAyake navalikAne pravAha dhIme vahe che ema sUcave che. chellAM dasa varSa daramyAna prativarSe, navalikAone phAla, vAtAvaNa anukULa hovA chatAM, pramANamAM Utarata ja te jaNAve che. siddhahasta navalikAnavezanA keTalAka saMgraha maLyA che; paNa lekhakoe agAu raLelI kIrtimAM te kaze vadhAre karatA nathI. UlaTAnuM 'AkAzadIpa, "aMtarAya" "rasabiMdu', 'direkanI vAta-bhAga ', "unnayana' ane sUryA' jevA vArtAsaMgrahe temanA lekhakenA agAunA saMgrahonI apekSAe

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thayA dAyakAnA vAya para daSTipAta sAmAnya jaNAya che. jUnA ane pIDha vArtAlekhakoe kaI kaI sarasa vArtAo ApI nathI evuM nathI; paNa ekaMdare e peDhIe A dAyamanA navalikAsAhityamAM kazuM navIna prasthAna karyuM dekhAtuM nathI. zrI. dhUmaketukRta "AkAzadIpa', "parizeSa ', "vanayA" ane. meghabiMdu'; dvirephakRta "dvirephanI vAto" bhA. 3; ramaNalAlakRta "rasabiMdu' tathA, "kAMcana ane geru'; suMdaramakRta "unnayana', umAzaMkarakRta "aMtarAya; meghANIkRta "vilepana" "mANasAInA dIvA" ane "raMga che bAroTa'; gulAbadAsa brokaranA "vasuMdharA', "sUryA" "ane UbhI vATe'; cunIlAla: zAhane "rUpAne ghaMTa'; gu. AcAryane "taraMga'; sopAnane traNa pagalAM'; vinodarAya bhaTTakRta "meghadhanuSa' ane 'ene paraNavuM hatuM, rasikalAla cho. parIkhakRta "jIvananAM vaheNe '; "cAgharanA lekhakamaMDaLe pragaTa karela tene bIjo bhAga --A che junA navalikAkAro pAsethI A dAyake maLelA navA navalikAsaMgrahe. AmAMthI "parizeSa', "mANasAInA dIvA', 'vilopana', "UbhI vATe', tathA "kAMcana ane geru' jevA vArtAsaMgraha A dAyakAnAM noMdhapAtra prakAzano gaNAya. A dasa varSamAM keTalAka navIna AzAspada vArtAlekhake A kSetrane sAMpaDyA te pannAlAla paTela, Izvara peTalIkara, cunIlAla maDiyA, jayaMtI dalAla, snA khaMDeriyA, bAbubhAI vaidya, umedabhAI maNiyAra, muralI. ThAkura, caMdulAla paTela, darzaka, sva. harajIvana somaiyA, ramaNalAla sonI,. harikRSNa vyAsa, jayabhikhu, satyama, Indra vasAvaDA, azoka harSa, Do. jayaMta khatrI, bakuleza, niru desAI, prazAnta, pUrNAnaMda bhaTTa, devazaMkara mahetA, prahalAda brahmabhaTTa, makanajI paramAra, kAntilAla parIkha, araviMda zAstrI, raNajita zeTha, varmA-paramAra, vrajalAla meghANI, nAthAlAla dave, svamastha, surendra tripAThI ane umeza kavi. A pAMtrIsathI ya vadhu. navA lekhako taraphathI ekaMdare lagabhaga 60 jeTalA vArtAsaMgraha maLyA che.. vArtAlA, jIvanatatvanI pakaDa, zabda-sAmarthya, rasaniSpatti ane prayogavidhyanI daSTie uparanA navIna lekhakomAMthI panAlAla, peTalIkara, maDiyA ane jayaMtI dalAla vizeSa zaktivALA jaNAyA che. snA khaMDeriyA, maNiyAra, muralI ThAkura, bAbubhAi, raNajita zeTha Adi jANe ajANe dhUmaketu --- meghANInI vArtAzailIne anusare che. paNa navIna lekhakone mATe bhAga bahudhA dvirepha-umAzaMkara-suMdaramanI zailI caM. 5

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 tarapha kheMcAyA hoya ema lAge che. A dAyakAnA svataMtra zailInA juvAna lekhake paikI janAomAMthI umAzaMkara, suMdarama, brokara, mANeka, jitubhAI mahetA ane kizanasiMha tathA navAomAMthI pannAlAla, peTalIkara, maDiyA ane dalAla have pachInA dAyakAmAM navalikAnA sAhityaprakArane sara karI jAya te navAI nahi. dhUmaketu ane temanuM anukaraNa karanArAo upara kenca vArtAkAra mapAsAne, te direpha-umAzaMkara ane temane anusaranArAo upara raziyana vArtAkAra cekhAvane prabhAva paDyo hato. paNa have, juvAna UgatA lekhamAM amerikana vArtAkAra sAreyona vizeSa priya thato jAya che. A dAyake maLelA vArtAsaMgrahamAMnI keTalIka vArtAo AgalA dAyakAmAM lakhAyelI che. keTalIka paurANika kathAo, bedhakathAo ke kizorakathAo che. keTalAka lekhakoe kalAdraSTithI nahi-samAjahitaiSI, zaikSaNika ke nIti dharma ane sadAcAra phelAvavAnA hetuthI vArtAo lakhI che. A dAyakAnI kalAtmaka navalikAo jIvananI vicitratAo ane viSamatAone vadhu sparzatI rahI che. "suMdarama'nI "khelakI" ane "mAne khoLe" ane nira desAInI "bhale mANasa" jevI kRtio nagna vAstavavAdanI lAkSaNika vArtAonuM pUruM pratinidhitva dharAve che. nakkara vAstavadarzana AjanI ghaNIkharI vArtAonA prANarUpa banI cUkyuM che. tene pariNAme jIvana pratyenI vaijJAnika dRSTi, jIvananA sarva vyApArone mAnasazAstrIya daSTie jovAnuM valaNa, madhyama ane nIcalA vargo temaja grAmasamAjanuM jhINavaTavALuM nirUpaNa, jIvananA prAkRta ane jinsI bhAvanuM pRthakkaraNa, dhIMgA vigatapracura vAtAvaraNanuM Alekhana ane jivAtA jIvanane viSaya banAvavAnuM valaNa A dAyakAnI moTA bhAganI navalikAomAM jovA maLe che. sAthe sAthe saMvidhAna ane nirUpaNanI prayogazIlatA, aMtastatva karatAM racanAkalA upara apAtuM vadhu lakSa ane rasano AsvAda karatAM vicAra ke lAgaNInAM jhabUkiyAM karAvavA tarapha raheto vadhu jhoka Adhunika navalikAne vizeSa TUMkI, svarUpasughaTita ane buddhijanya camatkAranI rekhA jevI banAve che. Ama, buddhijIvI ane prayogapUjaka yugavAtAvaraNa, viSamatA ane yAtanA tathA svArtha daMbha ane vilAsathI bharyuM Adhunika jIvana ane ceva. sAreyAna Adi paradezI vArtAkArone kalAkasaba e A navalikAkAronAM preraNa-sthAne che. A vArtAomAM vIrakathAo, AdhyAtmika premanI maMgala gAthAo, janA yuganuM darzana karAvatI aitihAsika vArtAo, kAvyakalpanAnA phuvArA

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gayA dAyakAnA vANamaya para daSTipAta uDADatI raMgadazI bhAvanAmaya vAtAvaraNapradhAna kathAo ane mAnavahRdayanI udAtta-manahara lAgaNInuM utkaTatAthI Alekhana karatI romAMcaka kahANuo nathI maLatI ema nahi, paNa te kRtio jeTaluM vAstavacitraNa karAvavA tarapha lakSa rAkhe che, teTaluM bhAvanAnuM uddabodhana karavA tarapha rAkhatI nathI. ekaMdare temAM kAvyanuM mAdhurya ke kalpanAnAM uyana nathI. temAM che vividha mAnasa, vRtti, kakSA, saMskAra ane rucinuM chabIrAgI Alekhana. emAM kyAMka marmavedhI kaTAkSa che, kyAMka sahAnubhUtibharyo daSTikoNa che, kyAMka ugratA ane tIkhAza che; kyAMka rasikatA ane navI rItinI cAMpalAza che. paNa e badhAmAM ya vyakta thatA sUra jIvananA viSAda ane nirAzAne che. hokAyaMtra vinAnuM jIvananAva jANe ke saMsAra sAgaramAM vicAramAMthI athaDAtuM kuTAtuM koI anizcita dizA tarapha dhakelAI rahyuM hoya e A dAyakAnI vArtAomAMthI jIvanane sUra saMbhaLAya che. je rahasyane vArtA dvArA lekhaka abhivyakti ApavA icche che tenI yegyAyegyatA ke balabala tapAsavAne ucita ane sthira dRSTikoNa ApaNuM ghaNuM vArtAkAramAM ja nathI. keTalIka vArtAomAM te temanA lekhakane dRSTikoNa taMdurasta paNa lAgato nathI, TUMkamAM kahIe to navI navalikA jeTalI cittane camakAvatI jAya che teTalI cittane kheMcI jatI nathI; jeTalI bhAvakane buddhipradhAna pRthakkaraNa karavA prere che teTalI tenI saMvedanAne jAgrata karatI nathI. chatAM saMvidhAnanuM kauzala nirUpaNanI svasthatA, viSaya ne rItinuM vaividhya ane varNana ne kathananI ceTa sAdhavAmAM gayA dAyakA karatAM teNe sArI pragati batAvI che. Izvara peTalIkaranI "duHkhanAM piTalAM" ane lohInI sagAI', cunIlAla maDiyAnI " kamAu dIkare" ane dvirephanI kezavarAma' A dAyakAnI sarvazreSTha navalikAo che. upasaMhAraH vItelA dAyakAnA gujarAtanA samagra sarjanAtmaka sAhitya tarapha chellI daSTi pheMkIe to temAM "ApaNI sarjakazaktie anubhavelI eTa'nAM darzana thAya che. gayA dAyakAnA ApaNuM samartha sarjake ramaNalAla, rAmanArAyaNa, dhUmaketu, suMdarama, umAzaMkara, dhanasukhalAla, guNavaMtarAya, caMdravadana, manasukhalAla Adi uttarottara caDhiyAtI kRtio ApavAne badale emanI AgalI kRtiothI UtaratI kakSAnI-kaI vAra te emane sAhityavyavasAya cAlu che eTaluM ja batAvatI kRtio pragaTa kare che te zuM batAve che ?

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thaze ane graMthakAra pu. 10 * bIjA vizvayuddhane pariNAme ke Adhunika jIvanabhasane kAraNe Ama banyuM hoya ema ghaDIbhara lAge, paNa te kAraNe saMgIna nathI. kemake sAcA . sarjakane prANa te hamezAM saMvedanazIla hoya che. sarjaka manuSya che; manuSyasahaja sarva maryAdAothI e baMdhAyeluM che e sAcuM. paNa upAdhio, yAtanAo ke bhayathI gabharAIne e sAmAnyanI jema pralobhano, svArtho ane asatyane vaza thaI jAya evuM ene vize kema mAnI zakAya ? enI saMvedanA UlaTI AvA gajagrAhathI vadhu tIvra bane; buTTI na banI jAya. kAraNa ke sAce sajaka sarvasAdhAraNa zuddha mAnavane bhakta che ane te mAnava ja tenuM rasakendra che. enuM hRdaya karuNAthI mAtabara che. enuM citta saMsArasAgaranAM aneka muMjAthI bhijAya to paNa kamalapatranA jevuM Urdhvastha ane praphulla ja sadA rahe. phrAnsa, ITalI ane raziyAe bIjA vizvayuddhanI pArAvAra bhayaMkara asara anubhavI chatAM yuddha daramiyAna e dezonI sarjanapravRtti vadhu cetanavaMtI zAthI banI ? sarjanazaktimAM AvelI oTanuM kAraNa A dAyakAnI bAhya viSama paristhitiomAM nahi, paNa sarjakamAM pitAmAM ja zodhavuM ghaTe. jIvana jIvavA, jIvanane mUlavavA, jIvananuM kharuM ne tAttvika rahasya prIchavavA kevaLa tenuM avalokana ke pRthakkaraNa karavuM basa thaze nahi. jema kevaLa lAgaNIthI nahi tema kevaLa buddhithI paNa jIvananuM satya darzana thaze nahi. e darzane Ave che sarjakanA ghaTa sAthe ghaDAI gayelI tenI umeSazAlinI jIvanazraddhAnA teNe kalAmAM anubhavela AtmasAkSAtkAramAMthI. prAcIna sarjakomAM jIvananA vyavahAra paratve, jIvananA hetu ane svarUpa paratve jevI daDha zraddhA hatI; paMDitayuganA sarjakomAM lagna, nIti, samAjajIvana ane manuSyanI UrdhvagAmI pravRttio vize je apAra anurAga hato; gAMdhIjIe AtmamaMthana ane racanAtmaka pravRttio dvArA je viziSTa darzana tatkAlIna saja'kAmAM ugADyuM hatuM emAMnuM kazuMka ke evuM kazuMka A dAyakAnA sajanI zraddhA-laganInuM adhikArI bhAgye ja banI zakayuM che. ethI A dAyakAnA ghaNAkharA sarjake kAM te phezana pramANe AgalA dAyakAnI jIvanadaSTinAM uccAraNo mAtra karyA kare che, athavA pazcimanAM vicAravalaNane taiyAra "gAuna' ja paherI le che. ekaMdare A dAyakAnA sarjanAtmaka sAhityamAMthI ciraMjIva jIvanadarzanane sthira prakAza bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. sAhityakAra jIvanathI mukta banI sAhityasegaThAM khelI nahi zake. lokapriyatA ke raMjananA kuvAmAM DUbakiyAM khAtAM khAtAM vizALa ne jaTila

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para daSTipAta jIvananuM talagAmI darzana te karI zakaze nahi. ane kAI paNa kalAsanamAM jIvana-darzonanI tUTI calAvI na levAya. badhAI gayelA cIlAonI bahAra sa`zaktie svataMtra vihAra karye ja chUTakA. sarjaka-pratibhAne jIvanakrama ane tenA saundarya preraka aMze sivAya khIjA kazAnu` baMdhana nathI. caritra 37 have vaLIe 'kalA ane zAstra baMnenAM tattvAnA sumeLavALA sAhityaprakAra caritra tarapha. ' vItelA dAyakAnA caritra-vibhAga sauthI vadhu mAtbara che. emAM nAnI mATI maLIne lagabhaga 150 kRtie pragaTa thaI che. emAM saradAra vallabhabhAinuM vistRta jIvanacaritra che te 'zukratAraka' jevuM rasALa jIvanacitra paNa che; ' aDadhe raste ' jevI sarjanAtmaka AtmakathA che te - mahAdevabhAInI DAyarI' jevI apUrva rAjanIzI paNa che; AcAya AnaMdaza'karabhAi' jevI pUjayabhAvathI nItaratI saMsmaraNu-pustikA che tA 'li. snehAdhIna medhANI ' jevuM mulAyama patrasAhitya paNa che; sAMdipanInAM (? sAMdIpaninAM ) rekhAcitro ane 'grAmacitro' jevAM vividha vargonAM pratinidhionAM rekhAcitrA che te 'AcAya praphullacaMdra raoNya' jevI TUMkI ane kheAdhaka jIvanakathA che. * enA caritranAyakeAnI sRSTi vividha kALa, deza ane kSetramAM vyApta che. svateje ghUmI vaLI peAtAnA vyaktitvane cirasmaraNIya banAvI janAra zakarAcAya thI mAMDIne bhImajI hADavaidya sudhInA vikhyAta-avikhyAta jIvananI anekadezIya sAmagrI A dAyakAnA caritrasAhityamAM sAMpaDe che. kazmIra, mIrAM ane zrImanRsiMhAcAryajI jevA satA-bhakatA, zakarAcA, mahAvIra jevA dha`saMsthApakeA, lUI-pAzcara ane maeNDama kayUrI jevA vaijJAnikA, ravizaMkara mahArAja ane meAtIbhAI amIna jevA mUka prajAsevakA, kasturabA jevI AtmasaMpatti vALI Adarza nArIe, jhAMzInI rANI lakSmIbAI, phrAnsanI raNuca'DI jona Avu Arka ane vIra subhASa jevAM krAnti-senApatie, saradAra vallabhabhAI jevA leAkhaMDI rAja-puruSa, 5. bhagavAnalAla indrajI jevA purAtattvavida, kalApI ane sAgara jevA masta kavie, navalarAma jevA dhIra vivecakaH Ama yAdI karIe teA pAra na Ave eTalI badhI vyaktionAM jIvanacaritra lakhAyelAM che. A saumAM

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graMtha ane graMthakA5 50 10 gAMdhIjI vize te pAMtrIsathI ya vadhu caritra-pustake maLe che. A dAyakAnuM kaI varSa evuM koruM nahi gayuM hoya, jemAM gAMdhIjInA caritra vizenuM koI ne koI pustaka pragaTa thayuM nahi hoya. sarvamukhI vyaktitva dharAvanAra AvA mahAna puruSanA jIvananuM pratibiMba aneka graMthomAM jhilAtuM rahe emAM kazuM Azcarya paNa nathI. paraMtu caritragraMthanuM pramANa ane caritranAyakanI sRSTinuM vaividhya jeTaluM saMtoSaprada che teTaluM caritAlekhana nathI. aNuzuddha, sarvAga saMpUrNa jIvanacaritro karatAM nAyaka vizenI caritrasAmagrIno saMgraha karanArAM ke tAravaNI dvArA taiyAra karelAM pustake ahIM vizeSa jovA maLe che. sarjanAtmaka zailImAM caritranAyakanA aMtara ane bAhya, aMgata ane jAhera jIvananAM tamAma pAsAMne AlekhIne tene samagra jIvananuM temaja tenI samakAlIna jamAnA upara paDelI ane bhAvi yuga upara paDanArI asaro batAvatuM eka paNa caritrapustaka A dAyake maLyuM nathI. pUjyabhAva, guNapUjaka buddhi ane vyaktinI jAhera jIvananI siddhiothI prerAIne tathA vAcakamAM nAyakanA guNanI pratiSThA sthApavAnA AzayathI ja hajI ghaNuMkharAM caritro lakhAtAM mAlUma paDe che. mAnavI sAmAnya vizenuM zAstrIya ane zuddha jJAna : emAMthI meLavavA Icchato vAcaka ghaNuMkharuM nirAza thato hoya che. Ama chatAM hakIkatonI ItihAsazuddha sAmagrIne vyavasthita saMgraha karatAM ane caritranAyakanA vyaktitvanAM mahatvanAM pAsAM spaSTa karatAM thoDAMka daLadAra caritrapustako A dAyake maLyAM che. emAMthI AtmalakSI be gAMdhIjInI vikAsakathA " AlekhatuM prabhudAsa gAMdhIkRta "jIvananuM paroDha" temAMnI hakIkatonI pramANabhUtatA, manovizlepaNanI sUcakatA, nirUpaNa kalAnI ramyatA ane nAyakanA AMtara svarUpanuM vikAsadarzana karAvatI tenA kartAnI kAvyamaya temaja saMyamapUta dRSTine kAraNe A dAyakAnAM utkRSTa caritrapustakomAMnuM eka che.. evo ja bIjo samartha prayatna "saradAra vallabhabhAI-bhAga pahele mAM zrI. narahari parIkhe karyo che. 1917nI godharAnI pahelI guja. rAjakIya pariSadathI mAMDIne 1929nI lAhera koMgresa sudhI temaNe bhajavelA mahattvapUrNa rAjakIya bhAgane nimitta banAvIne gujarAtanA rAjakIya ghaDatarane kaDIbaMdha ItihAsa vistArathI A pustakamAM AlekhAya che. mahAdevabhAInI "vIra vallabhabhAI ane "eka dharmayuddha" e pustikAomAMthI, "bAraDolI satyAgrahane

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39 ItihAsa" e pustakamAMthI, "navajIvana'mAMnA keTalAka lekhamAMthI, maNibahene ekaThI karI rAkhelI sAmagrI ane anya nikaTanA saMgIo taraphathI lekhake cIvaTa, khaMta ane niSThAthI vallabhabhAInI caritasAmagrI bhegI karIne tene ucita upayoga karyo che. temanA nirUpaNamAM vyavasthA, saralatA, cokasAI ane sAdAI che. saradAranA jaTila vyaktitvanAM aneka pAsAM gya prasaMgo dvArA UkelIne, temanA vize tarehatarehanA gapagoLA vahetA mUkanAra saune zrI naraharibhAIe A caritra dvArA cUpa karyA che. emanA kuTuMbajIvana uparAMta sAmAjika ane mukhyataH rASTrIya jIvananuM tathA temanAM svabhAva, vicAra, valaNa ane zraddhAnuM vigatavAra darzana A pustakamAM thAya che. ke pustakamAM saradAranA jAhera jIvananuM ane zaktionuM jeTaluM jhINavaTabharyuM varNana che teTaluM temanA aMgata jIvananuM ane svabhAvanuM nirUpaNa thayuM nathI. saradAranA samayanuM sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa paNa eTalI sacoTatAthI citrita thayuM nathI. tene badale rAjakIya vAtAvaraNa ati laMbANathI AlekhAyuM che. sAhityika rajuAta ane mahAdevabhAInA jevI zilI ke pramANudaSTi A caritrane sAMpaDI nathI. vigato ane rAjakIya vRttatinI keTalIka punarAvRttio tathA keTalAMka anAvazyaka viSayAMtaro paNa temAMthI TALI zakAya che. te paNa saradAranA mahAna vyaktitvane samajavA ane temanI zaktio ane siddhione pichAnavA mATe A eka ja vistRta ane pramANabhUta pustaka hAla to upalabdha che. A uparAMta "mahArAja thayA pahelAM', "ravizaMkara mahArAja', "amArAM bA', "bApunI prasAdI', "mahAdevabhAInuM pUrvacarita' motIbhAI amIna : jIvana ane kArya", "mahAvIrakathA ", "vaDodarAnareza zrImaMta sayAjIrAva gAyakavADa, bhAga 1-2', "kalApI", "paM. bhagavAnalAla IndrajI', "bApunI jhAMkhI', "sAgara-jIvana ne kavana', "dI. ba. aMbAlAlabhAI', "kalyANarAya bakSInuM jIvanavRttAMta', "saradAra pRthvIsiMhanuM jIvanacarita", "jhAMsInI rANI lakSmIbAI', "tarpaNa" (zrI. viThThalarAya ma. mahetAnAM smaraNacitro), "zrI. zAradAdevI', "cala dilhI', "dezabhakta bhulAbhAI', "gAMdhIjInA sAnidhyamAM" "mahArAjanI sAthe', "zrImannasiMhAcAryajI', "kavivara ravIndranAtha ThAkura', "kAThiyAvADanA ghaDavaiyA', Adi choTAMmoTAM noMdhapAtra jIvanavRttAMtomAM temanA lekhakanAM abhyAsa, vibhUtipUjA, anubhavasaMsmaraNonI uSmA ane AkarSaka zilo varatAya che.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 50 10 sarjanAtmaka aMze dAkhavatI, Andra morvAne anusarIne lakhANamAM kalpanA ane citrazailIne rasa lAvatI sva. navalarAma paMDayAnI jIvanakathA zukratAraka' rA. vijayarAye A dAyake ApI che. paraMtu e kRti TUMkuM jIvanacitra che. caritranI pramANabhUtatA jokhamAya eTalA pramANamAM emAM kalpanAne raMga che. vaLI caritranAyakanI saLaMga zaMkhalita sarvagrAhI AkRti paNa emAMthI UpasatI nathI e enI moTI maryAdA che. AdarapAtra vyakti vizenAM svAnubhavajanya saMsmaraNo AlekhatAM, temanA jIvana ane pravRttine ghAtaka, samabhAvI tathA rasadAyo paricaya karAvatAM ke temanA vistRta jIvanacaritra mATenI bahuvidha sAmagrI meLavI ApatAM madhyama baranAM caritro A dAyake ThIka ThIka saMkhyAmAM maLyAM che. amArAM bA', "bApunI prasAdI', "ravizaMkara mahArAja'. "mahAdevabhAInuM pUrvacarita" jevI kRtio te dAyakAo sudhI gujarAtanAM kizerakizorIone preraNA Apaze. "kalApI" ane "bApunI jhAMkhI" caritrasvAdhyAyanA vargamAM Ave. gujarAtane vAcakavarga caritrapustakane navalakathAnA jeTale zekha dharAvatuM nathI. jIvanacarita navalakathAnA jeTaluM ja lokapriya aMga thaI zake. vaLI caritro kevaLa khyAti pAmelA mahAna puruSonAM ja lakhAya e khyAla paNa pravartata lAge che. paraMtu vikhyAta mahAna puruSanI gaNatarI karIe te paNa hajI kayAM badhI vibhUtionAM caritra lakhAyAM che? dayArAma, kAnta, narasiMharAva, ramaNabhAI, AnaMdazaMkara, nhAnAlAla, munazI, ba. ka. ThAkara Adi sAhityakAre; sara prabhAzaMkara paTTaNI, sara manubhAI, viThThalabhAI paTela, sara phirojazAha mahetA Adi rAjapuruSa; Thakkara bApA, munizrI. saMtabAlajI Adi mUka prajAsevako; sara jamazedajI TATA, raNachoDalAla choTAlAla Adi udyogapatio ane pro. gajajara Adi vaijJAnikanAM vistRta, pramANabhUta caritro havenA dAyake lakhAze kharA? AtmakathA AtmakathA caritrane ja eka prakAra che. e prakAra paratve A dAyaka jANe AgalA badhA dAyakAnuM sATuM vALI nAkhavAne pravRtta thayo hoya ema AtmacaritronI saMkhyA ane samRddhi jotAM jaNAya che. bhAvanAzALI juvAna tanasukha bhadathI mAMDIne ucca koTinA sarjaka ane rAjapuruSa rA. munazI sudhInA lekhAe A dAyake ApavItIo .

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4 gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para daSTipAta prasiddha karI che. "aDadhe raste" ane "sIdhAM caDhANa bhA. 1-2" (munazI), "Athamate ajavALe" (dhanasukhalAla mahetA), 'jIvananAM jharaNuM" (rAvajIbhAI paTela). "jIvanapaMtha' (dhUmaketu), "gaI kAla' (ramaNalAla), paMcoterame' (baLavaMtarAya ka. ThAkora), "meM pAMkha phaphaDAvI " (tanasukha bhaTTa), ema maLIne ATheka AtmakathAo A dAyake prakAzana pAmI che. e uparAMta durgAzaMkara zAstrI ane dI. ba. kRSNalAla jhaverIe pitAnA akSara jIvananAM saMsmaraNo chUTaka lekhe rUpe sAmayikomAM pragaTa karyo che. caMdravadana mahetAnI ApavItI paNa "kumAra"mAM hate hapate chapAya che. AmAMthI "jIvananAM jharaNAM' sivAyanI badhI ja AtmakathAo sAhityakAronI che e binA khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. ApaNI bhASAmAM gAMdhIjI ane nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane bAda karIe te ApavItIo mAtra sAhityakAroe ja kema lakhI haze ? sAhasika vepArIo, dhArAzAstrIo, DokaTaro, akhabAranA taMtrIo, ucca koTinA amaladAre, zikSikAo ke miDavAIphanAM vItaka ke anubhavo temane ja hAthe lakhAIne maLe to ApaNuM AtmakathAsAhitya ane mAnavI sAmAnya vizenuM jJAna kevuM vipula, zuddha ane vaividhyayukta bane! zailI ane dRSTi paratve "jIvananAM jharaNuM' gAMdhIjInI satyanA prayogo'ne anusare che, te anya AtmakathAo munazInI "aDadhe raste 'nI jema kathArasane vizeSa mahattva Ape che; jyAre "meM pAMkho phaphaDAvI" "smaraNayAtrA'nI Dhabe AlekhAI che. gujarAtI AtmakathAne svarUpavikAsamAM munazInI AtmakathAne phALe sauthI vizeSa mUlyavAna gaNAze. AtmakathAne zuddha sarjanane eka prakAra nima batAvavAne munazIne e praga9bha paNa saphaLa prayatna che. temanI AtmakathA "aDadhe raste' navalakathAnA jevI sAvaMta rasapUrNa che. temanI rasaikalakSI kalame sarjanAtmaka kalpanAnuM siMcana temanI A vistRta AtmakathAmAM paNa kareluM che. pote anubhavelI Urmio ane bhAvanAone sIdhe sIdhI vAcakanA aMtaramAM saMkramita karIne AtmakathAne lekhaka sarjakanI dhanyatA anubhavI zake e vAtanI pratIti sauthI moTA pramANamAM munazInI AtmakathA karAve che. paraMtu satya karatAM pratiSThA ane ahamane lekhaka vadhu mahatva ApatA hovAthI temanA jIvananI vikRta bAjunuM varNana ke nikhAlasa AtmaciMtana joIe teTalI taTasthatAthI Avazyaka pramANamAM emAM thaI zakyuM nathI. A daSTie narmada: maNilAla ane gAMdhIjInI gra.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 AtmasthAonI sarakhAmaNImAM munazInI AtmakathA UtaratI jaNAya che. tema chatAM tenI sarasatA ane kalAmayatAne kAraNe temaja tenI citrAtmaka rasamadhura gadyazailIne kAraNe gujarAtI AtmacaritranA itihAsamAM "aDadhe raste' eka avismaraNIya sImAstaMbha tarIke ciraMjIva raheze emAM zaMkAne sthAna nathI. "Athamate ajavALe', "jIvanapaMtha', "gaI kAla' Adi AtmavRttAMte temanA nAyakeno aMgata temaja temanA kuTuMbIo, bAlamitro, sahAdhyAyIo, zikSake, zubhecchake ItyAdine rasaLatI zailImAM paricaya ApavA sAthe pitAnAM bALapaNa ane kizera-taruNa-avasthAnAM khaTamadhurAM spaMdanone tAjAM karI AjathI adhI sadI para vItI gayelA jamAnAnAM citrone khaDAM karI de che. paNa Ama banavAthI pArzvavatI bhUmikAne kendrastha nAyakanuM mahatva maLatAM lekhakanI jIvanakathA gauNa banI bese che; ApavItI mAtra saMsmaraNonAM vizRMkhala citranuM rUpa dhAraNa kare che. rA. durgAzaMkara zAstrI, pro. ba. ka. ThAkora ane dI. ba. jhaverInAM saMsmaraNomAM Ama bane che e to emanI viziSTa daSTi ne hetune laIne. pitA karatAM pitAnA jamAnAne smaraNamAM saMdharele ahevAla AlekhI pitAnA samayanA itihAsanI abhyAsa sAmagrI pUrI pADavI tathA pitAnA samakAlIna mitro, paMDite, AgevAna ane lekAMsthAo vize navIna mAhitI ApI temane prakAzamAM ANavAM, evuM prayojana temanA smaraNalekha pAchaLa raheluM che. paNa anya ApavItIomAM to pitAnA jamAnAnA saMdarbhamAM svavyaktitvanuM ja nirUpaNa e mukhya lakSya hovAthI A maryAdA khUMce che. vaLI tethI ya meTI maryAdA AtmacaritrakAramAM aMtarmukhatAnA abhAvanI che. AtmakathA eTale UMDI AtmanirIkSAmAM tavAIne AkAra pAmatuM vyaktinuM svalikhita satyapUrNa AMtaracitra. aMtarmukha banyA vinA AtmakathAne lekhaka pitAnuM vyaktitva yathArtha nirUpI zake nahi. A dAyakAnA AtmakathAkAro UMdha sahadaya AtmamaMthana ke parIkSaNamAM UtaravAne badale gaMbhIra, agaMbhIra ke ardhagaMbhIra daSTie pitAnA jIvanaprasaMge tathA samakAlIna samAja ne samayanA raMgo AlekhavAnuM pasaMda karatA jaNAya che. AthI AtmacaritramAM kathArasa Ave che, paNa temAM AMtara saMgharSa gocara thata nathI. kathAnAyaka vizenI keTalIka rasika vigate tenA vyaktitvanuM ghaDatara vagere kutUhalapaSaka bAbate vize jANavA maLe che, paNa AMtara saMvitane samRddha kare tevuM mAnavajIvananuM akaLa nirbheLa rahasya temAMthI lAdhatuM nathI.

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gayA dAyakAnA vADamaya para daSTipAta rajanIzI rajanIzI Atmacaritrane ja upaprakAra che. ApaNI bhASAmAM rojanIzInA sAhityaprakArane pradeza "mahAdevabhAInI DAyarI-bhA. 1" pragaTa thaI tyAMsudhI kalAmayatAthI kheDAyelo na hate. alabatta, nedhapothI lakhavAnA prayatna ApaNe tyAM durgArAma mahetAjIthI bhoLAnAtha, bhAIzaMkara bhaTTa ane narasiMharAva sudhI thatA AvyA che, paNa sAhityaprakAra tarIke khIlave ane tene gauravabharyuM sthAna apAve tevI eka paNa rajanIzI I. 1937 sudhI pragaTa thaI jANI nathI eTale "mahAdevabhAInI DAyarI"nAM cAra pustakanuM prakAzana gujarAtI sAhityanA ItihAsane eka apUrva banAva gaNAya. gAMdhIjInA samagra vyaktitvane bahuraMgI khyAla anya koI graMtha karatAM A rojanIzImAM vizeSa maLe che. A DAyarIonA lekhaka mahAdevabhAI savAyA bojhavelanAM zrama, khaMta, cIvaTa, utsAha, saMyama, bhakti, kalA ane satyamaMDita nirUpaNazakti batAvI jAya che. emAM jIvananA sarva prazno-rAjakAraNa, sAhitya, upavAsa, brahmacarya, rAka, bAlauchera Adi tamAma-nI mImAMsA ane carcA tAttvika bhUmikA upara saralatAthI vyavahAru paNe thatI mAlUma paDe che. emAM gAMdhIjIne kendrasthAne rAkhIne lekhake pitAnA, saradAranA tathA anya aMtevAsIonA vyaktitvanuM mitadarzana karAvyuM che; aneka jANItI, ajANuM mahattvanI vyaktionAM surekha, jIvaMta rekhAcitro doryA che ane aneka yAdagAra ghaTanAo, pustako, pravRttio, ane saMsthAne rasadAyI bodhaprada yathArtha paricaya karAvyo che. eka rIte kahIe to A DAyarIo gAMdhIjInA jIvana-vicAranA sarvasaMgraha (Encyclopaedia) jevI che. zuddha ane saMyamapUta vANImAM gAMdhIjInA patro, lakhANanA egya utArAo, lekhobhASaNonA anuvAda, sUcane, nedha vagerene akSaraza: saMgraha A rojanIzImAM thayA che. mahAna vyakti sAthenA potAnA sahavAsanI eka eka paLa, tene ekeeka bola, ke vicAra, aMgata nahi paNa jagatanI saMpatti che ema samajIne mahAdevabhAIe taidhe lakhavAmAM addabhuta jAgarukatA, tATadhya ane niSThA batAvyAM che. emAMnI daSTi ane sAmagrI uparAMta mohaka, suzliSTa, savaguNI, pAradarzaka zailI tathA jIvanane avalakavAne udAra samabhAvI dRSTikoNa A rojanIzIone tathA tenA lekhakane ApaNuM sAhityamAM ucca pada apAve che.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 e pramANe "dilhI DAyarI" paNa temAMnA viSayanI udAratA ane gAMdhIjInA vedhaka dRSTikoNane lIdhe preraka banI che. emAM gAMdhIjInI jiMdagInA chellA mahinAonAM 139 prArthanApravacane saMgrahAyAM che. sarva pravacanamAMthI hiMsA ane dveSanA bhayAnaka dAvAnaLane prema ane zAMtinI zItaLa amRtavarSAthI ThAravAne eka mAtra sUra ghoSaNA karate saMbhaLAya che. emAM rajU thayelA prasaMgonI kaI vyavasthita sAMkaLa nathI, tema chatAM prajA ane rAjyasattA vacce jIvaMta kaDI rUpa banatA zahIda saMta gAMdhIjInuM vyaktitva ane AtmamaMthana pratyeka pravacanamAMthI upasatuM dekhAya che. A pAMce rojanIzIo gAMdhIjInA caritrakArane ke bhAvi itihAsakArane sAthI vizeSa pramANabhUta hakIkata pUrI pADanAra dastAveja tarIke amara raheze. pratyeka saMskAravAMcchu janane emAMthI navI daSTi ane cetanA prApta thaze ane sAhityanA abhyAsIne rojanIzInuM sughaDa kalAtmaka svarUpa jovA maLaze. patrasAhitya patronA sAhityane caritravibhAgamAM AvarI levAmAM Ave che mAtra eka ja kAraNe. ane te e ke lekhakanA caritra mATenI keTalIka pramANabhUta sAmagrI tenA patro pUrI pADe che. bAkI caritra ke AtmakathAnA Alekhana mATe zrama, abhyAsa, smaraNazakti ke dIrtha ciMtananI je apekSA rahe che tenI patranA svarUpasarjana mATe jarUra nathI. patramAM lekhakahRdayanA UMDA bhAve vicAre ane svayaMbhU saMvedane nikhAlasapaNe chatAM vedhakatAthI AviSkAra pAmela hoya te te patranA sAhitya pUratuM basa gaNAze. e rIte patrane sAhityaprakAra kaMIka sarala ane vicAra, Urmi ke manobhAvanA sIdhA kathanane vega Apato hovAthI khaTamadhurI lIlI drAkSanA jevo che. A dAyakAmAM patrasaMgrahanAM cAra pustako pragaTa thayAM che. "AzramanI bahenone" (gAMdhIjI); "zrI. netramaNibhAIne (kAlelakara); "akhaMDAnaMdajInA patro ane "li. nehAdhIna meghANI'. AmAMnuM paheluM tenA patralekhaka gAMdhIjInI sApha, sIdhI ane preraka vicAraNA tathA sAdI sarala lAghavayukta pAradarzaka gadyazailIne kAraNe mananIya che, te bIju tenA lekhaka kAlelakaranI kamaganI, rasoganI, saMgItapremanI, dhArmikatAnI ane rASTrasevAnI bhAvanAone spaSTa rajU karatuM hevAthI vicArapreraka che. trIjuM varSo sudhI Ama prajAne dharma ane

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para chuipAta sAhityAbhimukha karavAnA hetuthI jemaNe vividha pravRttie AraMbhelI te zrI. akhaMDAnaMdanI zviraniSThA, dRDha maneAbaLa, vyavahAradakSatA, lAkasevAnI bhAvanA ane sAdhutAnuM nirdezana kare che, traNe 'pustakamAM sadharAyelA pA temanA kartAonI dhArmikatA, svadezaprIti ane sAttvika jIvanadRSTinI chApa pADe che. paNa e patrasaMgrahAthI vadhu uSmAvAna, hRdayanA AgaLA khullA mUkIne maneAlAvAne muktapaNe vahevA detA sva. medhANInA patro che. sAhitya tema ja itara kSetromAMnI judI judI 38 vyaktie upara meghANIe lakhelA kulle 176 patrone A saMgraha tenA lekhakanI nirvyAja, uSmAbharI, anaupacArika, utkaTa lAgaNIyukta zailIne kAraNe maneAhara banyA che. uparanA patrasaMgrahomAM vicArAnAM pheArAM pharaphare che, te A saMgrahamAM UrmionA, maneAlAvAnA dheAdha vahe che. badhA patro paikI umAzaMkara ane dhanasukhalAla uparanA meghANInA patro zreSTha kATinA che. emAM temanA gRhajIvananI viSamatAnI karuNa chAyA ane saaeka medhANInA suY=AmaLa dilanI AtA pragaTe che. e patromAM AtmadarzananeA talasATa, aMgata ni`LatAnA nikhAlasa ekarAra,saujanyanItaratA madhura samabhAva, tema ja namratA ane udAratA sameta medhANInuM saMskArasaMpanna vyaktitva * jhagArA mAre che. A patrA medhANInA sAhityika vyaktitvanA abhyAsIne tema tenA bhAvi *caritrakArane avazya upayeAgI nIvaDaze. kalApI, kAnta, bAlAzaMkara ane sAgaranA patronI jema medhANInA patro paNa temAMnA suDhDhAmaLa ane rasAtmaka nirUpaNane lIdhe gujarAtI patrasAhityamAM aneAkhI bhAta pADe che. Ama ekadare, A dAyakAnA caritravibhAga tenA upa-prakArAnA vividha saphaLa prayAgA, preraka ciMtana-sAmagrI ane rasALa zailIne kAraNe agAunA kAI paNu dAyakAthI samRddha che. * mahAdevasAinI DAyarI ' bhA. 1, Adhe raste, ' ' jIvananuM 'pADha ', saradAra vallabhabhAI' ane ' li. snehAdhIna meghANI' jevI viziSTa kRti gayA dAyakAnA gujarAtI caritasAhityanA bhUSaNurUpa gaNAya tevI kRtio che. nibaMdheA ane vyAkhyAnA : 6 . nibaMdhanA sAhityane je svarUpavikAsa aMgrejI sAhityamAM thayelA jovA maLe che te kadAca jagatanI bIjI kAI bhASAmAM nahi maLe. ApaNe tyAM nibaMdhane sAhityanA gaMbhIra ane zAstrIya viSayeAnI carcAnA vAhana

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graMtha ane graMthakAra putra 10 tarIke ja upayogamAM levAmAM Ave che. ane viSayanI gaMbhIrapaNe muddAsara carcA karatA suzliSTa lekhe te nibaMdha ane agaMbhIra paNe svairavihArI rajUAta karanAra haLavA lekhe te nibaMdhikA evo khyAla sAmAnyataH pravarte che. sagavaDane khAtara nibaMdhikAnuM sAhitya hAsyasAhityanA vibhAgamAM avakAze. nibaMdhasAhityane atra tapAsIzuM. ema te vivecananA ane ciMtanasAhityanA lekhasaMgrahone ahIM ja sthAna maLavuM joIe, kAraNake e sarva lenuM svarUpa nibaMdhAtmaka che, paNa viSayadaSTie e badhA te te vibhAgomAM ullekhAtA hovAthI ahIM te anya koI vibhAgomAM sthAna pAmI na zake tevA ja lekhasaMgrahane nirdezIzuM. evo pustakamAM "vAtAyana' (dhUmaketu); " Urmi ane vicAra" tathA " gulAba ane kaMTaka' (ramaNalAla desAI); "kalAciMtana' (ravizaMkara rAvaLa; "kuTiMlaga" maMDaLa 1-2 ( zAntilAla ThAkara ) Adi khAsa ullekhapAtra che. AnaMdazaMkaranuM "vicAramAdhurI " te saumAM zreSTha che. vicAramAdhurI 'nA nibaMdha mukhyatve sAhitya keLavaNI, samAja ane rASTraciMtananA che. e saumAM manuSyahitaciMtaka, zikSaNapremI, vicArazIla paMDita AnaMdazaMkaranA udAtta vyaktitvane ekadhAre paricaya thAya che. enuM svarUpa vicArabaddha, susaMkalita ane saghana che. enI vicAradhArA, tejomaya, suspaSTa ane viSayanA UMDA abhinivezavALI che. enuM gadya saumyamadhura, kyAMka malamalanI jhINI pharapharavALuM, kyAMka kinakhAbanA rezamanI sughaTTatAvALuM paNa sarvatra ekasarakhuM prasannagaMbhIra che. "vAtAyana'nA nibaMdha jeTalA suzliSTa nathI teTalA preraka vicArataNakhAnI mALA jevA che. emAM kyAMka lAgaNInAM spaMdane che, kyAMka taraMganA ke apakva vicAronA buTTA che, kyAMka AkarSaka zabdaramata che. dhUmaketunuM gadya ghaNuMkharuM sUtrAtmaka zailInuM sacoTa lAghava batAve che. ramaNalAlanA nibaMdhomAM AkarSaka vicAre, mIThA kaTAkSa ane mananISa ciMtanakaNikAo Ama tema verAyela maLI he che. temanA nibaMdhenuM svarUpa vizakhala ane pita pAtaLuM che, paNa temAM ramaNalAlanI lAkSaNikatAnAM bhArebhAra darzana thAya che. prasAda, rasikatA, nAgarI sughaDatA ane mIThAza jema ramazulAlanI gadyazailInAM lakSaNa che tema hamaNAM hamaNumAM sArI peThe dhAradAra banelA kaTAkSaprayogo paNa temanI AgaLa paDatI khAsiyata banela che. rA. ravizaMkara rAvaLanA nibaMdho

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para daSTipAta zikSaNa ane kalAviSayaka che. kalAnu rahasya, tenu' mahattva, zikSaNamAM ane jIvanamAM tenuM sthAna, vagere khAkhatA vize temaNe saralatAthI sApha zabdomAM peAtAnI vicAraNA vyakta karI che. emAMnA ghaNA muddAe mananIya che. ravibhAInuM gadya Adaza kalAzikSakanu hAvAthI temAM kalAkAranI kumAza ane zikSakanI prerakatAneA sarasa samanvaya thayelA che. * sphuliMga 'nA kartA zrI. zAntilAla ThAkara philmsaphInA abhyAsI, zrI araviMdanA pUjaka ane chaTAdAra vyAkhyAtA che. temanA nibaMdhAmAM e traNe lakSA sArA pramANamAM varatAya che. dharma, bhakti ane tattvajJAnaviSayaka ciMtana, suzliSTa nibaMdhAtmaka Alekhana ane saMskRtamaya chatAM vyAkhyAtAnI chaTAvALuM gadya zrI. zAntilAlanAM bane pustakAne zeAbhAve che. " eka ja vyAkhyAtAnAM bhASaNAnAM pustakA lekhe A dAyakAnAM khe pustakA khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. 1. saradAra vallabhabhAInAM bhASA ' tathA 2. ' zikSaNa ane saMskRti ( ravizaMkara mahArAja ). te vaktAe lAkanetA dezabhakta ane tyAgI che. agAdha vidvattAe ke UMDA zAstrajJAne nahi, paNa leAkAnI yAtanAe te duHkheA jANIne leAkeAnA aMtaramAM sthAna pAmavAnI temanI addabhuta zaktine lIdhe, anyAyeA ane jumeA sAme jhajhUmavAnI emanI apAra hiMmatane lIdhe tathA emanA vipula anubhavabaLane lIdhe bannenAM vyAkhyAtAmAM tejanA taNakhA veratI sIdhI sAdI hRdaya soMsarI UtarI jAya tevI vicArazreNI rahelI che. AmavarganA ja eka mANasa tarIke UbhA rahI temanI ja bhASA kheAlatA, temanI ja dharagaththu chatAM sama` kheAlImAM gahana rAjakIya ane sAmAjika prazno saralatAthI UkelI batAvatA, temane yeAgya mArgoMdana karAvatA ane amuka Avazyaka kartavya mATe temane uttejatA A vyAkhyAtAe temanA mRduleAkhaDI vyaktitvathI, vaktavya rajU karavAnI temanI sarala chatAM viziSTa paddhatithI ane janatA tarapha UbharAtA apAra premathI sauneA tatkALa Adara meLavI le che. saumya ane premALa leAkazikSaka tarIke raviza kara mahArAjanuM te gulAmI, anyAya, jUTha ane sItama sAme sUtA lAkane jagADI taiyAra karanAra senApati tarIke saradAranuM vyaktitva temanAM bhASaNAne pAne pAne nItare che. emAMya saradAranI ThaMDI tAkAta, temanA tIkhA kaTAkSa, temanu vedhaka hAsya, temanA sa`mita utsAha ne baliSTa Aveza te gujarAtI bhASAnu kharekharuM joma pragaTa kare che. vyAkhyAtAnA anya graMthA-- vArSika vyAkhyAne ' ( guja. vidyAsabhA ), ' sAhitya pariSada pramukhAnAM bhASaNA, ( bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, 47

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48 * graMtha ane graMthakAra pu10 muMbaI), "zatAbdI vyAkhyAnamALA' (gu. vidyAsabhA ), "graMthakAra saMmelana vyAkhyAnamALA (prAgya vidyAmaMdira, vaDodarA) ane vasanajI mAdhavajI Thakkara vyAkhyAnasaMgraha (muMbaI yunivarsiTI) temanA vividha vyAkhyAtAonI vidvattA ane viSayanA UMDA zAstrajJAne abhyAsagya banyA che. hAsyasAhitya nibaMdhikA bIjA pratinI sarakhAmaNImAM Ubho rahI zake teTalo hAsyarasika sAhityane phAla A dAyake ApaNe tyAM Utaryo che. dezahIna, kaTAkSathI mukta evA nirdoSa hAsyanI zarUAta AgalA dAyakAthI thaI che, jemAM zrI. tIndra dave, zrI. dhanasukhalAla mahetA tathA kAkA kAlelakarane phALe maTe che. agAunA vakhatamAM pAtra ke prasaMgane anulakSIne vinoda karavAmAM AvatA ane temAM amuka vyaktine ke vargane lakSya banAvavAmAM Avato. have hAsya vRttiniSTha banyuM che, arthAt enuM svarUpa vizALa banyuM che. manuSyane utArI pADyA vinA, tenA pratye sahAnubhUti batAvIne Adhunika hAsyakAra tenI vRttine ja doSa batAve che. Ama thatAM hAsyamAMthI atizayoktinuM tattva ghaNe aMze nAbUda thavA lAgyuM che. kRtrimatA ke asvAbhAviktA paNa emAMthI osaravA lAgI che ane zuddha jIvanalakSI hAsyane uddabhava thayo che. zrI jyotIndra ane kAkAsAhebanAM lakhANomAM A zuddha jIvanalakSI hAsyatattva moTA pramANamAM mAluma paDe che. emanI rasika cArTuktio ane vidapradhAna prasaMge vAMcatAM ApaNane te saMbhavita lAgaze eTaluM ja nahi, ApaNuM svAbhAvika vartanamAMthI ke jiMdA jIvanamAMthI ja e prasaMga upADyA heya ema jaNAze. nikhAlasa ane vizALa mAnavabhAvathI bharapUra AvuM ahiMsaka vidinuM tattva A dAyake ekaMdare sArA pramANamAM jovA maLe che, tethI kahI zakAya ke ApaNe tyAM hAsyalekhananuM dhoraNa uttarottara UMcuM caDatuM jAya che. hAsyarasika kavitA tathA navalakathA vize te te vibhAgomAM kahevAI gayuM che tethI have vidhalakSI nibaMdhasAhityanI ja samIkSA atra lakSya che. gayA dAyakAnA jANItA hAsyalekhako dhanasukhalAla, rAmanArAyaNa, gaganavihArI mahetA, oliyA joSI, jAgIradAra, jadurAya aMdheDiyA, pra. dUrakALa AdinI kRtio A dAyake ApaNane maLI nathI, paNa jatIndra, mastaphakIra, navalarAma trivedI, vijayarAya, bekAra Adie

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gayA dAyakAnA vAmaya para daSTipAta mULarAja peAtAnA phALA A dAyake e vibhAgamAM ThIka noMdhAvyA che. aMjAriyA, munikumAra bhaTTa, cinubhAI paTavA, nakAra, varmA-paramAra, agnikumAra vagere navA lekhakA paNa temAM sAmela thayA che. LE " . ( e saumAM hAsyanA radhara lekhaka yAtIndra dave che. emaNe 'ra'gataraMga' bhAga 2-3-4, * pAnanAM khIDAM', ' alpAtmAnuM AtmapurANu ' ane 'bIrabala ane khIjAM' maLIne kula cha pustakA ApyAM che. prathama pAMca maulika che, chaThThu sapAdana che. e pAMcemAM raMgataraMga 'ne ceAtheA bhAga muMbaI viSayaka hAsyasAmagrIthI bharapUra che ane bAkInA cAremAM 'sAcA dhama 'thI mAMDIne 'ga`bha ' sudhInA, ' jIbha 'thI mAMDIne * mAMgI ' sudhInAne ' cUMTaNI 'thI mAMDIne ' huM 'nA jagadvyApI prastAra sudhInA bhinna bhinna kATinA viSaye lekhakanI ramujanA viSaya banyA che. jyAtIndranA lekhA nibaMdhAkArI che ane maulika aNIzuddha nibaMdhikAnuM svarUpa kalAtmakapaNe jALavI rAkhe che. emanuM tarkazAstra, sAhitya, vedAnta vagerenI jANakArI ane mAnavasvabhAva tathA jagatamAM anye jatI rAjiMdI ghaTanAonuM vizeSa jJAna temanA hAsyane sakSma saceTa, svAbhAvika te madhura banAve che. pracalita mAnyatA karatAM tethI avaLIne ja pramANavuM, vastumAM rahelA hAsyAspada aMzane upADI tene atirekathI vineAda karavA, ema karatAM jANI joI ne viSayAMtara thavA devuM, peAtAnI jAtaneA paNa vyAjastuti vagere dvArA upahAsa karavA, bhagya gaMbhIra viSayeAnA mAne ke manuSyano vRttivanamAM rahelI sAmAnya nabaLAInA madhura vineda karavA e zrI. jyAtIndranA hAsyanI keTalIka khAsa tarI Ave tevI khAsiyatA che. temanuM hAsya malakSI ane buddhilakSI che; temAM sthULa ane sUkSma baMne tattvA rahelAM che. sthULa sate khaDakhaDATa hasAve che te sUkSma adhikArIgamya rahe che. hAjaramuddhi, zabdaprabhutva ane caturAImAM dIpatI nisa datta hAsyazakti temane sadAya varelI che. hAsyanI ATalI samatha zakti gujarAtanA anya kAI lekhakamAM hAla jovA nahi maLatI hAvAthI A dAyakAnA zreSTha hAsyakAra tarIke zrI. nyAtIndra saheje mAna pAme che. mastaphakIre eka pustaka ' mastaphakIranAM hAsyaratnA 'ne nAme A dAyake ApyuM che, paNa temanAM zarUAtanAM pustakAmAM je anAyAsasiddha hAsya jovA maLe che te A pustakamAM jaNAtuM nathI. temanAM lakhANanAM hetu graM. 7

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 ane yukti temAM ughADAM paDI jatAM hovAthI temAMnuM hAsya dhArI asara upajAvatuM nathI. rA. vijayarAyanI bAbatamAM ema kahI zakAze nahi, "nAjuka savArI mAM temaNe je zakti batAvI hatI te "UDatAM pAna'mAM TakAvI rAkhI che. jo ke saMgrahanI badhI nibaMdhikAo ekasarakhI agaMbhIra ke asarakAraka nathI, paNa lekhakanA bahudhA AtmalakSI naisargika vinodathI ghaNIkharI nibaMdhikAo racaka ane haLavI banI che. nibaMdhikAramAM tenA lekhakanA samadazI vinodI vyaktitvanuM pratibiMba jhilAvuM joIe enI pratIti "UDatAM pAna karAve che. e vinoda jIvanalakSI hovA karatAM sAhityalakSI vadhu che; marmALA che paNa AtmalIna hovAthI te sarvapaza banatuM nathI. sva. navalarAmakRta "parihAsa'nuM lakhANa paNa nibaMdhakArI che. temanA AgalA saMgraha "ketakInAM puSpo'nI jema ahIM paNa keLavaNI, lagna, sAhitya, dharma, rAjakAraNa Adi kSetronA vividha prazno upara kartAe ramujane, upahAsane, kaTAkSane pArthaprakAza pheMke che. e bAbatamAM emanuM sthAna "vairavihArI'nI sAthe gaNAze. * navIna lekhamAM sauthI AgaLa tarI Ave che be--eka te kavi kAntanA putra muni kumAra ane bIjA temanAthI vadhu jANItA banelA mULarAja aMjAriyA. muni kumAranA "ThaMDe paheremAM pAMca sivAyanA bAkInA lekhe nibaMdhikAnA svarUpanA che. emAM ramujI TUcakA che, hAsyakSama prasaMge che, zabdanI ramata che ane kaTAkSAtmaka lakhANo che. paraMtu temanuM hAsya AyAsasiddha ane sastuM che. temAM svAbhAvikatA ane lakSyadhitvanA guNa ochA che. zrI. mULarAja aMjAriyAnA 'TUMkuM ne Taca" ane "lAkaDAnA lADu'mAM narmamarmayukta TUcakAo ane kautukapreraka ramujI vAtane saMgraha maLe che. jIvananA sarva pradezamAMthI lekhake hAsyapoSaka vigate mAhitI ane caturAIbharI ramata ekaThI karI che. temanuM hAsya ekadhAruM pravAhI nathI. kyAMka tenuM nizAna khAlI jAya che, kyAMka te prAkRta banI jAya che, kayAMka uchInuM lIdheluM lAge che te kyAMka daMzadoSathI kharaDAya che. temanI zaktine kharo kayAsa te teo jyAre lAMbI nibaMdhikAo lakhe tyAre ja nIkaLe. eka utsAhI juvAna hAsyakAra "nakIra'nuM nAma A dAyake temaNe ApelA cAra saMgraho-"hAsyavilhela," "jIvanahAsya,' "aphalAtUna bheja"

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gayA dAyakAnA vAya para daSTipAta ane "navarAnI nedha ne lIdhe gaNAvavuM joIe. e cAre saMgrahamAM keTalIka vArtAo che, keTalAka skece che ane keTalAka lekha che. nakIramAM hAsyakSama prasaMgone pArakhavAnI ane manuSyasvabhAvane avalokavAnI dRSTi che; paNa temAMnA marmane khIlavavAnI zakti ochI jaNAya che. cinubhAI paTavAe "navoDhA mAM hAsyarasika vArtAone saMgraha Apyo che. A lekhakamAM nisargadatta vinodazaktinAM bIja dekhAya che. temanI hAsyadRSTi vRttilakSI ane praphula che. prasaMganA marmane te sacoTatAthI khIlavI jANe che. A uparAMta dainika patromAM aThavADiye eka vAra nAnAmoTA banAvo upara karelAM kaTAkSalakhANonA saMgraha "zANo' nAmadhArI medhANIe "sAMbelAnA sUramAM, philasUpha' takhallusadhArI cinubhAI paTavAe "pAnasopArI mAM ane varmA-paramAre "amathI DozInI avaLavANu mAM AvyA che. temAMthI pahelA ne chellAmAM TADhI kaTAkSakalAnuM ane bIjAmAM sakSama hAsyavRttinuM darzana thAya che. pravAsa je gujarAtamAM seMkaDo mANase vepAra, dharmayAtrA ke sahelagAha nimitte hajAra gAunA pravAse vAraMvAra kheDe che, te prAntamAM pravAsanuM sAhitya kema alpa lakhAtuM haze? pravAsachavananA vidhavidha romAMcaka anubhavo ke sRSTinA ramya pradeza gujarAtI bhAIbahenanI cetanAne dhuNAvI nahi zakatA hoya ke temanI pAse tene avalakavAnI saundaryadaSTi ke AlekhavAnI zakti nahi hoya ? ApaNuM labdhapratiSTha sAhityakAramAMthI paNa kAkAsAheba ke suMdarama sivAyanA anya pravAsakhIne taraphathI A kSetramAM keTaluM lagIra maLyuM che ! A dAyakAnA pravAsasAhityamAM zrI. suMdaramanuM "dakSiNAyana ', rA. munazInuM "mArI binajavAbadAra kahANI, zrI. ravizaMkara rAvaLanuM "kalAkAranI saMskArayAtrA ane Do. hariprasAda desAInuM "rasadarzana' khAsa noMdhapAtra che. - "dakSiNAyana mAM suMdaramanI saundaryadRSTi, saMvedanazIlatA ane ciMtanaparAyaNatAne AviSkAra jovA maLe che, te mArI binajavAbadAra kahANI'mAM munazInI utkaTa kalpanAzIlatA, jIvanarasa mANatI anubhavatAjhagI ane rasaLatI zailI pratIta thAya che. dakSiNAyana mAM dakSiNanI dhArmikatA, saMskAritA ane zilpakalAne paricaya karAvAyo che, te "binajavAbadAra

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para graMtha ane graMthakAra pu.10 kahANI 'mAM grIsa ane rAmanA itihAsaprasaMgAnu, jAtajAtanI vyaktieAnu` ane vividha bhaugAlika pradezAnu` sajIva citra AlekhAyela che. ' dakSiNAyana ' saLaMga zRMkhalAbaddha pravAsapustaka che, te 'mArI binajavAbadAra kahANI ' ramatiyALa zailImAM chUTAM chUTAM smaraNacitro AlekhatuM pustaka che. eka ciMtanazIla gaMbhIra prakRtinA kavinuM pustaka che teA khIju ra'gadI' navalakathAkAranu' che. ane A dAyakAnAM uttama pravAsapustakA che. bAkInAM emAMthI paheluM eka kalAkAre karelA jApAna ane uttara hiMdanA pravAsa Alekhe che. lekhake joyelAM sthaLAnAM ane temane bheTelI vyaktinAM temAM surekha citro che. emAM sTImaranI sagavaDe ane pAsapoTa meLavavAnA vidhi vize mAhitI paNa che. e pustakanu mATuM AkaSa Nu temAM mUkelA citro, skeceA te phoTogrAphA che. pravAsa daramiyAna tenA lekhakanI daSTa ane vRtti kalAkAranI rahI che te tenA AlekhanamAM temane hetu zikSaNa ane saMskAranA rahyo che. zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLanI mAphaka manuSya ane kudaratanI kalAoe 'rasadana 'nA lekhakane paNDakSAvyA che. A pustakamAM bhAratIya prakRtizrI ane kalAsamRddhi uparAMta saundarasika, dezabhakata, zraddhALu, nikhAlasa, vinAdI ane subraDa nArika DaoN. hariprasAdanA vyaktitvane paricaya paNa maLe che. A vibhAganAM anya pustAmAM kAkAsAhebanuM ' leAkamAtA ' daroka navIna prakaraNeAnA umeza pAmyuM che tethI ullekhapAtra che. dezanI nadIenAM saundaryuM-mAhAtmya ane tene anuSa Mge lekhake puraskArelI dharma-saskRtinI bhAvanA tAjhagIdAra navIna kalpanAothI maMDita kavinI vALuImAM temAM abhivyakti pAmyAM che. evuM khIjuM pustaka emanI ja pAsethI dIkSA laI ne zivazaMkara prA. zukale gujarAtanI lokamAtAo-1 ' lakhyuM che. gujarAtanI nadIo vizenA temanA bhAgelika ane sAmAjika dRSTika rasika kalpanAcAru zailImAM pragaTa thayA che. e ja lekhake siratAthI sAgara'mAM gAMdhIjIe karelI aitihAsika dAMDIkUcanI rezamAMcaka kathA jIvata ane pramANabhUta prasaMgacitro dvArA sarasa zailImAM AlekhI che. ' A uparAMta zrI. zAntilAla jI. gAMdhIe dakSiNa bhAratanAM tIrthaM dhAmeA 'thI, zrI. ramezanAtha gaitame ' bhramaNa 'thI, zrI. cunIlAla maDiyAe * jaya giranAra 'thI, zrI. mULaza'kara bhaTTe dharatIne mathALe 'thI, hiMmatalAla tunArAe ' himAlayanu paTana 'thI ane sArAbhAi ceAkasIe 'bhArataduna 'thI ApaNA pravAsasAhityanuM jamAkhAtuM vadhAryu che. '

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para daSTipAta vivecana A dAyakAne vivecanakAla AgalA dAyakAnI apekSAe vizeSa satvapUrNa che. gujarAtamAM vivecananuM sAhitya chellAM pacIsa varasomAM ThIka ThIka phAlyuM gaNAya. graMthaprakAzananI daSTie joIe to ApaNuM ucca koTinA ghaNA kharA vivecanagraMthe A gALAmAM ja prakAzana pAmyA che. emAMnA keTalAkanI be be ke traNa traNa AvRttio thavA pAmI che e binA jyAM kAvya, nATaka ke caritranI ja mAMDa mAMDa eTalI AvRttio thavA jAya che evA gujarAtamAM ochI AnaMdadAyaka nathI-jo ke tene ghaNokharo yaza bI. e. ane ema. e. mAM gujarAtI mukhya viSaya lenAra vidyArthIAlamane javo ghaTe. A dAyake AnaMdazaMkarathI umAzaMkara sudhInA vidvAnono A vibhAgamAM phALo noMdhAyo che. temAM mAtra graMthAvalokananuM ja sAhitya nathI. UMcI ziSTa kRtio ane graMthakAro vize abhyAsalekha, sAhitya ane vivecananA tAvika siddhAMtonI vicAraNA tathA tenA kUTa praznonI chaNAvaTa, sAhityanAM ghaDatarabaLe ne tenI zAkhAonA vikAsanI samIkSA-e sarvane paNa emAM samAveza thAya che. vivecananuM agatyanuM kArya sahadane sAhityamAM rahelAM saundaryato pratyakSa karI ApI tenuM AsvAdana karAvavAnuM che ane te kartavya A dAyakAnA ApaNuM ghaNuMkharA vivecakee niSThAthI ane kuzaLatAthI bajAvyuM che. vivecanadaSTi ane zailI paratve paMDitayuganA vivecakAthI navIna yuganA vivecake judA tarI Ave che. paMDitayuganA vivecakAnI dRSTi temanA badhamatathI maryAdita chatAM zAstrIyatAne jALavavAmAM rAcatI. temanI AlocanAnI paddhati ghaNe aMze pRthakkaraNAtmaka hatI ane ghaNuMkharuM viSayAMtaramAM sarI jatI. sAhityanAM paraMparAprApta ane rUDha banI cUkelAM svarUpa, aMga, temaja zailI, sAhityika bhAvanAo AdimAM temane vizeSa rasa hato. temanI vivecanazakti pAMDityaprerita ane dIrghasUtrI hatI. paraMtu navIna vivecakenI daSTi zAstrIyatAne teDavAmAM nahi, chatAM arUDha saundaryarItione samabhAvathI apanAvavAmAM kRtakRtya thAya che, keTalAka baddhamato te temane paNa naDatA haze, paNa te temanA darzana ADe bahu AvatA jaNAtA nathI. temanI vivecanapaddhati pRthakkaraNAtmaka teTalI ja saMjanAtmaka (synthetic), sAragrAhI, mukhya tattvane lakSanArI ane suzliSTa nibaMdhanuM svarUpa jALavanArI

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pU. 10 che. navI-nI nirUpaNarIti rasaLatI, AvezaviheNI ne prasAda ane vivekanA guNothI yukta che. Ama chatAM paMDitenuM vivecana viSayanI sarvAgI chaNAvaTa karI tenA hArdamAM UMDuM kheMcI jatuM; navInamAM eTaluM talagAmI baLa kavacita ja jovA maLe che. A gALAmAM prakAzana pAmelA vivecanasaMgrahomAMnA ghaNAkharA lekhe AgalA dAyakAmAM ke kadAca ethI ya vahelA lakhAyA haze. paNa suvidhAne khAtara ahIM je dAyakAmAM pustaka prakAzana pAmyuM e dAyakAnI saMpatti tarIke tene AvakAravAmAM Avela che. e daSTie jotAM AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruva ( "sAhityavicAra', digdarzana " ), dI. ba. kezavalAla dhruva ( "sAhitya ane vivecana bhA. 2"), pra. baLavaMtarAya ThAkara ("navIna kavitA vize vyAkhyAno', " vividha vyAkhyAna-guccha 1-2), zrI. kanaiyAlAla munazI ( "Adivacane '), pre. mohanalAla dave ( "vivecana', "rasapAna"), pR. atisukhazaMkara trivedI ("Atmavinoda"), pR. rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka ( "AlocanA'), zrI. vizvanAtha bhaTTa (dainikaSarekhA), jhe. viSNuprasAda trivedI (parizIlana', "arvAcIna ciMtanAtmaka gadya' ), sva. navalarAma trivedI ("navAM vivecane', zeSa vivecana', "zAmaLanuM vArtAsAhitya'), pre. DelararAya mAMkaDa ("kAvyavivecana'), sva. jhaveracaMda meghANI (" paribhramaNa" bhA. 1-2-3, lekasAhityanuM samAlocana', "dharatInuM dhAvaNa"), pre. anaMtarAya rAvaLa ( "sAhityavihAra', "gaMdhAkSata'), pre. manasukhalAla jhaverI ("DA vivecanalekhe'), zrI. umAzaMkara joSI ("samasaMvedana', akhe-eka adhyayana), zrI. dhanasukhalAla mahetA ("ArAma khurazIethI) sva. zaMkaralAla zAstrI ("sAhityadraSTAne'), The. premazaMkara bhaTTa ("madhuparka') vagerenAM aDhAra pustake A dAyake prasiddha thayAM che. e uparAMta gujarAta sAhitya sabhA taraphathI I. sa. 1941 thI 48 sudhInA gALAnI vArSika samAlocanAonAM ATha pustaka pragaTa thayAM che tathA "sAhityaparAmarza' ( vilepAle sAhityasabhA, muMbaI), graMthakAra saMmelana vyAkhyAnamALA' (prAca vidyAmaMdira, vaDodarA), "vidyAvistAra vyAkhyAnamALA ( guja. vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda), temaja "sAhitya ane saMskAra' (bhAratI sAhitya saMdha, muMbaI-amadAvAda.) jevAM pustakamAM vividha vivecakenA lekhe saMgharAyA che. Ama A dasakAnuM vivecanasAhitya vipula che.

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para daSTipAta 15 A badhA vivecanasa'graheAmAM sAhityavicAra' ane digdarzana ' tenA kartAnI svastha tattvAnveSI ane samatAla vicArasaraNI tathA sattvagrAhI, rasadarzI ane madhura vivecanazailI vaDe vizeSe dIpe che. temanA lAkSaNika vyaktitvathI aneAkhA banelA prA, ThAkAranA traNe vyAkhyAnasaMgraheA narmada, gAvadhanarAma, maNilAla, ane ramaNabhAI jevA sAhityakAza temaja navIna kavitAnA pravAhe tathA lakSaNA vizenA temanA tulanAtmaka, talasparzI, nIDara ane rahasyAdghATaka vivecanathI mananIya banyA che. gau. DAkAranu' vivecana nara'iharAvanI jema 'sama' vizeSaNanu adhikArI saheje banI jAya che. dI. ba. dhruvanA lekhA mukhyatve prAcIna --madhyakAlIna bhASA, sAhitya ane chaThThA vizenA che. e lekhA vyutpanna paMDita, pratibhAzALI sa`zodhaka, bhASAnA vividha cAnA sUkSma nirIkSaka tathA jharaNAM jevI svaccha pravAhIne madhura chatAM gauravAnvita zailInA abhyAnI sarajata che. 'vAgyApAra' jevA lekha te gujarAtI bhASA ane uccArazAstranuM uttama dhareNuM che. zrI, munazI sAhityanA tAttvika siddhAMtA catAM sAhityanI ceAsa ekalakSitA ane paribhASAmAM gU cavADA UbhA kare che. temanI rajUAtamAM avizadatAne utkaTatAnuM pramANu vizeSa che. temanI rasadRSTi pAzcAtya sAhityathI ghaDAyelI che. Ama chatAM gujarAtabhakti ane sAhityasarjana pAchaLane svAnubhavabhyApAra temanI pAse abhyAsakSama lekhA lakhAve che. dhro. pAThakanAM graMthAvalAkanA samagra pustakanI samIkSA karavA karatAM temAMnA thADAka carcAspada muddAonI vizadatA ane jhINavaTathI chaNAvaTa. karavA tarapha eka vadhu rAkhe che. tarkazAstrI ane tattvaciMtaka pAThakane vivecaka pAThakane uttama lAbha maLelA che. nikaSarekhA'mAMnA ' sarjanAtmaka AtmakathA ' ''Ditayuganu mahAkAvya' ane medhANI vizenA lekhA uttama kakSAnA che. zrI. vizvanAthanI vivecanapaddhati azeSa nirUpaNuvALI, pRthakkaraNazIla ane dIdha`sUtrI che paNuM tethI temanuM vivecana svayaMpUrNa` ane sa`grAhI nIvaDe che. emanI zailImAM gaurava ane prauDhinI sAthe saraLatAnI mAtrA paNa eTalI ja rahelI che. preA. viSNuprasAdanI vivecanazailI zrI. vizvanAthathI taddana judI paDI Ave che. vizvanAtha jo svAbhiprAyeAte aneka pramANAthI samarthita karIne laMbANathI rajU kare che teA viSNuprasAda vedhaka dRSTitho vivecca padArthanA sattvane jhaDapathI grahI laI te suTita lAdhavathI matadarzana karAve che. ema karatI veLA teo kaiMka ramatiyALa ane saudarya rasika bane che; tethI temanI zailImAM sarjanAtmaka aMzA pragaTe che. paNa ethI, sAhityane temane abhyAsa *

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da graMtha ane thathakAra pu0 10 tAttvika ane UMDe hovA chatAM, bhramaranI jema vividha puSpAmAMthI gheADAMka rasabiMduonu` AsvAdana letA madhukaranI rasa-cAkhaNI jeTale ja lAbha Ape che. temaNe 'arvAcIna ciMtanAtmaka gadya'mAM ApaNAM dhArmi`ka, sAMsArika ane sAhityika AMdolaneAnI aitihAsika digdarzana sahita tAttvika AleAcanA karelI che. navalarAma trivedInu` vivecana sapATInI sahelamAM rAce che. Ache vinAda, kutUhalavadha ka vigatonI rajUAta ane samAjasudhArAnu valaNu temanAM vivecanAne AsvAdya banAve che. sva. medhANInA vivecanalekheA janatA ane sAhityanI saMyogI kaDI khanI rahe che. emanuM vivecana kavi nhAnAlAlanI jema rasadarzI tema sAragrAhI che. saundarya jha khu kavinI vedanazIlatAthI viSayanI tapAsa ane tenA nirUpaNamAM AtmalakSI dRSTikANu e sva. medhANInA vivecananI viziSTatA tathA maryAdA che. lokasAhityamAM rahelA khalavattara saundarya-aMzAte chatA karI DaeNstha sAhityanI supratiSThA sthApatuM, leAkavANInA pravAhanI jIvaMtatAnAM aneka pramANA darzAvatuM ane phAOsa-dalapatathI mAMDI Aja sudhIne ApaNA leAkasAhityanA saMzodhana-prakAzananeA kaDIbaddha itihAsa AlekhatuM temanu' leAkasAhityanuM samAlecana' ApaNA sAhityamAM e viSayanuM apUrva pustaka che. 'kAvyavivecana'nA kartA prA. mAMkaDanA saMskRta rasa ane alakArazAstrane abhiniveza khUba UMDA che. kAvyeAnA vivecanamAM rasa, tApa, kAvyasvarUpa, ala'kAra, chaMda vagerenI tAttvika carcA zAauyatAthI karIne te kAvyanuM rasadana karAve che. svata Mtra matadarzana, vivecananI cokkasa paribhASA tathA vizadatA mATenI temanI cIvaTa temanA vivecananA khAsa tarI AvatAM lakSaNA che. prA. rAvaLanI vivecanapaddhati kharekharA adhyApakanI che. viSayanuM azeSa nirUpaNu, eke eka muddAnI vyavasthita rajUAta ane temAMnI carcApAtrabAbatonuM kramika pRthakkaraNa temanA vivecananuM eka mahattvanuM aMga banI gayela che. paddhati paratve vizvanAtha ane viSNuprasAdanA madhyAntare temanuM sthAna che. dIpIMjaNa karyA vinA viSayanuM sa MpUrNa nirUpaNa te Ape che. zailIne emane jJAkha nathI chatAM vizada, pravAhI, sa MmArjita, zailI temanA nibaMdheAte lAkSaNika chaTA Ape che. spaSTatAthI chatAM namratA ane mIThAzathI svamata rajU karavAnI temanI phAvaTa prazasya che. prA. manasukhalAla ane zrI. umAzaMkaranAM vivecaneA kavi abhyAsInI sarajatarUpa gaNAya. vaktavyanuM sAmaMjasya, zailInI madhurarasikatA ane abhiprAyadarzanamAM spaSTatA e baMne kavi vivecakrAnA samAna guNa che. paNa sarjaka ane bhAvakanA

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gayA dAyakAnA vATakamaya para daSTipAta tAtvika saMbaMdha ane vyAvartaka lakSaNonI carcAmAM manasukhalAlanA karatAM umAzaMkarane abhiniveza vadhu mUlagAmI che. vyavasthita vicAradhArA ane vivecanazaktino saLaMga AvirbhAva ubhayanA sAhitya-nibaMdhane zobhAve che, paNa umAzaMkaramAM dRSTinI vedhakatA, cikitsakanI cakaratA ane rahasyoddaghATananI sUkSamatA vizeSa jovA maLe che. "akhe- eka adhyayana' sattaramI sadInI pradhAlU sameta vedAntI kavi akhAnA samagra jIvana ane kavana uparanA UMDA ane tulanAtmaka saMzodhanavivecananA paripAkarUpa uttama prabaMdha (Thesis) che. zrI. dhanasukhalAla mahetAnAM graMthAvalekane ane carcAle paradezI sAhityanA sArA jANakAra, kalAbhakta ane sArA vArtAkAranAM matadarzane che. bAkInA vivecakomAMthI pre. mohanalAla dave, prA. zAstrI ane pre. atisukhazaMkaranA . vivecanalekha sAhityane abhyAsa AraMbhanAra vidyArthIo ane pRthakajanane sAruM mArgadarzana ane mAhitI Ape tevA che. vivecananI keDI Ama rAjamArga banatI jatI hovAthI ja eka be vinaMtI karavI ghaSTatA nahi gaNAya. vivecakoe sAhityanI vividha kRtio ke kartAo upara chUTaka nibaMdha lakhavAnI sAthe mahattvanA sAhityasvAmI ke tenI agatyanI kRtio vize saMpUrNa svAdhyAya paNa taiyAra karavo joIe. premAnaMda, gavardhanarAma, nhAnAlAla ane munazI varSothI adhikArI vivecakonI rAha jue che. ema ja vividha sAhityaprakAranA svarUpa ane vikAsa upara paNa temanI pAsethI nidAna eka eka pustaka maLavuM ghaTe. gujarAtI bhASAnA uttama ziSya graMtha upara paNa sarvagrAhI adhyayana-vivecananI apekSA rahe che. havenA dAyakAmAM e saMtoSAze ? sAhityane itihAsa A dAyake sAhitya ke sAhityaprakArane ItihAsa ApatAM cha pustake pragaTa thayAM che. temAMnAM cAra gujarAtI sAhitya vize che, eka saMskRta nATathazAstra saMbaMdhI che ane eka phArasI sAhitya vize che. chellAM so varasanA sADAtraNaso jeTalA gujarAtI kavio ane temanI nAnI moTI bArathI vadhu kRtione potAnA phalakamAM samAvI tAtvika temaja aitihAsika daSTie temanuM vivecana karate zrI. suMdaramane "arvAcIna kavitA" uparane brahadda graMtha A dAyakAnA gujarAtI sAhityanuM eka gra. 8

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu010 amUlya prakAzana che. arvAcIna kavitAnA traNa stabaY=A pADI te te gALAnI kavitAnAM preraka baLeA ane mukhya lakSaNAnI savistara noMdha lIdhA pachI Adhunika kavitApravAhatI samIkSA karIne arvAcIna kAvyapravRttinI sa`pUrNa vikAsazRMkhalA zrI. suMdarame A pustakamAM kuzaLapaNe yeAjI che. 'ochA jANItA rahelA kavi ane kRtiomAMthI bane tyAM lagI temanA guNute chatA karI Ape tevAM avataraNA jarA chuTTA hAthe' temaNe veryAM che; te narasiMharAva, kalApI, khabaradAra, nhAnAlAla AdinI kaDaka dRSTie samIkSA karI che. abhyAsa, zrama, niSThA, guNAnurAgitA, sakatAne pArakhavAnI AmUla pakaDa, spaSTavaktRtva ane araviMdanI kAvyabhAvanAne raMga zrI. suMdaramanI vivecakatAnA mukhya guNeA che. 13 'gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA 'mAM zrI. vijayarAya vaidye sAhityathI paricita abhyAsapremIene lakSamAM rAkhIne I. sa. 990 thI Adhunika samaya sudhIne lekhakavAra te yugavAra madhyama kharane rekhAtmaka itihAsa ApyA che. zrI. munazInA ' Gujarata and its literature' pachI e viSayanA adhikArI lekhaka pAsethI maLatuM A paheluM ja pramANabhUta pustaka che. aneka sthaLe tAlana ane vivecana paratve apUratuM hevA chatAM te vijayarAyanA jJAnakAzanA samRddha ane ma`grAhI paripAkarUpa che. temanI sAragrAhI daSTi ane sadhana zailI ja mAtra 350 jeTalAM pRSThomAM 1000 varSoMnA 'gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsa sameTI zake. ApaNA sAhityane eka buhat sa'pU itihAsa temanI pAsethI maLe, te eka meATI UNapa purAya evI apekSA A pustaka jagADe che. DaoN. ratanajI rUstamajI mA'le pIeca. DI . nI DIgrI mATe pro. viSNuprasAdanI rAhabarI nIce taiyAra karelA mahAnibaMdha 'gujarAtI patrakAritvane itihAsa' chellAM se| varasanA akhakhArI sAhityanA vikAsakrama Alekhe che. sauthI jUnA vamAnapatra 'muMbaI samAcAra'thI mAMDIne Aja dina sudhInA tamAma dainikA, sAptAhikA ane pAkSikAnI yeAgya noMdhA temAM levAI che. ' gujarAtI', 'navajIvana', * saurASTra ' ane '* prajAba'' jevAM keTalAMka viziSTa patroe gujarAtanuM akhakhArI sAhitya vikasAvavAmAM, temAM navIna rUparaMga, zailI, bhASA ane sAmagrI pUravAmAM ane gujarAtI gAte navA epa ApavAmAM ApelA phALAnu` sa`kSipta vivecana paNa lekhake temAM kayu che. gujarAtI patrakAritvane kaDIbaddha itihAsa sauthI pahelA .

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para draSTipAta A pustakamAM maLatA heAvAthI e ApaNA sAhityamAM noMdhapAtra umerArUpa gaNAze, gujarAtI mAsika patronA itihAsa paNa lakhAvAnI jarUra che. nAnakaDI 'sAhityapravezikA' ApyA bAda tenI ya laghu AvRtti jevI sAhityaprAraMbhikA ' zrI. hiMmatalAla aMjAriyAe A dAyakAmAM pragaTa karI che, je sAhityanA abhyAsanI zarUAta karanAra vidyArthIone upayAgI thaI paDaze. " bhAratIya nATyazAstranA vikAsanu darzana karAvatuM 'saMskRta nATyazAstranA vikAsanI rUparekhA' gujarAtI bhASAmAM e viSayanuM eka agatyanuM pustaka che. nATyazAstranA cALIsathI ya vadhu mImAMmakA, temanI kRtionI vizeSatAo ane nATyazAstranA judA judA viSayAnA kramika vikAsa temaNe temAM jhINavaTathI AlekhI batAnyeA che. rUpakaprakAra, rasa, nAyaka AdinuM paNa temanA aitihAsika krama sahita tAttvika nirUpaNu A la pustakamAM maLe che. pustakamAM pro. mAMkaDanI teAlanazakti, itihAsadRSTi ane nATyazAstranA UDe abhiniveza pratIta thAya che. phArasI sAhityane itihAsa'mAM zrI. epha. ema. lekhaMDavALAe yugavAra vibhAgeA pADIne phrArasI sAhityanAM lagabhaga 1100 varSoMnA mAhitIpUrNa itihAsa sa MkSepamAM rajU karyAM che. phArasI sAhityakArA vize AmAMthI sArI mAhitI maLI rahe che; tenA vividha sAhityaprakAza ane pravAhAnA saLaMgasUtrita vikAsa ApavAnu lekhakane uddiSTa nahi hoya ema pustaka vAMcatAM samajAya che. saMzAdhana - saMpAdana - chellAM dasa varasamAM gujarAtanAM prAcIna-madhyakAlIna itihAsa-purAtattva, bhASAsAhitya tathA piMgaLa, vyAkaraNa ane lalitakalAe vize sa`zAdhanapravRtti karanArA vidvAnAmAM munizrI jinavijayajI, prA. rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka, DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, zrI. madhusUdana meAdI, prA. kAntilAla vyAsa, DaeNoN. harivallabha bhAyANI, DaoN. maMjulAla majamudAra, zrI. kezavarAma zAstrI ne zrI, umAza'kara joSI pahelI najare AgaLa tarI Ave che. prA. pAThakakRta 'prAcIna gujarAtI chaTThA--eka aitihAsika samAlAcanA' A dAyakAnA sa`zAdhana--vivecananA graMthAmAM agragaNya che. dalapatarAma, raNuThThAbhAI ane kezava hada dhruve padyaracanAonA svarUpa

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 50 10 baMdhAraNu ane lakSaNenuM je jJAna meLavI ApyuM hatuM, temAM che. pAThaka apabhraMzakALanA dahAthI mAMDIne dayArAmanI dezIo sudhI pravartatA piMgaLanA sUkSma niyamenI zAstrIya tapAsa karI vadhAro karyo che. dI. ba. dhave samajAvela vaidika kAlathI mAMDIne apabhraMzakAla sudhInI padyaracanAone aitihAsika vikAsakrama A pustaka dvArA adyatana bane che. madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM vRttone prayoga thaye ja nahote, e mAnyatAne juThI TharAvate gujarAtI bhASAnA lagabhaga AraMbhathI mAMDI dayArAma sudhInA sAhityamAM thayelI akSarameLa vRttaracanAone aitihAsika dRSTie paricaya De. sAMDesarAe prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM vRttaracanA" nAmanI pustikAmAM karAvyo che. - "ApaNA kavio'--naM. 1 mAM zrI. ke. kA. zAstrIe narasiMhayuga pahelAMnI prApya eTalI tamAma sAhityakRtione tapAsI ApaNI bhASAno vikAsakoTio, tenuM vyAkaraNa tathA pabaMdha ane sAhityasvarUpa vistRta avataraNe ApIne zAstrIyatAthI samajAvavAne samartha prayatna karyo che. lekhake "kavicarita'-bhA. ramAM saM. 1624 thI saM. 1716 sudhInA nAnA moTA badhA ja gujarAtI kavio ane temanI kRtio vize saMzodhana karI sArI mAhitI pUrI pADI che. temanA saMzodhanaviSayaka lekhasaMgraho akSara ane zabda, "anuzIlana" ane "saMzodhanane mAge'--e traNemAM maLIne bhASA-chaMda-vyAkaraNanA, lipi-joDaNInA, sAhityika-sAMskRtika itihAsanA ane purAtattvane kula 76 lekho saMgharAyA che. viSayanI rajUAta, carcA ane svataMtra vidhAnanAM umeromAM temanA abhyAsanI vyApakatA ane temanI pragabha vicArakatA dekhAya che. akhe-eka adhyayana'nI jema temanA bIjA saMzodhanAtmaka graMtha "purANamAM gujarAta mAM paNa zrI. umAzaMkarano viSayane UMDe. abhiniveza dhyAna kheMce che. "kaMdapurANa" ane "mahAbhArata'ne mukhya AdhAra tarIke rAkhIne saMskRta, jaina ane bauddha bhASAsAhitya tathA paradezI musApharonAM varNane, prAcIna zilAlekhe, tAmrapatro, sikakAo ityAdinI sahAya laIne gujarAtanI prAcIna bhaugolika sAmagrIne A graMtha temaNe taiyAra karyo che. emAM dekhAtI zrI. umAzaMkaranI zAstrapUta daSTi ane nirNAyakazakti temane ucca koTinA saMzodhaka ane purAtattvazIna TharAve che.

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badhA dAyakAnA vAya 52 daSTipAta zrI. prasanna vakIle pIeca. DI.nI DIgrI mATe taiyAra karela premAnaMdanI saMdigdha kRtio" vizene mahAnibaMdha premAnaMdanI zaMkAspada kRtio upara narasiMharAvathI cAlelI sAThamArIne aMta ANe che. emAM lekhakane temanA sarva purogAmIonI carcAo ne saMzodhanone lAbha maLyo che. aneka pramANe ApIne, baMne pakSanAM sabaLa-durbaLa vidhAne yathAtatha raju karI gya dalIlethI temanuM puraskaraNa ke nirasana karI zrI. vakIle premAnaMdanI saMdigdha kRtio tAravI ApI che. tarkazuddhi, zAstrIya taTasthatA, suvyavasthA ane vizada chaNAvaTa A pustakanA mukhya guNo che. zrI vijayarAya vaidyakta "lIlAM sUkAM pAna" "kaumudIsevakagaNanA ThIMgarAyela svapnanA tejasvI avazeSarUpa che. narmadayuganAM preraka baLa ane pravAhane abhyAsa karanArane virala ane pramANabhUta sAmagrI uparAMta te jamAnAnI siddhione mApavAnuM sthira, nItareluM dhoraNa ema maLI rahe tema che. - sva. meghANIe daTAI jatA kaMThastha cAraNI sAhityane prakAzamAM ANavAnA hetuthI cAraNu prajA ane teNe sarjelA lokasAhityane vistRta paricaya tenI spaSTa mUlavaNI sahita "cAraNo ane cAraNI sAhityamAM karAvyo che. sva. rAmalAla modInI "bhAlaNa, uddhava ane bhIma' tathA dI. ba. kRSNalAla jhaverInI "gujarAtIoe lakhelA phArasI 2 the' e baMne pustikAo tenA kartAonA priya viSayonuM mahatvanuM saMzodhana pUruM pADe che. vividha vAcanAo ane pracalita pAThonI aitihAsika temaja tAvika tulanA dvArA kareluM hastapratonuM zAstrIya saMpAdana, vistRta abhyAsapUrNa upodaghAta ane TipaNo vagerethI maMDita zrI. sAMDesarAsaMpAdita "kapUramaMjarI," "vasudevahindI," "paMcataMtra" ane "sattaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvyo.' zAstrIjI-saMpAdita "mahAbhArata-graMtha 4 ane 7,' 'haMsAulI, pre. kAntilAla vyAsasaMpAdita "vasaMtavilAsa" ane zrI umAzaMkarasaMpAdita "kulAta kavi' A dAyakAnAM gaNanApAtra saMpAdano che. emAMthI kapUramaMjarI" saM. 1605mAM matisAra nAmanA kavie duhA ane copAImAM raceluM 411 paMkitanuM sAmAnya kathAkAvya che. paNa tenI kharI upayogitA temAM sacavAI rahelI gujarAtInI bIjI bhUmikAnA aMtimakALanI bhASAne lIdhe che. jaina purANakathA tathA zuddha lokavArtAnI

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dara - tha ane graMthakAra patra 10 bhArebhAra sAmagrI raju karatI, tatkAlIna samAja-saMskRtinA abhyAsa mATe ghaNI mAhitI pUrI pADatI, alaMkAramaya ane samAsapracura varNanathI khacita "vasudevahiMDI-bhA. 1'nI padyakathA ArSaprAkRtamAM lakhAyela jaina kathAgraMthanA. prathama khaMDane gujarAtI anuvAda che. mULa graMtha vacce vacce tUTaka hovAne lIdhe temAM saMpAdakanI nirNAyaka anumAnabuddhine sArI peThe zrama le paDe che. zAstrIya paddhatie "paMcataMtra'nI sarva pAThaparaMparAone tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karIne tenuM sAMgopAMga pramANabhUta saMskaraNa taiyAra karavAne ane tenI sAthe mukhya temaja vadhArAnI saghaLI nAnI moTI kathAone ziSTa ane prauDha gujarAtI bhASAmAM yathArtha anuvAda ApavAne pururSArtha karanAra sAMDesarA pahelA ja vidvAna che. "paMcataMtranI ATalI saMpUrNa ane sarva grAhI saMpAdanA hiMdabharamAM thaI nathI; eTaluM ja nahi jagatabharamAM paNa paMcataMtra'nuM punarvasana karanAra De. egaTana ane "taMtrAkhyAyikA nA saMpAdaka DaoN. harTalanA te prakAranA prayAso sivAya bhAgye ja anya koI kRti A saMpAdananI tole AvI zake. zrI. sAMDesarAe A samartha kRtine aMgrejIne badale gujarAtamAM utArIne gujarAtI bhASA ane prajA ubhayanuM gaurava vadhAryuM che. ' "sattaramAM zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvya'nuM saMpAdana paNa zrI. sAMDesarAe ja karyuM che. A zataka daramiyAna racAyelAM vividha viSaya, prakAra ane zailInAM ATha gujarAtI kAvyono A saMgraha "premapacIzI', 'mAdhavAnalakathA', "harilIlAmRta", "kapila muninuM AkhyAna' Adi ATha madhyakAlIna kRtione samAve che. upaddaghAtamAMnI vividha prati, kavio ne kRtiviSayaka mAhitI ane aMte "zabdakoza'mAM Apela vyutpatti sahita zabdArtho .kAvyanA abhyAsa pUratuM kImatI mArgadarzana Ape che. zrI. kezavarAma zAstrIe mahAbhAratanAM judAM judAM parvone AdhAre vividha gujarAtI kavioe racelAM padabaMdha AkhyAnone vyavasthita kramamAM goThavIne "mahAbhArata'nI graMthamALAno cotho ane sAtamo bhAga A dAyakAmAM pragaTa karyo che. A prakAranAM saMzodhana-saMpAdanakArya mAtra be ja rIte lAbhakArI. eka to madhyakAlIna kavioe mahAbhAratanA bhavya vastune gujarAtI bhASAmAM jhIlatAM kevIka kavitvazakti batAvI che tene tulanAtmaka tema samagra khyAla maLe che ane bIjuM bhASAzAstranI daSTie te keTalAka

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thayA dAyakAnA vAya para daSTipAta khUTatA akoDa pUrA pADe che. asAItanA "haMsAulI' kAvyanuM saMpAdana paNa emaNa ja karyuM che. ene aMge temanA taraphathI uddaghAta, TippaNa Adi sAmagrI hajI maLavI bAkI che. zrI. zAstrIe dalapatarAmanA bahata kAvyasaMgrahamAMthI rasadaSTie cUMTaNI karIne eka nAno saMgraha paNa sastu sAhityavardhaka kAryAlaya dvArA A arasAmAM pragaTa karyo che. siMdhI jena graMthamAlAnAM be saMpAdane "paumasirIcariu ane "jJAnapaMcamI kathA" pradhAna saMpAdaka-saMcAlaka munizrI jinavijayajInI preraNAthI bhAratIya vidyAbhavana aMtargata siMghI jenazAstrazikSApITha taraphathI A dAyake prakAzana pAmela che. baMne graMthane munijanI vidvattApUrNa prastAvanAne lAbha maLyo che. emAMnuM paheluM kavi dhAhilanuM raceluM apabhraMza bhASAnuM mahAkAvya che ane bIju mahezvarasUrikRti prAkRtabhASAnuM kAvya che. paumasirIcariu" cAra saMdhinuM, kula 66 kaDavakanuM baneluM addabhutarasika kathAnakavALuM mahAkAvya che. enA saMpAdako adhyA. madhusUdana modI ane adhyA. harivallabha bhAyANI apabhraMza bhASAnA jANakAra paMDita che. tADapatranI ghaNI azuddhivALI ane lahiyAnI samakAlIna bhASAnI chApavALI eka ja piothI uparathI A graMthanuM saMpAdana taiyAra thayAthI temAM ghaNe sthaLe durbodhatA rahI che. paraMtu ekaMdare saMpAdakano parizrama temAM saphaLa thayo che. kAvyanuM vyAkaraNa, chedanI zAstrIya chaNAvaTa, uttama abhyAsanI pArAzIzIrUpa TippaNa, bhASA para keTalIka pracalita mAnyatAonuM zAstrIyapaNe thayeluM khaMDana A graMthanA saMpAdananI viziSTatAo che. bIju jJAnapaMcamI kathA" jaina dharmanA lAkSaNika raMga dAkhavatI daza sthAonuM adhyA. amRtalAla gopANIe traNa hAthaprate parathI kareluM saMpAdana che. emAM prAkRta bhASAnI lagabhaga 2000 gAthAo gUMthavAmAM AvI che. kAvya mukhyataH bedhapradhAna che ane emAM rasanuM tattva ghaNuM ochuM che, chatAM tenA kavine alaMkAra, nItizRMgAra ane vyavahAracAturIne sAro abhyAsa have joIe. saMpAdakanI graMthAraMbhe mUkelI 44 pAnAMnI prastAvanA kathAsAhityanA abhyAsa mATe agatyanI che. vividha saMtonI paraMparAprApta vANune gAmegAma pharIne sva. meghANIe lekamukhethI sAMbhaLIne temanAM bhajanone moTe ja ekaThI karela, temAMthI nAnAmoTA pacIseka bhajanikonI kulle 103 kRtione "soraThI saMtavANI mAM prathama vAra graMthastha karavAmAM AvI che. sva. mevANIe pratyeka bhajananA : zabdapAThane khUba kALajIpUrvaka pasaMda karIne-maThArIne darekanA artha

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thatha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 besADavAne saphaLa prayAsa karela che. A sAthe bhAratIya bhaktipravAhanuM avalokana karIne temAM soraThI saMtanAM A bhajanonuM sthAna samajAvata ane satakabIriyA paMthanA pravartaka gaNAtA bhANasAhebathI mAMDIne "dAsI jIvaNa" tarIke jANItA thaela jIvaNadAsajI payata vistarala saMtaparaMparAnAM jIvana ane kavana vize ati mUlyavAna mAhitI Apate pravezaka joDavAmAM Avyo che, je gujarAtI bhajanasAhityanA itihAsanI puravaNInI garaja sAre tema che. A ja saMpAdake 164 duhA, dIna daravezanA 9 kuMDaliyA ane "bAjadA'nI 9 kaDIo samAvatI "soraThiyA duhA" nAmanI pustikAnuM paNa saMpAdana A arasAmAM pragaTa karyuM che. mAtra be ja lITImAM vIra, zRMgAra ne karuNa jevA rasane vedhakatAthI vahAvatA ane nItibedha, vyavahAra-zIkha ke anubhavaveNu sacoTatAthI raju karatA duhAnI zaMkti vize UMce khyAla e vAMcatAM sahajapaNe baMdhAI jAya che. A uparAMta sastuM sAhityavardhaka kAryAlaya taraphathI "choTamanI vANI', "bhakta suradAsanAM pado', "dhIrA bhagatanAM pado', "bhojA bhagatanA cAbakhA', "narasiMha ane mIrAMnAM pado', I. pustikAo prAcIna kavionI vANI sulabha thAya ane janabhAgya bane e hetuthI dAyakA daramiyAna pragaTa thaI che. che. kAntilAla vyAsanuM "vasaMtavilAsa'nuM aMgrejI saMpAdana temanI mUlyavAna prastAvanAe ane TipaNonI upayogitAe noMdhapAtra che. temAMnI keTalIka vAcanAo azuddha ane asaMgata rahI hovA chatAM vyAkaraNa, bhASA ane rasadaSTie temaNe kAvyanuM suMdara vivecana karyuM che. sattaramI sadInI gujarAtI citrakalA upara prakAza pADatA "dazAvatAracitra' viSayaka saMzedhana-pustikA ane "gujarAtI bhASA-zAstranA vikAsanI rUparekhA' vizene zAstrIya nibaMdha paNa A dAyakAmAM ja temanA taraphathI maLela che. madhyakAlIna kavitAnAM anya saMpAdanamAM ku. ciMtanyabAlA dIvAnajInuM narasiMha mahetAkata cAturI', pR. manasukhalAlanuM 'dazamaskaMdha' a. 1-25 sastuM sAhitya prakAzita "narasiMha ane mIrAM' ane zrI. jeThAlAla trivedInuM "bhAlaNanAM pado" ulekhapAtra che. | 'kAnta'nAM kAvyone prakAzamAM lAvavAnuM kAma jema prema. pAThake karyuM tema "kUlAnta'nAM kAvyone prasiddhimAM lAvavAnuM kArya zrI. umAzaMkare banAvyuM che. bAlAzaMkaranI keTalIka uttama kRtio, je graMthAkAre aprApya hatI, tenuM AsvAdana A pustakathI sulabha banyuM che. "adha

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gayA dAyakAnA vANamaya para daSTipAta sadIne dezavaTa' nAme tene upeddaghAta umAzaMkarane kavi "bAla" pratyene pramAdara batAve che. kAvyone samajavA saMpAdake "bAlamaMdinI" nAme ApelI TIkA temanI buddhicAturI ane rasadaSTine ThIka khyAla Ape che. A uparAMta zrI. caMdrazaMkara prA. zukalasaMpAdita "pIrAmIDanI chAyAmAM, pro. ThAkarasaMpAdita "ApaNuM kavitAsamRddhi', pR. rAvaLa ane sva. navalarAma trivedI saMpAdita buddhiprakAza : lekhasaMgraha : bhA. 1-2', . dhIrubhAI ThAkarasaMpAdita "maNilAlanI vicAradhArA" ane "maNilAlanA traNa lekho', cunIlAla zAha, bacubhAI rAvata ane ke. kA. zAstrIsaMpAdita graMtha ane graMthakAra-pu. 9', dI. ba. jhaverIsaMpAdita "gujarAtanI gajhale', zrI. aMjAriyA saMpAdita "kAvyasaurabha', zrI. gulAbadAsa brokarasaMpAdita "ApaNuM zreSTha vArtAo." madhubhAI paTela saMpAdita "gujarAtanAM lokagIto', kavitA" mAsikamAM pragaTa thayelAM kAvyomAMthI cUMTela kAvyasaMgraha "cayanikA" Adi vividha dRSTi, ruci ane prayojanane avalaMbIne A dAyake prasiddha thayAM che. "sAhitya pariSada pramukhanAM bhASaNe', "gu. sA. pannA teramA saMmelanane ahevAla tathA nibaMdhasaMgraha', "ItihAsa saMmelanaH nibaMdhasaMgraha", "raMgabhUmi pariSada", "ravivaMdanA', "zrI. haima sAraravatasatrane ahevAla', "zrI. gurumukhavANI vagere pustaka viziSTa samAraMbha nimitte adhikArI saMsthAo ane vyaktionI akSarapravRttinA hevAla ke pratIkarUpa che ema kahI zakAya. A saumAM "pIrAmIDanI chAyAmAM misaranI prAcIna saMskRti ane sAhityanI bharapUra sAmagrIe, saMpAdakanI vyavasthita yojanA, saMkalana ane anuvAdakalAe tathA tenA mUlyavAna vivaraNa karIne vizeSe zobhe che. "ApaNI kavitAsamRddhi" temAMnA kAvyapasaMdagInA dhoraNe nahi teTalI tenA uddaghAta-vivaraNa ane Ayojana paratve mahatvanI kare che. "buddhiprakAza ; lekhasaMgraha' gujarAtanA junA ziSTa sAmayikamAMnA vidhavidha koTinAM viSaya ane zailInA sattvazIla lekhone graMthastha karI Ape che. "maNilAlanI vicAradhArA" ane "maNilAlanA traNa lekhogujarAtanA upekSA pAmelA eka samartha ciMtakanA abhyAsapAtra chatAM aprApya banatA jatA nibaMdhane, abhyAsopagI mAhitI ane dRSTi sameta, sulabha karI Ape che. A rIte A dAyakAnA vADmayane saMzodhana-saMpAdana vibhAga ThIka mAtabara bane che ema kahI zakAya.

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ghatha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 dharma ane tatvajJAna vicArenI kazI navInatA ke asAdhAraNatA vinAnAM, paraMparita dharma ane tattvajJAnane zraddhAthI svIkArI tenuM samarthana karanArAM ke temAMthI bodha pragaTAvanArAM kuDIbaMdha pustake harakeI dAyakAnI jema A dAyake paNa ApaNane maLyAM che. emAMnAM ghaNuMkharAM pustake jIva-jagata-IzvaranA saMbaMdha vize, saMtacaritra ke tapa, dAna, bhaktinA AcAra vize ke IzvarazraddhA ane premanA mAhAmya rUpe sAMpradAyika dRSTie dharmatatvajJAnanI carcA karatAM rahe che. emAM upaniSadothI mAMDIne bauddha, jaina ane vaiSNava saMpradAya sudhInI vicAraNAnuM pratibiMba paDeluM che. AvAM pustakomAM "divyapremadarzana" (prANalAla bakSI), "divyadarzana' (zrI. vijayadAnasUrIzvarajI), "vedAMta ane yoga', "zrImad bhAgavata mArgadarzikA', "zrI. ramaNa maharSi', 'vicArasUryodaya', (cArenA kartA svAmI mAdhavatIrtha), "jJAna ane karma" (svAmI advaitAnaMda), vibhUti ' (viSNuprasAda bakSI), "parama puruSArtha ' (svAmI advaitAnaMda) ane "dAnadharma- paMcAcAra' (sva. manasukhabhAI DI. mahetA) jevAM keTalAMka ullekha pAtra che. zrImaddabhagavaddagItAnuM rahasya tAravI ApatAM Dajhaneka sArAM pustako A dAyake pragaTa thayAM che, e gItA pratyenI dharmapremI samAjanI cAlu rahelI abhimukhatAnuM nidarzana kare che. saMtacaritro ane saraLa vedAMtanAM pustako ThIka saMkhyAmAM vaMcAtAM jaNAya che. sastuM sAhityavardhaka kAryAlaya, bhaktimArga kAryAlaya ane navajIvana kAryAlaya A kSetramAM sauthI vadhu sevA bajAvI rahela che. - dhArmika sAhitya moTA pramANamAM pragaTatuM rahe che, paraMtu dharmatattvanA -bhaMDANamAM jaIne vaijJAnika buddhivALA mananazIla vAcakane dharmanuM avagAhana karAve tevAM pustake bahu ochAM maLe che. ghaNAmAM ghaNuM te AvAM pustakethI AsthALu ane dhArmika vRtti ke saMskAravALAM sarala mANasane dharmavAcanane khorAka maLe che eTaluM ja. A vibhAganAM kharekhara samRddha gaNAya tevAM pustake cAra che. saMsAra ane dharma' (mazarUvALA), "mota para manana' (dAvara), "jIvanasaMgrAma' (saM. naMdalAla bha. zAha) ane "jJAnagI caMdubhAI sAthe vArtAlApa" (saM. nArUzaMkara bhaTTa). "saMsAra ane dharma": A pustakamAM zrI. mazarUvALAnA trIsa ane emanA guru zrI nAthajInA traNa ema kula tetrIsa dArzanika lebene saMgraha

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para daSTipAta thayeluM che. ene paMDita sukhalAlajInI vicArapreraka prastAvanAne suyoga prApta thayela che. lekhakenA vaktavyane jhoka jIvananA svalakSI nahi paNa vidhalakSI beya tarapha, svataMtra vaiyaktika satyajanI pravRtti tarapha ane vyaktigata temaja sAmAjika sadAcAra tarapha vizeSa vaLe che. lekhamAM ApaNuM ghaNuM Izvara-viSayaka bhramonuM, avatAravAda ke gurupUjAvAdanuM ane dArzanika tattvajJAnanI paraMparA cAlu rahelI kevaLa bhASyo ja racavAnI pravRttine poSavAnA valaNanuM sacoTa dalIlepUrvaka khaMDana thayeluM che. ApaNe tyAM tattvavicAra kevaLa paraMparita darzananA paDachAyAmAM ja moTe bhAge raju thato hoya che. zrI. mazarUvALAe dharma ane tatvajJAnanA vividha praznonI maulika dRSTie chaNAvaTa karI prAcIna rahasyane AtmasAta karyA bAda "AtamanI sujha' vaDe tenA upara ane prakAza nAkhe che. emanI mananazIlatA, satyaniSThA ane tarkazakita game tevA gahana viSayanI AmUla pakaDa dvArA vizada AlecanA karI batAve che. paMDita sukhalAlajIe graMthanI prastAvanAmAM yogya ja kahyuM che ke "koI aMtaHprajJAnI akhaMDa sera lekhakanA manamAM niraMtara vahyA kare che A dRSTie "saMsAra ane dharma' A vibhAganuM uttama pustaka che. mota para manana' ApaNuM eka zraddhALu dharmaciMtaka ane saMmAnya adhyApaka zrI. rAvarane mRtyunI anivAryatA ane mahattA samajAvate ciMtanagraMtha che. aneka udAharaNo ane anubhava prasaMgo dvArA temaNe mRtyunuM IzvaranI yojanAmAM zuM sthAna che te batAvyuM che. mRtyunI maMgalatA, mRtyu pachInI sthiti, karma ane punarjanmanA siddhati, vividha dharmone mRtyu ane maraNottara jIvanaviSayaka khyAla vagere bAbato vize cokasAIthI aneka dalIla ane duniyAnI keTalI ya bhASAonAM sAhityamAMthI vINelAM aDhaLaka avataraNo dvArA pre. dAvare viSaya para apUrva prakAza pADayo che. graMthamAM lekhakanI bahuzrutatA, tulanAtmaka dRSTi, dhArmikatA ane saniSThA varatAI Ave che. anya be pustakamAM "jJAnagI caMdubhAI sAthene adhyAtma vArtAlApa' rAMderanA brahmaniSTha saMsAragI caMdubhAInI dharma, tattvajJAna, sAdhanA, ega ane vyavahArane lagatA aneka prazno paranI AMtara sUjhathI pragaTelI jJAnavANInuM pustaka che. temanA AdhyAtmika anubhavo ane sarala saumya vyaktitva temanI bhASA ane vicAraNAmAM baLa pUre che. evuM ja

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18 graMtha ane graMthakAra pu010 bIjuM pustaka jJAna-vairAgya--bhaktinI kavitAnA saMpAdaka zrI. naMdalAla bhA. zAhe ApyuM che. enuM nAma ' jIvanasaMgrAma '. jIvanamAM AvI paDatI Aphato prabhuprerita ane Avazyaka che ema siddha karIne khAdya ane AMtara dhaNu veLA dhIra sAdhake kevAM mana, prakRti ane vana rAkhavAM te saraLa vANImAM vizadatAthI temaNe samajAvyuM che. yeAganA samanvaya emanA saMdeza che. ka yAga ane bhakti saMskRti-ciMtana Adhunika jIvanasthitine lakSamAM rAkhIne ApaNI hAlanI sa MskRti vize svataMtra maulika ciMtana rajU karatuM samatha pustaka A dAyake eka maLyuM che te 'samULI krAnti, ' pravartamAna saMsAranA jIvananAvanI DAmADeALa sthiti ane gati batAvI, tenAM mULa kAraNeA zeAdhI jIvanasamRddhi vadhe te arthe dizAsUcanA karAvatuM A pustaka A dAyakAnuM utkRSTa ciMtanapustaka che. ApaNI bhASAne 'hiMda svarAja' pachI keTaleya varSe AvuM krAntikArI vicArasaraNIvAMLu pustaka prApta thayuM che. prajAjIvananI nADanI kharI pArakha ane tenuM yathAzakti nidAna temAM maLe che. sAcA tattvajJanI jema badhA pUrvagraho, dRDha mAnyatAo ane saMkucita mamatAthI pAra jaIne jovAnA tenA lekhaka zrI. mazarUvALAne hetu temAM pUrepUrA caritA thayelA che. dhama ane samAja, Arthika krAnti, rAja kIya krAnti ane keLavaNI e cAre vibhAgAmAM navI baLavAna jIvanavyavasthAne sarjavA mATe ane avarodhaka, saDI gayelI atyAranI saMskRti (?)te tatkALa pheMkI devA mATe zAnI sAdhanA karavI joIe enuM mA - dana lekhake temAM karAvyuM che. vaijJAnika satyazeAdhaka ane nirbhIya vicArAcAraka zrI. mazarUvALAe peAte samajela ke anubhavela satyane kazI jAtanI bAMdhADa vinA nIDarapaNe sacoTatAthI aneka zuddha pramANeA ane tarka pUta dalIlothI maDita karIne ' samULI krAnti 'mAM rajU karela che. emAMnAM keTalAMka vidhAnA ciMtya che. paNa lekhakanI satyaprIti, niSThA, mananazIlatA, anubhava, avalAkanakhaLa ane leAkasa grahanI bhAvanA game tevA vidhI vicAravALA vAcaka upara paNa prabhAva pADavA vinA rahe tema nathI. zrI. ratilAla me.trivedIkRta ' thADAMka artha daza nA 'prAcIna sAhitya, purANu ane saMskRtinAM keTalAMka rahasyone navIna jJAnamUlaka dRSTie mUlavavAnA prayAsanuM pariNAma che.

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para daMSTipAta ItihAsa gayAM dasa varasAmAM itihAsavibhAgane copaDe viziSTa yuga ane praznajIvana upara vedhaka prakAza nAkhatI eka ja saLaMga maulika aNIzuddha itihAsa-kRti jamA thaI che. bAkInAM ApaNA itihAsa vizenA lekhasaMgraheArUpa ke parabhASAmAMthI tAravaNIrUpa pustakA che. < gujarAtane sAMskRtika itihAsa H islAma yuga khaMDa 1 '; . amadAvAda' ane 'khaMbhAta ' jevA pramANabhUta graMthA ApanAra zrI. ratnamaNirAva joTetA A trIjo sama graMtha che. islAmanI pUrva bhUmikAthI mAMDIne gujarAtanI muslima saltanatanAM prArabha sudhInA samayapaTane temAM Avarela che. gujarAtanAM sthApatya, sAhitya, saMtA ane samAjajIvana vize bharapUra mAhitI ane tihAsadRSTi temAMthI maLe che. 'gujarAtI samAjanuM baMdhAraNu ' e tenuM poMdaramuM prakaraNa pustakanA zIkane kharekhara sAtha kare che. pustakamAM sa'pAdita, sa`kalita ane saMzodhita sAmagrI puSkaLa che. pATImAM ullekhAyelA saMkhyAbaMdha graMthA ane graMthakAro tathA temanA uparanI lekhakanI svata Mtra TIkAe zrI. ratnamaNirAva svataMtra dRSTinA abhyAsaka ane zAstrIya itihAsakAra che ema batAve che. " * gujarAtanA itihAsa-saMzeAdhakAmAM zrI. durgArAma zAstronuM nAma agragaNya che. A dAyakAnA 'aitihAsika sAdhanA'mAM emanA e viSayanA vidvattApUrNa lekhAnA sa Mgraha thayA che. lekhAne temaNe 'sa zeAdhananuM svArasya', 'vyaktiviSayaka saMzodhana', 'dhArmi ka pravAha', 'dezAntaCta jAtiviSayaka sa Mzodhana', sAmAjika ane prakI saMzodhana ' ane ' gujarAtanAM tau snAnA ' ema cha khaMDAmAM vaheMcI nAkhyA che. zAstrIya saMzAdhakane Avazyaka satyaniSThA, tAlanazakti, viveka, parizramavRtti, dhairya, cikitsakatA ane kauzala zrI. zAstrImAM che enI pratIti AmAMnA ghaNA lekhA karAve che. rudra-kanyAna dAnA vanamAM, rAdhAnA anveSaNamAM ane hajAmatanA saMzeAdhanamAM emanI gaMbhIra payeSaka zailI haLavI rasikatA paNa dhAraNa kare che. ' * satyAgrahAzramanA itihAsa ' eTale i. sa. 1915 mAM amadAvAdamAM sthApela sAbaramatI satyAgrahAzramamAM Adarza AzramajIvana dhaDavAnA hetue satya, ahiMsA, brahmacarya ityAdi agiyAra tene sAmudAyika rIte amalamAM mUkavAnA peAte karela prayAgAneA gAMdhIjIe peAte avaleAkanAtmaka paddhatie AlekhelA itihAsa. temAM temaNe tapa ane saMyama mATe

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu0 10 svIkArela jIvanatratAnuM tattva ane vyavahAra beunI bhUmikA upara rahIne maulika ma`dana karAveluM che. gujarAtamAM na`danA uttara jIvanathI zarU thayelI racanAtmaka dha`vicAranI pravRttine sarvAMgasaMpUrNa vikAsa ApaNane gAMdhIjInAM AvAM lakhANeAmAM vistAra pAmatA jaNAya che. pustaka gujarAtamAM utkrAMta thayela udAra ane sarvAMgrAhI, jagaddApI dharmabhAvanAne tihAsa paNa Ape che. ApaNA ciMtanasAhityamAM A kRti adhUrI hovA chatAM paNa agatyanA umerArUpa che. > < " ' < : prA. vijayarAya vaidyaracita RgvedakAlanAM jIvana ane sa MskRti ' nAmanA itihAsa -pustakamAM prAcIna tihAsanAM taiyAra anveSaNAne AdhAre vaidika samayanuM darzana karAvatA kathAtmaka. vRttAMta che. lekhakanI ghaNI mAnyatAe ane vidhAne itihAsapUta hAvA vize zaMkA che. lekhakamAM svasthatAvALI zeAdhanatti karatAM mahattvAkAMkSI prayogA karavAnuM valaNa vadhu jaNAya che. pustakanAM dharmabhAvanA ', samAjaracanA ', rAjabhAvanA ', ' zAsanapaddhati' ane ' yuddhavidyA ' eTalAM prakaraNA rA. vaidyanI citrAtmaka zailI ane kutUhalava`ka hakIkatA vaDe sabhara banyAM che. A eka itihAsaprayAga ' ja hovAthI emAM nirUpaNunI navInatA, zailI ane bhASAnuM vaicitrya ane ItihAsakathAnA rasa khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. ApaNA dhyAna zeAdhaka rA. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnAM A dAyake traNa itihAsa-pustakA prApta thayAM cheH * itihAsanI keDI ', vastupAlanuM vidyAmaMDaLa ane bIjA lekheA ' tathA jyeSThImala jJAti ane mallapurANu'. pahelAmAM itihAsa-purAtattvanA abhyAsanI keDIe vicaratAM prAcIna bhAratanAM samAja, saMskRti ne vidyAkalA upara prakAza pAthare evuM je kAMi lekhakane maLyuM. te chUTA cauda lekhA dvArA rajU thayeluM che. sAMskRtika itihAsa lekhakate abhipreta heAvAthI 'ApaNuM leAkavArtAviSayaka sAhitya ', * AyuvedanI samAlAcanA ', devadeizanAM bhegAsanAnAM zilpa ', * prAcIna bhAratanI vimAnavidyA' te kAmadevanI mUcha ' jevA vividha prakAranA viSayA temAM samAveza pAmyA che. * prazna'dha ciMtAmaNi' ane ' gujarAtanAM saMskRta nATaka ' jevA lekhA rA. sAMDesarAnI zAstrIya dRSTi, svastha lakhAvaTa ane tAlanazaktinAM darzana karAve che. rA. sAMDesarAnI khIjI ane trIjI kRti nAnakaDI pustikA che. ekamAM vastupAla ane tenA vidyAma`DaLanI sAhityarasikatA * tathA pATaNaneA jaina itihAsa, keTalAka aitihAsika zilAlekhA, naiSadhakAvyanA prasAra ane : . k '

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gayA dAyakAnA vAbhaya para daSTipAta saMDera nAmanA uttara gujarAtanA eka gAmaDA vize navI sAmagrI pUrI pADI che, te bIchamAM mallavidyA tathA dhanurvedane dhaMdhe svIkAranAra eka vAra brAhmaNa jJAtinA purANu-itihAsane paricaya karAvyo che. zrI. rAmalAla modIe zrImadda hemacaMdrAcAryane saMskRta "yAzraya" mahAkAvyamAMthI madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA sAmAjika itihAsanI upalabdha eTalI badhI sAmagrIne u5yoga "madhyakAlIna gujarAtanI sAmAjika sthiti e pustakamAM karyo che. pustakamAM sAmAjika tattanI ThIkaThIka tAravaNI che. emAMnI ghaNI hakIkate nakkara ane kutUhalapeSaka hovAthI pustaka rasaprada banyuM che. hiMdanI aMgreja vepArazAhI'mAM ItihAsanuM navuM saMzAdhana nathI, paNa svataMtra rASTrIya daSTi che. phiraMgI, valaMdA, aMgreja ne phenya vepArIenA hiMdapraveza ane vepArarItinA hevAlathI mAMDIne nAnA phaDanavIsanA mRtyu sudhIne ItihAsa bAra khaMDamAM zrI. maganabhAI pra. desAIe temAM Alekhyo che. emAM nirUpita bhAratIya daSTi, svataMtra rASTraciMtana ane ItihAsa-pRthakakaraNa ItihAsanA abhyAsIone madadagAra banaze emAM zaMkA nathI. zrI. caMdrabhAI bhaTTanAM "krAtinAM paribaLo" ane "lokakrAnti" jagatakAntinA ItihAsanuM rekhAdarzana karAvavAnA hetuthI lakhAyelAM che. I. sa. pUrve 1200-1300 varSathI zarU karIne rUsI lokakrAti sudhInI ghaTanAone A baMne pustakamAM samAveza che. lekhakanI daSTi cekhA sAmyavAdathI raMgAyelI hovAthI krAntine kAraNarUpe teo aniSTa vargabheda ane Arthika zoSaNanItine ja AgaLa kare che ane ghaNe sthaLe cAraNiyA zailI ane atizayoktimAM UtarI paDe che. A uparAMta A vibhAgamAM AvatAM "brahmadeza' (2mezanAtha raMganAtha gautama), "ApaNuM bAMdhavarASTra cIna" (jIvaNalAla cAMpAnerIA), "rAtuM rUsa' ane 'jaya soviyeTa" (caMdrabhAI kA. bhaTTa), "jaya IDoneziyA' ane ApaNe sAgarasainika' (mahendra meghANI ) vagere mAhitI pUrNa pustake ullekhavAM joIe. gujarAta sAhitya sabhAnA upakrame amadAvAdamAM yojAyelA prathama ItihAsa saMmelana prasaMge rajU thayelA nibaMdhamAMthI cuMTelA 20 nibaMdhanA saMgraha "ItihAsa saMmelana-nibaMdhasaMgraha'ne mukhyatve temanA "pazcimI kSatrapo' ( mAMkaDa ), "ItihAsalekhana' (rAmalAla

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72 graMtha ane graMthakAra pu.10 " meAdI ), * keTalAka hastalikhita phArasI graMtha ' ( dI. kha. jhaverI ), ' guja. rAtanA itihAsamAM kacchanuM sthAna ' ( rAmasihajI rAThoDa ) ane DaoN. sAletAranA be aMgrejI lekhAne lIdhe mahattvanA gaNuvA joie. samAjivadyA (arthakAraNa, rAjakAraNa ityAdi) dAheAda te jhAlAda tAlukAmAM savA lAkhanI saMkhyAmAM vasatA bhIleAnAM rUpa, guNa, svabhAva, raheThANu, bhASA, dhadhA, paheraveMza, ala'kAra, janma maraNa ne lagnanI vidhio, khArAka, raheNIkaraNI, jamaNavAra, dhama, vahemA, tahevAro te utsavA vize jAtaanubhava ane avaleAkanane AdhAre bhIla sevAma`DaLanA AjIvana sabhya rA. pAMDuraMga vaNIkare samAjazAstranA abhyAsIene upayAganI puSkaLa sAmagrI 'gujarAtanA pa'camahAla jillAnA bhIleA 'mAM rajU karI che. tenAM chellAM pANAse pAnAMmAM bholenAM lagnagItA, zauya gItA, garakhAla DALa, kahevatA, aTakA ne bhilADI rAmAyaNa ApyAM che. gujarAtanA pUrvI sImADA upara vasatI A Adi prajAnI tapAsa nRva vidyAnI ane mAnavijJAnanI dRSTie paNa thaI hAta teA pustakanI upayeAgitA eNra vadhata. paNu samAjazAstra ane bhASAzAstranA rasiyAonI pustaka dvArA sevA thaI che, te alpa nathI. gujarAtI sAhityanA pradezamAM sa. 1971mAM pragaTa thayela * bhInnenAM gIta ' pachInA e prajA sabaMdhI A khIjo noMdhapAtra graMtha che. zrI. ramaNalAla va. desAie gaNikAvRtti ane tenI saMsthAo vizene gRhannibaMdha 'apsarA' cAra kha`DamAM pragaTa karyAM che. mAnavajAtine mAthe kala`karUpa gaNAya tevI hajI e pravRttie vizvamAM cAlu che: yuddha ane gaNikA. vaijJAnika dRSTie nahi teTalI aitihAsika ane sAmAjika dRSTie vezyAsasthAne Ugama, gaNikAvRttinA phelAvA, tenAthI upajatAM guhya dardI, strInI gulAmI ane tenI dalAlI, yuddhanI tenA para paDatI asara, gaNikAvRttinuM kAyadA dvArA niyaMtraNa ane raziyA, amerikA, hiMda, yureApa ane eziyAnI gaNikAsaMsthAo sabadhI vistArathI, akaDAe sahita, temaNe mAhitI ApI che te cikitsA karI che. itihAsa ane sAhityamAMthI aneka dRSTAMtA ApIte temaNe viSayacarcAne rasika banAvI che. lekhakanI kautulika paye - NakatA, kathananI sarasatA, dRSTinI sagrAhitA ane surucinA dhAraNanI +

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gayA dAyakAnA vAmaya para daSTipAta sAcavaNI A hadabahAra lAMbA thaI gayelA nibaMdhanA vAcanane sahya banAve tema che. zrI. vimala zAha ane zrI. saralA zAhamRta "bhuvelanI tapAsa" khaMbhAta pAsenA bhuvela gAmanI sAmAjika ane Arthika tapAsano ahevAla ' che. taMdurastI, svacchatA, sAmAjika ane dhArmika jIvana, rAjyavahIvaTanI vyavasthA uparAMta Arthika jIvana vagere lokajIvananAM sarva pAsAMne citAra temAM maLe che. khetIvADI, jamInanI vaheMcaNInI prathAo, gAmaDAnA dhaMdhArojagAra, lokonI sAmAjika ane dhArmika rUDhio, temanI Avaka -jAvaka ane devuM, sahakArI taMtra ane gAmane lagatI sAmAnya mAhitI Adi aneka bAbatonI vyavasthita rajuAta emAM thaI che. pariziSTo, aparicita zabdonI samajutI, aneka keThAo, AkRtio, nakazAo tathA phoTogrAphothI pustaka zAstrIya abhyAsa ane nirIkSaNanA niceDarUpa banavA uparAMta samAjavidyAnI vyAvahArika tAlImanI dizAmAM navuM pagaluM pADe che. AcArya dhruva, mahAmahopAdhyAya zrIdhara zAstrI, pAThaka ane pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe tathA bIjA vidvAnonAM saMzodhana-vivecano lAbha levA uparAMta aneka dharmagraMthamAMthI puSkaLa sAmagrI tAravIne te dvArA zrI. caMdrazaMkara zukale "maMdira praveza ane zAstro mAM pratipAdita karyuM che ke vedakALamAM aspRzyatA nahetI; purANamAM cAMDAla, guhane bhIla aspRzya nathI gaNAyAH gItA, bhAgavata ane bhAgavatadharmamAM cAMDAladveSane avakAza ja nathIH zaMkarAcArya Adi dharmAcAryo ane ekanAtha Adi saMtoe aspRzyatAno virodha karyo che. jaina, bauddha, puSTimArga ane svAmInArAyaNa saMpradAyanA mULa saMsthApakonAM vacanone aspRzyatAne koI rIte Take nathI - aspRzyatAne zAstrasaMmata dharma mAnI beThelI hiMdu janatAne bhrama dUra karavA vedakALathI mAMDIne Aja sudhInA traSimunio, dharmAcAryo ane sAdhusaMtonAM vacane te te prasaMgonI kathAo sAthe pustakamAM TAMkavAmAM AvyAM che. ekaMdare AjanA savarNonuM harijano pratyenuM valaNa-vartana keTaluM vicAramUDhatAvALuM ane adhArmika che enuM sacoTa bhAna pustaka karAve che. gAmaDAMnI utpatti kema thaI e varNavI pacAsa varSa pahelAMnAM gAmaDAMnAM taMtra, samAjajIvana, zikSaNa, tahevAro, lokonA AcAravicAra, zramavyavasthA ane dinacaryAnuM yathArtha nirUpaNa zrI. ravizaMkara mahArAje becAsaNanA vallabhavidyAlayamAM ApelAM vyAkhyAnanA saMgraha "grAmaracanAmAM

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 50 10 maLe che. gAmaDAMnAM ajJAna, vyasane, saMgaThanane abhAva, asvacchatA ane rUDhimamatva paNa temAM vyAkhyAtAe cIMdhyAM che. ApaNI saMskRti kema tUTI, AjanI keLavaNIe ApaNane kevA karI mUkayA, gAMdhIjIe temAM kevuM parivartana ANyuM vagere muddAo mahArAje potAnI sIdhI, saraLa, spaSTa ane legamya bhASAmAM sAhajikatAthI chaNyA che. grAmINa lekasamAjanAM upAdeya ane heya tane pUrepUrA pichANI mahArAje tenuM sAcuM , nidAna karIne zramasevArUpI auSadhanI pustakamAM himAyata karI che. sastuM sAhityavardhaka kAryAlaye zro. vidyAbahena nIlakaMTha ane zrI prabhudAsa paTavArI pAse saMpAdana karAvela "strIonA vividha prazno' strIonI vartamAna sAmAjika, Arthika, zikSaNaviSayaka ane zArIrika sthitino samagra khyAla ApatA sAta InAmI niba dhana saMgraha che. sAtamAMthI mAhitInI dRSTie pahelA traNa nibaMdha dhapAtra Thare tema che. sAte lekhakanI vicAraNA Aveza ne UmilatArahita svasthatAvALI che, saMpAdako ane prakAzakanAM nivedane tathA graMthAjo chApelA samAjamAM strIonA sthAna vizene gAMdhIjInA vicAre mananapreraka che. A uparAMta samAjanI tathA nArIjIvananI vicArapreraka sAmagrI mATe "sabaLabhUmi gujarAta' (rAyacurA ), "kAThiyAvADanA mUmanA" (bhagavAnalAla mAMkaDa), gujarAtanI zarIrasaMpatti' (anAmI), "prasuti' (Do. ratilAla bhaTTa), "haLapatimukti" (jugatarAma dave), vagere pustake A vibhAgamAM ullekhI zakAya. saMsArazAstranI keTalIka samasyAo chaNIne te dvArA mArgadarzana karAvavAne A dAyake rA. sopAne ThIka prayatna karyo che. "lagnasAdhanAmAM temaNe AjanAM kumAra-kumArikAonAM jIvana ane lagna saMbaMdhI svastha ne vizada carcA karI che. rA. maMjulAla desAIe "hastameLApa'mAM vivAha saMskAra, lagnasaMsthA ane lagnajIvananA Adarzo vize sArI sAmagrIno saMcaya karyo che. zrI. sopAnanI jema zrI. manumatI ane zrI devazaMkara mahetAe "mUMjhavatA prazno mAM paNa e ja prakAranA prazno cheDayA che. arthazAstramAM sauthI vadhu dhyAna kheMce evuM pustaka zrI. naraharibhAI parIkhanuM mAnava arthazAstra' che. arthazAstranA svataMtra maulika graMtha gujarAtImAM che ja nahi, evI paristhitimAM A grantha khUba mahatvane Thare che. "prAstAvika "utpAdana," "vinimaya,' "vaheMcaNI,' "vyaya," "navIna artharacanA' ane "mULa udyoge ' e sAta bhAgamAM arthazAstranAM mULatanI ane ene

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6 gayA dAyakAnA vANamaya para daSTipAta lagatA lagabhaga tamAma praznonI carcA graMthamAM sAMkaLavAmAM AvI che. lekhakanuM daSTibida sarvodayane lakSata ane gAMdhIvAdI vicArasaraNIne puraskAra hovAthI bahujanasamAjanA hita ane AbAdInI daSTie atyAranI arthavyavasthAnAM dUSaNo ane tenA nivAraNanI, mUDIpationA TrasTIpaNAnI bhAvanAnI, jarUriyAta ghaTADavAnA upAyonI, saMkhyAvRtinA niyamanamAM saMyamanA ja AgrahanI, gAMdhIjInA Arthika kAryakramane navI artharacanA tarIke samajAvavAnI vicAraNuM ane himAyata samagra graMthamAMthI phalita thAya che. e daSTie arthazAstranA ghaNA dhuraMdhara paradezI lekhakethI naraharibhAI judA paDe che. ethI e viSayanA abhyAsIone kadAca A pustaka janavANI ne nItivAdI lAgavA paNa saMbhava che. tema chatAM vistArathI zAstrIya rIte saraLa ane svaccha bhASAmAM zrama ane khaMtapUrvaka viziSTa dRSTithI lakhAyelo A graMtha arthazAstranA vibhAgamAM A dAyakAnuM apUrva arpaNa che ane kolejamAM arthazAstranuM pAThayapustaka banavAnI yogyatA dharAve che. - hiMdanAM khetI, udyogo, beMka ne zarAphI, nANacalaNa, relve, nahera, paradezane vepAra, lazkarI kharca sarakArI pagAranIti, vahANavaTuM, sahakArI pravRtti ane sarakArI devA jevA viSayo para AMkaDA ne vigato sAthe bhAratIya arthazAstranA vidyArthIne upayogI thAya evI vipula mAhitI raju karate rA. viThThaladAsa keDArIne "hiMdanuM prajAkIya arthazAstra' sAmAnya vAcakane mATe paNa yogya pravezagraMtha banI zake tema che. nahero karatAM relvene prAdhAnya ApavAnI tathA AbakArI Avaka, mahesUla, mIThAvero, pagAra ne hUMDiyAmaNanI sarakArI nItinI pustakamAM ucita prasaMge TIkA karavAmAM AvI che. chellA prakaraNamAM sara vizvezvaraiyAnI, muMbaI-pejanA nAme oLakhAtI udyogapationI, zrI. agravAlanI ane zrI. ema. ena. raoNyanI temaja hiMdI ane muMbaI sarakAranI yuddhotara Arthika vikAsanI janAone paricaya karAvyo che. lekhakanuM valaNa racanAtmaka kAryanI himAyata karanAruM ane sarvodayane bhajanAruM che. ethI "mAnava arthazAstrInI jema A pustaka paNa navI paristhitimAM sAva binavyavahArune AkSepa A zAstranA abhyAsIo taraphathI meLave te navAI nahi. ' "se TakA svadezI'nA pahelA vibhAgamAM gAMdhIjI "svadezIne arthavistAra karIne bhAvanAne vyavahAramAM utAravAnI gurucAvIo batAve che. emAM "svadezI' vizenAM gAMdhIjInAM bhASaNe ane lekhane saMgraha thaye che,

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graMtha ane graMthakA pu. 10 emAM temanI rajerajane khaMkheLatI, abhyAsa ane anubhavapUrNa, vyavahAra kSama chatAM AdhyAtmika dRSTine sAkSAtkAra thAya che. pustakanA bIjA vibhAgamAM sva. mahAdeva desAI, zrI. pyArelAla, svAmI AnaMda, zrI. vaikuMTha mahetA, zro. caMdrazaMkara zukala, pro. kumArapA, ne che. puraNanA lekho svadezInI bhAvanA ane vyavahArakSamatA vize upayogI AMkaDA ane manana rajU kare che. "svadezIne saMpUrNa ne vyApaka artha, khAdI ane grAmaghoganI upayogitA, emane naDatA aMtarAyo ne aMtarAyo TALavAnA upAya, e badhuM vyavasthita rUpe ahIM nirUpaNa pAmyuM che. 'hiMdanuM nANataMtra' e zrI. jayaMtIlAla ha. mahetAnuM arthazAstranA mahattvanA ane vyavahAru aMgarUpa nANunA viSayanuM dAyakAnuM AvakAralAyaka pustaka che. (jo ke A ja dAyakAmAM, agAu "ApaNuM nANAvaTuM" e nAme te pragaTa thayeluM.) hiMdI nANAvaTane vikAsakrama AlekhI kheDUtonI Arthika sthiti, zAhukAre, zarApha ane vepArI beMkonI kAryapaddhatinAM balAbala batAvI, sahakArI pravRtti, sarakArI beMka ane udyogaviSayaka artha pramANa vize vyavasthita rUpamAM pramANabhUta mAhitI ApIne hiMdI nANavaTAnI viziSTatAo ane khAmIo emAM tAravI batAvavAmAM AvI che. viSayanuM nirUpaNa sarala rItimAM ane Avazyaka vigatonI spaSTa carcA sahita temAM thayelo che. paradezI mUDI ane tenAM pariNAmo, phugA ane tenI nANataMtra para thatI asara, breTanavuDjha ejanA vagere mahatvanI bAbato vize AMkaDA ane pramANe sAthe temAM samajutI ApavAmAM AvI che. gujarAtImAM nANAviSayaka pUstakanI khoTa AnAthI keka pUrI paDI gaNAze. samAjavAda athavA sahakAra dvArA sarvodaya' e zrI. jagannAtha desAIe lakheluM pustaka A viSayanA sAhityamAM mahatvanA umerArUpa che. samAjavAdane mAtra arthakAraNa ukela tarIke nahi paNa jIvananI philmaphI tarIke jovAnI lekhakanI daSTi che. tethI temaNe strIpuruSane saMbaMdha, dharma, keLavaNI vagere praznane samAjavAdI pArzvabhUmAM nihALyA che. samAjavAdanI aitihAsika bhUmikAthI mAMDIne tenI virodhI tema anukULa vicArasaraNIonI tulanA paryaMta temaNe ene arthavistAra sAdhI batAvyo che. gAMdhIjInI ahiMsAne temAM svIkAra thayo che, paNa yaMtraniSedhanuM khaMDana karavAmAM AvyuM che. udAharaNo ApIne samajAvavAnI emanI paddhati, svastha pravAhI zailI ane pustakanI prakaraNabaddhatA gamI jAya tevAM che.

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gayA dAyakAnA vADamaya para daSTipAta dharA. DuMgarazI saMpaTanuM "vepAra ane vANijya' mAhitI pUrNa pustaka che. emAM mohedAronA samayathI zarU karI cheka aMgrejonA samaya sudhInAM bhAratIya vepAravANijya saMbaMdhI mAhitI judA judA graMthakArone AdhAre saMkSepamAM raju karavAmAM AvI che. pustakanA pahelA bhAgamAM chellA vizva yuddha sudhIne vepArI ItihAsa, te bIjA bhAgamAM yuddha pachInA hiMdanA udyogo vize AMkaDA ane anumAne tAravI ApelAM che. kapAsa, kApaDa, kAlaso, zaNa, khAMDa, vahANavaTuM, relave, loDhuM, pilAda, kAgaLa, rAsAyaNika padArtho, banAvaTI rezama, jaLavidyutazakti vagerenA udyogo vize temaNe bharapUra sAmagrI ekaThI karI ApI che. A dAyakAmAM agAu pragaTa thayelA temanA svataMtra bhArata "no ja A pustaka punarAvatAra hoya ema jaNAya che. A uparAMta "gAmaDAM ane sahakAra' (kezavalAla aMbAlAla Thakkara), hiMdanI Arthika durdazA' (DuMgarazI saMpaTa ), vyApArI sarvajJAnasaMgraha" (DuMgarazI saMpaTa), "pAka kema vecaze?" (harivadana parIkha) (anAjane savAla' (zrInivAsa sadezAI) "RNamukti ane racanAkArya" (naTavaralAla mA. sUratI ), "vastrasvAvalaMbana " (dAmodara che. trivedI ) Adi arthakAraNane lagatAM bIjo ulekhapAtra pustake A dAyakAmAM pragaTa thayelAM che. rAjakAraNanAM maulika pustakamAM AgaLa tarI Ave tevAM pAMca che: "saradAra vallabhabhAInAM bhASaNo', " rAjaya ane rAjakAraNa" ( harakAnta zukala) "soviyeta raziyA" (bhogIlAla gAMdhI), "pAsiphika (bhAskararAva vikAsa) ane "dakSiNa AphrikAnI raMgabhUmi.' (prANazaMkara somezvara joSI ). bAkInA paikI "hiMdano komI trikoNa', "akhaMDa hiMdustAna ', " racanAtmaka kAryakrama ', "gAMdhIjIno sarakAra sAthe patra vyavahAra' vagere A vibhAganAM kImatI pustake gaNI zakAya, paNa te maulika gujarAtI lakhANa nathI, anuvAdo che. saradAra vallabhabhAInAM bhASaNa' navajIvana kAryAlaya taraphathI rA. narahari parIkhane hAthe saMpAdana pAmIne pragaTa thayela che. saradArazrInI vaktatvalAnI nedha AgaLa levAI gaI hovAthI ahIM te eTaluM ja kahevuM basa thaze ke sAMprata rAjakAraNanA phUTamAM kUTa prazno emAM saraLatAthI samajAvAyA che. asahakAranAM AMdolane, aMgrejonI cUsaNanIti, amaladArazAhIne julama, janatAne kartavyadharma vagere emAM saradAranI asarakAraka

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na thaze ane graMthakAra 50 10 vANImAM vyakta thayAM che. bAraDolI, kheDA ane rAsanA satyAgraha veLAnAM bhASaNe khAsa noMdhavA jevAM che. I. sa. 1920 thI 45 sudhIne dezanA rAjakAraNano vyavasthita ItihAsa paNa e pustakamAMthI maLI rahe che. rAjaya ane rAjakAraNa" rAjakAraNanA viSaya para vistRta zAstrIya carcA karate, tulanAtmaka abhyAsanA phaLarUpa ane gujarAtI vADamayanuM A dizAnuM dAridraya ghaTADavAne prayAsa karatA AvakAradAyaka graMtha che. graMthanA viSayanirUpaNamAM samagratA jaLavAI che; daSTinI ekAgratA ane adyatanatA paNa emAM jovA maLe che. hiMdu rAjatvanI bhUtakAlIna bhUmikA, rAjakAraNa saMrayAo ane matasaraNI one etihAsika vikAsa, rAjakAraNa AdarzonI carcA tathA tulanA vagere emAM vyavasthita rajUAta pAmyAM che. viSayanuM svataMtra saMzodhana, ciMtana ke darzana pustakamAM kayAM ya jaNAtuM nathI. pazcimI vicArasaraNIone lekhake jema che tema svIkArI lIdhI hovAthI temanI vicArasaraNImAM parAvalaMbananI maryAdA khaTake che. pustakanI bhASA paNa keTaleka aMze rAjakAraNanA viSayane mATe pAMgaLI ane anucita arthAvALI che. Ama chatAM zrI. harakAnta zukalano A prayAsa upakAraka che. aMgrejI nahi jANanAra varganI temaja rAjakAraNanA viSathamAM paveza karanAra vidyArthIonI daSTie pustaka upayogI gaNAya. zro. bhegIlAla gAMdhIkRta "soviyeta raziyA' I. sa. 1917nI krAnti pachI zramajIvI saramukhatyArIe raziyAnI dharatI para vargavihIna samAjaracanA sthApavA je bhagIratha prayogo karyA tenI siddhione vivaraNatmaka paricaya Ape che. lekhaka sAmyavAda ane raziyAnA rAjakAraNanA jabarA abhyAsI ane prazaMsaka hovAthI viSayanuM nirUpaNa utsAhapUrNa ane hetulakSI banyuM che. raziyAnI navaracanAmAMthI ApaNI dharatI ane sthitisaMjogone mAphaka Ave evuM keTaluMka batAvavA pUratAM AvAM pustake sAdhanarUpa bane che. soviyeta baMdhAraNa tathA zAsanapaddhatinuM vivaraNa tathA raziyAnA kalAkAra, vaijJAnika ane dhArmika svAtaMtrya vize pravartatA keTalAka pUrvagrahanuM nirasana karavAne A graMthanA lekhake samartha prayatna karyo che. zrI. bhAskararAva vikAsanuM "pAsiphika" che te nAnakaDuM pustaka. pArakI prajAone lUMTavAnI kalAmAM pravINa ane lUMTIne temane mUchamAM nAkhavAnI nItimAM pAvaradhI sAmrAjyazAhInA aMdaranA viSasvarUpanuM temAM yathArtha darzana karAvAyuM che. viSayane lekhake saralatAthI cacI batAvyo che

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para daSTipAta .6 ane sAmAnya varSAMte jhaTa gaLe UtarI jAya e rIte nirUpyA che. vartamAna jagatanA rAjakAraNanA vividha viSayo ane prazno mATe AvAM laghu pustakA ThIka mAhitIprada nIvaDe. e ja pramANe rA. prANazaMkara se. joSIe dakSiNa AphrikAnI raMgabhUmi 'mAM vasAhatone prazna NyA che. dakSiNa AphrikAnI vasAhatamAM meATA bhAga gujarAtIone hAvAthI, gujarAtIonI tyAMnA rAjakAraNamAM sthiti, pravRtti temaja tyAMnA temanA sAmAjika prazno vagerenuM mAhitIpUrNa nirUpaNa temAM maLe che. pustakanI zarUAtanAM 48 pAnAMmAM lekhake peAtAne paricaya ApyA che! kALa A uparAMta rA. maganabhAI desAie 'rASTrIya mahAsabhA ane vidyArthIpravRtti'mAM gAMdhIjIe vidyAthI e aMge karelI sUcanAenA bhASyavistAra karI vidyAthI saMgaThana ane vidyArthI kAryakSetra paratve kaoNngrese karelI asarAnuM bayAna karyuM che. zrI. bhAgIlAla gAMdhIe 'sAmyavAda' e 60 pAnAMnI pustikAmAM mAsa ane lenina-stAline raceluM sAmAjika krAntinu vijJAna tathA prAcIna sAmyavAdathI raziyAnI majUra krAnti sudhInAM vikAsaseApAnA samajAvela che. 'mahAsabhAnA TharAvA' ( viThThaladAsa kAThArI ), 'ApaNI dhrAMgresa' ( ramaNIkalAla zAha ), gAmaDAMnuM svarAjaya '( IndulAla yAjJika ), yuddha ane gAmaDAM ' ( rAmarAya munazI ), ' AjhAdInI yajJajavALA (karasanadAsa mANeka ), '1943nAM pagaraNu ' ( ratilAla mahetA ), ' hiMda vizvayuddhanA vamaLamAM ' ( DuMgarazI saMpaTa ), 'hiMdustAnaneA rAjakArabhAra ( cimanalAla DaoNkaTara ) Adi nAnAM moTAM pustako paNa A dAyakAnAM ja prakAzane che. 6 " * samAjazAstra, arthakAraNa ane rAjakAraNa e traNe viSayeAnuM sAhitya ApaNI bhASAmAM pramANumAM alpa ane zaktimAM pAMgaLuM che. tene viSayanAM palaTAtAM svarUpone,tathA praznone,spaSTa ane zuddha rIte zAstrIya dRSTie samajAve evAM pramANabhUta graMthAnI, gujarAta yunivarsi`TI ucca zikSaNanu* mAdhyama gujarAtI banAvavAnI hAMza rAkhe che tyAre te, khAsa jarUra che. ApaNA dhaNAkharA lekhAmAM abhyAsa ane avaleAkanatti haze, paNa tenI cikitsA mATe Avazyaka parizuddha, samatola, zAstrIya daSTi tathA ciMtanazIlatA haju dhaNe aMze keLavavAnI jarUra che. A vibhAganu' lagabhaga pacAzI TakA sAhitya prayAra-daSTinu ke prAsaMgika khapatuM ja hovAthI tenI lakhAvaTa paNa vamAnapatrazailInI ja rahI che.

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A graMtha ane graMthakAra 50 10 keLavaNI itihAsa, rAjakAraNa Adi viSayanA sAhitya karatAM A dAyake zikSaNanA sAhityano phAla ThIka ThIka he jaNAya che. emAM "keLavaNIvikAsa" ane "keLavaNIviveka" (rA. mazarUvALA), "keLavaNInI pagadaMDI' (zrI. nAnAbhAI bhaTTa), "AtmaracanA athavA AzramI keLavaNI" (rAjugatarAma dave ), "zikSaNa ane saMskRti' (zrI. ravizaMkara mahArAja ), jIvana dvArA zikSaNa" (zrI. zivAbhAI ge. paTela), "cAra moracAnI keLavaNI' (dAmubhAI zukala), "navI keLavaNInA dArzanika pAThanI vicAraNA (rA. puruSottamadAsa zAha), "bhIMtapatra dvArA lekazikSaNa' (zrI. babalabhAI mahetA), "sArjanTa pejanA' (harabhAI trivedI), 'hiMdI sarakAranI zikSaNajanA (viThThaladAsa koThArI) "gharazALA ane zerI' (girIzabhAI bhaTTa ), "seviyeTa zikSaNa' (prasannavadana vakIla), "saha-zikSaNa' (anAmI) grAmasevAnA dasa kAryakramo (jugatarAma dave) vagere saMkhyAbaMdha pustakone samAveza thAya che. "zikSaNa sAdhanA' (AcArya kSitimohana sena), samartha zikSaNazAstrI ela. pI. jephasanAM pustakonA anuvAdo tathA "AtmazilpanI keLavaNI" (rA. munazI) A ja dAyakAmAM pragaTa thayAM che, paNa anuvAda hevAthI temane mAtra nirdeza ja karyo che. keLavaNIviveka" ane "keLavaNIvikAsa' baMne pustake ApaNuM samartha lokahitaciMtaka zrI. kizoralAla mazarUvALAnA keLavaNIviSayaka lekhonA saMgraho che. gAMdhIjIe rASTrIya zikSaNane prayoga sAbaramatI AzramamAM karele. tenI bhAvanA, vyavahArakSamatA ane upayogitA vize carcA karatA kAkAsAheba naraharibhAI ane kizoralAlabhAIe saMkhyAbaMdha lekhe lakhelA. temAMthI "nayI tAlIma'nuM dhyeya, sAdhana ItyAdi samajAvatA kizoralAlabhAInA lekhe temanI vyApaka, sUkSma ane maulika parIkSakabuddhinI tathA zikSaNasUjhanI pratIti karAve che. udyoga dvArA keLavaNInI himAyata, zramajIvI saMskRtinuM gaurava, ItihAsanA zikSaNa vizene temane vilakSaNa mata, manuSyanI jIvanavyApI, sarvAgI keLavaNInI agatya, mAnavajIvana ane vizvajIvanano samanvaya, uccazikSaNa ane prAthamika zikSaNa, mANasAInI, pratiSThAnI ane nirvAhanI keLavaNI, vilAsa ane bhagavRttine uzkeranArA zALA-kaeNlejonA meLavaDAo A badhA muddAo A baMne lekhasaMgrahomAM spaSTatAthI carcAyA che. jIvanamAM keLavaNIne yogya viniyoga nahi karI

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gayA dAyakAnA vAyumaya para daSTipAta zakatA, atyAranI vaMdhya keLavaNamAMthI UgaravA mAgatA ane mANasAInI tathA nirvAhanI keLavaNIne mATe yogya paddhati zedhatA anekenI mUMjhavaNa TALIne spaSTa mArgadarzana karAve tevI A pustakamAMnI lekhakanI vicArazreNI che. zrI. mazarUvALA maulika vicAraka ane Ajanma keLavaNIkAra che. gAMdhIjIe sthApela vidyApIThanA teo mahAmAtra hatA. gAMdhIjIe prabodhelA rASTrIya zikSaNanA vitaraNa ane vicAramAM temane ane kAkAsAhebane phALo avismaraNIya che. anubhava ane buddhinA nIceDarUpe temaNe ahIM keLavaNunuM darzana ane zAstra, tenAM vividha pAsAM, kakSAo ne akhatarAo, tene dharma samAja ane rAjaya sAthe saMbaMdha vagere bAbatone sUkSma parAmarza karI batAvyo che. jANItA keLavaNIkAra zrI. nAnAbhAI bhaTTanA be dAyakAnA zikSaNakSetranA prayogo ane anubhavo vyakta karatA 64 lekhono saMgraha "keLavaNInI pagadaMDImAM thayo che. lekhene siddhAMtacarcA ane vyavahAracarcA evA be khaMDomAM vaheMcavAmAM AvyA che. Adarzane vyavahAranI bhUmikA para kema utArAya enI ja vicAraNA lagabhaga badhA lekhamAM thayelI che. emAM ItihAsanAM pAThyapustako vize, vidyAthI keLavaNImAM pravAsanA mahattva vize, cAritryanI keLavaNI vize, audyogika tathA dhArmika keLavaNI vize gujarAtI sAhityanA zikSaNa vize ane khAsa karIne zikSaNasaMsthAo ne chAtrAlayanA Adarza saMcAlana vize samRddha carcA thaI che. zrI. nAnAbhAI adhikArI, anubhavI keLavaNIvicAraka che. temanI dRSTi keLavaNIne jIvananA vyApaka arthamAM jenArI che. keLavaNI saMsthAone temane bahoLo ane UMDe anubhava pustakanI upayogitAnuM khAsa aMga che. zrI. jugatarAma davee sAbaramatI jelamAM AzramajIvana paratve roja brAhmamuhUrtamAM ciMtana kareluM tenA phaLa rUpe temanI pAsethI 76 pravacanane saMgraha "AtmaracanA athavA AzramI keLavaNI' A dAyake pragaTa thayo che. emAM svacchatA, zarIrazrama, sUtrayajJa, AhAra, samayapatraka, bhaMgIkArya, svayaMpAka, khAdI, svadezI pizAka, prArthanA, grAmavAsIone saMparka ane sevA-evA AzramajIvananA nityanA AcAradharmanI saiddhAtika tema vyavahAru carcA saraLatAthI thaI che. AzramavAsIonuM khAnagI jIvana, sAMsArika jIvana, rASTrajIvana ane dharmajIvana paNa temAM carcavAmAM AvyuM caM. 11

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zretha ane graMthakAra 50 10 che. lagabhaga badhA ja lekhe gAMdhIjInI AzramabhAvanAnAM bhASya jevA che. temane veDachI svarAja-AzramanA saMcAlanane anubhava ane satyAgrahAzramane anubhava dareka lekha pAchaLa Ubho che. AzramI keLavaNI jIvanaghaDatara ane svarAjaracanAnI pravRtti mATe mahattvanuM sAdhana che evI lekhakanI zraddhA ahIM pratyeka lekhano bIjarUpe dekhAya che. bALazikSaNa ane uccazikSaNa vizenAM temanAM maMtavyo ciMtya che. vicAronI rajUAta vyavasthita paNa kaMIka vadhu paDatI vistArI ane lakhAvaTa saraLa pravAhI ane RjutAbharI che. TUMkamAM A ya graMtha Azramika keLavaNInI mImAMsA paratve pramANabhUta sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. A ja lekhakanuM bIjuM pustaka "grAmasevAnA dasa kAryakramo' gAmaDAMmAM kAma karanArane upayogI mArgadarzana pUruM pADe che. zikSaNazAstranI aneka nAnImoTI gUMco emaNe pustakamAM UkelI batAvI che. govALiyAonuM zikSaNa, nirakSaratAnivAraNa, grAmajanone vijJAna zIkhavavAnI himAyata vagere praznone saraLa taDa temaNe kADhI Ape che. emanAM keTalAMka vidhAna zikSaNaviSayaka krAntinI daSTi batAve che. baMne pustaka batAve che ke jugatarAmabhAI samartha keLavaNIkAra ane namra lekasevaka che. zikSaNa ane saMskRti' jANItA lekasevaka ane lekazikSaka zrI. ravizaMkara mahArAjanAM aDhAreka vyAkhyAnane saMgraha che. "pAyAnI keLavaNI" eTale zArIrika vaitarAne Agraha karatI keLavaNanI yojanA evI pracalita gerasamajata A vyAkhyAne dUra kare che. zikSaNa eTale mAnavasaMskRtine pAyAmAMthI caNavAnuM sAdhana e khyAla aneka udAharaNo dvArA te janmAve che. zikSaNazAstra ke amuka zikSaNa paddhatinI carcAmAM UtaravAne bale mahArAje gAMdhIjIe prabodhela unnata zikSaNadRSTine lakSamAM rAkhIne saMskRtinI bhAvanA samajAvavA para ja lakSa kendrita karyuM che. pariNAme vyAkhyAmAM mahArAjanI UMDI, tattvaniSTha ne vyavahArazIla jJAnadaSTino paricaya thAya che. e dRSTie "vicAramaya jIvana" tathA "zikSaNaviSayaka daSTi' baMne prakaraNa noMdhapAtra che. sarvabhogya zailImAM lakhAyelAM AvAM pustakenI gujarAtane khAsa jarUra che. : zabdakoSa A dAyake pAribhASika zabdonA ane sArtha joDaNInA kezanAM keTalAMka mahatavanAM pustako pragaTa thayAM che. jo ke hajI pAribhASika zabdonI racanAmAM chevaTane nirNaya tadvidA taraphathI maLyuM nathI temaja vahetA

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thayA dAyakAnA vamaya para daSTipAta mukAelA zabda sarvamAnya ke calaNI banaze ja evuM kahI zakAya tema paNa nathI, tema chatAM lagabhaga tamAma zabdaprayoga pAchaLa tenA jakanI kaI ne kaI siddhAMtika vicArazreNi te kAma karatI thaI gaI che. "bhagavad gomaMDaLa': goMDalanareza zrI. bhagavatasiMhanI avirata zramasAdhanAnA ane vidvattAnA phaLarUpa A bRhata zabdakoza atyAra sudhImAM lagabhaga doDheka hajAra pAnAMnA pratyeka evA pAMca graMthamAM "a" thI "ni' sudhInA varSothI zarU thatA zabdone samAve che. emAM badhA maLIne lagabhaga doDheka lAkha zabdane ane daseka hajAra rUDhiprayogone samAveza thayela che. zabdonAM mULa ane temanA zakya teTalA badhA ja artho temAM ThAMsI ThAMsIne bharavAno prayatna thayo che. ekaMdare Aja sudhImAM zabdakoza javAnA thayelA akhatarAomAM Ane bhagIratha prayatna kahI zakAya. emAM tadvidene kadAca arthazuddhi, zAstrIyatA ke cakkasatAnI khAmI kADhavI haze te nIkaLaze, paNa emanuM samRddha zabdabhaMDoLa bhAvI kezakArane vipula kAcA mAla tarIke to sArI peThe khapa lAgaze, emAM saMzaya nathI. "sArtha joDaNIkoza ': gAMdhIjInI preraNAthI vidyApIThe taiyAra karelA A graMthanI A cothI sudhArelI vadhArelI AvRtti che. agAunI AvRttiomAM zabdonI kevaLa joDaNI, tenA artha, tenA uccAra ane kula zabdasaMkhyAnA betALIsa TakA jeTalA tatsama zabdonI vyutpatti mukAI hatI. prestuta navIna saMskaraNamAM zabdabhaMDaLa Azare paNa lAkhanI saMkhyAe pahoMcyuM che; emAM lagabhaga tamAma zabdanI vyutpatti uparAMta zabdaprayogo ane vivRtta e-e, hakAra tathA ya-kAra zrati, be anusvAra ne alpaprayatna ya-kAranAM viziSTa uccAraNa paNa batAvyAM che. bAhya kada temaja aMtaraMganI dRSTie A AvRttimAM gujarAtI zabdakezane zakya teTale saMpUrNa banAvavAno prayatna thaye che. joDaNInI zuddha ane zAstrIya vyavasthA karavAmAM, arthanI bAbatamAM, uccAraNanI viziSTatA tathA zabdaprayogonA nidarzanamAM A keza Aja lagI pragaTa thayelA kezomAM sauthI vizeSa zuddha ane pramANabhUta che, paNa vyutpattimAM kezane chAje tevI zAstrIyatA temAM sacavAI nathI. emAM aneka zabdanI vyutpatti kevaLa tarka ane anumAnathI derAIne ApavAmAM AvI che ne ghaNe sthaLe zaMkAsUcaka praznacihna mUkIne calAvI levuM paDayuM che. pariNAme, kezanuM A mahatvanuM aMga vikRta banI gayuM heI judI judI dizAmAMthI tenI A AvRtti TIkApAtra banI che.

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graMtha ane graMthakAre pu16 - vaijJAnika zabdasaMgraha': zrI. pipaTalAla ga. zAhe taiyAra karela vaijJAnika paribhASAnA pustakanI A sudhArelI vadhArelI bIjI AvRtti che. nAgarI lipimAM A keza chApyo che. vijJAnanI 25 judI judI zAkhAonA pAribhASika zabdanA ahIM gujarAtI paryAya ApyA che. vidyAthIo, kArakhAnAmAM kAma karatA kArIgaro ane Amavargane lakSamAM rAkhIne A koza taiyAra karavAmAM Avyo che. AraMbhamAM saMyojake mUkelI aMgrejI tathA gujarAtI prastAvanAmAM vaijJAnika paribhASA nakkI karavAnI pitAnI paddhati tathA taSiyaka siddhAMtane vizadatAthI samajAvela che. arthazAstranI paribhASA" emAM arthazAstranA abhyAsamAM upayogI pAribhASika aMgrejI zabdonA gujarAtI paryAyo jANItA arthazAstrI zrI. viThThaladAsa koThArIe taiyAra karyA che. viSayano abhyAsa, zikSaNane anubhava ane zAstrIya paddhati traNeno upayoga lekhake paribhASAne saMgIna banAvavAmAM karyo che. pratyeka zabdanA paryAyane te zabdane lagatI yogya artha samajUtI saMkSepa ApIne baMdha besADavo che. beMka, bonasa ItyAdi atyaMta rUDha thaI gayelAM aMgrejI zabdonA kRtrima gujarAtI paryAyo yojavAnI rUDhicustatAthI te mukta rahyA che. arthazAstranAM gujarAtI pAThyapustako taiyAra karavAmAM A pustikA avazya prAthamika bhUmikAnI garaja sAraze. zrI. araviMda kAryAlaya taraphathI "dArzanika zabdAvali' A dAyakAmAM pragaTa thayela che. zrI. araviMde potAnI tatvacarcAmAM je pAribhASika zabdo aMgrejImAM nijyA hatA tenA hiMdI, gujarAtI, baMgALI ane marAThI paryAne A keza che. pustakane aMte joDelI "zabdArtharekhAmAM mukhya aMgrejI zabdaprayogonI aMgrejImAM samajutI ApI che. araviMda-tattvajJAnanA abhyAsIone A graMtha avazya upayogI thaI paDaze. "janmabhUmi' pAribhASika jJAnakeza1H rAjakAraNu" mULa hiMdImAM pragaTa thayela zrI. sukhasaMpattirAya bhaMDArInA "aMgrejI-hiMdI zabdakozanA rAjakAraNa vibhAgane zrI. kAntilAla zAhe karelo anuvAda che. emAM rAjakAraNanA lagabhaga badhA ja mahattvanA viSayone ane pAribhASika zabdaprayogo ane tenA gujarAtI paryAyavAcI zabdone samAveza thayo che. rAjakAraNanA abhyAsanA AkaragraMtha jevuM A pustaka che. De. yazavaMta gu. nAyake phArbasa sabhA tathA gujarAta vidyApITha taraphathI

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UMcA dAyakAnA vADmaya para draSTipAta kAzA taiyAra karavAmAM saMgIna sahAya ApI che. - padArthovijJAna ane rasAyaNanA pAribhAki zabdakoza ' muMbai vidyApIThane Azraye temaNe taiyAra karela eka nAnA kAza che. e ja pramANe navajIvana kAryAlaye vidyApITha paribhASA samiti 'e taiyAra karela ' vijJAnanI paribhASA 'mAM padArthavijJAnanA 1024 ane rasAyaNavijJAnanA 615 pAribhASika zabdo prasiddha karyAM che. A uparAMta gujarAta vidyApITha taraphathI 'hiMdI-gujarAtI kAza' tathA vidyAthI one upayogI thaI paDe tevA gujarAtI, aMgrejI, hiMdI zabdakoza, ane rUDhiprayAgA tathA kahevatanAM pustakA * keTalAka lekhA pAsethI A dAyake maLyAM che, je eka Mdare tenA saMyeAjananA hetune saphaLa banAve che. dezanI tamAma bhASAmemAM vividha viSayeAnI paribhASAnuM ekasarakhu dheAraNu jaLavAya ane prAMtaprAMtamAM vicAravyavahAranI saralatA thAya sAru eka bRhatkAza taiyAra karavAnI yeAjanA lAheAra iMTaranezanala ekeDemI Apha inDiyana kalcare dezanA agraNI vaijJAnikAnI madadathI A dAyakAnI zarUAtamAM ja taiyAra karelI; para Mtu tenuM hajI sudhI kaMI pariNAma AvyuM jaNAtuM nathI. kadAca vacagALAmAM akasmAta udbhavelI pratikULa rAjakIya paristhiti tenuM kAraNa haze. dilhImAM evI ja pravRttinI zarUAta chellAM keTalAMka varSothI thaI che. e pravRtti tA mhAre tyAre kharI, paNa tenI sAthe sAthe dareka bhASAmAM jJAnanI pratyeka zAkhAnA yathArtha adhyayana-adhyApana sAru sa pUrNa pAribhASika kAza yeAjavAnI AvazyaktA UbhI ja che. vijJAna zAstrIya graMthA A dAyake vijJAnanI judIjudI zAkhAonA viziSTa jJAnanAM keTalAMka mahattvanAM pustakA pragaTa thayAM che te nIce mujaba : * * mAnasareAga vijJAna ' (DaoN. bAlakRSNe a. pAThaka), * nUtana mAnasavijJAna ' (caMdrabhAi kA. bhaTTa, jIvavijJAna ' ( DaeNnA, mAdhavajI macchara ), vanaspati sRSTi khaMDa 1' (gAkaLabhAi khI. khADAI), 'rasAyaNu vijJAna' (dhanajIbhAI phakIrabhAI), 'zarIraracanAnuM rahasya' (dhanavaMta ojhA), 'mAnava jIvananA uSaHkALa ' (azAka harSa), 'bhAratIya pratyakSa paMcAMga' (avyA. harihara prA. bhaTTa), - kAlAtpatti-jJAna-rahasya' (dhIrajalAla ma. parIkha), , . ' zArIravijJAna' (svAmI prakAzAnaMda), '* kALanI gati ' (svAmI mAdhavatI), ' khageALa praveza ' (cheTubhAI suthAra), 'bhUvidyAnAM mULatattvA ane " *

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varka graMtha ane graMthakAra pu0 10 : gujarAtanI bhUmiracanA' (DaoN. ratana nA. sukhezavALA), khetInAM mULatattvA' bhAga 1-2-3-4 (mAta Da zi. paDaSA), * kheDUtothI ' (guja. vidyApITha), zilpa ratnAkara ' ( na`dAza kara seAmapurA ), ' uccArazAstrapravezikA ' ( aMbAlAla je. 5'cAla) ane ' maNipurI nana' (gAvaCna paMcAla), emAM manevijJAna ane uccArazAstra jevA bhAvAtmaka viSayeAnI tAttvika samaja, zilpa ane nRtya jevI kalAonu zAstrIya pRthakkaraNa, sRSTi, kALa, vanaspati, bhUmi te khetInuM vijJAna ane jIvasRSTi, zarIraracanA rasAyaNazAstra tathA graheA-nakSatre-khagALa saMbaMdhI vidyArthI-upayogI mAhitI ApavAmAM Avela che. uparyuCkta pustake uparAMta gati, padAzAstra ane rasAyaNavijJAna tathA sRSTiracanA vizenAM zALApayogI pustakA paNa amuka adhikArI lekhakane hAthe lakhAI pragaTa thayuM che. sAmAnya vijJAna-vicAra ' vijJAnanI tAttvika AleAcanA ane sAmAnya samaja ApatAM A dAyakAnAM pustakAmAM 'svAdhyAya ' ( DaeN|. hariprasAda desAI), 'zeAdha ane siddhi' tathA 'mAnava jIvanamAM vijJAna' (rDA. narasiMha mU. zAha), 'vijJAnanI vATe', (revAza'kara sAmapurA), 'vijJAnanAM vyApaka svarUpeA', (padmakAnta zAha) 'caMdramA' ane 'vizvadarzIna' (hATubhAi suthAra), 'gaganane geAkhe' (niraMjana varmA, jayamA paramAra), ' khetInI jamIna ' (gujarAta varnAkayulara seAsAyaTI), * khanija tela saMbadhe ' (barmA-zela ka`panI prakAzana vibhAga, muMbaI ), kAmpojhITara' (jayaMtakumAra yAjJika), 'jagatamAM jANavA jevuM' (cheTAlAla kAmadAra), ' Adhunika AkAzavANI ' ( rAjendra jhaverI), nUtana kAmavijJAna ' (bhadrakumAra yAjJika), 'Adhunika vyApArI mitra ' (pUrNAnaMda bhaTTa), 'mAtRpada' (hararAya desAI), yAgapravezikA ' ( zrIviSNuprasAdajI ) ityAdi khAsa dhyAnapAtra che. e saumAM 'svAdhyAya ' ane 'vizvadarzana zreSTha che. hunnara-udyoga ane hastakaLA 6 " > da 'naphAkAraka hunnara| bhAga-3 (mULajI kAnajI cAvaDA), kAgaLa (jaya takumAra yAjJika), kApaDanI kahANI ' (kA. ma. gAMdhI), eka divasamAM darajaNa ' ('zazana mahera'), ' bhAtabhAtanuM' bharatakAma-gU'thaNakAma ' (lIlAvatI cu. paTela), 'pAkazAstra' (gajarAbahena desAI ), ' vIsamAM sadInuM pAkazAstra ' (zrI. sumati nA. paTela), suratI rasathALa ' (saguNAbahena mahetA), ' rasAInu rasAyaN ' (vaMdanAgArI desAI) vagere pustakaiA vyavahAra- jIvanamAM upayAgI nIvaDe tevAM che. ' . 3

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gayA dAyakAnA vADmaya para dAita " vaika ane Arogya ' : vijJAnanA A peTAvibhAga A dAyakAmAM ThIkaThIka kheDAyeA che. emAM nAnAM meTAM maLIne lagabhaga 75 pustakA jamA thayAM che. temAMthI khAsa noMdhapAtra rA. durgAzaMkara zAstrIkRta AyurvedanA itihAsa' che. ApaNI bhASAmAM vaidakanA e apUrva graMtha che. khAkInAomAMthI vijJAna' ane jiMdagImA AnaMda' (DaoN. ke. dA.lA), 'dUdha (DeA. na. mU. zAha), 'pazucikitsA ' (lakSmIprasAda RSi), ' kSaya ane kramamAM naisargika upacAra' (bhUpatarAya mA. dave), AreAgya : tananuM mananuM. ane dezanuM '(DaoN. hariprasAda desAI), 'ugra rAgeAmAM nisargApacAra' (ramaNalAla enjIniyara), khArAkanA guNadeSa--ArAgyanI dRSTie ' ( DaoN. rasikalAla parIkha ), dharamAkhI ' (baMsIdhara gAMdhI), * AhAra ane peASaNa' (jhaverabhAi paTela), * brahmacarya ane kAyAkalpa ' ( svAmI jIvanatI ), sUryanamaskAra ane manuSyajIvana ' (zrI. cha. zrImALI), bALakA ane mAtAnI saMbhALa (guja. saMzAdhana ma`DaLa), 'janatAnAM dardI' (jaTubhAi bhaTTa), 'jAtIya rogA' (satyakAma), ' AMkhanI saMbhALa '(DaoN. gAviMdabhAI paTela) * vIjaLInA AMcakA ane tenA kRtrima zvAseAcchavAsanA upacAra' (harilAla maMgaLadAsa trivedI), * upavAsa kema ane kayAre' (sva. sAmaiyA), 'gujarAtI strIenI zArIrika sa'patti ' (ra. ma desAI ), 'gRhiNImitra ' (DA. rA. mahetA), 'ArogyasAdhanA ' (DuMgarazI saMpaTa), 'jIvanacaryAM' ( vi. dha. munazI ) ullekhapAtra che. emAMnI ghaNI kharI traNa-cAra pharamAnI nAnI pustikAo che. ' . " 7 " prajAnI saMskAritAnA cihna tarIke tenAM vijJAna, hunnara, udyoga, vepAra, khetIvADI, kArIgarI AdinI vRddhinI paNa gaNanA karavAmAM Ave che. ApaNe tyAM chellAM daseka varSothI vidyArthIo vijJAnanA abhyAsa tarapha vadhAre vaLyA che ane vijJAnanI vividha zAkhAomAM ThIka pramANamAM upAdhio meLavatA jAya che. vaijJAnika sasthAe, prayogazALAo ane kArakhAnAMo paNa dhIme dhIme pragati sAdhatAM jAya che ane tattvavidA taraphathI sa`zAdhana paNa cAlu hAya che. paraMtu ijanerA, dAktaro, yaMtrakArIgarA, kRSakA, hunnarazAkhInA ane vepArIone upayegI sAhitya hajI ApaNI bhASAmAM ayapa che. padArthavijJAna, rasAyaNazAstra, jIvavidyA, khaMgALazAstra, vanaspatizAstra, zarIrazAstra, prANIzAstra, kITakazAstra ane vaidakazAsra saMbaMdhI pravezikArUpa gaNAya tevAM pustakA paNa keTalAM? te pachI te

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graMtha ane thakA2 50 10 viSayonI adyatana zodhonI mAhitI ApatAM pustake te hoya ja kyAMthI ? navA siddhAMta ane saMzodhanane zAstrIyatAthI ne saralatAthI samajAve tevAM pustakonI hAlane tabakke khAsa AvazyaktA che. kaMI nahi te aMgrejI, jarmana, phrenca ane raziyana bhASAmAM lakhAyelA uttama vijJAna-graMthonA sArA anuvAdo te ApaNI bhASAmAM hovA ja joI e. vaLI vijJAna kevaLa paMDita vargane ja IjAre banI na rahe paNa Ama varga sudhI tene phelAvo thAya te mATe lekabhogya vijJAna-graMthamALAonAM prakAzane paNa jarUrI gaNAya vijJAnanAM pustakomAM sAdI bhASA ane sAmAnya vAcakonI jijJAsA tathA rasavRttine uddIpta kare tevI sAhityakalAnI sarasatA bheLavavAthI AmajanatAne vijJAna zuSka lAgatuM maTI jaze. bAlasAhitya bAlabhogya sAhityanAM prakAzanane koI paNa dAyakAmAM te heta nathI, kAraNa ke pacAsa-sATha pAnAMnI dasa-bAra AnAnI copaDIonI sAmAnyataH khapata vadhAre thatI hovAthI prakAzana-saMsthAo te pragaTa karavAne kAgaLanI meghavArImAM paNa ghaNe utsAha batAve che. paNa bAlasAhitya racanArAo ane prasiddha karanArAo jeTalI dhaMdhAdArI ne dhananI dRSTi pitAnI samakSa rAkhe che, teTalI bAlamAnasanA vikAsanI dRSTi rAkhatA jaNAtA nathI. salAmaNI, lADa karatI, ghelAM kADhatI, suMvALI bhASA ane raMgaberaMgI citro Avyo eTale bAlasAhitya racAI gayuM e khyAla ja meTe bhAge pravartate heya che. temAMnI vAnagIo uparachallI, adhakyarI ane kavacita te uTaMga paNa hoya che. emAM bALamAnasane khIlave tevA vastune ane zuddha sarala taLapadI bhASAne abhAva hoya che. lekhakomAM bAla- - mAnasanI pakaDa ke bAlavikAsanI zAstrIya daSTi bahu jovA maLatI nathI; viSaya-vastunI AdithI aMta sudhI kalAmaya racanA temAM jaLavAI hatI nathI. prakAzane paNa bAlakonA abhyAsI-anubhavI evA zaktizALI lekhake- pAse ja pustaka lakhAvavAne Agraha nathI. bALakonAM pustako evAM hovAM joIe ke je temanAmAM jIvanane navo rasa pedA kare, temanAmAM navI navI AkAMkSAo jagADe ane jIvanayuddhanI taiyArI mATe temanuM mana majabUta ane daDhAgrahI banAve. | dAyakAnA bAlasAhityamAM gIta, vArtA ane caritranAM, sAmAnya jJAna -bedhana ane vijJAnanI zodhakhoLa ke sagavaDa tathA navA pazu-pakSIonA

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gayA dAyakAnA vAmaya para daSTipAta paricaya vizenAM pustako sArI saMkhyAmAM jovA maLe che. emAMthI bALavijJAnanAM pustaka ThIka dhyAna kheMce che. gIta, vArtA ane caritra bAlagItanAM pustakomAM zrI. ramaNIka arAlavALAnAM nagInA vADI" ane rasapaLI', zrI. jayamanagaurI pAThakajInuM "bAlaraMjanA', zrI. caMdrikA pAThakajInuM "rAtarANuM', tribhuvana vyAsanuM "guMjArava', zrI. mohana va. ThakkaranuM "chIpalAM', rA. pUjAlAla dalavADInuM: "kAvyakizorI', rameza koThArInuM "bulabula' harilAla go. paMDavAnuM "surajamukhI', ane caMdrakAnta maMgaLajI ojhAnuM phUladAnI" eTalAM AgaLa tarI Ave che. vArtA-bodhakathAomAM ramaNalAla sonI, zAradAprasAda varmA, ramaNalAla, nA. zAha, dhUmaketu, jIvarAma joSI, nAgaradAsa I. paTela, vinodinI nIlakaMTha, sumati paTela, dineza ThAkora Adi lekhakone khare mUkI zakAya. saMto, rAjapuruSa, vaijJAnike AdinAM caritranA lekhaka tarIke zrI. rasUlabhAI vaherA, zAradAprasAda varmA, jayabhikhu, ramaNalAla sonI ane sAmabhAI paTelanA nAma AgaLa Ave. hAsyavArtAomAM mastaphakIra, ramaNalAla zAha, jIvarAma joSI ane ramaNalAla sonInI racanAo ThIka ThIka bAlapriya nIvaDI che. sAmAnya jJAnanAM pustaka sRSTinuM sAmAnya jJAna ApatAM bAlapustakamAM "kamalanI pIMchIthI" (sva. gijubhAI), "haratAM pharatAM" (mAbhAI paTela), vidyAthI vAcanamALA' zreNI 8-9 (gujara graMtharatna kAryAlaya), "cAle. gAmaDAMmAM ane bALakanA AcAra" (mAbhAI bhAvasAra), "achata keNuM (purAtana bUca), "dharatIne khoLe' (cunIlAla va. zAha), "bALakenuM hiMdustAna' (pipaTalAla aMbANa), "sAroddhAra" khaMDa 1-2 ( zivaprasAda trivedI), "jaMgalamAM maMgala' (harajIvana somaiyA), "kema ane kyAre (DuMgarajI saMpaTa), "dharatIne bALameLA", (indraprasAda bhaTTa ane maNilAla ThAkara), "mahArASTranuM naMdanavana mAtherAna' (ramaNalAla zAha) ItyAdi dhyAnapAtra che. bAlavijJAnanAM pustakamAM pazupaMkhIonA rasika bAlabhogya paricaya ane vijJAnaviSayaka keTalIka mAhitI mukhya hoya che. emAM "vijJAnanA graM. 12

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 50 10 prAthamika pATha" (hararAya desAI ane tArAbena trivedI), "hIrAmotI" ane "copaganI duniyA" khaMDa 2-3 (ramaNalAla nA. zAha), "sAgaranI rANI" (somAbhAI paTela), "lAlAno bheLa" (nAgaradAsa paTela) "ApaNe AMgaNe UDanArAM', 'AMgaNAMnA zaNagAra', "UDatAM bhaMgI', "vagaDAmAM vasanArAM', "rUparUpanA aMbAra ', "kaMThe sohAmaNa', "premI paMkhIDAM" (niraMjana varmA-jayamalla paramAra) "bAlavijJAna vAcanamALA' pu. 1 thI 5 (na. zAha ane ThA. zrI, ThAkara) "di-sUraja' (ramaNalAla sonI), vijJAna vinoda' (navalakAnta bhAvasAra ), ityAdi khAsa ullekhapAtra che. bAlabhogya pustakonuM prakAzana karanArI saMsthAonI saMkhyA paNa A dAyakAmAM ThIka ThIka jaNAya che. zrI. dakSiNAmUti bAlasAhityamALA, . bhAvanagara; zrI. gAMDIva sAhityamaMdira ane zrI. yugAntara kAryAlaya, sUrata; navacetana sAhitya maMdira, bhAratI sAhitya saMdha, sastuM sAhityavardhaka kAryAlaya; bAlajIvana kAryAlaya ane sayAjI bAlajJAnamALA, vaDodarA, bAlavidA kAryAlaya, malADa; gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya, kamala prakAzana maMdira, saMdeza prakAzanamaMdira, amadAvAda; Ara. Ara. zeTha, ena. ema. tripAThI, ena. ema. Thakkara, muMbaI; ApaNuM bAlagraMthamALA, bharUca, navayuga pustaka bhaMDAra, rAjakeTa; grAmadakSiNAmUrti prakAzana, AMbalA ane anya prakAzana saMsthAoe vidhavidha prakAranI bAlagraMthamALAo A | dAyake pragaTa karI che. pustakonI sajAvaTa ane saMkhyAdaSTie bAlasAhityanAM pustaka ane tene pragaTa karanAra saMsthAo anya koI vibhAganA karatAM vadhu tejI batAve che. phakta UcharatI peDhInAM hRdayabuddhi ane jIvanarasane praphullA ane temanAmAM UMcA saMskAra rope evI satvazIla sAmagrI sAcI bAlabhogya zailImAM vadhu vadhu pirasAtI jAya, e apekSA haju rahe che. prakIrNa - je noMdhapAtra pustake AgaLanA kAI vibhAgamAM samAI zakyAM nathI, tenI gaNanA karavA mATe A navo vibhAga pADa paDe che. evAM pustako nIce mujaba H AtmanirIkSaNa ane saMka95": zrI. ramaNalAla desAInA dezapremI lAgaNIzIla manane AjubAju najara karatAM vyaktigata AcAro sAmAjika

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gayA dAyakAnA vAya para daSTipAta ke rAjakIya jIvanane kaluSita banAvI rahyAnuM vizAdamaya ciMtana temaNe A pustakamAM ThAlavyuM che. ApanI sevAmAM': kalAzokhIna ane gulAbI svabhAvavALA zrI. jitubhAI pra. mahetAnA phakkaDa zailImAM lakhAyelA mananapreraka nibaMdhikA jevA laghu lekhe che. pustakanI mahakatA vicAre ane dRSTimAM che teTalI ja che tenI nakharALI zailImAM paNa che. "jIvananI kalA : zrI jitubhAI mahetAnA jevA ja uddezathI prerAIne Arogya, mAnasika svasthatA ane jIvananI saphaLatA mATe vyavahAru mArga darzana zrI. ravizaMkara mahetAe emAM karAvyuM che. nitya AcAra': prAtaHkALathI AraMbhI dainaMdinI jIvanacaryA temaja zobhA, alaMkAra ane jAheramAM vartAva saMbaMdhI vidhiniSedhAtmaka vyavahAra sUcanAo zrI. rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThake temAM saune mATe rajU karI che. - "strIpuruSamaryAdA': brahmacarya, sahazikSaNa, strIpuruSasaMbaMdha, vijAtine sparza, kAmavicAra ane lagna jevI vyakti temaja samAjanAM zarIra, mana ane cAritrya upara jabarI asara karatI bAbatone zrI. kizoralAla mazarUvALAe nItizuddha (Puritan) daSTikoNathI emAM cacI che. vRttavivecana' vRttavivecananI zAstrIya tathA dezadezamAM thayelA tenA vikAsanI mAhitI ApatuM rA. ramezanAtha gautamanuM A pustaka e viSaya para lakhAyeluM paheluM ja pustaka che. patrakAra banavAnA AraMbha karanArane te upayogI che. vaktA kema thavAya?': rA. satIzacaMdra desAInuM vaktatvakaLA saMbaMdhI paheluM ja pustaka che. lekhake DeIla kArnegInA "pablika spIkiMga' nAmanA pustakamAMthI preraNA meLavIne te lakhyuM che. "hAthanI bhASA": rA. maNilAla bhU.paTela ane jyotiSI kRSNazaMkara ke. raika lakheluM A 512 pAnAMnuM pustaka hastarekhA, aMkazAstra, jyotiSazAstra saMbaMdhI puSkaLa mAhitI Ape che. evuM ja bIju pustaka "mahAruM bhaviSya' zrI. maNilAla paMDayAe pragaTa karyuM che. "zaheranI zerI': zrI. jayaMtI dalAlanA A judI ja DhabanA pustakamAM zaheranI piLe ane zerIomAM banatA vAstavika prasaMge temaja tenA pratinidhirUpa vividha vyaktionAM tAdaza ane caTakadAra citro raju thayA

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graMtha ane graMthamara 10 che. gujarAtI janasvabhAvanAM vividha pAsAMo ane zerInA jIvananA sthira aMze emAM yathArthapaNe jhilAyAM che. ' "gAMdhI sAhitya sUci' zrI. pAMDuraMga dezapAMDee yojela A pustakamAM gAMdhIjIracita tathA emanAM jIvana, kArya ane tattvajJAna saMbaMdhI racAyelAM pustaka uparAMta emanuM vyaktitva samajavAmAM ghAtaka bane evAM TaDhaya, raskina, caeNre, zrImad rAjacaMdra vagere lekhakenAM maLIne kula 2800 pustakonI yAdI ApavAmAM AvI che, je gAMdhIsAhityanI saMdarbha sUci tarIke atyaMta upayogI che. , "parakammA' soraThI lokasAhityanA saMpAdaka ane savivecaka tarIke meghANInuM ghaDatara kevI rIte thayuM tenI ItihAsakathA ane lekasAhityanI zodhanakathA rUpe sva. meghANa taraphathI A pustaka maLyuM che. emAM TAMcaNo vArtAprasaMganA aNavaparAyelA chUTAchavAyA TukaDAo, duhAo ane bhASAprayogonI goThavaNI kuzalatAthI karavAmAM AvI che. lekhakanI rasALa zailI ane kalApArakhu daSTi vinA Ama bhAgye ja banI zakyuM hota. lekhalaharI': zrI. saralAbahena su. zAhanA A pustakamAM jaina daSTithI saMsAranA prazno cheDAyelA che. emaNe emAM karelAM nirAkaraNomAM saMkucita sAMpradAyikatA nathI. "mahAkavi caMda ane pRthvIrAja rAso'mAM paMDita govardhana zarmAe rAsAnI atihAsikatA siddha karavAne zrama lIdho che. bhASAMtare-rUpAMtaro anuvAda gujarAtanuM potAnuM dhana na kahevAya; paNa maulika phala ocho ke satvahIna Utarato hoya te veLA anya bhASAonAM suMdara ane satvazIla pustakonA anuvAdonI AvazyakatA UbhI rahe che. eka bIjI dRSTie paNa tenI jarUra che. pitAnuM vADmaya game teTaluM khIleluM hoya, paNa anya bhASAonA uttama vAtmayathI pitAnA bAMdhavone paricita karavA ane anya bhASAbhASIonA nUtana pravAha, daSTibiMduo ane zaktisAmarthyane temane cepa lagADavA e paNa sAhitya ane samAjanI pragatizIlatAnI nizAnI che. jagatanI tamAma bhASAonA ziSTasuMdara graMthe pitAnI bhASAmAM paNa vAMcavA maLe, e gujarAtI anuvAdakenuM dhyeya hevuM joIe. A dAyake evA keTalAka uttama anuvAda-rUpAMtare ApaNane sAMpaDayA

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yA dAyakAnA vamaya para daSTipAta che. ahIM tenA guNadoSa carcavAne avakAza nathI, eTale temane nirdezakarIne ja saMtoSa laIzuM. kavitA zrImatI rehAnA taiyabajInA "The Heart of a Gopine che. ba. ka. ThAkare karela gopIhadaya' nAme anuvAda; ravibAbunAM gItakAvyomAMthI cUMTaNI karIne sva. meghANIe ApeluM "ravIndravINA" nAme rUpAMtarita pustaka; "We are seven', " Hermit ', "The Deserted Village' 242 ' An elegy written in a country church-yard" e cAra kAvyanuM zrI. kulasuma pArekha ane Do. suraiyAe kareluM bhASAMtara; kITsanA "Isabella ne "azrumatI' nAme thayela anuvAda; bhagavadagItAnuM zrI. mazarUvALAe kareluM samalekI bhASAMtara; jagannAtha paMDitanuM "karuNAlahari', zaMkarAcAryanAM gaMgASTaka" ane ardhanArInaTezvara' tathA kurezasvAmI racita "nArAyaNASTaka'nuM rA. lAlajI virezvara jAnIe kareluM bhASAMtara ane avAranavAra "mAnasI" ne "dakSiNuM" maimAsikamAM pragaTa thatAM rahetAM zrI araviMdanI kavitAnAM suMdarama tathA pUjAlAle karelAM bhASAMtare A dAyakAnA kAvyavibhAgamAM noMdhapAtra umerArUpa gaNAya. , nATaka hemleTa" ane "marcanTa opha venisa mAM zrImatI haMsAbahena mahetAe nibaMdha anaTupamAM karelAM bhASAMtara; zaradabAbunA pallI samAja ne "ramA' nATakamAM punarjanma (hiMdI parathI); marAThI nATayakAra pri. atrenAM lagnanI beDI", "AvatI kAla, vagere nATakanAM bhASAMtara; TesToyanI "pAvara opha DArkanesa' e nATayakRtinuM zrI. mULazaMkara bhaTTe kareluM bhASAMtara; pI. jI. vuDahAusanI 'Ipha AI vera yu' nAmanI vArtAnuM rA. dhanaMjaya ThAkare je huM tuM heta" nAme kareluM rUpAMtara; ravibAbunAM nATake ane saMvAda-kAvyone lakSmInI parIkSA" ane "satI" nAme rA. nagInadAsa pArekhe karela anuvAda; mekisama zaikInA "loara Degsa" nATakanuM zrI. girIza bhacece, kareluM UMDA aMdhAremAM rUpAMtara; zrI. ke. kA. zAstrIe utArela "kavi kAlidAsanAM traNa nATake'; razmibahena pALIe "1942' nATakamAM marAThI nATayakAra madhusUdana kAlelakararacita "ughAMce jaga'nuM kareluM vezAMtara; ATalI A dAyakAnA nATayavibhAgamAM maLelI suvAcya anuvAdakRtio che.

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4 graMtha ane graMthakAra 0-10 navalakathA AjakAla baMgALI navalanavezonI kRtionA anuvAdeAnA gujarAtImAM teATA nathI. eka ja kRtinA ekathI vadhu anuvAdo vividha prakAzakA taraphathI prasiddha thavA mAMDyA che. zarakhAyu, ravibhAjI, baMkimacaMdra, zrI. prabhAvatI devI sarasvatI, zrI. anupamAdevI; zrI. saurIndramAhana, nArAyaNa bhaTTAcArya, nareza dra senagupta, tArAzakara baMdopAdhyAya, proAdha sAnyAla, navageApAladAsa, bhUpendranAtha rAyacaiAdharI, sumananAtha ghoSa, khalAIcaMdra mukhopAdhyAya, ityAdi baMgALI lekhakeAnI navalakathAe gujarAtImAM bhASAMtarata thaI che. baMgALI navalakathAonI anuvAdo rUpe dhUma AyAta gujarAtamAM kema thatI rahetI haze ? gujarAtIone baMgALanI lAgaNImayatA AkI gaI che ene kazo vAMdhA nathI, paNa baMgALanI pratibhAzIla navaleAnI sAthe tenI sattvahIna kRtie paNa gujarAtI bhASAne mAthe anuvAdakA-prakAza mATe, emAM temanI zobhA ke vADmayanI sevA nathI. hiMdI navalakathAomAMthI zrI. siyArAmazaraNanI kRti 'gAda'tu, zrI. rAhula sAMkRtyAyananI kRti ' vegAse ga MgA'nu', zrI. jaitendrakumAranI kRtie 'parakha' ane 'tyAgapatra'nu' ane sva. premacachanI kRti 'kAyAkalpa'tuM : ATalAM bhASAMtare AvakArane pAtra che. " marAThI navalakathAonA anuvAdo paNa ThIka ThIka thatA jAya che. 'dAjhelAM haiyAM', 'sulabhA', 'sUnAM maMdira', ukA'. ane * vara-vahu ame ' khAMDekaranI vArtAonAM bhASAMtara che; 'krAnti' ane 'sandhyA' sAte gurujInA ane 'pravAsI' bhA. 1-2 pre, phaDakenI vArtAnA anuvAda che. urdUnA vikhyAta lekhaka kAjhI muhammada abdula gaphphphAranA mazahUra pustakanA 'layalAnA patrA'mAM anuvAda maLe che. siMdhI sAhityanI pahelI maulika navalakathAnA anuvAda 'AzIrvAda' nAme pragaTa thayA che. tenA mULa lekhaka che sevaka bhAjarAja. have paradezI kRtionA anuvAdo : vAndA vAsilenskAnI 1943nuM stAlina-inAma jItanAra kathA 'reinme'nuM 'meghadhanuSa' nAme ramaNalAla seAnIe bhASAMtara karyu che. jAna sTAinamekanI dha mUna ijha DAuna' navalakathAne anuvAda 'zazI jatAM' e nAme jayaMtakumAra bhaTTe karyAM che. vikaTara hyugAnI navala 'nAInTI thrI'nA sArAnuvAda

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gayA dAyakAnA vAlmaya para daSTipAta , vAlA'mAM mahendra meghANIe Ape che. jarmana lekhaka erimoriyA remAkanI "ela kuvAyeTa ona dha vesTarna phranTane anuvAda pazcimanA samarAMgaNamAM sva. somaiyAe ane tenA anusaMdhAnamAM baraDa beMkane anuvAda dharane mArage'mAM makaranda davee pragaTa karyo che. uparanI pAMce yuddha samayanI navalakathA che. ' perI barajesanI kRti uvI vaika elenanuM kAkA kAlelakara ane rA. mazarUvALAe kareluM suvAcya bhASAMtara "mAnavI khaMDiyo' che. TaoNlsToyanI jIvanavana" ane "zeTha ane cAkara tathA merI karelIta prabhunuM dhana zrI. caMdrazaMkara zukale ApelA suMdara anuvAde che. je ja oravelakRta enimala phArmano anuvAda "pazurAjya' nAmathI, jona sTAinabekalikhita pala ne bhAvavAhI anuvAda metI'ne nAmathI ane peTa phenkanI 'misTara Adama' kRtine saMkSipta anuvAda te ja nAmathI zrI jayaMtI dalAle Apela che. amerikana patrapratinidhi jena hasanI vArtAne anuvAda 'hirozimA" nAmathI ni desAI e karyo che. vaijJAnika kalpanAkathAonA vikhyAta phenca lekhaka jule varnakRta 'klipara opha dha kalAujhane. "gaganarAja" nAme anuvAda rA. mU. me. bhaTTe pragaTa karyo che. mazahUra aMgrejI jaMgalakathA 'sarajhana opha dha esIne rA. makaranda davee jaMgalane rAjA TArajhana' nAme anuvAda Ape che. A dAyake navalakathA vibhAgamAM bhASAMtara-rUpAMtaronI saMkhyA lagabhaga 100 uparanI thavA jAya che. A uparathI ema kahI zakAya ke gayA dAyakA karatAM A dAyake paradezI navalakathAoe ApaNa anuvAdakonuM dhyAna ThIka ThIka kheMcyuM che. navalikA baMgALI vArtAsAhityamAMthI A dAyake "tIna saMgI" ane haimaMtI' e ravibAbunA navalikA saMgraha gujarAtImAM UtaryA che. avanIndranAtha ThAkurakata "rAjakAhinI bhA01'nI vArtAonA ane zrI. IzvaracaMdra vidyAsAgarakatA "sItAvanavAsa" ane "zakuMtalA'nI vArtAonA anuvAda paNa A dAyake pragaTa thayA che. hiMdI vArtAsAhityamAMthI vividha navalikAkAronI vArtAonA anuvAda hiMdInI zreSTha vArtAo" tathA "reNuM ane bIjI vAta" rUpe thayA che. marAThI navalikAsAhityamAMthI devadUta" ane "che. phaDakenI vAta' ema be vArtAsaMgraho paNa A vibhAganA nedhapAtra umerA che.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 paradezI nalikAonA pAMca utkRSTa saMgraho A dAyarka maLyA che. 'niHsaMtAna'mAM yuApanA judA judA lekhakAnI uttama vArtAonA sacaya che, 'prathama patnI'mAM pala'baMtu kImatI vArtAdhana maLe che. 'vAmA' ane ' pralAlana ' phrAnsa, raziyA, ja'nI, cIna, jApAna, DainmArka, peAlenDa, haMgerI, AsTriyA, svIDana, iTalI Adi dezeAnI bhASAonI vedhaka vArtAonA anuvAda saMgrahA che. TaoNlskAyanI pAMca utkRSTa TUMkI vArtAonA anuvAda "kAnI bahena ? " nAmathI zrI. caMdrazaMkare ApyA che. lalitetara vADmaya parabhASAonI sarjanAtmaka kRtio sivAyanAM uttama pustakAnA A dAyake thayelA anuvAdonI yAdI nIce ApavAmAM Ave che. 1. zrI. dhanasyAmadAsa biralAkRta 'bApu; 2. paMDita suMdaralAlakRta 'hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma'; 3. yusupha maheraalIkRta 'ApaNA netA. bhA. 1-2'; 4. zrI dilipakumAra raoNyaracita tItha salila'; 5. zrI. vinAbA bhAveSkRta 'madhukara'; 6-7, TaoNlsTaoNyakRta 'kaLA eTale zuM ?' ane 'cUpa nahi rahevAya'; 8. sara rAdhAkRSNanakRta 'dharmAnuM milana'; 9. ke. jadunAtha sarakAraSkRta 'mudhala rAjyavahIvaTa'; 10-11. ravIndranAtha TAga|rakRta pUrva ane pazcima ' ane ' sAhitya '. 12. zrI. sadAzivazAstrI bhIDekRta kenepaniSada '. 13-14-15. 'zrI, araviMdanuM yAgadazana ', ' jagannAthane ratha', * cAga ane tenAM lakSya ', e araviMdaviSayaka pustakA. " " 16-17. zrIpad dAmeAdara sAtavaLekarakRta vedAmRta' ane zrImadbhagavadgItA '. 18. - pIrAmIDanI chAyAmAM'-anu. cadrazaMkara zukala. 19. 'jagatanA itihAsanuM rekhAdarzana '-paMDita javAharalAla. 20. eca. jI. vesakRta 'itihAsanI rUparekhA '. 21. 5. javAharalAla naherukRta 'indune patrA'. 22. sara rAdhAkRSNansa'pAdita 'gAMdhIjIne jagava'danA '. 23. 'upaniSado ' bhA. 1-2 ; sastuM sAhityavadhaka kAryAlaya.

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aa aa aa sa daSTipAta 24. zrI. badhAzara gUlakula zie55rijAya 25. banTa selakRta "sukhanI zodha'. * 26. "maharSi arUNAsAhebanuM caritra ane tenI sulabha auSadha paddhati -anu. anaMta geviMda bhAgavata. . ra7-ra8. mInu masANIkata "ApaNuM hiMdustAna' ane "ApaNe khorAka'. 20. ricarDa gata "ahiMsAnI tAlIma'. 30. azoka mahetA-azruta paTavardhanata hiMdana kemI trikoNa.' 1. kanaiyAlAla munazIkRta "akhaMDa hiMdustAna'. 2. dharmAnaMda kosaMbIkRta "abhidharma'. . 32 zrI. yogavAsiSTha': sArAnuvAda-gopALadAsa paTela. te 30-34. "gItAsaMkalana "-ramaNa maharSi; "gItAdharma kAlelakara 35-36. "gItAedaya-sAne gurujI; "keLavaNu" : svAmI vivekAnaMda 37. zrI. jAvaDekarakRta "Adhunika bhArata-itihAsa, 38. zrImatI sophiyA vADiyAkRta "svarAjazikSaNa. 39. ravIndranAtha TAgorakRta "paMcabhUta', 4. AcArya kSitimohana senata "zikSaNa sAdhanA'. 41. je. sI. kumArapAkRta "hiMda-briTanane nANAMvyavahAra'. - 42. raghunAthazAstrI kekajeta "bhAratIya tarkazAstra' 4-44. marAThImAMthI "eziyAnA dharmadIpake' ane amArI ane zikSaNa'. 45. "gAMdhIjIne sarakAra sAthe patravyavahAra.' 46. "kherAmAM jhera': mULa lekhaka-pri. mejhIjha dajhiziyala, 0 thI para.sadhAkRSNanakRta "gItANAna", "dine citrakAra dhArA", "yahAbhArata', "hiMdu dharma', "bhAratane vArase. "yuvAnonI sArA sAdhaw. 53. Aya kalAnI 'hiMdI sASTrIya mahArAja". M4. mahAdeva desAIkRta "maulAnA abula kalAma AjhAda'. 55., javAharalAla naherukRta "bhAratanI ekatA'. 5. luI phIzarakRta "gAMdhIjI sAthe aThavADiyuM '. 57. "vAMdhIvAdI Arthika yojanA - AcArya AmavAla, graM. 13 .

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graMtha ane thayA 50 myurIela lesTara H - gAMdhIjInI yureApayAtrA'. 58. zrImatI 59. misisa peAlAka : gAMdhIjInA jIvanaprasaMga '. 6. kanaiyAlAla munazI : ' AziSanI keLavaNI '. " A dAyakAnA siddhahasta anuvAdakA tarIke zrI. cadraza kara zukala, zrI. nagInadAsa pArekha, zrI. mazarUvALA, zrI. maganabhAI desAI, zrI. ramaNalAla seAnI, zrI. geApALadAsa paTela, zrI. naraharabhAi parIkha, zrI. viAMsa, zrI. jayaMtIlAla AcArya', zrI. bacubhAi zukala, rA. pAMDura'ga dezapAMDe vagere vidvAnane gaNAvI zakAya. paNa e saumAM avirata anuvAdasevAthI mA gurjarInI vizeSa sevA bajAvanAra zrI. cadraza'kara che. anuvAda mATenAM pustakrAnI temanI pasaMdagI, aMgrejI ane gujarAtI ubhaya bhASA paranuM temanuM prabhutva, temanI pravAhI, sarala, suvAcya anuvAdarIti, sattvaguNI dRSTi ane bahuzrutatA anuvAdaka tarIke sva. mahAdevabhAinuM khAlI paDeluM sthAna temane sahajapaNe apAve che. ApaNe icchIe ke paradezanI uttamAttama kRtinA zreSTha anuvAdo temanI pAsethI vadhu ne vadhu maLatA rahe prakAzana--pravRtti C gujarAtI pustakA chapAImAM AkarSIka ane kalAmaya banatAM jAya che evuM dAyakAnAM ghaNuMkharAM pustakA jotAM lAge che. pusta`mAM uparanAM jaeNkeTa, raMgabheraMgI citrA ane kalAyukta rekhAe vaDe suzobhita banavA pAmyAM che. ' pArakI jaNI ' ane 'mame ja mA' jevAM pustAmAM kaTAkSacitrA ApavAne AraMbha thayA che, tema chatAM ekaMdare pahelAM prasaMgA ke pAtraceSTAonu nirdezana karatAM citrA jovA maLatAM te have moMdhavArIne kAraNe athavA teA kalAruci badalAtAM adazya thayAM che. pustakranA AkAra, bAMdhaNI tathA chapAimAM sAdAine vizeSa mahattva maLyuM che. dAyakAnA kAI kAI kAvyasaMgrahAmAM akhatarA dAkhanna kAlekarI gujarAtI lipitA ane nAgarImAM kAvyazI chApavAnI prathA paDI che. dAyakAnAM NAMkharAM pustakAnA AkAra sujju, rUparaMga manAhara ane bAMdhaNI pAkI paNa majabUtAI ochI jaNAya che. A dAyakAnI mukhya prakAzana saMsthA 'navajIvana', ' bhAratI sAhitya saba li. ', ' Ara. Ara. zeThanI ku. ', 'gurjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya ', ena. ema. tripAThInI kuAM.', 'gujarAta vidyAsabhA ', 'sastuM sAhitya vardhaka kAryAM,', 'gati prakA. li.' ane 'verA enDa kuM.' che.

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thayA tAryAMnA thApa para daSTipAta " . ' lalita sAhityamAM 'gurjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya', ' bhAratI sAhitya saMdha' te 'Ara. Ara. zeTha ane lalitetara sAhityamAM 'navajIvana' ane 'sastuM sAhitya varSAMka ' mAkhare Ave. alabatta, kImata, kAgaLa ane pustakranI AMdhaNInI khAkhatamAM bhAratI sAhitya sadha' ane * Ara. Ara. zeTha' vize kaeNriyAda karI zakAya. e mATe ' navajIvana', 'gujarAta vidyAsabhA ' te 'gurjara graMtharatna' prAtsAhanane pAtra Thare tema che. kImatanI khuAbatamAM sauthI vizeSa dhanyavAdane pAtra ' sastuM sAhityavardhaka kAryAlaya 'ja gaNAze. dhArmi ka pustakA jeTalaiA sAhityamAM ane zAstranAM prakAzanA mATe vecANune avakAza kadAca nahi hoya; te paNa * navajIvana ', bhAratIya vidyAbhavana', ' gujarAta vidyAsabhA ', ' sayAjI sAhityamALA ' ane phA'sa sAhitya sabhA' jevI naphAnI dRSTine na lakSanArI saMsthAoe A saMsthAne kImatanI bAbatamAM anusaravuM Te. aMgrejImAM be-aDhI rUpiyAmAM seAmaraseTa momanI navalakathA ke ricArDajhanAM vivecana-pustakA maLI zake ane gujarAtI navalakathA ke vivecananuM pustaka vAMcavA mATe pAMca rUpiyA kha`vA paDe e bAbata zuM pustaka-kharIdInI ADe nathI mAvatI < prakAzanA saMbadhe bIjI eka gaMbhIra phariyAda karavAnI che temAMnI azuddha joDaNI mATe. sAmAnya prakAzana saMsthAe te jANe te tarapha durlakSa seve te samajI zakAya, paNa bhAratI sAhitya saMdha', 'gujara graMtharatna", " Ara. Ara. zeTha' ke ena. ema. tripAThI ' jevI pahelI harALanI saMsthAe paNa temanAM prakAzanamAM joDaNInI sakhyAbaMdha bhUlA tarapha AkhamI'cAmAM kare e keTaluM du:khada che! are, bhASA-joDaNInI zuddhi mATe ThIka sAvacetI batAvanArI ' navajIvana ' ane ' guja. vidyAsabhA ' jevI saMsthAonAM prakAzanAmAM ya have te joDaNIdoSo DeAkAvA lAgyA che. A bAbatamAM lekhakA karatAM prakAzana saMsthAe vadhu javAbadAra che. saMsthAo joDaNIkAza kharIdIne itikartavya mAnavA karatAM bhaNelA prUpha sudhAranArAo rAkhIne pUruM kanyapAlana kare te icchavAjoga che. dAyakA daramiyAna keTalIya vividha prakAranI lAkahitArtha (?) graMthamALAe e ke cAra pustakA bahAra pADI maraNazaraNu thaI gaI che. enI pAchaLa rahelI kevaLa naphAkhAra dRSTi ane pravRttie bhASA ane sAhityane zaramAve tathA grAhakeAne chetare tevAM pustakA mAthe mAryA che. AnA khale be-cAra sArI samRddha saMsthAo bhegI maLI AA mUlye Ama janatA mATe

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sAhityakSeNIo ke kare ane meTA mA 5ra gujarAvI sAhityane dalA phare te gujarAtI janatA ane bhASAnuM hita vadhu sahAya. - kAsa saMjogomAM e mApaNI prakAzana saMsthAoe judA judA viSama prakAra ane zaulInA pustaka ApavAM cAlu rAkhIne bA dAyakAnA sAhityapravAhane saMkhyA ane vividhatAmAM pAtA pAvA dIdho nathI. sarjakatAne dhAraNe A lAyaka keka moma jaNAya che, te lalitetara vAsmamatA beThANamAM enI zihi AgalA hI paNa dazakA karatAM viziSTa che. ema lalitanI breTa jANe ke laliteta2mAM purAI jAya che. paNa, dAyake ghamake, sarivAnA pravAhanI jema sAhityane pravAha khA rIte dizA badale vaLAMka che, paDhane vistAra-sa kema anubhave e svAbhAvika che. vistRta banatA jatA paTamAM vahetI gujarAtI vAmamanI ritAnAM jaLa A gALAmAM nItarelAM paNa kaika chIcharAM banyA jaNAya che ane tene pravAha paNa kavacita maMda dekhAya che. paNa tethI kAMI nirAza savAnI jarUra nathI. pachI-dAyaka be kAke-AvanAra pUranI pUrva teyArI thatI haze te dene khabara che

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graMthakAra-caritAvali videha graMthakArono paricaya

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IcchArAma sUryarAma desAI sva. IcchArAma janma I. sa. 1853nA ogasTanI 10mI tArIkhe (vi. saM. 1909 nA zrAvaNa suda 6ne budhavAra) temanA vatana sUratamAM thayo hato. jJAtie teo sUratI taLapadA dazA zrImALI vaiSNava vaNika hatA. temanA pitAnuM nAma sUryarAma (sUrajarAma) dArAma desAI ane mAtAnuM nAma prANukuMvara hatuM. temanA eka pUrvaja nAraNadAsa tApIdAse akabara pAdazAhanI kherakhAhI bajAvelI ane rAjA ToDaramalane jamAbaMdInA kAmamAM madada karelI tethI uttara vayamAM jyAre nAraNadAsa pitAnA vatana sUrata pAchA pharyA tyAre akabarazAhe temane sUrata ane bharUca jillAnAM mukhya agarasthAne-pALI , marolI, gaNadevI, orapADa hAMsoTa, corAzI ane mahAbaLezvara-e gAmanA mIThAnA agara para vere ugharAvavAne vaMzaparaMparAne haka Apyo hato. AthI temanI aTaka nimakasArI" paNa kahevAtI. A haka vaMzaparaMparAgata Aje paNa temane vaMzajo bhegave che. ne e vatanagIrImAMthI Aje paNa Azare rUA. 446nI vArSika Avaka meLave che. 1. zrI naTavaralAla I. desAIe sUratamAM Apela vyAkhyAnamAM I. sa. 1854 nA ogasTanI 23 mI tArIkha (vi. sa. 1910) janmadivasa tarIke ApI hatI; paNa temAM teoe sudhAro karIne kharI tArIkha amane jaNAvI che te A che. 2. te jamAnAnI bhASAnA namUnA tarIke e pharamAna jovA jevuM che -"nAraNadAza tApIdAza-pAdazAnI kacerImAM malA-te upara je hukama thao je-paragaNAonA nImakazAranI kAnugeInuM nIcAMnI vIgata paramANe e zakhasa ne ghaNIANI tyAM bhAIo tyA pharaja de sAthe mukarara karI zapu-vaNajArA tathA raIeta mAhAlanI- e zakhasane potAne jANe-enA Inaphaka zavAe-kharIda-vecANa na kare-ne khAMDI 1-eka beha lulI temAM--aDadhI raIeta kharIdadAra nahaDadhI pocADe ke e ghaNuM kharca karIne potAnI khIjamata upara kAema rahI kAmakAja karA jAe sarakAre majakuranAM-kacerI tyA jAgIradAra hAlanA tayA AedanA-nImakazAnuM kAma hAe te enI rajI jANe-bIjA koIne bhAgIo patIALa na jANena kazI taraphathI mujAhema nahI thAe--e bAbamo pharamAna navu na mAne-A vAtanI tAkIda jaNane ulaTu na kara. I. sa. 1600" (aMgreja amala daramiyAna sva, icchArAmanA dAdA dayArAme potAnI vatanadArInA haka badala dAvo karela te arajImAM sAmela kareluM mULa phArasI parathI anuvAda karatuM-pharamAna -juo "ekaso ne eka varSa pUrvene copaDA - gujarAtIno dIpotsavI aMka, tA. 8-11-1942)

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 Ama vaMzaparaMparAne temane vyavasAya sUrata-bharUca jillAnA samudrakinAre mIThAnA agara rAkhIne mIThuM pakavavAne-desAIgIrIne hate; paNa IsTa InDiyA kaMpanIe te dhaMdhe laI letAM desAI kuTuMbanA mANaso judA judA dhaMdhAmAM paDyA. sva. icachArAmanA pitA sUryarAmane temanAM pheI- kUvAe dattaka lIdhelA. paNa temanAM phUvAnuM nAma ca dayArAma hovAthI temane pitAnuM nAma pheravavuM paDayuM nahotuM. aMgrejonuM rAjya sthapAyA bAda suratanA vepAraudyoga bhAMgI paDatAM sUrajarAmane jIvananirvAha arthe aMgreja sarakAranA lazkaramAM rU. 7 nA mAsika pagAre sipAInI nokarI svIkAravI paDI hatI. sAdhAraNa sipAIgIrImAMthI teo risAladAra hoddA sudhI pahoMcyA hatA, nokarI daramiyAna ghaNI laDAIomAM temaNe bhAga lIdhelo. pahelI aphaghAna laDAImAM ahamadazA durAnI sAme laDavA sAru teo kAbUla sudhI gayA hatA. temanA zarIra para 15-16 ghA paDavyA hatA. teo sArA nizAnabAja hatA. lazkarI nokarImAMthI nivRtta thayA tyAre rU. 46 nuM mAsika penzana temane baMdhAyuM hatuM. teo zarIre UMcA, pAtaLA ane majabUta snAyuovALA hatA teo phArasI-urdU sArI peThe jANatA; aMgrejI sAruM belI zakatA paNa lakhI jANatA nahi. temanuM prathama lagna 31 varSanI uMmare ane vidhura thatAM bIjuM lagna 51 varSanI umare thayeluM. garIbAIne lIdhe palluM pAchuM na ApI zakAvAne lIdhe temane sasarAe pitAnI bIjI 11 varSanI putrI prANakuMvarane sUryarAmanI vere paraNAvI! prathama vAranAM patnIthI sUrajarAmane eka putra nAme maMchArAma ane be putrIo, tathA bIjI vAranAM. patnIthI IcchArAma, AtmArAma ane maganalAla ema traNa putro thayA hatA. temAM sauthI moTA IcchArAma. - IcchArAma nava varasa sudhImAM sUratanA tuLajArAma ane tripurAzaMkaranI gAmaThI zALAomAM bhaNIne aMgrejI nizALa-mizana hAIskUlamAM dAkhala thayA. A samaye temanuM lagna mahIdharapurAnA mapArA motIrAma lallubhAInI dIkarI nAnI urphe dIvALI (u. va. 11)nI sAthe thayuM. te vakhate mizana hAIskUlanA heDamAstara sva. lallubhAI karasanadAsa hevA chatAM IcchArAmanuM mana gya dekharekhanA abhAvathI abhyAsamAM eMTayuM nahi. yuklIDane emane kaMTALe AvatA; e samaya daramiyAna zALAmAMthI nAsI jaIne teo tApI kinAre rakhaDatA ke

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graMthakAra-capitAvali lAla daravAje athavA bAlAjInA maMdiramAM jaIne kathAvArtA sAMbhaLatA, jenA saMskAra temanA samagra jIvana upara tema ja temanA "caMdrakAMta" jevA pustaka upara paDelA jaNAya che. aMgrejI cha dhoraNa pUrAM karIne I. sa. 1872 --03 mAM teo kenDiDeTa vargamAM AvyA paNa narama tabiyatane kAraNe abhyAsa pUre nahi thaI zakavAthI temane zALA choDavI paDI. e ja arasAmAM pitA mRtyu pAmatAM kuTuMbanirvAhanI javAbadArI temane mAthe AvI, eTale I. sa. 1875 mAM sarakArI khAtAnI parIkSA pAsa karIne teo DisTrikaTa lIDaranI parIkSAmAM beThA paNa temAM nApAsa thayA. icchArAmane zALAmAMnA parIkSAlakSI vidyAbhyAsamAM pUratI saphaLatA maLI nahi, paNa tethI temane zALAjIvanamAMthI ja lAgelI vAMcavA lakhavAnI bhUkha kAMI ghaTI na hatI. hastalikhita graMthe vAMcavAno zokha temaNe nAnapaNathI kaLavyo hovAthI mAtra sattara varSanI vaye premAnaMda, vallabha ane muMdara mevADAkRta padabaMdha bhAgavata chApavAnAM hastapatra kaDhAvIne temaNe jAheramAM vaheMcyAM hatAM. temanI ogaNIsa ke ekavIsanI umare temaNe temanA bALasakhA mANekalAla jamanAdAsa mahArajI sAthe maLIne puruSottama mAsanI kathA vyAsajI pAsethI sAMbhaLIne pAvI hatI. A pustaka temanuM paheluM saMpAdana. temanI A pahelI kRtimAM bhAvi lekhaka, saMzodhaka, saMpAdaka IcchArAmanI vizALa sAhityapravRttinAM bIja paDelAM jaNAze. temane pustako vAMcavAno ghaNo ja zokha hato paNa temanI sAme gujarAno prazna paNa ghUrakI rahyo hato. mAtAe IcachArAmane vAMcavA pAchaLa badhe ja samaya vyatIta karavA badala Thapake Ape ne kaika udyoga zedhI kADhavA zikhAmaNa ApI. AthI temaNe dezamitra' chApakhAnAmAM javA mAMDyuM tyAM vAMcavA lakhavA sAthe akSare goThavavAnuM kAma temaNe hAtha para lIdhuM dezImitranA adhipati maMchArAma ghelAbhAI svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA hovAthI temanA saMsarge juvAna IcchArAma para e dharmanA saMskAranI evI daDha chApa pADI ke te. satsaMganI sAMbhaLelI kathAne temaNe pAchaLathI 3. juo tA. 9-12-1928nA roja sUratanA gujarAtI sAhitya maMDaLanA upakramathI yojAyela icchArAmajayaMtI nimitta che. ba. ka. ThAkoranA pramukhapade vi. IcchArAmanA putra zrI naTavaralAle ApeluM. "va. i. sU. desAInA sAkSarajIvananI rUparekhA'-e viSaya para vyAkhyAna, pU. 7

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 1 * cadrakAMta 'mAM upayAga karelA. vaLI e asara taLe ja temaNe 'brahmAna'da kAvya' tathA 'premAnaMda kAvya ' paNa pragaTa karAvyAM hatAM. ' i. sa. 1876 mAM icchArAma nAkarI zeAdhavA muMbaI gayA. tyAM temaNe * A'mitra' nAmanuM sAptAhika patra tenA mAlikanI nAdurasta tabiyatane lIdhe cAreka mahinA calAvyu. pachI eka aMgreja vepArIte tyAM gADAunakIpara tarIke teme rahyA, paNa tyAM eka luccA vepArIe rUnA kApaDanI gAMsaDI kADhI laI icchArAmane kroSita DarAvavA prayAsa karyAM, paNa tapAsa cAlatAM icchArAma nirdoSa TharyAM. tyAM sAta mahinAM- nokarI karyA bAda * muMbai samAcAra 'mAM roDa mANekajInA hAtha nIce prUpharIDara tarIke 11 mahinA temaNe neAkarI karI. I. sa. 1876 mAM te pAchA sUrata AvyA. temanA dharanI nabaLI sthiti ane temane AkarI mATe ahIM tahIM phAMphAM mAratA joI ne temanA sasarAe suratamAM vADIphaLIe rahevA dhara ne mAsika rU. 50) ApavAnuM jaNAvyuM, je temaNe svIkAyuM. AthI icchArAma kaiMka nizcitapaNe peAtAnI priya lekhanavAcanapravRttimAM have guMthAtA thayA. A vakhate temaNe machArAma ghelAbhAI, kIkAbhAI parabhudAsa, jevacarAma kezavarAma, bhAnuzaMkara nAraNazaMkara ane khIjAe sAthe maLIne sUratamAM eka, 'zAradApUjaka maMDaLI ' sthApI. temaNe I. sa. 1878nA jAnyuArI mAsathI 'svataMtratA nAmanuM eka mAsika patra kADhayuM. " jemAM rAjyaddArI, saMsArI, bhASAjJAna, vepAra, hunnarAdi paracuraNa viSaya para judI judI kalamathI judA judA viSayeA lakhavAmAM Avaze' evI jAherAta karavAmAM AvI hatI.4 3 * svataMtratA' mAsikathI cchArAmanI patrakAra tarIkenI kArakidI zarU thAya che. e mAsikanA pahelA 'kamAM temaNe sanasanATI phelAve tevA rAjakIya vicArA vyakta karatA eka lekha lakhyAH khIjA aMkamAM sUratamAM na'khAyelA lAIsansa TaeNksa' viruddha uDApeAha karyAM. A lakhANAne sarakAre te arasAmAM thayelA hullaDo mATe javAbadAra gaNavAnA prayatna karyAM, paNa temAM te niSphaLa gaI. AthI DarI jaIne 'svata MtratA'nA aMkA jyAM chapAyA hatA te chApakhAnAnA mAlike pachInAM aA chApavAnI nA pADI. juvAna ane nIDara icchArAme 'svataMtratA 'nA trIjo aMka sUrata sITI senTsa presa'mAM peAtAnI jokhamadArI para chapAvyA; temAM amane ' 4. ' sva. i. sU, desAInA sAkSarajIvananI rUparekhA.' pR. 10

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cathakAra-saritAvali rAjakIya svataMtratA ApA' e nAmanA joradAra apUrNa lekha temaNe lakhelA. rAjadrohanA gunhA mATe temane pakaDavAmAM AvyA. temanA kesa cAlyeA, e kesamAM temane bacAva marahUma sara phirAjazAha mahetAe karyAM ane sva. icchArAma nirdoSa chUTI gayA. A banAvathI sara kriAjazAha temanA rAjakIya viSayamAM guru banyA. ' hullaDa kesa patyA pachI 1879 mAM pharI pAchuM icchArAme ' svataMtratA 'te sajIvana karyuM. 1879 nA mArca-eprilanA akAmAM temaNe suprasiddha hiMda ane biTAniyA ' nAmanI rAjakIya navalane AraMbha karyAM. e vakhate tenuM zIrSIka temaNe pahADa para bharatakhaMDanA hetasvI ' evuM rAkheluM. A arasAmAM 'zAradApUjaka maMDaLI'nuM kAmakAja baMdha paDyuM. ' svataMtratA ' para icchArAme ' mAyALu vAMcanArane chellI mulAkAtanI chellI salAma 'karIne 'gujarAta--mitra 'vALA kIkAbhAI parabhudAsane seoMpyuM, paNa thoDA ja vakhatamAM te baMdha paDyu. A badhI pravRtti sasarAnA kharce nibhAva karatAM karatAM catI hatI. 'svataMtratA ' baMdha paDatAM have zuM karavuM tenI vimAsaNamAM icchArAma paDyA. 1880mAM muMbaImAM sara maMgaLadAsa naththubhAine ekAda patra kADhavAnI icchA thatAM temaNe emane tyAM zikSaka tarIke AvatA IcchArAma bhagavAnadAsa dalAlane e vize vAta kahI. dalAle e patra mATe icchArAmanI bhalAmaNu karI, icchArAmane khAlAvavAnA niya thatAM temanA paramamitra maganalAla DhAkeAradAsa meAdI (jemanA nAma parathI sUratamAM kAleja sthapAi che.) temane teDavA sUrata AvyA. icchArAma A vakhate mAMdA hatA. chatAM maganalAla ahI sasarAnuM khAIne paDyo rahe tenA karatAM muMbaImAM mare te sAru ' e matalabanuM TIkAvacana mAM hovA chatAM kahIne IcchArAmane muMbaI laI gayA. muMbaImAM icchArAma kavi na`da, ratirAma durgArAma dave, maNilAla nabhubhAi, vaikuMTharAya manmatharAya vagere anya gujarAtIone paNa maLyA. e sarve sAkSarAe temanA patramAM lekha lakhavAnuM khUlyuM. nade patranuM nAma 'gujarAtI ' sUcavyuM. ane 'gujarAtI' sAptAhikane pahelA aMka tA. 6 ThThI jUna 1800 te divase kyusare hiMda: presa 'mAM chapAIne bahAra paDyo. 6 6 * ' gujarAtI 'nI sthApanA thai te vakhate muMbaImAM tamAma vartamAnapatrA pArasI bhAione hAthe cAlatAM hatAM. hiMdu mAlikInuM ane hiMdu vicAra

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 5, 10 darzAvatuM A patra AthI sAro AvakAra pAmyuM. A patra dvArA icchArAme cakkasa prajAmata keLavavA prayAsa karyo ane 145 grAhakothI zarU thayeluM patra 1883nI Akhare 850 nI grAhaka saMkhyA sudhI pahoMcI gayuM. tyArabAda te tene phelAvo samagra gujarAta-saurASTramAM thayo. narmadanA "dharmavicAra 'mAM graMthastha thayelA ghaNAkharA lekhe mULe "gujarAtI mAM chapAelA. sva. maNilAla dvivedIne suprasiddha lekha "nArI pratiSThA' paNa sauthI prathama A ja patramAM ATha hapate prakaTa thaele. e ja varSe "gujarAtI' presanI sthApanA thaI. pahelAM mAtra 2 pAnAnuM nIkaLatuM "gujarAtI" have soLa pAnAnuM thayuM. tyArabAda i.sa. 1885mAM hindI rASTriya mahAsabhAnI sthApanA thaI IcchArAma phirojazAhanA ziSya hatA tethI temaNe "kAMgresanuM maMtavya e ja "gujarAtI 'nuM maMtavya " evI nIti rAkhIne mahAsabhAne pakSe sAro lokamata keLavyA. gujarAtI" patra ane presa sthira thatAM gayAM tema IcchArAmanI patrakAra tarIkenI kArakidIne utkarSa thavA lAgyo. paNa patrakAra thavA uparAMta graMthakAra thavAnI icchArAmanI mahattvAkAMkSA hatI. muMbaImAM pagabhara thatAM veMta ja e dizAmAM temaNe prayatna zarU paNa karI dIdhA hatA. I. 1881-82 mAM "AryajJAnavardhaka' nAmanuM mAsika patra calAvatA te samayanA jANItA kavi savitA nArAyaNa sAthe temane paricaya thayo. emanA patramAM IcchArAme "gaMgA-eka gurjara vArtA' nAmanI sAmAjika vArtA kakaDe kakaDe prakaTa karI. A vArtAmAM suratanA nAgara vANiyAnI nyAtane ane AtmArAma bhUkhaNavALAnA nAmane temaNe amara karyuM che. e ja pustakamAM ADakathA tarIke temaNe sUratanI zivAjInI lUMTa' nAmanI aitihAsika vArtA lakhI che. IcchArAmanA sAhityakAra tarIkenA A be prAthamika yatno che. Isa. 1888mAM A be kRtio saMyukta pustakAkAre pragaTa thayelI. sva. maNilAla dvivedIe temanA vicArene AvakArIne gujarAtI bhASAnA 10 ziSTa graMthamAM "gaMgA ne paNa sthAna ApyuM che. 1878 mAM "svataMtratA' mAsikamAM lakhavA mAMDelI "hiMda ane briTAniyA" nAmanI vArtA IcchArAme 1883 thI '85 sudhImAM pUrepUrI lakhIne 1886mAM prakaTa karI. A pustake IrachArAmane jAheramAM sArI prasiddhi apAvI. e pustaka temaNe te vakhatanA hindana vAisaroya leDa ripanane arpaNa karyuM hatuM. emAM temaNe hiMda tathA IMglAMDanA itihAsanI

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graMthakAra-cAratA la bhUmikA para bharatakhaMDanI prajAnuM ane tenA rAjyavahIvaTanuM sAdhakabAdhaka dRSTie vAstavarUpa AlekhavAne samartha prayAsa karyAM che. A pustakamAM hiMdanAM dezI rAjgyA tathA briTiza hakUmatanI rAjyanItinI carcA thayelI che. e kAraNe e samayamAM keTalAka eglA-inDiyana patrakAroe icchArAma para rAjadrohane AreApa mUkIne temane pakaDAvavAne prayatna kareleA; paNa hiMdanuM kharu hita haiDe dharAvanAra e aMgreja gRhasthAe A pustaka vAMcI temAM rAjadroha jevuM kazuM lakhANa nathI evA khAnagI abhiprAya sarakArane ApavAthI icchArAma para kAma calAvavAnuM mAMDI vALyuM. A pustakanI khyAti iMglAMDa, amerikA ane raziyA sudhI pahoMcI.pa. 1875 mAM te pustakane 'gujarAtI' patranI bheTa tarIke ApavAnu` jAhera thatAM grAhakasaMkhyA 85-90nI hatI te vadhIne 2500nI thaI. ' " sva. icchArAmanI sauthI vizeSa mahattvanI sAhityapakAraka pravRtti te jUnAM gujarAtI kAvyAnuM sa'pAdana che. 1885 mAM temaNe 'premAna'dakRta ekhAharaNa 'eka jANItA saMgItazAstrI ane vyAsa pAsethI jUnI pratA meLavI sudharAvIne bahAra pADayuM. A kAryathI temane prAcIna gujarAtI kAvyA .chApavAnA maneAratha jAgyA. dalapatarAme taiyAra karelA kAvyadohana nA be bhAga maLatA nahotA. vaLI sarakArI pharamAna anusAra emAMthI premAnaMdanAM 'okhAharaNa' ne 'naLAkhyAna' jevAM kAvyeAmAMthI zRMgAranA bhAge kADhI nAkhyA hatA. AthI A kavienAM AkhAM kAvyeAne temaja bIjA aprasiddha kavinAM kAvyAne sa'pAdita karavAnI khAsa AvazyakatA hatI. icchArAme A bhagIratha kArya upADyu', temaNe jI. kA. dA.nA 10 bhAgeA pragaTa karavAnI yeAjanA taiyAra karI. dareka graMthamAM ekAda e kavienAM caritre saMzodhana karIne mUkavAM temaja temanAM AkhAM saLaMga moTAM kAvye mukhya vibhAgamAM chApIne khIjA vibhAgamAM paracUraNa kavionAM pado paNa chApavAM, evI temanI yeAjanA hatI. e yeAjanA pramANe 1886 thI 1913 sudhImAM kAvyaDhAhananA ATha bhAgA temaNe prakaTa karyAM. temanI A pravRtti icchArAme maraNu paryaMta niSThApUrvaka cAlu rAkhI hatI. mAhitI ane kAvyapratA ekreDI karavA mATe temaNe patrAdi lakhIne temaja gujarAta-kADiyAvADamAM jAte pharIte puSkaLa zodhakheALa te pUchaparacha karI hatI. graMthaiAnI TIpa sahita kavionAM nAmanI 6 5. sva. 4. sU. desAInA sAkSarajIvananI rUparekhA', pR. 17, 2

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catha ane thakAra pu. 10 kakkAvAra yAdI karIne temaNe 1887nA julAInA "Arya jJAnavardhaka' mAsikanA aMkamAM te chapAvI hatI. A dizAmAM thayelAM kAryomAM icchArAme Ama pahela karelI. A yAdImAM premAnaMda, tenA kahevAtA putra vallabha ane tenA ziSya vallabhanAM nAma temaja kAvyono ullekha che. premAnaMdanAM traNa nATake vize paNa temAM ullekha che. bu. kA..nA bIjA bhAgamAM narasiMha mahetAnuM ne trIjAmAM akhAnuM jIvanacaritra temaNe mUkyuM che. akhAnAM pade, chapAI. lakhANa temaNe kavi hIrAcaMda kAnajInI sahAyathI ekaThuM karyuM hatuM. ba. ka. denA cothA bhAgamAM prItama tathA. vastAnAM caritre, pAMcamAmAM kavi dayArAmanuM caritra, sAtamA mAM tanasukharAma manasukharAma pAse lakhAvIne mUkeluM mIrAMbAInuM caritra ane AThamAmAM sva. aMbAlAla bu. jAnI pAse lakhAvIne mUkeluM kavi nAkaranuM caritra-Ama aneka madhyakAlIna kavionAM jIvana tathA kAvyano ItihAsa gujarAtI sAhityane sauthI prathama icchArAme pUre pADyo che. pote lakhelAM caritrone pramANabhUta banAvavA sAru paNa temaNe yathAzaktimati sArA prayatna karyA che. graMthakAra tarIke sva. IcchArAmanI bIjI moTI sevA te temaNe dhArmika sAhitya lekagamya karavAne puruSArtha karyo te che. sauthI pahelAM temaNe 1886mAM padabaMdha bhAgavatanA saMzodhananuM kAma AraMvyuM. premAnaMda ane suMdaranA "dazamaskaMdha uparAMta gaNadevInA vyAsa vallabhanuM 11 skaMdhanuM bhAgavata-kAvya temaNe saMpAvuM ane mULa bhAgavata sAthe sarakhAvIne kavie tajI dIdhela pAThene TIkAmAM mUkIne, jUnI hastaprato. parathI temaNe tenuM saMzodhana karyuM. enI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM narmade kareluM gItAnuM saraLa gujarAtI saTIka gadya-bhASAMtara temaja Thakkara prAgajIkRta gItAnuM gujarAtI padya bhASAMtara ane tulasIdAsajInA samalaikI hindI duhA paNa chApelA che. 1889mAM A daLadAra graMtha prakaTa thaye. te ja sAlamAM temaNe caMdrakAnta' bhA. 1le lakhavA mAMDyo. emAM temaNe vedAMtanA viSe sahelI bhASAmAM saraLa daSTAMta vaDe samajAvyA che. A graMtha lekhakanA dhAryA karatAM vizeSa kapriya banyA. temAM IcchArAme jiMdagIbhara karela zravaNamananane uttama upayoga karyo che 1885-1892nA gALA daramiyAna gujarAtI presanI Arthika sthiti ghaNI ciMtAjanaka hatI. AthI IchArAmanuM mana 6. ejana 5, 20-24,

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graMthakAra caritAvali bahu ja asvastha rahetuM hatuM. pitAnA mananI zAMti arthe teo suprasiddha prajJAcakSu paM. galAlajI pAse jatA. temanA satsaMgathI lekhaka upara vallabha matanI chAyA paDI tema temane "caMdrakAnta' lakhavAnI preraNA paNa maLI caMdrakAnta nA sAta khaMDa karavAnI temanI IcchA hatI, paNa cothe bhAga lakhatAM te mRtyu AvyuM. A uparAMta saMskRta bhASAnA suprasiddha graMtho jevA ke "vAlmIki rAmAyaNa"paMcadazI' "kAdaMbarI' ityAdine gujarAtImAM utAravAno temaNe jAte prayatna karyo che, temaja zAstrIo rAkhIne temanI pAse anuvAdo paNa karAvyA che. A sivAya temaNe kSemendrakRta "cArucaryAne bAlabhogya anuvAda ane te ja lekhakanA kaLAvilAsane saraLa anuvAda karyo che. temanI maulika kRtiomAM "savitA suMdarI' nAmanI vRddha vivAhanI ThekaDI karatI eka sAmAjika navalakathA, "rAjabhaktiviDaMbaNa" nAmanuM bhANa ane "TIpu sulatAna' jevI adhUrI atihAsika kathA dhyAnapAtra che. "viduranIti" ane "kAmaMdakIya nItisAra' nAmanA rAjanItinA graMtha temaja "arebiyana nAITsa', "mahArANI vikaTeriyAnuM jIvanacaritra" vagere saMskRta-aMgrejI bhASAnI kRtiomAMthI temane hAthe thayelAM bhASAMtara, saMjano paNa batAve che ke sva. IcchArAmane sAhityazekha pUratA vaividhyavALe hate. rAselAsa" nAmanI Do. jensane lakhelI eka vArtA sva. gI. da. koThArI sAthe maLIne temaNe anuvAdita karelI. I. sa. 1891mAM gujarAtI hiMduoe IcchArAma pAse zuddha gujarAtI paMcAMga prakaTa karavAnI mAgaNI karelI. kemake pArasIonAM paMcAMga azuddha hatAM. AthI icchArAme vaDodarAnA rAjyotiSI paM. amRtarAmane e kAma soMpyuM. paM. zrI. gadulAlajIe A paMcAMgamAM vratautsava ItyAdine nirNaya karI Apyo hato. sane 1892mAM saM. 1948nuM prathama zuddha gujarAtI paMcAMga "gujarAtI' presa taraphathI IcchArAme prakaTa karyuM, jeNe sthApelI praNAlikA Aja paryata cAlu che. Ama arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhityane tenI zarUAtanA kALamAM vividha prakAranI kRtio ApIne samRddha karavAmAM sva. IcchArAmane moTe phALo che. emaNe "vidyAkaLAnidhi' nAmanI graMthamALA prakaTa karavAnI janA karelI; temAM caMdranI seLa kaLAonI peThe 16 pustaka prakaTa karavAnI temanI abhilASA hatI. paNa temAMthI mAtra cha kaLAo ja prakaTa

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graMtha ane saMthakAra pu. 10 thaI zakI. A uparAMta bharatakhaMDanA rAjavIonAM caritronI eka mALA taiyAra karavAnI paNa temanI umeda hatI, je pUratA Azrayane abhAve vaNamaherI rahI. nIDara ane niSThAvAna patrakAra tarIke sva. IchArAme I. sa. 1910 sudhI gujarAtanI ekadhArI sevA bajAvI che. gujarAtI" patra A samaya daramiyAna ghaNI moTI kaTokaTImAMthI pasAra thayuM hatuM. 1885-1892 nA gALAmAM prakaTa karelA graMthone pariNAme moTuM devuM icchArAmane mAthe thayeluM. chatAM hiMmata hAryA vinA sunIti ane sanniSThAthI temaNe potAnuM kartavya bajAvyAM karyuM. e kartavya bajAvatAM temaNe kadI nirAzA ke asaMtoSa ramanubhavyo nathI. chApakhAnAnAM rAkSasI yaMtro pAse adhI jiMdagInI pratyeka rAta ujAgare mahenata karI gALIne paNa temaNe "gujarAtI'nI kUca AgaLa dhapAvye rAkhI; bu. kA. he.nAM saMpAdanaprakAzane kIdhAM; "caMdrakAnta 'nA cAra bhAga lakhyo; vArtAo, caritro, itihAso, nItigraMtha taiyAra karyA ne bIjI bhASAmAMthI gujarAtImAM avatAryA. divase je be-cAra kalAkano samaya maLato temAM hIMcakA para besIne saMtane, sAhityazekhIne, rAjyaguruSone ane dharmapremIone teo satkAratA; temanI sAthe nirAMte besIne rasathI carcAo karatA pitAnA putra maNilAla sAthe dharma-tattvajJAnanA aneka prazno vize kyAreka saMvAda ke vivAda karatA te kyAreka vArtA-kathA-AkhyAna kahenAra koI purANI ke navI khabare ApanAra khabarapatronI vAta sAMbhaLatA. - I. sa. 1810mAM presa ekaTa pasAra thayo. sarakArane icchArAmanI rAjakIya viSayo paratve bedhaDaka svataMtrapaNe vicAre jAhera karavAnI paddhati gamI nahi. sarakAre temanI pAse rU. 2500)nI jAmInagIrI lIdhI. IcchArAmane tene sakhata AghAta lAgyA; korTamAMthI ophisamAM AvIne IcchArAme kahyuM ke, "meM mAruM vartamAnapatrakAranuM jIvana have pUruM karyuM. mAro utsAha marI gayo che. A pachI temaNe "gujarAtI' patramAM na. chUTake ja lakhyuM che. 1912nA divALI aMkamAM vartamAnapatronA ItihAsa saMbaMdhI temaNe lakhelo lekha temane chelle lekha che. temane chAtInA jamaNA 7. ejana, tA. 20-11-10 nA sA. icchArAmanA patranA AdhAre. 8. ejana, pR. 37

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graMthakA-pitAvali bhAgamAM kaI kaI vAra duHkhA thaI Ava. guruvAra tA. 5 mI Disembara 1912nA roja rAtre icchArAme hRdaya baMdha paDI jatAM dehatyAga karyo. - sva. IcchArAmanI sAhityika ane sAMskArika pravRttinuM UDatuM avalokana karanArane paNa jaNAze ke ekaniSTha ane aNanama patrakAra uparAMta prAcIna kAvyasAhityanA saMzodhana-saMpAdanane AraMbha karanAra, saraLa gujarAtImAM bhAgavata gItA ane vedAntazAstranuM rahasya saraLa dRSTAMta vaDe sauthI prathama sulabha karAvI ApanAra graMthakAra tarIke gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsamAM teo cirakAlIna sthAna pAmyA che. ApabaLathI AgaLa vadhanAra, khaMtapUrvaka iSTa pravRttimAM maMDyA rahenAra, dhArmika manovRttivALA, ucca saMskAravALA gujarAtIonI hAramALAmAM IcchArAmanuM sthAna nizcita che. caMdrakAnta' temanI kItine amara karanAra graMthamaNi che. temAM rajU thayelA vicAronI udAttatA joIne te vize kevaLa stutivacano uccAranAra sva. maNilAla dvivedIne e graMtha saMskRtane taraja hovAnI brAMti thaelI ane keTalAkane e graMtha icchArAme kaI vedAntI pAse paisA ApIne lakhAvyo hoya evI paNa zaMkAo thayelI. - Ane javAba ApatAM zrI naTavaralAla desAIe kahyuM che ke caMdrakAMta' lakhatI vakhate IcchArAmane mAthe evaDuM moTuM devuM hatuM ke koIne paisA ApIne graMtha lakhAvI zake evI temanI sthiti nahotI. vaLI IcchArAme jyAM jyAM zAstrIo pAse anuvAda karAvyA che tyAM tyAM te te zAstrInAM nAma anuvAdaka tarIke mUkyAM che ja. "caMdrakAnta"nI racanA kaI saMskRta graMthanA anuvAdarUpe nahi, paNa IcchArAme aneka sAdhusaMto ane kathAkAra pAsethI zravaNa karela AkhyAne ane dRSTAMtanA yathArtha saMyojananA phaLarUpe hatI ema kahI zakAya. 9. ejana, pR. 29-30.

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kRtinuM nAma 1. puruSottama mAsanI kathA 2. okhAharaNa 3. naLAvyAna 4, hiM ane briTAniyA 5. raselAsa e prakAra ke viSaya (gI. da. kADhArI sAthe) 6. bu. kA. dehana zA. 1 7. bu. kA. dohana bhA. 2 8. yamasmRti 9. mahArANI vikaTAriyAnu jIvanacaritra 10. gagA-eka gujaravArtA tathA zivAjInI lUTa 11, pR. hA, dohana brA. 3 12. cA ucaryA athavA zubhAcAra 13. arebiyana nAITsa sA. 13 kA AkhyAna 19 navalayA vArtA kAvyasa maha 99 dharmA ciMtana caritra vArtA krASasa graha zramazAstra khAlasAhitya vArtA samAsAla 1872 1885 1896 19 1883 thI 1885 1886, 87, '89, 1925 188 1887 1887 1887 1891 thI 1992 1889 kRtimA : prakAzana-sAla 189 1872, 1921 185 1886, '90, 1901, 1915 1887, '97, 193 1987 1887, 1907 1999 1889, 1908 1889, '93 1898, 1914 1889, '91 1915,'28,'29 prakAzaka zake gujarAtI presa 19 !! " 99 10 " .. 31 13 maulika, sa pAdana ke anuvAda saMpAdana "9 maulika anuvAda soMpAdana 19 anuvAda 36 maulika sapAdana bhASAMtara anuvAda mULabhASA, kartA ke kRtinu nAma zAstrI pAsethI sAMbhaLeTI premAna kRti 19 DaoN. jAnsananI e nAmanI vArtA vividha kavionI kRti e 19 saMskRta parathI aMgrejI'parI vividha kavionI kRtipre kSemendra kRta aMgrejI parathI thatha ane zakAra pu. 10

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14. 5badha bhAgavata 15. yAsaritsAgara zA. 11 16. TIpu sulatAna bhA. 1 17, rAjabhaktiviDaMbaNu 18. kaLAvilAsa 19. viduranoti - 20. kAmAMkIya nItisAra 21. bu. kA. da. bhA. 4 22. savitAsuMdI 63. saraLa hAIbarI 24. zrIdharI gItA . 25. caMdrakAnta bhA, 1 sAnya vArtA vArtA bhANa kaLApremanuM vana rAjakAraNa nIticarcA kAvya-sagraha sAmAjika navalakathA kA dharmacarcA dharmotattvacarcA 26. guja, sacitra vAcanamALA pAThapustaka (paDelI cApaDI) 27. zukanIti 28. vAlmIki rAmAyaNuM rAjyanIti mahAmatra 1889 1891 188 1889 1882 1890 "" 31 "" 95 1890 189 1892 * 1893 193 1889, '99 1917, 1917 1891, 1909, 1916 18* 1889, 1925 1889, '91, 1915 gujarAtI presa sa'zAdhanasapAdana premAnandva, suMdara, vadhela mAhi kRta saMskRta parathI 1890, '92, '96 1903, '11, '20,'25 1891, 94 1897, '99, 1904 39 1892, 1912 1912, 1924 1893, 1912 1912, 1924 1941 99 ". " 19 " 1892, 1915 (cAstrI prANajIvananA sudhArA sahita) 1890, 1924 * sapAdana maulika 189deg, 'Y 1913, 24 1890, 1913 1892, 1924 ', 19 31 "9 "" "0 anuSAda maulika 99 anuvAda 99 sahita ) anuvAda maulika maulika kSemendrakRta 'virApa' parathI saskRta pacI anuvAda ( zAstrI prANajIvananA sudhArA bhASAMtara '' vividha kavionI kRtie saMskRta parathI saMskRta parathI saMskRta parathI 39 graMthakAra-ca tAvAla

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. 29. ba. kA. he. bhA. 5 kAvyasaMgraha 185 185, 1906, 1926 gujarAtI prasa saMpAdana vividha kavionI kRtio 30. dihI para hallo athavA ai. navalakathA 1895 1895, 1909, saMjana hiMdI parathI bhAratanA paravApaNune prAraMbha 1926 31. kRSNacaritra 1 1895 1895 saMpAdana bidhikRta 32. bALakone AnaMda bALavArtAo 1895 1895, 1905, bhASAMtara aMgrejI parathI bhA. 1-2 1913, 1922 : 33. rAjataraMgiNuM athavA itihAsa 1898 1898 bhASAMtara saMskRta parathI kAzamIrane itihAsa bhA. 1 38. auraMgajeba caritra 1898), 1898 - agrejI parathI 35 paMcadazI (caMdrakAnta vedAMtacarcA 1900 1900, 1917 saMskRta parathI vivaraNa sahita) 36. bakA, da. bhA. 1 kAvyasaMgraha 1900 1900, 1917 saMpAdana vividha kavionI kRtio 37. caMdrakAnta bhA, 2 dharma-tatvacarcA 1901 1901, 1902, '09, maulika - 1901, 13, 20, 24 38. lekhanapaddhati nibaMdha 1904 39. caMdrakAnta bhA. 3 dharmatattvacarcA 1907 1972, 1908, mAM 1914, 24 / 40. bu. kA. da. bhA. 7 kAvyasa graha 1912, 1912 saMpAdana vividha kavionI kRtio 41, ba. kA, da. bhA. 8 ,, 1913 1913, 42. narasiMha mahetA kRta , kAvyasaMgraha (uparanAM pustako pikI caMdrakAnta bhA. 1-2-3 nAM marAThI tathA hiMdI temaja 'hinda ane briTAniyA" tathA "gaMgA-eka gurjara vAtanuM marAThI bhASAMtara thayuM che.) , narasiMhanI kavitA che thaze ane vikAra pu. 10

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graMthakAra-caritAvali sva. icchArAme kAma karatAM karatAM ja deha cheDelo hovAthI emanAM keTalAMka pustake adhUrAM rahelAM te nIce mujaba:- (1) bahakAvyadohana bhAga 9-10 (2) TIpu sulatAna bhA. 2 (3) ToDakRta rAjasthAna'nuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara (5) taravasAra (mizra) (6) bhArata sarvasaMgraha (bharatakhaMDana zAstrIya kesa) (7) bharatapurane ghere (8) rezana ArA (9) bhASA saMskAra (10) humAyunI gujarAta upara caDAI (11) kaThopaniSada u5ra TIkA. abhyAsa-sAmagrI che, "sva. icchArAma sUryarAma desAInA sAkSarajIvananI rUparekhA :- zrI. naTavaralAla che. desAIe tA. 9-12-1928 nA roja pro. ba. ka. ThAkaranA pramukhapade sUrata "gujarAtI sAhityamaMDaLane Azraye sva. nI jayaMtI nimitte ApeluM vyAkhyAna, 2. "e so ne eka varSa pUrvene copaDo yAne sva. icchArAma sUryarAmanI desAI girino itihAsa ane mogala bAdazAhanAM pharamAne : "gujarAtIne tA. 8 mI navembara 1941, dIpaaMka. 3. "caMdrakAnta' bhA. 1nI 1924 mAM prakaTa thayelI 9 mI AvRttinI prastAvanA. 4. maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedIkRta "sudarzana gadyAvali'-pR. 817, 816, 836, 855, 861, 863, 869, 875, 888-889,

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uttamalAla kezavalAla trivedI sva. uttamalAla trivedIne janma temanA mULa vatana amadAvAdamAM I. sa. 1872nA phebruArinI 16mI tArIkhe vaDanagarA nAgara brAhmaNa jJAtimAM thayo hato. temanA pitAzrInuM nAma kezavalAla nAnAbhAI trivedI ane mAtAnuM nAma sadAlakSmI. temanA pitA saurASTramAM lIMbaDI rAjyamAM divAna hatA. I. sa. 1885mAM uttamalAlanuM lagna naTavaralAla narmadAzaMkara paMDayAnAM putrI sva. guNavaMtabA sAthe thayAM hatAM. * uttamalAle prAthamika zikSaNa lakhataramAM lIdhuM hatuM, ane mAdhyamika zikSaNa amadAvAdamAM lIdhuM hatuM. I. sa. 1887mAM meTrikanI parIkSA pAsa karIne teo gujarAta kolejamAM dAkhala thayA. tyAMthI 1891mAM ghaNuM karIne bIjA vargamAM bI. e.nI parIkSA pAsa karIne phelozipa meLavI. bIje varSe kAyadAne abhyAsa karavA teo muMbaI gayA ane muMbaInI le kolejamAMthI - I. sa. 1893mAM elaela. bI. thayA. I. sa. 1896mAM uttamalAle rAjakoTa khAte rItasara vakIlAta karavA mAMDI. I. sa. 1903 sudhI teo rAjakeTa rahyA. vacce 1901-1902mAM te vakhatanA gujarAta kolejanA saMskRtanA prophesara AnaMdazaMkara dhruva rajA upara javAthI uttamalAle saMskRtanA adhyApakanuM kAma karyuM hatuM. kolejamAM bhaNAvavAnuM hoya te divase teo rAjakoTathI AvatA. uttamalAle vakIla tarIke rAjakoTamAM sArI nAmanA meLavI hatI. A samayagALAmAM eka bahAravaTAnA kesamAM mAMgaroLa baMdara mAM speziyala jaja tarIke paNa temaNe kAma karyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1904mAM uttamalAla rAjakoTathI muMbaI AvIne vasyA. ane tyAM vakIlAtanI zarUAta karI. paraMtu buddhizALI, zubha AzayovALA vidvAnoe vepAramAM joDAvuM joIe evA kAMIka khyAlathI temaNe I. sa. 1908mAM vepAramAM jhaMpalAvyuM. sIdhA rastA para cAlanAra, badhAne pitAnA jevA prAmANika mAnanAra, vepAramAM phAvI zakatA nathI, balake chetarAI jAya che. duniyAnA vyavahAradakSa gaNAtA leke AvA saraLa dilanA mANasanI sAthe joDAI, tene vizvAsa meLavI, pachI lAbha laI khasI jAya che. e. kAMIka anubhava sva. uttamalAlane the. tene pariNAme vakIlAtamAM karelI kamANI vepAramAM taNAI gaI. mila, beMka, InTaranezanala TreDiMga kaMpanI, govAmAM meMgenijhanI khANa kADhavAnI pravRtti vageremAM pote karelI kamANI

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paMthakAzapitAvali tathA pitAnA vArasAmAM maLelI saMpatti ema saghaLuM gumAvavAno vakhata AvyuM. paraMtu A to temanA jIvananuM sthUla, vyavahAranuM pAsuM hatuM. enI viSamatAnI asara sAhityakAra. sevAbhAvI ke dharmaparAyaNuM uttamalAlanA vyaktitva para bhAgye ja thaI haze. vidyArthIkALathI ja temane sAhityane zokha hate. anya vyavasAya sAthe sAhityanA kSetrane saMparka temaNe satata rAkhyAM karyo hato, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa te vakhatanA "samAlocaka" "vasaMta" "gujarAta" "yugadharma" ane "raMgabhUmi' jevAM sAmayimAM lekha lakhIne temaNe lekhaka tarIke noMdhapAtra phALo paNa Apyo hato. narasiMharAva, AnaMdazaMkara ane kezavalAla dhruva sAthe temane nikaTano saMbaMdha hato. uttamalAlamAM narasiMharAva ane AnaMdazaMkara sAthe ucca kakSAnI sAhityacarcA karavA jeTalI vyutpanna ane paripakava buddhi hatI. narasiMharAva ke AnaMdazaMkaranA jeTalo samRddha akSaravAra uttamalAle Apyo nathI, tenuM mukhya kAraNa e ke vepAra uparAMta rAjakAraNamAM paNa temaNe jhaMpalAvyuM hatuM. samakAlIna jAhera pravRttiomAM sakriya rasa levAnI dhagaza ane zakti uttamalAla dharAvatA hatA. sAhitya pariSada, keLavaNI pariSada, nAgara pariSada jevI saMsthAomAM adhikAra pade cUMTAIne teo darekanuM saphaLa saMcAlana karatA. muMbaInI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnA maMtrI tarIke temaNe thaDe vakhata kAma karyuM hatuM. temanI kArakirdI daramyAna uttamalAle e saMsthAnI pravRttine sArI peThe vega ApIne manasukharAmabhAInI bhAvanAne ghaNe aMze phalita karI batAvI hatI. vaLI "samAcaka'nA taMtrI tarIke paNa temaNe amuka vakhata kAma karyuM hatuM. te samayanA dezanetAo sAthe uttamalAlane sAthe paricaya hate. lekamAnya TiLaka sAthe I. sa. 1915mAM temane pahele meLApa thayo tyArathI ja lekamAnyane uttamalAlabhAI . mATe saddabhAva utpanna thaye hatA. lekamAnyanA "gItArahasya'nuM temaNe kareluM bhASAMtara TiLakane khUba gamyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1919mAM lAhera khAte kegresanuM adhivezana bharAyuM tyAre gAMdhIjI ane mAlavIyajInA samAgamamAM teo AvyA hatA. svabhAve zAMta ane vicArapradhAna hovA chatAM teo karmamAM, sIdhA kAmamAM mAnanArA hatA. kesanI kAryapaddhati jema jema teo jotA gayA tema tema teo kegresa tarapha vaLatA gayA ane gIragAma kegresa kamiTImAM joDAyA paNa hatA. zrI

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 hiMmatalAla aMjAriyA kahe che tema, "kunehathI, mAyAbharI kaDaka niSThAthI ane peAtAnA dAkhalAthI hAthamAM lIdheluM kAma suMdara rIte pAra pADavAnI temanAmAM zakti hatI.' janasamUhane vicAra ane AcArane pravAha kaI khAjU vaLe che e jANI levAnI temanAmAM ajakha diSTa hatI. temaNe 'vasa'ta' mAM lakhelA keMgresa vizenA temaja azAstra vizenA lekhe temanI A dRSTinA sacoTa purAvArUpa che. gujarAta vidyAsabhA (te vakhatanI 3. va. sA.) mATe temaNe 'akabaranu' carita' tathA 'hindanA Arthika itihAsa' e be mahattvanA graMthA aMgrejIne AdhAre taiyAra karI ApyA hatA. 20 gujarAtI uparAMta aMgrejI bhASA para paNa sva. uttamalAlane sAra kA" hatA. temaNe thoDe vakhata 'Daily Mail' nA taMtrI tarIke paNa kAma karyuM hatuM, ane 'Indian Review'mAM teo lekhA paNa lakhatA hatA. 'Constitutional Theory of Hindu Law" 'National Education' nAmanA e aMgrejI graMthA paNa temaNe lakhyA hatA. gujarAtImAM sva. uttamalAle keAI saLa'ga maulika graMtha lakhyo nathI. paraMtu temanI paripakava vicArazakti ane svastha, payeSaka zailInA phaLarUpa aneka uttama sAhitya-guNAvALA maulika lekhA 'vasaMta' ane 'samAlAcaka'nI phAilAmAM adyApi pa'ta TAI rahela che. zrI vizvanAtha bhaTTa kahe che tema, eka rIte e 'vasaMta'kAranA sAthI jevA ja hatA. vicAra zailI AdinI dRSTie 'vasa'ta' sapradAya sAthe uttamalAlane nikaTanA saMbaMdha hatA. paMDitayugane niHzeSatAne zAkha emanAmAM kaIka vizeSa hAvAthI emanA nibaMdho moTe bhAge prabaMdha jeTalA bahu lAMbA heAya che. * sAkSarayuganA A sanmAnya vicArakanA lekhAne saheje eka daLadAra saMgraha thaI zake, sAhitya temaja samAjanA abhyAsamAM upayogI nIvaDe tevI sAmagrI pUrI pADatI temanI e kRtione sa Mgraha zrI hiMmatalAla aMjAriyA jevA vidvAna adhikArI pAse kAI saMsthAe taiyAra karAvavA ghaTe. I. sa. 1922nA ArbhamAM uttamalAlane eka sAmAnya chatAM jIvaleNu asmAta naDayo. te eka vAra pUjA karatA hatA te vakhate chAjalI parathI kAMika vAsaNa" temanAM patnI levA jatAM hatAM tyAM tapelI paDI gai ane uttamalAlanA mAthAmAM jakhama thayA. Ane pariNAme temanA magajanA jJAnataMtue evA zithila thai gayA ke temane mAthAnI bimArI kAyamane * jue 'niba MdhamAlA', upeAdhAta pu0 31-32

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graMthakAra caritAvali mATe lAgu paDI. pachI vAraMvAra temanI tabiyata lathaDavA lAgI; dhaNuM upacAra karyA paNa vyartha. aMte 1923nA DisembaranI 26 mI tArIkhe A udAra ane zuddha vRttinA, dharmacusta rUDhivAdanA guNo joI zakanAra, jJAti vagerenA rivAjone samAjavAdanI daSTithI tapAsanAra ane tevA rivAjonA sadazene apanAvanAra vizuddha vicAraka ane UMcA tattvazodhaka tarIke pratiSThA pAmelA', saujanyamUrti gRhasthanuM avasAna thayuM. veravikhera mAsikamAM daTAI rahelA uttamalAlanA lekhe temanI ziSTa zailI, ucca vAkuprabhAva ane UMDI vicArazaktinuM nidarzana kare che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa sAmAjika, rAjakIya tathA bIjA sArvajanika prazno vizenA temanA siddhAto, temanI bhAvanAo, ane temanA Adarzone paNa tAdaza khyAla Ape che. emanA pratyeka lekhamAM. uttamalAlanI javalaMta chatAM DahApaNu bharelI dezabhakti pratIta thAya che. sva sara ramaNabhAI pitAnA A samakAlIna puruSArthIne aMjali ApatA kahe che ke "rAuttamalAlanA che hadayanI udAratA, vicAronI udAratA, vidvattAnI gahanatA, vivekabuddhinI , tIvratA, jIvananI zuddhatA, vyavahAranA viSayenI tulanAnI yathArthatA, mananI gaMbhIratA, saMkalpanI sthiratA ane daDhatA, vicAranA kolAhala vaccenI temanI svasthatA e sarva anubhavathI jANanAra kahI zakaze ke dezane emanI hajI ghaNI jarUra hatI." * " katio : kRtinuM nAma prakAra ke prakAsana-sAla pakAzaka maulika, saMpAdana mULa bhASA, viSaya ke anuvAda kartA ke kRtinuM nAma 1. briTiza itihAsa 1909 gujarAta vidyAsabhA anuvAda ramezacaMdra dattanuM kistAnane aMgrejI pustaka Arthika itihAsa 2. , bhA-2 ,, 1912 che, akabara jIvana "Rulers of caritra India" on graMthamALAmAM 4, Constitu kAyado ena. ema. maulika aMgrejI graMtha tional Theory of Hindu Law muMbaI 4. National fine Edlucation * "sva. uttamalAla kezavalAla trivedI" (ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha) "vasaMta' varSa 22 aM, 11 eNmadAvA 1913 1 916 tripAThInI muM. .

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- graMtha ane bahAra 5 10 6. zrImad bhagavad tattvajJAna 1913 bALa gaMgAdhara anuvAda bA. gaM.TiLakane gItArahasya. TiLaka . marAThI vaMza athavA karmayoga -rahasya keTalAka mahatvanA lekhe 1. akabara ane tenI "samAcaka pu. 5, saM. 2-3 rAjyavyavasthA 2. koMgresanA be pakSe pu. 12, aM. 1 3. ApaNuM rAjakIya pu. 12, aM. 2 samudramaMthana 4. go. mA. tri, nAM - AcArasUtro 5. dha nezanala koMgresa: pu. 20, . 12 tenuM svarUpa ane sAtha 6. svAtaMtrya samAja-dIkSita pu. 25, . 8 - bALa gaMgAdhara TiLaka 7. sarakAra ane asahakAra pu. 27, aM. 2 8. ApaNA dezanI udyoga 'vasaMta" varSa 4, pR. 35, 386 saMbaMdhI sthiti 9. pazcimanA sudhArAno varSa 4, pR. 5, 7, | dAvo 130, 184, 223, 27 10. sarasvatIcaMdra' ane 'vasaMta' varSa 5, pR. 205, 369 ApaNe gRhasaMsAra 11. govardhanabhAi-eka varSa 1, pR. 221 nirIkSaNa 12. maNilAla ane varSa 1, pR. 72 - bALAzaMkara 13. hindanI Arthika varSa 1, pR. 170. sthiti 14. prAthamika zikSaNa ane varSa 11, 5. 46 prAthamika zikSaka 15. yugAntarano uSa:kALa varSa 1, pR. 89 ayAsa-sAmagrI 1. 'smaraNamukara" (na, je dI.) pR. 224-232 2. 'vasaMta' varSa 22, aM. 11, "5. uttamalAla kezavalAla trivedI (le. ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha) 3, nibaMdhamAlA" (saM. vi. ma. bhaTTa), upadhAta, 5. 31-32

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elekajhAMDara kinloka phorbsa gujarAtI bhASA ane prajAne sAcA hitaiSI tarIke AjathI eka sadI pahelAM sArI peThe paMkAyelA A aMgreja amaladArane janma I. sa. 1821 nA julAI mAsanI 7 mI tArIkhe laMDanamAM thayuM hatuM. temanA pitAnuM nAma mi. jahona phensa mizala hatuM. vatana skoTaleMDamAM AbaraDIna paragaNuM. phorbsane pitA taraphathI umarAva dila ane mAtA taraphathI vidyAprItine vAraso maLyo hato. temanA prAraMbhika vidyAbhyAsanI khAsa mAhitI maLatI nathI, paraMtu pahelethI temane ucca kalA ane vidyA vize anurAga hatuM. AraMbhamAM temane zilpI banavAnI AkAMkSA hatI. tadanusAra IMgleDanA prakhyAta zilpazAstrI mi. jyaoNja bAskevinI pAse temaNe ATha mAsa abhyAsa karyo hato. vIsa varSanI umara thatAM phense hindI sanadI nekarImAM dAkhala thavAnuM nakkI karyuM. tene mATe temaNe helIbarI pAThazALAmAM abhyAsa karavA mAMDayo. A vakhate kAM to mitravarga taraphathI ke pachI pAThazALA taraphathI phebsane sara viliyama jensanA badhA graMthe bheTa maLyA hatA. phebsane e graMthasamUha atyaMta priya hato. zekasapiyara temane priya kavi hato. pitAnA lekhamAM zekasapiyaranAM vacane TAMkavAne temane zaikha hatA. muMbaI prAMtanI 1843 nA navembaranI 15 mI tArIkhe phense sanadI nokarImAM joDAvA sAru muMbaI AvyA. AraMbhamAM temane ahamadanagaramAM mUkyA. pachI be ja mAsamAM teo hindustAnI bhASAnI parIkSAmAM uttIrNa thayA. eTale ahamadanagaramAM ja trIjA Asi. kalekaTara tarIke teo nimAyA. tA. 8 mI navembara 1844 nA roja teo khAnadezanA bIjA Asi. kalekaTara tarIke nimAyA. tA. 6 ThThI eprila 1846 nA roja teo muMbaInI hAIkorTanA ekiMTaga DepyuTI rajisTrAra tarIke niyukta thayA. tene trIje ja divase amadAvAdanA Asi. jajane hoddo phorbsane maLyo. phebsa vidyA kalA ubhayamAM kuzala hatA. temane zipane khAsa zekha hatuM. gujarAtanI suMdara zilpakRtio joIne phorbsane lAgyuM ke koI pUrve thaI gayelA pratApI lekanA mahimAnAM e avAcika cihna che. A uparathI 1. gu. va. so. ne itihAsa, vi. 1, pR.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra. 10 gujarAtanAM prAcIna sthaLe ane zilAlekho joIne gujarAtano itihAsa UkelavAnI temane IcchA thaI AvI. manaHsukharAma tripAThI kahe che tema, kalA upara vidyAne prakAza pADI tene vAzminI karavAne temaNe nizcaya karyo." emaNe gujarAtI bhASA zIkhavA mAMDI. amadAvAdanI aMgrejI zALAnA heDamAstara bhogIlAla prANavallabhadAsa pAse teo AraMbhamAM gujarAtI zIkhyA. pachI te gujarAtI sAhityanA abhyAsanI abhiruci jAgI. eTale bhoLAnAtha sArAbhAInI bhalAmaNathI phorbsa kavi dalapatarAmane sane 1848nA navembaramAM vaDhavANathI amadAvAda teDAvyA. dalapatarAme temane - gujarAtI sAhityanI laganI lagADI. phorbsa ne dalapatarAma vacce jiMdagIbharanI mitratA baMdhAI dalapatarAmanI sahAyathI phense gujarAtakAThiyAvADane pravAsa kheDIne hastalikhita graMthanI zodha karavA mAMDI. khUNe khAMcare paDI rahelA kavione teNe uttejana ApavA mAMDayuM. eTale phebsane bhajanI upamA maLI. phensane graMthasaMgraha karavAno prayatna e vakhate gujarAtamAM eTale AgaLa vadhyo hato ke dalapatarAme udhaIne uddezIne kavitA karI ke kuThA pustaka kApine, eno na karIza asta; pharato pharate phArabasa, grAhaka maLe gRhastha." I. sa. 1848nA DiseMbaranI 26 mI tArIkhe phense gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTI (have gujarAta vidyAsabhAnI sthApanA karI. te . uddeza "gujarAtI bhASA sAhityane utkarSa kare, upayogI jJAnane pracAra karo ane sAmAnya rIte keLavaNInI vRddhi karavI." A uddeza anusAra gujarAtanuM paheluM sAmayika "vartamAnapatra' phebsa zarU karyuM. gujarAtanI pahelI lAIbrerI neTiva lAIbrerI paNa teNe sthApI ane junA gujarAtI pustakanI hAthapratane saMgraha karavA mAMDyo; zALAonI sthApanA karI ane zALapayogI pustakanuM prakAzana karyuM; InAma ApIne navAM pustake lakhAvyAM ane vidyArthIone ziSyavRtti ApIne abhyAsamAM uttejana ApyuM. gu. va. se. nI sthApanAmAM phensanI sAthe karnala kulajemsa, karnala volesa, viliyama phosTara, je zIvarDa ane revaraMDa pITara Adi yuropiyana gRhastha ja hatA. cheka 1852 mAM pahelA dezI gRhastha A maMDaLamAM joDAyA te bhogIlAla prANavallabhadAsa. 1. gu. va. so. ne i., vi. 1, 5. 9

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graMthakAra saritAvila pa I. sa. 1849 nA eprilanI 4thIe phorbse vamAna' nAmanu gujarAtanuM paheluM aThavADika patra zarU karyuM. te dara budhavAre pragaTa thatuM hAvAthI lAkA tene ane pachI tA dareka vamAnapatrane budhavAriyuM kahevA lAgyA. I. sa. 1850 nA eprilanI 15mI tArIkhe phorbsanI badalI sUratanA Asi. jaja tathA sezansa jaja tarIke thaI. tyAM temaNe 'sUrata samAcAra' kaDhAvyuM. uparAMta eka 'sUrata aSTAvi'zI seAsAyaTI' UbhI karIne phaoNrbse pote tenA ma MtrI thayA. emanA prayatnathI 1810 mAM tyAM enDrusa lAibrerI'nI paNa sthApanA thaI. A vakhate zahera sudharAInA dhArA sUratamAM dAkhala karavAnA hatA. te dhArA aMge leAkamata keLavavAnuM kAma phraoNbsate sarakAre sAMpyuM. kavi dalapatarAma tathA durgArAma mahetAjInI sahAyathI phaeN|se sUratamAM mahele mahele pharIne lAkAne e dhArAnI evI suMdara samajUtI ApI ke sarakAre temanI kuneha ane nirNayaSuddhinAM vakhANa karIne temane khAsa AbhAra mAnyo. tA. 1lI me 1851nA rAja phrAnsa amadAvAdanA pahelA Asi. kalekaTara ane mAjisTreTa tarIke niyukta thayA. 1852 nA oNgasTamAM temane mahIkAMThAnA poliTikala ejanTanuM sthAna maLyu. A vakhate sAdarAmAM temaNe rAjakumAreAne zikSaNa ApavAnI zALA sthApI. pachI pAchA te 1853 nA jUnamAM amadAvAdanA akiTaMga jaja ane sezansa jaja tarIke AvyA. amadAvAda AvyA pachI pAchI temaNe hastalikhita gra MthAnI zodha zarU karI. caMda kavitA pRthurAja rAsa' meLavavA sAru phraoNbse bahu jahemata uThAvI. gujarAtanA gAmegAma mANasa meAkalIne jUnI hAthatratAnI temaNe tapAsa karavA mAMDI, paNa vya. royala eziyATika sAsAyaTImAM paNa e pustakanI adhUrI prata ja maLe che. chevaTe mudIkrATAnA rAjA pAse e pustaka che evuM samajAtAM tyAMnA resiDenTanI vaga lagADIne mahAprayatne e pustaka phrAnse maMgAvyu`. tenA 80,000 jeTalA zleAkAnI nakala karAvIne temaNe e pustaka peAtAnI pAse rakhAvyuM. temanA mRtyu bAda, A pustaka muMbaInI 'phAOsa gujarAtI sabhA'nA pustakAlayamAM rAkhavAmAM Avyu' hatuM. pATaNanA jaina bhaMDArAnI mulAkAte pazu phArmsa gayA hatA. jaina munione namra ane madhura vacanA tathA mAnavastra vaDe prasanna karIne temaNe amadAvAdanA ItihAsa " mAM pR. 187 para 1. maganalAla vakhatacaMdnakRta tA. 2 jI me ApI che; paNa dalapatakAvya' bhAga 1-mAM A tArIkha ApI che te vadhu pramANabhUta che. ? .

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graMtha ane thathakAra : 10 e bhaMDAramAMnA graMthe joyA. te paikI "dayAzrayanI phense nakala karAvI lIdhI. uparAMta vaDedarA, amadAvAda ane khaMbhAtanA graMthabhaMDAro paNa temaNe joyA hatA. temAMthI mukhyatve ItihAsa-graMthane temaNe saMcaya karyo hato, jemAM prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi', "bhejaprabaMdha', dayAzraya", "pRthurAja rAsa' "kumArapAla rAsa", "ratnamAlA, pravINasAgara', jagadeva paramAra', bAbIvilAsa, zrI pAla rAsa', kesara rAsa" ane "hamIraprabaMdha' mukhya hatA. page cAlIne pravAsa karavAne pharmsane ghaNo zokha hato. pravAsamAM teo lAkaDI, pistola, nakaze ane nANAMnI kothaLI sAthe rAkhatA. mArgamAM maLatA vaTemArguone UbhA rAkhIne teo temanAM sukhaduHkhanI vAte pUchatA tathA sarakAra vizene lokone abhiprAya jANatA; kaI anAtha daridrI heya te tene paisA ApIne sahAya paNa karatA.2 I. sa. 1852 mAM phebsanI preraNAthI IDaranA rANu yuvatasiMhajIe IDaramAM kavisaMmelana bharyuM. kavitA sAMbhaLIne yogyatA pramANe dareka kavine phorbsa mAnavastra Apyo ane kahyuM ke " huM tamane tamArA guNa pramANe ApI zakato nathI." vidyA ane kalAnA uttejana arthe pharsa eTalI chUTathI pArjita dhana vAparatA ke meTe pagAra hovA chatAM temane vilAyatathI paisA maMgAvavA paDatA. I. sa. 1854nA mArca mAsanI 28 mIe phormsa svadeza gayA. tyAM rahIne temaNe rAsamALAnI racanA karI. laMDananA "inDiyA hAusamAM gujarAtane lagatAM je je khatapatro ItyAdi hatAM te atizramapUrvaka vAMcI jaIne phorbsa "rAsamALA'nuM pustaka taiyAra karyuM. "rAsamALA'nI prathama 1. phArbasa jIvana caritra', pR. 17 2. pravAsa daramiyAna koIvAra hAsyavinedanA prasaMga paNa banatA. tevo eka banAva phAcaritrakAra ma. sU. tripAThIe noMdhyo che. eka vakhata paMcAsara pAzva nAthamAM phormsa vanarAjanI mUrti jevA gayA hatA. tyAM kaI bhATa temanI kIti sAMbhaLIne eka pustaka bheTa karavA Avyo ane bolyo keH "e vAra gAyakavADane amArA vadhe eka ja sarasa pustaka dekhAyuM hatuM tethI sarakAre khuzI thaI eka gAma bakSisa ApyuM che. te aMgreja to mehoTe rAjA che, mATe amane koI vadhAre AvyA che." sAhebane A vAta sAMbhaLI bahu hasavuM AvyuM. temaNe dalapatarAmane hanumAna nATakamAMnI hanumAna ane bhakti vaccenI A prakAranI vAtacIta samAAvavAnuM kahyuM ane te bolyA ke " sAI! tamane gAma ApavAnI mArI zakti heta te huM ja cAkarI zA vAste karata!"

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thathakA-caritAvila aMgrejI AvRtti I: sa. 1856mAM laM'Dana khAte ricarDasana bradhasa' taraphathI bahAra paDI. Ama gujarAtane itihAsa sauthI prathama eka agreja pAsethI maLe che. jema grAMTa Daphe mahArASTrane itihAsa lakhyA ane karnala ToDe rAjasthAnane lakhyA tema phaeNmse gujarAtane itihAsa lakhyA che. gujarAtanI bhUtakAlIna mahattAneA punaruddhAra karavAnA stutya irAdAthI prerAIne A pustaka taiyAra karavAmAM oNbsate kavi dalapatarAmatI mATI sahAya hatI. I. sa. 1856 nA navembaramAM phaeNmsa` pAchA hi'da AvyA. 1857nI krAnti vize aneka videzI lekhakA ane amaladArAe hindI prajA para e vakhate jhanUnamAM AvIne sakhata TIkAprahAreA karyA hatA, tyAre phorbsa nyAyapakSa pakaDIne te vize lakhatA hatA. sara jhaoNna mAlakeAmanA jIvanacaritra para vivecana karatAM temaNe briTiza sarakAranI ekapakSI nItinI TIkA karatAM nIce pramANe kahyuM hatuM: nyAya karavAmAM kiMcit paNa pakSapAta karyAMthI ApaNA vizvAsa upara jeTalA dhakko, ane tene je pariNAma thAya, te pacAzeka AkhA prAntA hAthamAMthI jAya, tenA karatAM paNa vizeSa hAnikAraka che evuM mAlkAma mAnatA. are ! ApaNI ja prajA sAthenA ane bIjA mAMDalika rAjA sAthenA, ApaNA karAranA artha karavAmAM, briTiza sarakAra ane tenA kAryabhArIe keTaleA badhA pakSa kare che. " 'AuDa' (ayeAjyA) nAmanA khIjA aMgrejI lekhamAM temaNe rAjAprajAne hitakAraka uttama vicArA ApelA che. A banne lekhA 1857-1858mAM 'Ae kvAlI rivyU'mAM prasiddha thayA hatA. mahArANInA DhaMDherA mujaba vacana pALavAmAM Ave te briTiza sarakAranI sAme hiMdI prajAne maLavA karavAnuM kAi kAraNa na rahe ema phaoNrbsa'nuM dRDha matavya hatuM. kr I. sa. 1862 nA eprilanI 12 mI tArIkhe phorbsanI muMbaInI hAI krATanA nyAyamUrti tarIke kAmacalAu nimaNUka thaI. ahIM temaNe muddhibaLa tathA UDI nyAyaSTine sArA paricaya karAvyA. 1864 mAM te muMbaInI royala eziyATika seAsAyaTInA upapramukha tarIke cuMTAyA. te ja varSamAM muMbaI yunivarsiTInA kulanAyaka ( Vice-chancellor) tarIke paNu sarakAre phorbsane nImyA hatA. mubaInI sara je. je. skUla Aph AnA adhyakSa (Dean) tarIke paNa te A vakhate kAma karatA hatA. 1. manaHsukharAma tripAThIe mULa aMgrejInuM A pramANe bhASAMtara karyuM che. (juo 'phAsa jIvana caritra', bIjI AvRtti, 50 27)

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graMtha ane graMthakAra rU. 10 A arasAmAM phense "ratnamAlA' nAme vrajabhASAnA graMthane jeTalo maLyo teTalo bhAga aMgrejImAM utAryo hato. vaLI, tA. 14 eprila 1864 nA roja "somanAtha' vize eka nibaMdha muMbaInI raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTImAM temaNe vAMcyA hatA, je 1865 mAM te ja sabhAnA mukhapatramAM pragaTa thayA hatA. A vakhate muMbaImAM zerasaTTAne juvALa cAlato hato. tene lAbha laIne nANuM ekaThAM karI phebsanA nAmanI eka gujarAtI sabhA muMbaImAM sthApavAne vicAra sva. manaHsukharAma tripAThIne AvyA. e sabhA mATe eka lAkha rUpiyAnuM phaMDa ekaThuM karavAnuM nakkI thayuM. manaHsukharAmanI vagathI saurASTranA rAjAo tathA muMbaInA zeThiyAo pAsethI moTI moTI rakama bharavAmAM AvI. tA. 25 mArca 1865nA roja phorbsane baMgale muMbaInA suprasiddha gujarAtIonI sabhA maLI, ane gujarAtI sabhA'nI sthApanA karI. phebsanI te sabhAnA pramukha tarIke ane manaHsukharAma tripAThInI tenA maMtrI tarIke varaNI thaI. phebsane gujarAtI sabhA mATe eTalI badhI mamatA hatI ke mAMdagIne kAraNe badhAM kAmo choDavAM chatAM gujarAtI sabhAnI javAbadArI to chevaTa lagI temaNe pitAne zire ja rAkhI. tA. 31mI ogasTa 1865nA reja pUnAmAM phebsa sAhebanuM magajanA rogane kAraNe akALa avasAna thayuM. dayALu ane milanasAra svabhAvavALA phebsanA mRtyue gujarAtane svajana gumAvyA eTale AghAta Apo. kavi dalapatarAme "phArbasaviraha nAmanI karuNaprazasti racIne svamitrane zraddhAMjali arpI che. phebsanI rAsamAlA" Aja sudhI gujarAtanA itihAsanI sAmagrI pUrI pADatA Akara graMtha tarIke mahattva pAmela che. tenA karatAM vadhu susaMkalita ane pramANabhUta itihAsagraMthA sulabha thatAM Aje enuM mUlya pahelAM jeTaluM rahyuM nathI. paNa muMbaImAM gujarAtI bhASA-sAhityanuM saMzodhana karI rahelI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA' ane chellAM se varSathI samayanA pravAha sAthe AgaLa vadhatI rahIne gujarAtamAM vidyAvRddhinuM suMdara kArya karatI rahelI gujarAta vidyA sabhA (gu. va. sa.) phebsanA yazasvI jIvanakAryanA ciraMjIva smArakarUpa che. katie kRtinuM nAma bhASA viSaya prakAzanasAla prakAzaka anuvAdaka rAsamALA bhA. 1 aMgrejI itihAsa 1856 ricArDasana - bradharsa, laMDana - okasapharDa yuni. - " (bIjI A.) 1924 presa, AphasapharDa tA. 2

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thathakAra-caritANi rAsamAlA bhA. 1 gujarAtI ItihAsa 1869 phAsa 1. 2. 3. 4 22 .. bhA. 2 bhA. 1-2 bhA. 1-2 "" ,, 22 1800 "" (bIjI A.) 1899 (trIjI A.) raNukhADabhAi gujarAtI sabhA, uyarAma muMbaI gujarAta varnA. sA. amadAvAda 1927 phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, muMbaI "" mahAjana ma`DaLa : maganalAla narAtamadAsa paTela: prakaraNa 20, "" 29 "" abhyAsa-sAmagrI phAsa jIvana caritra : sva. manaHsukharAma sU. tripAThI ' phAOsa viraha ' : kavi dalapatarAma (uparyukata " caritranI khIjI AvRttinI sAthe badhAyeluM ) gujarAta varnAkayulara seAsAyaTInA itihAsa, vibhAga 1 : hIrAlAla tri. pArekha pR 1250

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kezavalAla motIlAla parIkha sva. kezavalAla parIkhane janma vi. saM. 1909 nA zrAvaNa suda 7 budhavAranA roja kheDA jillAnA kapaDavaMja tAlukAmAM Avela temanA vatana kaThalAlamAM vizA khaDAyatA vaNika jJAtimAM thayo hato. pitAnuM nAma motIlAla mULajIbhAI ane mAtAnuM nAma navalabahena. motIlAla parIkhe amadAvAda jillAmAM temanI jJAtimAM sauthI prathama (185ra nA eprilanI 7 mI tArIkhe vakIlAta karavAnI sanada meLavI hatI, temanA sauthI nAnA bhAI IzvaradAsa paNa vakIla thayA ane temanA traNe dIkarA-kezavalAla, dvArakAMdAsa ane jeThAlAla-vakIla thayA eTale temanuM kuTuMba vakIlanI aTaka paNu pAmyuM hatuM. kezavalAlanuM lagna saM. 1921 nI sAlamAM phakta bAra varSanI umare jaDAvabahena sAthe thayuM hatuM. be varSanA bALakanA mRtyunA AghAtathI temanAM patnInuM avasAna thayuM. temanAM bIjAM patnInuM nAma dIvALIbahena hatuM. dhULI nizALathI zarU karIne kezavalAle kaThalAlamAM ja sAta gujarAtI ane aMgrejI bIjA dhoraNa sudhI abhyAsa karyo. pachI AgaLa bhaNavA sAru amadAvAdamAM pitAnAM pheIne tyAM rahyA. paNa pheI sAthe ekavAra caDabhaDavAnuM thatAM kezavalAle bhUMgaLInI piLamAM judu makAna rAkhyuM. hAthe rasoI karIne teo khADiyA milka skUlamAM niyamita bhaNavA jatA. traNa cAra varSa Ama cAlyuM haze. eTalAmAM temanA pitarAI bhAI cUnIlAlane tathA kezavalAlane lekhakano svataMtra dhaMdhe AdarI ApabaLathI nAmanA kADhavAnI lAlasA thaI AvI. eTale saM. 1928 nA kArataka zuda 8 nA roja banne bhAIo ane eka trIjA mitra (mohanalAla dalapatarAma kavi) amadAvAdathI muMbaI gayA. paNa tyAM tabiyata bagaDavAthI kezavalAla tathA cUnIlAlane tarata amadAvAda pAchA AvavuM paDayuM. A sAhasanI sajArUpe vaDIlee bannene ghera belAvI lIdhA. kezavalAla ghera kAyadAnAM pustaka vAMcIne vakIlanI parIkSAmAM beThA paNa nApAsa thayA. eTale pharIthI amadAvAdanI sarakArI hAIskUlamAM dAkhala thaIne temaNe abhyAsamAM citta parevyuM. I. sa. 1877mAM teo meTrikyulezana parIkSAmAM beThA. paNa temAM ye niSphaLa gayA. vargamAM pahelo naMbara rAkhanAra kezavalAla nApAsa thayA tethI temanA zikSakane khUba duHkha thayuM. A aMge temaNe yunivarsiTI sAthe patravyavahAra karyo. temanA prayAsane pariNAme bIjA varSathI yunivarsiTIe dareka vidyArthInA viSayavAra guNa

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zathakAracaritAvali jAhera karavAnI paddhati ravIkArI. 1878 mAM kezavalAle meTrikanI parIkSA pasAra karI ane tyAra pachI trIje ja mahine vakIlanI parIkSAmAM paNa teo uttIrNa thayA. tarata ja (1878 nA mArcanI 12 mI tArIkhe) temaNe amadAvAda ane kheDA jillAmAM vakIlAta karavAnI sanada meLavI. kezavalAle amadAvAdamAM vakIlAtanI zarUAta karI tyAre temanA pitAnI hAranA keTalAka agragaNya vakIlo e dhaMdhAmAM pratiSThA jamAvIne beThA hatA. nAnI uMmara, dUbaLuM zarIra, ane ThIMgaNa kadane kAraNe chokarA jevA lAgatA kezavalAle hiMmata ane zraddhApUrvaka dhaMdhAnI zarUAta karI. vakhata jatAM kezavalAla bAhoza, pramANika ane khaMtIlA vakIla tarIke dezI temaja paradezI nyAyAdhIze AgaLa pratiSThA pAmyA. amadAvAdanA vakIlamaMDaLamAM paNa teo thoDA vakhatamAM ja saunAM mAna ane prItine pAtra banyA. kezavalAlabhAIne sAhityane zekha nAnapaNathI hatuM. vidyArthIkALa daramyAna lekhaka tarIke svataMtra dhaMdho karavAne taraMga temane Avele tene ullekha pAchaLa AvI gayo. e vakhate mitrone uddezIne temaja anya nimitte ane chUTaka lekhe, kavitA ane gadya-padyAtmaka patra temaNe lakhyAM hatAM. meTrikyulezana sudhImAM temaNe racelI kRtio paikI traNa khAsa dhyAnapAtra cheH (1) "keghaDAsaMgraha' (saM. 1926): jemAM gUMcavaNa bharelA, salamabuddhie vicAra karatAM ramUja upajAve tevA gaNitanA maukhika dAkhalA ane sagAInA aTapaTA praznovALA ukhANa che. (2) TUMTiyuM" nAme nAnakaDuM gujarAtamAM te vakhate phelAyelA TUMTiyAnA rogathI thayela hAninuM varNana karatuM dalapatazailInuM kAvya (saM. 1928). (3) "kajoDA-duHkhadarzaka nATaka" temAM bALalagna ane kajoDAthI nIvaDatA duHkhadAyI saMsArajIvananuM citra che. vakIlAtanA dhaMdhAmAM paDyA pachI paNa temanI lekhana-pravRtti cAluM rahI hatI. sane 1882 mAM saMsArasudhArAnI bhAvanAthI prerAIne temaNe buddhi ane rUDhinI kathA" racI. temAM yojela rUpakagraMthi, varNane ane atyanta rUDha, saraLa ane bahudhA zuddha ane rasabharI bhASAnI svanavalarAma paMDyAe sArI prazaMsA karI hatI. I. sa. 1882nA me mAsamAM bhAratane sthAnika svarAjyane adhikAra maje te prasaMge gujarAta vidyAsabhAe (gu. va. se.) "sthAnika svarAjya vize InAmI nibaMdha lakhAvelA temAM kezavalAlane nibaMdha sarvazreSTha jAhera thatAM rU. 200) nuM InAma temane maLyuM hatuM. e nibaMdha gu. vi. sa.

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2 zake ane thathakAra 5. 10 taraphathI pustakAkAre prakaTa paNa thayuM hatuM. 1893 mAM temaNe vidyAsabhAne bhajanavyavahAra tyAM beTIvyavahAra' nAme nibaMdha lakhI Ape, jemAM temaNe bhajanavyavahAra hoya tyAM kanyAvyavahAra karavAthI samAjanI abhivRddhi thAya che ema siddha karyuM che. 1907 mAM temaNe glIna bArlokRta "inDasTriyala InDiyA' nAmanA aMgrejI pustakanuM hindanI udyogasthiti" e nAme gujarAtI bhASAMtara paNa vidyAsabhAne karI ApyuM hatuM. A kRti temanI svadezI udyoganI khilavaNI mATenI dhagazanA purAvArUpa che. I. sa. 1892 nA jAnyuArimAM kezavalAle "prabhA" nAme mAsika kADheluM. tenA bIjA varSanA pAMca aMka zrI zaMkaralAla dvArakAMdAsa parIkha pAse jovA maLe che. temAM aMgreja saMsAranI kAdaMbarI" "rAjya-paddhati "sAtamI InDiyana nezanala koMgresa' "strIonI svataMtratA', dhArAsabhAnA baMdhAraNamAM pheraphAra" "sAMsArika sthitinuM avalokana' vagere lekhe temaNe lakhelA mAluma paDe che. e sAmayikamAM IMglaDa berisTara thavA gayelA (ane pachI tyAM ja varSo sudhI prIvI kAunsilamAM vakIlAta karIne 1946 mAM "kIMjha kAunsilanI paddhI jemaNe prApta karI hatI te) jeThAlAla parIkhanA patra--"IMglAMDamAM gayelA eka taruNanA patro,' e zIrSaka nIce chapAyA hatA. I. sa. 1907 mAM "svadezI udyogane saMdeza' gujarAtabharamAM phelAvavAnA hetue temaNe eka bIjuM mAsika zarU kareluM, temAM teo dezI kArIgarI, dezI udyoga, audyogika sAhasa, udyogI puruSonI nararatnAvalI, udyamabhavana, udyamasAhasano siddhAMtamALA vagere vize dezadAjhanI UMDI lAgaNIthI prerAyeluM upagI sAhitya mUkatA gayA che. saMsArasudhAro sva. kezavalAlanA jIvananuM mukhya lakSya hatuM. temanAM lakhANone paNa e ja mukhya sUra che. nAnapaNathI ja teo sudhAraka vicAratA hatA. amadAvAdanA bALalagnaniSedhaka maMDaLanI sthApanA tathA saMcAlanamAM sva. kezavalAlane agragaNya hisso hatA. sva. kezavalAla kRvanI sAthe e maMDaLanA teo maMtrI hatA. A maMDaLanA dareka sabhya pitAnA dIkarAne soLa varSa pahelAM nahi paraNAvavAnI ane varakanyAnA vaya vacce pAMca varSane taphAvata rAkhavAnI pratijJA levI paDatI. A maMDaLa pachIthI "gujarAta hiMdu saMsArasudhArA samAja' rUpe pheravAI gayuM. bALalagnaniSedha, strIkeLavaNI ane nAtavarA tathA varaDAnA kharca ghaTADavA aMge lekamata keLavavAne kAryakrama e maMDaLa taraphathI yojAte. tadanusAra

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thakA-caritAla sva. govardhanarAma tripAThInA pramukhapade kezavalAle bALalagna vize tA. 26 mI me 1888 nA roja bhASaNa ApyuM hatuM. svajJAtisudhAraNa arthe paNa temaNe aneka prayAso karyA hatA. pitAnA nAnAbhAI jeThAlAlane 1892 mAM vilAyata berisTara thavA mokalavAnI ane jJAtinA ekaDA bahAra kanyA ApavAnI pahela karIne khaDAyatA jJAtimAM sudhArAne jAte amala karIne temaNe anyane anusaravAne mArga khulle karI Apyo hato. kanyAone ucca keLavaNI ApavAnI ane kuTuMbanI prauDha strIone ghera zikSaNa ApavAnI goThavaNa paNa temaNe karI hatI. amadAvAda zaheranI aneka saMsthAo sAthe sva. kezavalAla saMkaLAyelA hatA. emanA jamAnAmAM amadAvAda myunisipAliTInA janAmAM jUnA sabhya tarIke teo mAna pAmyA hatA. 1885 thI 1907 sudhI teo myuni. pAliTInA upapramukha hatA. skUlakamiTinA adhyakSa tarIke paNa ghaNAM varSa sudhI temaNe kAma karyuM hatuM. zaheramAM pANInA naLa ane gaTara dAkhala karavAmAM kezavalAla rA. ba. raNachoDalAlanA jamaNA hAtharUpa hatA. gujarAta vaizya sabhA'nI sthApanA tathA tenA saMcAlanamAM paNa temane mukhya hisse hatA. uparAMta, gujarAta saMbhA, gujarAta sAhitya sabhA, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, prANIo upara ghAtakIpaNuM aTakAvanArI maMDaLI, je. ela. nyu iMgliza skUla ItyAdi saMsthAonA sakriya kAryavAhaka sabhya tarIke paNa temaNe - amadAvAda zaheranI noMdhapAtra sevA bajAvI hatI. dezanI unnati sAru svadezI udyoganI khilavaNInA sva. kezavalAla khAsa himAyatI hatA. amadAvAdamAM eka navIna udyoga dAkhala karavAnA uddezathI "amadAvAda meTala phekaTarI' nAmanuM eka kArakhAnuM sane 1893 mAM temaNe sthApyuM. emAM yaMtrathI tAMbApittaLanAM vAsaNa banatAM. 1897 sudhI kArakhAnAnuM kAma dhamadhokAra cAlyuM paNa 1898 mAM marakI phATI nIkaLI ane 1899 mAM duSkALa paDyo, tenI asara kArakhAnA para thaI. tAMbApittaLanA bhAva gagaDI jatAM kArakhAnuM baMdha karavAnI pharaja paDI. lagabhaga 1902 sudhI A sthiti rahI. daramyAna, kArakhAnuM prayogazALA banI gayuM. kaI dhAtune udyoga naphAkAraka che ene khaMtapUrvaka prayoga karyA pachI temaNe lokhaMDane udyoga khilavavAno prayatna karyo. sAthe sAthe "svadezI zALa kaMpanI' kADhI. paNa saMjogavazAta e kaMpanInuM kAma AgaLa cAlI zakayuM nahi. kaMpanI Ape te pahelAM to sAta ja divasanI tAvanI TUMkI bimArI bheLavIne kezavalAla tA. 26-12-1907 nA roja avasAna

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graMtha ane cAra pu. 10 atyaMta nabaLI hatI; chatAM milakatanI je kAMi vasUla karelAM nANAM pAmyA. mRtyu vakhate temanI Arthika sthiti vIlamAM temaNe evI sUcanA karI hatI ke peAtAnI Upaja Ave temAMthI kaMpanInA zaeNraheAlDA pAsethI kAMI paNa kha'nI rakama bAda ryo sivAya pAchAM bharapAI karI devAM. sva. kezavalAlanI sApha vyavahAranIti ane pramANikatAnuM A ucca dRSTAMta che. temanA vArasadAreAe emanI A aMtima icchA amalamAM mUkI hatI. 4 kRtinuM nAma 1. kAlaDAsa graha kRti prakAra ke prakAzana-sAla viSaya 1870 gaNitaukhANA (bI. A. 1889) 6. amadAvAdanI ArAgratA nATaka 4. buddhi ane rUDhinI rUpa'dhi 1883 . (vArtA) 5. sthAnika svarAja nibadha kA mAnya 192 2. hUMTiyuM. 7. kIDA-du:khada nATaka 1877 bALalagnaniSedha AAgya viSacakra patrikA . : 1893 1886 1 7. 'apakRtyazAsa' kArA 8. 'hisTreTa myunisipala eTa' 9. bhAjana vyavahAra samAja sAma tyAM tyA- vyavahAra 10. haM'nI udyoga- yoga 1907 sthiti 1998 59 prakAzaka 1893 yuniyana pri. presa, amadAvAda. 19 maulika ke mULanuM nAma bhASAMtara patrikA', amadAvAda ArcAya presa, amadAvAda yu. vi. sabhA, amadAvada. peAte 99 19 maulika 99 99 17 gu. vi. sabhA, maulika amadAvAda gu. vi. sabhA, aMgrejI Indstrial amadAvAda pathI India bhASAMtara A uparAMta temaNe vAmanaleAkamAM pravAsa' nAmanI agrejI 'culivasa TrAvelsa'nI Dhame kalpita vArtA lakhavA mAMDI hatI. tenAM cha prakaraNo

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mathakAra pitAvali * zA chapAyelAM che. jaradAsanI jAna' nAmanI aprakaTa vArtAnI jAherAta paNa jovAmAM Ave che. emanA bhatrIjA zrI zaMkaralAla dvArakAMdAsane uddezIne temaNe lakhelA cha bodhapatro vaizyasabhAnI patrikAmAM pragaTa thayA hatA. A sivAya rAmAyaNanuM bedhakatatva" tathA "AtmArAmanI saMsArayAtrA" nAmanA be adhUrA lekhe paNa jovA maLe che. phArbasa sAhebanI sahAyathI dalapatarAme bahAra pADela "gujarAta ane kAThiyAvADa dezanI vArtAo' nAmanA pustakamAM kezavalAle paNa keTalIka vArtAo lakhI che. A graMthamAM pharAmajI bamanajI nAmanA phArasI gRhastha aMgrejI Dhabe vArtAonuM saMjana karyuM che. emAM pratIta thatI zuddha gujarAtI bhASA ane lakhanAranI vidvattA ane rasikatAnuM kAraNa sva. DAhyAbhAI derAsarIe "sAThInA sAhityamAM ema kahIne batAvyuM che ke "emAMnI keTalIka vAta jANutA gujarAtI lakhanAra sva. kezavalAla motIlAla vakIlanI che." abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. julAI, 1920nA buddhiprakAza'mAM prakaTa thayelA zrI zaMkaralAla dvArakAdAsa parIkhane lekha, 2. gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTIne ItihAsa" vibhAga bIjo 3. DAhyAbhAI derAsarI kRta "sAThInA sAhityanuM digadarzana', 4. ma. na. dvivedI kRta 'sudana gavAvali' pR. 895, 910

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kezavalAla harirAma bhaTTa "kezavakRti'nA kartA tarIke jANItA sva. kezavalAla harirAmane janma vi. saM. 1907mAM temanA vatana morabImAM thayo hato. pitAnuM nAma harirAma vrajanAtha ane mAtAnuM nAma jhaverakuMvara hatuM. jJAtie praznorA nAgara. temanAM lagna saM. 1926mAM meMghIkuMvara vere thayAM hatAM. saM. 1947 mAM meMghIkuMvaranuM avasAna thatAM saM. 1945mAM teo pharI paraNyA. temanAM bIjAM patnInuM nAma maNikuMvara hatuM. te kezavalAlanA mRtyunA thoDA mAsa agAu gujarI gayAM hatAM. kezavalAlabhAIe AraMbhanAM agiyAra varSa morabImAM kevaLa bALaramatamAM ja pasAra karyA hatAM. saM. 1918 mAM teo temanA mosALa porabaMdaramAM AvyA. tyAMnA vikhyAta paMDita jayakRSNa vyAsa temanA mAmA thAya. ahIM temaNe saMskRtano abhyAsa zarU karyo. saM. 1924mAM teo mAmA zrI jayakRSNa vyAsa sAthe muMbaI gayA tyAre "zrImadda bhAgavata'nA abhyAsa sudhI pahoMcyA hatA. muMbaInA vizALa pradezanA avalokana ane janasaMsargathI kezavalAlabhAInAM buddhi ane hRdayane vikAsa thayo, eTale temanAmAM UMDuM manana ane nirIkSaNa karavAnI zakti khIlI. eka varSa muMbaImAM gALIne morabI AvyA tyAre temane gujarAtIne abhyAsa karavAnI IcchA thaI. saM. 1925 mAM 18 varSanI uMmare kezavalAla gujarAtI trIjA dhoraNamAM dAkhala thayA. svecchAe zarU karelA A abhyAsamAM kezavalAle "pitAnI buddhino kharo caLakATa" batAvyuM. cAra ja mAsamAM temaNe trIjA dhoraNathI mAMDIne ekAda be aMgrejI dhoraNa uparAMta TreniMga kaeNlejanA pravezaka sudhIno abhyAsa taiyAra karI lIdhe ! kezavalAlanI IcchA TreniMga kolejamAM javAnI hatI, paNa pitAnI nAmarajI hevAthI tema nahi karatAM temaNe merI mahAlanA eka gAmaDAmAM mahetAjInI 12 ke 13 rUpiyAnA mAsika daramAyAnI nokarI svIkArI, paNa tabiyata bagaDatAM eka mAsamAM ja te nokarI temane choDavI paDI. tabiyata sudharyA pachI sarakArI nekarI karavAno vicAra hameza mATe mAMDI vALIne kezavalAla punaH saMskRta bhASA-sAhityane abhyAsa zarU karyo. te vakhatamAM zIghra kavi tarIke jANItA zAstrI zaMkaralAla mAhezvaranA sahavAsathI be varSamAM ja kezavalAlanI kavitvazakti uttejAI. eTalAmAM mAtApitAnuM avasAna thatAM keI nizcita vyavasAya zedhavAmAM temane dhyAna parovavuM paDyuM. A arasAmAM muMbaImAM

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prathA-caritAvavibha temanA mAmA vaidarAja prabhurAma jIvanarAmanA hAtha nIce sthapAyelI dvedadharmAMsalA'mAM eka sArA pramANika mANasanI jarUra paDI. sa. 1929 mAM kezavalAlane mAmAe e jagyA para niyukta karyAM. kezavalAlane jIvanakArya maLI gayuM. yaza ke dhananI lAlasA vinA niHspRhapaNe jIvanabhara--eTale ke lagabhaga 23 varSa sudhI satata--kezavalAle vedhama sabhAnI unnati mATe ekadhAruM niSThApUrvaka kAma karyu. 80 " vi. saM. 1926 (I. sa. 1870)nA arasAmAM samagra pazcima bhAratamAM prAcIna saMskAranuM ucchedana karavA icchatA pAzcAtya sudhAre comera peAtAnuM vastra pADI rahyo hato. te vakhate keTalAka svadharma premI ane svadezahitaiSo sajjaneAe tene khALIne prAcIna A dhama ane saMskRtinA punarujjIvana sAru prayAse karyAM hatA te hakIkata suprasiddha che. A prayAseAmAM svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatIne 'A`samAja' sauthI vizeSa noMdhapAtra che. muMbaImAM 'A samAja'nI sthApanA thai te pahelAM gheADAka svadharmobhimAnI gRhasthAnA prayAsathI * vektazravaNu ' nAmanI eka sabhA sthapAi hatI. temAM dara ravivAre paMDita jayakRSNa jIvanarAma vyAsa vedAntanu pravacana karatA. sabhA taraphathI, A dharmonuM mahattva leAkAmAM pracalita thAya te hetue, 'hRdayacakSu' nAme mAsika patra nIkaLatuM hatuM. gheADA vakhata pachI sabhAne mUrtipUjA saMbaMdhe svAmI dhyAna sAthe matabheda paDayA. tethI tene maLatuM pASaNu aneka rIte ochuM thai gayuM. A vakhate kezavalAlabhAInA mAmA vaidyarAja prabhurAmanA udAra AzrayathI e sabhA TakI rahI, ane kAyama dekharekha rAkhIne sabhAnI pravRttione barAbara calAve tevA niSThAvAna maNusa tarIke kezavalAlanI pasaMdagI thaI. salAnuM nAma vedha sabhA' paDayu. ane tenuM mukhya patra 'Aryadharma prakAza' thayuM. kezavalAla AryadharmaprakAza'nA taMtrI thayA. vedhama ane vedha sabhAnA utkRSTa e kezavalAlabhAIe IzvaraprItya svIkAreluM kAma hatuM. 'AdhaprakAza'mAM temaNe vyavahAranA avalAkana ane AdhyAtmika ciMtananA paripAka rUpe aneka lekhA lakhyA hatA. te uparAMta 'zrImad bhAgavata', devI bhAgavata', bhagavad gItA', yeAgavAsiSTha, Adi sauMskRta dharmAMtra MthenA anuvAda pAte karIne Aya dhaprakAza' mAM hapte hapte chApatA hatA. zaMkarAcAya`praNIta 'capaTa5rikA' tathA ' maNiratnamALA' 'upara pAte gujarAtImAM TIkA karIne bannene

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1 ane graMthakAra : 10 temaNe "AryadharmaprakAza mAM prakaTa karyA hatAM. strIzikSaNa arthe "anasayAbhyadaya bhagavatIbhAgyodaya "sAvitrIcaritra' ane "caMdraprabhAcaritranAM bhASAMtaro paNa temaNe kyAM hatAM. A badhAM bhASAMtare pAchaLathI graMthAkAre pragaTa thayAnuM temanA caritrakAra sva. prabhAzaMkara paTTaNI kahe che, paraMtu temAnuM eke atyAre prApya nathI. Ama, vedadharmasabhA" tathA "AryadharmaprakAza dvArA kezavalAlabhAIe gujarAtI samAjane dharmazikSaNa ApavAnuM kArya niSThApUrvaka bajAvyuM hatuM. paraMtu temanI sauthI moTI sevA te gujarAtI samAjane uparyukta nimitte ApelI kavitA che. arvAcIna yuganI prathama peDhInA gujarAtI kaviomAM temanuM sthAna che. Izvarabhakti temanA vyaktitvane sauthI AgaLa paDatuM aMza che. tethI temanI kavitAne prANa paNa bhakti ja che. IzvaraparAyaNa daSTie jagatanuM bAhya temaja AdhyAtmika avalokana karIne temAMthI maLatA anubhava ghaNIvAra bodharUpe pitAne temaja potAnA manuSyabaMdhune uddezIne teo gAya che. kezavalAlabhAInAM kAvyo mukhyatve vairAgya, Izvarastuti, AdhyAtmika vicAra, vyavahArabodhaka ane strIono pagI ema pAMca vibhAgamAM vaheMcavAmAM AvyAM che. lagabhaga 500 pAnAMnA emanA daLadAra kAvyasaMgrahamAM kavihRdayanI AdratA, sahRdayatA ane uccagAmitA pratIta thayA vinA rahetI nathI. "dalapatarItinI saphAI tathA arthacAturya emanAM kAvyomAM sarvatra jovA maLe che." varNamAdhurya ane arthasaundaryane meLa temanI kavitAmAM anAyAse sadhAyelo jovA maLe che. sAdI ane taLapadI bhASAne upayoga kAvyane sacoTa ane sugrAhya banAve che. arvAcIna gujarAtI kavitAne suMdara padasvarUpanAM bhajane ApanAra bhoLAnAtha sArAbhAI, hari harSada dhruva Adi kavio sAthe kezavalAla harirAmanuM sthAna nizcita che. tio prakAra prakAzana sAva prakAzaka mauzike anuvAda kezavakRti prabhAzaMkara maulika (bIjI AvRtti) 4. paTTaNI abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. "kezavakRtino purAlekhaH sva. prabhAzaMkara paTTaNIlikhita kezavalAlanuM jIvanacaritra. (bIjI AvRtti) 2. "suMdarama' : "arvAcIna kavitA', pR. 69-70 1 juo zivakati : (bI. Ai.), purAlekha, 50 27 kAyasaMgraha 1979

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khuzAlarAya sArAbhAI amadAvAdanA vatanI ane jJAtie sAThedarA nAgara evA A lekhakanI janma tArIkha prApya nathI. amadAvAdamAM emanA vakhatamAM tAcha sthapAyelI gujarAta vidyAsabhA (e vakhatanI gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI) e te jamAnAmAM vidyAbaMdhanuM kArya eka tarapha jema zALAo sthApIne karyuM hatuM tema bIjI tarapha InAmo ApIne, pustaka racAvIne, sAhitya pratye lekaci keLavavAnuM kAma karyuM hatuM. vidyAsabhAnI bIjA prakAranI pravRttio aneka laeNkhakane pitAnA leka sudhAraNAnA vicAre pradarzita karavAnI taka ApI hatI. khuzAlarAya sArAbhAI emAMnA eka hatA. ra. sA. bhegIlAla prANavallabhadAsane teo guru tarIke mAnatA. sarveyara tarIke teo paMcamahAla jillAmAM nokarI karatA hatA. "DAkaNu" vize temaNe InAmI nibaMdha lakhyo hato. godharAnI DAkaNe prasiha hovAnuM manAya che. temaNe jAte pharIne tapAsa karIne godharA vizenI A mAnyatAnuM kAraNa zodhI kADhIne tenA khulAsA prastuta nibaMdhamAM ApyA che. vahemI lokasamAjamAM DAkaNa vize pracalita brAnti dUra karavAne temaNe sAre prayatna karyo che. pitAnA lekhana pAchaLane sudhArAne uddeza samajAvatAM khuzAlarAya kahe che ke, kAkaNapaNuM e paNa e vahemanI zAkhA che, evuM mArA zubhecchaka gue (rA. sA. bhogIlAlabhAIe) mane kaheluM, te vacana upara mane saMpUrNa AstA hatI; mATe meM hiMmata rAkhIne tapAsa karavA mAMDayo. tyAre to jUThuM cAlyuM che, ema mAluma paDavA mAMDayuM. tethI adhika zodha karavA mane hiMmata vadhI, ne zodha karatAM mArA gurue kaheluM te pramANe mArI khAtarI thaI, tyAre mArA manamAM ghaNI dayA utpanna thaI ke, arere ! bicArI niraaparAdhI ane mAthe nAdAna lokee prAcIna kALathI " ke aghaTita doSa lAgu karyo che, ne tethI temane tathA bIjA lekone keTaluM badhuM duHkha che? ne te du:kha dura karavA mArI zakti te pahoMcI nathI; paNa jevuM huM samajyo tevuM ghaNuM lekenA samajyAmAM Ave to, e vahema dhIre dhIre kamI thato jAya ne AgaLa Upara kaI vakhate paNa 1 ru, va. se. ItihAsa, vi. 1, pR. 63,

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thaze ane prakAra 5. 10 . e duHkha dUra thAya, ne mArA svadezine sudhAre thAya ema samajIne jevuM mane mAluma paDeluM tevuM A graMtha dvAre vidita karyuM che." kavi dalapatarAmanA bhUtanibaMdha' eTale A nibaMdha prakhyAta thaye nathI, chatAM gujarAtI hiMdu samAjamAMthI daMbhane vahemane pratIkAra : karanArA zarUAtanA sudhArAmAM A lekhakanuM nAma gaNanA pAme tevI enA lakhANanI guNavattA che. 1. DAkaNa vize nibaMdha nibaMdha 1854 rA. vi. sa. amadAvAda abhyAsa-sAmagrI gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTIne ItihAsa, vi. 1, pR. 6 - 63. 1 "DANa vize nibaMdha pU. 46

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gopALarAva hari dezamukha amadAvAdamAM bAra varSa rahIne gujarAta ane gujarAtI bhASAne pitAnAM karI lenAra A dakSiNa sajajanane janma sane 1823nA phebruArinI 18 mI tArIkhe thayo hato. teo pUnAnA cittapAvana brAhmaNa hatA. prAthamika abhyAsa pUro karIne 1841mAM teo aMgrejI zALAmAM dAkhala thayA. zALAmAM aMgrejInA uttama vidyArthI tarIke temane sArI nAmanA maLI hatI. I. sa. 1846mAM temaNe munasaphanI parIkSA pasAra karI. dakSiNanA saradAranA eja TanI ophisamAM sAmAnya kArakUnanA padethI teo potAnI buddhicAlAkIne baLe 185ramAM zirastedAranI paddhI pAmyA hatA. pachI teo samarI seTalamenTa ophisaranA hodA para nimAyelA. sane 1862mAM "InAma kamizana'mAM temaNe sarakAranI uttama sevA bajAvI hatI; paNa pUnA tathA dakSiNanA bIjA bhAganA InAmadAro-khAsa karIne brAhmaNotemanAthI asaMtuSTa thayA hatA. I. sa. 1863mAM temane sarakAre sivila sarvisamAM dAkhala karIne amadAvAdanA Asi. jajane hedo Apo. paNa te nimaNUMka sAme gorA sivilayanee virodha uThAvatAM temane muMbaInI spela kojha korTanA jajajanI jagyA maLI. 1867mAM teo amadAvAdanI spela kojha korTanA nyAyAdhIza tarIke AvyA ane tyAM lAMbe samaya rahyA. ekaMdara bAra varasanA amadAvAdanivAsa daramyAna gopALarAve sarakArI kAma karavA uparAMta zaheranI aneka saMskAra-pravRttiomAM rasa lIdhe hate. 187ramAM temane gu. va. se.nA onararI sekreTarI tarIke cUMTavAmAM AvyA hatA. uparAMta himAbhAI InsTiTyuTanA pramukha, zeThANI kanyAzALAnA sekreTarI, bALalagnaniSedhaka maMDaLInA pramukha, dezI udyamavardhaka maMDaLanA sthApaka, prArthanAsamAjanA upAdhyakSa, ne baMgALA dukALa ane amadAvAda rela rIlIpha phaMDa kamiTinA sekreTarI tarIke-ema vividha rIte temaNe suMdara samAjasevA bajAvI hatI. vidyAvRddhinuM kArya paNa gopALarAve eTalI ja UlaTathI bajAvyuM hatuM. temane prAcIna lekha ane sikkAone ghaNo zokha hato. tene aMge marAThI ane aMgrejI uparAMta phArasI, urdI ane gujarAtI bhASAone temaNe sAro paricaya keLavyo hato. gujarAtI bhASA teo mAtRbhASAnA

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jara graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 jeTalI saraLatAthI kheAlI zakatA hatA ema sva. narasiMharAvanA abhiprAya che. ' buddhiprakAza 'mAM temaNe gujarAtanA itihAsa, sAhitya ane saMskRti vagere viSayeA para puSkaLa lekheA lakhelA che, je emanI bahuzrutatAnA purAvArUpa che. ' IMduprakAza ' ane ' jJAnaprakAza ' nAme marAThI vRttapatro ane hitecchu ' nAmanA gujarAtI patrane temanI sArI oNtha hatI. * leAka * > ? . hitavAdI ' upanAmathI teo lakhatA. ' AgamaprakAza ' ane nigamaprakAza' nAmanAM e pustakA prathama temaNe gujarAtImAM lakhyAM hatAM, jenuM pAchaLathI temaNe marAThI bhASAMtara karyu` hatuM. aitihAsika gaSTi' e nAmathI temaNe mahArASTra tathA gujarAtanA itihAsane lagatAM e pustakA marAThImAM racyAM hatAM, jenI haLavI kathAtmaka zailI Aje paNa mAhitI sAthe rasa ane ramUja pIrase tevI che. geApALarAvatI vidyAprIti evI hatI ke ekavAra temaNe peAtAnA taraphathI 5000 pustakeAnI lahANI karI hatI. e kahetAH "eka vAra lAkAmAM vAcananI ruci utpanna kareA, eTale pachI te sArA ke narasA graMthAnI ka`mata samajaze. " Ama, vidyAvRddhi ane dezeAnnatinA hareka kAmamAM amadAvAdanA tatkAlIna agraNIonI sAthe rahIne geApALarAve noMdhapAtra kArya karyuM hatuM. sva. narasiMharAve temanuM smRticitra dvAratAM sAcuM ja kahyuM che. " te samayamAM amadAvAdanA nagarajIvana, samAjajIvana, ityAdimAM cetanAnuM asAdhAraNa baLa hatuM; e khaLane preranAra, vadhAranAra ma`DaLamAM agrasthAna geApALarAvanu hatu. ''1 dezI kArIgarIne uttejana ApavAnuM kAma paNa emane dhaNuM priya hatuM; amadAvAdathI temaNe vidAya lIdhI tyAre temanu smAraka phaMDa ekaThuM karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. dezI kArIgarI ke hunnarane uttejana ApavAmAM tenuM vyAja kharcAya te uddezathI gu. va. se.ne e phreMDa sAMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. sarakAre paNa temanA kAmanI kadara rAvabahAdura' ' saradAra ' ane ' jasTIsa oNpha pIsa'nA lakAmA ApIne karI hatI. marAThI sAhityamAM 'lAkahitavAdI ' pratiSThita sthAna pAmyA che. pUnAnI Dekkana varnAkayulara TrAnslezana seAsAyaTI 'e i. sa. 1923mAM temanI zatAbdI nimitte geApALarAvanA jIvana ane sAhitya vize. inAmI nibaMdha lakhAvIne prasiddha karyAM hatA. i. sa. 1892nA AkaTobaranI 9mI tArIkhe A nirabhimAnI leAkahitaiSI vidvAna tAvanI saheja bimArI bhogavIne avasAna pAmyA. : ' 1 'smaraNamukura' pU. para

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thacAra-saritAli kRtinu nAma 1. AgamaprakAza 2. nigamaprakArA 3.-4. aitihAsika marAThI gASTi bhAga 1-2 5. leA hitavAdIkRta nima dhasa graha bhASA viSaya prakAzanasAla gujarAtI tatra camala Adi 1874 vAmamArgonAM rahasyAnI samajUtI veda, sUtra, smRti,purANa 1874 i, para samajUtI itihAsanI 99 kRti 39 abhyAsa-sAmagrI ( gujarAtI ) 1800 vArtAe vividha sAmAjika ane 1886 dhArmika viSayA 1. mahAjama'DaLa; pR. 97-982. 2. gu. va. sA.nA itihAsa; vibhAga 1, pR. 237-24, 3. smaraNumukura, pR. 47--55. 4. ' buddhiprakAza' eprila 1877, pR. 81-93. (marAThI ) prakAzaka samazera bahAra presa-amadAvAda 39 nAzika vRtta nAzika " vRttavaibhava chApakhAnuM, ahamadanagara 5. leAkahitavAdI saradAra geApALarAva hari dezamukha; le. gaNeza hari keLakara. 6. leAkahitavAdIcI zatapatre; sa. zrIpAda rAmacadra Tikrekara.

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jhaverIlAla umiyAzaMkara yAjJika sva. jhaverIlAlabhAIne janma temanA vatana naDiyAdamAM vaDanagara nAgara brAhmaNa jJAtimAM I. sa. 1836 nA eprila mAsamAM thayo hate. temanA pitA umiyAzaMkara sarakArI nokarImAM svabuddhibaLathI kArakUnanI pAyarIthI mAmalatadAranI padavI sudhI pahoMcyA hatA. jhaverIlAle abhyAsanI zarUAta temanA mosALa amadAvAdamAM gAmaThI nizALamAM karI hatI. prAthamika zikSaNa tyAM pUruM karIne pachI teo amadAvAdanI aMgrejI zALAmAM dAkhala thayA, jyAM te vakhatanA suprasiddha - zikSaka bhogIlAla prANavallabhadAsanI pAse bhaNavAne temane lAbha maLe hate. sattara varSanI uMmare teo ucca abhyAsa sAru muMbaI gayA ane tyAM eliphansTana insTiTyuzanamAM dAkhala thayA. aMkagaNita, bIjagaNita, bhUmiti vagere viSaye temaNe agAuthI ja taiyAra karelA hovAthI temane kenTiDeTa kalAsamAM praveza maLyo. ahIM paNa abhyAsamAM temaNe evI suMdara zakti batAvI ke e saMsthAnI vesTa ane normala oNlarazIpa temane maLI. e vakhate temanA sahAdhyAyIomAM eN. rAmakRSNa gopALa bhAMDArakara, dAdAbhAI navarojajI ane bALa maMgeza vAgale jevI suprasiddha vyaktio hatI. I. sa. 1856mAM jhaverIlAlane elipha insTina mAM zikSakanI jagA maLI, paNa zikSakane dhaMdhe temane ruca nahi hovAthI muMbaInI grophikala sosAyaTInA sekreTarI ane "bombe TAImsa" patranA adhipati DokaTara byusaTa parane temanA zikSaka aradezara pharAmajI mUsanA bhalAmaNapatra dvArA tene tyAM teo cALIsa rUpiyAnA mAsika pagArathI kArakUna tarIke rahyA. eTalAmAM elipha InsTi0 mAM dezI bhASAomAMthI aMgrejIno tarajU karavAnuM zikSaNa barAbara apAtuM nathI ema sarakArane lAgavAthI e saMsthAmAM gujarAtI mAMthI aMgrejImAM tarajU karavAnuM zIkhavavA sAru jhaverIlAlabhAInI ane marAThI sAru DaoN. bhAMDArakaranI sarakAre nimaNuMka karI. pachI 1857mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTInI sthApanA thaI. tenI pahelI ja maeNTrikyulezana parIkSAmAM jhaverIlAla beThA ane temAM pAsa thayA. thoDe vakhata zikSakanI nokarI karyA pachI jhaverIlAle kApaDa tathA rUne vepAra karyo, temAM temane sArI kamANI thaI pachI saTTAmAM nukasAna paNa veThavuM paDayuM. pachI ghaNokharo vakhata temaNe judAM judAM dezI rAjyanA ejanTa tarIke muMbaImAM kAma karyuM hatuM.

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graMthakAra-zaritAvali e jamAnAmAM muMbaI zaheranA zerIpha tarIke, yunivarsiTInA phelo tarIke, muMbaI sarakAranI kAunsilanA sabhya tarIke ane mahesUlI khAtAnA niSNAta tarIke jhaverIlAlabhAIe dhapAtra lokasevA bajAvI hatI. sAhityakSetre temaNe "manusmRti' tathA "zAkuMtala'nA prathama pahelA gujarAtI anuvAda ApIne pitAne phALo noMdhAvyo che. manaHsukharAma tripAThI ane temanI saMskRtamaya zailInA jhaverIlAla virodhI hatA. temaNe kareluM "abhijJAna zAkuMtala'nuM bhASAMtara aneka bhUlavALuM hovA chatAM ekaMdare saraLa ane rasagrAhI che, tarajumAnI sAthe chaMdanI samajutI, rasAdiviSayaka TIkA ane agharA zabdonA artha joDIne temaNe sAmAnya vAcakane mATe bhASAMtarane upayogI banAvavAno hetu ThIka pAra pADyo che. paM. bhagavAnalAla IndrajI tathA te vakhate saMnyastAzramamAM rahelA bhAvanagaranA bAhoza divAna gaurIzaMkara udayazaMkara ojhAnAM jIvana-caritra temaNe aMgrejImAM lakhyAM che. temaNe emAM ApelI mAhitIne upaga pAchaLathI gaurIzaMkara ojhAnuM moTuM caritra lakhavAmAM thayo hato, eTaluM ja nahi, pite upayoga nahi karI zakela jIvanasAmagrIne vyavasthita karavAmAM temaNe emanA putrone paNa kImatI madada karI hatI. kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAzanasAla prakAzaka anuvAda ke maulika 1. abhijJAna zAkuMtala 1817 nAnAbhAI rustamajI saMskRtano anuvAda rANInAH yuniyana prasa, muMbaI 2. manusmRti 9. Gaorishanker : 1899 ejyukezana sesAyaTI maulika Udayashanker C. S. I. presa, muMbaI 4. Pandit Bhagawanlal ? Indraji uparAMta, nAnAbhAI rustamajI rANInA tathA aradezara pharAmajI mUse taiyAra karelA aMgrejI-gujarAtI dezanI bIjI AvRtti taiyAra karavAmAM temaNe madada karI hatI.. abhyAsa1. mahAjana-maMDaLa; pR. 970-972. 2. "satyavaktAnI gurjara agresara citrAvali, kramAMka 12 3. maraNamukara ( na. . dIveTiyA ); pR. 143-147 4. kAvyatatvavicAra' (A. bA, muva); 5. 16-177. ma je

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dalapatarAma DAhyAbhAI kavi - dalapatarAmane janma I. sa. 1820 nA jAnyuArinI 24mI tArIkhe temanA vatana vaDhavANa zaheramAM thayo hato. temanA pitAnuM nAma DAhyAbhAI ane mAtAnuM nAma amRtabA hatuM. dalapatarAmanI mULa aTaka trivedI; paNa jema kavinA dhaMdhAne kAraNe dalapatarAma "kavIzvara' kahevAyA hatA tema temanA pitA karmakAMDanA vyavasAyane lIdhe "DAhyA vediyA' tarIke vaDhavANamAM jANItA hatA. bALa dalapate bhaNavAnI zarUAta pitAnI yajJazALAmAM karI hatI. eka pATalA para chANa-mATI lIpIne DAhyAbhAIe mULAkSaro ketarI ApyA ane agnihotranA sAnnidhyamAM ja ATha varSanA dalapatarAme devanAgarI mULAkSara ne bArAkhaDI zIkhIne saMskRta zleka mukhe karI lIdhA. nava varSanI vaye dalapatarAmane mAvajI paMDayAnI dhULI nizALe mUkavAmAM AvyA. tyAM be aDhI varasanA gALAmAM "kakko kevaDiya ne khakhe. khArakiyo" jevI padyAtmaka zilImAM kakkA uparAMta AMka, palAkhAM ane kAgaLa lakhavAnI rIta zIkhyA. DAhyA vediyA'nA ghara sAmenA cokaThAmAM cAMdanI rAte zerInI dezIo reMTiyo kAMtatI besatI hatI. temanI AsapAsa zerInAM chokarAM vArtA sAMbhaLavA ekaThAM thatAM. emAM daseka varasane kizora dalapata paNa besate. vArtA uparAMta ekabIjAne varata-ukhANAM pUchavAne paNa rivAja hatuM. eka jaNa varata nAkheH "AvaDI zI daDI, divase vANI ne rAte jaDI!" ne eno tarata uttara maLeH "tArA". bIju kaI pUcheH "hAthI pATe bAMdhI Ape.' lAgale ja javAba maLeH "rAjA beThe khATe ne hAthI bAMdhyA pATe.' dalapatarAmane A ramatamAM bahu majA paDatI. koIne na AvaDe enA uttara e ApatA. eTaluM ja nahi, navAM ukhANuM jAte racIne paNa e pUchatA. bAra varasane dalapata ukhANuM parathI haDUlA jeDavA tarapha vaLe. e jamAnAmAM joDakaNAM joDavAnI ramata cAlatI dhaDamAthA vagaranI, paNa prAsavALI pAdapUti eTale haDUlA.4 dalapatarAme AvA kAvyagoLA eka pachI eka banAvIne pheMkavA mAMDyA. dA. ta. eNe jeDyuM ke 1 x kavizrI nhAnAlAla dalapatacaritamAM A haDUlAnI vyAkhyA "hahuDuDu geLAnI mAphaka chUTe eTale halA" ema bAMdhI che te keTalI yathArtha che!

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dhara; chAyAM eTalAM chAparAM ne mALyAM eTalAM ghara; bhojo bhagata to ema bhaNe je vAMDhA eTalA vara. pachI te emane prasaMga parathI prAsayukta racanA jeDI kADhavAnI jANe ke Teva paDI gaI! ekavAra dalapatarAmanAM patnI daLatAM hatAM. bahAra loka pANI khUMdatAM hatAM. sAme chApare kAgaDe beThe hato ne kavi pite mAMcI para beThA hatA. tenA parathI temaNe jeDI kADhayuM : sAga upara kAga beThe, rathe beThAM rANI; baMdA beThA mAMcIe ne duniyA DoLe pANI. Ama karatAM karatAM A ucharatA kavine zAmaLanI vArtAo vAMcavA maLI. tera varSanA dalapatarAma para zAmaLanI strI cAturyanI vArtAoe evA daDha saMskAra pADavA ke "hIrAdaMtI ane "kamaLalocanI' nAmanI be padyavArtAo temaNe deharA-copAImAM tatkALa racI kADhI. vaDhavANamAM hAnAbhAI nAmane vANIo dalapatarAmane potAnI dukAne bolAvIne temanI pAse vArtA kahevaDAvate tyAre dukAna AgaLa tAjanenuM TeLuM ekaThuM thatuM. paNa dalapatarAma zAmaLane cIle cAle te pahelAM temane sunIti ane sadAcAranAM amizra preraNujaLa pAnAra svAmInArAyaNane satsaMga thaI. gayo! sahajAnaMda-darzana e kadAca dalapata-jIvanane sauthI mahAna prasaMga gaNAya. jamaNavAra prasaMge mosALa gaDhaDAmAM AvelA dalapatarAmane sahajAnaMda svAmInAM pratyakSa darzana thayAM. caudeka varSanA e mugdha brAhmaNaputra upara svAmInI mUrti evo addabhuta prabhAva pADe che ke saM. 1890 nI vasaMta paMcamI upara "mAre svAmI paMthI thavuM nathI" evA nizcaya sAthe mAmAnI joDe mULI gayelA dalapatarAma svAmInArAyaNa paMthanI dIkSA laIne tyAMthI pAchA phare che! IzvaranA avatAranI AvazyakatA tathA prAcIna dharmazAstranI upayogitA paratve dalapatarAmanA mananuM samAdhAna karIne svAmI bhUmAnaMda temane gRhasthInA paMca vartamAnanI dIkSA ApI. bhUmAnaMda svAmIe dalapatarAmane dharma-dIkSA ApI te devAnaMda svAmIe temane kAvya-zikSA ApI hatI. Aja sudhI dalapatarAma mejane khAtara joDakaNa joDatA hatA. tenI pAchaLa UMDe abhyAsa ke gaMbhIra vicAraNuM nahatI. saM. 1890 ane 1897nA gALAmAM kakaDe kakaDe mULImAM rahIne temaNe svAmI devAnaMda pAse chaMdazAstra, alaMkArazAstra ane bhASAnA graMthone saMgIna abhyAsa karyo. e vakhate dezabharanI mukhya

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu0 10 sAhitya--bhASA vraja bhASA hatI. gujarAtImAM gheADAMka joDakaNAM ane kItanA lakhyA bAda dalapatarAmane vraja bhASAmAM kavitA lakhavAnA kADa jAgyA. gurukRpAthI temaja jAtamahenatane baLe temaNe ' jJAnacAturI ' ane kAvyacAturI ' nAmanA e gra MthA vraja bhASAmAM racyA hatA. svAmInArAyaNa paMthanA te vakhatanA AcAya zrI ayeAdhyAprasAdanI AjJAthI vIsa vaMnA juvAna dalapatarAme zrIjI mahArAjanI judI judI ceSTAo para vraja bhASAmAM camatkRtijanaka ghra kavitA paNa racI hatI. ' paNa haju dalapatarAmanI kavitAnI kharI parakha thaI nahotI. tenI kharI kasATI teA mULInA samaiyAmAM eka phUlajI gaDhavI urphe kusuma kavinI sAme temane soMpradAyavALA spardhAmAM utAre che tyAre thAya che. phUlajI kavine potAnI kavitvazakti vize abhimAna hatuM. eka vAra svAmInArAyaNanA madiramAM AvIne teNe kaTAkSa karyo ke satsaMga visUnA che. tenA javA:rUpe janmASTamInA samaiyAmAM AcAya ayeAdhyAprasAdanA adhyakSapade bharAyelI be hajAra sAdhuonI medanI vacce dalapatarAmane gaDhavInI sAme saMpradAyanA kavi tarIke UbhA karavAmAM AvyA. gaDhavIe dalapatarAmane abhyAsa, guru Adi vize pUchyA bAda prazna karyAM kaiM AcAryajInI kavitA karI che? dalapatarAme kahyuM: 'nA; zrIjI mahArAja vize karI che. ' tyAre, gaDhavIe AcAya. ayeAdhyAprasAda vize tatkALa chappA joDIne lalakAryAM : udadhi urjAkabhara amita, amita mati avadha udadhame, tiddhinidhi madhi jalataroMga, taraMga matitarga avadhameM; sindhu mahIM zIza meAtI, anu avadha khacana mukha, nadI saMgama nidhi mikSata, milata munimati ati karasukha; nava prabhuta banata navaratnasama ratna rahata jaladhi ja murtti; karajorI kusuma kavi yuM kahe, aSTama uddhi avadha ! tuM hI. chappA e vAra lalakArIne gaDhavIe aye dhyAprasAdane kahyuM : * bApa, tuM te AThamA dariyAva che. ' AkhI sabhA gaDhavInI kavitAthI prasanna thaI gaI. saune ema thayuM ke dalapatarAma AnI sAme zI rIte TakI zakaze ? dalapatarAme zAMtithI gaDhavIne pUchyuM: * A kriyA alaMkAra, gaDhavI ? ' gaDhavI karaDAkImAM melyA : yeA sAMbhaLeA, bhAI e. A kahe che ke huM 'bhASAbhUSaNa' zIkhyA chuM te ala'kAranuM te mane pUche che! e rUpakAla kAra rUpA. dalapatarAme kahyuM: ' gaDhavI, e rUpakAla'kAra na hoya, tyAre?' * e te vyAjastuti che. tame AcAyajIne AThamA dariyAva kahIne stutine ' * 48 ""

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graMthakA-pitAvali bahAne temanI niMdA karI che." gaDhavIne mijAja gayo. e tADUkyAH "zI rIte ?" uttaramAM dalapatarAme nIcenA cha pheMkeH . udadhi udaka ati kSAra sAta mati madhurI avadhameM, avadha sudhAmaya amala, samala vikha vasata udadhimeM; jaDa jaladhi jagavana, pavanavaza, pratita na lAyaka, avadhamati pratita dharata, sakalavidhi janasukhadAyaka. lahi aMjali udadhi agatya muni pAna karI pIMDa meM lahe; mati akala avadha ! dalapati tuMhI, ke kavi nidhi sama kahe ? AkhA chappAno artha samajAvIne dalapatarAme gaDhavIne ThAvakI rIte kahyuM gaDhavI, sAgara tamAre mana moTe. munione mana nahi. agatya muni aMjali bharI sAgara pI gayA hatA. paNa AcAryajInI buddhino koI tAga laI zake tema nathI. eTale ke kavi tene khArA khAbociyAnI upamA ApI zake?" gaDhavIne garva bharI sabhAmAM Utaryo ane te divasathI dalapatarAma saMpradAyamAM kavi tarIke svIkAra pAmyA. A vakhate temanI uMmara ekavIsa varSanI hatI.* dalapatarAmane vyApaka lokapriyatA apAvavAmAM phebsane hisso nedhapAtra che. phebsane gujarAtI bhASA-sAhityane abhyAsa karAve tevA zikSakanI jarUra hatI. saMvata 1904 nA navarAtramAM bheLAnAtha sArAbhAInI bhalAmaNathI bheLAnAthanI ja mAraphate temaNe dalapatarAmane vaDhavANathI teDAvyA. bhoLAnAthanI ciThThI vAMcIne dalapata vediyA caMdanI paDavAne divase manamAM aneka tarkavitarka karatA vaDhavANathI amadAvAda javA pagapALA nIkaLyA. A vakhate temanI sthiti sudAmA jevI hatI. pAse vATakharcA mATe eka pAI paNa nahotI. rastAmAM eka oLakhItA kanethI thoDAka AnA uchInA laIne, lIMbaDI dhoLakA-dhaMdhukA thaIne athaDAtA kUTAtA e amadAvAda AvyA ane ziSya bhoLAnAthane tyAM UtaryA. bhadranA killAmAM cAMdA sUrajanA mahelamAM phense rahetA hatA. jJAnapaMcamIne divase bheLAnAtha dalapatarAmane phemsanI mulAkAte lAvyA. phase dalapatarAmanuM premathI sanmAna karyuM. ziSTAcAra patyA bAda phorbsa cIpI cIpIne hindImAM kahyuM: "bhoLAnAthabhAI kahe che, tame kavitA sArI . * kavizrI nhAnAlAlaracita "kavIzvara dalapatarAmane AdhAre.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 kare che. kAMIka saMbhaLAvaze?' dalapatarAme tarata ja nAradajInA TIMpaLanI vAta kahI ane mugdha videzI gRhasthane rIjhavyA. pachI pha kavine nANavA mATe taiyAra karelI praznAvali pUchI. dalapatarAme tenA evA sarasa javAba Apyo ke phorse prasanna thaIne e ja vakhate temane "kavIzvara'nuM biruda ApyuM ane temane mAsika vIsa rUpiyAnA pagArathI pitAnI pAse rAkhyA. dalapatarAmanA-tema gujarAtI bhASA-sAhityanA-udayano e zubha divasa hato. dalapatarAme gujarAta-saurASTramAM pharI pharIne phorbsane mATe ItihAsa kathAo, lekha, hastaprato dastAvejo I ekaThAM karIne 'rAsamALA'nI racanAmAM sakriya madada karI hatI. vaLI dalapatarAmanI sahAyathI phebsa amadAvAdamAM gujarAta varnAkyura sosAyaTI (have gujarAta vidyA saMbhA)nI sthApanA karI hatI. phebsanI preraNAthI dalapatarAme gujarAtImAM lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM. I. sa. 1849nA jUna mAsamAM gu. va. se.e bhUta vize InAmI nibaMdhanI jAherAta karI. phense dalapatarAmane mahenata karIne nibaMdha taiyAra karavAnI salAha ApI. dalapatarAmanA nibaMdhane, harIphAImAM sarvazreSTha TharatAM, dehaso rUpiyAnuM inAma maLyuM. dalapatarAmane e pahele gadya lekha. I. sa. 1850mAM phebsanI sAthe dalapatarAma sUrata gayA. tyAM temaNe mi. karTisanA pramukhapade esa lAIbrerImAM "hunnarakhAnanI caDhAI' vize kavitAmAM bhASaNa ApyuM. "hunnarakhAnanI caDhAI' arvAcIna gujarAtanuM paheluM dezabhakitanuM kAvya che. navIna dezakALane jhIlIne gujarAtI kavitAne na vaLAMka ApavAnI zarUAta enAthI thaI che. mahIpatarAma ane durgArAmanI sAthe narmada e padya vyAkhyAna sAMbhaLavA gayo hato, paNa haju teNe kavitA lakhavAnI zarUAta karI nahotI. sUratanI prajA dalapatarAmanA vyAkhyAna para vArI gaI. tyAM ne tyAM pachI temaNe madyapAnaniSedhanuM 'jAdavAsthaLI' nAmanuM bhASaNa kavitAmAM karyuM, je Aje dArUbaMdhInA pracAra sAru kAma lAge tevuM che. sUratavAsIoe dalapatarAmane mAnapatra ApyuM. tenA javAbamAM temaNe "saMpalamI saMvAdagAI saMbhaLAvyo. Ama, gujarAtamAM kavi tarIke dalapatarAmanI pratiSThA baMdhAtI jatI hatI. phebsanI badalI gheghe thatAM dalapatarAma saurASTramAM gayA. tyAM bhAvanagaranA mahArAjA vajesaMgane kavie pitAnI kavitA-cAturIthI evA

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thakAra-saritAvAli prasanna karI dIdhA ke temaNe dalapatarAmane bhAvanagaranA rAja-kavi tarIke svIkArIne zAla-pAghane zirapAva Ape ane varSAsana bAMdhI ApyuM. bhAvanagarathI IDara ane sUratathI dAMtA sudhI pravAsa karIne dalapatarAme gujarAta-saurASTranI prajAne pitAnI saraLa, ThAvakI ne vinodI kAvyavANamAM sudhArAne, zikSaNane, dharmane, nItine, udyamane ane dezabhaktine bodha karyo. phense Apelo "kavIzvara'ne IlakAba janatAe vajalepa karIne kavine pitAnA hRdayamAM sthAna ApyuM. aneka rAjavIoe varSAsane tathA - zirapAva ApIne kavinuM bahumAna karyuM. I. sa. 1854nA mArca mahinAmAM phersa svadeza gayA tyAre dalapatarAmane sAdarAmAM revanyu khAtAmAM goThavatA gayA. vakhata jatAM dalapatarAma mAmalatadAra sudhI pahoMce evI A na karI hatI. nokarInI sthira Avaka ne zAMtimaya jIvana temane gamI gayAM. paNa temane mATe sarakArI karI nirmita nahotI. I. sa. 1855mAM gu. va. so.nuM nAva asthira hatuM. tenA maMtrI mi. kaTise dalapatarAmane sarakArI nokarI choDI daIne sosAyaTImAM joDAvA kaheNa mokalyuM. pahelAM te temaNe javAba Apyo ke dilamAM heta svadeza para, paNa tRSNa na jAya! sarakArI adhikAra te ema kema mUkAya? paNa temanA dilamAM maMthana cAlatuM hatuM. daramiyAnamAM mitra kaTise phensane kavi para dabANa karavA lakhyuM. phorbsa kavine cheka A matalabanuM lakhyuM : phikara tamArI AkhI uMmaranI huM dharIza, dhIraja te mATe tame aMtaramAM dhArajo. svadezanuM hita je sadA hRdaya dhare dinarAta, te A vacane vAMcIne kabula karajo vAta. tenI pitAnA para thayelI asara varNavatAM kavi kahe che ? vacane evAM vAMcIne nA kahI kema zakAya ? pAkuM baMdhana premanuM te nava teDyuM jAya. lakSmI ane adhikAranI tRSNA tajIne. Akhare dalapatarAme vidyAvRddhi athe sosAyaTInuM maMtrIpada svIkAryuM. temaNe "buddhiprakAza ane vyavasthita karyuM. pachI sosAyaTInA vidyAvRddhinA kArya aMge bhaMDoLa ekaThuM karavA kavi dhanika ane rAjAone maLavA lAgyA. kavitA vaDe temanuM manoraMjana karIne temaNe paramArtha kAje zrImaMte pAsethI sArI rakama ekaThI karI,

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N2 graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 gujarAta ane gujarAtI bhASAnA uddhAranI emane pachI te evI laganI lAgI ke rAta ane divasa teo e ja kAmamAM magna rahevA lAgyA. dalapatarAmanA A zubha prayAsathI sosAyaTInI sthiti cheDA vakhatamAM ja evI saddhara thaI gaI ke Aje paNa enuM kArya ekadhAruM suMdara cAlI rahyuM che. dalapatarAmane gujarAta upara bIje moTo upakAra te emaNe hepa vAcanamALA mATe kAvya racIne gujarAtanI betraNa peDhIone ramatAM ramatAM sAMskArika uchera sAdhyo te che. gaI peDhInAM vRddhajana Aje paNa hoMze hoMze dalapatarAmanAM mIThAM subodhaka padyavacane yAda karIne gAI saMbhaLAve che.. dalapatarAma zAMta, saraLa, vivedI, saumya prakRtinA sajana hatA. "saune sALo, saune sasaro che dvija dalapatarAma' kahevA jeTalI namratA ane sAtvikatA temanAmAM hatI. temanA aNIzuddha cAritrayanI asara temanA saMparkamAM AvanAra sau kaI para thayA vinA rahetI nahIM. teo prajAnuM hita haiye rAkhanAra svadezabhakta hatA, tema "jhera gayAM ne vera gayAM vaLI kALo kera gayA karanAra " gAnAra rAjabhakta paNa hatA. temanuM A valaNa TIkApAtra gaNAyuM che. paraMtu temane nyAya ApavA khAtara kahevuM paDaze ke temanAmAM AMdhaLI rAjabhakti nahotI. temanA "phArbasa vilAsa" kAvyamAM AgaLanAM rAja karatAM A rAjaya sAruM che, paNa keTalIka bAbatamAM temAM adhera che ema kahIne dezaLa gaDhavI nAmanA pAtra dvArA e pitAnA mananI vAta bedhaDaka kahe che? lAMcIyAnuM gayuM rAja teya nathI gaI lAMca; julamI rAjA gayA ne julama jAhera che. lAkaDAMnAM gADAM bhUla theDuM ApI luMTI le che; kera karanAruM rAjya jatAM kALo kera che. nirakhanuM nAma laI dAma nathI detA purA; luMTArA pIMDhArA jatAM lUMTa Thera Thera che. kahe dalapata dInAnAtha! teM A dezamAMthI ja AMdhaLo amala kADhaye tathApi adhera che. ATalI spaSTa bhASAmAM rAjaya-amalanI TIkA karanAra dalapatane mahArANI vikaTeriyAnA darabAramAM zAla-pAghane zirapAva maLe che, sI. AI. I. ne IlakAba maLe che ane sosAyaTInI trIsa-batrIsa varSa sudhI sevA karyA

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thathakAra-caritAvali bAda nivRtti letAM prajA taraphathI rUpiyA bAra hajAranI thelI bheTa maLe che te temanA rAjA ane prajA taraphanA ekasarakhA saniSTha saddabhAvanuM ja phaLa che. i. sa. 1898mAM kavi dalapatarAma akSaradhAma gayA tyAre temanA juvAna putra nehAnAlAle gujarAtI sAhityamAM praveza karIne pitAnA jIvanakAryane pitAnI rIte upADI laIne cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. aThThotera varSanA AyuSamAM chellA be dAyakA kavine AMkhe aMdhApa hato. chatAM temane lekhana-vyavasAya te cAluM hatuM ja. chellAM varasomAM temaNe vaDatAlamAM rahIne svAmInArAyaNanuM jIvanacaritra padyamAM utAravAnuM kAma karyuM hatuM. saMpradAyanA AcArya vihArIdAse ekaThI karelI sAmagrIne camatkArika prAsa ane chabaMdhamAM vahetI karanAra dalapatarAmanI prauDha padyazailI e daLadAra graMthane thoDoka bhAga vAMcanArane paNa pratIta thAya tema che. I. sa. 1890 ane 1897 nI vacamAM A mahAgraMtha racAyo hevAne saMbhava che. vaDatAlanA svAmInArAyaNa maMdira taraphathI A "harilIlAmRta' graMtha I. sa. 1907 mAM be bhAgamAM pragaTa thayo hato. saMpradAyanI rIta mujaba racanAra tarIke tenA para nAma AcArya zrI vihArIdAsajInuM - che ane dalapatarAmane AkhA graMthamAM koI sthaLe ullekha nathI. paNa saMpradAyanI paraMparA ane graMthanI aMdaranI padyaracanA Aje paNa dalapatarAmanA kartutvanA sabaLa purAvArUpe upalabdha che. . dalapatarAmanI kavitA jUnI paddhatinI gaNAI che. vraja bhASAnI kavitAnA parizIlanathI dalapatarAmane kAvyAdarza ghaDAyo hato, eTale bhASAnI jhaDajhamaka ane kathananI caturAI para temaNe vizeSa bhAra mUkyo hato. vaLI, nItizuddha (Puritan) vicArazreNI e dalapata-kAvyanuM bIjuM lakSaNa che. dharma, nIti, svadezaddhAra ane vyavahAra-cAturyanI ThAvakI vAta e temanI kavitAno pradhAna viSaya bane che. narmadanI mAphaka -balake narmadanA karatAM vizeSa saphaLatApUrvaka dalapatarAme sudhArA, zikSaNa ane pragatinI vAta kahI che. narmadanA karatAM dalapatarAmanuM samAjadarzana ne vivecana vividha ne saMgIna hatuM. paNa temanA svabhAvamAM Aveza karatAM ThAvakAI ane praNAlikA-bhaMjananA karatAM nIti ane sadAcAranI maryAdAmAM rahIne * AnA samarthanamAM zrI jehAMgIra era saMjAnAe potAnA studies in Gujarati Literature"nA trIjA vyAkhyAnamAM dalapatarAma vize ApelI guNagrAhaka dalIlo lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI che.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 5. 10 dhIme dhIme sudhArAne sAra samajAvavAnuM valaNa hatuM. tethI e junavANI gaNAyA ne narmadanI uddhatAI ane sAhasikatA prAgatikatAmAM khapI ! gArarasa dalapatarAmane vajaryuM hatuM te eTale sudhI ke UgatI vayamAM lakhelI zAmaLazailInI strI-caturAInI vAtane temaNe "satsaMga'mAM bhaLyA pachI bALI nAMkhI hatI. Ama, sabhAraMjanI caturAI ane bodhaparAyaNatAe dalapatarAmane temanA jamAnAmAM sarvopari prasiddhi apAvI che te ja . guNo sAhityanA itihAsamAM temanI upekSAnA nimittarUpa paNa banyA. - dalapatarAmanI kavitAne mATe guNa tenuM AkAra-sauSThava che. bhASAnI saphAI ane chaMdanI zuddhi temanA jeTalI bIjA koI kavimAM javalle ja jovA maLaze. piMgaLa ane alaMkArazAstra temane hastAmalakata hatAM. dalapatapiMgaLa' 1855mAM "buddhiprakAza'mAM pragaTa thayuM tyArathI Aja sudhI kAvyalekhana ane kAvyazAstrane abhyAsa IcachanAranI praveza-pothI banI rahela che.* chaMda ane prAsanI caturAIbharI ramata e dalapatarAmanI kavitAne bahu jANIte camatkAra che. temaNe cha uparAMta garabInA DhALamAM paNa sauthI vadhAre sugeya padyo racyAM che. lagnanAM dhoLa ane garabInI temanI racanAo khUba jokapriya nIvaDI hatI. (tenI TIkArUpe "garabIbhaTTa'nuM upanAma paNa temane maLyuM hatuM.) Ama, dalapatarAmanI kavitAnuM padya svarUpa-pachI te chaMdobaddha hoya ke dezI DhALamAM heya-hamezAM svaccha ane sughaDa AkRtivALuM rahyuM che. temanI moTA bhAganI kavitA bAhya prasaMga ke saMgane anulakSIne racAyelI hovAthI temAM samakAlIna jamAnAnuM pratibiba jhilAyuM che. "venacaritra' ane "hunnarakhAnanI caDhAI" tenAM uttama udAharaNo che. A bedhalakSI kavitA AjanA kAvyadhoraNe kalAtattva vinAnI lAge; paNa temAM zuSkatA nathI. kavie temAM janasvabhAvanuM UMDuM avalokana karIne mIThI ane marmALI kAvyabAnImAM vAcakanA hRdayane sparza karavAne kImiye akhatyAra karI batAvyuM. che. vIrano gAyaka narmada che te hAsyano dalapata che. vIramAM narmada jeTalI vividhatA ne rasavattA sAdhI zake nathI teTalI dalapata hAsyamAM sAdhI zakyo che te ene vipula kAvyaja bArIkIthI vAMcanArane samajAyA vagara nahi rahe. varNanAtmaka kAvyomAM narmadanA karatAM dalapata prasaMgacitra, pAtrAlekhana * Aja sudhImAM enI 91000 nakale khapI che.

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graMthakA-pitAvali ane kathanarIti para vizeSa siddhi dAkhavI zake che. bALakonA kavi tarIke paNa dalapatarAmanuM sthAna UMcuM che. nirdoSa, ThAvakuM hAsya ne saraLa ane prAsAdika zailI dalapatarAmane sahajasiddha hatI. bALakonI UghaDatI smaraNazaktine khIlave ane raMjana sAthe nirmaLa saMskAra-vitaraNa kare tevAM bAlabhogya kAvyo dalapatarAmanA jeTalI saMkhyAmAM bhAgye ja bIjA koI gujarAtI kavie ApyAM haze. temane ziSya- samudAya vizALa hato. ' temanI pachI paNa temanA ziSyae dalapatakavitAne tenI zailInA prayoga dvArA jIvatI rAkhavAnA prayatna karyA che. cheka gaI peDhI sudhInA gujarAtI kaviomAM jeNe dalapatazailInA prayogathI kAvya-racanAnI zarUAta na karI hoya e kaI maLa virala ja. kAna, maNilAla, narasiMharAva, bALAzaMkara, beTAdakara, khabaradAra, vageree kavitA lakhavAnA zrIgaNeza dalapatazailInA prayogathI mAMDayA hatA. gujarAtI kavitA- sAhityanA ItihAsanuM avalokana karanArane arvAcIna yugamAM lAMbAmAM lAMbA samayapaTa para dalapatazailInI asara vistarelI mAluma paDaze. Aje bhulAI gayela hovA chatAM gujarAtI kavitAnA kheDANamAM Ama aneka rIte dalapatarAmane phALo smaraNIya Thare che. dalapatarAme pharsa sivAya paNa aneka zrImaMte rAjavIo ane mitranI pharamAzathI kAvya lakhyAM hatAM. keTalAMka temaNe amuka gRhastha ke saMsthAo taraphathI bahAra paDelI InAmI jAherakhabarenA javAba rUpe lakhyAM hatAM, to keTalAMka amuka prasaMge tatkALa pharamAzathI racI kADhelAM hatAM.* A badhI racanAo badala temane je te vyakti ke saMsthA taraphathI puraskAra paNa maLyo hato. dalapatakAvya" bhA. 1-2 nA daLadAra graMthamAM A kUTakaLa racanAone saMgRhIta karelI che eTale ahIM darekane chUTo ullekha kare jarUrI nathI. venacaritra', "avaLAthAna', "phArbasavilAsa', "phArbasa viraha', "hunnarakhAnanI caDhAI', "zerasaTTAnI garabIo ', "vijayakSamA', "haMsakAvyazataka' temaja vAcanamALAmAMnI kavitA ne mAMgalika gItAvaLIne 'dalapatakAvya'mAM samAveza thayela che. * A badhI kRtio koNe keTalo puraskAra ApIne kyAre lakhAvI tenI yAdI kAzIzaMkara mu. davekRta 'dalapatarAma" (zrI sayAjI sAhityamALA) nA pR. 44 -47 para che ane 'dalapatakAvya" bhAga 1lA ne pR. 8-9 para paNa che. sthaLa-saMkacane lIdhe e cAdI ahIM utArI nathI.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 kRtio . kRtinuM nAma viSaya ke prakAzana- prakAzaka maulika, saMpAdana maLa bhASA, prakAra sAla ke anuvAda kartA ke kRtinuM nAma, 1. dalapatakAvya bhA.1 kavitA A0 1:1879 gujarAta maulika kAvya - A0 1885 vidyAsabhA, kRtiono A0 5: 1926 amadAvAda saMgraha 2. dalapatakAvya bhA.2 , , A 01:1885 gujarAta A04:1924 vidyAsabhA. amadAvAda 3. dalapata-pigaLa chaMda- A che; 1862 pote - - zAstra A0 9. thI 22- gujarAta - - 1893 thI 1922vidhAsa. amadAvAda 4. kAvya-dehana puLa kavitA 1860 muMbaI jUnI ane madhyakAlIna sarakAra gujarAtI kAvyakRtionA saMcayanuM saMpAdana 5. kAvya-dehana pu2 , 1863 , 6. zAmaLa-satasaI , A. 1922 gujarAta zAmaLanA 68 gre zemAMthI vidyAsabhA pasaMda karelA 700 nIti amadAvAda bedhaka dehAnuM saMpAdana. 7. kathana-saptazatI , 1852 , 700 nItivacanono saMgraha 8. lakSmI-nATaka nATaka 1951 , maulika 9. mithyAbhimAna , A. 18La , grIka nATaka parathI sUcita -nATaka A.191935 10. bhUta-nibaMdha nibaMdha 1849 maulika - 15. jJAti-nibaMdha , 1851 , 12. bALavivAha nibaMdha 1854 che - nibaMdha 13-14 harilIlAmRta padhAtmaka A01 1907)svAmInArAyaNa bhA. 1-2 caritra A02 1928; maMdira vaDatAla 1935 ?

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thathakAra-garitAvadha 57 abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. kavIzvara dalapatarAma: bhAga pahelA ane bIjo ( pUrvAdha-uttarA sahita): (nhAnA lAla dalapatarAma kavi.) 1. arvAcIna kavitA; pR04-19 ( suMdaram ) 3. Studies in Gujarati Literature, Lecture III, (J. E, Sanjana) 4. dalapatarAma (zrI sayAjI sAhityamALA; kAzIzAMkara mULazaMkara dave) 5. gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA, prakaraNa 17 muM. (vijayarAya ka. vaidya) 6. sAhitya-samIkSA: 'dalapatanI chabI' (vizvanAtha ma. bhaTTa) 7. vivecanA : ka. iM. DA.' (vi. 2. trivedI) 8, gujarAta varnAkyulara sesAiTIne itihAsa, vibhAga pahelA, prakaraNa 20; (hIrAlAla tribhuvanadAsa pArekha) 9, navalagraMthAvaliH 'ta'kavitAnI prastAvanA.' (tAraNa--sa'. narahira dvA. parIkha)

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durgArAma maMchArAma dave navIna zikSaNanA prakAzamAM gujarAta khAte sudhArA-pravRttinI pahela karanAra durgArAma mahetAjInA janma i. sa. 1809nA Dise`baranI 25 mI tArIkhe temanA vatana suratamAM thayeA hateA. temanA pitAnuM nAma machArAma ane mAtAnuM nAma nAnIgavarI hatuM. jJAtie vaDanagarA nAgara brAhmaNa. mArAma dave jakAta udharAvavAnA IrA dharAvatA hatA. ArTa varasanI uMmare durgArAma vIsA sudhInA aMka zIkhyA; pachI te eka peDhI para nAmuM zIkhavA rahyA. bAra varasanI vaye e ja peDhImAM mAmulI pagArathI durgArAma munIma tarIke rahyA. paNa temanA umaMgI ane sAhasika manane vANAtarImAM cena paDatuM nahi. jyAMthI maLe tyAMthI pustakA vAMcIne kizAra durgArAma peAtAnI jJAna-tRSA saMtASavAnA prayatna karatA hatA. mAtA nAkarI lIdhA pahelAM ekAda varase mRtyu pAmI hatI. mAsI revAku vara durgArAmanI saMbhALa rAkhatAM hatAM. cAreka varasa aNugamatI nokarInuM vaitaruM kheMcyA pachI te mAsIne laIne * muMbaI gayA. e ja varase pitA mRtyu pAmyA. mAsIe eka zAhukArane tyAM mUkelI thApaNa peDhI DUbatAM hUkhI tethI durgArAmane gujarAnanI muzkelI UbhI thai. muMbaImAM pUchaparacha karatAM temane khabara maLI ke sarakArI nizALamAM maphata bhaNAve che. mAsInA prAtsAhanathI durgArAme tyAM doDheka varasa rahIne . abhyAsa karyAM te gujarAtI nizALanA zikSakanI yeAgyatA meLavI. pachI e sUrata AvyA ane 1826nA sapTeMbaranI 13 mI tArIkhe hiraparAmAM nizALa kADhIne ' mahetAjI' thayA. 1831mAM temanAM lagna kuMdanagaurI sAthe thayAM. 1878mAM kuMdanagaurI mRtyuM pAmatAM mahetAjI vidhura thayA. 1840mAM sarakArI nizALAnA mahetAjIne muMbaI kheAlAvI parIkSA levAmAM AvI. durgArAma temAM zreSTha TharyAM. gaNitamAM pahele naMbare pAsa thaine temaNe sAtase rUpiyAnuM inAma lIdhuM. traNa cAra varasa elapADamAM badalI thai hatI te gALA bAda karatAM, cheka 1952 mAM temanI balI rAjakoTa thaI tyAM sudhI, badhe vakhata durgArAma suratamAM rahyA hatA. zikSaka tarIke durgArAma mahetAjI sUratamAM sArI pratiSThA pAmyA hatA. 'durgArAmanA kAi nizALiyA mukha`nahi ne prANazaMkaranA bhAgyahIna nahi ' evI kahevata suratamAM e vakhate pracalita hatI. vicakSaNa buddhinA durgArAma

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cakAra-paztiAvali navIna vijJAnanA siddhAMtAne mAnatA hatA. te khageALavidyA vidyAthI one kharAkhara samajaNu pADIne zIkhavatA tyAre prANaza kara vidyAthI one kahetAH sAheba parIkSA levA Ave te pUche tyAre kahevuM ke pRthvI gALa che te phare che, paNa te tame mAnA nahi, kemake pRthvI geALa hoya ne phare tA ApaNAM dhara paDI jAya. te paDatAM nathI mATe e vAta khoTI che.' durgArAmanuM nizALanA mahetAjInA karatAM vadhu mahattvanuM kAma samAjasudhArA ane dharmAvicAraNAnu` che. temaNe uccanIcanA bheda, pharajiyAta vaidhanya, bhUtapreta jAdumaMtara AdinA vahema, aMdhazraddhA ane mUrtipUjA jevI rUDhie ane mAnyatAo sAme petAnesUjhI tevI svataMtra buddhi-pramANita vicArazreNI pracalita karavAnA ThIka puruSArtha karyAM che. lAkaniMdAthI DaryA vinA, vidhura thayela durgArAme ' vicArava'ta gaMbhIra puruSA paNa tenA dalIla dAkhalAthI mAta thaI zakAmAM paDe' evI sama rIte sUratamAM TheraThera vidhavAvivAhanA krAntikAraka sudhArAnA pracAra karyAM hatA. tee jAte mathurI nAmanI DuMgarapurI vidhavAne paraNavA taiyAra thayA hatA; paNa keTalAka vicakSaNu nAgarAnA prayAsathI, temane eka jJAtijana temane peAtAnI kuMvArI kanyA ApavA AgaLa AvyA eTale durgArAme tene paraNIne vidhavAvivAhanA pracAra karavA hamezane mATe cheDI dIdhA, 1944nA navekharamAM mahetAjIe jAduma'tara upara AkramaNa karatu' copAniyuM pragaTa karIne bhUvAone jAdumAMtara sAcA TharAvavA AhvAna pheMkayuM hatuM. eka vajerAma nAmanA bhUvAe thADA vakhata damadATI ajamAvI joI, paNa chevaTe mahetAjInI jIta thaI. 1842mAM sUratamAM aMgrejI nizALa sthapAi. tenA mukhya zikSaka dAdAkhA pAMDuraMga joDe durgArAmane mitratA baMdhA. pAMca duddAnI TALIe muMbaithI zilAchApa yatra maMgAvIne suratamAM sauthI paheluM chApakhAnuM kADhayuM ane pustaka prasAraka maDaLa sthApI. tA. 22 jUna 1844nA rAja e ja maDaLIe mAnavadhama sabhA ' sthApI. e sabhA sthApavAnu` prayeAjana * ajJAnane lIdhe leAkAnI buddhi bagaDI gayelI hovAthI temane satya dhanu' svarUpa batAvavuM' evuM hatu. ' ahI'A mANasane jIvate te mekSa maLe che, te je kAi mUA pachI meAkSanI AzA batAve che tenA vAyadA upara bharAseA nathI ' ema kahIne durgArAma leAkAne mA. dha. sabhAmAM khelAvatA. durgArAma e sabhAnA daphataradAra hatA. dara zanivAre nANuAvaDhamAM navalazAnA kAThAmAM sabhA maLatI, temAM paDelAM durgArAma- pravacana karatA, te pachI savAlajavAba .

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thatha ane graMthakAra pu10 thatA. dareka sabhAnA kAryane hevAla durgArAma pitAnI rojanIzImAM TapakAvatA hatA. mA. dha. sabhAnA kArya vize te vakhate keTalAka ajJAnI hinduone evo saMdeha hato ke "e maMDaLIvALA lekone aMgrejane dharma vadhAravAne vicAra che." khristI dharmanI asarathI hindu dharmanAM chidra ughADAM thayAM hatAM, tethI durgArAmane svadharmane tyAga karavo nahote paNa tene sudhArA hatA. AthI ja bAmaNiyA dharamanI TIkA karanAra dAdabAnA daSTibindune Azcaryacakita zikSake samakSa samajAvatAM durgArAme kahyuM hatuM: "tame ema na samajazo ke koI bIjA abhimAnI dharamamAM javuM e mAruM mata che, paNa eTaluM te kharuM ke ApaNuM dharamanI sthiti badalavI joIe.'durgArAme A dharma-sudhAraNAnuM kArya koI paNa paraMparAne anusaryA vagara, svataMtra buddhie vicAra karIne karyuM hatuM. temaNe potAnA dharmane mAnava dharma kahyo che. "manuSya jAtinuM eka kuTuMba che,' "mANasa mAtra upara prIti rAkhe', "sarva dharmanA sAkSI thaI varte," "jJAtibheda jaThe che ane harAI mANasanuM pANI pIvAmAM ne rAMdheluM khAvAmAM vaTALa nathI tathA koIne aDakavAthI abhaDAtA nathI" e temanAM mukhya upadezavacane che. karmakAMDa, mUrtipUjA, avatAra ane jaDavAdanA teo kaTTara virodhI hatA. jIva, jagata ane brahma vizene temane tasiddhAMta ghaNe aMze zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitane anusare che. sane 185ramAM durgArAmanI badalI sUratathI rAjakoTa saba-DepyuTI ejayukezanala inspekaTara tarIke thaI eTale mAnava dharma sabhA vikherAI gaI. durgArAme saurASTramAM paNa zikSaNakArya uparAMta jJAna ane sudhArAno bodha ApIne khyAti meLavI hatI. cAra varSa pachI saurASTranA keLavaNI khAtAnA InspekaTara tarIke temanI nimaNUMka thaI. I. sa. 1860mAM teo sADIsADatrIsa rUpiyAnuM nivRtti-vetana laIne sUrata AvyA. nivRtti-kALa daramiyAna teo suratamAM nyAya kacerInA esesara tarIke, sudharAInA sabhya tarIkene aneka jhaghaDAomAM lavAda tarIke kAma karIne samAjasevA karatA hatA. vilAyata jaI AvelA mahIpatarAmane temaNe ghera jamavA teDAvyA hatA tene lIdhe temanA kuTuMbane bAra varasa nyAta bahAra rahevuM paDyuM hatuM, paNa tethI durgArAma hiMmata hAryA nahatA. vaLI prajAne avAja pUratA vajana sAthe sarakArane saMbhaLAvavA mATe temaNe "sUrata prajA samAja" nAmanI maMDaLInI sthApanA karAvI hatI. tenuM daphatara paNa durgArAma rAkhatA

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graMthakAra-bhavitAvali hatA. suratanA aThavADika patra "gujarAtamitra'mAM chellAM varSomAM teo niyamita lekha lakhatA hatA. narasiMharAve temane "rasikatAnA amIjharaNuM vinAnI zuSka bhUmimAnuM ghAsa caranAra prANIne AbhAsa utpanna karanAra tarIke varNavyA che. paNa durgArAma cheka zuSka nahotA. saMgItazAstrano temane ghaNo zaikha hate. 1876 mAM maMdavADa vadhe te pachI temaNe saMnyAsa grahaNa karyo ne traNeka divasamAM deha choDe hate. | durgArAmanI dRSTi pitAnA jamAnAthI keTalI AgaLa vadhelI ane krAntikArI hatI ane temanI buddhi e jamAnAnA vidvAna gaNAtA lekanA karatAM pa keTalI vicakSaNa hatI te temaNe karelI mA. 7. sabhAnA kAryanI noMdha parathI spaSTa samajAya che. rAjA-prajAne saMbaMdha kevo have joIe te vize durgArAma kahe che : "sAMbhaLe rAjAnuM rAjya prajAnA kalyANane arthe che. paNa tema na kare ne ulaTI prajAne pIDA kare, daridrI kare, eka dezanI prajA upara kRpA rAkhIne tene dhanavAna thavAne udyoga kare. ne bIjA dezanI prajAne nirdhana karavA Icche to, tevA rAjAnA sAmuM laDIne dharmabuddhinA cAlanAra rAjAne rAjya seMpavuM joIe. hamAruM bolavuM kevaLa aMgrejone ja vAte nathI, pRthvI uparanA sarva rAjAone vAste che.. ne je rAjA pote ja prajAne du:kha karavA Icche te prajAe potAnA hAthanuM baLa rAjAne batAvavuM ne paramezvaranI sahAyatA mAgavI."* | durgArAmanA A zabdothI mitavAdI mahIpatarAma AghAta anubhave che ane kahe che ke e bhASaNa I. sa. 1844 ne badale I. sa. 1878 mAM dAdubAe ane durgArAme karyuM hota to temane temanA jIvatarane bAkIne bhAga kALe pANIe caDI AndAmAna beTamAM kADha paData ! eka paraprAntIya zAstrI sAthe pote karelI carcAnI noMdha durgArAmanI buddhinI vicakSaNatAne suMdara dAkhala pUro pADe che: vaLI meM pUchyuM ke saMskRta ane prAkRta e bhASAmAM zuM zuM aMtara che ? uttara ke saMskRta bhASA sarva pRthvImAM pasiddha che ane svarga mRtyu pAtALamAM e eka ja che. meM kahyuM mRtyu lokamAM te zatAMza sthaLamAM paNa e bhASA nathI pachI svargamAM to keNa jANe, te sAMbhaLIne te vismaya thayo ane tenuM kAMIka abhimAna ochuM thayuM evuM mane lAgyuM"+ * juo "durgArAmacaritra" pR. 103. + ejana, 5. 26,

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graMtha ane paMthakAra 50 10 - I. sa. 1847 nA jAnyuArinI 27 mI tArIkhathI durgArAme pitAnI jAhera pravRttionI dainaMdinI noMdha levI zarU karI hatI. Ama karavA pAchaLa AtmanirIkSaNa karatAM paropakArane heta vizeSa hatuM ema temanA nIcenA khulAsA parathI samajAya che . Aja sudhI ghaNIekvAra mArA manamAM AvatuM hatuM ke je arthe A jagatamAM mAre udyoga jArI che, ane je je vicAra mArA manamAM uThelA che, ne uThaze te sarva lakhI rAkhavA joIe. jo ema nahi karuM te AgaLa je sRSTimAM loko thaze tene kaMI mArA vicArathI phaLa thaze nahi tathA havADAMnA kALanI binAne te jANaze nahi. e hetu jaNane popakAthe je kAMI thAya te sarva lakhI rAkhavuM joIe." mAnava dharma sabhAnA kAmakAjane ahevAla mahetAjI pitAnI rojanIzImAM utAratA hatA. A rIte temaNe 1852 sudhI mA. dha. sabhAnI pravRttinI kramabaddha oMdha karI hatI. paNa 'durbhAgye e dhanAM kAgaLiyAMne ghaNo bhAga mahetAjInI cauTAnI nizALa baLI temAM baLI gayA hatA. 1845 nA jAnyuArinI 1lI tArIkha sudhIne ahevAla mahetAjI pAse bae hato tene AdhAre mahIpatarAma rUparAma nIlakaMThe durgArAmacaritra' racIne 1893 mAM prasiddha karyuM hatuM. 168 pAnAMnA e pustakamAM mahIpatarAmanuM pitAnuM lakhANa bhAgye ja vIsa pAnAMthI vizeSa haze. emAM lagabhaga 148 pAnAM jeTaluM lakhANa mahetAjInuM pitAnuM ja che ane mahIpatarAme durgArAmanI neMdhane kazA pheraphAra vagara yathAtatha emAM utArI che eTale "durgArAmacaritra'ne mahIpatarAmaracita durgArAmanuM jIvanacaritra kahevA karatAM durgArAmanI AtmakathA tarIke oLakhAvIe te TuM nathI. padyakSetre AtmakathananI praNAlikA sthApanAra narmade gadyamAM paNa AtmakathananI pahela karI hatI e sAcuM che? alabatta pite gujarAtImAM navuM prasthAna kare che evA bhAva sAthe "mArI hakIkata' lakhIne narmade gujarAtI gadyamAM zuddha Atmakathanane prathama prayoga karyo e sAcuM; paNa etihAsika dRSTie joIe te ziSTa gujarAtI gadyanuM prathama kheDANa karavAnuM, temaja gujarAtImAM abhAnapaNe paNa pahelI AtmakathA lakhavAnuM mAna durgArAmane maLe che teo pite aMgrejI jANatA nahatA tema * "rgArAmacaritra, pR. 13.

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thathakAra-thApitAvali. sAhityakAra tarIke khyAti pAmyA nahatA, eTale sAhityakSetre kaI navI pahela karavAne IrAde temaNe A lakhANa karyuM nathI. tema chatAM, mahIpatarAme durgArAmacaritra'mAM utArele durgArAmane A AtmakathAtmaka ahevAla vAMcatAM emAM AtmakathAnI keTalIka uttama khAsiyata ane ziSTa gujarAtI gadyanI prAraMbha-keTInI keTalIka viziSTatAo najare paDayA vinA rahetI nathI. AtmakathA tarIke durgArAmanI. A rojanIzIne pahele guNa te temanI satyaniSThA che. durgArAma nIDara, nikhAlasa, pramANika ane sAcukalA puruSa hatA. temanA lakhANamAM nahi maLe atizayokti ke nahi maLe daMbha. pite karelI bhUlane, stutinidAnI paravA karyA vinA, teo rojanIzImAM nikhAlasapaNe nodhe che. tema karatAM pitAnI eba DhAMkavAne ke nabaLAino bacAva karavAne temaNe kaI sthaLe prayatna karyo nathI. vidhavAvivAhanA sudhArA aMge temaNe lIdhelA pAchA pagalAnI hakIkatane kevaLa hakIkata tarIke te taTasthabhAve rajU kare che. AmAM mA. i. sabhAnA tema ja svajIvananA ahevAlane durgArAma daDha satyaparAyaNatAnA guNane lIdhe pUrepUre pramANabhUta banAve che. durgArAme mA. dha. sabhAmAM ApelAM aThavADika vyAkhyAnene A zabdazaH ahevAla, ekaMdare, zAMta ane sAtvika prakRtinA chatAM uddAmavAdI vicArazreNI dharAvatA, durgArAmanI mAnasa mUrtine yathArtha uThAva Ape che. A adhUrA ahevAla parathI durgArAmanA bAhya jIvananI ghaNuM DI mAhitI maLe che. paNa temAM nedha pAmelI sudhAraka pravRttio ane carcAo durgArAmanA AMtarajIvanane eTale spaSTa paricaya karAve che ke tenI apUrNatAnI khoTa tarata varatAI AvatI nathI. kALakame narmada, dalapatarAma ke raNachoDalAla gIradharalAlanA karatAM durgArAmanuM gadya paheluM Ave che. eTaluM ja nahi, arvAcIna yugamAM ziSTa gujarAtI gadyanuM prathama paheluM kheDANa karIne tene sAhityika chaTA paNa sauthI pahelI durgArAme ja ApI gaNAya. kathana, varNana ane manana e traNa pikI pahelAM be tavALuM gadya prAcIna ke madhyakAlIna yugamAMthI jaDI Ave, paraMtu vicAra-nirUpaNa karIne nibaMdha-svarUpane janma ApanAruM gadya arvAcIna yugamAM zarU thayuM. enI temano samaya ane temanuM gajuM jotAM prazasya gaNAya tevI pahela durgArAme karelI che. durgArAmanI bhASA temanA vyaktitvanA jevI khaDabacaDI chatAM, saraLa, taLapadI ane pAradarzaka

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4 graMtha ane cAra pu0 10 prauDhivALI che.. ahevAlamAM temaNe saMvAdAtmaka tema ja patrAtmaka zailIneA sahajapaNe upayAga karelA che. dayArAma bhUkhaNanI mAna pAmelI peDhIvALA zeTha puruSAttamadAsa upara lakhelA sAta patrAmAM sadgurunAM lakSaNA, prabhubhaktinA mahimA ane tenI rIta, brahmAMDanI akhaMDa anaMtazakti vagere dhAmi'ka tema ja vidhavAvivAha, mRtyu samaye cAkA karavAnA rivAja ane te pachI reAvA-kUTavAnA rivAja vagere sAmAjika bAbate saMbaMdhI laMbAthI carcA karelI che. temAM mahetAjInu tattvaciMtana ane AtmajJAna varatAI Ave che. emAM naInI mAphaka TUMkAM paNa saceTa vAkayo dvArA peAtAnA vaktavyane sAmAnA mana para DhasAvavAnI durgArAmanI kuzaLatA paNa pratIta thAya che. udAharaNa tarIke temanA nIcenA udUMgArA jue : have abhimAnanuM udAharaNa tamane lakhI jaNAvuM cho. te e je prathama tA . mANase vanA abhimAna mAnI lIdhA che. te ema kahe ke hu' jAte brAhmaNa cho huM jAte kSatrI chauM, huM jAte musalamAna chau, huM khristI cho, huM jaina cho, huM zaiva cho, huM vaiSNava chau, evI rIte aneka jAtinAM tathA pa thanAM, tathA jJAtinA kulanAM abhimAna mANasAe mAnI lIdhelAM che."x . siddhAMtanirUpaNamAM prasaMgeApAtta ziSTatA ane gaurava dhAraNa karavA jatA A gadyanI bhASA abhyAsa karavA yeAgya che. emAM na`danA 'chau' zabdaprayAganu cho. 'rUpe darzana thAya che; ' je' ane 'OM ' ubhayAnvayI avyayeAnA vikalpe upayAga thAya che. vaLI, narasiMharAvabhAinA 'humate ' 'hamAr' 'hAvA' ' hevuM ' ' sake ' jevA prayAgA paNu durgArAmanA gadyamAM dhyAna kheMce che: navIna pragatisAdhaka vicArazreNI dvArA sudhArAnA kSetramAM gujarAtI prajAne durgArAme pA pA pagalI bharAvI hatI teA sAhityakSetre pahelI 'durgArAmacaritra' pR. 127 + enA samanamAM nIcenAM X avataraNA dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevAM cheH (1) "A uttama vartamAna saMpU karatI vakhate huM izvaranI prArthanA karUM chI... je dInAnAtha tame A vicArane sahAya Apo. amarakathI kaMI thaI zake hevuM nathI. jema ulecavA samudra ane TIMToDInA jeTaluM khaLa." (. ca. pR. 25). (2) " paNa hamane e rIta sArI lAgatI nathI. pachI huM prasanna thaine khelyA ke tame hAvI sArI vAta jANatA hase hevuM. huM ANatA nahAtA." (6. ca. pR. 28.)

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thayAra-thApitAvali rajanIzI lakhIne gujarAtI gadyane, upara joyuM tema, temaNe bhAMkhoDiyAM bharatuM karyuM ema kahI zakAya. durgArAme nivRttikALamAM lakheluM sAhitya saMdharAyuM nathI. paNa gujarAtI sAhityanA ItihAsamAM temanuM sthAna nizcita karavAmAM A eka ja viziSTa kRtix basa che. * abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. mahIpatarAmakRta "durgArAmacaritra" 2. "mahAjanamaMDala, pR. 1132-1138 3. "arvAcIna gujarAtanuM rekhAdarzana', vibhAga bIjo 4. "maraNamukara'(na. bha. dI.) 5. arvAcIna cintanAtmaka gadya', (vi. 2. trivedI) vyAkhyAna paheluM 6. " durgArAma mahetAjI" (umAzaMkara joSI); "saMskRti': mArca, 150 ane jUna, 1950 7. "gujarAtI AtmakathAsAhityanI rUparekhA' (dhIrubhAI ThAkara ):, "rekhA, ekabara 1947 8. ' durgArAma mahetAjI" (dalapatarAma): "buddhiprakAza', me, 1877 - x durgArAmacaritra" rUpe sacavAI rahelI A sAmagrI abhyAsIone Aje ekAda be janAM pustakAlaye sivAya anyatra jovA maLavI paNa muzkela che. eTale ahIM tene kaMIka vistArathI paricaya Apyo che. gujarAtanI kai sAhitya ke vidyottejaka saMsthA mahIpatarAmakRta karasanadAsa caritra" temaja A kRtine vahelI take punarmudrita karIne prakAzamAM lAve e jarUrI che.

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nRsiMhadAsa bhagavAnadAsa vibhAkara yauvanamati vibhAkarane janma temanA vatana jUnAgaDhamAM tA. 25-2-1888 nA roja thayuM hatuM. teo jJAtie soraThI vaNika hatA. prAthamika temaja mAdhyamika abhyAsa vatanamAM ja pUre karIne tyAMnI zALAmAMthI teo 1903 mAM pahele naMbare meTrika pAsa thayA ane bahAudina kaeNlejamAM dAkhala thayA. tyAMthI ekAda varSa bAda muMbaI jaIne seMTa jheviyarsa kolejamAMthI 1908 mAM teo bI. e. pAsa thayA ane 1910 mAM elaela. bI. thayA. 1911 mAM vibhAkara berisTara thavA vilAyata gayA. tyAM temaNe kAyadAnI sAthe arthazAstrane paNa abhyAsa karyo hato. 1913mAM vilAyatathI pAchA AvIne teo muMbaInI siDanahAma kolejamAM adhyApaka tarIke joDAyA. pachI ekAda varase temaNe vakIlAta zarU karI hatI. vibhAkara bI. e. mAM hatA tyArathI ja. teo dezanI rAjakIya pravRttimAM sakriya bhAga letA thayA hatA. I. sa. 1907mAM suratamAM kAMgresanuM atihAsika adhivezana bharAyuM te veLA temaNe TILaka mahArAja, araviMda cheSa, saradAra ajItasiMha ane khApaDe jevA krAntikArIonI paDakhe UbhA rahIne bAlAjIne Tekare gajAvI mUkyuM hatuM. hemarUla lIganI hIlacAlane gujarAtamAM vega ApavAmAM vibhAkara mokhare hatA. vibhAkaranA vyaktitva-vikAsamAM temanA vidyAguru kauzikarAma viznahararAma mahetA ane temanA vaDIla baMdhu DaoN. kAlidAsa vibhAkarane noMdhapAtra phALo hato. | gujarAtI raMgabhUmine sarvAgINa utkarSa sAdhava e vibhAkaranA jIvananI mukhya nema hatI. nATakazALAone vilAsa-sthAne gaNavAne badale jAhera zikSaNa-kendro tarIke pratiSThA apAvavAnI temanI abhilASA hatI. eTale sAhitya ane kalAnI daSTie gujarAtI raMgabhUmimAM sudhArA karavAnI himAyata temaNe jorazorathI zarU karI. I. sa. 1909 mAM rAjakoTa khAte bharAyelI trIjI sAhitya pariSadamAM temaNe "nUtana gujarAtane have kevA sAhityanI apekSA che?" e viSaya para chaTAdAra zailImAM nibaMdha vAMo hatA. temAM temaNe gujarAtI nATakasAhityanI daridratA ane gujarAtI raMgabhUminI adhogati vize kaDaka TIkA karI hatI. "sRSTilIlAnAM AbedUba citra, hRdayanA akRtrima bhAvano cittAkarSaka vilAsa tathA saMpattinI timAM, Apattino aMdhakAramAM ane bannenI mizra chAyAmAM athaDAtAM

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graMthakAra-paritA manuSyonI AzAo ane nirAzAo tathA emanAM adhaHpatana ane ugamananuM hadayahAraka Alekhana" gujarAtI nATakamAM jovA maLatAM nathI evI temaNe phariyAda karI hatI. TUMkamAM, gujarAtI nATakamAM sAhityika guNavattA ane takhtAlAyakI bannenA sumeLanI khoTa je Aja sudhI sAlI rahI che tene tarapha zrI vibhAkare sAhityakAranuM dhyAna kheMcyuM hatuM. nATaka ane raMgabhUminA utkarSanI javAbadArI binakeLavAyelA loko para choDavAne badale sAhityakAroe pote upADavI joIe ema temaNe e vakhate bhArapUrvaka kahyuM hatuM.. pachI e dizAmAM sakriya kArya karavA sAru vibhAkare gujarAtI raMgabhUminA kSetramAM praveza karyo. temaNe pite bhajavavA lAyaka nATaka lakhavA mAMDavAM. I. sa. 1912-13 nA arasAmAM temaNe "siddhArtha buddha' nAmanuM nATaka racyuM. 1914 nI AsapAsa muMbaInI Arya nATaka maMDaLIo te nATaka bhajavyuM hatuM. 1917 mAM te pustakAkAre pragaTa thayuM hatuM. sva. raNajitarAma mahetAe tene gujarAtI sAhityamAM AvakAra A hato.+ pachInAM cAra varSamAM vibhAkare navayuganI sAmAjika mahatvAkAMkSAo ane svadezabhAvanAne mUrta karatAM cAra nATako ApyAM. strIne adhikArane prazna carcatA "sneha-saritA ' nATake e vakhate muMbaInA saMskArI samAjane sArI peThe Akaryo hato. "vIsamI sadI', muMbaI samAcAra', "jAme jamazeda', "hiMdusthAna ', "samAlocaka' Adi sAmayikamAM enA vivecane prasiddha thayAM hatAM. vibhAkarane temaja tenA nATakane * mULa AryanIti nATaka maMDaLI nakubhAI zAha ane motIrAma becara calAvatA hatA. te banne TA paDatAM nakubhAIe Aryanaitika nATaka maMDaLI ane tIsama becare Arya nATaka maMDaLI kADhI hatI. + e nATaka vize temane A abhiprAya vibhAkaranI nATayaklAnuM yathArtha mUlyAMkana kare che: "buddhanA janma ane jIvanathI itihAsa ane adhyAtmanI lAgaNIo bhavya svarUpamAM prajvalita thavI joie tevI lekhakamAM thai nathI chatAM susaMskArI buddhi jevA bhAva anubhavI zake tenuM AmAM sacoTa ane hRdayasparzI Alekhana che. buddhanA mahAbhiniSkramaNa pachI karaNa sa e jAme che ke sahRdayo azubaddha thayA vinA rahetA nathI. zRMgAranI mastI nathI paNa maryAdAmAM rahete vizuddha AnaMdI marmALe sukhI zRMgAra che. pragADha hRdayamaMthana nathI, anehanA UMDA bhAva nathI, paNa je che te saMskAra ane rasathI evuM pUrNa che ke sacoTa chApa pADayA vinA rahetuM nathI." *

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graMtha ane thakAra pu. 10 "takhtA-prayoga karanAra muMbaI gujarAtI nATaka maMDaLIne enAthI sArI prasiddhi maLI. bAkInAM traNa te svarAjyanI bhAvanAne rajU karatuM nATaka "sudhAcaMdra', hemarUla lIganI caLavaLane anulakSatuM "madhubaMsarI' ane majurenI jAgRtine viSaya banAvatuM "meghamAlinI.' . A arasAmAM vibhAkara gujarAtI raMgabhUminA uttama adAkAra zrI, jayazaMkara (suMdarI), zrI. bApubhAI nAyaka ane zrI. mULacaMda (mAmA)nA saMparkamAM AvyA hatA. zrI jayazaMkara "muMbaI gujarAtI 'mAMthI chUTA thaIne 1922 mAM lakSmIkAMta nATaka samAjamAM joDAyA hatA. mULacaMda (mAmA) temAM digdarzaka tarIke nimAyA hatA. zrI jayazaMkarane vibhAkara mATe atula mAna ane anurAga. eTale navI nATaka kaMpanImAM joDAtAM ja temaNe saMkalpa karele ke vibhAkaranI ja kRti dvArA A navI raMgabhUmi uparathI zrotAgaNane vaMdana karavuM. pariNAme, vibhAkare zrI jayazaMkaranA pAtrane lakSamAM rAkhIne "abajonAM baMdhana' nAmanuM navuM nATaka lakhyuM. emAM mahAdevI lakSmInI maryAdAone nirdeza karIne " bhAratamuktinI bhAvanA samajAvelI che. tA. 2-12-22 nA roja vikaTeriyA thiyeTaramAM A noTaka bhajavAyuM hatuM. vibhAkaranAM A cha nATamAMthI pAMca nATaka kaMpanIne bhajavavA sAru ApI dIdhelAM eTale emAMthI eke prasiddha thaI zakela nahi. ethI Aje e nATake prApya nathI e durbhAgyanI vAta che. e kRtio aprAgatika dazAmAM sabaDatI gujarAtI raMgabhUmine navI cetanadAyI havAmAM / lAvI mUkavAnA tenA lekhakanA samartha prayatnarUpa hatI. navIna dezabhAvanAnA udayane e yuga hatuM. gujarAtI raMgabhUmi upara navIna pragatizIla vicArazreNavALAM nATake sauthI prathama vibhAkare ApyAM che ane e prakAranAM nATakone sauthI prathama bhajavavAnuM mAna muMbaI gujarAtI nATaka maMDaLIne maLe che ema kahIe te nathI. navIna viSayane nATakamAM vaNavA uparAMta, saMskArI bhASAmAM jesIlA saMvAdo racIne zrI vibhAkara dhArI asara upajAvI zakatA hatAM. raMgabhUminA uddhAranA utsAhamAM temaNe "raMgabhUmi' nAmanuM saimAsika saMvata 1979nA kArataka mahinAmAM kADhayuM hatuM. paNa kevaLa raMgabhUminA praznonI vicAraNuM ane takhtAlAyaka nATakane phAla ApavAne

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aMdhakA-pitA badale tenuM kSetra vyApaka banAvavA jatAM mULa uddeza sadhAyo nahi. eka varSa bAda e "navacetana' sAthe joDAIne lupta thaI gayuM. I. sa. 1909 thI 1904 nA gALAmAM vibhAkare sAhitya, samAja, arthazAstra ane rAjakAraNane lagatA haLavA temaja gaMbhIra lekhe muMbaInA judAM judAM samayikamAM lakhyA hatA. tene "Atmanivedana " nAme daLadAra saMgraha pAchaLathI temaNe prasiddha karyo hate. nRsiMha vibhAkaranuM vyaktitva ullAsa ane atithI taravaratuM hatuM. abhimAnanI hade pahoMce teTalI svagaurava ane svamAnanI vRtti temanAmAM hatI. AtmazlAghAnI gaMdha Ape eTale AtmavizvAsa temanAM bhASaNa ane lekhomAM pratIta thAya che. "mahattvAkAMkSA temanI rageragamAM rakta sAthe maLelI hatI.' sAhityaprema, rASTrabhAvanA ane raMgabhUminA utkarSanI jhaMkhanA. temanI pravRttinAM mukhya cAlaka baLa hatAM. vibhAkara sArA vaktA paNa hatA "bAyagrAnA dhodha jevI vegavaMta temanI vANI hatI. temanAM lakhANo temanA skUrtimaMta vyaktitvanI viziSTa chApa pADe tevI tejasvI zailIthI aMkita che. aneka ucca abhilASanuM uccAraNa karanAra A AzAspada lekhaka temane siddha karI batAve te pahelAM to-37 varSanI bharajuvAna vaye pAMDurogano bhoga banIne tA. 28-5-1925 nA roja A duniyA tachane cAlyo gayo. kRtio 197 pate 1924 kRtinuM nAma prakAra prakAzana prakAzaka sAla 1. siddhArtha buddha nATaka 2. Atmanivedana lekhasaMgraha 3. nipuNacaMdra * kavi nhAnAlAlanuM nIcenuM vAkaya saMbhAre: gujarAtI vaktatvakalAne jee ( %) putra maNizaMkara ratnajI bhaTTa ne bIjo putra siMha vibhAkara." ("ApaNAM sAkSararatna' bhA. 1, pR. 59), navalakathA

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nAma, 1916 1917 thatha ane thApa apragaTa nATaka rayA sAla bhajavyA bhajavanAra . tArIkha kaMpanI 1. sneha-saritA 1915 15 -9-15 muMbaI gujarAtI nATaka maMDaLI 2. sudhAcaMdra 5-8-'16. 3. madhubaMsarI 18-7-'17 4. medhamAlinI 1918 23-11-18 5. aonAM baMdhana 1922 , 2-12-22 lakSmIkAMta nATaka samAja abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. "AtmanivedananI prastAvanA (kau. vi. mahetA) 2. "navacetana ane raMgabhUmi, sapTembara 1925; "sva. vibhAkara : raMgabhUminI - daSTie" (vajataravALA manahara) ane adhipatinI nedha 3. "jaI ane ketakI" (vi. ka. vaidya)H "patrakAranuM nivedana : 4. ApaNuM sAkSararatna (nhAnAlAla kavi): bhAga 2, pR. 54

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prANazaMkara premazaMkara bhaTTa zrI prANazaMkara zAstrIne janma vi. saM. 1917 mAM temanA vatana jAmanagaramAM thayo hato. teo jJAtie praznorA nAgara hatA. ApaNuM prasiddha purAtattvavidda zrI durgAzaMkara zAstrI temanA bhANeja thAya. prANazaMkarabhAIe gujarAtI cha dhoraNo pUrAM karIne saMskRtane paddhatisara abhyAsa jAmanagaramAM kezavajI zAstrI pAse karyo hato. temanAmAM "saMskRta graMthane marma samajavAnI" "sArI zakti" hatI. tema chatAM temaNe lekhana-kArya gujarAtImAM ja karyuM che. temanA gujarAtI akSaro svaccha ane suvAca hatA. zrI durgAzaMkara zAstrI mAmAnA akSarono maraDa potAnA akSaromAM uMmara vadhatAM Utaryo hovAnuM pitAnA "akSarajIvananAM smaraNo'mAM nadhei che. prANazaMkarabhAI sattara-aDhAra varSanA hatA tyArathI temane padyaracanAne zokha lAgyo hato. temanA taruNa vayanA kAvyaprayoganA sAthI 'kAnta', prabhAzaMkara paTTaNI ane kavi durlabha zyAma dhruva vagere temanA jJAtibaMdhuo hatA. temanA kAvyasaMgraha "kAvyakusuma'mAM temanA A sAhitya -mitrAnI pAdapUrtio paNa saMgharAyelI che. A saMgrahamAM saMskRta suktakenA anuvAda ne te paddhatinAM gujarAtI muktake temaja bodhaka ne stutirU5 racanAone samAveza thAya che. emAMnAM keTalAMka kAvyo sArA saMskAravALAM ane prAsAdika che, je uparathI kartAmAM sArI kAvyapratibhAnAM bIja che" ema maNilAla nabhubhAIe tenuM avalokana karatAM abhiprAya A hatA. padyaracanAne zekha prANazaMkarabhAIe chevaTa lagI jALavI rAkhyA hatA. temaNe gadya paNa ThIka pramANamAM lakhyuM che. saMpa, brahmacarya ane brAhmaNavarganI unnati dvArA sAmAjika unnati e temanA bedhaka nibaMdhonA mukhya viSaye che. teo zrI jhaMDu bhaTTajInA saMsargamAM hatA. vaidyaka temanA abhyAsane priya viSaya hato. "vaidya kahapataru' ane "Ayurveda vijJAna'mAM teo vaidyaka vize chUTaka lekha lakhatA. vi. saM. 1974 mAM pa7 varSanI vaye temanuM avasAna thayuM hatuM.'

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graMtha ane thathakAra 5. 10 kRtio - kRtinuM nAma prakAra prakAzana-sAta prakAzaka bhASAMtara hoya te ke viSaya mULa kRtinuM nAma. 1. kAvyakusuma kAvyasaMgraha I. sa. 1894 pite 2. advaita-siddhi nibaMdha ? 3. brahmacaryane upadeza , ? 4. ApaNe udaya kema thAya ? , 1896 pa. vaidya-vidyAnuM tAtparya 1997 zaMkaraprasAda vi. karuNAzaMkara, jAmanagara 6. aSTAMgahRdaya vaidyakaviSayaka 1913 bhAvanagaranA mahArAjA saMskRtanuM graMtha * bhAvasiMhajI bhASAMtara abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. "eka sarasvatIbhaktanA akSarajIvananAM smaraNe" (6. ke. zAstrI) mAnasI," sabara, 1944; 5. 271273 2 sudarzana gadyAvali (ma. na. dvivedI): pU. 85, 949 975

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maganalAla narottamadAsa paTela "mahAjana-maMDaLa'nA kartA zrI maganalAla paTelane janma vi. saM. 1915 (sane 1859) nA phAgaNa mAsamAM mahIkAMThA jillAmAM AMbalIrA gAme thayo hato. temanA pitAnuM nAma narottamadAsa ane mAtAnuM nAma sakhabAI hatuM. jJAtie leuA pATIdAra. gAmaDA gAmamAM khetIne dhaMdhe karatI AjathI Azare 90 varasa pahelAMnI prajA keLavaNInA phAyadA che. kyAMthI samaje ? paNa 1868 mAM pahelavahelI sarakArI gujarAtI zALA temanA gAmamAM khUlI eTale kautukane khAtara AMbalI ArAnA kheDUtoe potAnAM bALakane nizALe bhaNavA mokalyAM hatAM. dasa varSanA maganalAla paNa e vakhate nizALe beThA hatA. i. sa. 1876 mAM gujarAtI chaThThA dhoraNanI parIkSA temaNe pasAra karI hatI. ethI vizeSa abhyAsanI gAmaDAmAM sagavaDa nahotI ane putrane zaheramAM bhaNavA mokalavA jeTalI maganalAlanA pitAnI zakti nahotI. tethI aMgrejI bhaNavAnI ghaNI hoMza hovA chatAM temane abhyAsa choDa paDe. temaNe gAmanI zALAmAM maeNniTara tarIke mAsika eka rUpiyAnA pagArathI nokarI zarU karI. A vakhatamAM temanA vidyAguru sadAzivarAva anaMtarAva ane temanA sahAdhyAyI pItAMbaradAsa zaMbhurAmanA saMsargathI maganalAlane vAcanane zaikha lAge. punaH temane aMgrejI bhaNavAnI IcchA jAgI ane pitAnI anumati meLavIne teo 1878 mAM amadAvAda AvIne aMgrejI zALAmAM dAkhala thayA. paNa thoDA ja vakhatamAM mAMdA paDatAM ghera pAchA AvavuM paDayuM. pharIthI teo sarakArI keLavaNI khAtAmAM zikSaka thayA. mahIkAMThA ane bAvIzI jillAnAM judAM judAM gAmomAM be varasa karI karyA bAda temaNe mAlapura darabAramAM kArakUnanI jagyA meLavI. A badho vakhata maganalAlanA manamAM aMgrejI bhaNavAnI laganI hatI ja. Akhare eka divasa e hetu bara ANavA mATe teo chAnAmAnA pUnA nyAsI gayA ane tyAM khUba kaSTa veThIne aMgrejIno kAma pUrate abhyAsa karyo. zrI maganalAlane mULathI ja mahApuruSonAM jIvanacaritra vAMcavAno zokha hato. pUnAthI muMbaI AvIne teo temanA mitra dolatacaMda puruSottamadAsa baraDIyAne tyAM rahyA hatA tyAM teo te vakhatanA lokaprasiddha karo 10

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 30 10 svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatI, 5. gaTTulAlajI, dAdAbhAI navareAjI vagerene rUbarU maLyA hatA ane temanAM vyAkhyAna sAMbhaLyAM hatAM. ga 1886 mAM mAlapura darabAranI nekarImAM teo pharI joDAyA. tyAMthI mahIkAMThAnA peAlITIkala ejanTanI mAraphata sAmerAmAM opiyama oNphisaranI sarakArI nAkarI maLI. tyAM e va nAkarI karI eTalAmAM eka amaladAra para lAMca levAnA AreApanA sukamAmAM temanI jubAnI sarakArI khAtAne pasaMda nahi paDatAM maganalAlane chUTA karavAmAM AvyA. pachI mAlapuramAM phAjadAra tarIke thoDA vakhata rahIne 1889 nA AgasTamAM te muMbai gayA ane tyAMnI jyubilI mIlamAM koTana kArakUna tarIke rahyA. A arasAmAM maganalAle lekhana-kAryAM zarU karyuM.'. 1889nA Disembara mahinAmAM kaeNgrisanu` pAMcamuM adhivezana muMbaImAM bharAyuM hatuM. te vakhate temaNe 'inDiyana nezanala kaeNoNMgresa' nAmanI eka nhAnI pustikA lakhIne bahAra pADI hatI. temAM kaoNMgresanA cAra varSanA TUMkA itihAsa ane te nAMhetu ne upayeAgitAnu' vArtArUpe bayAna karavAmAM Avyu hatuM. A pustikA leAkAne pasaMda paDatAM e ja vakhate tenI hajAro nakala khapI gaI ane maganalAlane paNa khyAti maLI. pachI temaNe muMbainI pArasI kAmanI sAMsArika sthitinI hiMdu samAjanA rivAja sAthe tulanA darzAvatI * saMsAracitra kA'kharI ' nAmanI vArtA lakhI, je temanA samayamAM ThIka vakhaNAI haze ema guja rAtanA keTalAka agragaNya sAkSarAnA temaNe TAMkelA abhiprAya parathI samajAya che. pachI temaNe ' muMbai zaheranuM vaNu na ' tathA ' khetIvADInAM mULatattvanI pAThamALA bhA. 1 ' lakhyAM hatAM. A uparAMta ' buddhiprakAza ', ' satyamitra ' vagere patramAM teo khetI, AreAgya Adi viSayA para chUTaka lekhA paNu lakhatA hatA. Ama, lekhanakAmAM AtmazraddhA utpanna thayA pachI maganalAle - mahAjana-maMDaLa 'nu' mahAbhArata kArya' 1892 mAM upADyuM. rAyala sAijhanA 1420 pAnAMnA A bRhad graMtha maganalAlanA puruSArthanA smArakarUpa che. A graMthamAM temaNe bhAratavarSoMnA prAcIna temaja arvAcIna yuganA nRpatio, rAjapuruSA, satA, dhama'pravA, pa'DitA, kavio, dezabhakto, dhamA~ciMtA, vaidya-dAtA, saMgItakArI temaja satIe, vIrAMganA ane viduSI vagerenA paricayA ApelA che. A lekhAnI lakhAvaTamAM kAi

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thakAra-caritAvali viziSTatA nathI. paNa tene aMge mAhitI meLavavA pAchaLa lekhake uThAvelo zrama prazasya che. Aje paNa e graMtha e jamAnAnA aneka lekhake ane prasiddha puruSo vize mAhitI pUrI pADanAra gujarAtI "Akara-graMthanI garaja sAre che. kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra prakArAna-zAla 1. inDiyana nezanala vArtA 1889 prakArAka keMgresa 2. saMsAracitra kAdaMbarI , 1891 3. muMbai zaheranuM varNana nibaMdha 4. khetIvADInAM mULatattva , 1892 nI pAThamALA bhA.1 5. mahAjanamaMDaLa caritra-lekho 1896 abhyAsa-sAmagrI mahAjana-maMDaLa', pR. 1296-1306

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maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedI - "abhedamArgapravAsI' maNilAlane janma vi. sa. 1914nA bhAdaravA vada cotha-I. sa. 1858 nA sapTembaranI 19mI tArIkhe prAtaHkALe naDiyAdamAM thayo hato. e naDiyAdanA sAThedarA nAgara brAhmaNa hatA. pitAnuM nAma nabhubhAI bhAIlAla dave ane mAtAnuM nAma niradhAra hatuM. sAta varSanI vaye temane upanayana-saMskAra thayA hatA. tera-cauda varSanI vaye temanAM lagna cAreka varSanI bALakI mahAlakSmI sAthe thayAM hatAM. Azare cAra varSanI uMmare maNilAle dayAzaMkara paMDyAnI gAmaThI nizALe bhaNataranI zarUAta karI. sAdhAraNa AMka ane vAcana sivAya gAmaThI nizALamAM teo jhAjhuM bhaNI zakyA nahi. dhIradhAra ane kriyAkAMDane dhaMdhe karanAra nabhubhAInI gaNatarI dIkarAne thoDuMka lakhatAM vAMcatAM AvaDe eTale koIne tyAM munIma tarIka cheDe vakhata rAkhIne pitAnA dhaMdhAmAM joDI devAnI hatI. eTale gujarAtI pAMca dhAraNuM pUrAM karIne aMgrejI nizALamAM dAkhala thavAnuM AvyuM, tyAre kizora maNilAlane pitA pAsethI abhyAsa AgaLa vadhAravAnI rajA mahAparANe-"raDI kakaLIne meLavavI paDI. aMgrejI bIjA dhoraNamAM jhaveralAla lalubhAI nAmanA zikSake maNilAlane abhyAsamAM rasa lagADe-jene pariNAme e bIjA dhoraNamAM pahele naMbare pAsa thayA. temane InAma maLyuM; temanA abhyAsathI khuza thaIne mukhya zikSake temane trIjuM dhoraNa kudAvIne cothAmAM mUkyA. AthI rAjI thavAne badale vidyAthI maNilAla nirAza thayA ! bIje divase varga-zikSaka dvArA mukhya zikSaka pAse jaIne temaNe vinaMtI karI: "mane utArI pADe." mukhya zikSake "tuM vicitra chokaro che' ema sAzcaya uddagAra kADhIne maNilAlane trIjA dhoraNamAM besavAnI rajA ApI. trIjAmAM abhyAsa sAre cAlyo, paNa cothA dhoraNanI aMdara saMskRta, gaNita ane bhUmiti para temane e kaMTALo upajavA lAgyo ke emAMthI koI viSayane samaya bharavAnuM mana thatuM nahi. bIjA viSayo sArA AvaDatA. eTale chaThThA dhoraNa sudhI vargamAM temane naMbara khAsa Utaryo nahi. chaThThA raNamAM vaLI temane hAtha jhAlanAra ' zikSaka chabIlarAma dolatarAma maLI gayA. saMskRta vyAkaraNanA niyame gokhavAne maNilAlane kaMTALe hate. te TALavA sAra chabIlArAma mAstara temane ravizaMkara zAstrI pAse "laghukaumudI' zIkhavA laI javA lAgyA.

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graMthakAra-paritAvala TUMkA sUtra rUpe saMskRta vyAkaraNa zIkhavAmAM temane rasa paDyo ne "jANe temanI ja madadathI bhUmitimAM paNa rasa paDayo!' meTrikamAM temane mukhya zikSaka derAbajI edalajI gImIe uttama mArgadarzana ApyuM hatuM. gImI sAhebanI sUcanAthI maNilAle ghaNuM aMgrejI pustaka hAIskUlanA abhyAsa kALamAM vAMcyAM hatAM. ToDakata "TuDanTasa gAIDa' e vakhate temanuM priya pAThyapustaka hatuM. e ane emanA sahAdhyAyI chaganalAla harilAla paMDayA I. sa. 1875 mAM meTrikanI parIkSAmAM beThA. temaNe zikSakanA AgrahathI meTrikamAM saMskRta achika viSaya lIdho hato. paraMtu, pAchaLathI dezavidezamAM saMskRtanA paMDita tarIke khyAti pAmanAra maNilAla ane "kAdaMbarI'nA samartha anuvAdaka chaganalAla paMDayA saMskRtanA ja viSayamAM nApAsa thavAthI, meTrikamAM pahele varSe niSphaLa gayA. pachIne varSe gImI sAheba badalAI gayA. vaLI temane be mAsa sakhata . mAMdagI AvI, paNa have temane abhyAsanI barAbara laganI lAgI hatI. laghukaumudI" ane "amarakoza' rAtre be vAge UThIne gokhIne temaNe pAkAM karyo. ane ema jAtamahenata karIne 1876 nI meTrikanI parIkSAmAM teo AkhI yunivarsiTImAM bIje naMbare pAsa thayA. te ja varSe yunivarsiTImAM zarU thayelI kahAnadAsa maMchArAma ziSyavRtti (mAsika vasa rUpiyAnI) temane maLyAnI sarakArI gejheTamAM jAherAta thaI : nabhubhAInI IcchA dIkarAne have AgaLa bhaNAvavAnI nahotI, paNa maNilAlanI muMbaInI eliphansTana kolejamAM dAkhala thavAnI utkaTa abhilASA hatI. ene mATe ziSyavRttinA lAbha AgaLa karIne mAMDa mAMDa pitAnI anumati meLavIne 1877 nA AraMbhamAM teo 18 varSanI vaye eliphansTana kolejamAM dAkhala thayA ane tenA chAtrAlayamAM rahevA lAgyA. samayapatraka banAvIne dararoja lagabhaga tera-cauda kalAka vAMcavAne niyama maNilAle kaeNlejanAM traNa varSa cIvaTapUrvaka pALyo hato. temanI abhyAsa-paddhati viziSTa hatI. teo koI paNa viSayane hastAmalakavata karyA vagara choDatA nahi. amuka viSayanuM jJAna keI eka pustakamAMthI yaMtravata gokhIne meLavavAne badale teo e viSayanAM ghaNAM pustaka vAMcIne te viSayanuM saMpUrNa jJAna meLavavAne Agraha hamezAM rAkhatA. AthI, anya vidyAthIo karatAM temane zrama ghaNe kare paDate, paNa badalAmAM UMDA ane saMgIna jJAnano lAbha maLatuM. bI. e. mAM buddhi ane tarkazakti

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graMtha ane graMthakAra : 10 khIlave tevA itihAsa ane rAjanItizAstra (Political Economy)ne temaNe aicchika viSaya tarIke pasaMda karyA hatA. e parIkSA mATe temaNe bhAre moTI taiyArI karI hatI. bI. e. mAM teo bIjA vargamAM pAsa thayA hatA, paNa AkhI parIkSAmAM temane naMbara bIjo hate. ItihAsa-rAjanItizAstramAM temane jemsa Telara pAritoSika maLyuM hatuM. Ama maNilAlanI koleja-kArakirdI tejasvI hatI. Do. bhAMDArakara ane pri. varDajhavarthanI uttama prIti ane zikSaNa paddhatine teo lAbha pAmyA hatA. pri. varDajhavarthanI kRpAthI teo bI. e. pAsa thayA pachI eNlphinsTana kaoNlejamAM mAnAI "phele' tarIke nimAyA hatA. "phela" tarIke temaNe pitAne aNagamatA viSaye " TrIgenomeTI " ane "yukilaDa' khUba mahenata laIne eka varSa zIkhavADIne kelejanA vidyArthIomAM uttama chApa pADI hatI. | game tyAM nokarI svIkArI levAnuM have anivArya hatuM. eTale pitAnI ghaNI IcchA hovA chatAM maNilAlathI ema. e. ne abhyAsa thaI zake tema nahotuM. paNa temanI abhyAsatRSA adamya hatI; ema. e. nI parIkSAmAM agharA gaNAtA viSe itihAsa ane philasUphI pUrepUrA pAka karI levAnA IrAde adhyApako pAsethI temaNe e viSayanA pAThyagraMthanI pUrI yAdI meLavI lIdhI ane pitAnA zekhanA viSayanuM UMDuM jJAna saMpAdana karIne saMtoSa lIdhe. * 1880 nA eprila sudhI temaNe phelo'nI kAmagIrI bajAvI. pachInA julAImAM naDiyAdanI hAIskUlamAM zikSaka tarIke rUpiyA sAThanA daramAyAthI teo joDAyA. tyAM temaNe thoDo vakhata kAma karyuM eTalAmAM 1881 nA eprilamAM temane muMbaInI sarakArI gujarAtI nizALanA DepyuTI ejyakezanala InspekaTaranI jagyA maLI. muMbaI-nivAsa daramyAna temaNe keLavaNI khAtAmAM niSThAvAna ane kAryadakSa adhikArI tarIke ane zikSita samAjamAM buddhizALI cintaka ane lekhaka tarIke, daDha chApa pADI hatI. 1885 nA jAnyuArimAM navI nIkaLelI bhAvanagaranI zAmaLadAsa kolejamAM saMskRtanA prophesara tarIke temanI nimaNuMka thatAM teo muMbaIthI bhAvanagara gayA. 1888 nA eprila sudhI tyAM temaNe uttama adhyApana-kArya karIne ke ane vidyAthIonI prIti saMpAdana karI hatI. pachI mAMdagIne kAraNe temane e nokarI choDavI paDI ane naDiyAdamAM pharajiyAta nivRtti svIkAravI paDI. pAchaLathI doDheka varSa (1893nA DisembarathI 1895nA jUna sudhI)

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graMthakAra-saritAvali vaDodarA rAjyanA bhASAMtara khAtAnA adhikArI tarIke temaNe kAma karyuM hatuM; bAkIne badhe vakhata maNilAle kaccha ane vaDodarA jevAM rAjyo, thiyesephikala sosAyaTI jevI saMsthAo ane keTalIka vyaktio dvArA soMpAyela graMtha temaja pitAnI yojanAnA graMtha taiyAra karavAmAM gALyo hate. 1898 nA okaTobaranI pahelI tArIkhe temanuM avasAna thayuM te paLa sudhI temaNe pitAnuM ISTa lekhanakArya choDayuM nahotuM. cALIsa varSamAM jIvana-lIlA saMkelI lenAra maNilAlanuM lekhanakArya vipula ane bahuvidha che. temane kavitA racavAno chaMda bALAzaMkare lagAvyo hato. dalapatarAma ane narmadAzaMkara e bemAM ke kavi moTo e A paMdara sattara varSanA kizoranI sAhitya-carcAne viSaya banate. maNilAle dalapatazailImAM kAvya lakhavAnI zarUAta karI hatI. 1875mAM temaNe "zikSAzataka' nAmane pitAnI AraMbhanI kRtiono saMgraha pragaTa karIne bALAzaMkarane arpaNa karyo hato. kaeNleja-kALa daramyAna bhASA ane chaMda upara temaNe sarasa hathoTI jamAvI lIdhI hatI. kavitA ane sAhityatava paratve temanA vicAro. mitromAM vivecakanA abhiprAya jeTalA vajanadAra lekhAtA. masta kavi bALAzaMkaranA saMsargo tema kevalAdvaitanA manane temane masta raMganI gajhala lakhavA preryA hatA. prema ane bhaktinA AtmalakSI anubhavo paNa temanAM amuka utkRSTa UrmikAvyonI pIThikA para rahelA che. temaNe be nATako lakhelAM che: " kAntA" ane "nRsiMhAvatAra." paheluM nATaka 1889nA sapTembaramAM muMbaImAM muMbaI gujarAtI nATaka maMDaLIe bhajavyuM hatuM. bIjuM te temaNe e maMDaLIne mATe ja 1897mAM lakhyuM hatuM, je temanA avasAna bAda 1890 mAM muMbaImAM bhajavAyuM hatuM. te adyApi apragaTa che. 1880 mAM temaNe saMskRta nATaka "mAlatI mAdhava'nuM ane 1882 mAM "uttararAmacarita'nuM bhASAMtara karyuM hatuM. "uttararAmacaritanA bhASAMtarane gujarAtI vivecakoe umaLakAbhera satkAyuM hatuM. te kavi nATakakAra ke vivecakanA karatAM dharma-tattva-ciMtaka tarIke maNilAla vizeSa jANItA che. temanuM kuTuMba nI paraMparAnA saMskAravALuM hatuM. temAM ucharelA maNilAla pitAnA AgrahathI ane zikSakanA upadezathI meTrika pAsa thayA tyAM lagI, trikAla saMdhyA karatA hatA. kolejamAM gayA pachI temane trikAla-saMdhyA choDavI paDI hatI. paNa keleja cheDayA bAda,

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graMtha ane kAra pu010 'kaeNlejamAM rahevAthI Avela nAstikapaNuM' dUra thatAM punaH sandhyAvandanAdi krama temaNe zarU karyAM hatA. kaoNleja cheADI te vakhate maNilAla pAzcAtya philasUphInI tulanAe prAcIna A dhama bhAvanAnA vicAra karIne emAMthI tathya tAravI kADhavAnI mathAmaNamAM paDayA hatA. sAthe sAthe jIvananA uddezanuM ciMtavana paNa cAlatuM hatu, te Akhare dhama ane prema e e lakSya upara AvIne sthira thayuM'. dhaNA mananane aMte dhama ane premanI ekatA temane pratIta thaI ane parama prema-arthAt vizALa jaga phvyApI prema e ja meAkSa evA niNaeNya levAtAM zAMkara vedAnta upara temanI zraddhA dRDha thaI. A advaitaniSThA maNilAlanI samagra vicArazreNInA pAyArUpa che. ka A advaitanA kImiyA vaDaeN temaNe jIvananI aneka visaMvAditAnu samAdhAna karI batAvyuM che. temanA pureAgAmI nade 'satazuddha' dharmanu jhAMkhuM' dana karAvavAnA prayatna karyo che. paNa tenA e prayatne mahAre te pahelAM te pAtAnuM adhUruM mUkeluM kA 28 vaSa~nA juvAna samAnadhamAM maNilAlane soMpIne tene cAlI nIkaLavuM paDayuM hatuM. dharmAMte kendramAM rAkhIne jIvananA khyAla karavAnuM sauthI prathama maNilAle ja gujarAtane zIkhavADayuM. dhanI bAbatamAM abhedAnubhavane ja te brahmasAkSAtkAra kahe che; gRhamAM abheda vagara sAcuM sukha ke zAMti maLe nahi; rAjayanuM e uttamAMga che ane sAhityanA sarjana mATe enAutkaTa ane vizALa anubhavanI anivArya AvazyakatA evuM emanu' sAmAnya pratipAdana che. vedAntanI paripATI upara hindu dharma tathA sAMskRtinA mukhya siddhAMtone tarkazuddha zailImAM samajAvIne anya dharmonI apekSAe svadharmAMnI utkRSTatA siddha karavAnA temaNe jiMdagIbhara puruSA karyA karyAM che. 'siddhAMtasAra' ane 'prANavinimaya' temanI A pravRttinAM uttama phaLa che. maNuilAlane mana svadharma'nI zreSThatA eTale abhedanI ja zreSThatA che, jene te prAcIna dharmabhAvanA kahe che. egaNIsamI sadInA chellA caraNamAM gujarAta khAte pazcimI saMskRtinA josabhera dhasArA thaI cUkayA hatA ane navIna zikSaNa pAmela juvAna va` svasaMskAranI upekSA karIne pAzcAtya raMge raMgAvAmAM kRtakRtyanA mAnatA hatA tyAre pazcimanI vyaktipradhAna saMskRti upara pUrvAMnI samaSTipradhAna sa skRtinI sarasAI sAbita karI batAvIne pUrva te pazcimanA saMskAronA gajagrAhanI e kaTokaTInI paLe

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thAkAra-zApitAvali temaNe gurjara prajAne svasaMsakAranuM rakSaNa karavAnuM uddabodhana karIne je sevA bajAvI che te gujarAtanA sAMskRtika ItihAsamAM sadAkALa saMbhArAze. - dharma-tatvanI carcA karatI vakhate temanI samakSa (1) sAmAnya gujarAtI prajAjane, (2) sudharelA gaNato zikSita samudAya ane (3) pazcimanI prajA ema traNa varganA loko hatA. AraMbhanAM pAMca varSa (1885-1890) priyaMvadA' dvArA ane pachInAM ATha "sudarzana' (1890-1898) dvArA temaNe pitAnA vicAro prathama be vargane pahoMcADayA hatA. tene aMge sudhAraka varganI sAthe vAdayuddhamAM paNa temane UtaravuM paDayuM hatuM. trIjA vargane mATe temaNe aMgrejImAM lekha lakhyA hatA. 1889nA mArgamAM temane "Monism or Advaitism?" nAmane aMgrejI graMtha prasiddha thayela hatuM. tenAthI temane yuropa-amerikAmAM sArI khyAti maLI hatI. e arasAmAM temane svIDananI AThamI oriyenTala kigrasaMgamAM hAjarI ApavAnuM nimaMtraNa maLyuM hatuM. pachI 1893 mAM zIkAgomAM bharAyela vizvadharma pariSadanI salAhakAraka samitimAM temanI nimaNUMka thaI hatI. e vakhate paNa temane zIkAgo AvavAnuM AgrahabharyuM nimaMtraNa maLyuM hatuM. paradezamAM svadharmane pracAra karavAnA AzayathI prerAIne maNilAle amerikA javA mATe prayatna paNa karyo hato. paraMtu Arthika taMgI ane nAdurasta tabiyatane kAraNe temanI mananI manamAM ja rahI gaI hatI. maNilAla prANavinimaya (mesmerism)nA prayoga karatA hatA. thiyesophikala sosAyaTInA teo agraNI sabhya hatA ane tenA gasAdhanAdi prayAgamAM pUrNa rasa dharAvatA hatA. teo aThaMga vedAntI hatA. tema chatAM mUrtipUjA, yajJayAga, bhakti vagerene adhikArakrama anusAra svIkAratA hatA. maNilAla zakuna vagerene temaja maMtrajaMtrane paNa nirarthaka gaNatA nahatA, eTale temane keTalAka sudhANyA "vahemI' kahetA. vaLI vidhavAnA punarlagna vize tema ja saMmati vayanA dhArA paratve sudhAraka varga sAthe temane gaMbhIra vivAda cAlyo hato. tema chatAM, "nArI pratiSThAmAM temaNe snehalagna ane strIzikSaNane Aja sudhArakenA karatAM paNuM ucca bhAvanAnI bhUmikA parathI samajAvyuM che. sudhArAnI mAphaka sAhityanA kSetramAM paNa vividha prazno paratve maNilAlane aneka vidvAne joDe vivAdamAM UtaravAnuM thayuM hatuM. temanI "gujarAtanA lekhako' vizenI lAMbI lekhamALA tenA aitihAsika purAvArUpa che. A prakAranA 11

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thatha ane thathakAra 5, 10 vivAdothI gujarAtI bhASA temaja prajAne saravALe phAyado thayo che. tenAthI gujarAtI bhASA sArI rIte kheDAvA pAmI. vastutaH zAstrIya carcA ane tattvavicAra sAru gujarAtI bhASAne maNilAle sauthI prathama paLeTI che ane pitAnI apUrva vivAdabuddhi vaDe bhASAnI dhAra kADhI kADhIne temaNe tene uttarottara tINa banAvI che. teo pitAne "yathArtha" pakSanA lekhaka gaNAve che te sUcaka che. saMskRta ane taLapadI, ziSTa ane utkaTa, gaMbhIra ane AvezavALI ema paraspara viruddha lAgatI bhASAzailIne addabhuta samanvaya sAdhIne teo tAkyuM tIra mArI zake che. temanI gadyazailImAM jaDatA, ekavidhatA ke nIrasatA kyAM ya jovA nahi maLe. tAjagI, svayaMskRti ane ejisanA guNo temAM kudaratI rIte ja pragaTa thAya che. gujarAtI bhASAne sauthI prathama sacetana ane sugrathita svarUpavALA saMkhyAbaMdha nibaMdha ApIne maNilAle Adarza nibaMdhasvarUpanA vidhAyaka tarIke gujarAtI sAhityanA ItihAsamAM amara sthAna prApta karyuM che. prAmANika matabhedane kAraNe maNilAlane aneka pratipakSIo hatA. temAM jiMdagIbhara sudarzana'nI sAme "jJAnasudhA'mAM dharma, samAja ane sAhityamAM vivAdanI paraMparA calAvanAra sva0 sara ramaNabhAI mukhya hatA. bIje naMbare haragoviMdadAsa kAMTAvALA Ave. kAnta ane narasiMharAva ramaNabhAInI prArthanAsamAjI vicArazreNInA TekedAra ane vedAntanA virodhI hatA. pAchaLathI-1895 mAM kAnta maNilAlane rUbarU maLyA tyArapachI temane matabheda pAtaLo paDI jaIne nahivata thaI gayo hata; eTaluM ja nahi, maNilAlane temaNe pitAnA guru tarIke paNa svIkAryA hatA. kalApIne gAdI maLI tyArathI chevaTa lagI temanA pUjya gurunuM sthAna maNilAla bhegavatA hatA. AnaMdazaMkara emane potAnA "jayeSTha vidyAbaMdhu' gaNatA. mAnazaMkara pI. mahetA ane pre. baLavaMtarAya ThAkara temanA ziSya hatA. pro. gajjara ane bALAzaMkara sAthe temane nikaTa matrI hatI. Ama maNilAlanA virodhI onuM tema ja mitro ziSya ne anuyAyIonuM jUtha moTuM hatuM. ' emanA jamAnAnA saMskRtanA prathama paMktinA vidvAna tarIke maNilAlane bhAratamAM temaja yuropa-amerikAmAM nAmanA maLI hatI. muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM saMskRtanA parIkSaka tarIke nimAnAra teo pahelA ja gujarAtI hatA. paMjAba yunivarsiTInI bI. e. tathA ema. e. nI parIkSAmAM paNa teo saMskRtanA parIkSaka tarIke varSo sudhI nimAyelA. pATaNanA jaina

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thathakAra-caritAvaha bhaMDArAnA graMthonI yAdI sauthI prathama temaNe taiyAra karI hatI. ane saMskRta graMthenAM bhASAMtara-saMpAdana karIne e kSetramAM paNa temaNe nadhipAtra phALe ADe hato. nivRttikALa daramyAna lekhana uparAMta naDiyAdamAM onararI mejisTreTa, myunisipAliTInI zALA-samitinA pramukha ane koMgresanA agragaNya kAryakartA tarIke temaNe jAhera sevAkArya paNa karyuM hatuM. TUMkuM AyuSa, lAMbI. gaMbhIra mAMdagI ane viparIta saMjoge vacce jIvanayuddha khelatAM khelatAM ATalI samRddha dezasevA karI janAra A sarasvatIbhaktanuM gujarAta sadAya RNI raheze. kRtio gujarAtI pate (1) maulika katinuM nAma prakAra prakAzanasAla prakArataka 1. zikSAzataka kavitA 1876 2. pUrvadarzana itihAsa 1882 3. kAntA nATaka 1882 4. nArI-pratiSThA nibaMdha 1885 5. premajIvana kavitA 1887 6, prANuvinimaya mahAnibaMdha 1888 7. siddhAMtasAra 1889 8. gujarAtanA brAhmaNe nibaMdha 1893 9. bALavilAsa nibaMdho 10. paramArgadarzana bA. vi.mAMthI tAravelA dharmaviSayaka pATha 11. Atmanimajajana badhAM kAvyone saMpUrNa saMgraha 185 2. nRsiMhAvatAra nATaka racAyuM 1897 apragaTa 13. sudarzana gadyAvalI nibaMdha 1909 hiMmatalAla cho. paMDayA, prANazaMkara ge. jozI (2) bhASAMtara- rUpAMtara - kuti , mULa bhASA prakAzana prakAzaka mULa kartA ke sAla 1. mAlatImAdhava saMskRta 1880 pote bhavabhUtiche. uttararAmaracita ' " 1882 - kRta nATaka

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thatha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 >> cesTaTanane putra prati - upadeza tathA saMkSipta suvAkya aMgrejI 1890 desAI haridAsa vihA, kelTana(gopALadAsa haridAsa rIdAsa tathA gepALa kRta desAI sAthe) haridAsa $ "lekena". 4. zrImad bhagavad gItA saMskRta 1894 pate vyAsakRta 'mahA(mUla, akSarArtha, vivecana bhAratamAMthI tathA rahasya sahita) 5. cAritra * aMgrejI 1895 , smAIlsakRta kerekaTara 6. paMcazatI aMgrejI 185 , svayojita ImiTezana opha zaMkara" 7. cetanazAstra aMgrejI 1896 jJAnamaMjUSA vividha gra vaDodarA 8, vAkapATava 1897 (2) kaccha rAjya "heTarIkasa 9. gulAbasiMha : 1897 pote viTanakRta jhenonI 10. zikSaNa ane svazikSaNa , 1897 (3) kaccha rAjya semyuala nIlakRta kalcara enDa sepha kacara" 11. nyAyazAstra-parAmarza khaMDa , 1897 gu. va. se. vividha graMtha amadAvAda 12. zrI vRtti prabhAkara hindI 1905 mAdhavalAla na. zrI nila dvivedI dAsa racita 13. catuHstrI saMskRta 1909 (3) , "brahmasUtronAM pahelAM cAra sUtra 14, vivAdatAMDava aMgrejI 1898 (2) lo kamiTI, vividha graMthe vaDodarA 15. hanumannATaka saMskRta 1910 (3) (3) vaDodarA rAjyanA Azraye taiyAra karelAM bhASAMtara-saMpAdano mULa bhASA taiyAra thayA sAla prakAzana-sAla 1. buddhisAgara saMskRta 1891 2 anubhava-pradIpikA 3. gerakSazataka 1890. 1892 4 bhojaprabaMdha 1890 1892 5. taparibhASA 1892 1892 6. vikramacaritra 7. zrutisArasamuddharaNa kAta

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ww' kAra-pitAvali 8. bI kacAzraya mahAkAvya saMrakRta 1993 9. badarzanasamuccaya 1891 1893 () 10. vastupAlacaritra 11. gabiMdu 12. caturvizatiprabaMdha 13. samAdhizataka 1891 1894 14. sArasaMgraha-1) 15. sArasaMgraha-2J 16. kumArapAlacarita 1899 17. anekAntavAdapraveza 18, paMcepAkhyAna jUnI gujarAtI (4) apragaTa anuvAdo maNilAle karelA nIcenA anuvAdanI hAthaprate amadAvAdanI gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA graMthAlayamAM jovA maLe che. 1. mahAvIracarti saMskRta 2. kIrti kaumudI 3. kuvalayavatI - 4. rAmagItA 5. mulAkAto aMgrejI (svAmI vivekAnaMdanI amerikAnI mulAkAto) (5) apUNa the caritraH 1. maNilAle gaurIzaMkara udayarAma ojhAnuM jIvanacaritra pAMca prakaraNa lakhIne choDI devuM te. bhASAMtara-pAdana 1. alaMkAra-cUDAmaNi 6. chAnuzAsana 2. jayotiSa karaMDa 7. naiSadhIya TIkA 3. vRttaratnAkaravRtti 8. ratnAkarAvatArikA 4. kAMgAratilaka 9. abhinaMdana kAvya pa. rasamaMjarI-TIkA 10. kAvyamayukha aMgrejI (1) maulika . tekha prakArAna-sAla prArA Suggestions for the revi. 1884 pote sion of Gujarati Reading Series

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 50 10 . neeve 16CK: cake. et Spectator": 'Advocate of India' Did 'Lucifer', (London) 2. Letters on Widow- remarriage 3. Avoitism Mopism or Advaitism? x. The Puranas ( Lecture read at the International Congress of Orientalists at Stockholm, 1890 ) Essays on Idol-worship, Samskaras etc. 1881 'Oriental * Department', New York. Cet Jainism and Brahmanism (A paper read before the Interpational Congress of Orientalists at Lon' don, 1891) The Advaita Philosophy of Shankara Hinduism 4. C. 1891 Oriental Journal, Vienna World's Parlia ment of Reiigions, Vol. I pote icey 4. The Necessity of Spiri- tual Culture 20. The Doctrine of Maya () Quiviax-'MITAS I 1. Raja-yoga 8. Tarka-Kaumudi .. 1885 pote 3. Yoga-Sutra 1cex X. 4. $. Mandukyopadisad Jivan-mukti-Viveka Samadhi-S'ataka Bombay Sanskrit Series. Tookaram Tatya, Theosophical Society, Bombay. Do ao , . Sbab Girdharlal Dayaldas, Bombay. d. Bombay Sanskrit Series. U. Imitation of Shapkara Syadvada-Mapjari (completed by Anandsbanker Dhruva ) 164 1633

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thAkAra-thApitAvali abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. " sva. maNilAla nabhubhAinI AtmakathA'; "vasaMta varSa ra9, aMka 4, 7; varSa 30, aMka 1, 8; varSa 31, aMka 1, 3. * 3. maNilAlacaritranI sAmagrI (aMbAlAla bA. purANuM) ; "kaumudI" (tramAsika) pu. 5, aMka 3; (mAsika) 50 2, 3, 4. 3. maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedInuM jIvanacaritra (aMbAlAla bA. purANuM); gujarAta vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda 4. maNilAla-yaMtI vyAkhyAna (AnaMdazaMkara bA chuva) : gurjara sAkSara naMtIo, bIjI AvRtti, pR. 180. 5. "sudarzananA Agha draSTA ane pravartaka "(AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva) : sAhitya vicAra', bIjI AvRtti, pR0 495. 6. maNilAla ane bAlAzaMkara (uttamalAla ke. trivedI) : "vasaMta' varSa 6, aMka 2. 7. "maraNamukura' (na. bha. dI.) 8. "maNilAla nabhubhAInI sAhityasevA' : " vasaMta' varSa 25, a0 6, 7. 9. "kalApInI patradhArA" : ma. na. dri. paranA patro. 10. "mahAjanamaMDaLa " ane "satyavaktAnI citrAvali'mAMnA paricaya-lekhe. 11. siddhAMtasAranuM avalokana' (kAna); (1920). 12. "arvAcIna cintanAtmaka gadya' (vi. 2. trivedI); vyAkhyAna chuM, 50 110. 13. "maNilAla dvivedInI kavitA"; "sAhitya-vihAra' (pre. anaMtarAya ma. rAvaLa), pR0 43. 14. "uttararAmacarita" ane "kAntA'; "uttararAmacarita" ane "gulAbasiMha nAM anukrame "navalagraMthAvalI', "mane mukara-1" tathA "keTalAMka vivecanomAM mUkelAM vivecane. 24. Studies in Gujarati Literature (J. E. Sanjana ) Lecture V. 16. "ApaNe dharma" (bI. A.)ne che. rA. vi. pAThake lakhelo upaghAta. 17 "maNilAlanI vicAradhArA" (gu. vi. sabhA), upodaghAta. 18. 'maNilAlanA traNa lekhe" (gu. vi. sabhA), upadhAta.

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maNizaMkara jaTAzaMkara kIkANI saurASTranI sAMskArika jAgRtinA A prasiddha pravakatA janma jUnAgaDhanI vaDanagarA nAgara brAhmaNa jJAtimAM 1822 nA okaTobaranI 22 mI tArIkhe thayA hatA. temanA pitAnuM nAma jaTAzaMkara naMdalAla ane mAtAnuM nAma caMdrakuvara hatuM. cauda varSanI vaye temanAM bIjI vAra lagna thayAM hatAM. temanAM patnInuM nAma narmadAdevI. bALapaNamAM ja mAbApate gumAvanAra maNizaMkara mAmAnI dekharekha nIce ucharyAM hatA. cha varSe temane jUnAgaDhanA ' adhyArU'nI gAmaThI nizALe besADavAmAM AvyA hatA. ekAda be varasamAM tyAM AMka, saravALA, '- ekAttarI ' tathA kAgaLa lakhavA jeTaluM bhASA-jJAna lIdhA pachI pitAnI majamuMdArInA bhAra upADavA sAru rAjakeTanA eka nAgara gRhastha karasanajI amarajI pAse temaja tyAMnI ' briTiza kAThI 'nA daphtaradAra pAse 1837 sudhI e kAmanI tAlIma laIne te aMgreja sarakAranA majamuMdAra tarIke kAThiyAvADa ejansI 'mAM dAkhala thayA hatA. 1840mAM jUnAgaDhanI gAdI saMbaMdhI takarAra UThatAM aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI kepTana jekabane lazkara laine jUnAgaDha mekalavAmAM AvyA hatA temanI sAthe aDhAra varSanA maNiza karane paNa javAnA hukama thayA hatA. te vakhate kunehathI takarAranuM samAdhAna karAvIne maNiza Mkare nAmanA meLavI hatI. ' ejansI ' mAM ASAdhyakSanA hai|ddA sudhI pahoMcIne 1874nA sapTembaranI 23mI tArIkhe te e pada parathI nivRtta thayA hatA. durgArAma mahetAjI gujarAtanA Adi sudhAraka hatA tA maNizaMkara kIkANI seraThanA pahelA sudhAraka hatA. jJAnapracAra ane samAjasudhAro temanI bahuvidha saMskAra-pravRttinAM mukhya agA hatAM. cauda varSanI UgatI vayamAM ja, potAnA lagna vakhate jJAtinA 'cAcariyA 'nA rivAjane hiMmatapUrNAMka tyAga karIne maNiza kare peAtAnI uddAma vicArakatA batAvI ApI hatI. 1854mAM temaNe jUnAgaDhamAM 'supathaprava`kama`DaLI' kADhI hatI. te maMDaLI dvArA, temaNe nAgara jJAtimAM 'zayyAdhIna varavadhUne hALIne divase bhIMjavavAnI ' rUDhi pracalita hatI tene ukheDI nAkhI hatI. e ma`DaLI pachI * saurASTra nAgara maMDaLI ' rUpe pheravAi jaine nAgara jJAtimAM maNizaMkaranI preraNAthI vyasananiSedha, keLavaNIprasAra ane sAcA bhrAhmaNadhama~nA AcArAne

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thA-pitAvali Agraha-eTalA sudhArA karI zakI hatI. maraNa pAmela vyaktinI pAchaLa AkhI nyAta jamADavAne badale bAvana brAhmaNa jamADavAnI rUDhi maNizaMkare pADI hatI tethI emane "maNizaMkara bAvaniyA'nuM upanAma leka taraphathI maLyuM hatuM. mahIpatarAmanA videzagamananA pagalAne temaNe Take A hate. Ama, aneka bAbatomAM gujarAtI sudhArakenI sAthe maNizaMkare kadama milAvyA hatA. narmada, karasanadAsa, navalarAma, bheLAnAtha sArAbhAI vagere temane saurASTranA agrima sudhAraka ane keLavaNIkAra tarIke mAna ApatA hatA. sUrata-muMbaInA sudhArakonI mAphaka temaNe "dezasudhArA" vize bhASaNa paNa ApyAM hatAM. tema chatAM temanA samakAlIna gujarAtI "sudhArAnA karatAM maNizaMkarane "sudhAro' judA tarI Ave che. gujarAtane sudhAro mukhyatve uchedaka hovAthI lekenI zaMkAne viSaya thaI paDyo hate. maNizaMkare pradhela sudhAre AraMbhathI ja saMrakSaka hato. lokazraddhAnI avagaNanA karyA vinA samAjasudhArAne upadeza karavAmAM teo mAnatA hatA. temaNe dharmanA pAyA para sudhArAnI mAMgaNI karI hatI. koI paNa rUDhi teDatAM pahelAM teo tenA uddezane dharma zAstranI kasoTIe kasI jatA hatA. maMtrajaMtra temaja vividha sAmAjika praNAlikAonI zAstrAdeza dvArA karoTI karavAno temaNe prayatna karyo hate. vedadharmane te pramANabhUta gaNatA hatA, paraMtu mUrtipUjAne niSedha temane mAnya nahe. Ane aMge temane svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatI sAthe patravyavahAra dvArA lAMbe vivAda thayo hato. tevI ja carcA bheLAnAtha sArAbhAI sAthe temane vidhavAvivAha vize thaI hatI. TUMkamAM, maNilAla nabhubhAInI . mAphaka maNizaMkaranI sudhAraka daSTi saMrakSaka ane dharmamUlaka hatI ema kahI zakAya. - navalarAma lakSmIrAma, bhogIlAla prANavallabhadAsa, prANalAla mathurAMdAsa ane haragoviMdadAsa kAMTAvALAnI paDakhe rahIne maNizaMkare saurASTramAM zikSaNa-prasAranuM kArya karyuM hatuM. dhArmika, mAnasika ane zArIrika ema traNe prakAranI keLavaNInI teo himAyata karatA. dharmajJAna arthe saMskRta, vyavahAra arthe gujarAtI ane unnati mATe aMgrejI bhASA-sAhityanA abhyAsanI jarUra teo batAvatA. amadAvAdamAM "buddhiprakAza'' rItasara cAlatuM thayuM te pachI thoDe vakhate-I. sa 1864 mAM-maNizaMkare jUnAgaDhamAM "jJAnagrAhaka sabhA'. 12

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thraza ane thathakAra 30-10 : ' sthApIne tenA taraphathI * saurASTra da` ' nAmanuM mAsika patra pragaTa karyuM. hatuM.harageAviMdadAsa kAMTAvALAsacAlita vijJAnavilAsa 'nI sthApanAmAM paNa temanA mukhya hissA hatA. daMtakathAo ne purANuvArtAo uparAMta dharma, tattvajJAna, samAjasudhArA, itihAsa, bhUMgALa, khagALazAstra, jyAtiSa, kAvyazAstra, bhASA ane vyAkaraNu ema vividha viSayo para lekhA lakhIne e be patro calAvavAmAM temaNe sakriya phALA ApyA hatA. 'buddhiprakAza ' tattvaprakAza,' ' kAThiyAvADa samAcAra,' amadAvAda samAcAra,' ' cAbUka vagere khIjAM sAmayikAmAM paNa teo avAranavAra lakhatA. itihAsa ane purAtattva temanA abhyAsanA khAsa viSayA hatA. nAgara jJAti, saurASTra prAnta temaja hindustAnanA itihAsa lakhavA mATenI sAdhana-sAmagrI temaNe pharIpharIne ekaThI karI hatI te te vize chUTaka lekhA paNu lakhyA hatA. saurASTranA itihAsa ' lakhavAmAM bhagavAnalAla chatrapatine maNizaMkare puSkaLa sAmagrI pUrI pADIne madada karI hatI. temaNe svadezaprIti ane svadezIvrata vize kAvyeA lakhyAM hatAM. uparAMta, dhama ane samAjasudhArAnI sAdI paNa yathA ane U'DI samaja Ape tevAM lakhANAnA dhamamALA' nAmanA eka gadyapadyAtmaka sa'graha temaNe taiyAra karyAM hatA. sudhArAnA upadezanA hetuthI racAyelI emanI kavitAmAM sarjakatA nahi jevI che; paNa padyaracanAnA niyamenuM te yathA pAlana kare che. sa'gItazAstrane temane sAre| abhyAsa hatA. eTale emanAM badhAM ja gItA tAlabaddha rAgamAM gAI zakAya evAM che. 1870 mAM ' vijJAnavilAsa 'mAM pragaTa thayela * mAnavI bhASA nAmanA lAMbA nibaMdhe maNizaMkarane 'pramANabhUta bhASAvid ' tarIke khyAti apAvI hatI. temaNe karelA ' kAThiyAvADI zabdonA saMgraha ' sAraDI taLapadI kheAlInA abhyAsamAM Aje paNa upayAgI Thare tema che. ' to Ama, sAhitya ane zikSaNuprasAranI vividha pravRttio dvArA saurASTranI saMskAra-sevA * bajAvIne maNizaMkara 1884nA navebaranI 10 mI tArIkhe avasAna pAmyA hatA. kRtinuM nAma 1. sUtaka nica 2. dha mALA kRtio prakAra ke viSaya niSa dha gadyapadyAtmaka lekhAnA sagraha ' prakAzana sAtha ? 1971 , " prakAzaka peAte vijayazaMkara maNirA kara majamudAra

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zathakA-pitAvali 3. gAyanAvali gItone saMgraha) 4. choTI bahenanI pAThA- gadyapadyAtmaka vali bhA-1 pAThAno saMgraha 5. , bhAra 6. bALakone nityapATha nhAnA, pAThe . 7. kAyika, vAcika, mAnasika pUjA 8. maNizaMkaranA lekhone saMgraha - ? vijayazaMkara maNi(saM. camanarAya zivazaMkara zaMkara majamudAra vaiSNava) A uparAMta temanA pacAsathI vadhu lekhe apragaTa sthitimAM che. abhyAsa-sAmathI 1. zrI jayasukharAma pu. joSIpurAkRta "maNizaMkara kIkANuM" . (zrI sayAjI sAhityamALA) 2. narmadata "dharmavicAra" 3. navalagraMthAvalI (tAraNa saM. narahari dvA. parIkha)

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veNIlAla chaganalAla bUca sva. veNIbhAI jAmanagaranA nAgara kuTuMbamAM Isa. 1899mAM jamyA hatA. prAthamika temaja mAdhyamika zikSaNa vatanamAM lIdhA pachI 1916 nA arasAmAM teo muMbaInI vilsana kelejamAM dAkhala thayA hatA. tyAMthI 1920nA arasAmAM teo rasAyaNazAstra viSaya laIne bI. e. pAsa thayA. barAbara e ja vakhate gAMdhIjIe dezamAM asahakAranI laData zarU karI hatI. svAmI AnaMdanA saMsargamAM AvatAM veNubhAIne paNa dezasevAnI laganI lAgI. temaNe tarata ja asahakAranI laDatamAM jhaMpalAvyuM. sevA ane svArpaNanA raMge temanuM jIvana raMgAvA lAgyuM. gAMdhIvAdI lekasevakane mATe pahelI zarata brahmacaryanI hatI. "svajanaviheNuM veNIbhAIe sAre ThekANe thayela sagapaNanuM eka mAtra jALuM teDI nAkhIne samasta dezane svajana banAvI nirvyAja sevAkArya svIkAryuM. teo AjIvana brahmacArI rahyA. ochAmAM ochuM vetana laIne vadhumAM vadhu kAma ApavAnI temanI bhAvanA hatI. AthI temanuM jIvana "aNIzuddha aparigrahI " rahyuM hatuM. 1920-21 nAM varSomAM "navajIvana' saMsthAnAM maMDANa thatAM hatAM te vakhate svAmI AnaMde muMbaI yunivarsiTInA A bhAvanAzALI grejyueTane patra prakAzananI tAlIma ApIne 'navajIvana'nA mudraka-prakAzaka ane saMcAlakanI javAbadArI soMpI hatI. ekAda varSa e kAma karyA pachI veNIbhAI bhAvanagaranI dakSiNamUrti saMsthAmAM zikSaka tarIke joDAyA. tyAra pachI temaNe saurASTranA jAhera sevAkSetramAM praveza karyo. kAThyiAvADa yuvaka pariSada, rAjakIya pariSada ane saurASTra sevA samitimAM sanniI, mUka sevaka tarIke temaNe anekhI bhAta pADI hatI. 1930 nI laData pachI teo viramagAmane pitAnA sevAkSetra tarIke svIkArIne tyAM ja sthAyI thayA. viramagAma tAlukA samitinA maMtrI tarIke temaNe satata paMdara varSa sudhI UMcI dhyeyaniSThA ne niHsvArtha bhAvanAthI lokasevA bajAvIne uttama chApa pADI hatI. temaNe zrI javAharalAla neharunA "Glimpses of the world History'nA moTA bhAganuM tavArIkhanI tejachAyA' nAme bhASAMtara karyuM hatuM, je pahelAM saiArASTra kAryAlaya dvArA cAra nAnI nAnI pustikAo

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thakA-pitAvaha rUpe prasiddha thayuM hatuM. aMgrejI sAhasakathA "Tarzan Twin nuM bhASAMtara bIjIvana' mAsikamAM temaNe hapte hapate prasiddha karyuM hatuM. A uparAMta "kumAra'mAM teo avAranavAra kizorakathAo, caritra-lekho ane prakIrNa viSayonA mAhitI darzaka nibaMdhe ApatA hatA. uparyukta anuvAda temaja lekhe haju pustakAkAre prasiddha thavA bAkI che. kesanI pratyeka hAkalane mAna ApIne veNIbhAIe eka vAra kArAvAsa sevyo hato. tene lIdhe kSINa thaI gayela dehane sevAkAryamAM chevaTa lagI ghasI nAkhIne A Adarza lokasevake 1944nA DiseMbaranI 23 mI tArIkhe Atmavilepana sAdhyuM hatuM. kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra prakAzana-vhAla prakAzaka mULa kRti 1-4 tavArIkhanI teja- patre 1935-37 sArASTra kAryA- zrI javAharalAla chAyA bhA. 3-4-5-6 laya, rANapura neharu kRta (AnA pahelA be bhAga zrI guNavaMtarAya AcAryo "Glimpses of the anuvAdita karyA che. tethI AkhI mALA saLaMga graMthAkAre World Histroy prasiddha thatAM baMnenAM nAma anuvAdaka tarIke mUkelAM che.) anuvAda 5 ApavItI AtmakathA 1940 navajIvana prakAzana dharmAnaMda maMdira, amadAvAda kosaMbInI marAThI AtmakathAne agvAda abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1945 nA jAnyuAri mAsanA "kumAra"mAM zrI bacubhAI rAvate lIdhelI avasAna-noMdha, *

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vaikuMThalAla zrIpatarAya ThAkora zrI vaikuMThalAla ThAkarane janma temanA vatana bharUcamAM tA. 20 sapTebara 1885nA roja thayo hato. pitAnuM nAma zrIpatarAya hakumatarAya ThAkora ane mAtAnuM nAma zivagaurIbahena. jJAtie brahmakSatriya. 1906mAM sva. baLavaMtarAya paramAdarAya ThAkaranAM putrI kusumagaurI sAthe temanuM lagna thayuM hatuM. vaikuMThabhAIe prAthamika temaja mAdhyamika keLavaNI suratamAM lIdhI hatI. teo 1900nI sAlamAM meTrika thaIne amadAvAdanI gujarAta kolejamAM dAkhala thayA hatA. 1904 mAM tyAMthI teo bI. e. thayA hatA. zALA temaja kolejamAM vidyArthI tarIke temanI kArakidI sAmAnya hatI. amadAvAdamAM teo pitAnAM kAkI maNIbahenane tyAM rahIne abhyAsa karatA hatA te daramyAna rUkSmaNIbahenanA pitAzrI dI. ba. aMbAlAla sAkaralAla desAInA saMparkamAM teo AvyA hatA. vaikuThabhAInA cAritravikAsamAM aMbAlAla bhAI tathA rUkSmaNIbahenanA vyaktitvanI UMDI asara paDI hatI. temane mAnasika eka mULathI ja AdhyAtmika dizAmAM vizeSa. eTale svAmI rAmatIrtha, vivekAnaMda, zro. araviMda, rAdhAkRSNana vagerenAM temaja sastu sAhitya vardhaka kAryAlayanAM pustake juvAna vayamAM temaNe haze haze vAMcyAM hatAM. jemsa elananAM "From Poverty to Power" ane "Life sublime" jevAM pustaka temanA nityanA sAthI hatA. pAchalI vayamAM rAMderanA sAdhu puruSa caMdubhAInA satsaMge paNa temanA para daDha chApa pADI hatI. - grejyueTa thaIne tarata vaikuMThalAla dI. ba. aMbAlAlanI naDiyAdanI milamAM (hAlanI zeraka mila) sekreTarI tarIke joDAyA hatA. tyAM 1911 sudhI kAma karyA bAda temaNe muMbaInI morArajI milamAM sekreTarI ane menejara tarIke 1921 sudhI kAma karyuM. pachI 1938 sudhI zalApUranI milamAM menejara tarIke yazasvI kArakidI bhogavIne teo e dhaMdhAmAMthI nivRtta thayA hatA. bAheza, kartavyaniSTha, sAcukalA, svamAnI ane mila temaja majura vacce setunI garaja sAre tevA saddabhAvazALI menejara tarIke zolApUra ane muMbaInA udyogapatio ne majaromAM vaikuMThalAlanI pratiSThA baMdhAI hatI. pitAnI kamANIne dasamo bhAga jAhera hitanA kAmamAM vAparavAne temane saMka9pa hate. grAmavistAramAM jhaNAlaya

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hA pracakAra- caritAli AdinI vyavasthAne aMge temaNe kulle 40,000 rUpiyA jeTaluM jAhera dAna karyuM hatuM. uparAMta vidyArthI, anAtha vidhavAo vagerene gupta dAna paNu temaNe lagabhaga eTalI ja rakamanu karyuM` hatuM. peAtAnuM kuTuMba, vidyArthI e, nirAdhAra strIe, UgatA lekhA ane sAmAjika temaja dhArmika sevA karatI nahera saMsthAne madada karavA tee haMmezAM tatpara rahetA hattA. aMtamu kha prakRtinA vaikuMThabhAie peAtAnA bAhya temaja AMtara jIvananA mahattvanA banAveAnI noMdha karatI rAjanIzI lakhI che. tenI zarUAta te temaNe 1917 nA jAnyuAranI pahelI tArIkhathI karI hatI; paNa 1922 sudhI temAM khAsa kazuM neAMdhAvA pAmyuM nahotuM 1922 thI 1937 sudhIne gALA temanA jIvanane mathanakALa hatA. A rAjanIzI temanA e vakhatanA AMtara svarUpanuM pratibiMba pUrepUruM jhIle che ema temanA caritrakAra zrI ThAkAralAla ThAkAre temAMthI TAMkelA utArAe parathI samAya che. vaikuThalAlanA mRdu ane tejasvI vyaktitvanuM temAM yathA dana thAya che. sAcadillI, saraLatA, nIDaratA, nikhAlasatA, AdhyAtmika tRSA, izvarazraddhA kuTuMba-vatsalatA, prANI-prema ane kartavyaniSThA eTalA temanA cAritraguNA rAjanIzImAMnI temanI noMdhAmAMthI phalita thAya che. temAM peAtAnA e priya kUtarA 'TIpu ' ane mIThuM 'nA avasAnanI temaNe A kalame karelI nAMdha vaikuMThabhAInA hRdayanI ucca ane sukumAra mAnavatAnuM hRdayasparzI citra khaDu' kare che. gujarAtI DAyarI-sAhityamAM temanI rAjanIzI A rIte teAMdhapAtra umerArUpa gaNAvI joie. ' ? milanA zuSka vyavasAyamAMthI chUTIne be ghaDI AnaMda levA ane AdhyAtmika pragati sAdhavA sAru temaNe sAhityaneA Azraya levAnuM rAkhyuM hatuM. teo muMbaImAM meArAjI milamAM hatA tyAre milamAM eka strImaMDaLa cAlatuM ane tenA taraphathI strIhitApadeza ' mAsika cAlatuM temAM te yathAzakti sahakAra ApatA. 1915mAM temaNe dI. ba. aMbAlAla sAkaralAlanAM bhASA te lekhAtA daLadAra graMtha saMpAdita karyAM hatA. peAtAnA priya lekhaka jemsa elananAM be pustakA ' Meditations ' ane 'Life's turmoil'nAM temaNe bhASAMtara karyAM hatAM. te kA'mAM temane emanA kAkAzrI jAdavarAya ha. ThAkAre madada karI hatI. nivRttikALa daramyAna te khAramAM rahetA hatA. rAmakRSNa sevA samiti sAthe temane gADha saMbaMdha hatA.

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graMtha ane ghara pu* * vAcana ane manana uparAMta, nivRttikALamAM paNa jAhera hitanAM kAryo karavAnI dhagaza temane haiye chevaTa lagI rahI hatI. 1944mAM baMgALAnA duSkALa aMge khUba jahemata uThAvIne muMbaImAMthI temaNe traNa lAkha rUpiyAne phALe ekaThA karyo hate. paNa hamezAM durbaLa rahetuM temanuM zarIra A zrama sahana karI zakayuM nahi. grAmoddhAra aMge eka "AhIravADInI yojanA" paDIne tene aMge teo zrI kizoralAla mazarUvALA ane zrI naraharibhAI parIkha sAthe patravyavahAra calAvatA hatA. paNa te pejanA nakkara svarUpa pAme te pahelAM te zarIra taddana bhAMgI paDatAM 1946 nA aMtabhAgamAM havAphera mATe temane paMcaganI javuM paDayuM, jyAM tA. 5 phebruArI 1947 nA roja temanuM avasAna thayuM hatuM. * katio katinuM nAma prakAra prakAzana-sAla prakAzaka muLa kRtinuM nAma 1. . aMbAlAla sAkaralAlanAM saMpAdana 1915 A. 1: jIvanalAla - bhASaNo ane lekhe amarazI mahetA A 2: pite A. 3: navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, amadAvAda, 2. tatvaciMtana aMgrejInuM 115 rAmakRSNa sevA jemsa elanakata * ":" bhASAMtara samiti, amadAvAda. "meDiTezana' che. duniyAnI zvAthI aMgrejInuM 1934-35 pote jemsa elanakRta dUra bhASAMtara lAphiksa Ila 4. caMdubhAInA pa pa 1942-43 rAmakRSNa sevA samiti, amadAvAda, 5. jJAnayogI caMdabhAi caritra 1944-46 , (saM. nANazaMkara bhaTTa) abhyAsa-sAmagrI suratamAM ja pragaTa thanAra zrI haralAla zrIpatarAya ThAkorakata vaikuMThalAlanuM jIvanacaritra,

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(paM.) zyAmajI kRSNa varmA AMtararASTrIya khyAti pAmelA A krAntikArI paMDitane janma kaccha pradezanA mAMDavI gAmanA garIba bhaNasALI kuTuMbamAM tA. 4thI oNkTobara 1857nA roja thayuM hatuM. temanA pitA kRSNa varmA muMbaImAM , nAnakaDI dukAna calAvIne kuTuMbanA gujarAna pUratuM kamAtA hatA, tyAre zyAmajI temanI mAtA sAthe vatanamAM rahIne bhaNatA hatA. prAthamika zikSaNa mAMDavImAM laIne zyAmajI bhUjanI aMgrejI zALAmAM dAkhala thayA tyAre asAdhAraNa buddhiprabhAvALA vidyArthI tarIke zALAmAM temaja paricita maMDaLamAM temanI daDha chApa paDI hatI. muMbaInA jANItA sudhAraka mathurAMdAsa lavajIe zyAmajInA abhyAsamAM rasa levA mAMDyo. temanA AgrahathI A tejasvI vidyArthIne muMbaInI vilasana hAIskUlamAM dAkhala karavAmAM Avya; tyAM aneka marAThI, koMkaNI ne khristI vidyArthIone teNe vidyAbhyAsamAM haMphAvyA hatA. . hAIskUlanA abhyAsa daramyAna zyAmajIne mathurAdAse prakhyAta vAsudeva zAstrInI saMskRta pAThazALAmAM dAkhala karAvyA hatA. tyAM zyAmajIe saMskRta kAvya, vyAkaraNa ane nyAyazAstra bhaNune aDhAra varSanI uMmare te paMDitanA jeTalI vidvattA keLavI hatI. zALAnI tejasvI kArakirdIe eka tarapha temane gokaLadAsa kahAnadAsa ziSyavRttine, ane bIjI tarapha muMbaInA eka dhanapati zeTha chabIladAsa lallubhAInAM putrI bhAnumatI sAthe lagnane ema bevaDa lAbha karAvyo hate. 1875mAM okasapharDanA saMskRta bhASAnA vidvAna prophesara moniyara viliyamsa hiMdustAnamAM AvyA hatA. temaNe saMskRtamAM akhalita vAgdhArA calAvatA A aDhAra varSanA vicakSaNa juvAnanI vidvattAnI prazaMsA karI hatI, jene pariNAme enA hRdayamAM vilAyata jaIne ucca abhyAsa karavAnI mahatvAkAMkSA jAgI hatI. 1876mAM AvI ucca pratiSThA pAmele vidyArthI meTrikanI parIkSAmAM bese che, paNa AMkhonI . asahya pIDAne kAraNe te nApAsa thAya che.. e ja arasAmAM zyAmajI svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatInA saMparkamAM AvyA hatA, ane tAjA sthapAyela AryasamAjanI temaNe dIkSA paNa lIdhI hatI. svAmIjInI vedadharma pravartaka vicAraNane jhaDapathI grahI laIne tene svAmIjInI mAphaka saMskRtamAM vyAkhyAno ApIne pracAra karavAne 13.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu0 10 manAratha zyAmajIne jAgyA hatA. mathurAMdAsa lavajIne lIdhe atyAra sudhImAM e te vakhatanA agraNI sudhArAnA saMsargamAM AvyAM hatA. navIna sudhArAone prAcIna hindu zAonA anulakSamAM samajAvavAnI zyAmajIe suMdara kuneha keLavI hatI. temaNe nAsika, pUnA, kAzI, amadAvAda, surata vagere mukhya mukhya zaherAmAM A*samAjI vicArazreNI rajU karatAM, suMdara chaThThA ane utkRSTa bhAvanAthI bharelAM vyAkhyAne saskRta bhASAmAM ApyAM. tenI tatkAlIna sudhArakA, vidvAneA ane vagadAra adhikArIo upara suMdara chApa paDI hatI. pravAsa daramyAna aneka abhinadanAtmaka pramANapatrA ekaThAM karIne trevIsa varSoMnA A mahattvAkAMkSI juvAne vilAyata javAnuM bhAtuM taiyAra karI rAkhyuM. 98 premAniyara viliyamse zyAmane peAtAnA sahAyaka tarIke aThevADiyAnA doDha pAuMDanA pagArathI nimavAnI taiyArI batAvI hatI. zyAmajInI Asa jaIne abhyAsa karavAnI tIvra AkAMkSA hatI. temaNe kaccha rAjyamAMthI ziSyavRtti meLavavAne prayatna karyo paNa tenuM kazuM phaLa AvyuM nahi. tethI nirAza thayA vagara patnI temaja mitronI madadathI zyAmajI 1869nA mArca'mAM vilAyata gayA. A kuzAgra mudghinA juvAna paMDite paradezanA vidvAnAne peAtAnA saMskRtanA jJAnathI AMjI dIdhA. 1883mAM e AMksapharDanI kheliyala kaoNlejanA grejyueTa thayA. zyAmajI AkasapharDanA grejyueTa thanAra pahelA ja hiMdI hatA. A uparAMta A arasAmAM temaNe grIka ane leTina 'bhASAne paNa sArA abhyAsa karyAM hatA. mekSamUlara Adi pitAe zyAmajInI vidvattA ane buddhiprabhAthI prasanna thaI te aneka guNudI pramANapatro ApyAM hatAM. 1883 nA aMtabhAgamAM e svadeza pAchA AvyA. tyAMthI traNeka mahinA bAda patnIne laine pharIthI te vilAyata gayA. pachI, 1885nA jAnyuAramAM berisTara thaIne e hiMdustAna pAchA pharyAM hatA. vilAyatanA pAMceka varasanA vasavATa daramyAna bhAratIya saMskRtinA bhASyakAra ane sa MskRtanA vidvAna paMDita tarIke zyAmajI tyAM sArI prasiddhi pAmyA hatA. 1881mAM laMDananI raoNyala eziyATika seAsAyaTInA upakramathI temaNe bhAratamAM lekhanakaLAnA udaya ' e viSaya para bhASaNa ApyuM hatuM. e ja varSoMmAM (temaja traNa varSAM bAda, bIjI vAra) bhAratamaMtrI taraphathI bhAratanA pratinidhi tarIke zyAmajIne ' eriyenTala kAMgresa'nI "

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graMthakAra-saritAvali barlina khAtenI pariSadamAM hAjarI ApavA mokalyA hatA, jyAM temaNe "bhAratanI jIvaMta bhASA-saMskRta ' e viSaya para chaTAdAra zailImAM vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM.' A sivAya iMglaMDanI empAyara kalaba' jevI judI judI saMsthAonA mAnA sabhyanuM pada meLavavAnuM mAna paNa temane sahaja prApta thayuM hatuM. svadeza pAchA pharyA bAda traNa varSa (18851888) temaNe ratalAmamAM dIvAnagIrI karI; pachI ajameramAM cAra varSa (1888-1892) vakilAta karI; ane pachI junAgaDhanI dIvAnagIrInA ATha mahinA bAda karatAM 1897 sudhIne badho vakhata udepura rAjyanA kAunsIlara tarIke temaNe kAma karyuM hatuM. 1891 sudhI paropakAriNI sabhAnA TrasTI tarIke Arya samAjanI sAthe zyAmajIne saMbaMdha TakI rahyo hato. A naveka varasa daramyAna temane dezI rAjyonI khaTakhaTane sArI peThe anubhava thayo hato. bIjI tarapha dezanA rAjakIya vAtAvaraNamAM AMdhI caDatI jatI hatI. lokamAnya tilakane dezadrohanA Aropasara deDha varSanI kedanI sajA thaI hatI. zyAmajI 1897 mAM dezanA guMgaLAvI nAkhe tevA kaluSita vAtAvaraNamAMthI mukta thavAnA uddeze kAyamane mATe vasavATa karavA sAruM vilAyata gayAM. - tyAM jaIne temaNe pahelAM te esapharDanI ema.e.nI upAdhi meLavI ane AryasamAja temaja bhAratIya saMskRti ane tattvajJAna vize saMkhyAbaMdha bhASaNa ApyAM. vikhyAta aMgreja philasUpha harbarTa spensaranA zyAmajI ananya bhakta hatA. spensaranA avasAna nimitta "harbarTa spensara vyAkhyAna-pITha'nI sthApanA sAru IgleMDamAM temaNe evI jhuMbeza uThAvI ke tene lIdhe jotajotAmAM samasta dezamAM e hindI juvAna jANIto thaI gayo. 1905 mAM baMgabhaMgane kAraNe bhAratamAM svadezInI hIlacAla zarU thaI hatI. tilaka ane lajapatarAyanI "jahAla nIti'nA pakSakAra zyAmajIe A arasAmAM "InDiyana seziyolojisTa" nAmanuM mAsika patra zarU karyuM ane temAM uddAma rASTravAdI vicArIne nirbhayapaNe pracAra karIne IgleMDamAM bhAratanI AjhAdI mATe lekamata keLavavAne puruSArtha zarU karyo hatA. bhAratane gulAma banAvanAra aMgreja rAjyasattA ane tenI samakSa vaphAdArI pragaTa karIne thoDA hakanI bhIkha mAgato kAMgresane "mavALa pakSa

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thaze ane graMthakAra 5 10 zyAmajInI tejIlI kalamanA humalAne vAraMvAra bhoga banatAM hatAM. baMgALanA temaja mahArASTranA "arAjakatAvAdI krAntivIro'nI pravRttine temaNe khule khule puraskAra karyo hato. temanAM A prakAranAM lakhANoe zyAmajIne laMDanathI perisa ane chevaTe tyAMthI jInIvA nAsI javAnI pharaja pADI hatI. bhAratanI AjhAdInA zahIdanI yAdamAM zyAmajIe bhAratIya vidyArthIone iMglaMDamAM abhyAsa karavAnI taka pUrI pADatI aneka ziSyavRttio udAra hAthe ApI hatI. IMglaMDamAM hiMdanI AjhAdI mATe sauthI pahelI vyavasthita ane baLazALI pravRtti karanAra zyAmajI kRSNa varmA hatA. temaNe tyAM hema rUla sosAyaTI" tathA "InDiyA hAusa'nI sthApanA karIne bhAratanA vidyArthIo ane mitra-cAhakonI zaktione saMgaThita karI hatI-jene lAbha pachIthI sAvarakara jevA te vakhatanA baMDakhora juvAnoe sArI peThe uThAvyo hate. saMskRta ane aMgrejI bhASAnA A prakhara vidvAnanAM lakhANa ane vyAkhyAnano moTo bhAga bhAratIya prajAnA svataMtrya ane tene lagatA rAjakAraNa vize che. temAM rahelI zyAmajInI tIkSNa buddhizakti, apAra bahuzrutatA ane tejasvI bhASAzailI e dezabhaktane samartha lekhaka ane ciMtaka tarIke paNa kIrti apAve tema che. zyAmajInAM lakhANo "InDiyana seziyolojisTa" ane temanA vakhatanAM bIjA sAmayikomAM daTAyelAM paDelAM che. chellAM pacAsa varSa daramyAna jAgelI bhAratanI rASTrIya asmitAne vistRta ane susaMkalita ItihAsa lakhanArane duniyAbharamAM bhAratanA svAtaMtrya-hakkano uddaghoSa karanAra A mahAna gujarAtInAM e lakhANo joyA vinA cAlaze nahi. - I. sa. 1930mAM jInIvA khAte zyAmajInuM avasAna thayuM hatuM. abhyAsa-sAmagrI 9. Shyamji Krishna Varma : Life and Times of an Indian Revolutionary : by Shri Indulal Yajnik (1950). 2. "mahAjana-maMDaLa', pR0 197. 3. satyavaktAnI citrAvali.

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(sA.) sumati lallubhAI zAmaLadAsa gujarAtI sAhityanA AkAzamAM udaya pAmIne tarata asta pAmI janAr A lekhikA bahenanA janma I. sa. 1890 mAM bhAvanagaranA suprasiddha vaNika gRhastha lallubhAI zAmaLadAsane tyAM thayeA hatA. saradAra bhoLAnAtha sArAbhAInA putra sva. bhImarAvanAM e daiAhitrI thAya. > temaNe zALAmAM rItasara abhyAsa bahu thADA karelA, paNa buddhinI tIvratA, jJAnanI jijJAsA ane pitAnA dhanu pustakamaya vAtAvaraNa e sa'ne pariNAme' sumatine 'vAMcavAnA zAkha behada thayA ' hatA. mAMgareALavALA vaiSNava ana`taprasAdanI pAse temaNe sa`skRtanA abhyAsa dhera karyo hatA. agrejI sAhityane paNa temane ThIka paricaya hatA. aMgreja kavi robarTa brAuniMga tathA misisa brAuniMganI kAvyakRtionA zokha temane temanA pitAnA mitra mi kharojI pAdazAhe lagADayo hatA. Ama, UgatI vayathI ja sAhityarasikatAnAM khIja sumatinA hRdayamAM paDathAM hatAM. agrejI ane sa MskRta sAhityanA abhyAsa sAthe temanI sazakti laLatAM sumatie sattara aDhAra varSanI vaye lekhana-kAya zarU karyuM hatuM. temaNe bhASAMtara, pachI anukaraNa, sa yeAjana-rUpAntara ane chevaTe svataHkalpita racanA--e krama anusAra kAvyaracanA karI jaNAya che. dakSiNanI musApharI karatAM DALImAM eThAM beThAM peAte izvarabhaktinAM keTalAMka kAvyeA lakhyAM hatAM tene 'prabhuprasAdI ' nAme pahelA kAvyasaMgraha temaNe aDhAra varSanI vaye bahAra pADayo hatA. pachI kudarata, samAja, Izvarabhakti ane aMgata anubhavane AlekhatI 58 kRtionA khIjo saMgraha 'kAvyajharaNAM' nAme temanA mRtyu khAda pragaTa thayA hatA. temAM mATA bhAganI (40) svata:kapita racanAo hatI. sumatinI kavitAmAM, alakAra, chaMda, bhASA, padyarUpa Adi paratve kAI vizeSatA jovA nahi maLe, paNa sukumAra rasayukta kalpanA ane ' saralagAminI zailI' temanI nisasiddha kavitvazaktinI pratIti karAve che. temaNe a'grejImAMthI AdhArarUpa vastu laIne svataMtra kalAvidhAnavALI keTalIka TUMkI navalakathAnA kadanI vArtA lakhI hatI, jenAM nirdoSa ane sAttvika chatAM vAstavadarzI pAtracitraNA ThIka AkarSIka nIvaDAM hatAM. vArtAnuM nATakarUpe ke kAvyarUpe athavA kAvyanuM vArtArUpe punaTana karavAnI kuzaLatA paNa temanAmAM hatI. samartha sarjakanI AgAhI ApatI temanI

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prakAzaka 12 chUtha ane graMthakAra rU10 A kRtio paripakava kalAsvarUpe pariNata thAya te pahelAM te, sumati mAtra 21 varSanI vaye, tA. 9 julAI 1911nA reja, lAMbI bimArIne aMte prabhuzaraNa pAmyAM. . kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra prakAzana sAla 1. prabhuprasAdI kAvyasaMgraha 1908 pote 2. kAvyajharaNuM 3. keTalIka navala- cAra TUMkI navela-.' vaikuMTha lallubhAI ka kathAo kathAo 1912 zAmaLadAsa abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. mane mukara, grantha 2 (na. je. dI) pR. 1. 2. keTalIka navalakathAo'nI prastAvanA (zrI vidyAgaurI nIlakaMTha) 3. "strIbodha' (mAsika), mahilA pariSada aMka; jAnyuAri 1937, pR. 17-18 1912

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surasiMhajI takhtasiMhajI gohila kavi kalApI tarIke bRhad gujarAtamAM prasiddhi pAmela surasiMhajI gohila sairASTranA hAlAra prAntanA cothA varganA hAnakaDA saMsthAna lAThInA ThAkara hatA. temano janma I. sa. 1874nA phebruArinI 26 mI tArIkhe (vi. saM. 1930 nA mAgha zuda navamI) thayo hato. temanA pitAzrI takhtasiMhajIne traNa kumAro hatA : bhAvasiMhajI, surasiMhajI ane vijayasiMhajI. bhAvasiMhajI rAjakoTa rAjakumAra kolejamAM bhaNatA hatA te vakhatamAM ja avasAna pAmyA hatA tethI surasiMhajI rAjyanA vArasa TharyA hatA. surasiMhajIne bAra varSanA mUkIne takhtasiMhajI svargavAsI thayA eTale ejansI taraphathI lAThI rAjya upara menejameMTa mUkavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. be varSa pachI rAjamAtA rAyabA mRtyu pAmatAM cauda varSanA surasiMhajIne ucheravAnI javAbadArI ejansI taraphathI nimAyela menejara AzArAma zAhane mAthe AvI hatI. mAtApitAnA avasAnane kAraNe rAjakhaTapaTane anubhava kalApIne nAnapaNathI ja thayo hato. temanA svabhAvamAM rahelI vairAgyavRttine AraMbhathI ja A vAtAvaraNe piSaNa ApyuM haze. 1888 nA DisembaranI pahelI tArIkhe kalApInAM lagna ka7 rehAnAM rAjakumArI rAjabA ane sirASTranA keTaDA sAMgANInAM rAjakumArI AnaMdIbA ema be kuMvarIo sAthe eka ja vakhate thayAM hatAM. temanA lagnetsavamAM mULacaMda AzArAma zAhanA mitra tarIke kavi kAnta hAjarI ApI hatI, paNa te vakhate kAnta sAthe kalApIne khAsa paricaya nahato. - 1882 nA jananI bAvIsamI tArIkhe kalApIne rAjakeTanI rAjakumAra kolejamAM dAkhala karavAmAM AvyA hatA. rAjakumAra kolejamAM prAthamika pahelAthI mAMDIne vadhumAM vadhu mAdhyamika chaThThA dhoraNa sudhInuM gaNAya teTaluM zikSaNa apAtuM hatuM. e kolejanuM vAtAvaraNa uchuMkhala ane vilAsI hatuM. kalApI savAramAM kasarata karatA ne Akho divasa abhyAsamAM magna rahetA. eTale pri. maeNkanoTana para sArA vidyArthI tarIke temanI chApa hatI. lagna thayA pachI 1890 mAM temaNe banne rANIo sAthe rAjakoTamAM ghara laIne rahevAnI anumati prinsipAla pAsethI meLavI hatI. kaeNlejakALa daramyAna temane khAnagI abhyAsa karAvavA sAru zrI tribhuvana jagajIvana jAnIne zikSaka tarIke rAkhyA hatA. aMgrejI, gujarAtI ane phArasInuM sAruM jJAna dharAvatA, "svataMtra ne vAjabI salAha ApanAra' A upayogI ane

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graMtha ane thakAra 5. 10 heziyAra zikSakanI UgatA taraNa kalApI para sArI chApa paDI hatI. 1891 mAM jAnI chUTA thayA te pachI zrI ena. bI. jezI kalApInA khAnagI zikSaka hatA. temaNe kalApIne zailI, varDajhavartha, bAyarana, kITsa vagere aMgrejI kavionAM kAvyane sAro abhyAsa karAvyA hatA, jenuM pariNAma kalApInI kavitAmAM spaSTa varatAya che. "kAzmIrane pravAsanuM varNana karate patra kalApIe temanA A zikSakane uddezIne tA. 22-1-1892 nA roja lakhelo. - kalApInI icchA meTrika pAsa thaIne ATsa kaoNlejamAM dAkhala thavAnI hatI, paNa AMkhanI pIDAne lIdhe aMgrejI cAra pAMca dhoraNathI vizeSa abhyAsa temanAthI thaI zakyo nahi. 1891 nA ogasTanI 14mI tArIkhe temaNe koleja hamezane mATe choDI. paNa tene badale temaNe khAnagI abhyAsa vadhArIne vALI lIdhe. "1892 sudhI temaNe mAtra gujarAtI pustake ja vAMcyAM hatAM. chaganalAla paMDayAkRta kAdaMbarInuM bhASAMtara, sarasvatIcaMdra, navalagraMthAvalI, uttararAmacarita, maNilAla ane manasukharAmanA sarva graMtha, narasiMha, mIrAM, premAnaMda, zAmaLa vagere prAcIna, ane narmada, dalapata, kAnta vagere arvAcIna kavionAM kAvya, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANa vagerenA sAra ane bhASAntara ema gujarAtI bhASAmAM lakhAyela je kAMI maLI zakyuM te sarva temaNe vAMcavA mAMDyuM." "sudarzana', "caMdra', bhAratIbhUSaNa vagere te vakhatanAM sAmayike paNa te dhyAnapUrvaka vAMcatA hatA. 1892 thI temaNe aMgrejI sAhityane abhyAsa zarU karyo hato. pAMca sAta varasanA gALAmAM temaNe zekasapIyara, milTana, bAyarana, masa mUra, varDjhavartha, zailI, kITsa, Tenisana, brAuniMga, methya AraTha vagere aMgrejI kavio tathA DenTa ane geTenI kRtionAM aMgrejI bhASAMtare vAMcI nAkhyAM. sAthe sAthe leTe, mesoDe, zopanahera, emarsana, mila, svIDanabarga vagere tattvacintakone abhyAsa paNa cAlato hato. uttarottara vadhatA jatA A svAdhyAye kalApInAM lakhANomAM "dRSTinI vizALatA ane citananI talasparzitA' ApyAM hatAM. koleja choDyA bAda, ejansInA niyama anusAra, surasiMhajIne hiMdanA pravAse mokalavAmAM AvyA hatA. pravAsamAM temanI sAthe temanA parama mitra haDALAnA darabAra vAjasUravALA, jANItA dezabhakta esa. Ara. rANAnA pitAzrI "mAmA' ratanasiMha ane "saMcita 'nA takhallusathI

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graMthakAra-paritAvaha kavitA lakhanAra zrI rUpazaMkara udayazaMkara ojhA hatA. 1892 nA mArcanI 11 mI tArIkhe temane A pravAsa rahAvALAM rANInI mAMdagIne kAraNe paMdara divasa vahelo pUre thayo hato. A AryAvartanA pravAse kalApInI saundaryadaSTine vikasAvavAmAM ane gadyakAra kalApInI bhASAzailIne prAthamika ghATaghUTa ApavAmAM mahattvano phALo Ape ema kahI zakAya. pravAsa daramyAna maLela anubhava ane avakananI prasAdI rUpe temaNe patnIo, mitro ane snehI-saMbaMdhIone saMkhyAbaMdha patro lakhyA hatA. te paikI 1892 nA janamAM " kAzmIrane pravAsa athavA svarganuM svama" e mathALA nIce temanA zikSaka zrI joSIne uddezIne lakhelA patra kalApInI pahelI sAhityakRti che. - kalApInuM sAhityajIvana temanA AMtarajIvana sAthe daDha gUMthAyeluM hatuM. rahAvALAM rANI-jemane teo "ramA' kahetA-sAthe temane gADha premasaMbaMdha hatA. kolejamAMthI temaja pravAsamAMthI ramA para temaNe ponI jhaDI varasAvI hatI. teo patramAM ramAne game te rAgamAM kavitA lakhIne mokalatA ne ramAne paNa kavitA lakhavA preratA. 'abhyAsa ane ramA vacce vaheMcAI gayele " kalApIno prema, pachIthI, ramAnI sAthe AvelI chasAta varSanI bAlikA meMdI para DhaLatAM kalApInuM praNayajIvana ane sAhityajIvana na ja raMga dhAraNa kare che. vakhata jatAM "vatsA methI" sneharAnI zobhanA" bane che. zobhanAne meLavavA jatAM ramAne dUbhavavAnuM A kemaLa dilanA premIne gamatuM nathI. navA premathI AkarSAyA chatAM janA premane te vIsarI zakatA nathI. bannene cAhI zakAya ema kalApI aMtarathI mAnatA hatA paNa ramAne te svIkAryuM nahotuM, zobhanAne mATe mUratA chatAM ucca kartavyabhAvanAvALA kalApIe pahelAM te tene tenI ja nAtanA eka mANasa sAthe paraNAvI; paNa tethI te UlaTI temanI temaja zebhanAnI vyathA anekagaNuM vadhI gaI. chevaTe "premamAM ja badhI nIti samAI jAya che" ema mAnIne kalApIe tA. 11-7-1898 nA roja zobhanA sAthe rItasara lagna karyA. te pachI be varSe-I. sa. 1900 nA jananI dasamI tArIkhe- phakta eka rAtanI mAMdagI bhogavIne teo videha thayA. Ama prema e kalApInA vyaktitvane prathama guNa hato te vairAgyanI vRtti paNa temanA svabhAvamAM eTalI ja prabaLa hatI. temanI pahelI kAvyakRti "phakIrI hAla' ane chellI "ApanI yAdI' vairAgya vize che. bharata te

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10 graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 mATe temaNe uccArelI pakti--~-- rAga te tyAganI. vacce haiyuM e jhUlatuM hatuM '--khuda kalApIne paNa lAgu paDe che. kalApInuM mitramaMDaLa baheLuM hatuM. maNilAla nabhubhAI temanA 'snehI guru ' hatA. rAjya, gRha, dharma, vAcana ane sAhityasarjana - badhI bAbatamAM teo temanA parama mAdaka hatA. rAjya tajIne cAlyA javA taiyAra thayelA kalApIne prajAnI phariyAda sAMbhaLavAmAM kavitA jeTalA rasa lagADanAra maNilAla hatA. gItA-bhAgavatAdi dharmagra MthAnA vAcana, pravApAsanA ane prANavinimayanA prayoga bhaNI maNilAle temane vALyA hatA. ramA-zAbhanA --prakaraNamAM pahelAM ramAne vaphAdAra rahIne cittane sayata karavAnA, ane pachI paristhiti anirvAdya banatAM duniyAnI paravA karyAM vagara, peAtAne iSTa pagaluM bahAdurIthI bharavAnI salADu paNa temaNe ja kalApIne ApI hatI. kalApInAM 'kAzmIrane pravAsa' AdilakhANA maNilAla sudhAratA. kalApIne temanA A guru mATe apAra bhakti hatI. 1898 mAM maNilAlanuM mRtyu thayuM te pachI gAva`narAmane kalApIe gurusthAne sthApyA hatA. paNa maNilAlanA jeTalA gADha prema-saMbaMdha temanI sAthe jAmI zakyo nahi. vi krAnta kalApInA ati nikaTanA mitra hatA. banne mitro vacce kAvyeAnA vinimaya chUTathI cAlatA. kAnte temane svIDanamAnI laganI lagADI hatI. kalApInA mRtyu pachI temanI kRtio pragaTa karIne kAnte mitra-RNu adA karyuM' yuM. kavi 'jaTila' kalApInAM kAvyA sudhArI ApatA ane te para vivecana paNu lakhatA.. 'saMcit' paNa temanA AptamaDaLamAM hatA. arvAcIna yuganA saudhI vizeSa leAkapriya kavi kalApI che. temanA romAMcaka praNayatrikANanI AsapAsa kalApInI kavitA racAyelI che. * hRdaya tripuTI' ane bIjA aneka nAnAM moTAM kAvyA kalApInA svAnubhavamAMthI pragaTelAM che. e nitAMta svAnubhavarasika kavi che. keAmaLa savedanavALAM UrmikA ane kathAkAvyAmAMthI temanA tAjo ane mIThA praNayarasa TakI rahe che. kavitA kalApIne mana 'niHzvAsarUpa ' hatI, temAMthI nIkaLatA sneha ane dardanA sUra sIdhesIdhA vinA hRdayamAMthI nIkaLatA hAya evI sacoTa asara kare che. lAgaNInI RjutA ane utkaTatA e kalApInI kavitAnA pradhAna guNa che. tenI pAchaLa rahela saccAinA raNukA ane sarala, prasAdamaya vegavaMtI bhASAnA pravAha harakAi vAcakane mugdha karI de che. temanI kavitAnI bIjI vizeSatA e ke te jIvananAM parama satyAne sAdAM camakadAra

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thakAra-caritAvali 107 sUtromAM ramatAM karI de che. Ane lIdhe enI paMktionI paMktio sahelAIthI yAda rahI jAya che. sUphIvAdI mastIbharI gajhalenuM padyasvarUpa paNa tenuM eka AkarSaNa gaNAya. bhASAnI mAphaka saMskRta akSarameLa vRtto para paNa emane sahajasiddha kAbU hatA. AthI emanI kavitAmAM kyAMya AyAsa ke kRtrimatA nahi jaNAya. . kalApI upara aMgrejI kavitAnI ghaNI asara hatI. varDajhavartha, zailI, kITsa, ane bAyarana jevA raMgadazI kavionI kRtionA anukaraNa, anuraNana ke anuvAdarUpe temaNe aneka kRtio racI che. temanAM kAvyo pragaTa thayAM tyAre kalApI hayAta nahetA, tethI keTalAMka kAvyonAM mULa vize temanA kAvyasaMgrahamAM mAhitI mUkI zakAI nahotI. Ane lIdhe kalApIne mAthe apaharaNane doSa mukAyo hato. paNa kalApI svabhAve eTalA saraLa, namra ane nikhAlasa hatA ke nAnAmAM nAno RNasvIkAra karavo paNa e cUkatA nahi. temane kavinI kIrtinI khevanA nahotI. kAvyaracanA temane mATe sarjana karatAM hRdayanA UmibhAranA visarjanarUpe vizeSa hatI. AthI to, temAM kaLAnI saphAI ochI che. vaLI rUdanaprema, vizAdane atireka ane picaTa UrmilatAnA dezothI paNa kalApInI kavitA mukta nathI. tema chatAM, arvAcIna gujarAtI kavitAne raMgadarzI jheka ApavAmAM nhAnAlAla sivAya bIje kaI kavi kalApIthI caDe tema nathI. saMkucita AtmalakSI saMvedanamAM viharate hevA chatAM " kalApIno kekArava : chellAM pacAsa varSathI juvAna vAcakasamudAyane priya graMtha banI rahela che. kalApI prAsAdika gadyakAra paNa hatA. kavitAnI mAphaka temane vipula patrasamUha paNa kalApInA vyaktitvane suMdara rIte jhIle che. temaNe patromAM hRdaya reDIne kAvyasahaja utkaTatA ANI che. mitro, snehIo, kArabhArIo, patnIo, ane sAmAnya paricita-saunA tarapha sahajabhAve sneha ane saujanyane ekadhAro pravAha temaNe patromAM vahAvyo che. kalApInI aprApta AtmakathAnI khoTa pUratA A patro temanI sAmagrI temaja zailIne kAraNe gujarAtI sAhityamAM ciraMjIva sthAna pAmyA che. * kalApInI judI judI kRtionAM mULa vize vigatavAra mAhitI mATe juo zrI navalarAma ja. trivedIkRta "kalApI", prakaraNa 8.

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108 ane thakAra : 10 kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra ke viSaya prakAzana-sAla prakAzaka 1. kAzmIrano pravAsa patrarUpe A01 : 1892 pote athavA svarganuM pravAsavarNana A021 1909 svapna 2. kAzmIrano pravAsa, patra, saMvAda ne * 1912 sastuM sAhitya kalApInA saMvAdo nibaMdha vardhaka kAryAlaya, tathA svIDanaborganA amadAvAda, dharmavicAra 3. kalApIno kekArava kAvyasaMgraha A01: 1903 ) maNizaMkara A03 : 1916 - ratnajI bhaTTa A04 : 1920 A06 : 1922 A06 : 1931 kalApI smAraka A07: 1946 nA TrasTanA TrasTIo 4. mAlA ane mudrikA navalakathA 1912 maNizaMkara ratnajI bhaTTa 1913 jIvanalAla a. mahetA, amadAvAda, 1913 maNizaMkara ratnajI 5. dukhamAMthI sukha TUMkI vArtA (kathAmaMjarI bhA. 2mAM mUkelI) 6. hamIrajI gohila mahAkAvya (apUrNa) - 7. kalApInA patro patro (hAjI mahamada smAraka graMthamAM) 8. kekAravanI puravaNuM kAvyasaMgraha 1922 1922 ramaNuka kIzanalAla mahetA muni kumAra ma. bhaTTa 1925 9 kalApInA 144 patra ' patro 10. zrI kalApInI patro 5tradhAra 11. nArIhadaya navalakathA 1931 zrI jorAvarasiMhajI gohila Ara. Ara. zeThanI kaM, muMbaI 1932

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thathakAra-caritAla 12. grAmamAtA ane kAvyasaMgraha 1938 jIvanalAla a, bIja kAvyo mahetA (saM. navalarAma ja. trivedI) 13, hRdayatripuTI ane , 1939 bIjAM kAvyo (saM. navalarAma ja. trivedI) abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. navalarAma ja, trivedI: "kalApI" (guja. vidyAsabhA) 2. suMdaramaH "kalApInuM AMtarajIvana': "vidhAvistAra-vyAkhyAnamAlA" (guja. vidyAsabhA). 3. navalarAma ja. trivedI : "keTalAMka vivecane ', pR0 145-16 4. ramaNalAla va. desAI: "jIvana ane sAhitya', bhA. 1 : "kalApI ane tenI gajhalo.' pa. kAntaH "kalApInuM jIvana". 6. kanaiyAlAla mA. munazI : Gujarata and its Literature; hRdayatripuTI ane bIjAM kAvyonI prastAvanA. 7. rUpazaMkara udayazaMkara ojhA : "kalApInuM akSarajIvana" (trIjI sAhitya pari Sadane ahevAla). 8. inalAla savalAla daveH ' kalApI saMbaMdhI TUMka vivecana' (cothI sAhi. parine ahevAla). 9. mULacaMda AzArAma zAha : "ThAkora kI surasiMhajI keTalAMka smaraNe"? (agiyAramA sAhi. saMmelanane ahevAla) 10. nhAnAlAla kavi : "kalApIne sAhityadarabAra," "strIbedha," mArca 1938 11. tribhuvana premazaMkare: "kalApIne viraha'.

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harajIvana sAmaiyA sva. harajIvana sAmaiyAneA janma i. sa. 1908mAM joDiyAnA garIba lAhANA kuTuMbamAM karAMcI khAte thayA hatA. nAnapaNamAM ja pitAne gumAvanAra harajIvanane mAtAe mahenata-majUrI karIne ucheryAM hatA. I. sa. 1936mAM zrI kAntAbahena sAthe temanAM lagna thayAM hatAM. mAtAnI dekharekha nIce prAthamika zikSaNa pUruM karIne mAdhyamika zikSaNa temaNe te vakhatanI karAMcInI agragaNya zikSaNu-saMsthA zAradAmadira 'mAM lIdhuM hatuM. kaoNlejamAM jAya te pahelAM te temaNe trIsanI svAtaMtrya-laDatamAM jhaMpalAvyuM. karAMcInI TukaDImAM sAmela thaI te teo saMgrAmamAM joDAyA. 1934mAM laData pUrI thaI tyAM temane kArAvAsa bhAgavavA paDayA hatA. ( dhAlerA satyAgraha sudhImAM aneka vAra jelamAMthI bahAra AvIne harajIvanabhAi e zikSaNa-kSetramAM praveza karyA. temaNe rANapuramAM harijana-zALA zarU karI. khUba mamatA ane kALajIthI teo zALAnAM rijana bALakAne bhaNAvatA ane svaccha rAkhatA. ekAda varSa pachI kauTuMbika sa MjogeAne kAraNe temane karAMcI javuM paDayuM. tyAM teo zAradA madiramAM zikSaka tarIke joDAyA. be-traNa varasamAM ja Adarza zikSaka tarIke temanI khyAti thaI; paNa satata parizrama karavAne kAraNe karAMcImAM temanuM zarIra kSINa thaI gayuM. vidyAthI'vasthAmAMthI ja harajIvanabhAine lakhavAneA zAkha hatA. 'dariyAnA mAmalA' nAmanI kizArabhAgya sAhasa-kathA temaNe 1936mAM sauprathama racI, je bhAratI sAhitya sadha taraphathI e ja varSoMmAM pragaTa thaI hatI bhAratI sA. saMdha temanA mitrA calAvatA hatA. 1937 mAM lekhana -vyavasaryAMyane apanAvavAnA nizcaya karIne harajIvanabhAI paNa e saMsthAmAM joDAyA. saMdha taraphathI pragaTa thatAM mAsike! * Urmi ' ane 'navaracanA 'nA saMpAdananuM kAma temaNe bhAre khata ane niSThAthI karyuM hatu.. " judI judI bhASAo zIkhavAtA temane rAkha hatA. gujarAtI uparAMta marAThI, baMgALI, hiMdI ane a'grejI bhASAnI temane sArI jANakArI hatI. urdU ane telugu bhASA zIkhavAnA paNa temaNe prayatnA karyA hatA. hiM'dI bhASA-zikSaNanA pATha tegmA ' Urmi 'mAM lakhatA hatA. temanA A aneka-bhASA-nAne temane keTalAMka suMdara marAThI ane aMgrejI pustakAnA gujarAtI anuvAda karavAnI taka ApI hatI. hAla keina, AnAtAla krAMsa ane vikaTara hyuge temanA priya lekhaka hatA. bhUMgALa, itihAsa, vijJAna ane dezadezanA leAkAnA sAmAjika rivAjo temanA abhyAsanA khAsa viSayA hatA. vArtAmAM navA ja viSayAnuM kheDANu

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graMthakAra-paritAvali karIne samaiyAe gujarAtI sAhityamAM ane khI bhAta pADI che. dezavidezanA lekenA jIvanane vaNI letI, temanI "Urmi mAM pragaTa thatI vArtAo pratye zrI kizoralAla mazarUvALAe anurAga vyakta karyo hato; bhUgoLa ane ItihAsanA lAMbA temaja vividharaMgI paTa para vistaratI navalakathAo temaNe racI che. temanI pahelI navalakathA "pRthvIne pahelo putra" kalAdaSTie khAmIvALI hovA chatAM viSayanA nAvInyane kAraNe vividha dizAmAMthI AvakAra pAmI hatI. "samAjanA trIjA aMgarUpa mavAlIne jIvananuM tAdaza citra ApatI udezapradhAna navalaDI "punarAgamana "maiyAnI vArtAkalAno spaSTa vikAsa sUcave che. "chokarAMone namAlAM banAvI mUke tevuM sAhitya prakaTa thAya che te mArAthI nathI sahana thatuM " ema phariyAda karatA sAmaiyAe bALako ane kizorone sAcA puruSAthI banAve tevuM sattvazAlI bola- sAhitya paNa pIrasyuM che. TUMkamAM navIna viSayo ane jIvananA vividha anubhavanuM potAnI rIte vArtAmAM vitaraNa karIne somaiyAe gujarAtI sAhityamAM potAnA vyaktitvanI viziSTa chApa pADI che. 1941 mAM "saMdhamAMthI chUTA thaIne teo pharIthI karAMcI gayA ane zikSaNa-kAryamAM DUbI gayA. paNuM zarIra kathaLatAM rANapura pAchA AvavuM paDyuM. 1942mAM hadayarogano humalo thatAM teo amadAvAda sAravAra arthe AvyA ane julAInI 18mI tArIkhe cotrIsa varSanI bharajuvAna vaye avasAna pAmyA. | sva. sAmaiyAe chellI paLa sudhI lekhana-kArya cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. temaNe lekhakanA vyavasAyane arthotpAdaka sAdhana tarIke nahi, paNa sAdhanA tarIke apanAvyuM hatuM. potAnA lakhANa dvArA zuddha bhAvanAnuM uddabodhana karavAnI temanI nema temanAmAM rahelI zikSakanI dRSTinuM nidarzana kare che. cokhUTa dharatI para vasatI mAnavaprajAnA pratyeka gharamAM-pachI te bhalene jaMgalI, aNaghaDa ke gunegAranI chApa pAmyo heya-mAnavatAnuM jharaNuM vahI rahyuM che e batAvavAne temane mukhya uddeza hato. joDaNInI zuddhi mATe temanI cIvaTa eTalI hatI ke eka vAra "harijanabaMdhu'mAM AvelI keTalIka chApabhUle tarapha gAMdhIjInuM dhyAna dorIne temAM yogya sudhArA karAvyA tyAre ja te jagyA hatA. temanI kathanarIti sarala, rasavAhI ane cokasAIvALI hatI. vAcakanA manamAM ramyAM kare evAM pAtro sarjAvAnI hathoTI paNa temane AvI gaI hatI. temanI vArtAo prauDha kalAsvarUpa dhAraNa kare te pahelAM te emanI pravRttine kALe aTakAvI dIdhI. tema chatAM pAMceka varSanA gALAmAM badhI maLIne vIseka kRtio ApanAra harajIvana sAmaiyAnuM nAma sAhityane

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12 graMtha ane graMthakAra pu010 cApaDe noMdhapAtra raheze emAM za'kAM nathI. traNa navalakathAo, traNeka vArtAsa'grahe, cAreka bAlasAhityanAM pustaka ane eka hiMdI pADapustaka-eTaluM temanu' sAhitya apragaTa che. kRtinuM nAma prakAra 1. dariyAnA mAmalA krioArakathA 2. bharariya 3. zaMkarAcAya 4. nAnAM cheAkarAM 5-6 jaMgalamAM ma MgaLa bhA. 1-2 nikha dha 3. oibhAgya caritra bALavArtA prANIkathA navalakathA "" 19 navalakayA "" kRti prakAzana-sAla 7. upavAsa kema ane kayAre 8. jIvananuM jhera 9. pRthvInA pahelA putra,, 10. dAna dhruva 11. pazcimane samarAMgaNe 12. ahaMkAra 13. krAMTAnI vADa 14-15. punarAgamana 1943 kha. 1-2 16, pAmI ane bIjI navalikAo 1944 vAtA 19 1936 bhAratI "sAM. sa, amadAvAda 1937 18 "" 1938 1938 ? 1938 1939 prakAzaka mULa kRtinuM nAma 99 19 91 . "" 21 29 . 1940 vi. sa. khAMDekaranI marAThI navalathAne anuvAda eciza meriyA remA kRta All quiet on the Western frontnA anuvAda AnAtAla phrAMsakRta thAi'nA anuvAda hAlakeInakRta khATuM vAyara 'nA anuvAda 1942 91 "" "" "" "" 1111 abhyAsa--sAmathI 1. gujarAta sAhitya sabhAnI 1941-42 nI kAya vAhImAM - pRthvIne pahelA . putra ' tathA ' jIvananuM jhera 'nI suMdarame karelI samIkSA, 2. 'punarAgamana' bhAga 1 mAM mUkela prakAzakAnuM nivedana ' amArA harajIvanabhAI ' tathA zrI vizvanAtha bhaTTanI prastAvanA 'vArtAnI vicArasaraNI ' pazcimane samarAMgaNe ' tathA ' kAMTAnI vADa' nI pre. ana'tarAya rAvaLe lakhelI prastAvanA.

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graMthakAra-caritAvalI vidyamAna graMthakArone paricaya

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amalAla kazanajI vazI ke. vazInA nAme oLakhAtA A lekhakane janma tA. 23-11-1904nA rAja surata jillAmAM temanA vatana talaMgapuramAM thayelA. te jJAtie anAvila brAhmaNa che. temanA pitAnuM nAma kazanajI meAhanabhAI vazI ane mAtAnuM nAma IcchAbena che. temanuM lagna I. sa. 1932mAM sau. zAntAbena sAthe thayuM che. temaNe prAthamika keLavaNI vatananI zALAmAM, mAdhyamika suratanI sarakArI hAIskUlamAM ane ucca keLavaNI muMbaInI khetIvADI, kaoNlejamAM lIdhI hatI. meTrikamAM gujarAtInA viSayamAM temaNe viziSTa guNavattA prApta karI hatI. kaoNlejamAM traNa varSa lagI sarakArI chAtravRtti paNa meLavI hatI. tyArabAda I. sa. 1928mAM bI. ejI.nI padavI khIjA vargamAM prApta karIne keTalAka samaya temaNe ' khetIvADI' temaja ' khetI, kheDUta ane sahakAra ' e sAmayikAnuM saMcAlana kareluM. hAlamAM te pUnAnI vADiyA kaoNlejamAM gujarAtI sAhityanA mAnA` adhyApakanuM ane leDI ThAkarazInA khAnagI maMtrI tarIkenuM kAma bajAvI rahyA che. kavi nhAnAlAle ane navalakathAkAra munazIe temanA sAhityika vyaktitvane ghaDayuM che. zarUAtamAM 'vipradAsa ' ane 'uSA ' jevI rasikamaneAhara kRtionA saMskArathI prerAine svataMtra vArtAlekhananI pravRtti temaNe Ara bhelI; paraMtu jJAti ane sAmAjika viSayeA paranAM carcAtmaka lakhANA ane paraprAMtIya bhASAnAM vArtA-nATakAnA anuvAdo ja Aja lagI emanI priya lekhanapravRtti banI rahela che. emanI prathama maulika vArtA ' uSA '* anAvila hitecchu' nAmanA sAmayikamAM i. sa. 1921mAM pragaTa thayelI. marAThI lekhaka zrI. khAMDekaranI vArtAonuM sauthI prathama gujarAtI bhASAMtara karanAra zrI. vazI che. ' < sAhityamAM emane navalikAnuM svarUpa priya che. emanA jIvanauddeza zakya teTalI samAjasevA ane pUnAmAM vasatA gujarAtI baMdhuonI keLavaNI mATe prayatna karI chUTavAnA' che. hAla pUnAnA * baMdhusamAja 'nA teo agragaNya kAryakara che ane saMskAralakSI pravRttie dvArA tyAMnA gujarAtI samAjanI sArI sevA bajAvI rahyA che.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 emanA anuvAdo saraLa ane zuddha gujarAtI bhASAmAM thayelA che. suprasiddha marAThI lekhaka atrenA 'tyAMnA laMkAra' nATakane AvatI kAla nAmanA anuvAda raMgabhUmi upara saphaLatAthI bhajavI zakAya tevA banyA che. Ane yaza eka tarapha jema mULa lekhaka AcArya atrenI nATayakalAne phALe jAya che, tema khIjI tarapha zrI. vazInI takhtAne anukULa gujarAtI bhASA- zailIne paNa maLe che. temanI maulika vArtAe khAdhapradhAna che ane te vastune rasa ThIka jALavI rAkhe che. ' pustakAlaya-1930 'mAM temaNe lakhelA * bAlasAhitya ' vizenA lekhe rA. * sAhityapriya ' ane rA. bacubhAi rAvata jevA vicArakAne carcA mATe preryAM hatA. kRti " kRtinuM nAma prakAra 1. mAlikA racanA sAla mAliA bIjI AvRtti) prakAzana sAla navalikA- 1925thI'1930 saMgraha 1918 1932 2. Arogya nima'dha paDhiya- 1936 vijJAnazAstra pustaka 3. AvatI kAla nATaka 1936 1944 1933 prakAza maulika, sa'pAna ke anuvAda ? anAvila- keTalIka maulika, badhu pri. presa, bAkInI anuvA surata dita vArtAo sI. jamanA dAsanI. muMbai zrI. khave trizakti kAryAlaya abhyAsa-sAmagrI * mAlikA ' mATe:-prA. me pA venI samArTocanA * AvatI kAla '. mATeH--4. sa. 1945 nuM graMthastha vAmaca. marAThImAMthI anuvAda marAThImAMthI anuvAda * vivecana ' pustakamAM. .

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Indravadana umiyAzaMkara vasAvaDo rASTrabhASA ane mAtRbhASAnI ekI sAthe sevA karanAra A vArtAlekhakane janma I. sa1912 nI 23 mI navembare jUnAgaDhamAM thayelo. temanA pitAnuM nAma umiyAzaMkara mULazaMkara vasAvaDA ane mAtAnuM nAma savitAdevI che. jJAtie teo nAgara che. temanuM lagna I. sa1934 mAM zrI. sukIrtidevI sAthe thayeluM che. pitAnI karI koTA sTeTa (rajapUtAnA)mAM hovAthI temanuM bAlapaNuM hiMdI bhASAM belatA pradezamAM vIteluM. prAthamika pUrI ane mAdhyamika traNa dhoraNa sudhInI keLavaNuM temaNe tyAM lIdhI hatI. mAdhyamika upalAM dhoraNene abhyAsa temaNe anukrame vaDodarA, muMbaI ane jUnAgaDhamAM karyo hatA. temaNe . sa. 1928 mAM jUnAgaDhamAMthI meTrikanI parIkSA hAIskUlamAM prathama naMbare pAsa karIne rANA ziSyavRtti prApta karI hatI. i. sa. 1972mAM jUnAgaDhanI bahAudina kolejamAMthI bI. e. (onarsa)nI parIkSAmAM teo prathama naMbare AvyA hatA. I. sa. 1935 mAM muMbaInI eliphansTana kolejamAMthI vedAnta mukhya viSaya laIne teo ema. e. thayA hatA ane te ja viSayamAM prathama AvatAM bhAMDArakara pAritoSika temane maLyuM hatuM. tyArabAda temaNe muMbaInI gokaLIbAI hAIskUlamAM thoDeka vakhata zikSakagIrI bajAvI hatI. hAlamAM teo vAMsadAnI zrI. pratApa hAIskUlamAM zikSakanuM kAma kare che. temanA priya abhyAsaviSaye vedAMta ane mAnasazAstra che. pitAnI udAratA, mAtAnI vyAvahArikatA, DikansanI navalakathAo ane tenI kacaDAyelAM pratyenI anukaMpAvRtti, TAgoranI bAlavArtAo, meghANInI sAmAjika vArtAo, gAMdhIjInA 21 divasonA harijana-uddhAra mATenA upavAsa, gAmaDAM ane lekajIvanane rakhaDI rakhaDIne meLavela anubhava ane uttara hiMdustAnanuM viziSTa vAtAvaraNa temanA jIvana temaja sAhityane ghaDanArAM mukhya tattva che. A sarva toe temanA jIvanane lAgaNI, vicAra ane dRSTi ApyAM che ane temanA sAhityane viSaya, varNana ane pAtronI bheTa karI che. 'citAnA aMgArA" vAMcIne temAMnI "sadAziva TapAlI' nAmanI sva. meghANInI navalikAno temaNe hiMdI bhASAmAM anuvAda karavAne akhatare karI joye paNa temAM emane saphaLatA maLI nahi. emanI pahelI maulika

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 vArtA "nAmu manI" temaNe hiMdImAM lakhI ane hiMdI navalasamrATa premacaMdajIe tene satkAra Apyo; tene "hRkSa' mAsikamAM sthAna maLyuM; tethI uttejAIne temaNe vadhu AtmazraddhAthI ghaNo dADha nAmanI lAMbI navalakathA hiMdImAM lakhI. paNa sau prakAzakee A UgatA lekhakane jAkAro Apyo. chevaTe premacaMdajIe tene chApavAnuM bIDuM jhaDapyuM ane chApI. pachI te pustakanAM cAre bAjuthI hiMdI sAhityajagatamAM vakhANa thayAM. sva. meghANInI preraNAthI temaNe gujarAtI sAhityanA pradezamAM ya jhUkAvyuM ane ghara vAra ne ghara bhaNI nAme gujarAtI anuvAda taiyAra karyo. "janmabhUmi'nA "kalamaktiAba' vibhAgamAM hiMdI sAhityakSetre prathama gujarAtI taruNa-e mathALA nIce sva. meghANIe tenI gujarAtI AvRttinI peTa bharIne prazaMsA karI. "ghajI rA' navalakathAnuM vastu temane kevI rIte sAMpaDayuM ane temAMthI temane aMtaHkSobha kevI rIte uddabhavyo e jaNAvatAM lekhaka kahe cheH "1931-32 mAM zrI. meghANIkRta 'citAnA aMgArA'mAMnI vArtAoe chApa pADI hatI ane te ja arasAmAM premacaMdajInI navalakathAo tarapha mananI lavAnI lAgI hatI. vaLI TAgora AdinI vArtAothI mugdha banIne bhAvanI utkaTatAvALI vArtAo lakhavAnuM mana thayA ja karatuM. tyAM te harijanauddhAra mATenA gAMdhIjInA 21 divasanA upavAsoe hiMdanuM vAtAvaraNa gamagIna banAvI dIdhuM. mArA gAmanI jhUMpaDImAM besI huM eka vakhata mAnasika yAtrA karI rahyo hato. tyAM eka garIba bALaka jene mArA pitAe pALyuM hatuM ane je keTalAka vakhatathI nAsato pharato hato, te ekAeka Avyo. tenI karuNa vItakakathA meM sAMbhaLI. harijana-prazna, gAmanI smRtio ane e bALakanA jIvananA vividha rasathI mizrita prasaMgo - e traNeya vAnAM maLIne mArA manamAM vArtAnuM rUpa ghaDAyuM ane te ja mArI prathama lAMbI kRti zrI rAo." e ja pramANe temanI pahelI TUMkI vArtA pAku maMdInA vastunuM mULa jaNAvatAM te kahe che: "pitAjIne bagIcAne zekha. bhaMgI tene pANI pAya. eka vakhata bagIcAmAM Dukkaro ghUsI gayAM. bagIcAnuM nikaMdana karyuM. pitAjI atyaMta kRddha thayA ne bhaMgIne mAryo. mArA hRdayamAM atyaMta pIDA thaI ane tenA AghAtarUpe 15 mI vArtA janmI." emanA jIvanane mukhya uddeza 'jagatanAM sarva prANIomAM snehane saMcAra karavAnuM che. e uddezane zakya rIte sAhitya dvArA siddha karavAne prayatna temaNe karelo che. Dikansa, TAgora, zaradacaMdra, meghANI, premacaMdajI vagere

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thathakAra-saritAvavadha < navalakathAkAro temanA priya lekhakA che; * Old Curiosity Shop ' te N zrIkAnta' temanI priya navalakathAo che. je jIvanamAM jaNAya ane hRdaya upara UMDI asara jamAve tene zabdo ApavA e temanA lekhana hetu che. emanI navalakathAo gujarAtamAM khUba lokapriya banI che. temanu mukhya AkarSINu emAMnI viSayapasaMdagI, varNana-camatkRti, saMvAdakaLA ane vastune sarasa uThAva che. samAjanA judA judA vargo ane praznane kendramAM rAkhIne te pAtronuM dhaDatara kare che. uttara hiMdanA tAdaza vAtAvaraNanAM ane lAgaNIbharyAM pAtronAM citro sa Mte lekhakre Urmila prakRtivALAM vAcakAne Adara jItI lIdhA che. bhAvanagaranA preA.raviza kara`joSI temanI gaMgAnAM nIra' navalakathA upara mugdha banI gayA hatA ane temAMnAM va tene 'adbhuta' kahI temaNe lekhakane dhanyavAda ApyA hatA. kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra racanA prakAzana prakAzaka sAkSa sAthe 1. gharI rADha navalakathA 1931 135 2. dhara bhaNI 3. zobhA 4. pAM 5. cAlA ' 1. saMjIvanI 7. gAMgAnAM nIra 66 99 nATaka 99 1936 1936 "" 1930 1938 1938 1938 1939 navalakathA 1938 1940 8. hiMdInA zreSTha vArtAsaMgraha 1941 sarasvatI presa, banAsa bhAratI sA. saMgha, amadAvAda 1941 99 sarasvatI presa, banArasa 1939(1) navacetana sA. maulika, sapAdana ke anuvAda ? maulika maMdira, amadAvAda 53 navacetana sA. maMdira, amadAvAda 19 29 1938 bhAratI sA. saMdha, gujarAtI navalanA amadAvAda ara 99 anuvAda maulika bhAratI sA. saMdha, hidI vArtAonA amadAvAda anuvAda ane sapAdana

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graMtha ane graMthAra pu. 10 9, caMdA navalakathA 1942 1947 navacetana sA. maulika maMdira, amadAvAda 10. jAMbunI DALe bAlavArtA 1 ? mahendra nANAvaTI, , - vilepAle 11. prayANa navalakathA 1943 1944 navacetana sA. maMdira, amadAvAda 12. itihAsane etihAsika 1945 1945 sastuM sAhityaajavALe vArtAo varmaka kAryAlaya, amadAvAda, 13. navanItA vArtAsaMgraha 1935thI 1948 navacetana sA. . 1948 maMdira, amadAvAda abhyAsa-sAmagrI 'ghara zaNu" mATe: "paribhramaNa bhA. 1- sva. meghANI. gaMgAnAM nIra" mATe "hami, jAnyu. 1941. zelA" mATe: "Urmi', na 1939, caMdA' mATe : "Urmi" eprila 1943 A uparAMta dareka kutinI prakAzana-sAlanAM graMthastha vAmI,

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IzvarabhAI motIbhAI paTela sAhityanA kSetramAM jANItuM nAma Izvara peTalIkara jAte leuA pATIdAra. vatana palAda tAlukAnuM peTalI gAma. janma vatanamAM tA. 9-51916nA reja. pitAnuM nAma motIbhAI jIjIbhAI mAtAnuM nAma bAbahene. patnInuM nAma kAzIbahena. lagnasAla 1933. prAthamika keLavaNI peTalI ane malAtaja gAmonI zALAmAM lIdhI. mAdhyamika zikSaNa malAtajanI e. vI. salamAM temaja sojitrA hAIskUlamAM prApta karIne I. sa. 1935 mAM teo meTrika pAsa thayA. tyArabAda teo vaDodarAnI puruSa-adhyApana-pAThazALAnA trIjA varSamAM abhyAsa karIne I. sa. 1938mAM "uttama pada' (siniyara) thayA. : kuTuMba, gAma ke nizALanuM vAtAvaraNa temane sAhityakSetre kheMce tevuM , na hatuM. temanI potAnI paNa abhyAsakALa daramiyAna sAhitya tarapha abhiruci na hatI. UlaTuM, vAcananI zarUAta "kALarAtrinuM khUnI khaMjara' ane "taraNa tapasvinI' jevAM uTaMga pustakathI temaNe karI hatI. paraMtu saddabhAgye hAIskUlanAM upalAM dhoraNanA abhyAsakALe zrI. ramaNalAla desAInI navalakathAonA vAcanathI temanA jevI vArtAo lakhavAnI lekhakane vRtti janmI. abhyAsa pUro karyA bAda pAdarA ane karajaNa tAlukAnAM aThavADiyAmAM be ja divasa TapAla AvI zake tevAM nAnAM gAmaDAMmAM temaNe zikSakajIvana zarU karyuM. evAM pratikULa sthaLo ne saMjogomAM paNa lekhaka thavAnI vRtti temanAmAM vadhatI jatI hatI. ' e vRttine saMtoSavA zarUAtamAM temaNe "pATIdAra' mAsikamAM TUMkI navalikAo lakhavAnA akhatarA zarU karyA. tyArabAda bIjAM sAmayikoe paNa temanI vArtAo svIkArI. e nimitte "prajAbaMdhu' dvArA zrI. cunIlAla zAhane paricaya thatAM temanA protsAhanathI lekhakane AtmazraddhA janmI. pahelavahelI navalakathA "janamaTIpa' temaNe prajAbaMdhu'mAM kakaDe kakaDe ApI, " je chapAtAM ja khUba vakhaNAI. AnI agAu 128 pAnAMnI eka lAMbI vArtA "kapaTInAM kArastAna" temaNe ekI beThake lakhI rAkhelI: paNa e vArtA "kaI jAtanA sattva vagaranI hovAthI' zarUAtamAM tene chapAvatAM temanI hiMmata cAlelI nahi. "janamaTIpa' chapAtI jatI hatI te arasAmAM ja lekhakanuM paheluM pustaka "grAmacitro' zrI rA. vi. pAkanI prastAvanA - 2

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atha ane caMpAra 5.10 sahita pragaTa thayuM. I. sa. 1944mAM "janamaTIpa'nI bIjI AvRtti sva. medhANInI joradAra prazaMsA sAthe bahAra paDI. I. sa. 1944mAM lekhaka cha varasanuM zikSakajIvana choDI ANaMdanA AryaprakAza' sAptAhikamAM joDAyA. tyArabAda "pATIdAra' mAsikanA taMtrI sva. narasiMhabhAI paTela nivRtta thatAM tenuM taMtrIpada temaNe saMbhALyuM. tAjetaramAM "rekhA' mAsikanuM saMpAdana paNa temaNe zrI. jayaMtI dalAla pAsethI saMbhALI lIdhuM che. temane sAmAjika viSayamAM ane gAmaDAMnI janatAmAM UMDe rasa che. samAjanAM sarva pAsAne jAte avalokI gAmaDAnA vividha jIvanapravAhanuM nirIkSaNa karI temAM vasatAM mAnavIonuM yathArtha darzana navalakathAo ne navalikAo dvArA teo karAve che. kemake Akhare mAnavIe mAnavIne ja oLakhavAne che ane mAnavanuM jIvana samAja sAthe jaDAeluM che. temanA priya vArtAlekhake zaradacaMdra ane ramaNalAla che. vArtA temane managamate sAhityaprakAra che. 2. piTalIkara pAse grAmajIvananI anokhI zailI ane dRSTi che. carotaramAM uchera ane kAnama tathA vAkaLamAM nekarI, ema gAmaDAMnI dhULamAM te rakhaDelA che tethI temanAM pustakamAM rAmadharatI ane tenI upara khelatAM, AthaDatAM, saraLa ane bheLuM temaja lAgaNIdheluM ane zudra jIvana jIvatAM kheDUta, pATIdAra, zAhukAra, ane vividha vasavAyA kemena lekenA svabhAva, rivAja ne vRttionuM achuM nirUpaNa citra jovA maLe che. vizeSa karIne temanI "janamaTIpa' navalakathA kuzaLa pAtracitraNa, sudaDha vastugUMphana, grAmajIvananI sacoTa belI ane vAtAvaraNanAM tAdaza citraNe vaDe chellAM pAMca varSanI navalemAM UMcuM sthAna meLavI le che. tAjetaramAM bahAra paDela kAzInuM karavata' temanI vArtAkaLAno spaSTa vikAsa sUcave che. lekhaka zaherI jIvana karatAM grAmajIvananA UMDA bhAve ane rahasyone pragaTa karatI vArtAo vyA5ka bhUmikA upara jarA kaDaka kalAdhoraNe vadhu ne vadhu pramANamAM racatA rahIne gujarAtanA prathama paMktinA vArtAkAromAM nizcita sthAna prApta karaze, evI AzA hAla temanI sarjanapravRtti jatAM avazya baMdhAya che. kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra racanA- prakAzana - prakAzaka maulika, saMpAdana sAla sAla ke anuvAda che 1.grAmacitro khAcitra 1943 1944 goradhanabhAI mu. malika paTela, ANaMda

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> grahAyariyANa ra. janamaTIpa 29 3. mukhyA lekha 73 (bIjI A.) (bIjI A.) 6. paTalAinA paMca bhA. 1-2 1. mAnatA nAyA 9, 5 khIne meLe -. pAtALakUvA 10. kaLiyuga # 19 .. 39 4. dharatInA navalakathA 1945 194 avatAra 5. tANAvANA nalikAe 1939thI 1946 "" 23 .. 1947 1944 1944 navalikAo 1945thI 1946 navalakayA 146 / 1946 navalikA 1941thI 1946 1946 bhA. 1-2 11. pArasamaNi navalikAe 1948 12. kAzInuM 29 1947 1947 exe karavata 13, kALa koTaDI navalakathA 1948 1945 1966 1947 1947 1947 1948 1949 33 150 lokaprakAzana li., amadAvAda bhAratI sAhitya saMdha, amadAvAda leprakAzana li., amadAvAda bhAratI sAhitya saMdha, amadAvAda ' gAMDiva sAhitya madira, sUrata sastuM sAhityavarSa kAryAlaya, amadAvA prakAzana li. amadAvAda bhAratI sAhitya sadha, amadAvAda 29 maulika 'kAzInA karavata' mATe-'Urmi jAnyu. 1950, A uparAMta dareka kRtinI prakAzanasAlanAM graMthastha vADmayA, 29 19 ,, 19 mAlika abhyAsa-sAmagrI 'janamaTIpa' mATe rekhA,' 1944. ; dharatInA avatAra' mATe-'Urmi', nave. 1946, 'paTalAinA peca' mATe--'Urmi,' jUna 1947; zrI rA. vi. pAThakanI prastAvanA. 'pAMkhInA meLe' mATe-'Urmi' nave. 1947 ; 'pAtALa kUve' mATe--rekhA' phebru.1949, > kaLiyuga 1-2 mATe rekhA * AkaTembara 1948. 'pArasamaNi' mATe--'rekhA' AkazAmara 1949mAM pre. rAvaLanA lekha. 'grAmacitrA' mATe--'mAnasI' jUna 1944 "

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- *, kanaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara dave A purAtattvavidane janma temanA mULa vatana pATaNa tAlukAnA raNuMja gAmamAM saMvata 1963 mAM mahA suda 11 nA roja thayela. teo jJAtie moDha caturvedI brAhmaNa che. temanA pitAnuM nAma bhAIzaMkara, mAtAnuM nAma amathIbahena ane patnInuM nAma samajubahena che. temanI lagnasaMvata che 1979. prAthamika ane mAdhyamika cha dhoraNa sudhI temane abhyAsa pATaNanI hAIskUlamAM. tyArabAda kAzI sarakArI kolejanI "sAhityanI madhyamAM parIkSA temaNe pasAra karI hatI. vaDodarAnI zrAvaNa mAsa dakSiNa parIkSAmAM smArtayAjJika nI upAdhi ane dvArakA zAradApIThanA zrI. zaMkarAcArya taraphathI "karmakArDa vizArada nI upAdhi paNa temaNe prApta karI che. temane vyavasAya yajJa, hama, pratiSThA, lagna, upavIta vagere saMskAre karAvavAnuM che. sazedhana, ItihAsa, purAtattva ane vividha kaLA tathA zAstronA abhyAsamAM UMDe rasa temaja sAhitya pariSada, ItihAsa saMmelana vagere jJAnasatronI pravRttiomAM sakriya bhAga levAnI vRtti temane A viSamAM satata lakhatA. rahevAnI preraNA Ape che. temanI lekhana-pravRtinI zarUAta pATaNa vidyAthI maMDaLa taraphathI pragaTa thatI "abhyAsagRha-patrikA' (daimAsika) dvArA thaI. temane prathama lekha "sevAmArganAM sUtro che. tyArabAda temaNe pATaNane lagatA citihAsika temaja kaLAvivecananA lekho lakhyA. temAM zrI. puNyavijayajI mahArAja, sva. maNilAla mAdhavalAla bhaTTa ane zrI. naTubhAI rAvaLa taraphathI temane puSkaLa preraNA ane utsAha maLyAM. temanuM prathama pustaka siddhasara sahastraliMgane itihAsa' I. sa. 1935mAM pragaTa thayuM hatuM. temanA jIvanane uddeza saMzodhaka dRSTie zakya teTaluM sAhityakArya karI gujarAtanI sevA karavAnuM che. munizrI jinavijayajInI saMzAdhanadaSTi temano Adarza banI che. rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata temanA priya graMtha che. temane priya lekhanavilaya saMzodhana ane khAsa karIne sthApatya ane mUrti kaLA che. ItihAsa, kaLA ane dharmanAM prAcIna-arvAcIna svarUpo temaja purAtattva temane abhyAsa-viSaya che. gujarAtanI kalAmImAMsA ane purAtattvacarcAmAM temane noMdhapAtra hisso che. "mahAkavi rAmacaMdra." "AcArya hemacaMkane vaidika sAhitya para

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thathakAra-paritAvAsa, daSTipAta " " sarasvatI-purANamAM gujarAtanAM atihAsika ta." " karNadeva solaMkInA jIvana upara prakAza," cAlukyabhUpALa bALa mULarAjanuM eka tAmrapatra." "rAjazekhara,' "kavi somezvaradeva', "azvamedha', "gujarAtamAM katirthaMbha," "gujarAtamAM saMyukta pratimAo." "bhAratIya citrakaLAnI paribhASA," "gujarAtamAM nAgaprajAtaMtro,* * * guja rezvaranuM pATanagara aNahilapura, vagere temanA lagabhaga 100 jeTalA abhyAsa-lekhe hajI veravikhera paDelA che. e je graMthastha svarUpe pragaTa thAya to gujarAtane temanI saMzodhana-pravRttine vyavasthita lAbha sAMpaDe tema che. vAstukaLA, mUrtikaLA ane jIvanacaritranA viSaya uparanA temanA lekho gujarAtanAM agragaNya mAsikamAM prakaTa thayA bAda dhyAnapAtra banyA che. kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra racanA- prakAzana- prakAzaka milika, saMpAdaka sAla sAla ke anuvAda ? 1. siddhasara sahastra- ItihAsanuM 1935 1935 "gujarAtI presa, malika liMgano ItihAsa saMzodhana * * muMbaI , 2. vaDanagara , 1935 1937 bhASAMtara zAkhA, purAta-maMdira, vaDoda 3. sarasvatIpurANa , 1939 1947 phorbasa sabhA saMpAdana ane * muMbaI anuvAda gujarAtanuM matividhAna"--e viSaya upara zAstrIya graMtha taiyAra karavAnuM kAma gujarAta vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda taraphathI temane soMpavAmAM Avela che. "mAne pAre" ane "ka mahAlaya" e pustake temaNe taiyAra karyA che, paNa hajI sudhI aprasiddha che.

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kAntilAla khaLadevarAma vyAsa A yuvAna bhASAzAstrInuM mULa vatana viramagAma. temane janma . dhrAMgadhrA tAlukAnA hAmapura gAmamAM tA. 21-11-1910 nA rAja thayA hatA. te jJAtie audIcya sahasra brAhmaNa che. temanA pitAnuM nAma baLadevarAma motIrAma vyAsa, mAtAnuM nAma maNibahena, ane patnInu nAma zrI. vidyAgaurI che. temanI lagnasAla i. sa. 1927 che. pitA keLavaNI khAtAnA DepyuTI inspekaTara hovAthI temane prAthamika ane mAdhyamika keLavaNI anukrame DAkAra, kapaDavaMja, naDiyAda ane viramagAmanI judI judI zALAomAM maLelI. I. sa. 1966 mAM meTrika thayA bAda ucca zikSaNanAM pahelAM e varSAnA abhyAsa temaNe gujarAta kaeNoNlejamAM, khI. e. ne elphinsTanamAM ane ema. e. ne suratanI ema. TI. bI. kaeNlejamAM karele. abhyAsakALa daramiyAna temanI kArakirdI eka tejasvI vidyArthI tarIke gaNAI hatI, ema temane vidyArthIkALa daramiyAna maLela aneka inAmeA ane ziSyavRttie uparathI samajAya che. inTaramAM hatA tyAre gujarAtImAM 'aspRzyatA' upara muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM sarvottama nibaMdha lakhavA mATe emane ena. ema. paramAnaMda pAritASika maLeluM. I. sa. 1933 mAM ema. emAM gujarAtInA viSayamAM yunivarsiTImAM te prathama AvelA. i. sa. 1931 mAM madhyama vargamAM ekArI ' e viSaya upara zreSTha nibaMdha lakhIne punaH temaNe ena. ema. paramAnada pAritoSika prApta karyuM. i. sa. 1938 mAM samAjazAstra viSe mahAnibaMdha lakhIne temaNe ema. e. nI parIkSA bIjI vakhata pasAra karI. i. sa. 1939 mAM 'Life in Harsh's India' e viSaya upara uttama nibaMdha lakhIne yunivarsiTInA vizvanAtha mAMDalika suvarNa caMdraka temaNe jItelA. i. sa. 1944 mAM 'Vikramaditya: A Historical Study'--e viSaya upara uttama nibaMdha lakhyA badala temane muMbaI yunivarsiTI taraphathI paMDita bhagavAnalAla indrajI suvarNa caMdraka enAyata thayeleA. i. sa. 1945 mAM *Asoka: A Historical Study'~e viSaya upara graMtha taiyAra karavA mATe bhAratIya vidyAbhavana taraphathI paNa suvarNa caMdraka temane prApta thayA hatA. i. sa. 1948 mAM laDananI raoNyala eziyATika mesAyaTI ' nAmanI saMsthAnA phelo tarIke temanI varaNI thaI che, ane temanI vidvattAnI suyogya kadara karavAmAM AvI che. e viziSTa bahumAna meLavanAra ke. vyAsa pahelA ja gujarAtI che.

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mathakAra-paritAvali AvI vidyAvyAsaMgI prakRtine adhyayana adhyApana ane saMzodhanamAM rasa heya te svAbhAvika che. nibaMdha-harIphAIomAM vijetA banavAthI ane sva. narasiMharAva temaja sva. ke. ha. dhruvanA protsAhanathI pitAnA lekhanakAryamAM temane vizvAsa beTho. vaLI vyavasAya paNa zarUAtamAM amadAvAdanI proprAyaTarI hAIskUlamAM ane Ara. sI. hAIskUlamAM zikSako temaja I. sa. 1937 thI muMbaInI eliphansTana kaoNlejamAM gujarAtI bhASA-sAhityanA mukhya adhyApaka -temanI prakRti ne pravRttine anukULa hovAthI tathA prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ane sAhitya, prAcIna gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhitya temaja saMskRta kAvyavivecana-alaMkArazAstra tarapha zarUAtathI ja temanI UMDI abhiruci hevAthI uttarottara temanI lekhanapravRtti vikasatI gaI che; I. sa. 1942mAM vasaMtavilAsa: eka prAcIna gujarAtI phAgu' e kAvyanI saMzodhanAtmaka aMgrejI saMpAdanA taiyAra karIne bhASAzAstrI tarIke gujarAtamAM teo prasiddhi pAmyA che. gujarAtI bhASAnA lekhakemAM govardhanarAma ane kAna temane khUba game che. vaijJAnika sAhityanA abhyAsamAM teo sAro rasa dharAve che. kavi kAlidAsanAM mahAkAvya sva. narasiMharAva, muni jinavijayaja ane saMskRtanA vivecana-alaMkAra-sAhitye temanA sAkSarI vyaktitvane ghaDayuM che. sarjanAtmaka lakhANa e khapajeguM ja vAMce che paNa zAstrIya ciMtanAtmaka viSayomAM ane navAM navAM saMzodhanamAM temane abhiniveza UDe che. temanAM pustakamAM "vasaMtavilAsa'nuM saMpAdana temAMnI mUlyavAna prastAvanAe ane TippaNanI upayogitAe evuM AkarSaka banyuM che ke koI paNa bhASAzAstrIne gaurava apAve tevuM kahI zakAya. temanAM zALapayogI gujarAtI bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa ane zuddha lekhana ane "bhASA, vRtta ane kAvyAlaMkAra' anukrame mAdhyamika ane ucca abhyAsakrama mATenAM upayogI pAThaya pustaka che. kRtio tinuM nAma prakAra racanA- prakArana- prakAzaka maulika sAla sAla saMpAdana ke anuvAda ? 1. tibaMdhaguccha nibaMdhasaMgraha 1935 1936 esa.bI. zAhanI maulika (pAThayapustako kuM., amadAvAda bIjI AvRti 1938 2. " gujarAtI vyAkaraNa (pADaya 139 1939 karasanadAsa nAraNa- , , bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa pustaka) (ATha AvR- dAsa enDa sansa, ane zuddha lekhana ttio thai che) sUrata

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11' 3. Vasanta Vi* prA. gu. kAvya 1941 lasa': An old nuM soMpAdana Gujarati Phagu -42 4. bhASA, vRtta ane pAcapustaka kAvyAla kAr 5. Vasanta Vi- sazAtrana; lasa': A Fur vivecana ther: Study 6. 'Vasanta Vil- sa'pAdana asa' : The revised, cll. ated Text 7. gujarAtI bhASA- zAstrIya zAstranA vikAsanI nibaMdha rUparekhA 3 8. The Vikram- itihAsa aditya Problem: A Fresh Study 9. 'Dasavatara chitra': Gujarati Painting in the nikha dha 1944 1945 (be AvRtti A thaI che) 1946 graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 1942 : ena. ema. tripA* saMpAdana DhInI kAM. mu`baI-2 : maulika 1946 1946 1947 Bharatiya VidyamAMthI punarmudrita 1946 1946 1944 12946 1947 1948 Journal of the Uni. of Bom baymAMthI punamurmudrita saMpAdana 17th century 10. ApaNA bhAratanA pAThayapustaka 1942 195 saraLa itihAsa (prA. ku. pAM kula zreNI` sAthe) Journal of the Guj. Research Society-mAMthI punarmudrita Annal of the Bhandarkar. maulika Oriental Research InstitutemAthI punaHmu`drita maulika Journal of the Bomb. University-Hial maulika punarmudrita mekamilana, maulika muMbaI 'Vikramaditya: A Historical Study' ane 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha'nuM sa'pAdana baMne temaNe taiyAra thayAM che, paNa aprasiddha che. abhyAsa-sAmagrI 'vasaMta vilAsa' mATe-1. 'buddhiprakAza'mAM zrI. sAMDesarAnu avaleAkana ra. 'New Indian Antiquary' 3. 'Vishwa Bharati' 4. 'prAma'dhu' 5, 'Annals of Bhandarkar Research Institute'. 'bhASA, vRtta, kAvyAlaMkAra'mATe 1945nA navembara DIsembaramAM-'prajAkha'mAM zrI. saMjANAe calAvelI carcAmALA.

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gApALarAva gAnana vidyAMsa temanA janma ratnAgiri jillAnA AMjA~ gAmamAM I. sa. 1896mAM 26 mI navembare thayelA. temanuM mULa vatana te kAMkaNu prAMta paNa chellAM 75 varSothI viAMsa kuTuMba saurASTramAM AvIne vaseluM che. temanA pitAnuM nAma gajAnana kAzInAtha vidvAMsa; mAtAnuM nAma sarasvatIbAi; jJAtie teo ciAvana mahArASTrI brAhmaNa che. temanuM lagna i. sa. 1922 mAM zrI. sumatibAI sAthe thayeluM che. prAthamika temaja aMgrejI traNa dhAraNAnu zikSaNa temaNe vallabhIpuramAM ( vaLAmAM ) ane tyArabAda meTrika sudhI abhyAsa zrI. dakSiNAmUrti vidyArthIbhavananA khAsa vamAM karyAM hatA. i. sa. 1917 mAM bhAvanagaranI sanAtana dharmI hAiskUlamAMthI bahAranA vidyArthI tarIke meTrikanI parIkSA pasAra karI tyAMnI zAmaLadAsa kaoNlejamAM te dAkhala thayA. tyAM prathama varSAmAM gaNitamAM prathama AvavA badala pri. saMjANA pAritoSika temane maLyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1921 mAM pUnAnI phargyuOsana kaoNlejamAMthI mukhya viSaya gaNita laI ne khI. e. nI upAdhi mAnasahita temaNe prApta karI hatI. pachI tarata ja zrI. dakSiNAmUrti bhavanamAM zikSaNakAryamAM joDAvA te saMsthAnA te AjIvana sabhya banyA. temane mukhya vyavasAya zikSakaneA tee gaNAve cheH keTalAMka varSo sudhI saMsthAnI jarUratAne aMge prakAzana vibhAganuM sa McAlana temaNe karyuM hatuM. saurASTranuM saMyukta rAjya sthapAyuM te arasAmAM thADA vakhata saurASTranA keLavaNI khAtAnA mukhya adhikArI tarIke paNa temaNe kAma karyuM hatuM. hAla teo muMbainI Ara. Ara. zeThanI kaMpanInAM prakAzatAnu vyavasthAkArya sabhALI rahyA che. temaNe lekhanapravRttinI zarUAta i. sa. 1937 mAM zikSaNaviSayaka sAhitya gujarAtImAM taiyAra karavAnA hetuthI karI ane DaoN. gajAnana zrIpata kheranA ' pAzcimAya zikSaNapraNAlI' nAmanA marAThI pustakane gujarAtI bhAvAnuvAda e bhAgamAM prakaTa karyAM. cheka nAnapaNathI sva. gijubhAI, zrI. nAnAbhAI bhaTTa, gAkhalejI temaja gAMdhIjInAM jIvananI asara temaNe jhIlelI che. i. sa. 1921 bAda gAMdhIjInA hiMdu Agamana pachI te gAMdhIjInI vicArasaraNI ane dakSiNAmUrtinA zikSaNa ne saMskAraviSayaka vAtAvaraNa vaDe temanuM samagra jIvana raMgAI gayelu che. zrI. dakSiNAmUrtimAM 3

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tha ane zapakAra ru. 10 teo zikSaka hatA. tyAM sudhI lekhanakAryamAM jhukAvavAnI vRtti temane thayelI nahi. paNa I. sa. 1928 mAM zrI. dakSiNAmUrti saMsthAne aMge prakAzana aMgenuM kArya saMbhALavAnI je javAbadArI AvI paDI tene aMge jIvananirvAhamAM sahAyaka thaI zake tevA uddezathI ane te dvArA marAThI bhASAnAM uttama gaNAya te pustaka paricaya gujarAtane thAya e hetuthI samAjane taMdurasta rAkhe tevAM pustakone anuvAda karavAnuM kArya temaNe upADayuM.mULa pustakanA bhAva, vaktavya ke nirUpaNazailIne jarA paNa kaluSita karyA vinA temane saraLa ne pravAhI gujarAtImAM ziSTa anuvAda karavAmAM temaNe saphaLatA meLavI. - sArA zaherI tarIke prAmANika jIvananirvAha karavAne temaja ucca cAritrayathI samAjane upakAraka pravRtti calAvavAne temane jIvanahetu che. temanA priya lekhaka marAThI navalakathAkAra zrI. khAMDekara che. TiLakanuM gItArahasya' ane kAkAsAhebanAM pustake temanA priya graMtha che. bAla-kizora sAhitya paNa temane priya che. itihAsa, samAjazAstra ane mAnasazAstrane abhyAsa kare temane khUba game che. marAThI lekhaka zrI. vi. sa. khAMDekare temanAM tamAma pustakonA gujarAtI anuvAda karavAnI kulamukhatyArI temane soMpI che. kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra racanA prakAzana prakAzaka maulika, saMpAdana sAla sAla ke anuvAda 1 pazcimanA dezanI . bI. dakSiNAmUrti keLavaNuM prabaMdha 1938 1938 prakAzana maMdira marAThImAMthI anukhaMDa 1-2 bhAvanagara vAda ' 2 kaujovadha navalakathA 1944 1944 Ara. Ara. zeThanI kaMpanI, muMbaI 3 ulkA 1945 1945 4 sulabhA 1947 1947 dAjhelAM haiyAM 1947 1947 sUnAM maMdira 1947 1947

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gAviMdabhAi rAmabhAI amIna muMbaInA zerabajAranA dhAMdhaliyA vAtAvaraNamAM paNa lekhanazeAkhate adyApi paryaMta TakAvI rAkhanAra carotaranAM A pATIdAra' lekhakane janma i. sa. 1909 mAM 7 mI julAie sva. meAtIbhAI amIna ane darabAra zrI. geApAladAse saMskArelA suMdara gAma vaseAmAM thayelA. temanA pitAnuM nAma rAmabhAi vAghajIbhAI amIna ane mAtAnuM nAma kAzIbahena. temanuM lagna i. sa. 1928 mAM zrI. zAntAbahena sAthe thayeluM che. bALapaNathI ja tabiyata nAjuka hovAne lIdhe keLavaNImAM vacce vacce temane aneka aMtarAyA AvelA. prAthamika zikSaNu temaNe vaseAmAM sva. meAtIbhAi amIne prathama zarU karela menTesarI navI gujarAtI zALAmAM lIdhuM hatuM. tyArabAda vaseAmAMthI i. sa. 1928 mAM temaNe meTrika pAsa karI I. sa. 1936 mAM muMbaI sIDanahAma kaoNlejamAMthI bI. kAma. nI upAdhi prApta karI. tyArathI te zaeNralAlanA dhaMdhAmAM pravRtta thayA che. jIvananA prAraMbhamAM nabaLI tabiyatane lIdhe je mAnasika te zArIrika kaSTa temane sahana karavuM paDayuM tenA pariNAme sAMpaDelI nirAzAmAMthI AzvAsana rUpe temaNe lekhakajIvana zarU karyuM. ane pachI te tene vyavasthita banAvatAM rAjanA anivArya zAkha rUpe te banI gayuM. ' " emanI prathama kRti 'reDiyama ' kaeNAlejamAM eka DaoNkaTarane hAthe temane anyAya thatAM I. sa. 1931 mAM lakhAyelI. khIje varSe te ' kaumudI ' mAM prakaTa thaI. I. sa. 1938 mAM prathama prakAzana * reDiyama ' mAM temaNe temanI nATikAenA saMgraha karyAM. prakAzana bAbatamAM gujarAtI lekhaka bicArA duHkhI hAya che, e anubhava tyArathI temane thayelA, je temanA chevaTanA prakAzana sudhI cAlu che. temano managamatA lekhanaviSaya nATaka che. paratu emanA priya abhyAsaviSaya che tattvajJAna, janmathI ja AAtmika viSayA tarapha kutUhala hovAthI temanuM ciMtana temane navI zraddhA ane navuM baLa Ape che. ethI ja emane uddeza paNa zAMtithI maravAnA ' temaNe darzAvelA che. < temanAM nATakA ane navalene gujarAtanA sAkSaravamAMthI ThIka ThIka AvakAra maLyo che. sAdI, nAnakaDI ane sAmAnya lAgatI evI keTalI ya ghaTanAone te nATaviSaya banAve che. ekAMkI nATakA lakhavAnI emanI .

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 hathoTI paNa kauzalavALI che. navalemAM gujarAtI jIvananA sAMprata prasaMgo ke praznane te saraLa rIte gUMthI le che ane vastusaMkalana, jIvanabhAvanA, saMvAda-Alekhana vagere navala-aMgamAM temanI zaktine acche paricaya karAve che. chellI traNa peDhIonA palaTAtA gujarAtI jIvanane AlekhavAnA prayAsa tarIke temanI chellI navalatripuTI aMgrejI "TrIlajI' nA prayogarUpa che. kRtinuM nAma prakAra racanA prakAzana prakAzaka maulika, saMpA. sAla sAla dana ke anuvAda? 1. reDiyama nATikAo 1932 1938 pita 2. kALacakra nATikA 1934 1940 3. veNunAda nATikAo 1938 1941 4. raMganA caTakA vAtoe 1932 1942 (be AvRttio) thI 40 5. be mitro navalakathA 1942 1943 Ara. Ara. zeThanI be AvRtti). . muMbaI 6. tripuTI vArtAo 1942 1946 7. hRdayapalaTe nATaka 1932 1947 8, mADI jAya navalakathA 1946 1947 Ara. Ara. zeThanI ku. muMbaI 9. januM ame navuM , 1947 1948 20. trividha tApa che " abhayAsa-sAmagrI 1. ke. rAvaLakRta sAhityavihAra' mAM "utsAhI nATakakAra " e lekha. 2. "pazvimaNa bhA. 1' -va. jhaveracaMda meghANuM. 3. "be mitra ' kRtinI . rAvaLanI prastAvanA. 4. "ganA caTakA' kRtinI che. rA. vi. pAThakanI prastAvanA. 5. "mADI jAya ' "januM ane navuM, " "trividha tApa " e traNe kRtie mane pro. rA. vi. pAThakane Amukha. uparAMta sAhitya sabhAnAM graMthastha vAyo.

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cimanalAla maganalAla DokaTara zrI. cimanalAla DokaTarane janma temanA mULa vatana vaDodarAmAM tA. 24-10-1884 nA roja vaNika jJAtimAM thayeluM. temanA pitAnuM nAma maganalAla narottamadAsa ane mAtAnuM nAma jamanAbahena. temanuM prathama lagna i. sa. 1902 mAM zrI. maNigaurI sAthe thayuM hatuM. zrI. maNigaurIne svargavAsa thatAM temanuM bIjuM lagna zrI. guNavaMtagaurI sAthe thayeluM che. emanI abhyAsakArarkidI javalaMta hatI. temaNe ema. e. ela ela. bI. nI upAdhi UMcA darajaje pAsa thaI meLavI che. teo bI. e. thayA tyAM sudhImAM to sarakArI guNa-ziSyavRtti, kAjhI zAhabudIna memoriyala ziSyavRtti, dI. ba. aMbAlAla desAI memoriyala pAritoSika, ke. TI. telaMga caMdraka ane pAritoSika jevAM vijaya pratIke prApta karavAne teo bhAgyazALI banyA hatA. ema. e.mAM yunivarsiTImAM sauprathama AvavA badala conselara caMdraka meLavIne vidyArthI tarIke temaNe virala mAna prApta karyuM che. I. sa. 1907 mAM abhyAsa pUro karI teo nyAyAdhIza thayA. I. sa. 1922 sudhI vaDodarAnA nyAyAdhIza tarIke temaNe kAma bajAvyuM. I.sa.1923 mAM vaDodarAmAM "navagujarAta' sAptAhikanI sthApanA karIne tinA taMtrI tarIke temaNe sauprathama pitAnI lekhinIne paricaya karAvyo. tyAM niyamita lakhavAnI javAbadArIne lIdhe, koleja jIvana temaja rAjyanI nokarInA kALa daramiyAna aMgrejI vartamAnapatro ane sAmayikamAM keTalIkavAra avAranavAra je lakhANa temaNe kareluM, temAM uttarottara vikAsa thato gayo. e kALanA gALAmAM I. sa.1916 mAM "vI. pI. mAdhavarAvanuM saMkSipta jIvanacaritra" temaNe lakheluM, ane patrakAra thayA pachI temaNe eka pachI eka abhyAsazIla pustake prakaTa karavA mAMDayAM. zrI. rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa, svAmI vivekAnaMda ane svAmI rAmatIrthanA jIvana tema ja vicAre, lekamAnya TiLaka ane gAMdhIjInA rAjakIya Adarzoe tathA rAjakAraNanI pravRttioe, roTarI kalabanA ane thIosaiphInA saMskAra-kArca, zrI. araviMdanAM nUtana yugaviSayaka pustakoe ane chelle chelle kailAsa (himAlaya) najIka AvelA nArAyaNa AzramavALA nArAyaNa svAmIe aMgata saMparka dvArA temanA mAnasane ghaDayuM che. gItA ane nyu TesTAmenTanI asara temanA upara jIvanabhara sauthI vizeSa rahI che.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra che emanA jIvanane mukhya uddeza che dezonnati mATe janasevA-prabhusevA." hiMdamAM rAmarAjya sthapAya ane aMtima ghaDIe prabhunA paramatatvamAM temane AtmA vilIna bane e emanI IcchA che. te IcchAne mULamAM nirdhArIne navagujarAta' patra temaNe prakaTa karyuM, ane tyArathI satata 21 varSo sudhI patrakAra tarIke gujarAtanI yathAzakti sevA bajAvavA prayatna karyo. emanA priya lekhako zaMkara, TiLaka, gAMdhI, enI bisaMTa araviMda, ane jJAnezvara che. emane itihAsa ane rAjakAraNa vize lakhavuM game che. temanA abhyAsaviSaya tattvajJAna, rAjabaMdhAraNa ane arthazAstra che. katio kRtinuM nAma prakAra racanA prakAzana prakAzaka maulika saMpAdana sAla sAla ke anuvAda ? 1. vaDodarAne nibaMdha 1925 925 pote aMgrejI nAnA dAvA saMbaM TIkAonA dhI nibaMdha (TIka) AdhAre 2. amerikAnAM saMyu- itihAsa 1928 1932 zrI. sayAjI sAhitya maulika kata rAjyo mALA, bhASAMtara zAkhA, - vaDedarA. che. keneDAnuM javAba itihAsa 1928 1933 | dAra rAjataMtra * 4. siddhapura bhAgolika ? 1935 zrI. sayAjI bAlajJAnamALA , ItihAsa bhASAtarazAkhA, vaDodarA 5. hIrA vaDodarA prAsaMgika 1935 1936 pite sa pAdana ItihAsa 6. bhAratIya samAja, samAja. 1936 1938 zrI. sayAjI sAhitya maulika zAstra zAstra mALA, vaDodarA 7. bhAratIya arthazAstra artha. 1937- 1939 gujarAta vidhAsabhA, , zAstra 1938 8. hiMdustAnanA rAja. 1937 1940 zArabhAra baMdhAraNa 9. mAjA sayA jIvana- 104- 1943 zrI sayAjI sAhitya rAva trIjAnuM jIvana caritra 1942 mAlA, bhASAMtarazAkhA, caritra bhA. 1-2 vaDedarA abhyAsa-sAmagrI "pustakAlaya' (1943-44)mAM cIpha jasTIsa jhAlAe temanI kRti "mahArAjA sayAjIrAva trIjAnuM jIvana caritra bhA. 1-2'-upara vistArathI avalokana karyuM che. uparAMta temanI kRtio mATe judAM judAM graMthastha mo jovAM. amadAvAda

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cunIlAla kAlidAsa maDiyA peAtAnA prathama graMtha 'ghUghavatAM pUra'ne prakaTa karatAMnI sAthe ja gujarAtanA sAMprata vArtAlekhakomAM mahattvanuM sthAna prApta karanAra A lekhakane janma i. sa. 1922 nI 12 mI AgasTe saurASTramAM AvelA temanA mULa vatana dhArALamAM thayelA. tee jJAtie dazA zrImALI jaina vaNika che. temanA pitAnuM nAma kAlidAsa nadavajI ane mAtAnuM nAma kasuMbA urphe prANa vara che. temaNe prAthamika zikSaNu dheArAjImAM lIdheluM; mAdhyamika paNa tyAMnI ja zrI bhagavatasiMhajI hAiskUlamAM meLaveluM. i. sa. 1939 mAM meTrika pAsa thaI teo amadAvAdanI eca. ela. koleja Apha kAmamAM dAkhala thayA ane i. sa. 1945 mAM bI. koma.nI upAdhi temaNe meLavI. tyArabAda tarata ja 'janmabhUmi'nA taMtrImaDaLamAM teo joDAyA ane hAla 'nUtana gujarAta' dainika patranA taMtrIvibhAgamAM te kAma karI rahyA che. hAIskUlamAM meTrikamAM abhyAsa karatA hatA, tyAre ja temanA gujarAtInA zikSaka zrI. janmazaMkara dolatarAya mArUe sahuprathama sAhityarasa ane TUMkI vArtAnI meAhanI temane lagADI. amadAvAda kaoNlejamAM AvatAM zrI. umAzaMkara joSInA gADha saMparkamAM AvyA. zrI. bacubhAI rAvate temane vArtAo lakhavA DhaDhALyA. kAlejanA AcArya zro. surendra desAI e paNa temanI vArtAlekhananI pravRttimAM UMDA rasa lIdheA. i. sa. 1939 mAM temaNe koleja megejhInamAM prakaTa karelI madyapAna ane kheDUta kAmadAranA jIvanane lagatI * seAnAjI ' nAmanI vArtAthI sAhityajIvananI zarUAta karI. i.sa. 1941 mAM InTaranI parIkSAmAM napAsa thatAM bhaNatara pratye temane kaMTALA upajyA ane gAmaDAMnA ane zramajIvIonA anubhavAte gU thatI vArtAo racavAnA akhatarA karyAM. mitrA ne murabbI taraphathI temane avAranavAra prAtsAhana maLatuM rahyuM. abhyAsakALa daramiyAna ja TUMkI vArtAonuM vAcana temaNe vizALa karyuM ane kautukamALA ' te 'TacukaDI seA vAtA' thI mAMDIne zrAvaNI meLeA ' jevI suMdara vArtAonI bhASA ane kaLAnI asara temanI AlekhanarIti temaja kalpanAvyApAra upara thaI. e sa` preraka baLAne kAraNe 'kamAu dIkarA' jevI zreSDa vArtA te ApI zakayA. " '

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graMtha ane graMthAra pu. 10 lekhakanA jIvananA mukhya uddeza vizALa mAnavajIvana jovA jANuvA ane mANavAne cheH e mANelA anubhaveAne zabdadeha ApI peAtAneA * uddeza siddha karavAnI tema teo rAkhe che. emanA priya lekhakrAImsana ane cekhAva che. temAM rahelI kaTutAmukta nirdeza mAnavatA temane gamI gaI che. nAkhela pAritoSika meLavanAra vikhyAta aMgreja nATayakAra yUjina e'nila kRta mAnIMga bIkamsa ilekaTrA' nI nATayatrayI temane priya graMtha banela che. tevI ja rIte vividha viSayeA upara akhabArI dhA lakhavAnA emane zAkha che. patrakAritva emanA lekhanakAne sArA vega Ape che. e pravRttinA pariNAme jIvAtA jIvana sAthe gADha sapa` tee rAkhI zake che; eTalu ja nahi, sAmAjika jAgarukatA paNa te dvArA jALavI zakAya che, ema temanuM mAnavuM che. samAjazAstra ane patrakAritva temanA priya abhyAsaviSayeA che. i. sa. 1947 thI muMbai lekhaka-milananA matrI tarIke teo kAma kare che. r emanI vArtAo mukhyatve grAmajIvananAM vividha pAsAMone nirUpe che. grAmajanatA, pazupaMkhI ane kudaratanAM svabhAva, lAgaNI, vartananAM citrA gAmaDAnI sama ane ucita khelImAM nirUpI dharatInuM nakkara vAtAvaraNa teo upasAve che ane te dvArA e bhALI, abudha, vahemI ane premALa prajAnA jIvanamAM rahelAM U'DAM aNadITha rahasyA tAravI batAve che. chatAM eka vAta noMdhavI paDaze ke emanI jIvanadRSTi manuSyanA svabhAvamAM jaDAyelI jAtIya vRttinA vividha vaLAMkA upara ja satata ma`DAyelI hoya ema emanI kRti vAMcatAM jaNAya che. . kRtinuM nAma prakAra 1. dhUMdhavatAM pUra vArtAsaMgraha 1941thI 1944 1942'-43 1. pAvaka jvAlA navalakathA bIjI AvRtti ', kRti 3. gAmaDu' khele che- vArtA, racanA sAla sAkSa 1941thI prasaMgacitre, 1945 vyakticitro prakAzana prakAzaka 91 maulika ke anuvAda ? maulika 1945 ena. ema. tripAThI, muMbai bhAratI sA. sadha maulika ena. ema. tripAThI, muMbai 1945 sastu sAhityavardhaka maulika kAryAlaya, amadAvAda

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graMthakAra-tAvavibha 4. vyAjanA vArasa navalakathA 1946 5. padmA 6. jaya giranAra vArtAsaMgraha 1945thI 1247 pravAsa vaNuM na 7. huM' ne mArI vahu triaMkI nATaka 1941 rese 1246 1947 jIvana sAhitya maMdira, muMbaI 1949 1948 ena. ema. tripAThI nI phAM. muMbaI 11 19 1 maulika 29 "9 abhyAsa--sAmagrI 'dhUdhavatAM pUra' mATe,-1. Amukha ( zrI. ra. che. parIkha ) 2. 'prAma' (tA. 23-7-45) 3. 'mAnasI' (jUna 1948) 4, 1945' nuM graMthastha vAGamaya 5. 'kumAra' 200 mA aka, 6. gu. sA. pariSada patrikA, (julAGa, Aga. 1946) 7. 'phUlachAba' (14-9-45) 8. '`i'( okaTobara '45) 9. Bharat Jyoti (22-7-45) 10. meghANInA patro, pAvaka jvALA mATe--1. 'prajAbaMdhu' (1-9-46) 2. 'pratimA' (jUna 1946) 3. 1945 nuM graMthastha vAGamaya. 'gUmaDu' eTale che' mArke--1. 'prajAma'' (23-11-45) 'vyAjane vArasa' mATe--1. 'saMskRti' ( julAi '47) 2. 'prajAbaMdhu' (9-3-47) 3. 'pravAsI'mAM preoN. ba, ka, Tha!, tuM avaleAkana (4-5-47) 4. 'pratimA' (jUna '47), 5 gra'castha vA'maya (1946) 'padmA' mATe--1. 'mAnI' (jUna '48 ), 2. 'prAR' (26-12-48 ), 3. 'rekhA' (jUna 1946) 4. 'gujarAtI'( 23-11-47) 5. Bharat Jyoti (5-12-48)

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jaTAzaMkara IzvaracaMdra nAndI temane janma pAlItANAmAM tA. 5-8-1875 nA roja vaDanagara nAgara gRhastha jJAtimAM thaye hato. pitAnuM nAma IzvaracaMdra ane mAtAnuM nAma durgAdevI. mULa vatana pATaNa. I. sa. 1902 mAM sau. ramaNalakSmI sAthe temanuM lagna thaeluM che. temaNe prAthamika pAMca dhoraNe I. sa. 1886 mAM pUrAM karyo. I. sa. 1892 mAM pATaNa hAIskUlamAMthI teo meTrika pAsa thayA. tyAra bAda DisTrikaTa korTa lIDaranI parIkSA pasAra karI, paNa vakilAtanA dhaMdhA pratye prema nahi hovAthI I. sa. 1912 mAM "amerikana kaeNleja opha necaropathInI DokaTara oNpha necaropathInI upAdhi mAnasahita meLavI. zarUAtamAM temaNe vakilAta karelI paNa te dhaMdhA pratye temane gAMdhIjInI "AtmakathAnI asarane lIdhe napharata thaI ane kudaratI rogopacArane janahitArthe pustikAo, lekha, salAha, zikhAmaNa dvArA pracAra karavAnI pravRtti svecchAe svIkArI. - I. sa. 1908 mAM gAMdhIjInA nisargopacAranA vicAroe temanA citta upara bhAre asara karI. gAMdhIjInI sAdAI, karakasara, tyAgavRtti, saMyama ane sevAbhAvanAe temanA cittane sateja karyuM tyArathI temaNe jIvanane uddeza janasamAjamAM brahmacarya pAlanane, ArogyarakSaNazAstrane, saMyamane ane kudaratamaya jIvana jIvavAnI rIte pracAra karavAne rAkhe che. e uddezane lekhe tathA pustake dvArA teo siddha karavA mAge che. emanA priya lekhaka gAMdhIjI che. gAMdhIjInA upadezaka sAhitye temane lakhavA preryA che. emane priya graMtha "satyanA prayogo' che. emane priya lekhanaviSaya temaja abhyAsaviSaya kudaratI rogopacAra ane ArogyarakSaNanuM zAstra che. zrI. nAndIne hiMdanI prajAmAM raheluM ajJAna sAle che. prajA zista, saMyama ne sadAcAranAM baMdhananI upekSA karI vilAsane paMthe caDI rahI che ane zarIrasaMpatti temaja mananI svasthatA khoI beThI che, e hakIkta temane becena banAve che. prajAmAM ArogyaviSayaka sAcuM jJAna phelAya te arthe temaNe trIsa jeTalAM pustaka-pustikAo zarIra-mananA rakSaNa saMbaMdhe lakhyAM che. prajA e zAstranA jJAna dvArA taMdurasta jIvana jIve e emanI lekhanapravRttine mukhya hetu che.

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graMthakA-pitAvali lekhaka amerikAnI necaropathikasesAyaTInA AjIvana sabhya che. bejhavADAnI InDiyana necarapathika ekeDemInA upapramukha che. temanA lekha mAtra gujarAtI sAmayikomAM ja nahi, paraMtu hiMdI sAmayikomAM paNa avAranavAra dekhAya che. marAThI-hiMdImAM temanAM pustaka paikI keTalAMkanA tarajumA paNa thayA che. kRtio kutinuM nAma viSaya racanA prakAzana prakAzaka maulika saMpAdana sAla sAla ke anuvAda ? 1, brahmacarya- ArogyavidyA 1937 1939 navayuga pustaka maulika | mImAMsA bhaMDAra-rAjakeTa 2. so varSa 1939 1940 bhAratI sAhitya jIvavAnI kalA saMgha, amadAvAda bIjI AvRtti 1944 3. Genus ArogyavidhA 1938 1939 of Health 4. tamAkutyAga 1941 1943 5. AhAra ane 1944 1944 Arogya 6. daMtarakSaNa ne dIrdhAyuSya 7. brahmacarya--- . bodhasaMgraha 8. jIvananuM jhera , 1939 1940 9, brahmacarya 1939 10. sAravAranI sauthI, sArI rIta 11, baMdhakoza kema mATe, 12. phaLAhAranA phAyadA 13. daMtarakSaka- , - jJAnazikSikA 14. havA ane hayAtI, 15. tvacA ne taMdurastI, 16. vo ne vyAdhio , . . . . . . '

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1929 , 1939 , thaze ane graMthakAra pu. 10 pote , 17. tamAku devadarzikA, 18. hasta - , nAcavipikA 19. maMdAgni ra0. maMdavADa kema maTe , 21, baMdhakozanI balA , 22. nidrA ne nIregitA , 23. sUryaprakAza ne , svAzca 24. kudaratI raMgo.' , pacAramahimA 25. jaLa ane jIvana ,, 20. mitAhAmahima , , , 27. ArogyarakSaka , abhuta kriyA 28. mANasa mAM , kema paDe che ? raha. gAyatrI ane , 1947 1947 kupaNavamahimA AmAMnI ghaNIkharI kRtio nAnI nAnI pustikAo hoI temanI kImata Ana, be AnA hoya che. !

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jayaMtIlAla maphatalAla AcArya zrI. jayaMtIlAla AcAryane janma I. sa. 1906 mAM tA. 18 mI AkAbaranA roja audIcya sahastra brAhmaNa jJAtimAM uttara gujarAtanA kaDI gAmamAM thayo hato. temanuM mULa vatana amadAvAda. pitAnuM nAma maphatalAla motIlAla; mAtAnuM nAma vasaMtabA. temanuM lagna Isa. 1924 mAM. zrI. hIrAbahena sAthe thayeluM che. temaNe mAdhyamika zikSaNa amadAvAdanI neTiva skUla tathA sITI hAIskUlamAM lIdhuM hatuM. meTrikanI parIkSA gaNitanA viSayamAM 70 TakA jeTalA guNa meLavI temaNe pasAra karelI. I. sa. 1928 mAM teo saMskRta ane gujarAtI viSayo laIne gujarAta kolejamAMthI bI. e. thayA hatA. paNa A te temanI sAmAnya keLavaNI. temane maLelI keLavaNInI kharI vizeSatA to teoe zAMtiniketananA vidyAbhavanamAM madhyakAlIna saMtasAhitya ane gasAdhanAno abhyAsa karyo temAM, temaja AcArya kSitimohana senanI pAse rahIne I. sa. 1931-34 nA gALA daramiyAna vidyA, saMskAra ane bhAvanAnI temane prApti thaI temAM rahelI che. hAla teo amadAvAdanI bhAratI vidyAlayanA AcArya che ane zeTha bhe. je. vidyAbhavana (gujarAta vidyAsabhA saMcAlita )mAM baMgALI bhASAsAhityanA mAnArha adhyApaka che. vidyArthIkALa daramiyAna zrI. prabhAsacaMdra benarajI nAmanA baMgALI zikSake temanA vyaktitva para sArI asara pADI hatI. vyAyAmanI pravRtti ane Itara kAryomAM zrI aMbAlAla purANunI ane kesindhAnA AzramamAM teo hatA tyAre zrI. karuNAzaMkara bhaTTanI chApa temanA upara paDI che. pitAnA mUka udAra abhijAta saMskAralakSI Atithya ane saddabhAvathI AcArya sene ane zrI. naMdalAla basue temanAmAM bhAvanAsicana karyuM che. chellAM keTalAMka varSothI zrI. araviMdanAM sAhitya, yogasAdhanA ane vyaktitvanI asara temanA upara thatI jAya che. temaNe lekhanapravRttinI zarUAta sAraMgapura sArvajanika vyAyAma maMdira (amadAvAda) taraphathI pragaTatA hastalikhita mAsika "vidyArthI mAM lekha lakhIne karI hatI. e lekhe upara purANI bhAIeAnI pravRttinA daDha

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 saMskAra hatA. tyArabAda zAMtiniketananA saMskAralakSI vAtAvaraNa ane ravibAbunA pratyakSa preraNAdAyI paricayane lIdhe temanuM lekhanakArya mahAratuM gayuM. paramatattvanI zodhane aMge thatI sAdhanA ane te prasaMge thatuM manomaMthana rajU karavAno temanAM kAvya-lekhane prayAsa che. mukhyatve rahasyavAdane anulakSIne temanI lekhanapravRtti cAle che. ravibAbu emanA priya sAhityakAra che. emanA priya sAhityaprakAre kAvya, Atmacaritra ane patra che. samagra jIvanane sparzatA bahuvidha viSayone abhyAsa karavAmAM temane rasa che. temanI prathama kRti "madhyakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti', baMgALInA anuvAda rUpe I. sa. 1933 mAM pragaTa thaI. temaNe rahasyavAda upara khUba lakhyuM che. "tapasane vikAsakrama', buddhiprakAza, okaTe. 1936); "baMgALAnA bAula" ("prasthAna'); "sahajiyA saMpradAya" ("prasthAna" mAgazara saM. 1991) mahArASTrane rahasyavAda' ('kaumudI', 1934 eprila): bAhyAMtara anubhUti (bu. pra." julAI 1937); * Mysticism': (Kalyan Kalpataru Vol. 1 No. 4); "mRtyunI nibiDa upalabdhi ' (prasthAna, jeTha saM. 2000); AcArya kSitimohana sena" ("bhAratI' dIpotsavI aMka 209 2); "mAruM maMtavya" ("prasthAna 1945) maMtraprApti ("prasthAne" citra 2002); "AMtara palaTa' ("prasthAnavaizAkha 2002); "mauna':( prasthAna, vaizAkha 20 02); "agamyavAdanI kAMIka jhAMkhI' (bhAratI' dIpotsavI aMka 2003)-vagere mananIya lekhe emanA tattvaniSTha abhyAsanI sAkSI pUre che ane lekhakanuM viziSTa dRSTibiMdu samajAvI jAya che. teo baMgALI bhASA-sAhityanA sArA abhyAsI hoI suMdara ne ziSTa baMgALI kRtio gujarAtImAM pIrasatA rahyA che. kRtinuM nAma prakAra kRtio racanA prakAzana- prakAzaka maulika sAla sAla saMpAdana ke anuvAda che 1933 gujarAta vidyA- baMgALImAMthI sajA, amadAvAda anuvAda 1. madhyakAlIna ItihAsa bhAratIya saMskRti

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athA-caritAli 2. mAnava prama 3. dIvaDA 4. puMDarikanAM bAlakAvyA 5. tAnasena 6. ThAkuradAnI vAte 7. gArasa 8. sAhitya 9. zrI. zAradAdevI 10. zikSaNasAdhanA 11. taMtranI sAdhanA 12. brahmacarcA nima dha bAlagItA mAlakAvyA vivecana citra jIvanacaritra ? vArtA ? kAvyasaMgraha . } "" ? ? ? ? ? ? 1938 ? pa gu. vi. sabhA 'mAnuSera dhama' mA anuvAda maulika amadAvAda 1934 jeca'da talakazI 1939 enDa sansa rAjakoTa 1940 1940 "9 visa, geri drabhAi ThAkara 1995 khAlakuMja, amadAvAda 1940 " 19 1943 gu. vidhA sabhA 1940 Adarza pustaka bhaMDAra, amadAvAda ? vi.sa. 2003 sastuM sAhityavardhaka kAryAlaya 1947 saMdeza limiTeDa amadAvAka :9 abhyAsa-sAmagrI * 'mAnavadharmI' mATe, i. sa. 1938 nuM graMthasya vAGamaya. gArasa' mATe, tene stra. gijubhAie karAveleA paricaya 'zikSaNasAdhanA' mATe i. sa. 1947 nuM vADmaya. 'sAhitya' mATe paribhramaNa bhA, 1 (sva, medhANI), 90 peAte :viSAzrunI kRtiAne anuvAda maulika saMpAdana anuvAda maulika ..

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durgeza tuLajAzaMkara zukala zrI. durgezano janma tA. 9-9-1911 nA roja rANapuramAM audIcya sahasra brAhmaNa jJAtimAM thayelA. temanuM mULa vatana vaDhavANu. temanA pitAnuM nAma tuLajAza Mkara zivaza Mkara zukala. mAtAnuM nAma moMghIbahena. pitA pAlaNapura sTeTanI hAIskUlamAM citrazikSaka hovAthI prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zikSaNa temane tyAM maLeluM. i. sa. 1975 mAM bhAvanagaranI zAmaLadAsa kaoNlejamAMthI te khI. e. thayA ane ema. e. te abhyAsa zarU karyAM; paNa pratikULa saMjogAne lIdhe te parIkSAmAM besI zakayA nahi. muMbainI zrI. geAkaLIbAI hAIskUlamAM temaja haMsarAja meArArajI pablika skUlamAM dazeka varSI zikSakagIrI karyA bAda hAla teo rAjakATamAM eka meATara vecanArI peDhImAM kAma kare che. emanA mAnasa temaja sAhitya upara vattIochI asara karanArAomAM grIka nATakakAro ane IMglAMDanA be meTA kavie-kITsa ane brAuniMga-mukhya che. te uparAMta temanA vyaktitvanA ghaDataramAM saMskRta sAhityanA abhyAsanA paNa gaNanApAtra phALA che. emanI prathama kRti ' pUjAnAM phUla' i. sa. 1974 mAM pragaTa thaI. temAMnI vArtAoe AzAspada lekhaka tarIke temane bahAra ANyA. tyArathI AjalagI racAtI jatI kRtio dvArA kavi ane vArtAkAra tarIke zrI. durgezanI zakti uttarAttara vikasatI rahI che. temane priya sAhityaprakAra nATaka che, chatAM sauthI vizeSa pramANamAM temaNe TUMkI vArtA lakhI che. jIvana pratyenI viziSTa mayukta vakradaSTine laIne barnArDa zAM ane samaraseTa sAma temanA priya lekhaka anyA che. emanAM lakhANA vizeSataH manevizleSaNAtmaka banyAM che. temanA managamatA abhyAsaviSaya paNa manovijJAna che. zrI. duge zanI vArtAo ane ekAMkI nATakA samAjanA upalA varganA adhikArIe ke zaheranA vAtAvaraNane nirUpavA karatAM halakA gaNAtA varSoMnuM ke grAmajIvananuM rahasya batAvavA tarapha vadhu vaLelAM che. lekhakanI Urmila prakRti, saundaryAnubhava ane taragalIlA temanAM lakhANone ghaNuMkharuM bhAvanApradhAna banAve che. chatAM temane vAstavajIvanane pratyakSa vizALa anubhava che. temanI pAse dharatInAM du:khI mAnavIne avalAkavAnI dRSTi che ane jivAtA jIvanane sAkAra karavAnI kalA paNu che. temanI ghaNI kRtione

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graMthakAra-caritAvali mukhya rasa karuNa hoya che. temanA "pRthvInAM AMsu', e nATakasaMgrahamAM saMjJAtmaka (Symbolic) ane vAstavalakSI-ema be prakAranAM nATake saMgrahAyelAM che. saMsAtmaka nATaka vizeSe UrmipradhAna che ane vAstavalakSI nATake moTe bhAge dazyAtmaka che. temanAM "paMDanAM patIkAM', "haiye bhAra" ane "meghalI rAte', jevAM ekAMkI nATake e ApaNA garIba nATayasAhityamAM sAre umere karyo che. tAjetaramAM emanA mitra DaoN. vasaMta avasarenAM trIseka marAThI kAvyonA anuvAda sAthe jhaMkRti' nAme eka kAvyasaMgraha nAgarI lipimAM emaNe prakaTa karyo che. temane "utsavikA" nAmane nATikA saMgraha kizopayogI dazya nATake pUrAM pADe che. | kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra racanA prakAzana prakAzaka maulika sAla sAla ke anuvAda? 1. pUjAnAM phUla vArtAsaMgraha 1934 1934 dIveTiyA enDa sansa maulika amadAvAda 2, chAyA 1935-36 1937 "navacetana" kalakattA 3. pallava 1938 1940 gati graMthamALA amadAvAda 4. visaMga kalA navalakathA 1936 1937 navayuga graMthamALA, rAjakeTa, 5. pRthvInAM AMsu nATikA saMgraha 1940-41 194ra pote 6. urvazI ane yAtrI kAvyasaMgraha , 1944 pote 7. utsavika nATayasaMgraha 1945-1949 1949 Do. vasaMta avasare traNa sivAya zAMtAkrujha saghaLAM maulika 8. jhaMkRti kAvyasaMgraha 1949 1949 pite anuvAda ane (Do. avasarenI sAthe) abhyAsa-sAmagrI ' pUjAnAM phUlamATe-1. I. sa. 1934 nuM graMthastha vAmaya. 2. "kaumudI', Disembara, 1934 chAyA" ane "pallava mATe-paribhramaNa bhA. 3-sva. meghANuM palava" mATe-I. 1949nuM graMthastha vADamaya "pRthvInAM AMsu" mATe-1. i. sa. 1942nuM graMthastha vAmaca 2. rekhA" okaTobara, 1942 urvazI ane yAtrI mATe, zrI. hIrAbahena pATha: "Urmi, DIsembara, 1945 utsarikA' mATe rekhA mArca 1950 'aMkati' mATe-rekhA" me 1950 maulika 5

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dhanajIbhAI phakIrabhAI zrI dhanajIbhAI phakIrabhAIne janma temanA mULa vatana vaDedarAmAM I. 1895 nA mArca mAsanI 23 mI tArIkhe thaele. temanA pitAnuM nAma phakIrabhAI mAvajIbhAI; mAtAnuM nAma lakSmIbAI jJAti hiMdI khristI. I. 1920 mAM zrI. elana sAthe temanuM prathama lagna thayuM hatuM. teo gujarI jatAM temanuM dvitIya lagna I 1937 mAM zrI. phlerA sAthe thayuM che. vaDodarAnI meDisTa' mizana skUlamAM temaNe prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zikSaNa lIdheluM. tyArapachI vaDodarA kolejamAM ucca abhyAsa karI teo I. 1919 mAM bI. esasI. thayA ane I. 1928mAM kalakattAnI zrIrAmapura kolejamAMthI bI. DI. { becalara opha DiviniTI')nI upAdhi temaNe meLavI. gujarAta kolejamAM bhautikazAstranA vibhAgamAM trIseka varSa sudhI adhyApanakArya bajAvIne tAjetaramAM teo nivRtta thayA che. sAdhu suMdarasiMga ane kavi nhAnAlAlanA pratyakSa saMsage temaja temanAM pustaka - vyAkhyAnee temanA vyaktitvane ghaDayuM che. bAIbale ane e marenAM pustakae paNa temanI bhAvanA vikasAvavAmAM ocho phALo Ayo nathI. vidyArthI-avasthAmAM temane kavitA lakhavAno zokha hatuM, paNa samaya jatAM dharmaviSayaka ane vijJAnaviSayaka nibaMdhakArI lakhANa lakhavA tarapha valaNavadhatAM kAvyaracanA baMdha paDI ane nibaMdha lakhavAnI pravRtti vikasavA. lAgI. I. 1923 mAM gujarAta vidyA sabhA taraphathI gujarAtImAM 'padArtha vijJAnanuM pustaka racavAnuM temane soMpAtAM lekhaka tarIkenI AtmazraddhA temanAmAM daDha banI. temanA jIvanane mukhya udeza pote samajelA viSayone janatA mATe saraLa ane sulabha banAvI jJAnane prasAra karavAne che. emane priya graMtha bAIbala che. nibaMdha emane priya sAhityaprakAra che. vijJAna, utkrAMtikrama ane dharma temanA abhyAsa temaja lekhanane mukhya viSaya che. amadAvAdanI gujarAta sAhitya sabhA' ane "gujarAta prakRti maMDaLa" mAM teo sakriya rasa le che.

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graMthakAra-caritAvali sa`grAhI viSaya laI judA judA dRSTibiMduthI tenI carcA karavAnI temanI nidhapaddhati khAsa dhapAtra che. viSayanA mULamAM UtarI saraLa temaja tayukta vyavasthAthI tene samajAvavAnI ane vividha rIte vikasAvavAnI phAvaTa temaNe vijJAnaviSayaka pAcapustakAnA lekhanamAM saphaLapaNe tAvI che. gujarAta vidyApIThanI 'pAribhASika zabdASa samiti'nA sabhya tarIke temaNe utsAhapUrvaka kAma karyuM che ane sAhityapariSadonA vijJAna vibhAgamAM temaNe vidvatApUrNa nibadhA lakhelA che. kRtinuM nAma OM viSaya 1. hRdA vijJAna vijJAna 4. i (mADI) 14. 13 (hiMdI) 6. Intermediate bhA. 1 2. vijJAna-vyAkhyAna bhASA ? mALA 3. vidyuta mAdaka hunnara 1934 1936 (hAiskUla mATe) 9. rasAyaNa vijJAna (hAiskUla mATe) 10. suSThi paricaya zA. 1-2-3 kAre racanA sAtha 1924 1934 , vijJAnanuM ? Practical Phy* pATheca pustaka sics. 7. College practical *, ? physics F. Y. Sc. 8. paTTA vijJAna 1. AdhyAtmika 19 39 . .. "" "" kRtio. prakAzana sAla ? ? ? 1937 1949 1935 ? 137 1937 1941 1938thI 1940 1942 prakAzaka guja. vidyA. sabhA, amadAda mauli, saMpAdana ke anuvAda anuvA mauli esa. bI. zAhanI kAM. amadAvAda 09 te esa. khI. zAhanI kuAM. "" "1 ADe dharmaviSa- ? vana bhA. 1 yaka lakhANA 12. vijJAna sAhityanI vivecana I. 1941 I. 1942 gu. sA. sabhA, 17. vArSika samIkSA 1*45-46-47 1947, 1950 amadAvAda * 19 sapAdana maulika "1

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narabhezaMkara prANajIvana dave AjathI trIsa-cALIsa varSa pahelAM kAThiyAvADI'ne nAme sAhityajagatamAM che. narabhezaMkara dave jANItA hatA. emane janma I. 1870mAM 12 mI jUnanA divase saurASTramAM rANapura pAse Avela cuDA gAmamAM zrImALI brAhmaNa jJAtimAM thayo hato. temanA pitAzrInuM nAma prANajIvana raNachoDa dave, mAtAnuM nAma ratanabAI trikamajI dave ane patnInuM nAma dIvALIbhAI jayAnaMda dave. lagnasAla I. sa. 1890. ' lIMbaDI, morabI, vaDhavANa---ema jude jude sthaLe rahIne gujarAtI ane aMgrejIne temaNe abhyAsa karyo. 15 varSanI uMmare temaNe meTrikanI parIkSA ApI paNa temAM teo nApAsa thayA ane tarata ja temanuM lagna thayuM. AgaLa abhyAsa karavA IcchatA zrI. narabhezaMkarane lagna karIne paMtha levAnI pharaja pADI. zarUAtamAM verAvaLa-jetalasara lAInamAM relave phIsanI nokarImAM teo dAkhala thayA. tyArabAda eka pArasInI keopareTIva sosAyaTImAM kArakUna thayA. tyAM na phAvatAM teo mAdana kaMpanImAM dAkhala thayA. tyAMthI vaLI jayapura gayA. Ama ATheka varSa lagI jude jude sthaLe rahI temaNe kuTuMbanirvAha mATe prayatno karyA. chevaTe teo pitAnA vatana saurASTramAM pAchA AvyA ane pitAne priya zikSaNa temaja sAhityanA kSetramAM temaNe jhaMpalAvyuM. eka tarapha lakhavAnI ane bIjI tarapha abhyAsa AgaLa vadhAravAnI -ema be pravRttio temaNe upADI. "suMdara ane vidyAnaMda' nAmanI eka navalakathA temaNe lakhavI zarU karI ane sAthe sAthe meTrikane abhyAsa pharI zarU karyo. meTrikamAM pAsa thaIne temaNe hAITa plIDaranI parIkSAnI taiyArI karavA mAMDI. e mATe teo muMbaI gayA; paNa kamanasIbe be vAra te parIkSAmAM teo nApAsa thayA. e ja arasAmAM vikhyAta tatvajJAnI ImarsananA nibaMdhane gujarAtI anuvAda temaNe pragaTa karyo. pachI ucca abhyAsa mATe e kaeNlejamAM dAkhala thayA. bhAvanagaranI zAmaLadAsa kolejamAMthI prIviyasa ane InTaranI parIkSA bIjA vargamAM pasAra karIne temaNe kaeNlejanI UMcI ziSyavRttio meLavI. bI. e. mAM pUnAnI Dekkana kolejamAM teo abhyAsa karavA gayA ane tyAMthI tattvajJAnane viSaya laI muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM te

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, 'thakA-caritAli viSayamAM prathama naMbare pAsa thayA. tyArabAda pUnAnI phargyusana kaoNlejamAMthI i. 1904 mAM tee ema. e. thayA. ema. e. thayA pachI me mAsa temaNe muMbaImAM zeTha cunIlAla nagInadAsa zrophane tyAM rUA. 130 nA pagArathI temanA aMgata maMtrI tarIke kAma karyuM. eTalAmAM zAmaLadAsa kaoNlejamAM tarkazAstra ane philasUfInA adhyApakanI jagA maLatAM te jagAethI I. 1929mAM teo nivRta thayA tyAM lagIekadhArAM pacIsa varSa sudhI tyAM ja tarkazAstra ane tattvajJAnanA adhyApaka tarIke temaNe suMdara kAmagIrI bajAvI. zaeNkasapiyaranAM jANItAM nATakonA gujarAtI anuvAdo karavAnA prathama * prayatna kadAca pre. kArDiyAvADIneA gaNAze. ImarsananA nidhAnA, saMskRta vedAMtanAM pustakAnA ane yuropanI prajAnA pratihAsanA anuvAdo paNa temaNe karelA che. keTalIka sAmAjika navalakathAo ane AdhyAtmika tarasa vyakta karatI se! jeTalI gajhalA paNa temane nAme caDhI che. temanA jIvanane mukhya uddeza AtmatattvanI jhAMkhI karIne paramasatyane sAkSAtkAra karavAne che. vedAMtanuM zravaNu--manana ane nididhyAsana temanA jIvanane parama puruSArtha banela che. temaNe i sa. 1940 mAM saMnyAsa lIdhA hatA. hAlamAM te svAmI niyatInA nAme paramahaMsa saMnyAsI tarIke saurASTramAM Avela meTAda gAmamAM peAtAnuM uttara jIvana vyatIta karI rahyA che. kRtinuM nAma 1. ImananA nibaMdha! 2. julicasa sIjhara 3. AthelA prakAra athavA racanA sAkSa 1898 4, mejhara phaoNramejhara athavA thAya tevA e tA. gAma vacce rahIe viSaya nikha dha nATa kRti : 12 '' 2 prAcana sAmra 1898 " ? prakAzaka maulika saMpAdana ke anuvAdaka ? anuvAda peAte 5. 39 33 ! ..

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cI ane thathakAra pu10 pate anuvAda 8 . 5. venisane vepArI nATaka 6. caMdA athavA duHkhada vAdaLuM navalakathA ? ane vacce rUperI dore 7. caMdraramaNa athavA nATaka, 1903 premanI AMTIghUMTI ? . maulika 8. advaita muktAvali vedAMta vi 1912 Sayaka graMtha 9. suMdara ane navalakathA 1917 vidyAnaMda 1906 ,, "All's well that eods wellhall anuvAda , 102 , siddhAMta muktAvali, parathI 197 mahAdeva maulika rAmacaMdra jAguTe, amadAvAda 197 pote 10. An Epetome pAThayapustaka 1917 of students' Deductive Logic 11. hemaleTa . nATaka 1917 12. yupIyana prajAnA itihAsa ,, AcaraNane itihAsa 97 , anuvAda ,, gu.vi. sabhA lakIkRta "HisamadAvAda tory of Euro pean Morals" no anuvAda 1925 pote maulika 13. sanama_tazaka kAca 1925

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narasiMhabhAI mULajIbhAI zAha zrI. narasiMhabhAI zAhano janma jaina poravADa jJAtimAM I. sa. 1899 nI 18 mI Disembare temanA vatana lIMbaDImAM thayela. temanA pitAnuM nAma mULajIbhAI kALIdAsa zAha ane mAtAnuM nAma vIjIbAI temanuM lagna I. sa. 1921 mAM zrI caMpAbahena sAthe thayuM che. prAthamika ane mAdhyamika keLavaNI temaNe lIMbaDImAM lIdhelI. tyArebAda ucca abhyAsakramamAM rasAyanazAstrane mukhya viSaya laI temaNe I. sa. 1924mAM bI. esasI. ane I. sa. 1930 mAM ema. esasI. ane I. sa. 1938 mAM pIeca. DI. nI upAdhio muMbaInI raoNyala insTiTyUTa opha sAyansamAM abhyAsa karIne meLavI. zarUAtamAM keTalAMka varSa dhAravADanI karNATaka kolejamAM gALyA bAda hAla amadAvAdanI gujarAta kolejamAM rasAyaNazAstranA adhyApaka tarIke teo kAma kare che. karIne aMge lAMbA samaya sudhI karNATakamAM rahevAnuM thatAM tyAM vAMcavAnI taka temane khUba maLI. tyArabAda amadAvAda badalI thatAM gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA maMtrI sva. hIrAlAla pArekhanA samAgamamAM AvatAM temanA taraphathI vijJAna vize lakhavAne temane protsAhana maLyuM. tyArathI teo gujarAtI sAmayiko ane pustaka dvArA vijJAna viSayaka lekho pragaTa karIne te prakAranA sAhityamAM prazasya phALo ApI rahyA che. . temanuM prathama pustaka 'dUdha' gujarAta vidyAsabhAe I. sa. 1940 mAM pragaTa karyuM hatuM. teo inDiyana kemIkala sAyaTI (kalakattAnA sabhya che ane gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA AjIvana sabhya che. temane mukhya uddeza rAsAyaNika saMzodhanamAM AgaLa vadhI vijJAnanuM jJAna janatAmAM vistAravAnuM che. te sAru jIvananA upayogI viSaye vize vaijJAnika draSTithI lakabhogya bhASAmAM lekha ne pustaka lakhavAnI pravRtti teo satata karatA rahyA che. kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra racanA prakAzana prakAzaka saMpAdaka, anuvAda sAla sAla - ke maulika 1. dUdha- vaijJAnika 1940 1940 gujarAta vidyAsabhA maulika-saMpAdana; sarvasaMpUrNa nibaMdha bIjI AvRtti amadAvAda (mizra ) kherAka

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40 2. meDama kayUrI jIvanacaritra 1946 3. mahAna vaijJAnikA khaMDa -khaMDa 2 19 (soN. sureza zeThanA sAthe) 4. lUI pAzcara .. 5. mAlavijJAna- 11 "" 1943 1943 1947 1948 1948 pAThayapustaka vAcanamALA,(varSA zikSaNa pu. 1 thI6. yAjanA anusAra) thaMga ane thathAra pu. 10 maulika gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya, amadAvAda 1947 bhAratI~~ 1948 sAhitya saMdha li. gurjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya khAlagAvi kuberadAsanI kuAM. ,, 19 1944 thI 1948 A uparAMta aMgrejI bhASAmAM rasAyaNazAstranA viSayamAM temaNe 45 sazodhanalekhA pragaTa karyA che, ane traNa pAThayapustaka lakhyAM che. ,,

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nAthAlAla bhANajI dave zrI. nAthAlAla davene janma saurASTramAM Avela bhuvA gAmamAM I. sa. 1912 nI trIjI jUne thayela. temanA pitAnuM nAma bhANajI kAnajI dave ane mAtAnuM nAma kasturabA. temanuM lagna I. sa. 1924 mAM zrI. narmadAbahena sAthe thayeluM che. temaNe prAthamika keLavaNI vatanamAM ane mAdhyamika kaMDalA tathA bhAvanagaramAM lIdhI hatI. I. sa. 1934 mAM bhAvanagaranI zAmaLadAsa kaoNlejamAMthI aMgrejI mukhya viSaya sAthe teo bI. e. mAM bIjA vargamAM pAsa thayA. ema. e. mAM gujarAtI mukhya viSaya laIne I sa. 1936 mAM teo vaDedarA kaoNlejamAMthI pAsa thayA. i. sa. 1943 mAM temaNe bI. TI. nI parIkSA paNa vaDedarAnI bI. TI. kolejamAMthI pAsa karI. I. sa. 1944 mAM temaNe amadAvAdamAM monTesorI saMcAlita bAlazikSaNakramanI tAlIma paNa lIdhI hatI. emane mukhya vyavasAya zikSakano che. amadAvAdanuM sI. ena. vidyAlaya, bhAvanagaranI AphreDa hAIskUla, sonagaDhanI gurukuLa hAIskUla- ema vividha zALAomAM temaNe zikSaka tarIke kAma karyuM che. te pachI thoDe vakhata saurASTra sarakAranA keLavaNI khAtAmAM kAma karIne hAla teo rAjakoTanI bArTana TreniMga kolejanA mukhya zikSaka tarIke kAma kare che. svAmI vivekAnaMda, ravIndranAtha TAgora, sara rAdhAkRSNana, rome relAM, kAkA kAlelakara, kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti vagere pratibhAzALI vibhUtionI uttama kRtioe temanA vyaktitva upara cirasthAyI chApa pADI che. emanA jIvanano uddeza pUrNatAnI prApti che. emanI akSarapravRttinA mULamAM temane hetu jIvananI tamAma zubha zaktione vikAsa sAdhIne paramatatvane sAkSAtkAra karavAno che, ema teo jaNAve che. kolejamAM hatA tyArathI ja temaNe dAMDIkUca vakhate AvelA rASTrIya juvALanA utsAhamAM rASTragIte racelAM. tyArathI kAvya temane priya sAhityaprakAra bane che. sAthe sAthe navalikA, nATaka ane vivecananAM kSetromAM paNa teo yathAprasaMga phaLa ApatA rahe che. emanA priya lekhaka ravibAbu che. emanA priya graMthe ravibAbune kAvyasaMgraha "saMcayitA" ane rame relAMkRta jIna kristopha' che. emanA

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 5, 10 priya abhyAsaviSaye baMgALI kAvyasAhitya, bhAratIya tattvajJAna, vijJAna ane mAnasazAstra che. A sarvanAM manana, parizIlananA pariNAme temane sarjanane uddeza satata UMce rahyo che. temane prathama kAvyasaMgraha " kAliMdI 'pite chapAvIne bahAra pADela. te saMgraha I. sa. 1942nA sarvottama kAvyasaMgraha tarIke mAnya vivecake taraphathI svIkAra pAmyo hato. temanAM kAvyanuM mukhya AkarSaNa geyatA, prasAda ane hRdayasparzatAmAM che. ravIndranAthane rahasyavAda temanAM kAvyomAM pratIta thato jaNAya che. vaNenuM sAmaMjasya ane saraLa bhAvanI laharIo temanAM kAliMdI" jevAM kAvyomAM anekhuM lAvaNya pIrase che, ane ghaNI vAra te vAcaka kAvyamAMnI arthacamatkRti karatAM zabdasauSThavanI mahAritAthI ja mugdha banI jAya che. vRddha kavi haragoviMda premazaMkaranA kAvyasaMgrahonA saMpAdanamAM temane kavi pratye AdarabhAva, temane nyAya apAvavAnI dhagaza ane kuzaLa kAvyabhoktA temaja vivaraNakAranI temanI zakti samajAya che. maulika katio kRtinuM nAma prakAra racanA prakAzana prakAzaka maulika, saMpA sAla sAla dana ke anuvAda 1. kAliMdI kavitA 1936 thI 1942 pate 2. mI. araviMda ciMtanA- 1942 1942 zrI. araviMda anuvAda yogadarzana tmaka lekha kAryAlaya, ANaMda 3. bhadrA navalikAo 940 thI 1945 Ara. Ara. zeThanI 1945 ku. muMbaI 4. navuM jIvatA , , , bhAratI sAhitya saMgha li. amadAvAda 5. svAtaMtrya- kavitA 1947 1947 saMsAra sAhitya prabhAta maMdira, vaDhavANa 6. rUbAIyAta ne ,, 1946 pote saMpAdana bIjAM kAvyo

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graMthakAra-kSatiAvati 7, venava nATaka 8. caMdragupta maurya kavitA ane khIjA' kAvyeA 9. sAhitya parAga 10. sAhitya pAThamAlA gadyapadya saMgraha 39 bhA. 1-2-3 (zrI. a bhANI sAthe) 11. virATa jAge nATaka 1947 1948 zrI. mukuMda pArArA, bhAvanagara peAte 1938 sAkaralAla vaheArA, bhAvanagara 1938 ecara meghajI enDa sanma, rAjakADha 1948 1948 sapAna pAne molika abhyAsa-sAmagrI 'kAliMdI mATe--1. 'prasthAnamAM' preA. a. ma. rAvaLanA lekha, 2. zrI. suMdarajI eTAine muMbaI reDiyA paraneA vArtAlApa. 3. 'prajAbaMdhu'. 4. 'phUlachAba'mAM zrI. medhANIneA lekha. 5. I. 1942nuM graMthasya vAmaca (zrI, suMdaram). 'bhadrA' ane 'navuM jIvatara' mATe-- i. sa. 1945nuM graMthastha vAya.'

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pannAlAla nhAnAlAla paTela lekhaka thavAne IjAre mAtra DIgrIdhArIone ja nathI lekhaka banavAne amuka prakAranI tAlIma, sagavaDa anukULatAo ke saMpatti joIe ja che evo dAvo karanArAone rA. pannAlAla ane rA. peTalIkara jevA gAmaDAne chAne khUNe besI lakhanArA sAmAnya mANase sacoTa javAba Ape che. rA pannAlAlane janma gujarAtanI pUrva sarahada para AvelA DuMgarapura rAjyanA nAnA gAmaDA mAMDalImAM I. sa. 1912nI 7 mI me nA roja AMjaNa nAmanI pATIdAranI lagabhaga nirakSara jevI kheDUta jJAtimAM thayele. temanA pitAnuM nAma nhAnAlAla khuzAlabhAI paTela ane mAtAnuM nAma hIrAbA. 14-15 varSanI kAcI umare 6-7 varSanI kanyA vAlIbena sAthe temanuM lagna thayuM hatuM, aMgrejI cAra dhoraNa sudhIno abhyAsa IDara sTeTanI e. vI. skUlamAM Azare I. sa. 1920-21 sudhImAM temaNe kareluM. tyAM temane mAsika rUA. 3nI ziSyavRtti maLatI, paraMtu Arthika muzkelIo khUba naDavAthI AgaLa abhyAsa karavAnuM temane choDI devuM paDeluM. ATaluM paNa te jayazaMkarAnaMda nAmanA eka sAdhunA prayAsathI bhaNI zakayA hatA. vepAra-nokarI aMge temane sArI peThe athaDAvuM paDayuM che. dArUnI bhaThThI upara, zaNavALAnA godAma upara, pANInI TAMkI upara, gharakhAtAnA kArakuna tarIke, ilekiTraka kaMpanImAM AIlamena tarIke-jude jude sthaLe ane samaye Ama vividha prakAranI nokarIo karIne temaNe jIvananA vividharaMgI anubhavo meLavyA che. kauTuMbika viTaMbaNA ane jIvaleNa mAMdagIoe temane satata zArIrika tema mAnasika yaMtraNAone anubhava karAvyo che. temane pustaka dvArA keLavaNI maLI nathI. paNa nakkara vAstavajIvanane sAkSAta paricaya karIne temaNe sarjanakSama anubhavasamRddhi prApta karI che. gujarAtI cothI copaDImAMthI ja kavi umAzaMkarane preraNAdAyI sAtha temane sAMpaDayuM hatuM. zrI. umAzaMkare rA. pannAlAlanI nisargadatta saundaryadaSTine sateja karI ane temane sAhityane zekha lagADe. kudarata ane gAmaDAnA preraka vAtAvaraNamAM temanuM bAlajIvana poSAyuM. A anubhavamAM navI daSTi, vicAra ane sAhityika vAtAvaraNa bhaLatAM temanI sarjakatA khIlI.

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graMthakAra-caritAvali mANasAInI upAsanA e A sAhityakAranA jIvanane mukhya uddeza che. mahAbhArata temane priya graMtha che. temane mana mahAbhArata mAtra ItihAsa nathI, kevaLa dhArmika graMtha nathI, paNa sAcAM anekaraMgI bhavya abhavya pAtronA jIvanakhela mATenI raMgabhUmi che. temano priya sAhityaprakAra navalakathA che. navalanA vizALa paTa para yadagyA viharavAmAM teo sarjakano AnaMda anubhave che. grAmajIvana emanAM lakhANono mukhya viSaya che. majuro, zramajIvIo, gumAstAo, kArIgare Adi zeSitonAM jIvana emane lekhana viSaya bane che. emane raziyana lekhake khUba game che. TaragenovanAM vAstavadarzI pAtro ane tenI kRtiomAM pratIta thatI jIvananI saccAIe rA. pannAlAlanA sAhityika Adarzane vikasAvavAmAM gaNanApAtra phALe Ave che. rA. munazInI navalee paNa vArtAkAra pannAlAlanA rucitaMtra para AchI pAtaLI chApa pADI che. temanI pahelI lAMbI vArtA "vaLAmaNa gati graMthamALA taraphathI Isa. 1940 mAM prasiddha thaI hatI. temAMnI baliSTha lokabolI, tAdaza samAjacitra ane jIvaMta pAtradarzanane kAraNe sva. meghANIe tene hoMzabhera satkArI hatI. pachI to temaNe saMkhyAmAM temaja guNavattA ubhayamAM uttarottara AgaLa vadhatI vAratAo ApIne adyatana gujarAtI vArtAkAromAM agragaNya sthAna prApta karyuM che. temanI "maLelA jIva" ane "mAnavInI bhavAI' zreSTha pratinI navale tarIke vividha vivecako taraphathI Adara pAmI che. gAmaDAMnI pATIdAra, vALaMda ne garAsiyA kemonI viziSTa rItinItio praNAlio ne khAsiyatanuM darzana karAvatAM mAnavIonAM haiyA temaNe khullA karyA che. diladilanI premabharI vAta kahetAM temaNe manuSyasvabhAvanI vividha vRttio ane saMskArane ukelI batAvyAM che. gadyazailInI surekhatA, ane anubhavanI saccAI vaDe teo zeSita janatAnuM hamadardIbharyuM citra upasAvIne mANasAInI ArAdhanAne ISTa hetu phalita karI batAve che. rA. pannAlAlanI sarjakatA, saMvedanazakti, saundaryadaSTi ane jIvananI anubhUti eTalI te tIrNa ne vizALa che ke je teo pitAnI keTalIka svabhAgavata ne rucigata lAkSaNika maryAdAone vaTAvI jAya ane vArtAkalAne jarA kaDaka kasoTIthI ghUTe te gujarAtanA gaNatara zreSTha navalakathAkAramAM temanuM sthAna nizcita bane.

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ko. graMtha ane thakAra pu. 10 katio kRtinuM nAma prakAra raca- prakAzana prakAzaka mai lika, saMpAdaka 2la sela ke anuvAda 1. sukhaduHkhanAM TUMkI vArtAo 1936 thI 1940 Ara. Ara. maulika sAthI. 1939 zeThanI ku. 2. bhIru sAthI navalakathA 1938-39 1942-43 , khaMDa 1- 2 . vaLAmaNAM lAMbI vArtA 1939 1940 gati prakAzana, amadAvAda, 4. maLelA jIva navalakathA 1940 1941 'phUlachAba' kAryAlaya, rANapura 5. jiMdagInA kI, vArtAo 1938-1941 yugadharma kAryAlaya, - muMbaI 6. jIvo dAMDa , 1940 194 gati prakAzana -amadAvAda | navalakathA 1942-42 1945 Ara. Ara. zeThanI bhA. 1-2 8. pAnetaranA raMga TUMkI vArtAo 1940-46 1946 9. surabhi navalakathA 1943 1945 bhAratI sAhitya saMdha li, amadAvAda 10. lakha corAsI TUMkI vArtAo 194-44 1844 >> 11. ajaba . 1944-46 1947 ena. AI. pI. mAnavI 12. mAnavInI navalakathA 1944-46 1947 Ara. Ara. zeThanI bhavAI bhA. 1 ku. 13. pAchale bAraNe lAMbI vArtA 1947 1947 gati prakAzana amadAvAda 14, sAcAM zamaNAM TUMkI vArtAo 1949 1949 bhAratI sAhitya saMgha li. abhayAsa - sAmagrI vaLAmaNAM' mATe-1. "Umi', eprila 1940. 2. paribhramaNa bhA. 1, "maLelA " mATe--- I. sa. 1941nuM graMtharatha vA maya (suMdam pAnetaranA raMga' mATe - 'mi', jAnyu 1947, "pAchale bAraNe mATe - , navembara 1947. mAnavInI bhavAI' mATe- "saMskRti' harSa 2. ( zrI. umAzaMkara ane suMdaramu" nAM avakane 'lakha corAsI' mATe-- 'mi', me 1945, sAcAM zamaNAM mATe- rekhA" jAnyu 150 - muMbaI

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puruSottama jogIbhAI bhaTTa zrI. puruSottama bhaTTane janma temanA mULa vatana rAMderamAM I. sa. 1877nA sapTembaranI 9 mI tArIkhe audIcya sahastra brAhmaNa jJAtimAM thayela. temanA pitAnuM nAma jogIbhAI ane mAtAnuM nAma dhanakara. temanuM prathama lagna . sa. 1886 mAM zrI. mahAlakSmI sAthe thaeluM. dvitIya lagna zrI. tArAgaurI sAthe I. sa. 1903 mAM ane tRtIya lagna I. sa. 1916 mAM zrI. nirmaLAgaurI vere thayeluM, paraMtu I. sa. 1938 mAM temano paNa svargavAsa thatAM hAla teo vidhurAvasthA bhogave che. prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zikSaNa temaNe rAMderamAM lIdheluM. dhoraNa 1 thI 4 tyAMnI khAnagI aMgrejI zALAmAM ane pa thI 7 suratanI mizana hAIskUlamAM teo bhaNyA hatA. i. sa. 1895 mAM te ja hAIskUlamAMthI teo maeNTrika pAsa thayA ane zALAmAM prathama naMbare AvavAthI pAritoSika prApta karyuM. tyArabAda I. sa. 1898 mAM aMgrejI ane saMskRta aisika viSayo laI temaNe bI. e. nI parIkSA vaDodarA kolejamAMthI bIjA vargamAM pasAra karI hatI. te ja kolejamAM teo phele nimAyelA. koleja choDyA pachI sarakArI mahesUlI khAtAmAM temaNe nokarI lIdhI hatI. nokarI aMge teo godharAmAM hatA tyAre kAyadAne abhyAsa zarU karyo. nokarI karatAM karatAM I. sa. 1915 mAM teo elaela. bI. thayA. nokarI daramiyAna mAmalatadAra, prathama varganA nyAyAdhIza ane kalekaTaranA ciTanIsa tarIke sArI kAmagIrI bajAvyA badala I sa. 1930 mAM teo nivRtta thayA tyAre sarakAre temane rAvasAhebane khitAba enAyata karyo hate. sarakArI nokarImAMthI nivRtta thayA bAda khaMbhAta rAjyamAM sAta varSa sudhI cIpha revanyu ophisara ane nAyaba divAna tarIke temaNe kAma karyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1939mAM tyAMthI nivRtta thayA tyArathI amadAvAdamAM kAyamanA nivAsa karIne teo zAMtimaya jIvana gALI rahyA che. sarakArI nokarI lekhanapravRttine anukULa nahi hovAthI sAhitya taraphanI abhiruci kaeNlejakALathI hovA chatAM temanI lekhanapravRtine pUre vikAsa thaI zakyuM nahi. lekhananI zarUAta temaNe koleja megejhInamAM gujarAtI tathA aMgrejI gadyapadya lekhe lakhIne karelI. saMskRta ane aMgrejI kAvyavAcanane khAsa zekha hoI temaNe vividha saMskRta . temaja aMgrejI kRtionA anuvAda paNa karavA mAMDayA. "sarasvatIcaMdranuM pUrvAsvAdana',

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A * graMtha ane graMthAra 5, 10 'narmadAdarzana' vagere gadyalekhe emanI UgatI sAkSaratAnA namUnA che. I. sa. 1915 mAM "bhAminIvilAsane samalaikI anuvAda temaNe karyo hato. yathAzakti jJAtisevA karavI ane vidyottejaka pravRttio calAvavI e temanuM mukhya dhyeya rahyuM che. temanA jIvana upara temanA pitA temaja moTAbhAI zrI. harikRSNanA dhArmika vicAro ane AdhyAtmika saMskAranI prabaLa asara paDI che. kaeNleja samaya daramiyAna pro. manubhAI naMdazaMkara mahetA ane zrI. araviMda ghoSe paNa temanA vyaktitva upara chApa pADelI. | sarvottama navalakathAkAra tarIke govardhanarAma, vedAMta saMbaMdhI lekha mATe maNilAla, vivecane mATe AnaMdazaMkara, nIti-bedha mATe dalapatarAma ane tatvajJAnanI kavitA mATe narasiMha ane ane temanA priya lekhake rahyA che. 'bhAgavata', 'sarasvatIcaMdra, ane zaMkarAcAryanA graMtha temane manananA mukhya viSaya rahyA che. kAvyo ane nibaMdha lakhavA tarapha temanuM khAsa valaNa che. dharma ane tattvajJAna temanA lekhananA mukhya viSayo che. dalapatarItinA kavi tarIke gayA jamAnAmAM je keTalAka kavio lokapriyatA pAmelA temAMnA eka zrI. bhaTTa paNa che. ziSTa ane saraLa bhASA, sugeya DhALa ane zuddha saMskRta vRttone upayoga karIne emaNe sahRdayane kAvyo dvArA dharmopadeza ApavAne noMdhapAtra prayatna karyo che. Aja sudhImAM pragaTa thayelI emanI vividha kRtio ane aneka apragaTa lekhe temanI lekhananiSThA ane utsAhanA sacoTa purAvArUpa che. kRtio katinuM nAma prakAra racanA- prakAzana- prakAzaka maulika saMpAdana sAla sAla ke anuvAda ? 1. bhAminI - kavitA 1902- 1915 maganalAla nabhe- anuvAda vilAsa 1901 rAma pAThaka 2. mayUradhvaja kavitA 1909 1923 pate maulika AkhyAna 3. bhIma cAturya ekAMkI 1912-13 1923 nATikA 4. gukhezvara stotra kAvya 1923 1923 anuvAda 5, kAvyagaMga 1915 thI 1925 bhA, 1-2-3 maulika 1924

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1925-26 1929 pite graMthA-caritAvali 1. vedamAdhurya maMtrI khaMDa 1-2 7. puruSasUkta gadya-padya ane yAjJavalkaya 8. karaMbhA kAvya mAkhyAna vedanI bacAono gadya anuvAda anuvAda 1926-27 129 1908 1936 maulika 1947 1947 1947 1949 9. kumachAyA kAvya 10. DAbA hAthane prahasana baLa nATikA 11, gAMdhIjInI kavitA prazasti 1948 apragaTa abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. "damAdhurya mATe, dI. ba. narmadAzaMkara mahetAne te ja pustakamAM mUkela "puraskAra. 2. machAyA' mATe, i. sa. 1947nuM graMthastha vAmaya.

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pUjAlAla raNachoDadAsa dalavADI hAla paMDIcerInA araviMdAzramamAM sAdhakanuM jIvana gALatA araviMdabhakta kavi pUjAlAlane janma I. sa. 1901 mAM 27mI jUne paMcamahAla jillAmAM AvelA godharAmAM prajApati jJAtimAM thayeluM. temanuM mULa vatana berasada tAlukAnuM gAma nApA. temanA pitAnuM nAma raNachoDadAsa lakSmIdAsa ane mAtAnuM nAma dhULIbAItemanAM lagna temanI 8-10 varSanI vaye zrI. DAhIbahena vere thayAM hatAM. prAthamika ane mAdhyamika keLavaNI temaNe godharAmAM lIdhelI. i. sa. 1918 mAM naDiyAdanI sarakArI hAIskUlamAMthI temaNe meTrika pAsa karI; pachI temaNe gujarAta kolejamAM inTara sAyansa sudhI abhyAsa karyo, paNa I. sa. 1922 mAM, nApAsa thavAthI, abhyAsa choDI dIdho. tyArabAda temanA jIvane na ja raMga dhAraNa karyo ane hAla te temanI kAryadizA gasAdhanA ane tene AnuSaMgika lekhanapravRtti che. temanA jIvana upara svAmI vivekAnaMde ane zrI rAmakRSNa paramahaMse prabaLa chApa pADI che. temanA aMtaranI IzvarAbhimukhatA keLavavAmAM A be tejasvI vibhUtioe agatyane phALo Apyo che. temanA mana para zrI. aMbAlAla purANIe dezabhakti, cAritrazuddhi ane vyAyAmavyAsaMganA UMDA saMskAro pADayA che. zrI. purANInI vyAyAmazALAnA hastalikhita mAsika ne dara ravivAre bharAtI sabhAe temanI lekhana ne ciMtanapravRttine piSI hatI. zrI. araviMda ane zrI. mAtAjInA AzramamAM emanI AdhyAtmika asarothI ane gUDha sahAyabhUta banela kRpAzakti vaDe kAvyakalA vikasI hovAnuM temanuM dRDha maMtavya che. sAdhanA temanI kavitAnuM mahAna preraka baLa che. sAcI lekhanakalA AzramajIvanane pariNAme ja temane hastagata thaI hovAnuM teo mAne che. huM paNa AvuM te lakhI zakuM" evA AtmavizvAsamAMthI prAraMbhAyelI temanI kAvyakalA Aje gujarAtanI navI kavitAmAM anokhI bhAta pADe che. temanA jIvanane parama uddeza pRthvIlokamAM paramAtmajIvananI siddhi meLavavAno che. lekhanapravRttimAM sahaja zakya hoya teTale aMze aMtarAtmAnI divya yAtrAmAM thatI anubhUtionI abhivyakti karI, AMtaradaSTie joyeluM,

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graMthakAra-paritAvila 1 anubhavelu' sa`gamya bane e umeda rUpe A sAdhaka kavinI kRtie pragaTa thatI jAya che. zrI. araviMda temanA priya sAhityakAra hoya e svAbhAvika che. A lAka ne paraleAkanAM gUDha satyAnI < Life Divine ' mAM apUrva sRSTi anubhavavA maLatI hovAthI zrI, araviMdane e gra Mtha temane priya che. paramAtma tarapha vaLelA AtmAnA sAhajika bhAvA--mAnavatAnI siddhi zabdomAM utAravAnI temane ciravAMchanA che. temanA abhyAsanA viSaya paNa te ja che. temanA prathama kAvyagraMtha 'pArinnata' I. sa. 1937 mAM pragaTa thayelA. temAM pratIta thatI kavinI bhAvanAmayaMtA, kalpanAsamRddhi ane bhaktinA eka ja bhAvanI vividha rIte paNa ekAgratApUrvaka thayelI gUthaNIne lIdhe prA. DAkAra, preA. vijayarAya, preA. viSNuprasAda ane preA. DolararAya jevA pratiSThita vivecake e" tene khUba Adara ApyA che. gujarAtI kavitAsAhityamAM Aje paNa temanI kavitAne sthira ane sAttvika prakAza tenI satata vikAsamAna sthitinI sAkSI pUre che. kRtinuM nAma 1, pArinnata 2. Lotus Petals 3. mAtAjInAM mAtI 4, gItikA 5. parama zeAdha 6. durgAstAtra 7. mAtAjInI rAsudhA prakAra kavitA aMgrejI kAvyA kavitA kavitA gadha 39 .. racanA sAla ? 1943 1943 1945 kRti "1 12944-45 1945 1946 prakAzana- prakAzaka sAkSa 1937 peAte 1943 zrI. aravidra 1944 1945 33 1946 Azrama, peAMDIcerI meAte jagannAya pUnalAla DaoNkaTara me te narena dAsagupta maulika sapAkana ke anuyAda? maulika 23 33 anuvAda maulika anuvAda 99 37

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- thatha ane cAra pu. 1 8. zubhAkSarI kavitA 1945 16 narena dAsagupta maulika 9, japamALA 1944 195 pote 10. UrmimALA , 1945 1945 pite 1. bAlaguMjAra , ? 1945 jIvana sAhitya maMdira, amadAvAda 12. kAvyakicerI ,, 1945-46 1946 yugAMtara kAryAlaya, surata , 13. navavarSIya gadya 1946 1946 zrI. araviMda Azrama prasa anuvAda prArthanAvali 14. Rosary aMgrejI kavitA 1945-46 1946 , maulika 15. prabhAta gIta kAvya 1946-47 1947 " " 16. ArAdhikA , 1947-48 1948 abhyAsa-sAmagrI pArijAta' mATe, . . ThAkoranI te pustakanI prastAvanA. 2. "vivecanA - prA. vi. 2. tri. 3. "kuliMga -bhA. 1-2. bI. zAtilAla ThAkara. * "prasthAna vaizAkha 19lpa, 5. paribhramaNa' bhA. 2. zrI. jhaveracaMda meghANI.

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malAda caMdrazekhara dIvAnajI . zrI. dIvAnajIne janma vaDanagarA nAgara gRhastha jJAtimAM I. sa. 1851nI 28mI jUnanA divase temanA mULa vatana suratamAM thayelo. temanA pitAnuM nAma zrI. caMdrazekhara ane mAtAnuM nAma zrI. IzAnagaurI. temanuM lagna I. sa. 1910mAM zrI. UrmilAdevI sAthe thayuM che. temaNe prAthamika zikSaNa bharUcanI myunisipala zALAmAM, mAdhyamika bharUca, naDiyAda ane suratanI hAIskUlamAM, ane ucca zikSaNa muMbaInI vilsana koleja tathA vaDodarA kaoNlejamAM lIdhuM hatuM. teo I. sa. 1905mAM bI. e., 1907mAM ema. e. ane 1908mAM muMbaInI le skUlamAMthI elaela. bI. thayA. 1912mAM te ja saMsthAmAMthI teo elaela. ema. paNa thayA. temaNe 19 09thI10 suratamAM vakIlAta karI; 1910-15 muMbaI hAIkorTamAM TrAnsaleTara ane InTaraprITara tarIke kAma karyuM ane 1915thI'40 sudhI nyAyakhAtAmAM ucca adhikArI tarIke kAmagIrI bajAvelI. temAMthI nivRtta thatAM 1940thI eNDavokeTa tarIke temane vyavasAya cAlu che ane temAMthI maLatA navarAzanA samayamAM teo zakya teTalI sAhityasevA kare che. lekhanapravRttinI zarUAta temaNe I. sa. 1915mAM 'navajIvana'mAM navajIvana ane satya' nAmane lekha ApIne ane " Indian Review'mAM Judicial administration in antimohomedan times' nAmane aMgrejI lekha lakhIne karI. tyArabAda aMgrejI-gujarAtI sAmAyikamAM lekha lakhIne ane gujarAtI sAhitya pariSado ke naDIAda, borasada, amadAvAda, valasADanAM sAhityamaMDaLo jevI saMsthAomAM abhyAsalekha vAMcIne ke vyAkhyAna ApIne potAnI lekhanapravRttine Aja sudhI temaNe sajIva rAkhI che. temanuM prathama pustaka 'Guide to the Bombay Presidency: I. sa. 1920mAM prasiddha thayeluM. zrI. haMsasvarUpa, zrI. saccidAnaMda, zrI. araviMda Adi yogIoe temaja sva. maNilAlata gItAnuM bhASAMtara, narasiMha mahetAnAM advaita vedAMtanAM pado, zrImadda bhagavaddagItA ne upaniSado, brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya, yogasUtra, haThaga pradIpikA, madhusUdana sarasvatInI gItA uparanI TIkA, advaitasiddhi, siddhAntabindu ane prasthAnabheda Adi dharma-tatvajJAnanA

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 pustakoe temanA vyaktitvanuM ghaDatara karyuM che. dharma-tattvajJAna emanA abhyAsa tathA lekhananA mukhya viSayo che. temane priya graMtha gItA che. zrI. ramaNa maharSi temanA ArAdhya guru che. itihAsa, nyAya, rAjabaMdhAraNa, samAjazAstra ItyAdine paNa saMgIna abhyAsa temaNe karyo che, jenA phaLarUpe te te viSayanA mananIya lekhe temaNe lakhyA che. . vizALa anubhavane kAraNe nivRtti bAda prApta thatI ucca adhikAra ke pagAranI nokarI nahi svIkAratAM mukhyatayA lekhanapravRtti dvArA janahita sAdhavAnuM ane garIbene yathAzakya madada karavAnuM lakSya temaNe rAkhyuM che. teo aneka sAhityika tathA sAMskArika pravRttio calAvatI saMsthAnA AjIvana sabhya che. temAM royala eziyATika sosAyaTI, bhAMDArakara rIsarca insTiTyUTa, InDiyana philesephikala koMgresa, ola inDiyA orIenTala konpharansa, gujarAta rIcarsa sesAyaTI, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA mukhya che. I. sa. 1945mAM trivendrama khAte bharAyela InDiyana philosophikala koMgresamAM hiMdI tavajJAna vibhAganA pramukha tarIke teo cuMTAyA hatA. kRtio prakAzana-sthaLa prakArAna-sAla tajhagAMva (tArA) 1920 kRtinuM nAma prakAra ke bhASA viSaya 1. Guide to pravAsa aMgrejI the Bombay Presidency 2. siddhAMtabiMdu vedAMta saMsakRta vaDedarA - aMgrejI jalagAMva, (pUrva khAnadeza) 1935 3. prasthAnabheda tatvajJAna saMskRta gujarAtI 8. Charitable size 24' & Religious Trusts Act, 1920 pa. vaizAlInI nATaka gujarAtI vanitA amadAvAda

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muMbaI zapakA-pitAvali 6. ramilApa nibaMdha, gujarAtI bhA. 1 vyAkhyAna 7. Bombay kAyado aMgrejI Agricultural Debtor's 1942 1942 ena. ema. tripAThInI kaM. muMbaI Relief Act, 1939 nyu buka ku. muMbaI 1942 1942 8. Indian hiMdI rAjaya-aMgrejI Political 0441729 Riddle muMbaI 9. critical hiMdI saMskRta word- tatvajJAna ane Index to aMgrejI the Bhaga vadgita with an introduction 10.The Bom- kAyadA aMgrejI ena. ema. tripAThInI ku. 1947 bay Agricul muMbaI tural Debtor's Relief legislation, 1939-'17. A sivAya graMthastha nahi thayelA 50 jeTalA temanA abhyAsa-lekhamAMthI keTalAka aMgrejI lekhe nIce ApavAmAM Ave che, je temanI vizALa vidvattAnA samartha purAvA rU5 che. temanI kRtio ne abhyAsa--lekhe batAve che ke vivAvyAsaMga emanA svabhAvane khAsa guNa che. keTalAka abhyAsa 1. Judicial Administration in Ancient India'. 2. Law of Evidence in Ancient India.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 5. 10 3. Madhusudana Saraswati : His life and works. 8. Date and Place of origin of the Yoga-Vasstiba. 4. Nagara Apabbrams'a and Nagari Script.' $. Influence of the Vedant Philosophy on Gujarati Literature. 4. Practical side of the Advaita Doctrine. <. Problem of Freedom in Indian Philosophy. 4. Further Light on the Date of the Yogavasistha. 10. Lankavatarasutra on Non-vegetarian Diet. 11. Text of the Laghu Yogavasistha. 27. Aspars'a Yoga of Gaudapada & S'ackar's $114816. 13. Three Gujarati Legal Documents of the Mogul Period. 18. Source of Legal obligation (Hindu Law ). 14. Origin of the Bhagavata :&: Jaipa Religions. 14. Analytical and Applied Psychology. 10. Pre-Historic Aryan settlements on the soil of Gujarat. vagere vagere, BH24121-2414212 1. 4244 As'_HIE, 'siyel' - DIST1047 1284. ( 81. bila salle deg 24qite).

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premazaMkara harilAla bhaTTa zrI. premazaMkara bhaTTane janma saMvata 1971nA bhAdaravA suda ekame saurASTranA prAMgadhrA rAjyamAM AvelA temanA vatana rAjasItApura gAmamAM audIcya sahastra brAhmaNa jJAtimAM thayelo. temanA pitAnuM nAma harilAla motIrAma bhaTTa ane mAtAnuM nAma godAvarIbahena. i. sa. 1938mAM zrI. savitAgaurI sAthe temanuM lagna thayeluM che. temaNe prAthamika keLavaNI dhrAMgadhrA rAjyanI judI judI gAmaThI zALAomAM ane mAdhyamika dhrAMgadhrAnI sara ajItasiMhajI hAIskUlamAM lIdhI hatI. i. sa. 1938mAM mukhya viSaya gujarAtI laIne bhAvanagaranI zAmaLadAsa kolejamAMthI teo bIjA vargamAM bI. e. pAsa thayA ane te viSayamAM prathama AvavA badala bhAvanagara sAhitya saMmelana taraphathI temane caMdraka maLyo hato. e ja kaoNlejamAMthI teo I. sa. 1940mAM ema. e. paNa bIjA vargamAM pAsa thayelA ane mukhya viSaya gujarAtImAM prathama varganA guNa meLavelA. ema. e. thayA pachI eka varSa temaNe muMbaInA bhAratIya vidyAbhavanamAM adhyApaka tarIke, pAMca varSa barmA zela kaMpanImAM prakAzanaadhikArI tarIke ane keTalAka samaya khAlasA kaoNlejamAM gujarAtInA, adhyApaka tarIke kAma karyuM hatuM. tyArabAda muMbaImAM siddhArtha kolejanI sthApanA thaI tyArathI teo te kolejamAM gujarAtInA mukhya adhyApakanuM kArya karI rahyA che. kizora vayamAM temanA mitra zrI. lAbhazaMkara zukala sAthe hAthe caDayuM te tamAma sAhitya temaNe vAMcI kADheluM. meTrika thayA pachI zAmaLadAsa kolejanA gujarAtInA adhyApaka zrI. ravizaMkara joSIe temanA vAcanane vyavasthita karyuM ane lekhanakArya mATe temane protsAhana ApIne sAhityasevAnI laganI lagADI. e sAhityaprIti ane niSThAne vaza thaIne ja Arthika dRSTie sArI gaNAya tevI barmA zela kaMpanInI nokarI choDI daIne adhyApananuM kArya temaNe svIkAryuM che. kaeNlejanI kArakidI daramiyAna kAvyaracanA ane vivecanakAryamAM temane che. joSInuM uttama mArgadarzana sAMpaDayuM hovAthI kavi ane vivecaka tarIke

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58 . graMtha ane graMthakAra 5. 20 temaNe pragati karelI che. kavi tarIke hRdayanI saMvedanAone madhura vANImAM vyakta karavAnI kuzaLatA temaNe siddha karI batAvI che. kalpanAtaraMge, bhASAnI kumAza, ane geya DhALa tarapha temanuM valaNa vadhu che. temanAM vivecane manahara bhASAmAM, zilIne raMgIna banAvavAnI satata kALajI rAkhIne lakhAyelA kartA ke kRti paranA abhyAsa-lekhe che. kRtio kutinuM nAma prakAra prakAzana prakAzaka maulika che " saMpAdana 1. cayanikA kAvyasaMgraha 1942 kavitA kAryAlaya, muMbaI saMpAdana 2. dharitrI , 1943 sI. zAMtilAla enDa ku. maulika muMbaI 3. madhuparka vivecanasaMgraha 1947 4. jIvataranI navalakathA 1948 >> sAla abhyAsa-sAmagrI dharitrI - 'mi mArca 1934. ' maNupa-saMskRti' varSa-2, , ; eprila, 1948,

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phirojha kAvasajI dAvara zAMtapaNe varSothI aMgrejInA adhyApakanuM kA bajAvatA prA. hAvarA janma I. sa. 1892mAM ahamadanagaramAM pArasI jathAztI kAmamAM thayelA. temanu mULa vatana te surata paNa lagabhaga Akhu jIvana temaNe amadAvAdamAM pasAra kayuM che. temanA pitAnuM nAma kAvasajI DAsAbhAI dAvara ane mAtAnuM nAma dInakhAI. I. sa. 1933mAM temaNe zrI. sunAbAi sAthe lagna kareluM che. adhyayana jemanuM AjIvana dhyeya rahyuM che tevA A vidvAna adhyApakanuM vidyArthI jIvana tejasvI hatuM. gujarAta kolejamAMthI I. sa. 1912mAM temaNe bI.e.nI parIkSA bIjA vargAmAM pasAra karI ane kaoNlejamAM prathama naMbare AvatAM te tenA dakSiNA leA nimAyA, ema. e. paNa te ja kaoNlejamAMthI I sa. 1913mAM khInna vargomAM pasAra karI. mukhya viSaya aMgrejImAM AkhI yunivarsiTImAM sauthI vadhu guNa meLavyA hAi sara laoNrensa jenkInsa ziSyavRttinA kharA adhikArI te hatA paNa te mATe arajI na karatAM te ziSyavRtti temane maLI nahi. gema, e sudhInI tamAma parIkSAmAM phArasImAM paNa prathama vanA guNa temaNe meLavelA. tyArabAda i. sa. 1916mAM temaNe elaela, khInI parIkSA mubaInI sarakArI lo kolejamAMthI bIjA vargamAM pasAra karI hatI ane ema. ema. anAjI pAritoSika meLavyuM hatuM. adhyayana ne adhyApananI pravRttimAM khUba rasa hAvAthI vidyAthI tarIkenI kArakidI samApta karI ke tarata ja I. sa. 1916-18mAM amadAvAdanI neTiva insTiTyUzana nAmanI zALAnA heDamAstara tarIke teo niyukta thayA. tyArabAda i. sa.1918thI'ra0 sudhI pUnAnI Dekakana kaeNoNlejamAM, ane i. sa. 1920thI'47 sudhI satata . amadAvAdanI gujarAta kaoNlejamAM temaNe aMgrejI bhASA-sAhityanA adhyApaka tarIke prazasta kAM karyuM`. I. sa.1947mAM sarakArI nekarImAMthI nivRtta thatAM tee amadAvAdanI zeDa lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI ArTsa kaeNlejamAM aMgrejInA adhyApaka tarIke joDAine Aje paNa peAtAnuM iSTa zikSaNakArya niSThApUrNAMka bajAvI rahyA che. emanA jIvanane dhaDanArI preraka vyaktie misisa enI bIsenTa ane svAmI vivekAnaMda jevI dhArmika vibhUti che. vidyAthIkALa daramyAna -

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 emanI jJAnapipAsA eTalI te jAgrata hatI ke te kALa pUro thatAM temane buddhikoSa virala khaMta ane niSThAthI karelA vividha viSayonA vAcanamananathI samRddha bane. thiyosophI ane gItAnA parizIlane temanA jIvana-uddezane ghaDo che. temane jIvana- uddeza adhyApana dvArA ucca vicAro rajU karI saMskAra, saMyama, cAritra ane jJAnane vidyArthIo dvArA samAjamAM phelA karavAno che. sAhityane hetu mAtra jIvana-ulAsa nathI paraMtu jIvana-utkarSa paNa che, e emanI mAnyatA che. vidyArthIone parIkSA pasAra karavAmAM madada karavI tenA karatAM temane ucca jIvana jIvatAM zIkhavADavuM e vadhu iSTa che; jJAna ApavuM chatAM vidyAthIonAM vRtti valaNa ne cAritra pratye durlakSa sevavuM e temanI kusevA karavA barAbara che; prabhu ane dharmamAM UMDI zraddhA rAkhyA vinA nItina pAyo daDha raheto nathI; nIti ane cAritra vinAnA vidvAne tela vinAnA dIvA jevA che. A ane AvA siddhAMto dvArA phalita thate adhyApanano Adarza amalamAM mUkavAnA temaNe jIvanabhara samartha prayatna karyA che. yuvAnImAM zekasapiyara, mekole ane Tenisane ane tyArabAda adyApi paryata emarsana, DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ane AcArya dhruve temanA priya lekhakenuM sthAna lIdhuM che. Do. rAdhAkRSNananI pratibhA ane zailInA camakAre, emarsananI vicAragahanatAe ane AcArya dhruvanI tulanAtmaka abhyAsa ane zAMta mAdhuryayukta vidvattAe emanA mAnasa para sacoTa chApa pADI che. kizorAvasthAmAM "arebiyana nAITsa', "gulIvarsa TrAvelsa', "Dena kavITa' jevAM pustake-te pachInA kALamAM phiradausInuM "zAhanAme' ane TenisananAM kAvya temane priya banyAM che. TenisananuM "Ina memeriyama' temanuM mAnItuM pustaka che. emAMnI UMDI dhArmikatA ane suMdara zalI pratye temane khUba pakSapAta che. emanA priya sAhityaprakAro itihAsa, jIvanacaritra ane Atmacaritra che. prajAo ane mahApuruSoe kaI rIte musIbatane sAmano karyo ane mahattA prApta karI tenA abhyAsamAM temane UMDe rasa che. IrAnane ItihAsa, tene prAcIna dharma, philasUphI, saMskRtine abhyAsa, tulanAtmaka dharmAbhyAsa ane rahasyavAda tarapha temane svAbhAvika AkarSaNa che. temaNe lekhanapravRttinI zarUAta I. sa. 1925mAM "sAMja vartamAna'nA patetI khAsa aMkamAM lekha ApIne karI. tyArathI dara varSe e patranA

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graMthakAra-thApitAvali patetI aMkamAM teo niyamita lekha ApyA karatA hatA. temanuM prathama pustaka-"ArTa enDa morelITI enDa adhara esejha'-aMgrejI bhASAmAM I. sa. 1935mAM pragaTa thayuM. emanuM lekhaka thavAnuM mukhya kAraNa AnaMdaprApti uparAMta svavicArene vyakta karI yathAzakti vicArasAhityamAM phALo Apa ane te dvArA samAjane vicArato kara e che. teo amadAvAdanI gujarAta sAhitya sabhA 'ne ane "gujarAta vidyAsabhA nA AjIvana sabhya che. temanAM pustako mukhyatve dharma, tatvaciMtana ane jarathostI saMskRti uparanAM che. ciMtana ane bedhanA ucca sAhityamAM temaNe amUlya phALe Apyo che. svastha, zAMta chatAM ya preraka vicAraNA ane aMtarane ujajavala prakAza ApaNane temanA nibaMdhomAMthI maLe che. tAjetaramAM gujarAta vidyAsabhA taraphathI pragaTa thayela "mota para manana ' nAmano temane maulika ciMtana ane vidvattApUrNa graMtha AnA samartha purAvArUpa che. pro. dAvarane A graMtha gujarAtI bhASAnA mRtyuviSayaka sAhityane samRddha kare tevo che. A eka ja graMtha gujarAtI sAhityamAM temane sthAna apAvavA basa che. kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra racanA sAla prakAzana prakAzaka molika, ke sala saMpAdana ? 1. Art & abhyAsalekha 1928 thI 1935 DI. bI. tApora- maulika Morality 1935 vAlA enDa sansa mu baI & otber Essays 2. jarathostI nibaMdha 1943 1943 "bajhame-jarane rUjhe saMpAdana ane bahAI dharmo baherAma' amadAvAda : upara prakAza pADatA lekha 3. meta para prabaMdha 1944 1947 gujarAta vidyAsabhA maulika manana amadAvAda abhyAsa-sAmagrI meta para manana' mATe-1. I. sa. 1947nuM graMthastha vAmaya. 1. "prajAbaMdhu'nuM avalokana. 3. 'rekhA' eprila, 1948.

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mAMlAbhAi vIracaMda desAi 'jayabhikhkhu'nA takhallusathI vArtA lakhatA zrI. bAlAbhAI desAI nA janma saurASTramAM AvelA jasadaNa tAlukAnA vIMchiyA gAmamAM vi. saM. 1964nA jeDa vadI 13 te divase vIzA zrImALI jaina jJAtimAM thayelA. temanA pitAnuM nAma vIracaMda hemacaMda desAI ane mAtAnuM nAma pACtIbahena. temanuM mULa vatana sAyalA. temanAM lagna zrI, jayAbahena sAthe I.sa. 1930mAM thayelAM che. prAthamika zikSaNa uttara gujarAtamAM AvelA vIjApura gAmamAM lai temaNe traNa agrejI sudhIne! abhyAsa amadAvAdamAM zeTha lallubhAI rAyajInI eNDiMgamAM rahIne karyA. tyArabAda muMbai jai zrI. vIratattva prakArAka maDaLa nAmanI jaina saMsthAmAM aMgrejI temaja sa MskRta sAhityanA temaNe abhyAsa karyA. tyAMthI kAzI ane AgrAmAM keTalAka vakhata rahyA bAda temaNe gvAliyaramAM AvelA zivapurInA gurukuLamAM saMskRta nyAyazAstra ane jaina AgamAnA abhyAsa karyAM ane kalakattA saMskRta esasIezananI upAdhi 'nyAyatI' ane guru kuLanI upAdhi 'ta bhUSaNa' temaNe prApta karI. A vakhate darzanazAstra ane kAvyazAstrane paNa temaNe UMDA abhyAsa karyAM. hAla te amadAvAdanA zAradA mudraNAlayanuM saMcAlana kare che * gvAliyaranA gurukuLanuM vAtAvaraNa, tyAM prApta karela. jaina dharmanA upadezaka tarIkenA zikSaNAnubhava, yuropIya vidvAna DaoN. krAujha sAthene sapa ane aMgrejI, baMgALI, marAThI, urdU ane saMskRta sAhitya parithaya temanA vyaktitvane ghaDanArAM preraka maLe che. e uparAMta temanA vyaktitva upara sva. zaiva narAme temanI kRti 'sarasvatIcaMdra' dvArA sArI asara karI che. temane graMthakAra tarIke bahAra lAvavAno yaza 'ravivAra' sAptAhikane phALe jAya che. pa...tunA dhaMdho nahi rucavAthI ane aMtaranI Akasmika preraNAthI pAtAnAM maMtavyone rajU karavAnA suMdara vAhana tarIke lekhana iSTapravRtti hAvAthI te pravRttine temaNe badhA tarIke apanAvI che. temanA lekhanano mukhya Azaya sAMpradAyika tattvAne vizALa mAnavatAmAM lai jaIne cavAne hAya che; temaNe vikramAditya haimU'mAM muslima dharma, 'premabhakta kavi jayadeva'mAM vaiSNava dharma, 'RSabhadeva' mAM mAnavadharma

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thA-caritAvali ane "kAmavijetA sthUlibhadra jainadharma aMgenI carcAomAM A hetune temaNe suMdara rIte caritArtha karI batAvyo che. jIvanamAM maLela viziSTa khAsiyatavALAM mAnavane sAhityamAM sAkAra karavAnuM temane bahu game che. jIvanamAM emane thayela nekI, vaphAdArI ane pAradarzaka sahRdayatAnA anubhavane cItaratAM temanuM sarjaka mAnasa saLe kaLAe khIlI UThe che. juvAnane masta jIvanarasa pAya ane kizorone sAhasika parAkramo karavA prere tevI sattvapUrNa vArtAo racIne preraka navalakathAkAra tarIkenuM kartavya temaNe prazasya rIte bajAvyuM che. kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra prakAzana-- prakAzaka mauli saMpAdana sAla ke anuvAda? 1. vidyArthI vAcana- bAla- 1933 thI 1939 dhIrajalAla Te. 70 pustikAo mALA-200 sAhitya zAha, vaDodarA maulika pustikAo bAkInInuM saMpAdana 2. bhAgyavidhAtA navalakathA 1936 "ravivAra kAryAlaya maulika muMbai . . . . 3. mI. cAritravijaya caritra 1936 caritra mAraka graMthamALA , viramagAma 4. kAmavijetA navalakathA 1942 - sArAbhAI navAba yUlibhadra bI.A. 1947 amadAvAda 5 maharSi metAraja 1942 bI.A. 1947 6. bhagavAna rASabhadeva 1947 'yazovijaya jenA graMthamALA, amadAvAda 7. pramabhakta kavi navalakathA 1947 gurjara graMtharatna kA. jayadeva amadAvAda 8. upavana navalikAo 1944 gurjara graMtharatna kA. amadAvAda 2. pArakA gharanI lakSmI , 1946 , , 1, beThe baLa bI.A. 1946 198

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 5, 10 15. magadharAja navalakathA 1978 gurjara graM. 2. kA, maulika bI. A. 1944 amadAvAda 12. jhAMsInI rANI caritra 1946 13. kasturabA , 1946 14. vIradharmanI vAta jaina kathAo 1947-1949 15. bhAga 1-2 16. javAMmarda sAhasa kathA 1939 bI.A. 1946 17. eka kadama Age ,, 1946 18. hiMmate mardA , 1948 19. gaI karI , 1949 20. vikramAditya hema navalakathA 1948 : bI.A. 1948 21. bhAgyanirmANa . 1949 22. matsya-galAgala , 1950 23. mAdare vatana navalikAo , 24 buddhisAgara caritra che. abhyAsa-sAmagrI temanI hare kRtinA avakana mATe te te sAlanAM pragaTa thayelAM gujata sAhitya sabhAnAM graMthastha vAkya jevAM.

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maganabhAI bhUdharabhAi paTela < patIla ' ane ilesarI 'ne nAme masta zailInA kAvyo racanAra zrI. maganabhAI paTelanA janma I. sa. 1906mAM leuA pATIdAra jJAtimAM temanA mULa vatana a`kalezvaramAM thayelA. temanA pitAnuM nAma bhUdharabhAi jayarAmabhAi ane mAtAnuM nAma bhUrIbahena. temanuM lagna mAtra cha varSoMnI umare I. sa. 1912mAM zrI. caMcaLalakSmI vere thayeluM, paNa temane svargavAsa thatAM hAla te vidhurAvasthA gALe che. * prAthamika pAMca dhAraNA sudhInuM zikSaNa aMkalezvaranI mukhya skUlamAM temaNe lIdheluM. I. sa. 1924mAM tyAMnI myunisipala hAIskUla (hAlanI che. ena. jInavAlA hAiskUla) mAMthI teo meTrika pAsa thayelA. pachIthI te AgaLa abhyAsa karI zakayA nahi. tyArabAda udaranirvAha arthe temaNe nAkarI svIkArI;--je lekhanakA'mAM aMtarAyarUpa hovAnI temanI satata phariyAda che. I. sa. 1930mAM pre. rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAr3aka sAthe temane prathama paricaya thayeA. preA. pAThaka dvArA - preA. baLavaMtarAya ThAkAra vagere sAkSaroe temanI kavitAone satkArIne uttejana ApyuM. gujarAtImAM kavitAracanAnA prayAga temaNe prathama te aMgrejImAM aMgrejI paddhatinAM kAvyo lakhavAnI ramata karatAM karatAM karelA; paNa jema jema temanI kAvyamastI gujarAtI bhASAmAM : UchaLatI cAlI ane mAnya vivecakAe temanI kavitAne Adara ApyA tema tema kAvyakalAnI hatheATI temane siddha thatI gai. temanA jIvanane mukhya uddeza che saMsAranAM trividha sukhAnA anubhava karavAno. kAvyapravRtti dvArA te uddezane pAra pADavAnA akhatarA teo karI rahyA che. temanA priya kavi khAyarana che. mAyarananA jevAM paritApa pAte paNa anubhavatA hovAthI tenI mastI ane raMgInatA tarapha potAne khUba AkaNu hovAnuM teo kahe che. temane sauthI priya graMtha che cAIlDaherAlDanI yAtrA'. emane priya kAvyaprakAra gajhala che--jo ke khIjA kAvyaprakArAnA prayAgA paNa teo kare che. temane managamatA lekhanaviSaya prema che, kema enA nirUpaNamAM yathAkrame jJAnanAM badhAM agA mechevatte aMze samAi jAya che ema temanuM dRDha matavya che. dezadezanI kavitA mATe temane licazpI T

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graMtha ane graMthakAra 5. 10 che. jagatabharanI kavitAnA abhyAsa dvArA vividha prayogo karI gujarAtI kavitAne unnata banAnavAnA utkaTa abhilASa teo dharAvI rahyA che. temaNe sauprathama "narmadAne nAmanuM kAvya "prasthAna'mAM I. sa. 1931nI sAlamAM pragaTa karyuM hatuM. tyArathI avAranavAra gujarAtanAM ghaNuM kharAM sAmayikomAM temanAM kAvya pragaTa thatAM rahyAM che ane juvAna vAcaka varSanA AkarSaNano viSaya banyAM che. keTalAka samaya temaNe suratanA dainika patra "gujarAtanA sAhityavibhAganuM saMpAdana karyuM hatuM. A patramAM "yazebAlA', "snehanaiyA', "jayasenA' ane 'nIlapadma' jevAM takhalusothI haLavA lekha, vivecane ane prAsaMgika TIkAo temaNe lakhelAM. che. ThAkare "ApaNI kavitAsamRddhinI bIjI AvRttimAM ane navIna kavitA vize vyAkhyAne-mAM adyatana kAvyaprakAro ane zilInuM avalokana karatAM zrI. patalanI keTalIka kRtione daSTAMta tarIke laIne tenI lAkSaNiktAo batAvI che. temanI kavitA adyatana kavitApravAhamAM navI ja bhAta pADe che. gajhalanA DhALamAM temanI romenTika prakRti navA navA AsamAnI raMge pakaDI lAve che ane dilanI vedanAo, khumArI, phakIrI ane mahebatanA kaDavA mIThA jAma temanI kavitA beparavAIthI DhaLatI rahe che. temanI kAvyabhAvanA phArasI ane madhyakAlIna kavitAne bulaMda paDagho pADe che. * kRtio '. kRtinuM nAma prakAra racanA- prakAzana- prakAzaka maulika ke anuvAda 1. prabhAtanarmadA kA I. 1931 thI I. sa. 1940 pate maulika - 1940 pragaTa thayelAM kAma karatAM ghaNI moTI saMkhyAmAM apragaTa kAvya temanI pAse paDelAM che, abhyAsa-sAmagrI prabhAtanarmadA' mATe-I. sa. 1940nuM graMthastha vAlmaya. sAla sAla

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maganalAla lAlabhAI desAI kolaka'nA nAmathI kAvyeAne pravAha vahAvatA A kavine janma surata jillAnA pAraDI tAlukAnA seAnavADA gAmamAM anAvila brAhmaNa jJAtimAM I. sa. 1914nA me mAsanI 30mI tArIkhe thayelA. temanA pitAnuM nAma lAlabhAI bhagavAnajI desAI ane mAtAnuM nAma tApIbahena. temanu mULa vatana surata jillAnuM gAma cUkavADA. temanuM lagna I. sa. 1929 mAM zrI. maNibahena sAthe thayeluM che. temanA abhyAsa prIviyasa sudhInA che. meTrikanI parIkSA temaNe muMbaInI bAi kakhIbAi hAiskUlamAMthI i. sa. 1933mAM pasAra karI hatI. e parIkSAmAM temanI zALAnA 70 vidyArthIomAM te prathama AvelA. teo hAlamAM vengA sTuDIjhanA jAherakhabara vibhAgamAM kAma kare che ane kavitA' mAsikanuM taMtrIpada saMbhALe che. ' pahelAM theADAka vakhata mAdhurI' nAmanu traimAsika paNa temaNe calAveluM. te meTrikamAM hatA tyArathI kavitAo-gItA vagere racatA., kavi khabaradAranAM kAvyAnA vAcanamanane tema kavizrInA nikaTa paricaye temanI lekhanapravRttine vizeSataH uttejI che. 3 temanAM priya pustakAmAM TenisananuM ' ina memeriyama ', kavi khabaradAranuM darzanikA ', eMnuM * elijI rITana ina e kanTrI cayADa' kAlidAsanuM medUta ' ane gAMdhIjInI AtmakathA mukhya che. kAvyavAcana jIvananI viSamatAne ghaDIbhara bhulAvI zake che eTale kavitA mATe peAtAne pakSapAta che ema te kahe che. temanA priya abhyAsaviSayeA AtmakathA, itihAsa ane kAvyazAstra che. . ( * temanuM prathama pustaka priyA~~~Agamana nAme eka khaMDakAvya, I. sa. 1937mAM pragaTa thayeluM. I. sa. 1946mAM rA. m kamaLAzaMkara trivedI vyAkhyAnamALAnA upakramathI suratamAM 'kavitA' upara vyAkhyAna ApavAnuM viziSTa mAna temane maLyuM hatuM. teo vilepArlenI sAhitya sabhA, muMbaI lekhakamilana vagere saMsthAenI kA vahI samitinA sabhya che. < temanI kavitAmAM bhagnahRdayanA pralApa saMbhaLAya che. kavinA citta upara khabaradAranI taragalIlA ane bhASAlAlityanA prabhAva paDelA che. kavinA vividha chaThThA paranA kAbU, prazasya che.

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sAla 1977 pite graMtha ane graMthakAra rU. 10 * kRtio * * kRtinuM nAma prakAra prakAzana prakAzaka maulika ke anuvAda? 1. priyA-Agamana khaMDakAvya sI. jamanAdAsa maulika enDa kuM. muMbaI 2. sAdhyagIta kAvyo 1938 3. svAti , 4. prema-dhanuSya saLaMga kAvya 1942 - abhyAsa-sAmagrI temanA jIvana temaja sAhitya mATe-1. "cayanikA ne upadaghAta. 2. sAcagInI prastAvanA. sAdhyagI" mATe- Urmi, mArca 1939. prema dhanuSya mATe-mi eprila 19 5. A uparAMta gujarAta sAhityasabhAnAM vAma.

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manasukhalAla maganalAla jhaverI kAvyo, vivecanalekha ane adhyApanakAryathI gujarAtamAM jANItA thayelA zrI. manasukhalAlano janma I. sa. 1907nA okaTobara mAsanI trIjI tArIkhe jAmanagaramAM thayelA. temanA pitAnuM nAma maganalAla jhaverI ane mAtAnuM nAma jaDAvabahena. temanI jJAti nAgorI vaNikanI. I. sa. 19ra7mAM zrI. hasamukhagaurI sAthe temanuM lagna thayeluM che. jAmanagaranI tAlukA hAIskUlamAM prAthamika zikSaNa laI tyAMnI vibhAjI iMgliza skUla ane navAnagaranI hAIskUlamAM temaNe mAdhyamika zikSaNa prApta karyuM. 1931 mAM meTrikanI parIkSA pasAra karI bhAvanagaranI zAmaLadAsa kelejamAM temaNe ucca abhyAsa karyo. tyAMthI 1935mAM gujarAtI ane saMskRta aMcchika viSaya laIne bI. e.mAM prathama vargamAM pasAra thavAthI temane pItAMbaradAsa pAritoSika, tathA lorDa northakeTa, gaurIzaMkara ane bhAvanagara sAhitya pariSadanA caMdraka enAyata thayA temaja be varSa mATenI kelejanI phalezipa paNa prApta thaI tyArabAda I. sa. 1937mAM ema. e.mAM gujarAtI mukhya viSaya laIne teo bIjA vargamAM uttIrNa thayA. pachIthI thoDAMka varSo muMbaInI rUIA kolejamAM ane rAjakoTanI dharmendrasiMhajI kolejamAM gujarAtInA adhyApaka tarIke kAma karIne hAla teo muMbaInI senTa jhevIarsa kolejamAM te ja viSayanA adhyApaka tarIke kAmagIrI bajAvI rahyA che. temanA jIvana upara sauthI vadhu prabaLa asara pADanAra temanA mamatALa ane buddhizALI dAdAjI zrI. harajIvanadAsa ratanazI jhaverI ane temanA guru zrI. rAmezvaradatta zarmA-e be vyaktivizeSo ane "zrImad bhagavaddagItA" tathA "sarasvatIcaMdra' e be graMthamaNio cheH temanA jIvanane uddeza temanI kAvyabhAvanA dvArA te kahI jAya che. "sAmAnyanA rAga ne TheSa vacce rAkhI . haiyApAMkhaDIne aDela, AtmA karI varSathI satkalAne." temano priya lekhaka malidAsa, mAnI graMtha "bhagavaddagItA', managamate sAhityaprakAra kAvya, ane priya abhyAsaviSaya kalAmImAMsA che. hAIskUlanA chaThThA dhoraNa pachI cha varSa lagI temaNe abhyAsa tajI

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graMtha ane graMthakAra pu. 10 dIdhela hovA chatAM temanuM valaNa hamezAM abhyAsazIla rahyuM hatuM. bAra-tera varSanA teo hatA tyArathI chAne khUNe nAnAM moTAM mAsikamAM gadyapadya lakhANe ApavAnuM zarU kareluM. temaNe racelA pahelA padyanI paMkti karI che bela para savArI, are bhUtanAtha bhikhArI!'-mahAdevanI stuti mATenI hatI. paMdara varSanI umare jAmanagaramAMthI pragaTatA "aMkuza' nAmanA sAmayikamAM vividha lekhakanAM pustakamAMthI vINelA suvicAre sujJAnamALA" zIrSaka heThaLa teo ApatA hatA. tyArabAda "raMgarAga' nAmanA eka sAptAhikamAM keTalIka vArtAo paNa temaNe chapAvelI hatI. emanuM prathama kAvya "satIne zApa" "hiMdustAna prajAmitra'nA. dIpotsavI aMkamAM pragaTa thayuM hatuM. Ama uttarottara ziSTa mAsikomAM temane sthAna maLavA lAgyuM, tevAmAM ja temanA guru zrI. rAmezvaradatta zarmAe saMskRta sAhityane temane rasa cakhADavAne pariNAme teo kAlidAsa ane bhavabhUtinAM kAvyanATakonA rasika abhyAsI banyA. AnA phaLarUpe temanI prathama graMthAkAre chapAyelI kRti "rAmasaMhitA'mAM dharmagraMtha ne purANomAMthI vINelA kenAM ziSTa ne pravAhI bhASAMtare, "samajJAna rAvata ne "zApita zakuMtalA 'nA nAme anuvAda ane "meghatUtanI anukRti rUpe "caMdradata " nAmanuM kAvya gujarAtI sAhityane maLyAM. temanAM kAvyonI zuddhi tarapha temanuM prathama vAra dhyAna doranAra zrI. rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka hatA. ' temanI vidvattA ane klApriyatAthI hAla teo gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada, gujarAta lekhaka milana, muMbaI lekhaka milana, P. H. N. gujarAtInA adhyApakone saMdha Adi saMsthAo sAthe sakriya sabhya tarIke saMkaLAyelA che. temanI moTA bhAganI kRtionA prakAzaka teo jAte ja banyA che; kemake temanI agAunI kRti "zApita zakuMtalA' pragaTa karatAM prakAzAnI vepArI vRttine pitAne kaDavo anubhava thayo hato ema teo raMgIna ane vAstavalakSI karatAM vizeSe karIne ziSTa ane bhAvanApradhAna kAvyakatione prauDha ane prAsAdika saMskRta bhASA-sAhityanA saMskAravALA svastha ane bAju bhASA-zailImAM nirUpIne zrI. manasukhalAle navIna gujarAtI kavisamudAyanI prathama paMktimAM sthAna prApta karyuM che. temanAM vivecane rasika ane kuzaLa abhyAsanA, lalita ane saMmAjita relImAM lakhAyelA, kartA, kRti ke vAdacarcA uparanA mananIya abhyAsalekhe che.

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prathA-caritAli kRtinuM nAma 1. rAmasaMhitA prakI` zlAka 1926 (prathama vibhAga) saMgraha nATaka 2. zApita zakuMtalA 8. dAmaskanya prakAra 3. caMdrata 4. abhimanyu .. 5. rAmasa'hitA prakIrNa (dvitIya vibhAga) 6 phUladola 7. mArAdhanA (a. 1thI 25) khaDAvya eAsa graha kAgasa graha '9 kAvya 9. gheADA vivecana- vivecana gukhA 50. gujarAtI bhASAnuM pAya vyAkaraNa ane pustaka lekhana 11. abhisAra kAvya saMgraha racanA sAkSa 1927 1929 1929 1926 ? ? ? ? ? 1942 ti prakAzana sAla 1926 1927 1929 1929 1929 12933 1939 prakAzaka maulika sapAdana ke anuvAda te anuvAda Ara. Ara. zeDanI anuvAda kaMpanI, muMbai te peAte 1947 ". Ara. Ara. zeThanI kuAM. muMbaI 1942 kritAbadhara, rAjakeTa 1944 pAte 1946 verA enDa kaMpanI, muMbai peAte anukRti maulika anuvAda maulika saMpAdana mAlika 32 abhyAsa-sAmagrI temanA jIvana ne vana mATe'navacetana'--me 1945, ''vrata' mATe--tenA pravezaka (zrI, rA. vi. pAThaka). 'phUladola' mATe--1. 'kAvyanI zakrita' (zrI. rA. vi. pA.) 2. kaumuTTI' sapTembara 1934, 3, 4. 1933nuM graMthastha vAGamaya, 'ArAdhanA' mATe--1. 'Urmi'', sapTe. AkaTA, 1940, 2, 'rekhA' I. sa. 1940, 7. . sa. 1939 nuM graMthastha vAGamaya, 'abhisAra' mATe-1. rekhA' mA 1948 2 I. sa. 1947nuM graMthastha hemacaM.

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manubhAI rAjArAma paMcALI 'darzoka' takhallusathI sAhityamAM suprasiddha rA. manubhAinA janma vAMkAnera tAlukAnA paMcAzIA gAmamAM saM. 1970 nA Aso vadI 11 nA rAja thaelA. temanu mULa vatana vaDhavANu. pitAnu nAma rAjArAma harajIvanabhAI ane mAtAnuM nAma zrI, meAtIbAi, temanuM lagna i. 1937 nA arasAmAM zrI. vijayAbahena paTela sAthe thayeluM che. temanA zALAnA abhyAsa mAtra aMgrejI pAMca dhAraNa sudhIne che. vAMkAnera hAIskUlamAM thADu dhaNuM zikSaNa prApta karyA bAda anubhavanI zALA temanI zikSaNasaMsthA banI che. hAla saurASTramAM AMbalA gAmamAM grAma dakSiNAmUrti zALAmAM te zikSaka che. temanI jIvanabhAvanAte gAMdhIjI, svAmI AnaMda, nAnAbhAi, raviza kara mahArAja ane sva. medhANI vagere saMskArasevakAoe pratyakSa ke parokSa rIte ghaDI che. vikaTara hyugAnI ' lA mijharebla'; TaoNlsaTAyanI * vaoNra enDa pIsa ' ane vaoNTa zela vI Du dhena'; rAme rAlAMnI 'jaina krisTopha'; munazInI ' gujarAtanA nAtha'; zaradabAbunI * svAmInAtha ' ane TAgoranI * ghare bAhire' ----navalakathAoe temanI vArtAkalA temaja jIvanadRSTine sa`skArI che. , nAnapaNathI lakhavAno zokha hovAthI lekhaka thavAnI hoMza temane hatI. tevAmAM . 1930 nA satyAgrahanA AMdolanamAM pratyakSa bhAga levAthI keTalAka jIvana-anubhaveA temane thayA. te arasAmAM prakhara keLavaNIkAra zrI. nAnAbhAinA samAgamamAM lekhaka AvyA; 'dhare bAhire' nI navalakathAnu anekavAra manana-parizIlana karyuM; e sarvAMte pariNAme pote paNa anubhavAmAMthI vArtA ApavI evA dRDha nizcaya sAMthe temaNe vArtAlekhananI pravRtti AdarI. temanA jIvananA mukhya uddeza . AtmAnA utkaSaI ane jagatanA sukhane mATe jIvavAnA che. e uddeza sapUrNa siddha tA jIvAtA jIvana dvArA ja karI zakAya; te paNa lekhanapravRtti e prakAranA jIvananI atRpta jhaMkhanAnA kaipha rUpe hAvAthI tene pAte upAsI rahyA hAvAnuM teo kahe che. emanA priya sAhityaprakArA navalakathA, nATaka ane mahAkAvya che. temanA priya abhyAsaviSayeA itihAsa ne khetIvADI che.

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dhakAra-saritAti * temanI prathama kRti 'jaliyAMvAlA ' sArASTra ' prakAzana dvArA prasiddha thayelI; tenI bIjI AvRtti tAjetaramAM pragaTa thaI che. mukhyatve satyAgrahanAM AMdolane ane grAmasevAmAMthI temanI navalAnI viSayapasaMdagI thaelI che. bhAvanAzIla yuvaka-yuvatI dezasevAnA kAryamAM zA bhoga Ape che ane kaivI vRttie seve che te batAvI sajA'tA itihAsanuM surekha nirUpaNa karavAno temanA prayatna che. kRtio kRtinuM nAma prakAra 1, jaliyAMvAlA nATaka 2. 1857 3. khadIra 4. dhana ane mukti ,, navalakathA 10. itihAsa-kathA grIsa 99 29 5. kalyANayAtrA 6. prema ane pUjA kA 7. dIpanirvANu 8. e vicAradhArA niSadha 9. itihAsa-kathAo kathA rAma 99 1935 bI.A. 1947 prAzana sAkSa 1935 bI.A. 1947 99 1246 1939 1939 1944 1944 bI.A. 1946 1945 1946 1947 prakAzaka 'phUlachAkha' rANapura bhAratI sA. sa. amadAvAda 'phUlachAma' rANapura bhAratI sA. sa. amadAvAda 99 91 Adarza pustaka bhaMDAra, amadAvAda grAma dakSiNAmUrti, AMkhalA 19 99 103 abhyAsa--sAmagrI jaliyAMvAlA' mATe:-- kaumudI' sapTa, 1934 temanI anya kRtie mATe:--te te sAlanAM graMthastha vADmayA 10 maulika saMpAdana ke anuvAda ? maulika "" 99 . . . . ..

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mAdhavajI bhImajIbhAI macchara zrI. mAdhavajIbhAI maccharano janma morabImAM I. 1890 nA sapTembaranI 9 mI tArIkhe brahmakSatriya jJAtimAM thayeluM. temanuM mULa vatana kaccha (bhUja). pitAnuM nAma bhImajI gokaLadAsa. mAtAnuM nAma hIrAbahena. temanuM lagna I. sa. 1913 mAM zrI. narmadArI sAthe thayeluM che. ' prAthamika keLavaNI kacachanI aMjAra sTeTa skUlamAM lIdhA bAda aMgrejI bIjA dhoraNamAM temane saMjogavazAt amadAvAda AvavAnuM thayuM ane abhyAsa tarapha ruci na jaNAtAM eka DokaTarane tyAM kampAunDarI ane thoDuMka aMgrejI zIkhavAnI zarate mAsika rU. nA pagAre teo nokara rahyA. paraMtu tyAM kaDavA anubhavo thatAM pharIne pitAnI icchAthI dhI je. ela. nyU iMglIza skUlamAM temaNe abhyAsa cAlu karyo. meTrikamAM hatA tyAre amadAvAdanI bI. je. meDIkala skUlamAM meDIkala yupIla tarIke meTrikanA vidyArthIomAMthI pasaMda karavA prAvezika parIkSA thaI. temAM teo prathama naMbare pAsa thavAthI rAjakeTanI "vesTa hospITalamAM mAsika rU. 7 nA vetanathI "yupIla' tarIke temanI nimaNuMka thaI. kuTuMbanI garIbAIne lIdhe kolejamAM teo jaI zake ema na hatuM. tyArabAda sarakAra taraphathI rAjakoTanI AphreDa hAIskUlamAM aMgrejInA abhyAsanI sagavaDa temane karI ApavAmAM AvI hatI. be varSa bAda amadAvAdanI meDIkala skUlamAM sarakAra taraphathI temane mokalavAmAM AvyA ane I. 1912 mAM DaoNkaTarI parIkSAo pasAra karI teo tyAM ja saba esi. sarjana tarIke joDAI gayA. nava varSa sudhI A karI temaNe bajAvI ane I. 1921 mAM asahakAranI caLavaLe ane sarakArI nokarImAM pravartatI aMdhera rIti-nItie temane rASTrapremanAM kAryo tarapha vALyA. temaNe sarakArI nokarInuM rAjInAmuM ApyuM tyArathI adyApi paryata teo svataMtra davAkhAnuM calAvI rahyA che. hAla teo davAkhAnuM calAvavA uparAMta amadAvAdanI gujarAta mahilA pAThazALA' mAM chavavidA, indriyavijJAna ane ArogyazAstranA adhyApaka tarIke paNa kAma kare che. 'hAIskUlamAM bhaNatA tyAre vidyArthImitro sAthe maLIne "Friends' Literary Union' nAmanuM eka maMDaLa temaNe kADheluM. temAM temane sAMskArika prakRttio calAvavAnI sArI tAlIma maLI hatI. e arasAmAM

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cakAra-ritAza nATakA jovAno zAkha khUba hovAthI nATaka DhALanAM gItA lakhavA te prerAelA, je 'samAlecaka' vagere sAmayikAnA dIpetsavI aMkAmAM pragaTa thayA hatA. I. 1921 thI i. 1923 sudhI temanI jJAtinuM mukhapatra 'brahmakSatriya zubhecchaka' tee calAvatA. Ama temanI lakhavAnI rAta tA vahelI thaI cUkelI; paNa e vRttine kharuM protsAhana teA adhyApanakAne aMge vivajJAna viSayanuM je vizeSa vAcanamanana temane karavu paDayuM ane tene aMge vaneAMdhA taiyAra karavI paDI, tene lIdhe maLyuM. ethI tA 'jIvavijJAna' viSaya upara te eka zAstrIya pustaka ApI zakayA. I. sa, 1922 thI'35 sudhI nATaka jovAvAMcavAnA zokha khUba hovAthI rIMgabhUmi ane nATakaracanAnA abhyAsa temaNe karelA ane prasaMgApAtta e viSaya upara keTalAka lekhA paNa lakhelA. temanA jIvanane ghaDanAra baLAmAM mukhyatve 'sarasvatIcaMdra' ane tenA - karyAM, ' Life Divine ' ane zrI. araviMda, temanA rasALAjIvanamAM kasarata zikSaka tarIke kAma karatA DaoN. hariprasAda desAi ane eka zikSaka zrI. prANazaMkara lallubhAI desAI che. ceyaHsAdhaka adhikArI varganA lekhakAe paNa temanA upara sArI asara pADI che. amadAvAdanI sAhityapravRttimAM DaoN. macchara varSathI jIvataM rasa dharAve che eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu sakriyapaNe emAM bhAga paNa letA rahyA che. 4, 1922 thI I. 1935 sudhI tee gujarAta sAhitya sabhAnA mAnAmitrI hatA. amadAvAda meDIkala seAsAyaTInA mAnA`matrI tarIke paNa temaNe I. 1921 thI 4, 1932 sudhI kAma karyuM. hatuM. kRti kRtinuM nAma viSaya " 'jIvavijJAna ' vijJAna racanA- sAkSa 1960 prakAzana sAla prakArAka maulika ke anuvAda ? 1941 gujarAta vidyAsabhA, maulika 1948 (dvitIya AvRtti) amadAvAda abhyAsa-sAmathI 'jIvavijJAna' mATe: 1, gUjarAta sAhitya sabhAnI i. 1941nI kAvahI, 2. 'prakRti' traimAsika caitra, 1999,

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yazavaMtarAya gulAbabhAI nAyaka - zrI. nAyakane janma temanA mULa vatana surata jillAnA gAma gAmamAM anAvila jJAtimAM tA. 6-7-1909nA roja thayela. temanA pitAnuM nAma gulAbabhAI phakIrabhAI nAyaka ane mAtAnuM nAma jamanAbahena che. temanuM lagna I. 1923 mAM zrI. maNibahena sAthe thayeluM che. prAthamika abhyAsa surata jillAnA gAma, dAMDI ane nAgadharA gAmamAM karyA bAda temaNe mAdhyamika keLavaNuM anukrame vegAma, maMdira ane navasArImAM lIdhI hatI. tyArabAda I. 1928 mAM vaDodarA kaoNlejamAMthI bI. esasI. nI parIkSA pahelA vargamAM mAnasahita pasAra karIne teo yunivarsiTImAM bIje naMbare AvyA ane vaDodarA kolejanA phele nimAyA. te pachI I. 1932 mAM ema. esasI. ane I. 1937 mAM pIeca. DI. nI upAdhio muMbaInI raoNyala insTiTyUTa opha sAyansamAM nokarI karatAM karatAM temaNe meLavI hatI. hAlamAM teo amadAvAdanI gujarAta kolejamAM bhautikazAstranA mukhya adhyApaka tarIke kAma kare che. . temanA jIvana upara UMDI asara karanAra "rAmAyaNa", "mahAbhArata', lA mijharAble, "vikAra oNpha vekaphilDa', rejharsa eja' vagere jagavikhyAta, graMtha che. temane jIvana-udeza vijJAnanI sevA karavAne che. temanA priya lekhake vikaTara hyugo ane thomasa hArDI che. temane priya lekhanaviSaya bhautikazAstra che. vijJAnanI aneka saMsthAo jevI ke gujarAta prakRti maMDaLa', InDiyana sAyansa koMgresa', "tAraka maMDaLa, vagere sAthe teo joDAelA che. temane manapasaMda sAhityaprakAra navalikA che. zrI. piopaTalAla ga. zAha sAthenA gADha paricaye vijJAnanAM pustaka lakhavAmAM temane protsAhana ApyuM hatuM. I. 1939mAM maLelI vijJAna pariSada paNa temanI lekhanapravRttinuM uttejaka baLa banI hatI. temaNe vijJAnanI zodhakhoLanA bAra-tera jeTalA maulika lekho aMgrejImAM pragaTa karyA che. pAribhASika zabdonI racanAmAM phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAmAM temaNe sakriya phALe Avyo che. zALAo ane kolejomAM upayogI thAya tevAM vijJAnanAM gujarAtI pAThya pustako paNa temaNe racyAM che.

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thathakA-pitAvaha katinuM nAma viSaya racanA- sAva 1. pRthvIne itihAsa vijJAna 1935 pAcana- prakAzaka maulika sa saMpAdana ke anuvAda ? 1236 phArbasa sabhA maulika muMbaI - 1037 ejyukezanala i - bukasa kAM. muMbaI 1938 janarala buka DIpo, muMbaI 2. padArtha vijJAna vijJAna 1931 ane rasAyaNa 3. suSTivijJAna 1937 bhA. 1-2-3 4. saraLa mArogya 1938 vijJAna 5. bALakanuM vijJAna bAlavijJAna 1943 bhA. 1 thI 7 1928 1945 ejayukezanala bukasa ku. tathA babAbhAI se.zAha muMbaI yunivarsiTI , 1942 1947 1939 1939 che. padArtha vijJAna vijJAna ane rasAyaNanI paribhASA 7. Text book vijJAna of F. Y. Sc. Physics. 6. Text book of I. Sc. Physics ysics. Educational Publishing Co. Bombay Kbadyata Book Depot, Abmedabad 943 1943

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ratilAla nAnAbhAI tannA 'zAradAprasAda varmA'ne nAme nATakA, vArtAo ane caritra lakhatA zrI. ratilAla tannAnA janma I. 1901 nA sapTembaranI 18 mI tArIkhe temanA mULa vatana suratamAM lahANA jJAtimAM thayelo. temanA pitAnuM nAma nAnAbhAI mALIrAma ane mAtAnuM nAma maNibahena. patnInuM nAma zAntAgIrI. suratanI caMdu mahetAnI gAmaThI nizALa, muMbainI myunisipala zALA ane suratanI myuni. zALA na. 6-e traNa nizALAmAM thaIne mAtra doDha varSamAM temaNe prAthamika abhyAsa pUro karyo hato. pachI muMbanI senTa jheviyarsa skUla ane suratanI yuniyana hAiskUlamAM temaNe mAdhyamika zikSaNa prApta karyuM hatuM. tyArabAda suratanI ema. TI. bI. kaoNlejamAM epha. vAya. nI parIkSA pAsa karI, paNa dasa varSanI vaye mAtAnuM ane te pachI e ja varSamAM pitAnuM avasAna thayeluM hAvAthI dunyavI javAbadArIe mAthe AvI paDavAthI abhyAsamAM citta kendrita na thaI zakayuM. vaLI tevAmAM je asahakAranAM mAMdalane zarU thayelAM, tethI lekhake abhyAsa choDI satyAgrahamAM jhukAvavAnI hAMza karI. paNa pote kATa opha vaoNrDjhanA Azraye hAvAthI hilacAlamAM sakriya bhAga na laI zakayA, ne temanI icchA mujaba vidyApIThamAM paNa na jaDAi zakayA. pachI sAhitya dvArA dezasevA karavAnI bhAvanAthI yugAMtara kAryAlaya'nAmanI prakAzana saMsthA temaNe suratamAM sthApI. hAla e prakAzana saMsthA calAvavA uparAMta lekhanane vyavasAya paNa teo karI rahela che. zrI, tannA mAdhyamika zALAmAM hatA tyArathI nATako ane savA lakhatA hatA, je prasaMgeApAMtta zALAemAM bhajavAtA paNa kharA. i. 1924 mAM gItAnI vyAkhyA' nAmanA pustakamAM keTalAka JItA uparanA nibaMdhAne anuvAda pragaTa karIne teo prasiddhimAM AvyA. temanA jIvananA mukhya uddeza sAhitya dvArA mAnavatAnI sevA ane sAdhanA karavAnA che. temanA jIvana tema ja sAhitya upara svAmI zrI. rAmatInAM adhyAtmaviSayaka pustakoe ane gAMdhIjIe zarU karelAM sAMskArika AMdolanAe UMDI asara pADI che. emanA priya lekhako zrI. araviMda ane svAmI rAmatIrtha che. e yegIeAnAM pustakA temaja

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zathakA-pitAvali gItApaniSadanA parizIlanamAMthI temane jIvananAM sattA sAMpaDayAM che. temanA managamatA lekhanaprakAre nATaka ane jIvanacaritra che. ItihAsa ane tattvajJAnane abhyAsa karI temane khUba game che. - temanuM ghaNuMkharuM sarjana udezalakSI hoya che. keIka bhAvanA ke vicArane pitAnAM nATakomAM kendravatI sthAne rAkhIne teo vastu, pAtra ne vAtAvaraNanI saMkalanA kare che. zrI. baTubhAI umaravADiyAnI saMvAdazailI ane navIna vicArene tejasvI rIte camakAvavAnI temanI rItinI asara temanAM nATakomAM jaNAya che. ekaMdare takhtAlAyakI jALavI rAkhe tevAM temanAM nATake che. bAlasAhityamAM paNa temanI daSTi saMskAra, keLavaNI ane sudhAraNAnI che. temanI be nATako', "durgArAma mahetAjI', "navA yuganI strI' vagere kRtione jANItA vidvAna lekhaka ramaNalAla, umaravADiyA AdinI prastAvanAone lAbha maLyo che. phorama'nI aneka laharIomAM patharAyelA temanA bAlasAhityane zrI. jyotIndra dave, sva. gijubhAI ane sva. motIbhAI amInanAM protsAhaka purovacane prApta thayAM che. tie katinuM nAma badAra racanA- prakAzana- prakAzaka maulika, saMpAdana sAla sAla ke anuvAda1. gItAnI vyAkhyA nibaMdha 1924 124 yugAntara kAryAlaya anuvAda surata 2. be nAta nA 1928 maulika 1929 1930 . 3. phema laharI bAla- 175 - 1 thI 12 sAhitya 136 1946 4. navA yuganI stro nATaka 1932 - 1934. 5. vana vananI vela vArtAo ? 1939 ne eka nATaka 1. musalinI caritra 7. kamAla AtA turka , 8. vartamAna yuganA , vidhAya

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1943 1940 che ane bAkAra ja che mAtara kAryAlaya maulika - 944 ", anuvAda 9. maMdira pagathiye nibaMdhie ? 10. rAma mahetAjI nATake ? ane bIjAM nATaka 1. AyA athavA navalakathA 1 e zaba. 11. purANanAM pAtra bAlasAhitya 1. upaniSadanI vAta che ? 14. kathAnake ,, 1 maulika 1944 1944 1948 saMpAdana gvAda - havAsa-sAmagrI - . 'phirama' bAlasAhitya mATe -rava. motIbhAI amInanA patro temaja zrI. 'jyotIndra dave ane sva. gijubhAInI prastAvanA be nATake mATe- hava, baTubhAI umaravADiyAnI prastAvanA. navA yuganI zI' mATe - zrI. ramaNalAla desAinI prastAvanA. rama mahetAjI' mATe -- . vrajarAya ma. desAinuM vivecana

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ravizaMkara mahAzaMkara joSI prA. ravizaMkara joSIne janma i. 1899 nA sapTembara mAsanI 1 lI tArIkhe audIcya sahasra brAhmaNa jJAtimAM rAjulA gAmamAM thayelA. temanuM mULa vatana khATAda; temanA pitAnuM nAma mahAza'kara bahecarabhAI ane mAtAnuM nAma zrI. aMbAbahena. temanu` lagna I. 1914 mAM zrI. nama dAbahena sAthe thayelu che. zihAra prAMtamAM AvelA rAjulA gAmanI zALAmAM prAthamika zikSaNa prApta karI ziheAra miDala skUlamAMthI tee meTrika pAsa thayA. tyArabAda bhAvanagaranI zAmaLadAsa kaeNoNlejamAM ucca zikSaNa meLavI I. 1924 mAM teo ema. e. pAsa thayA ane mukhya viSaya gujarAtImAM yunivarsiTImAM prathama nabara temaNe meLavyA. tyArathI tee zAmaLadAsa kaoNlejamAM gujarAtInA prAphesara tarIke kAma karI rahyA che. < jIvananA judA judA tabakke viSNuvadha prakAranAM pustakA ane puruSAe temanA vyaktitvanuM ghaDatara karyu che. temanI bAlyAvasthAmAM 'sarasvatIcaMdra' ane caMdrakAnta '-e e pustAnI, temanA kaoNlejajIvanamAM 'lA' mijharebsa ', ' bradharsa kAramAsrova ' ane 19 mA saikAnA aMgrejI kavienAM kAvyapustakAnI, ane uttarAvasthAmAM lIDa khITara ', gItA ' ane ' upaniSado 'nI temaja prinsipAla zAhANI, sara prabhAzaMkara paTTaNI ane zrI. IzvaralAla mahetAnA vyaktitvanI asara temaNe jhIlI che. temanA priya lekhA paNa e ja pramANe badalAtA rahyA che. 12 thI 25 varSanI vaya sudhI kAlidAsa ane zekasapiyara, 25 thI 33 sudhI vikaTara hyugA, DaoNsTevaskI ane TAgAra, 33 thI 40 sudhI 'gItA' thIeseApI temaja rahasyavAdane lagatAM pustakA, 40 thI 48 sudhI - ' upaniSado ' ane pachIthI yAgavAsiSTha' anukrame temanA priya graMthakAra ane graMtha banela che. . temanA jIvananA mukhya uddeza paramAtmAnA anubhava te te dvArA tenI prApti karavAnA che. sAhityane temanA A lakSyanA eka sAdhanarUpa te mAne che. kaeNlejamAM adhyApaka tarIkenA zAMta jIvanathI ane te daramiyAna temane thayelA keTalAka AdhyAtmika anubhavAthI temane jIvanavakAsa thaye hAvAnu' teo kahe che. 11

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thaya ane graMthAra 5. 10 temaNe jIvanamAM lakhavAnI zarUAta paMdaramA varSathI karelI ane keTalAMka kAvya, navalikAo ane lekhe temaNe sAmayikomAM chapAvelAM; paNa te dizAmAM temaNe jhAjhI pravRtti pachIthI cAlu rAkhI hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityanA eka samartha adhyApaka tarIke, gujarAtanA eka bahukRta vidvAna tarIke ane zAMta jIvana chavanAra eka sahRdayI saraLa mAnava tarIke teo prasiddhi pAmyA che. vivecanasAhityamAM temane phALe ghaNo ocho che te paNa temAM jeTaluM temaNe lakhyuM che teTaluM temanI samartha zaktine paricaya karAve che. temaNe lakhelA "kAntanI kAvyakalA ', "vallabhanAM AkhyAnanI kRtrimatAne prazna', zAmaLa : eka samasyA', "zrI munazInI strItvanI bhAvanA,' "sAhityamAM jIvanadarzana, "kAvyAMganA', "rasikanAM kAvyo' vagere pustakanI prastAvanA ItyAdi lekhe temanI kemaLa bhASA, madhura vivecanazailI ane kRtinuM sAMgopAMga rasadarzana karAvavAnI temanI kuzaLatAnA paripAkarUpa che. * kRtio katinuM nAma pAkAra racanA- prakAzana- prakAzaka mauli saMpAdana ke anuvAda? 1. anubhavabina kAvya 1933 1946 piote saMpAdana 2. gu. sA. sabhAnI samIkSA 1940 1941 gu. sA. sabhA, maulika I. 1940-41 nI kAryavAhI amadAvAda sAla sAla

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zAMtilAla somezvara ThAkara zrI. zAMtilAla ThAkarane janma I 1904 nA sapTembara mAsanI 15 mI tArIkhe bAja kheDAvALa brAhmaNa jJAtimAM temanA mULa vatana naDiyAdamAM thayeluM. temanA pitAnuM nAma somezvara acaratalAla ane mAtAnuM nAma revAbahena. temanuM lagna I. 1916 mAM zrI. savitAbahena vere thayeluM che. - tharAdanI gujarAtI zALAmAM prAthamika traNa dhoraNanuM zikSaNa laI temaNe mAdhyamika zikSaNa naDiyAdanI sarakArI hAIskUlamAM prApta karyuM hatuM. I. 1922 mAM meTrika thayA bAda gujarAta kolejamAMthI i. 1924mAM InTaranI parIkSA bIjA vargamAM pAsa karI kolejanI ziSyavRtti temaja yunivarsiTInI pATila saMta ziSyavRtti temaNe meLavI hatI. I. 1926mAM saMskRta-ardhamAgadhI echika viSayo laI bI. e. nI parIkSA bIjA vargamAM paNa kolejamAM prathama naMbare pAsa karatAM temane gujarAta kelejanI dakSiNa phelozipa maLI hatI. I. 1928 mAM saMskRta ardhamAgadhI aicchika viSayo laI teo ema. e. thayA. tyArabAda i. 1938 mAM teo muMbaInI esa. TI. TI. kolejamAMthI bI. TI. paNa pAsa thayA hatA. temano vyavasAya zikSakane che. keTalAka samaya kheDAnI ane naDiyAdanI hAIskUlamAM AcAryanuM kAma karIne hAla teo borasadanI hAIskUlamAM AcAryapade che. kelejakALa daramiyAna svAmI rAmatIrtha, svAmI vivekAnaMda, zrI. rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa ane zrI. araviMda ghoSa jevA yogIonAM caritra ane lakhANoe temaja sAdhanAkALa daramiyAna svAmI zrI. prakAzAnaMda godaDiyA mahArAja) ane araviMdAzramavALAM zrI. mAtAjInA pratyakSa paricaya temanA vyaktitva upara ghaNI moTI chApa pADI che. gItA" ane "upaniSada jevA tatvadarzananA graMthAe temanA jIvanane ghaDayuM che. prabhu nimite kArya karI AMtaravikAsa sAdhavAne temane jIvana-uddeza che. ravibAbu temanA priya sAhityakAra che. "gItA" temane priya graMtha che; nibaMdha temane mAnIte sAhityaprakAra che. temanA managamatA lekhana ne abhyAsaviSaye dharma, saMskRti ane tattvajJAna che,

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graMtha ane graMthakAra yu. 10 i, 1927 thI kaoNleja sAmayikAmAM ane naDiyAdanI sArvajanika vyAyAmazALA taraphathI cAlatA - nArAyaNa ' mAsikamAM temaNe lekhA lakhavAnI zarUAta karI hatI. pachI to aneka sAmayikAnA prAtsAhanathI temanuM lekhanakAryAM uttarAttara mahAratuM gayuM. temanuM prathama pustaka 'saMvAdamAlA ', yunivarsIla presa, naDiyAda taraphathI I. sa. 1934 mAM pragaTa thayuM hatuM. tee gujarAtanA eka kuzaLa vaktA tarIke jANItA che. i. sa. 1938 mAM muMbai ilAkAnI AMtara kaeNAleja vakatRtvakaLAnI harIphAi jItIne temaNe suva`caMdraka meLavyA hatA. nibaMdhalekhaka tarIke paNa temaNe sArI guNavattA batAvI che. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInuM rAjakAraNa ane hiMdI tattvajJAna' e viSaya para zreSTha nibaMdha lakhavA badala amadAvAdanI hiMdI tattvajJAna samiti taraphathI i. sa 1947 mAM temane suva+caMdraka enAyata thayA hatA. pustakAlaya ' para zreSTha nibaMdha lakhavA badala kapaDavaMjanI sACjanika pustakAlaya rajatamahotsava samiti taraphathI temane zrI. vitAbA bhAvene hAthe pAritASika ApavAmAM Avelu. te uparAMta ' zrI kRSNatattva' ane ' lagnanI lAyakAta ' e be nibaMdheA lakhIne temaNe prathama pAritASika meLavelAM. 4 zrI. ThAkara eka sArA vicAraka paNa che. temanA vicAro para zrI. araviMdanI ane ciMtanapaddhati upara zrI. aMbAlAla purANInI sArI asara paDelI che. temanA nibaMdheAnA viSayo paNa ghaNuMkharuM bhakti, tattvajJAna ke agamyavAdane lagatA ja hAya che. kRtio kRtinuM nAma 1. savAdamAlA saMvAdo 2. sAdhana sUktAvala gadya .rU. sphulDiMga bhA. 1 nibaMdha prakAra racanA sAla 1933 1935 1942 prakAzaka- maulika saMpAdana ke anuvAdaka ? anuvAda prakAzana sAla 1934 yunivarsala presa, naDiyAda 1936 hiMdu anAthAzrama presa, naDiyAda 1944 bhaktimArgI kAryo- mauli laya, amadAvAda 19

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thakAra-caritAvali 4. bhakta mAro nibaMdha 1944 1945 bhaktimArga kAryAlaya maulika - amadAvAda 1946 5. kuhiMlaga bhA. 2 nibaMdha 6. nItizataka gadha 1948 anuvAda satuM sAhitya vaka kAryAlaya amadAvAda , 7. vairAgyazataka ' 8. tulasIdAsanI sAkhIo 9. kahevata 10. mRtyuMjaya che , ke , saMpAdana anuvAda , mahAgujarAta pabliziMga kuM. muMbaI 11. dazakumAracarita gadha 12. naDiyAdane itihAsa , 1949 , bhaktimArga kAryA. molika laya amadAvAda

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paMDita zrI. sukhalAlajI saMghajI saMghavI bhAratavarSanA mahAna dArzanikomAMnA eka paMDita zrI. sukhalAlajIne janma saurASTramAM vaDhavANa pAse AvelA lImalI nAmanA nAnA gAmaDAmAM I. 1880 mAM jena vepArI pitAne tyAM zrImALI vaizya jJAtimAM thayelo. temanA pitAnuM nAma zrI. saMgha ane mAtAnuM nAma zrI. saMtakabahena che. paMDitajIe temanA vatanamAM ja sAta gujarAtI sudhInuM zikSaNa lIdhuM, temanuM bAlajIvana paNa tyAM ja vyatIta thayuM. soLa varSanI uMmare zItaLAnA bhayaMkara dardanA teo bhoga banyA. A dade temanI AMkhonuM teja harI lIdhuM. paNa tethI jarAye nAsIpAsa thayA vinA utkaTa jJAnapipAsAne tRpta karavAnA prayatna sAthe teo AgaLa vadhyA. - prajJAcakSu banelA paMDitajIe saMskRta sAhitya ne tattvajJAnane zokha keLavyo. e zekhane saMtoSavA TheTha banArasa jeTale dUra deza teo gayA ane tyAMnI zrI. yazovijaya jene saMskRta pAThazALAmAM mahAmahopAdhyAya paMDitaratna zrI. vAmAcaraNa bhaTTAcArya pAse rahI nyAyazAstramAM teo pAraMgata thayA. varSo sudhI temaNe tyAM vidyopAsanA karI ane tatkAlIna aneka viziSTa paMDitanA saMskAra grahaNa karyA. tyArabAda tyAMthI teo mithilA gayA ane mahAmahopAdhyAya zrI. bAlakRSNa mitra pAse rahIne vizeSa adhyayana karyuM. ahIM temanI gurubhakti ane Arthika saMkaDAmaNa mATe temanA jIvanamAM banele eka prasaMga saMbhAra ghaTe che. paMDitajInI Arthika muzkelI ghaNI hatI; saMskRta pAThazALAomAM bhaNatA vidyArthIo temanA guru pAse kevI dazAmAM rahIne bhaNe che e te koIthI ajANyuM nathI. eka vakhata paMDitajIe pahereluM garama sveTara temanA gurue joyuM ane te temane khUba pasaMda paDyuM. bIje ja divase mithilAnA ziyALAnI kaDakaDatI ThaMDIne jarA paNa vicAra karyA sivAya paMDitajIe te temanA gurujIne ApI dIdhuM. ' sUtI vakhate ThaMDIthI bacavA sAru pitAnA zarIrane ghAsathI DhAMkI daIne, kaI na jue te mATe phATele kAmaLe te upara teo oDhI letA. vidyAthI avasthAmAM mAsika be ke traNa rUpiyAthI vadhu kharca temanA bhajana mATe kadI temaNe karyo na hato. A temanuM vrata hatuM. mithilAthI pharI pAchA teo banArasa AvyA ane tyAM keTalAMka varSo rahI saMskRta vedAMta temaja anya sAhityane talasparzI abhyAsa karyo ane te viSayamAM nipuNatA meLavI.

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graMthakAra-pazitAvali lekhanane prAraMbha AgrA zaherathI thayo. tyAM paMDitajIe paMcapratikramaNa ', "cAra karmagraMtha', "gadarzana', ane garvizikA nuM saMpAdana karyuM. A saMpAdanoe temanI vidvattAne paMDitavargamAM pratiSThita karI. A pachI mahAtmAjIe amadAvAdamAM sthApela "gUjarAta vidyApITha'nA purAtattva vibhAgamAM temanI bhAratIya darzanazAstranA adhyApaka tarIke nimaNUMka thaI. ahIM temaNe paMDita zrI. bahecaradAsajInA sahakArathI mahAna jena dArzanika zrI. siddhasena divAkararacita "zrI sametitarka'nuM saMpAdana karyuM. A saTIka mULa graMthanA pUrA pAMca bhAgonA saMpAdana ane chaThThA bhAgamAM tenA vivecane pUrAM dasa varSa jeTale temane samaya lIdho. A daramiyAna temaNe umAsvAtinA tattvArthasUtranuM tathA "nyAyAvatAranuM gujarAtImAM tenA anuvAda sahita saMpAdana karyuM. tyArabAda i. sa. 1933mAM banArasa hiMdu yunivarsiTImAM jaina darzananA adhyApaka tarIke teo joDAyA. tyAM rahI zrI. yazavijayajIkRta jena takabhASA" ane "jJAnabiMdu', temaja zrI. hemacaMdrAcAryakRta "pramANumImAMsA'nuM saMpAdana TippaNa. temaja vistRta prastAvanA sahita temaNe pragaTa karyuM. saMskRta graMthanAsaMpAdana-saMzodhananI paddhatimAM A kRtie na ja cIle pADo. paM. jayarAzita "to paplava' graMthanA saMzodhane emanI jainetara darzane viSenI pratiSThAne gaurava apAvyuM. tAjetaramAM baddha nyAyazAstronA suprasiddha graMthakAra paM. dharmakIricita hetubiMdu'nI arcaTakRta TIkA ane durvekakRta anuTIkAnA saMpAdana dvArA temaNe baddha darzananA ItihAsa para navo prakAza pheMkayA che. vidyA mATenAM temanAM tapa, tyAga ne titikSA apUrva che. hRdaya ane buddhinI samatulA, jJAna ane saMskArane prakAza ane ciMtanazIla pratibhAe temane mAlika vicAraka ane tattvaciMtaka banAvyA che. sarva darzanano tulanAtmaka samanvaya sAdhavAnuM kaizala e paMDitajInI khAsa vizeSatA che. sAmAnyataH jaina dharmanAM mUla to prati temanuM valaNa hovA chatAM temanI dRSTi hamezAM asAMpradAyika rahI che. temanA jIvana upara samartha bhAratIya ciMtake ane saMtonA jIvana tema ja graMthAe prAthamika asara karI che; mahAtmAjInA jIvane temanI saMskAralakSI pravRttione vikasAvavAmAM mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo che. gAMdhIjInA dakSiNa AphrikAthI hiMdamAM AvyA bAda temanI lekhanapravRttimAM vega Avyo. paMDitajIne bhAratIya prAcIna sAhitya, vyAkaraNa, darzana, alaMkAra purANa, arthazAstra Adi viSaye tarapha sahaja pakSapAta che. temanA priya lekhanaviSayo tattvajJAna, sAhitya, samAja ane itihAsa rahyAM che.

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graMtha ane graMthakAra : 10 teo atyAre muMbaInuM "bhAratIya vidyAbhavana' amadAvAdanI gujarAta vidyA sabhA' banArasanuM jaina saMskRti maMDaLa" ane AgrAnuM "AtmAnaMda jaina pustaka pracAraka maMDaLa' vagere jANItI zikSaNasaMsthAo sAthe saMskAra-pracAranA hetuthI saMkaLAelA che. kRtio : kRtinuM nAma rathanA- , , prakAzaka saMpAdana, anuvAda sAla ke maulika? 1. yogAna 116 121 AtmAnaMda jaina pustaka pracAra hindImAM sabhA, AgrA, anuvAda-saMpAdana 2. cAra karmagraMtha 8. vaMnnaprasanaLa 4. daMDaka 5-10. kannatita 1922-1930 gujarAta vidyApITha, prathama pAMca bhAga | (cha mA) amadAvAda malanuM saMpAdana (paM. becaradAsa chaThThA bhAgane gujarAtImAM sAthe) anuvAda, 11. jaina daSTie " " maulika brahmacarya-vicAra 12. tavAdhigama sUtra , gujarAtI tathA hindI vivecana 13, cAvAyatAra jana sAhitya saze. gujarAtI bhASAMtara sahita dhaka, amadAvAda saMpAdana 1975-1940 siMdhI jaina sirIjha hemacaMdranA graMthanuM hiMdImAM saMpAdana 15. rainattamAzA 16. vivuM 1935-1940 17. tavovaDhava 1945-1947 gAyakavADa orienTala saMpAdana. sIrIjha vaDodarA 18. revAra riA bhAratIya vidyA bhavana,muMbaI gujarAtI anuvAda 10. deva 150 gAyakavADa orienTala sirIjha saMpAdana A uparAMta temaNe AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama tathA dharmavIra mahAvIra ane karmavIra kRSNa"--e be pustikAo gujarAtImAM ane "ma. mArI jIvanaH eka aitihAsika daSTipAta', 'nirgrantha sampradAya', 'jaina saMskRtikA hRdaya' "mainadharmanA gALa', rIrSa tapasvI mAvIe pAMca pustikAo hiMdImAM lakhI che, "

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harinArAyaNa giradharalAla AcArya emane janma vikrama saMvata 1953 nA zrAvaNa vadi 11ne budhavAra, tA. 25 ogasTa 1897nA reja, audicya sahastra brAhmaNa jJAtimAM, emanA mosALa vIramagAmamAM thayo hate. uttara gujarAtamAM AveluM UMjhA emanuM vatana. emanA pitAnuM nAma giradharalAla tribhuvanacha AcArya ane mAtAnuM nAma revAbAI. temaNe be vAra lagna karyA che. pahelI vAra temanAM lagna temanI dasa varSanI uMmare vIramagAmamAM sai. godAvarIbahena sAthe thayelAM. bIju lagna paNa vIramagAmamAM ja sau. vijyAbahena sAthe thayeluM. vatanamAM ja UgarA mahetAnI gAmaThI zALAmAM prAthamika abhyAsane AraMbha karIne gAyakavADI sarakArI nizALamAM gujarAtI cha dhoraNa pUruM karI e vadhu abhyAsa mATe siddhapura gayA; tyAM aMgle-varnAkyulara skUlamAM tathA pachIthI pATaNanI hAIskUlamAM aMgrejIne abhyAsa karIne I. sa. 1914mAM teo meTrika pAsa thayA. tyAra pachI ucca abhyAsa mATe amadAvAda jaI gujarAta kolejamAMthI saMskRtano viSaya laI bI. e. (onarsa) thayA. kauTuMbika paraMparAgata saMskAra, UgatA abhyAsakALathI ja keLavAyela vAca, nane zokha ane zarUAtanAM varSomAM zreya sAdhaka adhikArI varganAM prakAzanonI asarathI emanuM saMskRtanuM tathA vedAMta Adi tattvajJAnanA viSayenuM jJAna eTaluM sAruM hatuM ke kelejanA abhyAsa daramiyAna, saMskRtanA te samayanA adhyApaka sva. AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanA agraNI ziSya paikI te eka gaNutA. vIsamI sadInA prAraMbhanA e dAyakAomAM pazcimI pizAkAMdi AkarSaNathI vyApta vAtAvaraNa vacce paNuM emaNe vatanane taLapado grAmazAka kAyama rAkhele, e hakIkata emanA svadezI prema ane majabUta mananI dyotaka che. I. sa. 1919 mAM bI. e. pasAra karI e kAyadAnA abhyAsa mATe muMbAI gayA ane tyAM gokaladAsa tejapAla hAIskUlamAM zikSakane vyavasAya svIkArI temAMthI gujarAna calAvatA jaIne sarakArI le kaoNlejamAM pahelI ela ela. bI. ne abhyAsa zarU karyo. paNa tenI parIkSA ApavAne samaya AvatAM ja gAMdhIjIe asahakAranI laData AraMbhI eTale tenI asarathI abhyAsane tilAMjalI ApI muMbaInI caMdArAmajI garlsa hAIskUlamAM tathA TiLaka rASTrIya kanyAzALAmAM keTalAka samaya adhyApanakArya karyuM. pachI te mahAtmAjIe amadAvAdamAM gujarAta vidyApIThanI sthApanA karI eTale teo 12

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. graMtha ane graMthakAra 30 10 gujarAta mahAvidyAlayanA gujarAtI, sa`skRta ane tattvajJAnanA adhyApaka tarIke amadAvAda AvyA. peAtAnA adhyApananA viSayeAmAM meLavelI pAra gatatA temaja vizALa vAcanane lIdhe keLavAyelI bahuzrutatAne lIdhe teo vidyApIThamAM eTalA vidyArthIpriya thaI paDayA ke paTanA, vyAyAmA, nATyaprayAgA, utsavA, sAhityacarcA ane adhArI rAtanA lAMbA sAIkalapravAse jevI khaDatala pravRttiomAM paNa vidyAthI o temane kendrasthAne rAkhI TALe vaLatA. i. sa. 1928 mAM AvuM vidyA, vyAyAma, jJAna ane abhyAsanuM nirALuM vAtAvaraNa cheADI emaNe amadAvAdanI bharatakhaMDa TeksTAIla milamAM maeNnejaranI nAkarI lIdhI. e taddana ajANyA kSetramAM paNa TUMka samayamAM ja temaNe evI kuzaLatA batAvI, ke I. sa. 1945 mAM e sthAna cheADyu. tyAre amadAvAdanI ATalI vipula sa MkhyAvALI milAnA maeNnejarAmAM sauthI kAmela adhikArIe paikInA eka tarIke temanI gaNanA thayelI. tethI ja, tyArabAda tarata amadAvAdunA mila enasa eseAsIezananA sahAyaka ma`trI tarIkenA javAbadArIbharyA sthAne sArA pagAre emanI nimaNUka thaI. Aje teo mila enasa eseAsIezananA maMtrIpade che. I. sa. 1920 nI zarUAtamAM emane damanA vyAdhi lAgu paDayA hatA. e vyAdhie lIdhelA gabhIra rUpane a te emanu paDachaMda zarIra taddana kRza thaI gayuM ane tenAthI te evA teA kaTALI gayA ke ApadhAta karavA sudhIne vicAra paNa AvI gayelA. paraMtu niLatA ane rAga sAme jhajhUmavAne temanA mULathI ja svabhAva hAvAthI dehane khaDatala ane suSThu banAvavAtA temaNe dRDha nirdhAra. karyAM. peAtAnA roganA nidAna mATe asaMkhya pustake temaNe vAcavA mAMDyAM. emAM amerikAnA vikhyAta zarIravijJAnI tathA vyAyAmavIra barnAra maeNkaDananAM lakhANAe emanAmAM zraddhA prerI. maeNraeNDana sAthenA patravyavahAra tathA zarIrazAstranA peAtAnA jJAna parathI karelI aneka vicAraNAne a'te teo evA nirNaya para AvyA ke e vyAdhinu mULa nabaLI hAjarI te AMtaraDAmAM hatuM, eTale tene mATe doDavuM, lAkaDAM phADavAM, jamIna khAddavI vagere peTa tathA peDhune valAvI nAMkhanAro vyAyAma jarUrI hatA. tarata emane pAsA varSathI avAvaru paDI raheluM UMjhA pAsenuM peAtAnuM khetara yAda AvyuM, ane emAMja e upacAra ajamAvavAnA nizcaya karIne unALAnI rajAmemAM UMjhA gayA. te DheDheka mAsamAM te eka zeDhAthI khInna zeDhA sudhInuM AkhuM khetara temaNe evuM te khAdI kADhyuM.

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thathakAra-caritAvali ke pharI e pAka ApatuM thaI gayuM ane emanA zarIramAMthI damane jIvaleNa vyAdhi paNa sadAne mATe adazya thaI gaye. A saphaLatA pachI te zarIrasauSThava ane vyAyAmavijJAnamAM emane rasa pAra vagarano relAye. aneka vyAyAma prakAro vaDe zarIrane paloTa ApI ApIne temaNe tene samapramANa ane baliSTha banAvyuM. duniyAmAM jeTalA vyAyAma prakAre kheDAyelA che te sarvanuM temaNe eTaluM UMDuM ane zAstrIya jJAna meLavyuM ke sva. . rAmamUrti paNa temanA zarIrasauSThava temaja tadviSayaka jJAna para mugdha thayelA. sva. rAmamUrti gujarAtamAM sthAyI thaIne eka Adarza vyAyAma vidyAlaya kADhavAne manasUbo karatA hatA. temane AkhA vidyAlayanI rUparekhA, abhyAsakrama Adi zrI. AcAryo goThavI ApelAM. gujarAtabharanI vyAyAma-harIphAIomAM niSNAta ane tajajJa paMca (ampAyara) tarIke zrI. AcAryanI ja nimaNUka thatI. vajana upADavAnA (veITa liphaTiMga). vyAyAmamAM paNa temaNe eTaluM prabhutva meLavyuM ke mAthA upara be hAthe 210 ratalathI ya vadhu ane paganI pezIonA ghaDatara mATe 250 thI 400 ratala sudhInuM vajana teo UMcakI zakatA. Ama chatAM teo beTI harIphAImAM paDyA nathI. emanuM samagra lakSa vajana UMcakavAnA vyAyAma dvArA zarIrane daDha ane baLavAna banAvavA para ja kendrita rahetuM. pariNAme, 27 IMca sAthaLa, 46 IMca chAtI, 18 IMca garadana ane 14 IMca prakoSTha keLavavA e zaktimAna thayA hatA. e vakhatane emane zarIravikAsa ati ucca kakSAe pahoMcele. emanuM potAnuM vajana 210 ratala hatuM. vyAyAmanA sarvAgINa jJAna sAthe zarIra ane ArogyanA zAstranuM paNa teo sAruM jJAna dharAve che. mananA nirvyAja AnaMdane khAtara vividha viSayanuM talasparzI jJAna meLavavAnI jhaMkhanA emanAmAM cheka hAIskUlanA divasothI UgelI. gAmanI lAIbrerIne bAraNe, sAMje cheka akSare na Ukale tyAMsudhI saMdhyAnAM aMdhArAM patharAtAM lagI vAMcatA e besatA. kavArtAo, jIvanacaritro ne kavitA- sAhityathI thayelI zarUAta dhIme dhIme dharma ane tattvajJAnanA viSayo uparAMta purAtattva, sikkAzAstra, bhASAzAstra Adi anekavidha kSetromAM vistarI. lokasAhityanA Adi puraskartA sva. raNajitarAma pachI, paNa gijubhAI ne meghANInI pahelAM zrI. AcArye gAmaDe gAmaDe pharI lokagIte bhegAM karelAM; kavitAnA kSetramAM paNa emanI kalama cAlelI. cheka i. sa.

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thaze ane prathakAra pu. 10 1923 mAM "samAlocakamAM "vanaphUlanI sahIthI lakhelA "sItA-vivAsana nAme lAMbA kAvyamAMthI mAtra vAnagI tarIke thoDIka paMktio ahIM utArIe. Uge zazAMka, rajanI ramaNI dhIrethI AliMgane bhuja bhIDI nija kaMTha bAMdhe; tArAvali camakatI kahiM vyomabhAge. maMdAkinI jala-paDayAM kumudAvali zI. A arasAmAM kavi nhAnAlAlanA nikaTa paricayamAM teo AvelA. emanI lekhanapravRtti zarUAtamAM "kumAra" ane pachI "prakRti' pUratI ja maryAdita rahI che, paNa emAM vahevaDAvela samRddha jJAnarAzithI teo gujarAtanA ananya prakRtividda tarIke khyAti pAmyA che. e sauthI vadhu prasiddhi pAmyA, kadAca "kumAramAM "vanecaranI sahIthI lakhelI emanI lekhamALA vanavagaDAnAM vAsI'mAM apAyelAM pakSI-prANIonA abhyAsa ane nirIkSaNabharyA rasaprada paricayothI; emanAM bIjAM lakhANa paNa ucca kakSAnAM che. rAmamUrti, gAmA ane jhibizke jevA mallaziromaNionAM caritro, cheDI pakSI-prANIkathAo tathA "svAdhya-zakti saundarya'nA vibhAgamAM AvatI zarIrasauSThava paranI nadhi uparAMta "akhADa" ne khabhe khaDi" nAmanA temaNe saMbhALelA "kumAra'nA vibhAgo paNa eTalA ja lokapriya nIvaDelA. prakRtivijJAnanA abhyAsamAM pote kema praveza karyo enI temaNe nIce ApelI hakIkata lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI cheH "prakRti-avakananA abhyAsane mArA jIvanamAM praveza thayo che kevaLa akasmAta rUpe ja. sane 1929 ne Disembara mAsa hatA. eka divase bapore huM kumAra kAryAlayamAM beThe hatA. e vakhate zrI. bacubhAI TapAlamAM AvelA kAgaLa vAMcatA hatA, mane nirAmI besI rahela joI emaNe TapAlamAM Avela "IDiyana sTeTa relvejha megejhIna no nAtAla nimite prasiddha thayela khAsa aMka kALa vyatIta karavA Ape, alasapaNe enAM pAnAM pheravavA mAMDatAM "bhAratavarSanI divAcara pataMgikAo (Butterflies)" viSayane lekha emAM mArA jovAmAM AvyuM. enA lekhaka muMbAInI "naizanala hisTarI sosAyaTInA kyureTara zrI. esa. eca. preTara hatA. lekhanI sAthe pataMgikAonI suMdara dehachaTA ne varNa zebhAnI pratIti ApatuM ramaNIya citra paNa hatuM. citrathI AkapaMI huM e lekha vAMcI gaye. ane e vizenuM vizeSa jJAna meLavavAnI

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kAra-saritAzi ya utkaMThA mArA manamAM jAgrata thaI. aMgrejI sAhityanA, vAcana dvArA pataMgiyAnAM e leAkAnAM abhyAsa ane rasavRttithI huM paricita hatA, paraMtu ApaNA dezamAM AvAM rUpALAM pataMgiyAM thAya che te ene abhyAsa sAmAnya jana paNa saraLatAthI karI zake che tenuM teA mate e ghaDIe ja bhAna thayuM. e thatAM ja me, lekhake pramANurUpa gaNAvelA evansapraNIta 'bhAratavarSanAM pata'giyAM' graMtha kharIdyo. prakRti-avalAkananA kSetramAM mAruM e prathama pAdA'Nu. e samaye utpanna thayeluM kutUhala sAmAnya janasutrabha kutUhala ja mAtra hatuM. e samaye meM kalpeluM nahi ke AvI eka ati sAmAnya jijJAsA dvArA mAruM abhyAsakSetra palaTAI jaze te yadacchA rApAyelA eka bIjamAMthI ATale vizALa vRkSAdhirAja phAlaze phUlaze......... ...eka sezansa jaja kalApremI ane pakSIenA bhAre abhyAsI hatA. emanI sAthe mAre piracaya vadhatAM emaNe mane pakSIemAM rasa letA karyAM. savizeSa pakSIe pALavAneA cepa te emaNe ja mane lagADelA. e vakhate mAruM samagra dhyAna kITakasaSTinAM abhyAsa-avalAkanamAM sthira thayuM hatuM. eTale pakSI-avalAkanamAM mane vadhu utsAha thayA na hate. paraMtu e sajjananA sabaMdhanA ceAge pakSIpAlananAM te huM gAMDA banele. e vAtane vIsa varSa thaI gayAM. AraMbhanI pataMgiyAMnI sRSTinA paricayamAMthI anya kITakasRSTinA paricaya, pakSIpAlanamAMthI pakSIparicaya, pachI sApa, dheA Adi sarisRpo tathA mIThA jaLanI mAmblInI sRSTi, pachI kareALiyA,----ema uttarAttara mArI jijJAsA dhadhatAM huM prakRtinAM anyonya ageAnAM paricaya, avalAkana ane abhyAsamAM parAvAyA. e paLathI Aja sudhInAM azeSa varSamAM AhArAdi zarIra-vyavahAro ane vittopArjananA vyavasAya karavAmAMthI bacelA samagra samayanA upayeAga me mArA A navA vyuAsaMgamAM karelA che. e sATe meM bhAre puruSA paNu karyA che. aradhI rAte ekAda ajANyA pakSIne melatuM sAMbhaLIne saphALA jAgIne enA piracaya karavA dADauM chuM. vaSa~ sudhI, pratyeka rajAe, brAhma mu`thI rAtri paMta, AkhA divasa amadAvAdanA parisarAmAM khabhe DiyA bharAvIne huM AthaDayo chuM. e ja viSayanA vadhu daDhIkaraNa arthe avakAza maLye me' pagapALA aneka paribhramaNA karyA che. pariNAme prANIjIvananAM vividha pAsAMonuM je jJAna mane raNabhUmi, araNyA ane pahADI pradezeAmAM thayuM che e aneka graMthaiAnA vAcanathI paNa hu` bhAgye ja meLavI zakyo hota. chatAM mArA abhyAsa kevaLa prANIjIvanamAM ja parimita rahelA nathI. prANIjIvananI kAlika utkrAntinA praznanA vicAra aMge mAre bhUvidyAnA,

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thaze ane graMthakAra pu. 10 savizeSa purANu jIvavidyAnA aMga samA utpAta azmIbhUta avazeSone abhyAsa paNa kare paDe che. vanaspatione paNa huM bhUlyo nathI, e ke emane saMgraha karavAnI mArI pravRtti sAdhanonA abhAve vegavatI thaI zakI nathI." Ama kevaLa pakSI paricaya ja nahi paNa samasta prakRtinA abhyAsaavalokanano zokha jAge tyAre e pravRttie emanA mana ne samayane kabaje laI lIdhela. pachI to ghera paNa paMkhIo pALyAM ane bhADAnA nAnA gharanI sAMkaDI parasALamAM paNa pAMjarAMonI bhIDa jAmavA mAMDI. mAtra sAhitya ane vijJAnanA ja nahi, paraMtu dhaMdhA-vyavasAya ke anya nimitte hAtha caDatA koI paNa kSetranA viSayanuM bane teTaluM bArIka jJAna meLavavAnI emanI khAsiyata ja thaI paDI che. TUMkamAM zrI. AcArya vidvAna "hobIIsTa' che. vividha pakSIo tathA sarpa, matsya, kITake, kaLiyA AdinuM temane UMDuM jJAna che. muMbaInA prakRti vijJAna-maMDaLa', tathA "bombe necarala hisTarI sosAyaTI'nA teo agragaNya sabhya che. e sosAyaTInA mukhapatra kITakajJAna vize AvelI emanAM amuka vidhAnonI nadhei tadvidamAM mAnya thaI che. jAta-jAherAta pratye udAsIna hovAthI teo pramANamAM jAheramAM ghaNuM ja ochA jANItA che. emaNe kadi bhASaNo ApyAM nathI; "kumAra" ane "prakRti" sivAya kyAM ya lekha lakhyA nathI.' I. 1938mAM emaNe mitro tathA e viSayamAM rasa lenArAone prerI prerIne gujarAta prakRti maMDaLanI sthApanA karI; ne e saMsthA taraphathI gujarAtImAM vijJAnanuM prathama trimAsika "prakRti' zarU karyuM. tenA taMtrI tarIke temaNe abhyAsapracura ane viThanamAnya lekhe, nedha tathA saMpAdana vaDe gujarAtanA nAmane hiMdabharamAM UjaLuM karyuM che. gujarAtanA prakRtivijJAnanA kSetramAM sva. jayakRSNa IndrajI pachI temanuM nAma mokhare Ave che. temanA prakRtivijJAnanA UMDA abhinivezane mATe zrI AcAryane gujarAta sAhitya sabhA taraphathI I. sa. 1947ne raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka paNa enAyata thayele. mAsikamAM daTAI rahelAM temanAM lakhANo vahelI take pustakAkAre pragaTa thAya te IcchavAjoga che. abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. gujarAta sAhitya sabhAnI kAryavAhI 1947-48, _* caMdrakapadAna samAraMbha nimitte zrI bacubhAI rAvate lakhelo temanI paricaya-patrikA parathI

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puravaNI kRSNaprasAda lallubhAI bhaTTa sAhityanI duniyAmAM lagabhaga aprasiddha chatAM chellAM 20-22 varSoMthI ekadhArI lekhana-pravRtti calAvI rahela zrI. kRSNaprasAda bhadraM kapaDavaMjanA vatanI ane vIsanagarA nAgara brAhmaNu che. temanA janma tA. 12-9-1911 nA rAja paMcamahAla jillAmAM AvelA dAheAda zaheramAM thayeleA. temanA |patAnuM nAma lallubhAI rAmazaMkara bhaTTa tathA mAtAnuM nAma AnaMdIbahena che. temaNe be vAra lagna karelAM che. paheluM I. sa. 1942mAM zrI. vIrabALA sAthe ane khIju I. sa. 1951mAM zrI. UrmilA sAthe. dAheAdamAM prAthamika tema ja mAdhyamika zikSaNa meLavI tyAMnI nyu hAIskUlamAMthI tee i. sa. 1925mAM meTrika ane ghera beThe abhyAsa karIne i. sa. 1929mAM alIgaDha vizvavidyAlayanA bI. e. thayA che. temanA mukhya vyavasAya chApakhAnuM calAvavA sAthe graMtha-lekhanane che. i. sa. 1930mAM TvAda gaeNjheTa' nAmanu' vamAnapatra agrejI, gujarAtI ane hiMdI ema traNa bhASAmAM te pragaTa karatA. e arasAmAM sva. pU. ThakkarabApAnA saMparkamAM AvatAM bhIla jevI AdivAsI * ane garIba kAmanI sevA karavAnI bhAvanA temanAmAM jAgI. tyArathI sevA ane kata vyapAlananI dRSTithI temaNe lekhanakA calAvyuM che. temaNe daridrasthitinI yAtanAonA sArI peThe anubhava karyAM che. eTale daridra-zrImatanI virodha- sthiti temanAM lakhANAnA pradhAna viSaya bane che. vidyArthI-avasthAmAM hatA tyArathI ja temaNe lekhanapravRtti AraMbhelI. seALa varSAM jevaDI, nAnI uMmare temaNe peAtAnI prathama maulika navalakathA * pratijJAnI pUrNAMti' pragaTa karelI. tyArabAda urdU, hiMdI, baMgALI ane marAThI bhASAne temaNe abhyAsa karyAM. nAlDajha, zaradakhAmu vagere lekhakAMvI vArtAracanA ane temanA sAmAjika vicArAthI AkarSAtAM navalakathAne temaNe peAtAnA priya sAhityaprakAra banAvyeA. gItAe batAvelA kayAga ane sevA tathA tyAganA vicArene rajU karavAnA hetuthI pAte navalakathAo lakhI che ema temanuM vaktavya che. navalakathAnA kalAsvarUpa ke tenI Alekhana zailInI dRSTie nahi teTalI temAM vyakta thatA jIvananA prazno, vicArA ke AdarzonI STie temanI navalA dhyAnapAtra che. saraLatA, medhakatA ane Umi`latA temanAM lakhANAmAM mukhyatve varatAya che.

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graMtha ane thAra 3010 temaNe aMgrejI, sa MskRta, urdU, hiMdI ema judI judI bhASAomAMthI anuvAdakRtie ApI che e paNa temanI viziSTatA gaNAya. mULa phArasImAMthI gujarAtImAM utAreluM khalila jibrAnanuM ' rudanaane hAsya ' ziSAnanA gujarAtamAM thayelA anuvAdomAM sauthI vizeSa pramANabhUta che. eka puruSanI AsapAsa gUMthAyelA eka vezyA, vidhavA ane tenI nAnI bahenanA praNayakissAne avalabIne samAjoti, grAmasudhAraNA, bekArI, harijaneAnI sevA vagere praznonI mImAMsA karatI sAmAjika navalakathA * praNayayajJa ' temanI sarvottama maulika kRti che. enu' pachIthI nATakamAM rUpAMtara karavAmAM AveluM ane phrIlenDagaMjanA relve inDiyana InsTiTyUTe te nATakane bhajavI tene cakrane pAtra TharAveluM. chellAM cAreka varSathI te amadAvAdamAM sthira thayA che te chApakhAnuM calAve che. kRtio racanA prakAzana prakAzaka maulika, saMpAdana mULa kRti ke kartAnuM nAma sAthe sAthe ke anuvAda maulika kRtinuM nAma prakAra 1. pratijJAnI navalakathA 1927 1927 pUrNAhUti 2. pratApI aitihAsika 1928 1928 raNajItasi MhajI mRtyu navalakathA presa prabhAta kAryAlaya 7. prapa`capratimA ,, 4. caMdravINA 5. snehaz2yAti 6. baLavaMta prabhA "" 7. jherI nAgaNa 8. vairI ke premI ?,, "" 19 .. 29 "2 .. . .. "2 39 .. "" 9. premI yugala kathAkAvya 30 10. cadrameAhinI navalakathA 11. kIrtanamALA bhajanA 1931 1931 bhaTTa bradharsa eNnDa kAM. "" 39 59 madadagAra, naDiyAda 99 1930 1930 rADalAla meAtIlAla,, prakAza kAryAlaya "2 . 39 bhaTTa pradha 99 93 .. "" 99 "9 91 99 39 99 95 "" enDa kAM. 12. adbhuta yAgI navalakathA 1935 1935 kRSNa nArAyaNa presa,, 13. praNayajavALa 1931 1935 anuvAda raeNnAlDaamRta 'vesar dha veravulpha'

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thakA-pitAvali 14. praNayayajJa ,, 576 1940 dehada gesTa ophisa maulika 15. samAjane za3 , 194 1941 kRSNanArAyaNa presa , 11. sarasapura rAsa-kAvyo >> a >> " 17. bhagavAna jIvanacaritra 1043 193 sAgaramala muLacaMda , mahAvIra talATI 18. ratnAkara pacIsI kavitA >> che ja anuvAda saMskRta . ratnAkarapaJcaviMzati 19. bhedI mAnava navalakathA 1949 1949 Adarza pu. bhaMDAra maulika 20. yugapurUSanuM gaghamuktake 1950 150 , anuvAda khalila jibrAna * upavana kRta 'dha gArDana opha dha propheTa" 21. rudana ane hAsya , , , " jibrAnakRta "azka vata varasumamAMthI 22. vastInA deva * , jibrAnakRta "dha atha goDajha" 23. siMha senApati navalakathA 51 151 , , hulajIkRta (hiMdImAMthI) 24. rAja zrIpAla , , , navacetana sA. maMdira maulika 25. zivapurANa kAvya e che mahAdeva rA, jAguTTe anuvAda saMskRta zivapurANa 26. garuDapurANa . " saMskRta garuDapurANa ra. jaMgala samrATa navalakathA 152 195ra Adarza pu. bhaMDAra maulika

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(munizrI) puNyavijayajI prAcyavidyAnA mahAna paMDita ane prAkRta bhASAnA UMDA abhyAsI tathA saMzodhaka munizrI puNyavijayajInuM saMsArI nAma maNilAla hatuM. temane janma vikrama saMvata 19paranA kArataka sudi 9nA roja thayele. temanA pitAnuM nAma DAhyAbhAI dozI, mAtAnuM nAma mANekabahena (dIkSita thayA pachI zrI ratanazrIjI) ane vatana kapaDavaMja, kapaDavaMjamAM ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanI khaDakImAM maNilAlanuM ghara hatuM. teo jyAre be traNa mahinAnA hatA, tyAre eka vakhata temanA mahellAmAM kudaratI kopathI Aga lAgI. Akho ya mahele baLIne khAkha thaI gayA. maNilAlanuM ghara paNa bhaDake baLavA lAgyuM. bALaka maNilAla A samaye gharamAM ghaDiyAmAM sUtA hatA. temanAM mAtA nadIe kapaDAM dhovA ' gayela. gharamAM bIjuM koI hatuM nahi, kemake pitA dhaMdhArthe muMbaI rahetA. aMdarathI bALakanI cIse sAMbhaLIne kaI sAhasika vahorA sane baLatA gharamAM pesI bALakane bacAvI lIdhe. baLatA nibhADAmAMthI IzvarakRpAe salAmata nIkaLelAM bilADInAM baccAMnI jema ja jANe maNilAla jIvatA rahevA pAmyA. A AganA prasaMga pachI pitAcha kapaDavaMja AvIne kuTuMbane muMbaI teDI gayA. AthI maNilAlane nAnapaNathI ja muMbaI rahevAne prasaMga bane. teo lagabhaga ATheka varSa muMbaI rahyA ane tyAM temaNe gujarAtI cha dhoraNa sudhI abhyAsa pUro karyo. eTalAmAM temanA pitAjI avasAna pAmyA. vidhavA thayelAM mAtAne jaina dIkSA levAne vicAra thayA, paNa dasa varSanA anAtha bALakane TaLavaLatI sthitimAM choDI kema devAya? tethI temaNe maNilAlane prathama dIkSita banAvavA vicAryuM. bALakane laI pAlitANA tIrthasthAnamAM comAsuM karI, tyAMnI navANuM yAtrA vidhipUrvaka patAvI teo chANI (vaDodarA) gAmamAM te samaye birAjamAna zrI kAnivijyajInA munimaMDaLanA caraNe pahoMcyAM. tyAM tera varSanI umaranA maNilAlane temaNe vi. saM. 1965nA mahA vadi pAMcamane divase dIkSA apAvI ane guruzrI caturavijayajIe bALakanuM dharmanAma puNyavijayajI rAkhyuM. bIje ja divase temanAM mAtAjIe paNa dIkSA lIdhI.

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graMthakAra-caritAvali praguru zrI kAntivijayajInI mamatA ane kALajIe zrIpuNyavijayajInA vidyA jIvananuM UMcuM ghaDatara karyuM. temanA abhyAsa mATe je be cAra adhyApakone upayoga thayele temAM paMDita zrI. sukhalAlajInuM nAma mokhare che. vaLI guruzrI caturavijayajI zAstranA saMpAdana tathA saMzodhananA bhAre rasika hovAthI tene zaikha zrI puNyavijayajIne paNa lAgyo, te eTale sudhI ke zArIrika kaSTo veThIne paNa sanniSThApUrvaka saMzodhanakArya karavAnuM Aja sudhI temaNe cAlu rAkhyuM che. ATha mAsa gAmapratigAma pharatAM pharatAM tema comAsAnA sthiravAsamAM paNa temanI jJAnasAdhanA cAlu ja rahI che. praguru vRddhAvasthAmAM hovAthI munijane pATaNamAM lAgalAga2 aDhAra varasa rahevAnuM thayuM; te daramiyAna pATaNanA ekeeka bhaMDAranuM avalokana temaNe karyuM ane judA judA tamAma bhaMDArone temanA guru ane pragurunI preraNAthI eka vyavasthita jJAnamaMdiranA rUpamAM pheravI nAkhavAne vicAra mUrta banyo. ene pariNAme pATaNamAM hemacaMdrAcArya jena jJAnamaMdiranI sthApanA thaI. bhaMDAranAM pustakonuM vargIkaraNa karIne je sarasa goThavaNI temAM thaI che, enI pAchaLa munizrIne bhAre zrama rahele che. bhaMDAronAM tamAma pustakonuM eka moTuM lakheluM sacipatra paNa temaNe taiyAra kareluM che. e jJAnamaMdiranA pravezaghara pAse je zilAlekha che temAM munizrI puNyavijayajInuM nAma paNa aMkti thayeluM che. bhaMDAronI vyavasthA ane temAMnAM pustakonA vargIkaraNanI sAthe sAthe ja saMpAdana -saMzodhananuM kArya ane ucca abhyAsanA vidyAthIone tathA vidvAnone saMzodhanamAM madada karavAnuM kArya paNa cAlu hatuM. temane hAthe aneka zAstrIo ane saMzodhake ghaDAyA che. De. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, zrI jagadIzacaMdra jana, mUrtizAstranA abhyAsI ane vikaTeriyA myujhiyamanA kayureTara zrI. zAMtilAla chaganalAla upAdhyAya ityAdi temanA ziSyo che. De. beMDara, De. AllaDopha, zrI. madhusUdana modI, pro. kAntilAla vyAsa, zrI. jitendra jeTalI ityAdi vidvAne paNa potAnA saMpAdana-saMzodhana -kAryamAM temanI pAsethI kImatI mArgadarzana pAmatA rahyA che. temanI sAhityapravRttimAM lIMbaDI (saurASTra)nA jJAnabhaMDAranuM saMzodhana tathA tenA moTA sUcipatranuM prakAzana noMdhapAtra che. jaina AgamonA saMpAdana tathA saMzodhananuM bhagIratha kArya temaNe AraMvyuM che ane te kArya adyatana Dhabe karavAne temane manasUbo che. temanI samagra saMzodhana pravRttinuM preraka baLa mukhyatve A kAryamAM raheluM che ema kahI zakAya. e pravRtti mATe prAcInamAM

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100 vatha ane vadhArA prAcIna pratanI zaidha sAru temaNe bhara unALAmAM jesalamIrane vikaTa pravAsa kheDayo che ane tyAM asahya yAtanAo ane parizrama veThIne paNa deDha varSa lagI rahyA che. jesalamIranA graMthabhaMDAre uthalAvavAmAM ane sUkA raNa jevA, kazI jAtanI sagavaDa-suvidhA vinAnA pradezamAM rahI avirata zrama karavAmAM keTalI saniSThA. ane titikSAvRtti joIe che te anubhavIo sArI peThe jANe che. munie e badhuM veThIne jesalamIranA mRtaprAya bhaMDArAne saMjIvanI chAMTI che ema kahIe te kazuM beTuM nathI. bhaMDAronI suvyavasthA karavA uparAMta 214 jeTalI atyaMta dulabha pratonI temaNe pheTe-philma levarAvI lIdhI che. e mAIkrophilmamAM jaina sAhitya uparAMta brAhmaNa sAhitya, bauddha sAhitya vagerenA paNa aneka amUlya graMtha che. jaina Agamo ane bIjAM maLIne kula 49 pustakanA pAThane tyAMnI pratio sAthe meLavIne tenAM pAThAMtare temaNe utarAvI lIdhAM che. lagabhaga 16 jeTalAM jaina Agama ane anya jaina pustakanI pUrI nakale temaNe karAvI che. jesalamIra uparAMta jodhapura, bikAnera ane nAgAranA jJAnaMDAra tathA rAjasthAnanA mukhya mukhya rAjakIya jJAnasaMgrahe paNa temaNe jAte tapAsI lIdhA che. jesalamIranA jJAna bhaMDAre temaNe taiyAra karela vRttAMta tathA tyAMnAM pustakanuM sUcipatra TUMka samayamAM prasiddha thavAnAM che. DaoN. AsaDe paNa jarmana bhASAmAM munizrInA jesalamIranA vasavATa vize eka lekha prasiddha kIdhe che. munizrI lipizAstra (Peliography)mAM nAgarI lipinA asAdhAraNa niSNAta che. lipi uparathI teo hastaprata kaI zatAbdimAM lakhAI che tene cokkasa nirNaya karI zake che. vaLI, pote je lipine ekavAra paricaya kare che te anazuddhapaNe lakhI paNa zake che. munizrInI A virala zakti khAsa noMdhapAtra che. prAcIna sAhityanA saMpAdana ane saMzodhanamAM satata racyApacyA rahetA muni zrI jinavijayajI, paMDita sukhalAlajI ane paM. becaradAsajI vagere vidvAnone saMpAdana-saMzodhana kAryamAM temaNe ghaNuM sahAya karelI che ne haju paNa karatA rahe che. temanI sAthe kAma karavAmAM ghaNuMkharuM amadAvAdanA vatanI munizrI ramaNikavijayajI hoya che. munizrI puNyavijayajIe saMskRtaprAkRtanAM tamAma saMpAdane temanA guruzrI caturavijayajI sAthe karelAM che.* paMDitazrI becaradAsa dezanA saujanyathI

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graMthakAra-caritAvali | mukhya kRtio kRtinuM nAma viSaya prakAzana prakAzana maulika saMpAdana sAla saMsthA ke anuvAda 1. kumitrAnaMdra nATaka saM. 1973 AtmAnaMda sabhA, saMpAdana bhAvanagara saMzodhana 2. prebuddharAhiNeya nATaka saM. 1974 . nAnaprANa tattvajJAna 4. guhAravavitiya tatvajJAna 5. stutiraviMdAti stuti 6. vasudevadikarI mA. 1-2 kathA saM. 1986-87 che. varSatha mA. 1 thI 6 tatvajJAna saM. 1990-96 , 8. vRoNjha bhA. 1-6 AcAravidhAna saM. 1909 ,, -2008 9. kathAno kathA saM. 2000 ,, 10. dharmAsyulahAabdha kAvyuM. bhAratIya vidyAbhavana , | (saMvatarita) muMbaI 11. bhAratIya jaina pramANu-nibaMdha sAsabhAI navAba, maulika saMskRti ane lekhanakalA amadAvAda 12. jesalameranI citrasamRddhi saM. 2008- , 13. vAvapUra Agama saM. 2008 , . * abhyAsa-sAmagrI 1. "eka sAhityayAtrA : Do. bhegIlAla sAMDesarA, buddhiprakAza' (jAnyuAri, 15) 2. jesalamera : prAcIna ane arvAcIna : prA. jitendra jeTalI, "buddhiprakAza" (ogasTa-ATe. 1951) 3. koNa / binama zAnadAra-. vAsudevazaramA. agravAla (nAgarI gAriNI patrikA, varSa , aMka che.

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zivazaMkara prANazaMkara zukala zrI. zivazaMkara zukalane janma temanA vatana godharA khAte zrIgeDa brAhmaNa jJAtimAM i. sa. 1908 mAM thaye hato. temanA pitAnuM nAma prANazaMkara durgAzaMkara ane mAtAnuM nAma revAbahena. patnInuM nAma zAradAbahena. lagnasAla I. sa. 1934. prAthamika abhyAsa godharAmAM pUro karIne zrI. zukale mAdhyamika pahelAM traNa dhoraNo amadAvAdanI sarakArI miDala skUlamAM ane pachInAM be Ara. sI. hAIskUlamAM pUrAM karyA hatAM. eTalAmAM asahakAranI laData zarU thatAM, teo proprAyaTarI hAIskUlamAM dAkhala thayA ane tyAM ja meTrika sudhI bhaNyA. i. sa. 1924 mAM teo e vakhate gAMdhIjInI doravaNI nIce rASTriya zikSaNa ApatA gujarAta vidyApIThanA mahAvidyAlayamAM dAkhala thayA ane 1927mAM e ja saMsthAmAMthI prAcyavidyAnA snAtaka thaIne bahAra AvyA. Ayurveda temane priya abhyAsaviSaya hato. emane te viSayane abhyAsa eTale saMgIna hatA ke pUnAnI Ayurveda kaoNlejamAM eka varSa adhyApaka tarIke kAma karavAnI taka temane sAMpaDI hatI. pachI to temaNe rItasara vaidyane dhaMdho zarU karyo. amadAvAda, godharA ane zaherAmAM keTalAMka varasa temaNe svataMtra davAkhAnuM calAvyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1946 mAM viSama kauTuMbika paristhitine kAraNe temanuM citta thoDe vakhata asvastha rahyuM hatuM. pachI svasthatA prApta thatAM teo gujarAta vidyApIThanA pustakAlayamAM sahAyaka graMthapAla tarIke joDAyA hatA. hAla teo amadAvAdanA majura mahAjananA pustakAlayanA graMthapAla tarIke kAma kare che. zrI zivazaMkare lekhana-pravRttine AraMbha bhadra-vyAyAmazALAnA hastalikhita mAsikathI karyo hato. vidyApIThamAM joDAyA bAda sAbaramatI' mAsikanuM taMtra saMbhALavAnI pharaja AvI paDatAM temanI sAhitya-pravRttine sAre vega" maLe. graMthapAlanA vyavasAye temanA vAcanane bahuvidha banAvyuM. kAlidAsa, jibrAna, cekhAva, TelisToya, TAgora, gAMdhIjI ane kAlelakara temanA priya graMthakAra che. bhUgoLa, vaidaka, vanaspatio, prakRtisaundarya ane majurajIvana ema vividha viSaye mATe zokha temanuM racivaividhya batAve che. bhinna bhinna viSaya para temaNe chUTaka lekhe rUpe temaja graMthasvarUpe rasALa ane satvazIla lakhANa ThIka pramANamAM kareluM che.

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graMthakA-pitAvali 103 lekhanakAryamAM AtmazraddhA besatAM zrI zukale sauthI prathama cekhAvanI vArtAone anuvAda karyo ane tenA be saMgraha prasiddha karyA. pachI te kAkAsAhebanI chatrachAyAmAM temanI pravRtti maheratI gaI ane zailI paNa khIlatI gaI-je ke kAlelakara uparAMta temanA bhAI zrI. caMdrazaMkara zukala, gAMdhIjI ane amuka aMze munazInI zilInI asara temanAM lakhANomAM varatAyA vinA rahetI nathI. - "saritAthI sAgara' zrI zukalanI zreSTha kRti che. emAM temaNe gAMdhIjInI atihAsika dAMDIkUcanuM jIvaMta ane pramANabhUta varNanacitra ApeluM che. pArasamaNinA sparzathI lehanuM suvarNa thaI jAya evI gAMdhIjInA e vIsa divasanA aMta prerita yuddhapravAsanI camatkArika asara temaNe varNavI batAvI che. mahAtmAjI ane temanA sainikone kendramAM rAkhIne gujarAtanAM gAmaDAMmAM Avela cetana, dezabharamAM jAgela Andolana ane rAjyasattAne thayela saMbhanuM ekI sAthe yathArtha darzana temAM temaNe karAvyuM che. vaLI dAMDIkUcanA banAvane ItihAsanI hakIkata tarIke kevaLa varNanAtmaka ke kathanAtmaka zailImAM kahI javAne badale temaNe tenI sAthe Doka kalpanAno saMbhAra paNa bharyo che. bIjA anekenI jema traNa juvAna vidyArthIone satyAgrahIonI sAthe pravAsa karatA kalapIne lekhake dAMDIkucanA pratyeka daye pADelI chApane AtmalakSI raMge raMgavAnI ThIka anukULatA karI lIdhI che. temAM nirUpAyelI prakRtinI prasannagaMbhIra bhUmikA ane lekhakanI smRtimAMthI svayameva sarI paDatA kAvyaddagAre pustakamAMnA bhavya ne saghana ItihAsa-citrane suMdara uThAva Ape che. gAMdhIjIe prajAne karAvelI svarAjya-yAtrAnA addabhuta ne amara prasaMga dAMDIkUca para mahAkAvya te racAya tyAre kharuM; paNa tenI ItihAsazuddha hakIkatane suMdara citrarUpe sAkAra karIne zrI zukale ene cirakALa paryata-nidAna mahAkAvyane lakhanAra Ave tyAM lagI-lokakalpanAmAM maDhI levAnuM ISTa kArya karyuM che e temanI nahAnIsUnI sAhityasevA nathI. kAkAsAhebanI haLavI ane prasannagaMbhIra zailInuM saphaLa anusaraNa karatuM "gujarAtanI lokamAtAo nAmanuM pustaka zrI zukalanuM bIjuM viziSTa arpaNa che. emanI A prakAranI gadyakRtio A dAyakAnA eka AzAspada nibaMdhikAkAra tarIke zrI. zivazaMkarane paricaya: karAve che. temanI pAse vAcana, avakana, anubhava, kalpanA ane varNanazaktinuM sAruM evuM bhAtuM che.

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temanI zailImAM vaiyaktika viziSTatA ane ciMtanamAM pAvatA AvatAM zujansInA samartha nibaMdhakAramAM temane avazya sthAna maLaze. 'mAdhavanidhAna' nAnuM temanuM vaiva-viSayaka pustaka varSothI Arveda kemejemAM pAThya pustaka tarIke vaparAya che. . katizaya katinuM nAma prakAra mizana prakAza maulika. mULatinuM anuvAda nAma 1 hadayamaMthana bhA. 1 zarmAe anuvAda cevanI vArtAo sAla 3. Tekane khAtara navalakathA * premacaMdajI kRta 4. yugAMtara * * maulika 5. mAdhavanidAna Ayuveda saMskRta graMthanuM mImAMsa bhASAMtara-saMpAdana 1. saritAthI sAra etihAsika 1949 gurjara maulika kathAnaka graMtharatna kA. amadAvAda 7. gujarAtanI nadIo nidhiAmA 1949 kamala * prakAzana caMdira, amadAvAda jayA-mI kha" pheSaAri 150.

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3. ka. - graMthakAronI sUci ( zretha ane graMthakAra', pustaka-ekathI dase) graMthakAranuM nAma 1. akabaraalI nurAnI 2. bhikSu akhaMDAnaMda che. The. atisukhakara kamaLAzaMkara triveda 4. kAjI anavaramiyAM 5. anaMtaprasAda trikamalAla vaiSNava 6. pro. anaMtarAya maNizaMkara rAvaLa 7. saiyada abujhaphara binasaiyada hakIma abuhabIba nadavI 9 8. abdula sattArakhAna paThANa (bhA sattArazAha) za 9. amRtalAla nAnakezvara bhaTTa 10. amRtalAla paDhiyAra 11. amRtalAla motIlAla zAha, 12. amRtalAla ratanajI trivedI (dijakumAra) 13. aradezara pharAmajI khabaradAra 14. aMbAlAla siMhalAla zAha 15. aMbAlAla bAlakRSNa purANI 16. aMbAlAla bulAkhIrAma jAnI 17. dI. ba. aMbAlAla sAkaralAla desAI 18. aMbelAla kazanajI vazI 19. AtmArAma motIrAma dIvAnajI 20. AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAi dhruva AzArAma dalIcaMda zAha 22. icchArAma sUryarAma desAI 22. indirAnaMda lalitAnaMda paMDita 24. indulAla kanaiyAlAla yAjJika 25. indulAla phUlacaMda gAMdhI 26. Indravadana umiyAzaMkara vasAvaDA 27. IbrAhIma dAdAbhAI bekAra (bekAra) 28. IbrAhIma lAkhANuM 14

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4 ? GM graMtha ane thathakAra za0 10 graMthakAranuM nAma pustaka pRSTha 29. ImAmakhAna kayaripana 150 30. imAmazAha, luzAha bAnavA 31. ImAmuddIna daragAhavAlA 117 kara. IzvarabhAI motIbhAI paTela (peTalIkara) 33. IzvaralAla prANalAla khAnasAheba 4. IzvaralAla mULacaMda vImAvALA 103 - 5. ucharaMgarAya kezavalAla ojha 34. uttamalAla kezavalAla trivedI 37. umAzaMkara jeThAlAla joSI * 8. eca jehAMgIra tArAporavAlA - 38. elekajhAnDara kinloka phorbsa 40. kanubhAI hakumatarAye desAI dA. kanaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara dave 42. kanaiyAlAla mANekalAla munazI 38. kamaLAzaMkara prANazaMkara trivedI 44. karasanadAsa narasiMha mANeka 45. karasanadAsa mULajI 46. karImamahamada mAstara 47. kalyANajI viThThalabhAI mahetA 48. kalyANarAya nathubhAI joSI, '16 49. kAntilAla baLadevarAma vyAsa 50. kAlidAsa bhagavAnadAsa kavi 158 51. kAzIbahene bahecaradAsa jaDiyA para. kAzIrAma bhAIzaMkara ojhA (premI) praka. kilAbhAI ghanazyAma bhaTTa 54. kizoralAla ghanazyAmalAla mazarUvALA apa. kisanasiMha goviMdasiMha cAvaDA " kuMvara ANaMdajI zAha 105 57. kuNuprasAda lallubhAI bhaTTa 58. kRSNarAva bhoLAnAtha diveTiyA 59. kRSNalAla jeThAlAla zrIdharANa 60. kRSNalAla mohanalAla jhaverI 1 28 11 10.

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151 kA-sUci ' graMthakAranuM nAma 61. kRSNalAla sUrajarAma vakIla Ara. kekhuzare navarojajI kAbarAjI 8. kezavajI vizvanAtha trivedI 64. kezavaprasAda choTAlAla desAI 65. kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrI 66. kezavelAla motIlAla parIkha 7. kezavaMlAla haragoviMdadAsa zeTha 68. kezarvalAla harirAma bheTuM che 8. dI. ba. kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruva che. kezavalAla hiMmatalAla kAmadAra kauzikarAma vighahararAma mahetA 2. khuzavadana caMdulAla ThAkara u3. khuzAlarAya sArAbhAI gaganavihArI lallubhAI mahetA gajendrarAya gulAbarAya jUtha gajendrazaMkara lAlazaMkara paMDayA g7. gaTulAla gopIlAla dhru . 5. gaTulAlajI gaNapatarAma anupamarAma travADI - gaNapatarAma rAjArAma bhaTTa 41 gaNezajI jeThAbhAI dubaLa 82. gaMgAzaMkara maNizaMkara vaiSNava 83. gijubhAI bhagavAnajI badhekA 84. girijAzaMkara mayArAma bhaTTa (birIza) 85. girijAzaMkara vallabhajI AcArya 86. zrI giridharazarmAjI. guNavaMtarAya AcArya 88. gulAbadAsa harajIvanadAsa brokara 8. hAjI gulAmaalI hAjI IsmAIla (rahImanI) 2. gokuLadAsa kuberadAsa mahetA 8. gokuLadAsa dvArakAdAsa rAyacurA hira. gopAlajI kalyANajI delavADAkara che. 80. : 155 19 ( 121

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pRSTha 8 19 0 0 108 ra: 0 0 " pa 21 0 0 0 0 0 15 21 thatha ane graMthakAra pa. 16 graMthakAranuM nAma. pustaka 9. gopALarAva gajAnana vikAsa 10 17 94. gopALarAva hari dezamukha 10 41 95. gopALarAva DAhyAbhAI ejIniyara 5 158 96. govardhanadAsa kahAnadAsa amIna 156 97. goviMdabhAI rAmabhAI amIna 98. goviMdabhAI haribhAI paTela 98. goviMdabhAI hAthIbhAI desAI 100. gaurIzaMkara govardhanarAma joSI (dhUmaketu) 11. caturabhAI zaMkarabhAI paTela 102. caturbhuja mANakezvara bhaTTa 51 103, caMdulAla jeThAlAla vyAsa 124 104. caMdulAla maNilAla desAI 141 15. caMdravadana cImanalAla mahetA 10. caMdravadana cunIlAla zAha 107. caMdravidyAnaMda zrIkRSNAnaMda paMDayA, 123 . 198. caMdrazaMkara amRtalAla bUca 58 109. caMdrazaMkara narmadAzaMkara paMDaLyA 110. caMdrazaMkara prANazaMkara zukala 13. caMdrazaMkara maNizaMkara bhaTTa 112. caMpakalAla lAlabhAI mahetA 113. zrImatI cAleMTe 114. cAMpazI viThThaladAsa uddezI 115. cImanalAla DAhyAbhAI dalAla 116 cImanalAla dAmodaradAsa piAThI 11. cImanalAla maganalAla DokaTara 118. cunIlAla vardhamAna zAha 129. chaganalAla ThAkoradAsa modI 1raka chaganalAla vidyArAma rAvaLa 121. chaganalAla harilAla paMDayA 1rara. choTAlAla caMdrazaMkara zAstrI 13. choTAlAla DAhyAbhAI jAgIradAra 124. choTAlAla narabherAma bhaTTa - - - 4 53. - - - 58 - - - 105 21 - ra - - = 18 - a

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graMthakAra-sUci graMthakAranuM nAma 125. cheoTAlAla khAlakRSNu purANI 126, TAlAla mAnasiMhu kAmadAra 127. jagajIvana kAlidAsa pAThaka 128. * jagajIvanadAsa trikamajI kAThArI (eliyA joSI) 129. jagajIvanadAsa dayALajI meAdI jagajIvanadAsa mAvajIbhAI kapAsI 13. 131. jagannAtha dAmeAdara tripAThI (sAgara) 132. jaTAzaMkara izvaracaMdra nAndI 137, 133. jaTAzaMkara jayacaMdabhAI AdIlazAha 134. jaTAzaMkara lIlAdhara trivedI 135. jadurAya du`bhajI khaDiyA 136. janArdana nAnAbhAI prabhAskara janubhAI acaratalAla saiyaDha 138. janmaza Mkara mahAzaMkara bUca (lalita) 139. jamiyatarAma gaurIza'kara zAstrI 140, jayakRSNe nAgaradAsa varmA 141. jayaMtakumAra maNiza kara bhaTTa 14ra. munizrI jayaMtavijayajI 14. jayaMti ghelAbhAI dalAla 144. jayaMtilAla narAttama dhyAnI 145. jayaMtilAla maphatalAla AcAya jayamanagaurI beAmezacaMdra pAThakajI jayarAma jeThAbhAI nayagAMdhI jayasukharAma puruSAttama joSIpurA 149. jayasukhalAla kRlAla mahetA 150. jayendrarAya bhagavAnalAla dUrakALa 151. jAMgIra aradezara tAliyArakhAna 152. jahAMgIrajI nasaravAnajI paTela (gulphrAma) 153. jApharaalI mistrI (asIra) 154, munizrI jinavijayajI 14. 140. 148. 155. jIvanajI jamazedajI meAdI 156. jIvanalAla amarazI mahetA pustaka. huM T 2 10 5 7 3. 1 d 4 4 2 9 9 10 3 ra 109 pRSTha 24 192 19; 25:109 Ap 112 120 26 159 209 RE 73 RE kara * 122 113 3. 14 pa ha 28 ra1. sa 83 74 85 20 160 79 77 i

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graMthakAranuM nAma 15. jIvAbhAI revAbhAI paTela 12. jugatarAma cimanalAla dave 5. jeThAlAla geAvanadAsa zAha 16. jeThAlAla cimanalAla zAha 16-1. jeThAlAla jIvaNalAla gAMdhI 162. jeThAlAla nArAyaNa trivedI 163. jeAMgIra baherAmajI marjhabAna 164. revarnDa josepha Telara 165. yetIndra hariharazaMkara ve 166. jyAhnA zukala 164. jhaveracaMda kAlidAsa medhANI 168, jhaverIlAla umiyAzakara yAjJika graMtha ane zathakAre pustaka 169. jhINAbhAI ratanajI desAi (sneharazmi) 17. DAryAbhAI dheALazAjI 191. DAhyAbhAI pItAMbaradAsa derAsarI (skulabula) 172. DAhyAbhAi lakSmaNabhAi paTela 13. hu garazI dharamazI saMpaTa 174. DaoNlararAya raMgIladAsa mAMkaDa 105 tArAcaMda pApaTalAla aDAlajA 176. tArAbahena meDika 197. tribhuvana gaurIzaMkara vyAsa 178. tribhuvana jamanAdAsa zeTha 19. tribhuvana puruSettamadAsa luhAra (suMdarama) 180. tribhuvana premazaMkara trivedI 181. tribhuvanadAsa kalyANudAsa gajjara 182. DaoN. tribhuvanadAsa meAtIcaMda zAha 183. dattAtreya bAlakRSNu kAlelakara 184. dattAtreya bAlakRSNa DIsakaLakara 185 dalapatarAma DAhyAbhAI kavi 18. dalapatarAma prANajIvana khakhkhara 187. dAmeAMdara khuzAladAsa kheATAdakara 188. dIpakkhA desAI 9 ' huM 5 3 huM 1 9 ra 10 9 t 9 1 ra 1 1 4 9 pRSTha 25 15 25 23 16 35 24 120 ot 116 26 44 119 123 G 26 }} 9. 29 91 31 36 127 28 30 phara 33 193 4 33 pa 35

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yathAmayi pracAranuM nAma 189. durgArAma machArAma dave (mahetAjI) 190. durgAza'kara kevaLarAma zAstrI 19. durgeza, tuLajAzaMkara zukala 192. durlabha zyAma dhruva 193. dula`bhajI tribhuvana jhaverI 194. dulerAya che.TAlAla aMjAriyA 195. dulAbhAI bhAyAbhAI kAr 96. devakRSNa pItAMbara joSI 197. devacaMdabhAI zeTha 198. devaza'kara vaikuMThajI bhaTTa 199. dezaLajI hAnajI paramAra 200. dolatarAma kRpArAma paMDayA 201. dhanajIbhAi phakIrabhAI 202. dhanaprasAda caMdAlAla munazI 23. dhanazaMkara hIrAza kara tripAThI 24. dhanasukhalAla kRSNalAla mahetA 205: dhIrajalAla amRtalAla bhaTTa 206 dhIrajaluAla TAkarazI zAha 201. dhIrasiddha vaherAbhAI gAhila 208. nagInadAsa nAraNadAsa pArekha 29. naTavaralAla icchArAma desAI 21. naTavaralAla kanaiyAlAla vaiSNava 21. naTavaralAla mULacaMda vImAvALA 212, naTavaralAla raNacheADadAsa zAha 23. natyusiMha . cAvaDA 214. mahArAjazrI nathurAma zarmA ' 215. nathurAma suMdarajI zukala 236. narabhez kara prANujIvana dave (kAThyiAvADI) 21. narasiMhubhAI IzvarabhAI paTela 18. narisa'bhAI mULajIbhAI zAha narisaMharAva bhoLAnAtha dIveTiyA 219. 220. narahira dvArakAdAsa parIkha pustaka :20 ' 10 1 m wyd pRSTha y& 93 } Re 38 120 12-1 11 .39 4 4. HULE 180 da 129 131. 1 4 X 134 te 194 42 Dha 12 39 114 37

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kAra 10 pustaka pRSTha 108 112 213 114 .' 41 115 87 219 15 101 44 2 graMtha ane : - graMthakAranuM nAma ra41. narahari bI. zarmA 222. narmadAzaMkara devazaMkara mahetA rara3. narmadazaMkara bALAzaMkara paMDayA 224. narmadAzaMkara bhogIlAla purohita 25. narmadAzaMkara lAlazaMkara kavi 226. narmadAzaMkara vallabhajI dvivedI * - 227. nalinakAnta narasiMharAva dIveTiyA 228. navalarAma jagannAtha trivedI 29. navalarAma lakSmIrAma paMDayA 20. naMdazaMkara tuLajArAma mahetA 231. nAgaradAsa amarajI paMDayA 232. nAgaradAsa IzvarabhAI paTela 23. nAgaradAsa revAzaMkara paMDayA 234. nAgezvara kavi 25. nAjukalAla naMdalAla cokasI 236. nAthAlAla bhANajI dave 27. nArAyaNa merezvara khare 238. nArAyaNa visanajI Thakakura 23. nArAyaNa hemacaMdra 24. nArAyaNazaMkara devazaMkara vaidyazAstrI 241. nRsiMhaprasAda bhagavAnadAsa vibhAkara 242. nRsiMhaprasAda kAlidAsa bhaTTa : 243. zrI. nRsiMhAcAryajI 244. munizrI nyAyavijayajI 245. nhAnAlAla camanalAla mahetA 246. nhAnAlAla dalapatarAma kavi 247. pannAlAla nAnAlAla paTela 248. pAlanajI barajorajI desAI 248. pIrojazA jahAMgIra marjhabAna (pIjAma) 250. pIMgaLazI pAtAbhAI narelA 251. munizrI puNyavijayajI : ra5ra. puruSottama jogIbhAI bhaTTa 41 42 125 45 120 104 196 17 116 44 122 46 ha8 - 47,

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pRSTha 127 71 V 5 ja. che. * 138 57 graMthakAranuM nAma 257. puruSottama vizrAma mAvajI 254. puruSottama zIvarAma bhaTTa 255. pUjAlAla raNachoDadAsa dalavADI 256. pRthulAla harikRSNa zukala 257. picAi nasaravAnajI pAlIvAlA 258. popaTalAla goviMdalAla zAha 259. pipaTalAla jecaMda aMbANuM 20. pipaTalAla puMjAbhAI zAha . 26. prabhudAsa lAdhAbhAI modI 22. prasannavadana chabIlarAma dIkSita 263. prahUlAda caMdrazekhara dIvAnajI . 264. prat lAda jeThAlAla pArekha 5. prANalAla kIrapArAma desAI 26. prANazaMkara premazaMkara bhaTTa ! prItamarAya vrajarAya desAI premazaMkara harilAla bhaTTa phatehacaMda lAlana, phirojha kAvasajI dAvara 273. phUlacaMda jhaveradAsa zAha 27ra. bacubhAI pipaTabhAI rAvata 373. bacubhAI prabhAzaMkara zukala ra74. baTubhAI lAlabhAI umaravADiyA 275. bahecaralAla trikamajI paTela vihArI) 276. baherAmajI malabArI ra7. baLavaMtarAya kalyANarAya ThAkora 278. bApAlAla garabaDadAsa zAha 279 bALakRSNa cunIlAla joSI (jAti) 280. bAlAbhAI vIracaMda desAI (jayabhikhu) 281. bAlAzaMkara ullAsarAma kaMthAriyA 282. zrImad buddhisAgarajI 283. kavi bulAkhIrAma cakubhAI 284. paM. becaradAsa jIvarAja dezI 168 , 39. para 121 129 5ra 54 131 8 54 129 55

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dha ane kathAra 10 de che - 131 " ja -58 ja ja che 15 >> S 136 134 108 , 57 graMthakAranuM nAma 285. . bhagavAlAla IdrajI 286. bhagavAnalAla lakSmIzaMkara mAMkaDa 287. bhagubhAI phattecaMda kArabhArI 288. bharatarAma bhAnusukharAma mahetA 289. kavi bhavAnIzaMkara narasiMharAma ' ' 290. bhAIcaMda pUjAlAla zAha 201. bhAIzaMkara kuberajI zukala 292. bhAIzaMkara nAnAbhAI bhaTTa 293. bhAnusukharAma nirguNarAma mahetA bhAskararAva gajAnana vikAsa 25. bhIkhAbhAI paraSottama vyAsa 29. bhImarAva bhoLAnAtha diveTiyA 27. bhUlAbhAI jIvaNajI desAI 298. bhegIndrarAva ratanalAla dIveTiyA 299. beMgrIlAla kezavalAla paTavA 300. bhogIlAla jayacaMda sAMDesarA "301. bheLAnAtha sArAbhAI 32. bhoLAzaMkara premajI vyAsa 303. mamatabhAI caturabhAI paTela 04. maLanabhAI bhUdharabhAI paTela (patIla) 305. maganalAla gaNapatirAma 306. maganalAla dalapatarAma khaykhara maganalAla narottamadAsa paTela 308. maganalAla lAlabhAI desAI (kelaka) 309. maganalAla lIlAdhara dvivedI 310. maganalAla vakhatacaMda zeTha 11. maganalAla zaMkarabhAI paTela 312. maTubhAI haragoviMdadAsa kAMTAvALA 10. maNibhAI haribhAI desAI 314. maNilAla IcchArAma desAI 315. maNilAla chabArAma bhaTTa 16. maNilAla choTAlAla pArekha , 0 4 0 4 138 168 13 0 0 0 4 0 140 124 73 0 113 x ja na 14 >> ja - 0 1 7 14 200

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pustaka pRSTha 75 74 145 paTa 88 144. graMthakAvyaSi graMthakAranuM nAma 317. maNilAla jAdavarAya trivedI 18. maNilAla jIvAbhAI dvivedI 319. maNilAla dalapatarAma paTela 320. maNilAla nabhubhAI dozI 321. maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedI 322, maNilAla mohanalAla jhaverI 323. maNilAla mohanalAla pAdarAkara 324. maNizaMkara goviMdajI vaidyazAstrI 25. maNizaMkara jaTAzaMkara kIkANI 326. maNizaMkara ratnajI bhaTTa 'kAnta) 327. madhuvacarAma baLavacarama horA 328. manamohanabhAI puruSottama gAMdhI 329, manasukhalAla maganalAla jhaverI 330. manaHsukharAma sUryarAma tripAThI 331. manahararAma harihararAya mahetA 332. manu ha. dave 333. manubhAI naMdazaMkara mahetA 334. manubhAI rAjArAma paMcoLI (darzaka) 335. manubhAI lallubhAI jodhANI 336. mayArAma zaMbhurAma 337. malahAra bhIkhAjI besare 338. mahamada sAdIkA 339. mahamadaalI bhejANI 340. mahAdeva haribhAI desAI 341. De. mahAdevaprasAda bhogIlAla kaMthAriyA 342. mahAzaMkara IndrajI dave 344. mahAsukhabhAI cunIlAla zeTha 44. mahIpatarAma rUparAma nIlakaMTha 345. maherajIbhAI mANekajI raturA 346. maMgaLajI harajIvana ojhA 347. munizrI maMgaLavijayajI 348. maMjulAla jamanArAma dave 142 125 144 62 14s. 14 126 1 146 124 171 15ra

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t graMtha ane thathakA purva 1 pustaka pRSTha graMthakAranuM nAma 49. majulAla raNacheADalAla majamuMdAra 35. mANekalAla gAvi dalAla joSI 35. mAdhavajI bhImajIbhAI macchar rUpara. mAdhavarAva bAbArAva dIveTiyA 353. mAdhavalAla tribhuvana rAvaLa 354. mAnazaMkara pImAMbaradAsa mahetA 355. mAvajIbhAI dAmajI zAha 356. mukundarAya vijayazaMkara paTTaNI (pArAzaya+) 357. muralIdhara rAmazaMkara ThAkura 358. mUlacaMdra tulasIdAsa telIvAlA 359. mULajI du'bhajI veda 30. mULajIbhAI pI. zAha 361. mULaza'kara premajI byAsa 362. mULazaMkara mANekalAla yAjJika 363. mULazaMkara harinaMda mUlANI 364. sara mehemumiyAM ImAmabakSa kAdarI 365. mAtIlAla ravizaMkara gheADA 36ryuM. mahAtmA mAhanadAsa kararmacaMda gAMdhI 367. mAhanalAla tuLasIdAsa mahetA (saiApAna) huM8. meAhanalAla pAva tIzakara dave 369. yajJeza harihara zukala 3. yazavaMta savAIlAla paDayA 371. yazavaMtarAya gulAkhabhAI nAyaka 372. yusupha abadulaganI mAMDaviyA 374, raNacheADa" amarajI dIvAna 34. raNuDadAsa gIradharadAsa 375: raNacheADadAsa vRMdAvanadAsa paTavArI 376. raNacheADabhAI udayarAma dave 37. raNujItarAma vAvAbhAI mahetA 38. ratipatirAma udyamarAma paMDayA 10 9 2 2 9 R 9 8 } 5 T 4 ra 9 5 ra 10 9 Ta 4 8 39. ratilAla nAnAbhAI tannA (zAradAprasAda varmA) 10 380. ratilAla mAhanalAla trivedI 15 100 By x pa G+ 120 120 128 04 129 149 78 }cha 130 148 i4 79 132 151 159 e 76 13 77 1 135 159 117 S st st he

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pRSTha 202 85 150 174 178 89 12 0 0 kArirI graMthakAranuM nAma 31. ratilAla viThThaladAsa dalAla 342. munizrI ratnacaMdra svAmI 38. ramaNabhAI mahIpatarAma nIlakaMTha 384. ramaNalAla kanaiyAlAla yAjJika 385. ramaNalAla na. vakIla 386. ramaNalAla nAnAlAla zAha 387. ramaNalAla pI. senI 388. ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAI 389, ramaNIkarAya amRtalAla mahetA 1390. ramaNIkalAla jayacaMdabhAI dalAla 381. rameza raMganAtha ghArekhAna 392. ravizaMkara gaNezajI aMjAriyA 393. ravizaMkara mahAzaMkara joSI 384. ravizaMkara mahAzaMkara rAvaLa 35. raMganAtha zaMbhunAtha ghArekhAna 396. raMgIladAsa lakSmIdAsa sutariyA 397. raMjItalAla harilAla paMDayA 398. zrI rAjacaMdra paMcANu 39. rAjendra somanArAyaNa dalAla 400. rAmacaMdra dAmodara zukala 41. rAmanArAyaNa nAgaradAsa pAThaka 402. rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha pAThaka 403, rAmaprasAda kAzIprasAda desAI 40. rAmaprasAda mohanalAla zukala 405. rAmamohanarAya jasavaMtarAya desAI 406. rAmalAla cunIlAla medI 4che. rAmacaMdra manajI bhaTTa 48. rUpazaMkara udayazaMkara ojhA (saMcita) rUstamajI barajorajI pamAstara 40. revAzaMkara oghaDabhAI somapurA 411. lakSmaNabhAI kAzIbhAI rAmI 412. lakSmInArAyaNa raNachoDabhAI vyAsa (svapnastha) 413. lakSmIbene gokaLadAsa DAsANI - 93 203 150 175 0 0 166 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 136 : * = = * = 170 71 152 173 168 .. 163 ja che. bha . www : 6 jI

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graMtha ane graMthAlaya pu. 10 - pustaka 98 + 0 170 1 2 0 100 102 216 0 0 0 0 155 82 131 0 75 84 0 0 176 graMthakAranuM nAma 414, latIpha IbrAhIma 415. lalitamohana cunIlAla gAMdhI 416. lAlazaMkara umiyAzaMkara dave 47. lIlAvatI kanaiyAlAla munazI 418. vallabhajI bhANajI mahetA 419. vallabhajI haridatta AcArya kare. valabhadAsa popaTalAla zeTha 421. valImahamada mAmIna 422. vasaMtarAma harikRSNa zAstrI 423. vAdhajI AzArAma ojhA 424. vADIlAla motIlAla zAha 425. vAsudeva rAmacaMdra zelata 426. zrI vijayakesarasUri 427. vijayarAya kalyANarAya vaijJa 428. vijayalAla kanaiyAlAla dhruva 429. vijayAlakSmI trivedI 430. munizrI vijayendrasUri 431. viThThalarAya goradhanaprasAda vyAsa 432. leDI vidyAbahena ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha 43. munizrI vidyAvijayajI 434. vidyAzaMkara karuNAzaMkara AcArya 435. vinAyaka naMdazaMkara mahetA 436. vinedinI ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha 437. vimaLAgaurI metIlAla setalavADa 438. viSNuprasAda raNachoThalAla trivedI 439. vizvanAtha prabhurAma vaidya 440. vizvanAtha maganalAla bhaTTa 441. vizvanAtha sadArAma pAThaka 44. vIracaMda gAMdhI 443. veNalAla chaganalAla bUca 444. vaikuMThalAla zrIpatarAya ThAkara 445. vrajalAla kALIdAsa zAstrI - 8 - 180 179 104 - - 182 182 - 103 85 0 * - 184 0 80 178 0 180 0 87. 186 0 0 0 0

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graMthAra-sUci graMthakAranuM nAma ja. zakaraprasAda chaganalAla rAvaLa 47. zakaralAla gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI 48. za'karalAla maganalAla kavi 44. zaMkaralAla maganalAla paMDayA ( maNikAnta ) 450 za'bhuprasAda chelazakara joSIpurA 451. zAMtilAla gulAbadAsa tAlATa 45ra. zAMtilAla seAmezvara ThAkara 453. zAradAbahena sumantabhAi mahetA 454. 5. zyAmajI kRSNa varmA 455. satyendraprasAda sAMkaLezvara mahetA 456, satyendarAva bhImarAva dIveTiyA 457 sareAjinI mahetA 45. sAkaracaMda mANekacaMda ghaDiyALI 45. sAkaralAla amRtalAla ve 4. sAkaralAla maganalAla kApaDiyA (madhukara ) 461. sArAbhAi maNilAla navAkha 4}ra... sAMkaLezvara AzArAma 43. sItArAma jezIMgabhAI zarmA 44. paMDita zrI sukhalAlajI saMdha saMdhavI 45. (sA.) sumati lallubhAI zAmaLadAsa 466 - surasiMhajI takhtasiMhajI gAhila (kalApI) 46. sureza caturalAla dIkSita * > 48. suzIla 469. suMdarajI gAkaLadAsa meTAI 470. suMdaralAla nAthAlAla joSI 401. sUrya rAma sAmezvara devAzrayI 47ra. semyuala seAlI 473, saiyada imAmuddIna daragAhavAlA 474. saiyada meTAmiyAM 45. sorAbajI ma. desAI 46, sorAbajI zApurajI baMgALI, pustaka 5 9 2 5 5 10 1 1 5 da 2 4 1 10 10 10 3 8 5 5 ra 1 9 10 pRSTha 187 130 106 re 193 181 83 185 97 182 9. 100 138 194 139 140 72 195 L 101. 103 84 100 185 185 TI 85 110 109 197

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141 , - 5. na >> 0 0 0 2 201 zatha ane thApA graMthakAranuM nAma pustaka pRSTha 47. haragovinda premazaMkara trivedI 478. haragoviMdadAsa IzvaradAsa pArekha 4. haragoviMdadAsa dvArakAMdAsa kAMTAvALA 480. harajIvana somaiyA 41. haradAna pIMpaLazI narelA 144 482. harabhAI durlabhajI trivedI 205. 483. harasiddhabhAI vajubhAI dIveTiyA 156 484. harinArAyaNa giradharalAla AcArya 485. hariprasAda bairIzaMkara bhaTTa (mastaphakIra) 486. De. hariprasAda vrajarAya desAI 48. harirAya bhagavantarAya bUca 488. harilAla narasiMharAma vyAsa ja89. harilAla mAdhavajI bhaTTa 49. harilAla mULazaMkara mUlANI 4. harilAla harSadarAya dhruva 492. harizaMkara oghaDabhAI ThAkara 493. harizaMkara mAdhavajI bhaTTa 494. harizcaMdra bhagavatI zaMkara bhaTTa 145 45. harihara prANazaMkara bhaTTa 146 49. hasamukhalAla maNilAla kAjI 89 497. haMsAbahena mahetA 115 498. hAjImahamada alArakhiyA zivajI 499. hAmIdamiyAM sAmiyAM saiyada 500. hAzIma yusupha bharUcA (jhAra rAMderI) 501, hiMmatalAla gaNezajI aMjAriyA 502. hiMmatalAla cunIlAla zAha - 111 53. hIrAcaMda kasturacaMda jhaverI 148 504. hIrAlAla tribhuvanadAsa pArekha 505. hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA 56. hIrAlAla vrajabhUkhaNadAsa zropha 507. munizrI hemAMzuvijayajI 5 188 0 0 0 0 4 1 (7 0 0 0 ja. 3. 4 5 - je cha ja che ? 210 12