Jain Shraman Swarup Aur Samiksha

Author(s): Yogeshchandra Jain
Publisher: Mukti Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032455/1

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4 lite TU Aquati bhrAmarIvRtti jaina zramaNa svarUpa aura samIkSA paDivajjadu sAmaNNaM jadi icchadi dukkha parimokkhaM Milfs lekhaka - DaoN. yogeza candra jaina

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA lekhaka DaoN. yogezacandra jaina zAstrI, jainadarzanAcArya (golDameDalisTa) dharmAlaMkAra, ema.e., pI-eca.DI. bhUmikA-lekhaka paM. zrI phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI vartamAna meM hastinApura / prakAzaka mukti prakAzana alIgaMja (eTA) u.pra.

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prathama saMskaraNa : 3200 mahAvIra nirvANotsava, 18 akTubara, 1990. (c) sarvAdhikAra surakSita mUlya : tIsa rupaye mAtra mudraka : rAjezvarI phoToseTarsa (prA.) li.. 2/12, paMjAbI bAga, naI dillI-26

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prakAzakIya : mukti hameM nahIM cAhie, kyoMki hama mukta svabhAvI haiN| basa, hameM isa bAta kI zraddhA antara meM samAnI hai jAgrata karanI hai, aura yahIM se mukti kI zuruAta hotI hai| isakI 74 pUrNatA hI mukti hai, jo mukta svabhAva kA prakAzana mAtra hai| vastu svAtantrya ke isa tathya ko janahita meM pracArita karate hue lokopakArI sAhitya ko prakAzita karate rahanA hI " mukti prakAzana" kA mukhya lakSya hai, aura hama usakI ora agrasara hue haiN| jisake prayAsa rUpa meM isa saMsthAna kA yaha puSpa hai| usa mukti patha para calate hue " muktidUta" ke vyaktitva para hue isa zodha kArya ko prakAzita hue hama atyadhika gaurava va prasannatA kA anubhava kara rahe haiM / DaoN. yogeza candra jaina darzana ke udIyamAna vidvAna lekhaka va vaktA haiM, sAtha hI samanvayavANI ke saha-sampAdaka bhI haiN| inake lagabhaga 15 zodha - nibandha vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| inake kuzala sampAdana meM sajjanacitta vallabha, adhyAtma amRta, kundakunda sUktisudhA, (hindI, gujarAtI, kannar3a) carcA saMgraha Adi grantha vibhinna prakAzakoM dvArA prakAzita ho cuke haiN| aura " jaina darzana meM bandha - mokSa" inakI atyadhika prazaMsita kRti hai| isa taraha paMca puSpoM ke rUpa meM cautIsa hajAra pratiyA~ prakAzita ho cukI haiN| jo inakI lokapriyatA kA pramANa hai / aba hameM inakI kRti "jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA" ko prakAzita karate hue prasannatA ho rahI hai| hamAre Agraha para isako aura adhika parivardhita va pariSkRta kiyA gayA hai, jisase yaha eka naye rUpa meM prastuta ho rahA hai| isa grantha ke prakAzana meM hameM aneka logoM ne sahayoga diyA hai| jisameM zrI jayantIlAla jI dozI bambaI dvArA dasa hajAra rUpaye kA sahayoga prakAzanArtha prApta huA hai| ataH hama unake AbhArI haiN| isake alAvA isakI kImata kama karane meM bhI jina logoM ne sahayoga diyA hai, unake bhI hama AbhArI haiN| unakI sUcI pRthaka se hI anyatra dI jA rahI hai| anta meM, isa pustaka ke prakAzana meM saMsthA ko jina-jina logoM ne pratyakSa parokSa rUpa se sahayoga diyA hai, unake prati AbhAra vyakta karate haiM, tathA bhaviSya meM bhI isI taraha "mukti prakAzana" ko sahayoga karate raheMge, aisI AzA aura apekSA ke sAtha / nidezaka rAjeza candra jaina ema. e. mukti prakAzana, alIgaMja, (eTA) (u.pra.) 207247

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prakAzana meM sahayoga dene vAloM kI sUcI 15000/- zrI hukamacandra jI jaina, jaina maiTala varksa, iTAvA u.pra. 10000/- zrI jayantI bhAI dozI dAdara, bambaI kImata kama karane vAle dAtAroM kI sUcI 2000/- zrI jayantI bhAI jI dozI, bambaI 1500/- sva. zrImatI ratanabena padamazI, ghATakopara bambaI 1000/- zrImatI saralA devI jaina W/0 sva. zrI sukhapAla jI jaina,kAnapura 501/- bhAIlAla IzvaralAla zAha, rUparekhA sTorsa, mehasANA 501/- maNibhAI bholAbhAI zAha munaI, bhIloDA, u. gujarAta 201/- hIrAlAlacandUlAla jI, mehasANA (gujarAta) 151/- mizrIlAla jI vilAlA, kizanapola bAjAra, jayapura nemIcaMda jI jaina, zAkhA prabandhaka, baiMka oNpha baDaudA, rAmagar3ha (rAja.) 101/

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samarpaNa paramAdaraNIya pitAzrI paNDita zrImAn gambhIracandra jI jaina vaidya evaM mAtAzrI zrImatI prakAzavatI jaina ko sAdara samarpita jinake gambhIra prakAzayukta susaMskAroM ne mujhe yogezoM para AsthAvAna banAyA /

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bhUmikA sampUrNa jinAgama cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta hai| unake nAma haiM (1) prathamAnuyoga, (2) karaNAnuyoga, (3) caraNAnuyoga, (4) aura drvyaanyog| unameM se caraNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga meM nikaTa kA sambandha hai, kyoMki bAhyadRSTi se vicAra karane para zarIra aura AtmA kA eka kSetrAvagAha sambandha hone se zArIrAzrita kriyA ke sAtha AtmA ke upayoga meM viSaya aura kaSAya ke prati ruci aura aruci honA sambhava hai| karaNAnuyoga unake ruci aura arucirUpa tAratamya avasthA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| isalie jIvana nirmANa kI dizA meM ina tInoM anuyoga dvAroM kA atyanta upayoga hai| jo prathamAnuyoga hai vaha mAtra udAharaNa svarUpa hai| usake dvArA hameM itanA hI jJAna hotA hai ki saMsAra ke viruddha pravRtti karane vAloM kI kyA-kyA avasthAe~ hotI haiM, aura saMsAra ke anukUla pravRtti karane vAloM kI kyA-kyA avasthAe~ hotI hai| yaha nibandha mukhyataH caraNAnuyoga ke AdhAra para hI likhA gayA hai| isalie isa nibandha kI jIvana meM kyA upayogitA hai| isake AdhAra se hama yahA~ vicAra kreNge| caraNAnuyoga kA mUlasUtra hai, ki kaise caleM? kaise khar3e raheM? kaise baiThe? kaise soveM? kaise bhojana kareM? aura kaise boleM? jisase yaha jIva pApa se lipta na ho| caraNAnuyoga zAstra meM isakA uttara dete hue kahA gayA hai ki dekha kara caleM, AjU-bAjU kI paristhiti ko dekhakara khar3e raheM, samajhakara anukUla sthAna para baiThe, anukUla bhojana leM, ucita sthAna para soveM, aura hita, mita, priya vacana boleM, jisase yaha jIva pApa se lipta na hove| isa AdhAra para jaba hama caraNAnuyoga Agama ke anusAra vicAra karate hai, to hameM mokSamArga ke anukUla bAhya jIvana kA nirmANa karane meM sahAyatA (anukUlatA) milatI hai, kyoMki sarvArthasiddhi meM samyaka cAritra kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai ki saMsAra ke kAraNoM se nivRtta hone ke lie jo udyata jJAnI hai usakI jJAnAvaraNAdi kamoM ke grahaNa karane meM nimittabhUta kriyA kA uparama honA samyak cAritra hai| isameM zarIrAzrita jo bAhya kriyA hotI hai,

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA usase abhiprAya hai, aura jo yoga aura kaSAya ko nimitta kara Atma pradezoM ke parispaMda rUpa Abhyantara kriyA hotI hai, usase abhiprAya hai| jJAnI ke ina donoM prakAra kI kriyAoM kA nirodha hone para hI mokSa hotA hai / isalie samyakcAritra meM bAhya aura Abhyantara kriyA kA nirodha vivakSita hai / kevala Abhyantara kriyA kA nirodha kisI ke nahIM hotA, bAhya kriyA kA nirodha hone para hI Abhyantara kriyA kA nirodha honA sambhava hai / guNasthAna prakriyA ke anusAra bAhya kriyA kA nirodha dasaveM guNasthAna ke anta meM ho jAtA hai, aura Abhyantara kriyA kA nirodha 13 veM guNasthAna ke antima samaya meM hokara 14 ve guNasthAna meM ayogakevalI kI avasthA meM antarmuhUrta rahakara yaha jIva mokSa kA pAtra banatA hai / isalie caraNAnuyoga Agama meM bAhya kriyA ke nirodha para bahuta bala diyA gayA hai 1 8 jo mithyAdRSTi haiM, ve bhale hI bAhya cAritra kA pAlana kareM muni veza lekara ugra tapa kareM, phira bhI samyagdRSTi arthAt svAvalambana kI dRSTi vAle na hone ke kAraNa ve dravyaliMgI hI bane rahate haiM, aura mokSa ke pAtra nahIM ho pAte isalie caraNAnuyoga ke Agama meM bhI samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAnapUrvaka cAritra kA lakSaNa bA~dhate hue kahA hai ki- "moha (mithyAtva) rUpI aMdhakAra ke vinAza hone para samyagdarzana pUrvaka samyagjJAnI ke rAga dveSa kI nivRtti ke abhiprAya se samyagcAritra hotA hai| mokSamArgI banane kA yaha eka mAtra upAya hai| isake binA koI bhI rAga dveSa kA abhAva karake mokSa kA pAtra nahIM ho sakatA hai| isalie jinAgama meM bAhya cAritra para utanA hI bala diyA gayA hai, jitanA ki Atmastha hone ke liye bala diyA jAtA hai| 1. mohatimirApaharaNe darzanalAbhadavApta saMjJAnaH / rAgadveSanivRtyai caraNaM pratipadyate sAdhuH / / 2 / / ra. zrA. 46

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isa dRSTi se vicAra karane para bAhya kriyAoM kI sArthakatA hamAre abhiprAya meM A jAtI hai| jo bAhya kriyAoM kI upekSA karake rAga-dveSa kA abhAvapUrvaka Atmastha honA cAhatA hai, usake lie bAhya kriyAoM kA vicAra honA hI caahie| bAhya kriyAoM meM uThanA-baiThanA, khAnA-pInA, bolanA-cAlanA ye saba A jAte haiN| Ajakala yadyapi yaha saba dekhA jAtA hai ki dravyAnuyoga ke anusAra sundara se sundara carcAeM kI jAtI haiM, parantu yadi khAna-pAna, uThane-baiThane meM sudhAra na hove to ve jJAnI nahIM bana pAte haiN| niyama yaha hai ki sarvaprathama zayyA chor3ane ke bAda paMca namaskAra maMtra kA pATha kareM, anantara snAnAdi karake jinamandira jAte samaya IyaryApatha kI vidhi pUrvaka tIna bAra niHsahi zabda kA uccAraNa karate hue jinamandira meM praveza kara jinadeva ke samakSa jo jinapUjA kI vidhi hai use sampanna kara, svAdhyAya Adi kreN| anantara anyAya, abhakSya kA tyAga kara nitya karma ko sampanna kreN| yaha dainandina kI kriyA kA sAmAnya vicAra hai| kyoMki aisA na hone para saccA jaina kahalAne kA adhikArI nahIM ho pAtA hai| AcArya kundakunda deva ne jo samyaktvAcaraNa cAritra kA nirdeza kiyA hai, usameM samyagdarzana pUrvaka yaha saba vidhi sammilita ho jAtI hai| samantabhadra ne apane ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM paMcaparameSThI, jinAlaya, jinadeva, jinazAstra, va jinadharma ye nava prakAra ke devatA batalAye haiN| ye hI jinazAsana ke devatA haiM, anya nahIM hai| isIlie caraNAnuyoga Agama meM samyagdarzana ke lakSaNa kA nirdeza karate samaya chaha anAyatana, aura tIna mUr3hatA ke niSedhapUrvaka ATha mada kA tyAga karate hue samyagdarzana ke zaMkAdi ATha doSoM ko chor3akara ATha aMga ke dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| yaha zrAvakAcAra kI sabase pahalI kriyA hai, isake bAda yadi zrAvaka meM sAmarthya hai, to vaha muni pada ke yogya bhUmikA banAne ke lie kramaza: 11 pratimAoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| sabase antima pratimA meM jo ailaka hotA hai, usake kevala laMgoTI- mAtra parigraha raha jAtA hai, anya saba parigrahoM kA usake tyAga ho jAtA hai| 2. zrRddhAnaM paramArthAnAmaptAgama tpobhRtaam| trimUDhApoDhamaSTAMga samyagdarzanamasmayam / / ra.zrA. 4 / /

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA munipada ko aMgIkAra karate samaya usa laMgoTImAtra parigraha kA bhI tyAga ho jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha prazna hotA hai ki Agama meM "mUcrchA ko hI parigraha kahA hai| usake bAhya parigraha ho yA na ho, mUcrchA chUTanI caahie| samAdhAna yaha hai ki mUcrchA meM nimitta kauna hai, bAhya parigraha nimitta hai yA nahIM, yadi nimitta hai to usako nimitta kara mUcchI hogI hii| jo bhAI bAhya parigraha ko svIkArate haiM unake usa svIkAra meM buddhipUrvaka mUcrchA nimitta svayaM ho jAtI hai| anyathA, bAhya parigraha kA svIkAra ho nahIM sktaa| gRhastha ailaka kI apekSA vicAra karane para yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai| jaba taka parigraha meM ahaMkAra aura mamakAra bhAva nahIM hotA hai, taba taka parigraha kA saMcaya, parigraha kI uThA-dharI, lenA-denA Adi vyavahAra nahIM bana sktaa| isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki usake parigraha meM mUcrchA hai| isI prakAra jo muni pada aMgIkAra karake sImita parigraha ko bhI rakhatA hai, usake mUcchA ke binA parigraha kA grahaNa-tyAga nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH Agama meM bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se parigraha kA do prakAra se nirdeza karake kramazaH una donoM ke tyAga kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| caraNAnuyoga kI paddhati ko svIkAra kara jIvana yApana karanA isI se nizcita hotA hai| sAdhAraNa gRhastha yadi bAjAra meM khAtA-pItA hai, to vivekI paruSa use samajhAte haiM ki tuma samajhadAra ho, jinamArga ke anuyAyI ho, tumheM bAjAra meM khAnA-pInA chor3a denA caahie| yadi vaha mAna letA hai, to caraNAnuyoga kI paddhati ke anusAra usakA aisA karanA svayaM tyAga meM garbhita ho jAtA hai, aura loka meM vaha prazaMsA kA pAtra mAnA gayA hai| isalie caraNAnuyoga Agama meM rAgadveSa kI nivRtti ke lie bAhya tyAga kA mukhyatA se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue samayasAra 283 se 285 taka kI gAthAoM meM AcArya amRtacandra deva ne TIkA likhate samaya kahA hai ki "paramArtha se yaha jIva apane rAgAdika bhAvoM kA akAraka hI hai, anyathA apratikramaNa aura apratyAkhyAna kA upadeza do prakAra se nahIM bana sakatA hai| apratikramaNa aura 3. "mUrchAH parigrahaH" - ta.sU. 7 / 4. AtmAtmanA rAgAdInAmakAraka eva apratikramaNApratyAkhyAnayoddhaividhyopadezAnyathAnupapatteH / yaH khalu apratikramaNApratyAkhyAnayodavyabhAvabhedena dvividhopadezaH sa dravyabhAvayonimitta naimittika prathayana akattahatvamAtmano jnyaapyti| tataH etata sthitaM paradravyaM nimittaM naimittikAtmano rAgAdibhAva: saM.sA. gA 283-285 kI kA A. khyAti ttiikaa|

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apratyAkhyAna kA dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se do prakAra kA upadeza AgamoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| vaha dravya aura bhAva ke nimitta naimittika bhAva ko siddha karatA huA AtmA paramArtha se rAgAdi bhAvoM kA akartA hai, isakA jJApana karatA hai| isase yaha siddha huA hai ki paradravya nimitta hai, aura AtmA ke ajJAna aura rAgAdika bhAva naimittika haiN| isI dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara AcArya samantabhadra deva ne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra ko mokSa ke kAraNoM meM parigaNita kara mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra ko saMsAra ke kAraNoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai 15 11 mithyAdarzana kA lakSaNa hai atatva zraddhAna aura paramArtha rUpa deva gurU zAstra meM azraddhA / ataH tat pUrvaka mithyAjJAna hotA hai aura ina donoM ke sAtha hone vAle cAritra ko mithyAcAritra kahate haiM / yaha mokSamArga kI sAmAnya vyavasthA hai| phira bhI samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke hone para bhI avirata samyagdRSTi ke cAritra ko acAritra hI kahA jaaegaa| acAritra maiM isalie kaha rahA hU~ kyoMki tatvataH dekhA jAe, to avirata samyagdRSTi ke samyaktvAcaraNa cAritra kA sadbhAva Agama meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, aura samyaktvAcaraNa cAritra ke sAtha svarUpa ramaNatA rUpa svarUpAcaraNa cAritra ke svIkAra karane meM hameM koI Apatti dikhAyI nahIM detI, kyoMki svabhAvabhUta AtmA ko upayoga meM svIkAra kiye binA samyagdarzana kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / caturtha guNasthAna meM avirata samyagdRSTi ke sarAga samyaktva hI hotA hai, aisA nahIM hai| vaha to aupazamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika samyaktva ke sadbhAva ko sUcita karatA hai / ataH ukta prakAra se samyagdarzana kA sarAga samyagdarzana jJApaka kAraNa hI hai / kyoMki jaise vyavahAra ratnatraya paramArtha svarUpa ratnatraya kA jJApaka nimitta hone ke kAraNa ratnatraya padvI ko prApta ho jAtA hai, vaise hI sarAga samyagdarzana svabhAvabhUta samyagdarzana ke sAtha rahane ke kAraNa vyavahAra se samyagdarzana padvI ko prApta ho jAtA hai / yahA~ mukhya rUpa se vicAraNIya hai ki bAhya saMyoga kA abhAva usake tyAga meM nimitta hai to vartamAna meM muni avasthA meM usake sAtha parigraha kyoM dekhA jAtA hai ? aura hA~ ! yadi yaha kaho ki kAladoSa isakA kAraNa haiM ? 5. saddRSThi jJAna vRttAni dharma dharmezvarAviduH / yadIya pratyanIkAni bhavanti bhava paddhatiH / / ra. zrI. a. 1, zloka 3 / /

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA to yaha kathana bana nahIM sktaa| kyoMki yadi yaha sthiti hotI to Agama meM isakA nirdeza avazya hI dekhane ko miltaa| ataH yaha to siddha hai ki Agama meM ratnatraya sambandhI jo bhI vyavasthA kI gayI hai| vaha tInoM kAloM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kI gayI hai| tabhI vaha vItarAga sarvajJadeva kI vANI kahI jA sakatI prAyaH jaba hama jaina dharma ke itihAsa para dRSTipAta karate haiM to yaha dikhAyI detA hai ki muniyoM kI bhUmikA meM jo parigraha kA saMcAra huA usameM gRhastha mukhya kAraNa haiN| anyathA, munidharma ko vikRta karane meM unakA hAtha na hotA to jhUThe manuSya munidharma ko aMgIkAra karate hI nhiiN| .sabase pahale to zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke kAla meM gRhasthoM kA yogadAna milane para munidharma meM bhraSTAcAra aayaa| usake bAda usake dekhA-dekhI zvetAmbara samAja kA anukaraNa kara bhaTTAraka paramparA kA udaya huaa| ataH samAja kI anujJApUrvaka muni hI bhaTTAraka bana jAte haiN| yaha paramparA lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa se calI A rahI hai| isalie jo vartamAna meM parigraha dhArI mani dikhalAyI dete haiN| ve yathArtha muni na hokara unakI parigaNanA bhaTTArakoM meM hI kI jAnI caahie| isa zodha prabandha meM nagnatA kI dRSTi se anya sampradAyoM ke jo uddharaNa diye gaye haiN| unhoMne tAtvika dRSTi se nagnatA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA thaa| isalie uttara-kAla meM una sampradAyoM meM nagnatA kI paramparA kA lagabhaga viccheda sA ho gyaa| niyama yaha hai ki vyakti-svAtantrya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jo svAvalambana ko svIkAra karatA hai, vahI parAvalambana ke tyAga karane kA adhikArI hotA hai| svAvalambana meM sva kA artha AtmA hai| Agama meM yaha likhA milatA hai ki yaha AtmA na kabhI maratA hai na kabhI janma dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha anAdi ananta hai| yaha kathana paryAya ko gauNa kiye binA bana nahIM sktaa| ataH svAvalambana ko svIkAra karane vAle vyakti ko yaha dhyAna meM lenA hI cAhie ki vaha paryAya ko gauNa kare aura svabhAvabhUta AtmA ko mukhya karake usakA

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13 avalaMbana leve, anyathA vaha vyakti bhraSTa hogA yA usameM zithilatA A jAvegI / jaina sampradAya meM Aja bhI jo nagnatA ko mukhyatA dI gayI hai| vaha ukta prakAra ke svAvalambana kI dRSTi se hI dI gayI hai| isa artha ko anya sampradAyoM ne samajhA nhiiN| isalie ve sAdhupada ko svIkAra karake bhI nagnatA ko chor3a baiThe / Agama meM sAdhu ke 28 mUlaguNa hone cAhie, yaha ullekha dekhane ko milatA hai| usameM yaha bhAva nihita hai ki tatvataH para kA hama na kucha bigAr3a kara sakate haiM aura na sudhAra kara sakate haiN| jo kucha bhI para kA hita-ahita hotA hai, vaha unakI yogyatA ke anusAra hI hotA hai| paramArthataH karma bhI usameM kAraNa nahIM hai, nimitta mAtra hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jo muni hotA hai usako niyama se ina 28 mUlaguNoM ko aMgIkAra karanA kartavya ho jAtA hai| aTThAisa mUlaguNoM meM zeSa sAta guNa jo batalAye haiM, unake dvArA vyAvahArika svAvalambana kI zikSA dI gayI hai| yaha kahanA ki sacce-jhUThe muni kA vicAra na karake jo vartamAna meM muni bane haiM, zrAvaka unheM unakA saMgopaMga (bharaNa-poSaNa) kare / kintu vicAra kara dekhA jAe to, jo munipada ko aMgIkAra karake usase bhraSTa ho jAte haiM, unakA bhI yadi zrAvaka saMgopaMga kare to munidharma pUrvaka mokSamArga ke hI samApta hone kA prasaMga A jAvegA / isalie gRhastha kA kartavya hai ki mUlAcAra ke anusAra unakI AcAra-vicAra kI kriyA meM antara dekhe, to sabase pahale use samajhAve, yadi samajhAne para bhI vaha haTha na chor3e, to mokSamArga kI paramparA meM vikRti A jAnA sambhava hai / isalie gRhastha kI yaha jimmevArI hai ki vaha mokSamArga kI paramparA ko akSuNNa banAye rkhe| jo bhAI usakA ullaMghana kara mokSamArga kI paramparA meM doSa kA praveza karate hue dekhakara apane kartavya ko bhUla jAte haiM / ve vastutaH gRhastha dharma ke adhikArI nahIM bana pAte haiN|

Page #15
jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA isa prakAra kaI dRSTiyoM se yaha zodha prabandha bahuta upayogI sUcanAoM se bharA huA hai| nirbhIka hokara, athaka parizrama se sampanna isa starIya zodha kArya meM isake lekhaka ne munidharma ke Upara sarvAMga vicAra kiyA hai| usakI hama prazaMsA karate haiM, aura isake lie DaoN. yogeza candra jaina hamArI tarapha se stuti ke pAtra haiN| yadi samAja meM aise nibandhoM kA silasilA cala jAye, to sambhava hai ki samAja meM kucha badalAva AegA, aura munidharma meM vikRti kA abhAva honA sambhava ho skegaa| hama usakI pratIkSA meM haiN| 14 phUlacandra zAstrI hAla- hastinApura kSetra 12-6-88.

Page #16
prAkkathana bhAratIya dhArmika vicAradhArA mukhya rUpa se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| zramaNa vicAradhArA evaM brAhmaNa vicAradhArA "brahmA" ke Irda-girda ghUmatI rahatI hai, jahA~ Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA-hartA-dhartA tathA vyakti ke bhAgya kA nirNAyaka mAnA gayA hai| dUsarI zramaNa vicAradhArA vyakti ke svayaM ke puruSArtha para TikI huyI hai, jahA~ Izvara kA uparyukta koI rUpa nahIM milatA apitu pratyeka prANI ko sarvocca avasthA prApta karane kA naisargika adhikAra prApta hai / ye donoM vicAradhArAe~ bhArata ke prAcInatama vAMgamaya se lekara Aja taka parilakSita ho rahI haiN| " zramaNa" zabda sama, zama, aura zramaNa kA dyotaka hai| jaina zramaNadharma ina tInoM siddhAntoM para TikA huA hai| prAcIna sAhitya ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa AbhAsa hotA hai ki isa zramaNa vicAradhArA ke paripoSaka kucha anya sampradAya bhI hue haiN| bauddha dharma isa zreNI meM samAhita hai, parantu inameM jaina zramaNa sampradAya niHsandeha prAcInatama kahA jA sakatA hai| prAcInatama vaidika sAhitya meM upalabdha pramANa isa kathana ke samarthana meM prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| isa dharma kI paramparA sAmAnyataH RSabhadeva se kahI jA sakatI hai aura mahAvIra ke pazcAt avicchinna rUpa se adyAvadhi jIvita hai / isa kAlAvadhi meM yaha digambara aura zvetAmbara ke rUpa meM bhI vibhAjita huA, unakI apanI-apanI paramparAe~ bhI puSpita evaM phalita huyI haiN| yahA~ para yaha ullekha kara denA Avazyaka hai ki " zramaNa " zabda kA prayoga mUla rUpa se muni / sAdhu ke sandarbha meM huA hai| kAlAntara meM yaha zabda jaina aura bauddha vicAradhArA kA paryAyavAcI bana gyaa| yadyapi "parivrAjaka " zabda kA prayoga bhI isa sandarbha meM huA hai, parantu vaha adhikAMzataH vaidika sampradAya ke sAtha jur3A huA hai / muni, sAdhu, yati, vratI, nirgrantha Adi zabda bhI prayukta hue haiN| parantu zramaNa zabda kA jitanA adhika prayoga huA hai utanA dUsare zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| ataH apanI isa kRti meM "bhramaNa " zabda ko hI rakhanA ucita smjhaa| sAtha hI bauddha zramaNa vicAradhArA se pArthakya dyotita karane ke lie "jaina zramaNa" zabda ko niyojita kiyA hai| jaina zramaNa kI AcAra-vicAra paramparA prAcInatama sAhitya se lekara adhunAtama vividha bhASAgata jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha hotI hai / parantu isa viSaya para abhI taka koI vizeSa sAMgopAMga vizvavidyAlayI stara para adhyayana prastuta nahIM huA hai| jabaki jaina zrAvakAcAra para paryApta adhyayana kiyA jA cukA hai aura ho bhI rahA hai / yadyapi zramaNAcAra para AMzika rUpoM meM bAbU kAmatA prasAda jI ne digambaratva aura digambara muni " likhakara inakA aitihAsika dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai, to AryikA jJAnamatI jI ne "digambara muni" likhakara svarUpa para kucha likhA hai| DaoN. esa. vhI. deva ne "hisTrI oNpha jaina monAkijma"

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA likhakara isa AvazyakatA kI ora kadama uThAyA thaa| parantu abhI taka jaina zramaNa ke svarupa para samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta nahIM huA thA, vartamAna kAla meM isakI bahuta AvazyakatA mahasUsa kI jA rahI thii| merA jaina darzana/dharma meM pAramparika adhyayana thA, aura isa kSetra meM merI tIvra ruci bhI thii| ataH maiM isa viSaya para zodha kArya hetu AkRSTa huaa| uparyukta pRSThabhUmi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara maiMne DaoN. zrI bhAgacandra jI bhAskara bhU.pU. nidezaka, jaina anuzIlana kendra, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya jayapura, ke samakSa "jaina zramaNa : svarUpa evaM mImAMsA" viSaya para zodha kArya kI yojanA prastuta kI; tadanusAra pichale varSoM meM satata adhyayana-anusandhAna kArya meM dattacitta rahakara jo upalabdha kiyA, use zodha prabandha ke rUpa meM nimna adhyAyoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA thaa| prathama adhyAya jaina zramaNa kI pRSThabhUmi pUrvaka usakA vibhinna dhArmika aitihAsika, sAhityika pariprekSya meM unakA itihAsa arthAt hindu, muslima kI dRSTi meM jainazramaNa, bhAratIya purAtatva meM jaina zramaNoM ke ullekha aura unakA prabhAva, bhArata ke vibhinna sAmrAjyoM meM jaina zramaNa, saMskRta, tamila sAhitya meM jaina zramaNa tathA jaina zramaNoM ke vibhinna saMghoM/sampradAyoM para vicAra vimarza kiyA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM zramaNa ke svarUpa aura adhyayana ko prastuta kiyA hai| isameM sarvaprathama dharma kA svarUpa taduparAnta zramaNa aura usakA dharma, paMcamahAvrata, gupti Adi aura unake aticAra, samiti, indriyajaya, paDAvazyaka, evaM zeSa sAta guNa ke rUpa meM 28 mUlaguNoM para vistRta vivecana evaM usa para samIkSA prastuta kI hai tathA yahIM para zramaNa dIkSA kI pAtratA, dIkSA grahaNa vidhi, picchi kamaNDalu evaM utsarga-apavAda mArga para pUrNa rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM zramaNa kI sampUrNa AcAra saMhitA para mImAMsA pUrvaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isameM samAcAra kA artha, bheda, Adi evaM paDAvazyakoM para vistRta samIkSA va AhAra caryA ko vizleSaNa sahita prastuta kiyA hai evaM sAtha hI ekala vihAra, zarIra tyAga tathA anta meM sadopa zramaNoM ke svarUpa para vizleSaNa sahita samIkSA prastuta hai| caturtha adhyAya meM zramaNoM ke vibhinna bheda prabheda haiN| isameM AcArya, upAdhyAya kA svarUpa, pravartaka, sthavira,gaNadhara, tIrthaMkara muni kA svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai,tathA isa prakAra se bheda pradarzita karate hue cAritra ke pAMca prakAra ke bheda, jinakalpI, sthavira kalyI kA svarUpa, pulAka Adi zramaNoM kA svarUpa tathA dravyaliMga evaM bhAvaliMga kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai,aura anta meM zramaNoM kA dhArmika, dArzanika, Adi vibhinna kSetroM meM avadAna pradarzita kiyA hai|

Page #18
paMcama adhyAya meM zodha prabandha kA upasaMhAra hai| pUrva ke adhyAyoM meM zramaNAcAra kI jo mImAMsA evaM samIkSA prastuta kI gayI hai, usakA samAhAra isa adhyAya meM prastuta kiyA gayA isa prakAra prastuta anuzIlana meM jaina zramaNa ke svarUpa kA Aja ke Aloka evaM usameM uThane vAlI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna dete hue jainadharma kI mUla paramparA ke pariprekSya meM vizleSaNAtmaka, tulanAtmaka evaM samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana kI dizA meM merA yaha vinamra prayAsa isa prayAsa ke prArambha meM maiMne yaha mahasUsa kiyA ki isake lie jIvana kI pavitratA niSpakSatA va nirbhIkatA atyadhika Avazyaka hai, aura maiMne ina tInoM guNoM ke pAlana karane kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA hai| digambara evaM zvetAmbara zramaNa svarUpa kI prasaMgAnusAra samIkSA karate vakta kisI pakSa vizeSa ke Agraha se Upara hI uThane kA prayatna kiyA hai, tAki viSaya kI prAmANikatA banI rahe, aura isake lie jainadharma ke mUla prAcIna Agama ko dekhane kA vizeSa prayatna bhI kiyA hai| yadyapi mujhe "jaina zramAgaHsvarupa evaM mImAMsA" viSaya para san 88 meM pI-eca.DI. upAdhi prApta ho gayI thii| usa daurAna anekoM logoM ne zodha prabandha ko par3hA thA, tathA muktakaMTha se prazaMsA va prakAzana kI preraNA bhI dI thii| tabhI se maiM isake aura adhika se adhika pariSkAra meM juTa gayA thaa| pariSkAra ke isI pralobhana ke kAraNa san 88 ke TAipa hue "rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya jayapura" se pI-eca.DI. upAdhi hetu svIkRta mUla zodha prabandha se isa prakAzita kRti meM vividha dRSTiyoM se paryApta vaiziSTya rahA hai, aura kaI logoM ke anurodha para thor3e parivartana ke sAtha isa pustaka kA nAma "jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA" rakhA hai| isa kRti meM zramaNoM ke zithilAcAra ke prakaraNa meM nAmollekha pUrvaka kI gayI samIkSA ke sandarbha meM katipaya vidvAnoM kA kahanA thA ki yaha bAta sahI hote hue bhI nAmollekha nahIM honA caahie| isase lekhaka ko jokhima rahatI hai, zramaNAcAra badanAma hotA hai, va pustaka AdaraNIya nahIM ho pAtI hai| "yadyapi satyaM loka viruddhaM na karaNIyaM na AcaraNIyaM" - isa bhAvanA ko AMzikataH svIkArate hue, tathA una salAhadAtA vidvAnoM tathA pAThakoM ko yathAyogya Adarate hue bhI unake ina vicAroM se maiM sahamata nahIM ho pA rahA huuN| prazna yadi jokhima kA uThAyA jAve, to vaha prAsaMgika nahIM hai| Aja ke isa artha pradhAna yuga meM jainadarzana kI nirarthaka DigriyA~ lekara par3hanA hI Aja kI sabase bar3I jokhima hai| yuddha ke kSetra meM sainikoM ko zatru sainika se hI lar3anA hotA hai, sAthI sainika aisA karane ke lie Apasa meM protsAhita bhI karate haiN| parantu yahA~ to eka niSThAvAna vidvAna ko samAja meM phaila rahI ajJAnatA va anAcAra ke viruddha to lar3anA hI hotA hai, aura aisA karate hue use tathAkathita vidvAnoM se upahAsa kA pAtra bhI bananA hotA hai| satya ke prati niSThAvAna bane rahane hetu

Page #19
jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA protsAhana ke do zabda sunanA to eka kalpanA mAtra hai aura maiM isa viSama paristhiti se * gujarA hU~, ataH isa pustaka ke prakAzana ke pazcAt Ane vAle sAmAjika saMkaTa mere lie "U~Ta ke mu~ha meM jIrA " kI taraha hI hoNge| isa kAraNa yaha prazna hI mere lie prAsaMgika nahIM hai / 18 nAmollekha pUrvaka kI gayI samIkSA-zailI meM dUsarI prasiddha Apatti hai ki isase zramaNAcAra badanAma hokara vivAdAspada ho jAtA hai| merI mAnyatA hai ki isa zailI se zramaNa kA satya svarUpa to spaSTa rUpa se ubhara kara AtA hai, tathA zramaNa nAmadhArI kA vaha bhraSTa svarUpa jisakI ora kisI kA dhyAna nahIM gayA, athavA A~khe jAnabUjhakara mUMde baiThe haiM, vaha vicAraNIya ho jAtA hai, aura honA bhI cAhie, hameM vaha iSTa hai| yadi yaha sujhAva diyA jAve ki bhraSTAcAra kA vivecana karate hue "kucha sAdhu Aja aise bhI hai" aise kahA jAve, to mujhe isa zailI meM Apatti hai| kyoMki "kucha hai" yaha kathana samAropa kA virodhI nahIM hai (arthAt yaha kathana anadhyavasAya kA viSaya hai, isase yaha to mithyAjJAna hai ) / isase hAni yaha hogI ki kucha sAdhu bhraSTa haiM, yahA~ yA to sabhI ke sAtha pUjyatA kA vyavahAra hogA yA phira sabhI azraddhA ke pAtra ho jaaeNge| tathA zithilAcAra kI vRtti hatotsAhita nahIM hogI, jo bhaviSya meM bahuta khataranAka siddha hogii| isake sAtha hI yaha bAta bhI hai ki, jo vezadhArI tIrthaMkara jaise mahAnapuruSa ke dvArA pratipAdita cAritra ko khuleAma kalaMkita karate zarmindA nahIM, hamArA unase koI sambandha nahIM / upagUhana aMga vikAroM ko surakSita karane kI DhAla nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| ataH aisoM kA nAmollekha pUrvaka hI usake cAritra kI samIkSA honA hI cAhie, hamane vahI kiyA, jo eka jAgaska ko karanA cAhie / parantu hamane lokamaryAdAoM kA bhI pAlana kiyA hai, sambandhita prakaraNoM ke pramANarUpa meM prastuta karane yogya mere pAsa upalabdha citroM ko ( phoToj ) prastuta nahIM kiyA hai| tIsarA prazna isa pustaka ke lie pAThakoM se Adara kA hai| isake lie pahale hameM isa kRti kI mUla AtmA kI ora jAnA caahie| maiM zramaNa svarUpa kI vivecanA meM pravRtta huA hU~, ataH usake prati niSThAvAna bane rahane kI merI pahalI naitika jimmedArI hai, aura maiMne usakA ImAnadArI se pAlana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| maiM samajha rahA hU~ ki pratyeka vaha pAThaka jisakA jIvana gauravamaya naitika va sadAcAramaya hogA isa kRti ke prati sadAzayatA rakhegA; hA~, jina pAThakoM kA jIvana stara gauravamaya nahIM rahA hai, unako maiM dUra se hI praNAma karatA huuN| mujhe unakI sambhAvita pratikriyA ke prati cintita hone kI Adata nahIM hai| maiM to unake prati kSamAbhAva rakhatA huuN| sAtha hI ve zithilAcArI bhramaNa jo gauravapUrNa caryA nahIM nibhA rahe haiM, aura mujhe isI kAraNavaza unakI samIkSA karanI par3a rahI hai, unase mAnavIya dRSTikoNa se kSamAyAcanA bhI karatA hU~, merA unase dveSa nahIM, apitu merI to unake utthAna kI sadbhAvanAe~ haiM / unake agauravapUrNa jIvana caryA se sampUrNa samAja/ dharma zarmindA hai, sAtha hI merI lekhanI jisane unake cAritra ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai, koI kama zarmIlI nahIM hai,

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19 parantu bhaviSya kI bhayaMkara cAritrika durghaTanAoM ke prati sajagatA ke lie yaha atyanta Avazyaka thaa| phira bhI yadi merA hI yaha aparAdha kahA jAve, to merA vAstavika aparAdha yahI hai ki maiMne jAnabUjha kara A~khoM meM na paTTI bAMdhI hai, aura na hI aMdhepana ko svIkArA hai| jisake pariNAmasvarupa maiMne saba kucha dekhA, mahasUsa kiyA, aura apane viveka se use likhaa| yadi satya likhanA aura kahanA aparAdha hai, to samAja va deza ko ve sabhI jJAna ke dvAra vidyAlaya banda kara denA cAhie, jisameM hama jaise logoM ko dRSTi milatI hai, sAtha hI dRSTi dene vAle ve sabhI "Agama cakkhU" beMdhakara naSTakara denA cAhie, jisake adhyayana se mujhase yaha aparAdha huA hai| parantu aisA koI bhI karanA/kahanA na caahegaa| yadi isa prabandha ke prati koI durbhAvanA rakhatA hai, to usase karabaddha nivedana yaha bhI hai ki vaha una logoM ke prati kucha prastAva bhI avazya pArita karAye ki z2inake sambandha meM yaha likhA gayA hai| yadi doSoM ko kahanA niMdya ho, to una doSoM ko nirantara karate rahanA prazaMsanIya va pUjya kaise ho sakatA hai ? parantu Aja yahI ho rahA hai| "ulTI gaMgA bahanA" yaha muhAvarA sunA to thA, parantu dekhane ko aba mila mila rahA hai, zAyada milatA bhI rhe| astu, hamane apanA kartavya nibhAyA, pAThaka apanI samajha se svayaM kA kartavya nibhaayeN| mere isa prayatna meM mujhe kahA~ taka saphalatA milI, yaha to sammAnanIya vijJajana hI nirNaya kareM, parantu maiM apanA yaha anusandhAna antima to nahIM, AMzika kArya avazya mAnatA huuN| isameM abhI aneka binduoM para zodha kArya kA avakAza hai| lekina yaha prabandha bhaviSya ke anusandhitsuoM ke lie AdhAra-stambha avazya hogA-merA aisA vizvAsa hai| kRtajJatA jJApana navajAta zizu ko kucha karane kI zakti prApta karane meM kAphI logoM kA sahayoga apekSita hotA hai, aura vaha apane puNyAnusAra prApta bhI karatA hai| parantu vaha zizu jo avaidha hai, nirantara tiraskRta hI rahatA hai, yadyapi use bhI janma kI usI prakriyA se gujaranA par3atA jisase vaidha santAne gujarA karatI haiM, tathApi usake sAtha vaisA vyavahAra nahIM hotaa| zAyada, isameM yaza/apayazakIrti nAmakarma kA udaya kAraNa haiN| yahI sthiti merI isa zodha-prabandha kI prakRti meM rahI hai| isa viSaya para zodhAtmaka adhyayana kI abhilASA zaizavAvasthA se hI thii| ema.e. karane ke bAda ati utsAha se jainadarzana ke isa viSaya para yaha socakara ki yaha viSaya upayogI va sarala to rahegA hI, sahayoga bhI khUba milegaa| parantu saMsAra meM vaha saba prAyaH kahA~ hotA hai, jitanA socA jAtA hai| saMsAra meM aise bahuta hI kama puNyazAlI haiM ki jinake ciMtana ke samAnAMtara bAhya saMyoga kA pariNamana dikhAyI detA hai, ise puNya kA udaya bhale hI kahA jAve, parantu isase mAnyatA rUpI ratha gahana aMdhakAra kI ora hI tIvra gati se bar3hatA hai| maiM to puNyazAlI use kahU~gA ki jisake ciMtana ke samAnAMtara vastu kA pariNamana pariNamita nahIM ho rahA hai, aura usase saMbhAvita pIr3A se pIDita nahIM hai| isase usakA bhrama puSTa nahIM hotaa| kyoMki bhrama hI saMsAra hai| tathApi

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20 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA ajJAnIjana kahIM na kahIM se apane bhrama kI khurAka grahaNa kara hI lete haiM, yahI saMsAra kA bahuta vicitra Azcarya hai| mujhe isa bAta kA gaurava hai ki maiMne bhI isa paramparA ko tor3A hai| yadyapi jainadarzana ke anusandhAtA ko parizrama kisI se kama nahIM karanA par3atA hai, parantu vaha Asava va bandha tatva kI taraha prAyaH heya sA rahatA hai| anusandhAna kA vigula bajAne vAlI saMsthAoM ke pAsa jAne para maiMne apanI AvAja dabI hI pAyI, zAyada unake teja vigula merI AvAja na suna sake hoN| khaira, zodha ke isa viSaya para pravRtti eka ajJAta aparAdha bodha kI taraha saMketa karatI rahI, aura gurujanoM ke asahayoga va upekSA kI kAkacepTA nirantara usa aparAdhabodha ko jAgrata karatI rahI ki zAyada jainadarzana para zodha pravRtti eka gumanAma aparAdha ho| jaina zramaNa kI mahimA meM eka kavi ne likhA hai ki "niH saMga haiM jo vAyu sama, nirlepa hai AkAza se ----- kaisI alaukika shuurtaa| isa paMkti ne mere hadaya ko jhakajhora diyA, aura naye utsAha kA saMcAra kiyaa| phira to sahayoga/sahAnubhUti ke zabdoM kI vaizAkhiyoM ko toDakara niHsaMga va nirlepa sA isa kArya meM juTa gayA, jisakA pariNAma hI yaha prabandha hai| yadi maiM vaizAkhiyA~ nahIM tor3atA to zAyada yaha kArya pUrNa nahIM kara paataa| sambhavataH zramaNa svarUpa para zodha prabandha likhane ke lie una jaisA zrama bhI karanA hogA, guru ke svarUpa anusaMdhAna meM guru kI bhI vaizAkhiyA~ choDanI hogii| jaina darzana to anekAnta ko svIkAratA hai| anekAnta hI AdaraNIya hai| ataH isa kArya kI pravRtti meM asahayoga va upekSA rUpa ekAnta vRtti kA varcasva sthApita bhI nahIM ho sakA hai| hameM bhI apane avazeSa puNyodaya se di. jaina saMskRta kAleja jayapura ke paM. cainasukhadAsa chAtrAvAsa meM isa pA~ca phuTa ke zarIra ko teja garmI va varSAt se bacAne kA avasara prApta huA, ataH hama isalie unake AbhArI haiN| sAtha hI kendrIya pustakAlaya rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya jayapura, di. jaina saMskRta kaoNleja jayapura, di. jaina paMcAyatI bar3A maMdira pustakAlaya jayapura, sanmati pustakAlaya seThI kaoNlonI jayapura, ke bhI AbhArI hai, tathA di. jaina atizaya kSetra mahAvIra jI kA zodha pustakAlaya tathA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI ke bhI AbhArI haiM ki jinhoMne hameM sahayoga dekara 15-15 dina taka AvAsAdi vyavasthA ke sAtha pustakAlaya suvidhA sulabha karAyI haiN| zodha ke prArambha meM asahayoga ke vAtAvaraNa ko dekhakara pustaka ke rUpa meM prakAzana kI kalpanA jyAdA nahIM thI, parantu anekoM logoM ne zodha prabandha ko par3hA to unake dvArA prakAzana kI preraNA bhI milii| yahA~ taka ki aneka logoM ne to pustaka kI anumAnita rAzi bhI agrima rUpa se dene kI pezakaza bhI kii| maiMne to kalpanA bhI nahIM kI thI ki loga zodha prabandha ko par3hane ke bAda isake prakAzana ke lie itane adhIra ho utthegeN| phira vAtAvaraNa dekhakara prakAzana kA nirNaya le liyaa| isakI bhUmikA likhAne ke lie paM. phUlacandrajI

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sa siddhAntazAratrI ke pAsa jaba hastinApura gaye, kyoMki ve isa viSaya ke adhikArI vidvAna hai tathA samAja ke isa samaya sabase vayovRddha va jJAna-vRddha vidvAna haiM, unhoMne pandraha dina zodhaprabandha ko apane pAsa rakhA tathA gambhIratA se par3hakara sundara va upayogI bhUmikA likhakara dI hai, jisake lie maiM unakA kRtajJa va hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| anta meM maiM apane pUjya pitAjI zrI gambhIra candra jI vaidya va mAtAjI zrImatI prakAzaktI jaina kA bhI ciraRNI hU~ ki jinakI pAvana preraNA, utsAha va hara prakAra ke sahayoga ne isa punIta kArya meM sambala pradAna kiyaa| yadi unakA dhArmika va usakI preraNA nahIM hotI, to zAyada hI itanA nizcinta hokara nirbhIkatA se yaha kArya kara paataa| kyoMki kArya karate samaya to kisI kI preraNA va sahayoga prAyaH logoM ko nahIM mila pAtA, parantu kArya prakAzana ke pazcAt hI loga sahayoga kI bhAvanAeM pragaTa karate haiM, aura kArya kI prazaMsA bhI karate haiN| yadi kArya karate samaya sahayoga mile to zAyada vaha dviguNita ho| parantu samasyA to yaha hai ki patA kaise cale ki vaha kArya kaisA karegA ? athavA kauna kara rahA hai ? aura kisako sahayoga kI apekSA hai| jamIna ke andara par3e bIja ke sambandha meM yaha kaise patA cale ki vaha kahA~ hai usakI guNavattA kaisI hai ? ataH usake aMkurita hone para vAtAvaraNa ke tIkhe aMkuza prAyaH usakA anta kara diyA karate haiM, yadi kadAcit patA cala bhI jAve ki vaha yahA~ hai, to sahayoga ke unmukta khAda-pAnI use saDA kara svarUpa hIna kara dete haiN| maryAdita saMrakSaNa hI zreyaskara hai| ataH use khuda apane bharose nirapekSa bhAva se bar3A honA hogA, phala denA hogA, to koI phala kA lobhI usake saMrakSaNa ke prati sajaga hogA, vaha logoM ko sahayoga dene ke lie bAdhya kara skegaa| yaha to saMsAra ke jIvoM kI vyavahAra zailI hai| merA zodha kArya bhI isI prakriyA se gujarA hai, aura usake phala ne logoM ko prakAzana ke lie bAdhya kiyA hai, jisakI siddhi atyalpa kAla meM prakAzita prastuta kRti hai| isa zramaNa svarupa ke adhyayana ne merA jIvana parivartita kiyA hai, mere jIvana meM sadAcAra kA pravartana huA hai, tathA zramaNoM ke prati pahale se bhI kahIM jyAdA sammAna va pUjyanIyatA kA bhAva jAgrata huA hai| ataH pAThakagaNa bhI isa pustaka ko par3hakara sAdhu svaspa ke prati saccI zraddhA dRr3hatama karegeM, jo mere parizrama kA vAstavika uddezya hai| sAtha hI isa kRti meM sambhAvita ajJAta truTiyoM kI ora dhyAnAkarSaNa prastAva bhI mere samakSa rakheMge- isa bhAvanA ke saath| ApakA DaoN. yogeza candra jaina

Page #23
22 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA saMketa sUcI 1. IzAdya. - IzAdiviMzottara zatopaniSada 2. vaM.vi.o.jai.ramA. - bambaI prAnta ke jaina smAraka 3. jai.si.bhA. - jaina siddhAnta bhAskara 4. saM.prA.jai.smA. - saMyukta prAntIya jaina smAraka 5. pra.sA. - pravacanasAra 6. sa.sA. - samayasAra 7. bha.A. - bhagavatI ArAdhanA 8. a.dha. - anagAra dharmAmRta 9. pa.paM. - padmanandi paMcaviMzati 10. pa.pra. - paramAtma prakAza 11. ni.sA. - niyamasAra 12. jai.zi.saM. - jaina zilAlekha saMgraha 13. u. - uttarAdhyayana 14. upA. - upAsakAdhyayana 15. go.jI. gA. - gommaTaragara jIvakANDa gAthA 16. mUlA. - mUlAcAra 17. ta.sU. - tattvArtha sUtra 18. pu.si. - puspArthasiyupAya 19. mo. pA. - mokSapAhuDa 20. mo. mA.pra. - mokSamArga prakAzaka 21. zve. - zvetAmbara 22. rA.vA. - rAjavArtika 23. sa.si. - sarvArtha siddhi 24. bhA.saM.jai. yo. - bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna

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viSayAnukramaNikA prathama adhyAya jaina zramaNa : vibhinna dhArmika, aitihAsika, sAhityika pariprekSya meM tathA saMgha aura sampradAya (ka) zramaNa vicAra dhArA kI pRSThabhUmi 31 - 90 (i) jaina zramaNa ke paryAyavAcInAma 33 (ii) zramaNa agraNI : zrUSabhadeva 35 (ii) jaina zramaNa aura hindu dharma 36 (v) jaina zramaNa aura vAtarazanA 41 (vi) jaina zramaNa aura islAma 45 (kha) bhAratIya purAtatva aura jaina zramaNa (i) mohanajoDaro kA purAtatva 47 (ii) azoka ke zAsana lekha meM jaina zramaNa 48 (iii) ahicchetra ke purAtatva 49 (iv) kauzAmbI kA purAtatva 49 (v) kuhAUM guptakAlIna purAtatva 49 (vi) rAjagRha kA purAtatva 50 (vii) baMgAla kA purAtatva 50 (viii) kAdamba rAjAoM ke tAmrapatra meM jaina zramaNa 50 (ix) elorA kI guphAeM 51 (ga) bhArata ke vibhinna sAmrAjyoM meM jaina zramaNa nanda sAmrAjya 51 maurya sAmrAjya 52 sikandara mahAn aura jaina zramaNa 52 (cha) bhAratIya sAhitya meM jaina zramaNa (i) saMskRta sAhitya meM jaina zramaNa 54 (ii) tamila sAhitya meM jaina zramaNa 55 (Da.) saMgha aura saMpradAya (i) bheda : bhUmikA 56 (ii) sampradAya bheda, utpatti 57 (iii) zvetAmbarIya mAnyatA meM digambara sampradAya kI utpatti 69 (iv) digambara sampradAya aura usake bheda 75 (v) mUla saMgha ke gaNa, maccha aura anvaya 76 (vi) nandi saMgha 78 (vii) sena saMgha 79 (ix) kASThA saMgha evaM mAkura saMgha 79 (x) yApanIya saMgha 80 (xi ) drAvir3a saMgha 81

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zvetAmbara sampradAya aura usake bheda 82 (i) caityavAsI, 83 (ii) vividha gaccha 83 (iii) tapAgaccha 83 (iv) pArzva gaccha 84 (v) AMcala gaccha 84 (vi) pUrNimA evaM sArdha pUrNimiyA gaccha 84 (vii) Agamika gaccha 84 / sandarbha sUcI dvitIya adhyAya 91 171 dharma kA svarUpa 91 zramaNa aura usakA dharma 93 mUlaguNa 98 bhramaNa kA svarUpa / aTThAisa mUlaguNa paMca mahAvrata gupti svarUpa 85 ahiMsA mahAvrata 100 brahmacarya mahAvrata 105 parigraha tyAga mahAvrata 108 paMca samiti manogupti Adi kA vizeSa lakSaNa 113 guptiyoM ke aticAra 114 gupti ke aticAra 114 vacana gupti ke aticAra 114. kAryagupti ke aticAra 114 paMca indriya jaya - satya mahAvrata 102 acaurya mahAvrata 103 zramaNa aura mahilA vargavyavahAra 106 IryA samiti 115 bhASA samiti 116 eSaNA samiti 117 AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti 117 utsarga samiti 117 SaDAvazyaka sparzana-indriya nirodha 119 rasanA - indriya nirodha 119 ghrANendriya nirodha 119 cakSu indriya nirodha 119 karNa indriya nirodha 119 samatA 120 vandanA 120 stuti 120 pratikramaNa 120 pratyAkhyAna 120 kAyotsarga 121

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121 123 128 kezaloca Acelakya asnAnavrata bhUmizayana adanta dhovana eka bhuktAhAra sthiti bhojana samIkSA zramaNa dIkSA kI pAtratA dIkSA anumati vidhAna dIkSA grahaNa vidhi picchi kamaNDalu utsarga-apavAdamArga sandarbha sUcI 129 130 130 131 131 133 143 146 150 156 164 tRtIya adhyAya jaina zramaNa kI AcAra saMhitA 172 - 278 samAcAra kA artha 172 samAcAra ke bheda 172 audhika samAcAra 173 padavibhAgika samAcAra 176 (ka) SaDAvazyaka (1) sAmAyika 177 (2) caturviMzatistava 180 (3) vaMdanA 184 (4) pratikramaNa 190 (5) pratyAkhyAna 192 (6) kAyotsarga 194 SaDAvazyakopasaMhAra 199 nitya-naimittika kriyAeM 199 (kha) AhAra caryA 201 AhAra : svaspa evaM bheda 203 AhAra grahaNa kA prayojana, 204 bhikSAcaryA ke nAma 206 AhAra kA samaya 208 AhArArtha gamana vidhi 210 saMkalpapUrvaka gamana kA vidhAna 211- AhAra grahaNa ke yogya ghara 214 AhAra zuddhi 216 AhAra zuddhi ke bheda222udgama ke bheda '223: utpAdana ke bheda 224 grahaNeSaNA vipayaka doSa 225 saMyojanAdi doSa 226

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AhAra ke antarAya 227 AhAra kI mAtrA va kAla 228 AhAra grahaNa vidhi 229 (ga) vihAra caryA 232 ekala vihAra 234 vizrAma caryA 236 vasatikA ke chayAlIsa doSa 239 varSAkAla/varSAyoga grahaNa-tyAga 241 saMgha meM Agantuka zramaNa 243 (gha) samAdhimaraNa 244 (Da.) sadoSa zramaNa 250 sandarbha sUcI 278 caturtha adhyAya jaina zramaNa ke bheda-prabheda aura unakA avadAna 279 - 304 (ka) jaina zramaNa ke bheda prabheda 279 (1) AcArya 280 (i) AcArya pada ke guNa 281 (ii) uttarAdhikArI AcArya va niyukti vidhi 283 (2) upAdhyAya 284 (3) pravartaka 285 (4) sthavira 285 (5) gaNadhara 285 (6) tIrthaMkara muni 285 (7) gaNadhara muni 286 anya bheda : (i) tapasvI 286 (ii) zaikSya 286 (iii) gaNa 286 (iv) kula 287 (v) saMgha 287 (vi) sAdhu 287 (viii ) manojJa 287 (kha) cAritra evaM guNasthAna kI apekSA bheda (i) sAmAyika cAritra 287 (ii) chedopasthApanA cAritra 287 (iii) parihAra vizuddhi 288 (iv) sUkSma sAMparAya 288 (v) yathAkhyAta cAritra 288 (ga) jinakalpI aura sthavirakalpI (i) jinakalpI 289 (ii) sthavira kalpI 289 (gha) pulAka Adi muni 289 (i) pulAka muni 290 (ii) bakuza 291 (iii) kuzIla 292 (iv) nigrantha 292 (v) snAtaka 292 (vi) avAntara bheda 1. saMyama 292 2. zruta 292 3. pratisekanA 292 4. tIrva 293

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5. liMga 293 6. lezyA 293 7. upapAda 293 8. sthAna 293 (Da. ) bhAvaliMga/dravyaliMga bhAva liMga 295 294 dravya liMga 295 (ca) zramaNa kA avadAna dhArmika dArzanika avadAna 298 kAvya stotra aadi| 301 sandarbha sUcI 302 paMcama adhyAya 305 upasaMhAra pariziSTa sandarbha grantha sUcI 312 - 320 312

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28 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA Namo loe savva sAhUNaM anusaratAM padametat karambitAcAra nitynirbhimukhaa| ekAntaviratirUpA bhavati munInAmalaukikI vRttiH / / 16 / / pu.si.u. siddhoM ko, jinavara vRSabhoM ko tathA zramaNoM ko bArambAra praNAma karo aura yadi duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAne kI icchA ho to sAdhU dazA ko svIkAra kro| evaM paNamiya siddhe jiNavaravasahe paNo paNo smnne| paDivajjadu sAmaNNaM jadi icchadi dukkhaparimokkhaM / / 201 pravacanasAra / / loka pApakriyAoM meM Asakta hokara pravartana karatA hai, muni pApakriyAoM kA cintavana bhI nahIM krte| loka aneka prakAra se zarIra kI saMbhAla aura poSaNa karatA hai, parantu munirAja aneka prakAra se zarIra ko parISaha utpanna karake unheM sahana karate loka ko indriya-viSaya atyanta miSTa lagate haiM jabaki munirAja viSayoM ko halAhala viSa samAna jAnate haiN| loka ko apane pAsa jana-samudAya rucikara lagatA hai, jabaki munirAja dUsaroM kA saMyoga hone para kheda mAnate hai| loka ko bastI suhAvanI lagatI hai, kintu muni ko nirjana sthAna.hI priya lagatA hai|

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zrI 108 upAdhyAya parameSThI

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"prathama adhyAya" zramaNa vicAradhArA kI pRSThabhUmi : zramaNa kA pracalita artha sAdhu se liyA jAtA hai aura sAdhu kI sAdhutA antaronmukhI vRtti kI paricAyaka hai| yaha zramaNa paramparA bhAratavarSa kI prAcInatama dhArmika paramparA hai| isa kAla meM zramaNa paramparA kI nIMva RSabhadeva ne DAlI thI, jisakA zrImadbhAgavata Adi granthoM meM bhI ullekha hai|' vRhadAraNyaka, upaniSad evaM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM bhI zramaNa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| mahAtmA buddha se pUrva zramaNa paramparA kI siddhi vidvatsamAja meM kI hI jA cukI hai| zramaNa paramparA ko pArzvanAtha se hI aikyatA sthApana ke virodha meM DaoN.harmana jekovI likhate haiM - "yaha pramANita karane ke lie koI AdhAra nahIM hai ki pArzvanAtha jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka the| jaina paramparA RSabha ko prathama tIrthaMkara mAnane meM sarvasammati se ekamata hai| isa puSTa paramparA meM kucha aitihAsikatA bhI ho sakatI hai jo Adya tIrthaMkara mAnane ko bAdhya kara detI hai| mAnava samudAya do vargoM meM vibhakta hai- 1 gRhastha varga, 2 zramaNa yA sAdhu vrg| "zramaNa" meM pAli-prAkRta kA mUla zabda samaNa hai, jisakA saMskRta rupAntara zramaNa, mAgadhI meM "zamaNa", apabhraMza meM savaNu, kannaDa meM zravaNa, yUnAnI meM megasthAnIja "saramanAI", cInI yAtrI henasAMga ne zramaNerasa kahA hai| zramaNa zabda "zrama" dhAtU se banA hai, jisakA artha hai udyoga karanA, parizrama karanA-ya artha hamAre vicAra bindu haiN| parizrama honA cAhie, parantu usa parizrama kA dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva kyA ho? yaha usase bhI jyAdA vicAraNIya hai| "zrama" kA bhAva ke sandarbha meM dArzanika kSetra meM do prakAra kI mImAMsAeM milatI haiM- eka to ve jo kisI na kisI rUpa meM eka paramasattA kI kalpanA karake usameM hI apanA zrama sthApita kara santuSTa hote haiM, aura dvitIya ve jo kisI bhI prakAra kI paramasattA kI akalpanA meM svasattA se hI zrama sthApita karatI haiM aura isa dvitIya prakAra meM jaina darzana kI gaNanA hai| jaina darzana ne zramaNa ko Atma sattA meM hI udyamI batalAyA hai| cUMki yaha darzana akartAvAdI darzana hai|' aura isake anusAra eka dravya dUsare dravya kA kucha bhI nahIM kara sakatA hai-jaina darzana kA

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA jaba yaha tathya sAmane AtA hai to yaha nirAzAvAdI darzana sA lagatA hai ki, eka dravya dUsare dravya kA bhalA burA nahIM kara sakatA hai arthAt dUsare kA kucha bhI nahIM kara sakate haiN| parantu yahA~ isa ora bhI dhyAna jAnA cAhie ki jaba hama kisI kA kucha kara nahIM sakate haiM yA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai to, jagata ke anya sabhI dravya milakara merA kucha bhI bigAr3a nahIM sakate haiM, isameM apanI ananta zakti kA bodha bhI honA to 'caahie| 32 vastutaH zrama to svasattA meM hI hotA hai parantu use svAdhIna honA caahie| karttA use hI kahate haiM jo kArya kI sampannatA ke lie svataMtra hai|' use kisI bhI prakAra se dUsare kI apekSA na rakhanI par3e tathA vaha svayaM usa kArya rUpa se pariNamita ho / " vahI usa kArya kA kartA kahA jA sakatA hai aura vahI usakA zrama udyoga hai| ataH zramaNa-dharma Atmadravya meM zrama sthApita karane ke lie svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai na ki lokopakAra Adi kI bhAvanA ke vaza hokara / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM vyutpatti karate hue kahA ki " zrAmyati tapasyatIti zramaNaH / zramaNa zabdasya puMsi pravRtti nimitta tapaH kriyA zrAmaNyaM" arthAt jo tapasyA karatA zramaNa hai, zramaNa zabda kI puruSatva kI pravRtti meM nimitta hone se tapaH kriyA zrAmaNya hai| 7 zvetA0 Agama dazavaikAlika meM to kahA hai ki jo dUsaroM se sevA nahIM letA vahI saccA zramaNa hai| bhramaNa se lokopakAra bhI hotA hai isameM mujhe koI Apatti nahIM, parantu unakA carama lakSya yaha nahIM hotA hai| zramaNa kA carama lakSya to Atma sAdhanA hI hotA hai| vahI unakA udyama / vyavasAya hai / yaha zramaNa zabda kA bhAva hai / jaina darzana meM cUMki Izvara mArga draSTA hai, sRSTi kA karttA, dharttA, harttA nahIM isIlie use aise bhAvoM kI AvazyakatA par3I ki jisameM svAvalambana kI pravRtti jage aura vahI sabakA AdhAra stambha ho / ataH usane zramaNa caryA apanAyI jisase svarupa meM setata sajagatA evaM svAvalambana kA prasphuTana hotA rahe / zramaNa zabda kA prayoga bauddha aura sAMkhyoM meM bhI huA hai, parantu jaina dharma ke pariprekSya meM prayukta yaha zramaNa zabda jyAdA sArthaka hai| zamana kA artha hai - " zAnta karanA" / arthAta zramaNa apane rAga-dveSa Adi civikAroM ko bheda vijJAna ke bala se zAnta kara ananta zaktiyoM meM magna rahatA hai, ataH use zamana kahate haiM / samaNa = samamaNo "samaNo" samaNasya bhAvo sAmaNNaM / kvacidapyananugata rAgadveSatA samatA sAmaNNa zabdenocyate / arthAta jisakA mana sama hai vaha samaNa hai| samaNa kA bhAva sAmaNNa hai| kisI bhI vastu meM rAga dveSa na karane rupa samatA "sAmaNNa" zabda se kahI jAtI hai| zramaNacaryA aura usakI saMskRti kI dRSTi meM sabhI jIva samAna haiM, unameM varNAdi janya U~ca-nIca kA bhedabhAva arthAt asamAnatA nahIM hotI / ataH samaSTi rupa meM zramaNa zabda kA bhAvArtha hogA ki, vaha prANI jo apane zrama ke bala para rAga-dveSa Adi vikRta bhAvoM kA

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-jaina zramaNa ke paryAyavAcI nAma 33 zamana karate hue sabhI bhAvoM evaM prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai vahI zramaNa hai| isa taraha zrama, zama aura samarupa triratnoM para AdhArita hai zramaNa vicAradhArA kI pRSTha bhuumi| jaina zramaNa ke paryAyavAcI nAma jaina zramaNa ko jaina aura jainetara sAhitya meM aneka sambodhanoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai jo ki nimna haiM1. anagAra - na agAraH iti anagAraH arthAt jisake agAra/gRha nahIM vaha gRhatyAgI sAdhu anagAra hai| isa zabda kA prayoga mUlAcAra10 meM aNayAra maharisINaM...... Adi gAthA rUpa meM huA hai| isakI "AcAra vRtti" meM spaSTa karate hue kahA hai "na vidyate gAraM gRhaM vasastyAdikaMyeSAM te'ngaaraaH| zvetAmbarIya AgamoM meM bhI taM vosajjavatthamaNagAre" milatA hai| 2. Arya - AcArya zivArya 'ne apane guruoM kA ullekha isI nAma se kiyA hai-"ajjajiNaNAdigaNi-savvaguttagaNi-ajjamitaNaMdINa........"12 3. aparigrahI - tilatuSamAtra parigraha rahita jaina zramaNa / 4. ahIka - lajjAhIna, nagna shrmnn| isa zabda kA prayoga jainetara sAhityakAroM ne nagna zramaNoM ke lie ghRNA prakaTa karane ke uddezya se likhA hai-jaise bauddhoM ke "dAThAvaMza" meM13 ise ahirikA savve saddhAdi gunnvjjitaa| yathA saThAca duppancA saggamokkha bibandhakA (88; bauddha naiyAyika dharmakIrti aura kamalazIla ne bhI ahIka nAma kA ullekha jainoM ke lie kiyA hai| vAcaspati abhidhAna koSa meM bhI ahIka" ko digambara zramaNa kahA hai-"ahIka' kSapaNake tasya digambaratvena lajjAhInatvAt tthaatvm| zve. AcArya vAdidevasUri ne bhI apane "syAbAda-ratnAkara" pRSTha 230 meM digambara sAdhu kA ullekha "ahIka" zabda se kiyA hai| 5. akaccha - laMgoTI rahita jaina zramaNa14 6. atithi - jaina zramaNa ke nAma ke sandarbha meM hI sAgAra dharmAmRta meM kahA hai ki-"jJAnAdisiddhayarthaM tanusthityarthAnnAya yaH svayam, yatnenAtati gehaM vA na tithiryasya so'tithi:15 acelaka - vastra rahita shrmnn| isa zabda kA prayoga jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya meM adhikatA se milatA hai| mUlAcAra gA. 908 meM "accalakaM loco........." tathA zve. Agama AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vahA~ para, ajele parivusie tassaNaM bhikkhussaNo evbhvd|16 acelae tato cAI, taM vosajja vtthmnngaare|17

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34 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA ___ThANAMga sUtra meM "paMcehita ThANehiM samaNe NiggaMthe acelae sacelayA hiNiggaMdhIhiM saddhiM sevasayANe naaikkmii|" arthAt aura bhI paMcakAraNoM se vastra rahita sAdhu vastra sahita sAdhvI ke sAtha rahakara jinAjJA kA ullaMghana karate haiN|18 bauddha sAhitya meM bhI jaina zramaNoM ko acelaka se sambodhita kiyA hai| jaise pATilaputto acelo|19 cInI tripiTaka meM bhI "acelaka" zabda jaina zramaNa ke lie prayukta huA hai|20 bauddha TIkAkAra buddhaghoSa "acelaka se nagna" bhAva hI lete hai|21 8. RSi - jaina zramaNa kA eka nAma RSi bhI haiN| parantu yaha zabda vizeSa rupa se RddhidhArI zramaNoM ke lie huA hai| A. kundakunda ke anusAra-bhaya, rAya, dosa, moho, kohA, loho yA jassa aayttaa| paMca mahavvayadhArA AyadaNaM maharisI bhaNiyaM ___ arthAt mada, rAga, doSa, moha, krodha, lobha, mAyA Adi se rahita jo paMcamahAvrata dhArI haiM, ve mahARSi haiN|22 mUlAcAra meM anagAroM meM bhI jo mahAna hai vaha RSi kahA hai|23 9. gaNI - zramaNoM ke gaNa (samUha) meM rahane ke kAraNa athavA gaNa ke pramukha hone se "gaNI" isa nAma se bhI jAne jAte haiN| mUlAcAra samAcAra adhikAra kI gA. 43 meM "vissamido tadivasaM mImaMsittA Nivedayadi gaNiNe meM gaNiNe arthAt AcArya kA ullekha hai| 10. guru - dharma kSetra meM mahAna hone ke kAraNa "guru" nAma kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| "mUlAcAra ke samAcAra adhikAra meM gA. 25 meM" evaM ApucchitA sagavara guruNA visajjio saMto........." kA ullekha prApta hai| 11. jinaliMgI - vItarAgI sarvajJa bhagavAna dvArA upadiSTa' nagna bheSa kA pAlana karane ke kAraNa digambara jaina zramaNa isa nAma se bhI jAne jAte haiN|24 12. tapasvI - vizeSa rupa se tapa meM lIna hone ke kAraNa samantabhadrAcArya ne ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM tapasvI zabda se bhI sambodhita kiyA hai ___ "viSayAzAvazAtIto nirArambho'parigrahaH / jJAna-dhyAna-taporaktastapasvI sa prshsyte|| 13. digambara - dizAyeM hI unake vastra haiM ataH jaina zramaNa digambara bhI kahalAte haiN| muni kanakAmara apane ko digambara zabda se hI prakaTa karate haiM "vairAyahaM huvaiM diyNvrenn| supasiddha NAma kaNayAmareNa / / 26 hindu purANAdi27 sAhitya meM bhI jaina zramaNa isI nAma se ullikhita hue haiN|

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zramaNa agraNI : RSabhadeva 14. digvAsa 35 viSNupurANa ( 5 / 10) meM jaina zramaNa ke lie yaha zabda prayukta haiM- "digvAsasAmayaM dharmaH / " 15. nagna - jaina zramaNa yathAjAtarUpa hote haiM ataH ve nagna bhI kahalAte haiM / A. kundakunda isa zabda kA prayoga nimna rupa se kiyA hai / ne bhAveNa hoI Naggo, vAhira liMgeNa kiM ca NaggeNaM 28 * varAhamihira kahate hai-"nagnAn jinAnAM viduH 29 16. nirgrantha - arntavAhaya sarvathA parigraha se rahita hone ke kAraNa jaina zramaNa isa nAma se bhI jAne jAte haiN| mUlAcAra meM "NibhUsaNa NiggaMtha accelakkaM jagadi pUjja 30 bhadrabAhu caritra meM - "nirgrantha mArgamRtsRjya - sagranthatvena ye jar3A ( zloka 95 ) isI prakAra "aho nirgranthatA zUnyaM kimidaM nautanaM matam / " (zloka 145 ) Adi nAma ullikhita hai| isI taraha Niccela, nirAgAra, pANipAtra, bhikSuka, mahAvratI, muni, mAhaNa, yati, yogI, vAtavasana, vivasana, saMyamI, sthavira, sAdhu, sanyasta, zramaNa aura Adi nAmAntara jaina zramaNa ke prApta haiN| kSapaNaka zramaNa agraNI : RSabhadeva jaina dArzanikoM evaM itihAsajJoM ne zramaNa vicAra dhArA ke Adya sUtradhAra ke rupa meM Adya tIrthaMkara AdinAtha ko hI svIkRta kiyA, evaM adyAvadhi isa vaicArika zrRMkhalA ke preraka evaM samarthaka anya 23 tIrthaMkara rahe, jinameM ki antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko isa vicAradhArA kA vartamAna kAla ke prabhAvaka ke rupa meM smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / 1 jaina darzana ne eka vRhattara yuga ( kalpa kAla ) ko 6 bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| inake Adi ke tIna kAloM meM bhogabhUmi rahatI hai tathA caturtha bhAga meM bhogabhUmi kA kSaya ho jAtA hai aura taba eka yuga puruSa kA janma hotA hai aura vahI asi-masi, kRSi Adi jIvana vRttiyoM kA upadeza detA hai, tathA vahIM se naraka - mokSa ke prati logoM kI pravRtti bhI hotI hai / isa caturtha kAla meM eka samrATa RSabhadeva kA janma huA, 83 lAkha varSa pUrva taka ke zAsana ke uparAnta unhoMne zramaNa dIkSA lI / "usa kAla meM yaha prathama dIkSA thI / ve pUrNa digambara ho gye| na to unhoMne tana Dhakane ko kapar3A rakhA aura na hI anya prakAra kA parigraha / dizAeM hI unakA paridhAna thii| usa samaya munidharma ke sambandha meM logoM ko kiMcita bhI jJAna nahIM thA, phira bhI RSabhadeva ke sAtha hI apanI svAmibhakti batalAne ke lie 4000 rAjAoM ne bhI dIkSA le lii| ve bhI unhIM ke sAtha nagna ho gye|"31 cUMki "RSabhadeva jinakalpI sAdhu the ataeva akele rahate hue Atmacintana meM lage rahate the / " 32 saha- dIkSita rAjAoM munidharma ke sambandha meM koI jJAna nahIM thA, ataH RSabhadeva kI dIkSA hI usa samaya kI prathama jinadIkSA ( zramaNa ) thI /

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36 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA samrATa RSabhadeva ke dvArA gRhIta yaha caryA, rAgAdi vibhAva ko jItane vAlI, yathAjAta zramaNa vRtti rupa meM pariNata mahAmuni RSabhadeva kI yaha jIvana sAdhanA unakI apanI koI ekadama navIna nahIM thI, kyoMki prakRti ke isa niSkalaMka rUpa kA udghATana unase pUrva bhI anekoM bAra avazya huA hogaa| ataH jaina zAstra to isa kalpakAla meM aisI vRtyAtmaka dharma ke Adi pracAraka ke rUpa meM hI RSabhadeva ko svIkRta karate haiM na ki isa vRtti ke nirmAtA ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| jaina zramaNa aura hindU dharma : ___manu nAbhirAya ke putra evaM isa kalpakAla meM Adya zramaNa saMskRti ke udghATaka ke rUpa meM prasiddha "RSabhadeva ko hindu zAstroM meM viSNu ke AThaveM avatAra ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai|33 vahA~ inheM digambaratva kA Adi pracAraka ke rUpa meM batalAyA gayA hai| bhAgavat ke adhyayana uparAnta vizva vikhyAta dArzanika sara rAdhAkRSNana34 tathA bhAgavat ke bhASA bhASyakAra paM. jvAlA prasAda jI mizra35 isa pariNAma para pahuMce haiM ki bhagavAna RSabhadeva Adya jaina zramaNa the| jainAcArya inheM "yogI kalpatarU ke rUpa meM smaraNa karate haiN|36 zrImadbhAgavat meM inhIM RSabhadeva kA paramahaMsa-digambara dharma ke pratipAdaka ke rUpa meM nimna varNana milatA hai| "evamanuzAsyAtmajAn svayamanuziSTAnapi lokAnuzAsanArtha mahAnubhAvaH paramasuhRda bhagavAna RSabhodeva upazamazIlAnAmuparatakarmanAm mahAmunInAM bhaktijJAnavairAgyalakSaNam pAramahaMsya dharmamupazikSyamANaH svatanayazat jyeSThaM paramabhAvavataM bhagavajjanaparAyaNa bharataM dharaNIpAlanAyAbhiSicya svayaM bhavana evovAritaM zarIramAtra parigraha unmatta iva gaganaparidhAnaH prakIrNakakeza AtmanyAro pitA hvanIyo brahmAvartAta prvvraaj| . arthAt isa prakAra mahAyazasvI aura sabake suhRd RSabha bhagavAna ne yadyapi unake putra sabhI taraha se catura the, parantu manuSyoM ko upadeza dene ke hetu, prazAnta aura karmabandhana se rahita mahAmuniyoM ko bhaktijJAna aura vairAgya ko dikhAne vAle paramahaMsa Azrama kI zikSA dene ke hetu, apane sau putroM meM jyeSTha paramabhAgavata haribhaktoM ke sevaka bharata ko pRthivI pAlana ke hetu, rAjyAbhiSeka kara tatkAla hI saMsAra ko chor3a diyA aura AtmA meM homAgni kA Aropa kara keza kholakara unmatta kI bhA~ti nagna ho, kevala zarIra ko saMga laM, vrahamAvarta se sanyAsa dhAraNa kara cala nikle|

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jaina zramaNa aura hindu dharma 37 isI grantha ke skandha 2, adhyAya 7, pR. 76 meM inheM "digambara aura jaina mata kA calAne vAlA" usake TIkAkAra ne likhA hai|"38 isa hI grantha ke skandha 5, adhyAya 6, zloka 8-11 meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki "inakI hI zikSAoM ko lekara kaliyuga meM amuka - amuka vyakti dharma kA pracAra kreNge| isase yaha tathya to spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna RSabha deva ko viSNu kA aSTama avatAra likhane vAlA bhAgavata hI jainadharma aura bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI zikSAoM meM bhinnatA nahIM mAnatA hai| jisa mahApuruSa ne jainadharma kI zikSA evaM tIrtha pravartana kiyA ho vahI jaina tIrthaMkara hai bhale hI aise mahAyuga puruSa ko koI zAstra kisI nAma se sambodhita kyoM na kre| isase yaha tathya pragaTa hai ki bhAratIya sAhitya kevala bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke vaMza paricaya ke sambandha meM hI ekamata nahIM haiM apitu unake tIrthaMkara hone ke sambandha meM bhI ekamata haiN| nArada parivrAjakopaniSada meM chaThaveM upadeza ke 21 veM sUtra meM kahA hai ki "mumukSuH paramahaMsAkhyaH sAkSAnmokSaka sAdhanam" isa vAkya dvArA paramahaMsa ko sAkSAt mokSa kA ekamAtra sAdhana batalAyA hai| vastutaH jainetara zAstroM meM jahA~ kahIM RSabhadeva AdinAtha kA varNana AtA hai - unako paramahaMsa mArga kA pravartaka batalAyA hai|39 eka tathya yahA~ draSTavya hai ki RSabhadeva/AdinAtha ke sambandha meM hI yaha varNana jaina jainetara zAstroM meM milatA hai, kisI aura anya prAcIna mata pravartaka ke sambandha meM nahIM - ki vaha svayaM digambara rahA ho aura unhoMne digambara dharma kA upadeza diyA ho| paramahaMsopaniSada ke nimna uddharaNa isa tathya kA udghATana karate haiM ki paramahaMsa dharma ke saMsthApaka jaina saMskRti se prabhAvita avazya rahe hoNge| __ "tadetadvijJAya brAhmaNaH pAtrakamaNDaluM kaTisUtraM kaupInaM ca tatsarvamapsu visRjyA jAtarupadharazcaredAtmAnamanviccheda yathAjAtarupadharo nindo niSparigrahastatva brahmamArge samyaksampannaH: zuddhamAnasaH prANasaMdhAraNArtha yathoktakAle paMcagRheSu tu karapAtreNa yA citAhAra-mAharan lAbhAlAbhe samobhUtvA nirmamaH zukladhyAnaparAyaNA'dhyAtmaniSThaH zubhAzubhakarmanirmUlanaparaH paramahaMsa pUrNAnandaikabodh stadabrahmo'mo'hamasmIti brahmapraNavamanasmaranbhramara kITaka nyAyena zarIratrayamutsRjya deha tyAgaM karoti sa kRtakRtyo bhavatItyupaniSad / 40 ___ arthAt "aisA jAnakara brAhmaNa (brahmajJAnI) pAtra, kamaNDalu, kaTisUtra aura laMgoTI ina saba cIjoM ko pAnI meM visarjita kara janma samaya ke veSa ko dhAraNa kara arthAt bilakula nagna hokara vicaraNa kare aura AtmAnveSaNa kre| jo yathAjAta rUpadhArI, nirdvanda niSparigraha, tatvabrahmamArga meM bhale prakAra sampanna, zuddha hRdaya, prANadhAraNa ke nimitta yathokta samaya para adhika se adhika pA~ca gharoM meM vihArakara kara-pAtra meM ayAcita bhojana lene

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA vAlA tathA lAbhAlAbha meM samacitta hokara nirmamatva rahane vAlA zukladhyAnaparAyaNa, adhyAtmaniSTha, zubhAzubha karmoM ke nirmUlana karane meM tatpara paramahaMsa yogI pUrNAnanda kA advitIya anubhava karane vAlA vaha brahma maiM hU~, aise brahma praNava kA smaraNa karatA huA bhramara kITaka nyAya se - tInoM zarIroM ko chor3a kara dehatyAga karatA hai, vaha kRtakRtya hotA hai, aisA upaniSadoM meM kahA hai / " 38 prastuta avataraNa sampUrNataH digambara jaina zramaNa vRtti kA sArAMza hai / phira bhI avataraNa meM samAgata "zukladhyAnaparAyaNa" vizeSaNa jaina dArzanikoM kI hI apanI maulikatA hai| jainetara darzanoM meM kahIM bhI "zukladhyAna" kA pratipAdana nahIM huA hai| paMtajali ne bhI dhyAna ke zukladhyAna Adi bheda nahI prastuta kiye hai| ataH yoga granthoM meM Adi yogAcArya ke rUpa meM jina AdinAtha kA ullekha prApta hai, ve jainiyoM ke Adi tIrthaMkara AdinAtha se pRthak pratIta nahIM hote haiN| atharvaveda ke jAvAlopaniSada meM paramahaMsa sanyAsI kA eka vizeSaNa "nirgrantha "41 bhI diyA hai| sanyAsopaniSad meM sanyAsI ke chaha bheda kiye haiM- 42 parantu bhikSukopaniSada 3 yAjJavalkya upaniSada Adi meM sanyAsI ke cAra bheda (1) kuTicaka (2) bahudaka ( 3 ) haMsa (4) paramahaMsa ginAye haiM / - ina chahoM sanyAsiyoM meM Adya ke tIna sanyAsI tridaNDa dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa tridaNDI kahalAye evaM ye zikhA, jaTA evaM vastra kaupIna dhAraNa karate haiM / paramahaMsa sanyAsI zikhA yA yajJopavIta jaise dvija cinha dhAraNa nahIM karatA aura vaha eka daNDa evaM eka vastra dhAraNa karatA hai, deha meM bhasma ramAtA hai, tUriyAtIta sanyAsI ekadama nagna hotA hai aura vaha sanyAsa niyamoM kA pAlana karatA hai, antima avadhUta pUrNa digambara evaM nirdvanda hai, vaha sanyAsa niyamoM kI bhI cintA nahIM karatA hai, parantu vaha digambara jaina zramaNoM kI taraha kezaloca nahIM karatA, vaha apanA sira muMDavAtA hai / avadhUta pada tUriyAtIta kI maraNa avasthA hai| isa kAraNa ina donoM bhedoM kA samAveza paramahaMsa bheda meM hI kinhIM upaniSadakAroM ne garbhita kara liyA hai| upaniSadakAroM ke isa prakAra ke lekhoM se yaha atyanta spaSTa hai ki eka samaya hindU dharma meM bhI digambaratva kA vizeSa sammAna evaM mokSa kA sAkSAta sAdhana mAnA gayA thA, jo ki jaina zramaNoM kA prANa evaM vizeSa bAhya cinha hai| yahA~ para upaniSadAdi vaidika sAhitya meM jo bhI ullekha digambara sAdhu se sambandhita prApta hote haiN| una para bhI vicAra apekSita haiN| 1

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jaina zramaNa aura hindu dharma jAbAlopaniSad I "tatra paramahaMsAnAmasaMvartakAru Nizveta ketudurvAsazrRmunidAghaja'bharata.. yathAjAta rupadharo nirgrantho niSparigrahastadvahmamArge samyak sampannaH ityAdi / 44 paramahaMsopaniSad " idamantaraMjJAtvA sa paramahaMsa AkAzAmbaro na namaskAro na svAhA karo na nindA na sturtiyAdRcchiko bhavetsa bhikSuH "45 39 nArada parivrAjakopaniSad "yathAvidhizcejjAta rupadharo bhUtvA... . jAtarUpadharazcaredAtmA namanviccheyathA jAtarUpadharo nirdvando niSparigrahastatva vrahamaNamArge samyak sampannaH / tRtIyopadezaH "46 turIyaH paramohaMsaH sAkSAnnArAyaNo yatiH / ekaM rAtraM vaset grAme nagare paMcarAtrakam ( 14 ) varSAbhyo'nyatra varSAsumAsAMzca caturovaset / . muniH kaupInavAsAH syAnnagno vA dhyAna vatsaraH ( 32 ) . jAtarUpadharo bhUtvA.. . digambaraH ( 38 ) caturthopadezaH 47 uparyukta ullekhoM meM parivrAjaka ko nagna hone kA evaM varSARtu meM eka sthala para hI rahane kA nirdeza hai| parivrAjakoM ke SaDabhedoM meM dikhalAyA jA cukA hai ki utkRSTa prakAra ke parivrAjaka nagna hI rahate haiM aura vaha zreSThatama phala ko bhI pAte haiM- jaisA ki milatA bhI hai - "Aturo jIvati cetkrama sanyAsaH kartavyaH / ... Atura kuTIcakayo bhUloka bhUvalaukau / vahudakasya svargalokaH haMsasya tapolokaH / paramahaMsasya'styalokaH / turIyAtItAvadhUtayoH svasmanyeva kaivalyaM svarupAnusaMdhAnena bhramarakITa nyAyavat / 48 uparyukta uddharaNoM ke AdhAra para sanyAsiyoM meM vastrAdika aura digambaratva kA tAtvika bheda na hotA to unake pariNAmoM meM itanA pArthakya bhI nahIM rahatA / digambaratva hI vAstavika yogI kA rUpa haiM aura vahI kaivalya kA adhikArI hai| isIlie use "sAkSAt nArAyaNa" kahA gayA hai| nArada parivrAjakopaniSada meM digambaratva kA nimna ullekha prApta hotA hai "brahmacaryeNa sanyasya saMnyAsAjjAtarUpadharo vairAgya sanyAsI " 4 49

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA samyaktvasaMpannAH zuddhamAnasAH paramahaMsAcaraNena sanyAsena dehatyAgaM kurvanti te paramahaMsA nAmetyupaniSad 50 40 yAjJavalkyopaniSada meM to nagna sAdhu kA ullekha dete hue use paramezvara kA rUpa diyA gayA hai, jo ki jainoM kI mAnyatA se sAmya rakhatA hai| "yathAjAtarUpadharA nirdvandA niSparigrahAstatvabrahmamArge samyak sampannAH zuddha mAnasAH prANasaMdhAraNArthaM yathoktakAle vimukto bhaikSamAcarantudarapAtreNa lAbhAlAbhau samobhUtvA karapAtreNa: vA kamaNDaludakayo bhaikSamAcarannudaramAtra saMgrahaH / ...... AzAmbaro na namaskAro na dAraputrAbhilASI lakSyAlakSya nirvartakaH parivrAT paramezvaro bhavati 51 / mAtra upaniSadoM meM hI nagnatva kA vidhAna nahIM hai apitu vedoM meM bhI sAdhu kI nagnatA kA sAmAnyataH ullekha prApta hotA hai| dekheM yajurveda a. 13 ma. 14 meM "AtithyarUpaM mAsaram mahAvIrasya nagnahuH / rUpamupasadAmetastritro rAtrIH surAsutA / / arthAta atithi ke bhAva mahInoM taka rahane vAle parAkramazIla nagnatA kI upAsanA karo jisase ye tInoM mithyAjJAna- darzana- caritra rUpI madya naSTa hotI hai / sambhavataH isa maMtra dvArA vedakAra ne jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke Adarza ko grahaNa kiyA hai| dUsare dharmoM ke Adarza ko isa taraha grahaNa karane ke ullekha milate haiN| 52 isake atirikta atharvaveda ke pandrahaveM adhyAya meM jina vrAtya aura mahAvrAtya kA ullekha hai unameM mahAvrAtya digambara sAdhu kA anurUpa hai| kintu yaha vrAtya kA eka vAhya saMpradAya thA, jo bahuta kucha nirgrantha saMpradAya se milatA julatA thaa| balki kahanA cAhie ki vaha jaina muni aura tIrthaMkara hI kA dyotaka hai| 53 isa avasthA meM yaha mAnyatA aura bhI puSTa ho jAtI hai ki jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva dvArA digambaratva kA pratipAdana sarvaprathama huA thA aura jaba usakA prAbalya bar3ha gayA aura loga samajhane lage ki sarvocca pada pAne ke lie digambaratva Avazyaka hai to unhoMne apane zAstroM meM bhI sthAna diyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki vedoM meM bhI isakA ullekha sAmAnyataH mila jAtA 54

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jaina zramaNa : aura vAtarazanA san 1623 meM piTala DellA vaoNllA nAmaka eka yAtrI AyA thA usane ahamadAbAda meM sAbaramatI ke kinAre aura zivAloM meM aneka nAgA sAdhu dekhe the jinakI loga bahuta vinaya karateM the|55 isa vartamAna kAla meM bhI prayAga, haridvAra Adi meM Ayojita kumbha ke mele ke avasara para hajAroM nAgA sanyAsI vahA~ dekhane ko mila sakate haiM-ve paMktibaddha zahara meM nagna hI nikalate haiN|56 ____ ataH sArAMza rUpa meM hindU zAstroM evaM unakI saMskRti meM digambaratva kA mahatva spaSTa hotA hai| ataH digambaratva hinduoM ke lie bhI pUjya evaM zraddhAspada vRtti hai| jaina zramaNaH aura vAtarazanA vAtaH evaM azanA yasya saH vAtarazanA arthAt havAe~ hI jisake vastra haiM vaha vAtarazanA kahalAtA hai| vaidika paramparA ke prAcInatama granthoM meM isakA ullekha. bahudhA milatA hai| jisakA ki sambandha vaidika paramparA se hI jor3a liyA jAtA hai, parantu yadi sUkSmatA se vicAra kiyA jAe to isa vAtarazanA kA sambandha jaina zramaNa paramparA se yojita karanA jyAdA yukti-saMgata hai| bhAgavata purANa meM kahA hai ki vahirSi tasminneva viSNudatta bhagavAna paramarSibhiH prasAdito nAbhaH priyacikirSayA tadavarodhAyane merudevyAdharmAn darzayitukAmovAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAm zrRSINAm UrdhvamanthinAM zuklayA tanvAvatatAra"57 arthAt yajJa meM paramazrRSiyoM dvArA prasanna kie jAne para, he viSNudatta, pArIkSita, svayaM zrI bhagavAna (viSNa) mahArAja nAbhi kA priya karane ke lie unake ranivAsa meM mahArAnI merudevI ke garbha meM aae| unhoMne isa pavitra zarIra kA avatAra vAtarazanA zramaNa RSiyoM ke dharma ko prakaTa karane kI icchA se grahaNa kiyaa| uparyukta avataraNa meM viSNu kA RSabha avatAra ke rUpa meM jo hetu bhAgavata purANa meM batalAyA gayA hai usase vAtarazanA dharma kI paramparA bhAratIya sAhitya ke prAcInatama grantha Rgveda se niHsandeha nirAbAdha rUpa se jur3a jAtI hai| bhAgavata purANa meM yaha bhI kahA gayA ki "ayamavatAro rajasopapluta-kaivalyopazikSaNArthaH"58

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA isa paMkti kA artha yaha kiyA gayA ki bhagavAna kA yaha avatAra rajoguNa se bhare hue logoM ko kaivalya zikSA dene ke lie huaa| kintu ukta vAkya kA yaha artha bhI saMbhava hai ki yaha avatAra raja se upapluta arthAta rajodhAraNa (maladhAraNa) vatti dvArA arthAt nagna vati dvArA arthAt pUrNa nagnatA meM hI raja arthAt dhUla zarIra se laga sakatI hai| isa prakAra ke bAhya bheSa dvArA kaivalya prApti kI zikSA dene ke lie huA thaa|" jaina zramaNoM kI vRtti meM asnAna, adantadhAvana, malaparISaha Adi dvArA rajodhAraNa saMyama kA Avazyaka aMga mAnA gayA hai| buddha ke samaya meM bhI rajojallika zramaNa vidyamAna the| buddha bhagavAna ne zramaNoM kI AcArapraNAlI meM vyavasthA lAte hue eka bAra kahA thA "nAhaM bhikkhave saMghATikasya saMghATidhAraemattena sAmajjavadAmi acelakassa acelakamattena rajojallikassa rajojallikamatena---jaTilakasya jaTAdhAraNamattena sAmajaM vadAmi"59 arthAta he bhikSuo! maiM saMghATika ke saMghATI dhAraNa mAtra se zrAmaNya nahIM kahatA, acelaka ke acelakatvamAtra se, rajojallika ke rajojallikatva mAtra se aura jaTilaka ke jaTAdhAraNamAtra se bhI zrAmaNya nahIM khtaa| uparyukta prasaMga meM prazna hai ki jina vAtarazanA muniyoM ke dharmoM kI sthApanA karane tathA rajojallika vRtti dvArA kaivalya kI prApti sikhAne ke lie bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA avatAra huA thA, ve kaba se bhAratIya sAhitya meM ullikhita pAye jAte haiN| isake lie jaba hama bhArata ke prAcInatama grantha vedoM ko dekhate haiM to hameM vahA~ bhI vAtarazanA muniyoM kA ullekha aneka sthaloM meM dikhAI detA hai| Rgveda kI vAtarazanA muniyoM ke sambandha kI RcAoM meM una muniyoM kI sAdhanAyeM draSTavya haiM: muniyoM vAtarazanAH pizaMgA vasate malA / vAtasyAnu dhAjiM yanti yadevAso avikSataM / / unmaditA mauneyena vAtAM AtasthimA vym| zarIredasmAkaM yUyaM martAso abhipazyatha / / 60 sAyaNa bhASya kI sahAyatA se DaoN. hIrAlAla jI ne isakA artha nimna kiyA hai "atIndriyArtha darzI vAtarazanA muni mala dhAraNa karate haiM jisase ve piMgala varNa ke dikhAyI dete haiN| jaba ve vAyu kI gati ko prANopAsanA dvArA dhAraNa kara lete haiM arthAt roka lete haiM taba ve apanI tapa kI mahimA se dIpyamAna hokara devatA svarUpa ko prApta ho jAte haiN| sarva laukika vyavahAra ko chor3akara hama mauna vRtti se unmata vat ( utkRSTa Ananda sahita) vAyu

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jaina zramaNa : aura vAtarazanA bhAva ko ( azarIrI dhyAna vRti ko) prApta hote haiM, aura tuma sAdhAraNa manuSya hamAre bAhya zarIra mAtra ko dekha pAte ho, hamAre sacce AbhyaMtara ko nahIM ( aisA ve vAtarazanA muni prakaTa karate haiM)61 Rgveda meM ukta RcAoM ke sAtha meM kezI kI stuti kI gayI hai| kezyagni kezI viSaM kezI vibharti rodsii| kezI vizvaM svardaze kezIdaM jyotirucyte||62 arthAt kezI, agni, jala tathA svarga aura pRthvI ko dhAraNa karatA hai| kezI samasta vizva ke tatvoM kA darzana karAtA hai| kezI hI prakAzamAna (jJAna) jyoti (kevalajJAnI) kahalAtA hai| kezI kI yaha stuti ukta vAtarazanA muniyoM ke varNana Adi meM kI gayI hai, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki kezI vAtarazanA muniyoM ke pradhAna the| Rgveda ke ina kezI va vAtarazanA muniyoM kI sAdhanAoM kA bhAgavata purANa meM ullikhita vAtarazanA zramaNa RSi unake adhinAyaka RSabha aura unakI sAdhanAoM se tulanA karane yogya hai| Rgveda ke vAtarazanA mani aura bhAgavata ke vAtarazanA zramaNa RSi eka hI sampradAya ke vAcaka haiM yaha to niHsandeha svIkRta hai| kezI kA artha kezadhArI hotA hai jisakA artha sAyaNAcArya ne "kezasthAnIya razmiyoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle" kiyA hai aura usase sUrya kA artha nikAlA hai| kintu usakI koI sArthakatA va saMgati vAtarazanA muniyoM ke sAtha nahIM baiThatI, jisakI sAdhanAoM kA usa sUkta meM varNana hai| kezI spaSTataH vAtarazanA muniyoM ke adhinAyaka hI ho sakate haiM jinakI sAdhanA meM maladhAraNa, maunavRtti aura unmAda bhAva kA vizeSa ullekha hai| sUkta meM Age unheM hI "munirdeva devasya sau kRtyAya sakhAhitaH "63 arthAt deva devoM ke muni va upakArI aura hitakArI sakhA kahA hai| vAtarazanA zabda meM aura mUlarUpI vasana dhAraNa karane meM unakI nAgnya vRtti kA bhI saMketa hai| kesara, keza aura jaTA eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiM "saTAjaTA-kesarayoH" / siMha bhI apane kezoM ke kAraNa kesarI kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra kezI aura kesara eka hI kesariyA nAtha yA RSabhanAtha ke vAcaka pratIta hote haiN| jaina purANoM meM RSabha kI jaTAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| padmapurANa ( 3,288 ) meM varNana hai-"vAtor3hatA jaTAstasyarejurAkula mUrtayaH" aura harivaMza purANa meM (9,204) meM kahA hai ki-"sa prlmbjttaabhaarbhraajissnnuH"| isa . prakAra Rgveda ke kezI aura vAtarazanA muni, tathA bhAgavatapurANa ke RSabha aura vAtarazanA zramaNa RSi evaM kezariyA nAtha RSabha tIrthaMkara aura unakA nimrantha sampradAya eka hI siddha hote haiN|64

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA kezI aura RSabha ke eka hI puruSavAcI hone ke ukta prakAra se anumAna kara lene ke pazcAt anAyAsa hI dRSTi Rgveda kI eka aisI RcA para par3atI hai jisameM vRSabha aura kezI kA sAtha-sAtha ullekha AyA hai - RcA nimna hai 44 "kakardave vRSabho yukta AsId / avAvacIta sArathirasya kezI / dudharyuktasya dravrataH sahAnasa / Rcchanti mA niSpAdo mudgalAnIm / / Rgveda 10,102,6 jisa sUkta meM yaha RcA AyI hai usakI prastAvanA meM nirukta ke jo mudagalasya hRtA gAvaH " Adi zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, unake anusAra mudgala RSi kI gauvoM ko cora curA le gaye the, unheM vApisa karane ke lie RSi ne kezI vRSabha ko apanA sArathi banAyA, jisake vacana mAtra se ve gaue~ Age na bhAgakara pIche kI aura lauTa pdd'ii| prastuta RcA kA bhASya karate hue sAyaNAcArya ne pahale to vRSabha aura kezI kA vAcyArtha pRthak batalAyA hai kintu phira prakArAntara se unhoMne kahA hai " 'athavA asya sArathiH sahAyabhUtaH kezI prakRSTa kezo vRSabhaH avAvacIt bhrazamazabdayat" ityAdi / sAyaNa ke isI artha ko tathA nirukta ke ukta kathA-prasaMga ko bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue gAthA kA yaha artha bhI pratIta hotA hai mudgala RSi ke sArathI (vidvAna netA ) kezI vRSabha jinakA aridamana svarupa thA, to jaba unakI vANI khirI to usake phalasvarupa jo mudgala RSi kI gauveM (indriyA~) jute hue durdhara ratha (zarIra ) ke sAtha daur3a rahI thIM, ve nizcala hokara maudgalAnI ( mudgala kI svAtmavRtti) kI ora lauTa pdd'iiN| tAtparya yaha ki mudgala RSi kI jo indriyA~ parAGmukhI thIM ve unake ukta jJAnI netA ke thI, vRSabha ke dharmopadeza ko sunakara antarmukhI ho gayIM / isa prakAra kezI aura vRSabha yA RSabha ke ekatva kA svayaM Rgveda se hI pUrNataH samarthana ho jAtA hai| isI sambandha meM Rgveda ke ziznadevoM (nagnadevoM) vAle ullekha bhI dhyAna dene yogya haiN| (Rgveda 7, 21, 5, 10, 99,3) isa prakAra Rgveda meM ullikhita vAtarazanA muniyoM ke nirgrantha sAdhuoM tathA una muniyoM ke nAyaka kezI muni kA RSabhadeva ke sAtha ekIkaraNa ho jAne se jainadharma kI prAcInatA kI siddhi para bahuta anukUla prabhAva par3atA hai|

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jaina zramaNa : aura islAma 45 ukta vAtarazanA muniyoM kI jo mAnyatA va sAdhanAe~ vaidika RcA meM bhI ullikhita haiM una para se hama isa paramparA ko vaidika paramparA se pRthaka rupa se spaSTataH samajha sakate haiN| vaidika RSi vaise tyAgI aura tapasvI nahIM the, jaise ye vAtarazanA muni the| ve RSi svayaM gRhastha hai, yajJa sambandhI vidhi vidhAna meM AsthA rakhate haiM aura apanI ihalaukika icchAoM jaise putra, dhana, dhAnya Adi sampatti kI prApti ke lie indrAdi devI devatAoM kA AhvAna karate-karAte haiM, tathA isake upalakSya meM yajamAnoM se dhana sampatti kA dAna svIkAra karate haiN| kintu ThIka isake viparIta ye vAtarazanA muni ukta kriyAoM meM rata nahIM hote| samasta gRhadvAra, strI-putra, dhana-dhAnya Adi parigraha, yahA~ taka ki vastra kA bhI parityAga kara, bhAvatti se rahate haiN| zarIra kA snAnAdi saMskAra na kara mala dhAraNa kiye rahate haiM - mauna vRti se rahate haiM tathA anya devI devatAoM ke ArAdhana se mukta AtmadhyAna meM hI apanA kalyANa samajhate haiN| spaSTataH yaha usa zramaNa paramparA kA prAcIna rupa hai jo Age calakara aneka avaidika sampradAyoM ke rUpa meM jAnI gayI aura jinameM se do arthAt jaina evaM bauddha sampradAya Aja taka bhI vidyamAna haiN| prAcIna samasta bhAratIya sAhitya, vaidika, bauddha va jaina tathA zilAlekhoM meM bhI brAhmaNa aura zramaNa dhamoM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| ataH vedoM meM kathita "tAtarazanA" jaina zramaNoM se hI prabhAvita eka rupa hai| jaina zramaNa aura islAmaH jaina zramaNoM kA prabhAva evaM ullekha hindu dharma ke atirikta anya islAma Adi dharmoM para bhI par3A hai| __ yadyapi islAma kisI na kisI rUpa meM hiMsaka vRtti kA paricAyaka hI rahA hai evaM yaha bhArata ke lie videzI dharma bhI rahA hai, tathApi yaha bhArata meM jaina zramaNoM ke nisaMga va niSkalaMka rupa se aprabhAvita na raha skaa| paigambara hajarata muhammada kA kama vastroM kA paridhAna evaM hAtha kI aMgUThI bhI unakI namAz2a meM bAdhaka huA karatI thii| kintu yaha unake lie islAma ke usa janma kAla meM saMbhava nahIM thA ki vaha khuda nagna hokara tyAga aura vairAgya-tarke duniyA kA zreSThatama udAharaNa prastuta karate, yaha kArya unake pazcAt hue islAma ke sUphI tatvavetAoM ke bhAga meM aayaa| unhoMne "tarka" athavA tyAga dharma kA upadeza spaSTataH isa taraha diyaa| ___ "To Abandon the world, its comforts and dress,-all things now and to come.-conformably with the Halles of the Prophet"

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA ___arthAt "duniyA~ kA sambandha tyAga denA, tarka kara denA usakI AzAizoM aura pozAka-saba hI cIjoM ko aba kI aura Age kI-paigambara sAhaba kI hadIsa ke mutAbika" isa upadeza ke anusAra islAma meM tyAga aura vairAgya ko vizeSa sthAna milaa| usameM aise daraveza hue jo digambaratva ke samarthaka the aura turkistAna meM abdula nAmaka daraveza nagna rahakara apanI sAdhanA meM lIna rahate batalAye jAte haiN|68 islAma ke prasiddha gaphI tatvavettA aura suprasiddha "masnavI nAmaka grantha ke racayitA zrI jalAluddIna rUmI nagnatA kA upadeza isa taraha se dete haiN| 1. guphata masta ai mahataba va gujAra rava-aja virahanA ke tavAM buradana garava ( jilda-2, pR. 262) 2. jAmA pozAM rA najara paragAja rAsta-jAmai ariyAM rA tajallI jevara asta (ji. 2, pR.282) 3. "yAja ariyAnAna vayakasU bAja rava-yA cUM IzA phAriga va ve jAmA zava" varanamI tAnI ki kula ariyAM zavI-jAmA kamakuna tA raha ausata rvii||" (ji.2, saphA 383)69 isakA urdU anupAda "ilhAmeM manjama" nAmaka pustaka meM isa prakAra diyA 1. masta bolA, mahataba, kara kAmajA-hogA kyA naMge se tU ahade vara aa| 2. hai najara dhobI pai jAma-poza kI-hai tajallI jevara ariyAM tnii|| 3. yA virahanoM se ho yakasU bAkaI-yA ho unakI taraha vejAmai akhii| 4. matalaMkana ariyAM jo ho sakatA nahIM-kapaDe kama yaha hai ausata ke krii|| yahA~ sArAMza hai ki koI tArkika masta nagna daraveza se vivAda karane lgaa| usane spaSTa kaha diyA ki vastra apanAkara, tU nagna ke sAmane Thahara nahIM sktaa| vastradhArI ko sadaiva dhone kI cintA lagI rahatI hai, kintu nagna tana kI zobhA daivI prakAza hai| basa, yA to tU nagna sAdhuoM se ulajhA na kara athavA unakI taraha AjAda aura nagna ho jaao| aura yadi tU eka sAtha vastra utAra nahIM sakatA to nyUnatama vastra kA prayoga kara aura madhyama mArga ko svIkAra kr| uparyukta upadeza meM jaina zramaNoM kI caryA kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| ukta islAma ke isa upadeza ke anusAra saikar3oM muslima phakIroM ne nagna veza ko atIta kAla meM dhAraNa kiyA thA unameM abula kAsima gilAnI aura saramada zahIda ullekhanIya haiN| vartamAna kAla meM bhI Aja se 11 varSa pUrva kAnapura nagara meM prasiddha phakIra sAdika zAha paMjAba vAle nagna hI rahate the, nagna hI bhramaNa karate the tathA jinakA intakAla san 1976 ko mahInA 12 vaphAta 4 tA. do bajakara 40 minaTa para huA thA tathA iphtikhArAbAda muhalle kI masjida meM

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bhAratIya purAtatva aura jaina zramaNa unakI majAra hai jisa para maiMne svayaM bahuta logoM ko nitya namAja par3hate dekhA hai / masjida bahuta sundara hai tathA bAhara usakI phoTo lagI hai / parantu vaha savastra hai / aura jaina zramaNa : 47 (kha) bhAratIya purAtatva (1 ) mohana - jo- DAro kA purAtatva bhAratIya purAtatva meM sindhughATI kI mohana - jo DAro evaM har3appA nAmaka grAmoM meM prApta purAtatva prAcInatama mAnA jAtA hai| vidvAnoM ke anusAra usakA jIvana kAla 6000 se 2400 varSa IsA se pUrva mAnA hai / vahA~ se kAyotsarga ( khar3I huyI donoM hAtha laTakAye dhyAnadazA jo ki jaina zramaNAM kA hI vepa hai ) meM yogiyoM kI pASANa pratimAe~ prApta huyI haiN| isa sambandha meM hI sara jAnamArzala kA kathana hai ki "sindhu saMskRti evaM vaidika saMskRti ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha hotI hai ki ina donoM saMskRtiyoM meM paraspara koI sambandha yA samparka nahIM thaa| vaidika dharma sAmAnyatayA amUrti pUjaka hai, jabaki mohanajoDArI evaM har3appA meM mUrtipUjA sarvatra spaSTa parilakSita hotI hai / mohana jo DAro ke makAnoM meM havana kuNDoM kA sarvathA abhAva hai|" rAmaprasAda cA~dA kA kathana hai ki "sindhu ghATI kI aneka mudrAoM meM aMkita na kevala baiThI huyI devamUrtiyAM yogamudrA meM hai aura usa sudUra atIta meM sindhu ghATI meM yoga mArga ke pracAra ko siddha karatI hai apitu khaDgAsana devamUrtiyAM bhI yoga kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiM, aura yaha kAyotsarga dhyAna mudrA vizeSa rUpa se jainoM kI haiN| Adi purANa meM isa kAyotsarga mudrA kA ullekha RSabha yA vRSabhadeva ke tapazcaraNa ke sambandha meM bahudhA huA hai| bhagavAna RSabha kI isa kAyotsarga mudrA meM khaDgAsana prAcIna mUrtiyA~ IsvI san ke prArambha kI milI haiN| prAcIna misra meM prArambhika rAjavaMzoM ke samaya kI donoM hAtha laTakAye khar3I mUrtiyA~ milatI haiM kintu ina prAcIna misrI mUrtiyoM tathA prAcIna yUnAnI kuroI nAmaka mUrtiyoM meM prAyaH vahI AkRti hai, tathApi unameM usa dehotsarga-niHsaMga bhAva kA abhAva hai, jo sindhu ghATI kI mudrAoM para aMkita mUrtiyoM meM tathA kAyotsarga mudrA se yukta ( jina ) mUrtiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai|"vRssbh"bhgvaan RSabha kA cinha hai| pro. rAnADe ke anusAra "RSabhadeva aise yogI the jinakA deha ke prati pUrNa nirmamatva unakI Atmopalabdhi kA sarvopari lakSaNa thA / " pro. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra na kevala sindhu ghATI ke dharma ko jainadharma se sambandhita mAnate haiM, varan vahA~ se prApta eka mudrA para to unhoMne "jinezvara ( jinaiisaraha) zabda bhI aMkita rahA batAyA hai| pro. esa. zrI kaNThazAstrI kA kahanA hai ki " apane digambara dharma, yogamArga, vRSabha Adi vibhinna cinhoM kI pUjA Adi bAtoM ke kAraNa prAcIna sindhu sabhyatA jainadharma ke sAtha adbhuta sAdRzya rakhatI hai| ataH vaha mUlataH anArya athavA kama se kama avaidika to hai hI /

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA uparyukta tathyoM ke eka vihaMgAvalokana se yaha spaSTataH pratIta hotA hai ki bhArata kA prAcInatama purAtatva jaina zramaNoM se pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa meM prabhAvita evaM samarthaka rahA hai| 48 (2) azoka ke zAsana lekha meM jaina zramaNa : sindhu deza ke purAtatva ke pazcAt samrATa azoka dvArA nirmita purAtatva hI sarva prAcIna hai / vaha purAtatva bhI jaina zramaNoM ke astitva kA dyotaka hai| samrATa azoka ne apane eka zAsana lekha meM AjIvaka sAdhuoM ke sAtha nirgrantha sAdhuoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 71 azoka ke pazcAt khaNDagiri - udayagiri kA purAtatva jaina zramaNa kI prasiddhi kA poSaka hai| jaina samrATa khAravela ke hAthI guphA vAle zilAlekha meM digambara zramaNoM kA tApasarUpa kA ullekha hai| 72 unhoMne sAre bhArata ke digambara zramaNoM kA sammelana kiyA thA / khAravela kI paTarAnI ne bhI digambara muniyoM-kaliMga zramaNoM ke lie guphA nirmita karAkara unakA ullekha apane zilAlekha meM nimna prakAra kiyA hai / "arahantapasAdAyam kaliMgAnam samanAnaM lenaM kAritam rAjJo lAlaka sahathIsAhasapapotas dhutunA kaliMga cakravartino zrI khAravelasa agamahilinA kAritam / " bhAvArtha - arhanta ke prAsAda yA mandira rupa yaha guphA kaliMga deza ke zramaNoM ke lie kaliMga cakravartI rAjA khAravela kI pramukha paTarAnI ne nirmita karAyI, jo hathIsAhasa ke pautra lAlakasa kI putrI thii| 73 khaNDagiri - udayagiri ke uparyukta zilAlekhoM se I. pU. dUsarI zatAbdI meM digambara zramaNoM ke kalyANakArI astitva kA patA calatA hai| mathurA kA purAtatva I. pU. prathama zatAbdI kA hai aura usase pUrva bhI zramaNoM kA janatA meM bahumAna honA prasiddha hai / vahA~ kI prAyaH saba hI prAcIna pratimAyeM nagna digambara haiM / eka stUpa ke citra meM jaina zramaNa nagna, picchi va kamaNDalu liye dikhAye gaye haiN|74 jaise " namo arhato vardhamAnasa ArAye gaNikAyaM loNa zobhikAyeM dhitusamaNa sAvikAye nAdAye gaNiko vasu (ye) Arhato devikula Aya sabhA prayAzila (T) paTo patiSThApitoniganthAnam arhatA yatane sahAmAtare bhaginiye dhitare putreNa sarvena ca parijanena arhat pujAye / " arthAt - arhat bhagavAna ko namaskAra / zramaNoM ke lie zrAvikA ArAyagaNikA loNazobhikA kI putrI nAdAya gaNikA vasu ne apanI mAtA, putrI, putra aura apane sarva kuTumba sahita arhat kA eka mandira eka AyAga sabhA, tAla aura eka zilA nirgrantha arhatoM ke pavitra sthAna para bnvaaye| 75

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bhAratIya purAtatva aura jaina zramaNa eka aura AyAgapaTa para ke lekha meM bhI zramaNoM (digambara) kA ullekha hai|76 aise anekoM vahA~ ke purAtatvIya ullekhoM se jaina zramaNoM kI sammAnanIya sthiti kI siddhi hotI (3) ahicchetra ke purAtatva : ahicchetra para eka samaya nAgavaMzI rAjAoM kA rAjya thA aura ve digaa| jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| vahA~ ke kaTArI kheDA kI khudAI meM DaoN. phuharara sA. ne eka sabhA mandira khudavAyA thaa| yaha mandira I.pU. prathama zatAbdI kA anumAnita hai| aura yaha pArzvanAtha kA mandira hai| isameM prApta pratimAyeM san 86 se 152 taka kI haiM jo ki nagna haiN| yahA~ eka IToM kA banA huA prAcIna stUpa bhI milA thA, jisake eka stambha para nimnataH ullekha haiM "mahAcArya indranandi ziSya pArzvayatissa koTTArI" AcArya indranandi usa samaya ke prasiddha digambara zramaNa the| (4) kauzAmbI kA purAtatva : kauzAmbI kA purAtatva bhI digambara zramaNoM ke astitva kA dyotaka hai| vahA~ se kuSANa kAla kA mathurA jaisA AyAgapaTTa milA hai, jise rAjA zivamitra ke rAjya meM Arya zivanandi kI ziSyA bar3I sthavirA ke kahane se zivapAlitA ne arhata kI pUjA ke lie sthApita kiyA thaa|78 (5) kuhAUM kA guptakAlIna purAtatva : kuhAU~ ( gorakhapura ) se prApta purAtatva guptakAla meM digambara zramaNoM kI pradhAnatA kA dyotaka hai| vahA~ ke pASANa stambha meM nIce kI ora jaina tIrthaMkara aura sAdhuoM kI nagna pratimAyeM hai, aura usa para nimna zilAlekha haiN| "yasyopasthAna bhUminapati-zataziraH paatvaataavdhuutaa| guptAnAM vaMzajasya pravisatayazasastasya sarvottama / rAjye zakropamasya kSitipaH zatapateH skanda guptasya zAnteH / varSe trizaMdadazaikottaraka-zata-tame jyeSTha mAse prapanne khyAte'smin grAma ratne kakubhaiti jaina sAdhu-saMsarga purte putro yassomilasya pracura guNanidheTTisomo mahArthaH tatsunU rudRsomaH pRthulamatiyathA vyAghratyanya saMjJo madrastasyAtmajo - mUdadvija - guruyatiSu prAyazaH prItimAnyaH / / ityAdi" uparyukta uddharaNa kA bhAva hai ki saMvat 141 meM prasiddha sAdhuoM ke saMsarga se pavitra kakuMbha grAma meM brAhmaNa guru aura yatiyoM ke priya madra nAmaka vipra rahate the, jinhoMne pA~ca arhata-bimba nirmita karAye the| isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya kakubha grAma meM digambara zramaNoM

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jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA kA vRhata saMgha rahatA thaa| (6) rAjagRha (bihAra) kA purAtatva : rAjagRha kA purAtatva bhI guptakAla meM vahA~ jaina zramaNoM ke bAhulya kA sUcaka hai| vahA~ ke guptakAlIna nagna jaina pratimAoM ke nimna zilAlekha draSTavya haiN| nirvANalAbhAya tapasvi yogye shubheguhe'rhtprtimaaprtisstthe| AcAryaratnam munivairadaivaH vimuktaye kAraya dIrghatajaH / 9 ___ arthAta nirvANa kI prApti ke lie tapasviyoM ke yogya aura zrI arhanta kI pratimA se pratiSThita zubha guphA meM muni vairadeva ko mukti ke lie parama tapasvI AcArya pada rUpI ratna prApta huA arthAt muni vairadeva ko zramaNa saMgha ne AcArya pada meM sthApita kiyaa|" isa zilAlekha ke nikaTa hI eka nagna mUrti kA nimna bhAga utkIrNa hai, jisase isakA sambandha digambara zramaNoM se spaSTa hai|80 (7) baMgAla kA purAtatva : guptakAla aura usake bAda kaI zatAbdiyoM taka vaMgAla, AsAma aura uDIsA prAntoM meM digambara jaina dharma kA pracalana thaa| nagna jaina pratimAeM vahA~ ke kaI jiloM meM bikharI huyI milatI haiN| pahAr3apura (rAjazAhI) guptakAla meM eka jaina kendra thaa|81 vahA~ se prApta eka tAmralekha digambara zramaNa saMgha kA dyotaka hai| usameM aMkita hai ki gupta saM. 159 (san 478 ) meM eka brAhmaNa dampatti ne nirgrantha vihAra kI pUjA ke lie vaTagAsahalI grAma meM bhUmidAna dI thii| nirgrantha saMgha AcArya guhanandi aura unake ziSyoM dvArA zAsita thaa|82 (8) kAdamba rAjAoM ke tAmrapatroM meM jaina zramaNa : devagiri se prApta kAdambavaMzI rAjAoM ke tAmrapatra I. pA~cavI zatAbdi meM digambara zramaNoM ke astitva ko siddha karate haiN| eka lekha meM hai ki mahArAjA kAdamba zrIkRSNa varmA ke rAjakumAra putra devavarmA ne jaina mandira ke lie yApanIya saMgha ke digambara zramaNoM ko eka kheta dAna diyA thaa| dUsare lekha meM pragaTa hai ki "kAkuSTha vaMzI zrI zAntivarmA ke putra kAdamba mahArAja mRgezvara varmA ne apane rAjya ke tRtIya varSa meM paralUrA ke AcAryoM ko dAna diyA thaa| tIsare lekha meM kahA gayA hai ki-"isI mRgezvara varmA ne jaina mandiroM meM aura nirgrantha (digambara) tathA zvetapaTa (zvetAmbara) saMghoM ke sAdhuoM ke vyavahAra ke lie eka kAlavaMgDa. nAmaka grAma arpaNa kiyA thaa|83 udayagiri (bhelasA) meM pA~cavI zatAbdi kI banI huI guphAeM haiN| jinameM jaina zramaNa dhyAna kiyA karate the aisA unameM lekha bhI hai|84

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bhArata ke vibhinna sAmrAjyoM meM jaina zramaNa isI prakAra ajantA kI prasiddha guphAoM ke purAtatva meM IsvI sAtavIM zatAbdi meM digambara zramaNoM ke astitva kI pramANikatA prApta hai| vahA~ kI guphA naM. 13 meM digambara zramaNa saMgha citrita hai| guphA naM. 33 meM digambara pratimAeM haiN| bAdAmI (vIjApura) meM san 650 I. kI jaina guphA usa samaya ke jaina zramaNoM kI sattA kI dyotaka hai| usameM zramaNoM ke dhyAna karane yogya sthAna evaM nagna pratimAeM aMkita haiN| (9) elorA kI guphAeM : AThavIM zatAbdI meM nirmita elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM indrasabhA nAmaka guphA meM jaina muniyoM ke dhyAna karane aura upadeza dene yogya kaI sthAna haiM, aura unameM aneka nagna mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| bAhubali svAmI kI bhI khaDgAsana mUrtiyA~ "jagannAthasabhA" "choTA kailAza" Adi guphAeM bhI isI DhaMga se kI haiM aura unase tatkAlIna digambara zrAmaNya kI nirAbAdha sattA kA paricaya milatA hai| uparyukta lekhoM ke atirikta 8-10 zatAbdI ke mUlaguMDa, sUndI (dhAravADa) Adi ke purAtatva jaina zramaNoM kI prazaMsAtmaka zilAlekha tathA kolhApura meM zilAhAra rAjA ke zilAlekha milate haiM evaM vahA~ ke "iravina myUjiyama meM eka 10vIM zatAbdI kA zilAlekha jaina zramaNa ke utkarSa ko prakAzita karatA hai, to dUsarI tarapha gvAliyara aura duvakuMDa meM 11vIM zatAbdI ke zilAlekha digambara jaina zramaNa ke paricAyaka haiM, khajurAho, jhAlarApATana, alavara, vijauliyA, devagaDha (jhA~sI) aMjanerI (nAsika jilA) velagAma, bIjApura, tevarI (jabalapura ), dillI, lakhanaU, kalakattA Adi kI purAtAtvika sAmagrI bhI digambara jaina zramaNa saMgha kI prasiddhi meM kisI se bhI kama nahIM rahI hai| niSkarSa rupa meM pUrva se pazcima evaM. uttara se dakSiNa taka sampUrNa bhArata meM digambara jaina zramaNoM kI arvAcInatA ke bhI sUcaka zilAlekha pAe jAte haiM, jisase eka lambe prAcIna kAla se digambara jaina zramaNoM kI sarvamAnyatA kI siddhi hotI hai| (ga) bhArata ke vibhinna sAmrAjyoM meM jaina zramaNa : (1) nanda sAmrAjya jaina zramaNoM kI prAcIna samrAToM ke sAmrAjya meM kAphI santoSaprada evaM sammAnanIya sthiti rahI hai, prasiddha nanda vaMza ke sAmrAjya meM prasiddha puruSoM ne svayaM digambara jaina zramaNa hokara dezATana karate hue janatA kA upakAra kiyA thA evaM nandarAjA jainoM ke saMrakSaka 285 aura rAjA nanda ke mantrI zakaTAla ke putra sthUlabhadra ne digambara zramaNa kI dIkSA svIkAra kI thii|86 yaha nanda vaMza ati pratApI evaM vikhyAt samrATa thaa| isane dakSiNa pUrva aura pazcimIya samudrataTavartI deza jIta liye the tathA uttara meM himAlaya pradeza aura kAzmIra evaM avantI aura

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA kaliMga deza ko bhI usane apane adhIna kara liyA thaa| kaliMga vijaya meM usane vahA~ se samudrataTavartI deza jIta liye the tathA uttara meM himAlaya pradeza aura kAzmIra evaM avantI aura kaliMga deza ko bhI usane apane adhIna kara liyA thaa| kaliMga vijaya meM vaha vahA~ se "kaliMgajina" nAmaka eka prAcIna pratimA lAyA thA aura use sAdara apanI rAjadhAnI pATalIputra meM sthApita kiyA thaa| antima nanda kA maMtrI "rAkSasa" nIti nipuNa vyakti thaa| "mudrArAkSasa" nATaka meM use jIvasiddhi nAmaka kSapaNaka arthAt jaina zramaNa ke prati vinaya pradarzita karate dikhalAyA hai| (2) maurya sAmrAjya meM jaina zramaNa nanda rAjAoM ke pazcAt magadha kA rAjachatra candragupta nAma ke eka kSatriya rAjaputra ko milA thaa| usane samasta bhArata para adhikAra karate hue "mauryI" nAmaka rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kI thii| jaina zAstra isa rAjA ko digambara muni zramaNapati zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA ziSya batalAte haiN| yUnAnI rAjadUta megAsthanIja bhI candragupta ko zramaNa bhakta prakaTa karatA hai|88 samrATa candragupta ne apane putra ko rAjya dekara bhadrabAhu svAmI ke nikaTa jinadIkSA dhAraNa kI thI aura ve anya digambara zramaNoM ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata ko cale gaye the|89 zravaNabelagola kA kaTavapra nAmaka parvata unhIM ke kAraNa "candragiri" nAma se prasiddha ho gayA hai, kyoMki usa parvata para candragupta ne tapazcaraNa kiyA thA aura vahIM unakA samAdhimaraNa huA thaa| samrATa azoka ne apane eka stambha lekha meM nirgrantha zramaNoM ke saMrakSaNa kA Adeza prasArita kiyA thaa|91 isa prakAra maurya sAmrAjya meM bhI jaina zramaNoM kI kAphI pratiSThA thii| (3) sikandara mahAna aura jaina zramaNa jisa samaya antima nandarAjA bhArata meM rAjya kara rahe the aura candragupta maurya apane rAjya kI nIMva DAlane meM lage hue the| usa samaya bhArata ke pazcimottara sImAprAnta para yUnAna kA pratApI vIra sikandara apanA sikkA jamA rahA thaa| jaba vaha takSazilA para pahu~cA to vahA~ usane digambara muniyoM kI bahuta prazaMsA sunii| 2 sikandara ne apane eka dUta ko, jisakA nAma aMzakRtasa thA, unake pAsa bhejaa| usane dekhA, takSazilA ke pAsa udyAna meM bahuta se naMge muni tapasyA kara rahe haiN| unameM se kalyANa muni se usakI bAtacIta hotI rahI thI, muni kalyANa ne aMzakRtasa se kahA ki yadi tuma hamAre tapa kA rahasya samajhanA cAhate ho to hamArI taraha digambara muni ho jaao| aMzakRtasa ke lie aisA karanA asaMbhava thaa| usane sikandara se jAkara ina muniyoM ke jJAna aura caryA kI prazaMsanIya bAteM khii| sikandara unase bahuta prabhAvita huA aura usane cAhA ki ina jJAna dhyAna-taporakta kA prakAza mere deza meM bhI phuNce| usakI isa zubha kAmanA ko muni kalyANa ne pUrNa kiyA thaa|93

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bhArata ke vibhinna sAmrAjyoM meM jaina zramaNa 5.3 bhAratIya santoM kI zikSA kA prabhAva yUnAniyoM para vizeSa rupa se thaa| DAyajinesa (Digenes ) nAmaka yUnAnI tatvavettA ne digambara veSa dhAraNa kiyA thA 4 aura yUnAniyoM ne nagna pratimAe~ banavAyI thiiN|95 isa taraha mahAna samrATa sikaMdara ke sAmrAjya meM bhI jaina zramaNoM kI pratiSThA pratiSThita thii| antima maurya samrATa vRhadratha kA usake senApati puSyamitra suMga ne vadha kara diyA thaa| isa prakAra maurya sAmrAjya ko samApta karake puSyamitra ne "suMga rAjavaMza" kI sthApanA kI thii| nanda aura maurya sAmrAjya meM jahA~ jaina aura bauddha dharma unnata hue the, vahIM suMga rAjya meM brAhmaNa. dharma unnata huA thA parantu puSyamitra ke rAjaprasAda ke sannikaTa nandarAja dvArA lAyI gayI "kaliMga jina" kI surakSA isa bAta ko bhI siddha karatI hai ki isa zAsana meM jaina dharma para koI rAjakIya saMkaTa nahIM thaa| samrATa elakhAravela Adi kaliMga samrAToM ke samaya bhI jaina zramaNoM kA svarupa nirAbAdha thaa| isa samaya mathurA, ujjainI, aura girinagara jaina RSiyoM ke kendra sthAna the| khAravela ne jaina zramaNoM kA eka sammelana Ayojita kiyA thA aura mathurA, ujjainI, girinagara, kAcIpura Adi sthAnoM se digambara zramaNa usa sammelana meM bhAga lene ke lie kumArI parvata para pahu~ce the, aura bahuta bar3A dharma mahotsava kiyA gayA thaa| buddhiliMga, deva, dharmasena, nakSatra Adi digambara jainAcArya usa mahAsammelana meM ekatrita hue the| ina zramaNoM ne milakara jinavANI kA uddhAra kiyA thA,tathA samrATa kharavela ke sahayoga se ve jaina dharma ke pracAra karane meM saphala hue the| ailakhAravela ke pazcAt unake putra kudepazrI khara mahAmeghavAhana kaliMga ke rAjA hue the| ve bhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| guptavaMza ke rAjyakAla meM yadyapi brAhmaNa vaMza kI unnati thI kintu jana sAmAnya meM aba bhI jaina aura bauddha dharmoM kA hI pracAra thaa| guptasamrATa abrAhmaNa sAdhuoM se dveSa nahIM rakhate the| isI prakAra harSavardhana tathA huenasAMga ke samaya meM bhI jaina zramaNoM kA vihAra hotA thA evaM unakI pratiSThA thii| pazcAtavartI madhyakAlIna hindu rAjapUta, mAlavA ke paramAra, rAjA bhoja, tathA gujarAta ke zAsakoM ke madhya meM bhI jaina zramaNa svarUpa pratiSThita evaM lokapriya rahA thaa|

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54 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA (gha) bhAratIya sAhitya meM jaina zramaNa 1. saMskRta sAhitya meM bhAratIya saMskRta sAhitya meM jaina zramaNoM ke ullekha milate haiM / isa sAhitya se abhiprAya usa sarvasAdhAraNopayogI saMskRta sAhitya se hai jo kisI vizeSa sampradAya se nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| saMskRta sAhitya ke prasiddha kavi bhartRhari ke vairAgyazataka kA nimna chanda draSTavya hai: "pANiH pAtraM pavitraM bhramaNaparigataM bhaikSamakSayamannaM / vistIrNavastramA zAsudazakamamalaM talpamasyalpamurvI / / yeSAM niHsaMgatAgIkaraNapariNatiH svAtmasantoSitAste / dhanyAH sanyastadainyavyatikara nikarAH karma nirmUlayanti / / arthAt jinakA hAtha hI pavitra bartana hai, mAMga kara lAyI huyI bhIkha hI jinakA bhojana hai, dazoM dizAeM hI jinake vastra haiM, sampUrNa pRthvI hI jinakI zayyA hai, ekAnta meM niHsaMga rahanA hI jo pasanda karate haiM, dInatA ko jinhoMne chor3a diyA hai tathA karmoM ko jinhoneM nirmUla kara diyA hai, aura jo apane meM hI santuSTa rahate haiM, una puruSoM ko dhanya hai / isI zataka meM kavivara digambara munivatcaryA karane kI bhAvanA karate haiM - " azImahi vayaM bhikSAmAzAvAsovasImahi / zImahi mahIpRSThe kurvImahi kimIzvaraiH / / 90 / / arthAt "aba hama bhikSA hI karake bhojana kareMge, dizA hI ke vastra dhAraNa kareMge arthAt nagna raheMge aura bhUmi para hI zayana kreNge| phira hameM dhanavAnoM se kyA matalaba? vairAgyazataka ke uparyukta zloka niHsandeha digambara sAdhuoM ko lakSya karake hI likhe gaye haiN| mudrArAkSasa nATaka meM kSapaNaka jIvasiddhi kA abhinaya digambara zramaNa kA hI dyotaka hai| isa nATaka ke pUrva aMka ke dvitIya zloka meM jIvasiddhi se alahaMtANaM paNamAmi" arthAt "arhatoM ko namaskAra karatA hU~" kahatA hai jo ki jainatva kA paryAya hai / varAhamihira saMhitA meM bhI di. muniyoM kA ullekha hai / unheM vahA~ jina/bhagavAn kA upAsaka batalAyA hai| zAkyAn sarvahitasya zAMtimanaso nagnAn jinAnAM viduH / / 19 / / 61199 arhat bhagavAna kI mUrti ko bhI vaha nagna hI batalAte haiM / "AjAnu lambavAhuH zrIvatsAka prazAntamUrtizca divAsAstaruNorUpavAMzca kAryo'rhatAM devaH / 145 - 48 / / va.mi. saMhitA

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55 bhAratIya sAhitya meM jaina zramaNa kavidaNDan apane dazakumAra carita meM digambara muni kA ullekha "kSapaNaka ke nAma se karate haiM, jisase unake samaya meM nagna muniyoM kI sattA pramANita hai|100 . isI prakAra "prabodhacaMdrodayanATaka" ke aMka 3 meM nimnalikhita vAkya digambara muni ke bAhulya ke bodhaka haiN| "sahi pekkha pekkha eso galaNtamala paMka picchilavIhacchadehacchavI ulluci aciuro mukkavasaNavesadudsaNo sihisihidapiccha Ahattho idojjeva paDivahadi" arthAt he sakhi dekha! dekha! vaha isa ora A rahA hai| usakA zarIra bhayaMkara aura malAcchanna hai| zira ke bAla luMcita kiye hue haiM aura vaha naMgA hai| usake hAtha meM mora-picchikA hai aura vaha dekhane meM amanojJa hai| isa para sakhI ne kahA - "AM jJAtaMmayA, mahAmohapravartito'yaM digambarasiddhAntaH" (tataH pravizati yathA nirdiSTaH kSapaNakavezo digambarasiddhAntaH") saMskRta sAhitya ke uparyukta ullekhoM ke AdhAra para jaina zramaNoM kI sAhityika kSetra meM bhI sattA kA bodha hotA hai| 2. tamila sAhitya meM zramaNa tamila sAhitya ke mukhya aura prAcIna lekhaka di. jaina vidvAna rahe haiN| tamila bhASA kA prAcInatama vyAkaraNa grantha "tolkAppiyam" eka jainAcArya kI hI racanA hai,tamila sAhitya ke prAcInatama kAla ko "saMgama kAla" kahate haiM yaha I. pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI se IsvI pAMcavI zatAbdI taka kA hai| isa kAla ke sAhitya meM bauddhoM dvArA racita "maNimekhalai" prasiddha kAvya hai| isameM digambara zramaNoM aura unake siddhAntoM kA vizada varNana hai| isameM nirgrantha saMpradAya ko "arahan" (arhata) kA anuyAyI likhA hai, jo jaina hote haiN| isa kAvya ke pAtroM meM seTha kovalan kI patnI kaNika ke pitA mAnAikana ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki "jaba usane apane dAmAda ke mAre jAne ke samAcAra sune to use atyanta dukha huA aura vaha jaina saMgha meM naMgA ho gyaa|101 isa kAvya se yaha bhI pragaTa hotA hai ki cola aura pANDya rAjAoM ne jaina dharma ko apanAyA thaa|102 zaiva aura vaiSNava sampradAyoM ke tamila sAhitya meM bhI digambara muniyoM kA varNana hai| zaivoM ke pariya puNNam" nAmaka grantha meM mUrti nAyanAra ke varNana meM likhA hai ki kalabhra vaMza ke kSatrIyajaise hI dakSiNa bhArata meM pahu~ce vaise hI unhoMne digambara dharma ko apanA liyaa| usa

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56 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA samaya digambara jainoM kI saMkhyA vahA~ jyAdA thI aura unake AcAryoM kA prabhAva kalabhroM para vizeSa thaa| 103 vaiSNava tamila sAhitya "vetArama" nAma grantha se I. sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI ke jaina zramaNoM kA jJAna hotA hai / arulanandi zaivAcArya kRta "zivajJAnasiddhiyAra meM parapakSa sampradAyoM meM digambara jainoM kA " zramaNarUpa" ullikhita hai / 1 104 tathA " hAlAsyamahAtmya" meM madurA ke zaivoM tathA digambara muniyoM ke vAda kA varNana milatA hai| 105 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhArata ke purAtatva, sAmrAjya, evaM sAhitya meM, sabhI vidhAoM para jaina zramaNoM ke sandarbha meM sahasroM varSoM se sammAnanIya ullekha milate haiM / jinakA vizeSa evaM vistRta adhyayana zrI kAmatA prasAda jI kI pustaka "digambaratva aura digambara muni se kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ para zramaNoM kA "svarUpagata" adhyayana vivakSita hone ke kAraNa, usI para vistAra se adhyayana apekSita rahA hai| (Da.) saMgha aura saMpradAya bheda : bhUmikA vizva kI yaha eka akATya evaM trikAla vyavasthA hai ki pratyeka prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke pazcAt usakI saMgha-vyavasthA meM darAra A hI jAtI hai| yaha tathya, hara kSetra meM, cAhe vaha rAjanaitika, dhArmika yA pArivArika hI kyoM na ho, lAgU rahatA hai| vastutaH rAjA kI rAjanIti nahIM apitu usakA rAjanaitika prabhAva logoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai aura jaba usakA prabhAva (dArzanika bhASA meM saMcita puNya) kSINa ho jAtA hai to usakI eka bhI rAjanIti kAragara nahIM hotI hai / Aja ke bhAratIya rAjanaitika kSetra meM uparyukta tathya kI saMgati samajhI jA sakatI hai| bhArata kI AjAdI ke pazcAt vibhinna rAjanaitika dala prakAza meM Ae, usameM mahAtmA gAMdhI ke prabhAva ko lekara calane vAlI kAMgresa sabase jyAdA saphala rahI, kyoMki usa samaya mahAtmA gAMdhI ke nAma kA paryApta prabhAva thA aura kAMgresa mahAtmA gAMdhI ke nAma aura unake AdarzoM ko lekara calI jisase vaha kAphI saphala aura janamAnasa meM amiTa chApa chor3a skii| kisI bhI kSetra meM loga prAraMmbhika avasthA meM kisI mahAna vyakti ke vyaktitva / Adarzo ko lekara calate haiM aura jaba usakA apanA vyaktitva / Adarza sthApita ho jAtA hai to loga pUrva ke vyaktitvoM ko prAyaH bhUla jAyA karate haiN| isa hI paddhati se vyaktitvoM kA bhAvI itihAsa bhI surakSita rahatA hai / yadyapi yaha tathya logoM ko aTapaTA lage, parantu loka-zailI kI yaha yathArtha anubhUti hai / sva. pradhAnamaMtrI zrImatI indirA gAMdhI pUrva meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ko lekara calIM aura sadaiva vijayI rahIM, jisase unakA apanA puNya pratApa sAmane Ane lagA, yadyapi kAlAntara meM unakA puNya pratApa kSINa bhI huA, jisase ve sattA se padacyuta bhI huyIM aura phira eka bAra sattA meM apane vyaktigata prabhAva ko apane hI AdarzoM ko lekara AyIM aura sattA meM prabhAvI rUpa se chAyI rhiiN| isa daurAna kucha logoM ne kAMgresa kI pratiSThA ko hI sva. indirA jI kI vijaya kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA aura

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saMgha aura sampradAya 57 unhoMne kAMgresa ke nAma aura usake AdarzoM kA bhI upayoga karate hue apane dala banAye, parantu ve saphala nahIM ho sake, kyoMki unakA vaiyaktika puNya pratApa nahIM thaa| samprati janatA sva. indirA jI ko jyAdA mahatva detI hai, anya kI apekSA / yadi indirA jI ke pazcAt anya koI prabhAvI AtA hai, tabhI indirA jI vismRta ho sakatI haiN| vibhAjana bhI hara dala meM kSetra meM ho jAyA karatA hai| svatantratA ke pazcAta bhI ApasI vibhAjana haA thA. aura jaba kAMgresa sthApita huyI eka zAsaka ke rUpa meM, to kAlAntara meM usameM bhI vibhAjana ho gyaa| yaha eka zAzvatika vyavasthA hai| uparyukta yahI zailI va kAraNa jainadharma meM vibhinna saMgha/sampradAya ke abhyudaya ke sAtha ghaTita hotI hai| prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha jaba dharma-tIrtha ke pravartaka hue, to unake nAtI ( mArIci) ne hI vibhinna virodhI mata-matAntara sthApita karake apanA virodha pragaTa kiyaa| virodha kA svarUpa evaM usakA svabhAva siddha karane ke lie isase jyAdA aura koI udAharaNa prastuta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha virodha kAlAntara meM bahuta pallavita aura puSpita bhI huaa| jaise vaidika dharma meM vibhinna mata-matAntara haiM hI, bauddha dharma meM bhI gautama buddha ke pazcAt vibhinna sampradAya uTha khar3e hue| usI prakAra jaina dharma meM bhI mahAvIra ke bAda antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke mahAprayANa pazcAt vibhinna mata mUlataH AcAra pakSa ko lekara uTha khar3e hue| pRthakatA kA mUla kAraNa zramaNa caryA ke antargata acelaka-sacelaka vyavasthA ko lekara rhaa| kAlAntara meM isI pariprekSya meM tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA-paddhati evaM pratimA-nirmANa paddhati meM bheda spaSTa rUpa se A gyaa| mahAvIra ke pazcAt kevalI aura zruta kevalI ke vicchinna hone para vibhinna saMgha/saMpradAya ke AcArya mahAvIra kA nAma lekara hI Age bar3ha sake, kyoMki usa samaya taka unake dharma se sAkSAt paricita the| isI kAraNa zve. sampradAya ke mUla AgamoM meM acelaka kI hI pramukhatA hai| vastu ko lekara jinakalpa aura sthavira kalpa kA bheda nahIM, parantu jaba isa sampradAya ke AcAryoM kA vyaktigata prabhAva bar3hA, to apanI mAnyatA bhI mahAvIra ke nAma para calA dI, kyoMki prAmANikatA ke lie mahAvIra ke nAma ko sAtha lekara calanA atyAvazyaka thA, isake binA ve sAmAnya varga meM zraddhAspada nahIM ho pAte, ina saba kA vizeSa vicAra sambandhita prakaraNoM meM prastuta kreNge| hamArA zodha viSaya zramaNa ke svarUpa kI mahAvIra ke pariprekSya meM gaveSaNA karanA hai| ataH zramaNa ke svarUpa kI vivecanA karanA hI hamArA pratipAdya kendra bindu rhegaa| sampradAya bheda, utpatti / digambara evaM zvetAmbara zramaNa svarUpa vibhAjana acelaka, sacelaka tathyoM ko lekara hai| isa bAta meM sabhI vidvAna eka mata hai| isa svarUpa bheda kA kAraNa yaha kahA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hI donoM vyavasthAoM ko svIkRta kara samanvaya sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| yaha bAta yadyapi zvetAmbara sampradAya meM hI kahIM jAtI hai| zvetAmbarIya AgamoM meM

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA AtA hai ki digambara mata ninhavavAda kA pariNAma hai, evaM pazcAtavartI hai| isa kAla meM jinakalpIya svarUpa jisako ki ve Acelakya bhAvoM se lete haiM, hotA hI nahIM hai, kyoMki ve isa kAla meM sacelaka svarUpa kI hI ghoSaNA karate haiN| yadyapi unake yahA~ Acelakya bhI svIkArA hai| digambara paramparA meM Acelakya ko hI svIkArA hai| yahI ina donoM sampradAyoM ke zramaNa svarUpa vibhAjana kA kAraNa hai| jainadharma ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM prathama tIrthakara RSabhadeva jinakA ki dUsarA nAma AdinAtha bhI hai, evaM jo aitihAsika puruSa samajhe jAte haiM- inako jaina sampradAya ke sabhI loga zramaNAvasthA meM nagna hI svIkArate haiN| jina para vistata vicAra hama parva meM kara hI Aye haiN| ataH unake sambandha meM yaha tathya nirvivAda hai ki unhoMne acelaka arthAt nagnatA kA hI upadeza diyA thaa| sacelaka kA upadeza zramaNa ke svarUpa ke lie kathamapi nahIM diyA thaa| tatpazcAt zeSa ajitanAtha se lekara naminAtha taka kA sArvajanika itihAsa hI aprApya hai| neminAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra aitihAsika mahApuruSa rahe haiM, jinake zramaNa svarUpa sambandhita upadezoM kI jAnakArI prApta hai| zvetAmbara mata ke anusAra mahAvIra ne nagnatA ko to svIkArA hI thA aura usI kA zreSTha samajhA bhI thA, parantu jaba unake zAsana meM pArzvanAtha anuyAyI ziSyoM ne AnA zurU kiyA aura unhoMne yaha prazna kiyA ki pArzvanAtha ne to savastra mukti kA upadeza diyA Apa nirvastra mukti kA upadeza dete haiM ? to mahAvIra ne apanI pUrvavartI tIrthakara ke sAtha sAmaMjasya sthApita karane ke lie usa svarUpa ko bhI svIkAra kara liyA parantu svayaM nirvastra hI rhe| isa sambandha meM zvetAmbara sampradAya ke prasiddha muni zrI nathamala jI ke vicAra dekheM - "isa tathya kI svIkRti yathArtha ke bahuta nikaTa hai ki bhagavAna ( mahAvIra) kA jhukAva vivastra (nagna) rahane kI ora thaa| bhagavAna pArzva ke ziSya vivastra rahane meM akSama the| isa sthiti meM bhagavAna ne donoM vicAroM kA sAmaMjasya kara acela aura sacela donoM rUpoM ko mAnyatA dii| isa mAnyatA ke kAraNa bhagavAna pArzva ke saMgha kA bahuta bar3A bhAga bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM sammilita ho gyaa|106 isake alAvA pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM meM "vihAra" se sambandhita bhI vibhinnatA thI unake ziSyoM ke lie parivrajana kI koI maryAdA nahIM thii| ve eka gA~va meM cAhe jitane samaya taka raha sakate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isameM parivartana kara navakalpI vihAra kI vyavasthA kii| usake anusAra muni varSAvAsa meM eka gA~va meM cAra mAha raha sakatA hai| zeSa ATha mahIne meM eka gA~va meM eka mAsa se adhika nahIM raha sktaa|"107 mahAvIra kI nagnatA ke sAtha yaha kahA jAtA hai ki unake nagna hone para bhI devadUSya unake kaMdhoM para par3A rahatA thaa| isase zvetAmbara sampradAya isa mata se apanI sacelaka

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saMgha aura sampradAya 59 vyavasthA para kiMcit santuSTi kara lete haiN| parantu isa sandarbha meM prasiddha zvetAmbarIya vidvAna zrI mohanalAla jI mehatA, bhU.pU. nidezaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, banArasa kA yaha mantavya eka naye sUtra kI ora hI iMgita karatA hai| ve kahate haiM ki "kucha samaya bAda (13 mAsa bAda) unhoneM usa vastra (devadUSya) kA bhI tyAga kara diyA thA evaM sarvathA acela hokara bhramaNa karane lge| taba phira dIkSA ke samaya mahAvIra ne apane pAsa jo vastra rakhA vaha kisalie? vaha vastra saMbhavataH pravrajyA kI taddezIya praNAlI ke anusAra ve apane kaMdhe para rakhe rahe athavA usase pauMchane Adi kA kAma lete rhe| cAhe kucha bhI huA ho, itanA nizcita hai ki mahAvIra pravrajyA lene ke sAtha hI acela arthAt nagna ho gaye tathA mRtyuparyanta nagna hI rahe evaM kisI bhI rUpa meM apane zarIra ke lie vastra kA upayoga nahIM kiyaa|108 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sandarbha meM to isa bAta ke lie zvetAmbara sampradAya svIkRta karate hI haiM ki ve nagna rahe the, parantu pArzvanAthe aura unake ziSyoM ke sandarbha meM ve kahate haiM ki unhoMne nagnatA kA upadeza nahIM diyA thA, apitu sacelaka zramaNa svarUpa kA upadeza diyA thaa| parantu vastutaH yaha eka bhramapUrNa truTi hai| prathamataH hameM una zabdoM para vizeSa dhyAna denA hogA ki pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM ne mahAvIra se savastra mukti bAvata carcA kI, isa sandarbha meM yaha huA hogA ki -pArzvanAtha ne to zramaNa kI acelaka vyavasthA kA hI upadeza diyA thA parantu mahAvIra ke kAla taka Ate-Ate 250 varSoM kI avadhi meM unake samaya taka paryApta zithilatA A gayI ho, jisase usa samaya taka loga hI sacelaka vyavasthA ko zramaNa kA svarUpa mAnane lage hoM aura yaha pracArita hone lagA ho ki pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM ne aisA hI upadeza diyA thaa| zve. sampradAya ne sacelaka svarUpa kI puSTi meM pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM kA mahAvIra ke sAtha saMvAda prastuta kara apane pakSa kI puSTi karAne kA eka tarIkA apanAyA, jo ki unake pakSa ko sazakta nahIM banA sakA hai| kyoMki zvetAmbara sampradAya ke alAvA jainetara sAhitya ko pArzvanAtha ke sandarbha meM bolatA dekhate haiM, to mujhe apane tathya kI puSTi naz2ara AtI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samadeza, samakAla ke pratIka rUpa meM kapilavastu ke rAjA siddhArtha ke putra gautama buddha hue haiN| jinako ki aitihAsika mAnyatA prApta hai| inhoMne apanA rAja parivAra tyAga kara sabase prathama bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI ziSya paramparA ke jaina sAdhu pihitAsava se hI nagna sAdhudIkSA lI thI, taba ve nagna rahate the, hAthoM se bhojana karate the tathA apane bAloM kA svayaM loca karate the| yaha tathya majjhimanikAya mahAsIhanAdasutra 12 meM svayaM mahAtmA buddha ne kahI hai| "acelako homi hatthApalekhano homi nAbhihaMtaM ca udidassaMkatana nimaMtraNaM sAdiyAmi so na kumbhImukhA parigasahAmi na kalopi mukhA parigahAmi na elakamataraM na daMDamaMtaraM na musalamantaraM na dinnaM bhujamAnAnaM -- kesamassulocako vihomi, kesamasyu locanAnuyogaM anuyutoyAva udabindumhipime dayA pacca paTThitA hoti|

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60 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA arthAt maiM vastra rahita thA, maiMne AhAra apane hAthoM meM kiyaa| na lAyA huA bhojana kiyA, na apane uddezya se banA huA liyA, na bartana se khAyA, na thAlI meM khAyA --- / maine mastaka dAr3hI va mUMchoM kI kezalauMca kI kriyA ko cAlU rkhaa| maiM eka bUMda pAnI para bhI dayAlu rahatA thaa| kSudra jIva kI hiMsA bhI mere dvArA na ho, aisA maiM sAvadhAna thaa| "so tato so sInoM eko misana ke bne| naggo na ca AgIM asIno eknaapsuttomuniiti|| arthAt isa taraha kabhI garmI, kabhI sardI, ko sahatA huA bhayAnaka vana meM nagna rahatA thaa| mai Aga se nahIM tapatA thaa| muni avasthA meM dhyAna meM lIna rahatA thaa| buddha kucha dinoM taka isa prakAra jaina sAdhu kA AcaraNa karate rahe phira jaba unako yaha caryA kaThina pratIta huyI to unhoMne jaina sAdhu kA rUpa tyAga kara geruA vastra pahina liye aura apanI icchA anusAra tapa karane lge|109 uparyukta aMza yaha to spaSTa karatA hai ki pArzvanAtha ne zramaNa ke lie acelakatA kA upadeza diyA thA jisake anuyAyI buddha bane the, yadi acelakatA kA upadeza nahIM dete to buddha kI isa prakAra kI dIkSA prasaMga kA ullekha hI nahIM hotA, tathA yadi acelakatA ke sAtha sacelaka svarUpa kA upadeza diyA hotA to gautama buddha jaisoM ko nagnatA ke rUpa meM kaThina veSa ko tyAga nayA bheSa kyoM apanAte? ve bhI pArzvanAtha ke sacelaka vyavasthA meM hI dIkSita hote| ataH yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki pArzvanAtha ne sacelaka svarUpa kA upadeza nahIM diyA thaa| aura yaha kahanA ki mahAvIra ne pArzvanAtha ke ziSya ke kathana evaM pravali mAtra se hI sacelaka svarUpa ko mAnyatA dI to phira unhoMne pArzva ke hI ziSya jo sadaiva eka jagaha rahana meM doSa nahIM mAnate the, usa tathya ko pArzva ke nAma para kyoM nahIM svIkArA usameM parivartana kyoM kiyA, kyA yaha parivartana bhAva mahAvIra ko pArzvanAtha kA virodhI nahIM kahalA sakatA hai| isa sandarbha meM eka bAta bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai ki kyA logoM kI kSamatA ke AdhAra para zramaNa dharma kA sdarUpa hai? yA zramaNa dharma dhAraNa kI yogyatA vAlA zramaNa dharma aMgIkAra karatA hai, yadi logoM kI dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA ke AdhAra para zramaNa svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa hai to phira usa svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa hI kabhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| punazca, mahAvIra ne aisI galatI kyoM kI ki unhoMne zithilAcArI pArzva-anuyAyI ko apane dharma meM dIkSita karane ke uddezya se sacelakatA kA bhI upadeza de ddaalaa| zAyada sarvajJa mahAvIra aisI galatI kabhI nahIM kara sakate haiM, vastutaH apanI mAnyatAoM ko mahAvIra ke sAtha jor3ane kI eka zailI zvetAmbarIya AgamoM ne apanAyI, jo ki kAphI pazcAt racI gayI thii| isa prakAra ke saMvAdoM ke racane kA eka uddezya yaha thA ki isa prakAra pazcAtavartI zramaNoM/zrAvakoM ko una tathyoM kI prAmANikatA sI lagatI, jaisA ki sAmAnya jana bhrama kiye baiThe haiN| ataH dArzanika dRSTikoNa se bhI mahAvIra kA isa prakAra kA cintana honA tarka saMgata nahIM lagatA

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saMgha aura sampradAya ki mAtra laukika sAmaMjasya sthApita karane ke lie hI vaha apanI dArzanikatA ko hI tilAMjali de baiTheM, kyoMki acelaka aura sacelaka vyavasthA meM koI sAmAnya antara nahIM hai apitu inameM jamIna-AsamAna kA antara hai| pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ne to acelaka (nagnatA) kA upadeza diyA hI thA sAtha hI bhaviSya ke tIrthaMkara mahApadma bhI acelakatA kA upadeza degeN| yaha bhI zve. mAnya sthAnAMga sUtra meM milatA hai 61 "se jahANAmae ajjo / mae samaNANaM NiggaMthANaM NaggabhAve muMDabhAve aNhANae adaMtavaNae acchatrae anubAhaNae bhUmisejjA, phalagasejjA, kaTThasejjA kesaloe baMmacerava se paradharapavese --- / evAmeva mahApaumevi arahA samaNANaM NiggaMthANaM NaggabhAvaM, (muNNabhAva aNhANaya (---) lagAvaladdhavittI paNNa vehiti 110 arthAt AryoM, maine zramaNa nirgranthoM ke lie jaise nagnabhAva, muNDabhAva, sthAna- tyAga, dantadhAvanatyAga, chatra dhAraNatyAga Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai usI prakAra mahApadma arhanta nirUpaNa karegeM / - yahA~ para mahAvIra evaM mahApadA ke upadezoM kI ekatA batalAyI hai, parantu isa prakAra kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai ki, dIkSA ke pazcAt "devadUSya bhI DAlA jaaegaa| isase devadUSya kI bhI kalpanA yathArtha ke bahuta najadIka nahIM lagatI hai / mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 200 varSa pazcAt taka saMgha bheda ke bIja aMkurita ho cuke the, yahI sthiti pArzvanAtha ke sAtha rahI hogii| mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke uparAnta digambara paramparAnusAra 62 varSa meM kramazaH gautama gaNadhara 12 varSa, sudharmA svAmI 11, jambUsvAmI 39 varSa taka kevalI rhe| isa prakAra 3 kevalI hue aura 100 varSa meM 5 zruta kevalI - viSNu kumAra (nandi ) 14 varSa, nandimitra 16 varSa, aparAjita 22, govardhana 19, bhadrabAhu ( prathama ) 29 varSa taka zrutakevalI rahe / ataH mahAvIra ke nirvANa pazcAt 162 varSa paryanta kevalI aura zrutavalI hue / zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI 9 gaNadharoM kA nirvANa ho gayA thA aura bhadrabAhu kA nirvANa 170 varSa pazcAt mAnate haiM jisameM donoM paramparAoM meM bhadrabAhu ke nirvANa meM 8 varSa kA antara rahatA hai / digambara paramparA bhadrabAhu ko candragupta kA samakAlIna mAnatI hai evaM bhadrabAhu ke saMgha meM candragupta maurya ko dIkSita kahatI hai, jisa para vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa Age hogaa| parantu kucha paramparAeM candragupta ko bhadrabAhu kA samakAlIna nahIM mAnatI, apitu candragupta maurya ko bhadrabAhu se 60 varSa Age siddha karatI haiM / arthAt mahAvIra nirvANa ke 215 varSa pazcAt candragupta maurya kA rAjyAbhiSeka kahatI haiM / isa sambandha meM jainendra siddhAnta koSakAra kI TippaNI draSTavya hai /

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA "jainazAstra ke anusAra pAlaka kA kAla 60 varSa aura nandavaMza kA 155 varSa hai| tadanantara arthAt vI.ni. 215 meM candragupta maurya kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| zruta kevalI bhadrabAhu (vI.ni. 162) ke samakAlIna banAne ke artha zve. AcArya zrI hemacandra sUri ne ise vI.ni. 155 meM rAjyArur3ha hone kI kalpanA kii| jisake lie unheM naMdavaMza ke kAla ko 155 se ghaTAkara 95 varSa karanA pdd'aa| isa prakAra candragupta maurya ke kAla ko lekara 60 varSa kA matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| dUsarI ora purANoM meM naMdavaMzIya mahApadAnandike kAla ko lekara 60 varSa kA matabheda hai| vAyupurANa meM usakA kAla 28 varSa hai aura anya purANoM meM 88 varSa / tathA 88 varSa mAnane para naMdavaMza kA kAla 183 varSa AtA hai aura 28 varSa mAnane para 123 vrss| isa kAla meM udayI (ajaka) ke avantI rAjyavAle 32 varSa milAne para pAlaka ke pazcAt naMda vaMza kA kAla 155 varSa A jAtA hai| isalie udayI tathA usake uttarAdhikArI nandivarddhana kI gaNanA nanda vaMza meM karane kI bhrAnti cala par3I hai| vAstava meM ye donoM rAjA zreNika vaMza meM hai, nanda vaMza meM nhiiN| nanda vaMza meM nava nanda prasiddha haiM jinakA kAla mahApadA nanda se prArambha hotA hai| 11 mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt, zrutakevaliyoM kI paramparA meM bhadrabAhu eka aise AcArya hue ki jinake vyaktitva ko donoM paramparAoM ne eka mata se svIkAra kiyA hai| paramparAoM ke anusAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu nimitta jJAnI the| unake hI samaya saMgha bheda prArambha huA thaa| apane nimitta jJAna ke AdhAra para unhoMne uttara bhArata meM hone vAlA dvAdaza varSIya duSkAla kA Agamana jAnakara bhadrabAhu ne bAraha hajAra muni saMgha ke sAtha dakSiNa kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| inake sAtha candragupta maurya bhI the|yh dIkSA prApta karane vAle antima rAjA thaa| jaba bhadrabAhu ne apanA zarIra tyAga kA kAla jAnA to unhoMne saMgha ko cola, pANDya pradezoM kI ora jAne kA Adeza diyA aura svayaM zravaNavelagola meM hI kaTavapra nAmaka pahAr3I para samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka zarIra tyAga kiyaa| isa prasaMga kA eka chaThI zatI kA lekha punnADa ke uttarI bhAga meM sthita candragiri nAmaka pahAr3I para prApta hai aura usake sAmane vindhyAgiri para cAmuNDarAya dvArA sthApita gommaTezvara bAhuvali kI 57 phITa U~cI eka bhavya pratimA pratiSThita hai| zve. paramparA ke AcArya hemacandra ke pariziSTa parvan ke anusAra bhadrabAhu duSkAla samApta hone ke pazcAt dakSiNa se magadha vApisa hue aura pazcAt mahAprayANakarane nepAla cale gye| parantu isa tathya kA koI prAmANya nahIM hai, kyoMki "yaha kathana ki 'mahAprayANa karane nepAla gaye" kI apekSA yaha kathana ki "kaTavapra" pahADI para mahAprayANa ho cukA" kAphI prAmANika hai aura isa kathana se sambandhita paryApta zilAlekha karnATaka deza meM prApta hai, tathA bhadrabAhu aura candragupta kI samakAlInatA pUrvaka guru-ziSya sambandha ke bhI kAphI pramANa haiM jo nimnataH haiN|

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saMgha aura sampradAya 63 zravaNavelagola kA pArzvanAtha vasti ke dakSiNa kI ora ke zilAlekha naM. 1, lagabhaga zaka saM. 522 'jitaM bhagavatA zrImaddharma tIrtha vidhaayinaa| varddhamAnena samprAptasiddhi saukhyAmRtAtmanA / / 1 / / lokAloka vyAdhAravastu ---------- pravAdi mata zAsanam / / 4 / / 'atha khalu sakala jagadudaya karaNoditAtizayaguNAspadIbhUta paramajinazAsana sarassamabhivati bhavyajanakamalavikazanavirtimira guNakiraNasahasramahotima mahAvIrasavitari parinivRte bhagavatparamarSi gautamagaNadhara sAkSAcchiSyalohAryajambu-viSNudeva-aparAjita govarddhana,bhadrabAhu-proSThila-kSatriyakArya jayanAmasiddhArtha dhRtaSeNa buddhilAdi gurUparamparINakramAbhyAgata mahApuruSasantati samavadhotAnvayabhadrabAhu svAminA ujjayinyAM aSTAMga mahAnimitta tatvajJena traikAlyadarzinA nimittena dvAdazasamvatsara-kAlavaiSabhyamupalamya kathite sarvasaMga uttarapathAt dakSiNApaMtha prasthitaH AreNaiva janapada-aneka grAmazata saMkhyamuditajanadhanakanakazasya gomahiSAjAvikala samAkIrNam prAptavAn / ataH AcAryaH prabhAcandreNAmAvanita lalalAma bhUteyAsmin kaTavapranAmakopalakSite vividha tasvara kusumadalAvalivikalanazavalavipulasajala jadani vahanI lopalatale varAhadIpivyAghrakhaMtarakSu, vyAlamRgakulopacitopatyakA kandaradarImahA guhA gahanabhogavatisamutuMgazRMga zikhAraNi jIvitazeSam alpatarakAlaM avabudhyAdhvanaH sucakitaH tapaHsamAdhim ArAdhayitum ApRcchya niravazeSeNa saMgham visRjya ziSyeNekena pRthulakAstIrNatalAsu zilAsu zItalAsu svadeham sannayasyArAdhitavAn krameNa saptazataM RSiNAm ArAdhitam iti| jayatu jinazAsanaM iti| gadyArtha samasta jagata kA udaya karane vAle, anupama guNoM se vibhUSita, jaina zAsana ko unnata karane vAle, bhavya jana samudAya ko vikasita karane vAle, ajJAna andhakAra ko dUra karane vAle zrImahAvIra prabhu rUpI sUrya ke mukti prApta karane para bhagavAna ke paramaRSi gautama gaNadhara ke sAkSAt ziSya sudharmAsvAmI, jambUsvAmI, viSNudeva, aparAjita, govarddhana, bhadrabAhu. proSThila, kSatriyAcArya, jayanAma siddhArtha, dhUtaSeNa, buddhila, Adi guruparamparA se krama se calI AyI mahApuruSoM kI santati ko prakAzita karane vAlI paramparA meM bhadrabAhu svAmI ke dvArA ujjayinI meM aSTAMga mahAnimita se tatvajJa trikAladarzI nimita se 12 varSIya kAla viSamatA ( akAla, durbhikSa ) ko jAnakara apane saMgha ko kahakara sasaMgha uttarapatha se dakSiNa patha kI ora cala diye| sasaMgha bhadrabAhu dhana, jana, dhAnya, suvarNa, gAya bhaiMsa Adi padArthoM se bhare hue aneka grAma nagaroM meM hote hue pRthvI tala ke AbhUSaNarUpa isa kaTavapra nAmaka parvata para aae| muni prabhAcanda ( candragupta ) bhI sAtha meM the| aneka prakAra ke vRkSa, phUla, phala se zobhAyamAna, sajala bAdala samUhoM se suzobhita siMha, bAgha, suara, rIcha, ajagara, hariNa Adi jaMgalI jAnavaroM se bhare hue, gahana guphAoM aura unnata zikharoM se virAjamAna isa kaTavapra parvata para

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA apanA alpa jIvana jAnakAra samAdhi sahita zarIra tyAga karane ke lie samasta saMgha ko vidA karake eka ziSya ke sAtha bhadrabAhu svAmI ne vistIrNa zilAoM para samAdhi maraNa kiyA, tathA saMgha ke 700 RSiyoM ne bhI samaya-samaya para yahA~ cAra ArAdhanAoM kA ArAdhana kiyA hai| jaina dharma jayavaMta hove / 64 artha zilAlekha naM. 64, zaka saMvata lagabhaga 1085 zrI bhadrassarvato yo hi bhadrabAhuriti zrutaH zrutakevali nAtheSu caramaH paramo muniH artha sarva prakAra se kalyANa kAraka, zrutakevaliyoM meM antima zrutakevalI zrIbhadrabAhu parama muni hue / unake ziSya candragupta hue jinakA yaza candra samAna ujjvala hai aura jinake prabhAva se vana devatA ne muniyoM kI ArAdhanA kI thI / zilAlekha naM. 67 zakasaMvat lagabhaga 1050 40 candra prakAzojvala sAndrakIrtiH zrI candra guptaujina tasya ziSyaH yasya prabhAvAdvana devatAbhi rArAdhitaH svasya guNo munInAm / / varNyaH kathantu mahimA bhaNa bhadrabAhuH mohokamallamadamardana vRtaH bAle / yacchiSyatAptasukRtena ca candraguptaH suzrUSate sma sudhiraM vanadevatAbhiH / / moha rUpI mahAyoddhA ke mada ko mardana karane vAle zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI kI mahimA kA varNana kauna kaha sakatA hai, jinake ziSyatva ke puNyaprabhAva se vanadevatAoM ne candragupta kI bahuta dinoM taka sevA kI / --- ( gautama kSetra meM bahane vAlI kAverI nadI ke pazcima bhAga meM rAmapura ke adhikatara siMgarI goDA ke kheta meM prApta zilAlekha 9vIM zatAbdI) zrI rAjyavijaya samvatsara satyavAkya paramAnadigallu Aluta vAlkineya varSAt mArgazIrSa mAsada peratale divAsabhAge svasti samasta vidyAlakSmI pradhAna nivAsaprabhava praNata sakala sAmanta samUha bhadrabAhu candragupta munipati caraNalAcchavAjita vizAlasira kala vappu girizanAtha velagulAdhipati gaNadhA zrIvara matisAgara paNDitabhaTTAra vesadola annayanuM devakumAranaM dhoranuM iladura AraNNe vANapalliya koNDa zrIke siga tale neripula kaTTana kaTTa suDara ke koTTasthiti krama va entuva yandode baMDara niyanIra vayagIya giDa varisa petendi airadaneya varisameDa alavimurane yavarisa

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65 saMgha aura sampradAya dandige yaDalavIyelA kalAMka yalaM ilda yulalu slgu| artha. samasta lakSmI aura sarasvatI kA nivAsa sthAna aura samasta sAmantoM dvArA namaskRta zrIbhadrabAhu aura candragupta mahAmuni ke caraNoM se maMDita kaTavapra parvata sadA vijayazIla rhe| zilAlekha naM. 258, zaka saMvata lagabhaga 1355 sidbharavastI meM dakSiNa kI ora eka stambha para ( prathama mukha) tadanvaye zuddhimati pratIte smgrshiilaamlrtnjaale| abhUdhatIndro bhuvi bhadrabAhuH payaH payodhAviva pUrNacandraH / / 6 / / bhadrabAhurAgrimaH sabhagrabuddhisampadA zuddhasiddhazAsanaM suzabda-bandha-sundaraM iddhavRtasiddhiratra baddhakamitapo - vRddhi varddhita prakIrtiruddhadhe maharTikaH / / 17 / / yo bhadrabAhuH zrutakevalInAM munIzvarANAmiha pazcimo'pi / ' apazcimoabhUdviduSAM vinetA sarvazrutArthapratipAdanena / / 8 / / tadIya ziSyoajani candraguptaH samagrazIlAnatadevavRddhaH / viveza yatIvratapaH prabhAva-prabhUta-kIrtirbhuvanAntarANi / / 7 / / bhAvArtha__jisameM samasta zIla rUpI ratnasamUha bhare hue haiM aura jo zuddha buddhi se prakhyAta hai usa vaMza meM samudra meM candra samAna zrIbhadrabAhu svAmI hue| samasta buddhizAliyoM meM zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI agresara the| zuddha siddha zAsana aura sundara prabandha se zobhA sahita bar3hI huyI hai vrata kI siddhi jinakI tathA karmanAzaka tapasyA se bharI huyI hai kIrti jinakI aise RddhidhAraka zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI the| jo bhadrabAhu svAmI zruta kevaliyoM meM antima the tathA akhila zAstroM kA pratipAdana karane se samasta vidvAnoM meM prathama the| jinake ziSya candragupta ne apane zIla se bar3e-bar3e devoM ko namrIbhUta banA diyA thaa| jina candragupta ke ghora tapazcaraNa ke prabhAva se unakI kIrti samasta lokoM meM vyApta ho gayI __ zravaNavalagola meM bhI abhilekha saM. 166, zaka saM. lagabhaga 1032 (bhadrabAhu guphA ke bhItara pazcima kI ora caTTAna para ) parantu isa samaya yaha lekha upalabdha nhiiN|

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, 66 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA zrI bhadrabAhu svAmiyaM pAdapaM jinacandra praNamatAM" / bhadrabAhu svAmI aura samrATa candragupta ke sandarbha meM jaba hama uparyukta zravaNavelagola ke zilAlekhoM kA Alokana karate haiM to yaha nizcita mAnanA par3atA hai ki bhadrabAhu antima zrutakevalI the aura candragupta samrATa the jo jaina mAnyatAnusAra antima dIkSita samrATa haiN| 1 12 isa prasaMga meM eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki itihAsa meM inake rAjyAbhiSeka Adi kA to ullekha milatA hai, parantu inakI mRtyu kaise huyI evaM kahA~ para huyI isa viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| ataH aisI sthiti meM jaina mAnyatA hI mAnya hai ki jaba samrATa candragupta kI rAjadhAnI ujjaina meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu Ae aura samrATa ne rAtrikAlIna svapnoM kA phala jAnane kI jijJAsA pragaTa kI, usa svapna phala ke vairAgya meM samrATa dIkSita hokara dakSiNa cale gaye cUMki samrATa dIkSita ho cuke the aura turanta 12 varSa kA akAla par3A thaa| ataH aitihAsika ullekha prApta nahIM hai / uparyukta zilAlekhoM ke prasaMga meM prathama zilAlekha kI ina paMktiyoM ke AdhAra "bhadrabAhu svAminA ujjayanyAmaSTAMga- mahAnimitta - tatvajJena traikAlaya - darzinA nimittena - isa para kucha vidvAn yaha kalpanA karate haiM ki uttara se dakSiNa kI ora jAne vAle bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI nahIM apitu aSTAMga jJAtA nimittajJa dvitIya bhadrabAhu the / jo zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke pazcAtavartI haiN| parantu yaha mata kalpanAmAtra hai| uddharaNa meM " aSTAMga mahAnimitta " jyotiSa zAstra se sambandhita hai / tiloyapaNNati meM ina aSTAMgoM kA vistRta varNana hai / antarikSa, bhauma, aMga, svara, vyaMjana, cinha aura svapna ye ATha bheda nimittoM ke hote haiN| 13 aura ina aSTAgoM ko mahAnimitta bhI kahate haiM / ' 14 ujjayinI meM jaba akAla par3ane ko huA, to usakI pUrva sUcanA meM prakRti ke aSTAMga mahAnimitta rUpa the| jaise jaba bhadrabAhu ke AhArArtha gamanakAla meM yogya AhAra - vidhi milane para gRha meM praveza kiyA to vahA~ para pAlane meM sthita zizu "jAo - jAo " kI dhvani nikAlane lagA- aise lakSaNa dekhane para aura samrATa candragupta ke dekhe svapnoM kA phala vicArane para nirNaya karake unhoMne 12 varSa kA akAla jaanaa| isake atirikta bhI sAmAnyataH AcArya ko bhaviSya kA jJAtA ( anubhAtA ) honA apekSita hotA hai tAki vaha apane saMgha para Ane vAle upasargoM se baca ske| isa sandarbha meM yadi hama vindhyAgiri parvata ke zilAlekhoM meM akhaNDa bAgilu ke pUrva kI ora caTTAna para jo ki sambhavataH zaka saM. 1099 kA hai jisameM AcAryoM ke cAritragata vaiziSTaya ke sAtha jJAnAtmaka vaiziSTaya meM "dvAdazAMga zrutapravidhAnasudhAkarakaM", tathA isake pUrva "aSTAMganimittakuzalakaM" bhI vizeSaNa diyA hai, jabaki dvAdazAMga meM jyotiSa garbhita hai / sambhavataH pRthaka ullekha karane kA Azaya "aSTAMga nimittoM kI kuzalatA para vizeSa jora DAlanA rahA hogaa| ataH zilAlekha naM. 1

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saMgha aura sampradAya kA Azaya hai ki bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI ne zrutajJAna kA hI aMza aSTAMga nimittatA ke jJAna ko hI upayoga meM lAkara tatvajJena arthAt zubhAzubha ke viveka se trikAladarzitA ke dvArA 12 varSa kA akAla jAnakara dakSiNa gaye / 67 isake atirikta bhI uparyukta uddhRta sabhI sazakta zilAlekhIya pramANa pUrNataH santuSTa karate haiM ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu evaM dIkSita samrATa candragupta jinakA ki dIkSA nAma prabhAcandra thA - ke sAtha dakSiNa gaye the aura vahA~ apanA antima samaya jAnakAra kaTavapra nAmaka pahAr3I para sanyAsa maraNa kiyA thA / ina zilAlekhIya pramANoM ke atirikta bhI zAstrIya AdhAra haiM ki jinameM ukta mantavyoM kI hI puSTi hotI hai / hariSeNakRta (saMvat 931 ) vRhatkathAkoSa meM bhI uparyukta mantavya milate haiN| ratnanandyAcArya kRta bhadrabAhu caritra, devacandra kRta karnATaka bhASA meM likhI rAjavalI kathA meM bhI aise hI ullekha haiN| mi. vI. luIsa rAisa bhI apane "eprigrAphikA karnATikA" meM uparyukta mantavyoM kI puSTi hI karate haiM / ataH sarvAMza kA paryAlocana karane para yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura samrATa candragupta samakAlIna evaM guruziSya the| unake pUrva sampradAya - vibhAjana nahIM thA, tathA ujjayinI kI akAla ghaTanA hI sampradAya bheda kA pramukha kAraNa banI / ujjayinI kI isa akAla ghaTanA ke pariprekSya meM digambara sAhitya meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kI utpatti ke viSaya meM jo kathAnaka milate haiM ve isa prakAra haiM hariSeNa kRta vRhatkathA koza ke anusAra jaba bhadrabAhu ke saMgha ne dakSiNa kI ora prasthAna kiyA aura bhadrabAhu ne samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka zarIra tyAga kara diyaa| taba idhara ujjaina meM zrAvakoM ke ati anurodha se sthUlabhadrAcArya ke netRtva meM raha rahe sAdhu varga ati durbhikSatA ke kAraNa rAtri meM bhojana karane lage the, kyoMki zrAvaka bhI ati saMkaTa ke kAraNa rAta meM hI bhojana banAte the| dina meM kSudhA pIr3itoM ke AkramaNa karane ke bhaya se bhojanAdi na banAte hue daravAje banda kiye rahate the, jisase zramaNoM ko bhI AhAra anupalabdha rahatA thA / ataH zrAvakoM ke anurodha se zramaNoM ne rAtri bhojana prArambha kiyA thA, zAyada isI kAraNa kucha granthakAroM ne paMcamahAvratoM ke atirikta "rAtribhojanavirati" ko bhI mahAvratoM meM aNuvrata ke rUpa meM zAmila kara jora DAlanA prArambha kiyA ho, kyoMki kucha abhyAsavaza zithilAcArI zramaNa kAlAntara meM bhI isa ghaTanA ko uddhRta kara rAtri bhojana karane lage hoM, ataH samaya-samaya para rAtri bhojana virati para bhI pRthak se jora DAlane kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa huyI ho, jabaki isa vrata kA antarbhAva ahiMsA mahAvrata meM hI ho jAtA hai| isa para vizeSa vivecana " AhAra caryA" meM kreNge| udhara jaba ujjaina meM zramaNa rAtri meM bhojana karane lage, to eka bAra andhakAra meM bhikSA kI khoja meM nikale nirgrantha zramaNa ko dekhakara bhaya se eka

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jaina zramaNa : svarapa aura samIkSA garbhiNI kA garbhapAta ho gyaa| isa ghaTanA ke mUla kAraNa ko dUra karane ke lie zrAvakoM ne zramaNoM ko arddhaphalaka dhAraNa karane ke lie nivedana kiyaa| subhikSa ho jAne para rAmilla, sthavira, sthUlabhadrAcArya ne to munivrata dhAraNa kara liyA, para jinheM vaha anukUla nahIM thaa| unhoMne jinakalpa ke sthAna para arddhaphalaka sampradAya kI sthApanA kara lI, aura aisA sambhava bhI ho sakatA hai kyoMki 12 varSa ke aise dIrghakAlIna jIvana-yApana karane meM unakI manovRtti kamajora ho gayI ho, ataH arddhaphalaka ko svIkRta karane ke lie unakI mAnasikatA taiyAra ho gayI hogI, cUMki logoM ne nagna rahane ke lie jora DAlA hogaa| ataH aisI viSama paristhiti meM eka pRthaka sampradAya kI sthApanA unake lie Avazyaka thii| uttarakAla meM isI arddhaphalaka sampradAya kA vikAsa rUpa zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti thii| devasena ke darzanasAra (vi.saM. 999) meM bhI isa sambandhI kathA milatI hai| vikramAdhipati kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa bAda saurASTra deza ke valabhIpura meM zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti huyii| isa saMgha kI utpatti meM mUla kAraNa bhadrabAhu gaNi ke AcArya zAMti ke ziSya jinacandra nAmaka eka zithilAcArI sAdhu the, usane strI mokSa, kavalAhAra, savastramukti, mahAvIra kA garbhaparivartana, Adi jaise mata sthApita kiye the|115 eka aura anya devasena ne bhAvasaMgraha meM kucha isase pRthaka batalAte hue kahA ki zAnti nAmaka AcArya valabhI nagara ziSyoM sahita pahu~ce, to vahA~ akAla kA prakopa dekhaa| phalataH sAdhu varga yatheccha bhojanAdi karane lge| duSkAla samApta ho jAne para zAnti nAmaka AcArya ne inase isa vRtti ko chor3ane ke lie kahA, para use unhoMne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| AcArya ne bahuta samajhAyA bhI, para unakI bAta para ziSya ko krodha AyA aura usane vizAla daNDa se zira para prahAra karake unheM svarga loka pahu~cAyA, aura svayaM saMgha kA netA bana gayA, usI se savastra mukti kA upadeza aura zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti huyii|116 bhaTTAraka ratnanandi kRta-bhadrabAhu caritra (tRtIya pariccheda meM) meM kucha parivartana ke sAtha isI ghaTanA kA zvetAmbara mata utpatti kA isI prakAra se varNana hai| digambara paramparA ke uparyukta kathAnakoM se itanA niSkarSa phalita hotA hai ki bhadrabAhu prathama kI paramparA digambara sampradAya se aura sthUlabhadra kI paramparA zvetAmbara sampradAya se jur3I huyI hai| yaha zvetAmbara paramparA arddhaphalaka saMgha kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| ardraphalaka sampradAya kI utpatti vi.pU. 330 meM huyI aura vi.saM. 136 meM vaha zvetAmbara sampradAya ke rUpa meM prakAza meM aayaa| "arddhaphalaka sampradAya" kA yaha rUpa mathurA TIle se prApta zilApaTTa meM aMkita jaina sAdhu kI pratikRti meM parilakSita hotA hai| vahA~ para vaha sAdhu "kaNha" bAeM hAtha se vastra khaNDa ke madhya bhAga ko pakar3akara nagnatA ko chipAne kA prayatna kara rahA hai|

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zvetAmbarIya mAnyatA meM digambara sampradAya kI utpatti 69 haribhadra ke "sambodha prakaraNa" se bhI zve. sampradAya ke isa pUrva rUpa para prakAza par3atA hai| kucha samaya bAda usI vastra ko kamara meM dhAge se bA~dha diyA jAne lgaa| yaha rUpa mathurA meM prApta eka AyAga paTTa para uTaiMkita rUpa se prApta hai| isa vikAsa kA samaya prathama zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa mAnA jA sakatA hai| eka adhipati athavA mahArAjJI kI AjJA se hI eka saMgha vizeSa meM itanA parivartana ho gayA ho, yaha bAta tarka saMgata nahIM lagatI hai| vastutaH usI pRSThabhUmi meM mUlarUpa se zithilAcAra kI bar3hatI huyI pravRtti rahI hogii||| jinakalpa ko mUla rUpa mAnane aura sthavirakalpa ko uttara kAla meM utpanna sthiti ke sAtha bar3hate hue samajhautoM ko zAmila karane se bhI yaha bAta puSTa hotI hai| zvetAmbarIya mAnyatA meM digambara sampradAya kI utpatti jaina zAsana bheda ko zvetAmbara paramparA meM "ninhava" kahA gayA hai| unakI saMkhyA sAta kahI gayI hai-(1) jAmAli, tiSyagupta, ASADha, vizvamitra, gaMga, rohagupta, aura gausstthaamaahil| ninhava kA artha hai-kisI viziSTa dRSTikoNa se Agamika paramparA se viparIta artha prastuta karane vaalaa118| pratyeka ninhava jainAgamika paramparA ke kisI eka pakSa ko asvIkAra karatA hai aura zeSa pakSoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| aisA hone kI vajaha se hI vaha jaina dharma ke hI antargata apanA eka pRthaka mata sthApita karatA hai| saMkSiptataH ninhavoM kA svarUpa nimnalikhita hai: prathama ninhava-jAmAli-bahurata siddhAnta jAmAli bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ziSya thaa| zrAvastI meM usane eka bAra apane ziSya se bistara bichAne ke lie khaa| ziSya ne kahA bistara bicha gye| jAmAli ne jAkara jaba dekhA ki abhI bistara laga rahe haiM to use mahAvIra kA kahA "kiyaNANaM kayaM" ( kiyA jAne vAlA kara diyA gayA) vacana asatya pratIta huaa| taba usane usa siddhAnta ke sthAna para "bahurata" siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI, jisakA artha hai ki koI bhI kriyA eka samaya meM na hokara aneka samaya meM hotI hai| mRdAnayana Adi se ghaTa kA prArambha hotA hai, para ghaTa to anta meM hI dikhAyI detA hai| yaha RjusUtranaya kA viSaya hai jise jAmAli nahIM samajha skaa| (2) dvitIya ninhava-tiSya gupta-jIva prAdezika siddhAnta tiSyagupta vasu kA ziSya thaa| eka samaya RSabhapura meM AtmapravAda para carcA cala rahI thii| prazna thA-kyA jIva ke eka pradeza ko jIva kaha sakate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne uttara diyaa-nhiiN| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki sampUrNa pradeza yukta hone para hI jIva kahA jaaegaa| taba tiSyagupta ne kahA ki jisa pradeza ke kAraNa vaha jIva nahIM khlaaegaa| usI carama pradeza ko jIva kyoM nahIM kahA jAtA ? yahI usakA jIva prAdezika mata hai| evaMbhUta naya na

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70 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA samajhane ke kAraNa hI usane yaha mata sthApita kiyA119 (3) tRtIya ninhava-ASADha AcArya-avyaktavAda__ zvetAvikA nagarI meM ASAda nAmaka eka AcArya the| ve akasmAt marakara deva hue aura punaH mRtazarIra meM Akara upadeza dene lge| yogA sAdhanA samApta hone para unhoMne apane ziSyoM se kahA-"maiMne asaMyamI hote hue bhI Apa logoM se Aja taka vandanA kraayii| zramaNo' mujhe mApha krnaa|" itanA kahakara ve cale gye| taba ziSya kahane lage-kauna sAdhu vandanIya hai ? kauna nahIM ? nirNaya karanA sarala nhiiN| ataH kisI kI bhI vandanA nahIM karanI caahie| vyavahAranaya ko nahIM samajhane ke kAraNa yaha ninhava paidA huA120 (4) caturtha ninhava-kauNDiNya-samucchedakavAda kauNDiNya kA ziSya azvamitra mithilAnagarI meM anupravAda nAmaka pUrva kA adhyayana kara rahA thaa| usameM eka sthAna para prasaMga AyA ki vartamAna kAlIna nAraka vicchinna ho jaaeNge| ataH usake mana meM AyA ki utpanna hote hI jaba jIva naSTa ho jAtA hai to karma kA phala kaba bhogatA hai ? yaha kSaNabhaMgavAda paryAyanaya ko na samajhane ke kAraNa utpanna huaa| ise samucchedaka nAma diyA gayA hai| isakA artha hai-padArtha kA janma hote hI usakA atyanta vinAza ho jAtA hai| (5) paMcama ninhava-gaMga-dvikriyAvAda dhanagupta kA ziSya gaMga eka bAra zarada Rtu meM RtukAtIra nAmaka nagara se AcArya kI vandanA karane ke lie niklaa| mArga meM usane garmI aura sardI donoM kA anubhava eka sAtha kiyaa| taba usane yaha mata pratipAdita kiyA ki eka samaya do kriyAoM kA anubhava ho sakatA hai| nadI meM calane para Upara kI sUrya-uSNatA aura nadI kI zItalatA donoM kA anubhava hotA hai| gaMga ne isa siddhAnta ke AdhAra para apane dvikriyAvAda kI sthApanA kii| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki mana kI sUkSmatA ke kAraNa yaha AbhAsa nahIM hotA, parantu kriyA kA vedana to kramazaH hI hotA hai| (6) SaSTha ninhava-rohagupta-trairAzika vAda eka bAra aMtaraMjikA nagarI meM rohagupta apane guru kI vandanA karane jA rahA thaa| mArga meM use aneka pravAdI mile, jinheM usane parAjita kiyaa| apane vAda sthApana kAla meM usane jIva aura ajIva ke sAtha hI "nojIva" kI bhI sthApanA kii| gRhakokilAdi ko usane "nojIva" btlaayaa| samabhiruDhanaya ko na samajhane ke kAraNa usane isa mata kI sthApanA kI ise trairAzikavAda kahA gayA hai|

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zvetAmbarIya mAnyatA meM digambara sampradAya kI utpatti (7) saptama ninhava-goSThAmAhila abaddhavAda eka bAra dazapura nagara meM goSThAmAhila karmapravAda par3ha rahA thA / usameM usane par3hA ki karma kevala jIva kA sparza karake alaga ho jAtA hai| isa para usane siddhAnta banAyA ki jIva aura karma abaddha rahate haiN| unakA bandha hI nahIM hotA / vyavahAranaya ko na samajhane ke kAraNa hI goSThAmAhila ne yaha mata sthApita kiyA / - 71 ( 8 ) aSTma ninhava - boTika - digambara sampradAya kI utpatti - zivabhUti rathavIrapura nAmaka nagara meM zivabhUti nAmaka sAdhu rahatA thA / vahA~ ke rAjA ne eka bAra bahumUlya ratna - kaMbala bheMTa kiyaa| zivabhUti ke guru AryakRSNa ne kahA ki sAdhu ke mArga meM aneka anartha utpanna karane vAle isa kambala ko grahaNa karanA ucita nahIM / zivabhUti ko usa kambala meM Asakti utpanna ho gayI / AryakRSNa ne yaha samajhakara zivabhUti kI anupasthiti meM usa kambala ke pAdaprocchanaka banA diye| yaha ghaTanA dekhakara zivabhUti krodhita ho gayA / eka samaya AryakRSNa jinakalpiyoM kA varNana kara rahe the, aura kaha rahe the ki upayukta saMhanana Adi ke abhAva meM usakA pAlana sambhava nahIM / zivabhUti ne kahA "mere rahate hue yaha azakya kaise ho sakatA hai ?" yaha kahakara abhinivezavaza nirvastra hokara yaha mata sthApita kiyA, ki vastra kaSAya kA kAraNa hone se parigraharUpa hai ataH tyAjya hai / ye ninhava kisI abhiniveza ke kAraNa Agamika paramparA se viparIta artha prastuta karane vAle hote haiN| prathama ninhava mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM hI unakI jJAnotpatti ke caudaha varSa bAda huaa| isake do varSa bAda hI dvitIya ninhava huA / zeSa ninhava mahAvIra ke nirvANa hone para kramazaH 214, 220, 218, 544, 584, 609, varSa bAda utpanna hue / siddhAntabheda se prathama sAta ninhavoM kA ullekha zve. paramparA meM hI milatA hai / para jinabhadra ne "vizeSAvazyaka bhASya" meM eka aura ninhava ko joDakara unakI saMkhyA 8 kara dii| isI aSTama ninhava ko "digambara" kahA gayA hai / Azcarya kI bAta hai, zeSa ninhavoM ke kAraNa kisI sampradAya vizeSa kI utpatti nahIM huyI / "ThANAMgasUtra " ( sUtra 580 ) meM kevala sAta ninhavoM kA ullekha hai para "Avazyakaniryukti" (gAthA - 779-783) meM sthAna kAla kA ullekha karate samaya ATha ninhavoM kA aura upasaMhAra karate samaya mAtra sAta ninhavoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne hI sarvaprathama aSTama nanhava ke rUpa meM digambara mata ke utpatti kI kalpanA kI hai| unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki upayukta saMhananAdi kA abhAva hone se jinakalpa kA dhAraNa karanA aba zakya hai 121 digambara mata kI utpatti ke sandarbha meM uparyukta ninhavavAda evaM isI prakAra ke kathAnaka zve. zramaNa AtmAnanda jI ke tatva nirNayaprasAda grantha ke pRSTha 542-544 ke AdhAra para samIkSA kareM to yaha mAnanA paDatA hai ki digambara mata utpatti ke ye AdhAra ayukta evaM avicAritaramya hI haiN| kyoMki digambaratva prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke samaya se hI vidyamAna

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jaina zramaNa : svaspa aura samIkSA thaa| jaisA ki pUrva meM hI vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se bhI siddha kiyA jA cukA hI hai| yaha digambaratva vIra nirvANa saMvat 609 ke pazcAt navIna utpatti nahIM hai| pANipAtrI, vastrarahita-nagna utkRSTa-jinakalpI zramaNa bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke samaya se hI hote Ae haiM, aisA zvetAmbarIya sAhitya bhI svIkRta karate Ae haiN| tadanusAra yaha siddha hai ki jaba se jainadharma kA udayakAla hai, nagna digambara zramaNa taba se hI hote Ae haiN| katipaya zvetAmbarIya TIkAkAra (kiraNAvalI TIkAkAra Adi) to samasta tIrthaMkaroM kI sAdhu avasthA ko nagna digambara hI mAnate haiN| dvitIya vicAraNIya yaha hai ki rathavIrapura aura usameM rahane vAlA zivabhUti kataI aitihAsika puruSa nahIM hai| kisI bhI digambara zAstra meM usakA ullekha bhI kataI nahIM huA hai| jabaki jisa vyakti se eka bar3e sampradAya kI utpatti mAnI jAe, aura usako sAhitya/zilAlekha Adi kisI meM bhI sthAna na mile yaha bilkula asaMbhava hai| vastutaH tathya yaha hai ki zivabhUti ke sAtha digambara mata kI utpatti kI sambhAvanA eka kapola-kalpanA mAtra hai| yadi isa kalpanA ko satya bhI mAnA jAe to bhI digambara mata kI utpatti vIra nirvANa saM. 609 meM na hokara eka kor3A-kor3I sAgara varSa pUrva tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke samaya se hI siddha hotI hai, tathA kathA meM yaha kahA gayA "upayukta saMhanana na hone ke kAraNa pAlA nahIM jA sakatA hai, yaha sabhI manuSyoM ke saMdarbha meM kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? kyoMki nagnatA ke lie koI vizeSa saMhanana kI AvazyakatA nahIM, vaha to sAmAnya zakti vAloM ke bhI saMbhava hai, yaha to mAtra samucita viveka evaM vairAgya kI apekSA rakhatI hai aura phira isa nagna veSa ko ninhavavAda aura navIna kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? aba hama aSTama ninhava meM pracalita kathAnaka para bhI sUkSmavicAra kreN| vahA~ para kahA gayA hai ki "zivabhUti ko apanI mAtA kI phaTakAra para vairAgya ho gayA thaa| vaha rAtri ke samaya hI upAzraya meM sthita zramaNoM ke pAsa pahu~cA aura dIkSA kI prArthanA kii| prathamataH AcArya ne manA kiyA jaba zivabhUti svayaM kezaloca karane lagA to phira AcArya ne dIkSA de dii| kAlAtaMra meM rAjA ke dvArA diye gaye ratna kaMvala para usakI Asakti ho gayI, to AcArya ne usa ratla-kaMvala ko tyAgane kA upadeza karate hue, ratnakaMvala ke Tukar3e karake rajoharaNa banA diyaa| aura eka dina jinakalpa ke svarUpa varNana ke prasaMga meM vaha nagna digambara ho gyaa| yahA~ prathama to jaina zramaNa rAtri meM bolate nahIM haiM, ataH AcArya ne zivabhUti ke sAtha vacanAlApa kaise kara liyA? jaba pahale dIkSA ke lie manA hI kara diyA to phira tatkAla dIkSA kaise dI, aura satyamahAvrata kaise TikA rahA ?

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zvetAmbarIya mAnyatA meM digambara sampradAya kI utpatti 73 zivabhUti ne ratnakaMvala lekara zvetAmbarIya paramparA ke siddhAnta anusAra anyAya kauna sA kiyA thA ? kyoMki mahAvrata dhAraNa karate samaya isa paramparA meM tIrthaMkara bhI divya, bahumUlya, devadUSya vastra dhAraNa karate haiN| zivabhUti to tIrthaMkara kI apekSA nimna koTi kA hI zramaNa thaa| aura jaba ratnakaMvala liyA hI thA to usako dUra kyoM nahIM pheMka diyaa| usake rajoharaNa kyoM banAye? kyA usake rajoharaNa banane para bahumUlyapanA samApta ho gayA thA ? tathA usameM bhI Asakti kA eka aura anya mAdhyama nahIM thA ? aura phira ratnakaMvala ke rajoharaNa banavAne kI AjJA kauna se Agama meM varNita hai ? jinakalpI kA svarUpa sunakara zivabhUti kI nagnatA ne anyAya kauna sA kiyA thA ? jisase ki use ninhavavAda kahA jAe ? usane to vilupta nagna paramparA ko udghATita kara eka nayA Adarza hI upasthita kiyA thA jo ki zve. Agama meM bhI zraddheya evaM mAnya hai| tathA aisA karake zivabhUti ne nayA paMtha bhI nahIM calAyA thaa| navIna paMtha to vaha kahA jAtA hai jo kabhI bhI pahale kisI ne bhI nahIM calAyA ho| kalpita kathA vikrama saMvat dUsarI zatAbdI (138 veM varSa ) meM digambara paMtha kI utpatti kahatI hai, jabaki prasiddha digambarAcArya kundakunda vikrama saMvat 49 meM hI hue haiN| joki zilAlekhoM Adi se pramANita hai| isI prakAra samantabhadrAcArya Adi nagna digambara sAdhu bhI prathama zatAbdI meM anta ke hI haiN| tathA yadi dUsarI zatAbdI meM digambara mata paidA huA to itane zIghra isako lokapriyatA kaise mila gayI ? jabaki digambara sampradAya ke sabhI prasiddha AcArya 5 vIM sadI ke pUrva ke hI haiM, aura dUsarI tarapha zvetAmbara sampradAya ke sAhitya kA prArambha hI lagabhaga 5 vIM sadI ke Asa-pAsa zurU hai| bahuta jainetara videzI vidvAnoM kA bhI mantavya hai ki digambara sampradAya prAcIna hai jabaki zvetAmbara sampradAya nyaa| isa sambandha meM zrI sammedazikhara tIrthakSetra ke iMjakzana keza kA phaisalA dete hue rAMcI korTa ke pratibhA sampanna saba jaja zrIyuta phaNIsacandralAla jI sena likhate haiM ki "zvetAmbaroM kA kahanA hai ki digambara AmnAya zvetAmbaroM ke pazcAt huyii| parantu" There is authoritative pronouncement that the Digamber must have ekisted from long before the Swetambari seat was formed. arthAta - isa bAta ke bahuta dRr3ha pramANa haiM ki zvetAmbarI jaina se bahuta pUrva digambara jaina maujUda the|

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74 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA insAiklopIDiyA briTeniyA ke 11 veM saMskaraNa ke 127 pRSTha para likhA hai ki zvetAmbara loga chaThavIM zatAbdI se pAe gaye haiN| digambarI vahI prAcIna nirgrantha haiM jinakA varNana bauddha kI pAlI piTakoM meM AyA hai122 misTara vI. levisa rAisa sI.AI.I ne kahA hai ki-"samaya ke phera se digambara jainoM meM se eka vibhAga uTha khaDA huA jo isa prakAra ke kaTTara sAdhupane se viruddha pdd'aa| isa vibhAga ne apanA nAma "zvetAmbara" rkhaa| yaha bAta satya mAluma hotA hai| ki atyanta zithila zvetAmbariyoM se kaTTara digambarI pUrva ke haiM123 isI prakAra alabreTa bevara likhate haiM ki "digambara loga bahuta prAcIna mAluma hote haiM, kyoMki na kevala Rgveda saMhitA meM inakA varNana "munayaH vAtavasanAH" arthAta pavana hI hai vastra jinake isa taraha AyA hai kintu sikaMdara ke samaya meM jo hindustAna ke jaina sUphiyoM kA prasiddha itihAsa hai usase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai124 insAiklopIDiyA briTeniyA jilda 25, saMskaraNa 11, (san 1911) meM likhA hai ki. "jainoM ke do bar3e bheda haiM eka digambara dUsarA shvetaambr| zvetAmbara thoDe kAla se zAyada bahuta karake IsA kI 5 vIM zatAbdI se pragaTa huA hai| digambara nizcaya se lagabhaga ve hI nirgrantha haiM jinakA varNana bauddhoM kI pAlI piTakoM meM AyA hai| isa kAraNa ye loga (digambara) IsA se 600 varSa pUrva ke to hone hI caahie| 25 isI prakAra kA vilasana sAhaba kA mantavya hai ki-" jainoM ke pradhAna do bheda haiM digambara aura shvetaambr| digambarI bahuta prAcIna mAlUma hote haiM aura bahuta adhika phaile hue haiN| sarva dakSiNa ke jainI digambarI mAluma hote haiN| yahI sthiti pazcima bhArata ke bahuta se jainoM kI hai| hinduoM ke prAcIna dhArmika granthoM meM jainoM ko sAdhAraNatayA digambara yA nagna likhA hai126 niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA . cUMki mahAvIra ne vAta...ga arthAt sampUrNa nagnatA kA hI upadeza diyA thaa| usa mArga ke sAkSAt anuyAyI zramaNoM kA antarvAhya jIvana bhI vItarAgI vyaktitva liye hue honA caahie| vItarAgI kA veSa nispRha evaM aparigrahI hI hogA ataH mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa zramaNa svarUpa meM mUlataH digambara sampradAya hI AtA hai| tathA jaina dharma kI prasiddha vItarAgatA digambara sampradAya ke hI Adarza arhanta, aura unakI pratimAoM, mahAvratadhArI zramaNoM tathA unake sAhitya meM hI pAyI jAtI hai| aisI vItarAgatA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM nahIM hai|

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digambara sampradAya aura usake bheda digambaroM kI nagna vItarAgatA ke samarthana meM vaidika sAhitya, muslima sAhitya vibhinna aitihAsika abhilekha evaM bhAratIya saMdarbha isa bAta kI purajora rUpa se puSTi karate haiN| isake atirikta niSpakSa videzI vidvAna bhI isakI puSTi meM apanA mata vyakta karate haiM / ataH digambara zramaNa kI prAcInatA siddha hue binA rahatI nahIM hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu prathama ke pazcAt ujjaina ke akAla meM zithilAcAra ke samarthana meM uThI eka vizeSa AvAja ha zvetAmbara zramaNa haiM, tabhI to unake AgamoM meM cAritrika pakSa meM vibhinna apavAda mArga vikasita kiye gaye / jinakalpa ke uccheda kI bAta kahakara sthavira kalpa meM vastra kI mAnyatA pradAna kara paraspara viruddha kathana rahe, evaM nirantara zithilAcAra kA vikAsa hI rhaa| jabaki digambara sampradAya meM cAritrika pakSa sadaiva lagabhaga eka sA hI rahA / usameM koI vizeSa ullekhanIya parivartana nahIM huA / ataH mahAvIra kI dhArmika paramparA meM digambara sampradAya hI AtA hai, zvetAmbara sampradAya nahIM / yaha to lagabhaga 4-5 zatAbdI kI hI eka navInatama kRti hai, jisane apane mata kI puSTi evaM nayA mata pravartana kiyA / 75 digambara sampradAya aura usake bheda vIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa taka lohAcArya kI paramparA meM gaNa, kula, saMgha kA vibhAjana nahIM huA thA, parantu AcArya arhadbalI se navIna saMgha aura gaNoM kI utpatti huyI / digambara sampradAya meM bhI Antarika zithilAcAra ke baDhate kadama ko rokane ke lie evaM apanA eka saMgaThana kAyama karane ke lie, jisase zithilAcAra ko protsAhana na mila sake; vibhinna AcAryoM ne vibhinna saMgha sthApita kiye the / vastutaH yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki kisI vizuddhatAvAdI saMgha meM kAlAntara meM bhI zithilAcAra na AyA ho, prabhAvI AcArya ke abhAva meM ina saMghoM meM bhI zithilAcAra AyA thaa| kyoMki dakSiNa bhArata ke aneka zilAlekhoM meM kundakundAmnAya ke zramaNoM ko bhI mandira banavAnA, dAnalenA kRSaka karma meM lipta vahA~ ke zilAlekha pradarzita karate haiM / vastutaH "corana ke pura na basai" kI sthiti hai| zithilAcAriyoM kA apanA koI sampradAya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ve hara jagaha pAye jA sakate haiM, isI prakAra se vizuddhatAvAdI logoM kA bhI apanA koI saMgha antima rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yadi kundakunda kI AmnAya meM bhI zithila zramaNa milate haiM to dUsarI tarapha kASThA saMgha, drAviDa saMgha evaM yApanIya saMgha meM yatra-tatra zreSTha AcAryoM kA darzana hotA hai| lekina phira bhI uparyukta saMgha mukhyataH kisI viziSTa mAnyatA se sArvajanika rUpa se prasiddha rahe haiN| hamArA kisI saMgha ke AdhAra para kisI vyakti vizeSa ( zramaNa ) ke guNa-doSoM kA nirdhAraNa karanA eka bahuta bar3I bhUla bharA aparAdha hogaa| kisI saMgha ke guNa-doSoM kI prasiddhi to usake saMsthApaka ke AdhAra para hI huyI thI tathA, usa saMgha meM una-una guNavAna/doSavAna zramaNoM kA bAhulya bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / parantu kisI prabuddha ko to zramaNa ke vyaktitva kA nAma usake saMgha ke Agraha ke sAtha nahIM karanA cAhie / yahA~ para vibhinna saMghoM kA paricaya prastuta kara rahe haiN| -

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 1. mUlasaMgha ke gaNa, gaccha, evaM anvayaAcArya indranandi ke zrRtAvatAra meM eka zloka likhA hai "Ayatau nandivIrau prakaTagiri guhAvAsato'zokavATA, devAzcAnyo parAdirjita iti yatimau sena-bhadrAyau c| paMcastUpyAtsaguptau guNadhara vRSabhaH zAlmalIvRkSamUlAt, niryAtau siMha candrau prathitaguNagaNau kesarAtkhaNDa pUrvAt / / 96 / / isa zloka kA artha eka ghaTanA se joDate hue kahA hai ki puNDravardhana nagara meM arhavalI nAma ke AcArya the| pratyeka pA~ca varSa ke anta meM ve sau yojana meM basane vAle muniyoM ko yuga pratikramaNa ke lie bulAte the| eka bAra aise hI yuga pratikramaNa ke avasara para samAgata zramaNoM se unhoMne pUchA-kyA saba A gaye ? hA~, hama saba apane saMgha ke sAtha A gaye, zramaNoM ne uttara diyaa| isa uttara ko sunakara unheM lagA ki jaina dharma gaNapakSapAta ke sAtha hI raha skegaa| ataH unhoMne saMghoM kI racanA kii| jo muni guphA se Aye the, unameM se kucha ko "aparAjita" nAma diyA, kucha ko deva nAma127 / jo paMcastUpya nivAsa se Aye the, unameM se kucha ko "sena" nAma diyA, kucha ko "bhadra" naam| jo zAlmalI vRkSa ke mUla se Aye the, unameM se kisI ko "guNadhara" nAma diyA, kucha ko "gupta" / jo khaNDa kesara vRkSa ke mUla se Aye the unameM se kisI ko "siMha" nAma diyA kinhIM ko "cndr"| 11 vIM zatAbdI ke ina indranandi ke mantavya ke pazcAt sambhavataH inhIM ke anusaraNa para 14 vIM zatAbdI meM bhI isa prakAra ke zilAlekha prApta haiN| isake atirikta eka mantavya yaha bhI milatA hai ki akalaMka deva ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt saMgha, deza-bheda se ukta cAra bhedoM meM vibhAjita ho gyaa| parantu inameM koI cAritrika bheda nahIM hai| ina saMgha bhedoM ke kAraNoM ko dekhakara lagatA hai ki usa samaya vRhattara bhArata vibhinna ghaTakoM meM ba~TA huA thaa| apanI eka alaga pahicAna banAne kI AvazyakatA thii| aise samaya meM zramaNa saMgha bhI achUtA na rhaa| zramaNoM kA kisI rAjya vizeSa meM pratibandha to hotA nahIM hai, aise meM jaba zramaNa kisI dUsare rAjya yA zahara meM praveza karatA hogA, to vaha kabhI-kabhI apane nivAsa sthAna Adi se bhI jAnA jAtA hogaa| pariNAma svarUpa, anvaya, saMgha, yA gaccha gauNa ho jAte the tathA nivAsa sthAna mukhya ho jAtA thaa| udAharaNArtha eka zilAlekha dekheM-"koNDakundAnvaya meM panasoge nivAsI muniyoM meM pradhAna pUrNacandra muni the| 28" zAyada eka zahara yA jAti se kaI muni dIkSA lete the, ataH usa nivAsa sthAna se ve pahicAne jAte hoNge| jaisA ki uparyukta "panasogenivAsI muniyoM meM pradhAna" se dhvanita hotA hai| usa samaya zithilAcAra ke bIja paDe hue hI the, ve pallavita aura puSpita bhI ho rahe the, aise meM vizuddhatAvAdI zramaNoM kI samucita pahicAna nahIM ho pAtI hogii| ataH apanI vizuddhatA kI pahicAna hetu apanA eka cinha banAnA ucita smjhaa| isalie aise meM saMgha

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digambara sampradAya aura usake bheda vizeSoM kI utpatti huyI hogii| vastutaH khatarA to vizuddhatA ko hI hotA hai| avizuddhatA ko khatare kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| parantu kAlAntara meM unake bhI saMgaThana bana jAyA karate haiN| yahI sthiti mahAvIra ke saMgha/paramparA ke sAtha nirvAha karane vAle zramaNoM kI huyI hogI, tabhI to "mUlasaMgha" jaise nAmoM ke nAmakaraNa kI AvazyakatA huyI hogii| aura aise mUlasaMgha ke logoM ne apane se alaga saMgha ke zramaNoM ko jainAbhAsa isI kAraNa kahA hogA ki ve caritra meM zithila rahe hoNge| parantu isa tathya ko bhI nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA ki eka sadbhAvanA se saMgaThita kiyA gayA vizuddhatAvAdI zramaNoM ke saMgha meM kAphI zithilatAeM aayiiN| vizuddhatA ke pratIka rUpa meM sthApita mUlasaMgha bhI kAlAntara meM eka rUr3hi bana gayI, aura isa saMgha ke sadasya bhI kundakunda aura samantabhadra kI duhAI dekara unake yaza kA upayoga kara, dAna dakSiNA yantramantra evaM lokeSaNA ke cakravyUha meM bhI samaya-samaya para phaMse,129 to dUsarI tarapha jainAbhAsa kahe jAne vAle kASThA, drAvir3a evaM yApanIya saMgha meM eka rUr3hi ke rUpa meM hI zithilAcAra rahA, aura vahA~ bhI kardama meM kamala khile| aura inakA vivecana sandarbhita prakaraNoM meM hogaa| yahA~ para to abhI iMtanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUla saMgha kI utpatti ke sandarbha meM antima rUpa se sazakta aitihAsikatA aprApta hai| "mUlasaMgha" aura "kauNDakundAnvaya" zabdoM ke upayoga to kASThAsaMgha aura drAviDa saMgha ke AcAryoM ne bhI sthAna-sthAna para apane lie gaurava ke sAtha kiyaa| kucha vidvAna mUla saMgha aura kauNDakundAnvaya ko paryAyavAcI hI mAnate haiM arthAt kundakunda ko mUlasaMgha kA pravartaka mAnate haiN| parantu "mUlasaMgha koNDakundAnvaya" kA eka sAtha sarvaprathama prayoga san 1044 I. meM huA hai130 kauNDakundAnvaya kA svataMtra prayoga 8-9 zatAbdI ke lagabhaga huA hai|131 ataH yadi mUlasaMgha ke pravartaka kundakunda hote to isake pUrva athavA isameM bhI isake sAtha kundakunda kA nAma bhI avazya aataa| parantu mUlasaMgha ko dharasenAcArya Adi ke sAtha na joDakara kundakunda ke sAtha hI joDane kA kyA kAraNa digambara paramparA meM rahA ? sambhavataH kundakunda dvArA sImandhara bhagavAna kI sAkSAt vANI sunane kI kivaMdantI pracalita hone ke kAraNa tathA unakI ajor3a sAhityika evaM AdhyAtmikatA, abhivyakti kI anupama pratibhA aura eka yugapuruSa hone ke kAraNa tathA mahAvIra kI mUla paramparA meM bheda par3ane para unake mUla svarUpa ko sajaga va sazakta, evaM sarala tarIke se surakSita rakhane ke kAraNa "mUlasaMgha" nAma pravartita huA aura isa "mUlasaMgha" zabda ko kAlAntara meM unake sAtha jor3A jAne lgaa| Aja taka ke 2000 varSa ke jaina itihAsa meM hajAroM jainetara unase hI prabhAvita hokara jaina bane haiN| aisA kinhIM anya jaina AcAryoM ke sAtha niyoga nahIM hai| kundakunda sacamuca meM hI kAlajayI puruSa haiN| mUlasaMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha noNamaMgala ke dAnapatra meM milatA hai132 jo sambhavataH san 425 I. kA hai| mUlasaMgha ke antargata vibhinna gaNa, gaccha, anvaya, Adi kI vibhinna zAkhAeM-prazAkhAeM haiM jinakA vibhAjana isa prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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78 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA (1) saMgha navilUra saMgha, mayUra saMgha, kicUra saMgha, kozalanUra saMgha, ganezvara saMgha, goNasaMgha, zrI saMgha, siMha saMgha, paralUra saMgha, (2) anvaya koNDakundAnvaya, zrIpurAnvaya, kitturAnvaya, candrakavATAnvaya, citrakUTAnvaya, tAlakolAnvaya, laMvakaMcukAnvaya, golAsaTakAnvaya, golApUrvAnvaya, (3) gaNa___ balAtkAra gaNa, sUrasthagaNa, kAlogra gaNa, udAra gaNa, yogIraya gaNa, pulAgavRkSa, mUlagaNa, paMkuragaNa, dezIgaNa, siMgagaNa, senagaNa, kANUragaNa, eregittUra gnn| (4) gaccha citrakUTa, hottage, tagarika, hogari, parijAta, meSapASaNa, titriNIka, sarasvatI, pustaka, vakragaccha, pogari, bAggaccha, pulikal gaccha Adi bali___ inasoge yApanasoge, iMgulezvara evaM vANada bali Adi uparyukta saMgha, anvaya, gaNa, gaccha, evaM bali dakSiNa bhArata se adhika sambandhita haiM, uttara bhArata se kama, tathA inake nAmakaraNa bhI dakSiNa bhAratIya saMskRti se hI pAye jAte haiN| sambhavataH dakSiNa bhArata meM bhadrabAhu ke cale jAne tathA vahA~ jainoM kA paryApta rAjakIya saMrakSaNa, evaM jainoM kI rAjyahita meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA evaM sthAna hone ke kAraNa zramaNoM ko bhI vahA~ samucita vAtAvaraNa milaa| ataH adhikAMzataH sabhI pradhAna jaina AcArya vahIM rhe| sabhI pramukha gaNa-gaccha vahA~ ke nAmakaraNa para rhe| kucha anvaya jaise laMvakaMcukAnvaya, golArATakAnvaya golApUrvAnvaya Adi uttara bhAratIya haiM jo AgarA, lakhanaU, iTAvA, gvAliyara, mahovA Adi kSetroM se sambandhita haiM, aura zAyada digambara jaina jAti ke lameMcu, golApUrva tathA golAlAre Adi jAtiyoM ke rUpa meM hai, jo Aja isI kSetra meM pAyI jAtI haiM-zAyada isa tarapha iMgita karatI hai| parantu ye anvaya prAcInatama evaM prasiddha nahIM rahe haiN| nandisaMgha nandi saMgha prAcInatama lagatA hai| isakI eka prAkRta paTTAvalI bhI prApta hai| ye kaThora tapasvI huA karate the| yApanIya aura dravir3a mUla-saMgha ekArthaka ho gye| nandi saMgha kA nAma "nandi" nAmAnta zramaNoM se huA pratIta hotA hai|

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digambara sampradAya aura usake bheda 79 sena saMgha saMbhavataH sena-saMgha kA nAma senAnta AcAryoM se huA hai| isakA sarvaprathama ullekha sUrata tAmrapatra meM milatA hai|133 jo zaka saM. 743 kA hai| uttara-purANa ke kartA guNabhadra ne apane guru jinasena aura dAdA guru vIrasena svAmI ko senAnvaya kahA hai| parantu jinasana aura vIrasena ne dhavalA prazasti meM apane ko paMcastUpAnvaya kahA hai| indranandi ke lekhAnusAra paMcastUpa se Ae hue muniyoM ke saMgha ko "sena" nAma diyA gayA thaa| ataH paMcastUpAnvaya hI saMbhavataH uttarakAla meM senAnvaya ke nAma se prasiddha huA kyoMki vIrasena ke pazcAt kisI bhI AcArya ne apane grantha meM paMcastUpAnvaya kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| uparyukta kahe gaye siMha, nandi, sena aura deva ye cAra arhadavali dvArA sthApita hue the| ataH "mUlasaMgha" ke antargata rhe| inheM kisI ne bhI jainAbhAsa nahIM khaa| ataH ye mUlasaMgha ke nAma se kahe gye| isake alAvA anya saMghoM kA paricaya nimna hai| kASThA saMgha evaM mAthura saMgha kASThA saMgha kA sarvaprathama zilAlekhIya ullekha zravaNabelagolA ke vi.saM. 1119 ke lekha meM milatA hai| parantu caudahavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt isa saMgha kI aneka paramparAoM ke ullekha milate haiN| bhaTTAraka surendrakIrti ne jinakA samaya saMvat 1747 hai, apanI paTTAvalI meM kahA hai ki kASThA saMgha meM nanditaTa, mAthura, vAgaDa evaM lATavAgaDa ye cAra gaccha prasiddha hue| kintu mAthura, vAgaDa, tathA lATavAgaDa ke bArahavIM sadI taka ke jo ullekha milate haiM unameM unheM saMgha kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| kASThA saMgha ke sAtha unakA koI sambandha nahIM hai| darzanasAra! meM kASThA saMgha kI utpatti dakSiNa prAnta meM AcArya jinasena ke satIrthya vinayasena ke ziSya kumArasena ke dvArA jo nanditaTa meM rahate the, vi.saM. 753 meM huyI batalAyI hai, aura kahA hai ki unhoMne karkaza keza arthAt gau kI pUMcha kI picchi grahaNa kara sAre bAgaDa deza meM unmArga claayaa| phira isake do sau varSa bAda arthAt vi.saM. 953 ke lagabhaga mathurA meM mAthuroM ke guru rAmasena ne niHpicchika rahane kA upadeza diyA aura kahA ki na mayUra picchi rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai aura na gau puMccha kI picchi|134 kintu paM. bulAkIdAsa ke vacana koSa meM, jo vi.saM.1737 meM banA hai, likhA hai ki kASThA saMgha kI utpatti umAsvAmI ke paTTAdhikArI lohAcArya dvArA agarohA nagara meM huyI aura kASTha kI pratimA ke pUjana kA vidhAna karane se usakA nAma kASThAsaMgha pdd'aa|135 sthAna sApekSikatA ke kAraNa saMghoM, gaNoM evaM gacchoM ke nAma ko lekara bAbU kAmatA

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80 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA prasAda jI ne kASThA saMgha kI utpatti kI kalpanA kI hai ki yaha saMgha mathurA ke nikaTa jamunA ke taTa para sthita kASThA nAmaka grAma se nikalA hai|30 yA ho sakatA hai ki kASThAsaMgha jaina zramaNoM ke usa samudAya kA nAma par3A ho, jisakA mukhya sthAna kASThA nAmaka sthAna thA137 / kASTha kI pratimA banAkara pUjane ke kAraNa kASThA saMgha ke pravartana kI koI tArkika saMtuSTi nahIM milatI kyoMki usa samaya pASANa pratimAoM kA pracalana thA hI, tathA isa prakAra ke pratimA nirmANa ke vidhi-vidhAna kA sAhitya meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai tathA aisI koI purAtAtvika sAmagrI bhI prApta nahIM hotI hai, jaina sAdhu ke lie deva darzana Avazyaka aMga bhI nahIM hai, aura na hI unake dvArA pratimA nirmANa kA vidhAna hI hai| ataH kASTha pratimA ko pUjane jaisA prasaMga bhI prApta nahIM hotA hai| ataH sthAna vizeSa ke nAma ko lekara kASThA saMgha kI pravRtti hI jyAdA tathyapUrNa lagatI hai kyoMki aisA anya saMghoM kI utpatti ke sAtha bhI huA hai| parantu dUsarI tarapha prAcIna sAhityakAroM ne kASTha kI pratimA pUjane ke kAraNa kASThAsaMgha kI utpatti kI kalpanA kI hai| aisI paristhiti meM antima rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha eka svataMtra zodha kA viSaya ho sakatA hai| kASThAsaMgha mathurAnvaya ke prasiddha AcAryoM meM subhASita ratnasaMdoha Adi aneka granthoM ke racayitA AcArya amitagati ho gaye haiM jo paramAra nareza muMja aura bhoja ke samakAlIna the| kASThAsaMgha ke pramukha gaccha yA zAkhAeM cAra thIM-nandi taTa, mAthura, bAgar3a aura laattbaagdd'| ye cAroM nAma sthAnoM aura pradezoM ke nAma para AdhArita haiN| ina kASThA evaM mAthura saMgha kA sambandha uttara bhArata se rahA hai| yApanIya saMgha___ yaha saMgha dakSiNa bhArata kI apanI dena hai| isa saMgha ke sAdhu eka ora digambara sAdhuoM ke samAna ugra-caryA ke rUpa meM nagna rahate the, mayUra picchi rakhate the tathA pANitala bhojI the evaM nagna pratimAeM pUjate the aura vandanA karane vAloM ko dharmalAbha dete the, to dUsarI tarapha saiddhAntika mAnyatA meM zvetAmbaroM ke samAna strI mukti, kevalI kavalAhAra aura sagranthAvasthA bhI mAnate the| ve prAcIna jainAgama granthoM kA paThana-pAThana karate the, para unake Agama zAyada zvetAmbarIya jainAgamoM se pAThabheda ko lie kucha bhinna the| sambhavataH yaha zvetAmbara-digambara ke madhya kI zrRMkhalA thii| isa saMgha kI sthApanA darzanasAra ke kartA devasena sUri ke kathanAnusAra vi.saM. 205 meM "zrI kalaza" nAma ke zvetAmbara sAdhu ne kI thii| karnATaka pradeza ke zilAlekhoM meM yApanIyoM ke sambandha meM paryApta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai, anya pradezoM ke saMgrahoM meM usakA abhAva hai| ataH karnATaka pradeza meM janma lekara isa saMgha ne dhIre-dhIre apanI zakti ko baDhAyA tathA pA~cavI sadI se 15 sadI taka usane karnATaka ke aneka pradezoM meM rAjakIya tathA janatA kA

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digambara sampradAya aura usake bheda 81 saMrakSaNa prApta kiyaa| kintu isameM yaha ullekhanIya tathya hai ki karnATaka ke ekadama dakSiNI bhAga meM jisameM maisUra bhI sammilita hai, zilAlekhoM meM yAphnIyoM kA ullekha bahuta kama hai, zravaNavelagolA ke lekhoM meM eka bhI yApanIya saMgha kA ullekha spaSTa rUpa meM nahIM milatA hai| vigata anveSaNoM ke phalasvarUpa jJAta hotA hai ki hannikerI, kalabhAvI saudatti, velagA~va, bIjApura, dhAravADa, kolhApura kSetroM ke kucha sthAnoM meM yApanIyoM kA jora thA 38 / kadamba, cAlukya, gaMga, rASTrakUTa aura raTTavaMza ke rAjAoM ne isa saMgha ko aura isake sAdhuoM ko anekoM bhUmidAna kiye the| isa saMgha ke katipaya gaNoM ke sambandha meM lekhoM ke tithi krama ke adhyayana karane para mAluma hotA hai ki ve pIche digambara sampradAya ke anya dUsare saMghoM dvArA AtmasAta kara liye gaye, yA unakA punaH saMskAra kiyA gayA, yA ve kAla ke thaper3e meM lupta ho gye| lekhoM ke vizleSaNa se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai139 | yApanIya saMgha ke antargata nandi saMgha eka mahatvapUrNa zAkhA thii| usakI eka prasiddha zAkhA punnAga vRkSa mUlagaNa thii| zilAlekhoM meM nirdiSTa bahuta se sAdhu isI gaNa se sambaddha the| isake sivAya bhI yApanIyoM ke aneka gaNa the| do eka lekhoM meM (jai.zi.saM. bhAga 4, naM.70, 131) kumudi gaNa kA ullekha milatA hai| inameM se prathama lekha navamIM zatAbdI kA hai aura dUsarA 1045 I. kA hai| donoM meM jinAlaya nirmANa kA ullekha hai| hali (ji. velagA~va) meM (vahI naM. 207, 268, 386) jo 12 vIM 13 vIM sadI ke haiM-kaDUragaNa kA ullekha hai| sedama se prApta lekha meM maDUvagaNa, saudI, teMgAlI aura manaulI ke lekhoM meM vandimUragaNa tathA badalI hannikerI, saundatti ke lekhoM meM kAreyagaNa aura mailAva anvaya kA ullekha hai| yApanIyoM ke sAtha gaccha kA nirdeza nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi Andhra se prApta eka lekha meM nandi saMgha kA ullekha nandigaccha ke rUpa meM prApta hai| maliyapuNDi dAna patra ke anusAra dharmapurI gA~va meM kaTakarAja durgarAja kI ora se eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA gayA thaa| Andhra pradeza meM yApanIya saMgha ke astitva ko batalAne vAlA yahI lekha abhI taka prApta huA hai1401 drAvir3a saMgha draviDa deza meM rahane vAle jaina zramaNa samudAya kA nAma drAvir3a saMgha hai| inakA ullekha dramir3a, dravir3a, davir3a, drAvir3a, davila, daravila, yAtivula nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| nAmagata ye bheda lekhaka yA utkIrNaka ke kAraNa hue pratIta hote haiN| dravir3a deza vAstava meM vartamAna Andhra aura madrAsa prAnta kA kucha hissA hai| jise suvidhA kI dRSTi se tAmila deza bhI kaha sakate haiN| devasenAcArya ne apane darzanasAra meM anya saMghoM kI utpatti ke varNana meM drAvir3a saMgha ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki pUjyapAda ke ziSya vajranandi ne vi.saM. 526 meM dakSiNa mathurA (madurA) meM drAvir3a saMgha kI sthApanA kii| isa saMgha ko vahA~ jainAbhAsoM meM

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82 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA ginAyA gayA hai aura vajranandi ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki usa duSTa ne kachAra, kheta, vasadi aura vANijya se AjIvikA nirvAha karate hue zItala jala se sthAna karate hue pracura pApa arjita kiyA 47 / isa kathana kI satyatA para gambhIratA se vicArate hue tathA isa saMgha ke pratiSThita kaI AcAryoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha ho sakatA hai ki dravir3a pradeza ke AdhAra para nAmakaraNa kiye gye| isa saMgha meM pahala kAI zithila evaM atibhraSTa pravRtti vAlA rahA hogA, jisase eka pUrNa paramparA hI cala par3I, parantu usa saMgha meM kaI pratiSThita aura vidvAna AcArya hue jinakA jIvana carita vaisA na rahA ho, lekina moTe taura para pUrA saMgha samudAya hI badanAma rhaa| ataH devasena ne usa sampUrNa paramparA ko hI jainAbhAsa kaha DAlA ho| isa saMgha ke lagabhaga sabhI lekha 10-11 vIM sadI ke pazcAtavartI haiN| isase pUrva sambhavataH koI bhI ullekha aprApta hai| isa saMgha ke prAyaH sabhI lekha koDAlva vaMzI, tathA hoysalavaMzI rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla ke haiM jisase vidita hotA hai ki una vaMzoM ke isa saMgha ko rAjya saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| adhikAMza lekha hoysala narezoM ke haiN| ina saMgha ke AcAryoM ne padmAvatI devI kI pUjA evaM pratiSThA ke prasAra meM kAphI yogadAna diyaa| isa saMgha ke drAvir3a saMgha kauNDakundAnvaya142 tathA anya143 lekha meM mUlasaMgha dravir3Anvaya likhA hai| ina nirdezoM se jJAta hotA hai ki prArambha meM nava saMgaThita drAviDa saMgha ne apanA AdhAra yA to mUlasaMgha ko yA kundakundAnvaya ko banAyA hogA, para pIche yApanIya sampradAya ke vizeSa prabhAvazAlI nandisaMgha meM isa sampradAya ne apanA vyAvahArika rUpa pAne ke lie usase vizeSa sambandha rakhA yA draviDa gaNa ke rUpa meM ukta saMgha ke antargata ho gyaa| pIche yaha draviDa gaNa itanA prabhAvazAlI huA ki use hI saMgha kA rUpa de diyA gyaa| zvetAmbara sampradAya aura usake bheda - zvetAmbara sampradAya kI utpatti eka vikAsa kA pariNAma hai| kucha samaya taka zvetAmbara sAdhu apavAda ke spa meM hI kaTivastra dhAraNa kiyA karate the| para bAda meM lagabhaga AThavIM zatI meM unhoMne unheM pUrNataH svIkAra kara liyaa| sAdhAraNataH unake pAsa 14 upakaraNa hote haiN| mahAvIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga 1000 varSa bAda devardhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM zvetAmbara sampradAya ne apane granthoM kA saMkalana zruti paramparA ke AdhAra para kiyA, jinheM digambaroM ne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| isakA mUla kAraNa thA ki vahA~ katipaya prakaraNoM ko kATa-chA~Ta kara aura tor3a-maror3a kara upasthita kiyA gayA thaa| kAlAntara meM zvetAmbara saMgha meM nimnalikhita pradhAna sampradAya utpanna hue|

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zvetAmbara sampradAya aura usake bheda 8.2 caityavAsI zvetAmbara sampradAya meM vanavAsI sAdhuoM ke viparIta lagabhaga caturtha-zatAbdI meM eka caityavAsI sAdha sampradAya khaDA ho gayA, jisane vanoM ko choDakara caitya-mandiroM meM nivAsa karanA aura grantha saMgraha ke lie Avazyaka dravya rakhanA ucita maanaa| isI ke poSaNa meM unhoMne nigama nAmaka zAstroM kI racanA bhI kii| haribhadrasUri ne caityavAsiyoM kI hI nindA apane saMbodha prakaraNa meM kI hai| caityavAsiyoM ne 45 AgamoM ko prAmANika svIkAra kiyA vi.saM. 802 meM aNahilapura paTTANa ke rAjA cAvar3A ne apane caityavAsI guru zIlaguNa sUri kI AjJA se yaha nirdeza diyA ki isa nagara meM vanavAsI sAdhuoM kA praveza nahIM ho skegaa| isase yaha patA calatA hai ki AThavIM zatAbdI taka caityavAsI sampradAya kA prabhAva kAphI bar3ha gayA thaa| bAda meM vi.saM. 1070 meM durlabhadeva kI sabhA meM jinezvara sUri aura buddhi sAgara sUri ne caityavAsI sAdhuoM se zAstrArtha karake ukta nirdeza ko vApisa kraayaa| isI upalakSya meM rAjA durlabhadeva ne vanavAsiyoM ko "kharatara" kA nAma diyaa| isa nAma para "kharataragaccha" kI sthApanA huii| vividha gaccha zvetAmbara sampradAya kAlAntara meM vividha gacchoM meM vibhakta ho gayA jinameM pramukha gaccha nimna haiN| 1. upadeza gaccha :- pArzvanAtha kA anuyAyI kezI isakA saMsthApaka kahA jAtA hai| 2. kharataragaccha :- Upara kathita kathanAnusAra isa gaccha kI sthApanA huyii| isameM dasa gaccha bheda hue jinameM mUrti pratiSThA, maMdira nirmANa Adi hote haiN| inake vibhinna gaccha bheda ye haiM : (1) madhukharataragaccha (2) laghukharataragaccha (3) vegar3a kharataragaccha (4) pIppAlaka gaccha (5) AcArIya kharataragaccha (6) bhAvaharSa kharataragaccha (7) laghubAcArTIya kharataragaccha ( 8 ) raMgavijaya kharataragaccha (9) zrI sArIya khrtrgcch| tapAgaccha_ vi.saM. 1865 meM jagaccandrasUri kI kaThora sAdhanA se prabhAvita hokara mevAr3a nareza jaitrasiMha ne unheM "tapA" nAmaka viruda se alaMkRta kiyaa| jagaccandrasUri mUlataH nirganya gaccha ke anuyAyI the| "tapA" virada ke milane para nirgranthagaccha kA nAma tapAgaccha ho gyaa| kAlAntara meM unhIM ke anyatama ziSya vijayacandra sUri ne zithilAcAra ko protsAhita kiyA aura yaha sthApita kiyA ki sAdhu aneka vastra rakha sakatA hai, unheM dho sakatA hai, ghI, dUdha, zAka, phala Adi khA sakatA hai, tathA sAdhvI dvArA AnIta bhojana grahaNa kara sakatA hai|

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84 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA tapAgaccha meM bhI anekoM gacchoM kI sthApanA huyI jo nimnataH hai(1) vRddha posAlika tapAgaccha (2) laghu posAlika tapAgaccha ( 3 ) devasUri gaccha (4) Ananda sUri gaccha ( 5 ) sAgara gaccha (6) vimala gaccha (7) saMvegI gcch| pArzva gaccha vi.saM. 1515 meM tapAgaccha pRthaka hokara AcArya pArzvacanda ne isa gaccha kI sthApanA kii| ve niyukti, tathA cUrNi aura cheda granthoM ko pramANa koTi meM nahIM rakhate the| isI prakAra kRSNarSi kA "kRSNarSi gaccha" bhI tapAgaccha kI hI zAkhA ke rUpa meM hI prasiddha thaa| AMcala gaccha upAdhyAya vijayasiMha sUri (AryarakSita sUri) ne 1166 I. meM "mukhapaTTI" ke sthAna para aMcala (vastra kA chora) ke upayoga karane kI ghoSaNA kI isIlie ise aMcala gaccha kahate haiN| pUrNimA evaM sArdha pUrNimiyA gaccha___ AcArya candraprabha sUri ne pracalita kriyAkANDa kA virodha kara paurNamayakagaccha kI sthApanA kii| ve mahAnizItha sUtra ko pramANa nahIM mAnate the| kumArapAla ke virodha ke kAraNa isa gaccha kA koI vizeSa vikAsa nahIM ho paayaa| kAlAntara meM 1179 I. meM sumatisiMha ne isakA uddhAra kiyA, isalie ise sArtha paurNamIyaka gaccha kahA jAne lgaa| Agamika gaccha isa gaccha ke saMsthApaka zIlaguNa aura devabhadra pahale paumiyaka the| bAda meM AMcalika hue aura phira 1193 meM Agamika hue| ve kSetrapAla kI pUjA ko anucita batAte the| solahavIM zatI meM isI gaccha kI eka zAkhA kaTuka nAma se prasiddha huyii| isa zAkhA ke anuyAyI kevala zrAvaka the| ina gacchoM ke atirikta aura bhI anekoM gacchoM ke ullekha milate haiM jinakI sthApanAeM prAyaH 10-11 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda rAjasthAna meM huyIM jina sthApanAoM ke pIche choTe-moTe kAraNa hI the| jinameM kucha kA sambandha sthAnoM se hai to kucha kA kula se, gaccha adhikAMza kisI na kisI AcArya ke nAma se prasiddha hue haiN| pratyeka gaccha kI zramaNacaryA lagabhaga pRthaka-pRthaka hI rahI hai| ina gacchoM meM Ajakala kharataragaccha tapAgaccha aura AMcalika gaccha hI astitva meM haiN| ye sabhI gaccha mandira-mArgI aura mUrtipUjaka rahe haiN| mUrti pUjA ke virodha meM zvetAmbara sampradAya meM kucha sampradAya uTha khar3e hue, jinameM sthAnakavAsI aura terApanthI pramukha haiN|144

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85 sandarbha sUcI isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt zramaNa saMgha aura sampradAya aneka zAkhAoM-upazAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| jisase kucha dhArmika pracAra meM lAbha huA to kucha hAni bhii| parantu eka lambe patha meM aisA saba kucha honA Azcarya evaM asambhava nahIM sandarbha sUrI 1. The secred book of the East Vol. XXII, Introduction-Page 24. Jeeoby. 2. bAlakANDa sarga 14, zloka 22 3. Indian Antiguary Vol. IX, Page 163. 4. dekheM-samayasAra, kartA-karma adhikAra 5. svataMtra kartA-laghusiddhAnta kaumudI 6. yaH pariNamati saH kartA, samayasAra kalaza 51 7. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 70 vijayodayA TIkA 8. dazavaikAlika 10/10 9. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 60 kI vijayodayA ttiikaa| 10. mUlAcAra anagAra bhAvanAdhikAra gA.2 11. AcArAgasUtra pR. 210 12. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 2159-60 13. ahIkAdayazcodayanti-syAdvAda parIkSA 14. vRhda jaina zabdArNava pR. 4, 15. sAgAra dharmAmata a.5. zloka 42 16. AcArAMga pR.151 (amolaka RpikRta anuvAda) 17. vahIM, adhyAya 9, uddezya 1, sUtra 4, 18. ThANAMga pR.561 ( amolaka RSikRta anuvAda) 19. bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha le.-bA. kAmatAprasAda jaina 20. vIra, varSa 4, pR.353 21. "acelako'tiniccalo naggo" 1- HO. I|| 245 22. apTapAhuDa - pR.114 ( ananta kIrti grantha mAlA-bambaI ) 23. mUlAcAra-anagAra bhAvAnAdhikAra gA.2 kI TIkA 24. vRhada jaina zabdArNava pR.4 25. ratna. zrA. zloka 4 26. vIra varSa 4, H.201 27. viSNu purANa meM "digambaro muNDo varhapatradharaH (5-2) padmapurANa-(bhUmikhaNDa adhyAya 66 ); prabodha candrodaya nATaka aMka 3 "digambara siddhAntaH, paMcataMtra" ekAkI" 28. apTa pAhuhu pR. 200

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86 29. varAhamihira saMhitA 19/61 30. mUlAcAra - mUlaguNa adhikAra gA. 30 31. sahastrANi ca catvAri nRpANau svAmibhaktitaH tadAkUtamajAnanti prapiNAnnAni nagnatAm / padmapurANa 3 / 286 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 32. AdipurANa 20/170 33. veda purANAdi granthoM meM jaina dharma kA astitva, - le. makkhanalAla, dillI - 1930. 34. The Bhagwata Purana endroses the view that Rishabha was the founder of Jainism - (Indian Philosophy 287 ). 35. RSabha avatAra kahe haiM ki Izvara agnIndha ke putra nAbhi se sudevI putra RSabhadeva jI bhaye / samAna dRSTA jaDa kI nAI yogAbhyAsa karate bhaye, jinake pAramahaMsya pada ko RpiyoM ne namaskAra kIno, svasthazAnta indriya saba saMgha tyAge RSabhadeva jI bhaye, jinase jainamata pragaTa bhayo / (bhAgavatapurANa 2-7-9-10 jvAlAprasAdabhASya ) 36. bhuvanAmbhojamArtaNDaM dharmAmRta payodharam / yogikalpataruM naumi devadevaM vRpdhvjm|| jJAnArNava- 1.2 / / 37. bhAgavata skandha 5 a. 5 38. jinendramata darpaNa, prathama bhAga pR. 10 39. anekAnta, varSa 1, pR. 539 40. anekAnta, varSa 1, pR. 539-540 41. yathAjAtarUpadharAM nirgranthoM niSparigrahaH jAvAlopanipada sU. 6 42. sanyAsaH paTavidho bhavati kuTicaka - vahUdaka - haMsaH - paramahaMsaH - tUriyAtIta avadhUtazceti - ( sanyAsopaniSada 13 ) 43. athabhikSugAm mokSArthInAm kuTIcaka- bahudaka- haMsa- paramahaMsa catvAraH 44. IzAdiviMzottarazatopanipadaH pR. 146 45. IzAdiviMzottarazatopaniSadaH pR. 166 46. IzAdiviMzottarazatopanipadaH pR. 313-316 47. IzAdyaH pR. 415; sanyAsopaniSada 59 48. IzAdyaH pR. 27 49. IzAdyaH pR. 21 pR.368 50. IzAdyaH . 51. IzAdyaH pR. 524 52. i Ho. 111 472-485-Dr. N. N. Law (Calcutta) 53. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha prastAvanA-le. kAmatAprasAda - pR. 32-49 54. digambaratva aura digambaramuni - le. kAmatAprasAda pR. 31 55. purAtatva, varSa-2, aMka 4, pR. 440 56. dekheM phoTo saM. 1

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87 sandarbha sUcI 57. bhAgavata purANa 5,3,20 58. bhAgavata purANa-5,6,12 59. majjhimanikAya-40 60. Rgveda 10,136,2-3 61. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna pR. 13-14 62. Rgveda 10,13,6,1 63. Rgveda 10,136,4 64. jainadharma kA udgama aura vikAsa pR. 15 65. jaina dharma udgama aura vikAsa pR. 17 66. Religious Attitude and life in Islam, p. 298 and K.K. 739 67. The Dervishes-K.K. 738 68. The Higher Saints of Islam, called "Abdals" generally went about perfectly maked; as described by Miss Lucy M. Garnet in her EO excellent account of the lives of Muslim Dervishes, Entitled "Mysticism and Magic in Turkey" NJ., P.10 69. jilda aura pRSTha ke kramAMka "masnavI" ke urdU anuvAda "ilhAme manjUma" ke haiN| 70. K.K. 739 and NJ, PP 8-9 71. sthambha lekha naM. 7 72. savadisAnaM tApasAnaM-JBORS 73. vaMvio jaina smA. pR. 91 74. jai. si.bhA. varSa 1, kiraNa 4, pR. 123 75. holI daravAjA se milA AyAgaphTa-vIra, varSa 4, pR. 303 76. AryavatI AyAgapaTTa-vIra varSa 4, pR. 304 77. vIra, varSa 4, pR. 310 78. saM.prA.jai. ramA.pa. 81-82 (General Cunningham) found a number of Fragmen tary, maked Jain statues, some inscribed with dates ranging from 96 to 152 A.Il. 79. SPCIV. Plate II (B) 80. baM.vi.o.jai. smA., pa. 16 81. I HQ; Vol. VII P. 441 82. Modern Review, Ag. 1931, P. 150 83. AI VII 33-34 va vra, prA. jai. smA. pR. 126 84. ma. prA. jai. smA., pR. 60 85. Nanda were Jains. Cambridge History of India by Prof. E.J. Rapson, 1922, Vol.I Page-164. The nine kings of the Nands dynasty of Magadha were patrons of the Order (Sangha of

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jaina zramaNa : svaspa aura samIkSA Mahavira) History of Aryan Rule in India by E.B. Havell-Page-59. 86. saptama gujarAtI sAhitya paripada riporTa pR. 41. 87. "cndraavdaatstkNrtishcndrvnmaadkm| candragupti pastatrAucakaccAraguNodayaH jJAnavijJAnapArINo jinapUjApuraMdaraH / catudAnadakSo yaH pratApajita bhAskaraH "samAsAdya ya sUrIzaM (bhadrabAhu) pArItya prshryaanvitH| samabhyarcyaguroH paadaavngNdhsdkaadikH|| 226 / / bhadrabAhu caritra, sampA. udayalAla banArasa,2437 88. "That Chandragupta was a member of the Jaina Community is taken by their writers as a matter of course, and treated as a known fact, which needed neither agrument nor demonstration. The documentory evidence to this fact is of comparatively early date, and apparently absolved from all suspicion the testimony of Magasthenes would likewise seem to imply that Chandragupta submitted to the devotional teaching of the Sramanas as opposed to the doctrines of the prahmanas ( Strabo, XV. 1.60 )" -J: RAS VOL IX PP. 175-176 (di. di. muni se uddhRta pR. 10) 89. Jaina tradition-- Jaina aseetia-Sir Vineient Smith EHI.P. 154. (digambaratva aura digambara muni se uddhRta pR. 108) 90. Narasimhachar's Sravanabllagola, p. 25-40 vi.ko. bhAga 7 pR. 156-157 tathA jai. zi. saM. bhUmikA pR. 54-70 91. stambha lekha naM. 6 "The founder of the Maurayan......... (di. di. muni. pR. 109 le. kAmatA prasAda jI alIgaMja 92. digambaratva aura digambara muni pR. 110 93. digambaratva aura digambara muni pR. 111 94. NJ., 1 tro P.2 95. Plinys XXXIV. 9-RAS, Vol. Ix, P. 232. 96. I HQ. Vol. IV P. 522. 97. satAdisAnu bhanitAm tapati-isinaM sAdhiyanaM arahata nisIdiyA samIpe---coyathi aMgasatikaM turiyaM upAdayati" (di. muni 123) --J BORS., XIII 236-237 98. anekAnta, varSa 1, pR. 228 99. di. aura di. muni pR. 157 100. di. aura di. muni pR. 157

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sandarbha sUcI 80 101. IBID, P. 681 102. SSIJ., Pt. I. P. 47 103. IBID P. 55 104. Sc. P. 247. 105. I HQ, VOL. IV. P. 564. 106. zramaNa mahAvIra-pR. 107, le. muni nathamala 107. vahI pR. 108-109 108. jaina AcAra pR. 153, le. mohana lAla mehatA. 109. kalyANa muni aura samrATa sikandara, pR. 13-14. 110. sthAnAMga sUtra, navama sthAna, pR. 683, (byAvara prakAzana) 111. jainendra siddhAnta kopa bhAga 1, pR. 313 112. tiloyapaNNati gA. 1481, 1484 113. tiloyapaNaNati gA. 1002 se 1016 114. rAjavArtika 3/36/3/202/21, eteSu mahAnimitteSu kauzalamaSTAMga mhaanimittjnytaa"| 115. darzanasAra gA. 11-14. 116. bhAva saMgraha-gA. 53-72 117. jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa pR. 43 le. bhAgacandra bhaaskr| 118. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 230-32; rAjavArtika-6/10/2 meM jJAna kA apalApa karane ko "ninhava" kahA gayA hai| 119. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 3233-3255 120. vizeSAvazyaka bhApya gA. 3356-3388 121. jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa pR. 41, le. DA. bhAgacandra bhAskara nAgapura 122. zvetAmbara mata samIkSA pa. 270 123. jaina mitra 10 vA~ varSa, 19-20 vA~ aMka ke lekha kA sAra 124. iNDiyana ronTikerI, pu.naM. 30, "bhArata meM dhArmika itihAsa"-lekha 125. zvetAmbara mata samIkSA - pR. 273 126. vahI pR. 274 127. jai. zi. saM. bhAga 1, lekha saM. 102 ke AdhAra para akalaMka "devasaMgha" ke pratiSThApaka the| 128. . zi. saM. bhAga 2, lekha saM. 239 129. zramaNoM ke dvArA gA~va, jamIna Adi lene kI puSTi meM nimna zilAlekha dekhe jA sakate haiM-lekha saM. 127, 95 jai. zi. saM. bhAga 2 130. jai. zi. saM. bhAga 2, lekha saM. 180 (doDDa-kaNagalu meM, gauNa ke kheta meM eka pApANa para)

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900 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA 131. vahI - lekha saM. 122, 123, 132 132. vahI - lekha saM. 94 133. jai. zi. saM. bhAga 4, lekha saM. 55 134. dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma pR. 181 135. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pR. 276 136. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara bhA. 2, kiraNa 4, pRSTha 28-29 137. paM. nAthUrAma premIjI ke anusAra dillI ke uttara meM jamunA ke kinAre kASThA nagarI thii| jisa para nAgavaMziyoM kI eka zAkhA para rAjya thaa| 14 vIM sadI meM "madana pArijAta" nibaMdha yahI likhA gayA-jai. zi. saM. 3 pR. 68 138. dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma pR. 178 139. jai. zi. saM. bhAga 3 . 26 140. dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma pR. 179 ke AdhAra pr| 141. darzanasAra gA. 25-26 142. jai. zi. saM. bhAga 3, le. saM. 166 ( san 990) 143. vahI le. 178 ( san 1040) 144. "jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa ke AdhAra para le. bhAgacandra bhAskara citrasaM.1 / /

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dvitIya adhyAya zramaNa dharma kA svarUpa dharma kA svarUpa zramaNa dharma kI mImAMsA ke pUrva yaha Avazyaka hai ki yaha nirdhArita ho ki dharma kyA hai ? aura usakA svarUpa kaisA ho ? kyoMki dharma ke svarUpa kI mImAMsA hue binA zramaNa dharma kI mImAMsA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI sukha cAhatA hai aura duHkhoM se DaratA hai| jIva kI pratyeka vRtti sukha prApti ke lie hI hotI hai| yahA~ taka ki, jIva ke Atma vadha (ghAta) jaisI vRttiyA~ bhI sukha prApti kI AzA se hI hotI hai| kyoMki isa vRtti meM yaha bhramapUrNabhAva nihita hotA hai ki, vartamAna kI zArIrika athavA mAnasika pIr3A se mukti kA upAya svayaM kI samApti meM hai| ataH duHkha ke abhAva rUpa sukha kI prApti ke lie hI yaha mithyAtva garbhita kRtya kiyA jAtA hai| isIlie A. samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM dharma kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki "dezayAmi samIcInaM dharma karma nibarhaNam / saMsAra duHkhataH sattavAna yodharatyuttame sukhe|| 2 / / ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra grantha likhane kI pratijJA rUpa meM samantabhadra kahate haiM ki, maiM usa karmoM kI nivRtti rUpa samIcIna dharma ko kahU~gA jo jIvoM ko saMsAra dukha se nikAlakara uttama sukha meM sthApita kre| uparyukta zloka meM samantabhadra apanA mantavya spaSTa karate haiM ki, dharma to vahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki, jisako svIkArane para tatkSaNa uttama sukha mile arthAt jisake pazcAt kisI anya sukha sAdhana kI khoja na karanA par3e, evaM jo svAdhIna evaM pUrNa ho vahI dharma kahA jA

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92 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA sakatA hai| dharma zabda dha+mana se niSpanna hai| " dhIyate loko'nena dharati lokaM vA dharmaH athavA iSTe sthAne dhatte iti dharmaH" arthAt jo iSTa sthAna mukti meM pahuMcAtA hai athavA jisake dvArA loka zreSTha sthAna ko prApta karatA hai athavA jo loka ko zreSTha sthAna meM sthApita karatA hai vahI dharma hai| dharma ko dhAraNa karane vAloM ko, zakti aura samarpaNa kI apekSA se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| prathama to ve jo zakti se hIna haiM, evaM sampUrNa samarpaNa dene meM bhI akSama haiM phira bhI dharmadhAraNa karane ke lie lAlAyita haiM - isa zreNI meM zrAvakagaNa Ate haiM jinako ki jaina darzana meM gyAraha pratimAoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya, ve mahApauruSavanta evaM samarpita vyaktitva Ate haiM, jo dharma dhAraNArtha sadA udyamavanta rahate haiN| isa varga meM "zramaNa" zAmila haiM, jo sadA "zrama" meM samabhAva se athavA zama rUpa se lage rahate haiM, jinakA mAtra yahI vyavasAya rahatA hai| dharma kA isa prakAra kA vibhAjana AcArya padAnandi ne kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA ki dharma, sampUrNa dharma aura deza dharma ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| inameM se prathama bheda meM digambara zramaNa aura dvitIya bheda meM zrAvakasthita hote haiN|' yahA~ para vastutaH dharma to eka hI hai, parantu jo usako sarvAMzataH pAlana nahIM kara sakatA hai, use apanI zakti anusAra pAlana karanA caahie| ataH jitanA dharmAcaraNa hai, utanA to zreSTha hai, zeSa AcaraNa adharma kA hI kAraNa hai, aura ve pApAcaraNa se bhI jaba chUTeMge to hI use sampUrNataH dharmAtmA kaha sakate haiM, aura ise hI dvitIya zabdoM meM mahAvrata-aNuvrata kahate haiN| dvitIya, yaha tathya bhI draSTavya hai ki prathama zramaNa dharma kahA pazcAt zrAvaka dharma kahA; kyoMki zramaNa ke samakSa jAne para ve prathama mUladharma rUpa zrAmaNya kA hI upadeza dete haiM, yadi zrAvaka kI utanI zakti na ho to phira gyAraha pratimAe~ zrAvaka dharma dhAraNa kI vyavasthAe~ haiM, parantu mUla/sAkSAt/vAstavika dharma to zrAmaNya hI hai| dharma ke svarUpa ko paribhASita karate hue jaina darzana meM kahA "vatthu sabhAvodhammo" arthAt vastu kA jo svabhAva hai vahI dharma hai| ataH isa jagata meM pratyeka dravya cetana-acetana svayaM meM dharmI hai, isa apekSA se adharmI nAmaka tatva jagata meM hai hI nahIM, parantu vaha cetana dravya jo dharma arthAta svabhAva ko na jAnakara anya dravyoM ke dharmoM meM hastakSepa karane kI asaphala koziza karate hue apane dharma se ajJAta rahatA hai, jaina darzana ke anusAra vahI vidharmI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra bhagavAna vastu svarUpa se bandhita hote haiM, vastu svarUpa kabhI bhagavAnoM se baMdhatA nahIM hai| jo bhagavAna vastu svarUpa se nahIM baMdhate, ve bhagavAna nahIM huA krte| udAharaNArtha-agni svarUpa kA pratipAdaka agni se ba~dhatA hai arthAt jaisI agni hai vaisA hI use kahanA par3atA hai, anyathA usakA kathana asatya hai| ataH, agni kadApi vaktA ke bandhana ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai, apitu vaktA agni ke bandhana ko svIkAratA hai| agni kA svabhAva (dharma) trikAla eka huA karatA hai, usake dAhakatva meM to hInAdhikatA ho sakatI,

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zramaNa aura usakA dharma 93 parantu dAhakatva ko tilAMjali kadApi nahIM de sakatI hai| yahI vastu dharma hai| zramaNa aura usakA dharma jainadharma ke mokSamArga meM zramaNadharma kA atyadhika mahatva hai| isa dharma meM mokSamArga kI sAdhanA ke rUpa meM vibhAjita zrAvaka dharma aura zramaNa dharma ke vibhAjana meM vastutaH yathArtha sAdhaka to zramaNa hI hai, parantu zramaNa dharma kI sAdhanA meM tatpara zrAvaka dharma hai| ataH "samyagdarzana jJAna cAritrANi mokSamArgaH" meM mokSamArga kA apara nAma to zrAgaNya hI hai| parantu zramaNa dharma ko aMgIkAra karane kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM zrAvaka dharma hai| zrAvaka dharma mukhyataH sAkSAt dharma nahIM hai| isa sandarbha meM eka tathya aura yaha hai ki, zrAvaka kI to usakI zakti kI apekSA se gyAraha pratimAoM kA varNana hai, arthAt zrAvaka ke to gyAraha bheda mukhyataH hote hI haiM, parantu zramaNa dharma meM isa prakAra kA koI bheda nhiiN| zrAmaNya kI apekSA se trikAlavartI sabhI zramaNa samAna haiN| jaina dharma meM gRhastha paramparA kA bhI carama lakSya zramaNa dharma aMgIkAra karanA hI thA, tabhI to Aja bhI bhArata meM madhyapradeza ke sAgara, jabalapura, kaTanI Adi uttara pradeza meM kAnapura, lalitapura, AgarA, jhA~sI Adi bahuta se nagara isI prakAra mahArASTra, karnATaka, rAjasthAna Adi ke bahuta gAMvoM/zaharoM meM jainoM ke gharoM para tathA mandiroM meM picchi rakhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| parantu jaina samAja ke bahuta kama logoM ko isa paramparA ke pracalana kA rahasya patA ho| gharoM meM evaM sthAnIya mandiroM meM picchi rakhane kA kAraNa zAyada yaha thA ki, picchi rakhane se gRhastha ko gRhastha dharma kA uddezya picchi ke prayoga kI smRti dilAtA rahe, tathA usa gahastha ko isa bAta kA smaraNa rahe ki jisa patni. bAla-baccoM. dhana kaTambAdika ko Akhira rUpa se tyAganA hI hai, to phira aba itanA abhI moha kyoM ? isa bAta kI nirantara jAgati ke lie ghara para picchi kI sthApanA rahatI thii| isa prasaMga meM eka tathya aura bhI hai ki kamaNDalu rakhane kI prathA nahIM hai, kyoMki picchi binA to sAdhu dasa kadama se Age cala nahIM sakatA parantu kamaNDalu binA bhI vaha cala sakatA hai evaM picchi to saMyama kA sAdhana hai, parantu kamaNDalu nahIM, ataH gharoM meM picchi rakhane kI prathA calI hogii| dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI rahA hogA ki, jaba sAdhu kI picchi saMyama sAdhana ke ayogya ho jAtI thI; to Avaka, zramaNa kA picchi parivartana meM sahayogI ho jAtA thA aura parivartita picchi ko apane ahobhAgya ke rUpa meM smaraNa svarUpa ghara para rakha letA thaa| parantu sadbhAvanA se calAyI gayI yaha paramparA aba atyanta vikRta rUpa dhAraNa kara cukI hai| balki samAja ne isa mahAn kArya ko bhI apanI "vaNika buddhi" se vaMcita nahIM rakhA hai| aba yaha picchiparivartana samArohoM meM "boliyAM" lagAkara hotA hai| jo ki mAnakaSAya va vyavasAya kA kendra bana cukA hai|

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA dharma ke svarUpa prasaMga meM; jaisA ki likhA gayA ki dharma kabhI bhI prabhAvita nahIM hotA jabaki dharma aura dharmAtmAoM se to deza-kAla prabhAvita hotA hai| jaisA ki rAma, mahAvIra Adi dharmAtmAoM se deza-kAla prabhAvita huA thaa| isa bIsavIM zatAbdI meM bhI gAMdhI jI kI ahiMsaka pravRtti se pAzcAtyavAsI prabhAvita hue, aura unako bhArata mukta karanA pdd'aa| cAhe koI kitanA bhI kahe para maiM to yaha dRDhatApUrvaka kahU~gA ki dharma aura dharmAtmA puruSa kabhI bhI dezakAla kI maryAdA meM nahIM rahatA, apitu dezakAla kI ucchRMkhala vRttiyAM dharmAtmAoM ke jIvana se prabhAvita hotI haiN| deza-kAla kabhI bhI eka se nahIM rahate, paristhitiyA~ evaM pravRttiyA~ kabhI bhI eka sI nahIM rahatI haiN| jaise yaha eka dhruva niyama hai usI taraha dharma sadaiva eka sA evaM aprabhAvita rahatA hai yaha bhI niyama hai| yadi dharma kA svarUpa bhI parivartanazIla ho to eka Adarza kalpanA kI vyavasthA kaise saMbhAvita hogii| niyamoM meM badalAva AMzika satyatA kA hI dyotaka hotA hai| dharma kabhI AMzika satya nahIM hotA hai| dharma sarvAMza evaM sarvakAlika satya hai / ataH usameM badalAva kI kalpanA bhI bAlaceSTA mAtra hai| 94 zramaNa dharma mokSamArga kA sAkSAt dharma hai / ataH dharma bhI trikAla eka sA hI honA cAhie aura kisI prakAra kI paristhitiyoM meM bhI use aprabhAvita rahanA caahie| tabhI vaha zrama arthAt udyogiyoM arthAt vIroM kA dharma kahA jA sakegA / vastutaH zramaNa dharma bhI aisA hI hai| usakA mUla svarUpa trikAla eka hI rahatA hai / usameM kiMcit mAtra bhI badalAva saMbhava nahIM, aisA nahIM ki zrAvakoM zithilatA yA bhraSTatA praveza hone para zramaNoM meM bhI aisA honA svIkRta hove | jainadharma ke anusAra pratipAdita bhUmikA kA jJAna honA atyAvazyaka hai, taba hI isa bhramaNa svarUpa ko saralatA se samajhA jA sakatA hai| jisa bhUmi para rahanA hai usake anurUpa bhI rho| bhUmi ke viruddha rahanA yaha eka droha hai phira cAhe vaha dezadroha ke rUpa meM hI yA dharmadroha ke rUpa meN| ise "bhUmikA vidrohI" kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai / utkRSTatara pavitratA hI zrAmaNya kI bhUmikA hai| bhramaNa pavitratA ke pratIka haiN| bhramaNa vaha pavitra svaccha darpaNa haiM ki, jinako dekhakara apane mukha kI apavitratA dikhatI hai, aura usako dUra karane kI preraNA milatI hai| mukha cAhe thor3A gandA ho athavA bahuta jyAdA, parantu ina donoM prakAra ke mukhoM ko dekhane ke lie eka hI prakAra ke atyanta svaccha nirdoSa darpaNa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / darpaNa kI svacchatA nirapekSa hotI hai, usa darpaNa ko kabhI yaha zikAyata nahIM hotI ki dekhana vAloM kA mukha kaisA ? darpaNa kA svarUpa hI aisA hai ki vaha apane svarUpa ko svaccha rakhe / eka acche svaccha darpaNa meM hI eka malina mukha dikhatA hai| malinatA ke to bheda hote hI haiM, parantu svaccha darpaNa meM koI bheda nahIM hotA hai| ve sabhI darpaNa eka se hI hote haiM / isI prakAra zramaNa eka svaccha, niSkalaMka, nirdoSa AdarzarUpa darpaNa haiN| malina zrAvaka apanI malinatA zramaNa kI Adarza caryA ke pariprekSya meM hI dekhatA hai, aura apanI malinatA ko dUra karane kA prayatna karatA hai / ataH yaha kathana ki "jaise zrAvaka vaise zramaNa " nitAnta asaMgata evaM bhrAmaka hai, kyoMki isameM yaha prazna sahajataH hogA ki kisa zrAvaka ke AdhAra para zramaNa kA svarUpa nirdhArita ho /

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zramaNa aura usakA dharma 95 jaina dharma meM zrAvaka ke gyAraha bheda kiye haiM, jinako ki zAstrIya bhASA meM pratimA kahate haiM, to prazna hai ki kisa pratimA ke AdhAra para zramaNa kA svarUpa nirdhAraNa ho ? pahalI "darzana pratimA" ke AdhAra para yA gyArahavIM pratimA ke AdhAra para ho, aura phira jaina darzana meM ina pratimAoM se pRthaka sAmAnyataH jainadharma ke pakSadhara ko bhI pAkSika zrAvaka kahA hai| ataH aise zrAvaka ke AdhAra para nirNIta zramaNa ke svarUpa kI kyA saMgati hAMgI 2 eka sUphI kathA pracalita hai ki eka bAlaka bAga se gujarA,usane phala-phUla tAr3e yahA~ taka vRkSabhI tor3a DAle, parantu bAgavAna ne kucha bhI na khaa| usake pIche hI eka saMta gujarA, usana AvazyakatAvaza eka mAmUlI pattA tor3a ddaalaa| bAgavAna ne use pakar3a liyaa| saMta ne kahA ki kucha samaya pUrva eka bAlaka gujarA, usane sArA bAga hI tahasa-nahasa kara diyA usase kucha bhI nahIM kahA, maiMne mAtra eka pattA vaha bhI apanI AvazyakatAvaza tor3A, to tumane merA hAtha pakar3a liyA, jabaki maiM eka saMta tumhArA pUjanIka aura Adarza bhI huuN| bAgavAna ne kahA, isalie ki tuma mere pUjya evaM Adarza the, maiMne tumhArA hAtha aisA na karane ke lie pkdd'aa| jaba tuma saMta patha meM dIkSita hue the, to tumane Izvara kI sAkSI meM sArvajanika rUpa se yaha pratijJA kI thI ki, maiM jIvana meM kabhI bhI sUkSma jIvoM kI mana vacana kAya se hiMsA ko nahIM karU~gA aura binA AjJA ke apanI ati AvazyakatA kI pUrti bhI nahIM kruuNgaa| isI prakAra se paMca prakAra ke pApoM ke tyAga kI pratijJA lI thii| sAmAnya jana aisA vrata svIkAra nahIM kara pAte haiM, parantu aisA karane ke lie tumheM Adarza/vaMdanIka mAnA thaa| tumane mere bAga kA pattA todd'aa| ataH ekendriya jIva kI hiMsA kI evaM corI kA dApa bhI lagA, mAtra bAta itanI nahIM hai, parantu tumheM dekhakara anya jana bhI aisA karate, kyoMki tuma Adarza puruSa the, aisI sthiti meM mere bAga kA pattA bhI nahIM bctaa| ataH maiMna tumhArA hAtha apanI sarakSA heta pkddaa| bacce ko isa kAraNa se nahIM pakaDA ki vaha nAsamajha hai. mAyA-jAla meM phaMsA huA hai aura to aura vaha kisI kA Adarza bhI nahIM haiM, ataH usane jitanA bAga ujAr3A utanA hI ujar3A, aba nahIM ujar3egA, kyoMki vaha kisI kA Adarza nahIM thaa| usako dekhakara anya vaisA nahIM kreNge| ataH bacce ke dvArA ujAr3A gayA bAga ujar3A nahIM hai, vaha kAlAntara meM pUrvavat ho jaaegaa| Apa ne bhale hI AvazyakatAvaza eka pattA tor3A, parantu kala ApakI AvazyakatAeM bar3hegI aura Apa aisA karate raheMge isase Adarza kI kalpanA hI samApta ho jaaegii| ataH maiMne patita ho rahe Adarza ko saMbhAlA, vyakti ko nahIM, vyaktitva ko pakar3A hai| yaha ghaTanA Aja ke sandarbha meM bhI pUrNataH ghaTita hai| zramaNa kA svarUpa trikAla nirapekSa hai| unake Adarza kI kasauTI anya nahIM, kyoMki ve svayaM meM eka kasauTI hai| sAdhu kI akhaNDa trikAla kasauTI ke saMdarbha meM yadi yaha kahA jAe ki vartamAna meM kAla acchA nahIM hai| ataH aisI dazA meM mAtra veza ko dekhakara vaMdanA kara lenI caahie| aura isa sandarbha meM vartamAna para pUrva muni kI chAyA ko mAnakara pUjane jaisI sthiti meM, svarUpa ke badalAva kI

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96 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA saMbhAvanA karanA bhI galata hai, hameM isa sandarbha meM sUkSmatA se A. somadeva ke bhAvoM ko pahicAnanA hogA -jahA~ ke uddharaNa diye jAte haiM -dekheM "kAle kalau cale citte dehe caannaadikiittke| etaccitraM yadadyApi jinarUpadharAH narAH / / 796 / / yathA pUjyaM jinendrANAM rUpaM lepAdi nirmitam tathA pUrva municchAyA pUjyAH saMprati saMyatAH / / 797 / / upAsakAdhyayana isa zloka kI saMskRti TIkA meM paM.zrI jinadAsa jI zlokArtha ko spaSTa karate haiM ki-"paMcama kAle'pi jaina munayaH viharantIti nigadatti-kAle iti-asminkalau kAle duHkhamAkhye pNcmkaale| cale citte manasi caMcale sti| dehe zarIre ca annAdikITake annam attIti bhakSayatIti annAdI sa cAsau. kITakaH tasmin sti| etaccitram AzcaryaM vidyate yat adyApi jinarUpadhAriNaH narAH vidynte| ayaM paMcamakAlaH zubho nAsti yataH sarve janAH sverAcAraparAyaNAH pAparatA dRshynte| citramapi calaM dharmAcaraNAd petumicchti| deho'pi annAbhilASarataH, tathApi atra bhArata kecana janA jinendramudrAMdhRtvA svaparahitAya ytnt|| 796 / / yatheti-yathA lepAdi nirmitaM kASThapASANa maNyAdiviracitaM jinendrANAM rUpaM jina pratibimbaM puujym| tathA pUrvamunicchAyAH pUrve ye munayaH pUrvamunayasteSAM chAyA yatra tatsadRzA ityarthaH / aSTAviMzatimUlaguNadhAriNaH saMyatAH saMprati asmin kAle pUjyAH mAnyAH / paraM yadi svAcArAt bhraSTA gRhasthavat asatyaM bruvanti, mAnyAn munInapi na mAnayanti ahamapi na temyo hInaH iti ye mnynte| na te namaskAra yogyAH ye ca tAnnamasyanti te tatpApam anumanyamAnA jnyaatvyaaH| ----pUrva municchAyA ityatra chAyAzabdaH alpatvadyotakaH tacca alpatvaM municAritrApekSayA pUrvemunayaH tapasvinaH parISahopasargAn sahamAnA Asan nAdhunA te tathA hIna sNhnndhaaritvaat| parantu hIna saMhanane'pi mUlaguNAnAM pAlanaM bhavatyeva ataH mUlaguNalopAkAriNaH munayaH pUrvamunicchAyA jJAtavyAH / / 797 / / uparyukta saMskRta TIkA kA bhAva hai ki isa paMcama kAla meM bhI vicarate zramaNa eka Azcarya haiM, jabaki manuSya zarIra kA gulAma banA huA hai| yaha paMcama kAla acchA kAla nahIM hai| sabhI apane AcaraNa se hIna haiM tathApi jinendramudrA ko dhAraNa karane vAle haiN| ataH ina vartamAna zramaNoM para pUrvamuniyoM kI chAyA mAnakara arcanA karanA caahie| parantu yahA~ yaha tAtparya nahIM ki hara kisI para pUrva muni kI chAyA mAna lI jAve, apitu jo aTThAisa mUlaguNoM meM sajaga haiM, sacce muni haiM parantu hIna saMhanana hone se eka-eka mAsa ke upavAsa nahIM kara sakate haiN| garmiyoM ke samaya pahAr3oM para jAkara ugra tapasyA nahIM kara sakate haiM, parantu "jJAnadhyAnataporaktaH" haiM aise muniyoM para hI pUrva muniyoM kI pratikRti mAnakara pUjanA caahie|

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zramaNa aura usakA dharma aTThAisa mUlaguNoM kA niSkalaMka pAlana jaina zramaNa kA bAhya lakSaNa hai| aura yahI zramaNa kI parIkSA kA mAdhyama bhI hai| cUMki usake antaraMga mUla arthAt AtmA kI svacchatA ko sAmAnyataH jAnA nahIM jA sakatA hai| ataH aTThAisa mUlaguNa rUpa vyAvahArika guNoM ko hI pramukhatA dI hai| cUMki vandya-vaMdyaka bhAva bhI yathArtha meM vyavahAra kiyA hai| nizcaya naya se to apanI AtmA hI vandha hai aura vahI vaMdyaka bhI, isI kAraNa zramaNa ke bAhya guNoM ko hI pUjya mAnA gayA hai| tabhI to mUlAcAra kI TIkA karate hue vasunandi siddhAntacakravartI ne pRthaka rUpa se mUlaguNoM ko bhI namaskAra kiyA hai - dekheM "mUlaguNa saMyatAnAmayaM namaskAro mUlaguNAn suvizuddhAn saMyatAMzca vanditvA mUlaguNAn kiirtyissyaami|"4 arthAt mUlaguNoM aura suvizuddha arthAt nirmala cAritradhArI saMyatoM ko namaskAra karake maiM mUlaguNoM ko khuuNgaa| yahA~ para mUlaguNoM evaM suvizuddha cAritra ko alaga-alaga namaskAra karane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki, zramaNa kA mUla svarUpa to saptama guNasthAna kI dazA se yukta bhAva hai, jo ki zuddhapariNati meM hotA hai - yahI suvizuddha cAritra hai| parantu jaba ina bhAvoM se cyuta hokara vikalpa kI bhUmikA rUpa chaThaveM guNasthAna meM AtA hai, taba use 28 prakAra taka ke bhAva ho sakate haiM, jo aTThAisa mUlaguNa kahalAte haiN| TIkAkAra kahate haiM ki ye bhAva bhI cUMki zuddha pariNati ke sAtha hote haiM, ataH ye bhI pUjya haiN| isa kAraNa donoM bhAvoM ko zubhopayoga evaM . zuddhopayoga ko namaskAra kiyA hai| __ jainadharma meM antaraMga zuddhatA evaM nagnatA ko mukti kA kAraNa mAnA hai| aura vaha Antarika zuddhatA samyagdarzanajJAnacAritra kI lInatA hai aura moha-rAga-dveSa se riktatA hI usakI nagnatA hai| uparyukta nizcaya- vyavahAra mUlaguNoM kI carcA karate hue jayasenAcArya ne kahA hai ki "tathAhi-nizcayena mUlamAtmA, tasya kevala jJAnAdyanantaguNa mUlaguNAste ca nirvikalpasamAdhirUpeNa paramasAmAyikAbhidhAnena nizcayekavatena mokSabIjabhUtena mokSe jAte sati sarve prakaTA bhavanti / tena kAraNena tadeva sAmAyikaM mUlaguNa vyaktikAraNatvAt nizcayamUlaguNo bhvti| yadA punarnivikalpasamAdhau samartho na bhavatyayaM jIvastadA yathA ko'pi suvarNArthI puruSaH suvarNamalabhamAnastatparyAyAnapi kuNDalAdIn gRhNAti, na ca sarvathA tyAgaM karoti, tathAyaM jIvo'pi nizcaya mUlaguNabhidhAnaparamasamAdhyabhAve chedopasthAnaM cAritraM gRhnnti| chede satyupasthAnaM chedopsthaapnm| athavA chedena vratabhedenopasthApanaM chedopasthApanaM / tacca saMkSepeNa paMcamahAvratarUpaM bhvti| teSAM vratAnAM ca rakSaNArthaM paMcasamityAdibhedena punaraSTAviMzati

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98 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA mUlaguNabhedA bhvnti| arthAt vastutaH AtmA ke kevalajJAnAdi anantaguNa mUlaguNa haiM, aura ve mUlaguNa nirvikalpa samAdhi rUpa parama sAmAyika nAma nizcaya eka vrata rUpa mokSa ke kAraNa hone se mokSa ke hone para sabhI pragaTa hote haiN| ataH vaha sAmAyika mUlaguNa kevalajJAnAdi guNoM kI pragaTatA meM kAraNa hone se sAmAyika ko hI nizcaya se zramaNa kA eka hI mulagaNa kahA gayA hai| parantu jaba vaha zramaNa nirvikalpa samAdhistha kI sAmarthya nahIM rakha pAtA hai taba usakI vahiraMga pravRtti bhI isa prakAra kI hotI hai, ki jisase use antaraMga mUlaguNa rUpa sAmAyika kI ora prerita rakha ske| ataH usakI vahiraMga sarvAMgINa pravRtti 28 prakAra se mUlaguNa ke prati sanmukha hotI hai| kyoMki 28 mUlaguNoM ke dvArA AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa sAdhya hai| 28 mUlaguNa usake yathArtha svarUpa ke niyAmaka nahIM, parantu sAmAyika cyuta zramaNa kI vahiraMga pravRtti 28 mUlaguNoM se hInAdhika nahIM hotI hai| ataH 28 mUlaguNa yaha zramaNa kA yathArtha svarUpa nahIM, apitu sAmAyika cyuta zramaNa kI ye 28 hI gatividhiyAM hotI haiM-yaha trikAla niyama hai| udAharaNArtha -TIkAkAra ne kahA ki jaise suvarNArthI sAkSAta sone ko prApta na kara sakane ke kAraNa vaha vibhinna gahanoM ke rUpa meM sone ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai| yadyapi yaha koI niyama nahIM ki AbhUSaNa kA abhilASI sone kA icchuka hove hI hove, parantu suvarNArthI ko to koI na koI rUpa to sone kA lenA hI par3egA, arthAt AbhUSaNa paryAya kI suvarNa ke sAtha vyApti nahIM, vaha to cA~dI kA bhI AbhUSaNa le sakatA hai| parantu suvarNa kI AbhUSaNAdi paryAyoM ke sAtha vyApti hai ki use koI na koI paryAya grahaNa karanI hI hogii| usI prakAra nantaraMga sAmAyika ke icchuka ko nirantara sAmAyika meM na Thahara sakane ke kAraNa utkRSTa neSkalaMka vahiraMga pravRtti rUpa 28 mUlaguNAtmaka svarUpa ko svIkAranA hI hogA, parantu pahiraMga pravRtti kI antaraMga pravRtti ke sAtha niyAmakatA nahIM hai| mUlaguNa " isa prakAra nizcaya mUlaguNa evaM vyavahAra mUlaguNa kI carcA uparyukta TIkA meM kI hai| vyavahAra se 28 mUlaguNoM ko nimna prakAra se A. kundakunda ne kahA hai ki(1) pA~ca mahAvrata - (1) ahiMsA mahAvrata, (2) satya mahAvrata, ( 3 ) acaurya mahAvrata, (4) parigraha tyAga mahAvrata, (5) brahmacarya mahAvrata (2) pA~ca samiti - (6) IryAsamiti (7) bhASAsamiti (8) eSaNAsamiti (9) AdAna-nikSepaNasamiti ( 10 ) pratiSThApanA samiti pA~ca indriya nirodha - (11) sparzana indriya nirodha (12) rasanendriya nirodha (13) ghrANendriya nirodha (14) cakSu indriya nirodha ( 15 ) karNendriya nirodh| (4) SaDAvazyaka - (16) samatA (17) stuti, (18) vaMdanA ( 19 ) pratikramaNa ( 20 ) pratyAkhyAna (21) vyutsargaH tathA zeSa guNa- ( 22 ) kezaloMca ( 23 ) Acelakya (24) asnAnavrata

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mUlaguNa 99 (25) bhUmizayana (26) adaMtadhAvana (27) khaDe-khaDe bhojana (28) eka bhuktaahaar| mUlaguNoM kI saMkhyA ke vicAra meM, zvetAmbara sampradAya ne 27 mUlaguNa mAne haiM, jo . digambara sampradAya se atyanta bheda rakhate haiN| yadyapi paMcamahAvrata va indrayajaya meM samAnatA bhI hai| ve nimna haiN| (1) prANAtipAta viramaNa (2 ) mRpAvAda viramaNa (3) adattAdAna viramaNa ( 4 ) maithuna viramaNa (5) parigraha viramaNaH (6) zrotra (7) cakSu (8) ghrANa (9) rasanA (10) sparza - ina pA~ca indriyoM kA damana; (11) krodha tyAga (12) mAna tyAga ( 13 ) mAyA tyAga (14) lobha tyAga (15) bhAva satya (16) karaNa satya (17) yoga satya (18) mA (19) virAgatA (20) mana-samAdhAraNatA (21) vacana samAdhAraNatA (22) kAyasamAdhAraNatA (23) jJAna sampannatA (24 ) darzana-sampannatA (25) cAritra sampannatA (26 ) vedanA - adhisahana ( 27 ) maraNAntika adhisahana yahA~ digambara paramparA ke kezaloMca, asnAna, adantadhAvana, nagnatA, sthitabhojana aura ekabhakta, Adi kA ullekha nahIM hai, tathApi isa paramparA ke Agama meM nagnatA ke ullekha pAye jAte haiM, jisakA varNana Age kiyA jaayegaa| jaina zramaNa kI zuddhatA kA mApadaNDa usakI cAritrika zuddhatA se hai na ki kSAyopazamika jJAna ke vikAsa se, isI kAraNa zramaNa ke 28 mUlaguNa bhI usake cAritrika guNoM para hI AdhArita haiN| zramaNa ke ina vyavahAra mUlaguNoM kA svarUpa batalAte hue mUlAcAra meM kahA hai ki "mUlaguNesu"-mUlAni ca tAni guNAzca te mUlaguNAH / mUla zabdo'nekArthe yadyapi vartate tathApi pradhanArtha vartamAnaH parigRhyate / tathA guNA zabdo'pyanekArthe yadyapi vartate tathA pyAcaraNavizeSa vartamAnaH parigRhate / mUlaguNAH pradhAnAnuSThAnAni uttaragUNAdhAra bhUtAni teSu mUlaguNeSu viSayabhUteSu kAraNabhUteSu vA satsu ye / arthAt mUlabhUta jo guNa haiM ve mUlaguNa kahalAte haiN| yadyapi "mUla" zabda aneka artha meM rahatA hai, phira bhI yahA~ para pradhAna artha meM liyA gayA hai| usI prakAra "guNa" zabda bhI yadyapi aneka artha meM vidyamAna hai tathApi yahA~ para AcaraNa vizeSa meM vartamAna artha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| ataH uttaraguNoM ke lie AdhArabhUta pradhAna anuSThAna ko mUlaguNa kahate haiN| ye guNa 28 mUlaguNa aura 34 uttaraguNa jIva ke zubhabhAvAtmaka pariNAma haiN| ina 34 uttaraguNoM ke AdhAra 28 mUlaguNa hI haiN| ataH 28 mUlaguNoM ke nirdoSa pAlane para hI 34 uttaraguNa pala sakate haiN| parantu mUlaguNoM ko chor3akara kevala zeSa uttaraguNoM ke paripAlana meM hI prayatna karane vAle tathA nirantara pUjA

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jaina bhramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA Adi kI icchA rakhane vAle sAdhu kA yaha prayatna mUlaghAtaka hogaa| kAraNa ki, uttaraguNoM meM dRDhatA ina mUlaguNoM ke nimitta se hI prApta hotI hai| ataH yaha usakA prayatna isa prakAra kA hai jisa prakAra ki yuddha meM koI mUrkha subhaTa apane zira kA chedana ko udyata zatru ke anupama prahAra kI paravAha na karake kevala aMguli ke agrabhAva ko khaNDita karane vAle prahAra se hI apanI rakSA kA prayatna karatA hai| 11 100 pravacanasAra gA. 208-209 kI TIkA meM jayasenAcArya ne 28 mUlaguNoM ko saMkSipta karake kahA ki "paMcamahAvrata" hI saMkSipta se mUlaguNa haiM; parantu paMca mahAvrata kI rakSA karane ke lie arthAt niraticAra pAlana ke lie pA~ca samiti Adi ke bheda se 28 mUlaguNa hote #11 12 ina mUlaguNoM kI rakSA ke lie 22 parISaha evaM 12 prakAra kA antaraMga - vahiraMga tapa isa prakAra uttaraguNoM ko pAlanArtha batalAyA hai, aura ina 34 uttaraguNoM kI rakSA ke lie deva, manuSya, tiryaMca evaM acetana kRta 4 prakAra ke upasargoM ko jItanA evaM bAraha prakAra kI anuprekSAoM kA cintana karane ko kahA gayA hai 13 itane guNoM kI pAlanA hone para hI 28 mUlaguNa evaM saMkSipta rUpa se paMcamahAvrata rUpa guNoM kA niraticAra pAlana zramaNa ke saMbhava hai | jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai ki vastutaH pA~ca mahAvrata meM hI zeSa sabhI guNa samAhita kyoMki zramaNa ke mukhyavratoM ko mahAvrata kahA gayA hai| yahA~ para "mahAn " zabda kA "pradhAna" artha hai aura vrata zabda, sAvadyanivRtti rUpa mokSa prApti ke lie nimittabhUta AcaraNa meM AtA hai, arthAt mokSa ke lie jo hiMsAdi pApoM kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, isa kAraNa bhI inheM mahAvrata kahate haiN| mahAvrata zabda kI utpatti meM yaha tathya bhI hai ki, ina vratoM meM sthUla aura sUkSma bhedarUpa sabhI prakAra kI hiMsA, asatya, adattAdAna, abrahmacarya aura parigraha kA pUrNa tyAga hotA hai / isa kAraNa bhI inheM mahAvrata kahate haiN| yogadarzana meM bhI ina mahAvratoM ko svIkArate hue kahA ki ye mahAvrata jAti, deza, kAla aura samaya ke bandhana se rahita sArvabhauma sArvaviSayaka hote haiN| 14 svataH hI mokSa ko prApta karAne vAle hone se ye mahAn vrata mahAvrata kahalAte haiN| ye mahAvrata prANiyoM kI hiMsA kI nivRtti meM kAraNabhUta haiN|' 5 zramaNa ke uparyukta saMkSiptataH paMcamahAvrata evaM vistAra se 28 mUlaguNoM para jainadharma ke pariprekSya meM hI vistRta vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| paMca mahAvrata (1) ahiMsA mahAvrata paMca mahAvratoM meM prathama mahAvrata ahiMsA mahAvrata hai / dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se hone vAlI do prakAra kI hiMsA meM pramAdamUla hai, kyoMki pramAda mUlaka hiMsA ko hI jainadharma meM mukhyataH hiMsA svIkRta kiyA hai| 16 pramAda kA svarUpa A. pUjyapAda ne batalAte hue kahA ki

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mUlaguNa 101 "kuzaleSvAnAdaraH pramAdaH17 arthAt kuzala kAryoM meM anAdara kA bhAva pramAda hai| kuzala arthAt "kau pRthivyAm zalaH brahmaH prabhu yasmin saH kuzalaH" arthAt jo apane brahmasvarUpa AtmA kI prabhutA meM vyApta hai vaha kuzala hai aura yadi spaSTa kaheM to jo parama sAmAyika avasthA meM hai vahI kuzala hai tathA ina kuzala kAryoM ke prati anAdara rUpa pravRtti meM sthita dazA ko pramAda dazA kahate haiN| cUMki isa avasthA meM svarUpastha avasthA kA ghAta hai| ataH pramAda hone se hiMsA kahI gayI hai| nizcaya naya se to zramaNa kI sAmAyika avasthA hI ahiMsA mahAvrata hai; parantu isa dazA meM sthita na hone para isa dazA kI ora sanmukhatA liye hue bhAvayukta parajIvoM kI rakSA rUpa bhAva ko vyavahAra se ahiMsAmahAvrata kahA hai| jo ki vyavahAra se kahe gaye mUlaguNa kA uddezya hai, cUMki yaha vrata zeSa guNoM kA AdhArabhUta hai, ataH isakA ullekha prathama kiyA gayA hai| isa ahiMsA mahAvrata meM, kAya, indriya, guNasthAna, mArgaNA, kula, Ayu aura yoni inameM sabhI jIvoM ko jAnakara ke kAyotsarga Adi meM hiMsA Adi kA tyAga karanA ahiMsA mahAvrata hai| pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa ye kAya haiM, kyoMki pRthvIkAyika jalakAyika, Adi jIva ina kAyoM meM rahate haiN| ataH jaba mahAvratI zramaNa pRthvI kAya se jala kAya meM samparka karegA to usake pUrva vaha apanI picchi se zarIra kA parimArjana karegA, chAyA se dhupa meM Ane ke samparka se pUrva vaha apane zarIra kA parimArjana avazya karatA hai. kyoMki chAyA ke samaya jo jIvANu zarIra se samparka rakhe hue hai, dhUpa ke samaya ve avazya maraNa kreNge| ataH una jIvoM ke prati bhI dayA bhAva evaM viveka ke vaza hokara dhUpa meM praveza ke pUrva sampUrNa zarIra ko picchi se parimArjita karate haiN| isI prakAra se dhupa se chAyA meM jAne para vidhAna hai| usakI aisI vRtti ke abhAva meM isa vrata meM doSa avazyambhAvI hai| sparzana, rasanA ghrANa, cakSu aura kSotra ye pA~ca indriyA~ hai| eka sparzanandriya jinake hai, ve jIva ekendriya kahalAte haiN| sparzana aura rasanA ye do indriyA~ jinake haiM ve dvindriya kahalAte haiN| sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa ye tIna jinake hoM ve trindriya haiN| sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura cakSu ye cAra indriyA~ jinake haiM ve caturindriya haiM, tathA sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra ina paMca indriyoM se yukta ko paMcendriya jIva kahate haiN| guNa zabda se guNasthAna kA grahaNa hotA hai| ye guNasthAna caudaha haiN| jinake dvArA jIva khoje jAte haiM unheM mArgaNA kahate haiM unake caudaha bheda haiN| jAti ke bheda ko kula kahate haiN| baDa, palAza, zaMkha, sIpa, khaTamala, pataMga manuSya ityAdi jAtiyoM ke bheda haiN| sImanta, paTala Adi kI apekSA nArakiyoM meM bheda haiN| bhavanavAsI Adi se devoM meM bheda haiN| ye bheda hI jAti, kula, nAma se kahe jAte haiN| zarIra ke dhAraNa ko Ayu kahate haiN| yaha Ayu deva, manuSya tiryaMca

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA aura pazu gati meM sthiti rahane ke lie kAraNa hai / jIva kI utpatti ke sthAna ko yoni kahate haiN| isake sacitta, acitta, mizra, zIta, uSNa, mizra aura saMvRta, vivRta aura mizra aise nava bheda haiN| ina kAya indriya, guNasthAna, mArgaNA, kula, Ayu, aura yoniyoM meM sabhI jIvoM ko jAnakara athavA inako aura sabhI jIvoM ke svarUpa ko jAnakara hiMsA se virata hotA hai| 1 8 102 jo uparyukta kAya Adi ke Azrita rahane vAle jIvoM ke bheda-prabhedoM ko jAnakara punaH gamana - Agamana, bhojana, zarIra kA hilAnA-DulAnA, saMkocanA, hAtha-paira Adi phailAnA ityAdi prasaMgoM meM jIvoM ke vadha se unako pIDA dene yA kucala dene Adi se jo ghAta hotA hai| vaha hiMsA hai / usakA tyAga hI ahiMsA mahAvrata hai; athavA kAyotsarga Adi kriyAoM ke prasaMga meM sAvadhAnI rakhate hue jIvoM ke vadha kA parihAra karanA ahiMsA vrata mahAvrata hai| 19 isa mahAvrata meM hiMsA kA mana-vacana kAya se pUrNatayA tyAga kara denA hotA hai| tathA isameM sampUrNa Arambha aura parigraha kA tyAga ho jAtA hai / vacanagupti, manogupti, IryAsamiti, AdAna- nikSepaNa samiti aura AlokitapAna bhojana ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM se banAyA gayA ahiMsAvrata sthira hokara utkRSTa mAhAtmya kI prApta karAtA hai|20 ina bhAvanAoM se ahiMsA kI puSTi hotI hai, kyoMki vacana kA nirodha karane se kaThora Adi se hone vAlI hiMsA nahIM hotii| mana kA nirodha hone se durvicAra se hone vAlI hiMsA nahIM hotI / IryA samiti pUrvaka calane se mArga meM calane se hone vAlI hiMsA nahIM hotI / dekhakara upakaraNoM ko grahaNa karane aura dekhakara rakhane se uThAne rakhane meM hone vAlI hiMsA nahIM hotI / dekhakara dina meM khAnapAna karane se bhojana sambandhI hiMsA kA bacAva hotA hai / zramaNa ko itanI kriyAe~ to karanI hI hotI hai| tabhI ahiMsA kA pAlana pUrNataH sambhava hai / 2. satya mahAvrata : rAga-dveSa-moha ke kAraNabhUta asatya vacana tathA parapIDA kAraka satya vacana ko gauNa kara zAstrAnusAra uttama vacana bolanA satya mahAvrata hai / satya mahAvratadhArI muni garhita, sAvadya aura apriya vacanoM se bhI dUra rahatA hai| vaha kabhI bhI karkaza, niSThura Adi bhASA kA prayoga nahIM karatA jisase kisI ko duHkha ho / 21 anekAntAtmaka rUpa vastu kA nirNaya karake syAdvAda aura nayavAda kA prayoga isI vrata ke antargata AtA hai| tatvArtha sUtra meM isa mahAvrata ke pAlane meM sahayogI paMcabhAvanAoM ko batalAyA I "krodha lobha bhIrutva- hAsya pratyAkhyAnAnyanuvIcI bhASaNaM ca paMca" 22 arthAt krodha kA tyAga karanA, lobha kA tyAga karanA, bhaya kA tyAga karanA aura zAstra kI AjJAnusAra nirdopa vacana bolanA ye pA~ca satyavrata kI bhAvanAeM haiN|

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mUlaguNa 103 jagata meM loga krodha se, yA lobha meM yA bhayabhIta hokara yA ha~sI-majAka meM jhUTha bolate haiN| kisI bhI vyakti ke dvArA buddhipUrvaka jhUTha bolane ke ye 4 kAraNa hote haiM, aura yadi cAroM bAteM na bhI hoM to usa viSaya kI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa vyakti jhUTha bolatA hai / ataH ina paMca kAraNoM ke tyAga karane ko kahA gayA hai| isIlie zramaNa ko zAstrAbhyAsa meM anurakta hone ko kahA gayA haiM; tAki usakI ajJAnatA kA nAza ho / zAstroM meM bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para prayojana sAdhane ke lie aneka prakAra kA upadeza diyA hai, use yadi samyagjJAna ke dvArA yathArtha prayojanapUrvaka pahicAne to jIva ke hita-ahita kA nirNaya ho / ataH " syAt " pada kI sApekSatA sahita jo tatva kA nirNaya karatA hai, Agama ke viparIta artha nahIM karatA hai vahI saccA zramaNa hai| zvetAmbarIya Agama AcArAMga sUtra meM bhI isI prakAra kI paMca bhAvanAeM haiM ( 1 ) vaktavyAnurUpa cintana pUrvaka vacana bole ( 2 ) krAMdha kA parityAga kare, ( 3 ) lAbha kA parityAga kare, ( 4 ) bhaya kA parityAga kare (5) hAsya kA parityAga kare | 23 cUrNikAra ne prAcIna paramparA kA kucha bhinna evaM bhinna krama kA, kintu isI Azaya kA pATha prastuta kiyA hai| tadanusAra saMkSepa meM paMca bhAvanAeM nimnataH hai / ( 1 ) hAsya kA parityAga (2) anurUpa cintana pUrvaka bhASaNa (3) krodha kA parityAga (4) lobha kA parityAga ( 5 ) bhaya kA parityAga 124 3. acaurya mahAvrata : grAma, nagara, mArga Adi meM kisI kI girI huyI, bhUlI huyI, rakhI huyI vastu ko svayaM nahIM lenA, 25 dUsaroM ke dvArA saMgrahIta ziSya 26 pustaka, Adi ko bhI na lenA tathA dUsaroM ke dvArA binA dI gayI aisI yogya vastu ko bhI na lenA, cAhe vaha yogya vastu ziSya ke rUpa meM hI kyoM na ho| kyoMki zramaNoM meM pramukha AcArya kA yaha kartavya hai ki yadi koI zramaNa kisI saMgha se AtA hai, aura vaha AcArya usa navAgata zramaNa ko usake AcArya kI AjJA ke binA saMgha meM praveza de detA hai to AcArya ko ziSyAdAna ke rUpa meM corI jaisA mahAn pApa lagatA hai / isa viSaya meM mUlAcAra kI AcAravRti kI nimna paMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM " tathA para ke dravyoM ko ( kSetra vAstu - upakaraNa, chAtra) binA diye hue nahIM leveM para se binA pUche hue kisI vastu ko grahaNa kA tyAga karanA adatta parivarjana vrata hai / aura yaha bhI hai ki apane Atmadravya ko choDakara "paradravya ko apane nahIM karane rUpa jo abhiprAya hai vaha acaurya nAMma kA tRtIya vrata hai| 27 dharmasaMgraha (zve. ) kI TIkA meM adatta ke cAra bheMTa kiye haiM- svAmI ke dvArA adatta, jIva ke dvArA adatta, tIrthaMkara ke dvArA adatta aura guru ke dvArA adatta / jo svAmI ke dvArA nahIM diyA gayA vaha pahalA adatta hai jaise-tRNa, kASTha, vagairaha / jo svAmI ke dvArA diyA gayA bhI ho parantu jIva ke dvArA na diyA gayA ho vaha dUsarA adatta hai jaise- putra kI icchA

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104 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA ke binA mAtA-pitA ke dvArA apanA putra, gurU ko arpita karanA / tIrthaMkara ke dvArA niSiddha vastu ko grahaNa karanA tIsarA adatta hai| aura svAmI ke dvArA diye jAne para bhI guru kI anujJA ke binA lenA caturtha adatta hai| cAroM hI prakAra kA adatta sAdhu ke lie tyAjya 28 isa vrata kI sthiratA ke lie granthoM meM pA~ca prakAra kI bhAvanAoM ke mAdhyama se sthiratA kA vidhAna hai 29 " acauryavratI sAdhu ko nirjana guphA vagairaha meM athavA dUsaroM ke dvArA choDe gaye sthAna meM basanA cAhie / bhikSAoM ke samUha ko athavA bhikSA meM prApta dravya ko bhaikSa kahate haiM usakI zuddhi ke lie sAvadhAna rahanA cAhie arthAt piNDa zuddhi nAmaka adhikAra meM kahe gaye doSoM se bacanA caahie| sAdharmI janoM ke sAtha "yaha merA hai, yaha terA hai" isa taraha kA vivAda nahIM karanA caahie| tathA anya zrAvaka vagairaha ko abhyarthanA se rokanA nahIM cAhie | 30 inhIM bhAvanAoM ko prakArAMtara se bhI kahA gayA hai| "yogya ko grahaNa karane vAlA, svAmI ke dvArA anujJAta ko grahaNa karane vAlA, gRhIta meM bhI asakti ko chor3ane vAlA tathA diye hue meM se bhI prayojana mAtra ko grahaNa karane vAlA sAdhu, paravastu meM sarvathA nirIha hotA hai| tathA bhojanapAna meM aura zarIra meM gRddhatA ko tyAgane vAlA parigraha se dUra rahane vAlA aura zarIra tathA AtmA ke bheda ko jAnane vAlA sAdhu para-vastu meM nirIha hotA hai|' +31 " granthakAra paM. AzAdhara ne pahale acauryavrata kI bhAvanA tatvArtha sUtra ke anusAra kahI thI / anya granthoM meM anya prakAra se pA~ca bhAvanAeM batalAyI hai| AcAra zAstra ke pratipAdita mArga ke anusAra yogya jJAnAdi ke upakaraNoM kI yAcanA karanA pahalI bhAvanA hai| aura usake svAmI kI anujJA se grahaNa karanA dUsarI bhAvanA hai| gocarI ke samaya gRhasvAmI ke dvArA anujJA na milane para usake ghara meM praveza na karanA tIsarI bhAvanA hai| svAmI kI anujJA se gRhIta yogya vastu meM bhI Asakti na honA caturtha bhAvanA hai| svAmI ke dvArA diya jAne para bhI prayojanamAtra grahaNa karanA pA~cavI bhAvanA hai 82 (1) praznavyAkaraNa sUtra (zve. ) ke anusAra pA~ca bhAvanAe~ isI prakAra kI haiM viviktavAsa (2) anujJAta saMstAra grahaNa ( 3 ) zayyA parikarmavarjana (4) anujJAta bhaktAdi bhojana ( 5 ) sAdharmiko meM vinaya arthAt sabhI vastueM usake svAmiyoM kI aura guru Adi kI anujJApUrvaka hI grAhya hai / -

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mUlaguNa isa prakAra digambara - zvetAmbara ke vibhinna granthoM kA avalokana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki isa adattAdAna mahAvrata ke svarUpa evaM usakI bhAvanAoM meM kucha sAmpradAyika tathyoM ko chor3akara adhikAMzataH samAnatA hI hai| 105 isa taraha isa vrata ke niSkarSa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki cUMki cora ke na dayA hotI hai aura na lajjA na usakI indriyA~ vazIbhUta hotI hai aura na vizvasanIyatA / ataH acaurya mahAvratI zramaNa ko ina sabhI durguNoM se vimukta kahakara 33 nizcayarUpa se paramapada kI prApti batalAte hue AzAdhara jI kahate haiM ki - "yaha samasta jagata zuddha cinmAtra arthAt samasta vikalpoM se atIta avicala caitanya ke sAkSAtkAra meM upayoga lagAne se vimukha ho rahA hai| isa apakAra ke ahaMkAra se garvita hokara lobha apanI bhujAeM ThoMka kara aTThahAsa. karatA hai| aise tInoM lokoM ko jItane vAle usa lobha ko bhI jItakara jo parAye dhana ko viSTA ke tulya aura mahApApa rUpI viSa kA srota mAnate haiM, aura apanI mahattA se AkAza ke mada ko chinna-bhinna karake lakSmI ko apanI dAsI banA lete haiM / ve santoSa rUpI rasAyana ke vyasanI sAdhu sadA jIvita raheM arthAt dayA, indriya saMyama aura tyAgarUpa bhAva prANoM ko dhAraNa kareM 134 4. brahmacarya mahAvrata : jJAnadarzana rUpa se jo vRddhi ko prApta ho vaha brahma kahalAtA hai| yahA~ jIva ko brahma kahA gayA hai| apane aura para ke deha se Asakti choDakara zuddha jJAna- darzanAdika svabhAva rUpa AtmA meM jo pravRtti karatA hai vaha brahmacaryavratI hai / vaha daza prakAra ke abrahma kA tyAga karatA hai - strI viSayAbhilASA, vIrya vimocana, saMsakta dravya sevana, indriyAvalokana, strI satkAra, sva zarIra saMskAra, atIta bhogoM kA smaraNa, anAgata bhogoM kI kAmanA aura iSTa viSaya sevana 135 brahmacarya mahAvratI zramaNa ina dasa prakAra ke abrahma kA tyAga karate hue "tIna prakAra kI striyoM ko aura unake citra ko mAtA- pitA, putrI aura bahina ke samAna dekhakara jo strIkathA Adi se nivRtti hai vaha tIna loka meM pUjya brahmacarya vrata kahalAtA hai| 36 AcArya vasunandi ne kahA ki- "vRddhA, bAlA, yuvatI ke bheda se tIna prakAra kI striyoM ko mAtA, putrI aura bahina ke samAna samyak prakAra se samajhakara tathA citra lepa Adi bhedoM meM bane striyoM ke pratibimba ko evaM deva manuSya aura tiryaMca sambandhI striyoM ke rUpa dekhakara unase virakta honA, striyoM ke komala vacana, unakA mRdusparza, unake rUpa kA avalokana, unake nRtya gIta, hAsya kaTAkSa, nirIkSaNa Adi meM anurAga kA tyAga karanA, strI kathAdi nivRtti kA artha hai|37 strI paryAya tInoM gatiyoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| ataH strI ke mUla rUpa se 3 bheda kiye gaye haiN| devoM meM yadyapi bAla, vRddha aura yuvatI kA bheda nahIM hotA, tathApi vikriyA se yaha bheda sambhava ho sakatA hai| ina tInoM prakAra kI striyoM ke bAla, vRddha aura yauvana kI apekSA

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106 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA avasthAeM hotI hai| isa prakAra se 9 bheda hue| nau prakAra ke bhadoM meM mana-vacana-kAya se guNA karane para 27 bheda evaM 27 ko kRta, kArita, anumodanA se guNA karane para 81 bheda hote haiN| phira 81 ko cetana aura acetana do bhedoM se guNA kara diyA jAe to 162 bheda prApta hote haiN| acetana kA vikalpa kASTha, pASANa Adi kI pratimAoM evaM citroM se saMbhava hai| isa prakAra brahmacarya vrata nava prakAra kA, ikyAsI evaM 162 prakAra kA hotA hai| uparyukta brahmacarya mahAvrata ko niraticAra pAlane ke lie, pA~ca prakAra kI bhAvanAoM pUrvaka striyoM Adi meM rAga ko paidA karane vAlI kathAoM ke sunane kA tyAga, unake manohara aMgoM ko dekhane kA tyAga, pUrva bhogoM ke smaraNa kA tyAga, gariSTha aura iSTa rasa kA tyAga, tathA apane zarIra ke saMskAra kA tyAga-ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM se brahmacarya kA pAlana kiyA jA sakatA hai|38 bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM brahmacarya ke tyAga kI carcA karate hue kahA ki, abrahma ke tyAga meM tatpara sAdhu, kastUrI Adi gaMdha, cAra prakAra kI mAlA, kAlAgurU Adi dhUpa, mukha ko suvAsita karane vAle jAti phala Adi athavA aneka sugandhita dravyoM kA mizraNa hAthoM se zarIra kI mAliza, pairoM se zarIra ko dabavAnA Adi kArya brahmacarya ke ghAtaka evaM hiMsA paraka hone se chor3a detA hai / 39 zramaNa aura mahilA varga vyavahAra : jainadharma ke zramaNAcAra prarupaka sAhitya meM zramaNa ko AryikA se bhI phira cAhe vaha kitanI hI tapasvI hI kyoM na ho, usase bhI dUra rahane kA vidhAna milatA hai| jainAcArya yaha bhalI-bhAMti jAnate the ki sparzana indriya ke viSaya se virakti atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai| isI kAraNa unhoMne isa prakaraNa ko nirdoSa va lokApavAda rahita banAne ke lie AryikA janoM se bhI dUra rahane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| zramaNa (AcArya) aura AryikA kA bhI vacana vyavahAra atyAvazyaka dhArmika kAryoM taka hI sImita hai| sAmAnya zramaNa ( AcArya, upAdhyAya rahita ) to AryikA se bhI kisI bhI taraha kA vArtAlApa nahIM kara sakatA, sAmAnya mahilAjanoM ke sAtha vArtAlApa ke prazna kA avakAza hI kahA~ zeSa rahatA hai| AcArya/upAdhyAya zramaNa ke yahA~ kucha AryikAeM eka sAtha milakara unake pAsa adhyayana Adi athavA zaMkA-samAdhAna hetu jA sakatI haiM, parantu akele nhiiN| yahA~ bhI navadIkSita AryikA saMbhASaNa nahIM kare, apitu dIkSA jyeSTha AryikA, Amane-sAmane nahIM baiThate hue, thor3A tirache baiThakara adhonata mudrA meM ati vinIta bhAva meM maMda svara se apanI jijJAsA pragaTa kre| AcArya baTTakera kahate haiM ki "taruNa zramaNa kisI bhI taruNI AryikA yA anya kisI strI se kathA vArtAlApa na kre| yadi isakA ullaMghana karegA to AjJA kopa, anavasthA (mUla kA nAza ) mithyAtvArAdhanA, AtmanAza, aura saMyamavirAdhanA, ina pApoM ke

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mUlaguNa 40 kAraNabhUta doSoM se dUSita ho jaaegaa| adhyayana yA zaMkA samAdhAna Adi dhArmika kArya ke lie AryikAeM yA striyA~, yadi zramaNa saMgha ke pAsa Aye to usa samaya zramaNa ko vahA~ akele nahIM ThaharanA cAhie aura binA prayojana vArtAlApa nahIM kare, kadAcit dharmakArya ke prasaMga meM bolanA bhI ThIka hai / 41 107 zramaNoM ke lie AryikAoM kI vasatikA meM bhI Thaharane kA niSedha pada-pada para milatA hai / isa sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko kSaNamAtra kI kriyAeM bhI vahA~ nahIM karanI cAhie, arthAt vahA~ baiThanA, leTanA, svAdhyAya, AhAra, bhikSAgrahaNa, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga, evaM malotsarga Adi kriyAeM bhI na kareM 42 / 1 isa uddharaNa se "mahilAoM ke hAtha se AhAra grahaNa kA niSedha" bhI vicAraNIya ho jAtA hai| ho sakatA hai ki isa para vicAra isa taraha se kiyA jA sakatA hai ki puruSa kI maujUdagI meM, hI AhAra grahaNa kare, yadyapi kucha paurANika ghaTanAeM isake apavAda svarUpa bhI milatI haiN| parantu yaha sambhavataH rAjamArga na ho, kyoMki "vRddha, tapasvI bahuzruta aura janamAnya zramaNa bhI AryAjana se saMparka rakhatA hai, to vaha lokApavAda kA bhAgI bana jAtA hai, phira to jo zramaNa yuvA hai, bahuzrutajJa bhI nahIM hai, aura utkRSTa tapasvI tathA cAritravAna bhI nahIM hai, ve AryAjana ke saMparka se lokApavAda ke bhAgI kyoM nahIM hoNge|' ,43 jisa zramaNAcAra meM AryikA jaisI tapasvinI janoM se bhI saMparka kA niSedha kiyA gayA ho, vahA~ bAlA kanyA, tarUNI, vRddhA, surUpa, kurUpa sabhI prakAra ke strI varga se saMparka kA prazna hI paidA nahIM hotA hai| zramaNAcAra meM AcArya ko apane brahmacarya kI surakSA ke lie AryikA se pA~ca hAtha, upAdhyAya chaha hAtha tathA sAdhu sAta hAtha dUra rahatA hai| cUMki saMyama rUpI ratna kI surakSA to sAdhu ko bhI karanI hai, ataH use dUra rahane kA vidhAna hai| aisI sthiti meM jabaki AryikA se bhI dUra rahane kA nirdeza ho, to sAmAnya mahilA varga se nikaTatA honA asambhava sA hai, vahA~ to kaI hAthoM dUra rahanA hI viveka saMgata lagatA hai, eka mAtra AhAracaryA kI sthiti ko chor3akara aura taba mahilA janoM se caraNa sparza karAne jaisI bAta banatI hI nahIM hai| jisake jIvana meM laukika sadAcAra kA bhI sadbhAva na ho, usase aise vyavahAra kI kalpanA sahaja kI jA sakatI hai / yadi kAI mahilA sAta hAtha se najadIka Akara caraNa sparza kA prayatna karatI hai, to ve sAdhu brahmacaryaM mahAvrata para upasarga mAneMge / anyathA munivrata se bhraSTa haiM hI / kyoMki aisI vRtti strI sparza sukha kI koTi meM AtI hai, aura cUMki strI kA rUpa nirapekSa hotA hai, 44 arthAta mAtA-bahina, lUlI, laMgar3I Ada kisI rUpa meM hI sahI, antataH vaha strI hI hai, aura kAmAndha usameM koI bheda nahIM karatA hai| ataH akAmI unase dUra hI rahatA hai / isa taraha sAdhu, mAtra AryikAoM se hI dUra nahIM rahatA, apitu jina-jina prakaraNoM se vaha paratantra ho sakatA hai, una saba se dUra rahane kA udyama karatA hai| kyoMki bAhyavastu ke

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108 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA nimitta se hone vAlA asaMyama usa vastu ke tyAga se hI sambhava hai|45 uttarAdhyayana meM bhI samAdhi ke bAdhaka aise hI tatvoM ko chor3ane ke lie kahA gayA hai|46 5. parigraha tyAga mahAvrata : parigraha tyAga mahAvrata kA dUsarA nAma AkiMcanya vrata bhI hai, isakA artha hotA hai nirmmtv| ataH mamatva kA yA mUrchA kA tyAga AkiMcanyavrata hai| vastutaH mUrchA kA nAma hI parigraha hai|47 yahI tathya puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| vahA~ kahA hai yA mUchAnAmeyaM vijJAtavyaH parigraho'yamiti / mohodayAdudIrNA mUrchA tu mamatva pariNAmaH / / 48 arthAt "jo yaha mUrchA hai use hI parigraha jAnanA caahie| mohanIya karma ke udaya se hone vAle mamatva pariNAma ko mUrchA kahate haiN| cAritra mohanIya ke bheda lobha ke udaya meM hI parigraha saMjJA hotI hai| isI bAta ko gommaTasAra grantha meM bhI kahA hai ki "upakaraNa ke dekhane se, usake cintana se, mUrchA bhAva hone se aura lobha karma kI udIraNA hone para parigraha kI saMjJA hotI hai|49 pUjyapAda ne "mUrchA parigrahaH" kI TIkA meM, bAhya gAya, bhaisa maNi-muktA Adi cetana-acetana vastuoM ke aura rAga Adi upAdhiyoM ke saMrakSaNa, arjana ke saMskAra rUpa vyApAra ko mUrchA kahA hai| isa para se yaha zaMkA kI gayI ki yadi mUrchA kA nAma parigraha hai taba to bAhya vastu parigraha nahIM kahI jaaegii| kyoMki mUrchA se to Abhyantara kA hI grahaNa hotA hai| isake uttara meM kahA hai-"ukta kathana satya hai, kyoMki pradhAna hone se Abhyantara ko hI parigraha kahA hai| bAhya meM kucha bhI pAsa na hone para bhI "merA yaha hai" isa prakAra saMkalpa karane vAlA parigrahI kahA hai" isa para punaH zaMkA hotI hai ki phira to bAhya parigraha nahIM hI rahA, pratyuttara meM kahA ki bAhya parigraha haiM kyoMki mUrchA kA kAraNa hai| punaH zaMkA ki yadi "yaha merA hai" isa prakAra kA saMkalpa parigraha hai to samyagjJAna Adi bhI parigraha kahalAyeMge kyoMki jaise rAga Adi pariNAma meM mamatva pariNAma parigraha kahA jAtA hai vaise hI samyagjJAnAdika meM bhI mamatvabhAva hotA hai| pratyuttara meM kahA ki jahA~ pramattabhAva kA yoga hai vahIM mUrchA hai| tathA samyagdarzana jJAna cAritra se yukta vyakti apramatta hotA hai, usake moha kA abhAva hone se mUrchA nahIM hai, ataH vaha aparigrahI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jJAna Adi to AtmA kA svabhAva hai use chor3A nahIM jA sakatA, ataH vaha parigraha meM sammilita nahIM hai| kintu rAga Adi to karma ke udaya se hote haiM, ve AtmA ke svabhAva nahIM hai, ataH tyAjya haiN| unameM "yaha mere hai," aisA saMkalpa karanA parigraha hai| yaha saMkalpa saba doSoM kI

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109 mUlaguNa jar3a hai| "yaha merA hai" aisA saMkalpa hone para hI usakI rakSA kA bhAva AtA hai / usameM hiMsA avazya hotI hai| parigraha kI rakSA ke liye va usake upArjana ke lie jhUTha bolatA hai, corI bhI karatA hai / ataH parigraha saba anarthoM kI jar3a hai| aura isako tIna prakAra se kahA gayA hai ( 1 ) jIva se sambandhita, ( 2 ) jIva se asambandhita ( 3 ) aura jIva se utpanna hue, ye tIna prakAra ke parigraha haiN| 51 inakA zakti se tyAga karanA cAhie, aura itara parigraha arthAt zarIra, saMyama upakaraNa picchi- kamaNDalu Adi jJAnopakaraNa pustaka Adi meM nirmama honA cAhie, 52 kyoMki ye anya parigrahoM kI taraha nahIM chor3e jA sakate haiN| zarIra kI sthiti aisI hai ki, nirmama hone para bhI yaha sAtha rahatA hai| yadyapi "jisa zarIra meM dharma ke sAdhaka jIva kA nivAsa hai usa zarIra kI rakSA bar3e Adara ke sAtha karanA caahie| isa prakAra kI zikSA jinAgama kA UparI chilakA hai, aura "deha tyAgane hI yogya hai yaha zikSA jinAgama kA mUla hai / " 53 parantu isakA tyAga nAza karake nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai - aisA karane para to "Atmahanana" kA pApa lagatA hai / picchi kamaNDalu saMyama ke sAdhana haiM, ataH najadIka hote hue bhI inase nirmama rahA jAtA hai| hA~, yadi bhramaNa picchi kA upayoga takiyA, Adi bhoga ke rUpa meM karatA hai, yA mantra-tantra, gaNDA, tAvIja yA AzIrvAda ke rUpa meM bhI karatA hai, to vaha zrAmaNya se cyuta ho zramaNAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra pustakAdi ke hote hue bhI unase nirmama hI rahatA hai I zramaNa antaraMga evaM bahiraMga donoM prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAgI hotA hai| jaise bAhara meM tuSa se veSTita cAvala kA chilakA dUra hue binA andara se zuddha nahIM ho sakatA, vaise hI bAhya parigraha meM Asakta huA jIva abhyantara karmamala ko choDane asamartha hone se antaHzuddha nahIM ho sakatA54 / kintu isakA matalaba yaha nahIM hai ki kevala bAhya parigraha hI choDane yogya hai, yA bAhya parigraha ke choDane se antaraMga parigraha se chuTakArA mila jAtA hai| bAhya parigraha kI taraha antaraMga parigraha bhI choDanA cAhie tathA usake lie sadA prayatnazIla rahanA cAhie / bAhya parigraha chor3a dene para bhI yadi zarIra ke prati bhI mamatva bhAva banA rahA, to zarIra ke nagna rahane para bhI parigraha se chuTakArA nahIM ho sakatA hai 1 Abhyantara parigraha nimna haiM mithyAtva - vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA azraddhAna, strIveda, puruSa veda, napuMsaka veda (strIveda - no kaSAya ke udaya se puruSa meM, puruSaveda- kaSAya ke udaya se strI meM aura napuMsaka veda- nokaSAya ke udaya se donoM meM ramaNa kI abhilASA) hAsya, bhaya, jugupsA, rati, arati, zoka tathA cAra kaSAya ye caudaha antaraMga parigraha haiM evaM kheta, gRha, suvarNAdi, dhAnya gehU~ Adi, kupya vastra Adi bhANDa, dAsa-dAsI, hAthI Adi caupAye, zayyA - Asana ye dasa bAhya parigraha haiN| somadeva ke upAsakAdhyayana meM yAna ko nahIM ginAyA hai aura zayyA

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110 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA tathA Asana ko alaga-alaga ginakara dasa saMkhyA kI pUrti kI hai| __ zvetAmbara sAhitya meM siddhasena gaNi kI tAtparya TIkA meM (7/12) antaraMga parigraha kI saMkhyA to caudaha batalAyI hai, kintu bAhya parigraha kI saMkhyA nahIM btlaayii| unameM se abhyantara parigraha ke caudaha bheda haiM-rAga, dveSa, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, mithyAdarzana, hAsya, rati, arati, bhaya, zoka, jugupsA aura veda / bAhya parigraha vAstu, kSetra, dhana, dhAnya, zayyA, Asana, yAna, kupya, dvipada, tripada, catuSpada aura bhANDa haiN| Abhyantara parigraha meM veda ko eka ginA hai aura rAga-dveSa ko milAkara caudaha saMkhyA pUrNa kI hai| kintu bAhya parigraha ginane se 12 hote haiN| inameM tripada navIna hai jo anyatra nahIM hai| vaise isa paramparA meM 9 bAhya parigraha ginAye hai| yathA- dharma saMgraha kI TIkA meM kahA hai-dhana, dhAnya, kSetra, vAstu rUpya, suvarNa, kuppa, dvipada, catuSpada ye bAhya parigraha haiN| hemacandra ne bhI 9 bAhya parigraha ginAye haiN| uparyukta antaraMga evaM bahiraMga ke bheda se 24 prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga zramaNa ko hotA hai| kyoMki vaha zramaNa dIkSAkAla meM zuddha- buddha eka svabhAva rUpa nija AtmA kA hI grahaNa karane kI pratijJA evaM usakA grahaNa kara cukA hai| apanI AtmA ke alAvA zeSa sabhI 24 parigraha kA tyAga vaha mana-vacana-kAya evaM kRta-kArita-anumodanA se pUrva meM hI kara cukA hai| ina parigrahoM kA tyAga hone se saMsAra bhramaNa kA kAraNabhUta rAga dvayAdi kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, aura rAga dveSAdi kA abhAva hone se saMsaraNa se mukta hone kA patha prazasta ho jAtA hai|58 jaina darzana mUlataH Atma pravRtti pradhAna hai bAhya nivRtti kI mukhyatA nahIM hai / isIlie zramaNa kA mUlaguNa "sAmAyika" bhI pravRtti paraka hai| jaba zramaNa kI sAmAyika avasthA se nivRtti hotI hai taba usakI paradravyoM ke prati kisa prakAra kI pravRtti kA bhAva rahatA hai yaha paMca mahAvratoM kA prANa hai| pA~ca pApoM kA sambandha para dravyoM ke prati mamatva evaM sthiratA se hai, evaM pApoM kI bhI zuruAta sarvaprathama hiMsA se hI hotI hai| isa saMsAra meM sUkSma jantuoM kA ghAta to tIrthaMkara ke zarIra ko chor3akara sabhI ke hotA hai| parantu hiMsA kA sambandha usase nahIM hai| kyoMki jayasenAcArya ne pravacanasAra kI TIkA karate hue kahA ki- "sUkSmajantughAte'pi yAvatAMzane svasthabhAvacalanarupa rAgAdipariNatilakSaNa bhAvahiMsA tAvatAMzena bandho bhavati, na ca pAdasaMghaTTanamAtreNa" tapodhanasya rAgAdipariNatilakSaNabhAva hiMsA nAsti / tataH kAraNAdvandho'pi naastiiti|"59 arthAt sUkSma jantuoM ke ghAta hone para bhI jitane samaya taka svastha bhAva calana rUpa rAgAdi pariNati rahegI arthAt sva AtmA, stha-ThaharanA, apanI AtmA meM Thaharane rUpa bhAva se yA kaheM ki sAmAyika ke bhAva se calana rUpayA Digane para utpanna huyI rAgAdika pravRtti hI bhAva hiMsA hai| yahA~ para "svastha bhAva

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mUlaguNa 111 calana rupa" zabda kA prayoga atyanta mArmika huA hai| hama dainika vyavahAra meM eka dUsaroM ke svAsthya ke bAre meM pUchate haiM ki ApakA svAsthya kaisA hai ? isa loka vyavahAra meM bhI jaina darzana ne hamAre dainika jIvana meM bhI ati AdhyAtmikatA kA svara phUMkA hai| svasthasya bhAvaH svAsthyaH iti arthAt jisameM svasthatA arthAt Atmika sthiratA-rAga dveSAdi kA abhAva ho use svAsthya kahate haiN| dainika vyavahAra meM svAsthya zabda kA pracalana isalie huA ki, hamArI bhAratIya saMskRti jaina saMskati se atyadhika prabhAvita rahI hai| jaina saMskRti adhyAtma pradhAna rahI hai jisase bhArata deza AdhyAtmika pradhAna huaa| santoM kI sAdhanAsthalI bhArata deza hone kI vajaha se pUrvakAla meM paraspara zrAvakagaNa kuzalakSema ke rUpa meM pU~chA karate the ki isa saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI ApakI svarupa sthiratA ke prati udAsInatA to nahIM hai ? ataH paraspara meM Atma paraka bhAva meM svAsthya zabda kA prayoga karate the| yaha mUlataH saMskRta zabda hai| saMskRta devavANI hai arthAt devaloga, sajjana loga jisa bhASA kA prayoga kareM use devavANI kahate haiN| sajjana puruSa viSaya-kaSAya kI vArtA na karake dhArmika vArtA hI zreSTha samajhate haiM, tathA dUsarI tarafa viSaya-kaSAyapradhAna dharma muslima meM isa loka vyavahAra ko bAhya viSaya kI pradhAnatA liya hue "tanadurUstha" zabda kA yoga karate haiN| unake yahA~ zarIra kI zAzvata mAnyatA kI vajaha se. zarIra kI kazalatA pUchane kA bhAva nihita rahatA hai| bhASA-vijJAna kA yaha niyama hai ki vyakti kI Antarika ruci kI chApa vyakti ke dainika vyavahAra evaM usake zabda saMyojana para spaSTa rUpa se par3atI hai| vyakti unhIM zabdoM kA adhikAMzataH prayoga karatA hai, jaisI usakI mAnasika pravRtti rahatI hai| kaThora vyakti kaThora zabdoM kA prayoga evaM sarala vyakti Rju zabdoM kA prayoga adhikAMzataH karatA hai| ataH svastha bhAva calana rUpa meM svarUpa kI jitanI asthiratA hogI, utane aMzoM meM rAga hogA, evaM jitane aMzoM meM rAga utpanna hogA utane aMzoM meM hI pApoM kA baMdha hogA, na ki pairoM ke nIce jIva ke mara jAne mAtra se pApa baMdha jAtA hai| yaha jainadharma kA atyanta mArmika siddhAnta hai| isI kAraNa jayasenAcArya ne "nizcayahiMsArupo'ntaraMgacchedaHsarvathA pratiSedhyaH"60 jaise bhAva vyakta kiye haiN| ___ pA~ca mahAvratoM ke vistRta svarUpa kA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| aba unake mahatva kA samarthana pUrvaka unakI rakSA ke lie rAtribhojana virati nAmaka chaThe aNuvrata kA kathana karate hue yaha batAte haiM ki, uttarottara acchI taraha kiye gaye abhyAsa ke dvArA ina vratoM ke sampUrNa hone para nirvANa rUpa phala kI prApti hotI hai|1 rAtri meM cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga rAtribhojana nivRtti hai evaM use aNuvrata kahA hai| kyoMki jaise hiMsA Adi pApoM kA sarvathA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai usa taraha bhojana kA sarvathA tyAga nahIM kiyA jAtA, kintu kevala rAtri meM hI bhojana kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| dina meM to samaya para bhojana kiyA jAtA hai, ataH use aNuvrata kahA hai, arthAt bhojana kriyA

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112 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA kI AMzikataH nivRtti, ataH yaha vastutaH aNuvrata rUpa mahAvrata hai, evaM gRhasthoM ke lie aNuvrata rUpa aNuvrata hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM jaba isa viSaya se sambandhita mantavya dekhate hai62 to vahA~ kahA hai ki "yadi muni rAtri meM bhikSA ke lie vicaraNa karatA hai to sa jIvoM aura sthAvara jIvoM kA ghAta karatA hai| rAtri ke samaya vaha dAtA ke Ane kA mArga, usake annAdi rakhane kA sthAna, apane khar3e hone ke sthAna, ucchiSTa bhojana ke girane kA sthAna athavA diyA jAne vAlA AhAra yogya hai yA nahIM yaha saba vaha kaise jAna sakatA hai ? jo sUkSmajIva dina meM bhI kaThinatA se dekhe jA sakate haiM, unheM rAtri meM kaise dekhakara unakA bacAva kara sakatA hai? rAtri meM AhAra ke pAtra vagairaha kA zodhana kaise ho sakatA hai? samyak rIti se dekhe binA hI eSaNA-samiti kI AlocanA karane para sAdhu kA satyavrata kaise raha sakatA hai? svAmI ke sone para usake dvArA nahIM diyA gayA AhAra grahaNa karane se corI kA doSa lagatA hai| dina meM kisI pAtra meM AhAra lekara rAtri meM khAne se aparigraha vrata kA lopa hotA hai| kintu rAtribhojana kA hI tyAga karane se pAMcoM hI vrata paripUrNa hote haiN| ataH pA~coM vrata kI rakSA ke lie rAtribhojana nivRtti bhI mahatvapUrNa vrata hai| tatvArtha sUtra ke sAtaveM adhyAya ke prathama sUtra meM hiMsA Adi pA~ca pApoM ke tyAga ko vrata kahA hai| usakI sarvArthasiddhi, tatvArthavArtika Adi TIkAoM meM yaha zaMkA kI gayI hai ki rAtri bhojana viramaNa nAma kA chaThA aNuvrata hai| usako bhI yahA~ kahanA cAhie ? isakA samAdhAna yaha kiyA gayA ki usakA antarbhAva ahiMsAvrata kI AlokitapAna bhojana bhAvanA meM hotA hai| ataH use nahIM kahA hai| tatvArthAdhigama bhASya (zve. ) meM isakI koI carcA nahIM hai| kintu siddhasena gaNi ne usakI TIkA meM isa carcA ko uThAyA hai, jo sarvArthasiddhi va tatvArthavArtika kA hI prabhAva pratIta hotA hai| usameM kahA hai jaise-asatya Adi kA tyAga ahiMsAvrata ke paripAlana ke lie hone se mUlaguNa hai, usI taraha rAtribhojana virati bhI mUlaguNa honA cAhie ? isakA uttara hai ki mahAvratadhArI ke lie hI vaha mUlaguNa hai, kyoMki usake binA mUlaguNa pUrNa nahIM ho skte| ataH ahiMsA Adi mUlaguNoM ke grahaNa meM usakA grahaNa A jAtA hai| tathA jaise rAtribhojana tyAga saba vratoM kA upakArI hai, vaise upavAsa Adi upakArI nahIM hai| ataH mahAvratoM kA vaha mUlaguNa hai, zeSa uttaraguNa hai, kintu aNuvratadhArI kA rAtribhojana tyAga uttaraguNa hai, kyoMki usameM AhAra kA tyAga hotA hai| athavA vaha upavAsa kI hI taraha tapa hai| zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM bhI pA~ca mahAvratoM ke sAtha chaThe rAtribhojana nivRtti kA nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai| kintu usakI svatantra sattA nahIM batalAyI hai|

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mUlaguNa 113 ahiMsA rUpa athavA hiMsA virati Adi pA~ca rUpa samyak cAritra sAvadyayoga se virata sAdhu kA athavA yoga ke lie prayatnazIla sAdhu kA zarIra hai| use utpanna karane ke lie, rakSaNa karane ke lie, aura nirmala karane ke lie mAtA ke tulya hone se Agama ke jJAtA puruSa tIna guptioM aura pA~ca samitiyoM ko mAtA mAnate haiN| isalie vratoM kA pAlana karane vAloM ko iSTa artha kI siddhi ke lie ina ATha pravacana mAtAoM kI ArAdhanA kA nirdeza prApta hai| 63 jaise mAtAeM putroM ke zarIra ko janma detI haiM, unakA pAlana karatI haiM, rAMgAdi hone para zodhana karatI haiM usI taraha gupti aura samitiyA~ muni ke samyak cAritra rUpa zarIra kA janma detI haiM, pAlana karatI haiM aura zuddha karatI haiN| gupti aura samitiyoM ke binA samyak cAritra kI utpatti, rakSA aura nirdoSatA sambhava nahIM hai| isI kAraNa Agama meM inheM ratnatraya rUpa pravacana kI mAtA kahA hai| ataH sAmAyika yA chedopasthApanA cAritra ke ArAdhaka sAdhu ko inakA pAlana sAvadhAnIpUrvaka avazya karanA caahie| inameM pramAdI hone se mahAvrata kI rakSA kI bAta to dUra unakA janma hI saMbhava nahIM hai / gupti kA sAmAnya lakSaNa "gupUrakSaNe" artha meM gupti zabda gop dhAtu se banA hai jisakA artha rakSaNa hai, arthAt jisase saMsAra ke kAraNoM se AtmA kI rakSA hotI hai use gupti kahate haiM / isI artha ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue paM. AzAdhara ne gupti kA sAmAnya lakSaNa diyA hai ki " logoM ke dvArA kI jAne vAlI pUjA, lAbha aura khyAti kI icchA na karane vAle" sAdhu ko samyag darzana Adi ratnatraya svarUpa apanI AtmA ko mithyAdarzana Adi se rakSA karane ke lie pApa yogo kA nigraha karanA cAhie | 64 jaise rAjA ratnoM se arthAt apanI-apanI jAti ke utkRSTa padArthoM se zobhAyamAna nagara kI prAkAra, khAI aura usake bAhara kI kaccI cAradIvArI se rakSA karate haiM, usI taraha vratI ko samyagdarzana Adi ratnoM se zobhita apanI AtmA kI ratnatraya ko naSTa karane vAle upAyoM se manogupti, vacanagupti, aura kAyagupti ke dvArA rakSA karanI cAhie 165 manogupti Adi kA vizeSa lakSaNa : rAgadveSa aura moha ke tyAgarUpa athavA Agama kA vinayapUrvaka abhyAsa aura dharma tathA zukladhyAna rUpa manogupti hai / kaThora Adi vacanoM kA tyAga vacanagupti hai athavA maunarUpa vacana gupti hai| zarIra se mamatva kA tyAga rUpa svabhAva vAlI athavA hiMsA, maithuna aura corI se nivRtti rUpa svabhAva sarvaceSTAoM se nivRtti rUpa vAlI kAya gupti hai / samasta heya-upAdeya ko tatva rUpa se dekhakara jIvana maraNa Adi meM samabuddhi rakhane vAlA sAdhu ina guptioM kA pAlana karate hue jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM meM lipta nahIM hotA / 66

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114 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA guptioM meM lagane vAle aticAramanogupti ke aticAra : ____ AtmA ke rAga-dveSa moha rUpa pariNati, zabda viparItatA, artha viparItatA evaM jJAna viparItatA tathA duSpraNidhAna arthAt Arta-raudra rUpa dhyAna yA dhyAna meM mana na lagAnA ye manogupti ke yathAyogya aticAra haiN|67 vacanagupti ke aticAra : karkaza Adi vacana 'moha aura saMtApa kA kAraNa hone se viSa ke tulya haiN| unako zrotAoM ke prati bolanA aura strI, rAjA, cora aura bhojana viSayaka vikathAoM meM, mArga viruddha kathAoM meM AdarabhAva tathA huMkAra Adi kriyA arthAt huM-huM karanA, khakAranA, hAtha se yA bhrU ke cAlana se izArA karanA ye vacanagupti ke yathAyogya aticAra haiN|68 kAyagupti ke aticAra: __ kAyotsarga sambandhI battIsa doSa- "yaha zarIra merA hai" isa prakAra kI pravRtti, ziva Adi kI pratimA ke sammukha ziva Adi kI ArAdhanA karane jaisI mudrA meM khaDe honA arthAt donoM hAthoM ko joDakara ziva Adi kI pratimA ke abhimukha khar3A honA athavA janasamUha se bhare sthAna meM eka paira se khaDe honA, ye saba kAyotsarga rUpa kAya gupti ke aticAra haiN| tathA jahA~ jIva-jantu, kASTha pASaNa Adi nirmita strI pratimAe~ aura paradhana pracura mAtrA meM ho aise deza meM ayatnAcAra pUrvaka nivAsa ahiMsAdityAga rUpa kAya gupti kA aticAra hai| athavA apadhyAna sahita zarIra ke vyApAra kI nivRtti aceSTA rUpa kAya gupti ke aticAra hai|69 pUrva meM gupti kA lakSaNa mana vacana kAya se jJAnAnanda svabhAvI AtmA kI rakSA karanA hI gupti kA svarUpa batalAyA thaa| parantu aisA zramaNa jo ceSTA rUpI pratihArI ke dvArA mokSamArga kI devI gupti se vahiSkRta kiyA gayA hai, evaM vaha punaH gupti kI ArAdhanA kA avasara prApta karanA cAhatA haiM to use gupti kI sakhI samiti kA Azraya lenA caahie| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaise koI nAyaka kisI nAyikA ko rijhAnA cAhatA hai, kintu avasara nahIM pAtA to vaha usa nAyikA ko apane anukUla karane ke lie usakI sakhiyoM kA sahArA letA hai yahI usake lie zreyaskara hai| usI taraha jo zramaNa gupti kI ArAdhanA karanA cAhatA hai, use samiti kA pAlana karanA cAhie, kyoMki samiti gupti kI sakhI hai| yataH samiti gupti ke svabhAva kA anusaraNa karatI hai| ataH samitiyoM meM guptiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM, kintu guptiyoM meM samitiyA~ nahIM pAyI jAtI haiN| guptiyA~ nivRtti pradhAna hotI haiM aura samitiyA~ pravRtti pradhAna, cUMki 28 mUlaguNa bAhya pravRtti pradhAna hai| ataH samitiyoM ko mUlaguNa meM zAmila kiyA gayA hai na ki guptiyoM ko, jahA~ samitiyoM ko guptioM kI

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mUlaguNa 115 sakhI kahA hai vahA~ guptiyoM ko mokSamArga kI devI kahA hai| isa devI ke vara kI rakSikA hai "cessttaa"| jaise dvAra rakSikA apane svAmI kI avajJA karane vAle ko vahA~ se nikAla detI hai, vaise hI jo muni zArIrika ceSTA karanA cAhatA hai vaha gupti ke dvAra se haTa jAtA hai, kintu zramaNa mokSa kI devI gupti kI ArAdhanA nahIM chodd'taa| ataH zArIrika ceSTA karate hue bhI use samitiyoM kA Alambana lenA par3atA hai| aisI sthiti meM use punaH guptiyoM ke pAlana kA avasara milatA hai| yadi vaha ceSTA karate hue bhI samitiyoM kA pAlana nahIM karatA to vaha guptiyoM kA pAlana nahIM kara sakatA aura taba use mokSa to dUra mokSamArga kI bhI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| kahA bhI hai-"karmoM ke Ane ke dvAra to banda karane meM lIna sAdhu ke tIna guptiyA~ kahI haiM, aura zArIrika ceSTA karane vAle muni ke pA~ca samitiyA~ batalAyI paMca samiti samiti zabda sam aura iti ke mela se banatA hai| "sama" arthAta samyak iti arthAt gati yA pravRtti ko samiti kahate haiM / Agama meM kahe hue krama ke anusAra dayA bhAva pUrvaka gamanAgamana karanA samiti hai| sAdhu ko jIvanayAtrA ke lie pA~ca samiti Avazyaka rUpa se karanI hotI hai| eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAnA, bolanA, bhojana, picchi Adi kA grahaNa-sthApana, aura malamUtra kA tyaag| isa prakAra IryA- samiti, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAnanikSepaNa evaM utsarga ke bheda se samiti pA~ca prakAra kI hotI hai|1 6. IryA samiti : __prAyazcitta Adi zAstroM ke artha ko jAnane vAlA jo muni AtmakalyANa ke sAdhana samyagdarzana Adi aura unake sahAyaka apUrva caityAlaya, samIcIna upAdhyAya Adi kI prApti ke lie apane sthAna se anya sthAna ko jAnA cAhatA hai vaha manuSya, hAthI, ghor3e Adi ke dvArA acchI taraha se rauMde hue aura sUrya kI kiraNoM se prAsuka mArga ke antarmuhUrta bAda Age cAra hAtha jamIna dekhakara dina meM gamana karatA hai, tathA dayA bhAva se prANiyoM kI rakSA karane ke lie sAvadhAnI pUrvaka madhyama gAte se gamana karatA hai usa muni ko IryA samiti hotI hai| 2 tathA jisameM IryA samiti kA pAlana na ho sake aise vAhana, moTara, pAlakI Adi kA jIvana paryanta upayoga nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki aisA karane para IryA samiti kA prayoga nahIM hotA hai, tathA parigraha kA prasaMga hone se zrAmaNya bhaMga hotA hai| AcArya zivArya ne kahA ki "jisakI cakSu durbala ho athavA jisake zrotra durbala ho, jo jaMghAbala se hIna ho athavA vihAra karane meM sakSama na ho use bhakta pratyAkhyAna (samAdhimaraNa ) karanA caahie| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki jaina zramaNa mRtyuparyanta cazmA, kAna ke upakaraNa evaM vAhana Adi kA upayoga nahIM kara sakate haiN| jabaki vartamAna meM cazmA, pAlakI Adi ke upayoga kA pracalana hai, jo jainadharma sammata nahIM hai|

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116 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA AcArya zivArya ne kahA hai ki mArgazuddhi, udyotazuddhi, upayogazuddhi, Alambanazuddhi ina cAra zuddhiyoM ke sAtha gamana karane vAle muni ke sUtrAnusAra IryA samiti Agama meM kahI hai| mArga meM cIMTI Adi sajIvoM kA Adhikya na ho; bIja, aMkura, tRNa, harita vRkSa, kIcar3a Adi kA na honA mArgazuddhi hai| candramA, nakSatra Adi kA prakAza aspaSTa hotA hai, aura dIpaka Adi kA prakAza avyApI hotA hai| ataH sUrya kA spaSTa aura vyApaka prakAza honA udyotazuddhi hai| paira ke rakhane ke sthAna para jIvoM kI rakSA kI bhAvanA honA upayogazuddhi hai| guru, tIrtha, tathA yatioM kI vandanA Adi ke lie yA zAstroM ke apUrva artha grahaNa karane ke lie yA saMyatoM ke yogya kSetra kI khoja ke lie yA vaiyAvRtya karane ke lie yA aniyata AvAsa ke kAraNa svAsthya lAbha ke lie yA zrama para vijaya prApta karane ke lie yA aneka dezoM kI bhASA sIkhane ke lie athavA ziSyoM ke pratibodha ke liye gamana karanA Alambanazuddhi hai| na bahuta jaldI aura na bahuta dhIre calanA, Age cAra hAtha jamIna dekhakara calanA, paira dUra-dUra na rakhanA, bhaya aura Azcarya ko tyAgakara calanA, vilAsapUrNa gati se na calanA, kUdakara na calanA, bhAgakara na calanA, donoM hAtha nIce laTakAkara calanA, nirvikAra, capalatArahita, Upara tathA idhara-udhara dekhakara na calanA, tastRNa (hare patte) se eka hAtha dUra rahakara calanA, pazu-pakSI evaM mRgoM ko bhayabhIta na karate hue calanA, viparIta yoni meM jAne se jIvoM ko utpanna huyI bAdhA ko dUra karane ke lie nirantara picchi se zarIra kA parimArjana karate hue calanA, sAmane se Ate hue manuSyoM se saMghaTTana na karate hue calanA, duSTa gAya, baila, kuttA Adi se bacate hue calanA, mArga meM gire hue bhUsA, tuSa, bhasma, gIlA gobara, tRNoM ke Dhera, jala, patthara, lakar3I kA Tukar3A Adi se bacate hue calanA, corI aura kalaha se dUra rahanA, isa prakAra se gamana karane vAle yati ke IryA samiti hotI hai| dazavaikAlika meM kahA hai ki "Age yuga pramANa bhUmi ko dekhatA huA aura bIja, hariyAlI, prANI, jala tathA sajIva miTTI ko TAlatA huA cle| dUsare mArga ke hote hue gaDaDhe Ubar3a-khAbar3a, bhU-bhAga, TUMTha aura sajala mArga se na jaave| isa prakAra zramaNa IryA samiti kA pAlana karate haiN| 7- bhASA samiti : cugalI, haMsI, kaThoratA, paranindA, apanI prazaMsA aura vikathA Adi ko chor3akara apane aura para ke lie hitarupa vacana bolanA bhASA samiti hai| anagAra dharmAmRta meM anya prakAra se batalAte hue kahA ki karkazA, parUSA, kaTuMbI, niSThurA, parakopinI, chedaMkarA , madhyakRzA, atimAninI, anayaMkarA, aura bhUtahiMsAkarI , ina dasa prakAra kI durbhASA ko choDakara hita, mita, aura asandigdha vacana bolane vAlA sAdhu bhASA samiti kA pAlaka hotA hai|77

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mUlaguNa 117 8- eSaNA samiti : bhojana ke antarAyoM se, aMgAra Adi doSoM se, bhojya vastu sambandhI zaMkA Adi doSoM se tathA udgama aura utpAdana Adi doSoM se rahita, vIra caryA ke dvArA prApta pUya, rudhira Adi doSoM se tathA adhaHkarma nAmaka mahAn hiMsA doSoM se rahita, bhAva se zuddha, apanA aura para kA upakAra karane vAle zarIra kI sthiti ko banAye rakhane meM samartha vidhipUrvaka bhakti ke sAtha brAhmaNa, kSatriya, satzUdra ke dvArA diyA gayA bhojana samaya para zIta uSNa Adi meM samAna bhAva se ucita pramANa meM AhAra lene vAlA tapasvI eSaNA samiti kA pAlaka hotA hai|78 niyamasAra gA. 62 kI TIkA meM padAprabhamaladhArideva ne isa samiti ko aura spaSTa karate hue kahA ki "pratigraha" arthAt "AhAra jala zuddha hai, tiSTha! tiSTha! tiSTha!" aisA kahakara AhAra grahaNa kI prArthanA karane para evaM ucca sthAna, pAda prakSAlana, arcana, praNAma, yogazuddhi ( mana vacana kAyA kI zuddhi) aura bhikSAzuddhi - ina navavidhi se Adara karake, zraddhA, zakti, alubdhatA, bhakti, jJAna, dayA - ina (dAtA) ke sAta guNoM sahita zuddha yogya AcAra vAle upAsaka dvArA diyA gayA (nava koTi se zuddha, prazasta aura prAsuka) bhojana jo parama tapodhana lete haiM, use eSaNA samiti kahate haiN| 9. AdAna nikSepaNa samiti : AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti kA pAlaka sAdhu sthira citta hokara prathama apanI A~khoM se acchI taraha dekhakara phira picchi se sApha karake hI jJAna ke upakaraNa pustakAdi, saMyama kA upakaraNa picchi, zauca kA upakaraNa kamaNDalu Adi ko grahaNa karatA evaM rakhatA hai; rakhana ke pazcAt yadi kitanA hI kAla vyatIta ho gayA ho, to bhI sammUrcchana jIvoM kI utpatti kI saMbhAvanA se punaH usa rakhI huyI pustakAdi kA sAvadhAnI se nirIkSaNa karatA hai| 9 binA dekhe, binA pramArjana kiye pustakAdi kA grahaNa karanA yA rakhanA sahasA nAmaka pahalA doSa hai| binA dekha- pramArjana karake pustakAdi kA grahaNa yA rakhanA, anAbhogita' nAma kA dUsarA doSa hai| dekha karake bhI samyak rIti se pramArjana na karake grahaNa karanA yA rakhanA 'duHpramRSTa' nAmaka tIsarA doSa hai| pahale dekhakara pramArjana kiyA kintu kitanA hI kAla vyatIta ho jAne para punaH yaha dekhe binA hI ki zuddha yA azuddha grahaNa yA nikSepa karanA apratyavekSaNa nAmaka cauthA doSa hai|80 uparyukta cAroM doSoM kA parihAra karane vAle ke AdAnanikSepaNa samiti hotI hai| 10. utsarga samiti : __ zarIra ke malatyAga kA nAma utsarga hai| 'mUlAcAra' meM isa pA~cavIM samiti ko pratiSThApanA samiti se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| yaha samiti, do- indriya Adi jIvoM tathA hare tRNa Adi se rahita, sA~pa kI bAMbI Adi bhaya ke kAraNoM se rahita, vana kI, zmazAna

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118 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA kI Aga se jale hue yA hala ke dvArA aneka bAra khode gaye, athavA Usara bhUmi meM dina ke samaya mala, mUtra, kapha, nAka, bAla, vamana Adi kA tyAga karane vAle muni ke palatI hai| rAtri ke samaya yadi mala-mUtra kI bAdhA ho to dina meM prajJAzramaNa muni ke dvArA acchI taraha dekhe gaye tIna sthAnoM meM se kisI eka zuddhatama sthAna meM ulTe hAtha se acchI taraha dekhakara mUtrAdi kA tyAga karanA utsarga samiti hai| rAtri ke sambandha meM likhA hai - yadi malatyAga zIghra ho jAe, to muni ko guru ke dvArA prAyazcitta nahIM denA cAhie, kyoMki usa doSa meM usakA vaza nahIM thaa|81 __ mUlAcAra' meM isa samiti kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA ki ekAnta, jIva jantu rahita, dUrasthita, maryAdita, vistIrNa aura virodha rahita sthAna meM mala-mUtrAdi kA tyAga karanA pratiSThApanA samiti hai|82 isakI AcAra vRtti TIkA meM spaSTa karate hue kahA ki "jahA~ para asaMyata janoM kA gamanAgamana nahIM hai, aise vijanasthAna ko ekAnta kahate haiN| haritakAya aura trasakAya Adi se rahita jale hue athavA jale ke samAna aise sthaNDila-khule maidAna ko ucita kahate haiM, aise sthAna para hI mala-mUtrAdi kA tyAga karanA caahie| uparyukta vivecana ke anusAra Adhunika kAla meM pracalita phleza Adi meM mala mUtrAdi kA tyAga zramaNa nahIM kara sakate haiM, kyoMki aise sthAna hiMsA ke sthAna haiM, yadi aise sthAna para zramaNa mala mUtrAdi kSepaNa karatA hai to vaha jaina zramaNa nahIM hai| ataH niSkarSa rupa meM ekAnta, acitta, dUra gUDha, vizAla aura virodharahita pradezoM meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka jo mala Adi kA tyAga karatA hai vahI mala-mUtra visarjana ke rUpa meM pratiSThApanA samiti hai| paMca indriya jaya : ___ zramaNa ke lie paMca indriya- jayI batalAyA hai, kyoMki paMcendriya janya sukha kSaNika hone se vinAzaka hai aura atIndriya sukha hI cira sthAyI hai| ataH AcArya yogIndu deva ne usI ke grahaNa kI preraNA karate hue kahA hai ki -ye paMcendriya viSaya kSaNabhaMgura haiM, bArambAra durgati ke duHkha dene vAle haiN| ataH viSayoM kA sevana apane kaMdhe para kulhAr3I kA mAranA jaisA hai, aisA vyAkhyAna jAnakara viSayasukha ko chor3a, vItarAga paramAtma sukha meM Thaharakara nirantara zuddhopayoga kI bhAvanA karanI caahie|84 aisI zuddhopayogI hone kI bhAvanA ke lie jo vidyamAna viSayoM ko chor3atA hai, usakI prazaMsA karate hue punaH yogIndu deva kahate haiM-jo koI jJAnI vidyamAna viSaya ko chor3a detA hai, usakI maiM pUjA karatA hU~ jisakA sira gaMjA hai vaha to daivAdeva muMDA huA hai|85 AcArya yogIndu deva kA yaha kathana laukika paddhati meM vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se kiyA hai| parantu yathArthataH jainadharma meM cakravartI pada ko tyAgakara banA zramaNa evaM eka gaMjA puruSa kI taraha muMDA huA arthAt jisake pAsa kucha bhI nahIM thA aise puruSa ke dvArA zrAmaNyAvasthA

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mUlaguNa 119 svIkAranA, vastutaH ina donoM kI pUjyatA meM athavA U~ca-nIca kA bheda karanA eka mAnasika kSudratA aura eka aparAdha hai, kyoMki yadi cakravartI ne chaha khaNDa kI vibhUti aura usase apane ko adhika mAnanA chor3A arthAt paravastu se apane vyaktitva kI pahicAna kA tyAga kiyA to nirdhana vyakti ne bhI chaha khaNDa ke na hone para utpanna huyI apanI usa hIna bhAvanA ko chodd'aa| ataH donoM ne hI chaha khaNDa ko tyAgA hai| isalie donoM hI samakoTi ke haiN| parantu dekhane kI bAta to yaha hai ki unhoMne grahaNa kyA kiyaa| yadi donoM ne anantAnubandhI, pratyAkhyAna, apratyAkhyAna kaSAyoM ke abhAva meM Atmatatva ko grahaNa kiyA hai, to ve samAna haiN| yahI indriyajaya hai aura yahI yathArtha zrAmaNya dazA hai| yahA~ paMcendriya nirodha kA bheda rUpa se svarUpa prastuta kara rahe haiN| 11. sparzanaindriya nirodha : jIva aura ajIva se utpanna hue evaM kaThora, komala Adi ATha bhedoM se yukta sukha aura duHkha rUpa sparza meM moha rAgAdi nahIM karanA sparzanendriya nirodha hai| 12. rasanA-indriya nirodha : azana Adi se cAra bheda rUpa, paMca rasayukta, prAsuka, nirdoSa, para ke dvArA diye gaye rucikara athavA arucikara AhAra meM lampaTatA kA nahIM honA rasanA indriya nirodha hai| 13. ghrANendriya nirodha : jIva aura ajIva svarUpa sukha aura duHkha rUpa prAkRtika tathA para nimittaka gandha meM jo rAga dveSa kA nahIM karanA hai vaha zramaNa kA ghrANa- indriya nirodha vrata hai| 14. cakSu-indriya nirodha : sacetana aura acetana padArthoM kI kriyA, AkAra aura varNa ke bhedoM meM muni ke jo rAga-dveSa Adi saMga kA tyAga hai vaha cakSu indriya nirodha vrata hai / / 15. karNa indriya nirodha : SaDaja, zrRSabha, gAndhAra Adi zabda aura vINA Adi ajIva se utpanna hue zabda ya sabhI rAgAdi ke nimitta haiM, inakA upabhoga nahIM karanA karNendriya nirodha vrata hai| SaDAvazyaka: roga Adi se pIr3ita hone para bhI indriyoM ke adhIna na hokara muni ke dvArA jo dina-rAta ke kartavya kiye jAte haiM, unheM Avazyaka kahate haiN| jo vazya arthAt indriyoM ke

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120 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA adhIna nahIM hotA hai use avazya kahate haiM, evaM avazya ke karma ko Avazyaka kahate haiN|86 avaza jitendriya zramaNa svasaMvedana zraddhA se yukta AtmA meM niHzaMka avasthAna ke lie SaD Avazyaka karatA hai| ina SaDAvazyakoM ke pAlana karane kA eka mAtra uddezya AtmA meM nizcala sthiti hai| ye Avazyaka kriyAe~ taba taka hI kI jAtI haiM jaba taka ki use zaddha AtmA kI cira sthAyI prApti na ho jAtI hai| 7 ataH ina SaDAvazyakoM kA sAmAnya varNana prastuta hai| vizeSa vivecana caturtha adhyAya meM audhika samAcAra prakaraNa ke antargata kiyA jaaegaa| 16. samatA Avazyaka : jIvana maraNa, lAbha-alAbha meM, saMyoga-viyoga meM, mitra-zatru meM tathA duHkha-sukha meM samabhAva honA samatA hai, ise sAmAyika bhI kahate haiN| trikAla meM vandanA karanA arthAt prAtaH madhyAnha evaM sAyaMkAla meM vidhivat rUpa se kama se kama eka muhurta ( 48 minaTa ) taka sAmAyika hotI hai|88 17. stuti : Rpabha Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma kA kathana aura guNoM kA kIrtana karake unako mana-vacana-kAya pUrvaka namaskAra karanA stuti nAmaka Avazyaka jAnanA caahie| 18. vandanA : arhanta, siddha aura unakI pratimA, tapa meM,zruta yA guNoM meM bar3e guru kA evaM svaguru kA kRtikarmapUrvaka athavA binA kRtikarma ke mana-vacana-kAya pUrvaka praNAma karanA vaMdanA hai| 19. pratikramaNa : ahiMsAdi vratoM meM jA aticAra Adi dopa utpanna hue haiM, unako nindA-gardA pUrvaka zodhana karanA - dUra karanA pratikramaNa hai| 20.yAkhyAna: __mana-vacana-kAya se bhaviSya ke dopoM kA tyAga karanA pratyAkhyAna hai| AhAra- grahaNa karana ke pazcAt guru ke samIpa agale divasa taka cAra prakAra ke AhAra ke tyAga rUpa pratijJA kA pratyAkhyAna kahate haiN| atIta kAla ke dIpa kA nirAkaraNa karanA pratikramaNa hai| anAgata aura vartamAna kAla meM dravyAdi dopa kA parihAra karanA pratyAkhyAna hai| yaha donoM meM antara hai| tapa ke hetu sAvadha yA niravadya vastu kA tyAga karanA hI pratyAkhyAna hai| kintu pratikramaNa doSoM ke

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mUlaguNa 121 nirAkaraNa hetu hI hai| 21. kAyotsarga : daivasika, rAtrika Adi niyama kriyAoM meM Agamakathita pramANa ke dvArA Agama meM kathita kAla para jinendra deva ke guNoM ke cintavana se sahita hote hue zarIra se mamatva kA tyAga karanA kAyotsarga nAma kA Avazyaka hai| ___ ina SaDAvazyakoM kA vistRta vivecana caturtha adhyAya meM pada-vibhAgIka samAcAra prakaraNa ke antargata kiyA jaaegaa| 22. kezaloMca: jaina zramaNa apane sira evaM dAr3hI ke bAla svayaM hAthoM se hI loMca lete haiN| yaha kezaloMca pratikramaNa sahita divasa meM, do-tIna yA cAra mAsa meM uttama, madhyama, jaghanya rUpa loMca upavAsa pUrvaka hI karate haiN|90 isa kezaloMca kA prArambha dIkSAkAla se hI kiyA jAtA hai| zve.ke uttarA. meM kahA hai ki "dIkSA lene vAle sAdhaka ko sarvaprathama apane sabhI vastrAbhUSaNoM kA tyAga karanA par3atA hai| tadanantara apane sira evaM dAr3hI ke bAloM ko donoM muTThiyoM se svayaM ukhAr3anA par3atA hai 1 jise kezaloMca kahate haiN| saMyogavaza yadi kadAcit dIkSArthI dIkSA ke samaya keza rahita ho to koI Avazyaka nahIM, kyoMki 11vIM pratimA vAlA zrAvaka jisane 2 dina pUrva hI bAloM kA loMca kiyA ho, to phira dIkSA ke samaya kezaloMca kA kyA aucitya hogA? parantu sAmAnyataH dIkSA ke samaya keza apane hAtha se ukhAr3ane hI hote haiN| kAraNa ki, isa para se usake AdhyAtmika bala kI tathA zarIra ke prati upekSita bhAva kI parIkSA hotI hai, kyoMki yadi navAgaMtuka zramaNa kA AdhyAtmika vairAgya kama yA dIkSA kI dRDhatA nahIM huyI, to aisA vaha nahIM kara sakatA hai, aura isase jo kisI laukika kAraNavaza dIkSA lete haiM, una para to kama se kama roka laga hI jAtI hai aura isase zithilAcAra bhI panapa nahIM pAtA hai, yadyapi yaha bAta antima taura para nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| . sAmAnyataH 4 mAsa taka kA kezaloMca jaghanya kahA jAtA hai, parantu RSabhadeva Adi ke udAharaNa bhI prApta haiM ki, jinhoMne chaha mAsa kI tapasyA kI avadhi meM kezaloMca nahIM kiyA thaa|pdaapuraann meM inakI dhyAna avasthA kA varNana karate hue kahA ki "indriyoM kI samAna avasthA dhAraNa karane vAle bhagavAna RSabhadeva chaha mAsa taka kAyotsarga se sumerU parvata ke samAna nizcala khar3e rhe| havA se uThI huyI unakI asta- vyasta jaTAeM aisI jAna par3atI thI, mAnoM samIcIna dhyAnarUpI agni se jalate hue karma ke dhUma kI paMktiyAM hoN| 2 zramaNa bAhubalI kA svarUpa bhI isI prakAra kA thaa|dekheN - kandhoM paryanta laTakatI huyI kezarUpI latAoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle ve bAhubalI munirAja aneka kAle saryoM ke samUha ko dhAraNa karane vAle haricandana vRkSa kA anukaraNa kara rahe the| 3 tapasyA kI aisI sthiti hote hue

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122 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA bhI dIkSA kAla meM rAjA RSabhadeva ne bhI apane bar3he hue bAloM kA loMca kiyA thaa|94 bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kezaloMca na karane ke doSa-guNa batalAte hue kahA ki-kezaloMca na karane vAloM ke keza jUM Adi sammUrchana jIvoM ke AdhAra hote haiN| aura ve sammUrcchana jIva zayana Adi meM duSparihAra hote haiN| tathA anyatra se Aye hue kITa Adi dekhe jAte haiN|95 isakI vijayodayA TIkA meM spaSTa karate hue kahA ki jo bAloM meM tela mardana nahIM karatA, sugandhita vastu nahIM lagAtA, unheM pAnI se nahIM dhotA, usake kezoM meM sammaLuna Adi jU paidA hote haiN| sAdhu ke sone para, dhUpa meM jAne para, sira se kisI ke TakarAne para una jIvoM ko bAdhA pahu~catI hai| bAdhA kA artha hai ki bhinna deza, kAla aura svabhAva hone se jIvoM se jIvoM ko bAdhA hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM usa bAdhA ko dUra karanA azakya hotA hai, isa prakAra kezaloMca na karane para ahiMsA mahAvrata nahIM palatA hai| yadi kezaloMca meM keza kartana kA vikalpa nikAlA jAegA to prathama to kartana meM kaicI Adi kI apekSA hone ke kAraNa parAdhIna hai, evaM kartana ke sAdhana mAMgane para dInatA Adi doSa evaM parigraha kA prasaMga prApta hogaa| tathA dvitIya, kartana meM keza-saMskAra Adi kA prasaMga AegA aura nirvikAra dazA prApta nahIM ho skegii| ataH keza kI luMca prakriyA hI sarvottama, sugama evaM sahaja-sAdhana hai| AcArya padAnandi ne bhI isI prakAra ke bhAva vyakta kiye haiN| loMca ke guNoM kA kathana karate hue AcArya zivArya ne kahA ki "loMca karane para sira muNDA ho jAtA hai| muNDanA ke hone para nirvikAratA hotI hai| usase vikAra rahita kriyAzIla hone se pragRhItatara ceSTA hotI hai| isa sandarbha meM vijayodayA TIkA meM prazna kiyA ki "sira- muNDana mukti kA upAya nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha ratnatraya rUpa nahIM hai jaise asatya bolanA, taba isa anupayogI guNa ke kahane se kyA lAbha hai ? isake uttara meM kahA hai ki muNDana hone para nirvikAratA hotI hai| lIlA sahita, gamana, zrRMgAra, kathA, kaTAkSa dvArA nirIkSaNa ye saba vikAra haiM, jo ye saba nahIM karatA vaha nirvikAra hotA hai, aura jisakI ceSTAeM vikAra rahita hotI haiM, vaha ratnatraya meM udyoga karatA hai| evaM ca kezaloMca se AtmA damita hotI hai aura sukha meM Asakta nahIM hotA hai| tathA svAdhInatA, nirdoSatA, aura nirmamatva hotA hai| kezaloMca karane se AtmA kI dharma meM zraddhA pradarzita hotI hai| tathA apane dharma para zraddhA prakAzita karane se dUsare kI bhI dharma zraddhA utpanna hotI hai, aura usameM vRddhi hotI hai| isa taraha upavaMhaNa nAmaka guNa bhI bhAvita hotA hai| loMca se kAyakleza nAmaka ugra tapa hotA hai| tathA dukha sahana karane se anya duHkhoM ko bhI sahana karane meM samartha hotA hai| duHkha sahana karane se azubha karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai|97

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mUlaguNa 123 kezaloMca karane kI vidhi batalAte hue AcArya zivArya kahate haiM ki "zira dAr3hI aura mUMcha ke kezoM kA loca hAtha kI aMguliyoM se karate haiN| dAhine hAtha se prArambha karake bAeM tarapha Avarta rUpa karate haiN|98 yaha kezaloMca karate samaya zira para bhasma (rAkha) lagA lete haiM,99 tAki bAla AsAnI se pakar3a meM A jAve aura yadi ukhADate hue khUna Adi nikale to bhasma khUna ko banda kara sake tathA vaha bhasma jIvANu avarodhaka bhI hotA hai| isa prakAra isa vidhi se kiyA gayA kezaloMca vairAgya, parISaha jaya aura saMyama kA pratIka hai| (zve. ) uttarAdhyayana meM ise kAyakleza tapa ke antargata rakhA gayA hai|100 adInatA, niSparigrahatA, vairAgya aura parISaha kI dRSTi se zramaNoM ko kezaluMcana karanA Avazyaka mAnate hue mUlaguNa meM samAhita kiyA hai|101 23. Acelakya: digambara paramparA meM zramaNa ko nirvastra rahanA Avazyaka hai, aura nirvastra kA sIdhA artha sampUrNa nagna hI mAnA hai| isake binA usake aparigraha aura ahiMsAvata asaMbhava mAne haiN| vastra parigraha haiM aura usakI svacchatA ke lie hiMsA Avazyaka hai, jo karmabandhana kA hI kAraNa hone se kabhI bhI mukti kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatI hai| isI kAraNa isako mUlaguNa meM samAhita kiyA hai| bha. mahAvIra ko isI kAraNa nigaNThanAtaputra kahA gyaa| jaise hAthI ko unmArga meM jAne se rokane ke lie aMkuza Avazyaka hai, vaise hI indriya viSayabhogoM se rokane ke lie parigraha tyAga atyAvazyaka hai| digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAoM meM zramaNoM ke lie dasa prakAra kA kalpa batalAyA hai| kalpa, vyavasthA yA samyak AcAra ko kahate haiN| ina dasa kalpoM kA pAlana zramaNa ko avazya karanA hotA hai| ataH inheM sthita kalpa kahate haiN| ve sthita kalpa nimna prakAra se haiM: (1) acelakapanA (2) uddiSTa kA tyAga (3) vasati karma ke piNDAdika kA tyAga (4) rAjapiNDa kA tyAga (5) kRtikarma (6) mahAvrata (7) puruSa kI jyeSThatA (8) pratikramaNa (9) SaDRtuoM meM eka-eka mahInA ko eka sthAna para rahanA (10) varSAkAla meM cAra mAsa taka eka sthAna para rhnaa| yahA~ para yaha tathya dhyAna dene yogya hai ki ila kalpoM meM mahAvrata ko ginA dene para bhI acelaka kalpa ko pRthak aura sabase prathama ginAyA hai / isase bhI mahAvIra ke acelaka dharma kA samarthana milatA hai|

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA " acelaka" zabda meM cela arthAt vastra to parigraha kA upalakSaNa mAtra hai / ataH acelakatA kA artha to sarva parigraha kA tyAga hI hai| vastra mAtra kA tyAga karane se aura zeSa parigraha rakhane se sAdhu nahIM hotA / ataH yadi Acelakya se vastra mAtra kA hI tyAga kahA hotA to vastra ke sivAya anya parigraha ko grahaNa karane vAlA sAdhu hotA ? lekina aisA nahIM hotA hai / ataH Acelakya kA artha to vastra ko lekara sarva parigraha kA hI tyAga samajhanA caahie| kyoMki parigraha ke lie hI asi, masi, kRSi Adi SaD karma karake manuSya prANiyoM kA ghAta karatA hai / parAye dhana ko grahaNa karane kI icchA se usakA ghAta karatA hai, jhUTha bolatA hai, corI karatA hai, aparimita tRSNA karatA hai, aura maithuna karatA hai| aisA karane para ahiMsA Adi vrata nahIM ho sakate / kintu parigraha kA tyAga karane para ahiMsA Adi vrata sthira rahate haiN| 102 124 tatvArtha sUtra meM jo bAisa parISahoM kI carcA meM zIta, uSNa, macchara, tRNa sparza parISahA ke sahana karane kA ullekha hai vaha bhI acelatA ko hI siddha karatA hai / tathA yaha sUtra bhI acelakatA ko batalAtA hai / - "vastroM kA tyAga kara dene para bhikSu punaH vastra grahaNa nahIM karatA / 1 sadA bhikSu acela hokara jinarUpa ko dhAraNa karatA hai / ( zve. ) dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA hai ki nagna, muNDita aura dIrgha nakha aura romavAle tathA maithuna se virakta sAdhu ko AbhUSaNoM se kyA prayojana hai| 104 isa prakAra acelatA sthiti kalpa 1 03 digambara paramparA meM to acelatA kI pratiSThA hai hI tathA zve. AgamoM meM bhI isako sammAnanIya sthAna milA hai; parantu acela sAdhu zve. paramparA meM abhI taka ke itihAsa meM prAyaH nahIM pAye jAte / hama yaha to pUrva meM hI siddha kara Aye haiM ki 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA Acelakya kA hI upadeza diyA gayA thA / yahA~ para hama AcArAMga ke lokasAra nAmaka pA~cave adhyayana meM cAritra kA varNana hai, vahA~ ke ullekha ko dekhate haiM ki "loka meM jitane parigraha vAle haiM, unakA parigraha alpa ho yA bahuta, sUkSma ho yA sthUla, sacetana ho yA acetana, ve saba ina parigraha vAle gRhasthoM meM hI antarbhUta hote haiN| ina parigraha vAloM ke lie yaha parigraha mahAbhaya kA kAraNa hai, saMsAra kI dazA jAnakara ise chor3o / jo isa parigraha ko jAnatA bhI nahIM hai, use parigraha se hone vAlA mahAbhaya nahIM hotA hai| 105 isa parigraha kA yaha svarUpa batalAte hue acela hone ko hI kahA hai| Age chaThe adhyayana ke dUsare uddezya meM kahA hai ki- "isa prakAra sukhyAta dharmavAlA aura AcAra kA paripAlaka jo muni karmabandha ke kAraNa karmo ko choDakara acela arthAt vastra rahita rahatA thA, usa bhikSu ko yaha cintA nahIM satAtI merA vastra jIrNa ho gayA hai, vastra mAMgUgA, yA jIrNa vastra ko sIne ke lie dhAgA mAMgUgA, aadi-aadi| isa prakAra bhramaNa karate hue usa acela

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mUlaguNa bhikSu ko tRNa sparza hotA hai, ThaMDa lagatI hai, garmI lagatI hai, DAMsa macchara kATate haiM / acelapane meM lAghava mAnatA huA vaha bhikSu paraspara meM aviruddha aneka prakAra ke pariSahoM ko sahatA hai / aisA karane para vaha tapa ko acchI taraha dhAraNa karatA hai| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhavya jIvoM ko jo tRNa sparza Adi kA sahana karanA batalAyA hai use sahana kro| 106 yadyapi acela kA aisA vidhAna hote hue bhI sU. 208-209-220 meM ati apavAda sthiti meM lajjA sahana karane meM asamartha hone para vastra grahaNa batalAyA hai, tathApi yahA~ jhukAva to acela kI tarapha isa ( zve. ) sampradAya ke Adi kAla meM rahA hai / 125 Agamika sAhitya ke viziSTa abhyAsI paM. vecaradAsa jI kA kahanA hai ki " aMgoM meM dIkSita hone vAle muni ke lie mAtra do hI upakaraNa-eka pAtra dUsarA rajoharaNa grahaNa karane kI bAta AtI hai|' 107 mUla Agamika sAhitya se haTakara uttarakAlIna zvetAmbara sAhitya ke Alocana se jJAta hotA hai ki AcArAMga meM yadyapi zIta asahiSNu aura lajjAlu bhikSuoM ke lie jA vastra aura laMgoTI dI gayI thI, usI ne mahAvIra ke acelaka dharma ko kramazaH sacela banA diyA / kAraNavaza bhI dI gayI suvidhA dropadI kA cIra hai, jo mAtra baDhanA hI jAnatI haiM / ThIka aise hI jaba logoM ke mana meM yaha bAta baiTha gayI ki kaThora mArga se jisa lakSya taka pahu~cA jA sakatA, usa lakSya taka pahu~cAne ko apekSAkRta sukhada mArga bhI hai, to kauna vivekI sukhadamArga ko tyAgakara duHkhada mArga se jAnA svIkAra kregaa| kyoMki mArga sAdhya nahIM apitu sAdhana hai| bauddhoM ke yahA~ bhI sAdhuoM ko dI gayI suvidhA kA kisa sImA taka durUpayoga kiyA yaha unake vinaya piTaka grantha meM dekhane ko milatA hai| vahI zvetAmbarIya sampradAya ke zramaNoM meM huA / isa prakAra se jaba mahAvIra ke acelaka dharma kA anuyAyI bhI kramazaH isa prakAra se apanI mUla pahicAna ko choDa baiThA to unake sAmane jvalanta prazna thA ki phira kisa prakAra se ina acelatA ke ullekhoM ko dhUmila kiyA jaae| kyoMki ina ullekhoM ke rahate ve niHzaMka, evaM apanI pravRttioM para pUrNa samarthana prApta nahIM kara sakate the jaisA ki maiMne pUrva meM saMgha- bheda ke prakaraNa meM likhA hai| ataH aisI viSama paristhiti meM khoje gaye upAyoM ko zve. muni kalyANavijaya jI ke hI zabdoM meM dekheM- "AcArAMga ke usa acelakatA pratipAda ullekha ko jinakalpa pratipAdaka karAra diyA jA cukA thA, aura usa samaya ke granthakAra colapaTTaka kI gaNanA sthavira kalpiyoM ke mUla upakaraNoM meM kara cuke the| 108 usa samaya to cola paTTaka ko parigraha na mAnakara isase adhika ko hI parigraha mAnA jAtA rahA thA, kintu thoDA sA parigraha svIkArane kA pariNAma yaha nikalA ki zramaNoM ke kramazaH eka-eka vastra kI vRddhi meM eka bahuta bar3A vastroM kA Dhera hI laga gyaa| ise hI yadi

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126 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA muni kalyANavijaya jI ke zabdoM meM hI dekheM to "pahale prati-prati vyakti eka hI pAtra rakhatA thA, para AryarakSita sUri ne varSAkAla' meM eka mAtraka nAmaka anya pAtra rakhane kI jo AjJA dI, usake phalasvarUpa Age jAkara mAtraka bhI eka avazya dhAraNIya upakaraNa ho gyaa| isI taraha jholI meM bhikSA lAne kA rivAja bhI lagabhaga isI samaya cAlU huA jisake kAraNa pAtra nimittaka upakaraNoM kI vRddhi huyii| pariNAmasvarUpa sthaviroM ke kula 14 upakaraNoM kI vRddhi huyii| jo isa prakAra se hai-(1) pAtra (2) pAtrabandha (3) pAtrasthApana (4) pAtra pramArjanikA (5) paTala (6) rajastrANa (7) gucchaka (8-9 ) do cAdara (10) UnIvastra (11) rajoharaNa (12) mukha vastrikA (13) mAtraka (14) cola pttttk| ye upadhi audhika arthAt sAmAnya mAnI gayI aura Age jAkara isameM jo kucha upakaraNa baDhAye gaye ve aupagrAhika upadhi meM saMstAraka, uttarapaTTaka, daMDAsana aura daMDa ye vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| ye saba upakaraNa Aja bhI zvetAmbara zramaNa meM pAye jAte haiN| baDhatI huyI vastra kI AvazyakatAoM ko aura adhika prAmANikatA dene ke lie acelaka pratipAdaka AcArAMga, sthAnAMga evaM kalpasUtra ke acelaka vAkyoM ko jinakalpa pratipAdaka kahA jAne lagA aura jaba itane se bhI kAma na calA to acelaka kA artha nAgnya jaise spaSTa zabdoM kI vyAkhyAe~ bhI parivartita kI jAne lagI aura parigraha viramaNa meM bhI Abhyantara parigraha ke mamatva ke tyAga para hI jora diyA jAne lagA yahA~ aise kucha sthala prastuta haiM tatvArtha sUtra zvetAmbara sammata pATha meM bhI nAgnya parISaha kA ullekha hai| usakA artha karate hue siddhasena gaNi kahate haiN|109 nAgnya parISaha kA yaha Azaya nahIM hai ki koI upakaraNa hI na rakhA jAe jaise ki digambara sAdhu lete haiN| kintu pravacana meM kahe hue vidhAna ke anusAra nAgnya honA caahie| bIca meM ziSya prazna karatA hai ki dasa prakAra ke kalpa meM Acelakya kalpa bhI to Avazyaka hai, to usakA uttara dete hue gaNI jI kahate haiM-"tumhArA kathana ThIka hai kintu Acelakya jisa prakAra kahA gayA hai usI prakAra karanA caahie| tIrthaMkara jinakalpa eka bhinna hI hai, tIrthaMkara janma se tIna jJAna ke dhArI hote haiM, aura cAritra dhAraNa karane para cAra jJAna ke dhArI hote haiN| ataH unakA pANipAtrI honA aura eka devadUSya dhAraNa karanA yukta hai| kintu sAdhu to unake dvArA upadiSTa AcAra kA pAlana karate haiN| jIrNa, khaNDita aura samasta zarIra ko DhAMkane meM asamartha vastra oDhate haiN| isa prakAra kA vastra rakhate hue bhI ve acelaka hI haiM, jaise nadI utarate samaya zira para kapar3A lapeTe hue manuSya savastra hone para bhI nagna kahalAtA hai, vaise hI guhyapradeza ko DhAMkane ke lie colapaTTa dhAraNa karane vAlA sAdhu bhI nagna hI hai|"

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mUlaguNa 127 ___gaNI jI ne to jinakalpa ko kevala "jinoM" kI hI vastu kahI hai, mAnoM unake anuyAyI dhAraNa kara hI nahIM skte| zAyada gaNI jI ke samaya mAtra colapaTTa hI pracalita ho| paranta adhika vastroM kI paramparA calI to paravartI zramaNoM ne bhI usI ukti kA sahArA lekara apane vRddhiMgata vastroM ko mAnyatA pradAna kii| dazavakAlika meM eka sUtra AyA hai "nagiNasya vA vi muNDasya dIharomanahaMsiNo / mehuNa - uvasaMtaraya ki vibhUsAI kAriaM / / 64 / / isameM kahA hai ki naMge, muMDe hue, dIrgha roma aura dIrgha nakha vAle tathA maithuna se virata sAdhu ko AbhUSaNoM se kyA prayojana hai ? isake "nagiNassa" pada kA artha cUrNikAra ne to nagna hI kiyA hai yathA-nAgiNoM NaggA bhaNNaI" kintu haribhadra110 sUri ne nagna ke upacAra nagna aura nirUpacarita nagna ye do bheda karake kucelavAna sAdhu ko upacarita nagna kahA hai, aura jinakalpa ko nirUpacarita nagna kahA hai| parantu yahA~ yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki dazavaikAlika sUtra meM bhI jinakalpa aura sthavira kalpa kA aisA nirdeza nahIM hai| jaba taka zvetAmbara sampradAya meM alpacela kI paddhati pracalita rahI, taba taka TIkAkAroM111 ko isa acela kA artha alpacela karate hue pAte haiN| kintu jaba sAdhu adhika vastra rakhane lage to acela kA alpacela artha saMgata nahIM rhaa| ataH taba acela112 kA artha kama mUlya vAle vastra kiyA jAne lgaa| yahA~ yadi acela aura nAgnya kA artha alpacela yA alpamUlya cela dhAraNa karanA ho to acela yA nAgnya pariSaha nahIM bana sakatI, kama yA kama mUlya ke vastra dhAraNa karanA sAdhu ke lie parISaha nahIM hai| alpa vastra dhAraNa karane se zIta Rtu meM zIta kI bAdhA ho sakatI hai, DAMsa macchara se bacanA kaThina ho sakatA hai| kintu usake lie to zIta parISaha aura daMsamasaka parISaha ginAI gayI hai| nAgnya parISaha to tabhI saphala hai jaba manuSya yathAjAta rUpa ho usakI kAmendriya nirAvaraNa ho|113 dazavaikAlika sUtra ke chaThaveM adhyayana meM likhA hai jaM vi vattha va pAyaM vA kaMvalaM pAyapuMchaNaM / taM vi saMjamalajjahA dharaMti pariharaMti a / / 19 / / isakA artha karate hue haribhadra sUri ne likhA hai ki "pAtra vagairaha saMyata ke lie hai aura vastra lajjA ke lie hai| vastra binA strI Adi kI upasthiti meM viziSTa zrutAbhyAsa se rahita sAdhu nirlajja ho sakatA hai|" isase yaha spaSTa hai saccA zramaNa mahA-parIpaha

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128 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura rAmIkSA svarUpa hai, aura usake bacane ke lie hI vastra dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| ataH jo savastra hai use nAgnya parISaha nahIM hotii| aura yadi mahAmUlyavAna raMga-biraMge vastra dhAraNa karane vAle bhI nirgrantha zramaNa kahe jAte haiM to sagrantha kise kahA jAegA ? ataH niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jAegA ki parigraha rahita zramaNoM kI dazA nagna hI hotI hai| yadyapi yaha koI niyama nahIM ki jo nagna ho vaha parISaha-jayI ho hI ho; kyoMki aise to pAgala Adi puruSa AdivAsI puruSa evaM pazu Adi bhI nagna hote haiN| unheM bhI zrAmaNya bhAva ko prApta mAnanA pdd'egaa| ataH bAhya se antaraMga kI vyApti nahIM parantu jisake antaraMga meM mahAvairAgya evaM nirgranthatA ke bhAva hoMge vaha nizcita hI bAhara meM bhI mahAvairAgya rUpa nagna hai| ataH antaraMga se bAhara kI vyApti hai| jo puruSa apane svarUpa meM magna hogA use bAhara kI dhotI, pAyajAmA Adi kI gAMTha bA~dhane kI Adata hI kahA~ hogii| ataH vaha to svayaM hI nagna vRtti ko dhAraNa kara legaa| vastutaH zramaNa atIndriya Ananda meM itane jyAdA magna hote haiM ki, bAhya zarIra kI kyA sthiti hai isakA vikalpa hI nahIM rahatA ataH zarIra nagna ho jAtA hai| eka vaijJAnika ArkemiDIja kA prasaMga hai ki use apane kisI sUtra kI khoja nahIM ho pA rahI thI, jisase dina-rAta vaha usake cintana meM rahatA thaa| eka dina nagna snAna karate hue use sUtra kA samAdhAna milA, to vaha usI dazA meM atyanta bhAva vibhora hokara nagna hI sar3akoM para daur3atA huA, dUrastha rAjA ke pAsa phuNcaa| rAjA ne kahA ki tuma nagna ho, pahale kapaDe pahina kara aao| parantu usa vaijJAnika ne eka bhI nahIM sunI, aura jaba apane khoje gaye sUtra ko batalA diyA taba use zarIra ke prati bhI vicAra aayaa| vastutaH yahI sthiti nagna jaina zramaNoM kI hai| ve apane dvArA khoje gaye apane svarUpa kI sattA meM itane lIna rahate haiM, aura usameM itane bhAva vibhora rahate haiM ki bAhya vastrAdika kI cintAe~-unheM pahinanA, sApha karanA, Adi se dUra hokara nirvikAra nagna rahakara vicaraNa karate haiN| aise nirvikAra puruSa ko dekhakara striyA~ kAmAsakta bhI nahIM hotI haiN| vastutaH striyA~ jaba kAmI kI bhApA pahicAnatI haiM, to akAmI kI bhI bhASA jAnakara akAma bhAva ko prApta karatI haiN| ataH saMkSipta niSkarSa meM vastra rahita svarUpa janatA meM vizvAsa paidA karane vAlA hotA hai| viSayoM se hone vAle zArIrika sukha meM anAdara bhAva hotA hai| sarvatra svAdhInatA rahatI hai aura parIpaha ko sahanA hotA hai| ataH Acelakya veSa hI zramaNa kA sarvazreSTha liMga ho sakatA hai| 24. asnAna vrata : __jala se snAna karane se jalakAya aura trasa jIvoM kI virAdhanA hotI hai, tathA zarIra ke prati mamatvabhAva bhI utpanna hotA hai, snAna karane se prANisaMyama evaM indriyasaMyama ina donoM

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mUlaguNa saMyamoM kA ghAta hotA hai| ataH sAdhugaNa donoM prakAra ke saMyama kI rakSA karane ke lie snAna kA tyAga karate haiN| isase kaSAya kA nigraha rUpa indriya saMyama aura jIvoM kI rakSA rUpa prANi saMyama kA pAlana hotA hai| 129 mUlAcAra gA. 31 kI AcAravRtti meM, asnAna vrata meM, ubaTana lagAnA, A~kha meM aMjana DAlanA, garmiyoM ke samaya para mastakAdi meM jala kA chiDakanA, Adi kriyAe~ jo ki zarIra aMga upAMgoM ko sukhakara haiM unakA parityAga karanA snAnAdi varjana batalAyA hai / yathArtha dRSTi se dekhA jAe to snAna ke dvArA zarIra to zuddha nahIM hotA hai, balki jIva hiMsA evaM Arambha Adi hI usase hote haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki zramaNoM ke mUlaguNa meM hI usakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| snAna kA uddezya pavitratA prApta karanA hotA hai| bhramaNa apanI cetanA meM dI zraddhAvanata hote haiM, ataH usako hI pavitra rakhanA cAhate haiM / isI tathya ko udghATita karate hue A. padAnandi ne "snAnASTakam " meM kahA hai ki "citta meM pUrva ke karor3oM bhAvoM meM saMcita hue pApa karma rUpa dhUli ke sambandha se pragaTa hone vAle mithyAtva Adi mala ko naSTa karane vAlI jo viveka buddhi utpanna hotI hai, vahI vAstava meM sAdhuoM kA snAna hai| isase bhinna jo jalakRta snAna hai vaha prANI samUha ko pIDAjanaka hone se pApotpAdaka hai / ataH usase na to dharma sambhava hai aura na hI svabhAva se apavitra zarIra kI pavitratA hI saMbhava hai| 114 isa prakAra se cAritra ke abhilASI muni ke snAna Adi ke na karane se jala, mala, evaM sveda se sarvAMga lipta ho jAne para bhI jo mahAvrata se pavitra hai, vaha asnAna nAmaka vrata atyanta guNarUpa hai evaM do prakAra ke saMyama kI rakSA karane vAlA hai arthAt yahA~ snAnAdi kA varjana karane se muni ke azucipanA nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki unake vratoM se pavitratA mAnI gayI hai 1 25. bhUmi zayana : zramaNa ke aTThAisa mUlaguNoM meM eka bhUmizayana nAmaka mUlaguNa bhI hai| isa mUlaguNa kA bhAva spaSTa hI hai ki bhUmi arthAt jamIna / pRthvI ko bhUmi kahate haiM / isa mUlaguNa kA vizeSa varNana bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM prApta nahIM hotA hai| jamIna para zayana kA kAraNa yaha hai ki isase ahiMsA mahAvrata kA pAlana hotA hai kyoMki yadi pahale se tRNAdika paDe hue hoMge to usake andara vidyamAna jIvoM kA ghAta hogA / ataH usakA niSedha hI kiyA gayA hai / parantu yadi aisA saMbhava na ho sake, (svAsthya Adi kharAba ho, yA sallekhanA kA samaya ho ) to svayaM apane hAtha se bhUmi para bahuta mAmUlI sI ghAsa Adi zuddhi pUrvaka ddaale| vaha bhI apane zarIra pramANa ho / zarIra pramANa kA artha hai ki vaha tRNa Adi zarIra ke barAbara lambAI-cauDAI meM hI mAmUlI bichAyA gayA ho, adhika na ho evaM kATha aura zilApaTTa para

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA bhI vaha zayana kara sakatA hai| mUlAcAra kI AcAra vRtti meM kahA hai 115 tRNAdika svayaM ke dvArA bichAyA gayA ho to usI para zayana kara sakatA hai, anya ke dvArA bichAye gaye tRNa para nahIM zayana kara sakatA hai jaisA ki Ajakala kucha sAdhu karate haiN| jisase bahuta saMyama kA ghAta na ho aisA atyanta alpa tRNa hI grAhya honA cAhie evaM ca tRNa, kATha, zilApaTTa meM se kisI eka kA hI prayoga kara sakatA hai| tRNAdika kA prayoga to vizeSa paristhiti meM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya padmanandi ne to tRNAdika ke prayoga ko durdhyAna kA kAraNa batalAyA hai| unhoMne kahA ki ina digambaroM ke gRhastha ke yogya anya svarNAdika kA grahaNa karanA to bane hI kaise ? unake to zayyA ke lie traNAdi kA grahaNa karanA aMgIkAra karanA bhI duSTadhyAna kA kAraNa pApa kA kAraNa tathA nirgrantha kI hAni kA kAraNa hotA hai evaM lajjAspada hotA hai parantu kyA kareM ? aba jo nirgranthoM ke bhI grahaNa hai so yaha kalikAla kA hI atizaya grahaNa karake praveza huA hai| " 116 130 A. padmanandi ne jisa tRNAdika ko durdhyAna kA kAraNa kaha kara virodha kiyA aura usa tRNa ko paravartI granthakAroM ne prathama to samarthana karate hue AMzika rUpa se apavAda sthiti meM svIkAra kiyaa| parantu vartamAna meM isako pUrNataH svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| maiMne isa mUlaguNa ke eka sarve meM dekhA ki Aja adhikAMza jaina zramaNa zarIra pramANa to kyA eka - eka phiTa taka kI moTAI rUpa meM tRNa ke Upara, sampUrNa zayana kSetra meM dUsaroM ke dvArA bichAye gaye tRNoM para zayana karate haiN| maiMne dekhA ki muni nirvANa sAgara Adi kucha hI isake apavAda haiM, ve tRNacaTAI Adi kA upayoga nahIM karate haiN| jahA~ para strI, purUSa evaM napuMsaka loga na hoveM aura asaMyata janoM ke Ane-jAne saM rahita ho aise gupta ekAnta pradeza sAdhu ke zayana karane ke yogya haiN| vahA~ para daNDa ke samAna zarIra ko karake arthAt daNDAkAra yA dhanuSa ke samAna zayana tathA rAtri ke pichale prahara para kiMcita mAtra hI zayana karanA caahie| yaha bhUmi zayana mUlaguNa svarUpa hai / 26. adaMta dhovana : aMgulI, nakha, dAMtona evaM turA vizeSa ke dvArA patthara yA chAla Adi ke dvArA dA~ta ke mala kA zodhana nahIM karanA yaha saMyama kI rakSA rUpa adanta dhAvana vrata hai tathA isase vItarAgatA kI puSTi evaM prasiddhi hotI hai| 27. ekabhuktAhAra : udaya evaM astakAla meM se tIna-tIna ghaDI se rahita madhyakAla ke eka, do athavA tIna muhUrta kAla meM eka bAra bhojana karanA yaha ekamukta mUlaguNa hai|

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131 mUlaguNa samIkSA 28. sthiti bhojana (khar3e-khar3e bhojana): digambara paramparA meM zramaNa ko khar3e-khar3e hAtha meM hI bhojana karane kA vidhAna hai| khar3e-khar3e bhojana karane kA manovaijJAnika kAraNa yaha hai ki prathama to khar3e-khar3e bhojana karane meM AkaNTha udarapUrti nahIM ho pAtI hai jisase pramAda nahIM hotA hai| dUsarA kAraNa hai ki kadAcit baiThakara AhAra leM to kabhI zreSTha siMhAsana mile taba harSa hoya, aura na mile taba deSa hoya, isa bhAMti rAga dvepa hote saMyama kA abhAva hoy| 17 sthiti bhojana kA tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki "jaba taka khaDe hokara aura apane hAtha ko hI pAtra banAkara unhIM ke dvArA bhojana karane kI sAmarthya rakhatA hU~, tabhI taka bhojana karane meM pravRtti karU~gA, anyathA nhiiN| isa pratijJA kA nirvAha aura indriya saMyama tathA prANi saMyama sAdhana karane ke lie zramaNoM ko sthiti bhojana kA vidhAna hai|118 digambara paramparA meM to yaha caryA adyAvadhi akSuNya hai| parantu zvetAmbara paramparA meM unakI mAnyatAnusAra mahAvIra to sthiti bhojana hI karate the1191 parantu isa paramparA meM baiThakara evaM pAtra meM bhojana karane kI prathA hai| bhagavAna buddha prArambhika kAla meM pANipAtrI evaM sthita bhojana karane vAle the, parantu jaba unheM yaha duSkara lagA to unhoMne navIna dharma calAyA lekina zvetAmbara paramparA itanA na kara sakI aura vaha mahAvIra kI hI anuyAyI banI rhii| sthita hokara AhAra kI vidhi batalAte hue AzAdhara jI kahate haiM ki "hAtha dhokara yadi sthAna para cIMTI Adi calate-phirate dikhAyI deM yA isI prakAra kA koI anya nimitta upasthita ho to sAdhu ko maunapUrvaka dUsare sthAna para cale jAnA caahie| tathA jisa samaya bhojana kareM usI samaya donoM pairoM ke madhya meM cAra aMgula kA antara rakhakara tathA hAthoM kI aMjulI banAkara khaDe hove| jitane samaya taka sAdhu bhojana kare utane samaya taka hI unheM isa vidhi se sthita rahanA caahie|120 samIkSA: pUrvokta kahe zramaNa ke svarUpa meM saMkSipta rUpa meM sAmAyika tathA vistAra rUpa se 28 mUlaguNoM kA eka mAtra uddezya jIva-dayA pUrvaka AtmazAnti prApta karanA rahA hai, jo ki mUlaguNoM ke vivecana se spaSTa hI hotA hai| malagaNoM meM sabase pahile ahiMsA mahAvrata ko rakhane kA bhI yahI kAraNa rahA hai, aura yahI zeSa sabhI mUlaguNoM meM chAyA rahA hai| satyamahAvrata, acaurya aparigraha evaM brahmacarya meM pApoM se viratipUrvaka dUsaroM ke prANoM kI rakSA hI sAdhya hai| isI prakAra paMcaindriya vijaya meM bhI, indriya dvArA paradravyoM meM Asakti aura unakI prApti ke prayatna meM hone vAlI hiMsA se bacane kA uddezya hai| tathA indriyoM ko jItane ke lie kahA,tAki jaba yaha indriyajayI ho jAegA, to phira unakI Asakti meM hone vAlI hiMsA nahIM hogI, tathA AtmasAdhanA sulabha hogii| isI taraha paMca samiti ke mAdhyama se jainAcAryoM ne jIvoM kI sampUrNa jIvana paddhati ko pakar3A hai| saMjJI paMcendriya prANI meM

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA mukhyataH pA~ca pravRttiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM, aura unase hiMsA ke avasara hote haiN| prathama, jIva paidA hotA hai, to vaha calatA hai, bolatA hai, bhASA kA prayoga karatA hai, zakti kA saMcaya hone para zarIra kI pravRtti hotI hai / zarIra kI zakti kA upayoga sAmAnyataH paradravyoM ko hilAne-DulAne, uThAne - dharane meM karatA hai| zarIra meM bhojana grahaNa karAke mAMsa-maMjA - vIrya Adi ke dvArA zakti saMcita hokara avaziSTa sAmagrI bAhara nikalatI hai| yaha eka mAnava kI sampUrNa sAmAnyataH jIvana kriyA hotI hai| yaha prakriyA viveka aura aviveka ina do zailiyoM meM Ayojita hotI hai| zramaNa kI yaha jIvana dazA kisa zailI meM Ayojita ho, isa uddezya kI pUrti hetu yadi bhramaNa ko calane kA vikalpa ho to sUkSma jIvoM taka ko bacAte hue cale; yadi bolane kA vicAra uThe to, vahI evaM utanA hI bole ki jisase jIvoM kA hita ho, apane saMgha ke alAvA gRhastha janoM ko Adeza dene kA use adhikAra hI nahIM hai, isa prakAra vaha hita- mita-priya vacana hI bole, AhAra kA vikalpa ho to yogya, nirdoSa, zuddha bhojana hI kare, vastuoM ko uThAne rakhane kA vikalpa ho to jIva dayA kA vizeSa dhyAna rahe / yahA~ taka ki yadi mala-mUtra tyAga kA bhI vikalpa ho to samucita nirvighna, lokApavAda rahita, ahiMsaka sthAna para hI vaha aisA kreN| 132 1 vastutaH jisa zramaNa ne rAga-dveSa- moha janya apane AtmA kI hiMsA ko bacAyA, aise sacce ahiMsaka ke bAhya pravRtti hI aisI hotI hai| usakI ahorAtra caryA SaDAvazyakoM meM hI Ayojita rahatI hai| isake sAtha anya kArya jaise kezaloMca meM usakI siMha evaM svAbhimAna vRtti Acelakya usake zArIrika pakSa para bhI utkRSTa udAsInatA, nirvikAratA kI carama sthiti usake Adarza pariNAmoM kI mUrti evaM viziSTa vizvasanIyatA kA AdhAra hai| asnAnavrata, zarIra ke zrRMgAra kI anAvazyakatA kI paricAyaka, aura Atmika zrRMgAra evaM pavitratA kI prasiddhi; bhUmi zayana, aparigraha, brahmacarya meM indriya dama kI dRSTi tathA adaMta dhovana, eka bhuktAhAra, sthiti bhojana bhI utkRSTa tapa tathA zarIra ke prati anaikAntika dRSTikoNa kI paricAyaka hai| kyoMki bhojana karate haiM aura nahIM bhI karate haiN| bhojana karate to isalie haiM ki zarIra kI sthiti banI rahe, parantu ati alpa karate haiM, ataH bhojana nahIM bhI karate haiN| isa prakAra unake 28 mUlaguNa ahiMsA evaM aparigraha ke irda-girda hI Thaharate haiM, athavA kaheM parama sAmAyika ke sahacara haiM / antaraMga parama sAmAyika ke hone para bahiraMga zuddhi hotI hI hai, kintu bahiraMga jIvoM ke dayA meM pramAda evaM parigraha kI abhilASA meM nirmala zuddhAtmAnubhUti rUpa zuddhi nahIM hotI hai| vizeSa prakAra ke vairAgya pUrvaka parigraha kA tyAga hotA hai taba hI citta zuddhi hotI hai| lekina yadi khyAti - pUjA-svarga ityAdika bhoga sAmagrI ke lAbha kI abhilASA ke kAraNa bahiraMga zramaNa dazA dhAraNa hone se citta zuddhi nahIM hotI hai; taba to vaha vezI hai muni nhiiN| ataH aisI dazA meM usake 28 mUlaguNa eka svAMga mAtra hai citta zuddhi pUrvaka kiyA gayA bAhyAcaraNa hI 28 mUlaguNa kI AtmA hai| 121

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zramaNa dIkSA kI pAtratA 133 yahA~ yaha jJAta honA cAhie ki jainadharma meM ina 28 mUlaguNoM ko hInAdhika na hone kI bAta bhI kahI hai,122 arthAt ina 28 mUlaguNoM meM yadi eka guNa bhI kama hogA to vaha jaina zramaNa nahIM hai| isakA bhAva itanA mAtra hai ki ina kriyAoM ko viparIta rUpa se karatA hai to vaha saMyama bhraSTa hai| uparyukta kriyA meM se kisI-kisI meM pravRtti hI na ho to zrAmaNya meM dUSaNa nahIM hai| jaise samiti svarUpa meM dekheM ki yadi zramaNa cale to IryA-samiti ke pAlana kA prazna uThegA aura yadi vaha kucha dina/mAsa cale hI nahIM to usake IryA- samiti Adi na hone se IryA samiti kA pAlaka samajhA jAe ? jaise ki bAhubalI tapasyA hetu eka varSa taka khaDe rahe, to unake pA~coM samiti nahIM huyii| AhAra hI nahIM kiyA to eka bhuktAhAra kaise saMbhava ? aura sthiti bhojana kaise rahA ? khule meM rahane se asnAnavrata kaise rahA, zayana hI nahIM to bhUmizayana kaise ? vratoM meM aticAra na lagane se AlocanAdika kaise ? jabaki ve sacce zramaNa the| isI prakAra anya anekoM zramaNoM ke sAtha saMgata baiThatA hai| ataH niSkarSa rUpa meM 28 mUlaguNoM ke hInAdhika na hone ke nirdeza kA bhAvArtha yahI hai ki, yadi vaha koI bhI bAhya kriyA karegA to vaha 28 mUlaguNa kI sImA kA atikramaNa nahIM kregaa| 28 mUlaguNa zramaNa ke zubha bhAvoM kA mApadaNDa hai| ataH isa koTi ke zubha bhAvoM jaisA hI usakA jIvana hogaa| zramaNa kI vikalpAtmaka bhUmikA meM ye mUlaguNa AcaraNIya haiM, dhyAnAvasthA meM inakA sthAna nahIM hai| isI kAraNa zramaNa bAhubalI eka varSa taka tapa karate rahe, kezaloMca na karane evaM khule meM rahane se pAnI par3ane para bhI snAna-janya pApa ke bhAgI nahIM hue| parantu isa AdhAra para varSAt meM buddhi pUrvaka pAnI meM khar3e hokara snAna kI pUrti nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadi zramaNa ko bAhya kriyA kA koI vikalpa hogA to vaha 28 mUlaguNoM kI paridhi meM hI hogA, na hI usa paridhi kA ullaMghana hogA aura na hI saMkocana-yahI mUlaguNoM kA svarUpa hai| zramaNa dIkSA kI pAtratA : __ jagat meM pratyeka kArya kI sampannatA ke lie kAryavAhaka ko usa kArya meM dIkSita hone ke lie kucha na kucha pAtratA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| kArya koI na koI AdhAra ko liye hue hI hotA hai, binA AdhAra ke koI kArya sampanna nahIM hotA hai| usI prakAra zramaNa caryA meM dIkSita hone ke lie usake yogya AdhAra kI atyanta AvazyakatA hotI hai| jaise siMhanI kA dUdha svarNa ke pAtra meM hI TikatA hai, usI prakAra zramaNa dIkSA kA bhI AdhAra utkRSTa zubhabhAvAtmaka sadAcAramaya jIvana hotA hai| sAtha hI dIkSA liye jA rahe pada kI pUrNataH jAnakArI honA bhI Avazyaka hai, yaha hI rAjamArga hai| isIlie maiMne zramaNa ke svarUpa vivecana meM prathama 28 mUlaguNoM para vistRta vicAra kiyA, tatpazcAt hI dIkSA kI pAtratA kA vivecana kara rahA huuN| zramaNa kA svarUpa samajhe binA evaM usakI pAtratA kA jJAna kiye binA dhAraNa kI gayI zramaNa caryA samyak evaM cirasthAyI nahIM hotI hai| tabhI to rAjA RSabhadeva ke sAtha dIkSita hue 4 hajAra rAjAoM ne dIkSA kA svarUpa samajhe binA evaM apanI sAmarthya evaM pariNAma kI taula kiye binA hI dIkSita hone para punaH bhraSTa hokara unmArgI bne| ataH

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134 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA zramaNa dIkSA ke pUrva usakA svarUpa samajhanA bhI atyanta Avazyaka hai|vstutH dIkSA lenA AsAna hai, bhAvukatA meM Akara koI bhI vyakti dIkSA le sakatA hai, parantu usakA yathArtha nirvAha saba kisI se nahIM ho sakatA hai|123 tantravArtika meM dIkSA zabda kI vyuppatti paraka ati sundara artha kiyA hai "dIyate jJAnasadbhAvaH kSIyate pshubndhnm| dAna-kSapaNa-sAmarthyAda dIkSA sA kathitAbudhaiH / / arthAt dIkSA kA Adya akSara jJAnasadbhAva dAna paraka hai tathA antya akSara pazubandhana janma- bandhana ke kSaya kA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra dAna aura kSapaNa ke sAmarthya se yukta vidhi ko dIkSA kahate haiN| dIkSA kI pAtratA ke sambandha meM A. vIranandi ne AcArasAra meM spaSTa karate hue kahA ki,prathama to jisane sAMsArika indriya janya bhoga ko heya evaM unako Atmika guNoM kA ghAtaka hone kA vicAra kiyA hai tathA saMsAra zarIra aura bhogoM se utpanna huyI kleza rUpI agni se jisakA hRdaya santapta hai jo akSaya, avinAzI padaspI amRtAnanda kA anveSaNa karane kA icchuka hai, jinavANI ke zravaNa Adi guNoM se jisakI buddhi pavitra ho gayI hai, zreSTha bhavyatA kA jo bhUSaNa hai, jisane anya mithyAdRSTiyoM kathita cAritra ke dUSaNa ko jAna liyA hai| tadanantara rAga dveSa se utpanna saMsAra rUpI kArAgRha se bhIrU, zUdravarNa se rahita, brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya varNa vAlA, akhaNDita aMgayukta, rAjA aura loka se aviruddha, pArivArika janoM se anumati liyA huA vaha bhavya, AcAryavara ke samIpa jAkara dIkSArtha nivedana karatA hai|124 ___ A. vIranandi ke uparyukta aMza ke AdhAra para yaha to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki, zramaNa-dIkSA ke lie samucita pAtratA atyanta apekSita hai, aura ve pAtratAeM aneka spoM meM pAyI jAtI haiN| jinakA vibhAjana hama nimna prakAra se kara sakate haiN| 1. saMsArika viSayoM kI tucchatA anubhava karate hue utkRSTa yathArtha vairAgya kA dhAraka ho| 2. satyAnveSiNI buddhipUrvaka tatvoM ke heya-jJeya-upAdeya rUpa se AtmahitakArI tatvoM kA nirNaya kara liyA ho| 3. jinavANI ke zravaNa se jisakI buddhi pavitra ho gayI ho| 4. mithyAdRSTiyoM dvArA kathita cAritrika dUSaNa kA bhI parijJAna ho| 5. kula se zreSTha, paripUrNa aMgavAlA evaM lokaviruddha kAryoM se dUra ho| 6. pArivArika janoM ko sUcita karake AyA ho|

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zramaNa dIkSA kI pAtratA 135 pAtratA ke uparyukta SaDAdhAroM kI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| jainadharma meM dIkSA ke prasaMga adhikAMzataH pUrva meM saMcita jJAna vairAgya kA prabala pravAha tathA sAtha hI daivAt kisI zramaNa kA saMyoga evaM unase dharma zravaNa aura phira dIkSita, athavA vairAgya kI maMdagati meM jaba mRtyu yA saMsAra kI kSaNa bhaMguratA kA darzana, tadanaMtara vairAgya kA prabala pravAha tadanusAra zramaNa dIkSA aMgIkAra, yaha hI zramaNa dIkSA ke prasaMgoM kA sAra kahA jA sakatA hai| vibhinna dIkSArthiyoM ke dIkSA prasaMgoM ko jaina purANoM ke sandarbha meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| prathama, raviSeNAcArya viracita padApurANa ke dIkSA prasaMga prastuta kara rahe haiN| "indrajIta aura meghavAhana ne anantavIrya munirAja se apane bhava puuNche| ------ apane aneka bhava sunakara saMsAra sambandhI vastuoM meM prIti chor3a, parama saMvega se yukta hokara indrajIta aura meghanAda ne kaThina dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| inake sivAya jo kumbhakarNa tathA mArIci Adi anya vidyAdhara the, ve bhI atyanta saMvega se yukta hokara kaSAya tathA rAgabhAva chor3akara uttama muni pada se sthita ho gye|125 2. bharata yadyapi 150 striyoM ke svAmI the| sundara mahaloM ke nivAsI the, tathApi saMsAra se sadA virakta rahate the| ve rAma ke vanavAsa ke pUrva hI dIkSA lenA cAhate the, para le na ske| rAma ke Agamana para unakA vairAgya prakRSTa ho gayA, rAma lakSmaNa ne unako bahuta rokaa| kaikeyI bahuta duHkhita huyI, parantu koI asara na pdd'aa| anta meM unakI bhAbhiyoM ne anurakta karane ke uddezya se jalakrIDA kA prastAva rakhA, vinIta bharata ko bhAbhIyoM kI bhAvanAoM kA sammAna karanA pdd'aa| parantu vibhinna krIDAyeM unako prabhAvita na kara skii| isI bIca triloka maNDana gajarAja ke upadrava ke kAraNa bAta AyI gayI ho gayI (83 parva tk)| kAlAntara meM (86 parva se) bharata kA mahAmuni dezabhUSaNa ke mukha se apane bhavAntara kA parijJAna hone para vairAgya umaDatA hai| ve atyanta saMvegI hokara vinIta svara meM dIkSA yAcanA karate haiM, evaM samasta parigraha kA tyAgakara paryaGkAsana se sthita ho mahAdhairya se yakta apane hAtha se kezalaMca kara DAlate haiN| bharata ke anarAga se prerita hokara "kacha adhika eka hajAra rAjAoM ne kramAgata rAjalakSmI kA parityAga kara munidIkSA dhAraNa kii| jinakI zakti hIna thI ese kitane hI logoM ne munirAja ko namaskAra kara vidhipUrvaka gRhastha dharma dhAraNa kiyA ( anugrazaktayaH kecinnamaskRtya muni janAH apAsAMcakrire dharma vidhinAgAra saMgatam / / 86/12 ) / jo nirantara azruoM kI varSA kara rahI thI, tathA jisakI betanA atyanta Akula thI, aisI bharata kI mAtA kaikeyI ghabaDAkara unake pIche-pIche dauDatI jA rahI thI, so vaha bIca meM hI pRthvI para gira par3I evaM mUchita ho gyii| kAlAntara meM usane socA ki ''maiM bhI aisA kArya karU~gI jisase pApoM se mukta hoU" vaha jinendra prAta dharma se to pahale hI prabhAvita thI, isalie mahAn vairAgya se yukta ho eka sapheda sADI se yukta ho gyii| tadanantara nirmala samyaktva ko dhAraNa karatI huyI usane tIna sau striyoM ke

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135 jaina zramaNa : svaspa aura samIkSA sAtha-sAtha pRthivImatI nAmaka AryikA ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| (pa.pu.86/17-24) 3. mathurA kA rAjA madhu zatrughna se ghamAsAna yuddha meM atyanta ghAyala huaa| jisase vaha bar3I dhIratA evaM pazcAttApa ke sAtha digambara muniyoM ke vacanoM kA smaraNa karane lagA, tathA apane pramAda para vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se pazcAttApa karane lgaa| aisI dazA meM jIvana-paryanta sAvadha yoga kA tyAga karake pratyAkhyAna meM tatpara hotA hai| tatvavicAra meM tatpara huA vaha paMcaparameSThI ko smaraNa karatA haA samIcIna dhyAna meM AsTa ho, aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga donoM prakAra ke parigraha choDakara hI bAhya meM hAthI para baiThe-baiThe hI usane keza ukhAr3a kara pheMka diye| 'madhu ke zarIra meM gahare ghAva yoddhAoM ko dikha rahe the, parantu durdhara dhairya dhAraNa kiye hue usa pAralaukika yoddhA muni madhu ko apanI AtmA hI dikha rahI thii| dekhA to tatkAla AyA aura pApoM kA pazcAttApa kiyaa| tadanantara samAdhi-maraNa kara muni madhu kSaNamAtra meM hI sanatkumAra svarga meM uttama deva hue (pa.pu. 89/95-115) 4. vIra ziromaNi rAjA zrInandana DamaramaMgala nAmaka eka mAha ke bAlaka ko rAjya dekara apane putroM ke sAtha prItiMkara munirAja ke samIpa dIkSita hue the| samaya pAkara zrInandana rAjA kevalajJAna utpanna kara siddhAlaya meM praviSTa hue aura unake ukta putra uttama muni ho saptarSi hue| (92/1-7) ( yahA~ para eka mAha kA putra kisakA thA yaha ullekha nahIM hai|) 5. eka dina saptaRSi muni ne vaTavRkSa ke nIce varSA yoga dhAraNa kiyA thA..... / AhArArtha ve eka dina ayodhyA nagarI meM praviSTa hue - vidhipUrvaka bhramaNa karate hue arhadatta seTha ke ghara phuNce| una muniyoM ko dekhakara cintAgrasita bhramita ho arhadatta seTha isa prakAra vicArane lagA ki, yaha varSAkAla kahA~ aura muniyoM kI ceSTA kahA~ ? isa nagarI ke Asa- pAsa prAmbhAra parvata kI kandarAoM, nadI ke taTa para vRkSa ke mUla meM, zUnya ghara meM, jinAlayoM meM tathA anya sthAnoM meM jahA~ kahIM jo munirAja sthita hai, uttama ceSTAoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle ve munirAja samaya kA khaNDana kara arthAt varSAyoga pUrA kiye binA idhara-udhara paribhramaNa nahIM krte| parantu ye muni Agama ke artha ko viparIta karane vAle haiM, jJAna se rahita haiM, AcAryoM se rahita haiM aura AcAra se bhraSTa hai ataH yahA~ ghUma rahe haiN| yadyapi ve muni asamaya meM Ae the to bhI arhadatta seTha kI bhakti evaM abhiprAya ko grahaNa karane vAlI vadhU unheM AhAra dekara santuSTa kiyA thaa| tadanantara pRthivI se cAra aMgula Upara calate hue unako dyuti bhaTTAraka ne dekhaa| saptarSiyoM ne mandira meM praveza kiyaa| taba dyuti bhaTTAraka ne khar3e hokara namaskAra karanA Adi vidhi se unakI pUjA kii| dyuti bhaTTAraka ke ziSyoM ne yaha hamAre AcArya cAhe

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zramaNa dIkSA kI pAtratA 137 jisakI vandanA karane ke lie udyata ho jAte haiM isa prakAra se nindA kA vicAra kiyaa| bAda meM jJAta hone para ziSyoM ne pazcAttApa bhI kiyaa| kAlAntara meM seTha arhadatta ko sArI jAnakArI milane para apane ko bahuta dhikkArA----jo muni ko dekhakara Asana nahIM choDatA....namaskAra AhAra se santuSTa nahIM karatA vaha mithyAdRSTi hai| ataH vandanA karane kI pratijJA kii| (padApurANa sarga 92) 6. saptarSiyoM ke Agamana kA samAcAra sunakara zatrughna darzanArtha pahu~ce evaM pAraNA ke lie prArthanA kii| taba pramukha muni ne kahA ki he narazreSTha! jo AhAra muniyoM ke lie saMkalpa kara banAyA hai, use grahaNa karane ke lie muni pravRtti nahIM krte| jo na svayaM kI gayI hai, na dUsaroM se karAyI gayI hai aura na mana se jisakI anumodanA kI gayI hai, aisI bhikSA ko vidhipUrvaka grahaNa karane vAle yogiyoM kA tapa puSTa hotA hai|----tdnntr zatrughna ne nagara meM kucha dina rahane ke lie kahA----itanA kahakara zraddhA se bharA huA zatrughna cintA karane lagA ki maiM pramAda rahita ho vidhipUrvaka muniyoM ke lie mana vAMchita AhAra kaba duuNgaa| (pa.pu. 92/46-52) 7. kRtAntavakra senApati ne dIkSA lene kI icchA se rAma se kahA ki maiM mithyAmArga meM bhaTaka jAne ke kAraNa isa anAdi saMsAra meM kheda khinna ho rahA huuN| ataH munipada dhAraNa karane kI icchA rakhatA huuN| ---tadanantara mohAkrAnta rAma ne ati kaThinAI se A~sU rokakara AjJA dI,evaM usakI aisI bhAvanA ke lie mukta kaMTha se prazaMsA kI aura apane lie sambodhana kA vacana maaNgaa| (pa.pu. parva 107) 8. hanumAna kI virakti kA samAcAra sunate hI usake mantriyoM evaM striyoM meM bhArI zoka chA gyaa| sabane bharasaka prayatna kiyA ki yaha dIkSA na leM, parantu hanumAna apane dhyeya se vicalita nahIM hue evaM dharmaratna nAmaka munirAja ke pAsa dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| aura nirvANagirI nAmaka parvata para mokSa prApta kiyaa| (pa.pu.113 parva) 9. lakSmaNa ke ATha kumAroM aura hanumAna kI dIkSA kA samAcAra sunakara rAma ha~sate hue kahate haiM ki are! ina logoM ne kyA bhoga bhogaa| (114 vAM prv)| ve hI rAma anta meM vairAgya upajane para dIkSita hote haiN| AhArArtha nagara meM praveza karate haiN| parantu jaba rAma prathama bAra nagara Ate haiM to samasta zahara meM bhagadar3a maca gyii| loga sAdara kahane lage ki mere yahA~ bhojana karo, laDDU lo, rasa lo----Adi- Adi kahane lage evaM bhIr3a ke kAraNa patalI galiyoM meM logoM ke coTeM AyIM----hAthiyoM ne kSobha ke kAraNa khambhe tor3a ddaale| ataH muni rAma vApisa vana cala gye| adbhuta prakAra kA kSobha dekhakara niyama lete haiM ki, yadi vana meM AhAra milegA to lU~gA anyathA nhiiN| rAjA pratinandI.aura rAnI prabhavA vana meM hI unheM AhAra dekara apanA gRhastha jIvana saphala karate haiN| (pa.pu. parva 119-120 kA

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138 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA sArAMza) / jinasena kRta mahApurANa se : banArasa kA rAjA akampana eka ati pratApI rAjA thaa| usane apane jIvana meM vividha prakAra ke bhoga bhoge / atyanta bhogoM ko bhogate hue usane socA ki, jisa prakAra auSadha se peTa kI agni pradIpta ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra ina bhogoM se bhI tRSNArUpI agni pradIpta ho uThatI hai / ataH ina bhogoM se bar3hI huyI tRSNA rUpI agni kI zAnti ke lie koI dUsarA hI upAya socanA caahie| isa prakAra ve saMsAra zarIra bhogoM ke vividha pakSoM kI asAratA para socane lage / evaM atyanta dukhita hue, aura paMca parAvartana ke svarUpa kA vicAra karate hue socA ki maiMne to sabhI bhoga saMsAra ke bhoga lie haiM, Aja yadi puruSa hai to kala strI - napuMsaka bhI honA pdd'egaa| isa prakAra vicArate hue socA ki "aba maiM jinendradeva ke kahe hue vacanoM kA cintavana kara avazya hI saMsAra kA cintavana kruuNgaa| kyoMki nirantara saMsAra rUpI vana ke bhItara paribhramaNa karane se maiM aba yamarAja se Dara gayA huuN|" isa prakAra tRSNArUpI viSa ko ugala dene vAle buddhimAna rAjA akampana ne bahuta zIghra hemArgaMda ko bulAkara pUjya parameSThiyoM kI pUjApUrvaka usakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA, lakSmI ko caMcala samajha paTTbandha se bA~dha kara use acala banayA, aura hemAgaMda ko sauMpakara zrI bhagavAna vRSabhadeva ke samIpa jAkara aneka rAjAoM aura rAnI suprabhA ke sAtha dIkSA dhAraNa kii| tathA anukrama se zreNiyAM car3hakara kevalajJAna utpanna kiyA (45/204-206) / zAntinAtha purANa se : vIra balabhadra aparAjita hai. bhAI anaMtavIrya eka samaya zayyA para sotA huA kaSTa ke binA mRtyu ko prApta ho gyaa| apane bhAI ke viyoga kA zoka bahuta thA / tathApi use tyAgakara tapa ke lie aparAjita icchuka hue| tadanantara dhairyazIla aparAjita ne rAjya kA gurutara bhAra ariMjaya nAmaka jyeSTha putra para rakhakara upazama bhAva ko prApta hote hue vizuddha abhiprAya vAle sAta sau rAjAoM ke sAtha lakSmI kA parityAga kara, yazasvI tathA tapasvImuni yazodhara ko namaskAra kara aparAjita, vairAgya ke kAraNa muni ho gaye / ( zAntinAtha purANa 6/118-122) azanighoSa apane pUrva bhava sunakara saMsAra se virakta ho muni ho gayA / (zA.pu. 8 / 118-121 ) sahasrAyudha ne apane pitA munirAja kI tapasyA se prabhAvita ho dIkSA dhAraNa kara lI / (zA.pu. 10/134-35 )

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zramaNa dIkSA kI pAtratA 139 tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ne Upara kI ora mukhakara lokAgrabhAga meM virAjamAna siddha parameSThiyoM ko namaskAra kara paMca muSThiyoM dvArA kezaloMca kara saba parigraha kA tyAga kara diyaa| dIkSA lete hI unheM manaH paryaya jJAna tathA saba RddhiyAM prApta ho gyii| (zA.pu. 15/21-27) dIkSA prasaMga samIkSA : jaina purANoM ke uparyukta dIkSA prasaMgoM ko dekhakara isa bAta kI kAphI puSTi hotI hai ki pAtratA ke lie uparyukt SaDAdhAroM kI ati AvazyakatA hai| yadyapi uparyukta dIkSA prasaMga ati prAcIna aitihAsika prakaraNa haiM, tathApi purANakAra kI ina niyamoM se sahamati vyakta hotI hai| vastutaH purANakAra to koI niyama yA tathya kisI ghaTanA ko lekara prastuta karate haiN| ataH uparyukta dIkSA kI ghaTanAe~ bhI dIkSA ke niyamoM kI ora hI saMketa karatI haiN| ina purANakAroM ke isa niyama ke dizAsUcaka yaMtra A. kundakunda kI sambhavataH ye gAthAyeM rahI hoNgii| "Apiccha baMdhuvaggaM vimocido guru kalattaputtehiM / Asijja NANadaMsaNacaritta tatavIriyAyAraM / / samaNaM gaNiM guNaDDhe kulsvvyovisitttthmitttthdrN| samaNehi taM pi paNado paDicchamaM cedi annughido|| pra.gA. 202-203 / / arthAt zrAmaNyArthI baMdhuvarga se vidA mAMgakara bar3oM se, strI aura putra se mukta kiyA huA jJAna-darzana-cAritra-tapa aura vIrya ke paMcAcAroM se yukta AcArya kI sevA meM upasthita hove| jo ki kula se, guNoM se, rUpa se tathA vaya se viziSTa ho aura jo zramaNoM ko ati iSTa haiM aise AcArya ke samIpa jAkara "mujhe svIkAra karo" aisA kahakara praNAma karatA hai evaM anugRhIta hotA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne ina gAthAoM kI TIkA meM baMdhuvarga se anumati lene kI zailI kA nimna nirUpaNa kiyA hai "isa puruSa ke zarIra meM baMdhuvarga meM pravartamAna aatmaao| isa puruSa kA AtmA kiMcitamAtra bhI tumhArA nahIM hai, isa prakAra tuma nizcaya se jaano| isalie maiM tumase vidA letA huuN| jise jJAna jyoti pragaTa huyI hai aisA yaha AtmA Aja apane AtmArUpI apane anAdibaMdhu ke pAsa jA rahA hai| aho! isa puruSa ke zarIra ke janaka ke AtmA!, aho! isa puruSa ke zarIra kI jananI ke AtmA isa puruSa kA AtmA tumhAre dvArA janita nahIM hai, aisA tuma nizcaya se jaano| ataH tuma isa AtmA ko chodd'o| jise jJAnajyoti pragaTa huyI hai aisA yaha AtmA

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140 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA Aja AtmArUpI apane anAdijanaka ke pAsa jA rahA hai| aho! isa puruSa ke zarIra kI ramaNa (strI) ke AtmA! tU isa puruSa ke AtmA ko ramaNa nahIM karAtA, aisA tU nizcaya se jaan| isalie tU isa AtmA ko chodd'| jise jJAna jyoti pragaTa huyI hai aisA yaha AtmA Aja apanI svAnubhUti rUpI apanI anAdi ramaNI ke pAsa jA rahA hai| aho! isa puruSa ke zarIra ke putra AtmA! tU isa puruSa kA janya nahIM hai, aisA tU nizcaya se jaan| isalie tU isa AtmA ko chodd'| jise jJAnajyoti pragaTa huyI hai, aisA yaha AtmA Aja AtmA rUpI apane anAdi janya ke pAsa jA rahA hai| isa prakAra bar3oM se, strI se, putroM se apane ko chur3AtA hai| tatpazcAt guru ke samakSa paMcAcAra arthAt jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa aura vIryAcAra ko bhI aMgIkAra karate hue inake sambandha meM yaha vicAratA hai ki "aho kAla, vinaya, upadhAna, bahumAna, aninhava, artha vyaMjana aura tadubhayasampanna jnyaanaacaar| maiM yaha nizcaya se jAnatA hU~ ki tU zuddhAtmA kA nahIM hai, (adhyAtmabhASA meM zuddhAtmA vahI hai jo eka trikAla, dhuva, avinAzI, evaM avikArI hai-yahA~ aMgIkRta jJAnAcAra aisA nahIM hai, matijJAnAdika hone se karmajanya evaM karmasApekSa hai tathA kSaNika hai jIva kA trikAla svabhAva nahIM ataH vaha jJAnAcAra AtmA kA nahIM hai isI prakAra se Age sabhI jagaha paMcAcAroM ke kathana meM lagegA) tathApi maiM tujhe taba taka aMgIkAra karatA hU~ jaba taka ki tere prasAda se ( nimitta se) zuddhAtmA ko upalabdha kara luuN| aho! niHzaMkitatva, niHkAMkSitatva, nirvicikitsatva, nirmUDhadRSTitva, upavRMNa, sthitikaraNa, vAtsalya aura prabhAvanA svarUpa darzanAcAra ! maiM yaha nizcaya se jAnatA hU~ ki tU zuddhAtmA nahIM hai, tathApi tujhe taba taka aMgIkAra karatA hU~, jaba taka ki tere prasAda se zuddhAtmA ko upalabdha kara luuN| aho, 'mokSamArga meM pravRtti ke kAraNabhUta, paMcamahAvrata sahita kAya-vacana-managupti aura IryA-bhASA-eSaNA-AdAnanikSepaNa pratiSThApana samiti svarUpa cAritrAcAra! maiM yaha nizcaya se jAnatA hU~ ki tU zuddhAtmA nahIM hai, tathApi tujhe taba taka aMgIkAra karatA hU~ jaba taka tere prasAda se zuddhAtmA ko upalabdha kara luuN| aho! anazana, avamaudarya, vRtti parisaMkhyAna rasa parityAga, vivikta zayyAsana, kAyakleza, prAyazcita, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura vyutsarga svarUpa tapAcAra! maiM yaha nizcaya se jAnatA hU~ ki tU zuddhAtmA nahIM hai, tathApi tujhe taba taka aMgIkAra karatA hU~, jaba taka tere prasAda se zuddhAtmA ko prApta kara luuN| aho! samasta AcAra meM pravRtti karAne vAlI svazakti ko agopana svarUpa vIryAcAra! maiM yaha nizcaya se jAnatA hU~ ki tU zuddhAtmA nahIM hai, tathApi tujhe taba taka aMgIkAra karatA hU~, jaba taka ki tere prasAda se zuddhAtmA ko upalabdha kara lU~ - isa prakAra jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra tathA vIryAcAra ko aMgIkAra karatA huuN|126 zubha rAga ke udaya kI bhUmikA meM gRhavAsa kA aura kuTumba kA tyAgI hokara vyavahAra ratnatrayarUpa paMcAcAra aMgIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| yadyapi vaha jJAnabhAva se samasta zubhAzubha

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zramaNa dIkSA kI pAtratA kriyAoM kA tyAgI hai| tathApi paryAya meM zubha rAga nahIM chUTane se vaha pUrvokta prakAra se paMcAcAra ko grahaNa karatA hai| 141 AcArya amRtacandra dvArA varNita dIkSArthI ke dIkSA kAla meM abhivyakta uparyukta bhAva tIvra jJAna, vairAgya ke paricAyaka hai| jJAna aura vairAgya ke uparyukta vicAra ekadama tIvra- pApI mithyAdRSTi ke nahIM ho sakate haiN| apitu ghara para aisA koI tIvra pApI mithyAdRSTi jIva kadAcit ho to dIkSArthI ke dIkSA meM upasarga hI karate haiN| purANoM ke pariprekSya meM prastuta kI gayI ghaTanAoM meM, jina-jina logoM ne dIkSAe~ grahaNa kI haiM, unakA pUrva meM paryApta jJAna vairAgya rUpa tatvajJAna kI bhUmikA banI huyI thI, jisake pratiphala meM zrAmaNya dazA avatarita huyI thii| cUMki duHkhoM se mukta hone kA eka mAtra upAya zrAmaNya dharma kI prApti meM hI batalAyA hai| isI kAraNa pravacanasAra meM kahA hai ki, jaise duHkhoM se mukta hone ke lie maiMne shrmnn| dharma aMgIkAra kiyA hai, usI prakAra tuma bhI arhantoM, siddhoM, AcAryoM Adi ko namaskAra pUrvaka zrAmaNya ko aMgIkAra kro| 127 tathA usa zrAmraNya ko aMgIkAra karane kA jo yathAnubhUta mArga hai usake praNetA hama yaha khar3e haiN| 1 .128 cAritra (samyak ) mukti kA sAkSAt kAraNa hai / ataH munijana bhI zrAvaka se prathama sAkSAtkAra meM usa sAkSAt kAraNa cAritra kA hI upadeza dete haiN| kyoMki vaha yaha mAnakara hI calate haiM ki mere pAsa AyA jIva Asanna bhavya jIva hai| ataH mokSa kA kAraNa hI batalAnA caahie| sAdhuoM ke pAsa zrAvakoM ke jAne kA anya koI kAraNa prAyazaH nahIM mAnA jAtA hai / cUMki sAdhuoM ke pAsa Atma-carcA ke alAvA anya koI vArtA nahIM hotI hai; aura jo prasanna citta se eka bAra bhI AtmA kI carcA karatA hai vaha Asanna bhavya jIva haiN| 129 ataH Asanna bhavya jIva ko cAritra dharma ke prati prerita karanA AcArya kA kartavya hai| 130 yadi vaha aisA upadeza nahIM karate haiM, to ve jinAjJA kA ullaMghana evaM upadeza paripATI kA atikramaNa karane se aparAdhI haiN| AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA ki, jo alpamatisAdhu yati dharma kA upadeza na karate huye gRhastha dharma kA upadeza de detA hai, usako bhagavAna arhantadeva ke Agama meM prAyazcitta kA bhAgI batalAyA hai| 131 parantu yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki zramaNa, zrAvaka ko prathama munidharma ke lie mAtra prerita karatA hai, koI valAt svIkArane ke lie bAdhya nahIM kara sakatA hai, yadi aisA karatA hai to zramaNa doSI hai| tathA yadi vaha navAgantuka zrAvaka munidharma ke lie asamarthatA vyakta karatA hai to vaha zrAvakocita caryA Adi ke prati prerita karatA hai| zrAvaka bhI bhramaNa ke upadezAnusAra apanI zakti pramANa jinadharma kI sevA karatA hai| 132 apanI zakti ko dekhe binA mahAvratoM kA dhAraNa bojha Dhone jaisA hai| ataH mahAvratoM ko aMgIkAra karane ke pUrva apanI zakti kI parIkSA avazya hI kara lenI cAhie / dIkSAgrahaNa ke sandarbha meM DaoN. sudarzana lAla jI ke vicAra draSTavya haiM- 133 saMsAra ke viSayoM se nirAsakta evaM mukti kA abhilASI pratyeka vyakti isa jainezvarI dIkSA kA grahaNa

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142 jaina zramaNa : svaspa aura samIkSA kara sakatA hai| neminAtha aura rAjula vivAha kI maMgala velA meM hI saMsAra se virakta hokara dIkSita ho gaye the| sadAcAra pAlana karane kI sAmarthya vAlA pratyeka vyakti jo saMsAra ke viSayoM se virakta hokara mukti kI abhilASA karatA hai, dIkSA lene kA adhikArI hai| yaha koI niyama nahIM ki yuvAvasthA meM bhogoM ko bhoganA cAhie, aura phira vRddhAvasthA meM dIkSA lenI caahie| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki yuvAvasthA meM yuvakoM kI citta vRtti sAMsArika viSayoM kI ora adhika AkarSita rahatI hai, jisase ukta avasthA meM dIkSA lenA kaThina hotA hai, parantu yaha bhI satya hai ki vRddhAvasthA meM zarIra ke zithila ho jAne para dharma kA pAlana kara sakanA aura bhI kaThina hai, jabaki yuvAvasthA meM zakya hai, yuvAvasthA se hI yadi dharma ke pAlana karane kA prayatna kiyA jAe to vRddhAvasthA meM bhI usake dhAraNa kI sAmarthya banI rahatI uparyukta tathyoM se yaha sthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki dIkSA meM isa bAta para vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAtA hai ki vaha zakti, sadAcAra se yogya hai yA nahIM, evaM saMsAra se bhayabhIta tathA viSayoM ke prati Azakti kama huI hai yA nahIM, phira cAhe vaha kisI bhI Ayu meM athavA kisI bhI paristhiti meM hI kyoM na ho|" yadyapi jainadharma meM bAladIkSA niSedha hai kyoMki isa samaya vaha abodha hotA hai; parantu koI vizeSa pratibhA evaM vairAgya sampanna ho to vaha bAlaka svecchA se dIkSA le sakatA hai, jaise ki A. kundakunda, zve. AcArya haribhadra evaM vaidika dharma meM prasiddha santa zaMkarAcArya bAla dIkSita the, parantu yaha rAjamArga nahIM hai|134 vastutaH yahA~ to sAmarthya aura samajhadArI ko pUrNa-sajaga rakhane meM hI samajhadArI hai| kyoMki sAmarthya pahalA paMkha hai to samajhadArI duusraa| donoM ke sahAre hI mokSamArga kI ur3Ana bharI jA sakatI yahA~ para eka bAta aura hai ki zramaNa dIkSA ke lie koI vizeSa saMhanana kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| Ajakala jaina zramaNa meM vyApta zithilAcAra ke sAtha yaha kahakara santuSTi kI jAtI hai ki paMcamakAla meM caturthakAla jaisA saMhanana nahIM, athavA kundakundAcArya Adi jaisI Aja zakti nahIM hai, evaM mUlaguNoM kA svarUpa vivecana usa samaya kiyA gayA thaa| Aja ke saMhanana va zakti ko dekhate hue zramaNa ke svarUpa meM kiMcita zithilatA svIkAra kara lenI caahie| parantu zramaNa ke svarUpa meM 28 mUlaguNoM meM aisA koI bhI guNa nahIM hai, jo zarIra ke vizeSa zakti kI apekSA rakhatA ho| A. kundakundadeva kahate hai ki-"vajravRSabhanArAca Adi chaha, zarIra ke saMhanana kaheM haiM, una sabameM hI dIkSA honA kahA hai, jo bhavya puruSa haiN| ve karma kSaya kA kAraNa jAnakara isako aMgIkAra kreN| isa prakAra nahIM haiM ki dRr3ha saMhanana vajravRSabha Adi haiM unameM hI dIkSA ho aura asaMsRpATikA saMhanana meM na ho, isa prakAra nirgrantharUpa dIkSA to asaMprAptAsRpATikA saMhanana meM bhI hotI hai|135 vastutaH zrAmaNya svarUpa meM zarIra kI nahIM, apitu Atmabala kI adhika apekSA hotI hai tathA kadAcit zarIra meM koI vikRti AtI hai to yA to samAdhimaraNa leve yA samantabhadra kI taraha

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143 dIkSA anumati vidhAna dIkSA kA tyAga kare, isake alAvA tIsarA vikalpa nahIM hai| dIkSA anumati vidhAna - dIkSA ke prasaMga meM, kuTumba se anumatipUrvaka dIkSita hone kA koI sarvathA niyama nahIM hai| pArivArika janoM ke Azrita dIkSA vidhAna hone para to kadApi dIkSA nahIM lI jA sakatI hai| kyoMki ve to kadApi dIkSA anumati nahIM deMge, jaise pUrva meM kathita dIkSA ghaTanAoM meM bharata, kaikeyI rAma ke senApati katAntavakra. hanamAna ke sAtha haA thaa| lakSmaNa ke ATha kamAroM ke dIkSAkAla meM rAma ne upahAsa hI kiyA thaa| rAjA madhu ne to yuddha kSetra meM hAthI para car3he hI binA kisI ko sUcanA diye dIkSA le lI thii| ataH ina prakaraNoM meM to pArivArika janoM kI asahamati hI rhii| Aja taka ke itihAsa meM eka bhI aisI ghaTanA nahIM hai ki jahA~ para dIkSA kA tatkAla anumodana rahA ho| prathama kSaNa meM to pArivArika janoM kI yahI rAya hotI hai ki abhI itanI kyA jaldI hai| bhale hI pazcAt una logoM ne anumodanA kI ho| parivAra cAhe kitanA hI dhArmika kyoM na ho, jaise ati tatvajJAnI dhArmika gRhastha rAma taka ne dIkSita logoM ko upahAsa kiyA thA, parantu pazcAt unakI sarAhanA hI kI thii| moha kA aisA hI svarUpa evaM usakA mAhAtmya hai| moha kA hI dUsarA nAma gRhastha dharma hai| ataH mohI apane moha se kisI kArya kA nirNaya aura usameM harSa-viSAda karate haiN| isameM hI mohI kA gaurava aura usake moha kI surakSA hai| parantu tatvajJAna ke prabhAvazAlI prakAza meM ajJAnAndhakAra kI kAlI chAyA se grasita moha jyAdA saMkleza pariNAma nahIM de pAtA, aura anta meM tatvajJAnI ko tatvajJAna se yukta prasaMgoM meM prasannatA hI hotI hai| yaha tatvajJAna kA mAhAtmya hai| isI kAraNa ko dekhate hue moha ko jIta rahe zramaNa ke lie yaha kahA ki vaha pArivArika janoM se sahamati leve| isa kathana ke pIche do atyanta manovaijJAnika uddezya rahe the| yadi dIkSArthI kA moha pUrNataH samApta nahIM huA hogA, to pArivArika janoM ke ati anunaya vinaya, athavA anya upAyoM se mohAkrAnta ho jaaegaa| isase usake moha kI parIkSA ho jaayegii| dvitIya uddezya yaha hai ki, dIkSArthI ke vairAgya rasa se ota-prota vacana sunakara kuTumba meM yadi koI alpasaMsArI jIva ho, to vaha bhI vairAgya ko prApta hotA hai- aisI parakalyANa kI bhAvanA rUpa dIkSA anumati vidhAna kA rahasya hai, jaise ki lakSmaNa, hanumAna Adi kaI udAharaNoM meM anekoM jIvoM ne bhI dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| jo dIkSA nahIM le pAte, ve zrAvaka dharma svIkArate. athavA anya vrata, pratimAe~ athavA apanI zraddhA ko mokSa patha meM saMvAra hI lete haiN| ataH usake nimitta se sabhI apanI-apanI zakti se pariNAmoM evaM jIvana meM zuddhatA lAte haiN| aura isa dRSTi se jaina purANoM kA adhyayana karane para yaha tathya nikalatA hai ki lagabhaga vahA~ eka bhI aisI ghaTanA nahIM ki, jahA~ para nava dIkSArthI ne akele hI vrata lie hoM, aura usake sAtha anyoM ne aNuvrata- mahAvrata Adi usase preraNA pAkara na svIkAra kiye hoN| yaha dIkSA kI anumati vidhAna kA rahasya evaM usase lAbha hai| ataH dIkSA kI anumati/sUcanA pUrvaka hI

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144 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA dIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhie, tathA isa gRhatyAgakriyA meM sabase pahale siddha bhagavAna kA pUjana kara samasta iSTajanoM ko bulAkara aura unakI sAkSI meM putroM ke lie saba kucha sauMpa kara gRhatyAga karanA caahie|136 jo ki purANa ke prastuta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agama uttarAdhyayana para zodha karate hue DA. sudarzana lAla jI ne kahA ki "dIkSA lene ke pUrva mAtA-pitA va sambandhI janoM se anumati lenA caahie| (uttarA. 14.6-7, 19.10-11) yadi vaha ghara kA jyeSTha vyakti ho to patrAdi ko sampatti vagairaha sauMpakara dIkSA le lenA cAhie ( uttarA. 9.2) yadi mAtA-pitA putra ko dIkSA ke lie anumati na dekara bhogoM ke prati pralobhita kareM to dIkSA lene vAle kA sarvaprathama kartavya hai ki vaha mAtA-pitA ko samajhAne kA prayatna kre| pazcAt Atma- kalyANArtha dIkSA le leve| (uttarA. 14.19 ) / neminAtha aura rAjula ne dIkSApUrva mAtA-pitA se anumati lI thI yA nahIM, isakA yadyapi grantha meM ullekha nahIM parantu dIkSA le lene para vAsudeva Adi unake kuTumbI jana unheM abhilaSita manoratha prApti kA AzIrvAda avazya dete haiM, (uttarA. 22.25-26,21 ) / isase unakI anumati kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| dIkSA ke pUrva mAtA-pitA se AjJA lenA unake prati (laukika) vinaya evaM kartavya parAyaNatA kA sUcaka hai|137 dIkSA kI pAtratA ke sambandha meM digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAya eka mata haiN| zrAmaNyArthI kI isa pAtratA meM itanI apekSAoM ke bAvajUda parIkSA- pradhAnI AcAryoM kA abhimata hai ki, jo isa ati bAlaka ho, ati vRddha ho, napuMsaka ho, aMgahIna yA adhika aMga vAlA ho, jar3a, rogI, kor3hI, cora, rAjyAparAdhI, unmatta, andha, dAsava, duSTa mUDha, zrRNArtipIDita, kaida pAyA huA, bhAgakara AyA huA, puruSa liMga meM carma kA na honA, atizaya dIrgha aNDakoSa asAmAnya ho to vaha dIkSA ke ayogya hai| tathA anyAnya hIna athavA sAparAdha AcaraNoM vAlA hoM to unheM dIkSA nahIM denI caahie|138 bAlyAvasthA meM dI gayI dIkSA aparipakva evaM yauvanodreka kA anubhava na hone ke kAraNa prAyaH kalaMkita hotI hai| jaise bAlyAvasthA meM kI gayI zAdI rASTrIya evaM sAmAjika aparAdha hai, vaise hI bAlyAvasthA meM jabaki usakI svatantra cintana kI kSamatA nahIM hotI hai, aise meM use kisI ke dvArA isa mArga para dIkSita kara dene para to usa bacce kI svatantra cintana kI kSamatA ke sAtha khilavAr3a kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha rASTrIya, sAmAjika, evaM dhArmika aparAdha samajhanA caahie| vartamAna meM zve. sAdhvI induprabhA ko bAlyAvasthA meM dI gayI dIkSA isakA jvalanta pramANa hai| jaba vaha yuvA huyI aura apanI sAmarthya ke pahicAna kI paripakvatA AyI, to usane apane ko isake ayogya paayaa| ataH sAdhvI pada kI garimA rakhate hue usa pada ko tyAgA, aura gRhastha- dharma majisTreTa ke sanmukha svIkAra kiyaa|139 yadyapi yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki usane sAdhvI dazA kA parityAga karane ke kAraNa niMdanIya kArya kiyA; parantu yaha to taba kahA jAe, jaba usane hitAhita buddhi kI paripakvatA meM yaha

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145 dIkSA anumati vidhAna nirNaya liyA ho, use to dUsaroM ne dIkSita karavAyA thA ki vaha paripakva huyI to usane apane pariNAmoM ko isa kArya ke lie ayogya paayaa| ataH apane pariNAmoM ke Akalana meM ImAnadAra hone se gRhastha-dharma dhAraNa karate hue, induprabhA kA isa dRSTi se yaha kadama aniMdya hai| isa bAladIkSA ke atirikta, jabarana pakar3a kara kisI ko dIkSA athavA pUrva dIkSita ko jo dIkSA choDanA cAhatA hai use jabaradastI usa para sthApita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jabarana pakar3akara dIkSA kI eka ghaTanA navambara 82, gujarAta ke dAhoda zahara kI hai| jahA~ para rAyapura (ma.pra. ) ke eka DAkTara zrI sureza ko SaDayantrapUrvaka gujarAta meM AcArya (diga. ) sanmati sAgara ke saMgha kI saMcAlikA bra. mainAvAI ne AcArya zrI ke svAsthya ke bahAne bulAkara rAta meM kamare meM banda karake jabaradastI kezaloMca kara diyaa| DaoN. zrI sureza kAphI roye bhI, parantu inako dharma kA bhaya dikhAkara muMhabanda kara diyaa| 40 samAja ke kucha prabuddha varga ne virodha bhI kiyA parantu dharma-bhIra loga ina atyAcArI hiTalarI dhArmika tAnAzAha zramaNAbhAsoM ke durAcAroM ko sahatI rhii| aisI aneka dIkSAe~ ina AcAryoM ne dI, jo kAlAntara meM punaH bhraSTa hokara gRhastha bane athavA vartamAna meM bhI usI pada para rahakara bhraSTa jIvana-yApana kara rahe haiN| parantu Azcarya to yaha hai ki aise vezadhAriyoM ko nirantara caritra-cakravartI kI upAdhi se bhI alaMkRta kiyA jAtA rahA hai| isI prakAra jo sAdhu eka bAra dIkSita ho cukA hai, aura yadi vaha usa pada kI mahattA ko samajhate hue punaH svayaM ko ayogya pAkara athavA kisI anya kAraNa se use pada ko tyAganA cAhatA hai to prathama to usakA sthitikaraNa sAvadhAnIpUrvaka karanA cAhie, parantu usake nirNaya meM zArIrika zakti kA prayoga athavA anya kisI prakAra ke dabAboM kA upayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaisA ki prasiddha purAtattvAcArya, mahAtmA gAMdhI ke ananya sahayogI evaM ahamadAbAda ke prasiddha jaina granthAgAra ke saMsthApakoM meM se eka muni zrI jinavijaya jI ( zvetA. ) ke apanI dIkSA cheda ke samaya huaa|141 ve apane abhinandana granya meM apanA jIvana vRtta likhate haiM ki, ve kisa prakAra apane saMghastha zithilatAoM se Uba gaye the tathA unakI tIvra adhyayana kI abhilASA, evaM kucha vaiyaktika kamajorI isa pada ko tyAganA cAhatI thI, tAki ve svatantra rUpa se adhyayana kara skeN| isake lie unhoMne jaba saMgha chor3ane kI icchA vyakta kI. to saMgha ke AcArya ne bahata ddaaNttaa| eka dina jaba ve rAta meM saMgha chor3akara bhAge, to patA calane para unako pakar3A gayA va kAphI unako mArane, pITane evaM dhamakAne jaisI paristhitiyoM se gujaranA pdd'aa| aneka bAra unhoMne rAta ke aMdhere meM saMgha choDA. evaM hara bAra pakaDe gaye va kAphI zArIrika yAtanAe~ dI gyiiN| anta meM zrI jinavijaya jI vijayI huye| aisI anekoM ghaTanAe~ haiM, jo apanI eka alaga zodha kI hI apekSA rakhatI haiN| yahA~ para to mAtra itanA hI kahA jAyegA ki sAdhutva jaisA uttama ratna yadi vizuddha suvarNa meM nahIM lagAyA gayA to usakA mUlya aura upayoga donoM hI maravaula

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146 banakara raha jaaeNge| nItikAroM ne bhI kahA hai ki jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA kanakabhUSaNasaMgrahaNocito yadi maNistrayuNi praNidhIyate / na sa virauti na cApi ca zobhate, bhavati yojayiturvacanIyatA / / 42 arthAt yadi suvarNa meM saMgrahaNIya maNi trayu arthAt raMga meM (rAMgA) lagA dI jAe to usakI zobhA naSTa ho jAtI hai, taba na vaha zabdAyamAna hotI hai, aura na zobhita hI, aura jo aisA maNitraya saMyoga karatA hai usakI bhI nindA hotI hai / ' ataH dIkSAdAyaka AcArya kA bhI kartavya hai ki vaha ucita pAtra ko hI usakI parIkSA evaM vairAgya ko pahicAna karake hI dIkSA dAna de| dIkSA dAna ke kAla ko jainAcAryoM ne atyadhika mahattva pradAna kiyA hai| jaise gRhastha jIvana meM vivAha kA atyadhika mahattva hai, jahA~ se eka navIna jIvana zailI prArambha hokara vidhivat sAmAjika sadasyatA prApta hotI hai / yaha mahotsava eka maNDapa tale hotA hai, jisameM gRhastha- dharma ke maMgalAcAra gAye jAte haiM (zubhasUcaka premagIta striyA~ gAtI haiM ) ThIka isI taraha sanyAsa dharma meM praveza karate samaya, jo ki jIvana jIne kI dUsarI vItarAgI zailI hai, isameM sanyAsa kA icchuka vyakti paMca parameSThI rUpa samAja ke samakSa, tIna loka ke maNDapa ke nIce, tatvajJAna rUpa sugandha se bhIge, vairAgya rUpI hAthoM se "nirvastra" rUpa dazA kI varamAlA lekara mokSarUpI lakSmI kA varaNa karatA hai| usa samaya anantajJAnAdi rUpa siddha guNoM kI bhakti ke maMgalAcAra gAte hue vItarAgI sarvajJa kI samAja meM praveza kI sadasyatA milatI hai| dIkSA ke prasaMga kA isa prakAra kA bhAva AcArya jayasena ne pravacanasAra gAthA 3 kI maMgalAcaraNa kI TIkA meM vyakta kiyA hai| 143 jisakI spaSTatA uparyukta taraha se kI jA sakatI hai| dIkSA grahaNa vidhi : zramaNa caryA ko jinendra bhagavAna kA jIvanta rUpa kahA gayA hai, ve calate-phirate siddha kahalAte haiM / ataH unake isa mAnadaNDa ko banAye rakhane ke lie bhramaNa caryA meM praveza karane vAloM se kucha vaiziSTya kI bhI apekSA rakhI gayI hai| jo ki pAtratA prakaraNa meM vivecana kara Aye haiM / jainadharma meM kezaloMca, nAmakaraNa, nagnatA evaM picchi ye vyavahAra se jinaliMga ke cinha kahe gaye haiN| jaina dharma ke aneka purANoM meM dIkSAkAla ke prasaMgoM ko jinako ki pUrva meM prastuta kiyA hai| unake AdhAra para to dIkSArthI prabala vairAgya lekara vana meM AcArya ke pAsa jAtA hai, aura unase dIkSA kI prArthanA ke pUrva samucita niyamoM kA pAlana karake, dIkSA yAcanA karatA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne bodhapAhuDa meM spaSTa rUpa se dIkSA kA sthAna " sUnA ghara, vRkSa kA mUla, koTara, udyAna, vana, zmazAna bhUmi, parvata kI guphA zikhara, bhayAnaka vana aura vastikA 144 inameM dIkSA dene kA vidhAna kiyA hai| sArvajanika sthAnoM meM zahara ke

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dIkSA grahaNa vidhi madhya, bhIr3a ekatrita kara dIkSA dene kI paramparA jainadharma sammata nahIM hai| jaisI paramparA Aja cala rahI hai / samasta jaina purANoM ke dIkSA prasaMgoM meM dIkSArthI zahara se vana kI ora jAtA hai, aura vahA~ dIkSA letA hai, to vaha svayaM eka parivartana mahasUsa karatA hai aura vratoM meM sthira rahatA hai| parantu Aja yaha saba na hone ke kAraNa dIkSArthI apane ko parivartita mahasUsa hI nahIM karatA hai| ataH isa kAraNa zithilAcAra meM hI dIkSArthI kA janma hone se vaha panapatA rahatA hai| 147 dIkSA dAna kA mokSamArga meM atimahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| ataH dIkSA kAla meM diye jAne vAle 28 mUlaguNoM rUpa bhedoM ko sarvajJadeva kI sAkSI meM navAgata dIkSArthI meM sthApita kiye jAte haiN|145 "dattaM sarvasvamUlottara paramagurU" arthAt muni ko mUlaguNa evaM uttaraguNa sarvasva arhanta tIrthaMkara deva dvArA hI pradatta mAne jAte haiN| muni ke mUlottara guNa vastutaH arhantadeva kI hI dharohara mAnI jAtI hai, kyoMki unhoMne hI isa svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| aisI sthiti meM yadi vaha mUlaguNoM ko apane bhraSTa jIvana se kalaMkita karatA hai, to usake svayaM ke jIvana kA ahita to hai hI; parantu sarvajJa deva kI dharohara kA dhAraka hone se usakI dharohara meM dUSaNa lagAne para sampUrNa jina-zAsana ko kalaMkita karane ke kAraNa mahAn pApa kA bhAgI hotA hai| AcArya malliSeNa ne isa dharohara kI zramaNa ko rakSA karane ke lie prerita karate hue kahA ki jaise bhUkha se pIr3ita huA nirdhana vyakti bhI apanI vamana ko svayaM nahIM khAtA, usI prakAra jina dIkSA kAla meM akhaNDavata ko rakhane kI jo pratijJA kI thI usakA vicAra kara 146 aura tyAge gaye bhogoM kA punaH smaraNa mata kr| jaise dIkSA dene yogya sthAna ke viSaya meM jaina dharma ne vicAra kiyA hai vaise hI dIkSA dena yogya kAla (samaya) bhI vicAraNIya rahA hai| digambara zvetAmbara mata utpatti ke sandarbha meM, digambara mata kI utpatti meM zvetAmbara sampradAya ne kalpanA kI hai ki zivabhUti ko rAta meM AcArya ne dIkSA dI thI, usI se digambara mata kI utpatti huyI hai / parantu yaha yathArtha nahIM hai kyoMki bhASA samiti ke pAlaka rAta meM bolate nahIM hai ataH dIkSA sambhava nahIM hai| jaina purANoM meM aisA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai ki, dIkSA rAta meM dI gayI ho athavA usake lie muhurta, nakSatra Adi dekhe gaye ho aura muhurta na hone para dIkSA na ho sakatI ho| dIkSA svayaM meM pavitra hai usake lie pavitra samaya kI apekSA nahIM hai| tathA jo dIkSA kA icchuka hai| aura dIkSA lene jA rahA hai vaha kyA muhurta na hone para lambI avadhi taka intajAra karegA ? tathApi prakRti ke prakopoM evaM prasiddha lokApavAdoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue AcArya jinasena ne mahApurANa meM kahA hai ki jaba grahoM kA uparAga ho, grahaNa lagA ho, sUryacandra para pariveSa ( maNDala) hAM, indradhanuSa uThA ho, duSTa grahoM kA udaya ho, AkAza meghapaTala se DhakA ho, naSTa mAsa athavA adhika mAsa kA dina ho, saMkrAnti ho, athavA kSaya tithi kA dina ho, usa dina buddhimAna AcArya mokSa kI icchA rakhane vAle bhavyoM ke lie dIkSA vidhi nahIM karanA caahte| 147

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148 . jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA jainadharma ke mukti patha meM inakI pramukhatA nahIM hote hue bhI loka paddhati meM ina tathyoM kI mAnyatA hai, grahoM kA uparAga, grahaNa, Adi ko azubha mAnA jAtA hai| yadi kadAcit dIkSArthI ke pApa karma ke udaya se kucha azubha ghaTita ho gayA, to sAmAnya jana to una AcArya ko doSa deMge ki unhoMne acche muhurta meM dIkSA nahIM dI thii| AcArya vivekI nahIM hai - Adi-Adi bAteM lokApavAda meM pracalita hogii| tathA dvitIya tathya yaha bhI hai ki upayukta dIkSA ke lie ayogya kAla prakRti kI asAmAnya sthiti hai| aise samaya meM adhikAMzataH loga bhaya se zaMkAgrasta evaM asAmAnya rahate haiN| ataH aise samaya meM dIkSA jaise kAma meM pracalita loka paddhati ko bhI svIkArA hai| uparyukta tathyoM ke atirikta anya koI manovaijJAnika kAraNa sambhavataH nahIM haiN| zramaNa dIkSA, yogya AcArya se lI jAtI hai tathApi tIrthaMkara kisI se dIkSA nahIM lete haiM, jaina purANa isakA sAkSI hai, aura yaha niyama hai| tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne dIkSAkAla meM pUrva dizA kI ora mukha karake padmAsana se virAjamAna hokara siddha parameSThI ko namaskAra karake paMcamuSThi kezaloMca karake svayaM zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho gaye the| 10 siddha bhagavAna ko Adarza isa kAraNa se banAte haiM ki, unameM sarvAMza zuddhatA prakaTa hone se sabase bar3e haiN| cUMki ekakAla meM usa kSetra meM eka hI tIrthaMkara hotA hai, jo sabase bar3e mAne jAte haiM, ataH ve apanA koI guru nahIM banAte haiN| isa kAraNa unakI kisI AcArya se dIkSA nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki ve ati paurupavanta hote haiN| tIrthaMkara dIkSA-kAla meM siddhoM ko hI namaskAra karake dIkSA lete haiN|149 parantu sAmAnya jana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki, vaha kisI AcArya ke samakSa jAkara guru ke evaM saMgha ke sammukha pUrva kI ora padamAsana baiThakara dIkSA kI vinIta bhAva se prArthanA kre| (pUrva kI ora baiThakara yAcanA karanA, pragati patha para agrasara hone kI bhAvanA kA dyotaka hai) AcArya ke samakSa jAkara dIkSA yAcanA kA bhI koI antima niyama nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki aisA bhI sambhava hai ki zrAmaNyArthI ko koI yogya dIkSA dAyaka AcArya upalabdha na ho ske| usa kSetra aura usa kAla meM koI sAdhu hove hI nahIM, sAdhuoM kI paramparA kucha avadhi ke liye samApta bhI ho sakatI hai| tiloyapaNNatti meM yaha jo AyA ki paMcama kAla meM anta taka jaina zramaNa raheMge, lekina yaha nahIM likhA ki akhaNDa rUpa se raheMge, kucha kAla ke lie bAdhA bhI A sakatI hai| ataH aise samaya meM zrAmaNyArthI ko binA AcArya ke zramaNa dharma ko aMgIkAra karanA hogaa| dvitIya yaha hai ki sAdhu ho, lekina usa samaya upalabdha na ho sake jaise ki rAjA madhu ne hAthI para car3he hI binA kisI AcArya ke zramaNa dharma ko svIkArA thaa| parantu dIkSA aura dAna zabda ke bhAvoM para dhyAna deveM to ye zabda to dvitva ke sUcaka hai-prathama dIkSA lene vAlA, dvitIya dIkSA kA dAna dene vAlA AcArya hai| dAna zabda hI sApekSa hai|

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dIkSA grahaNa vidhi 149 __ jaise sampatti do taraha se prApta hotI hai, prathama to svayaM ke viveka evaM zakti ke AdhAra para prayatna kara prApta karanA - isa sthiti meM ati alpa, mahApauruSavanta puruSa Ate haiM, inake patha kA koI pradarzaka nahIM hotA hai| dvitIya ve jo paramparA se prApta zailI ko prApta kara tadviSayaka anubhavI vidvAnoM se nirdezana prApta karate hue dhana prApta karate haiN| isameM sabhI sAmAnya jana samAhita haiN| isI prakAra jo kisI se yogya dizA nirdezana prApta na karate hue svayaM sahI dizA kA cayana kara mokSa patha ke pathika hote haiM, ve svayaM sabhI ke patha pradarzaka hote haiM, unakA koI patha pradarzaka nahIM hotA hai| isameM tIrthaMkara hI Ate haiN| dvitIya meM sAmAnya zramaNa hote haiM jo paramparA se prApta AcAryoM ke samakSa pratyakSa rUpa se jAkara dIkSA-dAna kI yAcanA karate haiM, aura AcArya, paramparA se prApta aTThAisa mUlaguNa rUpI sampatti kA dAna karate haiN| parantu aise zrAmaNyArthI jinako durbhAgya se AcArya kI prApti na ho sake to isa paristhiti meM, jinAlaya kI dizA kI ora yA jinavimba ke samakSa jAkara jainAgama kI paramparA ke khaNDana kA bhaya rakhate huye ati sAvadhAnI pUrvaka mana meM AcArya ko sthApita karake zrAmaNya dharma svIkArA jA sakatA hai, jaise ki rAjA madhu ne kiyA thaa| isI prakAra ke udAharaNa jainAgama meM yatra-tatra prApta haiM, parantu yaha rAjamArga nahIM hai| kyoMki aisA karane para jaina paramparA kI vyucchitti kA bhaya jyAdA evaM svacchandatA kI saMbhAvanA adhika rahatI hai| ataH aisA sAmAnya rUpa se karaNIya nahIM hai| AcArya ke samIpa jAkara dIkSA dAna lenA yahI karaNIya rAjamArga hai| dIkSAdAna vidhi meM, AcArya ke samIpa jAkara AcArya ke dvArA parIkSA karaka binA kisI kriyAkANDa ke dIkSA dAna ke udAharaNa hI prApta haiM, parantu "kriyAkalApa" grantha meM likhA hai ki "dIkSA ke pUrva-dina bhojana ke pahale ke samaya para vaha dIkSArthI guru ke pAsa vidhivat pAtra meM bhojana karane kA tyAga karake karapAtra meM bhAjana grahaNa karake jinamandira meM AtA hai| punaH dIkSA ke dina upavAsa grahaNa karane ke lie "vRhatpratyAkhyAna pratiSThApana" kriyA meM siddha bhakti aura yoga bhakti par3hakara guru ke pAsa upavAsa sahita pratyAkhyAna grahaNa karake AcArya bhakti, zAMti bhakti, aura samAdhi bhakti par3hakara guru ko namaskAra karatA hai|150 yaha paddhati sambhavataH dIkSArthI ke pUrvAbhyAsa hetu calAyI gayI hai, parantu phira granthakAroM meM vartamAna kAlIna muni vidyAnanda, ne "piccha kamaNDalu", meM evaM AryikA jJAnamati ne "digambara muni" meM dIkSArthI ke dvArA gaNadhara valaya, zAnti vidhAna evaM cAritra zuddhi vidhAna Adi kAryakrama karAne ke lie likhA hai isakA to aucitya mAnA jA sakatA hai parantu dIkSArthI ko maMgala snAna, yathAyogya vastra alaMkAra Adi se yukta mahAmahotsava ( gAje bAje se) ke sAtha dIkSAvidhi meM zAmila karake dIkSAvidhi ko eka pradarzana kI vasta banAkara rakha diyA hai| dIkSA jaisI vidhi meM bAhya prapaMcoM kA anta karake hI praveza karanA uttama hai| dIkSA ke hetu AcArya ke evaM samasta saMgha ke sammukha upasthita hone para evaM unase anumati milane para kezalAMca karate hue nagnatva svIkAra karanA cAhie, tatpazcAt AcArya

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150 jaina zramaNa : svaspa aura samIkSA usakA nAma rakhate hue mastaka ko bAyeM hAtha se sparza karate hue nimna mantra par3hate haiN|" "OM Namo arahatANaM Namo siddhANaM Namo AyariyANaM Namo uvajjhAyANaM Namo lAe savvasAhUNaM / OM paramahaMsAya parameSThine haMsa haMsa haM hAM haM ho hai haH jinAya namaH jinaM sthApayAmi saMvauSaT / isa maMtra ko par3hakara zrAmaNyArthI meM "jina" ke rUpa meM 28 mUlaguNoM kI usameM nAma sthApanA kara dete haiM, tathA vaha aTThAisa mUlaguNa svIkAra karake apane gurujana se apane kartavya karma ko sunatA hai aura use svIkAra karate hue zramaNa ho jAtA hai| tatpazcAt gurvAbali dete haiN| svasti zrI mahAvIra nirvANAbde----tame mAsAnAmuttame mAsi----pakSe----tithi vAsare mUlasaMghe . sarasvatI gacche senagaNe zrImatkundakundAcAryaparamparAyAM gurU zrI----ticchipya zrI----ziSyasya ziSyaH ----nAmadyeyastvamasi / 151 atha picchopakaraNadAnam OM Namo arhNtaannN| bho antevAsin! SaDa jIvanikAyarakSaNAya mArdava saukumAryarajaH svedAgraha laghutva paMcaguNopetamidaM picchopakaraNaM gRhANa! gRhANa! iti picchikaadaanm| 'atha zaucopakaraNa pradAnam OM Namo arhtaannN| ratnatrayapavitrIkaraNAMgAya bAhyAbhyantara malazuddhAya namaH / bhA antevAsin! idaM zaucopakaraNaM gRhANa! gRhANa! iti guru: vAmahastena kamaNDalu dadyAt / atha zAstra dAnam OM Namo arhtaannN| matizrutAvadhimanaH paryayakevalajJAnAya dvAdazAMgazrutAya namaH / bhoantevAsin! idaM jJAnopakaraNaM gRhANa! gRhANa! iti zAstra dAnam / isa prakAra isa dIkSA ke pazcAt hI anya muni prativandanA karate haiN| picchi-kamaNDalu picchi zabda kevala mayUra paMkha kA vAcaka hai| amarakoSakAra ne likhA hai "picchivarhenapuMsake" picchi aura vaha mayUra paMkha ke vAcaka haiM aura napuMsaka liMga haiN| yaha mayUra picchi digambara muni ke lie saMyama kA sAdhana to hai hI, sAtha hI mudrA bhI hai| mudrA arthAt cinha kI sarvatra AvazyakatA evaM mAnyatA hai| nItisAra meM kahA gayA hai ki

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-151 picchi-kamaNDalu "mudrA sarvatra mAnyA syAnnirmudro naiva manyate" arthAt mudrA kI saba jagaha mAnyatA hai jisake pAsa mudrA nahIM hotI, usakI loka meM bhI mAnyatA nahIM hotI hai| rASTra kI bhI apanI mudrA hotI hai| kAgaja kA rUpayA bhI mudrA se calatA hai, anyathA usakI kImata nahIM hai| isI taraha digambara muni bhI picchi aura kamaNDalu se jAne jAte haiN| inake binA to unmatta puruSa ke bhrama kI saMbhAvanAeM hI prabala rahatI haiN| bhadrabAhu kriyAsAra meM zramaNa ke lie picchi rakhanA anivArya batalAyA hai| jo savaNo Nahi picchaM giNahadi Nidedi muuddhcaaritto| so savva-saMgha vajjho avaMdamijjo sadA hodi|| 79 / / arthAt jo zramaNa picchi ko grahaNa nahIM karatA aura usakI nindA karatA hai vaha "mUr3ha cAritra" hai| kyoMki cAritra pAlana meM kAryotsarga aura Ane-jAne meM tathA uThane-baiThane meM picchi se parimArjita karane kI AvazyakatA hai| picchi binA samyak cAritra kA pAlana nahIM hotA hai| ataH picchi ke binA zramaNa, saMgha se niSkAsana karane yogya hai aura avandanIya hai| isa kAraNa picchi jinazAsana kI zAna hai| digambara zramaNa ke lie mayUra ke paMkha kI picchi kA upayoga karane ke lie kahA gayA hai| eka ahiMsaka evaM mahAvratadhArI zramaNa ke lie prakRti dvArA sahaja-pradatta isa prakAra ke upAdAna ko svIkAranA ahiMsA meM sAdhaka hI hai, bAdhaka nhiiN| digambara zramaNa ke pAsa kucha bhI vastrAdika kRtrima parigraha nahIM hotA hai, yadi aisA hotA to usako bhI zvetAmbaroM kI taraha rajoharaNa Adi jaise upakaraNa diye jaate| parantu nagna nirIha zramaNa ko kisI prakAra kA pANipAda-sparza-AghAta, Alekhanajanya doSa na lage, isI prayojana vaza picchi rakhane kA vidhAna hai| tatvArtha zloka vArtikakAra ne "dattAdAnaM steyaM152 kI vyAkhyA meM nirdeza diyA hai ki, kisI ke dvArA diye binA kisI vastu ko aise hI grahaNa kara lenA corI kahalAtI haiyaha sAmAnya niyama hai| cAhe saMsArI vyakti ho athavA vItarAgI muni, adattAdAna sabhI ke lie niSiddha hai| taba picchi aura kamaNDalu ke lie zramaNa kyA kareM ? yAcanA karanA niMdanIya hai| sAtha hI zauca evaM saMyama ke lie unakA rakhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| isa tathya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki digambara muni ko dharma pAlane ke lie zAstrAdeza ke pAlana meM, nadiyoM, jharanoM kA jala, zuSka bhasma Adi tathA svayaMmukta mayUrapicchi, svayaMvRntacyuta tumbIphala Adi grahaNa karanA steya nahIM hai| zramaNa ko saMyama ke lie mayUra picchi ke prayoga kA hI nirdeza hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha grAma athavA vana prAyaH sabhI jagaha pAyA jAtA hai| yaha vastu vyavasthA ke kauzala evaM Adarza kA pratIka hai| isI ke paMkha aise haiM ki jo atyanta sukomala evaM dopanirodhaka hai

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA tathA kArtika mAsa meM svataH jhar3a jAte haiN| apane Apa jhar3akara bhUmi para par3e hue ina paMkhoM ko lene para muni ko adattAdAna se utpanna hone vAlA corI kA doSa nahI lagatA hai, aura bar3e paimAne para milate rahane kI vajaha se inakI prApti meM vighna nahIM AtA hai| ye sadaiva, prativarSa niyata samaya para binA hiMsA ke, vRkSoM se svayaM gire hue pattoM kI taraha jhar3a jAte haiM / parantu isakA artha yaha nahIM ki isI taraha prakRti pradatta anya sAmagrI bhI jo svayaM gira jAtI hai (phalAdika) bhramaNa grahaNa kara sakeM / mayUrapiccha ke grahaNa kA isa taraha kA vidhAna to unakI ahiMsaka vRtti ko nirAbAdha pAlana hetu hai / 152 mayUrapiccha ke guNa batalAte hue AcArya zivArya kahate haiM ki jo picchi dhUla aura pasIne ko na pakar3atI ho, komala sparzavAlI ho, sukumAra ho, halkI ho, jisameM ye pA~ca guNa hote haiM vaha pratilekhanA prazaMsanIya hai| 153 isakI vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA hai ki "saci yA acitta raja aura pasIne ko grahaNa na karatI ho, kyoMki acitta raja ko grahaNa karane vAlI picchi se sacitta raja kI pratilekhanA karane para unameM rahane vAle jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai / aura sacitta raja ko grahaNa karane vAlI picchi se raja meM rahane vAle jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai| pasIne ko pakar3ane vAlI picchi se raja meM rahane vAle jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai / ataH picchi, komala sparza vAlI, sukumAra aura halkI honI caahie| jisa pratilekhana meM ye pA~ca guNa hote haiM, dayA kI vidhi ko jAnane vAle usakI prazaMsA karate haiN| isakA bhAva yaha hai ki kaThora, asukumAra aura bhArI pratilekhanA se jIvoM kA ghAta hI hotA hai, dayA nahIM / picchi ke prayoga kI vidhi batalAte hue kahA ki "gamana meM, grahaNa meM rakhane meM mala-tyAga ke sthAna meM, baiThane meM, zayana meM, Upara ko mukha karake sone meM, karavaTa lene meM, hAtha-paira phailAna meM saMkocana meM aura sparzana meM picchi se parimArjana karanA caahie|' 54 zvetAmbarIya paramparA meM isa picchikA ko rajoharaNa se vyavahata kiyA hai| digambara paramparA meM to mayUra paMkha kI picchi hotI hai, isalie isakA nAma bhI picchi par3A / parantu zvetAmbara zramaNa mayUra kI piccha prayoga nahIM karate haiN| unake yahA~ rajoharaNa nimna vastuoM se banate haiN| 1. aurNika bher3a kI Una se bane rajoharaNa 2. auSTrika - U~Ta ke bAloM se bane rajoharaNa 3. sAnika sana se bane rajoharaNa - 4. paccApicciya - valvaja nAmaka moTI ghAsa ko kUTakara banAyA gayA rajoharaNa 5. mujjApicciya- mUMja ko kUTakara banAyA rajoharaNa 155 yahA~ para zvetAmbara paramparA ke ye rajoharaNa, cU~ki yahA~ parigraha ke pratIka vastrAdika bhI svIkRta haiM / ataH phira sahaja rUpa se rajoharaNa bhI usI zailI ke svIkRta hue| uparyukta vidhi se bane rajoharaNoM meM U~Ta aura bher3a ke bAloM- rAmoM se banAye hue rajoharaNoM meM sammUrcchana jIva bhI paidA hote haiN| jabaki mayUrapicchi ke sAtha aisA nahIM hai| tathA rajIharaNa

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picchi- kamaNDalu sahaja prApta bhI nahIM hai, apitu prayatna prApta hai evaM mRdu, sukumAra, Adi paMcaguNa bhI nahIM haiN| ataH mayUrapiccha hI sarvotkRSTa ThaharatI hai / yaha sarvotkRSTa mayUra picchi hote hue bhI isakA svacchandatA pUrvaka upayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi koI zramaNa picchi ko takiyA, mantra-tantra, jhAr3a, phU~ka, gaNDA, tAvIja Adi laukika kisI bhI kArya hetu apanI sukha-suvidhA yaza Adi kI cAha ke rUpa meM karatA hai athavA sUrya kI teja dhUpa se bacane ke lie zira mastaka DhA~kane ke kAma meM le, to usa picchi ko bhoga sAmagrI ke rUpa meM prayoga karane ke kAraNa vaha bhogI hai, yogI nahIM / ataH aisA zramaNa prAyazcitta kalyANa ke yogya hai| isI prakAra ke bhAva kA nimna zloka hai| ucchIrSasya vidhAne'pi pratilekhasya chaMde / mastakAravaraNAddeyaM kalyANaM vA na duSyati / / 156 153 ati prAcIna kAla se zramaNa picchi dhAraNa karate Aye haiM / hinduoM ke padmapurANa ke terahaveM adhyAya meM tathA viSNupurANa evaM zivapurANa meM picchi kA nirUpaNa digambara sAdhu ke. lie kiyA gayA hai| kramazaH udAharaNa dekheM yogI digambaro muNDo varhipicchadharodvijaH (padma pu. ) tato digambaro muNDo varhipicchadharo dvijaH (viSNu pu.) mayUra candrikA muNjapicchikAM dhArayan kare (ziva pu. ) picchi- kamaNDalu dhAraNa karane para logoM kI zraddhA hotI hai| mokSamArga meM vizvAsa rahatA hai / parantu picchi- kamaNDalu dhAraNa karane mAtra se hI vaha mokSa kA adhikArI nahIM ho jAtA hai| sarahapAda meM likhA hai ki 157 picchiggahaNe diTThi mokkha tA moraha camaraha / uccha bhoaNe hoI jANatA kariha turaMgaha / / arthAt yadi picchi grahaNa karane mAtra se mukti kI prApti hotI to isakA prathama adhikArI mayUra honA cAhie, aura yadi uNcha bhojana se mukti milatI to pazuoM ko, jo vana meM idhara-udhara nAnA vRkSoM ke patte khAkara apanI jIvana vRtti calAte haiM, unako mokSa pahale miltaa| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki samyak cAritra se hI mukti milatI hai| 158 bhramaNa ke grAhya ye upakaraNa vyavahAra zAstra ke aMga haiN| jaba muni AcArya kI vandanA karate samaya picchi ko mastaka se lagAkara pazvardhazAyyA se "maiM vandanA karatA huuN| aisA 59

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jaina : svaspa aura samIkSA kahate hue namaskAra karate haiM, taba AcArya bhI apane hAtha meM picchi lekara muni kI prativandanA karate haiN| 16 160 154 vyavahAra zAstra ke aMgabhUta ina upakaraNoM ko nyUna saMyama vAle apavAdamArgI zramaNoM ko hI AvazyakatA hotI hai; utsargamArgI dhArI upekSAsaMyama vAle vItarAga cAritravaMto ko Avazyaka nhiiN| isa tathya ko batalAte hue kundakunda kRta niyamasAra gA. 64 kI TIkA karate hue amRtacandra kahate haiM ki, "apahRtasaMyaminAM saMyamajJAnAdyupakaraNagrahaNavisarga samaya samudbhava samitiprakAroktiriyam / upekSAsaMyaminAM na pustakakamaNDaluprabhRtayaH, atarate paramajinamunayaH ekAnto nispRhAH, ata eva bAyopakaraNa nirmuktAH / abhyantaropakaraNaM nijaparamatatvaprakAzadakSaM nirupAdhisvarUpa sahajajJAnamantareNa na kimapyupAdeyamasti / apahRtasaMyamadharANAM paramAgamArthasya punaH punaH pratyabhijJAna kAraNaM pustakaM jJAnopakaraNamiti yAvat, zaucopakaraNaM ca kAyavizuddhi hetuH kamaNDalu, saMyamopakaraNa hetuH picchiH / arthAt apahRta saMyamiyoM ko ( sarAga caritra, nyUnatAsahita saMyama ) saMyama jJAnAdika ke upakaraNa lete- rakhate samaya utpanna hone vAlI samiti kA prakAra kahA hai / upekSA saMyamiyoM ko (utsarga, nizcayanaya) pustaka, kamaNDalu, Adi nahIM hote haiM, ve paramajina muni ekAnta meM (sarvathA ) nispRha hote haiM / isIlie ve bAhyopakaraNa rahita hote haiN| abhyaMtara upakaraNabhUta, nijaparamatatva ko prakAzita karane meM catura aisA jo nirupAdhi svarUpa sahaja- jJAna usake atirikta anya kucha upAdeya nahIM hai| apahRtasaMyamadharoM ko paramAgama ke artha kA punaH punaH pratyabhijJAna hone meM kAraNabhUta aisI pustaka vaha jJAna kA upakaraNa hai, zauca kA upakaraNa kAyavizuddhi ke hetu-bhUta kamaNDalu hai, saMyama kA upakaraNa hetu picchi hai / bhAvasaMgrahakAra ne avadhi jJAna prApti ke pUrva taka svayaMpatita mayUra picchi ko pratilekhana zuddhi ke lie Avazyaka btlaayaa| 161 kundakunda ke bhAvaprAbhRta gA. 81 ke caturtha caraNa "jiNaliMga NimmalaM zuddha" kI TIkA karate hue muni zrutasAgara ne kahA hai ki "jiNaliMga NimmalaM zuddha" jinaliMga nagnarupamarhanmudrA mayUra picchikamaNDalu sahitaM nirmala kathyate / tadvayarahitaliMga kazmalamityucyate tIrthaMkara paramadevAttaptadve binA avadhijJAnAdRte cetyarthaH / arthAt mayUra picchi va kamaNDalu sahita nagna rUpa hI arhanta bhagavAna kI mudrA hai, aura vaha nirdoSa tathA nirmala hai| jo ina donoM se rahita nagna rUpa hai vaha malina kahA jAtA hai| kintu tIrthaMkara paramadeva, saptardvi dhAraka, tathA avadhijJAnI ke picchi kamaNDalu dhAraNa Avazyaka nahIM hai| ye picchi - kamaNDalu rahita hI arhanta mudrAdhAraka haiN| "mahAvIra carita "

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picchi- kamaNDalu meM dIkSA lete hI manaH paryaya jJAna evaM apramatta guNasthAna tIrthaMkara ke kahA hai / taba picchikamaNDalu kA grahaNa sambhava nahIM hai| 162 jayasena kRta pratiSThApATha meM kahA hai ki kamaNDalupicchi kA grahaNa tIrthaMkara ke nahIM hotA, kyoMki unake zauca kriyA aura jIva hiMsA kA abhAva hai| kamaNDalu picchi kA prayoga to sAmAnya sAdhu ke lie upayogI hai, kyoMki unake zauca kriyA aura jIva hiMsA hai| jinasena kRta Adi purANa meM bhI dIkSAkalyANaka meM RSabhadeva ke kahIM bhI picchiM kamaNDalu grahaNa nahIM batalAyA hai| isI prakAra pratiSThAcArya durgAprasAda jI ne bhI bhagavAna ke dIkSA samaya picchi - kamaNDalu kA abhAva batalAyA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke picchi- kamaNDalu kA niSedha batalAyA hai| 155 tatvArtha zloka vArtika meM "picchi" ke uparyukta prasaMgoM ke sAtha eka aura prazna uThAyA hai ki jaba zramaNa picchi rakhate haiM to usakA parigraha hone se mUrcchA mAnanI cAhiye ? kyoMki uThAte haiM, rakhate haiM, yaha binA mUrcchA ke kaise sambhava hai ? isakA samAdhAna dete hue AcArya vidyAnanda mahodaya kahate haiM ki, "isIlie paramanirgranthatA ho jAne para parihAra- vizuddhi saMyamavAloM ke picchikA tyAga ho jAtA hai, jaise sUkSma- sAmparAya aura yathAkhyAta - saMyama vAloM ke ho jAtA hai, kintu sAmAyika aura chaMdopasthApanA saMyama vAle zramaNoM ke saMyama kA upakaraNa hone se pratilekhana (picchi) kA grahaNa sUkSma mUrcchA ke sadbhAva meM bhI yukta hI hai| dvitIya, usameM jaina mArga kA virodha nahIM hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jina sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA saMyama vAle muniyoM ke picchi Adi kA grahaNa hai; kyoMki unake sUkSma mUcchA kA sadbhAva hai, aura zeSa tIna saMyama vAle muniyoM ke picchi Adi kA tyAga ho jAne sa unake mUrcchA nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki muni ke lie picchi Adi kA grahaNa jaina mArga se aviruddha hai / ataH usake grahaNa meM koI doSa nahIM hai| lekina isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki muni vastra Adi kA bhI grahaNa karane lage; kyoMki vastra Adi nAgnya aura saMyama ke upakaraNa nahIM haiM; dUsare, ve jaina mArga ke virodhI haiM, tIsare, ve sabhI ke upayoga ke sAdhana haiN| isake alAvA, kevala tIna-cAra piccha va kevala alAvUphala- tUmarI (kamaNDalu ) prAyaH mUlya meM nahIM milate haiM, jisase unheM bhI upayoga kA sAdhana kahA jAe / niHsandeha yadi mUlya dekara picchAdi kA bhI grahaNa kiyA jAe to vaha Apattijanaka hai, kyoMki usameM siddhAnta virodha hai 163 tAtparya hai ki picchAdika na to mUlyavAna vastue~ haiM, aura na hI dUsaroM ke upayoga kI vastue~ hIM, ataH muni ke lie usake grahaNa meM mUrcchA nahIM hai| lekina vastrAdi mUlyavAna vastue~ anyoM ke bhI upabhogya haiM, ataH unake grahaNa meM mamatvarUpa mUrcchA hotI hai| uparyukta ina uddharaNoM se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki, avadhi jJAna ke pUrva taka picchi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai evaM sAmAyika tathA chedopasthApanA cAritra dhArI ke lie picchi anivArya AvazyakatA hai| yaha cAritra chaThaveM se nave guNasthAna taka hotA hai, parantu parihAravizuddhi cAritra vAloM kA zarIra sUkSma jIvoM ko bAdhita nahIM karatA hai, ataH unake picchi

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156 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isI prakAra dasaveM guNasthAna meM hone vAlA sUkSma- sAMparAya evaM 11 veM se 14veM guNasthAna taka yathAkhyAta- cAritra meM sUkSma mUrchA kA bhI abhAva hone se tathA picchi ke dhAraNa kA vikalpa nahIM hone se picchi nahIM rahatI hai| cUMki picchi mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM hai| ataH guNasthAna bar3hane para picchi chUTa jAtI hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke nihAra nahIM hotA hai| ataH unake zarIra kI zuddhi ke lie kamaNDalu kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| guNasthAnoM kI upekSA uparyukta chedopasthApanA, parihAra-vizuddhi Adi caritra kA varNana agale adhyAya meM kiyA jaaegaa| "mayUrapicchi" meM vastugata vicAra kara yadi yaha kahA jAe ki mayUra kA parityakta aMga hone ke kAraNa apavitra hai, ataH isakA grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie; to isakA uttara muni cAmuNDarAya ne dete hue kahA ki mayUrapicchi, sarpamaNi, aura sIpa se utpanna motI Adi zarIra se utpanna evaM azuci hote hue bhI loka vyavahAra meM pavitra mAna liye gaye haiN|164 ataH pratilekhana zuddhi ke lie picchi ko rakhanA zAstra sammata evaM loka sammata hai| yaha mAtra jIvadayA hetu svIkRta hai| mayUra picchi meM hI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki netroM meM phirAne para bhI netra meM pIr3A nahIM hotI hai evaM paMcaraMgA hone se pA~ca pApoM ke tyAga rUpa saMkalpa kA pratIka bhI hai| parantu sAmAyika evaM chedApasthApanA ke alAvA zeSa cAritra meM saMkalpoM ke vikalpoM kA abhAva hone se picchi bhI svataH chUTa jAtI hai| kamaNDalu ko sammUrcchana jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacAne ke lie pandraha-pandraha dinoM meM prakSAlita kara (bAhara-bhItara se dhokara) svaccha karate rahanA caahie| yadi eka pakSa ke pazcAt bhI usako zuddha na kiyA gayA to pratikramaNa evaM upavAsa prAyazcitta ke yogya vaha zramaNa hai| isI prakAra usa kamaNDalu ko vaha zramaNa jina-mandira kI vedI ke pAsa na laM jAve, evaM AhAra ke samaya pAsa na rakhe kyoMki kamaNDalu zauca- kriyA meM prayukta hone ke kAraNa azuddha hone se loka viruddha hai| ____ isa prakAra jaina zramaNa picchi- kamaNDalu ko rakhakara usase saMyama bhAva evaM jIva dayA ko puSTa karate haiM, evaM sarvotkRSTa cAritra ko prApta karate haiN| logoM ko isa mudrA para vizvAsa jAgRta rahatA hai| ataH picchi-kamaNDalu ke rUpa meM yaha mudrA sarvatra AdaraNIya hotI hai| utsarga-apavAda mArga : mokSa kA mArga to apanI AtmA meM cira pariNati rUpa sAdhanA kA nAma hai, aura isa avasthA meM lagI huyI dazA ko zrAmaNya kahA jAtA hai| zrAmaNya kA apara nAma sAmya hai| isa avasthA ko prApta sAdhaka kI anAdi-kAlIna saMskAravaza yaha kamajorI hotI hai ki vaha akhaNDataH antarmuhurta taka svarUpa meM nahIM raha pAtA hai| zArIrika AvazyakatAoM kI

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utsarga apavAda mArga 157 pUrti bhI karanI par3atI hai, parantu yaha usakI mUla sAdhanA nahIM hai| zarIra kI sthiti ke kAraNa AhAra-vihAra Adi meM pravRtti bhI karanI par3atI hai, yadi sarvathA use upekSita kara de, to yaha niHsandeha atyuttama kArya to hai, parantu usameM vidyamAna kamajoriyA~ aisA nahIM hone detIM, aura aisI sthiti meM kahIM mUla kA hI ghAta na ho jaae| ataH vaha talavAra kI dhAra para calane ke samAna, zArIrika kriyAe~ bhI sampanna karatA hai, parantu una kriyAoM meM anargala pravRtti nahIM karatA hai, kyoMki isase usakI sAdhanA hI sambhava nhiiN| ataH vaha sAdhaka donoM hI sthitiyoM meM ati santulana karake calatA hai| isI ubhaya pakSIya sAdhanA ko utsarga aura apavAda arthAt Atmika caryA utsarga evaM zArIrika caryA ko apavAda mArga kahate haiN| vastutaH mokSa kA mArga to eka hI hai, utsarga aura apavAda ye do mArga nahIM haiN| utsarga aura apavAda ye donoM nayoM ke bheda haiN| utsarga ko dravyArthika evaM apavAda ko paryAyArthika naya kahate haiN| anekAntAtmaka vastu meM virodha ke binA hetu kI mukhyatA se sAdhya vizeSa kI yathArthatA ko prApta karAne meM samartha prayoga ko naya kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM. drvyaarthik-pryaayaarthik| dravya kA artha sAmAnya, utsarga aura anuvRti hai, isako viSaya karane vAlA naya dravyArthika, tathA paryAya kA artha vizeSa/apavAda/vyAvRtti hai usako viSaya karane vAlA paryAyArthika naya kahalAtA hai|165 ina dravyArthika, paryAyArthika nayoM ko nizcaya aura vyavahAra zabdoM meM prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| jo yathArtha svarUpa ko prakaTa kare use nizcaya naya aura jo prayojanAdi kI apekSA vastu tatva ko kahe use vyavahAra naya kahate haiN| . vastutaH parama sAmAyika rUpa Atmika sthiratA hI mokSa mArga hai| isa svarUpa ko batalAne vAlA utsarga mArga hai, parantu jaba svarUpa sthiratA nahIM ho pAtI hai, aura usase cheda dazA hotI hai to usa dazA meM bhI sAmAyika kI ora sanmukhatA liye hue pariNAma ko mokSamArga kA Aropa hone se use apavAda mArga kahA hai| sAmAyika avasthA rUpa utsarga-mArga ko to sAmAnya rUpa se kaha diyA gayA, usakA vizeSa bheda evaM vyAkhyAna kiyA hI nahIM jA sakatA hai| parantu apavAda mArga ko vizeSa rUpa se bheda spa hone ke kAraNa koI mArgabhUla na ho jAne kI AzaMkA se kahA jAtA hai| darzanapAhuDa kI TIkA meM bhI "vizeSokto vidhirapavAda iti paribhASaNAt" arthAt vizeSa rUpa se kahI gayI vidhi ko apavAda kahA hai|" vizeSa vizeSaNa isalie DAlA gayA ki jo sAmAnya paddhati ke Azrita nahIM raha pAye, arthAt sAmAnya niyamoM meM nahIM raha pAte unheM sAmAnya rakhane ke lie vizeSa niyama banAne par3ate haiN| isI kAraNa "vizeSa" vizeSaNa DAlA gyaa| jaise ki prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara ke zAsana ke jIva ajJAnI evaM vakra gati ke jIva the| ataH unake lie mokSamArga kA vizeSa rUpa se arthAt aneka niyamoM upaniyamoM meM varNana karanA pdd'aa| parantu madhya ke tIrthaMkara ke zAsana ke jIva sAmAnya the, arthAt ajJAnI evaM vakramati ke nahIM the, ve izAre meM bAta samajha lete the, aura usa bAta kA chala grahaNa nahIM karate the| ataH vizepa niyamoM kI AvazyakatA

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA nahIM pdd'ii| usI prakAra sAmAnya rUpa se mokSa kA mArga AtmA ko jAno mAno aura usameM ramaNa karo, sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne yahI kahA / parantu jaba usameM sthira rahA na jAe to anyathA, pravRtti na hone lge| ataH anargala pravRtti ko rokane ke lie hI apavAda-mArga kA Aya liyA gyaa| apavAda mArga mokSamArga nahIM apitu usakA sahayogI hai| 158 pravacanasAra meM gA. 230 kI amRtacandra TIkA meM bhI yahI dekhane ko milatA hai / vahA~ kahA hai ki " " zarIrasya zuddhAtmatatva sAdhanabhUta saMyama sAdhanatvena mUlabhUtasya chedo na yathA syAt tathA bAla vRddhazrAntaglAnasyasvasya yogya mRdvApyAcaraNamAcaraNIyamityapavAdaH / " arthAt bAla, vRddha, zrAnta va glAna muniyoM ko zuddhAtmatatva ke sAdhana bhUta saMyama kA sAdhana hone ke kAraNa jo mUlabhUta haiM, usakA cheda jisa prakAra na ho usa prakAra apane yogya mRdu AcaraNa hI AcaranA cAhie, isa prakAra apavAda hai| AcArya jayasena bhI isa gAthA meM yahI kahate haiM ki "asamartha puruSaH zuddhAtmabhAvanA sahakAritabhUtaM kimapi prAsukAhAra jJAnopakaraNAdikaM gRhaNAtItya'pavAdo "vyavahAranaya" ekadeza parityAgastathA cApahRtasaMyamaH sarAgacaritraM zubhopayoga iti yAvadekArthaH " arthAt asamartha jana zuddhAtmabhAvanA ke sahakArI bhUta jo kucha bhI prAsukAhAra jJAna va upakaraNa Adi kA grahaNa karate haiM, usI ko apavAda, vyavahAranaya, ekadeza tyAga, apahRta saMyama, sarAgacAritra, zubhopayoga ina nAmoM se kahA gayA hai| pravacanasAra meM hI amRta candra ne utsarga mArga kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA ki Atmadravyasya dvitIyapudgaladravyA bhAvAtsarvaevopAdhiH pratiSaddhaH utsargaH 166 arthAt utsarga mArga vaha hai ki jisameM sarva parigraha kA tyAga kiyA jAve, kyoMki AtmA ke eka apane bhAva ke atirikta paradravya rUpa dUsarA pudgala bhAva nahIM hai| aura cUMki vrata, tapa Adi zubha bhAva paudgalika bhAva haiM, kyoMki yaha para arthAt zArIrAzrita haiM / ataH utsarga mArga parigraha rahita hai / zuddhAtmA ke sivAya anya jo kucha bhI bAhya abhyantara parigraha rUpa hai usa sarva kA tyAga hI utsarga hai| 68 nizcaya naya kaho yA sarva parityAga kaho yA paramopekSA saMyama kahAM, yA vItarAga cAritra kaho yA zuddhopayoga ye sabhI ekArthavAcI haiN| 167 ataH bAla, vRddha, zramita yA glAna ( rogI ) ko bhI saMyama kA jo zuddhAtma tatva kA sAdhana hone se mUlabhUta hai usakA cheda jaise na ho usa prakAra saMyata ko apane yogya ati karkaza AcaraNa hI AcaranA utsarga hai| aura yahI utsarga vastudharma arthAt zramaNa dharma hai| mokSamArga kA kAraNa hai| apavAda mAkSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa nahIM hai| 169 kyoMki jaba sarvajJa deva ne deha ko parigraha kahakara deha meM bhI saMskAra rahitapanA kahA hai| taba anya parigrahoM ko to avakAza hI kahA~ hai| jaina darzana meM yathAjAta rUpa, liMga, guru ke vacana, sUtroM kA adhyayana aura vinaya bhI upakaraNa kahe haiM, aura upakaraNa parigraha hai / ataH isako apavAda-mArga meM hI svIkArA hai, utsarga-mArga ke rUpa meM sAkSAt mokSamArga nahIM kahA hai|

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utsarga apavAda mArga 159 uparyukta "cAra upakaraNa aniSaddha upadhi apavAda haiM, vahA~ vAstava meM aisA hI hai ki jo zrAmaNya paryAya ke sahakArImata kAraNa ke rUpa meM upakAra karane vAlA hone se upakaraNa haiM. dUsarA nahIM hai| spaSTIkaraNa yaha hai ki sahaja rUpa se apekSita yathAjAtarUpa pane ke kAraNa jo bahiraMga liMga bhUta hai aise kAya pudgala,(2) jinakA zravaNa kiyA jAtA hai aise tatkAlabodhaka gurU ke dvArA kahe jAne para "Atmatatva dyotaka saphala upadeza rUpa vacana pudgala (3) tathA jinakA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai aise nitya bodhaka, anAdinidhana, zuddha Atma tatva ko prakAzita karane meM samartha zrutajJAna ke sAdhanabhUta zabdAtmaka sUtra pudgala aura (4) zuddhAtma tatva ko vyakta karane vAlI jo dArzanika paryAyeM, una rUpa se pariNamita puruSa ke prati vinItatA kA abhiprAya pravartita karane vAle citta pudgala kA grahaNa bhI apavAda-mArga bhAvArtha yaha hai ki jisa zramaNa kI zrAmaNya paryAya ke sahakArI kAraNabhUta sabhI kRtrimatAoM se rahita yathAjAtarupa ke sammukha vRtti jAye, use kAya kA parigraha hai, jisa zramaNa kI guru-upadeza ke zramaNa meM vRtti ruke, use vacana pudgala kA parigraha hai, jisa zramaNa kI sUtrAdhyayana meM vRtti ruke, usake pudgaloM kA parigraha hai, aura jisa zramaNa ke yogya puruSa ke vinaya rUpa pariNAma hoM usake mana ke pudgaloM kA parigraha hai| yadyapi yaha parigraha upakaraNabhUta hai, isalie apavAda mArga meM niSedha nahIM hai|170 yaha apavAda mArga cAmuNDarAya ne utkRSTa, madhyama, evaM jaghanya ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA kahA hai jo muni vasatikA aura AhAra ina donoM vAhya sAdhanoM ko prAsuka grahaNa karate haiM, tathA svAdhIna va parAdhIna donoM prakAra ke jJAna va cAritra pAlate haiM, aise muni bAhara ke choTe-bar3e kIr3e Adi jIvoM ke milane para usa deza va sthAna se apanI AtmA ko haTA kara ( apane Apa haTakara ) una jIvoM kI rakSA kara dete haiM, ise utkRSTa saMyama kahate haiN| jo muni aise jIvoM ke milane para picchi Adi komala upakaraNa se dekhakara una jIvA ko haTA dete haiM vaha madhyama saMyama hai| jo komala upakaraNa ke sivAya kisI bhI anya upakaraNa se una jIvoM ko haTAne kI icchA rakhate haiM use jaghanya saMyama kahate haiN|171 muni ko sarva prakAra se apane saMyama kI rakSA karanI caahie| yadi saMyama kA pAlana karane meM apanA maraNa hotA ho to usa samaya ke pariNAmoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kArya karanA caahie| samantabhadra ke asAdhya roga ke hone para, munivrata ko choDakara tathA gRhasthAvasthA meM

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160 jaina zramaNa : svaspa aura samIkSA svastha hokara punaH dIkSita hue, ) parantu U~ce pada para rahakara usako kalaMkita karanA mahAn akSamya aparAdha hai| vaise isa paristhiti meM samAdhimaraNa yogya hai, parantu samAdhimaraNa na kara sake athavA usakA jIvana dharma pracAra meM gati de sake to dIkSA cheda anupayogI nahIM hai| isa taraha muni doSoM se rahita hotA hai, vaha phira se zuddha ho sakatA hai, aura usake vratabhaMga kA doSa nahIM lagatA hai|172 parantu muni pada rahate hue vaha sAdhu jisa zuddha-azuddha deza meM jaisA-taisA zuddha-azuddha AhAra va upakaraNa grahaNa karatA hai to vaha zramaNa guNa se rahita hokara saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAlA hI hai|173 jo muni jinaliMga ko dhAraNa karake phira bhI icchita parigraha kA grahaNa karate haiN| he jIvaH ve hI vamana karake phira usa vamana ko pIche nigalate haiN|174 ataH apavAda kA artha svacchandatA nahIM hai| apavAda mArga meM bhI yogya hI upadhi Adi ke grahaNa kI AjJA hai ayogya kI nhiiN| zve. paM. sukhalAla jI saMghavI ne apavAda mArga meM sAmiSa bhojana kA samarthana karate hue jo yaha kahA ki "sAmAnya rUpa se to anagAra muni sAmipa AhAra kI bhikSA lene ko inkAra hI kara detA thA, para bImArI jaise saMyogoM se bAdhita hokara letA bhI thA to use svAda yA puSTi kI dRSTi se nahIM, kevala nirmama va anAsakta dRSTi se jIvana yAtrA ke lie letA thA---prAcIna kAla meM apavAdika rUpa se lI jAne vAlI sAmipa AhAra kI bhikSA kisI bhI taraha se ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapomaya autsargika mArga kI bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatI hai|| kintu sukhalAlajI ke dvArA mAnya apavAda mArga kA yaha svarUpa kadApi saMbhava nhiiN| apavAda kI bhI kucha sImAeM nirdhArita haiM, jinakA ki zramaNa kabhI bhI atikramaNa nahIM karatA hai| jaba zrAvaka ke lie hI upayukta AhAra kA niSedha hai, to zramaNa ke sAmiSa bhojana kI kalpanA kaise kI jA sakatI hai| sAmipa bhojana karanA "cAhe vaha kaisI bhI paristhiti hI kyoM na ho, jaghanya hiMsA hai aura zramaNa aisA trikAla meM nahIM kara sakatA hai, aura jo aisA karatA hai, vaha trikAla meM bhI zramaNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| vaha zrAvaka banakara yatheccha kare to kare, parantu muni pada meM yaha asaMbhava hI hai| apavAda kA artha svacchanda jIvana nahIM hai| isI prakAra zve. muni zrI nyAyavijaya jI ne yaha kahA ki "zikArI zikAra kA pIchA kara rahA hai yadi muni usa samaya atathya bole to usakA apavAda mArga hai---strI nadI meM DUba rahI hai, sAdhu tapasyA choDakara bacAve to vaha brahmacarya meM dopa lagane para bhI apavAda mArga meM hone se karaNIya hai|176 * yahA~ para apavAda ke mAdhyama se svacchandatA kA hI popaNa hai| bhASA samiti ke pAlaka zramaNa ko aise samaya meM mauna dhAraNa karanA cAhie tathA DUbatI huyI strI ko bacAnA sAdhu pada ke yogya nahIM, kyoMki aisI sthiti meM to jaMgala meM "jisakI lAThI usakI bhaisa" kI nIti hone se, vahA~ para kahIM billI cUhA ko to kahIM kuttA billI kA mArate rahate haiM aura yaha saba jaMgala kA mAnya siddhAnta hai| yaha saba zramaNa kI AkhoM ke sAmane hotA rahatA hai, to va dhyAna chor3akara kyA bacAne kA vyavasAya kareMge ? parantu ve ina dazAoM meM anityAdi bAraha

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utsarga apavAda mArga bhAvanAoM kA hI cintana karate haiN| para ko bacAne ke prayatna kA kAma to gRhastha pada ke yogya hai| ataH uparyukta mAnyatAeM apavAda mArga nahIM haiN| vastutaH vahI apavAda svIkRta hai ki jo utsarga kA sAdhaka ho "sAmAnya (utsarga) aura " apavAda" donoM vAkya zAstroM ke eka hI artha ko lekara prayukta haiN| jaise U~ca-nIca kA vyavahAra sApekSa hone se eka hI artha kA sAdhaka hai, vaise hI sAmAnya aura apavAda donoM paraspara eka hone se eka hI artha kA sAdhaka hai, tathA hI sAmAnya aura apavAda donoM paraspara eka hone se eka hI prayojana ko siddha karate haiN| 177 jo loka niMdita na ho, vahI zramaNa ko AcaraNIya hai / yahI AcArya kundakunda pravacanasAra meM kahate haiM ki jo upadhi (parigraha) sarvathA baMdha kA asAdhaka hone se aniMdita hai, saMyata ke atirikta anyatra anucita hone se saMyata janoM ke dvArA aprArthanIya hai, aura rAgAdi pariNAma ke binA dhAraNa kI jAne se mUrcchAdika ke utpAdana se rahita hai vaha vAstava meM aniSiddha hai| isase yathokta svarUpavAlI upadhi hI upAdeya hai, kintu kiMcita mAtra bhI tathokta svarUpa se viparIta svarUpa vAlI upadhi upAdeya nahIM hai| 178 161 sAdhu ke eka hI picchikA aura eka hI kamaNDalu hotA hai, kyoMki usase hI usakA saMyama siddha hotA hai / dUsarA kamaNDalu va dUsarI picchikA usako saMyama sAdhana meM kAraNa nahIM hai / avaziSTa jJAnopakaraNa (zAstra) bhI samAdhimaraNa ke samaya parigraha mAnA gayA hai| 179 kyoMki parigraha to ekAntika ( samyak ekAnta ) rUpa se antaraMga cheda kA kAraNa hone se tyAjya hai aura parigraha ke niSedha kA uddezya antaraMga cheda kA hI niSedha hai / ataH samAdhi- maraNa ke samaya sarvathA parigraha kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai " koI nirapekSa (kisI bhI vastu kI apekSA rahita ) tyAga na ho to zramaNa ke bhAva kI vizuddhi nahIM hotI, aura jo bhAva avizuddha hai unake karmoM kA kSaya kaise ho sakatA hai| 180 tathA parigraha ke sadbhAva meM usa bhikSu ke mUrcchA Arambha yA asaMyama na ho yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ? tathA jo paradravya meM rata ho vaha AtmA ko kaise sAdha sakatA hai| 181 ataH jisa upadhi ke (AhAra - nihArAdika ke ) grahaNa - visarjana meM, sevana karane meM, sevana karane vAloM ke cheda na hotA ho usa upadhi ko kAla, kSetra ko jAnakara isa loka meM zramaNa ko vicaraNa karanA caahie| 1 82 isakI TIkA meM AcArya jayasena kahate haiM ki kAla kI apekSA paMcamakAla yA zIta Adi Rtu kI apekSA bharatakSetra yA nagara jaMgala Adi ina donoM ko jAnakara jisa upakaraNa se sva-saMvedana kSaNa bhAvasaMyama kA athavA bAharI dravya saMyama kA ghAta na hove, usa taraha se muni ko calanA caahie| vastutaH zrAmaNya dharma meM viveka kI ati AvazyakatA hai| ataH vicAra pUrvaka AcaraNa karane vAle sAdhuoM ko Arogya aura AtmasvarUpa meM avasthAna rakhane ke lie, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, bala aura vIrya ina chaha bAtoM kI acchI taraha paryAlocana karake, sarvAzana viddhAzana aura zuddhAzana ke dvArA AhAra Adi meM pravRtti karanA caahie| 183 yadi pitta ke prakopavaza upavAsa karane meM asamartha rahe, va jinheM Adhe AhAra kI apekSA upavAsa karane meM adhika thakAna hotI hai, unheM avamaudarya tapa karanA cAhie / 184

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA apavAda kA svarUpa dravya, kSetra kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA hai| yaha dRSTi-bindu vastu dharma kA prAsaMgika yathocita darzana karane meM ati upayogI hai / evaM kRtya, akRtya aura unake pariNAma kA vicAra karane meM, kArya meM, kartavya - akartavya ke nirNaya karane meM bhI sahayogI hai| kisI viziSTa samaya meM utsarga mArga grahaNa karanA cAhie aura kisI viziSTa samaya meM apavAda kA avalambana lenA, yaha kataI Avazyaka nahIM hai / yaha to usa samaya ke dravya-kSetra - kAla-bhAva ke AdhAra para zramaNa ke pariNAmoM kI dizA para hI AdhArita hai| viSama paristhiti meM bhI usako sahana karane kI zakti ho to, apavAda mArga Avazyaka nahIM, parantu vaha mArga kataI svIkRta nahIM, jisameM pada kI garimA hI kalaMkita ho / ataH apavAda mArga kI bhI sImAeM hai, yadvA tadvA AcaraNa apavAda mArga kadApi nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| 162 utsarga- apavAda mArga meM paraspara sApekSatA ko zreyaskara batalAte hue AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki - bAla, vRddha, zrAnta athavA glAna zramaNa ko bhI saMyama kA ki jo zuddhAtma tatva kA sAdhaka hone se mUlabhUta hai, usakA cheda jisa prakAra na ho usa prakAra saMyata kA aisA apane yogya ati karkaza AcaraNa hI AcaranA utsarga hai / .... saMyama ke sAdhanabhUta zarIra kA cheda jisa prakAra na ho usa prakAra apane yogya mRdu AcaraNa hI AcaranA apavAda hai / saMyama kA cheda jisa prakAra na ho usa prakAra yogya ati karkaza AcaraNa Acarate hue bhI zarIra kA cheda jisa prakAra na ho aise apane yogya mRdu AcaraNa kA AcaranA apavAda - sApekSa utsarga hai| isase sarvathA utsarga-apavAda kI maitrI ke dvArA AcaraNa ko sthira rakhanA caahie| 185 tathA kama zakti vAle zramaNoM ko nirapekSa utsarga yA apavAda mArga kalyANakArI nahIM hai - yaha batalAte hue AcArya amRtacandra deva punaH kahate haiM ki dezakAlajJa ko bhI, yadi vaha bAla, vRddha, zrAnta, glAna ke kAraNa jo AhAra-vihAra hai, usase hone vAle alpa lepa ke bhaya usameM pravRtti na kare, to apavAda ke Azraya se hone vAle alpabandha ke bhaya se utsarga kA haTha karake apavAda meM pravRtta na ho to ati karkaza AcaraNa rUpa hokara akrama se zarIra pAta karake devaloka prApta karatA hai| jisane samasta saMyamAmRta kA samUha vamana kara DAlA hai, use tapa kA avakAza na rahane se, jisakA pratikAra azakta hai aisA mahAna lepa hotA hai, isalie apavAda nirapekSa utsarga zreyaskara nahIM hai / aura yadi vaha bAla, vRddha, zrAnta, glAnatva ke kAraNa AhAra-vihAra meM hone vAle alpa pa ko ginakara usameM yatheSTa pravRtti kare, arthAt apavAda se hone vAle alpabandha ke prati asAvadhAna hokara utsarga rUpa dhyeya ko cUkakara apavAda meM svacchandatayA pravRtti kare, to mRdu AcaraNa rUpa hokara saMyama virodhI ko asaMyata jana ke samAna hue usako usa samaya tapa kA avakAza na rahane se, jisakA pratikAra azakya hai aisA mahAna lepa hotA hai| isalie utsarga-nirapekSa apavAda zreyaskara nahIM hai / isase utsarga aura apavAda ke virodha se hone vAle AcaraNa kI duHsthitatA sarvathA niSedhya hai, aura isIlie paraspara sApekSa utsarga aura apavAda se jisakA kArya pragaTa hotA

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utsarga apavAda mArga 163 hai, aisA syAvAda sarvathA anusaraNa yogya hai|186 isake tAtparya ko aura spaSTa karate hue AcArya jayasena kahate haiM ki, uparyukta dazA vAlA utsarga-mArgadhArI karmabandha ke bhaya se prAsuka AhAra ko grahaNa nahIM karatA hai, lekina zuddhopayoga meM nizcalatA na pAkara citta meM ArtadhyAna se saMkleza bhAva ho jaaegaa| taba zarIra tyAgakara arjita puNya se devaloka prApta hogaa| jahA~ bahuta kAla taka asaMyamita hone se pApa baMdha hogA, ataH zuddhAtmA kI bhAvanA ko sAdhana karAne vAlA thoDAsA bhI karmabandha ho to lAbha adhika hai, aisA jAnakara apavAda kI apekSA sahita utsarga ko sAdhatA hai| ataH kisI kAraNa se auSadhi, pathya Adi ke lene meM kucha karmabandha hogA, aisA bhaya karake roga kA upAya na karake zuddhAtmA kI bhAvanA bhI nahIM kara pAtA hai, to mahAn karmabandha hotA hai| athavA vyAdhi ke upAya meM pravartatA huA bhI harItako arthAt haraNa ke bahAne guNa khAne ke samAna indriyoM ke sukha meM lampaTI hokara saMyama kI virAdhanA karatA hai, to bhI mahAn karmabandha hotA hai| isalie sAdhu-utsarga nirapekSa apavAda ko tyAgakara zudrAtmA kI virAdhanA na karate hue auSadhi pathyAdi ke nimitta alpa karma bandha hote hue bhI bahuta guNoM se pUrNa utsargamArga kI apekSA sahita apavAda ko svIkAra karatA hai| kyoMki apavAda kA grahaNa bhI tyAga ke lie hotA hai, sAtha hI apavAdamArga utsargamArga kA sAdhaka bhI hai| nirapekSa utsarga yA apavAda zreyaskara nahIM, sApekSatA hI zreya hai| isa tathya ko carcA saMgraha meM paM. rAyamalla jI ne bahuta acche DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki "munirAja kamaNDalu pustakAdi vinayapUrvaka mA~ga bhI leve haiM, ara Apa so guNoM meM adhika ho tAke artha ajJAnI jIva yA jJAnI jIvoM se auSadhAdi artha yAcanA bhI karai hai-donoM muniyoM kA dharma to ayAcaka hI hai parantu bahuta guNa se alpa aparAdha acchA hai, aura jo koI muni ke upasarga hoya va jinadharmAdika ko utthApana hoya to tAke meMTane ke artha saMyama bhI choDe haiN| (jaise viSNukumAra muni ne akampanAcArya ke upasarga ko dUra karane hetu dIkSA kA parityAga kiyA thaa|) paDa vAne puNya hI upajai hai| apavAda isa prakAra DamarU kI nAI, saMyama rakhane ke artha vA pariNAmoM kI vizuddhatA ke artha donoM saMyamoM meM pravarte hai|187 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yathArtha mArga to utsarga hI hai, vahI vastu dharma hai, mokSa mArga hai, jaise pUrva meM spaSTa kara Aye haiN| yahI nizcayanaya hai, parantu jaba usa mArga meM rahA nahIM jA sakatA hai, kintu kinhIM kAraNoM se apavAda kA avalambana kiyA jAtA hai| jahA~ picchi- kamaNDalu ko apavAda svIkRta kiyA hai| vahA~ yogya prAsuka, auSadhi, tRNAdi ke upayoga ko bhI apavAda svIkRta kiyA hai| ataH apavAda do prakAra kA bhI ThaharatA hai| eka to vAstavika picchi kamaNDalu rUpa apavAda; dvitIya upacarita dezakAla janya svIkRta upacarita vyavahAra apvaad| parantu inakA bhI tyAga karanA par3atA hai| svastha zramaNa ko

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164 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA upacarita, taNa, auSadhi kA apavAda svIkRta nahIM kiyA gayA hai, jo ki spaSTa hI hai| ataH apavAda kA grahaNa bhI tyAga ke artha hotA hai| kyoMki zramaNa ke sarvatra zuddhopayoga kA lakSya hI sarvopari hai| ataH vaha cheda ke niSedha rUpa hai|187 sandarbha-sUcI : 1. sampUrNa dezabhedAmyAM sa ca dharmo diyAbhevet / Adhe bhede ca nirgranthAH dvitIye gRhiNaH pado paM0 6/400 2. zrAmaNyAparanAma mokSamArga vyAkhyAnam - "pravacanasAra gA. 201 TIkA kI bhUmikA / 3. upAsakAdhyayana - prastAvanA pR0 92, jJAnapITha prakAzana, saMskaraNa -1964 4. mUlAcAra gA0 1 kI TIkA / 5. pravacanasAra gA. 208-9 kI jayasenAcArya TIkA, pRSTha 806 paMkti 10-17 6. mUlaguNaiH zuddhasvarupaM sAdhyaM "mUlAcAra pra0 saM0 4, paMkti-6, gAthA 2 kI vasunandi TIkA (jJAnapITha prakAzana - 1984). 7. pravacanasAra gAthA 208-9 8. samavAyAMga sUtra 27/2 9. mUlAcAra gA0 1 kI TIkA, pRSTha 2 jJAnapITha prakAzana 10. ye maluttara saNNA mUlaguNA mahavvadAdi aDavIsA / tava-parisahAdi bhedA, cottIsA uttaraguNakkhA / / 3 / / mUlAcAra, phalaTaNa prakAzana 11. padAnandipaMcaviMzati - dharmopadezAmRtamadhikAra - zloka 40 12. tacca saMkSepeNa paMcamahAvrata rUpaM bhvti| teSAM vratAnAM ca rakSaNArthaM paMcasamityAdi bhedena punarapTAviMzatimUlaguNabhedA bhvnti| pravacanasAra pR. 407 13. teSAM ca mUlaguNAnAM rakSaNArthaM dvAviMzati. parISahajaya dvAdazavidha tapazcaraNa bhedena catuMstrizaduttaraguNA bhvnti| teSAM ca rakSaNArthaM devamanuSyatiryaga cetanakRtaM caturvidhopasargajaya dvAdazAnuprekSA bhAvanAdayamazcetyabhiprAyaH "pravacanasAra pR. 407 14. yoga darzana, pAda 2, sUtra 31, jAtidezakAlasamayAnavacchinnA sArvabhaumA mhaavrtm| 15. mahAn zabdo mahatve prAdhAnye vartate vratazabdo'pi sAvadhanivRtto mokSAvApti nimittAcaraNe vartate "mahadbhiranuSThitatvAta" / svata eva vA mokSaprApakatvena mahAnti vratAni mahAvratAni prANAsaMyamanivRtti kAraNAni / mUlAcAra TIkA pR. 6, (jJAnapITha prakAzana ) 16. pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA,ta. sU. adhyAya -------, sU. 17. sarvArtha siddhi - AThavAM adhyAya sUtra eka kI TIkA 18. mUlAcAra pR. 11-12 19. vahI - gAthA 5 kA vizeSArtha 20. anagAra dharmAmRta 4.34 21. niyamasAra gA. 57; mUlAcAra gA. 290; AcAra sAra zloka 17; uttarAdhyayana 25.40; dazavaikAlika 4.12

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sandarbha sUcI 22. tatvArtha sUtra 7/5 23. AcArAMga sUtra - dvitIya zrutaskandha adhyayana 15, sUtra 780 / 82, pR. 406, byAvara prakAzana / 24. AcArAMga cUrNi mU. pA. TI. pR. 280 Avazyaka cUrNi, pratikramaNAdhyayana pU. 143-147 25. niyamasAra gA. 58; AcArasAra zloka 18 26. saMgRhItAni cAtmavazIkRtAni ca kSetravAstudhana dhAnya pustakospakaraNacchAtrAdIni teSAM sarveSAM nAdAnaM na grahaNaM AtmIyakaraNaM visarjana - mUlAcAra TIkA pR. 13 ( jJAnapITha prakAzana ) 27. mUlAcAra pR. 14 28. anagAradharmAmRta pRSTha 268 se uddhRta 29. anagAradharmAmRta 4/56, pR. 268 ( jJAnapITha prakAzana ) 30. anagAradharmAmRta 4/56, pR. 268 ( jJAnapITha prakAzana ) 31. vahI 4/57 32. vahI, pR. 270 33. bhagavatI ArAdhanA pR. 880-81; uttarAdhyayana 19,18; dazavaikAlika 4. 13 34. anagAradharmAmRta 4 / 58, pR. 271 35. bhagavatI ArAdhanA zloka 885-887; ana. dha. 4/61 165 36. niyamasAra gA. 59; mUlAcAra gA. 8 37. mUlAcAra gA. 8 kI AcAra vRtti pR. 14: AcArasAra zloka 59 38. tatvArtha sUtra 777 39. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 93 kI TIkA 40. mUlAcAra 4/179, vRtti sahita 41. mUlAcAra 4 / 177, vRtti sahita 42. vahI 4/180, 10 / 61 vRtti 43. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 333-36 44. itthIsvaM girAvekkhaM mUlAcAra 10/101 45. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-gA. 334, 338 46. uttarAdhyayana 16.1 (gadya) dasa bambhacerasamAhigaNApannatA 47. "mUrcchA parigrahaH " tatvArtha sUtra 7/16 48. puruSArtha siddhayupAya zloka 111 49. ukyaraNadaMsaNeNa tassuvajogeNa mUcchidAe ya / lohassudIraNAe pariggahe jAyade saNNA / / go. jI. gA. 138 50. mUrcchArUparAgAdi pariNAmAnusAreNa parigraho bhavati, na ca vahiraMga parigrahAnusAreNa" - pravacanasAra pR. 420, paM. 14 bhAvanagara prakAzana saMskaraNa saM. 2035 51. mUlAcAra gA. 9

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166 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 52. vahI, AcArasAra zloka 20 53. zarIraM dharma saMyuktaM rakSitavyaM prayatnataH / ityApta vAcastvadehasvatyAjya eheti taNDaluH / / 140 / / anagAra dharmAmRta adhyAya 4 54. vahI pR. 302 55. kSetraM dhAnyaM dhanaM vAstu kupyaM shynmaasnm| dvi padAH pazavo bhANDaM bAhyA daza parigrahAH / / 433 / / zloka - upAsakAdhyayana 56. dhanaM dhAnyaM svarNa rupya kupyAni kSetra vaastunii| dvipAccatuSpAcceti syurnava bAhyAH parigrahAH / / yogazAstra 2/115 kI vRtti 57. pUrva dIkSAkAle zukrabuddhaika svabhAvaM nijAtmAnameva parigrahaMkRtvA, zeSaM samastaM 'bAhyAbhyantara parigrahaM varditavantastyaktavantaH / evaM jJAtvA zeSa tapodhanairapi nija paramAtma parigrahaM svIkAraM kRtvA zeSaH sarve'pi parigraho manovacanakAyaiH kRtakAritA numataizca tyajanIya iti| pravacanasAra pR. 422, paM. 8-10 58. niyamasAra gA. 60 59. pravacanasAra gA. 420, paM. 15 60. pravacanasAra pR. 421, (bhAvanagara prakAzana) 61. anagAra dharmAmRta 4/50 62. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 1186 63. anagAradharmAmRta zloka 153 64. vahI zloka 154; mUlAcAra gA. 333 kI AcAra vRtti 65. vahI zloka 155 66. vahI 156 67. vahI 159 68. vahI 160 69. vahI 161 70. vahI 162 71. mUlAcAra gA. 107 ana. dharma 4/1637 AcArasAra zloka 21 72. mUlAcAra gA. 11; niyamasAra gA. 61AcArasAra zloka 225 ana. dharmA. 4/164 73. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 72 74. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 1199; siddhasena kRta tatvArtha vRtti TIkA bhA. 2, pR. 187 75. daza.-a. 5 u. 1 sUtra 3-4 76. mUlAcAra gA. 12: niyamasAra gA. 625 AcAra zloka 23 77. anagAra dharmAmRta 4/165-66 zloka 78. mUlAcAra gA. 14; dharmA. ana. 4/1683 AcArasAra zloka 24 79. mUlAcAra gA. 14; ana. dharmA. 4/168; AcArasAra zloka 25 niyamasAra gA. 64 80. bhaga. ArA. .gA, 1206

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sandarbha sUcI 81. anagAra dharmAmRta pR. 357 82. mUlAcAra gA. 15 83. paramAtma prakAza gA. 138 84. paramAtma prakAza gA. 138 85. vahI gA 139 86. anagAra dharmAmRta 8/16 87. vahI 8/13 88. trikAladevavaMdanA karaNa ca tatsAmAyikaM vrataM bhavatItyarthaH / mUlAcAra gA. 23 kI TIkA 89. vahI, gA. 25 va 27 kI TIkA, 90. mUlAcAra gA. 29, sapaDikkamaNodivase avavAseNeva kAyavvo; ana. dha. 9/86; kri. ka. 4/26/1; kri. ko. 4/26/1 91. AbharaNANi yA savvANi sArahissa paNAmaI- uttarAdhyayana kese paMca muTThIhiM samAhio uttarA.20.24 92. padmapurANa 3/287-88 mahApurANa 1/9; pa. paM. vi. 13/14 93. mahApurANa 39/109 94. vahI 20/96 101. upAsakAdhyayana, 135 102. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 1118-1119 - 95. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 87 (zolApura prakAzana ) 96. kAkinyA api saMgraho na vihitaH kSauraM yayA kAryate, citkSepakUda svamAtramapi vA tatsiddhaye nAzritam / hiMsA heturaho jaTAdyapi tathA yUkAbhiraprArthane, vairAgyAdi vivardhanAya yatibhiH kezeSu locaH kRtaH / / padma paMcaviMzati 2/42 97. bha. A.gA. 90-91 kI vijayodayA TIkA 98. vahI 99. keSa vi. appara vaMciu sira luMcivi chAreNa - paramAtma prakAza 2/90 100. uttarAdhyayana, 22.10, nemacanda vRti paM. 341, pravacanasAra 3/8-9 - 103. vahI pR. 326 (zolApura prakAzana) 104. vahI pR. 327 105. AvaMtI keyAvaMtI e e saMge aviyaanno| AcArAMga sUtra 150 106. evaM khu muggI--pAsa ahiyAsiyaM / / vahI sUtra 182 / / 107. jaina sAhitya meM vikAra 108. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra pR. 292 109 tatvArtha sUtra 9 / 9 kI vyAkhyA 167 20. 20, sayameva luMca

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168 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 110. nagnasya vApi "kucelavato'pyupacAra nagnasya nirUpacarita nagnasya vA jina kAlpika - syeti sAmAnyameva sUtram 111.nA'sya celaM vastramastItyacelaH alpacelaH ityarthaH - AcArAMga zIlAMka TIkA sU. 182 112.acelaM celAbhAvo jina kalpikAdInAm, anyeSAM tu bhinnaM alpamUlyaM celamapyacelam uttarAdhyayana TIkA nemIcandra vRtti paM. 17 113. bhagavAna mahAvIra kA acelakadharma - pR. 17, (le.paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI) 114. padAnandi paMcaviMzatikA 25/3 115. gRhastha yogya pracchAdana virahite AtmanA vA saMstarite nAnyena - mUlAcAra gA. 32 kI . AcAra vRtti| 116.durdhyAnArthamavadhakAraNamaho nirgranthatA hAnaye, zayyA hetu RNAdi api prazaminA lajjAkara sviikRt| yatta kiM na gRhasthayogyamaMparaM svarNAdikam sAmpratam, ninyeSvapicettadastinitarA dUraH praviSTaH kaal|| pama. paMca 1/43. 117. Adi purANa ( ha.li.pra. alIgaMja jaina mandira) pR. 250 118. mUlAcAra gA. 34 kI AcAravRtti, pama. paMca 1/43ana. gha. 9/93 119. Avazyaka cUrNi, pUrvabhAga pR. 217, AcArAMga cUrNi paM. 10, pR. 309 120. ana.gha. 9/94 121. pravacanasAra gA. 220 kI jayasena TIkA 122. yatermUlaguNAzcASTAviMzatirmUlakattaroH / nAtrApyanyatamenonAnAtiriktAH kdaacn|| paMcAdhyAyI uttarArddha 643 123. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA bhAga 3, pR. 266 124.AcArasAra zloka 5-9 kA sArAMza: A. jayasena ke pravacanasAra gA. 255 kI TIkA (pR. 435 meM yathAyogyaM sacchUdrAdyapi kahakara dIkSA kA adhikArI kahA hai|) 125. padApurANa parva 78, zloka 78-81 126. pravacanasAra gA. 202 kI amRtacandrAcArya TIkA 127. pravacanasAra gA. 201 128. vahI, amRtacandrAcArya TIkA "yathAnubhUtasya tatpratipattivartmanaH praNetAro kyamime tiSThAma iti| 129. tatpratiprIticittena yena vArtApi hi shrutaa| nizcitaM sa bhavebhavyo bhaavinirvaannbhaajnm||pdaa.pN viM. 4/23 130. pravacanasAra gA. 201 jayasenAcArya TIkA-"athAsannajIvAMzcAritre prerayati" 131.padApurANa bhASA-bhASAkAra-daulatarAmajI-pRSTha 538 (sastIgranthamAlA, dillI, 1974)

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sandarbha sUcI 169 132. yo yati dharmamakathayannupadizati gRhastha dharmamalpamatiH / tasya bhagavatpravacane pradarzitaM nigrhsthaanaam|| puruSArtha siddhayupAya zloka 18 / / 133. uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana pR. 249-50 134. samanvaya vANI aMka 5-6 varSa, 7 mArca 87 135. bodha pAhuDa gA. 54 . 136. mahApurANa 38/151 137. uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana pR. 25 138.bhagavatI ArAdhanA-tijayo. 77/207/10; yo.sA.A. 8/52/1; AcAra sAra zloka 11 pravacanasAra gA. 225 kI jayasenAcArya TIkA, pR. 435 bhAvanagara prkaashn| 139."Aja (dainika samAcAra patra) kAnapura saMskaraNa, 1 janavarI 87-"yuvA jaina sAdhvI kI sAdhanA kI Dagara se khulA vidroha, maiM aba gRhastha banUMgI"; samanvayavANI, sampAdakIya, aMka mArca 1987 140.jabarana muni dITA (DaoN. sureza kI patnI kA vyathA bharA patra prakAzita) jaina sandeza 2 disambara 1982 141. muni jinavijaya abhinandana grantha 142. picchi kamaNDalu, pR. 57 saMskaraNa 1964 143. mokSalakSmIsvayaMvaramaNDapabhUtajinadImAkSaNe maMgalAcArabhUtayA anantajJAnAdi siddhaguNa bhAvanArupayA siddhabhaktyA----- / pravacanasAra gA. 3 kI jayasena TIkA 144. bodha pAhuDa gA. 42-44 145. aSTAviMzati bhedamAtmani purA saMropya sAdhovrataM, sAkSIkRtya jinAn gusnpi| sajjana - citta vallabha zloka 13 146. sajjanacitta vallabha zloka 13 kI TIkA (TIkAkAra yogaza candra jaina) 147. mahApurANa 39/159-60 - grahoparAge - necchanti kRtabuddhayaH / 148. mahApurANa 17/200, "tataH pUrvamukhaM sthitvA kRta paMca namaskriyaH / kezAn luNcadAbaddhaphlyar3aka paMcamuSTikam" 149. syAdradamaMjarI 31/339/12 150.pUrva dina bhojana samaye bhAjanatiraskAra vidhi vidhAya AhAraM gRhItvA caityAlaye - Agacchet / tato ---- / vRhaddIkSAvidhiH, kriyAkalApa pustaka pR. 333 151.rikta sthAnoM para varSa, mAsa, pakSa, tithi, grahaNa karanA abhISTa hai| "AcArya paramparAyAM" meM guruoM kI nAmAvalI ziSyaparamparAnusAra bolate hue dIkSArthI kA manipada se abhipreta nAma par3hA jAtA hai| 152. tatvArya sUtra 7/15 153.bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 97; sakalakIrti kRta dharmapraznottara-avapicchikAguNa ---- picchikAya jinoTitAH /

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170 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA 154. vahI gA. 95 155. sthAnAMga sUtra 191, 5.3, pR. 516, (byAvara prakAzana) 156. prAyazcitta samuccaya 75, (picchi kamaNDalu pR. 110 se uddhRta) 157. picchi kamaNDalu pR. 110 158. vahI 110-11 159. pazvardhazayyayA Anamya sapicchANjalibhAlakaH - AcArasAra - 61 160. vigauravAdi doSeNa spicchaannjlishaalinaa| sadabjasaryAcAryeNa kartavyaM prtivndnm|| vahI 62 161. avadheH prAk pragRcchanti mRducchanti mRdupicchaH yathAgatam / yat svayaM patitaM bhUmau pratilekhana shuddhye|| bhAvasaMgraha 276, (vAmadevakRta) 162. mahAvIra carita sarga 17, zloka 127, (asaMga kavi kRta) / 163. nanvevaM picchAdi grahaNeapi mUrchA syAt" iti ceta, tatra evaM paramanairgranthyAsiddhau parihAra vizuddhi saMyamabhRtAM tatyAgaH sUkSmasAmparAya yathAkhyAta sNymbhRnmunivt| sAmAyika chedopasthApanasaMyamabhRtAM tu yatInAM saMyamopakaraNatvAt pratilekhanasya grahaNaM sUkSmamUrchAsa dAveapi yuktameva, maargovirodhitvaacc| natveva suvarNAdigrahaNaprasaMga, tasya naarny-sNymopkrnntvaabhaavaat| sakalopabhoga sampanni bandhanatvAcca na ca tricaturapicchamAtramalAbuphalamAtraM vA kiMcinmUlyaM labhate yatastadapyupabhoga sampati nimitaM syaat| nAhi mUlyadAna kayayogyasya picchAderapi grahaNaM nyAyyam siddhAnta virodhaat| -zloka vArtika pR. 464 164. zarIrajA api gomaya gorocana---mayUrapiccha sarpamaNi zukti muktAphalAdayo loke zucitvamupAgatAH - ( cAritrasAra, azucitvAnuprekSA, pR. 253 ) 165. dravyasAmAnyamutsargaH anuvRttirityarthaH / tadbhipayo dravyArthikaH paryAyo vizeSo apavAdo ___vyAvRttirityarthaH / tadviSayaH paryAyArthikaH / pra.sA. gA. 230 kI jayasenAcArya ttiikaa| 166. pravacanasAra gA. 222 kI amRta candra ttiikaa| 167. vahI gA. 230, jayasenAcArya ttiikaa| 168. vahI gA. 230, amRtacandrAcArya TIkA 169. utsarga eva vastu dharmo na punarapavAdaH, "pravacanasAra gA. 224 kI amRtacandrAcArya kI prstaavnaa| 170. vahI gA. 225 kI TIkA kA bhAvArtha / 171. cAritra sAra (cAritra dharma prakAza vivecaka muni vivekasAgara) pR. 133 172. syA. maM. 11/138 173. mUlA. 931 - jo jaTTha jahA laddhoNhadi AhAramuvadhi---pakDDhao hodi 174. pa.pra.mU. 2/91, je jigaliMga dharevi - pariggaha leMti---puNa chidid gilti| 175. nimrantha sampradAya aura usake prAcIna AcAra vicAroM para aitihAsika dRSTipAta, 176. jaina darzana pR. 493, le. nyA. yA. muni nyAyavijaya (zve. )

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sandarbha sUcI 171 177. syA. maM. 11/138/6 178. pravacanasAra gA. 223 179. bhaga. A. gA. 164 kI vijayodayA TIkA 180. pravacanasAra gA. 220 181. vahI gA. 221 182. pravacanasAra gA. 222 183. ana.gha. 5/65 184. gha. 13/5, 4, 25/56/12 185. pravacanasAra gA. 230 kI AcArya amRtacandra ttiikaa| 186. pravacanasAra gA. 231 kI jIva tatva pradIpikA ttiikaa| 187. carcA saMgraha pR. 66 ( aprakAzita hastalikhita ) 188. ayaM tu AhAra nihArAdi grahaNa-visarjana viSayaccheda pratiSedhArthaM supAdIyamAnaH sarvathA zuddhopayogAvinAbhUtatvAccheda pratiSedha eva syAt-pra.sA.gA. 222 kI jIvatatva prdiipkaa|

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tRtIya adhyAya jaina zramaNa kI AcAra saMhitA jaina zramaNa kI AcAra saMhitA ke isa adhyAya meM 28 mUlaguNoM se vibhUSita evaM unako niraticAra pAlana karane vAle zramaNa kI eka sampUrNa jIvana paddhati kisa prakAra kI hotI hai| isa prakAra kI "ahorAtra" caryA isa adhyAya kA viSaya bnegii| AcArya vaTTakera kRta mUlAcAra meM "zramaNa" kI isa jIvana paddhati ko samAcAra adhikAra meM varNita kiyA hai| samatA, samAcAra, samyak AcAra athavA sama AcAra yA sabhI kA samAna AcAra ye samAcAra zabda ke artha haiN|' mUlAcAra gA. 123 kI AcAravRtti TIkA meM cAra prakAra ke arthoM se samAcAra zabda kI nirukti kI hai| 1. samatA samAcAra sama kA bhAva samatA hai| rAgadveSa kA abhAva honA samatA samAcAra hai| athavA trikAla devavandanA karanA yA paMcanamaskAra rUpa pariNAma honA samatA hai, athavA sAmAyika vrata ko samatA kahate haiN| ye saba samatA samAcAra hai| 2. samyak AcAra samyak zobhana rUpa niraticAra mUlaguNoM kA anuSThAna arthAt AcaraNa arthAt niraticAra mUlaguNoM ko pAlanA yaha samyak AcAra rUpa samAcAra hai, athavA samyak AcaraNa-jJAna athavA nirdoSa bhikSA grahaNa karanA yaha samAcAra hai| car dhAtu bhakSaNa karanA aura gamana karanA ina do arthoM meM mAnI gayI hai, evaM gamanArthaka sabhI dhAtueM jJAnArthaka bhI hotI haiN| isa niyama se car dhAtu kA eka bAra jJAna artha karanA taba "samIcIna jAnanA" artha vivakSita huAH evaM eka bAra "bhakSaNa artha" karane para "nirdoSa AhAra" artha lenA vivakSita hai| ataH samIcIna jJAna aura nirdoSa AhAra grahaNa ko bhI samyak AcAra spa "samAcAra" kahA hai|

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samAcAra kA artha 173 3. sama AcAra pA~ca (mahAvrata) AcAroM ko AcAra kahA hai jo ki pramatta, apramatta, Adi sabhI muniyoM meM AcAra samAna rUpa hone se sama-AcAra hai| kyoMki ye sabhI muni prANivadha Adi ke tyAga karane rUpa vratoM se samAna haiM, isIlie unakA AcAra sama-AcAra hai| athavA sama-upazama arthAt krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke abhAva rUpa pariNAma se rahita jo AcaraNa hai vaha samAcAra hai| "sama" zabda se dazalakSaNa dharma ko bhI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| ataH ina kSamAdidazadharmoM : sahita jo AcAra hai vaha samAcAra hai, athavA AhAra grahaNa aura devavandanA Adi kriyAoM meM sabhI sAdhuoM ko saha arthAt sAtha hI milakara AcaraNa karanA samAcAra 4. samAna AcAra mAna (pariNAma) ke saha ( sAtha ) jo rahatA hai vaha samAna hai| yahA~ "saha" ko "sa" Adeza vyAkaraNa ke niyama se karake saha mAna samAna banA hai| athavA samAna mAna ko samAna kahate haiN| ataH samAna ( barAbara) AcAra "samAna" hai| yahA~ sabhI kA samAna rUpa se "mAna" arthAt pUjya yA iSTa jo AcAra hai vaha samAcAra hai| mUlAcAra kI isa gAthA meM: samadA samAcAro sAcAro samo va aacaaro| savvesiM sammANaM samAcAro du aacaaro|| 123 / / isameM pA~ca prakAra se samAcAra nirdeza milatA hai-samatA samarasI bhAva, samayAcAra svasamaya arthAt svarUpa meM AcaraNa yA jinAgamokta vyavasthA ke anurUpa AcAra, samyak AcAra-samIcIna AcAra, sama AcAra sabhI sAdhuoM kA sAtha-sAtha AcaraNa yA kriyAoM kA karanA, savvesiM arthAt sabhI kSetroM meM samAna AcAra honA arthAt hAni-vRddhi rahita sabhI kSetra-kAla meM samAna rUpa se AcaraNa rahanA samAcAra hai| - isa "samAcAra ko" audhika aura "padavibhAgika" ke bheda rUpa do prakAra se vibhakta kiyA hai| audhika samAcAra daza prakAra kA hai aura pada vibhAgika samAcAra aneka prakAra kA hai| audhika samAcAra ke dasa bheda nimna haiN| icchAkAra, mithyAkAra, tathAkAra, AsikA, niSedhikA, ApRcchA, pratipRcchA, chandana, sanimantraNa aura upsNpt|

Page #175
jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA ____ iSTa arthAt samyagdarzana Adi ratnatraya meM athavA zubha pariNAma meM icchAkAra honA arthAt inako svIkAra karanA inameM harSa bhAva honA, inameM svecchA se pravRtti karanA hI icchAkAra hai| aparAdha arthAt azubha pariNAma athavA vratAdi meM aticAra hone para mithyAkAra hotA hai| vratAdi meM lage doSoM ko dUra karane ke lie "jaM dukkaDaM tumicchA"4 arthAt merA duSkRta/doSa mithyA hove aisA kahakara vaha sAdhu mana vacana kAya se ina aparAdhoM se dUra hokara mithyAkAra rUpa hotA hai| pratizravaNa arthAt guru ke dvArA sUtra aura artha kA pratipAdana hone para use sunakara "Apane jaisA pratipAdana kiyA hai vaisA hI hai, anyathA nahIM" esA anurAga vyakta karanA tathA punaH sunane kI bhAvanA rakhanA tathAkAra hai|' vasatikA Adi se nikalate samaya devatA ( zUnya gRha, vimAcitAvAsa meM vyantaroM ke nivAsa kI sambhAvanA hone kI apekSA yaha kathana sambhava ho sakatA hai ) yA gRhastha Adi se pU~chakara nikalanA athavA pApa kriyAoM se mana ko haTAnA AsikA hai| vasatikA Adi meM praveza karate samaya vahA~ para sthita deva yA manuSya Adi kI svIkRti lekara arthAt niHsahI zabda uccAraNa karake pU~chakara vahA~ praveza karanA aura ThaharanA athavA samyagdarzana Adi meM sthira bhAva rakhanA niSedhikA hai| apane kArya-prayojana ke Arambha meM arthAt paThana, gamana yA yogagrahaNa Adi kAryoM ke prArambha meM guru Adi kI vandanA karake unase pUchanA ApRcchA hai| samAna hai dharma anuSThAna jinakA, ve sadharmA haiM, tathA guru zabda se dIkSA guru, zikSA gurU, upadeza dAtA guru, athavA tapazcaraNa meM yA jJAna meM adhika jo guru haiM - una sadharmA yA guru se koI upakaraNa Adi pahale liye the, punaH unheM vApisa de diyaH yadi punarapi unako grahaNa kA abhiprAya ho to punaH pUMchakara lenA pratipRcchA hai| jinakI koI pustaka Adi vastueM lI haiM, unake anukUla hI unakI vastuoM kA sevana/ upayoga karanA chandana hai| agRhIta anya kisI kI pustaka Adi vastuoM ke viSaya meM AvazyakatA hone para guruoM se satkAra-pUrvaka yAcanA karanA yA grahaNa kara lene para vinayapUrvaka unase nivedana karanA nimaMtraNa hai|

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samAcAra kA artha 175 gurukula arthAt guruoM ke AmnAya-saMgha meM, guruoM ke vizAla pAdamUla meM "maiM ApakA hU~" isa prakAra se Atma kA tyAga karanA-Atma samarpaNa kara denA, unake anukUla hI sArI pravRtti karanA yaha upasaMpat hai| upasaMpat kA artha upasevA arthAt apanA nivedana karanA, jo vinaya Adi ke viSaya meM kiyA jAtA hai| ataH isake pA~ca bheda haiN| (1) vinayopasaMpat ( 2 ) kSetropasaMpat ( 3 ) mArgopasaMpat ( 4 ) sukha-duHkhopasaMpat ( 5 ) suutropsNpt| 1. vinayopasaMpat Agantuka atithi sAdhu kI vinaya aura upacAra karanA, unake nivAsa sthAna evaM mArga ke viSaya meM prazna karanA arthAt Apa kisa guru ke haiM ? kisa mArga se Aye haiM? arthAt Apa kisa saMgha meM dIkSita hue haiM yA Apake dIkSA guru kA nAma kyA hai ? pazcAt unheM samucita vastu kA dAna karanA jaise pustaka, zAstra Adi, evaM unake anukUla pravRtti karanA Adi - yaha vinaya upasaMpat hai| 2. kSetra upasaMpat jisa kSetra meM saMyama, tapa, guNa, zIla tathA yama aura niyama vRddhi ko prApta hote haiN| usa kSetra meM nivAsa karanA, yaha kSetra upasaMpat hai| 3. mArgopasaMpata - saMyama, tapa, jJAna aura dhyAna se yukta Agantuka aura sthAnIya arthAt usa saMgha meM rahane vAle sAdhuoM ke bIca jo paraspara meM mArga meM Ane-jAne ke viSaya meM sukha samAcAra pUchanA hai, vaha mArgopasaMpat hai| 4. sukha-duHkhopasaMpat yadi Agantuka sAdhu sukhI hai, aura unheM yadi mArga meM ziSya Adi kA lAbha huA hai, to unheM unake lie upayogI picchi, kamaNDalu, Adi denA aura yadi Agantuka sAdhu duHkhI hai aura vyAdhi Adi se pIDita hai, to unake lie sukhaprada zayyA saMstara Adi Asana se evaM unake hAtha paira dabAnA Adi vaiyAvRtti se unakA upakAra krnaa| 5. sUtropasaMpat sUtra paThana meM prayatna karanA sUtropasaMpat hai| sUtra ke, laukika, veda evaM samaya kI apekSA se tIna bheda haiN| gaNitAdi zAstra laukika sUtra haiM, siddhAnta zAstra vaidika sUtra haiM evaM tarka zAstra ko samaya kahate haiN| ina sambandhI zAstra sAmAyika haiM esa granthoM kA guskula meM Atma-samarpita bhAva se par3hanA sUtropasaMpat hai|

Page #177
jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA audhika samAcAra ke uparyukta vizleSaNa meM isa bAta kA sahaja bodha hotA hai ki sAdhu varga samAja vyavasthA meM sAkSAt simaTe hue na hone para bhI ve kisa taraha sadharmA sAdhu varga ke prati sahayoga kA va bar3oM ke prati kitanA sammAna kA bhAva sameTe rahate haiM, aura sva para ke pariNAmoM ke vikAsa meM kitane sajaga rahate haiN| isa taraha ke sahayoga kI sahaja sAdhya pravRtti va dUsaroM ke prati yathAyogya karaNIya vyavahAra sacamuca meM sAdhu varga se hI sIkhA jA sakatA hai| 176 pada vibhAgika samAcAra : zramaNa gaNa sUryodaya se lekara sampUrNa ahorAtra nirantara jo AcaraNa karate haiM, vaha saba padavibhAgI samAcAra hai| yahA~ pada ke anuSThAna kA nAma pada vibhAgI hai| ataH pada ke yogya prAtaH kAla se lekara punaH sUryodaya taka jo kArya jaise gamanAgamana, caturvizaMtistava, pratikramaNa, sAmAyika, Adi SaDAvazyaka, nityanaimittaka kriyAeM, AhAra caryA, AvAsa, Adi vividha evaM nirantara jina niyamoM kA pAlana karate haiM, vaha saba pada vibhAgI samAcAra kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra yaha pada vibhAgI samAcAra aneka prakAra kA kahalAtA hai / jaina zramaNa ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apanI dinacaryA ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara le, prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya dvitIya meM dhyAna, tRtIya meM bhikSA caryA, evaM caturtha meM punaH svAdhyAya / isI prakAra rAtri ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna, tRtIya prahara meM nidrA evaM caturtha prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya karanA cAhie / jaina zramaNa kI sampUrNa caryA jAgaraNa rUpa hai unakA zayana bhI vastutaH jAgaraNa kA hI eka divya sandeza liye hue hai, kyoMki "jisa rAta meM arthAt ajJAnarUpa andhakAra meM samasta saMsAra sotA hai, usameM vaha yogI svayaM jAgatA hai- AtmasvarUpa sammukha hokara prabuddha rahatA hai| vaha apane meM avasthita siddha aura saba kalpanAoM se rahita AtmA ko jAnatA hai| saba prANiyoM ke viSaya meM jo rAtri hai, sva-para bheda sambandhI ajJAna hai usameM yogI jAgatA hai, prabuddha rahatA hai| tathA anya prANI jisa rAta meM jAgate haiM, jisa viSayAnurAga meM nirantara pratibuddha rahate haiM - vaha AtmasvarUpa ke dekhane vAle muni ke lie rAtri hai - ve muni usameM sadA apratibuddha rahate haiN| tAtparya yaha ki AtmAvavodha na honA rAtri ke samAna tathA usakA honA dina ke samAna hai| ataH zodha ke prastuta udyama meM nava utsAha, jAgaraNa evaM apradUSita avasthA prAtaH kAlIna velA se prArambha karate hue nitya jAgaraNa ke pratIka rUpa meM sAmAyika avasthA ke lie udyamavantaM hote haiN| kyoMki ye sAmAyika, caturvizaMti stava, vaMdanA Adi sAdhu ke

Page #178
SaDAvazyaka / sAmAyika 10 ahorAtri ke Sar3Avazyaka karma haiN| 177 zramaNa kI prAtaH kAlIna velA SaDAvazyaka se prArambha hotI hai| SaDAvazyaka kA sAmAnyataH svarUpa mUlaguNa prakaraNa meM kara Ae haiM / yahA~ para unakA vizeSa vivecana prastuta 1 sAmAyika : "sAmAyika" taddhita kA rUpa hai| ataH samaH sarveSAM samAno yo sargaH puNyaM vA samAyastasmin bhavaM samaye bhavaM vA sAmAyikamiti / yahA~ "samAya" ikaN pratyaya hokara banA / isa samAya se jo zobhita hotA hai vaha sAmAyika hai samaya meM jo hove vaha sAmAyika hai / 1 hai samaya zabda kA artha isa prakAra se hai- " sama" upasarga hai jisakA artha "eka panA" hai aura "aya gatau " dhAtu hai, jisakA artha gamana aura jJAna bhI hai, ataH eka sAtha hI jAnanA aura pariNamana karanA, yaha donoM kriyAeM ekatvapUrvaka kare vaha samaya hai / yaha jIva nAmaka padArtha ekatva pUrvaka eka samaya meM pariNamana bhI karatA hai aura jAnatA bhI hai / 11 samaya hai, aura usa samaya meM jo sthita ho usa sthiti ko sAmAyika kahate haiM, athavA jo usa avasthA se zobhita ho vaha avasthA sAmAyika guNa hai| ataH vaha nizcayanaya se jaina zramaNa kA yaha sAmAyika hI mUlaguNa hai, jaisA ki mUlaguNa ke vivecana meM likhA thA / isa " sAmAyika saMyama" kA mukhyatA se upadeza ajitanAtha se lekara pArzvanAtha taka ke tIrthaMkaroM ne diyA thA, aura chedopasthApanA saMyama kA varNana RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ne diyA thA 12 tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke tIrtha ke samaya bhogabhUmi samApta hokara karmabhUmi prArambha huyI thI / ataH usa samaya ke ziSya bahuta hI sarala kintu ajJAna svabhAva vAle the, tathA antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya atyanta nikRSTa vAtAvaraNa kA prArambha ho cukA thA, ataH usa samaya ke ziSya bahuta hI kuTila pariNAmI aura jar3a svabhAvI the| isIlie ina donoM tIrthaMkaroM ne cheda arthAt bheda ke upasthApana arthAt kathana rUpa pA~ca mahAvratoM kA upadeza diyA thaa| zeSa bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya ke ziSya vizeSa buddhimAna the, isIlie una tIrthaMkaroM ne mAtra sarva sAvadyayoga ke tyAgarUpa eka sAmAyika saMyama kA hI upadeza diyA hai, kyoMki unake lie utanA hI paryApta thA / mAtra sAmAyika saMyama ke upadeza meM 'unakI vRtti sarva pApoM se virata ho jAtI thI13 arthAt unakI sampUrNa vRtti sahaja viveka pUrNa hotI thii| isa taraha paMcavratoM ke bheda rUpa se 28 mUlaguNoM kA svataH hI pAlana ho jAyA karatA thA / itane vivekI svayaM hote the, unako 28 mUlaguNoM ke vyAkhyAna kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM par3atI thI / parantu Aja mahAvIra kA zAsana cala rahA hai, isa samaya vakra svabhAva ke jIva hone ke kAraNa

Page #179
178 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA kandakandAcArya ne pravacanasAra meM sAmAyika saMyama kA upadeza karate hue bhI bhedarUpa 5 prakAra se evaM vistAra se 28 prakAra se saMyama kA vyAkhyAna kiyaa| parantu ina saba bhedAbheda kA prayojana sarva sAvadha yoga ke tyAga kA bhAva hI thaa| ataH vastutaH 24 tIrthaMkaroM ne zramaNa kA svarUpa to eka sA hI kahA, parantu ziSyoM kI mAnasikatA aura unake viveka ke AdhAra para kathana paddhati kA saMkoca- vistAra kAlakrama se karanA pdd'aa| bheda paddhati ke isa vyavahAra krama meM sAmAyika ko samajhane ke lie mUlAcAra meM usake nimna prakAra chaha bheda kiye haiM : 1. nAma sAmAyika zubha nAma aura azubha nAma ko sunakara rAgadveSa Adi kA tyAga karanA nAma sAmAyika 2. sthApanA sAmAyika mUrtiyA~ susthita haiM, supramANa haiM, sarva avayavoM se sampUrNa haiM, sadbhAva rUpa haiM, tadAkAra haiM, aura mana ke lie AhlAdakArI haiN| punaH, kucha sthApanAeM duHsthita haiM, pramANa rahita haiM, sarva avayavoM se paripUrNa nahIM hai aura sadbhAva rahita-atadAkAra haiN| ina donoM prakAra kI mUrtiyoM meM rAgadveSa kA abhAva honA sthApanA sAmAyika hai| 3. dravya sAmAyika sonA cAMdI aura miTTI ke Dhele meM samabhAva, unameM rAgadveSa nahIM honA dravya sAmAyika 4. kSetra sAmAyika kisI bhI kSetra vizeSa ke sAtha ramya-aramya kA rAgadveSAtmaka vyavahAra na honA kSetra sAmAyika hai| vastutaH pratyeka dravya kA kSetra usake apane pradeza haiM, nizcaya naya se to usI meM usa dravya kA nivAsa hai, bAhya kSetra to vyAvahArika haiM, ataH ve badalate rahate haiN| unake vinAza se AtmA kA vinAza nahIM hai, phira una kSetrAdika se rati-arati kaisI ? pUjyapAda svAmI ne kahA hai ki "jinheM AtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi nahIM huyI unakA nivAsa gA~va aura vana ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| kintu jinheM Atma svarUpa ke darzana hue haiM unakA nivAsa rAgAdi se rahita nizcala AtmA hI hai14

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paDAvazyaka/sAmAyika 179 5. kAla sAmAyika chaha RtuoM, rAtri-divasa ina kAloM meM rAga dveSa kA tyAga kAla sAmAyika hai| nizcala kAla to amUrtika hai| ataH vivekI vyavahArakAla meM rAgadvepa nahIM karate haiN| 6. bhAva sAmAyika sabhI jIvoM para maitrI bhAva rakhanA aura azubha pariNAmoM kA tyAga karanA yaha bhAva sAmAyika hai| dravyadRSTi se jIva kA svarUpa to anAdi-ananta eka cetanAmayI hai. zeSa sabhI kathita audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika evaM kSAyopazamika bhAva karmajanya evaM vaibhAvika hone se jIva se bhinna haiN| ataH zramaNa unase rAgadveSa nahIM karate haiN| bhAva sAmAyika ke do bheda hote haiM (1) Agama bhAva sAmAyika (2) no Agama bhAva sAmAyika / sAmAyika ke varNana karane vAle prAbhRta grantha kA jo jJAtA hai aura usake upayoga se yukta hai vaha jIva Agama bhAva sAmAyika hai, aura sAmAyika se pariNata pariNAma Adi no Agama bhAva sAmAyika hai|15 sAmAyika ke uparyukta bhedoM meM Agama bhAva sAmAyika evaM no Agama bhAva sAmAyika se hI mukhyataH zramaNoM kA prayojana hai, aura isI bhAva sAmAyika ko vistAra dete hue AcArya vaTTakera ne kahA hai ki - "samyagdarzana, jJAna, saMyama aura tapa ke sAtha jo prazasta samAgama hai vaha samaya kahA gayA hai| ataH use hI bhAda sAmAyika jAnanA cAhie tathA jinhoMne upasarga aura parISaha ko jIta liyA hai, jo bhAvanA aura samitiyoM se yukta haiM, yama aura niyama meM udyamazIla haiM, ve jIva sAmAyika se pariNata haiN| isa prakAra se pariNata hue jIvoM kA apane aura para meM, mAtA aura mahilAoM meM apriya aura priya tathA mAna-apamAna Adi meM samAna bhAva hotA hai, isI kAraNa se ve zramaNa haiM, jo sacamuca meM sAmAyika kI hI eka mUrti haiM ve jIvaMta sAmAyika haiN|16 aise sAmAyika meM pariNata hue jIva hI samasta dravyoM ke guNoM ke aura paryAyoM ke samavAya ko aura sadbhAva ko jAnate haiM, kyoMki AtmajJa hI sarvajJa hai| aise AtmajJa zramaNa rAgadveSa kA nirodha karake sabhI kAryoM meM samatA bhAva tathA dvAdazAMga evaM caturdaza-pUrva rUpa sUtroM kA zraddhAna hone se pApa yoga se virata hote haiM, tIna gupti se sahita hote haiM, rUpAdi viSayoM meM indriyoM ko na jAne dene se jo jitendriya haiM, ataH aise saMyama ke sthAna-bhUta zramaNoM ke hI uttama sAmAyika hotI hai| kAraNa ki, unakI AtmA saMyama, niyama evaM tapa meM sthita hai| sAmAyika ke isa svarupa ko aura adhika bhedoM meM pradarzita karate hue AcArya vaTTakera ne kahA ki sabhI prANiyoM meM (soM aura sthAvaroM meM ) jo samabhAvI hai, jinake rAgadraya

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180 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA vikAra utpanna nahIM hote, jinhoMne krodha, mAna, mAyA, aura lobha ko jIta liyA hai| jinakI saMjJAeM AhAra-bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha rUpa vikAra ko prApta nahIM hotI haiN| jinake pA~ca lezyAeM kRSNa, nIla, kApota Adi vikRta nahIM hotI haiN| rasa aura sparza ina "kAma" se nitya hI dUra rahate haiN| rUpa, gandha aura zabda ke bhoga ko bhogate nahIM haiN| jo Arta aura raudra dhyAna se dUra rahate haiN| dharma aura zukla dhyAna ko nitya dhyAte haiM, aise zramaNoM ke jaina dharma meM sAmAyika kahI gayI hai| aisI sAmAyika kA itanA mAhAtmya hai ki sAmAyika karate samaya zrAvaka bhI zramaNa jaisA ho jAtA hai|18 jaise parva ke dinoM meM kAI zrAvaka ( udA. sudarzana seTha Adi) sAmAyika saMyama grahaNa kara zmazAna/ekAnta meM sthita ho gayA hai| usa samaya kisI ke dvArA usa para upasarga ho aura vaha upasarga saM vicalita na ho to vaha zramaNa sadRza hI hai| yahA~ para zaMkA hai ki, yadi usa samaya vaha bhAva zramaNa ho gayA taba to use zrAvaka pada hI kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? samAdhAna -vaha bhAva zramaNa nahIM hai, kintu zramaNa ke sadRza samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki usa samaya usake pratyAkhyAna kapAya kA udaya mandatara hai| yaha sAmAyika kA mAhAtmya hai|19 sAmAyika kA kAla aura vidhi : yadyapi nizcaya sAmAyika kA koI kAla nahIM hai, kyoMki ve antarmahurta meM anekoM bAra antarmukha hokara sAmAyika karate haiM, tathApi ve pUrvAhna madhyAhna aura aparAhna ina tInoM kAloM meM chaha-chaha ghaDI ( 24 minaTa kI eka ghaDI ) sAmAyika karate hai|20 yahA~ yaha bAta bahuta vicAraNIya va dhyAna dene jaisI hai ki jisa samaya sAdhu ke sAmAyika kA kAla hai vahIM samaya tIrthaMkara kI dezanA kA kAla hai, to phira samavazaraNa meM virAja rahe muni varga divyadhvani kA zravaNa kareMge yA sAmAyika kreNge| yadi sAmAyika nahIM karate to munidharma nahIM palatA aura yadi divyadhvani nahIM sunate to usake prati anAdara pradarzita hotA hai| isa prazna kA uttara isa taraha se diyA jA sakatA hai ki, divya dhvani kA sAra bhI Atma ramaNatA hai, ataH muni AtmaramaNatA hetu sAmAyika hI kareMge, jaba svarUpa se bAhara AyeMge aura kisI prakAra kI jijJAsA yA prazna kA uttara jAnane kA abhiprAya ho, to tIrthaMkara deva kI vANI se samAdhAna prApta kara phira apane mUla prayojana sAmAyika avasthA ko prApta kreNge| ataH jayadhavalAkAra ne tInoM hI sandhyAoM meM, pakSa, mAsa ke sandhi dinoM meM yA apane icchita samaya meM bAhaya aura antaraMga sabhI kapAyoM kA nirodha karake sAmAyika karane kA kahA hai|21 mUlAcAra ne sAmAyika kI vidhi batalAte hue kahA ki "dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI zuddhipUrvaka aMjuli ko joDakara svastha buddhi se (prasannamana) sthita hokara athavA ekAgramana hokara AkulatA rUpa mana vikAra se rahita AgamAnusAra krama se sAmAyika karanI caahie|22

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paDAvazyaka/ caturvizatistava 181 caturvizatistava : RSabha Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma va guNoM kA kathana pUrvaka unakI pUjA karake unako mana, vacana kAya se namaskAra karanA caturvizatistava hai23 / bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM bhI isI prakAra kA bhAva dekhane ko milatA hai| "isa bhArata meM hue RSabha Adi caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM" ke jinavaratva Adi guNoM ke jJAna aura zraddhAna pUrvaka caubIsa stavanoM ko paDhanA no-AgamabhAva caturvizatistava hai24 parantu anagAra-dharmAmRta meM thor3A bhinna svarUpa batalAte hue kahA ki "arhata kevalI, jina loka kA udyota karane vAle arthAt jJAtA tathA dharmatIrtha ke pravartaka RSabhadeva Adi tIrthaMkaroM kA bhaktipUrvaka stavana karane ko caturviMzatistava kahate haiN| usake chaha bheda haiN|25 yahA~ para paM. AzAdhara ne tIrthaMkara ke alAvA, arhata kevalI evaM sAmAnya jina bhI sammilita kiye haiM, kyoMki sabhI tIrthaMkara to aha~ta, kevalI evaM jina haiN| parantu sabhI arhatakevalI evaM jinatIrthaMkara nahIM huA karate haiM, isI kAraNa se AzAdhara ne arhata, kevalI evaM jina kA bhI alaga se ullekha kiyA hai| tIrthaMkaratva to karmajanita upAdhi kA nAma hai, parantu aha~ta, kevalI, jina arthAta bhagavAna kI svabhAva prApta guNAtmaka dazAeM haiN| ataH ina svAbhAvika dazAoM ko prApta karane vAle sAdhaka ke lie ina dazAoM kA bhI stavana dainika caryA meM sammilita kiyA hai| AtmA kI svAbhAvika avasthA (kevalajJAna Adi AtmaguNoM) ke pragaTa hone meM mohanIya karma atyanta avarodhaka hone se ari hai, usa ghAtane se arihanta kahalAte haiM, tathA atizaya pUjA arhatvAt vA arahantaH arthAt atizaya pUjA ke yogya hone se unheM arahanta kahate haiN| A. baTTakera ne kahA ki "arahanta namaskAra aura vandanA ke yogya haiM, pUjA aura satkAra ke yogya haiM, tathA mukti meM jAne ke yogya hai ataH unheM arhanta kahate haiN|26 saba dravyoM aura sarva paryAyoM ke pratyakSa jJAtA-draSTA hone se kevalI kahe jAte haiN| aneka bhavoM ke bhayaMkara kaSToM ke kAraNabhUta karmarUpI zatruoM ko jItane se "jina" kahe jAte haiN| nAma Adi ke bheda se nau prakAra ke loka ke bhAva se udyotaka arthAt jJAtA hAta hai| loka ke nau prakAra isa taraha kahe haiM-(1) nAma loka (2) sthApanA loka ( 3 ) dravyaloka (4) kSetra loka (5) cinha loka (6) kaSAya loka (7) bhavaloka (8) bhAva loka (9) paryAya loka7 loka meM jo bhI zubha yA azubha nAma hai vaha nAmaloka hai| loka meM jo bhI akRtrima arthAt svataH sthApita aura akRtrima hai vaha sthApanAloka hai| chaha dravyoM kA samUha dravyaloka hai| adholoka, madhyaloka, aura urdhvaloka se vibhakta sapradezI AkAza kSetraloka hai| dravya guNa paryAyoM ke saMsthAna ko cinhaloka kahate haiM arthAt dharma, adharma dravyoM ko lokAkAra rUpa

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182 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA se saMsthAna, pudgala dravya kA lokasvarUpa se athavA dvIpa, nadI, samudra, parvata, pRthvI Adi rUpa se saMsthAna tathA jIva dravyaM kA samacaturasa Adi rUpa se saMsthAna dravya saMsthAna hai| guNoM kA dravyAkAra rUpa se saMsthAna guNasaMsthAna hai| paryAyoM kA dIrgha, hrasva, gola, nATaka, tiryanca Adi rUpa se saMsthAna paryAya saMsthAna hai -ye saba cinha loka haiN| udayaprApta krodhAdi kaSAya loka haiN| nAraka Adi yoniyoM meM vartamAna jIva bhavaloka hai| tIvra rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvaloka hai| paryAya loka ke cAra bheda hai-jIva ke jJAnAdi, pudgala ke sparza Adi, dharma-adharma, AkAza kAla ke gatihetutA, sthitihetutA, avagAhahetutA aura vartanA Adi ye dravyoM ke guNa, ratnaprabhA pRthivI, jambUdrIpa, zrRju vimAna Adi kSetra paryAya, Ayu ke jaghanya, madhyama, utkRSTa bheda, jIva ke asaMkhyAta loka-pramANa zubha azubha bhAva, jo karmoM ke grahaNa aura tyAga meM samartha hote haiM, ye saMkSepa meM paryAya loka ke cAra bheda haiN| isa prakAra arhantoM kA, kevaliyoM kA, jinoM kA, loka ke udyotakoM kA, aura dharmatIrtha ke kartA RSabha Adi caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA bhakti pUrvaka guNa kIrtana karanA caturvizatistava hai|28 paM. AzAdhara ne vyavahAra evaM nizcaya naya kI paddhati pUrvaka vyavahAra stava ke pA~ca bheda kiye haiN| unhoMne kahA ki-vyavahAranaya se to stava, nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, rUpa pA~ca prakAra kA hai parantu paramArtha se eka bhAvastava hai|29 bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara bhagavAna mahAvIra paryanta caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke eka hajAra ATha nAma jo ki mahApurANa ke paccIsaveM parva meM prarUpita haiM jaise bhagavAna ko zrImAna, svayambhU, vRSabha, zambhava Adi kahA gayA hai-yahA~ para tIrthaMkaroM ke antaraMga jJAnAdirUpa aura bahiraMga samavazaraNa aSTa mahAprAtihAryAdi rUpa zrI arthAt lakSmI hotI hai ataH unakA "zrImAna" nAma sArthaka hai| bhagavAna para ke upadeza ke binA svayaM hI mokSamArga ko jAnakara aura usakA anuSThAna karake ananta catuSTya rUpa hote haiM, isalie unheM svayambhU kahate haiN| ve vRpa arthAt dharma se zobhita hote haiM isalie unheM vRSabha kahate haiN| unase bhavya jIvoM ko sukha hotA hai isalie zambhava kahate haiN| isI prakAra sabhI nAma sArthaka haiN|30 isa prakAra kA nAmastava vyAvahArika hai kAraNa ki paramAtmA to vANI se agamya hai| jinasena svAmI ne kahA hai ki he bhagavAna! ina nAmoM ke gocara hote hue bhI Apa vacanoM ke agocara mAne gaye haiN| phira bhI stavana karane vAlA Apase icchita phala prApta kara letA haiM isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai| sAmAnya kI vivakSA hone para yaha nAmastava caubIsA hI tIrthaMkara kA hai kyoMki sabhI tIrthaMkara "zrImAn" Adi nAmoM ke dvArA kaha jA sakate haiN| vizapa kI apekSA caubIsoM tIrthaMkara kA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se stavana karanA bhI nAmastava hai|

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paDAvazyaka/caturviMzatistava 183 caubIsa athavA aparimita tIrthaMkaroM kI kRtrima aura akRtrima pratimAoM kA jo rUpa U~cAI caityAlaya Adi ke dvArA stavana kiyA jAtA hai use sthApanAstava kahate haiN| zarIra, cinha, guNa, U~cAI aura mAtA-pitA Adi kI mukhyatA se jo lokottama tIrthaMkaroM kA stavana kiyA jAtA hai vaha AzcaryakArI yA aneka prakAra kA dravya stava hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke svargAvataraNa, janma, dIkSA, jJAna aura nirvANakalyANakoM se pavitra ayodhyA Adi nagara, siddhArtha Adi vana aura kailAza Adi parvata pradeza kA jo stavana hai vaha kSetrastava hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke garbhAvataraNa, janma, tapa, jJAna aura nirvANakalyANakoM kI prazasta kriyAoM se garvayukta hue kAla kA varNana tIrthaMkaroM kA kAlastava hai arthAt jina samayoM meM kalyANako kI kriyAeM huyI unakA stavana kAlastava hai| paramArtha stavana-bhAva stava : ____ bhAvanA meM lIna bhavyoM ke dvArA jo kevalajJAna Adi asAdhAraNa guNoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai vaha jIvAdi padArthoM ke Azrita dravyaguNa-paryAya rUpa sampadA kA upadeza dene vAloM kA bhAvastava hai|31 vastutaH bhAvaratavana hI vAstavika stavana hai kyoMki kevalajJAnAdi guNa kA zuddhAtmA ke sAtha abheda hai| kSetra, kAla, zarIra Adi to bAhya haiN| pUrva meM hI yaha kaha Ae haiM ki, stavana meM tIrthaMkara ke alAvA "kevalI jina" Adi jIvoM ko liyA hai unameM zuddhAtmA ke stavana kI pramukhatA hai| vyavahAra naya se stavana jo ki nAma, sthApanA, dravya Adi ke bheda se paMca prakAra kA hai, vaha vastutaH stavana nahIM kyoMki usameM zarIra Adika ke mAdhyama se pudgala aura jIva kI milIjulI paryAya hai jo ki mAtra paudgalika stavana hai| AtmA, eka, akhaMDa, arUpI hai, ataH tIrthaMkara ke zarIra kI kAMti Adi vaibhava dazAoM ke stavana se tIrthaMkarastha zuddhAtmA kA stavana nahIM hai isa sandarbha meM samayasAra gA. 26 meM prazna kiyA ki kyA "tIrthaMkaroM aura AcAryoM kI jo stuti kI jAtI hai vaha saba mithyA hai" uttara meM gAthA meM hI kahA ki "jIva se bhinna isa pudgalamaya deha kI stuti karake jo sAdhu aisA mAnata haiM ki maiMne kevalI bhagavAna kI stuti kI aura vaMdanA kI hai,32 to vaha zArIrAzrita stavana nizcaya meM yogya nahIM hai, kyoMki jaise nagara kA varNana karane para bhI rAjA kA varNana nahIM kiyA jAtA, isI prakAra zarIra ke guNoM kA stavana karane para kevalI ke guNoM kA stavana nahIM hotA hai| cUMki zarIra ke guNa kevalI ke guNa nahIM hote, ataH jo kevalI ke guNoM kI stuti karatA hai, vaha paramArtha se kevalI kI stuti karatA hai| A. kundakunda nizcaya se stavana ke svarUpa ko batalAte hue kahate haiM ki "jA indriyoM ko jItakara jJAna svabhAva ke

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184 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA dvArA anya dravya se adhika AtmA ko jAnate haiM unheM, jo nizcayanaya meM sthita sAdhu haiM ve vastutaH jitendriya haiN| tathA jo muni moha ko jItakara apane AtmA kA jJAna svabhAva ke dvArA anya dravya svabhAvoM se adhika jAnatA hai vaha jitamohI nizcaya stuti karane vAlA hai| isa prakAra A. kundakunda ne indriyoM ko jItane vAlA, jitamohI evaM kSINa mohI ke nizcaya stavana kahA hai|33 samayasAra kalaza meM A. amRtacandra ina nizcaya vyavahAra stuti ko aura spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki, "zarIra aura AtmA ke vyavahAranaya se ekatva hai kintu nizcayanaya se nahIM hai, ataH zarIra ke stavana se AtmA puruSa kA stavana vyavahAranaya34 se huA kahalAtA hai, nizcayanaya se nahIM, nizcaya se to caitanya ke stavana se hI caitanya kA stavana hotA hai usa caitanya kA stavana yahA~ jitendriya, jitamoha, kSINamoha Adi rUpa se kahA hai| uparyukta prasaMga meM yaha siddha hotA hai ki zramaNa ke yathArtha SaDAvazyaka meM "stavana" Avazyaka to zuddhAtmA kA smaraNa hI hai parantu sAtha hI sAtha jina zramaNoM ne zuddhAtmA kA anubhava kara siddha hue haiM unakA bhI nAma, dravya kSetra, Adi kA smaraNa Ae binA nahIM rahatA, basa yahI vyavahAra stavana hai| vaMdanA: * arhanta, siddha Adi yA caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se kisI bhI pUjanIya AtmA kA vizuddha pariNAmoM se namaskAra, stuti, ArzIvAda-jayavAda Adi rUpa vinaya karma ko vandanA kahate haiM yahA~ para stavana va vaMdanA meM bheda samajhanA Avazyaka hai| stavana nAmaka Avazyaka meM to sabhI caubIsa tIrthaMkara bhI sAmUhika rUpa se stuti karane kA vikalpa hai parantu vandanA Avazyaka meM kisI eka tIrthaMkara vizeSa ke pUjyatva rUpa vikalpa kA sadbhAva hai| isIlie jayadhavalAkAra kahate haiM ki "eyarassa titthayarassa NamaMsaNaM vaMdaNA NAma"36 arthAt eka tIrthaMkara ko namaskAra spa vikalpa ko vaMdanA kahate haiN| aura isa deva guruvandanA se jIva nIcagotra karma kA kSaya karake ucca gotra karma kA bandha karatA hai, aura apratihata saubhAgyavAlA tathA saphala AjJAvAlA hotA huA sarvatra Adara prApta karatA hai| mUlAcAra meM vandanA ke nAmAntara nimnataH haiM: "kidiyamma cidiyamma pRyAkammaM ca viNayakammaM ca38 arthAta jisa akSara samaha se yA pariNAma se yA kriyA se AThoM karmoM kA kartana yA chedana hotA hai use kRti karma kahate haiM arthAt pApa ke vinAza kA nAma kRti karma hai| jisase tIrthaMkara Adi puNyakarma kA saMcaya hotA hai use citi karma arthAt puNya saMcaya kA kAraNa kahate haiN| jisase arhanta Adi kI pUjA kI jAtI hai use pUjA karma kahate haiN| jisase karmA kA saMkramaNa, udaya, udIraNA Adi hokara nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai use vinayakarma kahate haiN| ye saba vandanA ke nAmAntara haiN| A. amitagati ne bhI kahA hai-karma rUpI jaMgala ko jalAne ke lie agni ke samAna pA~ca parameSThiyoM kA mana-vacana-kAya kI zuddhipUrvaka

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SaDAvazyaka / vaMdanA 39 namaskAra karane ko vandanA kahate haiN| 185 vandanA ke bheda : mUlAcAra meM vaMdanA 6 prakAra kI batalAyI gayI hai / ( 1 ) tIrthaMkara yA siddha Adi kA nAma lenA nAma vaMdanA hai| tIrthaMkara, siddha AcAryAdi ke pratibimboM kI stuti karanA sthApanA vaMdanA hai| 40 ( 3 ) eka tIrthaMkara siddha yA AcAryAdi ke zarIra kI stuti karanA dravya vaMdanA hai / eka tIrthaMkara siddha yA AcAryAdi ne jisa sthAna meM nivAsa kiyA ho, usa kSetra kI stuti karanA kSetra vaMdanA hai| eka tIrthaMkara tathA siddha AcAryAdi jisa kAla meM hue haiM, usa kAla kI stuti karanA kAla vaMdanA hai| eka tIrthaMkara siddhAcAryAdi ke guNoM kI stuti karanA bhAva vaMdanA hai| vaMdanA aura kRtikarma : vaMdanA Avazyaka ke prakaraNa meM mUlAcAra, anagAradharmAmRta, Adi zramaNa dharma prarUpaka granthoM meM kRtikarma kA bahuta hI ullekha huA hai| ataH kRtikarma ke sandarbha meM vandanA kA svarUpa spaSTa honA apekSita hai| kyoMki yaha vandanA jo kRtikarma arthAt vinaya karma kA hI rUpa batAyA hai, isakI mUlAcAra meM bahuta hI mahimA gAyI gayI hai, usameM kahA hai ki alpazruta kA dhAraka bhI vinaya se karmoM kA kSapaNa karatA hai| kRtikarma kA sAmAnya lakSaNa dhavala meM prApta hotA hai, vahA~ kahA hai ki "kriyate kRtiriti vyutpatteH athavA mUlakarameva kRtiH, kriyate anayA iti vyutpatteH 41 arthAt jo kiyA jAtA hai vaha "kRti" zabda kI vyutpatti hai / athavA mUlakAraNa hI kRti hai, kyoMki jisake dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, aisI kRti zabda kI vyutpatti hai / SaTkhaNDAgama meM "kRtikarma" (kriyAkarma) kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA ki "AtmAdhIna honA, tIna pradakSiNA denA, tIna bAra avanati (namaskAra ) cAra bAra sira navAnI (catuH zira) aura bAraha Avarta ye saba "kriyAkarma" kahalAte haiN|42 kaSAya pAhuDa meM kRtikarma ko aura spaSTa karate hue kahA ki "jinadeva siddha, AcArya, aura upAdhyAya kI vandanA karate samaya jo kriyA kI jAtI hai, use kRtikarma kahate haiN| 43 AcArya vasunandi ne sAmAyika stavapUrvaka kAyotsarga cartuvizaMtistava paryanta jo vidhi hai use kRtikarma kahA hai| 44 aura isakA prayoga yathAjAta mudrAdhArI zramaNa ko mana-vacana-kAya kI zuddhi karake do praNAma, bAraha Avarta aura cAra zironati pUrvaka kRtikarma kA prayoga karane ko kahA hai| AcArya zivArya kRtikarma sthiti kalpa kA lakSaNa batalAte hue kahate haiM ki "caritra sampanna muni kA, apane guru kA, aura apane se bar3e muniyoM kA vinaya karanA zuzrUSA karanA yaha kartavya hai, aura isako kRtikarma sthiti kalpa kahate haiM / 45 yaha kRtikarma pApoM ke vinAza kA upAya kahA hai| 46

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5 186 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA AcArya vaTTakera ne sAdhu ko kRtikarma karane ke lie usase sambandhita nau taraha se vicAra karane kA nirdeza diyA hai|47 (1)kRtikarma kauna kare ? arthAt kRtikarma ke svAmitva kI apekSA vicAra karanA caahie| (2) kisakA kare ? (3) kisa vidhi se kare ? ( 4 ) kisa avasthA meM kare ? (5) kitanI bAra kare ? (6) kitanI avanatiyoM se kare ? (7) kitanI bAra mastaka para hAtha rakhakara kare ? (8) kitane AvargoM se zuddha hotA hai| (9) kitane doSoM rahita kRtikarma kre| 1. kRtikarma kA svAmI kRtikarma arthAt vaMdana kartA kA svarUpa, jo pA~ca mahAvratoM ke anuSThAna meM tatpara ho, dharma aura dharma ke phala meM jinakA zarIraharSa se romAMcita ho rahA ho, Alasya rahita ho, mAna-kaSAya se rahita ho, karma nirjarA ke icchuka ho, aise muni dIkSA meM eka rAtri bhI yadi laghu hai, to ve sarvakAla, AcArya, pravartaka, upAdhyAya tathA ratnatraya ke vizeSa rUpa se ArAdhakoM kI mAna rahita hokara yathAyogya vaMdanA karate haiN|48 2. kRtikarma kA viSaya - kRtikarma kA viSaya kyA hai ? arthAt vaMdanA ke yogya kauna nahIM hai ? aura kauna hai ? isa para vicArate hue kahA ki udyamI ratnatrayadhArI sAdhu asaMyata mAtA-pitA kI, asaMyata gurU kI, dIkSA guru yadi caritra meM zithila hoM, yA zrutaguru asaMyata haiM athavA cAritra meM zithila haiM, to unakI vandanA na kareM, arthAt zramaNa kA zikSA guru-bhraSTa ho yA phira asaMyata gRhastha ho jaise ki paM. AzAdhara jI zramaNoM ko paDhAte the to aisI dazA meM zramaNa ke lie avaMdanIka hI haiN| isI prakAra rAjA, pAkhaMDI, zAstrAdi se prauDha dezavratI zrAvaka indrAdikadeva bhI avandanIka hI haiN| tathA pArzvastha Adi zramaNa nintha hote hae bhI darzana jJAna cAritra meM zithila haiN| ataH avandanIka haiN| aise zithilAcArI bhraSTa zramaNa, ratnatrayadhArI zramaNoM ke dvArA avaMdanIka to hai hI, sAtha hI ve yathokta anuSThAna karate hue zrAvaka ke dvArA bhI avaMdanIka haiN| AcArya aparAjita sUri ne do prakAra ke abhyutthAna aura prayoga vinaya ke bheda se vaMdanA kahI hai| abhyutthAna kA svarUpa batalAyA hai ki "vinaya se mAna kaSAya kA vinAza hotA hai| gurujanoM meM bahumAna, tIrthakaroM kI AjJA kA pAlana, zruta meM kahe gaye dharma kI ArAdhanA, pariNAma vizuddhi, Arjava aura santoSa rUpa phala kI apekSA karake vinaya kI jAtI hai| AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka Adi kI vandanA (kRtikarma) apane karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie karanA caahie|49

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ghaDAvazyaka/vaMdanA 187 3. kRtikarma kI vidhi kRtikarma kI vidhi va usake yogya mudrA para bhI vicAra kiyaa| kRtikarma karate samaya pAryakAsana se baiThane kA nirdeza hai|50 usa samaya zarIra ko, sama zvaju aura nizcala rakhakara abhyantara bAdhAoM se rahita anukUla sparzavAlI pavitra bhUmi para sukha pUrvaka baiThanA caahie| apanI goda meM bAyeM hAtha ke Upara dAhinA hAtha rakhe netra na adhika khule hoM, na adhika banda hoM, aisI sthiti meM mana-vacana aura kAya kI vizuddhipUrvaka mada rahita hokara, karmoM kA ullaMghana na karake kRtikarma karanA caahie| 4. kRtikarma kisa avasthA meM kareM ? jaba AcArya, upAdhyAya ityAdi dhyAna Adi kArya meM na hoM aura zAnta citta hokara paryaMkAsanapUrvaka Asana meM baiThe hoM taba he prabho! maiM vandanA karatA hU~-isa taraha medhAvI muni ko sambodhita karate hue prArthanApUrvaka kRtikarma kre| yaha kRtikarma, vikSipta citta, hue athavA pITha karake baiThe hue, AhAra-nihAra karate hue guruoM ko nahIM kiyA jaataa| isake sAtha hI vizeSa avasaroM para yathA-AlocanA, sAmAyikAdi SaDAvazyaka, prazna pUchane ke pUrva, pUjana, svAdhyAya, krodhAdi aparAdha ke samaya, AcArya-upAdhyAya kI vaMdanA karanI caahie|53 jaba muni vaMdanA karate haiM, taba anya AcAryAdi sAdhu bhI bahuta prema se unheM picchi lekara prativandanA karate haiN| 5. kRtikarma kitanI bAra kareM ? SaTkhaNDAgama meM kahA hai ki kRtikarma tInoM saMdhyAkAloM meM karanA caahie| isakI TIkA karate hae vIrasenAcArya kahate haiM ki katikarma ke tIna hI bAra karane kA aisA koI ekAntika niyama nahIM hai, kyoMki anya samaya meM bhI vaMdanA ke pratiSedha kA koI niyama nahIM hai parantu, tIna bAra to avazya hI karanA caahie|54 tInoM kAloM meM kiye jAne vAle kRtikarma meM sAmAyika, caturvizatistava aura vandanA ina tInoM AvazyakoM kI pramukhatA hotI hai, tathA tInoM saMdhyAkAloM meM kiyA jAne vAlA kRtikarma muni aura zrAvaka donoM ke samAna hai| mUlAcArakAra ne pUrvAhna aura aparAhna donoM kAloM ke bheda se sAta-sAta bAra karake caudaha kRtikarma kA vidhAna kiyA hai| sAdhu ke sAta kRtikarma isa prakAra se haiM-(1) AlocanA, (2) pratikramaNa (3) vIra (4) caturvizaMtitIrthaMkara ye cAra bhakti pratikramaNa kAla ke kRtikarma haiM tathA (5) zrutabhakti (6) AcArya bhakti (7) svAdhyAya upasaMhAra ye tIna svAdhyAya kAla ke kRtikarma hai| 55 6. kRtikarma kitanI avanatiyoM se kareM ? avanati se abhiprAya hai bhUmi para baiThakara bhUmi sparzapUrvaka nmn|56 krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi se rahita mana-vacana aura kAya kI zuddhipUrvaka kRtikarma meM do avanati karanA caahie|57

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188 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 7. kitane bAra zironati (mastaka se hAtha jor3akara) kRtikarma kare ? avanati kI taraha mana-vacana aura kAya kI zuddhipUrvaka cAra bAra sira se namana karake kRtikarma karanA caahie| arthAt sAmAyika ke prArambha aura anta meM tathA thossAmi daNDaka ke prArambha aura anta meM isa taraha cAra bAra zironati vidhi kI jAtI hai| 8. kRtikarma kitane AvartoM se zuddha hotA hai ? prazasta yoga ko eka avasthA se haTAkara dUsarI avasthA meM le jAne kA nAma parAvartana yA Avarta hai| mana-vacana aura kAya kI apekSA Avarta ke tIna bheda isa taraha bAraha bheda haiN| sAmAyika ke prArambha meM tIna aura anta meM tIna, caturvizatistava ke prArambha aura anta meM tIna-tIna kula milAkara bAraha AvargoM se kRtikarma zuddha hotA hai| ataH vaMdanA ke lie udyata sAdhu ko ye bAraha Avarta karanA caahie|59 9. doSa rahita kRtikarma battIsa doSoM se rahita kRtikarma karanA caahie|60 tabhI nirdoSa vaMdanA ho sakatI hai| vaMdanA ke 32 doSa isa prakAra se haiN| 1. anAdRta - nirAdarapUrvaka yA alpabhAva se samasta kriyA-karma krnaa| 2. stabdha - vidyA jAti Adi ATha madoM ke garva pUrvaka vandanA krnaa| 3. praviSTa - paMcaparameSThI ke ati sannikaTa hokara yA asantuSTatA pUrvaka vaMdanA / 4. paripIDita- donoM hAthoM se donoM jaghAoM yA ghuTanoM ke sparza pUrvaka vNdnaa| 5. dolAyita - dolAyamAnayukta hokara arthAt zarIra hilAte hue vaMdanA krnaa| 6. aMkazita - hAtha ke aMgaThe ko aMkaza kI taraha lalATa se lagAkara vndnaa| 7. kacchapariMgita - kachue kI taraha ceSTApUrvaka reMgakara vaMdanA krnaa| 8. matsyodavarta - machalI kI taraha kamara ko UMcI karake vaMdanA krnaa| 9. manoduSTa - ya athavA saMkleza manayukta vaMdanA krnaa| 10. bedikA baddha - donoM hAthoM se donoM ghuTanoM ko bAMdhakara vakSasthala ke mardanapUrvaka vNdnaa| 11. bhaya - maraNa Adi sAta bhayoM se Darakara vaMdanA krnaa| 12. vibhya - paramArtha ko jAne binA guru Adi se bhayabhIta hokara vaMdanA krnaa| 13. zrRddhigaurava-- vaMdanA karane se koI cAturvarNya zramaNa saMgha kA bhakta ho jAyegA, isa abhiprAya se vaMdanA krnaa| 14. gaurava - AsanAdi ke dvArA apanA gaurava pragaTa karake, athavA rasayukta bhojana Adi kI spRhA rakhakara vaMdanA krnaa| 15. stenita - AcAryAdi se chipakara-isa DhaMga se vaMdanA karanA jisase unheM jJAta na ho|

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paDAvazyaka/vaMdanA 189 16. pratinIta - deva guru Adi ke pratikUla hokara vaMdanA karanA 17. praduSTa - dUsaroM ke sAtha Trepa, vaira, kalaha Adi karake usase kSamA mAMge yA kiye binA vaMdanA Adi kriyA kre| 18. tarjita - dUsaroM ko bhaya dikhAkara athavA AcAryAdi ke dvArA tarjanI aMguli Adi se tarjita arthAt anuzAsita kiye jAne para ki yadi niyamAdi kA pAlana nahIM karoge, to Apako nikAla dUMgA-aisA tajita kiya jAne para hI vedanA karanA tarjita doSa hai| 19. zabda - mauna chor3akara zabda bolate hue vaMdanA karanA zabda doSa hai| 20. hIlita - AcArya yA anya sAdhuoM kA parAbhava karake vaMdanA krnaa| 21. trivalita - lalATa kI tIna rekhAeM car3hAkara vaMdanA karanA yA vaMdanA karate samaya kamara, hadaya aura kaNTha ina tInoM meM bhaMgimA par3a jaanaa| 22. kuMcita - ghuTanoM ke bIca meM mastaka jhukAkara vandanA karanA donoM hAthoM se sira kA sparzakara saMkoca rUpa hokara vaMdanA krnaa| 23. dRSTa .. AcArya ke sAmane ThIka se vandanA karanA, parokSa meM svacchandatApUrvaka athavA icchAnukUla dazoM dizAoM meM avalokana karate hue vaMdanA krnaa| 24. adRSTa - AcArya na dekha sakeM, ataH aise sthAna se vaMdanA krnaa| 25. saMgha kara mocana - saMgha ke ruSTa hone ke bhaya se, tathA saMgha ko prasanna karane ke uddezya se vaMdanA ko kara (Taiksa ) bhAga samajhakara pUrti krnaa| 26. Alabdha - upakaraNAdi prApta karake vaMdanA krnaa| 27. anAlabdha - upakaraNAdi kI AzA se vaMdanA krnaa| 28. hIna - grantha, artha, kAlAdi pramANa rahita vaMdanA krnaa| 29. uttara cUlikA - vaMdanA ko thoDe samaya meM pUrNa karanA tathA usakI cUlikA sambandhI AlocanA Adi ko adhika samaya taka sampanna karake vaMdanA krnaa| 30. mUka - mUka vyakti kI taraha mukha ke bhItara hI bhItara vaMdanA pATha bolanA athavA vaMdanA karate hue huMkAra, aMguli Adi kI saMjJA (ceSTA ) krnaa| 31. dardura - apane zabdoM ke dvArA dUsare ke zabdoM ko dabAne ke uddezya se teja gale ke dvArA mahAkalakala yukta zabda karake vaMdanA krnaa| 32. cukulita - eka hI sthAna hAkara, hAthA kI aMjali ko ghamAkara sabakI vaMdanA karanA athavA curulita pATha ke anusAra paMcamAdi svara se (gAkara) vaMdanA krnaa|

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190 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA vaMdanA ke uparyukta doSoM se rahita hI vaMdanA nirdoSa mAnI gayI hai| battIsa doSoM meM se kisI eka ke bhI hote hue sAdhu nirdoSa kRtikarma nahIM kara sakatA hai| pratikramaNa : ____ vyakti ke apane eka dIrgha kAlIna yAtrA meM pramAda-vaza pada-pada para antaraMga va vahiraMga doSa lagA karate haiM, cAhe vaha zrAvaka ho yA shrmnn| nIce giranA yaha koI vizeSa aparAdha nahIM, parantu girakara bhI uThane kA prayatna na karanA yaha akSamya aparAdha hai| zramaNa ke zreyomArga ke lie yaha ati Avazyaka hai ki vaha apanA zodhana karatA rhe| bhUtakAla meM jo doSa lage haiM unake zodhana hetu,prAyazcitta pazcAttApa,va guru ke samakSa apanI nindA-gardA karanA hI pratikramaNa zabda se kahA jAtA hai| dina, rAtri, pakSa mAsa, saMvatsara Adi meM lage doSoM ko dUra karane kI apekSA vaha kaI prakAra kA hai| ___isa pratikramaNa kA nizcayanaya aura vyavahAra naya kI apekSA do prakAra se pratipAdana hotA hai| nizcayanaya kI apekSA se pUrva kRtakarmoM ke pradatta phaloM ko apanA na mAnanA pratikramaNa kahA hai| uttamArtha AtmA (kAraNa samayasAra svarupa ) meM sthita munivara karma kA ghAta karate haiM, ataH dhyAna hI vAstava meM uttamArtha kA pratikramaNa hai|62 nija zuddhAtma pariNati hai lakSaNa jisakA aisI jo kriyA hai vaha nizcaya naya se vahata pratikramaNa kahI jAtI hai| 3 zuddha nizcaya naya meM paryAya ko gauNakara dhruva tatva kI pramukhatA rahatI hai| aura usakI apekSA se to dhruva trikAla zuddha hai ataH pratikramaNa kA prazna hI nahIM hai| parantu aisA sarvathA mAna lene para nizcayAbhAsa kA prasaMga prApta hogaa| ataH paryAyArthika naya ko viSaya banAkara kahA gayA ki paryAya meM jo doSa huA hai vaha "merA doSa mithyA ho", guru se aisA nivedana karake apanI pratikriyA vyakta karanA pratikramaNa hai|64 athavA pramAda ke dvArA kiye doSoM kA jisake dvArA nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, usako pratikramaNa kahate haiN| isI prakAra kA hI svarUpa dhavala meM prApta hai| caurAsI lAkha guNoM ke samUha se saMyukta pA~ca mahAvratoM meM utpanna hue mala ko dhone kA nAma pratikramaNa hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se kiyA gayA jo vrata meM doSa usakA zodhanA, AcAryAdi ke samIpa AlocanApUrvaka apane doSoM ko prakaTa karanA, vaha munirAja kA pratikramaNa guNa hotA hai| tathA guruoM ke sAmane AlocanA kiye binA saMvega aura nirveda se yukta sAdhu ko phira kabhI aisA na kareMgA yaha kahakara apane aparAdha se nivRtta honA pratikramaNa nAma kA prAyazcitta hotA hai|67 pratikramaNa ke daivasika, rAtrika, aipithika, cAturmAsika, sAvaMtsarika, aura uttamArtha pratikramaNa aise sAta bheda kiye gaye haiN|68 jinakA bhAva apane zabdoM se spaSTa hI hai|. azubha se nivRtta hone rUpa pratikramaNa ke 6 nikSepa nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva meM kiye gaye haiN|69

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SaDAvazyaka / pratikramaNa 1. ayogya nAmoM kA uccAraNa na karanA yaha nAma pratikramaNa hai / 2. AptAbhAsoM kI pratimA ke Age khaDe hokara hAtha joDanA, mastaka navAnA, dravya se pUjA karanA isa prakAra ke sthApanA kA tyAga karanA, athavA trasa, athavA sthAvara jIvoM kI sthApanAoM kA nAza karanA, mardana yA tAr3ana Adi kA tyAga karanA sthApanA pratikramaNa hai| 191 3. udgamAdi doSa yukta vasatikA, upakaraNa va AhAra kA tyAga karanA, ayogya abhilASA, unmattatA tathA saMkleza pariNAma ko baDhAne vAle AhArAdi kA tyAga karanA, yaha saba dravya pratikramaNa hai / 4. pAnI, kIcar3a, trasa jIva, sthAvara se vyApta pradeza, tathA ratnatraya kI hAni jahA~ ho aise pradezoM kA tyAga karanA kSetra pratikramaNa hai / 5. rAtri, tInoM saMdhyAoM meM, svAdhyAya kAla, Avazyaka kriyA ke kAloM meM Ane-jAne kA tyAga karanA yaha kAla pratikramaNa hai| 6. Arta - raudra ityAdika azubha pariNAma va puNyAsava ke kAraNabhUta azubha pariNAma kA tyAga karanA bhAva pratikramaNa hai| 70 isa prakAra kiye hue aticAroM kA mana se tyAga karanA manaH pratikramaNa, vacanoM ke dvArA sUtroM kA uccAraNa vAkya pratikramaNa tathA zarIra ke dvArA duSkRtyoM kA AcaraNa na karanA yaha pratikramaNa hai| 71 samayasAra tA.vR. TIkA meM apratikramaNa ko batalAte hue kahA hai ki apratikramaNa Dho prakAra kA hotA hai- jJAnI janoM ke Azrita va ajJAnI janoM ke Azrita / ajJAnI janoM ke Azrita jo apratikramaNa hai vaha, viSaya-kaSAya kI pariNati rUpa arthAt heyopAdeya ke viveka zUnya sarvathA atyAga rUpa anargala pravRtti hai / parantu jJAnI jIvoM ke Azrita jo apratikramaNa hai vaha zuddhAtmA ke samyAzraddhAna jJAna va AcaraNa lakSaNa vAle abheda ratnatrayaM rUpa yA trigupti rUpa hai| 72 pUrvAnubhUta viSayoM kA anubhava va rAgAdi rUpa apratikramaNa do prakAra kA hai- dravya va bhAva apratikramaNa 173 atIta kAla meM jina paradravyoM kA grahaNa kiyA thA unheM vartamAna meM acchA samajhanA, unake saMskAra rahanA, unake prati mamatva rahanA, vaha dravya apratikramaNa hai aura una paradravyoM ke nimitta se jo rAgAdi bhAva hue the, unheM vartamAna meM acchA jAnanA, unake saMskAra rahanA, unake prati mamatva rahanA, bhAva apratikramaNa hai| 74

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192 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA ___ pratikramaNa ziSyagaNoM ke lie AlocanApUrvaka kahA hai aura guru ke lie AlocanA ke binA hI hotA hai| kyoMki guru svayaM kisI anya se AlocanA nahIM karatA hai| parantu ziSyagaNa vinayakarma karake,zarIra va AsanaM ko picchi va netra se zuddha karake, aMjali kriyA meM zuddha huA nirmala pravRtti vAlA sAdhu zrRddhi Adi gaurava aura jAti Adi ke mAna ko chor3akara guru se apane aparAdhoM kA nivedana karake pratikramaNa kreN| pratikramaNa kI vidhi vratoM ke aticAroM ko dUra karane kA upAya pratikramaNa hI hai| tathA AtmAlocana pUrvaka kiyA gayA pratikramaNa, pratikramaNa kahalAtA hai| ataH isakI vidhi kA jJAna honA bhI paramAvazyaka hai| AcArya vaTTakera ne isakI vidhi nimna prakAra batalAyI hai-sarvaprathama vinaya karma karake, zarIra, Asana Adi kA picchikA se pramArjana va A~khoM se bhalIbhAMti dekhakara zuddhi kre| isake bAda hAtha jor3a kara zrRddhi Adi gaurava tathA jAti Adi sabhI taraha ke mAna choDakara vratoM meM hue aticAroM ko guru ke samakSa nivedana karanA caahie| AcArya ke samakSa aparAdhoM kA nivedana nityaprati karanA cAhie, tathA isameM kAla kSetra nahIM honA caahie| alpa aparAdha ke samaya yadi guru samIpa na ho taba vaisI dazA meM-"maiM phira aisA kabhI na karU~gA, merA pApa mithyA ho" isa prakAra pratikramaNa kara lenA caahie| AlocanA bhakti karate samaya kAyotsarga pratikramaNa bhakti karane meM kAyotsarga, vIrabhakti meM kAyotsarga, aura caturvizati tIrthaMkara bhakti meM kAyotsarga-pratikramaNakAla meM ye cAra kRtikarma karane kA vidhAna hai| madhyama tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana ke jIva dRr3ha buddhivAle smaraNa zakti se sahita, ekAgracitta vAle hote haiM, kintu prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara ke zAsana ke ziSya caMcala mana vAle, moha se sahita, Rju jar3amati vAle aura vakra jar3amati vAle hote haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja sabhI pratikramaNa karanA Avazyaka hI haiN| yahA~ pratikramaNa kA vivecana madhyama parimANa meM hai vistAra se mUlAcAra Adi meM varNita hai| pratyAkhyAna: AgAmI kAla meM dopa na karane kI pratijJA karanA pratyAkhyAna hai athavA sImita avadhi ke lie AhArAdika kA tyAga karanA pratyAkhyAna hai| tyAga prArambha karate samaya pratyAkhyAna . kI pratiSThApanA aura avadhi pUrNa hone para usakI niSThApanA kI jAtI hai| "pratyAkhyAnAdi ke grahaNa binA yadi kadAcit pUrvabaddha Ayukarma ke vaza se Ayu kSINa ho jAe, to vaha sAdhu virAdhaka samajhA jAtA hai| kintu isake viparIta pratyAkhyAna sahita tatkAla maraNa hone para thor3I dera ke lie aura thor3A sA grahaNa kiyA huA pratyAkhyAna caNDa nAmaka cANDAla kI taraha mahAn phala dene vAlA hotA hai|80

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SaDAvazyaka/pratyAkhyAna 193 nizcayanaya kI apekSA pratyAkhyAna kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA ki-"bhaviSyat kAla kA zubha va azubha karma jisa bhAva meM ba~dhatA hai, usa bhAva se jo AtmA nivRtta hotA hai, vaha AtmA pratyAkhyAna hai| 1 athavA samasta jalpa ko choDakara aura anAgata zubha va azubha kA nivAraNa karake jo AtmA ko dhyAtA hai, use pratyAkhyAna kahate haiN| jo nijabhAva ko nahIM chor3atA, kiMcita bhI parabhAva ko grahaNa nahIM karatA, sarva ko jAnatA dekhatA hai, "vaha maiM hU~"-aisA jJAnI cintana karatA hai| AcArya amitagati bhI yahI kahate haiM ki, jo mahApuruSa samasta karmajanita vAsanA se rahita AtmA ko dekhane vAle haiM, unake jo pApoM ke Ane meM kAraNabhUta bhAvoM kA tyAga hai, use pratyAkhyAna kahate haiN|83 vyavahAra pratyAkhyAna kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA ki "muni dina meM bhojana karake phira yogyakAla paryanta anna, pAna, khAdya aura lehya kI ruci choDate haiM, yaha vyavahAra pratyAkhyAna hai|84 bhaviSyat meM doSa na hone dene ke lie sannaddha honA pratyAkhyAna hai|85 pratyAkhyAna, saMyama aura mahAvrata eka artha vAle haiN|86 mahAvratoM ke vinAza va malotpAdana ke kAraNa jisa prakAra na hoMge vaisA karatA hU~, aisI mana se AlocanA karake caurAsI lAkha vratoM kI zuddhi ke pratigraha kA nAma pratyAkhyAna hai|87 AcArya vaTTakera ne nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra kAla aura bhAva ina chahoM meM zubha mana, vacana va kAya se AgAmI kAla ke lie ayogya kA tyAga karanA pratyAkhyAna kahA hai|88 pratyAkhyAna ke bheda mUlAcArakAra ne pratyAkhyAna ke dasa bheda kiye haiN|89 1. bhaviSyatakAla meM kie jAne vAle upavAsa Adi pahale kara lenA, jaise caturdazI Adi meM jo upavAsa karanA thA usako trayodazI Adi meM kara lenA anAgata pratyAkhyAna hai| 2. atItakAla meM kie jAne vAle upavAsa Adi ko Age karanA atikrAnta pratyAkhyAna hai| jaise caturdazI Adi meM jo upavAsa Adi karanA hai use pratipadA Adi meM krnaa| 3. zakti Adi kI apekSA se saMkalpa sahita upavAsa karanA koTisahita pratyAkhyAna hai| jaise kala prAtaH svAdhyAya velA ke anantara yadi zakti rahegI to upavAsa Adi karU~gA, yadi zakti nahIM rahI to nahIM karU~gA, isa prakAra se jo saMkalpa karake pratyAkhyAna hotA hai vaha koTisahita hai| 4. pAkSika Adi meM avazya kie jAne vAle upavAsa karanA nikhaNDita pratyAkhyAna hai| 5. bheda sahita upavAsa karane ko sAkAra pratyAkhyAna kahate haiN| jaise sarvatobhadra, kanakAvalI Adi vratoM kI vidhi se upavAsa karanA, rohiNI Adi nakSatroM ke bheda se upavAsa krnaa|

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194 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 6. svecchA se upavAsa karanA, jaise nakSatra yA tithi Adi kI apekSA ke binA hI svaruci se kabhI bhI kara lenA anAkAra pratyAkhyAna hai| 7. pramANa sahita upavAsa ko parimANagata kahate haiN| jaise belA, telA, cAra upavAsa, pA~ca upavAsa, sAta dina, pandraha dina, eka mAsa Adi kAla ke pramANa upavAsa Adi karanA parimANagata pratyAkhyAna hai| 8. jIvana paryanta ke lie cAra prakAra ke AhAra Adi kA tyAga karanA aparizeSa pratyAkhyAna hai| 9. mArga-viSayaka pratyAkhyAna adhvAnagata hai| jaise jaMgala yA nadI Adi se nikalane ke prasaMga meM upavAsa Adi karanA arthAt isa vana se bAhara pahu~cane taka mere caturvidha AhAra kA tyAga hai yA isa nadI se pAra hone taka caturvidha AhAra kA tyAga hai aisA upavAsa karanA so adhvAnagata pratyAkhyAna hai| 10. hetu sahita upavAsa sahetuka haiM, yathA-upasarga Adi ke nimitta se upavAsa Adi karanA sahetuka nAma kA pratyAkhyAna hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI TIkA karate hue aparAjita sUri ne yoga ke sambandha se mana-vacana-kAya kI dRSTi se pratyAkhyAna ke tIna bheda kiye haiN| nikSepa dRSTi se bhI pratyAkhyAna ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya kSetra kAla aura bhAva rUpa se chaha bheda milate haiN| 1 zve. sampradAya meM bhI pratyAkhyAna ke tIna aura pA~ca bhedoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| 2 vyavahAra naya ke viSayabhUta aneka bheda rUpa pratyAkhyAna ke dvArA yadyapi zramaNa nijako para padArtha ke saMkalpa rUpa bhogoM se bacAtA hai, tathApi nizcayanaya se dekhA jAve to jisameM samasta saMkalpoM kA anta hotA hai aisI svAzrita pariNati rUpa zraddhA,jJAna, cAritra, hone para "sarva padArtha para haiM" aisA jJAna hI yathArtha meM pratyAkhyAna hai| AtmA meM "tyAga grahaNa zUnyatva" zakti hone se isane para padArtha ko Aja taka grahaNa hI nahIM kiyA, to phira usake tyAga kI carcA hI vyartha hai, aura yaha carcA mithyAtva rUpa, ataH karmabandha kA kAraNa bhI hai| isa jIva ne anAdi kAla se yaha mAna avazya rakhA hai ki "maiM para ko grahaNa kara sakatA hU~, aura karatA huuN| aura isa para- padArtha ko grahaNa karane rUpa mAnyatA kA tyAga hI nizcayanaya se jainadharma meM pratyAkhyAna kahA hai| ataH jJAna hI pratyAkhyAna hai| tathA yahI pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka ke karane kI vidhi hai| kAyotsarga : bAhara meM kSetra-vAstu Adi kA aura Abhyantara meM kaSAya Adi kA athavA niyama aniyata kAla ke lie zarIra ke moha kA tyAga karanA vyutsarga tapa yA vyutsarga prAyazcitta hai| vyutsarga prAyazcitta kA apara nAma kAyotsarga hai, jo daivasika, rAtrika, cAturmAsika Adi doSoM ke sAdhanArtha vidhipUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai| zarIra para se mamatva buddhi choDakara,

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SaDAvazyaka / kAyotsarga upasarga Adi ko jItatA huA, antarmuhurta yA eka dina, mAsa va varSa paryanta nizcala khar3e rahanA kAyotsarga hai| 94 aisA kAyotsarga khaDe hokara, baiThakara yA leTakara bhI maunapUrvaka bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| samAdhimaraNa ke samaya yAvajjIvana ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA kAyotsarga leTakara hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1 195 AcArya vaTTakera ne kAyotsarga kA svarUpa va vidhi batalAte hue kahA ki, daivasika nizcita kriyAoM meM yathokta kAla pramANa paryanta uttama kSamA Adi nija guNoM kI bhAvanA sahita deha meM mamatva ko chor3anA kAyotsarga hai| 95 A. akalaMka deva ne bhI yahI kahA hai ki "parimita kAla ke lie zarIra se mamatva kA tyAga karanA kAyotsarga hai / "96 kundakunda ne isako bahuta mArmika DhaMga kahA ki "kAya Adi para- dravyoM meM sthira bhAva choDakara jo AtmA ko nirvikalpa rUpa se dhyAtA hai use kAyotsarga hai| 97 A. kAyotsarga Avazyaka rUpa tapa ko vistAra se samajhAte hue kArtikeya svAmI kahate haiM ki "jisa muni kA zarIra jalla aura malla se lipta ho, jo dussaha roga ke ho jAne para bhI usakA ilAja nahIM karatA ho, mukha dhonA Adi zarIra ke saMskAra se udAsIna ho, aura bhojana zayyA Adi kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA ho, tathA apane svarUpa ke cintana meM hI lIna rahatA ho, durjana aura sajjana meM madhyastha ho, aura zarIra se bhI mamatva na karatA ho, usa muni ke kAyotsarga nAma kA tapa hotA hai| 98 kAyotsarga kA prayojana : isa kAyotsarga kA prayojana va phala batalAte hue AcArya vaTTakera ne kahA ki "IryApatha ke aticAra ko zodhane ke lie, mokSamArga meM sthita, zarIra meM mamatva ko choDane vAle muni, duHkha ke nAza karane ke lie kAyotsarga karate haiM / kAyotsarga karane para jaise aMgo - upAMgoM kI saMdhiyAM bhida jAtI haiM usI prakAra isase karmarUpI dhUla bhI alaga ho jAtI hai| 99 parantu yaha kAyotsarga bala aura Atma zakti kA Azraya karake, kSetra-kAla aura saMhanana inake bala kI apekSA karake kAyotsarga ke kahe jAne vAle doSoM kA parityAga karate hue karanA caahie| mAyAcArI se rahita, apanI zakti ke anusAra, bAla Adi avasthA ke anukUla, dhIra puruSa duHkha ke kSaya ke lie kAyotsarga karate haiN| jo tIsa varSa pramANa yauvana avasthA vAle samartha sAdhu sattara varSa vAle azakta vRddha ke sAtha kAyotsarga kI pUrNatA karake samAna rahatA hai, vRddha kI barAbarI karatA hai, vaha sAdhu zAnta rUpa nahIM hai, mAyAcArI hai, vijJAnarahita hai, cAritra rahita evaM jar3a hai| 00

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196 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA kAyotsarga kA kAla - yaha kAyotsarga paMca pApoM ke aticAra meM, bhakta pAna va gocarI ke pazcAt, tIrtha va niSadyA Adi kI vandanArtha jAne para, laghu va dIrgha zaMkA karane para, grantha ko Arambha karate samaya va pUrNa ho jAne para IryA- patha doSoM kI nivRtti ke artha kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| "kAyotsarga eka varSa kA utkRSTa aura antarmuharta pramANa jaghanya hotA hai| zeSa kAyotsarga dina-rAtri ke bheda se bahuta haiN|"101 eka bAra NamokAra mantra ke uccAraNa meM tIna zvosAcchvAsa hote haiN| yathA Namo arahaMtANaM pada bolakara zvAsa Upara khIMcanA aura Namo siddhANaM pada bolakara zvAsa nIce chor3anA aisA eka zvAsocchvAsa huaa| aise hI "Namo AyariyANaM" aura "Namo uvajjhAyANa" meM eka zvAsocchvAsa tathA "Namo loe aura "savvasAhUNa" isa pada meM eka zvAsocchvAsa ye tIna ucchvAsa ho jAte haiN| Age kAyotsargoM ke pramANa AcArya ne ucchavAsoM ke mAdhyama se batalAyA hai| daivasika pratikramaNa ke kAyotsarga meM 108 ucchvAsa hote haiN| arthAt vIra bhakti ke prArambha meM 36 bAra NamokAra mantra japane meM 108 ucchvAsa ho jAte haiN| rAtrika pratikramaNa ke kAyotsarga meM 54 ucchavAsa, pAkSika pratikramaNa ke kAyotsarga meM 300 ucchvAsa, cAturmAsika pratikramaNa meM 400 tathA sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa meM 500 zvAsocchavAsoM meM mahAmantra kA dhyAna hotA hai| 02 mahAvratoM ke atIcAra meM 108 ucchavAsa kA kAyotsarga, bhojana pAna meM, grAmAntara gamana meM, arhanta ke kalyANaka sthAna va muniyoM kI niSadyA vandanA meM mala mUtra visarjana meM paccIsa ucchvAsa kA kAyotsarga karanA caahie| kAyotsarga ke bheda : kAyotsarga ke cAra bheda hote hai-utthitotthita, utthitaniviSTa, upaviSTotthita aura upvissttnivisstt| jo dhyAna meM khar3e hokara jinamudrA se kAyotsarga kara rahe haiM, aura unake pariNAma bhI dharmadhyAna rUpa yA zukla dhyAna rUpa haiM, unakA vaha kAyotsarga utthitotthita haiN| jo kAyotsarga meM sthita hai parantu Arta aura raudra ina do dhyAna ko dhyAte haiM unakA yaha utthita niviSTa nAma kAyotsarga hai| jo baiThakara yogamudrA se kAyotsarga kara rahe haiM, kintu antaraMga meM dharma-dhyAna yA zukladhyAna rUpa upayoga cala rahA hai| unakA vaha kAyotsarga upaviSTa utthita hai|

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SaDAvazyaka/kAyotsarga 197 ___ jo baiThakara ArtadhyAna yA raudradhyAna rUpa pariNAma kara rahe haiM unakA vaha kAyotsarga upaviSTaniviSTa kahalAtA hai| inameM se prathama va tRtIya arthAt utthitotthita va upaviSTotthita iSTa phalaprada evaM zeSa aniSTa phaladAyI haiN| kAyotsarga ke doSa : kAyotsarga ke battIsa doSa nimna haiM:1. ghoTaka - __ghor3A jaise eka paira ko uThAkara athavA jhukAkara khar3A hotA hai usI prakAra se jo kAyotsarga meM khar3e hote haiM unake ghoTaka sadRza yaha ghoTaka nAma kA doSa hotA hai| 2. latA - latA ke samAna aMgoM ko hilAtA huA jo kAyotsarga meM sthita hotA hai unake yaha latA doSa hotA hai| 3.. stambha - jo khambhe kA Azraya lekara kAyotsarga karate haiM athavA stambha ke samAna zUnya hRdaya hokara karate haiM, usake sAhacarya se yaha vahI doSa ho jAtA hai arthAta unake yaha stambha doSa hotA hai| 4. kuDya - bhittI-dIvAla kA Azraya lekara jo kAyotsarga se sthita hote haiM unake yaha kuDya doSa hotA hai| athavA sAhacarya se yaha upalakSaNa mAtra hai| isase anya kA bhI Azraya lekara nahIM khar3e honA cAhie aisA sUcita hotA hai| 5. mAlA - pITha /Asana Adi ke Upara khar3e honA athavA sira ke Upara koI rajju vagairaha kA Azraya lekara athavA sira ke Upara jo kucha vahA~ ho, phira bhI kAyotsarga karanA vaha mAlAdoSa hai| 6. zabarabadhU - bhillanI ke samAna donoM jaMghAoM se jaMghAoM ko pIr3ita karake jo kAyotsarga se khar3e hote haiM unake yaha zabarabadhU nAma kA doSa hai| 7. nigar3a - ber3I se pIr3ita hue ke samAna pairoM meM bahuta sA antarAla karake jo 'kAyotsarga meM khar3e hote haiM unake nigar3a doSa hotA hai| 8. lambottara - nAbhi se Upara kA bhAga lambA karake kAyotsarga karanA athavA kAyotsarga meM sthita hokara zarIra ko adhika U~cA karanA yA adhika jhukAnA so lambottara doSa hai| 9. stanadRSTi - kAyotsarga meM sthita hokara jisakI dRSTi apane stanabhAga para rahatI hai usake stana dRSTi nAma kA doSa hotA hai| 10. vAyasa- kAyotsarga meM sthita hokara kauve ke samAna jo pArzvabhAga ko dekhate haiM unake vAyasa doSa hotA hai|

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198 11. khalIna - 12. yuga 13. kapittha - 29. grIvonnamana 30. praNamana 14. ziraH prakaMpita - kAyotsarga meM sthita hue jo zira ko kaMpAte haiM unake ziraH prakaMpita doSa hotA hai| - 15. mUkatva - 16. aMguli - 17. bhU vikAra - jo kAyotsarga se khar3e hue bhauhoM ko calAte haiM, yA pairoM kI aMguliyA~ nacAte haiM unake bhU vikAra doSa hotA hai| 18. vAruNIpAyI 19 se 28. dizA avalokana 31. niSThIvana - 32. aMgamarza - jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA lagAna se pIDita hue ghor3e ke samAna dAMta kaTakaTAte hue mastaka ko karake jo kAyotsarga karate haiM unake khalIna doSa hotA hai| - juA se pIr3ita hue baila ke samAna gardana pasAra kara jo kAyotsarga se sthita hote haiM unake yaha yuga nAma kA doSa hotA hai / - jo kapittha-kaitheM ke phala ke samAna muTThI ko karake kAyotsarga meM sthita hote haiM unake yaha kapittha doSa hotA hai / kAyotsarga meM sthita hokara jo mUka ke samAna mukhavihAra va nAka sikor3anA karate haiM unake mUkita nAma kA doSa hotA hai| jo kAyotsarga se sthita hokara aMguliyoM se gaNanA karate haiM unake doSa hotA hai| madirApAyI ke samAna jhUmate hue jo kAyotsarga karate haiM unake vAruNIpAyI doSa hotA hai| kAyotsarga se sthita hue dizAoM kA avalokana karanA / pUrva, pazcima, dakSiNa, uttara, Agneya, naiRtya, vAyavya, IzAna, Urdhva aura adhaH- ina daza dizAoM ke nimitta se daza doSa ho jAte haiN| ye dizAvalokana doSa haiN| kAyotsarga meM sthita hokara garadana ko adhika U~cI karanA yaha grIvA unnamana doSa hai| kAyotsarga meM sthita hue garadana ko adhika jhukAnA yA praNAma karanA yaha praNamana doSa hai| kAyotsarga meM sthita hokara khakhAranA, thUkanA yaha niSThIvana doSa hai| kAyotsarga meM sthita hue zarIra kA sparza karanA yaha aMgamarza doSa hai| kAyotsarga karate samaya ina battIsa doSoM kA parihAra karanA caahie| isa prakAra jaina zramaNa duHkhoM kA kSaya karane ke lie mAyA - prapaMca se rahita, vizeSatAoM se sahita, apanI zakti ke anurUpa aura apanI bAla, yuvA yA vRddhAvasthA tathA apane vIrya ke anurUpa evaM kAla ke anurUpa kAyotsarga ko karate haiM /

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199 SaDAvazyakopasaMhAra SaDAvazyakopasaMhAra : jo zramaNa ina Avazyaka kriyAoM ko karate hue punaH usa rUpa pariNata ho jAte haiM -nizcaya Avazyaka kriyA rUpa ho jAte haiM, ve nizcaya Avazyaka kriyAmaya kahalAte haiM, aura ve antarmuhurta meM mukti prApta kara sakate hai| tathA jo zramaNa inako karate hue bhI aticAroM se baca nahIM pAte haiM, ve inake prabhAva se kucha kAla taka svargoM va manuSya loka ke sukhoM ko prApta kara kramazaH mukta hote haiN| jo sampUrNa rUpa se nyUnatA rahita hai, jo mana-vacana-kAya se indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhane vAle haiM unake hI ye Avazyaka paripUrNa hote haiN| tathA jisane paripUrNa AvazyakoM kA pAlana kiyA hai, usa sAdhu ke hI mana-vacana-kAya pUrvaka indriyA~ vazIbhUta hotI hai jo ki SaDAvazyaka kA uddezya hai| ataH zramaNoM ko mana-vacana-kAya se zuddha hokara, dravya, kSetra Adi viSaya meM nirAkulacitta hokara nitya hI maunapUrvaka Avazyaka kriyAoM kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| isa prakAra SaDAvazyakoM ko ati utsAha se pAlA jAtA hai, jaise mayUra megha ke zabda ko sunakara nAcane lagatA hai vaise hI chaha AvazyakoM kA pAlaka bhI chaha AvazyakoM kI carcA-vArtA sunakara Anandita hotA hai| yadi koI unakI nindA karatA hai to gaMgA baharA jaisA ho jAtA hai, arthAta na to vaha svayaM chaha AvazyakoM kI nindA karatA hai, aura yadi dUsarA koI karatA hai to use sunatA bhI nahIM hai| SaDAvazyaka arthAt Atmika sthiratA kA prayatna, ataH zramaNa Atma caryA/carcA meM hI udyamavanta rahate haiN| nitya naimittika kriyAeM : AvazyakoM ke sampUrNa upAyoM meM sAvadhAna zramaNa kRtikarma kA kathana karane vAle zAstra tathA guru paramparA se prApta upadeza ke anusAra niyama se nitya aura naimittaka kriyAoM ko karate haiN| nitya naimittika kriyAoM kA eka pRthaka rUpa se adhyAya ke rUpa meM varNana anagAra-dharmAmRta meM kiyA hai| vaise abhI taka ke zramaNa- svarUpa vivecana nitya kriyA meM samAviSTa hai hI, tathApi use vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna AkarSita karane ke lie pRthaka rUpa se varNana kiyA hai| AzAdharajI ne anagAra dharmAmRta ke navama adhyAya ke prathama 44 zlokoM meM nitya kriyA ke prayoga kI vidhi batalAyI hai| zramaNa- sAdhanA meM anya bahuta kartavyoM ke sAtha svAdhyAya kA vizeSa mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| sAdhu ke pA~ca AcAroM meM prathama hI jJAnAcAra ko sthAna milA hai| svAdhyAya isI kA mUlabhUta aMga hai| ataH nitya- kriyA meM svAdhyAya para hI vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai, aura bArambAra svAdhyAya karane ko isakA niyatakAla bhI adhikAMza hI hai| ahorAtri svAdhyAya ke mAdhyama se hI vyatIta karane ko kahA gayA hai|

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA svAdhyAya ke sandarbha meM ye prazna ki kaba, kisa prakAra, prArambha aura samApta karanA cAhie ? svAdhyAya ke pratiSThApana aura niSThApana kI vidhi meM kahA hai ki, prabhAtakAla se do ghar3I vyatIta ho jAne para jaba tIsarI ghar3I lage to svAdhyAya prArambha karanA cAhie, aura madhyAhna kAla se do ghar3I pUrva samApta karanA caahie| isI taraha madhyAhnakAla se do ghar3I bItane para svAdhyAya prArambha kare aura dina kA anta hone meM do ghar3I zeSa rahane para samApta kare / pradoSa se do ghar3I bItane para prArambha karane aura arddha-rAtri meM do ghar3I zeSa rahane para samApta kare / tathA AdhI rAta se do ghar3I bItane para svAdhyAya prArambha kare aura rAtri bItane meM do ghar3I zeSa rahane para samApta kara deN| isa taraha svAdhyAya ke cAra kAla khe| jo ki gausargika, AparAnhika prAdoSika, aura vairAtrika athavA inheM paurvAnhika, aparAnhika, pUrvarAtrika, aura apararAtrika nAmoM se bhI jAnA jAtA hai / nidrA samApta kara uThane ke bAda sabase prathama apararAtrika svAdhyAya kA vidhAna hai| sAdhu laghu- zrutabhakti aura laghu-AcArya bhakti karake svAdhyAya kI pratiSThApanA karate haiM, punaH svAdhyAya karake laghuzrutabhakti ke dvArA niSThApana kara dete haiN| 200 sUtrAdi granthoM kA svAdhyAya dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI zuddhipUrvaka yathocita - kAla meM kiyA jAtA hai| yaha svAdhyAya vA~canA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, AmnAya aura dharmopadeza ke. dvArA kiyA jAtA hai jo ki zrutajJAna kA jJAnAcAra hai / apane zarIra meM jvara, Adi koI zArIrika vikAra ho, aisI sthiti meM svAdhyAya nahIM karanA caahie| 3. kAlazuddhi - 2. kSetrazuddhi - vyAkhyAna sthAna se cAroM dizAoM meM mAMsa, haDDI, rudhira Adi padArtha kama se kama battIsa dhanuSa dUra honA caahie| koI paMcendriya jIva pIr3A se dukhI ho, jIvoM kA ghAta ho rahA ho, vana meM Aga, dhuMA Adi uTha rahA ho to vAcanA/svAdhyAya nahIM karanA caahie| arhaMta, AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi ArAdhya janoM kA Agamana ho, eka yojana ke andara sanyAsa dhAraNa karane vAle kA mahAn upavAsa ho, tathA AcArya kA svargavAsa apane hI gA~va meM ho to sAta dina taka, yadi cAra koza ke bhItara ho to tIna dina taka, aura yadi kisI dUra kSetra meM ho to eka dina taka vAcanA/svAdhyAya nahIM karanA cAhie / yaza, pUjA, puraskAra vA pAritoSika kI icchA na rakhate hue ahaMkAra rahita aura zrutajJAna rUpI amRta ke Ananda meM magna buddhi kA honA zuddha hai| 4. bhAvazuddhi - 1. dravyazuddhi - uparyukta cAra prakAra kI zuddhiyoM pUrvaka "paryakAsana se baiThakara picchikA ke dvArA grantha, bhUmi Adi kA pratilekhana karake picchikA sahita aMjali joDakara praNAma karake sUtra aura

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AhAra caryA 201 artha meM upayoga sthira karate hue apanI zakti ke anusAra par3hanA caahie| pazcAt, pazcima rAtri meM rAtrika pratikramaNa karate haiN| punaH, rAtri yoga niSThApana karate haiN| pUrva rAtrika svAdhyAya ko visarjana karake madhya rAtri ke pahale kI do ghar3I aura pazcAt kI do ghar3I aise cAra ghar3I (1.30 ghaMTe) taka asvAdhyAya kAla meM zarIra ke zrama ko dUra karane ke lie nidrA karate haiN| isa prakAra zramaNa kI nitya ahorAtrika caryA vyatIta hotI naimittika kriyAe~ : naimittika kriyAvidhi meM bhakti pUrvaka aSTamI caturdazI, pAkSika pratikramaNa, apUrva caityavaMdanAdi, sanyAsavidhi, zruta-paMcamI aSTAhnikA mahotsava, varSAyogagrahaNa vIra nirvANa vidhi karate haiN| ina saba kriyAoM meM yathAyogya bhaktiyoM kA prayoga karate haiN| bhaktipATha ke binA koI kriyA sampanna nahIM hotI hai| nityanaimittika kriyAoM kA varNana mUlAcAra Adi granthoM meM prApta nahIM hotA hai| AzAdharajI ne hI inakA pRthakataH varNana kiyA hai| zAyada inake samaya taka zramaNa varga kAphI zithila ho cukA thaa| ataH unako vibhinna dhArmika AyojanoM meM lagAye rakhane ke uddezya se ina saba kA vizeSa varNana vibhinna pratibandhoM ko lagAkara kiyA, tAki zramaNa ina kAryoM meM hI lagA rahe, laukika kAryoM kI ora prerita na ho ske| AhAracaryA : kAyasthityarthamAhAraH kaayoshaanaarthmissyte| jJAnaM karmavinAzAya tannAze paramaM sukh|| arthAt AhAra se zarIra kI sthiti hotI hai, zarIra kI sthiti hone se jIva jJAna prApti kI icchA rakhatA hai, jJAna prApti se karmoM kA nAza hotA hai aura karmoM ke nAza se hI ananta avicala AtmIya sukha prApta hotA hai| ataH AhAra ko grahaNa kara munigaNoM ko bhI zarIra kI sthiti kAyama rakhanI par3atI hai| yadyapi jaina zramaNa AhAra grahaNa karate haiM, parantu vahA~ para bhI unakA mUla uddezya anazanAdi antaraMga-vahiraMga dvAdazavidha tapoM ko puSTa karanA hotA hai| isI kAraNa zramaNa kI AhAracaryA meM usakI vizuddhatA kA vizeSa mahatva hai| pratyeka vyakti kA AhAra, usakA prakAra evaM uddezya Adi vibhinna dRSTikoNa usa vyakti ke AcAra-vicAra- vyavahAra Adi usake vyaktitva ke vibhinna pakSoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai| eka lokokti hai ki "jaisA khAye anna vaisA hove mana" parantu yathArtha to yaha hai ki "jaisA hove mana, vaisA khAve anna" arthAt pratyeka vyakti apane AcaraNagata mAnasikatA

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202 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA ke AdhAra para hI apane AhAra kA cayana karatA hai| hiMsaka vicAradhArA vAlA vyakti, abhakSya zarAba, mAMsa Adi ko pasanda karatA hai, tathA ahiMsaka vicAradhArA vAlA vyakti samucita ahiMsaka bhojana ko hI pasanda kregaa| isI kAraNa zramaNAcAra viSayaka sampUrNa sAhitya meM AhAracaryA ke viSaya meM sarvAMgINa cintana dekhane ko milatA hai, aura usake pratipAdana kA mUla uddezya AhAra viveka kI sUkSmatA ko vizleSita karanA hotA hai| zramaNa ke mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM ke bIca bhikSA-caryA ko mUla-yoga kahA gayA hai|103 yaha AhAra viveka samagra sAdhanA kA eka pradhAna aMga hai, jisakI upekSA karake sAdhanA ke kSetra meM niraticArataH Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA hai| isI kAraNa AhAra grahaNa kI niraticArataH Age mahattA ko pratiSThita karane ke lie AcArya jinasena ne Adi purANa meM kahA ki bhagavAna zrI RSabhadeva ne yaticaryA arthAt AhAra grahaNa vidhi kA jJAna samasta janatA ko karAne ke lie aura apane zarIra kI sthiti ke lie nirdoSa AhAra kI gaveSaNA karane kI buddhi huyii| RSabhadeva ne apane sahadIkSita zramaNoM ke sambandha meM socA ki, ye cAra hajAra rAjA loga kevala eka AhAra ke binA cAritra mArga se bhraSTa ho gaye, kyoMki inako yaticaryA kA jJAna nahIM thAH usake binA kSudhA ke dussaha parISaha ko jItane meM asamartha hokara mArga se bhraSTa ho gye| ataH kAya kI sthiti ke lie AhAra grahaNa kI caryA prakAzita honI cAhie evaM saMyama patha ko pUrNa karane ke lie ziSyoM ko zarIra kI sthiti banAye rakhanA caahie| aisA nizcaya kara RSabhadeva ne yoga samApta kara caryA ke lie vihAra kiyaa| prANoM kI rakSA yA niyamita dhAraNA ke lie AhAra grahaNa karanA hI caahie| isa prakAra RSabhadeva ne vidhi mArga btlaayaa| AcAra-viSayaka grantha ke Adi-praNetA AcArya vaTTakera ne apane mUlAcAra grantha ke "piNDazuddhi" nAma chaThaveM adhikAra meM AhAra caryA kA spaSTa svatantra evaM sUkSma vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| aura sAtha hI prasaMgAnusAra yatra-tatra AhAra-zuddhi kA samucita pratipAdana evaM AhAra viveka ke viSaya meM satata sajaga bane rahane ko bhI kahA hai| kAraNa ki, jo zramaNa manamAne sthAna para zuddhAzuddha ke viveka se rahita, cAhe jaisA upalabdha AhAra tathA upadhi Adi ko zodhana kiye binA grahaNa kara letA hai, vaha zrAmaNya se rahita saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAlA hai|104 cirakAla se dIkSita zramaNa bhI yadi AhAra zuddhi kA dhyAna nahIM rkhtaa| taba usa tapa, saMyama aura cAritrahIna zramaNa kI Avazyaka kriyAeM bhI kaise zuddha raha sakatI haiM 2105 aisA zramaNa to loka meM mUla sthAna ( gRhasthabhAva) ko prApta zrAmaNyatuccha kahalAtA hai|106 __AhAra ke lie "piNDa" zabda kA tathA AhArazuddhi ke lie "piNDazuddhi" kA prayoga adhikAMzataH jaina sAhitya meM dekhane ko milatA hai| piNDa zabda "piDi saMghAte" dhAtu se banA hai| sAmAnya anvartha kI dRSTi se sajAtIya yA vijAtIya Thosa vastuoM ke yoga ko piNDa kahate haiN| kintu zramaNAcAra ke prasaMga meM azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya ina cAroM prakAra ke

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AhAra caryA 203 AhAra ko "piNDa" zabda se kahA gayA hai|107 AcArya vaTTakera ne "piNDazuddhi" kA "AhAra zuddhi" artha kiyA hai|108 AhAra : svarUpa evaM bheda : AhAra zabda "A" upasargapUrvaka "ha haraNe" dhAtu se ghaj pratyaya pUrvaka banA hai jisakA artha, lAnA, le AnA yA nikaTa lAnA hai tathA vAmana zivarAma ApTe ne apane "saMskRta hindI koSa" meM isakA artha "bhojana karanA" bhI kiyA hai| ataH yahA~ to AhAra kA sAmAnya artha bhojana se hI iSTa hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne AhAra zabda kI vyAkhyA meM kahA ki tIna (audArika, vaikriyaka aura AhAraka) aura chaha paryAptiyoM (AhAra, zarIra, indriya, jJAnaprANa, bhASA aura mana ) ke yogya pudgala vargaNAoM ke grahaNa karane ko "AhAra" kahate haiN|109 vastutaH zarIra ko ratnatrayarUpI dharma kA vyavahAra se AdhAra kahA hai| ataH AhAra-pAna Adi ke dvArA isa zarIra kI sthiti banAye rakhane ke lie isa prakAra kA vyavahAra karanA cAhie, jisase indriyAM vaza meM raheM aura anAdi kAla se sambaddha tRSNA ke vazIbhUta hokara ve kumArga kI ora na le jaaveN| 10 saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke jIvana kA AdhAra AhAra bhI hai phira cAhe vaha kisI bhI rUpa meM hI kyoM na kahA jAve, sabhI prANI apanI-apanI zArIrika sthiti va sAmarthya ke anusAra hI AhAra grahaNa karate haiN| AhAra saMjJA (abhilApA) ke cAra kAraNa gommaTasAra meM kahe haiM-(1) AhAra ke dekhane se, (2) usakI tarapha mana lagAne se (3) peTa ke khAlI hone se, (4) asAtA vedanIya karma kI udaya, evaM udIraNA hone se AhAra grahaNa prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai|111 eSaNIya AhAra grahaNa ke mArgoM kI carcA prasaMga meM tIna prakAra ke bhAva AhAra batAye 1. oja AhAra - janma ke pUrva mAtA ke garbha meM sarvaprathama gRhIta AhAra jo mAtra zarIra piNDa dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| 2. roma AhAra - jo tvacA yA romakUpa dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jaise havA aadi| 3. prakSepa ( prakSipta) AhAra - jo mukha jihvAdi dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai|112 mUlAcAra tathA anya AcAra zAstra ke prAyaH sabhI jaina granthoM meM AhAra ke cAra bheda kiye haiM-(1) azana, (2) pAna, (3) khAdya, (4) svaady| inameM jo bhUkha ko miTAtA hai vaha azana hai jaise annaadik| jo dasa prakAra ke prANoM para upakAra karatA hai, unheM jIvana detA hai vaha pAna yA peya hai jaise jala, dUdha aadi| jo rasa pUrvaka khAyA jAtA hai khAdya yA khAdima hai jaise miSThAnna phlaadik| tathA jo AsvAdayukta hotA hai vaha svAdya hai jaise loMga, ilAyacI aadi|

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA mUlAcAra meM isa vibhAjana ko paryAyArthika naya kI saMjJA dete hue kahA hai ki, yoM to AhAra ke uparyukta cAra bheda haiM; kintu dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se sabhI AhAra azana haiM, sabhI AhAra pAna hai, sabhI khAdya aura sabhI svAdya haiN| 113 204 sUtra kRtAMga niryukti ( zve. ) kA vibhAjana AhAragrahaNa ke mArgoM para AdhArita hai| kintu vRhatkalpabhApya (zve. ) meM anna ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa tIna bheda batAye gaye haiN| inameM jaghanya anna ke antargata AhAra ke tIna bheda haiN| 114 (1 ) annAhAra-gehU~, canA Adi (2) prAntAhAra-svabhAvataH rasahIna, niH satvadravya, aura rukSAhAra- pUrNataH sneha vihIna AhAra / pramukha granthoM ke AdhAra para sabhI prakAra ke AhAra mukhyataH cAra prakAra se vibhakta haiM (1 ) karmAhArAdi (2) khAdyAdi ( 3 ) kAMjI Adi aura (4) paankaadi| ina cAroM ke antargata kina-kina AhAroM ko antarbhUta kiyA jA sakatA hai unheM nimnalikhita vibhAjana evaM cArTa ke mAdhyama se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| 15 - karmAhArAdi (1) karmAhAra no karmAhAra kavalAhAra lepyAhAra ojAhAra mAnasAhAra khAdyAdi (2) azana pAna bhakSya yA khAdya lehya svAdya AhAra : kAMjI Adi (3) kAMjI AMvalI yA Acamla velaDI ekalaTAnA pAnakAdi (4) svaccha vahala levala alevaDa sasiktha asiktha AhAra grahaNa kA prayojana "yadyapi muniyoM ke bAhya kriyA se to prayojana nahIM hai, aura aTThAisa mUlaguNa grahaNa kiyA hai, usameM to aticAra nahIM lagAte haiM, aura taduparAnta bhI kriyA grahaNa karate haiM, vaha upayoga lagane ke anusAra karate haiN| ataH yadi ve bhojana karake zarIra ko prabala huA jAne, to aisA vicAra karate haiM ki, yadi zarIra prabala hogA to pramAda utpanna karegA / ataH eka do dina bhojana kA tyAga hI karanA ucita hai| aura yadi bhojana ke tyAga se zarIra ko kSINa huA jAne to aisA vicAra karate haiM ki, yadi yaha zarIra zithila hogA to pariNAmoM ko zithila karegA aura jaba pariNAma zithila hoMge to dhyAna- adhyayana nahIM sdhegaa| isa zarIra se merA koI baira to hai nahIM, yadi baira ho to usakA zoSaNa hI karate raheM / parantu muniyoM ko

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AhAra caryA 205 zarIra se rAgadvepa kA to abhAva hai, ataH jisameM muniyoM kA dhyAna-adhyayana sadhe vahI ve karate haiN|116 uparyukta uddharaNa se isa bhrAnti kA kAphI nirAkaraNa hotA hai ki jaina zramaNa zarIra kA zoSaNa karate haiM, zarIra ko kRza karane kA bhAva to dveSa mUlaka hai, ataH anazanAdika vRttiyoM se AtmotthAna hI mukhya hotA hai| AhAra grahaNa karate samaya yahI vicAra pramukha hotA hai ki, isase zarIra sthira rahegA, jisase ki hama tapazcaraNa Adi karake Atmahita ke sAtha sadupadezAdi ke dvArA dUsaroM kA bhI hita kara skeNge| itane para bhI ve svAbhimAnI zramaNa apane zarIrakRta paravazatA para AhAra mAtra ke grahaNa karane para bhI lajjA anubhava karate hai|117 AcArya vaTTakera ke anusAra bala, Ayu, zarIra, teja ina sabako vRddhi aura svAda ke uddezya se zramaNa AhAra nahIM krte118| apitu ve jJAna, saMyama, aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA ke nimitta AhAra grahaNa karate haiN|119 ataH unakA ThaNDA, garama, skhA, sUkhA, cikanA athavA vikAra rahita, namaka rahita yA namaka sahita bhojana ke prati AsvAdabhAva hotA hai120 kyoMki ve guNaratnoM ko Dhone vAlI zarIrarUpI gAr3I ke lie samAdhi nagara kI ora le jAne kI icchA rakhane vAle hone se, jaTharAgni kA dAha zamana karane ke nimitta auSadhi kI taraha yA gAr3I meM A~gana dene kI taraha anna Adi AhAra ko binA svAda ke grahaNa karate haiN|121 uttarAdhyayana (zve. ) meM kahA hai ki bhikSA jIvI muni saMyamita jIvana kI yAtrA ke lie AhAra kI gaveSaNA kare, kintu rasoM meM mUrcchita na hove| 22 bhagavatI sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki, prAsuka AhAra karatA huA sAdhu Ayukarma ko choDakara zeSa sAta karmoM ke bandhanoM ko DhIlA karatA hai| ataH unakA AhAra niravadya evaM saMyama ko puSTa karane vAlA hai| 23 isI kAraNa jJAtAdharmakathA meM kahA ki zramaNa zarIra ke dvArA jJAnadarzana caritra kA parivahana karane evaM mokSa prApti ke lie hI AhAra grahaNa karate haiM, na ki zarIra ko puSTa karane ke lie hI AhAra grahaNa karate haiN|124 niSkarSa rUpa meM samyagdarzana jJAna cAritra rUpa ratnatraya dharma isa dehAlaya meM hI hotA hai| ataH use bhojana-pAna Adika ke dvArA sthita rakhanA par3atA hai| parantu isa dizA meM pravRtti vahIM taka hI zreyaskara hai, jahA~ taka ki indriyA~ apane AdhIna rheN| rayaNasAra ke anusAra jo sAdhu jJAna aura saMyama kI vRddhi ke lie tathA dhyAna aura adhyayana ke nimitta yathAlAbha bhojana grahaNa karatA hai vaha sAdhu mokSamArga meM rata hai| 25

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA - AhAra kA grahaNa- tyAga * AcArya vaTTakera AhAra grahaNa ke chaH kAraNa batalAte haiN| ( 1 ) vedanA ( kSudhAzAnti ) ( 2 ) vaiyAvRtya ( 3 ) kriyArtha ( SaDAvazyakAdi kriyAoM kA pAlana ) ( 4 ) saMyamArtha (5) prANacintA (prANoM kI rakSA) tathA (6) dharmacintA 126 ina chaha kAraNoM ke lie jo yati azana, khAdya, lehya aura peya-ye cAra prakAra ke AhAra grahaNa karatA hai vaha cAritra dharma kA pAlaka 1 206 AhAra tyAga ke bhI chaha kAraNa haiM- (1) AtaMka (Akasmika vyAdhi jvara Adi hone) (2 ) upasarga (3 ) brahmacarya gupti kI titikSA (surakSA) ( 4 ) prANidayA ( 5 ) tapa tathA ( 6 ) zarIra parityAga 127 ina chaha kAraNoM meM se kisI eka ke bhI upasthita hone para vaha AhAra kA tyAga bhI karatA hai to vaha dharmopArjana hI hai| 128 vasunandi ne kahA hai ki AhAra - tyAga ke kAraNa upasthita hone para bhale hI kSudhA vedanAdi AhAra grahaNa ke kAraNa upasthita hoM to bhI AhAra tyAga kara denA caahie| 128 AhAra grahaNa aura tyAga ke uparyukta chaha-chaha kAraNoM kA ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnAMga tathA uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI samAna hI hai| AhAra grahaNa ke tRtIyakAraNa "kriyArtha" (kiriyAgae) ke sthAna para sthAnAMga tathA uttarAdhyayana meM IryAsamiti ke zodhana ke lie ( iriyaTThAe ) pATha milatA hai| tathA AhAra tyAga ke antima kAraNa "zarIra tyAga" ke lie AhAra kA vyuccheda ke sthAna para "zarIra viccheda ke lie" ( sarIra vroccheyaNa TThAe ) pATha milatA hai| 130 bhikSAcaryA ke nAma : sAmAnyataH bhikSA tIna prakAra hote haiM - dInavRtti, pauruSaghnI aura sarva saMpatkarI / anAtha, dInahIna evaM apaMga vyaktiyoM dvArA majabUrIvaza mA~gakara udarapUrti karane ko dInavRtti kahA jAtA hai| parizramI vyakti bhI yadi bhikSA se udarapUrti karane laga jAe to vaha pauruSanI bhikSA hai| saMyama ke dhAraka vyakti dvArA ahiMsA mahAvrata ke vizuddha pAlana evaM saMyama yAtrA ke nirvighna nirvAha ke uddezya se sahaja prApta AhAra bhrAmarI Adi vRttiyoM ke dvArA grahaNa karanA sarva saMpatkarI bhikSA hai| prastuta prasaMga meM sarva-saMpatkarI arthAt zramaNa bhikSA-caryA hI yahA~ pratipAdya viSaya hai| zramaNoM kI bhikSAvRtti ke nimna ullekha milate haiN| udarAgniprazamana, akSaprekSaNa, gocarI, zvabhrapUraNa yA garta pUraNa, bhrAmarI yA madhukarI vRtti / anagAra - dharmAmRta meM bhikSAzuddhi ke varNana prasaMga meM ye pA~ca bhikSAvRtti ke nAma batalAye haiN| 132 131

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AhAra caryA 207 1. udarAgni prazamana bhikSAvRtti - isakA artha hai ki jitane AhAra se udara kI kSudhAgni zAnta ho utanA hI AhAra grahaNa krnaa| zarIra ko tapazcaraNAdi ke yogya banAye rakhane ke uddezya se kSudhArUpI agni ko zAnta karane ke lie AhAra grahaNa karanA evaM usameM acche-bure kA svAda kA prayojana nahIM hai|133 akSaprekSaNa - jaise bailagAr3I Adi vAhanoM ko sugamatA se calAne ke lie usa gAr3I kI dhurI para telAdi lagAyA jAtA hai| usI prakAra muni isa zarIra ko Atmasiddhi rUpa dharma kA sAdhana karane ke uddezya se prANa dhAraNa ke nimitta AhAra grahaNa karate haiN| kyoMki dharma sAdhana ke lie prANa aura mokSa prApti ke nimitta dharma dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai|134 zAntyAcArya ne bhI kahA hai ki jaise gAr3I ke pahie ke dhurI ko bhAra-vAhana kI dRSTi se tela Adi snigdha padArtha lagAyA jAtA hai| vaise hI guNabhAra vahana kI dRSTi se brahmacArI AhAra kare, zarIra ko poSaNa de|135 gocarI - jaise gAya kI dRSTi AbhUSaNoM se susajjita sundara yuvati ke zrRMgAra para nahIM, apitu usake dvArA lAyI gayI ghAsa para hI rahatI hai, vaise hI sAdhu ko bhI dAtA tathA usake veza evaM bhikSAsthala kI sajAvaTa Adi ke prati yA AhAra ke rUkhe-cikanepana Adi para dhyAna diye binA yA una sabakI apekSA kiye binA AhAra-grahaNa karanA gocarI yA gaveSaNAAhAra vRtti hai| 36 dazavakAlika kI jinadAsa kRta cUrNi meM bhI gocarI/AhAra vRtti ke viSaya meM isI prakAra ke udAharaNa dekhane ko milatA hai "jaise eka yuvA vaNik strI sundara vastrAdika se alaMkRta ho govatsa ko AhAra detI hai| kintu vaha govatsa usake hAtha se usa AhAra ko grahaNa karatA huA bhI usa strI ke raMga- rUpa, AbharaNAdi ke zabda, gaMdha aura sparza meM mUrcchita nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra sAdhu bhI viSayAdi zabdoM meM amUchita rahatA huA AhArAdi kI gavepaNA meM pravRtta hotA hai|137 zve. sAdhu zrI haribhadra ne gocara zabda kA artha "gAya kI taraha caranA-bhikSATana karanA kiyA hai| jaise gAya acchI-barI ghAsa kA bheda kiye binA caratI hai| vaise hI sAdha ko uttama, madhyama aura adhama kula kA bheda na karate hue tathA priya-apriya AhAra meM rAga-dveSa na karate hue bhikSATana karanA caahie|138 zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI anya AcAryoM ne bhI kahA hai ki gocara kA artha hai bhramaNa; jisa prakAra gAya zabdAdi viSayoM meM gaddha nahIM hotI huryA AhAra grahaNa karatI hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI viSayoM meM Asakta na hote hue udgama-utpAdana aura epaNA ke doSoM se rahita bhikSA ke lie bhramaNa karate haiN|139 isa taraha kI gocara AhAra vRtti ko gocarI kahate haiN|

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208 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 2. zvabhra pUraNa sarasa-nIrasa Adi rUpa AhAra se isa peTa rUpI gaDhDhe ko bhara lenA zvabhrapUraNa AhAra vidhi hai| ise garta pUraNa AhAra vidhi bhI kahate haiN|140 3. bhrAmarI - jaise bhramara, binA mlAna kiye hI druma puSpoM meM yaha nizcita kiye binA ki maiM amuka puSpa kA hI pAna karU~gA, vaha kisI bhI druma puSpa se thoDA rasa pIkara apane ko tRpta kara letA hai vaise hI zramaNa bhojana vRtti meM yaha niyata nahIM karatA ki maiM amuka vastu kA AhAra grahaNa kruuNgaa|atH AhAradAtA para bhAra rUpa bAdhA pahu~cAye binA kuzalatA se bhramara kI taraha nirdoSa AhAra grahaNa karanA hI bhrAmarI vRtti hai| 41 yathArthataH bhramara avadhajIvI hotA hai| vaha apane jIvana nirvAha ke lie kisI prakAra kA samArambha, upamardana yA hanana nahIM krtaa| vaise hI zramaNa sAdhaka bhI avadhajIvI hai-kisI taraha kA pacana-pAcana aura upamardana nahIM karatA, bhramara puSpoM se svabhAva siddha rasa grahaNa karatA hai| usI prakAra zramaNa, sAdhaka gRhastha ke gharoM se jahA~ AhAra jala Adi svAbhAvika rUpa se banate haiM, vahIM prAsuka AhAra grahaNa karatA hai tathA jaise madhukara utanA hI rasa grahaNa karatA hai, jitanA ki udarapUrti ke lie Avazyaka hotA hai, vaise hI zramaNa jIvana-nirvAha ke lie Avazyaka utanA hI AhAra grahaNa kareM jitanA ki use Avazyaka ho| AvazyakatA se adhika AhAra na leveN| isa prakAra zramaNa ko bhrAmarI vRtti se AhAra-grahaNa kI bAta kahakara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki, ahiMsAtmaka ArAdhanA karane vAlA zramaNa apane zArIrika sthiti ke lie bhI kiMcita hiMsA na kare, vaha alpAhAra le, saMyama aura tapomaya jIvana vyatIta kre| zramaNoM ke pariNAma sudhAra kA hI nirantara prayatna hotA hai| jisa kriyA meM rAga-dveSa na ho usI kriyA rUpa ve pravartana karate haiN| AhAra kA samaya : sUryodaya ke tIna ghar3I bAda aura sUryAsta ke tIna ghar3I zeSa rahane para arthAt sUryAsta hone se tIna ghaDI pUrva taka kA kAla zramaNa ke AhAra- grahaNa kA samaya mAnA gayA hai| AhAra ke isa kAla meM eka muhurta meM AhAra grahaNa utkRSTa kAla yA utkRSTa AcaraNa mAnA gayA hai| do muhurta meM madhyama kAla yA madhyama AcaraNa tathA tIna muhurta meM AhAra grahaNa jaghanya AcaraNa kahA gayA hai| yaha kAla kA parimANa siddha bhakti karane ke anantara AhAra grahaNa karane kA hai na ki AhAra ke lie bhramaNa karate hue vidhi na milane ke pahale kA bhii| arthAt yadi sAdhu AhAra hetu bhramaNa kara rahe haiM usa samaya kA kAla isameM zAmila nahIM

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AhAra caryA 209 hai| eka bhakta mUlaguNa ke antargata isI vidhAna kI carcA karate hue bhojana grahaNa kA samaya dina kA madhyAhna mAnA hai| mUlAcAra- vRtti meM batAyA hai ki sUryodaya kI do ghar3I nikalane para Avazyaka kriyAeM tathA svAdhyAya Adi karane ke pazcAt madhyAhnakAla kI devavandanA kare, tatpazcAt bAlakoM ke bhare peTa se tathA anya liMgiyoM se bhikSA kA samaya jJAta kara le aura gRhasthoM ke gharoM se jaba dhuMA Adi nikalanA banda ho jAe, tathA mUsala Adi ke zabda zAnta ho jAeM, taba gocarI ke lie praveza karanA caahie|144 bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA hai ki tIna prakAra ke AhArakAla ke viSaya meM tIna dRSTiyoM se vicAra karanA cAhie-bhikSA kAla, bubhukSA kAla aura avagraha kaal| isakA vivecana karate hue kahA ki 1. bhikSAkAla - amuka mAsoM meM grAma nagara Adi meM amuka samaya bhojana banatA hai, athavA amuka kAla yA amuka muhalle kA amuka samaya bhojana kA hai, isa prakAra icchA ke pramANa Adi se bhikSA kA kAla jAnanA caahie| 2. bubhukSAkAla - merI bhUkha Aja manda hai yA tIvra hai isa prakAra apane zarIra kI sthiti kI parIkSA karanI caahie| 3. avagrahakAla - ____ maiMne pahale yaha niyama liyA thA ki, isa prakAra kA AhAra meM nahIM lU~gA aura Aja merA yaha niyama hai| isa prakAra vicAra karanA caahie|145 zvetAmbara paramparA ke uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM svAdhyAya, dhyAna, bhikSAcaryA ko uttaraguNa kahA hai|146 tathA isake pAlana kI dinacaryA cAra kAla vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| tadanusAra zramaNa ko prathama prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya karanA caahie| isake anusAra zramaNa ke bhikSA kA samaya tRtIya prahara mAnA hai| parantu sabhI pakSoM se vicAra karane para mUlAcAra meM kathita AhAra kA samaya sarvAdhika upayukta hai| pUrva meM ahiMsA mahAvrata kI bhAvanA meM "AlokitapAna bhojana" ke antargata yaha kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa dina ke prakAza meM hI eka bAra AhAra grahaNa karate haiN| dazAzruta skandha (zve) ke anusAra jo bhikSu sUryodaya aura sUryAsta ke prati zaMkA meM par3akara AhAra-grahaNa karate haiM, unako rAtri bhojana grahaNa kA doSa lagatA hai|147 dazavaikAlika meM kahA hai ki sUryAsta se lekara punaH jaba taka sUrya pUrva meM na nikala Ae, taba taka saba prakAra ke AhAra

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210 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA kI mana meM bhI icchA na kre| 148 rAtri bhojana se pA~ca mahAvrata bhaMga hote haiM aura aSTa pravacanamAtA ke pAlana meM malinatA AtI hai| yadi muni rAtri meM AhArArtha nikale hoM, to gRhasthoM yA kisI ke bhI mana meM yaha zaMkA utpanna hotI hai ki muni veza meM yaha koI cora ho sakatA hai| isake alAvA vipatti ke bhI bahuta prasaMga Ate haiN| ataH mahAvratoM kI rakSA, aSTa pravacanamAtA tathA mahAvratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAoM ke paripAlana hetu rAtri bhojana kA tyAga to prAraMbhika kartavya hai| 149 ataH bhikSAgamana ke yogya kAla ko choDakara anya samaya yA vikAla meM AhArArtha nikalanA niSiddha hai / dazavaikAlika meM yaha bhI kahA hai ki bhikSA kA kAla hone para bhI yadi varSA ho rahI ho, kuharA phailA ho, A~dhI cala rahI ho, bhramara kITa Adi tiryanca jIva chA rahe hoM, taba zramaNa ko bhikSA ke lie nahIM jAnA caahie| 150 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zramaNa ke AhAra gamana kAla meM bhI atyanta viveka kA darzana hotA hai jo ki zramaNa kI ahiMsaka vRtti ko siddha karatA hai / AhArArtha gamanavidhi : zramaNa kA AhAra ke samaya para jitanA viveka apekSita hai utanA hI usake lie viveka pUrvaka gamana bhI apekSita hotA hai| vidhipUrvaka kiyA gayA kArya hI phalIbhUta hotA hai| ataH mUlAcArakAra ne AhArArtha gamana karane vAle zramaNa ko ina pA~ca tathyoM kI rakSA karane ke lie nirdezita kiyA hai: 1. jinazAsana kI rakSA evaM usakI AjJA kA pAlana / 2. svecchAvRtti kA tyAga / 3. 4. 5. samyaktvAnukUla AcaraNa ratnatraya svarUpa AtmA kI rkssaa| sayama rakSA / ina pA~coM meM se kisI meM bhI kiMcit doSa kA prasaMga Ae, yA bAdhA kI sambhAvanA ho to zramaNa ko tatkAla AhAra kA tyAga kara denA caahie| 151 bhikSAcaryA meM praviSTa hue zramaNa manogupti vacana gupti aura kAyagupti rUpa trigupti, mUlaguNa, uttaraguNa, zIla, saMyama Adi kI rakSA karate hue tathA zarIra se vairAgya, parigraha se vairAgya aura saMsAra se vairAgya kA vicAra karate hue vicaraNa kreN| 152 mUlAcAra - vRtti meM AhArArtha gamana vidhi batalAte hue kahA ki, sUryodaya kI jaba do ghar3I bIta jAve taba devavandanA karane ke pazcAt zrutabhakti evaM gurubhakti pUrvaka svAdhyAya ko grahaNa karake siddhAnta Adi kI vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, parivartana Adi kare, jaba madhyAhna kAla hone meM do ghar3I samaya zeSa rahe taba Adara ke sAtha siddhabhakti pUrvaka svAdhyAya ko samApta kare / vasatikA se dUra jAkara samiti pUrvaka malamUtrAdi bAdhA dUra kre| taba zarIra ko pUrvApara dekhakara hAtha-paira Adi kA prakSAlana karake, kamaNDalu aura picchi kA grahaNa karake madhyAhna kAla kI devavandanA kare / tatpazcAt yogya samaya jAnakara AhArArtha praveza karanA caahie| 153 zramaNa- caryA meM gocarI ke pUrva

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AhAra caryA 211 siddha bhakti karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, na ki arahaMta AcArya Adi kI bhakti, kyoMki ye AhArI haiN| svayaM nirAhArI banane ke lie, parantu majabUrIvaza AhArArtha gamana karate vakta nirAhArI siddha ko smaraNa kara cintana karate haiM ki aho! maiM bhI kaba Apa jaisA nirAhArI bnuuNgaa| AhArArtha-gamana yaha merI bahuta kamajorI va paravazatA hai, aura maiM etadartha lajjA kA bhI anubhava kara rahA huuN| vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA hai ki bhikSA aura bhUkha ke samaya ko jAnakara avagraha arthAt AhAra ke lie vidhi hetu saMkalpa kI pratijJA grahaNa karake IryA- samiti pUrvaka grAma, nagara Adi meM zramaNa ko praveza karanA caahie| vahA~ apanA Agamana batAne ke lie yAcanA yA avyakta zabda na kreN| vidyutavad apanA zarIra mAtra dikhalA deN| mujhe kauna nirdoSa bhikSA degA aisA bhAva na kreN| apitu jIva-jantu rahita, dUsare ke dvArA roka-Toka se rahita, pavitra sthAna meM gRhastha drArA paDagAhanA (prArthanA ) kiye jAne para tthhre| dvAra para sAMkala lagI ho yA kapATa banda ho to unheM na khole| bAlaka, bachar3A, meMr3hA aura kutte ko lA~ghakara na jaaveN| jisa bhUmi meM puSpa, phala aura bIja phaileM hoM usa para se na jaave| tatkAla lIpI gayI bhUmi para na jAve jisa ghara meM anya bhikSArthI bhikSA ke lie khar3e hoM usa ghara meM praveza na kreN| jisa ghara ke kuTumba ghabarAye hoM, jinake mukha para viSAda aura dInatA ho vahA~ na tthhreN| bhikSAdAna bhUmi se Age na jaaveN| gocarI ko jAte hue na to atizIghra cale na ati dhIre-dhIre cale aura na ruka-ruka kara hI, nirdhana aura amIra ke ghara kA vicAra na kreN| mArga meM na ThahareM, na vArtAlApa kareM, ha~sI Adi na kre| nIca kuloM meM praveza na kreN| zuddha kuloM meM bhI yadi sUtaka Adi doSa ho to vahA~ na jaave| dvArapAla Adi roke to na jaave| jahA~ taka anya bhikSATana karane vAle jAte hoM vahIM taka jaave| jahA~ virodha ke nimitta ho vahA~ na jaave| duSTajana, gadhA, bhaisa, baila, sarpa Adi se dUra se hI baca kara jaaveN| madonmatta janoM se dUra rhe| snAna vilepana maNDana aura ratikrIDA meM Asakta striyoM ko na dekhe, evaM dharma kArya ke alAvA kisI ke bhI ghara na jaave|154 saMkalpa pUrvaka gamana kA vidhAna : mUlAcArakAra ne vRtti parisaMkhyAna nAmaka caturthabAhya tapa ke prasaMga meM kahA hai ki zramaNa ko bhikSA se sambaddha kucha saMkalpa yA abhigraha lekara AhArArtha gamana karanA cAhie jaise: (1) dAtA saMkalpa ___ arthAt yadi vRddha javAna Adi saMkalpAnusAra dAtA vizeSa hI merA pratigraha karegA tabhI usake yahA~ skU~gA anyathA nhiiN|

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212 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA (2) gocara pramANa - isake antargata gharoM ke pramANa kA saMkalpa lekara nikalane kA vidhAna hai| (3) bhojana saMkalpa - kA~se, pItala Adi dhAtu yA miTTI ke pAtra vizeSa se bhikSA degA to svIkAra karU~gA anyathA nhiiN| (4) azana saMkalpa - cAvala Adi vividha prakAra ke anna meM se saMkalpita anna yA bhojya padArtha vizeSa milegA to AhAra grahaNa karaMgA, anyathA nhiiN| isI prakAra aura bhI aneka prakAra ke saMkalpa lekara AhArArtha gamana karanA caahie|155 bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI vividha prakAra ke saMkalpa lekara AhArArthagamana karane kA ullekha hai|156 jaise : (1) gatvA pratyAgatA - jisa mArga se pahale gayA usI se lauTate hue yadi bhikSA milegI to grahaNa karU~gA anyathA nhiiN| (2) ajuvIthi - sIdhe mArga se bhikSA milI to grahaNa karU~gA anyathA nhiiN| (3) gomUtrikA - gAya yA baila ke rAste meM calate-calate mUtra-tyAga karane se jaise balakhAte hue AkAra banatA jAtA hai vaise hI bA~e pArzva se dA~e pArzva ke ghara aura daoNe se bA~ye pArzva jAte hue ghara meM bhikSA milI to grahaNa karU~gA anyathA nhiiN| (4) pellaviyaM (peThA) - vastra suvarNa Adi rakhane ke lie bA~sa ke patte Adi se jo sandUka banatA hai, jisa para DhakanA bhI ho, usake samAna caukora bhramaNa karate hue bhikSA milI to grahaNa karamA anyathA nhiiN|

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AhAra caryA (5) zabaMkAvarta - zaMkha ke AvartoM ke samAna gA~va ke andara AvartAkAra bhramaNa karake bAhara kI ora bhramaNa karate hue bhikSA milI to grahaNa karU~gA anyathA nhiiN| (6) pataMga vIthI - pataMgoM kI paMkti se aniyama krama se bhramaNa yA ur3ane ke samAna bhramaNa karate hue bhikSA milI to grahaNa kregaa| (7) goyariyA - gocarI nAmaka bhikSA ke anusAra bhramaNa karate hue bhikSA lenaa| (8) pATaka - isI pATaka yA muhalle meM bhramaNa karate hue bhikSA milegI to grahaNa kruuNgaa| isa prakAra eka pATaka, do pATaka meM hI praveza kruuNgaa| (9) niyaMsaNa - amuka ghara ke parikara se lagI huyI bhUmi meM bhikSA milI to svIkArU~gA, ghara meM praveza nahIM kruuNgaa| kucha granthakAroM kA kathana hai ki pATaka kI bhUmi meM hI praveza karU~gA, gharoM meM nahIM, isa saMkalpa ko pATaka-nivasana kahate haiN| (10) bhikSA parimANa - eka yA do bAra meM parose gaye bhojana ko grahaNa kruuNgaa| (11) dAtR grAsa parimANa - eka yA do dAtA ke hI dvArA dene para bhikSA grahaNa kregaa| (12) piNDaiSaNA - piNDarUpa bhojana hI grahaNa kruuNgaa| (13) pAnaiSaNA - jo bahuta drava hone se pIne yogya hogA vahIM grahaNa kruuNgaa| isI prakAra yavAgu, puggalayA ( canA, masUra Adi dhAnya) saMsRSTazAka, kulmASa Adi se milA huA, phalihA-madhya meM bhAta aura usake cAroM aura zAka rakhA ho vaisA AhAra, parikhA-madhya meM anna tathA isake cAroM ora vyaMjana rakhA ho to taisA AhAra,

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA puSposahita - vyaMjanoM ke madhya puSpAvalI ke samAna cAvala rakhA ho, zuddha gopAhita - zuddha arthAt binA kucha milAye anna se apahita arthAt mile hue zAka vyaMjana Adi / lepakRta - jisake hAtha lipta ho jAe, alepakRta- jisake hAtha lipta na ho / pAnaka-siktha rahita aura siktha sahita (pAnaka) aisA bhojana milegA to grahaNa kruuNgaa| isa prakAra ke saMkalpa pUrvaka AhArArtha gamana karanA cAhie / 214 157 isI prakAra pAtra, dAtA Adi aneka prakAra ke saMkalpa apanI zakti ke anusAra grahaNa karake AhArArtha gamana karanA caahie| saMkalpoM ke pUrNa hone para yadi bhikSAlAbha hotA hai to prasannatA nahI aura bhikSA na milane para duHkhI nahIM honA caahie| kyoMki bhramaNa to sukha-duHkha donoM meM AkulatA rahita madhyastha rahatA hai / vaha bhikSA lAbha ke lie kisI sadgRhastha kI prazaMsA yA unase yAcanA nahIM karatA hai / zramaNa bhikSAcaryA ke lie nikale, parantu apanA Agamana sUcita karane ke lie aspaSTa zabdAdi ke saMketa nahIM karatA, apita bijalI kI camaka ke sadRza apanA zarIra mAtra dikhA denA hI paryApta mAnatA hai / ' jisa zrAvaka ke yahA~ zramaNa ko AhAra kI vidhi milatI hai ve picchi aura kamaNDalu ko vAmahasta meM eka sAtha dhAraNa karate haiM aura dakSiNa kandhe para paMcAguli mukulita dAhinA hAtha rakhakara AhAra svIkRti vyakta karate haiN| 158 zrAvaka jaba dekhatA hai ki munirAja ke saMkalpAnusAra AhAra-vidhi usake yahA~ mila gayI hai; taba vahA~ sthita munirAja ko tIna bAra parikramA detA hai taba manaH zuddhi, vacana zuddhi, kAya (AhAra) zuddhi kahakara unheM AhArArtha ghara meM praveza ke lie Agraha karatA hai| sacitta, taMga, gande va andhakAra yukta sthAna meM bhramaNa praveza nahIM karate, kyoMki saMyama virAdhanA kI AzaMkA rahatI hai| AhAra grahaNa ke yogya ghara : zramaNa kA AhAra kAla evaM gamana vidhi kA jaise vidhAna hai usI taraha yogya ghara meM AhAra grahaNa kA bhI vidhAna hai| AdipurANa meM kahA hai ki sAdhu jana ko yogya kAla meM bhikSA lenI aura ghara kI paMkti ko nahIM ullaMghanI cAhie 159 / sIdhI paMkti se tIna athavA sAta ghara se AyA huA prAsuka odana Adi ko Acinna " anAcIrNa" arthAta agrAhya batAyA hai| 160 kyoMki isameM IryApatha zuddhi nahIM rahatI / saMdeha yukta sthAna kA prAsuka - aprAsuka kI AzaMkA tathA sUtrayukta ( zAslokta ) yA sUtra pratikUla tathA pratiSiddha, zramaNoM ke uddezya se banAyA gayA evaM kharIdA gayA AhAra agrAhya hai| 161 bhikSA ke lie muni mauna - pUrvaka ajJAta - anujJAta arthAt paricita aparicita, nimna, ucca tathA madhyama kuloM kI paMkti meM nikalate haiN| tathA bhikSA grahaNa karate haiN| 102 vasunandi ke anusAra vahA~ nimna ( nIca) ucca aura madhyama kuloM kA artha daridra, dhanI, evaM madhyama gRhasthoM ke gharoM kI paMkti meM samAna rUpa se bhikSArtha bhramaNa karanA kiyA hai| 63 62

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AhAra caryA 215 Niccuccamajjhima kulesu - vaTTakera ke isI kathana ke samAna bhAva ke rUpa meM bhagavatIArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM "jyeSTha-alpa-madhyamAni samamevATet" arthAt baDe-choTe aura madhyama kuloM meM eka samAna bhramaNa kare-artha kiyA hai|164 dazavaikAlika cUrNi meM sambandhiyoM ke samavAya yA ghara ko kula kahA gayA hai|165 prAsAda, havelI, Adi vizAlabhavana dravya se uccakula tathA jAti, dhana vidyA Adi samRdra janoM ke bhavana bhAva se uccakula kahalAte haiN| isI taraha tRNa, kuTI, jhopaDI Adi dravya se nimna yA kavaca ( nimna) kula kahalAte haiN|166 vastutaH AhArArtha praveza ke viSaya meM bhojya-abhojya gharoM kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| kyoMki abhojya ghara meM praveza ko AhAra kA eka antarAya mAnA gayA hai| abhojya ghara se tAtparya hiMsAjIvI, patita, vrata vihIna, saMskAra vihIna tathA niMdita ghara Adi samajhanA caahie| vijayodayA meM daridrakuloM meM aura AcArahIna sampanna kuloM meM praveza kA niSedha kiyA hai|168 kAraNa ki, daridra kula meM usa ghara ke vyaktiyoM ko svayaM apane udarapUrti kI samasyA rahatI hai, taba ve muni ko navadhA- bhakti se AhAra karAne meM kaise samartha hoMge ? isI prakAra jisa ghara meM nAcanA gAnA hotA ho, jhaMDiyA~ lagI hoM, evaM zarAbI, vezyA, loka meM nindita kula yajJazAlA, dAnazAlA, vivAhavAlA ghara tathA jina gRhoM meM jAne kI manAI ho, aura dvArapAlAdika ho, Age rakSaka khaDA ho evaM saba koI na jA sakatA ho aise jagahoM meM na jaae| isI prakAra jo strI bAlaka ko dUdha pilAtI ho yA garbhiNI ho, rogI, ativRddha, bAlaka, pAgala, pizAca, mUDha, andhA, gUMgA, durbala, Darapoka, zaMkAlu atinikaTavartI, dUravartI manuSya ke dvArA jisane lajjA se apanA mukha phera liyA ho, yA mukha para dhUMghaTa DAlA hai aisI strI ke dvArA, jisakA paira jUte meM rakhA ho, yA jo UMce sthAna para khaDA ho, aise vyaktiyoM ke dvArA AhAra grahaNa na kre|169 AhAra yogya ghara meM bhI eka sAtha aneka sAdhuoM ke AhAra kI vyavasthA kA svarUpa batalAte hue AcArya amitagati apane yogasAra meM kahate haiM ki - piNDaH pANigato'nyasmai dAtuM yogyo na yujyte| dIyate cenna bhoktavyaM bhuDakle cecchedabhAgyatiH / / 8/64 / / arthAt dete samaya gRhastha ko cAhie ki vaha jisa muni ko dene ke lie hAtha meM AhAra le use usI muni ko de anya muni ko nhiiN| yadi kadAcit anya ko bhI de diyA to muni ko khAnA na cAhie kyoMki yadi muni use khA legA to vaha cheda prAyazcita kA bhAgI ginA jaayegaa| isa sambandha meM AcArya raviSeNa . padmapurANa meM kahate hai ki "bhikSAM paragRhe labdhAM

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216 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA nirdoSAM maunamAsthitaH ( 4/96 ) arthAt sAdhu bhikSA ke lie dUsare ke ghara para hI (zrAvakoM ke) jAkara nirdoSa AhAra ko maunapUrvaka grahaNa kre| zvetAmbara paramparA meM yadyapi nindita kula, aprItikara kula tathA gRha svAmI dvArA niSiddha ghara meM bhikSArtha praveza kA niSedha hai|170 jugupsanIya kula se bhikSA grahaNa karane vAle ko prAyazcitta kA bhAgI mAnA hai||| jaise, rAjA antaH pura aura ArakSikoM Adi ke usa sthAna kA muni dUra se hI varjana kare, jahA~ jAne se unheM saMkleza utpanna ho|172 AhAra zuddhi jaina zramaNa kI nirdoSa AhAra vidhi nirdoSa zrAmaNya kI zobhA hai| usake vrata, zIla, guNa Adi zramaNadharma ke sabhI AdhArabhUta guNoM kI pratiSThA bhikSAcaryA kI vizuddhatA para hI nirbhara hai|173 jo vacana zuddhi evaM manazuddhi pUrvaka bhikSAcaryA karatA hai use jinazAsana meM susthita sAdhu kahA hai|174 aise sAdhu dUsare ke ghara meM, navakoTi Adi se vizuddha AhAra, apane pANipAtra meM, zrAvaka Adi dUsare ke dvArA diyA huA grahaNa karate haiN|175 navakoTi arthAt mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRta-kArita-anumodanA se parizuddha AhAra1176 zvetAmbaroM ke sthAnAMga sUtra meM nava koTiyoM kA ullekha isa prakAra diyA hai| AhAra ke lie zramaNa svayaM jIva vadha na kare, na dUsaroM se karavAe na karane vAle kI anumodanA hI kre| na mola le, na livAe, aura na hI lene vAloM kI anumodanA hI kare, evaM bhojana na pakAe na pakavAe aura na hI pakAne vAloM kI anumodanA hI kre|177 jaina zramaNa kI bhikSA zaddhi ke sandarbha meM digambara evaM zvetAmbara AmnAyoM meM bhI kahIMkahIM to kAphI samAnatA hai| parantu kahIM-kahIM zvetAmbarIya AgamoM evaM zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM zramaNa kI bhikSA para paryApta zithilatA evaM bhraSTatA parilakSita hotI hai| yahA~ donoM sampradAyoM kI AhAra zuddhi para kramazaH vicAra karate haiN| digambara AmnAya meM AhAra kI zuddhatA ke sambandha meM kahA ki "vizuddha AhAra, zaMkita, mRkSita Adi dasa doSa se rahita nakha, roma, jantu arthAt prANarahita zarIra, haDDI, kaNa arthAt jau Adi kA bAhya avayava, zAlya Adi ke Abhyantara bhAga kA sUkSma avayava, pIva, carma, rudhira, mA~sa, bIja, phala, kaMda aura mUla caudahoM maloM se rahita honA caahie|178 AhAra grahaNa ke samaya inake nikala Ane para tatkAla sarva AhAra ke tyAgapUrvaka prAyazcita kiyA jAtA hai|179 tathA rudhira pIva evaM kahIM para bhI mA~sa dikha bhI jAe to AhAra choDanA hotA hai| AcArya vaTTakera ne batalAyA ki muni ke jJAna, saMyama, aura dhyAna kI siddhi tathA yAtrA sAdhana mAtra ke lie navakoTi se zuddha bhojana, jo ki 46 dopoM se rahita, saMyojanA se hIna, aMgAra aura dhUma dopa se rahita chaha kAraNoM se sahita,

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AhAra caryA 217 krama se vizuddha aura pramANa sahita vidhi pUrvaka diyA jAtA hai|180 pramANa kA abhiprAya yahA~ para bhojana ke pramANa se hai| digambara paramparA meM zramaNa kA adhikatama AhAra kA pramANa 32 grAsa mAnA gayA hai| jo ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI mAnya hai| dekheM : "kukkuDi aMDayamettA kavalA battIsa bhoyaNa prmaanne| rAeNA sAyaMto saMgAraM karaI sa carittaM181 / / arthAt kukaDI pakSI (murgI) ke aNDe ke barAbara pramANa vAle 32 grAsa (kaura) zramaNa ke bhojana kA pramANa hai| pramANa se adhika bhojana karane se pracura IMdhana vAle vana meM utpanna huyI dAvAgni kI taraha indriyA~ zAnta nahIM hotI hai|182 aura yadi isase kama bhojana kare to guNa hotA hai| donoM mukhya sampradAyoM ke mUlaguNoM meM "eka bhakta" arthAt eka bAra bhojana karane kA vidhAna hai| digambara AmnAya meM adyAvadhi akhaMDa rUpa se pratyeka sthiti meM ise svIkRta kiye rakhA hai| parantu zvetAmbara AmnAya isa guNa ko nahIM nibhA sakI, tabhI to zvetAmbara ke ati AdaraNIya grantha kalpasUtra kI TIkA meM isa prakAra kA zithila svarUpa dekhane ko milatA hai ki "sAdhuoM ne hamezA eka-eka bAra AhAra kara vo kalpe paNa AcArya Adika tathA vaiyAbaccha karanArane ve bAra paNa AhAra levo klpe| arthAt eka bAra bhojana-jo te vaiyAvaccha Adika na karI zake to te ve bAra paNa AhAra kre| kema ke tapasyAM karatAM paNa vaiyAvaccha utkRSNa ch|"183 arthAt sAdhuoM ko sadA eka bAra AhAra karanA yogya hai, kintu AcArya Adika tathA dUsare kisI rogI sAdhu kI vaiyAvRtya (sevA) karane vAle ko do bAra bhI dina meM AhAra karanA yogya hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki eka bAra bhojana karane se jo vaiyAvatya Adika na kara sake to vaha do bAra AhAra kre| kAraNa ki tapasyA karane se bhI bar3hakara vaiyAvRtya hai| uparyukta kathana pUrvApara viruddha hai kyoMki sAdhuoM ko unake choTe aparAdhoM ko prAyazcita dene vAle AcArya svayaM do bAra bhojana kareM aura anya muniyoM ko eka bAra hI bhojana mile yaha nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai| tathA kisI zramaNa kI sevA karane vAlA sAdhu isa kAraNa eka bAra bhojana karane ke niyama ko tor3akara dina meM do bAra AhAra kare ki tapa karane se vaiyAvRtya utkRpTa hai| isa taraha to zramaNoM ko tapasyA tyAga kara vaiyAvRtya hI karanA cAhie, kyoMki bhojana bhI do bAra evaM phala bhI tapasyA se dugunaa| isa taraha to zithilAcAra hI protsAhita hogaa| isI sandarbha meM isI grantha meM Age likhA hai ki

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218 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA "valI jyAM sudhI dADhI muMchanA vAloM na AvyA hoya arthAt bAlaka evAM sAdhu-sAdhaviyoM ne ve bAra paNa AhAra kara vo klpe| teyAM doSa nthii| mATe evIrIte AcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, glAna ane bAlaka sAdhu ne ve bAra paNa AhAra karavo klpe|"184 arthAt - jaba taka dAr3hI mUchoM ke bAla na Aye hoM, arthAt sAdhu- sAdhvI ko do bAra bhI AhAra karanA yogya hai| usameM doSa nahIM hai| ataeva AcArya, upAdhyAya,rogI sAdhu aura bAlaka sAdhu-sAdhvI ko do bAra bhI AhAra karanA yogya hai| do bAra AhAra grahaNa vidhAna ke alAvA zvetAmbara paramparA AhAra kI zuddhatA ko zramaNottama mahAvIra ke sAtha bhI nahIM nibhA skii| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra bhI "kabhI vAsI anna mila jAtA to khA lete, aura vaha bhI do dina, tIna dina, cAra dina, pA~ca dina meM eka baar| ve apane AhAra ke lie na svayaM pApa karate na dUsaroM se karAte, aura na hI karane vAloM kI anumodanA hI krte|185 yahA~ para mahAvIra ne "bAsI" bhojana sambandhI ullekha se spaSTa hai ki, zvetAmbara samudAya ne AhAra caryA meM bhI paryApta suvidhAyeM pradAna karane kI koziza kI, jisase isa sampradAya meM zithilAcAra ko protsAhana milaa| "bAsI" bhojana "calita" arthAt abhakSya hone se zramaNa ke lie sarvathA tyAjya hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa prakAra ke paryApta ullekha milate haiM evaM inake mAnya Agama granthoM meM bhI AhAra kI azuddhatA ke paryApta uddharaNa prApta hai| zvetAmbara zramaNa kI AhAragata zithilatA kA pradhAna kAraNa unake dvArA kathita mahAvIra ke bhI mAMsAhAra kA bhakSaNa hai yaha eka akATya niyama hai ki jisakA Adarza hI patha- bhraSTa ho mAMsa bhakSI ho, cAhe vaha kinhIM bhI paristhitiyoM meM kiyA gayA ho, to usake anuyAyiyoM dvArA isa prakAra kI pravRtti na honA eka asambhava Azcarya hI hogaa| zvetAmbara AgamoM ne hI jaba mahAvIra ko paristhiti vaza mAMsAhArI batalAyA to AgamoM meM kisI na kisI prakAra se mA~sAhAra kA vivecana bhI huA evaM unake paravartI TIkAkAroM, vyAkhyAkAroM ne unakA samarthana hI kiyaa| vartamAna kAlika kucha vidvAna unakA vanaspatiparaka artha kareM yA anya spa se una kathanoM kA prativAda kareM, lekina usa sampradAya kI pUrva kI una mAnyatAoM ko to kisI bhI prakAra se AvRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| digambara sampradAya meM mahAvIra ko sarvathA mAMsa - madhu Adi se dUra khaa| isI kAraNa se digambaroM dvArA mAnya kisI bhI grantha meM kisI bhI pratyakSa-parokSa rUpa se mAMsAhAra sthAna na prApta kara skaa| isa prasaMga meM zvetAmbaroM ke mAnya AgamoM ke pariprekSya meM evaM vibhinna vidvAnoM, TIkAkAroM ke dvArA-mAMsAhAra sambandhI-pakSa-vipakSoM para anuzIlana yogya hai|

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AhAra caryA 219 kalpasUtra saMskRta TIkA pR. 177 meM "yadyapi madhumadyamAMsavarjanaMyAvajjIvaM astyeva tathA atyantApavAdaHdazAyAM bAhyaparibhogAdyartha kadAcid grahaNe'pi caturmAsyAM sarvathA niSedhaH" isakI gujarAtI TIkA186 jisakA anuvAda hai-madhu ( zahada) mAMsa aura makkhana jo ki sAdhuoM ko Ajanma tyAga karane yogya hai, phira bhI atyanta apavAda kI dazA meM zarIra ke bAharI upayoga ke lie kisI samaya grahaNa karanA ho to kare varanA cAturmAsa meM to unakA niSedha hI hai| AcArAMga satra meM187 saMti-tatthegatiyassa bhikkhussa pure saMdhuyA vA pacchA saMdhuyA vA parivasaMti, telaM vAM mahuM vA, majjaM vA mAMsa vA piMDavAyaM paDigAhettA AhAraM aaherejjaa| isakI gujarAtI TIkA nimnataH hai "koI gAmamAM muninA pUrva paricita tathA pazcAtparicita sagAvavAlA rahetAhoya, jevA ke gRhastho, gRhastha bAnuo, gRhastha putro, gRhastha putrio, gRhastha putrabadhuo, dAio, dAsa, dAsIo, ane cAkaro ke cAkaraDIo, tevA gAmamA jatAM jo te muni evo vicAra kare ki hu~ eka bAra vadhathI pahelA mArA sagAomAM bhikSArthe jaiza, ane tyAM mane, anna, pAna, dUdha, dahi, mAkhaNa, ghI, tela, madhu, madya, mAMsa, tilapApaDI, gola kulaMpANI, buMdI ke zrIkhaMDa mlshe| te hUM sarvazrI pahelA khAI pAtro sApha karI pachI bIjA muniA sAthe gRhasthanA ghare bhikSA levA jaiza, to te muni doSapAtra thAya ke mATe munie ema nahiM karavU, kiMtu bIjA munio sAthe bakhatasara judA judA kulomAM bhikSA nimitte jaI karI bhAgamA male lo nirdUSaNa AhAra laI vaaprvo| Upara ke uddharaNa kA bhAva hai ki muni kisI gA~va meM jisameM usake kisI sambandhI Adi kA ghara ho, jAte samaya yadi aisA vicAra kare ki maiM isa bAra sabase pahale apane sage sambandhiyoM meM bhikSA ke lie jAU~gA, aura vahA~ mujhe annapAna, dUdha dahI, makkhana, ghI, guNa, tela, madhu, madya, mA~sa Adi milegA use maiM sabase pahale khAkara apane pAtra sApha karake pazcAt phira anya muniyoM ke sAtha gRhastha ke ghara bhikSA lene jAU~gA, yadi aisA vaha muni karatA hai to vaha doSI hai| isalie muniyoM ko aisA nahIM karanA caahie|kintu aura muniyoM ke sAtha samaya para alaga-alaga kuloM meM bhikSA ke lie jAkara milA huA nirdUSaNa AhAra lenA caahie|" yahA~ para nirdUSaNa zabda mUlasUtra meM nahIM hai apitu gujarAtI TIkAkAra kA hai| evaM TIkAkAra ne kahIM madhu, mAMsa, madirA Adi abhakSya, niMdyapadArthoM ke khAne kA niSedha bhI nahIM kiyA hai| isake atirikta isI grantha ke 175 pRSThapara madhumAMsa ke sambandha meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki "bakhate koI atipramAdAdi gRddha hovAthI madyamAMsa paNa khAnA cAhe mATe te lIdhA

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220 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA che ema TIkAkAra (saMskRta TIkAkAra zIlAcArya) lakhe che|" arthAt kisI samaya koI sAdhu ati prabhAvI aura lolupI hokara madya, mAMsa bhI khAnA cAhe usake lie yaha ullekha hai / isI prakAra isI saMskaraNa meM : -- " se bhikkhuvA Ava samANe sejjaM puvvaM jAThojjA maMsaM vA macchaM vA majjijjamANaM pahae tellapUyayaM vA AesAe ulakkhaDijjamANaM pehAeNo khaMda khaMdaNo uvasaMkamittu omAsejjA / Nannattha gilA nnnniisaae| 188 isakI isa saMskaraNa meM gujarAtI TIkA, munie mAMsa ke matsya muMjAtA joI athavA paroNAnA mATe pUroo telamA talAtI jAdU tenA sArU gRhastha pAle utAvalA dauDI te cIjoM mAMgatI nhiiN| agara mAMgagI mAgavanAra muninA sArUM khapatI hoya to baat|" arthAt muni kisI manuSya ko mAMsa yA machalI khAtA huA dekhakara yA mehamAna ke lie tela meM talatI huyI pUDiyA~ dekhakara unako lene ke lie jaldI-jaldI dauDakara una cIjoM ko bhoge nhiiN| yadi kisI rogI muni ke lie una cIjoM kI AvazyakatA ho to anya bAta hai| parantu paravartI anya prakAzakoM ke sampAdakoM ne isa prakaraNa meM apanI tarapha se zabda saMyojana kara artha kiyA hai| yahIM para Agama prakAzana samiti vyAbara saMskaraNa san 1980 kI prati meM nimnataH artha hai / "gRhastha ke ghara meM sAdhu yA sAdhvI ke praveza karane para use yaha jJAta ho jAe ki vahA~ apane kisI atithi ke lie mAMsa yA matsya bhUnA jA rahA hai, tathA tela ke pue banAye jA rahe haiM, ise dekhakara vaha atizIghratA se pAsa meM jAkara yAcanA na kre| rugNa sAdhu ke lie atyAvazyaka ho to kisI pathyAnukUla sAtvika AhAra kI yAcanA kara sakatA hai| " yahA~ para "pathyAnukUla sAtvika AhAra" meM sAtvika zabda joDA gayA hai, kyoMki mUla grantha meM kathita AhAroM meM asAtvika AhAra bhI hai| unako bhI grahaNa kA kathana hai parantu ina sampAdaka ne usako chipAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prasiddha vartamAna zvetAmbara sampradAya ke vidvAna zrI dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne bhI apratyakSa rUpa meM aise AhAra ko bhI svIkRta kiyA hai- "jaina bhikSu ke lie yaha sAmAnya niyama hai ki azana, pAna, khAdima evaM svAdima choTe-baDe jIvoM se yukta ho, kAI vyApta ho, gehU~ Adi ke dAnoM se sahita ho, harI vanaspati Adi se mizrita ho, ThaMDe pAnI se bhigoyA huA ho, jIva yukta ho, rajavAlA ho, use bhikSu svIkAra na kreN| kadAcit asAvadhAnI se aisA bhojana A bhI jAe to usameM se jIva jaMtu Adi nikAlakara viveka pUrvaka usakA upayoga kreN| 89

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AhAra caryA 221 yahA~ para zvetAmbara sampradAya meM zramaNoM ke bhojana meM kAraNavaza A paDe jIva jaMtu ko haTAkara usa hI bhojana ko svIkRta kara liyA hai parantu digambara sampradAya meM aisI dazA zramaNa ke lie antarAya hotI hai, aura ve bhojana ko tyAga kara prAyazcitta lete haiM jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA thaa| AcArAMga sUtra meM 10 veM adhyAya ke 10 veM uddezya meM "se bhikkhU vA sejja puNa jANejjA, bahuaDiThyaM maMsaMvA macchavA, bahukaTaMga-------ityAdi kA prAcIna AcAryoM vidvAnoM ne to mA~saparaka artha kiyA hai, parantu abhI kucha varSoM se vyAkhyAkAra vanaspatiparaka artha karane lage haiN| isI prakAra dazavakAlika meM bahu aThThiyaM puggalaM aNimisaM va bahukaMTayaM / acchiyaM tiduyaM billaM ucchukhNddcsiNvti| ina gAthAoM meM pUrvavat hI sthiti hai| zvetAmbara sammata ina AgamoM ke vyAkhyAkAroM ko dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaise vedoM meM bhagavAna RSabha se sambandhita prazaMsAtmaka lekha dekhakara pazcAtvartI vidvAnoM ne to una lekhoM ko hI ur3A diyA, yA unakA artha ve apane hI zaMkara Adi bhagavAnoM meM samAyojita karane lge| ToDaramala ke mokSamArga prakAzaka meM jo veda sambandhI uddharaNa diye haiM, ve vartamAna kAlIna saMskaraNoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milate haiN| isI prakAra zvetAmbarIya AgamoM meM pUrva ke sabhI madhya AcArya una mA~sa paraka zabdoM kA artha mA~sa paraka hI karate rahe lekina jaba abhI bIsavIM sadI meM kAphI par3hA jAne evaM jana-sAmAnya ke hAthoM meM bhI jAne lagA taba isa tarka pradhAna yuga meM una AgamoM ko prasArita karane ke uddezya se unakA artha badalakara kucha apane zabda saMyojita kara Agama prakAzita kiye jAne lge| ina zve. AgamoM ke pUrvApara saMskaraNoM para eka vyApaka anuzIlana kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| astu| yApanIya sampradAya ke AcArya aparAjita sUri ne sarvathA tyAjya dUSita AhAra ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki, mA~sa, madhu, makkhana, binA kaTA phala, mUla, patra, aMkula, kanda tathA ina sabase chuA huA bhojana grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| isa gandha se vikRta durgandhita, puSpita, purAnA, jIva-jantu yukta bhojana na to kisI ko denA cAhie, na svayaM khAnA cAhie aura na hI chUnA caahie| TUTe yA phUTe hue karachue Adi se diyA huA AhAra grahaNa na kreN| kapAla, jUThe, pAtra, kamala tathA kele Adi ke pattoM meM rakhA huA AhAra bhI grahaNa na kreN| 90 isa prakAra zramaNa sabhI doSoM se rahita vizuddha AhAra grahaNa kreN|

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222 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA jala grahaNa ke viSaya meM uSNa evaM prAsuka jala kA prayoga zramaNa ke lie vihita hai| dazavakAlika meM "tattaphAsuya" (tapta prAsuka) tapta arthAt paryApta mAtrA meM ubalA hone para jo prAsuka ho vaise uSNAdika ke prayoga kA vidhAna milatA hai| tathA antarikSa meM aura jalAzaya, ole, barasAta ke jala aura hima se sevana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|191 mUlAcAra meM bhI sacitta jala ke aneka prakAroM kA ullekha hai|192 uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai ki- anAcAra se ghRNA karane vAlA lajjAvAn saMyamI pyAsa se pIDita hone para sacitta jala kA sevana na kare kintu prAsuka pAnI kI gaveSaNA kre| nirjana mArga se jAtA huA muni tIvra pyAsa se vyAkula ho jAe tathA muMha sUkhane lage to bhI dInatA rahita hokara kaSTa sahana kre|193 isa taraha zramaNa ko prAsuka jala ke prayoga kA viveka AvazyakIya kartavya hai| AhAra kI zuddhatA kA sambandha eSaNA samiti se hai| ataH AhAra ke anveSaNa, grahaNa aura upabhoga meM saMyama dharma pUrvaka sAvadhAnI Avazyaka hai| eSaNA tIna taraha kI hotI hai gaveSaNA - arthAt solaha udgama aura solaha utpAdana doSoM ke zodhana pUrvaka zuddha AhAra kI zodha krnaa| grahaNeSaNA - eSaNA ke zaMkita Adi dasa doSoM ke zodhanapUrvaka AhAra lenaa| paribhogeSaNa - (grAroSaNA) saMyojanA, pramANAtikrAnta, aMgAra, tathA dhUma- ina cAra doSoM ko TAlakara bhojana karanA caahie|194 AcArya vaTTakera ne spaSTa kahA hai ki jisa dravya se jIva nikala gaye hoM vaha prAsuka hai| kintu yadi vaha dravya zramaNa ke lie banAyA gayA ho to vaha zuddha hote hue bhI azuddha hai| kAraNa, ki jaise machaliyoM ke lie jala meM mAdaka vastu DAlane para usase machaliyA~ hI vihvala hotI haiM, meMDhaka nahIMisI prakAra dUsare ke lie banAye gaye bhojana Adi meM se grahaNa karate hue bhI muni vizuddha rahate haiN| arthAt muni adhaHkarma Adi doSa se dUSita nahIM hote|195 kintu jinakI pravRtti zuddha AhAra ke anveSaNa kI ora hai, unako yadi kadAcit azuddha adhaHkarma yukta AhAra grahaNa ho jAtA hai to vaha AhAra bhI unake lie zuddha hai|196 kintu jina sAdhuoM kI pravRtti adhaHkarma kI ora hai, ve yadi prAsuka dravya ke grahaNa meM azuddha bhAva karate haiM, to ve karmabandha ke bhAgI haiN| khaDe hokara maunapUrvaka vIrAsana se tapa, dhyAna Adi karane vAlA zramaNa bhI yadi adhaHkarmayukta AhAra meM pravRtta hotA hai to usake sabhI yoga, vana, zUnyaghara, parvata kI guphA, tathA vRkSamUla-inameM nivAsa Adi saba vyartha hai|197 tathA yadi siMha vyAghrAdi, eka, do, yA tIna mRgoM ko khAne para "nIca" kahalAte haiM

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AhAra caryA 223 to adhaH karmayukta AhAra meM jIvarAzi khAne vAle zramaNa bhI nIca kyoM nahIM kahalAyeMge ? 198 AhAra meM sabhI doSoM se jyAdA doSa adhaH karma kA hotA hai| jo mahAdoSa kahalAtA hai / isameM kUTanA, pIsanA, rasoI karanA, pAnI bharanA, evaM jhADU lagAnA hai, aise paMcasUnA nAma ke Arambha se SaTkAyika jIvoM kI virAdhanA hone se yaha doSa gRhasthAzrita hai| 199 parantu ina donoM meM yadi sAdhu laga jAtA hai to vaha bhI mUlasthAna ( gRhasthAdazA) ko prApta hotA hai / yaha doSa 46 doSoM se atirikta mahAdoSa mUlAcAra meM kahA hai| gaveSaNA meM udgama aura utpAdana ke 16 doSa nimna haiM udgama ke 16 bheda nimnataH haiM 1. audezika - 2. adhyadhi - 3. pUtikarmadoSa - 4. mizradoSa - 5. sthApita 6. balidoSa 7. prAvartita 8. prAviSkaraNa - 9. krItitara 10. prAmuSya - 11. parivarta 12. abhighaTa - udbhinna 14. mAlArohaNa - 13, - 15. achedya * 16. anIzArtha - sAdhu pAkhaMDI Adi ke nimitta se banA huA AhAra grahaNa karanA uddezya hai / AhArArtha sAdhuoM ko Ate dekhakara pakate hue cAvala Adi meM aura adhika cAvalAdi milAnA / prAsu tathA aprAsuka ko mizra kara denA / asaMyatoM ke sAtha sAdhu kA AhAra denA / apane ghara meM yA anyatra kahIM sthApita kiyA huA bhojana denA / yakSa devatA Adi ke lie bane hue meM se avaziSTa ko denA / kI vRddhi yA hAni karake AhAra denA / AhArArtha sAdhu ke Ane para khir3akI Adi kholanA yA bartana Adi sApha karanA / usI samaya vastu kharIda kara lAnA / RNa lekara AhAra lAkara denA / dhAna, ghI, Adi dekara badale meM anya dhAnya Adi lekara AhAra banAnA / paMktibaddha sAta ghara se atirikta anya sthAna se annAdi lAkara muni ko denA / bartana ke Dhakkana Adi ko kholakara arthAt sIla, muhara, capar3I Adi haTAkara vastu nikAla kara denA / sIr3hI, nasenI se car3hakara vastu lAkara denA / yaha vasatikA kA doSa bhI hai, jahA~ sIDhI caDhakara jAne vAlI dUsarI-tIsarI maMjila para rahane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai | 200 rAjA, samAja Adi ke bhaya se AhAra denA / apradhAna dAtAroM se diyA huA, AhAra lenA /

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224 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA uparyukta 16 bhojana ke udgama ke doSa zrAvaka ke Azrita hote haiM, para yadi zramaNa ko jJAta hone para ve isa prakAra kA AhAra nahIM lete haiN| inake bahuta se doSa to anumAnAzrita hai evaM kucha avadhijJAnI hI jAna sakate hai| parantu jJAta hone para AhAra grahaNa nahIM kreNge| utpAdana ke 16 bheda 1. dhAtrI doSa - dhAya ke samAna bAlakoM ko bhUSita karanA, khilAnA, pilAnA, Adi karanA jisase dAtAra prasanna hokara acchA AhAra deveM, yaha muni kA dhAtrI doSa hai| 2. dUtadoSa - dUta ke samAna kisI kA samAcAra anya grAmAdi meM pahuMcA kara AhAra lenaa| 3. nimitta doSa - svara, vyaMjana, Adi nimitta jJAna se zrAkkoM ko hAni lAbha batAkara khuza karake AhAra lenA 4. AjIvakA doSa-apanI jAti kula yA kalA yogyatA, IzvaratA Adi batAkara dAtAra ko apanI tarapha AkarSita kara AhAra lenA AjIvaka doSa hai| 5. vanIpaka doSa -kuttA, kRpaNa, atithi, brAhmaNa, pAkhaNDI, zramaNa (AjIvaka) aura kauvA inako dAna Adi karane se puNya hai yA nahIM-aisA pU~chane para puNya hai aisA bolanA vanopaka vacana hai| 6. cikitsA doSa - auSadhi Adi batalAkara dAtAra ko khuza karake AhAra lenaa| 7. krodha doSa- krodha karake AhAra utpAdana karAkara grahaNa krnaa| 8. mAna doSa - mAna karake AhAra utpAdana karA kara lenaa| 9. mAyA doSa - kuTila bhAva se AhAra utpAdana karA kara lenaa| 10. lobha doSa - lobhAkAMkSA dikhAkara AhAra karAkara lenaa| 11. pUrva saMstuti doSa - prathama dAtAra kI prazaMsA karake AhAra utpAdana karA kara lenaa| 12. pazcAt stuti doSa - AhAra ke bAda dAtAra kI prazaMsA krnaa| 13. vidyA doSa - dAtAra ko vidyA kA pralobhana dekara AhAra lenaa| 14. maMtra doSa - maMtra kA mAhAtmya batAkara AhAra grahaNa krnaa| 15. cUrNa doSa - netroM ke lie aMjana cUrNa aura zarIra ko bhUSita karane vAle bhaSma ye cUrNa hai| ina cUrgoM se AhAra utpanna karAnA, ataH yaha cUrNa doSa hai| 16. bhUlakarma doSa -avazoM kA vazIkaraNa karanA aura niyukta hue janoM kA saMyoga karAnA yaha mUlakarma kahA gayA hai|202

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AhAra caryA udgama aura utpAdana ke solaha-solaha ke bheda se battIsa doSoM meM gRhasthAzrita 16 doSoM meM AhAra ke udgama / auddezika Adi doSa vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai| vastutaH ye doSa hote to haiM bhramaNa ke, parantu ve doSa gRhastha ke Azrita hote haiN| jaina sAdhu uddiSTa bhojana ke tyAgI arthAt anudiSTa bhojI hote haiN| ve apane lie banAye gaye bhojana ke mana vacana kAya evaM kRta kArita anumodanA meM navakoTi se tyAgI hote haiN| isa uddiSTa bhojana kA tyAga digambara zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM meM lagabhaga samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| 203 parantu phira bhI vartamAna kAla ke ubhaya sampradAya meM adhikAMza uddiSTa bhojI hI haiM, yahA~ taka ki digambara sampradAya meM bahuta se prasiddha saMgha apane sAtha svataMtra bhojana vyavasthA lekara bhI calate haiN| jinameM sthita kucha naukara tathA mahilAeM hI una sAdhuoM ko icchAnusAra AhAra banAtI hai, isa prakAra sAdhu saMgha meM atyanta anAcAra vyApta hai / jaina samAja kA koI bhI varga kyoM na ho cAhe samAja kA Ama varga yA vidvat varga ho athavA tathAkathita jaina zramaNa svayaM bhI kyoM na ho "saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa se yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki uddiSTa AhAra liyA jA sakatA hai, uddiSTa sthAnoM meM rahA jA sakatA hai| parantu zatAdhika varSoM se yaha mAnasika parivartana avazya ho gayA hai ki "abhI duSzama kAla hai, pAMcamA ArA hai kalikAla hai, isa samaya sAdhu ke kaThora niyamoM ko nahIM nibhAyA jA sakatA hai, isa dhAraNA ne sAdhu saMgha ko zithilatA kI ora moDa diyA hai| 204 grahaNeSaNA viSayaka doSa - eSaNA arthAt azana ke dasa doSa hote haiM jo ki kramazaH nimna haiM:1. zaMkita doSa 2. bhrakSita doSa 3. nikSiptadoSa 4. pihita doSa - 225 - - azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya-ye cAra prakAra ke AhAra haiN| inake viSaya meM, citta yA Agama se aisA sandeha ki yaha yogya hai yA ayogya ? aisA sandeha rakhate hue phira usI AhAra ko grahaNa karanA zaMkita doSa hai / cikanAIyukta hAtha, bartana yA kalachI - cammaca se diyA gayA bhojana bhrakSita doSayukta hai| isameM sammUrcchana Adi sUkSma jIvoM kI virAdhanA kA doSa dekhA jAtA hai / sacitta pRthvI, jala, agni aura vanaspati tathA bIja aura trasa jIva * unake Upara jo AhAra rakhA huA hai vaha chaha bheda rUpa nikSipta hotA hai| tathA aMkurita gehU~ Adi dhAnya jIvoM kI utpatti ke yogya sthAna hai, yonibhUta hai, isaliye sacitta hai / jo sacitta vastu se DhakA huA hai athavA jo acitta bhArI DhakA huA hai use haTAkara jo bhojana detA hai vaha pihita hai| 5. saMvyavahAra doSa- dAna ke nimitta vastra yA bartana Adi ko jaldI se khIMcakara binA dekhe jo bhojana Adi muni ko diyA jAtA hai aura yadi ve vaha se vastu

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226 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA bhojana pAna Adi grahaNa kara lete haiM to unake lie vaha saMvyavaharaNa doSa hotA hai| 6. dAyaka doSa - dhAya, dhAya, madyapAyI, rogI, mRtaka se sUtaka sahita, napuMsaka, pizAca, grasta, nagna, malamUtra karake Aye hue, mUchita, vamana karake Aye hue, rudhira sahita, vezyA, zramaNikA, tailamAliza karane vAlI, ativAlA, ativRddhA, khAtI huyI, garbhiNI, aMdhI, kisI ke Ar3a meM khar3I huI, baiThI huyI. U~ce para khar3I huyI yA nIce sthAna para khar3I huyI AhAra deve to dAyaka doSa hotA hai evaM phUMkanA, jalAnA, sAraNakaranA, r3hakanA, bujhAnA, tathA lakar3I Adi ko haTAnA yA pITanA ityAdi agni kA kArya karake, lIpanA-dhonA karake tathA dUdha pIte hue bAlaka ko chor3akara ityAdi kArya karake Akara yadi dAna dete haiM to dAyaka doSa hotA hai| 7. unmizra doSa - pRthvI, jala, haritakAya, bIja aura sajIva trasa ina pA~coM se mizra huA AhAra unmizra hotA hai| 8. apariNata doSa -tilodaka, taNDulodaka, uSNajala, cane kA dhovana, tuSa dhovana, vipariNata nahIM hue aura bhI jo vaise haiM, pariNata nahIM hue haiM, unheM grahaNa nahIM kre| 9. lipta doSa - geru, haritAla, selakhaDI, manaH zikhA ( AmapiSTa yA cAvala Adi kA cUrNa) gIlA ATA kopana Adi sahita jala inase lipta hue hAtha yA bartana se AhAra denA vaha lipta doSa hai| 10. parityajana doSa -bahuta sA girAkara yA girate hue diyA gayA bhojana grahaNa kara aura bhojana karate samaya girAkara jo AhAra karanA hai vaha vyakta doSa uparyukta daza azana doSa kahe gaye haiM, ye sAvadya ko karane vAle haiM, inase jIva dayA nahIM palatI hai aura loka meM nindA bhI hotI hai| ataH ye tyAjya haiN| saMyojanAdi doSa - bhojana sambandhI grAsaipaNA ke saMyojanA, pramANa, aMgAra, aura dhUma ina cAra doSoM kA svarUpa prastuta hai - (1) saMyojanA doSa - ThaNDA bhojana uSNa jala se milA denA, yA ThaNDe jala Adi padArtha uSNa bhAta Adi se milA denaa| anya bhI paraspara viruddha vastuoM ko milA denA saMyojanA doSa hai| (2) pramANa doSa - vyaMjana Adi bhojana se udara ke do bhAga pUrNa karanA aura jala se udara kA tIsarA bhAga pUrNa karanA tathA uMdara kA caturtha bhAga khAlI rakhanA vaha

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AhAra caryA 227 pramANabhUta AhAra kahalAtA hai| isase bhinna jo adhika AhAra grahaNa karate haiM, unake pramANa yA atimAtra nAma kA AhAra doSa hotA hai| pramANa se adhika AhAra lene para svAdhyAya nahIM hotA hai, SaT Avazyaka kriyAeM karanA bhI zakya nahIM rahatA hai| jvara Adi roga bhI utpanna hokara saMtApita karate haiM tathA nidrA aura Alasya Adi doSa bhI hote haiN| ataH pramANabhUta AhAra lenA caahie| (3) aMgAra doSa - gRddhatA yukta AhAra lenA aMgAra doSa hai| arthAt jo atyanta Asakti pUrvaka AhAra grahaNa karatA hai, usake aMgAra nAmaka doSa utpanna hotA hai| (4) dhUma doSa - bahuta nindA, krodha aura dveSa karate hue AhAra lenA dhUma doSa hai| arthAt yaha bhojana virUpaka hai, mere lie aniSTa hai-aisI nindA karake bhojana karanA dhUma doSa hai, kyoMki isake kAraNa antaraMga meM kleza dekhA jAtA hai| AhAra ke antarAya antarAya nAma vighna kA hai| sAdhuoM kI AhAra caryA meM bhI kadAcit bAla yA cIMTI Adi par3a jAne ke kAraNa jo bAdhA AtI hai use AhAra antarAya kahate haiN| sAdhu ke AhAra ke antarAya ke nimna rUpa milate haiN| jinakA vivecana nimna prakAra se hai:(1) kAka - AhArArtha gamana karate hue yA AhAra lete samaya kauA, vaka Adi pakSI bITa kara de to vaha kAka antarAya hai| (2) amedhya - AhAra ko jAte samaya viSThA Adi apavitra mala paira Adi meM laga jaanaa| (3) chardi - vamana ho jaanaa| (4) rudhira - apane yA anya zarIra se raktasrAva hotA dikhnaa| (5) rodhana - AhAra jAte samaya koI roka de| (6) azrupAta - duHkha, zoka se apane yA para ke A~sU girnaa| (7) jAnvadhaH parAmarza - jaMghA ke nIce bhAga kA sparza ho jaanaa| (8) jAnUpari vyatikrama - ghuTanoM se Upara ke avayavoM kA sparza ho jaanaa| (9) nAmyadho nirgamana - dAtA ke ghara kA daravAjA choTA hone para nAbhI se nIce zira karake AhArArtha jaanaa| (10) pratyAkhyAta sevanA - jisa vastu kA tyAga ho usakA bhakSaNa ho jaanaa| (11) jaMtuvadha - koI jIva sAmane hI kisI jIva kA vadha kara de| (12) kAkAdi piNDaharaNa - AhAra karate samaya hAtha se kauA Adi ke dvArA AhAra kA china jaanaa| (13) pANi - piNDapatana-pANipAtra se grAsa mAtra bhI gira jaanaa| (14) pANi jantuvadha - AhAra karate samaya kisI jantu kA paNipuTa meM svayaM Akara mara . jaanaa| (15) mAMsAdi darzana - bhojana karate samaya mAMsa, madya Adi dikha jaanaa|

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228 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA (16) upasarga - kisI prakAra kA upasarga ho jaanaa| (17) pAdAntara jIva - donoM pairoM ke madhya se kisI paMcendriya jIva kA nikala jaanaa| (18) bhAjanasaMpAta-dAtA ke hAtha se koI bartana gira jaanaa| (19) uccAra - AhAra karate samaya mala visarjita ho jaanaa| (20) prasavaNa - mUtra visarjita honaa| (21) abhojya gRhapraveza - AhArArtha bhramaNa ke samaya cANDAlAdi ke ghara meM praveza ho jAve to yaha antarAya hai| (22) patana - AhAra ke samaya mUrchA Adi se sAdhu kA gira jAnA patana nAmaka antarAya (23) upavezana - kisI kAraNa se bhojana karate-karate baiTha jaanaa| (24) sadaMza - kutte, billI Adi ke kATane pr| (25) bhUmi saMsparza - siddha bhakti kara lene ke bAda yadi hAtha se bhUmi kA sparza ho jaave| (26) niSThIvana - AhAra karate samaya kapha, yUMka Adi kA niklnaa| (27) udara kRmi nirgamana - yadi udara se kRmi ( kIDe) nikala pdd'e| (28) adatta grahaNa - dAtA ke diye binA hI koI vastu grahaNa kara lenaa| (29) prahAra - apane Upara yA anya kisI para talavAra Adi kA prahAra ho jaave| (30) grAmadAha - yadi grAmaAdi meM agni laga jaave| (31.) pAdena kiMcita grahaNa - muni dvArA bhUmi para par3I koI vastu paira se uThAkara grahaNa kara lenaa| ( 32 ) kareNa kiMcitagrahaNa - sAdhu ke dvArA apane hI hAtha se gRhastha kI kisI vastu kA grahaNa kara lenaa|205 ina kAraNoM ke alAvA bhojana ke sthAna para yadi kIr3I Adi tuccha jIva-jantu calate-phirate adhika najara AyeM, yA aisA hI koI nimitta upasthita ho jAe to saMyamiyoM ko hAtha dhokara vahA~ se dUsarI jagaha ke lie AhArArtha mauna pUrvaka cale jAnA caahie|206 AhAra kI mAtrA va kAla zramaNa kA pratipala Adarza evaM viveka pUrNa hotA hai| isI kAraNa unakI AhAra kI mAtrA bhI parimita hotI hai| ve svacchandatA pUrvaka AhAra grahaNa nahIM karate haiN| aura jo "liMgadhArI piNDa arthAt AhAra ke lie daur3ate haiM, AhAra ke lie kalaha karake use khAte haiM, tathA usake nimitta paraspara anya se IrSyA karate haiM vaha zramaNa jinamArgI nahIM hai|207 jaina zramaNa to dAtR janoM ko kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhA pahu~cAye binA kuzalatA se bhramara kI taraha AhAra lete haiN| ataH unakI bhikSA vRtti ko bhrAmarIvRtti aura AhAra ko bhramarAhAra kahA hai|208 paM. ToDaramala ne bhramarAhAra ke viruddha AhAra lene vAloM ko gRhasthoM kI prANa pIDA karane vAlA kahA hai| ye Asakta hokara dAtAra ke prANa pIDi AhArAdika grahaNa karate .

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AhAra caryA 229 haiM - ityAdi aneka viparItatA pratyakSa pratibhAsai aura apane Apa ko muni mAnate haiM ; mUlaguNAdika ke dhAraka kahalAte haiN|209 yahA~ para paNDita pravara ToDaramala bhI sImita sAtvika AhAra ke hI pakSa meM haiN| ataH AhAradAtA ko bhI yaha viveka apekSita hai ki zIta yA uSNa kAla ke anusAra tathA muni kI vAta, pitta yA kapha pradhAna prakRti jAnakara, parizrama, vyAdhi, kAyakleza tapa aura upavAsa Adi dekha-jAnakara unheM usake anusAra AhAra denA caahie|210 kAraNa, AhAra udarastha hokara pAcanakriyA zarIra meM prANa dhAraNAdi zakti paidA karatA hai, jisase saMyamapatha prabala hotA hai| parantu muni ko adhika AhAra bhI nahIM lenA cAhie, unheM to "udara ke cAra bhAgoM meM se do bhAga to vyaMjana sahita bhojana se bhare, tIsarA bhAga jala se paripUrNa kare aura caturtha bhAga pavana ke vicaraNa ke lie rikta rkhe|211 yaha zarIra vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra bhI tarkasaMgata hai| ataH vaTTakera ne AhAra kI mAtrA batalAte hue kahA ki "sAdhAraNa puruSa ko adhika se adhika battIsa grAsa pramANa AhAra grahaNa karanA caahie| yaha svastha puruSa kA sAmAnyataH parimANa hai, vaise A. kundakunda to kahate haiM ki zramaNa itanA bhojana kare ki jisase usakA peTa na bhre|273 zve. ke aupapAtika sUtra meM "bhaktapAna avamaudarya ke prasaMga meM kahA ki - ATha grAsa grahaNa karane vAlA alpAhArI, bAraha grAsa grahaNa karane vAlA apArddha avamaudarya, solaha grAsa vAlA, arddha avamaudarya, caubIsa grAsa vAlA pauna avamaudarya, tathA ikattIsa grahaNa karane vAle ko kiMcita avamaudarya hotA hai|214 AcArya vaTTakera ne sAdhu ke AhAra grahaNa karane ke kAla kI maryAdA batalAte hue kahA ki bhojana kAla meM tIna muhurta lagAnA vaha jaghanya AcaraNa hai, do muhurta lagAnA vaha madhyama AcaraNa hai aura eka muhurta lagAnA vaha utkRSTa AcaraNa hai|215 AhAra grahaNa vidhi zramaNa kA AhAra viSayaka paryApta vivecana eSaNA samiti, sthita bhojana, va eka bhakta, meM ho gayA hai, evaM unako yogya kula, kAlAdi meM saMkalpAnusAra AhAra kI vidhi saMkalpAnusAra mila jAtI hai, taba ve navadhA- bhakti pUrvaka bhakta dAtA ke sAta guNa sahita kriyA se diyA gayA AhAra grahaNa karate haiN|216 navadhA bhakti kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA ki "munirAja kA paDigAhana karanA, unheM ucca sthAna para virAjamAna karanA, unake caraNa ghonA, unakI pUjA karanA, unheM namaskAra karanA, apane mana, vacana, kAya kI zuddhi aura AhAra kI vizuddhi karanA, isa prakAra dAna dene vAle ke yaha nau prakAra kA puNya athavA bhakti kahalAtI hai| dAtA ke sAta guNa batalAte hue akalaMka deva ne kahA ki "pAtra meM IrSyA na honA, tyAga meM viSAda na honA, dene kI icchA karane vAle meM tathA dene vAloM meM yA

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA jisane dAna diyA hai una sabameM prIti honA, kuzala abhiprAya, pratyakSa phala kI AkAMkSA na karanA, nidAna nahIM karanA, kisI se visaMvAda nahIM karanA Adi, dAtA kI vizeSatAeM haiN| 218 aura yaha dAna vidhi dAtA dvArA svayaM kI jAtI hai kyoMki 230 "dharmeSu svAmisevAyAM putrotpattau zrutodyame / bhaiSajye bhojane dAne ca pratihastaM na kArayeta / / - arthAt dharma aura svAmi sevA, putra kI utpatti, vidyAbhyAsa, auSadhipAna, bhojana aura dAna Adi dUsaroM ke hAtha se nahIM karAye jAte / svAmI ke abhAva meM diyA gayA dAna jaina zramaNa-grahaNa karate nahIM haiN| vartamAna adhikAMza zramaNa saMghoM meM zramaNa apanA sampUrNa sAmAna jisameM AhAra pAnI zayanAdika ke lie pyAla Adi kI sAmagrI lekara calate haiN| tathA zreSThivarga dvArA vyavasthApita naukaroM ke dvArA AhAra banatA hai aura kabhI-kabhI ve bhI AhAra dete haiM / vastutaH yaha zithilAcArI veSI mAtra haiM, zramaNa nahIM haiN| AhAra kI isa prakAra kI vistAra carcA "digambara jaina munisaMgha aura sadoSa AhAra dAna para vicAra " meM vra. hIrAlAla khuzAlacanda dozI phalaTaNa ne kI hai, yahA~ to saMketa mAtra hai| zramaNa ke lie navakoTi se hI zuddha AhAra kA vidhAna digambara paramparA meM milatA hai, parantu syAdvAda maMjarI (zve. ) meM paMcakoTi se zuddha AhAra grahaNa kI bAta AtI hai / vahA~ kahA hai ki "jaina muniyoM ke vAste sAmAnya rUpa se saMyama kI rakSA ke lie nava koTi vizuddha AhAra grahaNa karane kI vidhi batAyI gayI hai / parantu yadi kisI kAraNa se koI dravya-kSetra - kAla bhAvajanya ApadAoM se grasta ho jAe aura use koI mArga sUjha na par3e, to aisI dazA meM vaha pA~ca koTi se zuddha AhAra kA grahaNa kara sakatA hai yaha apavAda niyama hai| parantu jaise sAmAnya vidhi saMyama kI rakSA ke lie hai, vaise hI apavAda bhI saMyama kI rakSA ke lie hai / ayogya AhAra dAtAoM kA svarUpa batalAte hue bhagavatI ArAdhanAkAra ne kahA ki jo apane bAlaka ko stanapAna karA rahI hai, aura jo garbhiNI hai, aisI striyoM kA diyA huA AhAra grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| atizaya rogI, vRddha, bAlaka, unmatta, andhA, gUMgA, azakta, bhayayukta, zaMkAyukta, atizaya najadIka jo khar3A huA hai, jo dUra khar3A huA hai, aise puruSa se AhAra nahIM lenA caahie| lajjA se jisane apanA muMha phera liyA hai, jisane jUtA athavA cappala para pA~va rakhA hai, jo UMcI jagaha para khar3A hai, aise manuSya ke dvArA AhAra grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| tathA khaNDayukta kar3akI ke dvArA diyA gayA AhAra bhI nahIM lenA cAhie | 219

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AhAra caryA 231 AhAra lete samaya, dIvAla, stambhAdi Azraya ke binA apane pairoM meM cAra aMgula kA antara rakhakara tathA samapAda khar3e ho, paira rakhane, jUThana girane aura dAtA ke khar3e hone para tIna prakAra kI bhUmi-zuddhi pUrvaka apane hAthoM kI aMjuli puTa ko hI pAtra banAkara usI meM hI AhAra grahaNa karate haiN|220 evaM usa pANipAtra meM bhUkha se kama, yathAlabdha---rasa nirapekSa tathA madhumAsAdi rahita aisA zuddha alpa AhAra dina ke samaya kevala eka bAra grahaNa karate haiN|221 aura zrAvakoM ke hI ghara meM prApta usa bhikSA ko mauna pUrvaka khar3e hokara lete haiN|222 mauna ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki mauna svAbhimAna kI ayAcakatvarUpa vrata kI rakSA hone para tathA bhojana viSayaka lolupatA ke nirodha se tapa ko bar3hAtA hai, aura zrutajJAna ke vinaya ke sambandha meM puNya ko bar3hAtA hai|223 maunI svAbhimAnI zramaNa "khAne yogya padArtha kI prApti ke lie athavA bhojana viSayaka icchA ko pragaTa karane ke lie huMkAranA aura lalakAranA Adi izAroM ko tathA bhojana ke pIche saMkleza ko chor3atA huA, saMyama ko bar3hAtA huA bhojana karatA hai|224 digambara paramparA meM zramaNa ko pANipAtrI kahA hai, parantu zvetAmbarIya paramparA meM zramaNa ko pAtra rakhane kA vidhAna hai evaM vaha vibhinna gharoM se mAMgakara bhojana ekatrita kara eka jagaha baiThakara AhAra karatA hai| zve. ke anusAra mahAvIra bhI pahale pANipAtrI nahIM the, parantu pazcAt ve pANipAtrI ho gaye the,225 muni nathamala (zve. ) jI likhate haiM ki "bhagavAna bhikSA ke lie svayaM gRhasthoM ke ghara jAte aura vahIM khar3e hokara bhojana karate, tIrtha sthApanA ke pazcAt bhagavAna ne zramaNa ko eka pAtra rakhane kI anumati dI, aba munijana pAtroM meM bhikSA lene lge|226 parantu zve. muni zrI nathamala jI ke ye vicAra yukta pUrNa nahIM haiM, kyoMki pAtra rakhane se parigraha kA doSa aaegaa| ataH jo doSa sacelakAvasthA meM the lagabhaga vahI doSa, pAtra rakhane, surakSA, saphAI Adi karane jaisI ApattiyoM ko sthAna milegaa| niSkarSa rUpa meM, zramaNoM kA tathA unakI AhAra caryA ke sarvAMgINa vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana ke bAda yaha sahaja kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUlaguNoM va uttaraguNoM ke sahaja pAlaka sAdhu, zrAvakoM dvArA navadhA bhaktipUrvaka samucita kAla va viveka ke sAtha eka sthAna para khaDe hokara apane jIvana ko saMyama pUrvaka yApana karane ke lie AhAra grahaNa karate haiN| taba ve apane jIvana ko saphala va sArthaka banAte haiN|

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232 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA vihAra caryA : vihAra zabda "vi" upasarga pUrvaka "ha" dhAtu se chan pratyaya pUrvaka banA hai| isakA artha hai - haTAnA, dUra karanA, bhramaNa, saira karanA aadi| yahA~ jainadharma kI paramparA va usakI AtmA para sUkSmatA se vicAra karate hue "vihAra caryA" kA yaha artha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki, bhramaNa (vihAra) karate hue zramaNoM dvArA apane pariNAmoM se rAga-dveSa ko haTAne rUpa kriyA ko "vihAra caryA" kahate haiN| parantu ve pRthvI para pada-vihAra karate hue bhI kisI prANI ko pIDA nahIM pahu~cAte, apitu una jIvoM ke samakSa dayA ke avatAra rUpa meM hI sadA upasthita rahate haiN| unheM dekhakara kalpanA merA svayaMvaraNa karatI huyI kahatI hai ki, ve muktidUta zramaNa, caturgati meM vihAra (bhramaNa) karate bhavya jIvoM ko, caturgati se vihAra ( haTAnA) ke preraka nimitta hone ke lie hI zAyada "vihAracaryA" ke vikalpa ke vaza hote hai| sambhavataH, isI kAraNa sAdhu ko calate-phirate siddha kahA gayA hai| calate-phirate ina siddha-zramaNoM ko dekhakara nirantara matya ke AliMgana meM ba~dhe saMsArI bhavya jIvoM ko utanA hI Ananda AtA hai, jitanA ki, dIrghakAla se bichar3A stana pAna karane vAlA putra apanI mA~ kI mamatA-mayI mUrti ko dekhakara AnandAtireka se azrudhArA bahAtA hai| usa zizu kA jIvana usakI puSTi va tuSTi hI mA~ ke AMcala meM hI hai| ataH atyanta AhlAdakAriNI mA~ ko dekhakara vaha prasanna kyoM nahIM hogA ? usI taraha zmazAna ke vAtAvaraNa meM pala rahe bhavya jIva, jaba amaratva kI kathA kahane vAle zramaNoM ko dekhate haiM, aura unase madhura vacanAmRta rUpI dugdha ke sevana kI AzA hotI hai| to unheM dekhakara bhavya jIvoM ko santuSTi kyoM nahIM hogI ? arthAt avazya hogii| ataH zramaNoM kI vihAra caryA jIvoM ko saMsAra se vihAra kA maMgala saMdeza detI hai ki, kisa taraha rAga-deza se dUSita loka meM bhI unase aprabhAvita rahakara Atma sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| jagata se aprabhAvita rahakara unako sahaja prabhAvita karane vAle jaina zramaNoM kI yaha eka Avazyaka aura viziSTa caryA hai| ataH ve bhikSAcaryA meM, ekAntavAsa Adi meM kalaha Adi ke tyAga rUpa vihAra caryA karate haiN| ve binA kisI apekSA ke havA aura pAnI kI taraha bahate haiM, aura svopakAra ke sAtha paropakAra bhI karate haiN| isIlie inako atithi tathA aniyatavihArI bhI kahA jAtA hai| AcArya zivArya zramaNa ko aniyata vihArI batalAte hue kahate haiM ki "jo samAdhi maraNa ke yogya hai, jisane mukti ke upAyabhUta liMga ko dhAraNa kiyA hai, jo zAstrAdhyayana karane meM tatpara hai, pA~ca prakAra kA vinaya karane vAle, apane mana ko vaza meM karane vAle aise zramaNoM ke lie grAma nagara Adika aniyata kSetra meM vihAra karanA caahie|227 zramaNoM kI vRtti pakSI samAna hotI hai, jaise pakSiyoM kA kisI eka sthAna vizeSa se lagAva nahIM hotA hai| ve svatantra AkAza meM vicaraNa karate haiM, parantu jahA~ dAnA-pAnI milatA hai, vahA~ kSaNika rukate

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vihAra caryA 233 haiM phira ur3a jAte haiN| vaise hI zramaNa AhAra-pAnI ke lie kSaNika rUpa se nagara meM Ate haiM, pazcAt ve vana vApisa cale jAte haiN| aniyata vihAra kI mahattA batalAte hue kahA ki "aniyata vihArI sAdhu ko samyagdarzana kI zuddhi, sthitikaraNa, ratnatraya kI bhAvanA va abhyAsa, zAstra kauzala, tathA samAdhimaraNa ke yogya kSetra kI mArgaNA, itanI bAteM prApta hotI haiN| aniyata vihArI ko tIrthaMkaroM ke janma, niSkramaNa, jJAna Adi ke sthAnoM kA darzana hone se usake samyagdarzana meM nirmalatA hotI hai| anya muni bhI usake saMvega vairAgya, zuddha lezyA, tapa Adi ko dekhakara vaise hI bana jAte haiM, ataH use sthitikaraNa hotA hai| (tathA anya zramaNoM ke guNoM ko dekhakara vaha svayaM bhI apanA sthitikaraNa karatA hai) parISaha sahana karane kI zakti prApta karatA hai| deza-dezAntara kI bhASAoM Adi kA jJAna prApta karatA hai| aneka AcAryoM ke upadeza sunane ke kAraNa sUtra ke vizeSa artha va artha karane kI aneka paddhatiyoM kA parijJAna hotA hai| aneka muniyoM kA saMyoga prApta hone se sAdhu ke AcAra-vicAra Adi kI vizeSa jAnakArI ho jAtI hai|228 vItarAgI zramaNa vasatikA, upakaraNa, gA~va, nagara, svasaMgha, zrAvakaloka, ina sabhI meM mamatva rahita haiN| ataH ve aniyata vihArI hI hote haiN| vihAra karate samaya yadi jala Adi meM praveza karanA par3e to "zramaNa ko praveza ke pUrva pA~voM Adi avayavoM se sacitta va acitta dhUli ko dUra karake, jala se bAhara Ane taka, jaba taka pA~va na sUkha jAe, taba taka z2ala ke samIpa hI khar3A rhe| bar3I nadI ko pAra karane ke pUrva, taTa para siddha vandanA karake dUsare taTa kI prApti hone taka ke lie zarIra, AhAra Adi kA pratyAkhyAna karanA caahie| pratyAkhyAna karake naukA vagairaha para ArUr3ha hove aura dUsare taTa para pahu~cakara aticAra dUra karane ke lie kAyotsarga karanA caahie|229 vihAra karate samaya zramaNa, bailagAr3I, hAthI kI savArI, DolI, ratha Adi bahuta bAra jisa mArga se cala cuke hoM, sUrya Adika ke AtApa se jo vyApta ho cukA ho, aise prAsuka mArga para calate haiN|230 aura isa taraha se unake lie rAtri vihAra sutarAM niSiddha ho jAtA hai| kyoMki sUrya kA AtApa na hone se rAtrikAlIna mArga aprAsuka ho jAtA hai| samucita prakAza kA abhAva hone se IryA- samiti nahIM pAlI jA sakatI hai, ataH ahiMsA bhI nahIM pala sakatI hai| isake alAvA bhI rAtri meM sambhAvita durghaTanAe~, loka nindA Adi aneka vivAdoM se svataH baca jAtA hai| ataH saMyamI muni ko prAsuka aura sulabha- vRtti yogya kSetroM evaM kAla kA avalokana karanA yogya hai| jahA~ gamana karane se jIvoM ko bAdhA na ho, jo trasa jIvoM va vanaspatiyoM se rahita ho, jahA~ bahuta pAnI va kIcar3a na ho, vaha kSetra prAsuka hai|231 aise prAsuka kSetra meM zramaNa apanI gamana-kriyA karate haiN| gamana meM vizeSa sAvadhAnI rakhate hue yuga- pramANa bhUmi ko dekhate hue, bIja, ghAsa, jala trasa Adi jIvoM se bacate hue cle| tathA varSA kuhAsA Adi ke hone para na cle| Upara-nIce dekhatA huA, vArtAlApa va ha~satA huA bhI nahIM cle| hilate hue patthara, lakar3I, ITa Adi para paira rakhakara bhI nahIM

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA cale, galIce, darI Adi AvaraNa yukta jagaha para na cle| isa prakAra dravya- kSetra - kAlabhAva kI maryAdA kA paryApta viveka rakhate hue jaina zramaNa apanA eka-eka kadama bar3hAte haiM / ataH yaha kahane meM koI saMkoca nahIM, ki sacamuca meM yaha vyaktitva hI viveka kA sAkSAt bimba hai| 234 ekala vihAra : AcArya ke saMgha ke binA akele rahane athavA vihAra karane ko ekala vihAra kahate haiM / isa ekala vihAra kA jainadharma meM sarvathA niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| mukhyataH ekadama ekAkI to jinakalpI tIrthaMkara hI hote haiN| parantu sAmAnya zramaNa ko isa prakAra saMgha rahita ekAkI kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kA yadi koI nagna, picchi- kamaNDalu liye bhramaNa karatA hai, to use jaina zramaNa kI caryA meM zaMkAspada mAnA jA sakatA hai| tathApi yadi koI zramaNa, jJAna se adhika kinhIM anya AcArya ke pAsa vizeSa adhyayana ke lie jAnA cAhatA hai, to vaha eka bAra nahIM apitu aneka bAra apane saMgha pramukha se AjJA letA hai, aura phira ekAkI nahIM, apitu cAra, tIna yA do muni ke sAtha vihAra kara sakatA I AcArya vasunandi ne cAra muni ke sAtha jAne vAle ko uttama mArga evaM do muni ke sAtha jAne vAle ko jaghanya mArga kahA hai| 232 yadi koI tathAkathita bhramaNa ekadama ekAkI aura vaha bhI kisI AcArya ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana ke lie na jAkara aura binA AjJA ke prayojana rahita bhramaNa karatA hai, to jaina zramaNAcAra ke pariprekSya meM use zramaNAbhAsa kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| vihAra ke do bheda haiM - gRhItArtha aura agRhItArtha / tatvajJAnI muni cAritra meM dRr3ha rahate hue jo sarvatra vicaraNa karate haiM, unakA vihAra prathama hai aura jo alpa jJAnI, cAritra kA pAlana karate hue vicaraNa karate haiM unakA vihAra dvitIya hai| inake atirikta anya taraha kA vihAra jinazAsana meM amAnya hai| 233 eka vihAra kA niSedha karate hue AcArya vaTTakera ne kahA ki "sonA, baiThanA, grahaNa karanA, zikSA, mala tyAga karanA ityAdi kAryoM ke samaya jisakA svacchanda gamanAgamana hai, svecchA se hI binA avasara bolane meM anurakta hai aisA ekAkI merA vairI bhI na ho / gaNa ko chor3a akele vihAra karane meM itane doSa Ate haiM jaise guru kI nindA, zruta kA vinAza, jinazAsana meM kalaMka, mUrkhatA, vivhalatA, kuzIlapanA, pArzvasthatA / jo svacchanda vihAra karatA hai vaha kAMTe, sthANu, krodha se Aye huye kutte baila Adi, sarpa, mleccha, viSa, ajIrNa, inake dvArA maraNa duHkha pAtA hai / zithilAcArI muni Rddhi Adi gaurava vAlA, bhogoM kI icchA vAlA, kuTilasvabhAvI udyamarahita, lobhI, pApa buddhi hotA huA muni samUha meM rahate hue bhI dUsare ko nahIM cAhatA / ekAkI svacchanda vihArI sAdhu ko AjJAkopa, ati prasaMga, 1

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vihAra caryA 235 mithyAtva kI ArAdhanA, apane samyagdarzanAdi guNoM kA ghAta, saMyama kA ghAta, ye pApa sthAna avazya hote haiN| aise guru kula meM rahanA ThIka nahIM, jahA~ AcArya, upAdhyAya, prarvataka, sthavira, aura gaNadhara ye pA~ca munirAja saMgha ke AdhArabhUta na ho| jo zramaNa saMgha ko chor3akara saMgha rahita akelA vihAra karatA hai, aura diye upadeza ko grahaNa nahIM karatA hai vaha pApa zramaNa hai| jo pahile ziSyapanA na karake AcAryapanA karane ko vegavAna hai, vaha pUrvApara viveka rahita DhoMDhAcArya hai, jaise aMkuza rahita matavAlA haathii|234 AcArya malliSeNa ne aise zramaNa ko sAMDa kI upAdhi dI hai|235 to cAmuNDarAya ne ekala bihArI ko mRga-cAritra kahakara vahiSkRta kiyA hai|236 vastutaH "jo muni hokara utkRSTa siMhavRtti rUpa pravartatA hai, bahuta tapazcaraNa Adi se saMyukta hai, bar3A padadhArI hai, parantu svacchanda pravartatA hai, vaha pApa va mithyAtva ko hI prApta hotA hai|237 AdipurANa meM to paMcamakAla meM ekalavihArI sAdhu kI sattA kA hI niSedha kiyA hai|238 vastutaH isakA yaha tAtparya hai ki isa yogya puruSArthI jIvoM kA lagabhaga abhAva hI rhegaa| ekala vihAra yogya sAdhu kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA ki, jo dvAdaza prakAra kA tapa, bAraha aMga caudaha pUrva athavA usa kAla kSetra ke anurUpa Agama kA pAragAmI, utkRSTa zArIrika zakti-yukta, zarIra se bhinna apanI AtmA meM rati rUpa ekatva bhAvayukta, vajravRSabha Adi saMhanana vAlA, manobala saMyukta itanA hI nahIM, apitu dIkSA se, Agama se balavAna, tapazcaryA se vRddha, AcAra sambandhI siddhAnta meM bhI akSuNNa, aise anukUlacaryA meM nipuNa guNaviziSTa ko ekala vihAra kI anumati dI gayI hai| ekala vihAra ke sambandha meM zvetAmbarIya Agama meM bhI lagabhaga aisA hI svarUpa milatA hai| sUtra kRtAMga meM ekAkI caryA kI yogyatA para vicArate hue kahA ki "ekAkI vicaraNa karane vAle sAdhu ko kaThora sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai, kyoMki ekAkI vicaraNa sAdhanA aMgIkAra karane ke pazcAt thoDI sI bhI sthAna kI, AhAra-pAnI kI asuvidhA, sammAna satkAra meM logoM kI aruci dekhI ki, mana meM roSa A gayA, athavA vANI meM roSa, kaThoratA yA apazabda A gaye yA kisI sUne ghara meM Thahara jAne para bhI vahA~ kisI prakAra kA devI, mAnuSI yA pAzavika upadrava A gayA to sAdhu kI samAdhi bhaMga ho jAegI, mana meM rAga-dveSa kI utpatti hogii|239 dazAzruta skandha meM kahA hai - ukta bIsa asamAdhi sthAnoM se dUra rahakara zruta, vinaya, AcAra, evaM tapa ina cAra prakAra kI samAdhi meM sthita rahanA caahie| vastutaH ekacaryA kA lAbha usI ko mila sakatA hai, jo pahale apane Apako ekacaryA ke yogya banA le| anyathA ekacaryA se lAbha ke badale hAni hI adhika uThAnI par3a sakatI hai|240 sUtrakRtAMga kI amarasukhabodhinI vyAkhyA meM atyanta pauruSavanta evaM atiekAntapriya ko hI ekalavihArI banane kA nirdeza milatA hai| vahA~ aneka zartoM ke madhya ye sAra draSTavya hai"

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236 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA saba doSoM tathA rAga-dveSa kaSAya Adi se bacane ke lie sAdhu akelA vicaraNa karatA hai, akelA hI kAyotsarga, uThanA, baiThanA Adi karatA hai| yahA~ jitanI bhI ekAkI caryA batalAyI hai, vaha dravya aura bhAva donoM se ekAkI honA caahie| dravya se ekAkI kA artha hai-dUsare zramaNavazrAvaka ke sahayoga se nirpekss| bhAva se ekAkI kA artha hai-rAga dveSAdi dopoM se tathA jana-samparka janita doSoM se rahita eka mAtra Atma bhAvoM meM yA AtmaguNoM meM sthita rahakara vicaraNa krnaa| apanA sthAna bhI aisA cune jo ekAnta, vijana, pavitra, zAnta aura strI-pazu napuMsaka ke saMsarga rahita ho| jisake lie zAstrakAra ne Age nirdeza kiyA hai-"bhayamANassa vivittmaasnnN|" yadi sAdhu ekalavihArI bhI ho gayA, kintu grAma ke bAhara athavA kahIM ekAnta meM rahakara bhI apanA akhAr3A jamAnA zurU kara diyA, janatA kI bhIr3a vahA~ bhI Ane lagI, athavA vaha sthAna ekAnta meM hote hue bhI murdAghATa yA gandagI-DAlane kA sthAna hai to vaha bhI ThIka nahIM, athavA ekAnta hote hue bhI vahA~ Asa-pAsa kala-kArakhAnoM kA yA anya koI kolAhala hotA hai athavA vaha pazuoM ko bA~dhane kA bAr3A ho, athavA kisI strI yA napuMsaka kA vahA~ rAtrikAla meM AvAgamana hotA ho to vaha vivikta nahIM kahalAtA hai| apavitra azAnta, kolAhalayukta yA strI-pazu saMsaktajana samudAya ke jamaghaTa vAle sthAna meM rahane se sAdhu ke ekAkIcaryA kI sAdhanA svIkAra karane kA uddezya pUrNa nahIM hotaa| vahA~ usake svAdhyAya, dhyAna, kAyotsarga Adi sAdhanA meM vikSepa pdd'egii| laukika svArtha- vaza sAMsArika logoM kA jamaghaTa zurU ho gayA to, sAdhu ko unake saMsarga se hI avakAza nahIM mila paayegaa| ina saba khataroM se bace rahane ke lie ekacaryA ke viziSTa sAdhaka ko yahA~ sAvadhAna kiyA hai| 128 vIM gAthA meM isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue kahA ki "saMsaggI asAhu rAyihiM" arthAt rAjA Adi rAjanItijJoM yA sattAdhAriyoM ke sAtha saMsarga ThIka nahIM hai, vaha AcAravAn sAdhu ke lie asamAdhi kAraka hai|241 ekalavihAra ke sandarbha meM hama yaha pAte haiM ki, ati pauruSavanta ko hI ekala vihAra kA nirdeza hai; jaise rAma, bAhuvalI Adi ekalavihArI the yA phira jinakalpI arhanta tIrthaMkara ekala vihArI the| sAmAnya jana ko ekala vihAra kA sakhta niSedha hai| jabaki Aja ke kAla meM ekalavihArI zramaNoM kI adhikatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| vastutaH ye zramaNAcAra se bhraSTa haiN| vizrAma caryA (vasatikA svarUpa): vihAra karate hue jaina zramaNa sthAna-sthAna para Thaharate bhI jAte haiN| zramaNoM ke Thaharane ke sthAna ko "vasatikA" kahate haiN| vaha manuSya, tiryaMca, zIta uSNAdi kI bAdhAoM se rahita

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vizrAma caryA 237 hotI hai| vasatikA kA sAmAnyataH svarUpa batalAte hue kahA ki "jo udgama, utpAdana, aura eSaNA doSoM se rahita ho, jisameM jantuoM kA vAsa na ho, athavA bAhara se Akara jahA~ prANI vAsa na karate hoM, saMskAra rahita ho, jisameM praveza karanA yA jisameM nikalanA sukhapUrvaka ho sake, jisakA dvAra DhakA ho, jahA~ vipula prakAza ho / jisake kivAr3a va dIvAreM majabUta ho, jo grAma ke bAhara ho, jahA~ bAla, vRddha aura cAra prakAra ke gaNa A-jA sakate hoN| jisake dvAra khuleM ho yA bhir3e hoM, jo samabhUmi yukta ho yA viSama ho yA viSama bhUmi yukta ho, jo grAma ke bAhya bhAga meM ho athavA anta meM ho, aisI vasatikA meM muni Thaharate haiN| 242 tathA jahA~ amanohara yA manohara sparza, rasa- gandha-rUpa aura zabdoM dvArA azubha pariNAma nahIM hote, jahA~ svAdhyAya va dhyAna meM vighna nahIM hotA / jahA~ rahane se muniyoM kI indriyA~ viSayoM kI tarapha nahIM daur3atI, mana kI ekAgratA naSTa nahIM hotI, aura dhyAna nirvighna hove, aisI vasatikA meM muni nivAsa karate haiN| 243 evaM jisa kSetra meM kaSAya kI utpatti ho, Adara kA abhAva ho, mUrkhatA ho, indriya viSayoM kI adhikatA ho, strI Adi bahuta janoM kA saMsarga ho, kleza va upasarga ho, aise kSetra ko muni avazya chor3a deN| 244 mUlAcAra va jJAnArNava kI yaha bAta bahuta tArkika va manAvaijJAnika thI / isI kAraNa zAnti va vItarAgatA kA grAhaka dIkSArthI, nirdvanda ho zAnta vana rUpa bAjAra meM isakA nirAbAdha rUpa se vyApAra karatA thA / tathA viSaya- kaSAya rUpa vaNikoM, va unake vyApAroM se apane ko sahaja dUra rakhatA thA / isa taraha amUlya jIvana ko svAbhAvika rUpa se pavitra rakhatA thA / isameM vastutaH koI Azcarya va baDappana jaisI bAta bhI nahIM hai| kyoMki pApotpAdaka patita viSaya - kaSAyoM kI sAmagrI kA jaba zaharoM meM hI bahuta sammAna va mUlyAMkana hotA hai, to ve kyoM nirjana vana meM jAnA pasanda kreNge| bhogoM ke sthala zaharoM meM eka-eka bhoga sAmagrI ko prApta karane ke lie asaMkhya prANI apanA sarvasva samarpaNa karane ke lie pratipala utsuka rahe, jisase unakI nirantara kamI hI rahatI ho, to unheM yaha socane kA bhI avakAza kahA~ ki ve jaMgala kI ora jAve; aura isa kAraNa sAdhu svAbhAvika rUpa se viSaya- kaSAyoM se dUra hokara pavitra raha jAte haiN| ataH unakI aisI sahaja pavitratA, prANI mAtra ke lie sahaja pUjya ho jAtI hai / parantu usa samaya to mAnava jagata kI hI yaha eka kAla rAtri thI ki jaba aisA utkRSTa Adarza hI viSaya kaSAya ke krIDA-sthala zaharoM meM rahanA pasanda kara rahA hogaa| hameM aise niSkRSTa kAla meM bhAravi ko yAda karake santApa kama kara lenA cAhie; jisameM bhI yudhiSThira ko sambodhana ke mAdhyama se eka atyanta mArmika tathya prastuta karate haiM, dekheM catusRSvapi te vivekinI nRpa vidyAsu nirUDhimAgatA / kathametya matirviparyayaM kariNI paDa. mivAvasIdati / / 6 / / 245

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238 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA yahA~ bhIma ke kahane kA tAtparya hai ki choTA pazu yadi kIcar3a meM pha~sa jAve to use nikAlA bhI jA sakatA hai; parantu yadi hathinI (sAmarthyavAna vyaktitva) hI kIcar3a meM phaMsa jAve, to use kauna nikAla sakatA hai? isI taraha Apa jaisA mahAn vyaktitva kI buddhi yadi vibhrama meM par3a jAve, to phira use kauna patha pradarzita kara sakatA hai ? AcArya pUjyapAda to isIlie sAdhu ke tapodhana ko surakSita va saMvardhita karane ke abhiprAya se usako ekAnta va jantuoM kI pIr3A se rahita sthAnoM meM zayyA va Asana lagAne ko kahate haiN| AcArya guNabhadra to nagara va grAma meM hI basakara rahane vAle zramaNoM para ati kheda vyakta karate hue kahate haiM ki "jisa prakAra siMhAdi ke bhaya se mRgAdi rAtri ke samaya gA~va ke nikaTa A jAte haiM, usI prakAra isa kalikAla meM munijana bhI vana ko chor3a gA~va ke samIpa rahane lage haiM, yaha kheda kI bAta hai| yadi Aja kA grahaNa kiyA gayA tapa kala striyoM ke kaTAkSarupa luTeroM ke dvArA vairAgya sampatti se rahita kara diyA jAye, to isa tapa kI apekSA gahastha jIvana hI kahIM zreSTha thaa| zramaNa ke rahane yogya sthAna to zUnyaghara, parvata kI guphA, vRkSa kA mUla, akRtrima gRha, udyAna gRha, zmazAna bhUmi, girizikhara, zikSAgRha skUla Adi chor3e hue ghara haiN|246 isake alAvA zahara ke bAhara ke caityAlaya meM ThaharA jA sakatA hai, parantu zahara ke madhya to bilkula anucita hI hai; jabaki Aja kA zramaNa zahara ke madhya hI raha rahA hai, aura jana sAmAnya yahI svarUpa svIkAra kara baiThA hai| jo ki bhramapUrNa santuSTi hai| isI kAraNa zithilAcAra apane pUrNa yauvana para haiN| isa sambandha meM yaha tarka diyA jAtA hai ki, Aja jaMgaloM meM zramaNoM ke anurupa anukUlatA nahIM hai| parantu yaha vicAra yukti- pUrNa nahIM hai| Aja na to bhayAnaka jaMgala hI rahe aura na hI unameM rahane vAle krUra pshu| ataH jIvanagata Apatti nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| dvitIya, pUrva ke jaMgaloM meM tathA zahara ke bAhara sAdhuoM ke lie cAritrika khatare bhI huA karate the| adhikAMzataH "jAra" striyA~ abhisAra karane jaMgala ke manorama vAtAvaraNa meM jAyA karatI thIM, aura prAyaH ve sAdhuoM ke cAritrika pakSa para bhI AkramaNa kiyA karatI thiiN| jaise dropadI ke pUrva bhava meM AryikA ke rUpa meM tapasyA ke samaya unake sAmane ke vRkSa tale sthita eka jAra pA~ca puruSoM meM anurakta thI; aura jise dekhakara dropadI ke jIva ne pA~ca pati kA nidAna bA~dhA thaa| parantu, kAlAntara meM yaha pravRtti jaMgaloM se haTakara, hoTaloM, zaharoM ke madhya va dharmazAlA meM simttii| to bhraSTa sAdhuoM kI tIvra kAma va lokepaNA kI cAha ne bhI apane sAdhya ke pAsa rahanA prArambha kiyaa| jaina zramaNa vasatikA ke 46 doSa-udgama, utpAdana evaM eSaNA janya doSoM se bacate hue eka grAma meM eka rAta aura nagara meM pA~ca rAta taka rahate haiM, ve sAdhu dhairyavAna, prAsuka bihArI haiN|247 parantu SaDthratuoM meM eka-eka mAsa rahane kA bhI vidhAna milatA hai| varSAkAla meM ASAr3ha zukla caudasa se kArtika kRSNa pUrNimA taka eka sthAna meM rahate haiN| prayojanavaza

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vizrAma caryA 239 adhika bhI rahate haiN| paristhitivaza isa kAla meM hAni- vRddhi bhI hotI hai| jaina zramaNa aniyatavihArI aura atithi kahalAte haiN| arthAt unakI kahIM bhI jAne kI tithi nizcita nahIM hotI hai| parantu Aja to eka- do mahIne taka ke kAryakrama chapakara pracArita hote haiM, nAriyala dekara cAturmAsa nizcita karAkara chapavA kara prasArita kiyA jAtA hai| yaha eka jagaha evaM tithi ke pratibandhana haiN| jaina zramaNa kisI ke prati uttaradAyI evaM baMdhe hue nahIM hote haiN| jo nAriyala svIkRta karate haiN| vaha jainadharma ke pariprekSya meM ucita nahIM hai| cAturmAsa ke lie nAriyala bheMTa karane kI prathA samAja dvArA sambhavataH isalie pracalita huyI hogI; tAki sAdhu usa samAja kI sAmUhika bhakti evaM 4 mahIne taka saMgha ke bhAra vahana kI kSamatA se paricita hokara amuka zahara/gA~va meM apanA mAnasika nirNaya kara skeN| parantu usa nirNaya ko udghopita nahIM karate haiM, kyoMki isase unakA satyamahAvrata evaM aniyata-vihAra saMkaTa meM par3a jAtA hai| satyamahAvratI hone se kisI ko gamanAgamana kA vacana nahIM dete haiN| zramaNa kI aisI utkRSTa tapomaya vihAra va vizrAma caryA hotI hai| vasatikA ke chayAlIsa doSa :udgama ke doSa - vasatikA ke udgama se sambandhita daza doSa isa prakAra se haiN| vRkSa kATanA, kATakara lAnA, IMTe pakAnA, jamIna khodanA, patthara bAlU vagairaha se gaDhDhA bharanA, jamIna kUTanA, kIcar3a karanA, khambhe khar3e karanA, agni se lohe ko tapAkara pITanA, ArA se lakaDI cIranA, visole se chAnanA, kulhAr3I se kATanA, ityAdi kAryoM se chaha kAya ke jIvoM ko bAdhA dekara jo vasatikA svayaM banAyI ho athavA dUsaroM se banavAyI ho vaha vasatikA adhaHkarma ke doSa se yukta hotI hai| jitane dIna, anAtha kRpaNa athavA sAdhu AyeMge, athavA nirgantha muni AyeMge athavA anya tApasI AyeMge, una saba ke lie yaha vasatikA hogI, isa uddezya se banAyI gayI vasatikA uddezika doSa se yukta hotI hai| apane lie ghara banavAte samaya "yaha koTharI sAdhuoM ke lie hogI" aisA mana meM vicArakara banavAyI gayI vasatikA abbhobbhava doSa se yukta hotI hai| apane ghara ke lie lAye gaye bahuta kASThAdi meM zramaNoM ke liye lAye hue kASThAdi milAkara banavAyI gayI vasatikA pUtikA doSa se yukta hotI hai| anya sAdhu athavA gRhasthoM ke lie ghara banavAnA Arambha karane para pIche sAdhuoM ke uddezya se hI kASThA AdikA mizraNa karake banavAyI gayI vasatikA mizra doSa se dUSita hotI hai| apane lie banavAye hue ghara ko pIche saMyatoM ke lie de dene se vaha ghara sthApita doSa se dUSita hotA hai| muni itane dinoM meM AyeMge jisa dina ve AyeMge usa dina saba ghara ko lIpa potakara svaccha kareMge aisA mana meM saMkalpa karake jisa dina muni kA gamana ho usI dina vasatikA ko sApha karanA pAhuDiga doSa hai| muni ke Agamana se pahale saMskArita vasatikA prAduSkRta doSa se dUSita hotI hai| jisa ghara meM bahuta aMdherA ho muniyoM ke lie prakAza lAne ke nimitta se usakI dIvAra meM cheda karanA, lakar3I kA paTiyA haTAnA, usameM dIpaka jalAnA,

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240 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA yaha pAdukAra doSa hai| kharIde hue ghara ke do bheda haiM-dravyakIta aura bhaavkriim| gAya baila, vagairaha sacitta padArtha lekara athavA gur3a khAMDa vagairaha acitta padArtha dekara kharIdA huA makAna dravyakrIta hai| vidyA maMtra vagairaha dekara kharIdA huA makAna bhAvakrIta hai| binA byAja para athavA byAja para thor3A sA karjA karake muniyoM ke lie kharIdA huA makAna pAmiccha doSa se dUSita hotA hai| Apa mere ghara meM raheM aura apanA ghara muniyoM ke lie de deM, isa prakAra se liyA huA makAna parivarta doSa se dUSita hotA hai| apane ghara kI dIvAra ke lie jo stambha Adi taiyAra kiye hoM, vaha saMyatoM ke lie lAnA abhyAhata nAmaka doSa hai| isa doSa ke do bheda haiM-Acarita aura anaacrit| jo sAmagrI dUra deza se athavA anya grAma se lAyI gayI ho usako anAcarita kahate haiM aura jo aisI nahIM ho use Acarita kahate haiN| IMTa, miTTI, bAr3A, kivAr3a athavA patthara se DhakA huA ghara kholakara muniyoM ke lie denA udibhanna doSa hai| nasainI vagairaha se car3hakara "Apa yahA~ Aiye, yaha vasatikA Apake lie hai" aisA kahakara saMyatoM ko dUsarI athavA tIsarI maMjila rahane ke lie denA mAlAroha nAmaka doSa hai| rAjA maMtrI vagairaha kA bhaya dikhAkara dUsare kAmakAna vagairaha muniyoM ke lie dilAnA achedya nAmaka doSa hai| anisRSTa doSa ke do bheda haiM-jise dene kA adhikAra nahIM hai aise gRhasvAmI ke dvArA jo vasatikA dI jAtI hai vaha anisRSTa doSa se dUSita hai| utpAdana ke doSa jaise dhAya ke pA~ca kAma hote haiN| koI dhAya bAlaka ko snAna karAtI hai, koI AbhUSaNa pahanAtI hai, koI usakA mana khela se prasanna karatI hai, koI usako bhojana karAtI hai, aura koI usako sulAtI hai| vaise hI ina dhAtrI karmoM meM se kisI kAma kA gRhastha ko upadeza dekara usase vasatikA prApta karanA dhAtrI doSa hai| anya grAma, anya nagara, deza, dezAntara ke samAcAra kahakara prApta kI gaI vasatikA dUtakarma doSa se dUSita hai| aMga, svara, vyaMjana, lakSaNa, chinna, bhauma,svapna aura antarikSa ye ATha mahAnimitta haiN| ina ATha mahAnimittoM ke dvArA zubhAzubha phala batalAkara prApta kI gayI vasatikA nimitta doSa se dUSita hai| apanI jAti, kula aizvarya, vagairaha kA mAhAtmya batalAkara prApta kI gayI vasatikA AjIvaka doSa se dRSita hai| bhagavAna, saba ko AhAra dAna dene se aura vasatikA ke dAna se kyA mahAna puNya kI prApti nahIM hotI? aisA zrAvaka kA prazna sunakara zrAvaka ke anukUla uttara dekara vasatikA prApta karanA banIpaka doSa hai| ATha prakAra kI cikitsA karake vasatikA prApta karanA cikitsA doSa hai| krodha Adi se prApta kI gaI vasatikA krodhAdhutpAdi doSa se dUSita hai| "Ane-jAne vAle muniyoM ko ApakA hI ghara Azraya hai" aisI stuti karake prApta kI gaI vasatikA pUrvastuti nAmaka doSa se dUSita hai| vasatikA chor3ate samaya "Age bhI kabhI sthAna mila sake" isa hetu se gRhastha kI stuti karanA pazcAt stuti nAmaka doSa hai| vidyA maMtra vagairaha ke prayoga se gRhastha ko vaza meM karake vasatikA prApta karanA vidyAdi doSa hai| bhinna jAti kI kanyA ke sAtha sambandha milAkara vasatikA prApta karanA athavA viraktoM ko anurakta karake unase vasatikA prApta karanA mUlakarma doSa hai| isa prakAra ye solaha utpAdana

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vizrAma caryA 241 doSa haiN| eSaNA ke doSa yaha vasatikA yogya hai athavA nahIM aisI zaMkA jisameM ho vaha vasatikA zaMkita doSa se duSTa hai| usI samaya lIpI-potI gayI yA dhoI gayI vasatikA bhrakSita doSa se dUSita hai| sacitta, pRthivI, jala, agni, vanaspati, vagairaha athavA trasa jIvoM ke Upara Asana vagairaha rakhakara "yahA~ Apa vizrAma kareM" aisA kahakara dI gayI vasatikA nikSipta doSa se dUSita hai| sacitta miTTI vagairaha ke AcchAdana ko haTAkara dI gayI vasatikA pihita doSa se daSita hai| lakaDI vagairaha ko ghasITa kara le jAte hue puruSa ke dvArA batalAyI gayI vasatikA sAdhAraNa doSa se duSTa hai| maraNa ke azauca yA janma ke azauca se yukta gRhastha ke dvArA athavA rogI gRhastha ke dvArA dI gayI vasatikA dAyaka doSa se dUSita hai| sthAvara jIvoM aura prasa jIvoM se yukti vasatikA anmizra doSa se dUSita hai| muniyoM ko jitane zarIra pramANa jamIna grahaNa karanA cAhie usase adhika jamIna grahaNa karanA pramANAtireka doSa hai| isa pramANa meM havA ThaMDa yA garmI vagairaha kA upadrava hai aisI burAI karate hue vasatikA meM rahanA dhUma doSa hai| yaha vasatikA vizAla hai, isameM vAyu kA upadrava nahIM hai, yaha bahuta acchI hai, aisA mAnakara usake Upara rAga bhAva rakhanA iMgAla doSa hai|248 isa prakAra udgama utpAdana aura eSaNA doSa se rahita vasatikA muniyoM ke yogya hai| varSAkAla : jaina zramaNa yadyapi nirantara calate rahate haiM, tathApi kisI kAla-vizeSa meM yadi unake pada vihAra se jIvoM kA ghAta ho rahA ho, to unake upakArArtha va apane aTThAisa mUlaguNoM ke saMrakSaNArtha vihAra bhI nahIM karate haiN| sAdhu ke vihAra ke daurAna yaha sthiti varSARtu meM AtI hai| jaba ve apane vihAra ko virAma dete haiN| yaha virAma avadhi cAra mAha kI hotI hai| varSARtu meM sAdhu ke vihAra kI virAmavRtti usake lie anivArya va mahatvapUrNa aMga hai| ve ina cAra mAha eka hI sthAna para rahakara bhramaNa kA tyAga kara dete haiN|249 isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki varSARtu meM sUkSma-sthUla sabhI prakAra ke jIvoM se yaha pRthvI vyApta rahatI hai| usa samaya vihAra karane para mahAn asaMyama rahatA hai| varSA aura zIta vAyu kA prakopa tathA vApI aura jalAzayoM meM girane kA bhaya rahatA hai| jalAdi meM chipe hue lUMTha, kaNTaka, Adi se kaSTa pahu~catA hai|250 isa taraha kA vivecana zvetAmbarIya sampradAya meM prApta hotA hai| ina paristhitiyoM ko dekhakara (zve. ) AcarAMga sUtra meM kahA ki muni ko varSAkAla meM eka grAma se dUsare grAma taka vihAra nahIM karanA caahie| apitu varSAkAla meM yathAvasara prApta vasati meM hI saMyata rahakara varSAvAsa karanA caahie|251

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242 jaina zramaNa : svaspa aura samIkSA zvetAmbara paramparA meM "paryuSaNa kalpa" nAma se varSAvAsa kA svarUpa varNana milatA hai| vRhatkalpa bhASya meM isako "saMvatsara" nAma se kahA gayA hai|252 parantu digambara paramparA meM yaha "varSAyoga" dhAraNa karanA yA cAturmAsa Adi se prasiddha hai| lekina yaha nAma to cAra mahInoM ko ekatrita karake diyA gayA hai| varSa ke bAraha mahInoM meM grISmaRtu (caita, vaizAkha, jeTha, ASAr3ha), varSARtu (zrAvaNa, bhAdrapada, azvina, kArtika), zItaRtu (mArgazIrSa, pauSa, mAgha, phAlguna ), ina tIna rUpa meM mausama kI dRSTi se vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| inhIM meM cAra mAsa ke yoga rUpa varSARtu ko "cAturmAsa" zabda se rUr3ha kiyA gayA hai| yaha cAturmAsa kA samaya adhyayana aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se zramaNa va zrAvaka donoM ke lie atyanta mahatvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| vizeSa rUpa se yaha samaya zrAvakoM ke lie utanA hI hitakArI va mahatvapUrNa hai, jitanA ki mayUra ke lie megha tathA kamala ke lie sUryodaya vikAsa kA sandeza lie AtA hai| isa taraha se zramaNa zrAvakoM para varSARtu meM amRta kI varSA karate hue (tatvopadeza se amaratva kI varSA ) cAturmAsa taka kaSAyoM ke abhAvapUrvaka caturgati ke abhAva kA divya sandeza bhavyarUpI cAtakoM ko diyA karate haiN| varSAyoga grahaNa-tyAga : ahiMsA mahAvrata ke dhArI jaina zramaNa gamanAgamana ke lie eka kSetra vizeSa kI maryAdA bA~dha lete haiN| isI se eka kSetra vizeSa meM varSA ke yoga kI sthApanA bhI karate haiN| parantu, cAraNa RddhidhArI munirAja, jinake ki pairoM se jIvoM kA ghAta nahIM hotA hai, ve varSA Rtu meM eka kSetra vizeSa kI hI maryAdA nahIM bAMdhate haiN| jaise ki cArudatta ke yahA~ saptarSi cAraNa RddhidhArI munirAja vakAla meM Ae the, yaha padmapurANa ke 92 sarga ke eka kathA prasaMga se siddha haiM (dekheM dIkSA kI pAtratA ke prakaraNa meM isa kathAnaka kA uddharaNa ) / isa varSA yoga kI vidhi kA spaSTa varNana mUlAcAra Adi meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| parantu paNDita AzAdhara jI isakI vidhi batalAte hue kahate haiM ki "ASADha zuklA caturdazI kI rAtri ke prathama prahara meM pUrva Adi cAroM dizAoM meM pradakSiNA krama se laghu caityabhakti cAra bAra paDhakara siddha bhakti, yogi bhakti, paMca guru bhakti aura zAnti bhakti karate hue AcArya Adi sAdhuoM ko varSAyoga grahaNa karanA caahie| aura kArtika kRSNa caturdazI kI rAtri ke pichale prahara meM isI vidhi se varSAyoga ko choDanA caahie|253 __ isako aura vistAra dete hue AzAdhara kahate haiM ki, jisa jagaha para varSAyoga karanA hai, usa jagaha ASAr3ha ke mahIne taka cale jAnA cAhie aura mArgazIrSa mahInA vyatIta karane para varSAyoga ke sthAna ko choDa denA caahie| tathA kitanA hI prayojana kyoM na ho, parantu zrAvaNa kRSNa caturthI taka vahA~ avazya pahu~ca jAnA caahie| aura pratyeka sthiti meM kArtika zuklA paMcamI taka varSAyoga ke sthAna para cale jAnA caahie| yadi kisI durnivAra upasarga Adi ke kAraNa varSAyoga ke ukta prayoga meM atikrama karanA par3e, to sAdhu-saMgha ko prAyazcitta lenA caahie|254

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saMgha meM Agantuka zramaNa 243 zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agama sAhitya meM thor3I sI pRthakatA hai| vahA~ kahA hai ki "mAsakalpa se vicarate hue zramaNoM ko ASADha mAsa kI pUrNimA ko cAturmAsa ke lie kalpatA hai|255 kalpaniyukti meM kahA ki ASADha mAsa kI pUrNimA taka niyata sthAna para pahu~cakara zrAvaNa kRSNa paMcamI se varSAvAsa prArambha kara denA caahie| upayukta kSetra na milane para zrAvaNa kRSNa dasamI se pA~ca-pA~ca dina baDhAte-baDhAte bhAdra zukla paMcamI taka to nizcita hI varSAvAsa prArambha kara denA cAhie, isa tithi kA ullaMghana nahIM karanA caahie| saMgha meM Agantuka zramaNa : jaba koI zramaNa/AcArya sallekhanA ke lie yA vizeSa sAdhanA athavA jJAna prApti ke lie apane saMgha se AjJA lekara apane isa uddezya kI pUrti hetu kisI anya gaNa meM jAtA hai, to aisA zramaNa anya gaNa ke AcArya va zramaNoM ke lie atithi yA Agantuka zramaNa kahalAtA hai| aise zramaNa kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana mUlAcAra tathA bhagavartI ArAdhanA meM dekhane ko milatA hai| "jJAna dhyAna taporaktaH" svarUpa vAle jaina zramaNoM ucca va vizeSa jJAna kI abhilASA se anya gaNoM meM jAne ke ullekhoM ke varNana prAyaH jaina purANoM meM dekhane ko mila jAte haiN| SaDkhaNDAgama ke racayitA bhUtavali puSpadanta bhI vizeSa jJAna prApti kI icchA se dharasenAcArya pAsa gaye the| tathA dharasenAcArya ne bhI saMgha meM zAmila karane ke pUrva una dvaya munirAjoM kI / vidhivat parIkSA le lI thii| tatpazcAt hI unheM saMgha meM zikSA hetu zAmila kiyA thaa| jaba koI zramaNa apane guru se sampUrNa zruta par3ha cukA hotA hai, to vaha dhIra, vIra, vidyA, bala aura utsAha Adi sabhI guNoM se yukta hotA huA, apane gurU ke pAsa Akara, vinayapUrvaka mana-vacana-kAya se praNAma karake prayatna pUrvaka unase dUsare saMgha meM jAne kI anumati mA~gatA huA kahatA hai ki---"he guro! Apake caraNoM kI kRpA se aba maiM anya Ayatana (jJAna yogya AcArya) ko prApta karanA cAhatA huuN|" isa taraha se vaha isa viSaya meM eka bAra hI nahIM, tIna, pA~ca athavA chaha bAra taka pU~chatA hai| kAraNa ki, bAra-bAra pUchane se viziSTa jJAna prApta karane meM apanA utsAha tathA AcArya ke prati vizeSa vinaya prakaTa hotA hai| vaha muni apane pUjya guru se pUchakara aura AjJA prAptakara apane sahita cAra, tIna athavA do muni sAtha lekara vahA~ ko vihAra karatA hai| akele jAnA ucita nahIM hai|20| isI kAraNa bhUtavali va puSpadanta munirAja akele na jAkara do sAtha gaye the| jaba koI sAdhu samAdhimaraNa kI bhAvanA se apane gaNa meM dravya-kSetra Adi kI dRSTi se anukUlatA nahIM pAtA hai, to vaha guru kI AjJA se dUsare gaNa meM anukUla vAtAvaraNa aura yogya AcArya ke sAnnidhya meM samAdhimaraNa karane jA sakatA hai| parantu dUsare gaNa ke AcArya Agantuka kSapaka kI prakRti, prayojana Adi bhalI-bhA~ti jAnakara tathA gaNastha zramaNoM

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244 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA se samAdhimaraNa karAne hetu vicAra vimarza karake hI svIkRti dete haiN| zramaNa dUsare saMgha meM jaba prayojana-vaza pahu~catA hai, to usako Ate dekhakara gaNa ke AcArya evaM sabhI zramaNa, usake prati sammAna, vAtsalya, jina-AjJA, saMgraha (grahaNa ) evaM unheM praNAma karane hetu tatkAla uThakara khaDe ho jAte haiN|298 tathA sAta kadama Age bar3hakara usake prati Adara aura harSa bhAva vyakta karake paraspara praNAma karate haiN| aura apane sAtha lAkara yogya karaNIya kAryoM meM sampanna karake samyagdarzana, jJAna-caritra rUpa ratnatraya Adi ke nirvighna AcaraNa kI kuzalatA ke prazna pUchate haiN| tatpazcAt usa dina to vaha Agantuka vizrAma karatA hai|260 athAnantara tIna dina taka use Avazyaka kriyAoM, saMstara, malamUtra-visarjana sthala Adi tathA svAdhyAya Adi ke viSaya meM jAnakArI evaM ina sabhI kAryoM meM parIkSA hetu usake sAtha rahakara use sahayoga diyA jAtA hai|261 Agantuka va gaNastha zramaNa paraspara meM pratilekhana, bhikSA, svAdhyAya, pratikramaNa tathA teraha kriyAoM Adi ke jJAna evaM inake AcaraNa kI vizuddhatA Adi kI parIkSA karate haiN| Agantuka zramaNa se santuSTa hokara dUsare yA tIsare dina usake dvArA nivedana kiye gaye prayojana ke anusAra, tathA usakA sampUrNa paricaya Adi prApta karake aura vinIta, utsAhI tathA buddhimAna samajha kara, use svIkAra karake apane jJAna kI sAmarthyAnusAra paDhAnA prArambha karate haiN|262 isI taraha se pUrNa santuSTi hone para hI Agantuka zramaNa ziSya rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| zarIra tyAga (samAdhi maraNa): Ayu karma ke kSaya se eka zarIra ko chor3akara anya zarIra ko grahaNa karanA maraNa kahalAtA hai| zarIra ke prati ati Asakti vAle saMkleza bhAva se jinakA zarIra chUTa jAtA hai, vaha maraNa kahalAtA hai| parantu jo ati sAhasa se deza yA samAja kI rakSA bhAva se parahita rakSArtha buddhipUrvaka zarIra kA tyAga karate haiM vaha "vIra gati" kahalAtI hai| lekina jo dharmabuddhi se, svataH nAza ko prApta ho rahI zarIra kI avasthA ko dekhakara, usake aise hI svarUpa kA vicAra karate hue, nirAsakta hote hue dhIra- vIra bhAva se zarIra kA tyAga karate haiM, aura nayA zarIra karmodaya vaza prApta hotA hai, use pratyAkhyAna, sallekhanA, samAdhimaraNa Adi nAmoM se kahA jAtA hai| zramaNa aisA hI maraNa karate haiM, parantu jo aisA karate hue nayA zarIra grahaNa nahIM karate haiM use nirvANa kahate haiN| jisake hone para siddha dazA prApta hotI hai| ativRddha yA asAdhya roga ho jAne para, athavA apratikArya upasarga A jAne para athavA durbhikSa Adi ke hone para sAdhaka sAmya bhAva pUrvaka antaraMga kaSAyoM kA samyak prakAra se damana karate hue, bhojana Adi kA tyAga karake, dhIre-dhIre zarIra ko kRza karate hue, isakA tyAga kara dete haiN| ise hI sallekhanA yA samAdhi maraNa kahate haiN| sabhyagdRSTi janoM ko yaha

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samAdhimaraNa 245 dazA sambhava hone se ise paNDita maraNa kahate haiN| zarIra ke prati jo svabhAva se hI upekSita hai, aise zrAvaka va sAdhu ko aise avasaroM para athavA Ayu pUrNa hone para hI isa prakAra kI vIratA kA tyAga yogya hai| ise AtmahatyA kaMhanA nyAyocita nahIM hai| rAga-dveSa aura moha se yukta hokara jo viSa aura zastra Adi upakaraNoM kA prayoga karake unase apanA ghAta karatA hai use AtmaghAta kA doSa lagatA hai parantu sallekhanA ko prApta hue jIva ke rAgAdika nahIM hai| ataH ise AtmaghAta kA doSa prApta nahIM hotA hai|263 rAgAdika kA honA hI hiMsA hai|264 maraNa kisI ko bhI iSTa nahIM hai| jaise, nAnA prakAra kI vikraya vastu ke dene, lene aura saMcaya meM lage hue kisI vyApArI ko apane dhana kA nAza honA iSTa nahIM hai| phira bhI paristhitivaza usake vinAza ke kAraNa upasthiti hoM, to yathAzakti vaha unako dUra karatA hai| itane para bhI yadi ve dUra na ho sakeM to, jisase vikraya vastu kA nAza na ho, aisA prayatna karatA hai| isI prakAra vrata aura zIla meM juTA huA vyakti inake AdhArabhUta Ayu kA patana nahIM caahtaa| yadi kadAcit unake vinAza ke kAraNa upasthita ho jAeM, to jisase apane guNoM meM bAdhA nahIM par3e, isa prakAra unako dUra karane kA prayatna karatA hai| itane para bhI yadi ve dUra na ho to jisase apane guNoM kA ghAta na ho isa prakAra kA prayatna karatA hai| ataH ise AtmaghAta nahIM kaha skte|265 sallekhanAgata sAdhu ko kSapaka kahate haiN| pIr3AoM ke prApti kI sambhAvanA hetu isa vidhi meM niryApakoM, paricArakoM, vaiyAvRtti, upadeza Adi kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| ina saba kA sampUrNa vivecana kramazaH prastuta hai| . bhalI-bhA~ti kAya aura kapAya kA lekhana arthAt kRza karanA sallekhanA hai, arthAt bAhya zarIra kA, aura bhItarI kaSAyoM ko, kRza karanA sallekhanA kahI gayI hai| uttarottara kAya aura kaSAya ko puSTa karane vAle kAraNoM ko ghaTAte hue bhale prakAra se lekhana karanA arthAt kRza karanA sallekhanA hai|260 yaha sallekhanA do prakAra kI hotI hai| "Atma saMskAra ke anantara usake lie hI krodhAdi kapAya rahita ananta jJAnAdi guNa lakSaNa paramAtma padArtha meM sthita hokara rAgAdi vikalpoM ko kRza karanA bhAva sallekhanA hai, aura usa bhAva sallekhanA ke lie kAyakleza rUpa anuSThAna karanA arthAt bhojana Adi kA tyAga karake zarIra ko kRza karanA dravya sallekhanA hai| ina donoM rUpa AcaraNa karanA sallekhanA kAla hai|267 __ zarIra tyAga ke lie praveza karane se pUrva meM pratijJA svarUpa yaha saMkalpa liyA jAtA hai ki "nirvikalpa sAmAyika ko svIkAra karate hue apane sampUrNa atIta, anAgata evaM vartamAna ke duzcaritoM ko mana-vacana-kAya se tyAga karatA huuN|" evaM ca bAhya-Abhyantara parigraha ko, zarIra Adi ko aura bhojana, sabhI ko mana-vacana-kAya pUrvaka tIna prakAra se tyAgatA huuN| isa prakAra vahiraMga samasta hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi pApa evaM pApoM ke viSayoM kA tyAga

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA pUrvaka sAmAyika sthita bhramaNa kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA ki merA "sabhI jIvoM meM samatAbhAva hai, merA kisI ke sAtha vaira nahIM hai, " sampUrNa AzAoM ko tyAgatA huA kahatA hai ki, sabhI jIvoM ko maiM kSamA karatA hU~, sabhI jIva mujheM kSamA kareM, sabhI jIvoM ke sAtha merA maitrI bhAva hai, merA kisI ke sAtha vairabhAva nahIM hai / evaM vaha zramaNa mAtra vaira kA hI tyAga nahIM karatA hai| apitu vaira ke nimitta rAga kA anubandha, prakRSTa drepa, harSa, dIna bhAva, utsukatA, bhaya, zoka, rati, aura arati kA bhI tyAga karatA hai| 268 isa prakAra mamatva ko chor3atA huA nirmamatva ko prApta usa zramaNa ke lie AtmA ke jJAna, darzana, cAritra meM sthiti kA nAma hI pratyAkhyAna hai| 246 isa prakAra kA pratyAkhyAna Acarate hue sampUrNa pramAdoM ko chor3ane ke abhiprAya se sAta bhaya, ATha mada, cAra saMjJA, tIna gaurava, taitIMsa AsAdanA tathA rAga-dveSa kI garhA karatA hai| Atma-saMskAra kAla se sanyAsa kAla taka kI AlocanA ke lie vaha nindA karane yogya kI nindA karatA hai, garhA karane yogya doSa kI garhA karatA hai, tathA bAhya - Abhyantara parigraha sahita sampUrNa upadhi kI AlocanA karatA hai; aura yaha AlocanA bAlaka jaisI hotI hai, arthAt jaise bAlaka pUrvApara viveka se rahita hokara bolatA hai, apane prayojanabhUta arthAt ucita kArya ko tathA aprayojanabhUta arthAt anucita kArya ko sarala bhAva se kaha detA hai, usI prakAra se apane kucha doSoM ko chipAne rUpa mAyA aura asatya vacana ko chor3akara AlocanA karatA hai / aura yaha AlocanA, jJAna darzana - tapa aura cAritra ina cAroM meM bhI avicala hai, dhIra haiM, Agama meM nipuNa haiN| aura gupta doSoM ko prakaTa karane vAle nahIM haiM aise AcArya ke samakSa karanI caahie| yogya AcArya ke samakSa apanI AlocanA karake punaH kSamA yAcanA karate hue kahatA hai ki jo maiMne rAga se apane dveSa se na karane yogya kArya kiyA hai, pramAda se jisake prati kucha bhI kahA hai una saba se maiM kSamA yAcanA karatA hU~ / " athAnantara vaha sanyAsa vidhi meM udyata hotA hai| sanyAsa vidhi meM udyata hone kA nirdeza batalAte hue AcArya zivArya kahate haiM ki "mahAprayatna se cikitsA karane yogya aisA koI duruttara hone para, zrAmaNya kI hAni karane vAlI atizaya vRddhAvasthA Ane para athavA niH pratikAra deva, manuSya va tiryaMca kRta upasarga A par3ane para, bhayaMkara duSkAla A par3ane para, hiMsaka pazuoM se pUrNa bhayAnaka vana meM dizA bhUla jAne para, A~kha, kAna va jaMghA bala atyanta kSINa ho jAne para ( isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki bhramaNa cazmA va DolI kA upayoga nahIM kara sakate haiM) bhakta pratyAkhyAna ke yogya samajha jAte haiN|269 parantu pUrva meM kahe gaye sarva kAraNa upasthita na hone para bhI muni maraNa kI icchA karegA, to vaha muni cAritra se virakta hI samajhanA caahie| 270 isa sallekhanA kI bhAvanA va abhyAsa jIvana paryanta karanA cAhie kyoMki anabhyAsa vaza anta samaya sallekhanA dharanA atyanta kaThina hotA hai| maraNa samaya meM ratnatraya kI

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samAdhimaraNa 247 virAdhanA karane se virAdhaka ko dIrghakAla taka saMsAra meM bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| parantu dIkSA, zikSA Adi meM virAdhanA ho gayI ho, to bhI maraNa kAla meM ratnatraya rUpa pariNati karanA caahie| tathApi itane kAloM meM kI gayI ArAdhanA bhI viphala nahIM hotI, usase kama kA saMvara va nirjarA hotI hai| 271 sallekhanA maraNa ke do bheda hote haiM-(1) savicAra bhakta pratyAkhyAna (2) avicAra bhakta prtyaakhyaan| jo zramaNa utsAha va balayukta haiM, jinakA kucha kAla ke anantara maraNa hogA, unake savicAra maraNa hotA hai| isake viparIta akasmAt maraNa ke A jAne para parAkrama rahita sAdhu kA maraNa avicAra bhakta pratyAkhyAna hai| "utkRSTa bhakta pratyAkhyAna maraNa kI icchA rakhane vAle muni jyotiSa zAstra athavA nimitta zAstroM se yA anya kisI bhI upAyoM se apanI Ayu kA nirNaya kara lete haiM, ki hamArI Ayu bAraha varSa pramANa raha gayI hai; athavA isase kama raha gayI hai, kyoMki bAraha varSa se adhika Ayu rahane para sallekhanA ke niyama nahIM raha sakate haiN|212 ye zramaNa bAraha varSoM meM se prArambha ke cAra varSa to vividha rUpa se anazana, avamaudarya, sarvatobhadra Adi tapoM kA-anuSThAna karate hue sampUrNa karate haiN| tathA Age ke cAra varSa rasaparityAga nAmaka tapa se. pUrNa karate haiN| punaH do varSa taka kabhI alpa AhAra kabhI nIrasa AhAra karate hue vyatIta karate haiN| pazcAt eka varSa taka alpa AhAra lete hue pUrNa karate haiN| Age ke chaha mahIne taka utkRSTa tapa karate hue bAraha varSa pUrNa karate hue zarIra tyAgate sallekhanA karane vAle yadi AcArya hoM to ve jaba taka Ayu kA anta nikaTa na Ave, taba taka apane gaNa ke hita kI cintA karate haiN| apanI Ayu abhI kitanI rahI hai, isakA vicAra kara tadanantara apane ziSya samudAya ko aura apane sthAna meM jisakI sthApanA kI hai, aise bAlAcArya ko bulAkara saumya tithi, karaNa, nakSatra aura lagna ke samaya, zubha pradeza meM, apane guNa ke samAna jisake guNa haiM, aisA vaha bAlAcArya gaccha kA pAlana karane ke lie yogya hai- aisA vicAra kara usa para apane gaNa ko visarjita karate haiM, aura usa samaya use thor3A-sA upadeza bhI dete haiN| tathA svayaM alaga hokara bAla vRddha Adi muniyoM se pUrNa aise gaNa se mana-vacana-kAya se vaha AcArya kSamA mAMgate haiN| he munigaNa! tumhAre sAtha merA dIrghakAla taka samparka rhaa| maiMne mamatva se, sneha se, dveSa se, Apako kaTu aura kaThora vacana kahe hoNge| isalie Apa saba mere Upara kSamA kareMge aisI AzA hai| vaha kSapaka apane mastaka para do hAtha rakhakara sarva saMgha ko namaskAra karate haiM aura sAdharmikoM meM anurAga utpanna karate hue kSamA grahaNa karate haiN| mana-vacana aura kAya ke dvArA jo-jo aparAdha maiMne kiye haiM, unake liye Apa loga mujhe kSamA kro|

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248 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA AcArya sallekhanA kabhI apane saMgha meM nahIM karate haiN| apane saMgha meM sallekhanA karane se hone vAle doSoM ko batalAte hue AcArya zivArya kahate haiM ki-"AcArya, ArAdhanA ke nimitta paragaNa kI icchA mana meM dhAraNa karate haiN| sva-saMgha meM rahane se AjJAkopa, kaThora vacana, kalaha, dukha, viSAda, kheda vagairaha, nirbhayatA, sneha, kAruNya, dhyAnavighna aura asamAdhi ye doSa utpanna hote haiN| jaba AcArya anya gaNa meM jAte haiM, taba usa gaNastha muniyoM ko ve upadeza-AjJA nahIM karate, jisase unake dvArA AjJA bhaMga kA prasaMga nahIM AtA hai| aura yadi kadAcit AjJAbhaMga ho bhI jAe to bhI "ina para to maiMne koI upakAra kiyA nahIM hai, jo ki ye merI AjJA mAneM" aisA vicAra kara unako vahA~ asamAdhi doSa utpanna nahIM hotA hai| athavA apane saMgha meM kSullakAdi muni, kalaha, zoka, santApAdi paraspara meM karate hue dekhakara AcArya kI apane saMgha ke prati mamatA hone se citta kI ekAgratA naSTa ho jaaegii| samAdhi-maraNa udyata AcArya ko bhUkha-pyAsa, vagairaha kA dukha sahana karanA caahie| parantu ve apane saMgha meM rahakara nirbhaya hokara AhAra jala vagairaha padArthoM kI yAcanA kareMge, athavA svayaM AhArAdi kA sevana kareMge, aura bhaya va lajjA rahita hokara chor3I huyI ayogya vastuoM kA bhI grahaNa kreNge| svagaNa meM rahane vAle AcAryoM ko ye doSa hoMge, tathA jo AcArya ke samAna upAdhyAya tathA pravartaka muni haiM unheM bhI svagaNa meM rahane se ye doSa hoNge| saMsAra bhIrU, pApa bhIrU aura Agama ke jJAtA AcArya ke caraNamUla meM hI vaha yati samAdhi maraNodyamI hokara ArAdhanA (sallekhanA) kI siddhi karatA hai|273 aba zramaNa dUsare saMgha meM sallekhanA ke lie jAte haiM to vaha ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA ke lie utsAhI hai yA nahIM, isakI parIkSA karake athavA miSTha AhAroM meM yaha abhilaSita hai yA virakta, isakI parIkSA karake hI AcArya use anujJA dene kA nirNaya karate haiN| isakI samAdhi nirvighna samApta hogI yA nahIM, isa viSaya kA bhI AcArya zubhAzubha nimittoM se nirNaya kara lete haiN| kSapaka ke pariNAmoM kI saralatA kI pahicAna ke lie usakI tIna bAra sampUrNa AlocanA sopAya pU~Thate haiM, yadi tInoM bAra eka sI AlocanA kahatA hai to sarala svabhAva kA mAna lete haiN| yogya niryApaka: jisa prakAra niryApaka, yogya zramaNa ko samAdhi maraNa dete haiN| usI prakAra zramaNa bhI yogya niryApaka se hI samAdhi maraNa lete haiN| jo samAdhi maraNa letA hai vaha 500, 600, athavA 700 athavA isase bhI adhika yojana taka vihAra karake zAstrokta niryApaka kI khoja karatA hai| vaha eka, do, tIna varSa se lekara bAraha varSa taka khedayukta na hotA huA jinAgama se niti niryApakAcArya kA anveSaNa karatA hai| niryApakatva kI zodha karane ke lie vihAra karane se kSapaka ko AcArazAstra, jIta zAstra, aura kalpazAstra inake guNoM kA prakAzana hotA hai| AtmA kI zuddhi hotI hai, saMkleza pariNAma naSTa hote haiN| Arjava, mArdava, Adi dharma prakaTa hote haiN|214 eka niryApaka eka hI sallekhanA lene vAle zramaNa ko eka

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samAdhimaraNa 249 kAla meM grahaNa karatA hai| sallekhanA prApta ho rahe kSapaka ko, 48 niryApaka aura kama se kama 4 niryApaka sallekhanA karA sakate haiN| kadAcit cAra muni bhI na mila sakeM to do muni avazya hI honA cAhie, kyoMki eka niryApaka kA vidhAna Agama meM nahIM hai| balki eka niryApaka hotA hai to niryApaka ke dvArA AtmA kA bhI tyAga hotA hai, kSapaka kA bhI tyAga hotA hai aura pravacana ' kA bhI tyAga hotA hai, tathA duHkha uThAnA hotA hai| kSapaka kA asamAdhipUrvaka maraNa hotA hai, dharma meM dUSaNa lagatA hai aura durgati hotI hai|275 ye niryApaka, yogyAyogya AhAra ko jAnane meM kuzala, kSapaka ke citta meM samAdhAna karane vAle, prAyazcitta grantha ke rahasya ko jAnane vAle, AgamajJa sva-para kA upakAra karane meM tatpara hote haiN| ar3atAlIsa muniyoM kA kArya bheda batalAte hue AcArya zivArya batalAte haiN| "cAra muni kSapaka ko uThAnA, biThAnA, Adi sevA kA kAma, saMyama meM bAdhA na Aye isa prakAra se karate haiN| cAra yati, kSapaka ko dharma zravaNa karAte haiN| cAra muni, AcArAMga ke anukUla kSapaka ko AhAra dete haiN| cAra muni, kSapaka ke lie AhAra meM peya padArthoM kI vyavasthA karate haiN| cAra muni, niSpramAdI hue AhAra ke vastuoM kI dekhabhAla karate haiN| cAra muni, kSapaka ke mala-mUtrAdi visarjana, vasatikA, upakaraNa, saMstara Adi ko svaccha rakhate haiN| cAra muni, kSapaka kI vasatikA ke daravAje para prayatnapUrvaka rakSA karate haiN| arthAt asaMyata Adi ayogya janoM ko andara Ane se rokate haiN| cAra muni, upadeza maMDapa ke dvAra ke rakSaNa kA bhAra lete haiN| nidrA vijayI cAra muni kSapaka ke pAsa rAtri meM jAgaraNa karate haiN| cAra muni, jahA~ saMgha ThaharA hai usake Asa-pAsa ke zubhAzubha vAtAvaraNa kA nirIkSaNa karate haiN| cAra muni, Aye hue darzanArthiyoM ko sabhA meM upadeza dete haiN| cAra muni, dharma-kathA kahane vAle muni kI sabhA meM rakSA kA bhAra lete haiN|276 yadi koI kSapaka samAdhimaraNa kara rahA hai to anya zramaNa bhakti sahita usakI sallekhanA dekhane Ate haiN| evaM usase preraNA lete haiN| jo yati tIvra bhaktirAga se sallekhanA ke sthAna para jAte haiM, ve devagati kA sukha bhogakara uttama sthAna mokSa ko prApta karate haiN| tathA samAdhi kA sAdhana koI muni karatA hai, aisA sunakara bhI jo tIvra bhakti se yukta hokara yadi nahIM jAtA to usakI samAdhi maraNa meM kyA bhakti ho sakatI hai? aura jisakI

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250 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA samAdhi maraNa meM bhakti nahIM hai, usakA marate samaya samAdhipUrvaka maraNa nahIM hotA hai|277 isa kSapaka ke pAsa adhika bolane vAle Agama viruddha bhASI yA vikathA Adi karane vAle zramaNa yA zrAvaka nahIM jA sakate haiN| paricAraka muni kSapaka ko aisA upadeza sunAte haiM ki, jisase ve apane caritra meM pUrNatayA dRr3ha bane rahate haiM, roga, vedanA Adi kI vyAkulatA se adhIra nahIM ho pAte haiN| kyoMki "viSaya sukha kA virecana karAne vAle aura amRtamaya ye jinavacana hI auSadhi haiN| ye jarA-maraNa aura vyAdhi se hone vAlI vedanA ko tathA sarva dukhoM ko naSTa karane vAle haiN|"278ydi kadAcit kSapaka ko vedanA kI ugratA ho to uparyukta sthiti meM kaTu vacana na bolakara vibhinna kathAeM sunAkara sthiti karaNa karate haiN| AcArya, kSapaka ko AhAra kI gRddhi se saMyama kI hAni va asaMyama kI vRddhi dazati haiN| jisase sunakara vaha sampUrNa abhilASA kA tyAga karake vairAgya yukta ho jAtA hai| tadanantara AcArya AhAra kA kramazaH tyAga karAte hue, kSapaka ko atyanta kSINa dekhakara jala kA bhI tyAga karA dete haiN| parantu pariNAmoM meM saMkleza bhAva na ho aisA kArya hI kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra zAnti pUrvaka kSapaka kI savicAra sallekhanA ho jAtI hai| sahasA mRtyu kI sthiti meM avicAra bhakta pratyAkhyAna maraNa kahalAtA hai| isameM AcArya yA sAdhu deza-kAla ke upasarga ke samaya yaha pratijJA karate haiM, ki yadi merA jIvana nahIM rahegA, to mere yaha caturvidha AhAra kA tyAga hai, aura yadi usa deza kAla meM upasarga kA nivAraNa ho jAne para jIvana kA astitva rahatA hai to maiM AhAra grahaNa kruuNgaa| jIvita rahane ke sandeha meM hI isa prakAra kA pratyAkhyAna grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra kI sallekhanA akaMpanAcArya ne grahaNa kI thii| isa prakAra chaThe guNasthAna se lekara gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka ke zramaNa paMDitamaraNa evaM kSINakaSAyI ayoga kevalI bhagavAna paMDita-paMDita maraNa karate haiM jisako nirvANa bhI kahate haiN| sadoSa zramaNa : doSa eka mAnavIya vRtti hai| ataH yaha eka bahuta bar3A vicAraNIya aparAdha nahIM hai| mAnava jAti ke eka lambe jIvana meM utAra/caDhAva, giranA/uThanA yaha to hotA hI rahatA hai| ataH yaha utanA bar3A aparAdha nahIM hai, jitanA ki girakara bhI uThane kA prayatna na karanA tathA isase bhI bar3hakara jaghanya-tama aparAdha yaha hai ki, girane ke bAda usameM saMtuSTa hokara aura usake aucitya ko siddha karanA aura prasannacitta hokara usa patita paramparA ko protsAhita karate hue pracAra-prasAra karanA; yaha mAnavIya naitikatA kA trikAla akSamya jaghanyatama aparAdha maiM samajhatA hU~ kyoMki isameM eka sampUrNa AdarzoM kI hI trikAla ke lie samAdhi hotI hai, aura yaha usa samaya aura bhI jyAdA mahatvapUrNa cintanIya hai, jabaki vaha aparAdhI sArvajanika kSetra kA rahA ho| pratyeka prabudravarga kA yaha naitika dAyitva hai ki vaha una aparAdhiyoM ko saceta kare aura sanmArga para laae| yadi koI "chidrAnveSI" kahakara Alocita kare, to vaha isa zAbdika vizeSaNa ko apane lie gauravapUrNa maane|

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sadoSa amaNa dveSamUlaka bhAvoM se pUrNa chidrAnveSaNa nindanIya kahA jA sakatA hai| kisI prayojana Adi kI apekSA kisI ke doSoM ko gauNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, parantu zraddhA ke kendra para hI vidyamAna doSa ko gauNa karanA aviveka evaM andhazraddhA kI hI paricAyaka hai / banatI huyI nAva maiM vidyamAna chidra ko usake saundarya Adi kI apekSA se tathA abhI bana rahI hai, paripUrNa nahIM hai ataH usake chidra ko gauNa karanA, svIkRta ho sakatA hai, parantu tairatI huyI nAva meM suI ke barAbara chidra ko gauNa karanA, apanI sAkSAt mRtyu ko hI varaNa karanA hai / tairatI huyI nAva meM kisI yAtrI ke dvArA chidrAnveSaNa eka prazaMsanIya kArya hai, kyoMki usameM sabhI yAtriyoM kI jIvana rakSA kA kArya huA hai / chidrAnveSaNa, yaha kataI Avazyaka nahIM ki eka iMjIniyara hI kare, parantu vaha bAlaka bhI jo usa nAva meM yAtrA kara rahA hai chidrAnveSaNa prANa- rakSA hetu kara sakatA hai / parantu ina saba kAryoM meM yaha eka bahuta baDI zarta hai ki vaha dvepamUlaka na ho, dUsaroM ko nIce girAne kI pravRtti na ho to, eka sadabhiprAya se kiyA gayA chidrAnveSaNa naitika aparAdha nahIM hai| 251 zramaNa tairatI huyI nAva hai, yadi sAta tatvoM kI bhASA meM kaheM to saMvara aura nirjarA karane vAle eka vyaktitva haiN| nAva use hI kahate haiM ki jo tairakara khuda pAra hove, tathA dUsaroM ko bhI pAra kare, isI meM usake svarUpa kI surakSA aura usakA saundarya hai| pAnI ke bAhara rakhI huyI nAva to eka lakaDI kA piTArA hI hai, phira bhale hI vaha kitanI hI sundara kyoM na ho| jo nAva kA kArya kare vahI nAva hai / tairatI huyI nAva para chidrAnveSaNa kA hameM pUrNa adhikAra hai / nAvika yadi isake lie manA kare to hameM aisI nAva ko tilAMjali de denI caahie| aise hI, zramaNa saMsAra samudra ko pAra karane vAlI aisI nAva hai, jo khuda tairatI hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI isake lie prerita karatI hai| ataH unameM Agata thor3A sA bhI doSa, unako to DuboyegA hI sAtha hI ananta jIvoM kA ghAta karegA / ataH mAtra unake doSa ko dekhakara batalAyA jAnA yaha bAta nahIM, apitu ananta jIvoM ke hone vAle ahita ko bacAne ke sadabhiprAya rUpa lokopakAra kI bhAvanA se doSa ko batalAnA mAnavatA kI eka bahuta bar3I sevA hai| ataH isa lokopakAra kI mahattama bhAvanA ko lekara sadoSa bhramaNa svarUpa kI mImAMsA kA yaha prakaraNa apane zodha nibandha meM liyA hai| manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai, ataH pratyeka kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha samAja kA sahI dizA nirdezana kare / zramaNa sAmAjika nahIM parantu samAja ko prabhAvita karane vAle prANI haiM, ataH usake svarUpa kI mImAMsA bhI atiAvazyaka hai| bhramaNa yadi deza aura samAja kA bahuta upakAra karate rahe haiM, to zramaNa ke zithila varga ne deza aura samAja kA bahuta baDA apakAra bhI kiyA hai| dakiyAnUsI, andhavizvAsI, daivatva kI bhAvanA ko Thesa pahu~cAne vAle bhI rahe haiN| vartamAna kAla meM isakA jvalanta pramANa jaina samAja meM sat sAhitya kA bahiSkAra, zikSA meM rukAvaTa "laghuvidyAnuvAda" ke rUpa meM yonAcAra ko bar3hAvA dene vAle ye zramaNAbhAsa hI rahe haiN| *

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252 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA zramaNa varga meM Agata vartamAna meM zithilatA yaha koI anahonI bAta nahIM hai| jaba hama prAcIna sAhitya, evaM zilAlekhoM kA adhyayana karate haiM, to hama yaha pAte haiM ki pahale bhI zramaNa varga meM kAphI zithalatAeM rahIM thIM, aura usI ko ve apanA svarUpa yena- kena prakAreNa mAne baiThe the| parantu samaya-samaya para sacce zramaNa hue jinhoMne Adarza jIvana-yApana karate hue inakA virodha kiyaa| zithilatA ke sabase jyAdA avasara bhogopabhoga ke sAdhanA sthala zahara haiN| ataH prAcIna kAla meM zramaNa zahara meM mAtra AhAra va dharmopadeza ke nimitta hI Ate the aura zeSa kAla vana-upavana meM hI rahate the| mUlAcAra meM kahA ki he muni! bhikSAvRtti se bhojana karo, vana meM raho evaM loka vyavahAra rahita ekAkI sthAna meM parigraha rahita hoo279 kintu dhIre-dhIre pA~cavI chaThI zatAbdI ke pazcAt kucha sAdhu caityAlayoM meM sthAyI rUpa se nivAsa karane lge| isase zvetAmbara samAja meM vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya utpanna ho gye| to digambara sampradAya meM usI kAla meM kucha sAdhu caityoM meM rahane lge|280 prANI jagata kA yaha manovijJAna hai ki yadi anadhikRta sthala para vaha kucha samaya rahane lage, aura koI Apatti na kare athavA na kara sake, to phira usa sthala para apane adhikAra kA dAvA sA karane lagatA hai, kyoMki phira usakI manovRtti usI jagaha para rahane kI ho jAtI hai| vartamAna kAla meM makAna/dukAna ke kirodAra bhI yadi kucha varSa kirAye para kahIM raha leM, to unako haTAnA muzkila hai tathA vaha bhI usa anadhikRta jagaha para apane adhikAra kA hI dAvA karane lagatA hai| jisase samAja meM visaMvAda paidA hotA hai| yahI sthiti zramaNa varga meM caityavAsa meM rahane ko prerita kI hogii| zrAmaNyArthI ko dIkSA heta vana meM jAne kA vidhAna hai, aura jaina kathAnakoM meM aise hI sabhI kathAnaka milate haiN| eka ghara ko chor3akara dUsare ghara meM rahakara apane ko sAdhu ghoSita karanA, gajasnAna hai, jaise hAthI pahale snAna kare, parantu bAda meM phira apane mastaka para miTTI DAle to snAna kA aucitya hI kyA rahA? jo puruSa saMsAra ke viSaya kaSAyoM ko chor3akara muni bananA cAhatA hai, to kyA vaha viSaya kapAya ke sthaloM ko nahIM choDegA? aura ye sthala zahara haiM ataH zahara meM zramaNa nahIM raha sakate haiM, yaha to "lauTa kara buddhU ghara ko Aye" jaisI sthiti hai| zahara meM logoM ke madhya meM rahane se, zramaNa meM doSoM kI sambhAvanA to rahatI hai hI, sAtha hI zrAvakoM kA zramaNa se ati paricaya hone se unameM kadAcit vidyamAna doSoM kA paricaya hone se zramaNa varga ke prati azraddhA bhI hotI hai| yaha hama pahale hI kaha Aye haiM ki zramaNa bhI eka mAnava haiM, ataH unameM bhI sUkSma doSa kadAcit Ate haiM, parantu ve AcArya ke samIpa jAkara prAyazcitta vidhi se doSa mukta hokara zuddha ho jAte haiM athavA AcArya unako ucita daMDa Adi dekara zuddha kara lete haiN| parantu yaha saba zrAvakoM ko bhI patA cala jAne para, sampUrNa saMgha hI azraddheya hotA hai, logoM meM zramaNoM

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sadoSa zramaNa ke prati avizvAsa hotA hai / ataH manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se bhI zramaNoM ko vana Adi, ekAntAdi sthAna meM rahanA zreyaskara hai| jainAgama meM bhI isI kAraNa vana meM hI rahane kA vidhAna bhI hai / parantu jaba zramaNoM kA kucha varga zaharoM meM rahane lagA, aura bhaktoM ne koI Apatti nahIM kI, to kAlAntara meM zramaNa varga zahara meM rahane kA apanA adhikAra siddha karane lge| kyoMki zithilatA eka amara bela hai, jo jaldI phailatI aura panapatI hai use to thor3A sA avalambana cAhie / kAlAntara meM caityavAsI zramaNa apanA yaha adhikAra mAna baiThe aura caityavAsa se Age zahara ke madhya dharmazAlA, mandiroM para unakA janma siddha adhikAra - sA ho gyaa| kucha zrAvaka varga ne zramaNoM kI isa pariNati ko hI mUlarUpa mAnakara lagabhaga svIkRti de do / 253 digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM kI prAcIna paramparAeM caityavAsa kI kadApi samarthaka nahIM rahIM, donoM hI vanavAsa ke hI poSaka rahe, parantu pazcAtavartI zithilAcArI kucha AcAryoM ne bar3hatI huyI caityavAsa kI pravRtti ko protsAhita kiyaa| jabaki prArambha se sallekhanA Adi ke samaya zahara ke bAhara sthita caityavAsa kA vidhAna thA / caityavAsa kI pravRtti ke kAraNoM para spaSTataH prakAza DAlate hue DaoN. hIrAlAla jI jaina likhate haiM ki - "caityavAsa kI pravRtti AditaH siddhAnta ke paThana-pAThana va sAhitya sRjana kI suvidhA ke lie prArambha huyI hogI, kintu dhIre-dhIre vaha eka sAdhuvarga kI sthAyI jIvana - praNAlI bana gaI, jisake kAraNa nAnA maMdiroM meM bhaTTArakoM kI gaddiyA~ va maTha sthApita ho gye| isa prakAra 281 bhaTTArakoM ke AcAra meM zaithilya va parigraha anivAryataH A gyaa| vikrama kI AThavIM zatI ke prasiddha dArzanika zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadra ne "saMbodha prakaraNa" ke gurvAdhikAra meM maThavAsI sAdhuoM ke bhraSTAcAra ko prastuta karate hue kahA ki "ye kusAdhu caityoM aura maThoM meM rahate haiM, pUjA karane kA prArambha karate haiM, deva dravya kA upabhoga karate haiM, jinamaMdira aura zAlAeM cinavAte haiN| raMgabiraMge dhUpavAsita vastra pahanate haiM, binA nAtha ke bailoM ke sadRza striyoM ke Age gAte haiM, AryikAoM dvArA lAe gaye padArtha khAte haiM, aura taraha-taraha ke upakaraNa rakhate haiN| jala, phala, phUla Adi sacitta dravyoM kA upabhoga karate haiN| do-tIna bAra bhojana karate aura tAmbUla lavaMgAdi bhI khAte haiN| ye muhurta nikAlate haiM, nimitta batalAte haiM, bhabhUta bhI dete haiM, jyonAroM meM miSTa AhAra prApta karate haiM, AhAra ke lie khuzAmada karate aura pUchane para bhI satya dharma nahIM batalAte / svayaM bhraSTa hote hue bhI dUsaroM se AlocanA-pratikramaNa karAte haiN| snAna karate, tela lagAte, zrRMgAra karate, aura itra - phulela kA upayoga karate haiN|

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA apane hInAcArI mRtaka guruoM kI dAha- -bhUmi para stUpa banavAte haiN| striyoM ke samakSa vyAkhyAna dete haiM aura striyA~ unake guNoM ke gIta gAtI haiM / 254 sArI rAta sote, kraya-vikraya karate aura pravacana ke vahAne vikathAeM karate haiM / celA banAne ke lie choTe-choTe baccoM ko kharIdate, bhole logoM ko Thagate aura jina pratimAoM ko bhI becate - kharIdate haiN| uccATana karate aura vaidyaka, yaMtra, maMtra, gaMDA, tAbIja Adi meM kuzala hote haiM / isI ye zrAvakoM ko suvihita sAdhuoM ke pAsa jAte hue rokate haiM, zApa dene kA bhaya dikhAte haiM, paraspara virodha rakhate haiM, aura celoM ke lie eka dUsaroM se lar3a marate haiN| 282 prakAra kA vistRta varNana 12 vIM sadI meM jinaballabha sUri ne saMgha paTTaka meM caityavAsiyoM kI sthiti kA kiyA hai| zve. AcArya haribhadra dvArA varNita uparyukta bhraSTAcAra sampUrNa rUpa se Aja bhI digambara evaM zvetAmbara zramaNa saMgha meM pUrNataH vyApta hai| tathA aba to ye zithila zramaNa kisI prakAzaka vizeSa ke prakAzana ke vahiSkAra kI Ar3a meM satsAhitya ke prakAzanoM ke vahiSkAra kA zrAvakoM ko Adeza taka dete haiM, aise patra chapavAkara mandiroM meM lagavAte haiM / phira bhI apane ko cAritra cakravartI mAnate haiN| inheM yaha bhI patA nahIM hai ki ye bhAratIya saMvidhAna meM nAgarikoM ko prApta "maulika adhikAra" kA hanana kara dezadrohI haiN| phira bhI inheM zramaNa mAnakara inake bhakta inheM pUjate haiM / navIM zatI ke AcArya guNabhadra ke samaya digambara muniyoM kI pravRtti nagaravAsa kI ora vizeSa bar3ha rahI thI, isakI kaTu AlocanA karate hue "AtmAnuzAsana" meM ve kahate haiM ki "jisa prakAra idhara-udhara se bhayabhIta mRga rAtri meM vana ko chor3akara gA~va ke samIpa A jAte haiM, usI prakAra isa kalikAla meM munijana bhI vana ko chor3a gA~va ke samIpa rahane lage haiN| yaha kheda kI bAta hai|' 283 bArahavIM sadI ke paMDita pravara AzAdhara ne "anagAra dharmAmRta" ke dUsare adhyAya meM ina caityavAsI nagna sAdhuoM ko lakSya karake kahA ki " tathA tIsare prakAra ke sAdhu ve haiM, jo dravyajinaliMga ko dhAraNa karake maThoM meM nivAsa karate haiM, aura maThoM ke adhipati bane hue haiM aura mlecchoM ke samAna AcaraNa karate haiN| 284 vi.saM. 1294 meM zvetAmbara AcArya mahendrasUri ne zatapadI nAmaka grantha banAyA / unhoMne usake "digambara mata vicAra" vAle prakaraNa meM digambara zramaNoM kI (bhraSTa ) sthiti kA varNana kiyA hai| jisake anusAra usa samaya digambara sAdhu maThoM meM rahate the, apane lie pakAyA *

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sadoSa zramaNa 255 huA (udidaSTa) bhojana karate the, eka hI sthAna para mahInoM rahate the, zItakAla meM aMgIThI kA sahArA lete the, payAla ke bichone para sote the, tela mAliza karAte the| sardI ke mAre jinamandiroM ke gUDha maNDapa (garbhAlaya, talaghara ) meM rahate the| maMtra, taMtra, jyotiSa Adi vidyAoM kA upayoga karate the|" isa 10-12 sadI meM zramaNoM meM bhraSTAcAra apanI carama sImA meM thaa| nagna bhaTTAraka kumudacandra pAlakI para baiThate the, una para chatra lagA huA thaa|285 ina saba bhraSTAcAroM se prabhAvita hote hue unako vaidha karAra dete hue bhaTTAraka zrutasAgara ne tatvArthasUtra kI saMskRta TIkA meM "dravyaliMgI muni zItakAla meM kambala Adi le lete haiM, aura dUsare samaya meM unheM tyAga dete haiN|286 isa rUpa meM sAhityika rUpa se bhraSTAcAra ko protsAhana diyaa| phira to zramaNa khetI karAne lage, dAna lene lage, rAjanIti meM bhAga lene lge| jo ki Aja taka pracalita hai| Aja ke lagabhaga sabhI sAdhu digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM ; mandira, dharmazAlAoM, talagharoM meM zahara ke madhya rahate haiM, uddiSTa AhAra lete haiN| vimalasAgara kA saMgha to moTaragAr3I lekara calatA hai, mantra- tantra karate haiM, dina meM bhI sote haiN| sardiyoM meM payAla kA upayoga karate haiN| AcArya dharmasAgara aura una kA saMgha to samayasArapravacanasAra Adi satsAhitya ko par3hane se rokatA hai, evaM inakA mandiroM se niSkAsana kA Adeza dete haiN| kSetrapAla, padmAvatI Adi kudevoM ko pUjate haiN| Antarika kalaha hotI hai jisake vajaha se unake avasAna ke bAda unake saMghakekarDa TakaDe ho gye| isI prakAra ke saMghoM meM rAtri meM mAliza hotI hai| isake alAvA ina bhraSTAcAroM kA virodha karane vAloM ko ye mArane pITane kI dhamakiyA~ dete haiN|287 parantu ina ghaTanAoM ko adhikAMza jaina patrakAra sAmAjika bhaya evaM lokApavAda ke bhaya se prakAzita nahIM karate haiN| tathA ina ghaTanAoM ko rokane kA prayAsa bhI nahIM karate haiM, apitu inako jinaliMga mAnakara kucha vidvat samAja pUjatI hai, ataH yaha bhraSTAcAra aba apane pUrNa yauvana ke sAtha jaina dharma/samAja meM koDha ke rUpa meM phaila rahA hai| saMsAra meM sarvotkRSTa tyAga ke udAharaNa rUpa meM prastuta kI jAne vAlI isa jaina sAdhu caryA ne vartamAna meM kisa taraha se bhoga ke sAtha meM gaThabaMdhana kara rakhA hai, yaha vartamAna kAlIna adhikAMza sAdhuoM meM dekhane ke lie atyadhika viveka kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| tyAga ke garbha se prasUta ho rahe bhoga kI zaizava kAlIna kilakAriyA~ kisI se anajAna nahIM hai| isakA abhI koI upacAra nahIM ho rahA hai| ina bhraSTAcAroM ko upagUhana aMga kA bahAnA dekara chipAkara mAno satya zramaNa dharma kA hI upagUhana kiyA jA rahA hai| isake alAvA ekala vihAra isa yuga kI nayI paramparA hI cala par3I hai|aagm meM do muni ko ekala vihAra svIkRta hai vaha bhI dUsare AcArya ke samIpa taka jAne kI sthiti meM hai| parantu Aja muni vidyAnanda atyanta akele bhramaNa karate haiN| mahAnagaroM ke madhya rahate haiN|

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256 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA rAjanIti kI kathA karate haiN| aura samAja unako elAcArya, siddhAnta cakravartI, nAma detI hai| kannaDa bhASA ke prophesara zrI nanda kumAra ne "ASADha bhUti vidyAnaMda" nAmaka pustaka likhI hai, usameM inako chadmatApasa kahA hai| yaha pustaka 1982 meM prakAzita huyI thii| jisakI prakAzaka eka saMsthA thii| cUMki kucha netAoM ne isa pustaka ko jalAkara naSTa kara diyA thaa| tathApi isase muni vidyAnanda ke Upara eka bahuta bar3A prazna cinha avazya laga gayA hai| paMDita motIcanda jI koThArI likhate haiM ki ye rAtri meM bolate haiM, jo ki maiMne bhI svayaM kaI bAra dekhA hai| sAtha hI koThArI Age likhate haiM ki ye rAtri meM jalapAna karate dekhe gaye, tathA loca na karake kaiMcI se bAla kATate hue pAye gaye haiN|288 cUMki yaha eka rAjanaitika sAdhu bhI haiN| ataH jaina samAja ke netA pratiSThA lobha meM kacha nahIM kahate haiN| yahA~ taka ki inako AcArya taka banA diyaa| DolI vihArI AcArya dezabhUSaNa ke saMgha se alaga hokara ekala vihArI hue| dezabhUSaNa ke paTTa ziSya bAlAcArya vAhuvalI sAgara jo ki dezabhUSaNa saMgha ke variSTha sAdhu haiM, ve hI niyamAnusAra AcArya pada ke uttarAdhikArI hote haiN| unhIM ke sAtha saMghastha muni rahanA cAhate haiN| parantu vidyAnanda ko AcArya pada dekara viveka hInatA kA paricaya diyA gyaa| phalasvarUpa saMghastha kisI muni ne inako apanA AcArya nahIM svIkArA aura bAlAcArya ke saMgha meM hI samasta saMgha haiN| isa prakaraNa ko lekara adAlata meM mukadameM bhI cala rahe haiN| yaha saba vivAda AcArya dezabhUSaNa ke praznAMkita caritra va viveka hInatA kA pratibimba hai| yaha bhakta samAja kI ajJAnatA kA eka jvalanta namUnA bhI hai| isa sambandha meM paMDita AzAdhara jI ne eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai, jisameM kahA ki bhraSTa paMDitoM aura vaThara muniyoM ne jinadeva kA nirmala zAsana malina kara diyA hai|289 zramaNAcAra kA 8 vIM sadI se lagabhaga 13 vIM sadI meM aura vizeSa rUpa se 10-13 vIM sadI kA itihAsa kAphI uthala-puthala liye thaa| eka ora bhraSTAcAra bar3ha rahA thA to dUsarI ora usakI AlocanA DaTa kara ho rahI thii| usa samaya mAtra jaina dharma meM hI nahIM apitu pratyeka bhAratIya dharma meM bhraSTAcAra aura usakA virodha kriyA-pratikriyA ke rUpa meM ho rahA thaa| usa samaya jainetara zaktiyA~ jainadharma ko tor3ane meM lagI huyI thiiN| parantu Aja kI sthiti alaga hI hai, Aja jainetara dharmoM kA koI vizeSa AkramaNa nahIM, parantu Antarika rUpa se zramaNoM ke kRtya jaina dharma ke vikAsa meM bAdhA haiN| Aja bhI 10-13 vIM sadI kI tasvIra upasthita ho rahI hai| Aja isa 20 vIM sadI ke uttarArddha meM vizeSa rUpa meM san 70 se Aja san 87 taka kI sthiti zramaNAcAra ko lekara paryApta vivAdAspada rahI hai| jisako lekara san 81 meM "zravaNavelagolA" meM zramaNa AcAra saMhitA ko lekara prastAva pArita huye the, parantu isa prakAra kI jAgRti zvetAmbara zramaNoM meM pUrva se hI jUna 1956 meM hI A gayI thii| parantu kheda, ki donoM hI sampradAya apane uddezya meM lagabhaga asaphala rahe, kyoMki ina donoM kAryakramoM kA Ayojana zramaNoM ne rAjanaitika uddezya ko lekara kiyA thA, digambara zramaNoM meM muni vidyAnanda Ayojaka the jo svayaM "ekalavihArI" evaM mahAnagarIya

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sadopa zramaNa 257 zramaNa haiN| vastutaH ina logoM ne jo prastAva pAsa kiye the ve pUrva meM mUlAcAra Adi granthoM meM vidyamAna the, ataH alaga se unake prastAva pAsa kara manamAne kA aucitya eka rAjanIti ke alAvA aura kyA ho sakatA hai| kyoMki "jo loga (svayaM) Agama kA bandhana svIkAra nahIM karate ve samAja kA bandhana kaise svIkAra kara sakate haiN| 290 zramaNAcAra ke sambandha meM zramaNa pariSada kA zravaNavelagolA meM Ayojita Ayojana kA vivaraNa prastuta hai| muni vidyAnanda ke prayAsa se zramaNa paripada kI aitihAsika baiThaka huyii| isameM AcArya dezabhUSaNa, AcArya vimalasAgara, kSullaka, kSullikA, sammilita hue aura tyAgI janoM ke lie sarva sahamati se eka tyAgI AcAra saMhitA prastAvita kii| isa prastAvita tyAgI AcAra saMhitA ko cAmuNDarAya maNDapa meM samasta zramaNa-zrAvaka-zrAvikA catuHvidha saMgha ke samakSa rakhA gayA aura yaha prastAva pArita huaa| sAtha hI isa pArita prastAva ko nIraja jaina ( satanA) ke sAtha uttara bhArata sthita anya AcAryoM evaM AryikAoM kI sahamati prApta karane ke lie bhejA gyaa| isa avasara para AcArya subAhusAgara, subala sAgara, muni vidyAnanda, AcArya dezabhUSaNa, vimalasAgara, AryikA vijayamatI, ne isa prastAva kI anuzaMsA karate hue apane vicAra vyakta kiye aura ArzIvAda pradAna kiyaa| elAcArya vidyAnanda ne kahA ki, guru ke samIpa rahane se unakI satsaMgati se hI jIva kA uddhAra ho sakatA hai| AryikA vijayamatI ne kahA ki yaha prastAva tyAgI varga kI svacchandatA ko rokane ke lie hai| hameM anuzAsana meM rahanA caahie| pArita prastAva : bhagavAna gommaTezvara-mUrti ke pratiSThApanA sahasrAbdi evaM mahAmastakAbhiSeka mahotsava ke puNyAvasara para samAyojita di. jaina pariSad dvArA nimna prastAva pArita kiye jAte haiN| 1. yaha di. muni pariSada prastAva karatI hai ki kama se kama do muni, do AryikAe~ do kSullikAe~ athavA do kSullaka yA do samaliMgI picchidhArI apane dIkSAguru AcArya se AjJA lekara hI vihAra kara sakate haiN| akele muni, AryikA, ailaka-kSullaka AryikA vihAra nahIM kara skte| 2. di. muni pariSad prastAva karatI hai ki dIkSA lene se pUrva dIkSArthI ko nimnalikhita pratijJA patra par3hanA aura usakA pAlana Avazyaka hai| dIkSA guru AcArya bhI dIkSA dete samaya isa pratijJA patra ko nava dIkSita se par3havA kara use pratijJAbaddha kreN|

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258 dIkSA se pUrva pratijJA patra kA prArUpa : maiM pratijJA karatA hU~ ki - 1. maiM prAtaH smaraNIya mahAna AcArya kundakunda evaM cAritra cakravartI AcArya zAntisAgara kI paramparA ke gaurava ko sadA mana-vacana kAya se surakSita rkhuuNgaa| maiM aisA kArya nahIM karU~gA jisase isa mahAna paramparA kA gaurava kama hotA ho / 2. 3. 4. 5. jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 6. maiM AcArya mahArAja ke anuzAsana kA hRdaya se pAlana karU~gA / maiM apane dIkSA guru ke Adeza ke binA saMgha kA tyAga nahIM karU~gA / evaM anya AcArya saMgha meM sammilita nahIM hoU~gA / dharma pracAra mahAna prayojana ke lie guru mahArAja kI anumati se saMgha se pRthaka vihAra karane kI sthiti meM bhI ekala vihAra nahIM karU~gA, balki maiM kama se kama do kSullakoM yA isase Upara ke padadhArI tyAgiyoM ke sAtha hI vihAra karU~gA / maiM satat svAdhyAya dvArA apane zAstra jJAna ko bar3hAne kA prayatna karatA rahU~gA / anta meM, maiM bhramaNa zramaNI, zrAvaka zrAvikA catuH vigha saMgha se nivedana karU~gA ki vaha mujhe dIkSA grahaNa karane kI anumati pradAna kreN| isameM vinIta rUpa meM sara seTha bhAgacanda sonI, evaM bAbUlAla pATodI haiM, evaM uttara dene kA patA jainamaTha, zravaNavelagolA (karnATaka) hai / 291 uparyukta prastAva itane tathyahIna evaM avicAraNIya haiM, jo sampUrNa digambara zramaNoM ke cAritrika evaM bauddhika kSamatA para prazna cinha lagAte haiN| saMgha kI vyavasthA kA gustara- bhAra AcArya kA hotA hai aura vahI anya sagha ke AcAryoM se nivedana kara sakatA hai| uparyukta prastAvoM meM muni vidyAnanda ke prayAsa se to isa kArya ke sampAdana kI bAta kahI gayI, tathA vinIta ke rUpa meM bAbUlAla pATaudI, nIraja jaina Adi jaina dharma se anabhijJa zrAvaka the yahAM taka ki ukta prastAva meM kucha jaina gRhastha vidvAnoM kA to koI samarthana hI nahIM thA; kyoMki ve jAnate the ki aise prastAva tathyahIna evaM nirarthaka hI siddha hone vAle haiM, aura vahI huA / dvitIya, cAritrika pratibandhanoM meM ekalavihAra para carcA kI gayI, kyA zramaNoM ke parigraha para vicAra evaM Adeza apekSita nahIM thA? kyA zramaNoM kI AvAsa caryA, AhAra caryA, gamanAgamana Adi aneka cAritrika pakSoM para vicAra apekSita nahIM thA? ekalavihAra para pratibandha ke bAvajUda muni vidyAnanda svayaM ekalavihArI yaha eka kaisI hAsyApada sthiti thI / isI kAraNa yaha saba asaphala rhaa| jaina AcArya pada kI pratiSThApana vidhi AcArya karate haiM na ki zrAvakagaNa / Aja sarvatra zrAvakagaNa hI muni ko AcArya pada dete haiM, evaM AcArya pada para hI zramaNa dehAvasAna karatA hai jo ki acchI paramparA nahIM mAnI jAtI hai, kyA isa para AcAra saMhitA meM vicAra apekSita nahIM thA / AcArya dharmasAgara ko samAja ne AcArya pada diyA thA, aura abhI muni ajita sAgara ko samAja ne hI do- do bAra sIkara evaM udayapura meM AcArya pada diyA / tathA AcArya ajitasAgara ke avasAna ke bAda unake saMgha meM AcArya

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sadoSa zramaNa 259 pada ko lekara zarmanAka vivAda huaa| jo unake saMgha ke variSThatama sAdhu zreyAMsa sAgara va vardhamAna sAgara ke madhya thaa| AcArya pada prApti ke lie Aja kA nAmAMkita jaina sAdhu samAja ke samakSa kisa hada taka siMha se zvAnavRtti taka kI yAtrA taya kara sakatA hai - yaha duHkhada kSaNa bhI dekhane ko milaa| samAja meM apanI joDa-toDa baiThAkara 13 jUna, 90 ko zreyAMsa sAgara ne AcArya pada kI jaMga jIta lI, to vardhamAna sAgara ne bhI 24 jUna san, 90 ko yaha pada hAsila kara liyaa| parantu aisI ghaTanAeM apane guruoM kI akarmaNyatA, anAcAryatva, susupta- viveka va pada se cipake rahane kI pravRtti ko sUcita kara hI detI haiN| muni vidyAnanda ko bhI abhI samAja ne hI AcArya pada diyA hai-yaha saba jainAgama sammata nahIM hai| eka viruddha paramparA hai| zvetAmbarIya zramaNoM ne bhI bhraSTAcAra ko rokane ke lie evaM choTe-choTe phirakoM ko phira se eka zrRMkhalA meM vyavasthita karane ke lie zrI zve. sthA. "jaina kAnphareMsa ne vRhadasAdhu sammelana karAne ke lie athaka prayAsa kiye, aura pariNAmasvarUpa vikrama saM.1980 meM ajamera meM sthAnakavAsI samAja kA pahalA sammelana huaa| aura usameM bar3e AcAryoM evaM mukhya munivaroM ne bhAga liyaa| eka AcArya paramparA, eka sAdhu samAcArI Adi zramaNa jIvana se sambandhita viSayoM para khulakara carcA kI gayI, aura sva.AcArya zrI javAharalAlajI ne saMgaThana ke lie eka yojanA rakhI, jisakA sabhI ne eka svara se svAgata kiyA, aura use yugAnurUpa batAI, parantu kucha kAraNoM se vaha kAryarupa meM pariNata nahIM ho sakI aura sAmpradAyika jhagar3e jyoM ke tyoM bane rhe| isake pazcAt sAdar3I meM dUsarA, sojata meM tIsarA evaM mAnAsara ( bIkAnera ) meM cauthA sammelana huaa|292 zve. sampradAya ke isa zramaNa sammelana meM prasiddha jauharI evaM vidvAna zrI durlabhajI jinhoMne "santokabA durlabha hAspITala" jayapura kA nirmANa karAyA hai, kI mukhya bhUmikA thI unhoMne "sAdhu sammelana kA itihAsa" pustaka meM sammelana ke AvazyakatA kI vistRta aitihAsika samIkSA prastuta karate hue kahA ki "sudUra bhaviSya meM eka aura roga bhI upajatA jAna par3atA hai| isa roga se bacane ke lie bhI abhI se kAphI prayatna karane kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha roga aura kucha nahIM, jar3a pUjA hI hai| kaccha pradeza ke aneka bhAgoM meM, mRta sAdhuoM ke phoTo vandana kiye jAte haiM aura unako dhUpa-dIpa Adi kiye jAte haiN| tapasvI muni ke caraNa- cinhoM kI pUjA kisI se chipI nahIM hai| deha- mukta sAdhuoM ke nAma para, dhvajAdika kA citraNa bhI dekhA gayA hai| jhAlAvAr3a meM pATa kI pUjA hotI hai, kahIM-kahIM sAdhu ke agni saMskAra ke bAda usI jagaha samAdhi mandira banAye yA caraNa pAdukA kI hI sthApanA karane kI bAta bhI sunI jAtI hai| kyA yaha saba, lokAzAha tathA pUrvAcAryoM kA pratyakSa apamAna nahIM hai, aisA koI kaha sakatA hai ? atyanta lajjA kI bAta hai ki hama logoM kI hI A~khoM para paTTI bA~dhakara hameM ulTI dizA meM ghumAyA jAtA hai| isalie, sAdhuoM ko yathA sambhava zIghra aura yathocita prabandha karanA caahie|

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jaina zramaNa : svaspa aura samIkSA eka tathya aura hai ki jinakA sudhAra zrAvakoM ko karanA hai| ----- jaba bhramaNa kI mRtyu hotI hai to usa zarIra ko cAra-cAra chaha ghaNTe kiM vA caubIsa ghaNTe taka rakhA jAtA hai jinheM tAra diye gaye haiM, yA Ane vAle zrAvaka kiM vA saMgha jaba taka daur3a na Ave, taba taka zarIra kA agni saMskAra nahIM hotA---- pAlakI Adi ThATa vATa na ho jAe taba taka usako surakSita rakhA jAtA hai--- 260 yaha kisa sUtra ke kisa adhikAra meM Adeza hai ? jisake pAlanArtha aisA karanA paDatA hai| jIvAtmA ke deha se chUTa jAne para antarmuhurta meM sammUrcchana jIva utpanna hote haiN| ataH mRtyu ke tatkAla bAda agni saMskAra denA caahie| 293 uparyukta sammelana kA sArAMza dekhate hue lagatA hai ki zve. zramaNoM kA ukta sammelana jisameM AcArya sohanalAla jI mahArAja kI vizeSa sakriyatA thii| isameM kAphI khulakara sabhI viSayoM para carcA huyI thI, jabaki digambaroM kA zravaNabelagolA meM Ayojita sammelana kAphI saMkIrNa vicAradhArA liye thA / ukta donoM sammelanoM ko dekhate hue hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki kucha varSa pUrva zve. sthA. zramaNa kucha prabuddha the, usakA apanI samAja meM kAphI prabhAva bhI par3A thaa| tathA sammelana se samAja meM kAphI jAgRti AyI / durlabha jI isa bAta para apane vicAra vyakta karate hue kahate haiM ki "yadi sAdhu sammelana ( zve. sthAna. ) nahIM huA hotA, to sAdhu samAja meM itanI jAgRti nahIM miltii| sAdhu samAja kI sthiti Aja se kahIM jyAdA badatara miltii| yaha sAdhu sammelana kI hI kRpA kA phala hai| 294 hamAre sAdhu samAja ko vyavasthita rUpa meM pAte haiM "samAja ekalavihAriyoM svacchandAcAriyoM se napharata karatA hai / sammelana se pahile samAja meM yaha cIja nahIM thI / Aja acche se acchA ekalavihArI acche zahara yA nagara meM jAte ghabarAtA hai| aura yadi nayA AdamI pU~cha le ki, mahArAja kitane ThAr3oM se padhAre to phira dekho unakA ceharA / " parantu Aja durlabhajI jaisA vyaktitva zve. sampradAya meM durlabha ho gayA hai, unakI krAnti aba kAntihIna ho gayI hai aura unakA apane sampradAya ke sAdhu meM bhraSTAcAra ke viruddha kiyA prayAsa prabhAvahIna ho cukA hai| isa samaya yadi kucha zvetAmbarI sAdhu meM Agata bhraSTAcAra para thoDA bhI gambhIratA se vicArA jAve to zAyada mAnava jAti kI vyavasthApita naitikatAeM hI kA~pa jAvegI / zve. zramaNa saMgha ke eka sAdhu vinaya muni "bhIma" jinheM "yuvA hRdaya samrATa" bhI kahA jAtA hai| inako manu TAimsa ke sampAdaka zrI madana modI ne bIDI pIte dekhA hai,295 ye sva. madhukara muni ke ziSya haiN| isI taraha kI pravRtti zramaNa saMgha ke saralahadaya AcArya zrI Ananda RSi ke adhikAMza ziSyoM meM dekhane ko milatI hai / upAdhyAya pada se alaMkRta zve. kevala muni to vyasanoM ke anubhavI pAragAmI haiN| inake dvArA kiyA saMvat 2012 meM koTA kAMDa jaga prasiddha hai / vinayamuni kA ujjaina ke cAturmAsa meM kiyA gayA kAMDa jaga jAhira hai / mahArASTra ke anakAI karabe meM zve. haMsamukha muni

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sadoSa zramaNa 261 maMtra-taMtra aura jyotiSa ke Tone-ToTake kara lete haiN| ve tIna yuvatiyoM ke sAtha vahA~ vigata pA~ca varSoM se jame hue haiN| isI prakAra puSkara muni kA baiMgalora kAMDa, dineza muni kA pUnA kAMDa, rAjendra muni kA nImaca ke eka kaoNleja meM parIkSA bhavana meM nakala karate pakar3e jAnA, jodhapura meM zve. muni vezadhArI lAlacanda ke kRtya zrI hastImala mahArAja sA. ke zramaNa saMgha choDane kA nimitta bnii| ye saba prakaraNa zve. zramaNa saMskRti ke gaurava pUrNa adhyAyoM ke kalaMkita pRSTha haiN| nirantara likhe jA rahe kalaMkita pRSThoM ko bacAnA hai, to zuddha sAdhvAcAra pAlana karane vAle jIvanta cetanAzIla logoM ko isa para gambhIratA se vicAranA caahie| isase pUrva ki zithilAcArI vezadhArI kA samUha, pUrI saMskRti ko nigala jAve, hameM isakA mukAbalA karanA hogaa| inako cintana ke caurAhe para khar3A karake sahI sAdhvAcAra samajhAnA hogaa| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM ekalavihAra napharata kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA rahA, parantu vartamAnakAlIna digambara sampradAya meM ekalavihAra adhika pratiSThita evaM pUjyanIka ho rahA hai| jisa bAta ko saba loga burA mAnate haiM use sajjana loga to burA svIkArate hI hai, parantu Aja kI sthiti ThIka isake viparIta hI hai| Aja digambara jaina samAja kI mAnasikatA yaha hai ki yadi koI bhraSTAcAra ke viruddha AvAja uThAtA hai, to use muni droha karAra diyA jAtA hai| muni bhakta hI muni-dharma ko bhraSTa kara rahe haiN| pradarzana ke isa yuga meM muniyoM va unake bhaktoM ne eka ajIba sAmaMjasya sthApita kara liyaa| munivarga yaha dekhatA hai ki hameM kauna-kauna namaskAra kara rahA hai| seThoM/netAoM dvArA namaskAra karane para to inakA hRdaya valliyoM uchalatA hai| pratiSThita logoM ke dvArA namaskAra karate samaya ke phoTo khicAne ko tatpara rahate haiM (dekheM phoTo ); dUsarI tarapha seThoM/netAoM ko bhI, sAdhu ko namaskArAdi karate samaya ke phoTo khicavAnA Avazyaka samajhate haiM, tAki muni bhakti kA pramANa patra lekara samAja meM pratiSThita ho skeN| Aja munibhakti kI utanI AvazyakatA nahIM, jitanI ki usake pramANapatra kI, vastutaH Aja pramANapatra dhArI muni bhakta hI isa zreSTha svarUpa ko bigAr3ane ke jimmevAra hai| nirbhIka vyaktitva ke dhanI paNDita zrI kailAzacandrajI siddhAnta-zAstrI, banArasa likhate haiM ki - "jaina dharma meM andhA zraddhA ko sthAna nahIM hai| viveka mUlaka zraddhA hI saccI zraddhA hai| andhazraddhA hI digambara muni-mArga ko bigAr3a rahI hai| sAdhuoM kI pIThI se AzIrvAda prApta karake dhanI banane kI bhAvanA rakhane vAle hI guNa-doSa kA vicAra kiye binA mAtra zarIra se nagnatA ko hI pUjya mAnate haiN| aura andha muni bhakta haiM ki muni mArga bar3ha rahA hai yaha socate haiN| Age vyaMgya karate hue kahate haiM ki-"Aja to muniyoM ke parigraha parimANa kI bhI

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA AvazyakatA A gayI hai ki muniyoM ke parigraha parimANa kI maryAdA bAMdhI jAe ki unake sAtha meM "kitanI moTareM, kitanI rasada, Adi sAmagrI kitanA dhana-dhAnya," Adi honA caahie| Aja ke yuga meM zAstrokta AcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA nirArambhI aparigrahI saccA sAdhu nahIM hai, jisake pAsa jitanA adhika parigraha hai vaha utanA hI bar3A sAdhu hai / aba sAdhuoM kA kAma Atma-sAdhanA nahIM hai, kintu dhana saMgraha karake mandira - mUrtiyA~ banavAnA hai| dhanika loga aise hI sAdhuoM ko pasanda karate haiN| kAlA dhana to kAle hI meM jaaegaa| usI kAle dhana kA prabhAva hai ki digambara muni mArga bhraSTa hotA jAtA hai aura usakI ora se A~kha mUMdane vAle sacce muni bhakta haiM aura usakA virodha karane vAle muni virodhI kahe jAte haiN| yahI paMcama kAla kA prabhAva hai, ataH isa samaya AvazyakatA hai| samIcIna digambara muni mArga kI surakSA karane vAloM kI anyathA dhana ke lobhI ise beca khaayeNge| 296 262 prasiddha vidvAna sva. paM. zrI cainasukha dAsajI zithilAcAra ke virodha meM kahate haiM ki zithilAcAriyoM ke andha bhakta yaha acchI taraha samajha leM ki zithilAcAriyoM kI AlocanAe~ taba taka banda na hoMgI, jaba taka ve apane zithilAcAra meM sudhAra na kara leM ; bhale hI hameM isake lie DaTa kara gAliyA~ dI jAe~ / upagUhana aMga ke nAma para kisI bhI zithilAcArI kI pITha Thokane kA samarthana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| muni bhakti kI DIMga mArane vAle aura bAhyamuni veSa ko hI pUjA kI cIja samajhane vAle sabhI muniyoM ke sAtha eka-sA vyavahAra kyoM nahIM krte| mAnya aura amAnya muniyoM kA sakAraNa ullekha kyoM nahIM karate haiN|297 san 59 ke bAda Aja 28 varSa pazcAt bhI vahI sthiti hai, Aja to bhraSTAcAra carama sImA para hai / Aja kI sthiti para apanI TippaNI karate hue jaina dharma ke talasparzI antarrASTrIya vidvAna DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla kahate haiM ki "zarIra para tantu bhI na rakhane vAle nagna digambaroM ko jaba aneka saMsthAoM mandiroM, maThoM, basoM Adi kA rucipUrvaka sakriya saMcAlana karate hue dekhate haiM to zarma se mAthA jhuka jAtA hai| jaba sAkSAt dekhate haiM ki unakI marjI ke binA basa eka kadama bhI nahIM cala sakatI, taba kaise samajha meM Ave ki isase unakA koI sambandha nahIM hai / 298 isa bhraSTatA se vyagra hokara samAja ke nAma eka vijJapti jArI karate hue ailaka sudhyAnasAgara jI kahate haiM ki jitanI hamArI jaina saMsthAe~ haiM, unake padAdhikArIgaNa milakara Ajakala sAdhu-mArga meM jo zithilAcAra kI vRddhi ho rahI hai, usako dUra karane kA prayatna kreN----| unase zAnti se spaSTa kaheM ki jo-jo Agama viruddha kriyA unase ho rahI haiM, jaise ekAkI rahanA, eka strI sAdhvI ko rakhanA, caMdA-ciThThA karanA, gaMDA - tAbIja becanA, basa (moTara) vAhana rakhanA, saMsthA banAke vahIM para jama jAnA, kUlara, phrija, paMkhA, vI. sI. Ara. TI. vI., TelIphona Adi jinAgama se viruddha vastuoM kA rakhanA tathA upayoga karanA evaM javAna "

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sadoSa zramaNa kanyAoM ko sAtha meM rakhanA, unakA saMsarga karanA, ekAkI sAdhvI ko bagala ke kamare meM sone denA, ityAdi dharma-hAsa kriyAoM ko avazya rokanA caahie| sAma, dAma, daNDa, bheda se dravya-kSetra -kAla, bhAva kI maryAdA rakhate hue avazya dharma kI saMrakSA karanI caahie| 299 isa sandarbha meM yaha tarka kiyA jAtA hai ki zramaNa kI parIkSA karane kA adhikAra nahIM / parantu jaba samantabhadra ne devAgamastrota meM bhagavAna kI parIkSA kara namaskAra kiyA to zrAvaka, zramaNa kI parIkSA kyoM nahIM kara sakatA hai| jaba zrAvaka kisI ko apanI zraddhA degA to zraddheya kI pUrNa parIkSA kA adhikAra use prApta hai 1 263 padmapurANa meM kathA AtI hai ki, eka AkAzagAmIzradvidhArI RSi varSARtu meM AhArArtha nagara Ae to eka seTha ne bhraSTa jAnakara AhAra nahIM diyA, parantu bAda meM sahI sthiti kA patA lagane para unheM bahuta pazcAttApa huA / yahA~ yaha to phalita hotA hI hai ki sahI sthiti kA jJAna na hone para AhAra nahIM denA cAhie, kyoMki AhAradAna meM navadhA bhakti mukhya hai, aura navadhA bhakti, binA zraddhA kaise ho sakatI hai ? aura zrRddhA guNavAnoM ko hI dI jAtI hai / jaise sarda rAta ke aMdhere meM akelI virahiNI pativratA strI daravAje para sthita puruSa ke viSaya meM jaba taka zaMkA banI rahatI hai taba taka daravAjA nahIM kholatI hai, bhale hI vaha puruSa usakA pati hI kyoM na ho, zaMkA hone para bhI daravAjA kholane kA artha hai ki, vaha apane satitva ke prati pUrNa sajaga evaM niSThAvatI nahIM, aura yaha kArya kisI bhI pati ke lie ati asammAnanIya hai, parantu yadi zaMkAspada sthiti meM daravAjA na kholanA, yaha usakA pramAda lo kahA jA sakatA hai; jisakA kAlAntara meM kSamA Adi ke rUpa meM prAyazcitta vidhAna hai, parantu yahA~ pati ke prati pUrNaniSThA evaM sammAna hai / zaMkAspada sthiti meM bhI daravAjA kholanA kA koI prAyazcitta nahIM, kyoMki yaha aparAdha hai| isa sambandha meM paM. DAlUrAma jI samyak prakAza meM likhA hai ki ne " pati bharatA vanitA tano, hai bharatAra videza / tauU tA sumirata rahe, para - nara gahai na leza / / tyauM sAMce jainI sugurU dUri dezi meM pekhi / tA sumarai mAnai sadA, gurUni gahe animeSa / / 132-33 / / bhraSTa cAritroM ko bhI muni vepa mAnakara pUjane vAloM ke prati kheda vyakta karate hue zve. AcArya haribhadra bhI likhate haiM ki "kucha nA samajha loga kahate haiM ki yaha tIrthaMkaroM kA vepa hai, ise namaskAra karanA cAhie / aho ! dhikkAra ho inheM! maiM apane sira ke zUla kI pukAra kisake Age jAkara karU~, 300

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264 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA A. kundakunda kahate haiM ki "jo dharma maiM nirudyamI hai, doSoM kA ghara hai, ikSuphala samAna niSphala hai guNa ke AcaraNa se hIna hai, vaha nagna rUpa se naTa zramaNa hai, bhAMDavat vezadhArI hai| aba, nagna hone para bhAMDa kA dRSTAnta sambhava hai, parigraha rakhe to yaha dRSTAnta bhI nahIM bntaa| pApa se mohita huyI hai buddhi jinakI aise jo jIva jinavaroM kA liMga dhAraNa karake pApa karate haiM, ve pApa mUrti mokSamArga meM bhraSTa jaannaa|301 __paM. ToDaramala jI ne zithilAcAriyoM dvArA dI jAne vAlI yuktiyA~ dekara aura unakA nirAkaraNa karate hue mokSamArga prakAzaka meM kahA ki prazna- guru binA to nigurA kahalAyeMge aura vaise guru isa samaya dikhate nahIM hai, isalie inhIM ko gurU mAnanA ? uttara- nigurA to usakA nAma hai jo guru mAnatA hI nhiiN| tathA jo guru ko to mAne, parantu isa kSetra meM guru kA lakSaNa na dekhakara kisI ko guru na mAne to isa zraddhAna se nigurA hotA nahIM hai| jisa prakAra nAstika to usakA nAma hai jo paramezvara ko mAnatA hI nahIM, aura jo paramezvara ko to mAne parantu isa kSetra meM paramezvara kA lakSaNa na dekhakara kisI ko paramezvara na mAne to nAstika to hotA nahIM hai| usI prakAra yaha jaannaa| prazna - jaina zAstroM meM vartamAna meM kevalI kA to abhAva kahA hai, muni kA to abhAva nahIM kahA hai| uttara aisA to kahA nahIM hai ki ina dezoM meM sadbhAva rahegA ; parantu bharata kSetra meM kahate haiM so bharata kSetra to bahata bar3A hai kahIM sadabhAva hogA isalie abhAva nahIM kahA hai| yadi jahA~ tuma rahate ho usI kSetra meM sadbhAva mAnoge, to jahA~ aise bhI guru nahIM mileMge vahA~ jAoge taba kisako garU mAnoge? jisa prakAra haMsoM kA sadabhAva vartamAna meM kahA hai, parantu haMsa dikhAyI nahIM dete to pakSiyoM ko to haMsa mAnA nahIM jAtA, usI prakAra vartamAna meM muniyoM kA sadbhAva kahA hai ; parantu muni dikhAyI nahIM dete to auroM ko to muni mAnA nahIM jaaegaa|-----guru nAma bar3e kA hai, ataH dharma gurU to cAritra kI apekSA se mAnA jaaegaa| prazna- __ aise guru to vartamAna meM yahA~ nahIM haiM, isalie jisa prakAra arahanta kI sthApanA pratimA meM kI hai, usI prakAra guruoM kI sthApanA ina veSadhArI meM hai ? uttara- jisa prakAra rAjA kI sthApanA citrAdi dvArA kare to vaha rAjA kA pratipakSI nahIM hai, aura koI sAmAnya manuSya apane ko rAjA manAye to rAjA kA pratipakSI hotA hai, usI prakAra arahantAdika kI pASANAdi meM sthApanA banAye to unakA pratipakSI nahIM hai, aura koI sAmAnya manuSya apane ko muni manAye to vaha muniyoM kA pratipakSI huaa| isa prakAra bhI sthApanA ho, to apane ko arahanta bhI manAo, parantu ve nirgrantha, yaha bahuta parigraha ke dhArI - yaha kaise banatA hai?

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sadopa bhramaNa 265 prazna - aba zrAvaka bhI to jaise sambhava hai vaise nahIM hai, isalie jaise zrAvaka vaise muni ? uttara- zrAvaka saMjJA to zAstra meM sarvagRhastha jainiyoM ko hai| zreNika to asaMyamI thA, use uttara purANa meM zrAvakottama khaa| bAraha sabhAoM meM zrAvaka kahe haiM, vahA~ sarva vratadhArI nahIM the-----muni saMjJA to nirgrantha ke sivAya kahIM nahIM hai| AdinAtha jI ke sAtha cAra hajAra rAjA dIkSA lekara punaH bhraSTa hue, taba deva unase kahane lage -jinaliMgI hokara anyathA pravoMge to hama daMDa deNge| jinaliMga chor3akara jo tumhArI icchA ho to tuma jaano|" isalie jinaliMgI kahalAkara anyathA pravarte, ve to daMDa yogya haiM, vaMdanAdi yogya kaise hoMge 2302 isa prakAra paMDita ToDaramala jI ne kundakunda ko sAkSI dekara isa prakaraNa meM lajjAdi se bhI namaskAra Adi karane kA niSedha kiyA hai, aura inako namaskAra kA artha zithilAcAra ko protsAhana batalAkara pApa kA bhAgI batalAyA hai| gRhasthapane meM bahuta parigraha rakhakara kucha pramANa kare to bhI svarga- mokSa kA adhikArI hotA hai, aura munipane meM kiMcita parigraha aMgIkAra karane para bhI nigodagAmI hotA hai| isalie U~cA nAma rakhAkara nIcI pravRtti yukta nahIM hai| logoM kI ajJAnatA to dekho, koI eka choTI sI pratijJA bhaMga kare to use pApI kahate haiM aura aisI bar3I pratijJA bhaMga karate dekhakara bhI unheM garu mAnate haiM. unakA manivata sanmAnAdi karate haiM, so zAstra meM kata kArita, anumodanA kA phala kahA hai, isalie unako bhI vaisA hI phala lagatA hai|303 isa prakAra aneka tarka evaM pramANa dekara kuguru ke vaMdana kA niSedha paM. ToDaramala jI ne kiyA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM ayathArtha zramaNa kI pahicAna batalAte hue kahA ki "jo logoM kA anusaraNa karate haiM aura sukha kI icchA karate haiM, yatheSTa AhArAdi sukhoM meM tallIna hokara jo mUrkha mani ratnatraya meM apanI pravRtti zithila karatA hai; udgamAdi doSoM se yukta AhAra, upakaraNa, vasatikA, inakA jo sAdhu grahaNa karatA hai| zarIra bhoga va sAMsArika kAryoM meM anurakta rahatA hai, saMgha se virodha karatA hai, kuzIla sevana karatA hai, svacchanda rahatA hai, gurukula meM nahIM rahatA, rAjA Adi kI sevA karatA hai- vaha ajJAnI hai, jinadharma kA ArAdhaka nahIM hai|304 aisA malinacitra zramaNa zrAvaka ke samAna bhI nahIM hai|305 apitu mohI muni se nirmohI samyagdRSTi gRhastha zreSTha hai|306 isa prakAra ke avaMdanIka bhraSTa muniyoM ko A. vaTTakera ne pA~ca prakAra pArzvastha, kuzIla, saMsakta, avasaMjJaka aura mRga cAritra, ke bheda se vibhAjita kiyA hai| 307 ye jJAna aura cAritra meM niyukta nahIM haiM aura manda saMvega vAle hote haiN| pArzvastha - jo saMyamoM ke guNoM se "pArzve tiSThati" iti pArzvastha, arthAta jo saMyata ke guNoM kI apekSA pAsa meM - nikaTa meM rahatA hai vaha pArzvastha hai| ye muni vasatikA Adi se pratibaddha

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA rahate haiM arthAt vasatikA Adi meM apanepana kI bhAvanA rakha kara unameM Asakta rahate haiM, inameM moha kI bahulatA rahatI hai, ye rAta-dina upakaraNoM ke banAne meM lage rahate haiM, asaMyatajanoM kI sevA karate haiM, aura saMyamIjanoM se dUra rahate haiM / ataH pArzvastha nAma kahe jAte haiN| 266 kuzIla AcaraNa yA svabhAva jinakA khoTA hai ve kuzIla kahalAte haiN| ye krodhAdi kaSAyoM se kaluSita rahate haiM, vrata, guNa aura zIloM se hIna haiM, saMgha ke sAdhuoM kI nindA karane meM kuzala rahate haiM, ye mUlaguNa va uttaraguNa se bhI bhraSTa hokara saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate haiN| ye indriya-viSaya evaM kaSAya ke tIvra - pariNAmoM se yukta hote haiM tathA vrata, guNa, zIla tathA cAritra ko tRNavat samajhate hue svayaM kA evaM saMgha kA apayaza phailAne meM kuzala hote haiN| ataH ye kuzIla kahe jAte haiN| - saMsakta jo asaMyata ke guNoM meM atizaya Asakta rahatA hai, vaha saMsakta hai| yaha AhAra Adi kI lampaTatA se vaidyaka, mantra, jyotiSa Adi ke dvArA apanI kuzalatA dikhAne meM lagA rahatA hai, rAjAdikoM kI sevA karane meM tatpara rahatA hai| avasaMjJaka jinake samyagdarzana Adi guNa apagata arthAt naSTa ho cuke haiM vaha avasaMjJaka zramaNa haiN| ye cAritrika guNoM meM zUnya haiN| jinavacanoM kA bhAva na samajhane se yaha cAritrAdi guNoM se bhraSTa haiN| teraha prakAra kI kriyAoM meM AlasI haiM, inake mana meM sAMsArika sukha kI mahattA hai / mRga caritra - mRga ke samAna arthAt pazu ke samAna jinakA caritra hai ve mRgacaritra kahalAte haiN| AcAryoM kA upadeza nahIM mAnate haiM, svacchandacArI hai, ekAkI vicaraNa karate haiM, jinasUtra arthAt jinAgama meM dUSaNa lagAte haiM, tapa aura zruta kI vinaya nahIM karate haiM, dhairya rahita haiM / uddiSTa bhojana karate haiN| ataH beTAcArI mRga caritra zramaNa haiN| 308 ye pA~coM jinadharma bAhya hai-308| ataH inakI saMgati kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| tathA inakI vaMdanAdi karanA naraka kA kAraNa kahA hai| paMcama kAla meM bhraSTa sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA batalAte hue carcA saMgraha meM310 kahA hai ki " sAr3he sAta karor3a jinamudrAdhArI nagna dravyaliMgI muni pariNAma bhraSTa naraka jAsI bahuri yAkA sevaka zraddhAnI purUSa 55 karor3a 65 lAkha 25

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sadopa zramaNa 267 hajAra 5 sau bIsa bhraSTa guru kA zraddhAnI paMcamakAla meM naraka jAsI, aura parigrahI to narka jAaiMge tinakI saMkhyA naahii| zramaNAcAra ke svarUpa para evaM usake bhraSTAcAra para jaba hama gaharAI se adhyayana karate haiM to yaha pAte haiM ki bhraSTAcAra kI vibhinna gatividhiyA~ anAdi se milatI haiM, Aja ke samaya yaha koI naI bAta nahIM hai, parantu isakA samaya samaya para virodha huA jisase satyasvarUpa banA rahA yaha bhI satya hai| vaise bhraSTAcAra ke bahuta hada taka uttaradAyI zrAvaka gaNa hI haiM, yadi ve aise zramaNoM ko saMrakSaNa denA banda kara deM to vaha aMkuza meM A sakatA hai| samaya-samaya para jo zramaNoM kI sevA ke lie samitiyA~ banI, ve hI isa svarUpa ke lie sabase jyAdA ghAtaka rahIM, kyoMki isase Ama AdamI kI jimmevArI samApta ho jAtI hai, tathA viziSTa netA bhraSTAcAra ko poSita karate rahate haiN| zramaNa saMgha kI sevA ke lie prAcInakAla meM samitiyA~ banatI thI, jisakA pariNAma dekheM "yaha vIra saMvat 840 veM varSa kI dazA kA varNana (vizeSa rUpa se zvetAmbarIya sampradAya ke pariprekSya meM ) hai| -"jaina vihAroM ko khUba dAna diyA, prAyaH ( inakI ) AdhI AmadanI sArvajanika karmakANDoM se saMbaddha vyayoM para kharca kI jAtI thI, aura zeSa bhAga AdhA bhikSuoM aura bhikSuNioM ke pAlana-poSaNa meM vyaya hotA thaa| rAjya aura samAja dvArA isa dharma ko pradAna kiyA gayA pracura saMrakSaNa jaina muniyoM ke eka varga meM (zve. sampra. ) zithilatA utpanna kara rahA thaa| inhoMne yaha tarka karanA zurU kara diyA ki unake lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki ve varSa bhara paribhramaNa karate rhe| ve sthAyI rUpa se vihAroM meM basa sakate haiN| kucha bhikSuoM ne raMgIna aura suvAsita vastra dhAraNa karane zurU kiye, anya sAdhuoM ne savAriyoM tathA ArAmadeha bistaroM kA prayoga prArambha kara diyaa| kucha ne bhaviSya kathana kA tathA jinamUrtiyoM ko becane kA pezA zurU kara diyaa| jaina dharma ke kucha netA yathAsamaya ina pravRttiyoM kI nindA karane ke lie Age bar3he, kintu unake prayatna kevala AMzika rUpa se hI saphala hue|"311 vastutaH bhraSTAcAra to tIrthaMkara AdinAtha ke samaya se hI thA usa samaya unake pratipakSa meM 4000 bhraSTa sAdhuoM kI vizAla zrRMkhalA thii| arthAt eka saccA sAdhu va 4000 bhraSTa sAdhuoM kA anupAta thaa| yaha caturthakAla ke tIrthaMkara ke kAla kA anupAta thaa| Aja paMcama kAla kI isa avasarpiNI meM kitanA anupAta hogA yaha to kalpanA kA viSaya hai| vaise Aja jo adhikAMza muniyoM ko "caturthakAlavat" kI upAdhi dI jAtI hai, yaha vastutaH una 4000 sAdhuoM kI zrRMkhalA kI ora saMketa hI hai| ataH bhraSTa sAdhuoM kA virodha kara samApta karanA eka asambhava anuSThAna hai, parantu vivekazIla purupoM ko doSa batalAkara guNoM kI ora Akarpita karanA yaha bhI eka paddhati hai| ataH sadoSa kA svarUpa batalAkara nirdoSa

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268 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA zramaNa svarUpa ko spaSTa karane ke lie apane zodha ke isa prakaraNa ko majabUran prastuta karanA par3A hai| jaise svarNa kA svarUpa batalAne ke pazcAt yaha bhI atiAvazyaka hai ki usa jaise raMga vAle pItala kA bhI svarUpa batalAyA jAe tAki svarNa ke prati pUrNa niSThA, evaM zraddhA va saccA jJAna ho ske| isa prakAra zramaNa para prathama to satya svarUpa para vicAra kiyaa| tatpazcAt usa para dRr3hatA lAne ke lie sadoSa zramaNa svarUpa para vartamAna kI sthiti ko dekhate hue zodhAtmaka dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai| i laM 4 sandarbha grantha 1. mUlAcAra gA. 4/123 2. mUlAcAra gA. 123 kI AcAravRtti ke AdhAra pr| 3. mUlAcAra gA. 124; uttarAdhyayana-paDhamA AvassiyA nAma viiyA ya nisIhiyA evaM dupaMca saMjuttA sAmAyArI paveiyA 26, 27 4. mUlAcAra gA. 4/132 5. vahI gA. 4/133 6. mUlAcAra gA. 140 7. vahI gA. 141 8. jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa, pR. 314, le. zrI bhAgacandra jI bhaaskr| 9. jJAnArNava zloka 923-24, ( solApura prakAzana) 10. mU. A. 516; rAjavArtika 6/22/21/530/11; bha. A./vi. 116/274/16; gha. 8/3, 41/83/10, pu.si.u. 201; cA.sA. 53/3; ana.gha. 8/17, bhA.pA.TI. 77. 11. samayasAra gA. 2 kA hindI TIkAnuvAda 12. mUlAcAra gA. 534-35 13. mUlAcAra gA. 537 14. yo yatra nivasannAste sa tatra kuste ratim / yo yatra ramate taramAdanyatra sa na gacchati / / iSTopadeza zloka 43 grAmo'raNyamiti dvedhA nivAso naatmdrshinaam| dRSTAtmanA nivAsastu viviktAtmaiva nizcalaH / / samAdhitantra zloka 73 "tatheSAM madhye AgamabhAva sAmAyikena no Agama bhAva sAmAyikena ca prayojanamiti" mUlAcAra gA. 518 kI AcAra vRtti| 16. mUlAcAra gA. 519-21 17. mUlAcAra gA. 522 18. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra - sAmayike sArambhAH parigrahA naiva saMti srve'pi| celopa sRpTa muniriva gRhI tadA yAti yati bhAvam / / 102 / / 19. mUlAcAra gA. 533 . 15. ta

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sandarbha sUcI 20. kArtikeyAnuprekSA gAthA 352, 354 21. kasAya pAhuDa jaya dhavalA 1/1/1/81, pRSTha 98 22. mUlAcAra gA. 7/39 23. mUlAcAra gA. 24; uttarAdhyayana 29.9 24. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 118 kI TIkA, pR. 154 25. dharmAmRta (anagAra) 8/37, pR. 579, prakAzaka jJAnapITha, saMskaraNa 1977 26. mUlAcAra gA. 564, jJAnapITha prakAzana saMskaraNa 1984 27. mUlAcAra gA. 543, jJAnapITha prakAzana saMskaraNa 1984 28. dharmAmRta (anagAra) 8/37, pR. jJAnapITha prakAzana saMskaraNa 1977 29. vahI 8/38 30. mahApurANa 25/69-70 31. dharmAmR. (anagAra ) 8/44 32. samayasAra gA. 28 33. vahI gA. 29-33 kA AdhAra 34. samayasAra kalaza 35. ana. dharmAmRta 8 / 46, dhavala 8 / 3.41 /84/3 36. jayadhavalA 1 / 1-1 /86 pRSTha 111 37. uttarAdhyayana 29.11 (zvetA. ) 38. mUlAcAra gA. 578 jJAnapITha prakAzana 39. amitagati, zrAvakAcAra - 8/33 40. siddhAcAryAdi pratibiMbAnAM ca stavanaM sthApanA vaMdanA niryuktiH, mUlAcAra gA. 577 kI vRtti - 26 1 269 41. 9/4, 1.68/326/1 42. tamAdAhI padAhiNaM tikkhutaM tiyoNadaM caduziraM bArasAvattaM taM savva kiriyAkammaM NAma Sa. kha. 13 /5, 4 / sU. 28/88 43. kaSAyapAhuDa, 1/1, 1 / 1 /118 / 2 - jiNAsiddhAiriyaM - - - taM kidiyammaM NAma / 44. sAmAyika stavapUrvaka kAyotsargazcaturviMzatistava paryantaH kRtikarmetyucyate, mUlAcAra gA. 602 kI TIkA / jJAnapITha prakAzana 45. bhagavatI ArAdhanA TIkA 421 /614/10 46. kRtikarma pApavinAzanopAya - mUlAcAra vRtti 7 / 79 47. kadi ANadaM kadi siraM kadi Avatta gehiM parisuddhaM / kadidosa vippamukkaM kidiyammaM hodi kAdavvaM / / mUlAcAra 7/80 48. mUlAcAra gA. 592, bha. A. vijayodayA TIkA gA. 118, pRSTha 154, (zolApura prakAzana 78) 49. mUlAcAra 7/94

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270 50. vahI 7/105 51. rAjavArtika 9/44/1 52. mUlAcAra 7/101 53. mUlAcAra 7/102 54. dhavala 13/5, 4, 28/89/1 55. cattAri paDikkamaNe kidiyammA tiNNi hoMti sajjhAe / puvva avara kidiyammA coddasA hoMti / / mUlAcAra 7/103 / / 56. mUlAcAra vRtti 7/104 57. vahI 7/104 58. vahI 59. vahI; anagAra dharmAmRta 8/88-89 60. mUlAcAra savRtti 7/106-1101 61. yo. sA. a. 5/50 kRtAnAM karmaNAM 62. ni. sA. gA. 82. 63. pra. sA. tA. vR. 207/281 64. 65. 66. mU. A. 26 67. . 13/5, 4, 26/60/8 68. mUlAcAra 7/116 69. bha. A. vi. 116/275/14. 70. bha. A.vi. 115/275/14 71. vahI 509/728/14 72. sa. sA. tA. tR. gA. 307 73. vahI gA 283 sa. si. 9 / 22, rA. vA. 9/22/3; ta. sA. 7 / 239 8/3, 41/84/6 jaina bhramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 79. mUlAcAra 7/103 80. ana. dha. 9/38 * pratikramaNamIryate / ------- 81. sa. sA. mU. 384 82. ni. sA. mU.gA. 95, 97, 104 83. yogasAra (amitagati kRta) 5 / 51 74. sa. sA. gA. 284-285 bhAvArtha jayacandra kRta 75. rA. vA. 9/22/4 76. sarva pratikramaNamAlocanApUrvakameva / tatvArthavArtika 9/22/4 77. mUlAcAra gA. 7/121 78. cAritrasAra 141/4

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sandarbha sUcI 84. ni. sA. tA.vR. 95 85. rA. vA. 6/24/11 86. 87. 88. mU. A. 27 89. vahI gA 639-40 90. bhagavatI ArAdhanA TIkA sahita 509 91. vahI 1/27 92. 93. 94. 6/1, 9-1, 24/44/4 8/3, 41/85/1 sthAnAMga sUtra 3 / 27, 5 / 221 samayasAra gAthA 34 jai. si. ko. pU. 627 95. mU.A.gA. 28 9. rA. vA. 6/24/11, 530 / 14, bha.A.vi. 6/32/21 97. ni. sA. gA. 121 98. kArtikeyAnuprekSA gA. 467-68 99. mUlAcAra 662, 668; ana dha. 8/76 100. vahI 667, 671-672 101. vahI gA 656 102. mUlAcAra gA. 659-60 103. jogesu mUlajogaM bhikkhAcariyaM ca vaNNiyaM sutte / to puNo jogA viNNANavihINa ehiM kayA / / mUlA. 10/46 / / 104. mUlAcAra 10/40 105. vahI, AcAravRtti 10/26 106. vahI / 10/25 107. piNDa niyukti gA. 6 108. piNDa zuddhimAhAra zuddhimiti - mUlAcAra, piNDa zuddhi adhikAra gA. 1 109. trayANAM zarIrANAM SaNNAM paryAptInAM yogya pudgala grahaNAmAhAraH 2/30/320 133 110. anagAra dharmAmRta svopajJa jJAnadIpikA 3 / 9, pR. 495 111. AhAradaMsaNeNa ya tassuvajogeNa omakoThAe / sAdidarudIraNAe havadi hu AhArasaNNA hu / / go. sA. jI. gA. 135 112. mUlAcAra 7/147; anagAra dharmA. 7/13 113. vahI 7/148 271 sarvArthasi. 114. vRhatkalpabhASya 1363 115. . jainendra siddhAnta koSa bhAga 1, pRSTha 285, dvitIya saMskaraNa, isa sUcI ke pramANa

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272 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA gha. 1/1.1, 176/409/10; ni.sA./tA.vR. 63 meM uddhRta; pra.sA. tA.va. 20 meM uddhRta prakSepaka gA.saM. 2, sa.sA./tA.va. 405 mU.A. 676; rA.vA. 7/21/8/548/8; ana.gha. 7/13/667, lA.saM. 2/16-17 116. nirgrantha guru kI mahimA - samanvayavANI sitambara prathama san, 86 ( carcAvarNana se uddhRta) 117. vihitavidhinA deha sthityai tapAhayupavaMhaya, nnazanamaparairbhaktyA dattaM svcikiydicchti| tadapi nitarAM lajjAhetuH kilAsya mahAtmanaH, kathamayamaho gRNhAtyanayAn prigrhdurgrhaan|| 158 / / AtmAnuzAsana 118. mUlAcAra 6/62 119. jatAsAdhaNametaM - vahI 6/64, bhujati muNI pANadhAraNaNimitaM-vahI 9/49 120. vahI 9/48 121. tatvArtha vArtika 9/5/6 122. uttarAdhyayana 8/11 123. bhagavatI sUtra 1/9 sUtra 438, aMgasutrANi bhAga2,pR. 73 124. jJAtAdharma kathA a. 2 tathA 8 125. rayaNasAra 107 126. mUlAcAra 6/60; uttarA 26. 33, 6.14, 8.10-12,12-35 127. vahI 6/61, uttarA. 19.76-77, 15.8 128. mUlAcAra 6/59 129. mUlAcAra vRtti 6/61 130. veyaNa veyAvacce iriyaTThAe ya saMjamaTThAe taha pANavatiyAe chaTheM tuNa dhrmaacintaae|| sthAnA. 6/41, uttarA. 26/33 AyaM ke upasagge titikkhayA bmbhcergutiisu| pANidayA tavaheuM sarIra - voccheynntttthaae|| sthAnA. 6/42, uttarA. 26/35 rayaNasAra gA. 108; cArijasAra 78 tatvArthavArtika 9/6/16 132. ana.gha. 6/49 133. nirgrantha guru kI mahimA - samanvaya vANI navambara prathama-86 134. mUlAcAra 9/49 135. jaha sagaDakkho vaMgo koraI bharavahaNa kAraNA nnvrN| taha guNabhAra vahaNatthaM, AhAro baMbhayArINaM / uttarAdhyayana vRhadvRti 8/11,patra 294, 136. tatvArthavArtika 9/6/16 137. dazavaikAlika 5/1/1 kI jinadAsa kRtacUrNi pR. 167-168 138. dazavaikAlika haribhadrIya TIkA patra 18 139. dazavaikAlika kI agastyasiMha cUrNi pR. 99

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sandarbha sUcI 273 140. tatvArthavArtika 9/6/16 141. carcA saMgraha pR. 119/ sampAdaka DaoN. yogeza candra jaina 142. bhUlAcAra vRtati sahita 6/73 143. mUlAcAra vRtti - gA. 492 (jJAnapITha prakAzana) 144. mUlAcAra vRtti 5/121 145. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1200 kI vijayodayA TIkA pR. 607-8, prakAzaka jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solApura, saMskaraNa 1978 146. uttarAdhyayana 26/11-12 147. dazAzruta skandha 2/3 148. dazavakAlika 8/28 149. mUlAcAra 5/99 150. dazavaikAlika 5/1/8 151. mUlAcAra gA. 494, jJAnapITha prakAzana, saMskaraNa 1984 152. vahI gA. 493 153. bha.A.gA. 1200 kI vijayodayA TIkA pR. 608-609, (saMskaraNa 1978) solApura prakAzana 154. mUlAcAra vRtti 5/121 155. mUlAcAra gA. 355 kI vRtti; anagAra dharmAmRta svopajJavRtimeM "kAMsyabhAjanena rupyabhAjanena suvarNabhAjanena manmayabhAjanena vA dadAti tadA gRhISyAmIti----- 17/26 ' 156. gattApaccAgaMda ujjuvIhi gomuttiyaM ca pelaviyaM / sambUkA vaTaeNpi ya padaMgavIdhI ya goyriyaa|| bhagavatI A. vi. TIkA - 220 (solApura prakAzana ) 157. vidyudiva svAM tanuM ca darzayet - bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA - 1206 / 158. picchaM kamaNDalu vAmahaste skandhe tu dkssinnm| hastaM nidhAya saMdRSTayA sa vrajeta zrAvakAlayam / dharma rasika 12/70 pR. 354 159. AdipurANa pR. 459 alIgaMja ke mandira meM sthita hastalikhita prati se| 160. mUlAcAra 6/20 161. vahI 9/46 162. aNNada maNuNNAdaM bhikkhaNiccuccamajhima kulesu| ghara paMtihi hiDAMti ya moNeNa muNI smaaditi|| mUlAcAra 9/47 163. nIcoccamadhyamakulesu daridrezvara samAna gRhiSu gRhapaMktyA hiMDati paryaTati - mUlAcAra ...vRtti 9/47

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274 164. mUlAcAra 9/47, bha. A. vijayodayA TIkA 1200 165. kulaM saMbaMdhi samavAto, tadAlayo vA - dazavai. agastyasiMha cUrNi pR. 103 166. dazavai. haribhadrIya TIkA patra 166 167. mUlg2acAra 6/79 168. daridra kulAni utkramADhya kulAni na pravizet / bha.A.gA. 1200 kI vijayodayA 169. bha. A. vijayodayA TIkA gA. 1200 170. dazavaikAlika 5/1/17 171. nizItha 16/17 172. dazavaikAlika 5/1/16 173. vadasIlaguNA jamhA bhikkhA cariyA visuddhieM DhaMti / tamhA bhikkhAcariyaM sohiya sAhU sadA vihArijja / / mUlAcAra 10/112 174. vahI 10/113 175. NavakoDI parisuddhaM dasadosa vivajjiyaM malavisuddha / muMjuMti pANipatte pareNa dattaM paragharammi / / vahI 9/45 176. mUlAcAra vRtti 6 / 63, 9/45 177. sthAnAMga 9 / 30 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 178. NaharomajaMtu aTTho kaNa kuMDayapUyimmarUhirabhraMsANi / mUlAcAra 6/65 179. mUlAcAra gA. 484 kI pR. 363 180. vahI gA. 482-83 (jJAnapITha prakAzana ) 181. pravacanasArodvAra gA. 742, pR. 299 182. uttarAdhyayana- 32.11 183. kalpasUtra 9 vAM adhyAya pR. 112, prakAzaka TIkA, saMskaraNa vi. saM. 1962 184. vhii| - bhImasiMha mANeka bambaI, gujarAtI 185. "jaina AcAra" pR. 157 (le. mohanalAla mehatA ) 186. kalpasUtra - gujarAtI TIkA 9 vA vyAkhyAna 111 pRSTha; saMskaraNa - vikrama saMvat 1962, prakAzaka bhImasiMha mANeka, bambaI / 187. AcArAMgasUtra 10 vAM adhyAya, caturtha uddezya ke 565 vAM sUtra pR. 175 pro. rAvajIbhAI devarAja dvArA prakAzita - saMskaraNa vi. saM. 1962, morabI kAThiyAvADa 188. AcArAMga sUtra, 10 vAM adhyAya 9 vAM uddezya 619 sUtra pR. 201, pro. rAvajIbhAI dvArA prakAzita - 189. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa bhAga 1 pRSTha 111 se 112 / prakAzaka pA.vi. zra. / sampAdaka dalasukhamalavaNiyA / mohanalAla mehatA 190. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. saM. 1200 kI vijayodayA TI.

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sandarbha sUcI 191. sIodagaM na sevejjA silAvuTThe himANi ya / usiNodagaM tatra phAsUyaM paDigAhejja sNje|| dazavaikAlika 8/6 192. mUlAcAra 5 / 13 193. uttarAdhyayana 2/4-5 194. mUlAcAra gA. 421 ( jJAnapITha prakAzana ); uttarA 24/11-12 195. pagadA asao jamA tamAdo davvadoti taM davvaM / phAsugamidi siddhevi ya appaTThakadaM asuddhaM tu / / 485 / / jamacyA pade madadaye macchayA hi majjati / hi maMDUgA evaM paramaTThakade jadi visuddha / / 486 / / mUlAcAra 196. mUlAcAra 10/43, 6/68 197. vahI 10/31-32 198. vahI- 10/29 199. digambara muni - pR. 26 (AryikA jJAnamatI ) 200. kArtikeyAnuprekSA - dvitIya tRtIyA vA bhUmi : sA mAlArohamityucyate - gA. 449 pR. 338 (rAjacanda Azrama prakAzana ) 201. mUlAcAra gA. 425 se 444 taka ke AdhAra para 202. mUlAcAra gA. 445 se 461 ke AdhAra para 203. mUlAcAra 6/3; dazavaikAlika 10/4 204 bhikSuvicAra darzana pR. 12 ( bhikSu yaza rasAyaNa DhAla 5, gA. 15-16 ) 205. bha. mU. 4/95-500 va ana. dha. ke AdhAra para 206. ana. dha. 9 / 94, 96 207. liMga pAhur3a gA. 13 208. rA. vA. 9/6/597/29 209. mokSamArga prakAzaka pR. 184 (6 vAM adhyAya) dekheM 210. syaNasAra 23 - 211. mU. A. 491 212. mUlAcAra 5 / 153 213. pra. sA. / mU. 229 ----- 214 aupapAtika sUtra 19 9/92 15. mU. A. 492; ana. gha. 16. mU. A. 482 1 vihi di 217. ma.pu. 20/86-87; pu.si. u. 169; cA. sA. 26/3 para uddhavasu. zrI. 225 kA. a. paM. jayacandra- 360; dAnazAsana a. 5 275 ---- aparipUrNodare yathAlabdhaH / 218. rA. vA 7/39/4/559 / 29 guNa. zrI. 15, pu. si. u. zloka 169, sA.dha. 5/47 219. bha. A.vi. 1206 /1204

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276 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA 220. mUlAcAra 1/34; bhaga. A. 1208 vijayodayA; ana.dha. 9/94 221. prava. sAra mU. 229 222. pa.pu. 4/97 223. sA.gha. 4/35 224. vahI 4/34 225. AvazyakacUrNi pUrvabhAga pR. 271; AcArAMga cUrNi pR. 309 226. zramaNa mahAvIra pR. 109 227. bha.A.vi. utthAnikA 142 228. bha.A.gA. 142-150 229. vahI gA. 152 kI vijayodayA ttiikaa| 230. mU.A. 304-306 231. bha.A.gA. 154 kI vijayodayA 232. mUlAcAra gA. 146-47 AcAravRtti sahita 233. vahI gA. 148 234. mU. A. gA. kramazaH 150-155, 989, 960 235. sajjanacittavallabha zloka 18, "ekAkIviharatyanAsthita valIvardo yathAsvecchayA 236. tyaktagurukula ekAkitvena svacchandavihArI jinavacanadUpako mRgacAritraH svacchandaH iti (cAritra dharmaprakAza paM. 202) 237. sU.pA.gA. 9 238. AdipurANa pR. 545 ( hastalikhitaprati, alIgaMja jaina mandira ) 235. sUtra kRtAMga, pR. 142 ( sampAdaka madhukara muni, byAvara prakAzana ) 240. dazA zru. ska.sU. 1-2; dazavai.a. 9 sU. 3-4 241. bha.A.gA. 626-638. 229 242. vahI gA. 228, 625 243. vahI gA. 228, 635 244. mUlAcAra gA. 949, jJAnArNava, 27/31, ana. gha. 3/30 245. kirAtArjunIya sarga 2, zloka 6 245. mU. A. gA. 950, bha. A. gA. 231, bo. pA.gA. 42, ta.sU. 7/6, sa.si. 9/19, rA.vA. 9/6/16, gha. 13/5, 4, 26/58/8, ratna. zrA. 111 kI TIkA, padmapurANa parva 30,36 247. ma. A. 785, bo. pA.TI. 42, bha. A. gA. 234, 236, 237 248. kArtikeyAnuprekSA gAthA 449, pR. 336-69 249. varSAkAlasya caturSu mAseSu ekatraivAvasthAnaM bhramaNatyAgaH,- mUlAcAra savRtti 10/18, bha.A.vi.TI. 421 250. bha.A. vi. TI. 421; vRhtakalpabhASya bhAga 3 (zve. ) gA. 2736-37 251. AcArAMga sUtra 3/3/1/111 252. vRhat kalpa bhASya 1/36

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sandarbha sUcI 277 253. anagAra dharmAmRta 9/66-67 254. anagAra dharmAmRta 9/68-69 255. AsAr3ha puNNimAe vAsAvAsaM vasittae-kalpasUtra sUtra 17 kI TIkA 256. kalpasUtra niyukti gA. 16, kalpasUtra cUrNipRSTha 89 257. koI savvasamattho -------------. vAso tado nniido|| mUlAcAra 4/145-47 258. AesaM ejjattaM sahasA daLUNa sNjdaasvve| vacchallANAsaMgahapaNamaNahetuM smudruti|| mUlAcAra 4/160 259. paccuggamaNaM ------------ kujjA / / vahI 4/161 260. vissamido tadivasaM --------- vahI 4/165 261. Aesassa tirattaM - parikkhaNAheUM / / vahI 4/162 262. vahI 4/166-67 263. sa.si. 7/22 264. rA.vA. 7/22/6-7; pu.si. 30,177-178 265. sa.si. 7/22 266. sa.si. 7/22 -"samyakkAyakaSAyalekhanA sallekhanA" 267. paM.kA. tA.va.gA. 173 268. mU.A.gA. 39-45 269. bha.A.gA. 71-74; rA.vA. 7/22/11, ra.ka.zrA. 122, sA.gha. 8/9-10 270. bha.A.gA. 76 271. vahI vijayo. gA. 18 272. bha.A.gA. 384-400 273. bha.A.gA. 401, 402, 409 274. bha.A.gA. 649-672 275. NijjavayA ya doNNi vi hoti jahaNNeNa kaalsNsynnaa| ekko NijjAvayao Na hoi kaiyAvi jinnsutte|| 672 / / ego jai Nijjavao appA catto paro pavayaNaM ca vasaNamasamAdhimaraNaM uDDAho duggadI caavi|| 673 / / bhagavatI aaraadhnaa| 276. ma.A. gA. 649-672 277. vahI gA. 679-683 276. mUlAcAra gA. 95 273. mUlAcAra gA. 997-98 (jJAnapITha prakAzana ) 280. bhA.saM.jai.yo. 45. 281. bhA.saM.jai. yo. 45. 282. jai. sA. iti. 480-81. 283. itastatazca trasyato vibhAvaryA yathA mRgAH / vanAdvizantyupagrAmaM kalau kapnaM tapasvinaH / / 197 / /

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278 jaina-zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 284. apare punadravyajinaliMga dhAriNo maThapatayo mlecchanti mlecchA ivaacrnti| lokazAstra viruddhamAcAraM carantItyarthaH. --------- jai.sA. iti.pR. 488. 285. jaina nibaMdha ratnAvalI, pR. 405 286. ta.sa.a.9 sU. 47. 287. "kyA cAhate hai ye bheSadhArI muni" - le.paM. satyandhara kumAra seThI, (isameM sudharmasAgara ne le. ko mArane ke lie anazana para baiThe aura kahA ki jAo mAro, pITo ---- lAza mere sAmane lAo karo taiyArI julUsa kI" ) samanvaya vANI, maI (prathama) 1987. 288. paripatraka kramAMka 21, tA. 1-10-88. 289. paMDitai bhraSTacAritrairvaTharaizca tapodhanaH / zAsanaM jinacandrayasya nirmalaM malinIkRtam / / ana.dha.pR. 182 pruddhRt| 230. jaina sandeza, 2 disambara san 1982, sampAdakIya (paM. kailAzacandra jI siddhAntazAstrI) 291. jaina sandeza 5 mArca, 1981, prakAzita samAcAra ke AdhAra pr| 292. "zramaNajaina" 1956 pR. 34 293. jaina sAdhu sammelana kA itihAsa le. durlabhajI jauharI, pR. 38-39. 291. vahI, prArambhika prstaavnaa| 295. manu TAimsa, mArca dvitIya Adi aMkoM se 1987. 296. jaina sandeza 14 jau. 1983 - sampAdakIya - paM. kailAzacandra jii| 297. vIravANI agasta, 1959, smpaadkiiy| 298. dharma ke dazalakSaNa pR. 244-45, le.DaoN. hukamacanda bhaarill| 299. jaina sandeza aMka 21-28 disambara 89, pRSTha 1. 300. bAlA vayaMti evaM vaiso titthakarANa esovi| NamaNijjayo dhidri aho sirazUlaM kassa pukkrigo|| 76 / / saMbodha prkrnn|| 301. mokSa pAhuDa gA. 78-79. 302. mokSamArga prakAzaka pR. 184-187 kA sArAMza 303. mokSamArga prakAzaka pR. 179. 304. bha. A. 290-293, ra.sA. 106-114. 305. bhA.pA. 155. 306. ra.ka. zrA. 33. 307. mUlAcAra gA. 595. 308. mUlAcAra gA. 494-96, bha.A. 1289 se 1306, cA.dha.pra.pa. 200-1. 309. cA.dha.pra.pU. 201.. . 310. carcA saMgraha (ha.li. ) pR. 154 311. bhAratIya jana kA itihAsa pR. 413 - sampAdaka DaoN. rameza candra majUmadAra evaM DaoN. ananta prakAza sadAzita altekr|

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caturtha adhyAya jaina zramaNa ke bheda-prabheda jaina zramaNa ke aneka bheda jo AcArya, upAdhyAya, tathA tIrthaMkara Adi kI apekSA se jainAgama meM milate haiM, ve vastutaH cAritragata nahIM hai; apitu ve bheda prazAsanika, athavA adhyApana vyavasthA athavA viziSTa puNyodaya kI apekSA se haiN| sAmAnyataH sabhI zramaNa barAbara hI haiN| unameM pUjyatA Adi kI apekSA se koI vizeSa bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo AcArya upAdhyAya va sAdhu ke bheda haiM ve saba zramaNa zabda ke vAcya haiN|' pravacanasAra tatvapradIpikA meM to sabhI ko samAna rUpa se namaskAra karate hue kahA ki "jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra aura vIryAcArayukta hone se jinhoMne zuddhopayoga rUpa bhUmikA ko prApta kiyA hai, aise zramaNoM ko - jo ki AcAryatva upAdhyAyatva aura sAdhutva rUpa vizeSoM se viziSTa hai, unheM-namaskAra karatA huuN| cattAri daNDaka (maMgala, zaraNa, uttama ) meM bhI sAdhu ko namaskAra karake AcArya evaM upAdhyAya ko bhI saMgRhIta kara liyA hai| ina AcAryAdika tInoM kA eka hI prayojana rahatA hai, kriyA bhI eka hai, bAhya veSa, bAraha prakAra kA tapa aura paMca mahAvrata bhI eka haiN| teraha prakAra kA cAritra samatA, mUla tathA uttara-guNa, saMyama, parISaha aura upasargoM kA sahana, AhArAdika kI vidhi, caryA, zayyA, aura Asana, mokSamArga rUpa AtmA ke samyagdarzana-jJAna va cAritra - isa prakAra ye aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga ratnatraya, dhyAtA, dhyAna va dhyeya, jJAtA, jJeyAdhIna jJAna, cAra prakAra kI ArAdhanA, tathA krodha Adi ko jItanA ye saba samAna va eka haiN| adhika kahA~ taka kahA jAe, una tInoM kI saba hI viSayoM meM samAnatA hai| tathA ye tInoM hI AtmA kI paryAyeM batalAte hue kahA ki "arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye pA~ca eka AtmA meM hI ceSTA rUpa haiN| parantu inameM AcArya aura upAdhyAya pada upadhi rUpa haiM, aura mukti to sAdhu avasthA se hotI hai| isI kAraNa sallekhanA ke samaya, AcArya, upAdhyAya pada ko upadhi rUpa hone se use tyAga kara sAdhu dazA svIkAra kI jAtI hai| isa sambandha meM paMcAdhyAyIkA kahate haiM ki, "paramAgama meM yaha anvartha maMda prasiddha hai ki vAstava meM sAdhu pada ke grahaNa ki kisI ko bhI kevalajJAna kI utA hotI

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280 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA hai| tathA vahA~ pratyakSa jJAtA sarvajJadeva ne yaha acchI taraha kahA hai ki, zreNI para adhisda AcArya Adi ko kSaNa bhara meM vaha sAdhu pada svayaM prApta ho jAtA hai| kyoMki vaha AcArya aura upAdhyAya zreNI car3hane ke kAla meM sampUrNa cintAoM ke nirodha rUpa dhyAna ko avazya hI dhAraNa karate haiN| ataH siddha hotA hai ki zreNIkAla meM unako anAyAsa hI vaha sAdhu pada prApta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki vahA~ para nizcaya se bAhya upayoga ke lie bilakula avakAza nahIM miltaa| kintu aisA nahIM hai ki AcArya, zreNI ke ArohaNa kAla meM pahile chedApasthApanArUpa cAritra karake pIche sAdhu pada ko grahaNa karate hoN| yadyapi, AcArya-upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu meM svarUpa kI apekSA se koI vizeSa bheda nahIM hai| tathApi kArya bheda kI apekSA se unameM bheda karate hue kahA hai ki, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu isa prakAra guru kI tIna avasthAe~ hotI haiM, kyoMki ye tInoM mani-kaMjara AcArya Adi vizeSa-vizeSa pada meM Arur3ha mAne jAte haiN| sAmAnyataH ye tIna bheda haiM, parantu aura vizeSa Antarika vyavasthA ke dRSTikoNa se pravartaka, sthavira aura gaNadhara sahita zramaNoM ke pA~ca bheda ho jAte haiN| ina pramukha bhedoM kA svarUpa yahA~ kramazaH prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. AcArya NamokAra mahAmaMtra ke tIsare nambara para AcArya parameSThI ko smaraNa karake, unakI zreSThatA va mahanIyatA pradarzita kI gayI hai, jo ki AcArya pada ke apratima garimA va gaurava kI pratIka hai| zramaNa saMgha kI saMskRti meM nAyaka ke rUpa meM "AcArya" pada kA atyanta mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| jo zramaNa paMca prakAra ke AcAra ko niraticAra rUpa se svayaM pAlatA hai, aura ina AcAroM meM dUsaroM ko bhI pravRtta karAtA hai, tathA AcAra kA ziSyoM ko bhI upadeza detA hai use AcArya kahate haiN| dhavalA meM AcArya kI vistRta vivecanA karate hue kahA ki "pravacanarupI samudra ke jala ke madhya meM snAna karane se arthAt paramAtmA ke paripUrNa abhyAsa se aura anubhava se jinakI buddhi nirmala ho gayI hai, jo nirdoSa rIti se chaha AvazyakoM kA pAlana karate haiM, jo meru ke samAna niSkampa haiM, zUravIra haiM, siMha ke samAna nirbhIka haiM, jo zreSTha haiM, deza-kula aura jAti se zuddha haiM, saumyamUrti haiM, antaraMga aura bahiraMga parigraha se rahita haiM, AkAza ke samAna nirlepa hai-aise AcArya parameSThI haiN| jo saMgha ke saMgraha arthAt dIkSA aura nigraha arthAt zikSA yA prAyazcitta dene meM kuzala haiM, jo sUtra arthAt paramAgama ke artha meM vizArada haiM, jinakI kIrti saba jagaha phaila rahI hai, jo AcaraNa, niSedha, aura vratoM kI rakSA karane vAlI kriyAoM meM nirantara udyata haiM, unheM AcArya parameSThI samajhanA caahie| jo darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya ina pA~ca AcAroM kA svayaM pAlana karate haiM aura dUsare sAdhuoM se pAlana karAte haiM unheM AcArya kahate haiN| jo caudaha vidyA sthAnoM meM pAraMgata ho, gyAraha aMgoM ke dhArI ho, athavA AcArAMga mAtra ke dhArI ho, athavA tatkAlIna

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jaina zramaNa ke bheda-prabheda 281 sva-samaya aura parasamaya meM pAraMgata ho, meru ke samAna nizcala ho, pRthvI ke samAna sahanazIla ho, jinhoMne samudra ke samAna mala arthAt doSoM ko bAhara pheMka diyA ho, jo sAta prakAra ke bhaya se rahita ho, unheM AcArya kahate haiN| AcArya pUjyapAda evaM akalaMkadeva ne saMkSipta meM batalAte hue kahA ki "jisake nimitta se vratoM kA AcaraNa karate haiM vaha AcArya kahalAtA hai| AcArya pada ke guNa - AcArya zivArya ne AcArya ke guNoM ko batalAte hue kahA ki AcArya AcAravAn, AdhAravAn, vyavahAravAn, kartA, AyAtapAyadarzanodyota aura utpIlaka hotA hai| tathA vaha aparisahasrAvI, nirvApaka, niryApaka, prasiddha kIrtimAna aura niryApana ke guNoM se paripUrNa hotA hai| bodhapAhuDa kI TIkA meM 36 guNa udadhRta kiye haiM-AcAravAn, zrutAdhAra, prAyazcitta, AsAnAdita, AyApAyakathI, doSabhASaka, azrAvaka, santoSakArI, niryApaka, ye ATha guNa tathA anudiSTa bhojI, zayyAsana aura Arogabhuk, kriyAyukta, vratamAna, jyeSThasadgaNa, pratikramI, SaNmAsayogI do niSadyaka, 12 tapa aura chaha Avazyaka ye 36 guNa AcAryoM haiN|10 AcArya zivArya ne 36 guNoM kI carcA alaga se karate hue kahA ki "AcAravatva Adi 5 guNa, dasa prakAra kI sthiti kalpa, bAraha tapa, chaha Avazyaka, ye chattIsa guNa hote haiN| 1. AzAdhara ne apanI TIkA meM chattIsa guNa saMskRta TIkA meM vijayodayA ke anusAra batalAkara prAkRta TIkA ke anusAra aTThAisa mUlaguNa aura AcAravatva Adi ATha isa taraha chattIsa batalAe haiN| AcAravatva Adi ATha guNa - AcAravatva, AdhAravatva, vyavahArapaTutA, prakArakatva, AyApAya darzitA, utpIlaka, aparisravaNa aura sukhAvahana 1. AcAravatva - AcAra ke pA~ca bheda haiM-jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra, aura vIryAcAra / (ka) jJAnAcAra - jisase AtmA kA yathArtha svarupa jAnA jAtA hai, tathA jisase.AtmA karma bandhanoM se mukta hotA hai vahI jJAnAcAra hai| (kha) darzanAcAra - jIvAdi padArthoM kA zradAna karanA, athavA 25 mala-doSa rahita samyaktva kA dhAraNa karanA darzanAcAra hai| (ga) cAritrAcAra - pApa-kriyA se nivRtti cAritra hai| vaha prANivadha, asatya, corI, abrahma, aura aparigraha inase nivRtti rUpa meM hotI hai|

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282 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA (gha) tapAcAra - jo zarIra aura indriyoM ko tapAtA hai-dahana karatA hai, vaha tapa hai| yaha bAhya aura abhyaMtara rUpa do bhedoM meM hai| ina donoM ke bhI chaha-chaha ke bheda se bAraha bheda ho jAte haiN| (Da) vIryAcAra - apane bala aura vIrya ko na chipAkara jo sAdhu yathokta AcaraNa meM apane ko lagAtA hai, tapa ke prati utsAhita rahatA hai, vaha vIryAcAra hai| ina pA~coM kA pAlana karanA-karAnA hI AcAravatva hai| 2. AdhAravatva - jisa zrutajJAna rUpI sampatti kI tulanA koI bhI nahIM kara sakatA, usako, athavA nau pUrva, dazapUrva, yA caudaha pUrva taka ke zrutajJAna ko athavA kalpa vyavahAra ke dhAraNa karane ko AdhAravatva kahate haiN| 3. vyavahAra paTutA - vyavahAra kA artha yahA~ prAyazcitta se hai, vaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai| isakI kuzalatA hI vyavahAra paTutA hai| jinhoMne aneka bAra prAyazcitta dete hue dekhA hai, svayaM grahaNa kiyA hai, dUsaroM ko dilavAyA hai, vahI vyavahAra paTu hai| 4. prakArakatva - jo samAdhimaraNa karAne meM yA usakI vaiyAvRtya meM kuzala hai, unheM paricArI athavA prakArI kahate haiM, yaha guNa prakArakatva kahalAtA hai| 5. AyApAyadarzitA - ___ AlocanA karane ke lie udyata hue kSapaka (samAdhi-maraNa karane vAlA sAdhu) ke guNa dopoM ko prakAzita karane ko AyApAyadarzitA athavA guNadoSapravaktRtA kahate haiN| 6. utpIlaka - koI sAdhu yA kSapaka yadi doSoM ko pUrNatayA nahIM nikAlatA hai, to usake doSoM ko yukti aura bala se bAhara nikAla denA utpIlana guNa hai| 7. aparisavaNa - ziSya ke gaupya doSa ko sunakara jo prakaTa nahIM karate haiM unake aparisravaNa guNa hotA hai|

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jaina zramaNa ke bheda-prabheda 8. sukhAvaha kSudhAdi se pIr3ita sAdhu ko uttama kathA Adi ke dvArA zAMta karake sukhI karate haiM, ve sukhAvaha guNa ke dhArI haiN| 283 sthiti kalpa ke daza bheda Acelakya, auddezika, piMDa tyAga, zayyAdhara piMDa tyAga, kRti karma, vratAropaNa yogyatA, jyeSThatA, pratikramaNa, mAsaikavAsitA aura yoga, isa prakAra dasa sthitikalpa ke dhArI hote haiN| chaha AvazyakoM kA varNana 28 mUlaguNoM meM hI ho cukA hai| tapa 12 prakAra kA batalAyA hai - anazana, avamaudarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, viviktazayyAsana, kAyakleza-yeM chaha bahiraMga tapa haiM / prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga evaM dhyAna, ye antaraMga tapa haiN| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra zlo - 5 kI paM. sadAsukha dAsa kRta SoDazakAraNa bhAvanA meM AcArya bhakti meM-12 tapa, 6 Avazyaka, 5 AcAra, 10 dharma, 3 gupti ke bheda se 36 guNa kahe haiN| isI prakAra ke guNa budhajana kavi kRta ipTachattIsI meM milate haiN| 11 - uttarAdhikArI AcArya va niyukti vidhi zramaNoM ke saMgha kA saMrakSaka AcArya hotA hai| isI kAraNa zramaNa saMskRti meM "AcArya pada" kA atyadhika mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| isalie AcAryapada kI pAtratA para jaina dharma meM paryApta sUkSmatA va gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / jaba saMgha kA AcArya yaha dekhatA hai ki merA aba samAdhimaraNa kA kAla hai / taba vaha apane pada kA yogyatama uttarAdhikArI cayana karatA hai| uttarAdhikArI ke cayana meM AcArya atyadhika viveka kA paricaya dete haiM, manacAhe jisa kisI ko AcArya nahIM banA dete haiM, apitu jo rUpa se, vaya se, yogyatA se ati viziSTa ho, akhaNDa AcArI, prAyazcita vidhi kA anubhavI, sabala doSoM se rahita, niH kapAya cAritra vAlA, tathA saMgha ke sabhI zramaNa jisake AcArya hone kI kalpanA kara rahe hoM - aise sarvamAnya zramaNa vizeSa ko hI AcArya pada se pratiSThApita karate haiN| uparyukta yogyatAdhArI zramaNa ko AcArya pada para pratiSThApana vidhi kA svarUpa batalAte hue AcArya zivArya kahate haiM ki, AcArya apanI Ayu kI sthiti kA vicAra kara sampUrNa saMgha ko aura bAlAcArya ko bulAkara zubha-dina, zubhakaraNa, zubha nakSatra aura lagna meM tathA zubha deza meM gaccha kA pAlana karane yogya guNoM se vibhUSita apane samAna bhikSu kA vicAra karane ke pazcAt vaha dhIra-vIra AcArya upadeza dekara usa bAlAcArya ko apanA gaNa sauMpa dete haiN|

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA tadanantara ve samasta caturvidha saMgha se kahate haiM ki jJAna-darzana aura cAritrAtmaka dharmatIrtha kI vyucchitti na ho, ataH saba guNoM se yukta jAnakara inheM maiMne apanA uttarAdhikArI banAyA hai| aba yaha tumhArA AcArya hai / Apa isa gaNa kA pAlana kreN| itanA kahakara ve apane dvArA svIkRta usa AcArya ko saMgha ke madhya meM virAjamAna karake svayaM alaga hokara bAla aura vRddha muniyoM se yukta usa gaNa se mana-vacana-kAya pUrvaka kSamA-yAcanA karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki, dIrghakAla taka sAtha rahane se utpanna hue mamatA - sneha dveSavaza jo kaTu aura kaThina vacana kahe gaye hoM, usa saba ke prati maiM kSamA bhAva rakhatA huuN| samasta saMgha bhI isI kSamA bhAvoM se yukta unase kSamA bhAva pragaTa karatA hai| 284 uttarAdhikArI AcArya ko zikSA dene ke bAda naye AcArya ko ArzIvAda dete haiM, aura kartavya bodha karAte hue kahate haiM ki- "utpatti sthAna meM choTI sI bhI uttama nadI jaise vistAra ke sAtha bar3hatI huyI samudra taka jAtI hai, usI prakAra tuma zIla aura guNoM meM sadA vRddhi ko prApta rho| tuma vilAva ke zabda kI taraha AcaraNa mata karanA / kAraNa ki, vilAva kA zabda pahale jora kA hotA hai, phira krama se manda ho jAtA hai / usI prakAra ratnatraya kI bhAvanA ke pahale, baDe utsAha se karake pazcAt zanaiH zanaiH manda mata karanA / aura isa taraha apanA va saMgha kA vinAza mata karanA / kyoMki jo jalate hue apane ghara ko bhI Alasyavaza bacAnA nahIM cAhatA, usa para vizvAsa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ki vaha dUsare ke jalate hue ghara ko bacA pAegA? ataH jJAna darzana cAritra ke aticAroM ko dUra krnaa| mere adhIna bahuta muni haiM, ataH apane Apa meM gaNI hone kA ghamaNDa mata karanA / tathA ziSyoM dvArA Alocita doSoM ko anya ke sAmane udghATita nahIM karanA, sabhI yatiyoM se bhare gaNa kI apanI A~kha kI taraha rakSA karanA / isa taraha acche-bure, guNa-doSoM kA vivecana karake usakA patha prazasta karate hue AzIrvAda dete haiM / * upAdhyAya jo caudaha pUrva rUpI samudra meM praveza karake arthAt paramAgama kA abhyAsa karake mokSamArga meM sthita haiM, tathA mokSa ke icchuka zIladharoM arthAt muniyoM ko upadeza dete haiM, una munIzvaroM ko upAdhyAya parameSThI kahate haiN| 12 athavA tatkAlIna paramAgama ke vyAkhyAna karane vAle upAdhyAya hote haiN| ve saMgraha anugraha Adi gaNoM ko chor3akara pahile kahe gaye AcArya ke samasta guNoM ke dhArI hote haiN| 13 mUlAcAra meM upAdhyAya kA svarUpa isa taraha milatA hai "gyAraha aMga caudaha pUrva jo jinadeva ne kahe haiM unako paNDita- jana svAdhyAya kahate haiN| usa svAdhyAya kA upadeza karate haiM, isalie ve upAdhyAya kahalAte haiN| 14 AcArya akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki, jina vratazIla bhAvanAzIla mahAnubhAva ke pAsa jAkara bhavyajana vinaya-pUrvaka zruta kA adhyayana karate haiM ve upAdhyAya kahalAte haiN| 15 -

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jaina zramaNa ke bheda-prabheda 285 paMcAdhyAyIkAra ne upAdhyAya ke svarUpa ko ati vistAra se batalAte hue kahA ki - zakA-samAdhAna karane vAlA, suvaktA vAgbrama, sarvajJa, arthAt siddhAnta-zAstra aura yAvat AgamoM kA pAragAmI, vArtika tathA sUtroM ko zabda aura artha ke dvArA siddha karane vAlA hone se kavi, artha meM madhuratA kA dyotaka, tathA vaktRtva ke mArga kA agraNI hotA hai| upAdhyAyapane meM zAstra kA vizeSa abhyAsa hI kAraNa hotA hai, kyoMki jo svayaM adhyayana karatA hai, aura ziSyoM ko bhI adhyayana karAtA haiM, vahI gurU upAdhyAya hai| upAdhyAya meM vratAdika ke pAlana karane kI zeSa vidhi sarva muniyoM ke samAna hI hai| upAdhyAya ke 25 vizeSa guNa batalAye haiM, jo ki gyAraha aMga aura 14 pUrva kA jJAna honA kahA hai| Aja ina aMgapUrvo kA jJAna na rahate hue bhI unake kucha aMza SaTkhaNDAgama, kapAya-pAhuDa, tathA paramparA se Agata samayasAra, pravacanasAra, mUlAcAra Adi tathA cAroM anuyoga kA jJAna upAdhyAya ke lie Avazyaka hai| 3. pravartaka - jo saMgha kA pravartana karate haiM, arthAta caryA Adi ke dvArA pravartana karane vAle pravartaka hote haiN| parantu ve jJAna se alpa hote haiN|16 4. sthavira - ___ maryAdA kA upadeza dene vAle arthAt vyavasthA banAne vAle sthavira, sthavira kahalAte haiN| 5. gaNadhara - gaNa ke pAlana karane vAle ko gaNadhara kahate haiN| saMgha ke AcArya ke kAryabhAra ko halkA karane ke lie hI sambhavataH pravartaka, sthavira, evaM gaNadhara jaise padoM kI saMracanA huyI hogI; kyoMki pravartaka Adi ke kArya AcArya zrI ke bhI haiN| tathA pravartaka kI bhI AcArya saMjJA hai| eka saMgha meM do AcArya bhI nahIM rahate haiN| aisI sthiti meM ina tInoM kA kArya AcArya ke kAryoM meM hAtha baMTAnA hI hai, aura ye pada saMgha ke jyeSThatama evaM zreSThatama zramaNoM ko hI diyA jAtA hai| mUlAcAra kI AcAra-vRtti meM to isa sambandha meM kahA ki jisa saMgha meM ye pA~ca AdhAra rahate haiM, usI saMgha meM nivAsa karanA caahie|17 tIrthakara muni - tIrthaMkara muni meM sAmAnya muni kI apekSA puNya prakRti kI dRSTi se evaM viziSTa pauruSa kI apekSA se bheda hotA hai| tIrthaMkara zramaNa usI bhava se mokSa jAte haiN| ye kisI se dIkSA na lekara svayaM "OM namaH siddhebhyaH" pada ke uccAraNa pUrvaka siddhoM ko namaskAra karake

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286 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA kezaloMca karake dIkSA le lete haiN| dIkSA lekara kevala jJAna hone taka mauna hI rahate haiM, parantu sAmAnya digambara sAdhuoM ke lie koI niyama nahIM hai| isa apekSA muniyoM meM antara hai| gaNadhara muni - gaNadhara muni aSTa zrRddhiyoM sahita hote haiN|18 ye pA~ca mahAvratoM ke dhAraka, tIna guptiyoM se rakSita, pA~ca samitiyoM se yukta, ATha madoM se rahita, sAta bhayoM se mukta, bIja, koSTha, padAnusArI va saMbhinnazrotRtva buddhioM se upalakSita pratyakSabhUta utkRSTa avadhijJAna se yukta-----taptAtapa labdhi ke prabhAva se mala-mUtra rahita dIpta tapalabdhi ke bala se sarvakAla upavAsa yukta hokara bhI zarIra ke teja se dazoM dizAoM ko prakAzita karane vAle, sarvoSadhi labdhi ke nimitta se samasta auSadhiyoM svarUpa, ananta balayukta hone se hAtha kI kaniSTha aMgulI dvArA tInoM lokoM ko calAyamAna karane meM samartha, amRta-AsravAdi zrRddhiyoM ke bala se hasta-puTa meM gire hue sarvaAhAroM ko amRta svarUpa se pariNamAne meM samartha, mahAtapa guNa se kalpavRkSa ke samAna, akSINamahAnasa labdhi ke bala se apane hAtha meM gire AhAra kI akSayatA ke utpAdaka, aghora tapa zrRddhi ke mAhAtmya se jIvoM ke mana, vacana evaM kAyagata samasta kaSToM ko dUra karane vAle, vacana aura mana se samasta padArthoM ke sampAdana karane meM samartha, aNimAdika ATha guNoM ke dvArA saba deva samUha ko jItane vAle, tInoM lokoM meM zreSTha, "hamArI-hamArI bhASA se hameM hamako hI kahate haiM" isa prakAra sabako vizvAsa karAne vAle, evaM isI prakAra aneka guNoM se pUrNa viziSTa muni gaNadhara kahalAte haiN|19 gaNadhara ke atirikta anya muniyoM meM cAraNa zrRddhi Adi kI apekSA se aneka bheda kiye jA sakate haiM, para unake pUjyatva meM koI hInAdhikatA nahIM hai| tatvArtha sUtra kI TIkA meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne, sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya-upAdhyAya ke alAvA aura bhI bhedoM kA svarUpa batalAyA hai jo nimna hai| (1) tapasvI - mahAn upavAsa karane vAle sAdhu ko tapasvI kahate haiN| (2) zaikSya - zAstra ke adhyayana meM tatpara muni ko zaikSya kahate haiN| (3) glAna - roga se pIr3ita muni ko glAna kahate haiN|

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jaina zramaNa ke bheda-prabheda 287 (4) gaNa - vRddha muniyoM ke anusAra calane vAle muniyoM ke samudAya ko gaNa kahate haiN| (5) kula dIkSA dene vAle AcArya ke ziSya kula kahalAte haiN| (6) saMgha zrRSi, yati, muni aura anagAra-ina cAra prakAra ke muniyoM kA samUha saMgha kahalAtA hai| (7) sAdhu - jisane bahuta samaya se dIkSA lI ho ve sAdhu kahalAte haiM, athavA jo ratnatraya bhAvanA se apane ko sAdhate haiM unheM sAdhu kahate haiN| (8) manojJa - ___mokSamArga prabhAvaka, vaktvAdi guNoM se zobhAyamAna, jisakI loka meM adhika khyAti ho rahI ho aise vidvAna muni ko manojJa kahate haiM, cAritra evaM guNasthAna kI apekSA bheda - __ jainadharma meM eka vItarAga bhAva ko cAritra kahA hai, aura vaha eka hI taraha kA hotA hai, ataH muniyoM ke cAritra kI apekSA bheda nahIM kiye jA sakate haiN| tathApi vaha cAritra eka sAtha pUrNa prakaTa nahIM hotA, kintu krama-krama se pragaTa hotA hai, ataH isa apekSA se usameM sthita muniyoM ke bhI bheda kiye jA sakate haiN| jitane aMza meM vItarAga bhAva prakaTa hotA hai, utane aMza meM cAritra pragaTa hotA hai| ataH cAritra meM bheda hote haiN| yaha cAritra AcArya umAsvAmI ne 5 prakAra kA kahA hai|20 jinakA svarUpa nimna hai| 1. sAmAyika cAritra - nizcalasamyagdarzana kI ekAgratA dvArA samasta sAvadya-yoga kA tyAga karake zuddhAtma svarUpa meM abheda hone para zubhAzubhabhAvoM kA tyAga honA so sAmAyika cAritra hai| yaha cAritra chaThaveM guNasthAna se lekara navameM guNasthAna taka hotA hai| 2. chedopasthApanA cAritra - basa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI utpatti aura hiMsA ke sthAna chadyamastha ke apratyakSa hai| ataH niravadya kriyAoM meM pramAdavaza doSa lagane para usakA samyakarIti se pratIkAra karanA

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288 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA chedopasthApanA hai, athavA sAvadyakarma rUpa hiMsAdi ke bheda se pA~ca prakAra kA honA chedopasthApanA hai|21 jaise sarva sAvadya tyAga lakSaNa vAle sAmAyika kI apekSA se vrata eka hai, aura vahI chedopasthApanA kI apekSA se pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai|22 athavA "vrata, samiti aura gupti rUpa teraha prakAra ke cAritra meM bheda vA doSa lagane para una doSoM ko cheda karanA nAza karanA aura phira apanI AtmA meM sthApana karanA, apane AtmasvarUpacAritra ko apane AtmA meM hI sthira rakhanA vaha chedopasthApanA cAritra hai|23 yaha caritra bhI chaThaveM guNasthAna se navameM guNasthAna taka pAyA jAtA hai, aura AThaveM se zreNI meM dhyAnamagna avasthA hone se vahA~ para cheda/dopoM ke prAyazcitta rUpa nahIM hai| 3. parihAra vizuddhi cAritra - jo jIva janma se 30 varSa taka sukhI rahakara phira dIkSA grahaNa karake aura tIrthaMkara ke pAdamUla meM ATha varSa taka pratyAkhyAna nAmaka navameM pUrva kA adhyayana kare, usake yaha saMyama hotA hai| jo jIvoM kI utpatti-maraNa ke sthAna, kAla kI maryAdA, janma-yoni ke bheda, dravya-kSetra kA svabhAva, vidhAna tathA vidhi ina sabhI ko jAnane vAlA ho, aura pramAda rahita mahAvIryavAna ho, usake zuddhatA ke bala se karma kI bahuta nirjarA hotI hai| atyanta kaThina AcaraNa karane vAle muniyoM ke yaha saMyama hotA hai| jinake yaha saMyama hotA hai unake zarIra se jIvoM kI virAdhanA nahIM hotii| yaha cAritra chaThaveM guNasthAna se sAtaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai| isa saMyama vAlA jIva tIna saMdhyAvAloM ko chor3akara pratidina do koza paryanta gamana karatA hai, rAtri ko gamana nahIM krtaa| aura isake varSAkAla meM gamana karane kA yA na karane kA koI niyama nahIM hai|24 4. sUkSma sAMparAya cAritra - jaba ati sUkSma lobhakapAya kA udaya ho taba jo cAritra hotA hai vaha sUkSma sAMparAya hai| yaha cAritra dasaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai| 5. yathAkhyAta cAritra - sampUrNa cAritramohanIya ke sarvathA kSaya athavA upazama ho jAne se AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa meM sthira rahanA vaha yathAkhyAta cAritra hai| yaha cAritra gyArahaveM se caudahaveM guNasthAna taka hotA hai| zuddhabhAva hI cAritra hai aura usI se saMvara-nirjarA hotI hai, ataH isa apekSA se saMvara-nirjarA ke bheda se bhI muniyoM meM bheda svataH siddha ho gyaa|

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jaina zramaNa ke bheda-prabheda 289 jinakalpI aura sthavirakalpIjinakalpI - jinake uttama saMhanana hai, jitendriya hokara samyaktva ratna se vibhUSita haiN| utkRSTa saMyamI haiM, pA~va meM lage hue kAMTe aura netroM meM girI huyI dhUla ko na svayaM nikAlate haiM, na dUsaroM ko nikAlane ke lie kahate haiN| nirantara mauna rahate haiM,upasarga parISaha rUpI zatru ke vega ko jo sahate haiM, aura jo jitendriya bhagavAn ke samAna vihAra karate haiM, aise muniyoM ko jinakalpI kahate haiN|29 gommaTasAra karmakANDa kI jIvatatvapradIpikA meM kahA ki uttama saMhanana ke dhArI jinakalpa AcaraNarUpa pariNate muni unake eka sAmAyika rUpa cAritra hotA hai| ye varSAkAla meM mArga ko jIvoM se pUrNa samajhakara SaTmAsa paryanta AhAra rahita hokara kAryAtsarga dhAraNa karate haiM, dharma evaM zukla-dhyAna meM nirata rahate haiN| jinakalpI akele rahate haiM, ziSya nahIM krte| kisI ko upadeza-Adeza nahIM dete| tIrthaMkara deva jinakalpI hote haiN| sthavira kalpI - jo jinakalpa ko dhAraNa karane meM asamartha hote haiM, ve sthavirakalpa ko svIkAra karate haiM "paMcamakAla meM sthavira-kalpI hIna saMhanana ke dhArI sAdhu ko teraha prakAra kA cAritra kahA hai|27 ye sthavirakalpI sAdhu samudAya/saMgha sahita vihAra karate haiN| apanI zakti ke anusAra dharma kI prabhAvanA karate hue bhavyoM ko dharmopadeza sunAte haiM, aura ziSyoM kA saMgraha tathA unakA pAlana bhI karate haiN| aTThAisa mUlaguNoM ko niraticAra pAlana karate haiM, zatru-mitra meM samabhAva haiM ve sthavirakalpI haiN| vartamAna kAla meM sthavirakalpI hI hote haiN| pulAka Adi muni pratyeka mAnava meM usakI bhUmikAnusAra guNoM kI hInAdhikatA rahatI hai, kyoMki vividha prakAra ke saMsAra meM jIva haiM aura unakI vibhinna yogyatAe~ haiN| tathApi eka nizcita maryAdA se bAhara doSa Ane lagate haiM to use bhraSTAcAra kahate haiM, parantu yadi kadAcit kathaMcit doSa A jAve, to usake vizAla AdarzamayI vyaktitva ke Age ve nagaNya doSa gauNa kara diye jAte haiM, yahI sthiti "zramaNoM" kI hai| pulAka, vakuza, kuzIla, nirgantha, evaM snAtaka, zramaNoM ke ye bheda uttarottara guNavRddhi liye huye haiN| sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAda kahate haiM ki "ye pA~coM hI nirgrantha hote haiN| inameM cAritra rUpa pariNAmoM kI nyUnAdhikatA ke kAraNa bheda hone para bhI naigama aura saMgraha Adi nayoM kI apekSA ve saba nirgrantha kahalAte haiN|28 AcArya pUjyapAda kI yaha paMkti vicAraNIya hai ki, pulAkAdi meM pariNAmoM kI nyUnAdhikatA hai, na ki hInAcAra Adi, inameM bheda guNoM kI apekSA se haiN| akaMlaka deva ne pulAkAdi kI nirganthatA hone kI zaMkA ke samAdhAna parvaka kahA ki"

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290 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA zaMkA - jaise gRhastha cAritrabheda hone ke kAraNa nirgrantha nahIM kahA jAtA, vaise hI pulAka Adi ko bhI utkRSTa, madhyama, jaghanya Adi cAritra bheda hone para bhI nirgrantha nahIM kahanA cAhie? samAdhAna - (1) jaise cAritra va adhyayana Adi kA bheda hone para bhI sabhI brAhmaNoM meM jAti kI dRSTi se brAhmaNa zabda kA prayoga samAna rUpa se hotA hai, usI prakAra pulAka Adi meM bhI nirgantha zabda kA prayoga ho jAtA hai| (2) yadyapi nizcaya naya se guNahInoM meM nirgrantha zabda nahIM pravartatA parantu saMgraha aura vyavahAra naya kI apekSA vahA~ bhI usa zabda kA prayoga sarva saMgrahArtha kara liyA jAtA (3) samyagdarzana aura nagna rUpa kI apekSA bhI ve saba samAna haiN| prazna - yadi vratoM kA bhaMga ho jAne para bhI Apa inameM nirgrantha zabda kI vRtti mAnate haiM, taba to gRhasthoM meM bhI isakI vRtti hone kA prasaMga prApta hotA hai? uttara- nahIM hotA, kyoMki ve nagna rUpadhArI nahIM hai| prazna- taba jisa kisI meM bhI nagna rUpa dhArI mithyAdRSTi meM usakI vRtti kA prasaMga prApta ho jAegA? uttara - nahIM, kyoMki unameM samyagdarzana nahIM pAyA jAtA (samyagdarzana yukta hI nagna rUpa ko nirgrantha saMjJA prApta hai|) prazna - phira usameM pulAka Adi bhedoM kA vyapadeza hI kyoM kiyA? uttara - cAritra guNa kA kramika vikAsa aura kramaprakarSa dikhalAne ke lie hI inakI carcA kI gayI hai|29 ___ yadi vakuza aura pratisevanA kuzIla ko bhI nirgantha saMjJA prApta hai to phira inako kRSNa, nIla, aura kApota ye tIna lezyAe~ kaise ho sakatI haiM ?30 uttara - unameM upakaraNoM ke prati Asakti bhAva kI saMbhAvanA hone se kadAcit ArtadhyAna sambhava hai, aura ArtadhyAna meM kRSNAdi tInoM lezyAoM kA honA sambhava hai|31 pulAka muni jinakA citta uttara guNoM kI bhAvanA se rahita hai, aura vratoM meM bhI kvacitkadAcit paripUrNatA ko prApta nahIM kara pAte haiM, arthAt pA~ca mahAvratoM meM bhI doSa laga jAte haiN| binA zuddha hue dhAnya sadRzya hone se ve pulAka kahalAte haiN| 2 tathA dUsaroM ke dabAvavaza jabardastI se pA~ca mUlaguNa aura rAtribhojana varjana meM se kisI eka hI kI pratisevanA

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jaina zramaNa ke bheda-prabheda karane vAlA pulAka hotA hai | 33 zvetAmbarIya Agama sthAnAMga meM pulAka ke 5 bheda kiye haiM jaise (1) jJAnapulAka jJAna ke skhalita, milita Adi aticAroM kA sevana karane vAlA / (2) darzana pulAka - zaMkA, kAMkSA, Adi samyaktva ke aticAroM kA sevana karane vAlA / cAritra pulAka- mUlaguNoM aura uttaraguNoM meM doSa lagAne vAlA / ( 3 ) (4) liMga pulAka - zAstrokta upakaraNoM se adhika upakaraNa rakhane vAlA, jinaliMga se bhinna liMga yA veSa ko kabhI-kabhI dhAraNa karane vAlA / - ( 5 ) yathAsUkSma pulAka pramAdavaza akalpanIya vastu ko grahaNa karane kA mana meM vicAra karane vAlA / 2. bakuza - jo nirgrantha avasthA ko prApta haiM, mUlaguNoM ko niraticAra pAlate haiM, zarIra aura upakaraNa kI zobhA ke anuvartI haiM, zrRddhi, aura yaza kI kAmanA karate haiM, parivAra ziSyoM se ghire hue haiM, aura cheda se jinakA citta zabala / citrita hai, ve muni vakuza kahalAte haiN| pUjyapAda svAmI ne "inheM vividha prakAra ke moha se yukta kahA hai| 34 inake sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA ye do saMyama hote haiM / utkRSTa rUpa se inakA jJAna abhinna daza pUrva taka ho sakatA hai aura jaghanya se aSTa pravacana mAtRkA mAtra jJAna raha sakatA hai| yathAsUkSmavakuza (186 sUtra ) 291 1 vakuza muni ke digambara paramparA meM do bheda kiye haiM- upakaraNa vakuza aura zarIra vkush| upakaraNoM meM jinakA citta Asakta hai, jo nAnA prakAra ke vicitra parigrahoM se yukta haiM, bahuta vizeSatA se yukta upakaraNoM ke AkAMkSI haiM, unakA saMskAra aura pratikAra ko karane vAle haiN| aise sAdhu upakaraNa vakuza kahalAte haiN| tathA zarIra ke saMskAra ko karane vAle zarIra vakuza kahe jAte haiN| zvetAmbarIya Agama sthAnAMgasUtra meM vakuza ke pA~ca bheda kiye haiM, jo do bhedoM ke hI prakArAntara haiN| ve nimna bheda haiM 1. Abhoga vakuza jAnabUjha kara zarIra ko vibhUSita karane vAlA / anajAna meM zarIra ko vibhUSita karane vAlA / 2. anAbhoga vakuza 3. saMvRta vakuza - luka - chipakara zarIra ko vibhUSita karane vAlA / 4. asaMvRta vakuza pragaTa rUpa se zarIra ko vibhUpita karane vAlA / 5. - - pragaTa yA apragaTa rUpa se zarIra Adi kI sUkSma vibhUSA karane vAlA

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292 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 3. kuzIla - kuzIla muni ke do bheda kiye gaye haiN| (1) pratisevanA kuzIla (2) kaSAya kushiil| jisake zarIrAdi tathA upakaraNAdi se pUrNa viraktatA na ho aura mUlaguNa tathA uttaraguNoM kI paripUrNatA ho parantu uttaraguNa meM kvacit-kadAcit virAdhanA hotI ho use pratisevanA kuzIla kahate haiM, aura jisane saMjvalana kaSAya ke sivAya anya kaSAyoM ko jIta liyA ho use kapAya kuzIla kahate haiN| zve. sthAnAMga sUtra 187 meM jJAna, darzana, cAritra liMga aura yathAsUkSma ke bheda se kuzIla ke 5 prakAra kahe haiN| 4. nirgrantha - jinake moha-karma kSINa ho gayA hai tathA jinake moha-karma ke udaya kA abhAva hai aise gyArahaveM tathA bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI muni ko nirganya kahate haiN| 5. snAtaka - samasta ghAtiyA karmoM ke nAza karane vAle kevalI bhagavAna ko snAtaka kahate haiN| isameM terahaveM tathA caudahaveM guNasthAnavartI zramaNa Ate haiN| ye pA~coM prakAra ke zramaNa pratyeka tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya hote haiN| AcArya umAsvAmI ne ina pulAkAdi muniyoM meM bhI "saMyama, zruta, pratisevanA, tIrtha, liMga, lezyA, upapAda aura sthAna ina ATha anuyogoM dvArA muniyoM meM aura vizeSa bheda kiye haiN| 1. saMyama - pulAka, vakuza, aura pratisevanA kuzIla sAdhu ke sAmAyika aura chedosthApanA, parihAra-vizuddhi aura sUkSmasAMparAya, ye cAra saMyama hote haiN| nirgrantha aura snAtaka ke yathAkhyAta-cAritra hotA hai| zruta - pulAka, vakuza aura pratisevanA kuzIla sAdhu dasa-pUrvadhArI, pulAka ke jaghanya AcArAMga meM AcAra vastu kA jJAna hotA hai, vakuza tathA pratisevanA kuzIla ke jaghanya aSTapravacana mAtA, kapAya kuzIla aura nirdhanya ke utkRSTa jJAna caudaha pUrva kA, jaghanya jJAna ATha pravacana mAtA kA hotA hai| snAtaka to kevalajJAnI hote haiN| ataH ve zrutajJAna se dUra hote haiN| 3. pratisevanA (virAdhanA) - pulAka muni ke paravaza se paMcamahAvratoM meM kisI kI. virAdhanA, upakaraNa-vakuza muni ke kamaNDalu, picchi, Adi upakaraNa kI zobhA kI abhilASA ke saMskAra kA sevana hotA hai - ataH virAdhanA hai| vakuza muni ke zarIra ke saMskAra rUpa virAdhanA hotI hai, pratisevanA kuzIla muni pA~ca mahAvrata kI virAdhanA nahIM karatA, kintu uttara-guNa meM kisI eka kI virAdhanA karatA hai| kaSAya kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka ke virAdhanA nahIM hotI hai|

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jaina zramaNa ke bheda-prabheda 293 V 4. tIrtha - ye pulAkAdi pA~coM prakAra ke nirgranya sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke dharmazAsanoM meM hote haiN| 5. liMga - isake do bheda haiM - (1) dravyaliMga aura (2) bhAva liNg| pA~coM prakAra ke nirgrantha bhAvaliMgI hote haiN| ve samyagdarzana sahita saMyama pAlane meM sAvadhAna hai| bhAvaliMga kA dravyaliMga ke sAtha nimitta-naimittika sambandha hai| yathAjAtarUpa liMga meM kisI ke bheda nahIM hai, kintu pravRtti rUpa liMga meM antara hotA hai; jaise koI AhAra karatA hai, koI anazanAdi tapa karatA hai, koI upadeza karatA hai, koI adhyayana karatA hai, koI tIrtha meM vihAra karatA hai, koI aneka Asana rUpa dhyAna karatA hai, koI dUSaNa lagA ho to usakA prAyazcitta letA hai, koI dUSaNa nahIM lagAtA, koI AcArya hai, koI upAdhyAya hai, koI pravartaka hai, koI niryApaka hai, koI vaiyAvRtya karatA hai, koI dhyAna meM zreNI kA prArambha karatA hai, ityAdi vikalpoM rUpa dravyaliMga meM muni gaNoM meM bheda hotA hai, 6. lezyA - pulAka muni ke tIna zubha lezyAyeM hotI haiN| vakuza tathA pratisevanA kuzIla muni ke chahoM lezyA bhI hotI haiN| kaSAya se anuraMjita pariNAma ko lezyA kahate haiN| kaSAya kuzIla muni ke kApota, pIta, padma aura zukla ye cAra lezyAyeM hotI haiN| sUkSmasAMparAya guNasthAnavartI ke zukla lezyA hotI hai| tathA nirgrantha aura snAtaka ke upacAra se zukla lezyA hai, ayogakevalI ke lezyA nahIM hotI hai| / upapAda - pulAka muni kA utkRSTa aThAraha sAgara kI Ayu ke sAtha bArahaveM sahasrAra svarga meM janma hotA hai| vakuza aura pratisevanA kuzIla kA utkRSTa janma bAIsa sAgara kI Ayu ke sAtha pandrahaveM AraNa aura solahaveM acyuta svarga meM hotA hai| kaSAya kuzIla aura nimrantha kA utkRSTa janma taitIsa sAgara kI Ayu ke sAtha sarvArtha siddhi meM hotA hai| ina sabakA saudharma svarga meM jaghanya do sAgara kI Ayu ke sAtha janma hotA hai| snAtaka kevalI bhagavAna haiM, unakA upapAda nirvANa/mokSarUpa se hotA hai| sthAna - kaSAya nimitta asaMkhyAta saMyamasthAna hote haiN| pulAka aura kaSAyakuzIla ke sabase jaghanya labdhi sthAna hote haiN| ve donoM asaMkhyAta sthAnoM taka eka sAtha jAte haiN| isake bAda pulAka kI vyucchitti ho jAtI hai| Age kaSAyakuzIla asaMkhyAta sthAnoM taka akelA jAtA hai| isase Age kapAya-kuzIla, pratisevanA-kuzIla aura bakuza asaMkhyAta sthAnoM taka eka sAtha jAte haiN| yahA~ bakuza kI vyucchitti ho jAtI hai| isase bhI asaMkhyAta sthAna Age jAkara pratisevanA kuzIla kI vyucchitti ho jAtI hai| punaH isase bhI asaMkhyAta sthAna Age jAkara kapAya-kuzIla kI vyucchitti ho jAtI hai| isase Age akapAya sthAna hai jinheM nirganyatA prApta hotI hai, usakI bhI, asaMkhyAta sthAna jAkara vyucchitti ho jAtI hai| isase Age eka sthAna jAkara snAtaka nirvANa ko prApta hotA hai| inakI saMyamalabdhi ananta guNI hotI hai| isa prakAra saMyamalabdhi ke sthAna haiN| unameM avibhAga praticchedoM kI apekSA se saMyama kI prApti anantagaNI hotI hai|35

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294 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA uparyukta pulAka bakuza Adi se zramaNoM meM bheda ho jAte haiM aura saMyama, zruta, saMgha Adi se unameM aura prabheda ho jAte haiN| dravyaliMga-bhAvaliMga - cinha vizeSa ko liMga kahate haiN| nyAya-vinizcaya TIkA meM kahA hai ki "sAdhya ke avinAbhAvIpanerupa niyama kA nirNaya karanA hI jisakA lakSaNa hai vaha liMga hai|36 dhavalAkAra ne liMga kA lakSaNa "anyathAnupapatti" kahA hai| zramaNa vItarAgI vyaktitva hote haiM, aura yahI unakA liMga hai, cinha hai, tathA vItarAgatA rUpa anyathAnupapatti lakSaNa se hI jaina zramaNa jAne jAte haiM, yaha vItarAgatA jaina zramaNa ke Antarika bhAvoM ke sAtha lAkSaNika pahicAna hai, unake Antarika bhAvoM ke sAtha huyI vahiraMga zArIrika pravRtti kI pahicAna hetu zarIra kA veSa evaM usakI pravRtti dravyaliMga hai| isa prakAra sAdhu kA liMga, dravyaliMga aura bhAvaliMga ke bheda se do prakAra kA siddha hotA hai| bhAvaliMga sApekSa hI dravyaliMga sArthaka hai anyathA to bAhya veSa eka svAMgamAtra hai| AcArya vaTTakera ne dravyaliMga kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki "acelakatva kezaloMca, zarIra- saMskAra kA tyAga aura picchi ye cAra liMga ke bheda jAnane caahie|38 AcArya kundakunda dravya evaM bhAvaliMga donoM ko batalAte hue kahate haiM ki "janma samaya ke rUpa jaisA rUpavAlA, sira aura dAr3hI mUcha ke bAloM kA loMca kiyA huA, zuddha (akiMcana) hiMsAdi se rahita aura pratikarma (zArIrika zrRMgAra ) se rahita liMga, zrAmaNya kA vahiraMga cinha hai tathA mUrchA ( mamatva) aura Arambharahita, upayoga aura yoga kI zuddhi se yukta tathA para kI apekSA se rahita aisA jinendra deva kathita liMga vaha antaraMga arthAt bhAvaliMga hai, jo mokSa kA kAraNa hai|39 tathA bhAvapAhuDa meM kahate haiM ki, jo dehAdi ke parigraha rahita, mAna kapAya se rahita, apanI AtmA meM lIna hai vaha sAdhu bhAvaliMgI hai|40 jaina-darzana meM samyagdarzana arthAt AtmazraddhAna para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai, samyagdarzana ke binA kiye gaye kArya kI koI mahattA nahIM hai, jaise aMka ke binA bindu kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| rayaNasAra meM kahA hai ki jo jIva parabrahma ko nahIM jAnatA hai aura samyagdarzana se rahita hai| vaha na to gRhastha avasthA meM hai aura na sAdhu avasthA meM hai| kevala liMga ko dhAraNa kara kyA kara sakate haiM? karmoM kA nAza to samyaktva pUrvaka jinaliMga dhAraNa karane se hotA hai|41 jahA~ samyagdarzana sahita nirgrantha rUpa hai vahI nirgrantha hai|42 ataH samyagdarzana rahita liMga arthAt muni dIkSA dhAraNa karanA vyartha hai| isase mukti kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai|43 kyoMki jisa jIva ke sacce Apta, Agama, padArthoM meM saccI zraddhA hI utpanna nahIM huyI hai, tathA jisakA citta mUr3hatAoM se vyApta hai, usake saMyama kI utpatti hI nahIM ho sktii| acchI taraha jAnakara aura zraddhAnakara jo niyamoM sahita hai, usake saMyama hai|

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dravyaliMga/bhAvaliMga 295 bhAvaliMga - ___ mokSamArga kA sAkSAt kAraNa A. kundakunda ne bhAvaliMga ko kahA hai| "jJAna-darzana-cAritra vAstavika mArga hai, mAtra dravyaliMga vAstava meM mokSamArga nahIM hai|44 A. vaTTakera kahate haiM ki bhAva zramaNa haiM ve hI zramaNa haiM, kyoMki zeSa nAmAdi zramaNoM ko sugati nahIM hotii| dharma sahita liMga hotA hai, liMga mAtra se dharma kI prApti nahIM hotii| ataH bhAvarUpa dharma (bhAvaliMga) ko jaano| kevala liMga se kyA hogA, arthAt kucha bhI nahIM hogaa|45 bhAva hI prathama liMga hai, ataH dravyaliMga ko paramArtha nahIM jAnanA cAhie, kyoMki guNa-doSa kA kAraNabhUta bhAva hI hai| bhAva hI svarga-mokSa kA kAraNa hai| bhAva se rahita zramaNa pApa svarUpa hai. tiryancagati kA sthAnaka hai aura karmamala se malina hai| jo bhAva zramaNa haiM, ve paramparA kalyANa rUpa sukha ko pAte haiM, jo dravyazramaNa haiM ve manuSya kudeva Adi yoniyoM meM duHkha pAte haiN|46 bAhya liMga ke sAtha antariMga liMga kI niyAmakatA nahIM hai, parantu antaraMga nirvikAratA hone para bAhya meM bhI nirvikAratA kI siddhirupa vItarAgI nagnatA hogii| samayasAra kI TIkA tAtparya vRtti meM kahA hai ki "vahiraMga dravyaliMga ke hone para bhAvaliMga hotA bhI hai, nahIM bhI hotA, koI niyama nahIM hai| parantu abhyantara bhAvaliMga ke hone para sarva saMga ke tyAga rUpa vahiraMga dravyaliMga avazya hotA hI hai| paM. ToDaramala jI kahate haiM ki "muni liMga binA to mokSa na hoya, parantu muni liMga dhArai mokSa hoya ara nAhI bhI hoy|47 bhAvaliMga ke ina svarUpoM ke dekhane para yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana meM bAhya veSa ko mukti kA kAraNa nahIM mAnA hai, parantu bAhya veSa manuSya kI mAnasikatA kA paricaya avazya dete haiN| ataH mokSamArga meM veSa kA sthAna nahIM, parantu mokSamArgiyoM ke bAhya veSa bhI nirvikAratA ko lie hue hotA hai| parantu pradhAnatA antaraMga ke pariNAmoM ko hI dI gayI hai| bAhya nagnatA to pazuoM ke bhI hotI hai, parantu ve mokSamArgI nahIM ho jAte haiN| ataH bAhya nagnatA ko mukhya sthAna nahIM mAnA gayA hai| dravyaliMga - jainadharma meM kisI jAti/liMga ko mokSamArga nahIM mAnA gayA hai| "bahuta prakAra ke muniliMgoM ko athavA gRhI liMgoM ko grahaNa karake ajJAnI yaha kahate haiM ki "yaha liMga mokSamArga hai|" parantu liMga mokSamArga nahIM hai, kyoMki arhantadeva deha ke prati nirmamatva rahate hue liMga ko chor3akara darzana-jJAna-cAritra kA sevana karate haiN|48 tathA jo puruSa saMyama rahita jinaliMga dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha saba niSphala hai|49 jo muni rAga arthAt antaraMga parigraha se yukta haiM jinasvarupa kI bhAvanA se rahita haiM ve dravya nirgrantha haiN| use jinazAsana meM kahI gayI samAdhi aura bodhi kI prApti nahIM hotI hai| zarIra AtmA se bhinna hai aura liMga zarIra-svarUpa hai, tathA zrAmaNya liMga dehAzrita nahIM hai, ataH bAhyaliMga AtmA se bhinna hone ke kAraNa nizcaya naya se bAhya liMga mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM hai| zarIra hI AtmA kA saMsAra hai ataH jinako liMga kA hI Agraha hai ve puruSa saMsAra se nahIM chUTate haiN|51

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296 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA bhAvaliMga rahita mAtra dravyaliMga vyartha evaM niSphala hI hai| mokSapAhur3a meM kahA hai ki jahA~ jJAna cAritrahIna hai, jahA~ tapa se to saMyukta hai para samyaktva se rahita hai aura anya AvazyakAdi kriyAoM meM zuddha bhAva nahIM hai aise liMga ke grahaNa meM kahA~ sukha hai|52 mokSa kA mArga bhAva se hI hai,----mAtra dravya se kyA sAdhya hai| jo nagna hai, samyagdarzana, jJAna va cAritra ko nahIM pAtA hai, vaha nagna jina bhAvanA se rahita hai---ataH bhAva rahita kevala bAhyaliMga akAryakArI hai| aise sAdhu ko AcArya kundakunda ne svarupAcaraNa cAritra se bhraSTa evaM mokSamArga kA vinAzaka kahA hai| bhAvapAhur3a meM ati tiraskAra karate hue kahate haiM ki-"bAhu nAmaka muni bAhya jinaliMga yukta thaa| to bhI abhyantara doSa se daNDaka nAmaka nagara ko bhasma karake saptama pRthivI nAmaka bila meM utpanna huaa| he muni! tere nagnapane se kyA sAdhya hai? jisameM paizUnya, hAsya, matsara, mAyA Adi pariNAma pAye jAte haiN| ataH aisA ye nagnatva pApa se malina aura apakIrti kA sthAna hai| jo dharma se rahita hai, doSoM kA sthAna hai, aura ikSu puSpa ke sadRza jisameM kucha bhI guNa nahIM hai, aisA munipanA to nagnarUpa se naTazramaNa arthAt nAcane vAlA bhA~Da sarIkhA svAMga hai| ataH he muni! tU bAhyavrata kA veSa loka kA raMjana karane vAlA mata dhAraNa kr| isa prakAra aneka sthaloM para bhAva rahita dravyaliMga kA tiraskAra kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi isa prakAra kA dravyaliMga tiraskRta kiyA gayA hai tathApi bhAvaliMga adhyAtma kA viSaya hai, indriyagamya bhI nahIM hai, tathA vandya bhAva bhI dravyaliMga ke mAdhyama se hI AtA hai, ataH isa apekSA se dravyaliMga ko niraticAra dhAraNa karane kI bhI AvazyakatA hai| yaha koI Avazyaka nahIM ki dIkSA ke pazcAt zuddhAtmAnubhUti ho, tathA sabhI AtmAnubhavI ho, parantu 28 mUlaguNoM kA niraticAra pAlana Avazyaka hai| zubhopayoga rUpa bhAva dravyaliMga hai, zuddhopayoga bhAva, bhAvaliMga hai| __isI dRSTi se dravyaliMgI ke tIna bheda kiye jAte haiM-(1) pA~cave guNasthAnavartI dravyaliMgI (2) caturtha guNasthAnavartI dravyaliMgI tathA (3) prathama guNasthAnavartI drvyliNgii| inako dravyaliMgI isalie kahA jAegA, kyoMki yaha liMga jisa guNasthAna meM hotA hai usake yogya zuddha pariNati nahIM hai| isI apekSA se isako dravyaliMgI kahA hai| parantu bAhya pravRtti meM tInoM prakAra ke dravyaliMga tathA chaThaveM guNasthAnavartI ke bhAvaliMgI sAdhu meM samAnatA dekhI jA rahI hai| yadi bAhya meM Agama kathita yogyAcaraNa nahIM, to use dravyaliMgI bhI nahIM kahA jaaegaa| jaise bijalI kA 100 vATa ke balba tabhI taka upayogI va prazaMsanIya kahA jAegA ki jaba taka vaha 100 vATa ke yogya rozanI de| yadi volTeja kama Ate haiM, jisase usakI rozanI kama hotI hai, to vaha upayogI to hai parantu bahuta prazaMsanIya nahIM hai| kyoMki samucita rozanI nahIM hai| yadi bijalI kA kanekzana na hone para rozanI nahIM detA hai, to bhI vaha upayogI to hai, parantu niMdanIya nahIM hai| kyoMki vaha phyUja nahIM hai ataH use anupayogI mAnakara phaiMkA nahIM jA sakatA hai| isI taraha anantAnubandhI, pratyAkhyAna, apratyAkhyAna ke abhAva meM zuddha pariNati rUpa volTeja na hone para bhI, aTThAisa mUlaguNAtmaka zubhopayoga rUpa tAra TUTA nahIM hai, ataH vaha sAdhU apUjya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| niraticArI dravyaliMgI ke

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dravyaliMga/bhAvaliMga 297 parabhava para vicArate hue zrI kArtikeya svAmI kahate haiM ki "dravyaliMgI, kintu bhAva se asaMyata samyagdRSTi, athavA dezavratI athavA mithyAdRSTi manuSya graiveyaka taka janma lete haiN| dravyaliMga kA kaTTaratA se jo jagaha- jagaha niSedha milatA hai usakA prayojana batalAte hue jayasenAcArya ne kahA ki "dravyaliMga niSiddha hI hai aisA tU mata jAna ! kintu bhAvaliMga se rahita yatiyoM ko yahA~ sambodhana kiyA gayA hai| vaha aise ki - he tapodhana ! dravyaliMga mAtra se santoSa mata karo kintu dravyaliMga ke AdhAra se nirvikalpa svAnubhUti rUpa dazA ko prApta kro| bhAvaliMga rahita dravyaliMga niSiddha hai na ki bhAvaliMga sahita, kyoMki dravyaliMga kA AdhArabhUta jo yaha deha hai usakA mamatva niSiddha hai|57 vastutaH yahA~ veSamAtra ko mokSa kA kAraNa mAnane vAloM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| eka tarapha to veSa ko mukti kI mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA to dUsarI tarapha eka veSa vizeSa kI niyAmakatA bhI mokSamArga meM prastuta kI hai| veSa kA mokSamArga meM khaNDana kA artha yaha nahIM ki vastra pahine hI mukti ho jAegI, kyoMki veSa mukti kA kAraNa nahIM hai, parantu vastrAdi zArIrika AvaraNa ke sUcaka haiM, jo karma se AvRta hone kI siddhi karate haiN| tathA unake malina ho jAne para usake dhone ke lie jala evaM sAbuna Adi kA Arambha karanA par3atA hai| jo bAhyArambha kI mAnasikatA kI siddhi hai, aura isa avasthA meM antarbAhya saMyama kA ghAta avazyambhAvI hai| vastra ke naSTa ho jAne para mahAn puruSoM kA bhI mana Akulita ho uThatA hai, jo mamatva kA paricAyaka hai, dUsaroM se mAMgane ke lie prArthanA karanI par3atI hai| munijana sadA pavitra evaM rAgabhAva ko dUra karane ke lie digvastra rUpa avinAzI ambara ko grahaNa karate haiN| ataH kRtrima vastra ko chor3akara dizAoM rUpI vastra ko pahinane ke kAraNa vaha digambara rUpa dravyaliMga anekAntAtmaka veSa hone ke kAraNa grAhya hai| ataH veSa ke niSedha meM tajjanya vikalpoM kA niSedha hai| isa apekSA se muktimArga meM nirvikalpa rUpa digambara liMga kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai| bAhya rAgadveSa parigraha, Adi hone para bhalA vaha sAdhu kaise ho sakatA hai ? aura sAdhutA binA mukti kaise ? ataH bAhya parigraha janya veSa kA niSedha kiyA hai| yadi koI zramaNa tapasyA karatA ho, aura usa samaya usake Upara yadi vastra DAla diyA jAe yA AbhUSaNAdi pahanA diyA jAe to bhI vaha nirgantha hai, kyoMki vahA~ buddhipUrvaka mamatva kA abhAva hai,58 tathA usa zramaNa ke vaha dazA upasarga rUpa hai| ataH phalita hai ki vastra kI sattA yA asattA yA bAhya saMyoga bandha ke kAraNa nahIM, apitu unake prati mamatva yA nimarmatva pariNAma bandha-mokSa ke kAraNa haiN| bhAvaliMga evaM dravyaliMga ye donoM paramagurU arthAt tIrthaMkara bhagavAna dvArA pradatta haiM to kisI eka kA niSedha yA apUjyapanA kisI bhI prakAra nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki "dIkSA ke samaya donoM liMgoM ko AdarapUrvaka grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| ataH donoM hI AdaraNIya haiN| bhAvapAhur3a TIkA meM AcArya zrutasAgara kahate haiM ki, bhAvaliMga se dravyaliMga aura dravyaliMga se bhAvaliMga hotA hai ataH donoM hI pramANa haiM, ekAntamata se to sarvanaSTa ho jAtA hai aisA samajhanA caahie|60 tathApi bhAva sahita dravyaliMga kI saphalatA batAte hue

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298 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA kahA ki "pahale mithyAtvAdi doSoM ko chor3akara bhAva se antaraMga nagna hokara eka zuddhAtmA kA zraddhAna-jJAna va AcaraNa kare, pazcAt dravya se bAhya liMga jina AjJA se prakaTa kare yaha mArga hai| kyoMki jo mAtra dravyarUpa se viSayoM se nivRtta haiM unake pApoM kI nivRtti nahIM, kintu bhAva rUpa se nivRtta haiM unhIM ke karmoM kA saMvara hai| dravya aura bhAvarUpa nivRtti kA bhale prakAra svarupa jAnakara mana-vacana-kAya se viSayoM se nivRtta hokara samasta pApoM ke nAzArtha bhAvaspa se vipayoM se nivRtta honA caahie| tathA jo viSayoM se bhI nivRtta nahIM haiM, svacchanda evaM bhraSTAcArI haiM unake dravyaliMga bhI nahIM hai, ve nagna mAtra haiM, aura mAtra nagnatva pUjya evaM Adarza nahIM mAnA gayA hai| zramaNoM kA avadAna___ jaina zramaNa yadyapi antaronmukhI vRtti liye hote haiM, bAhya prapaMcoM se pare hote haiM, tathApi bAhya vRtti kI sarvathA tilAMjali nahIM ho pAtI hai| ataH ve apane jIvana meM sImita bAhya vRtti dhAraNa karate haiN| "jJAnadhyAna taporaktaH" hone ke kAraNa bAhya vikathAoM se dUra huA karate haiN| ataH jJAna aura usake sAdhanoM kA pracAra tathA unake bAhya niSpRha evaM zAnta vyaktitva se naitikatA ke mUlyoM kI prANa pratiSThA hotI rahatI hai, jisase deza evaM samAja kA sahaja uddhAra, tathA unake dhyAna evaM tapomaya vyaktitva se sampUrNa mAnava ke jIvana meM eka karmaThatA evaM AtmAnuzAsana kI bhAvanA jAgrata hotI hai| kyoMki para-anuzAsana nahIM apitu Atma-anuzAsana jIvana evaM rASTra ko sammunata banAtA hai| ataH mAnava jIvana ke Adarza ke rUpa meM jaina zramaNoM kA eka mahatvapUrNa avadAna sadaiva upasthita rahatA hai| eka zaharIya sAmAjika prANI na hote hue bhI yaha vanavAsI zramaNa kisa taraha jagavAsiyoM ko apane kAryoM se dizA nirdezana detA hai, yaha acchI taraha se jaina zramaNoM se hI sIkhA jA sakatA hai| jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM jaina zramaNoM ne apanA avadAna diyA, cAhe vaha dArzanika, sAhityika, athavA koI aura anya vidyA hI kyoM na ho, Atma kalyANa ke sajaga praharI loka kalyANa meM bhI kisI se raMcamAtra bhI pIche na rahe, aisA jaina zramaNoM kA avadAna ke isa prastuta prakaraNa se samajhA jA sakatA hai| dhArmika/dArzanika avadAna caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna kI paramparA gautama gaNadhara se prArambha hotI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA avicchinna rUpa se hI aMga sAhitya aura pUrva sAhitya kA sRjana, saMvarddhana, evaM poSaNa mAnatI calI A rahI hai| parantu digambara paramparA aMga evaM pUrva sAhitya ko lupta mAnakara mahAvIra kI ahiMsA evaM syAdvAdamayI vANI ko cAroM anuyogoM meM rakSita mAnatI hai| ataH vibhinna prakAra ke jaina sAhitya ko ina cAroM anuyogoM meM hI samAviSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai|

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zramaNoM kA avadAna 299 lagabhaga sampUrNa jaina sAhitya lokopakAra kI bhAvanA se ahiMsA evaM aparigraha kI bhAvanA aura usakI puSTa ke mUla uddezya ko lekara racA gayA hai| isa prakAra ke sAhitya ko dhArmika, dArzanika, karma sAhitya, adhyAtma, vyAkaraNa, purANa, kAvya, koSa, vaidyaka, jyotiSa Adi vibhinna rUpoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| jinakA kramazaH vivecana prastuta hai| dharma AcAra pradhAna hai aura AcAra prAdhAnya sAhitya ko dhArmika sAhitya kahA gayA hai| zramaNa aura zrAvaka varga ke sanmArga hetu isa prakAra ke dhArmika sAhitya ko jaina zramaNoM ke dvArA kAphI mAtrA meM likhA gayA hai jisameM mUlAcAra, samayasAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, puruSArthasiddhayupAya ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra Adi mukhya haiN| dArzanika yuga ke sarvaprathama AcArya samantabhadra ne saiddhAntika evaM Agamika paribhASAoM aura zabdoM ko dArzanika rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| vastu ke svarUpa ko dekhakara usake vivecanaparaka sAhitya ko dArzanika sAhitya kahA jA sakatA hai| nyAya kI kasauTI para kasA gayA darzana, dArzanika sAhitya kI koTi meM rakhate haiM, to pramANa, naya, Adi vivecana paraka sAhitya meM kundakunda kA pravacanasAra aura inake TIkAkAra amRtacandra evaM jayasena, tathA kundakunda se virAsata prApta AcArya samantabhadra siddhasena, pAtrakesarI, akalaMka, vidyAnanda, mANikyanandI, anantavIrya, Adi anekoM zramaNoM ne jaina sAhitya ke dArzanika evaM nyAya pakSa ko pallavita aura puSpita kiyA hai aura pramANa, prameya, naya, dravyaguNaparyAya, Adi kI mahatvapUrNa vyAkhyAe~ dii| karma siddhAnta kA guNadhara aura dharasena ne sUtrarUpa meM vivecana kiyA hai| puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ne "SadakhaNDAgama" ke rUpa meM sUtroM kA avatArakara-jIva sthAna, khuddAbandha, vedanA, vargaNA, bandha samitavicaya, aura mahAbandha ina chaha khaNDoM meM sUtroM kA praNayana kara karma siddhAnta kA vistArapUrvaka nirupaNa kiyaa| anantara vIrasenAcArya aura jinasenAcArya ne "dhavalA" aura "jayadhavalA" TIkAoM dvArA usakI vistRta vyAkhyAe~ dI haiN| paudgalika karma ke kAraNa jIva meM utpanna hone vAle rAgadveSAdi bhAva evaM kaSAya Adi vikAroM kA vivecana bhI karma sAhitya meM samAviSTa hai| zrutadharAcAryoM ne karmasiddhAnta ke prarupaka sAhitya meM pratisamaya hone vAle acche-bure bhAvoM ke anusAra tIvratama, tIvratara, tIvra manda, mandatara aura mandatama rUpoM meM karma kI vipAka sthiti kA varNana kiyA hai| kyoMki saMsArI AtmA karma ke udaya meM cAritra mohavaza sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karatI hai| karma aura AtmA ke bandhana kA yaha cakra anAdikAla se rahA hai| ataH bandha kA kAraNa mithyAtva rUpa rAgAdi vAsanAoM kA vinAza hetu karma sAhitya sRjita kiyA hai| isa prakAra ke sAhitya meM prasaMga-prasaMga para AdhyAtmavAda tattva jJAna, AcAra evaM anekAntAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko bhI nahIM chor3A hai|

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA jIva kA mUla prayojana apanI AtmA ke jAnane meM hI hai / aura apanI AtmA ke jJAna karAne meM tatpara sAhitya ko adhyAtma zAstra kahate haiM / adhyAtma vidyA ke pratipAdana meM kundakunda kRta samayasAra AtA hai| samyagdarzana jJAna evaM cAritra hI Atma svAtaMtrya kI prApti meM kAraNa haiM, jo ki samayasAra kA pratipAdya hai| naitika vyaktitva ke vikAsa ke lie adhyAtmavidyA Avazyaka hai / bhogavAdI dRSTikoNa, mAnavajIvana meM nirAzA, atRpti, aparAdha evaM kuNThAoM ko janma detA hai / aura adhyAtma ina saba se pare rakhatA hai / adhyAtma viSayaka sAhityakAroM meM kundakunda, padmaprabha, joindu Adi mukhya haiM, parantu sabhI zramaNa . sAhityakAroM ne adhyAtma ko apane-apane granthoM meM vivecita kiyA hai, kyoMki sabhI kA samAna lakSya Atmahita arthAt sacce sukha kI prApti hI thA / 300 jaina zramaNoM ne bhASAoM ko suvyavasthita svarUpa dene ke lie vibhinna bhASA ke vyAkaraNa granthoM kI bhI racanA kI hai| AcArya devanandi ne apane zabdAnuzAsana meM zrIdatta, yazobhadra, bhUtabali, prabhAcandra, siddhasena aura samantabhadra ina chaha vaiyAkaraNoM ke nAma diye haiM / yApanIya saMgha ke AcArya pAlyakIrti ne zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI, jisa para sAta TIkAe~ - amoghavRtti, zAkaTAyananyAsa, cintAmaNi, maNiprakAzi prakriyA saMgraha, zAkaTAyanasiddhi aura rUpasiddhi prApta haiN| ye sabhI mahatvapUrNa TIkAe~ haiN| dayApAla muni ne laghu- siddhAntakaumudI kI zailI para rUpasiddhi kI racanA kI hai / kAtantrarUpamAlA ke racayitA bhAvasena traividya hai / zubhacandra ne cintAmaNi nAmaka prAkRta vyAkaraNa likhA hai| zrutasAgarasUri kA bhI eka prAkRta vyAkaraNa upalabdha hai| 61 pUjyapAda ne jainendra vyAkaraNa ke nAma se saMskRta vyAkaraNa, abhayanandi ne mahAvRtti ke rUpa meM jaina vyAkaraNa kI TIkA, prabhAcandra ne zAkaTAyana nyAsa, bhAvasena traividya ne zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa TIkA, tamila bhASA ke prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa bhavanaMdi ne " nannUla" vyAkaraNa kA grantha dekara abhUtapUrva sevA kii| jo ki tamila bhASA kA lokapriya grantha hai tathA jo vahA~ ke vidyAlayoM evaM mahAvidyAlayoM meM pAThyapustaka ke rUpa meM niyata hai| isI prakAra nayasena ne kannaDa vyAkaraNa likhakara apanA yogadAna diyaa| isa prakAra vyAkaraNa kSetra meM bhI jaina zramaNa sakriya rhe| yaha eka pRthaka rUpa se vistRta zodha kI apekSA rakhatA hai / purANoM ke kSetra meM bhI jaina zramaNoM kA yogadAna rahA hai| jainadharma ke pariprekSya meM purANa kA abhiprAya "tresaTha zalAkA athavA samyagdRSTi mahAna puruSoM ke jIvana carita kA varNana karake unake zubhAzubha bhAva tathA unakA phala pradarzita kara sanmArga meM lagAne arthAt vItarAgatA kI ora le jAne bhAvoM ke prarUpaka sAhitya se hai, jise prathamAnuyoga kahate haiM / isameM padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa, mahApurANa, zAntinAtha purANa, caMdampaha cariu, pArzvanAtha caritra, kumudeMdu muni kRta " rAmakathA", bhadrabAhu caritra, evaM haripeNa kRta vRhadkathAkoSa mukhya hai|

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zramaNoM kA avadAna 301 kAvya/stotra - isa kSetra meM jaina zramaNoM ne paryApta likhA hai, jinameM bhaktAmara stotra, kalyANamandira, sahasranAmastotra Adi sAhitya hai, jo rasa, guNa samanvita hai| AdipurANa,harivaMzapurANa, yazastilaka Adi ucca kAvya kI koTi meM Ate haiN| koSa sAhitya meM pUjyapAda ne zabdAvatAra, terahavIM zatAbdI ke dharasena ne vizvAlocana koSa, divAkara muni kRta "divAkara nighaMTu" piMgala muni kRta "piMgalanighaMTu Adi, vaidyaka sAhitya meM ugrAdityAcArya kRta "kalyANakArakaM" nAmaka vRhdakAya Ayurveda kA prasiddha grantha, jyotiSa meM AcArya garga kRta nimitta zAstra, AcArya RSiputra kRta pAzakevalI, zrIdharAcArya kRta jyotirjJAnavidhikaraNa viSayaka jyotiSa grantha, AcArya bhaTTavosari kRta "AyajJAnatilaka" lAbha kA lAkSaNika grantha isI prakAra bhadrabAhu saMhitA Adi nimittazAstra, sUryaprajJapti Adi zramaNoM dvArA praNIta hai, jinake avadAnoM ko gauNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jyotiSa granthoM ke praNayana kA uddezya thA ki mAnava samUha lAkSaNika Adi granthoM se pUrvakRta zubhAzubha bhAvoM ke phala kA vicAra kara, evaM zuddhopayoga rUpa eka dharma mAtra ko hI saccA zaraNa jAnakara usake prati prerita ho sake, athavA zArIrika lakSaNoM se apanI Ayu kA vicAra kara tadanusAra samAdhimaraNa hetu udyata ho ske| isI prakAra graha nakSatroM evaM aSTAMgoM ke varNana karane kA uddezya rahA hai| jyotiSa Adi vidyAe~ svarga, naraka, puNyapApa, evaM AtmA ke anAdi anantatA kI bhI siddhi karatI haiN| isake atirikta jaina zramaNoM dvArA gaNita, bIjagaNita loka-vibhAga, rAjyanIti, nATaka, chandazAstra, tarkazAstra, kathA sAhitya, tathA pArzvadeva kRta "saMgIta samayasAra" ke rUpa meM saMgIta zAstra, Adi evaM kucha zramaNoM ke dvArA mantra- tantra ke sAhitya bhI likhe gaye haiN| yahA~ yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jaina zramaNa ina saba kA jJAna to kara sakatA hai, kyoMki ye saba dvAdazAMga ke aMga haiM, aura jJAna kA svabhAva "jAnanA" hai| ataH saba vidyAoM kA jJAtA to ho sakatA hai| parantu ina saba meM usakI Asakti nahIM hotI, aura jyotiSa, mantra-tantra evaM vaidyaka kA prayoga athavA usakI preraNA jaina zramaNa nahIM karate haiN| tathA usako apanI AjIvikA kiM vA yaza kA sAdhana nahIM banAte haiN| jaina zramaNa kI adhyAtma vidyA meM Asakti hotI hai, evaM usI ke upadeza evaM pracAra kI bhAvanA bhAte haiN| jaina zramaNoM ne bhArata kI pratyeka saMskRti evaM kSetra ko apanA yogadAna diyA hI hai, parantu "dakSiNa bhArata kI saMskRti meM unakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| tamila aura kannaDa bhASA kI prArambhika sAhityika unnati kA adhikAMza zreya jaina saMtoM ke parizrama ko hai62 evaM kannaDa ke gadya kA sarvaprathama rupa bhI "vaDDarAdhane" jo ki jaina zramaNa kI dena hai - meM prApta hotA hai|63

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302 jaina zramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA jaina zramaNoM ne sabhI bhASAoM meM evaM sabhI vidyAoM meM sAhitya likhakara apanI vidvattA va vizAlatA kA paricaya dekara sampUrNa rASTra ko eka sUtra meM bA~dhakara, dainandina rASTra evaM samAja kI sAhityika evaM AdhyAtmika sevA to karate hI rahe, sAtha hI unase vibhinna rAjavaMza samaya-samaya para prabhAvita hokara sanmArga pAkara ahiMsAtmaka kArya meM sakriya rhe| maurya samrATa candragupta AcArya bhadrabAhu se hI prabhAvita hokara dIkSAgrahaNa kara dakSiNa pradeza ke prati prasthAna kiyaa| sambhavataH mauryavaMza ke ahiMsaka hone kA kAraNa zramaNoM se prabhAvita honA hI hai| azoka jIvana ke pUrvArddha meM jaina thA, spaSTa hai ki vaha zramaNa caryA se prabhAvita thA, uttarArddha meM vaha bauddha dharma meM dIkSita huaa| samrATa samprati ne to jaina zAsana kI unnati hetu aneka stambha, stUpa evaM smArakoM kA nirmANa kraayaa| samrATa khAravela ne bhI zramaNoM ke lie guphAe~ evaM caitya banavAe~ / vIra cAmuNDarAya to spaSTa rUpa se zramaNoM se prabhAvita the jinhoMne "zravaNabelagolA" meM vizvavaMdya bhagavAna bAhubali kI pratimA sthApita kI thii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zramaNoM kA sAhitya kI pratyeka vidyA meM evaM saMskRti ke unnayana meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rhaa| jaina zramaNa AtmakalyANa to karate hI hai, sAtha hI para-kalyANa bhI unase kama na huaa| jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM unakA mahattvapUrNa avismaraNIya avadAna hai| sandarbha sUcI 1. pra.sA. tA.vR. 2/4/20, shrmnnshbdvaacyaanaacaaryopaadhyaaysaadhuushc|| 2. bhA. pA. mUla. va.TI. 122/273-74, "sAdhu shbdenaacaaryopaadhyaaysrvsdhvolbhynte| 3. paMcAdhyAyI uttarArddha - 629-644 shlok| 4. paMcAdhyAmI uttarArddha 709-713. 5. vahI, zloka 638. 6. bha. A.gA. 418 Avazyaka niyukti (zve. ) 994.. 7. gha. 1/11, 1/29-31, 48 mUlAcAra 158 niyamasAra gA. 73. 8. "AcAranti tasmAd vratAnityAcAryAH / sa.si. 9/24, rA.vA. 9/24.3, bha. A. gA. 419-AcAraM paNcavihiM ----- AyAravaM NAma, paMcAdhyAyI u. 64. 9. bha.A.gA. 419. 10. bo. pA. TI. meM uddhRta 1/72. 11. dvAdazatapa dazadharmajuta, pAleM pNcaacaar| . SaT Avaza trayagupti guNa, AcAraja padasAra / / 19 / / ipTa chttiisii| 12. gha. 1/1, 1, 1/32/50. 13. vahI 1/1, 1, 1/50/1. 14. mUlAcAra gA. 511. 15. rA.vA. 9/24/4; sa.si. 9/24.

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sandarbha sUcI 303 16. (mUlArAdhanA-629,831/4-pavattI alpazrutaH sansarvasaMghamaryAdAcaritajJaH pravartakaH ) 17. mUlAcAra AcAravRtti gA. 156 18. ti.paM. 4/967. 19. gha. 9/4, 1, 44/127/7. 20. ta.sU. 9/18. 21. athavA sAvadyaM karma hiMsAdibhedena vikalpanirvRtti chedopasthApanA - tatvArthavA. pR. 617. 22. sarva sAvadhanivRtti lakSaNa sAmAyikApekSayA ekaM vrataM, tadeva chedopasthApanApekSyA paMcavidham / sa.si.a. 7. 23. vrata samiti gupti ----- svsthitikriyaa|| 6 / / AcArasAra 24. tIsaM vAso jamme, vAsupudhattaM khu titthayara muule| ___ paccakkhANaM paDhido, sNkssuunndugaauyvihaaro|| 473 / / go.jI. kA. 25. bha.A.vi. 155. 26. go.ka.jI.pra. 527. 27. vahI 28. sa.si. 9/46; zve. sthAnAMga ke 194 sUtra meM bhI zramaNoM ke itane hI bheda milate haiN| milate haiN| 29. rA.vA. 9/46/6-12. 30. sa.si. 9/47, phuTanoTa meM anya vustaka se nimna upalabdha pATha-"kRSNalezyAditrayaM tayoH kathamiti ceducyate" 31. vahI, tatvArtha vRtti 9/47. 32. sa.si. 9/46, rA. vA. 9/46/1. 33. rA.vA. 9/47, cA.sA. 104 34. savArtha siddhi - mohazabalayuktA bakuzA, 9/46. 35. savArtha siddhi 9/47, evaM ta.sU. rAmajIbhAI TIkA ke AdhAra pr| 36. nyA. vi. TI. 2/1/1/8 sAdhyAvinAbhAvaniyamanirNAyakalakSaNaM vakSyamANaM liNgm| 37. dhavala 13/5, 5, 43/245/6, - kiMlakkhaNaliMga/aNNahANuvavatilakkhaNaM / 38. mUlAcAra gA. 908. 39. pravacanasAra gA. 205-6. 40. bhAvapAhuDa - gA. 56, kundakundakRta 41. rayaNasAra gA. 87. 42. rA.vA. 9/46/11 dRSTayA saha yatra rUpaM tatra nirgrantha vyapadezaH na rUpamAtra iti| 43. bha.A.gA. 770; zIlapAhuDa gA. 5.. 44. sa.sA.gA. 410 Na vi esa -------- jiNA veti / 45. liMgapAhuDa, gA. 2.

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304 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 46. bhAvapAhuDa gA. 2, 74; 100, yogasAra 5/57. 47. mokSamArga prakAzaka adhyAya 9, pR. 462, ( sastI granthamAlA, dehalI, dvitIya saMskaraNa) 48. samayasAra gA. 408-410. 49. mUlAcAra gA. 900. 50. bhAvapAhuDa gA. 72. 51. samAdhizataka zloka 87. 52. mo. pA.gA. 57. 53. bhA.pA.gA. 6, 68, 111. 54. mo.pA.gA. 61. 55. bhA.pA.gA. 49, 69, 71, 90. 56. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA gA. 431 kI TIkA, pRSTha 324. 57. samayasAra gA. 436, tAtparya vRtti TI. (jaina samAja solApura prakAzana 1983 ) 58. vahI 59. pravacanasAra gA. 20, AdAya taM pi liMgaM guruNA parameNa taM nnmNsittaa| 60. bhA.pA.TI.gA. 73, bhAvaliMgena dravyaliMgaM dravyaliMgena bhAvaliMga bhavatItyubhayameva pramANIkartavyaM / ekAntamatena tena sarva naSTaM bhavatIti veditavyam / 61. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA bhAga 4 pR. 338 ke AdhAra para 62. prAcIna bhArata pR. 66, le.pro.I.je. raaysen| 63. kannaDa sAhitya kI rUparekhA pR. 4, le.DaoN. hiraNyamaya /

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upasaMhAra pUrva adhyAyoM meM prastuta jaina zramaNAcAra kA anusandhAnAtmaka adhyayana unakI AcAra saMhitA ko spaSTa karatA hI hai, sAtha hI unakI sarvamAnyatA, lokapriyatA, va zreSThatA kI bhI sahaja siddhi kara detA hai / evaM kucha aise samAdhAna bhI prastuta karatA hai jo ki jaina dharma / darzana aura vizeSataH jaina AcAra saMhitA ko lekara uThate haiM / jaina dharma ke pAramparika aitihAsika dRSTikoNa, prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko itanA prAcIna siddha karate haiM, jisakA ki upalabdha aitihAsika anusandhAna ke AdhAra para usakI kAlagaNanA azakya hai / cUMki jaina zramaNAcAra RSabhadeva se jur3atA hai, ataH isa caryA ko kisI kAla meM bA~dhanA nyAyocita nahIM hai / vedoM meM prApta RRSabhadeva ke sammAnanIya saMdarbha nagna jaina muni kI sArvajanikatA, lokamAnyatA to siddha karatA hI hai, sAtha hI vedoM se nagna vRtti rUpa dharma saMskRti kI siddhi bhI hotI hai| nizcita rUpa se vaidika puruSa jaina muni se atyanta prabhAvita rahe haiM, tabhI unhoMne jaina zramaNa ko bhagavAna kI taraha sthAna diyA / parantu paravartI vedAnuyAyI logoM ne sAmpradAyikatAvaza | ina tathyoM ko yA to gauNa kiyA yA phira abhAva / tathApi jaina zramaNoM ne apanI ahiMsaka pravRtti se sampUrNa deza, kAla kI paramparA ko prabhAvita kiyA, aura Aja sampUrNa vizva ke logoM kI ahiMsA ke prati ruci sacce jaina zramaNoM kI hI dena hai / jaina zramaNa ke yadyapi vizeSaNoM kI apekSA se vibhinna paryAyavAcI nAma haiM tathApi unake puruSArtha sAhasikatA evaM AdhyAtmika abhiruci ke dyotaka ke rUpa meM "bhramaNa " zabda hI nirdoSa lakSaNa yukta arthAt avyApti, ativyApti, evaM asaMbhava lakSaNa ke doSoM se rahita, zreSTha nAma hai| jaina zramaNoM ke pauruSa se hindu saMskRti to prabhAvita rahI hI, islAmI saMskRti bhI prabhAvita huyI hai| prAcIna bhAratIya purAtatva to mAnoM jaina zramaNoM ke gIta hI gA rahA hai, usakI eka-eka IMTa jaina zramaNa kI ahiMsaka evaM aparigraha caryA se arcita va carcita haiM, mohana joDAro, azoka ke zAsana lekha, ahicchetra ke purAtatva, kauzAmbI, kuhAUM kA gupta kAlIna purAtatva, rAjagRha evaM vaMgAla kA purAtatva, kAdamba rAjAoM ke prasiddha elorA kI guphAaiM isake lie jIvanta pramANa haiM /

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306 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA purAtAtvika sAmagrI ke atirikta nanda, maurya, evaM sikandara mahAn samrATa jaina zramaNoM se bahuta prabhAvita the| bhAratIya sAhityikatA bhI jaina zramaNAcAra se prabhAvita huyI hai, saMskRta, tamila, kannaDa sAhitya to jaina zramaNoM ke yazogAna meM hI lIna haiN| jaina zramaNacaryA yadyapi avyAbAdha rUpa se vahatI rahI hai, tathApi isa zramaNAcAra meM bhI vibhinna vijAti zAkhAeM prasphuTita hotI rahI haiM, aura yaha eka lambI avadhi ko taya karane vAle ke lie anahonI nahIM hai| mahAvIra ke pazcAt eka vikaTa paristhiti meM vastra ke vivAda ne zvetAmbara sampradAya ko janma diyaa| jo aba taka vidyamAna aura pallavita evaM puSpita hai| sacamuca meM samasta vivAda to vastra kiMvA parigraha meM haiM, aura yahI vibhinna sampradAyoM kA janaka bhI, koI gerUAvastra meM vizvAsa to koI zvetavastra meM jabaki vastroM ke andara sabhI samAna evaM eka se haiM, aura jisase sabhI meM samAnatA AtI hai| bheda-bhAva kA anta va UMca-nIca kI pravRtti kI samAdhi ho vahI santoM kA dharma hai, aura yaha mAtra nagna veSa kI svIkRti meM hI hai| vastra pazcAtavartI jabaki nagnatA sahaja evaM anAdi kAlIna hai, ataH usa vRtti ko svIkArane vAlA prakRti premI hI satyAnveSI hai| isa taraha nagna veSa rUpa digambaratva prAcIna evaM zreSTha hai| aura yahI samabhAva kA dyotaka hone se santoM kA dharma ho sakatA hai| jahA~ samabhAva nahIM vaha santa nahIM hai| santoM meM bhI kathaMcit sAmAjikatA hone ke kAraNa, satya kI surakSA ke abhiprAya se vibhinna gaNoM, gacchoM, aura anvayoM kA sahaja abhyudaya huA jisase yadi eka tarapha utthAna huA, to dUsarI tarapha patana bhI aura santa tathA samAja eka jAtIya saMkIrNatA meM baMdha se gaye, tathApi sacce nirdoSa zramaNa samaya-samaya para hote rhe| jainadharma meM vyaktivAda ko koI sthAna nahIM hai aura na hI kisI bheSa vizeSa kI koI mhttaa| jaise bhArata, dharma-nirapekSa rASTra hai aura usakA rASTrapati, pradhAnamaMtrI athavA anya koI mahatvapUrNa rAjakIya vyakti dharma nirapekSa hogA, parantu isakA artha yaha nahIM ki unake vyaktigata jIvana meM koI dharma vizeSa kA sthAna na rhe| cUMki bhArata dharma nirapekSa hai aura vaha yadi kinhIM mAnavIya guNoM ke AdhAra para ahiMsA, aparigraha Adi tathyoM ko protsAhita karatA hai athavA zarAba, mA~sa, Adi AhAra vikRtiyoM ke nivAraNArtha vizeSa kadama uThAtA hai jo ki kisI dharma ke vizeSa lakSaNa haiM, aura usase koI vizeSa dharma/sampradAya,vizeSa rUpa se prakAza meM AtA hai athavA vaicArika gutthiyoM ke sulajhAne meM samartha anekAnta syAvAda kA nAmollekha pUrvaka vizeSa pracArita karatA hai, jisase rASTra evaM samAja kA vizeSa hita ho rahA ho, parantu ye saba kisI dharma vizeSa meM hI pAye jAte hoM, to isase vaha rASTra, dharma sApekSa nahIM kaha diyA jaaegaa| isI prakAra se yadyapi jainadharma meM kisI bheSa vizeSa kA koI sthAna nahIM, tathApi AdhyAtmikatA kA AdhAra vItarAgatA ko mahattA milI hai, aura vaha

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upasaMhAra vItarAgatA nagnatA meM hI sambhava hai, ataH nagna bheSa meM hI mukti zakya hai| NamokAra maMtra meM jo " Namo loe savvasAhUNaM" AtA hai usakA bhI artha vItarAgatA lie nagna digambara svarupa se yukta loka ke sarva sAdhuoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, na ki yadvA tadvA kisI bhI nAmadhArI sAdhu ko namaskAra hai / yaha kaisI viDambanA hai ki sAdhutA ke nAma para kisI bheSadhArI ko usake guNa-avaguNa kI pahicAna kiye binA satkAra - namaskAra Adi kiyA jAtA hai| jabaki guNoM kI prApti ke lie hI kisI ko sammAna diyA jAtA hai jaisA ki tattvArtha sUtra ke maMgalAcaraNa meM "vande tad guNalabdhaye" AtA hai, jaba kisI meM usake Avazyaka apekSita guNa / vizeSatAe~ hove hI nahIM, to usake sammAna kA kyA aucitya ho sakatA hai? yaha to chalAvA mAtra hai| 307 hama prayojanavaza hI kisI ko apanA sammAna dete haiM, phira cAhe vaha laukika prayojana ho yA pAralaukika, parantu vizva ke samasta prANI jagata kA eka mukhya prayojana rahatA hai| jisake lie hI vaha samasta vyavasAya karatA hai aura vaha prayojana hai duHkha ke parihAra rUpa sukha kI prApti, aura vaha yathArtha samajha se milatI hai| vastu kI sahI jAnakArI va tadnusAra pariNati hone para sukha prApta hotA hai / vastu ke svabhAva kA jJAna zraddhAna evaM AcaraNa hI dharma hai| isa vastu tattva meM maiM svayaM bhI eka Atma-vastu hU~, sukha prApti ke lie yaha parijJAna Avazyaka hai, kyoMki duHkha svayaM meM hai, aura usake abhAvapUrvaka sukha bhI svayaM meM hI karanA hai| ina saba kArya kI pramukhatA zramaNoM meM hotI hai ataH ve dharmAtmA kahalAte haiN| ye zramaNa "tIna gupti rUpI gupti kA Azraya lete haiM, anazana Adi tapa rUpI rAjya kA pAlana karane meM unakI buddhi lagI rahatI hai, 'pUrNa vrata rUpI kavaca dhAraNa karate haiM zIla rUpI kheTa meM basate haiM, dhyAna rUpI atyanta tIkSNa talavAra rakhate haiM, usake dvArA karmarUpI zatruoM kI senA ko vaza meM karane ke lie tatpara rahate haiM / isa prakAra zramaNoM kA mAhAtmya hai| jaina dharma meM jIva- ajIva Asava-baMdha, saMvara- nirjarA, mokSa ye sAta tattva kahe gaye haiM, yadi isa tAtvika avasthA ke antargata hI zramaNa kA svarUpa kaheM, to nirantara saMsAra ke kAraNa rUpa karma ko Ane se rokate haiM aura saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA karate haiM yahI unakI ahorAtri caryA hai, vyavasAya hai, isake alAvA ve kucha nahIM karate haiM, ataH savaMranirjarA kI mUrti muni haiN| yahI unakA mukhya dharma hai| tadanusAra paMcamahAvrata, gupti-samiti, paMcendriya jaya, SaDAvazyaka evaM zeSa sAta guNa ke pAlana rUpa vRtti bhI unake jIvana meM dekhI jAtI hai, jise dharma bhASA meM 28 mUlaguNa kahate haiM / yahA~ yaha kahanA ki ina aTThAisa mUlaguNoM kA AviSkAra kisane kiyA, yaha prazna-paddhati nyAyocita nahIM hai| hA~, yaha prazna ki kisane sAhityika rUpa meM prathama kahA, upalabdha sAhitya ke AdhAra para AcArya kundakunda yA vaTTakera ko kaha sakate haiM, parantu yaha unakI dena nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai / santoM kI ahiMsaka vRtti isa prakAra 28 bhedoM se hotI hai| sajjanoM kA aisA svabhAva hI hai, jaise jala kA trikAlavartI svabhAva zItala aura agni kA garma vaise hI zramaNoM kA bhI ukta prakAra se bhedAbheda rUpa svabhAva hai| 1. bha. A. pR. 90

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA jaina zramaNa kA atyanta pavitra jIvana aura unakA Izvara ke rUpa meM sthAna hai aura ve aSTadravya se pUjya haiN| ataH isa jIvana zailI kI prApti hetu utkRSTa pAtratA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| ataH sAmAnyataH, aparAdhI, loka viruddha, atikAmI puruSoM ko protsAhita nahIM kiyA hai / atyanta saMvegI, saMsAra, zarIra, bhogoM se udAsIna, jJAnavAna vyakti ko jinaliMga ke dhAraNa ke yogya kahA gayA hai| sAtha hI jo lUlA, laMgar3A, andhA, kAnA, pArivArika janoM se anumati na lAyA huA aura zUdravarNa ko pAtratA ke ayogya kahA gayA hai, tathA jo bAlyAvasthA yukta hai usako bhI dIkSA ke lie apAtra kahA hai| jitanI AvazyakatA dIkSA ke lie pAtra jIvana kI hai, utanI hI Avazyaka sAvadhAnI dIkSAdAtA ke jIvana paddhati kI parIkSA kI hai| dIkSA lene vAle ko, dhIra-gambhIra suyogya AcArya se hI dIkSA lenA cAhie / AcArya bhI navAgantuka ke suyogya jIvana ko dekhakara ati sAvadhAnIpUrvaka dIkSA dete haiN| 308 mokSa kA mArga to yadyapi sarva parigraha ke utsarga (tyAga) rUpa hI hai, tathApi sImita saMyama ke upakaraNa rUpa picchi, kamaNDalu evaM zAstra ko apavAda mArga meM svIkArA hai / tathApi yaha bhI sUkSma doSa hI hai jisakA bhI tyAga Avazyaka hai| utsarga evaM apavAda ke samucita samanvaya rUpa mArga se sAdhaka ko calanA caahie| zvetAmbarIya sampradAya meM apavAda kI Ar3a meM eka lambI parigraha kI sUcI evaM AhAra vyavasthA prarUpita kI hai vaha sahI nahIM hai| jisa apavAda mArga se zithilAcAra prasUta ho vaha jaina zAsana meM svIkRta nahIM hai / aTThAisa mUlaguNa yukta zramaNa kI sampUrNa AcAra saMhitA ko AcArya vaTTakera ne samAcAra adhikAra meM prarUpita kiyA hai| rAgadveSa rahita AcAra ko samAcAra kahate haiM, jo zramaNAcAra kA vaiziSTya hai| yaha audhika aura pada vibhAgAdika ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai / bhramaNa kA prAtaH kAla SaDAvazyakoM se prArambha hotA hai| zramaNoM kA nizcaya naya se Avazyaka arthAt avazya karane yogya kArya to Atmika sthiratA banAye rakhanA hI hai, tathApi vyavahAra naya se, sAmayika, vaMdanA, caturvizAMtistava, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna evaM kAyotsarga hai / yaha hI unakI nitya kriyA hai, parantu samaya-samaya para viziSTa dhArmika parva, nirvANa divasa Adi para naimittika kriyAoM meM sotsAha pravartita hote haiM / 1 jaina zramaNa kI AhAra caryA bhI karma nirjarArtha hotI hai| unakA bhojana zarIra kI puSTi ke lie nahIM apitu Atma-sAdhanA ke lie hotA hai, aura ve Atma- sAdhanA ke AdhAra para indriyoM para vijaya prApta karate haiN| ve indriyoM se adhika Atma-svarUpa para upayoga lagAte haiN| ataH indriya -jayI svataH ho jAte haiM / indriyoM ko jItane kA sIdhA mArga yaha hai ki unako mahatva denA banda kara diyA jaae| ve samasta zakti apanI AtmA para lagAte haiM, ataH ve indriyoM para pUrNa vijayI ho jAte haiN| jo dUsaroM para zakti kA prayoga karake vijaya prApta karatA hai, vaha to apane zatru para apUrNa vijaya hI prApta karatA hai, pUrNa nhiiN| jaina bhramaNa pUrNa vijayI hone ke lie alpAhAra lekara usase kaThora tapasyA karate haiN| zuddha AhAra lekara

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upasaMhAra 309 bhI usakI paravazatA meM kheda vyakta kara vana kI ora prasthAna kara jAte haiN| inakI bhikSAcaryA ko akSamakSaNa, gocarI, bhrAmarI Adi vibhinna nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| inakA AhAra sUryodaya ke tIna ghar3I bAda aura sUryAsta ke tIna ghar3I zeSa rahate eka bAra khar3e-khar3e hAtha meM lekara hI hotA hai jo ki AhAra ke prati utkRSTa, nispRha vRtti evaM svAbhimAnatA kI dyotaka hai| AhArArtha gamana bhI vibhinna pratijJAoM ko lekara hotA hai| apane lie banAye gaye AhAra ko tyAga kara anuddiSTa AhAra ko grahaNa karate haiN| jo ki apane Apa meM eka zlAghanIya niyama hai aura sarva sAvadya evaM sarva Arambha se mukta AhAra hai| AhAra kA grahaNa bhI yadA-yA kisI ke ghara para nahIM apitu uccakula meM, sIdhI paMkti se tIna athavA sAta ghara se AyA huA prAsuka AhAra dAtA kI navadhA bhakti dekhakara grahaNa karate haiN| digambara zramaNa kI AhAra- caryA meM jitanA AhAra zuddhi para dhyAna diyA gayA hai, utanA zvetAmbara paramparA meM zramaNa kI AhAra zuddhi para dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| vahA~ para zramaNa ke mA~sAhAra taka kA ullekha hai, isa sambandha meM dillI vizvavidyAlaya se vINA jaina ne jaina muniyoM ke mA~sAhAra kA ullekha kara sarvaprathama isa kSetra meM apane sAhasa evaM niSpakSatA kA paricaya diyA thaa| jarmana ke vidvAna yAkobI ne isa taraha kI carcA kI thI jisakA jaina samAja ne kAphI virodha kiyA thaa| kintu inakA khokhalA, bebuniyAda virodha kucha na kara skaa| kyoMki mA~sAhAra ke ullekha jaba zve. jaina sAhitya meM hai, to unakA saMketa karanA kaunasA aparAdha hai| anusandhAnakartA ke ullekha na karane para ve prasaMga samApta to nahIM ho jaaeNge| parantu vahA~ zodha kI vINA jaina ne eka bhramapUrNa galatI yaha kI ki una mA~sAhAra kA ullekha vistRta zodha kI samIkSA kiye binA sampUrNa jaina dharma ke sAtha jor3A, jo ki sahI na thaa| digambara sampradAya mA~sAhAra kA sarvathA virodha karatA hai| jabaki zvetAmbara sampradAya eka viziSTa paristhiti janya- janma hai| ataH unake yahA~ isa prakAra ke kAphI prasaMga pAye jAte haiN| yataH isa prakAra kA bheda samajhanA ati Avazyaka hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ahiMsaka the aura unhIM kI paramparA meM digambara zramaNa saMgha (nagnavRtti sahita) AtA hai, zvetAmbara sampradAya mahAvIra kI mUla paramparA se bhinna hai| ataH zvetAmbara ke sAhitya kA evaM AgamoM kA isI kAraNa bahiSkAra evaM amAnya eka varga ne kiyaa| yadyapi zvetAmbara sampradAya ke paravartI vidvAnoM evaM zramaNoM ne ina mA~sa paraka zabdoM kA artha vanaspati paraka karanA zurU kara diyA hai, parantu usase kucha spaSTa na ho skaa| hA~, yaha bAta bhI satya hai ki vartamAna meM jahA~ taka maiMne jAnakArI prApta kI, koI bhI zvetAmbarIya zramaNa madya, mA~sa, kA prayoga nahIM karatA, aura prabala rUpa se usakA virodha hI karatA hai| tathApi isa sampradAya ke isa taraha ke sAhityika ullekha inake janma samaya kI ghaTanAoM ko mAnyatA dene ke lie hI haiM, maiM aisA mAnatA huuN|

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310 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA digambara zramaNa 32 antarAyoM ko TAlakara AhAra lete haiM, aura tatpazcAt vana kI Ara prasthAna kara jAte haiN| eka sthAna para jyAdA samaya nahIM rahate. aura zahara ko apanA AvAsa sthala nahIM banAte haiN| aniyata vihArI hokara bhavya jIvoM ko dharmopadeza diyA karate haiN| paidala hI vihAra karate haiM evaM IryA- samiti kA pAlana karate haiM, sUrya ke dvArA acchI taraha bhUmi tapta hone para evaM bhUmi ke prAsuka hone para gamana karate haiN| gamana karate hue idhara-udhara jijJAsA bhAva se na dekhakara maunapUrvaka binA kisI ko batAye, dharma pracAra, tIrthavandanA athavA jJAna lAbha ke lie vihAra karate haiN| jaina dharma meM ekala vihAra kA niSedha kiyA hai, ataH akele vihAra nahIM karate haiM jo ki ucita hai| ekala vihAra meM aneka doSa sambhava hai| atipuruSArthI, uttama saMhanana yukta zramaNa bhI, AcArya kI AjJA se ekala vihArI hote haiN| apanA sampUrNa jIvana dharmArAdhanA pUrvaka vyatIta kara anta samaya zarIra ko dhIratA, evaM vIratA pUrvaka paNDitamaraNa karate haiN| AcArya kA yadi maraNa ho to ve AcArya pada tyAga karake samAdhimaraNa karate haiM, kyoMki AcArya padavI bhI upAdhi hai aura aupAdhika bhAva se mokSa nahIM hai, mokSa to sAdhu avasthA se kahA hai| AcArya apanA samAdhimaraNa anya saMgha meM jAkara karateM haiM. kyoMki apane saMgha meM samAdhi maraNa moha kI khAna hai| apane saMgha ko tyAga kara anya saMgha meM sAmAnya sAdhu banakara svIkRta samAdhimaraNa. hI yogya hai| samAdhimaraNa karAne vAle zramaNoM ko niryApakAcArya kahate haiM, yogya niryApaka kI khoja karanA ati mahatva pUrNa kahA gayA hai| niryApaka yogyAyogya AhAra ko jAnane meM kuzala, kSapaka ke mana ko jAnane vAle aura usakA samAdhAna dene vAle, prAyazcitta grantha ke rahasya ko jAnane vAle, evaM sva-para upakAra meM kuzala hote haiN| adhikatama 48 niryApaka aura kama se kama do, niryApaka samAdhi maraNa karA sakate haiN| yadyapi jaina zramaNa niraticArataH apane svarUpa kA pAlana karate hI haiM, aura unake niraticAra pAlana karAne meM bahuta bar3A yogadAna AcArya kA hotA hai, tathApi kucha zramaNa apane mArga evaM uddezya se bhraSTa ho jAte haiM, jinako jaina dharma meM avaMdanIka hI kahA hai| bhraSTa karane meM bahuta bar3A yogadAna zrAvakoM kA hai| parantu yogya AcArya evaM unake anuzAsana ke abhAva meM bhI zramaNa apane patha se bhraSTa ho jAte haiN| yadi AcArya hI svayaM bhraSTa evaM jar3avat ho to usake saMgha kI bhraSTatA kI sthiti kA anumAna bhI nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai| zramaNa dharma mokSamArga hai ataH isameM thor3I sI bhI zithilatA sambhava nhiiN| jo kI gayI pratijJA ko tor3e vaha bahuta bar3A aparAdhI hai| kyoMki cAritra eka sapheda kAgaja hai| eka bAra kalaMkita ho jAne para isakA pUrvavat ujjvala honA kaThina hai| zramaNa-dharma ko aMgIkAra bahuta soca samajhakara kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara zramaNa kA cinha bhI mahAvIra ke upadezAnusAra nahIM hai, parantu jo nagna rahakara bhI maryAdita jIvana vyatIta nahIM karate haiM, ve bhI bhraSTa hI kahe gaye haiN| jainadharma meM guNoM kI mahattA hai| cinha vizeSa kI koI mahattA nahIM

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311 upasaMhAra hai| vartamAna kAla meM mere dvArA kiye gaye zramaNa paryavekSaNa meM maiMne pAyA ki Aja lagabhaga koI bhI aisA zramaNa nahIM dikhatA jo jainadharma meM kathita zramaNa svarUpa meM samAhita ho ske| yaha bar3hate hue zithilAcAra kA pariNAma hai| bhaktoM kI sthiti yaha hai ki yaha saba jAnate hue bhI pUjate haiM evaM sammAna dete haiN| isake pIche unakA tarka yaha rahatA hai ki ye "auroM se to acche haiM" yA "paMcama kAla" hai isase bhraSTAcArI zramaNoM ko sammAna mila jAtA hai| jabaki ina tarkoM kA jainadharma meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| yahA~ to guNa hI pUjya haiN| jaina zramANoM ke kahIM AMzika doSa kI apekSA pulAka, vakuza, kuzIla Adi bheda kiye haiM, to Antarika prazAsana, zikSA, dIkSA kI apekSA se AcArya, upAdhyAya, bheda kara diye gaye haiN| isI prakAra viziSTa puNyodaya athavA pauruSa kI apekSA tIrthaMkara- zramaNa, gaNadhara, jinakalpI, sthavira kalpI Adi bheda kiye gaye haiN| isI prakAra niryApakAcArya, bAlAcArya, Adi se bheda ho jAte haiN| guNasthAnoM kI apekSA, nirjarA kI apekSA Adi se bheda ho jAte haiN| parantu isa saba meM zrAmaNya kI apekSA bheda nahIM hai| ve sabhI samAna rUpa se pUjyanIka evaM vaMdanIka haiN| jaina zramaNa zradrA ko nagara banA aura tapa evaM saMvara ko usakI Agala, kSamA ko dRDha parakoTA banA, aura mana vacana kAya kI gupti ko kilA, khAI aura topa banA Atma- zakti ko dhanupa aura IryA samiti ko usakI DorI, dhairya ko usakI mUMTha aura satya rUpI prayatna se use khIca kara, phira tapa rUpI bANa le karma kavaca ko bhedate, isa prakAra yuddha karane vAlA muni sadA ke lie saMgrAma kA anta kara detA hai aura saMsAra se chUTa jAte hai| jaina zramaNa yadyapi AtmakalyANa kI bhAvanA meM hI pravRtta rahate haiM ataH Antarika vyaktitva ke dhanI to hote hI haiM; tathApi unakA bAhya vyaktitva kisI se bhI kama na rahA hai| vizeSa rUpa se sAhityika vidyA meM ; unhoMne sAhitya ke hara kSetra meM saMskRta sAhitya, tamila, kannaDa, apabhraMza, prAkRta tathA ina bhASAoM meM nyAya, vyAkaraNa, dharma, darzana, karma, AcAra, purANa, jyotiSa, yantra-mantra, Ayurveda Adi sabhI viSayoM para lokopakAra kI bhAvanA se likhaa| ataH hama dekhate haiM ki jaina zramaNa- paramparA zrAvakoM ke lie, Atmahita kI dRSTi se to upakArI rahI hI hai, tathApi jIvana ke hara kSetra meM rASTrIya, sAmAjika evaM vaiyaktika jIvana meM unakA zrAvakoM ke lie yogadAna rahA hai| ataH jIvana kI pratyeka vidyA meM sacce zramaNa hara kisI ke Adarza ho sakate haiN| 1. uttarAdhyayana 9,20,22

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312 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA sandarbha grantha sUcI 1. apTapAhuDa - la. kundakunda,sonagaDha saMskaraNa 1B. apTapAhur3a - zrutasAgarIya kRta TIkA 2. amitagati zrAvakAcAra - paM. vaMzIdhara zolApura, prathama saMskaraNa, vi.saM.1979 3. aMga suttANi, ( zve. ) 4. anagAra dharmAmRta, AzAdhara kRta bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, san 1977 5. AtmAnuzAsan - guNabhadrAcArya kRta, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura san 1980 6. AcArAMga sUtra - ( zve. ) vyAbara saMskaraNa -1980 7. AcArAMga sUtra - pro. rAvajIbhAI devarAja dvArA prakAzita, moravI kAThiyAvAr3a, vi.saM. 1962 8. AcArAMga cUrNi (zve. ) - jinadAsa gaNi, zRpabhadAsa kezarImala saMsthA,ratalAma -1941 9. AcArAMga - amolaka zrRSi kRta anuvAda - (zve. ) haidarAbAda, dakSiNa saMskaraNa 10. AcArasAra - vIranandi kRta, prakA. digambara jaina samAja (ajamera) vIra nirvANa saM. 2506 11. Avazyaka cUrNi ( zve. )-jinadAsa gaNi, RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma 1928 12. AcArAMga - zIlAMka TIkA (zve. )-siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, sUrata 1935 13. AdipurANa - hastalikhita, alIgaMja jaina mandira 14. iSTopadeza - pUjyapAda, sampAdaka dhanyakumAra jaina, rAyacandra granthamAlA, bambaI, 1954 ii.| 15. IzAdiviMzottara zatopaniSada 16. upAsakAdhyayana - somadeva, sampA.paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, pra.saM. 1964I. 17. ekIbhAva stotra - AcArya vAdirAja 18. uttarAdhyayana - jaina pustakoddhAra samiti,sUrata 1916 19. aupapAtika sUtra 20. uttarAdhyayana - nemIcandra vRtti (zve. ) 21. uttarAdhyayana sUtra eka parizIlana - le. DaoN. sudarzana lAla jI, prakA. sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti amRtasara, 1970 22. kalpasUtra - prakAzaka bhImasiMha mANeka bambaI, gujarAtI TIkA, saMskaraNa vi.saM. 1962 23. kArtikeyAnuprekSA - prakAzaka rAjacandra granthamAlA, pra.saM. san 1960 24. kriyAkoza - paM. daulatarAma, jaina sAhitya prakAzana kAryAlaya, bambaI 1918 -

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pariziSTa 25. kriyAkalApa pannAlAla sonI zAstrI, AgarA vi. saM. 1913 26. kirAtarjunIya le. mahAkavi bhAravi - 27. kalyANamuni aura samrATa sikandara -le. pArzvakIrtivarNI, jaina sAhitya sadana, cAMdanI cauka dillI 28. kannaDa sAhitya kI rUparekhA - le. DaoN. hiraNyamaya / 29. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa - nemIcandra siddhAnta cakravartI, rAjacandragranthamAlA, AgAsa, tR. saM. 1971 30. carcA saMgraha - vra. rAyamallakRta, aprakAzita, alIgaMja jaina mandira 31. cAritrasAra - cAmuNDarAya kRta, mA. ca. di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI vi. saM. 1974 32. cAritradharmaprakAza cAritrasAra para muni viveka sAgara kRta TIkA, jaina samAja sIkara dvArA prakAzita vI. ni. 2501 33. jaina sAhitya meM vikAra paM: becaradAsa dozI, ahamadAbAda 34. jaina darzana - le. nyA. nyA. muni nyAyavijaya ( zve. ) prakA. hemacandrAcArya jaina sabhA 35. jAvAlopaniSada, pATaNa, saMskaraNa, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1968 36. jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya - - saMskaraNa 37. jinendramata darpaNa - saMpAdaka vra. zrI zItalaprasAda, jaina mitra maNDala dehalI, 1926 38. jaina sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa - sampA. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA, prakA. (pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama banArasa) - 39. jainadharma kA udgama aura vikAsa 40. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga-2 sampAdaka vijayamUrti, bambaI 1952 41. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga - 3 saMgrahakartA paM. vijayamUrti, mANikacandra granthamAlA 313 - vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA / 47. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa bambaI- 1942 le. sAdhvI saMghamitrA, jaina vizva bhAratI lADanU~, bambaI, vI. ni. 2483 42. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga - 4, sampA. DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara, jJAnapITha kAzI, vI. ni. saM. 2431 43. jaina AcAra le. mohanalAla mehatA, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI 1966 - 44. jainendra siddhAnta koSa bhAga 1, 2, 3, 4 jJAnapITha prakAzana, prathama saMskaraNa 45. jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa DaoN. bhAgacandra jI bhAskara, nAgapura vidyApITha prakAzana, san 1977 46. jaina nibandha ratnAvalI- paM. milApacandra jI kaTAriyA evaM paM. ratanalAla kaTAriyA, - nAthUrAma premI, hindI grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya,

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314 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 48. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrva pIThikA - kailAzacandra zAstrI,varNI jaina granthamAlA vArANasI vI.ni.saM. 2489 / 49. ThANAMga sUtra (zve. ) - amolaka RSikRta hindI anuvAda, haidarAbAda saMskaraNa 50. tattvArtha sUtra - umAsvAmi kRt| 51. tyAgamImAMsA - le.paM. dIpacanda varNI, prakA. jauharImala sarrApha darIvAkalA dehalI, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1931 52. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA bhAga 1,2,3,4, - le. DaoN. nemIcandra zAstrI, akhila bhAratIya di. jaina vidvatpariSada dvArA prakAzita prathama sNskrnn| 53. tattvArtha bhASya TIkA (siddhasena kRta) - sampAdaka paM. mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI pra.saM. 1953 54. tattvArtha saMgraha - sampAdaka - svAmI dvArikA dAsa zAstrI vArANasI 55. tattvArtha zloka vArtika- vidyAnandi kRta, kunthusAgara granthamAlA zolApura, pra. saM. * 1949-56 56. tattvArtha rAjavArtika - akalaMka kRta, sampA. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya, jJAnapITha kAzI, 1953 57. tattvArtha sUtra - rAmajIbhAI TIkA, di. jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha vI.ni. 2502 58. tattvArthasAra - amRtacandrAcArya granthamAlA, vArANasI 1970 59. tiloyapaNNatti - jIvarAja granthamAlA, zolApura, pra. saM., 1999 60. dasavaikAlika - tatvAvadhAna hastImala mahArAja, samyak jJAna pracAra maMDala jayapura san 1983 61. dasavaikAlika, (zve. ) haribhadra sUri TIkA, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina granthamAlA bhAvanagara, vi.saM. 2011 62. darzana pAhuDa TIkA - prakAzaka mANika candra granthamAlA bambaI, pra.saM. vi.saM. 1977 63. dazAzruta skandha - (zve. ) niyukti va cUrNa sahita paMnyAsa maNivijaya gaNivara granthamAlA, bhAvanagara vi.saM. 2011 64. dazavaikAlika - jinadAsa kRta cUrNi, de. la. javerI, sUrata 1933. 65. digambaratva aura digambara muni - le. kAmatAprasAda jaina,campAvatI jaina pustakamAlA ambAlA chAvanI,1932 66. dazavaikAlika - agastya siMha kRta cUrNi 67. digambara muni - le. AryikA jJAnamati, trilokazodhasaMsthAna hastinApura vI.ni.saM. 25071 68. darzanasAra - sampAdaka nAthUrAma premI, bambaI, pra.saM.vi. 1974 69. dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma - le. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jJAnapITha san 1967

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pariziSTa 315 70. dharma ke dazalakSaNa - le. DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla ToDaramalasmAraka TrasTa, jayapura 71. dhavala bhAga 1,9,8,13 - amarAvatI, prathama saMskaraNa 72. nigraMnya sampradAya aura usake prAcIna AcAra-vicAroM para aitihAsika dRSTipAta - le.paM. sukhalAla sNghvii| 73. niyamasAra - kundakunda, 74. nizItha sUtra ( zve. ) 75. nyAya vinizcaya TIkA = sampA. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya, jJAnapITha banArasa 1949-1954 I. 76. padmapurANa hindI bhASA sva.paM. daulatarAma jI, sastI granthamAlA, dharmapurA dillI san 1984 77. padmapurANa - raviSeNAcArya sampAdaka paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1959 78. padmanandi paMcavizaMti - jIvarAja granthamAlA, solApura vi.saM. 2018 79. pravacanasAra - vI.sa.sA. prasAraka TrasTa bhAvanagara prakAzana vi.saM. 2035 80. pravacanasAra - A. kundakunda, prakAzaka-zAntivIra nagara, mahAvIra jI vI.ni.saM. 2495 81. prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra (zve. ) Agamodaya samiti,bambaI 1919 82. pratikramaNa adhyayana (zve.) 83. puSpArtha siddhayupAya - AcArya amRtacandra, anu. vaidya gambhIra candra jaina, svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa sonagar3ha vI.saM. 2499 84. paramAtma prakAza - rAjacandra granthamAlA, san 1978 85. pravacanasArodAra (zve. ) (nemicandra) - siddhasena TIkA sahita, bambaI, 1922 86. padmapurANa - hindu 87. paMcAstikAya - A. kunkunda kRta 88. prAyazcitta samuccaya -le.paM.gurudAsa,prA.bhAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzanI saMsthA kalakattA 1926 89. paMcAdhyAyI - TIkAkAra - paM. devakInandana san 1932 90. prAcIna bhArata - le. pro.I. rAyasena 91. picchi kamaNDalu - le. munividyAnanda, rAjasthAna jaina sabhA jayapura san 1964 92. piNDa niyukti - bhadravAhu, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina granthamAlA, bambaI 1918 93. bodha pAhuDa - mANikacandra granthamAlA bambaI prathama saMskaraNa vi.saM. 1966 94. bambaI prAnta ke jaina smAraka - vra. zItala prasAda kRta, sUrata, 1925 95. baMgAla bihAra, ur3IsA ke jaina smAraka - va. zItala prasAda 96. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya - jinabhadra, Agamodaya saM. bambaI 1924-27

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316 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 97. bhagavatI ArAdhanA - prakAzaka cAMdamala sarAvagI cerITebila TrasTa gauhATI, (AsAma) 98. bhagavatI ArAdhanA - sampAdaka kailAza candra jI zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solApura san 1978 99. bhAvadIpikA- dIpa canda kaasliivaal| 100. bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha - le. bAbU. kAmatA prasAda jaina,di.jaina pustakAlaya sUrata, 1926 101. bhaktAmara stotra- le. mAnatuMgAcArya 102. bhagavatI sUtra ( zve. ) 103. bhagavata skandha 104. bhikSu vicAra darzana 105. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha - lekhaka kAmatA prasAda, sUrata saMskaraNa saMvat 1450 106. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina darzana kA yogadAna - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSada bhopAla san 1962 107. bhadrabAhu caritra - jaina bhAratI bhavana banArasa siTI, prathama saMskaraNa vI.ni.saM. 2436 108. bhAratIya jana kA itihAsa - sampAdaka DaoN. ramezacandra majUmadAra evaM DaoN. ananta sadAziva altekara prakA. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, 1968 109. bhAgavata purANa - jvAlAprasAda bhASya 110. bhAva saMgraha (prAkRta) - sampA. pannAlAla sonI, mANika candra di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI vi.saM. 1978 111. bhagavAna mahAvIra kA acelaka dharma - le. kailAzacanda zAstrI, bhA. di. jaina saMgha mathurA, vI.ni.saM. 2474 112. mUlAcAra - jJAnapITha prakAzana, AryikA jJAnamatI kRta anuvAda 113. bhAva saMgraha - le. vAmadeva 114. mUlAcAra - vaTTakera kRta, phalaTaNa prakAzanaH anaMtakIrti granthamAlA bambaI prakAzana 1919 115. mokSapAhuDa - prakAzaka mANika candra granthamAlA, bambaI, pra.saM. vi.saM. 1977 116. mahApurANa - jinasena-guNabhadra, saM. pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1951-54 prathama saMskaraNa 117. muni jinavijaya abhinandana grantha - prakAzaka muni jinavijaya sammAna samiti kizora nivAsa, tripoliyA bAjAra, jypur| 118. majjhimanikAya- saMpAdaka : jagadIza kAzyapa, nAlandA 1956 119. madhya prAnta jaina smAraka, vra. zItala prasAda kRta, sUrata saMskaraNa - 1926 120. mokSamArgaprakAzaka - ToDaramala smAraka prakAzana, san 1980

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pariziSTa 121. mokSamArga prakAzaka - saratI granthamAlA dehalI, dvitIya saMskaraNa 122. yogasAra amitagati - jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA, kalakattA I. san 1918 123. yoga darzana 124. yoga zAstra vRtti - A. hemacandra, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1926 125. yati kriyA maMjarI - zrI di. jaina senagaNa maMdira nAgapura san 1982 126. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra samantabhadra AcArya 127. rayaNasAra - saMpAdana valabhadra jaina, san 1979 - 128. Rgveda 129. laghusiddhAntakaumudI - pANinI kRta 130. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa 131. vRhUda jaina zabdArNava bhAga- 1- le. zrI bihArIlAlajI caitanya, bArAvaMkI, 1925 I. 132. vRhatkalpa bhASya 133. varAha mihira 134. veda purANAdi granthoM meM jaina dharma kA astitva 1930 - le. makkhana lAla jI dillI, 135. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 136. sarvArthasiddhi - bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, san 1955 137. sajjanacittavallabha - TIkA evaM sampAdana - yogazacandra jaina, jaina svAdhyAya samiti murAra 1986 138. samayasAra - kundakundAcArya, vItarAga sat sAhitya prasAraka TrasTa bhAvanagara vI. ni. 2505 139. samayasAra kalaza - amRtacandrAcArya 140. syAdvAda maMjarI - paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, pra. saM. 1991 317 - 141. sAgara dharmAmRta - AzAdhara kRta 142. sAdhu sammelana kA itihAsa - le. dulabha bhAI jauharI, prakA. mahAvIra prinTiMga presa byAvara vI. saM. 2473 143. sambodha sattara - le. AcArya haribhadra sUri 144. saMgha paTTaka-le. AcArya jinavallabha sUri 145. saMbodha prakaraNa - haribhadra sUri, jaina grantha prakAzaka sabhA, ahamadAbAda Agama prakAzana samiti byAvara, san 1981 146. sthAnAMga sUtra 147. samAdhi zataka - ipTopadeza yukta vIra sevA mandira, dehalI, pra. saM. 2021 148 samayasAra tAtparyavRtti TIkA - solApura prakAzana, 1983 149. sanyAsopanipaTa 150. sUtra kRtAMga - amarasukha bodhinI vyAkhyA, AtmajJAnapITha, masAmaNDI, paMjAba

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318 151. sUtra kRtAMge 152. saptama gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada riporTa 153. samyaka prakAza - hastalikhita di. jaina mandira mau. ji. bhiNDa meM vidyamAna 154. samAdhi tantra pUjyapAda, prakAzaka vIra sevA mandira sarasAvA 155. zvetAmbara mata samIkSA le. ajita prasAda jaina, prakA. baMzIdhara paMDita, bhavAnI peTha solApura san 1974 aMgrejI sAhitya saMketa kra. 1. 2. 3. 156. SaDkhaNDAgama 157. zramaNa mahAvIra - le. muni nathamala (zve. ) jaina vizva bhAratIya lADanUM san 1974 158. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra le. muni kalyANa vijaya ( zve. ) 1941 159. zAntinAtha purANa 4. 5. 6. 7. 1977 160. harivaMza purANa (jaina)- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 161. jJAtAdharmakathA ( zve. ) byAvara prakAzana 162. jJAnArNava rAjacandra granthamAlA, pra. saM. san 1907 8. 9. 10. 11. X X X X X - (I.H.Q) (KK) - - (N. J. ) sampAdaka madhukara muni, byAvara prakAzana, san 1982 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA (S.P.C.I.C. ) (I. A. ) (J.R.A.S.) - - asaMga kavi kRta, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solApura san pustaka kA nAma The Sacred book of the East Val XXII Religious Attitude and life in Islam. Cambridge History of India by Prof. E.J. Rapson History of Aryan Rule in India by E.B. Havell. Mysticism and Magic in Turkey- N. J. Indian Historical Quarterly, ed. Dr. N.N. Law (Calcutta ) Key of knowledge" by Mr. C.R. Jain (3rd ed. 1928 ) Survival of the Prehistoric civilisation of the Indusvally" by R.B. Ramprasad Chanda B. A. ( Calcutta 1929 ) Indian Antiquary (Bombay ) Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (London ) Nudity of the Jaina Saints" by Mr. C.R. Jain (Delhi 1931 )

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pariziSTa 319 12 (J.B.O.R.S. ) Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society, ed. K.P. Jayaswal M.A. (Patna) 13 (S.S.I.J.) Studies in South Jainism" by Prof. M.S. Ramaswami Ayyangar and Seshagiri Rao (Madras 1922 ) / 14 (s.c. ) Some constributions of South Indian Culture" by Prof. S.K. Aiyangar (1923) vibhinna patra-patrikAe~ 1. anekAnta - varSa 1, mAsika patra, saMpAdaka zrI jugala kizora mukhtAra (dillI) 2. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara - bhAga-2 kiraNa 4 saMpAdaka zrI padmarAja jaina 3. vIra vANI - saMpAdaka paM. cainasukha dAsa jaina, jypur| 4. samanvaya vANI - akhila baMsala, lAla koThI, jypur| 5. vIra - varSa 4, bhA.di.jaina pariSada kA mukhapatra, saM. kAmatA prasAda jaina 6. purAtatva - varSa 2 aMka 4, gujarAtI traimAsika patra, saM. zrI jinavijaya jI (ahamadAbAda) 7. jaina mitra - 10 vA~ varSa, bambaI prAnta di. jaina sabhA kA mukha patra sUrata 8. zramaNa - ( mAsika ) sampA. DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, bnaars| 9. jaina sandeza - saMpAdaka paM. kailAzacandra jI zAstrI, di. jaina saMgha mathurA / 10. Aja -( dainika samAcAra patra ) kAnapura sNskrnn| 11. taraNa -(mAsika) varSa 3 aMka 7, 12. jaina patha pradarzaka (pAkSika )-sampAdaka ratanacandra bhArilla, ToDaramala smAraka bhavana, jypur| 13. jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala patrikA naM. 14 14. manu TAimsa - saMpAdaka madana modI, udypur|

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA nisaMga haiM jo vAyasama nirlepa haiM AkAza se. nija Atma meM hI viharate jIvana na para kI Asa se| jinake nikaTa siMhAdi pazu bhI bhUla jAte krUratA, una divya gurUoM kI aho ! kaisI alaukika shuurtaa|| ajJAta samakita sahita AcAra hI saMsAra meM basa sAra hai, jinane kiyA AcaraNa unako namana zata-zata bAra hai| unake guNoM ke kathana se guNa grahaNa karanA cAhie, aura pApiyoM ke hAla sunakara pApa tajanA caahie|| bra. haribhAI

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manISiyoM kI dRSTi meM prastuta prakAzana muniyoM kI AcAra saMhitA isa zodhagrantha ko dekhane para aisA nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai ki dIkSArthI jaina-zramaNa yadi dIkSA ke pUrva isakA adhyayana kareM to yA to jainathramaNa kI caryA kA kAThinya dekhakara ve use binA apanI pUrI taiyArI ke dIkSA nahIM leMge aura yadi sAhasa kara sakeM to ve kabhI zithilAcArI na bneNge| prakArAntara se yaha jaina muniyoM kI eka AcAra saMhitA bana gaI hai| grantha meM deza-dezAntaroM, kAla-kAlAntaroM tathA mata-matAntaroM kI dRSTi se jaina zramaNa kA svarUpa pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka acchI upalabdhi hai| vartamAna meM jaina zramaNoM ke bhItara jo zithilAcAra AyA hai use bhI lekhaka ne nibaddha kiyA hai tathA unake nAmoM kA saMketa bhI diyA hai| merI dRSTi meM zithilAcAra ko dUra karane kA yaha upAya hai ki, jina sAdhuoM kA caritra ujjavala hai yA ve apanI galatI kA anubhava karate huye unheM dUra kara sakane kI pAtratA rakhate haiM, to unheM sammAna dekara sthira kiyA jAve aura samAja unheM mAnyatA de to zithilAcArI avazya AtmanirIkSaNa kareMge aura zithilAcAra dUra hogaa| zodha-prabaMdha ke lekhaka DaoN. yogezacandra svayaM vidvAna haiM aura eka vidvAna ke putra haiN| unhoMne bahuta zrama kara isa grantha ko sAMgopAMga nibaddha kiyaa| merI unake prati maMgalamaya kalyANa kI bhAvanA hai| jaganmohanalAla zAstrI mu. kuNDalapura ( damoha) 'eka Aloka-stambha' DaoN. yogeza jaina kA prastuta zodha-prabandha "jaina zramaNa : svarUpa evaM samIkSA" Aja ke yuga kI eka mahatI AvazyakatA hai| isa yuga meM, jaba digambara zramaNa kA svarUpa lupta-sA ho gayA hai; aura zramaNa saMsthA meM nirakuMzatA evaM svecchAcAra panapa rahe haiN| vidvAna lekhaka ne sacce digambara zramaNa kA antaraMga evaM bahiraMga svarUpa prastuta kara zrAvaka evaM munirAjoM ko pUrI taraha sajaga kara diyA hai| sAtha hI pUrvAcAryoM ke gaveSaNAtmaka uddharaNoM dvArA pustaka ko pUrI prAmANikatA va upAdeyatA pradAna kI hai| sacamuca meM, yaha kRti eka Aloka-stambha kI taraha zramaNa saMsthA ko yuga-yuga taka dizAdAna karatI rhegii| samAja ko isa anupama kRti ke upahAra ke liye vidvAna lekhaka koTizaH badhAI ke pAtra haiN| - bAbU jugala kizora "yugala" ema. e., sAhityaratna, koTA, ( rAja. )

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322 jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA yathArtha mArgadarzaka Apane isa viSaya kA ArSapraNIta jinAgamoM se kaThora abhyAsa kiyA hai| ataH AcArya praNIta Agama kA sAra-saMkSepa Apane apanI pratidhvani rUpa se pustaka dvArA prakAzita kiyA hai| isakA yadyapi saMpAdana Apake zabdoM meM hai, tathApi usakA antaraMga svarUpa, bhAvabhAsanA AcArya praNIta hone se nirdoSa hai| vartamAna meM jo Ajakala zramaNa dIkSA lete haiM, unako bhI zramaNa kA yathArtha svarUpa kyA hai, isakA mArgadarzana karane meM atyanta upayogI hai| samIkSA dRSTi se ApakA prayatna prazaMsanIya hai, tathA vartamAna yuga meM yathArtha mArgadarzana karane vAlA hai| narendra kumAra bhisIkara, zAstrI nyAyatIrtha, mahAmahimopAdhyAya, solApura ( mahA. ) munidharma kI AcAra sahiMtA prastuta samIkSya prakAzana ko munidharma kI Agama prarUpita AcAra-saMhitA kahanA adhika upayukta hogaa| isameM caraNAnuyoga kI pradhAnatA se sAMgopAMga munidharma ke vyavahAracAritra kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| zithilAcAra aura zithilAcAriyoM kI Agama sammata samIkSA kI gayI hai| zramaNAcAra kI Agamika aitihAsika evaM paurANika paramparA kA jJAna karAyA gayA hai| zithilAcAra ke poSaka saMgha bhedoM kI utpatti kA itihAsa bhI vizeSa paThanIya hai| yaha zodha-nibandha Agamika evaM AdhyAtmika zramaNacaryA kI pAvana paraMparA kA jJAna karAne meM samartha hogA - aisI AzA hai| vidvAna lekhaka ne ArSa granthoM kA AloDana karake eka Avazyaka kamI kI pUrti kI hai| unakI sAhitya sAdhanA vizeSa prazaMsanIya hai| ... - prakAzacanda "hitaiSI" "sampAdaka" - sanmati sandeza (mAsika) dillI eka yuga kRti DaoN. yogeza jaina kI isa kRti kA sAMgopAMga avalokana kiyaa| par3hane ke pazcAt yaha kahane meM saMkoca nahIM ki isa kRti ne yugAnurupa AvazyakatA kI pUrti kI hai, aura yaha eka svavaiziSTyapUrNa "yugakRti" ke rUpa meM prazaMsita hogIH yaha merA dRr3hatama vizvAsa hai| bhASA kI saralatA va usakA aTUTa pravAha tathA tArkika/dRSTAntika zailI ke atirikta viSaya kI spaSTatA, nirbhIkatA va niSpakSatA ke sAtha prastutIkaraNa atyadhika prazaMsanIya hai| isa lekhaka kI vidyArthI jIvana se jJAnArjana kI bubhukSA rahI hai, usameM nirantara vRddhi hotI rahe, aisI maMgala kAmanA hai| yaha prabandha zodhArthI va AtmArthI donoM ke lie samAna rUpa se mananIya va paThanIya hogA. aisI mujhe AzA hai| pro. mahAdeva naSkara adhyakSa - jainadarzana vibhAga, jaina saMskRta kAleja. - yapura

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 323 kaThina parizrama kI spaSTa jhalaka isa zodha-prabandha meM viSaya kA pratipAdana sapramANa aura acchA kiyA gayA hai| kaThina parizrama ke binA isa prakAra kA lekhana asambhava hotA hai - yaha eka lekhaka hI jAna pAtA hai, aura isakI spaSTa jhalaka isameM hai| isa hetu Apa badhAI ke pAtra haiN| zramaNAcAra viSayaka adhyayana ko Age bar3hAne vAloM ke prati merI AtmIyatA svAbhAvika hai / isIlie sAhityika abhiruci, jainadharma darzana ke prasAra kI tIvra bhAvanA, nirbhIkatA aura utsAha Adi ke kAraNa Apake prati mere mana meM gahana AtmIyatA ke sAtha yaha apekSA hai ki Apa sadA isI taraha jaina sAhitya ke anekoM achUte viSayoM ke lekhana / prakAzana meM lage raheM; tAki jainadharma, saMskRti, sAhitya aura darzana ke sahI mUlyAMkana kA mArga sabhI ko prazasta ho ske| punaH Apake prayAsa ke prati apanI zubhakAmanAoM sahita DaoN. phUlacanda jaina 'premI' adhyakSa - jainadarzana vibhAga, saM. saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI adhika prAsaMgika va upayogI kRti "jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA" ko par3hA, na kevala par3hA, apitu use gambhIratA pUrvaka dekhA aura vicArA bhI / nissandeha Apane jahA~ atyanta nirbhIkatApUrvaka spaSTarItyA satya ko prastuta kiyA hai, vahIM tathyoM kI prAmANikatA va viSaya ke prastutIkaraNa meM bhI ApakA pracura zrama va samarpaNa spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai| do-do bAra pUrI kRti kA AdyopAnta avalokana va adhyayana kiyA, jo ki prastutIkaraNa va viSaya kI rucikaratA kA to dyotaka hai hI, sAtha hI bAMdhakara rakhapAne kI kSamatA bhI isameM hai / vartamAna pariprekSya meM atyanta Avazyaka aura aparihArya isa zreSTha kRti kI nirmiti Apake dvArA sampanna huyI, isake lie ApakA prayAsa sphuTatayA abhinandanIya hai / kyoMki vyAdhi jaba bhayaMkaratA ko prApta ho, to upayukta auSadhi utanI adhika prAsaMgika va upayogI ho jAtI hai| sudIpa jaina zAstrI, ema. e. (saMskRta, prAkRta ) golDameDalisTa, vyAkhyAtA - jaina darzana, kendrIya vidyApITha, nayI dillI eka abhinandanIya kRti zramaNa paramparA ke asta-vyasta ho rahe Aja ke isa sandhikAla meM DaoN. yogezacandra jI jaina 'jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA' jaisA zodha-prabandha likhakara sampUrNa zramaNa- zrAvaka paramparA ke Upara bahuta hI upakAra kiyA hai| bhraSTa ho rahA sAdhu samAja nirmala hokara pahale jaise Adarza hove aura samAja ko dizAbodha kare, aise udAtta bhAva se aura dharma prema se isa kRti kI racanA kI hai| lekhaka ne apanI kalama para yogya saMyama rakhakara bhI satya ko atyanta spaSTa aura nirbhaya hokara vyakta kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA "kucha zramaNa apane mArga evaM uddezya se bhraSTa ho jAte haiM, jinako jainadharma meM avaMdanIya hI kahA hai| bhraSTa karane meM bahuta bar3A yogadAna zrAvakoM kA hai, yadi ve aise zramaNoM ko saMrakSaNa denA banda kara deM, to vaha aMkuza meM A sakatA hai|" aura sAdhucaritra ke viSaya para unhoMne atyanta karuNAbhAva se batAyA hai " caritra eka sapheda kAgaja hai| eka bAra kalaMkita ho jAne para isakA pUrvavat ujjavala honA kaThina hai|" isa taraha lekhaka apanI isa kRti ko atyanta parizrama se likhakara sabake abhinandana ke yogya hue haiN| isa prakAra kI aneka kRtiyA~ DaoN. yogeza dvArA racita hokara prakAzita hoveM, isa taraha hArdika icchA rakhatA huuN| ema.vI. pATila, belagAMva (karnATaka) 324 sarAhanIya zrama eka vihaMgAvalokana se kaha sakatA hU~ ki ApakA zrama sarAhanIya hai| zramaNa ke kriyA-kalApoM para prastuta kiyA gayA cintana municaryA ko prabhAvita kregaa| AzA hai bar3hatI huI zithilatA meM sudhAra hogaa| maiM Apake ujjvala bhaviSya kI kAmanA karatA hU~ / DaoN. kastUracanda jaina "sumana" jaina vidyA zodha-saMsthAna, mahAvIra jI (rAja.) nanu naca kI guMjAiza nahIM prastuta zodha-prabandha AdyopAnta pddh'aa| lekhaka ne jaina zramaNa ke svarUpa kI jo Agama sammata vyAkhyA/samIkSA prastuta kI hai, usameM to nanu naca kI koI guMjAiza hai hI nahIM; kintu vartamAna sandarbhoM meM bhI jo kucha likhA hai vaha bhI atyanta paThanIya evaM mananIya hai| lekhaka kI nirbhIkatA evaM sAhasa ke lie bdhaaii| ujjvala bhaviSya kI shubhkaamnaaeN| narendra kumAra jaina zAstrI, jainadarzanAcArya, ema.e. (dvaya) bI. eDa, kendrIya vidyAlaya, kharagona (ma. pra. ) kalama kI paharedArI utthApana se lekara upasaMhAra taka lekhaka ne viSaya para bahuta sajagatA se parikramA kI hai| isa parikramA ne prajJA kI garimA kA utkRSTa paricaya bhI diyA hai| bhayAvaha gahana aMdhakAra meM niSThA se paharA dete sipAhI kI taraha lekhaka ne kahIM-kahIM to ajJAnAMdhakAra va pAkhaNDa ke viruddha hAtha meM majabUtI se kalama pakar3akara viSaya para niSThApUrNa paharedArI kI hai, jo zlAghanIya va sarAhanIya hai| bhAnukumAra zAstrI, ema.e. ( darzanazAstra), lalitapura

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 325 samayAnukUla kRti vidvAna lekhaka ne zramaNa ke samagra jIvana para bahuta vaijJAnika vizleSaNa kiyA hai| zramaNoM kI aitihAsikatA, saMghabheda Adi para acchA prakAza DAlA hai| aTThAisa mUlaguNa, dravyaliMga/bhAvaliMga Adi para spaSTa vivecana huA hai| pustaka kI bhASA-zailI bahuta sundara hai| kucha sthaloM para to bahuta sAhasa kA paricaya diyaa| jisakI Aja atyadhika AvazyakatA thii| Akhira, kar3avI davA to kabhI na kabhI marIja ko denI hI pdd'egii| ataH yaha eka samayAnukUla kRti bana gayI hai| bra. kailAzacanda "acala" zAstrI, lalitapura . Aja kA ati Avazyaka/upayogI viSaya jaina zramaNa ke yathArtha svarUpa kI vivecanA, aneka pahaluoM ko sparza karate hue bar3I zodha-khoja pUrNa dRSTi se isa pustaka meM kI gaI hai| bahuta nirbhIka hokara athaka parizrama pUrvaka jo viSaya isa pustaka meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha nizcita hI paThanIya/mananIya hai| isameM DaoN. sAhaba ne jo ImAnadArI aura rucipUrvaka jaina samAja ko eka apUrva viSaya vyavasthita rUpa se diyA hai, usakI vartamAna meM atyanta AvazyakatA evaM upayogitA thI, usake lie nizcita hI ve prazaMsA ke yogya haiN| bhaviSya meM bhI vaha isI prakAra AtmakalyANa karate hue mA~ jinavANI kI sevA karate raheMge - aisI maMgala kAmanA hai| jJAnadhArA ( mAsika) saMpAdaka, mukeza tanmaya 'zAstrI' vidizA prAmANika, zramasAdhya, sAhityika zodhagrantha zramaNa saMsthA ke svarUpa evaM vikAsa ke saMbaMdha meM DaoN. yogezacandra jaina kA zodhaprabaMdha "jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA" eka prAmANika, sAdhAra, zramasAdhya, sAhityika evaM vartamAna pariprekSya meM mahatvapUrNa zodha-grantha hai| isameM na kevala zramaNa saMskRti kintu sampUrNa jainadarzana kA sAra evaM usakA AcaraNa pakSa samAhita ho gayA hai, jo mUlataH bhAvAtmaka hai| zodha-prabandha meM zramaNa-svarUpa kA antara-bAhya pakSa apane aitihAsika vikAsa ke tathyoM ko vyakta karate hue sAdhAra varNita huA hai| phira bhI usake antaraMga bhAvAtmaka vizuddha nirmala pakSa kA vistRta vivecana isakI upayogitA ko dviguNita karatA hai| isase zramaNatva meM vItarAgatA ke aMzoM kI vidyamAnatA ke antaraMga pakSa ke sAtha hI usake samaSTiparaka-prabhAva dhvanita hote haiM jo vartamAna meM gauNa ho gaye haiN| samagrarUpa se zramazIla viyana lekhaka kA zrama sArthaka huA hai jisake liye vaha badhAI kA pAtra hai| yaha grantha jaina sAhitya kI zrI vRddhi to karegA hI, nirmala citta ke

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA zramaNa-zrAvaka anAyAsa hI usase lAbhAnvita huye binA nahIM rheNge| lekhaka ne vidyamAna zramaNa saMsthA kI vikRtiyoM ko unake pariSkAra kI bhAvanA se ujAgara karane kA sAhasa kiyA hai| AzA hai, lekhaka ke prayAsa sArthaka siddha hoMge aura vItarAga dharma ko. vItarAgamArga- vItarAgatva ko punasthApita karane kA parama puruSArtha pradarzita kregaa| 326 DaoN. rAjendra kumAra baMsala kArmika prabandhaka oriyanTa pepara milsa amalAI (madhyapradeza ) tathyAtmaka vivecanA DaoN. yogeza candra jaina dvArA likhita "jaina zramaNaH svarUpa aura samIkSA ke adhyayana se jaina zramaNoM ke anto bAhya vyaktitva ko samajhane kI preraNA milatI hai, zramaNa saMskRti kA gaurava puraH sthApita hotA hai| mukti sAdhanA ke liye svAvalambana hI parama Avazyaka tatva hai| vastutaH zramaNoM kA sArA jIvana apane antobAhya vyaktitva se svAvalambana kI jItI-jAgatI misAla prastuta karatA hai| svAlambana yA svAdhInatA ke binA mukti kI kalpanA bhI nahIM ho sakatI hai ataH siddha hotA hai ki muktimArga kevala svAvalambI sAdhanA ke sahAre hI adhigata ho sakatA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM svAvalambana pUrNa sAdhanA kA mukharita rUpa hameM jaina zramaNoM ke jIvana meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| ataeva unheM muktikA saccA adhikArI athavA agragaNya mukti sAdhaka mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| DaoN. jaina ne jainazramaNa kI tathyAtmaka vivecanA prastuta kara apanI nirbhIka evaM zAstraniSTha buddhi ko ujAgara kiyA hai| etadartha ve sAdhuvAdArha haiN| DaoN. zrIgaMsa kumAra siMghaI adhyakSa - jainadarzana vibhAga, kendrIya saMskRta vidyApITha, jypur| spaSTa vivecanA "jaina zramaNaH svarUpa aura samIkSA" eka khojapUrNa kRti lekhaka kI lagana aura sAdhanA ko pramANita karatI hai| prastuta kRti meM jaina zramaNa ke dhArmika aitihAsika aura sAhityika pariprekSya meM prAmANika tathyoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tathA jaina zramaNa kA svarUpa unakI AcAra-saMhitA aura bheda-prabhedoM ko pAMca adhyAyoM meM samAveza karake apanI spaSTa vivecanA se pAThakopayogI banAyA hai| 7 DaoN. yogezacanda jaina ke isa prayAsa se zuddha AmnAya meM zramaNa paramparA kA AgamAnukUla vikAsa ho skegaa| DaoN. sanatakumAra jaina pravaktA - saMskRta zrI digambara jaina A. saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, jayapura (rAja.).

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA 327 muni bhakti kI pratIka jainadharma ke mokSamArga meM munidharma kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| munidharma kA jJAna va usako aMgIkAra kie binA mukti nahIM, yaha eka nirvivAda satya hai| parantu Aja jaina samAja kA upadravagrasta vAtAvaraNa munidharma para vicAra-vimarza ke lie apratyakSa roka lagAe hue hai, tAki kucha kalahapriya logoM kA anAcAra panapatA rhe| aise logoM kI ajJAnatA ko khulI cunautI dete hue munidharma kA sAMgopAMga va spaSTa vivecana prastuta zodha-prabaMdha meM kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti kA sampUrNa samAja meM samAdara hogA aisA vizvAsa hai| lekhaka kI munibhakti kI pratIka isa pustaka kA adhikAdhika pracAra-prasAra honA caahie| sundara va zreSTha kRti ke lie lekhaka ko koTizaH bdhaaii| ___ akhila baMsala, sampAdaka,samanvaya-vANI, jJAnavarddhana kA paryApta prameya __ "jainazramaNa : svarupa aura samIkSA" pustaka par3hIH par3hakara Ananda A gyaa| Apane yaha pustaka sundara aura maulika likhI hai; parizrama bhI bahuta kiyA hai| sAdhvAcAra para digambara aura zvetAmbara granthoM kA jagaha-jagaha tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai - yaha acchI bAta hai| jJAnavarddhana kA paryApta prameya bhI diyA hai| Aja jo sAdhuoM meM zithilAcAra/anAcAra vyApta haiM, usa para bhI nAmollekha pUrvaka prakAza DAlA hai, yaha sAhasika kadama hai| vyavahAradharma ke tatvArthasUtra meM 2 bheda kiye haiM, sAgara, anagAra (vnvaas)| Aja to yaha dUsarA bheda lupta hI ho gayA hai| usakI jagaha mahAgAra ( mahAdhipati, moTarAdi parigrahI) pracalita ho gayA hai| dUsare bheda kI prathama zarta vanavAsa thI, isa kendra/dhurI se zramaNa cyuta hone ke kAraNa AcAra bhraSTa ho gayA hai, aura bhraSTa hotA jaaegaa| ____ina vicAraNIya viSayoM para bhI likhakara yaha lekhaka badhAI kA pAtra hai| etadartha zubhakAmanAoM shit| ratanalAla kaTAriyA kekaDI bhUtapUrva sampAdaka, "jaina sandeza" eka mahAna prayAsa DaoN. yogezacandra jaina kA "jainathramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA" zodha-grantha par3hA, va par3hakara hArdika prasannatA huyii| vAstava meM isa samaya meM aise pustakoM ke prakAzana kI atyadhika

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jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki yadi munidharma ke satya svarUpa ko ujAgara nahIM kiyA gayA, dinoM meM munidharma nAma kI vastu hI nahIM raha jAyeMgI / isa prabandha kI mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM vibhinna prakaraNoM meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para apanA spaSTa nirNaya bhI diyA hai, jisase pAThaka bhramita nahIM huA hai| tathA munidharma ke sahI svarUpa kA digdarza karAte hue usakI zithilatAoM kA bhI spaSTa rUpa se bar3e sAhasa ke sAtha vivecana kiyA hai, jisase lekhaka ko khatarA bhI ho sakatA hai, lekina isakI tanika bhI paravAha kiye binA apanA kartavya nibhAyA hai| lekhaka abhI udIyamAna nakSatra hai| yadi isI prakAra kaThora parizrama va nirbhIkatA dvArA kArya karatA gayA, to eka dina sUrya banakara samAja ko prakAza degA- isameM sandeha nahIM / inakA yaha mahAna prayAsa stutya va prazaMsA ke yogya hai| 328 kucha paM. rUpacaMda jaina, sevAnivRtta pra. a. ema.e.. vI. TI. sAhityaratna, jypur| prazaMsanIya saphala prayAsa "aho ! deva-guru-dharma to sarvotkRSTa padArtha haiN|" inameM zithilatA rakhane se anya dharma kisa prakAra hogA ?" paNDita pravara ToDaramalajI ke ye vAkya bArambAra citta ko Andolita karate hue AgamAloka meM ina tInoM ke svarUpa ko hastAmalavata spaSTa batAne vAle sAhitya sRjana kI AvazyakatA kA satata bodha de rahe haiN| isa sandarbha meM "jaina zramaNa : svarUpa aura samIkSA" zodha-prabandha ke mAdhyama se bhAI zrI DaoN. yogeza jI kA yaha saphala prayAsa bhUri-bhUri prazaMsanIya hai tathA sAdhuoM kI AcAravRtti ke bodhArtha prastuta prabandha pUrNatayA sakSama hai| mukhapRSTha va antima kavarapRSTha ke dRzya bhI vItarAgI guruoM ke prati citta ko svayameva zraddhAvanata banAte haiN| sarva sukhArthI jana niSpakSa bhAva se vItarAgI zramaNoM kA svarUpa samajhane hetu isakA adhyayana kareM - AloDana kareM - isa bhAvanA se abhibhUta hotI huyI lekhaka ke vRddhiMgata ujjavala bhaviSya kI kAmanA karatI huuN| bra. kalpanA bena ema. e. e- 4, bApUnagara, jayapura

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samAdhi mahotsava