Bahubali tatha Badami Chalukya

Author(s): Nagarajaiah Hampa, Pratibha Mudaliyar
Publisher: Rashtriya Prakrit Adhyayan tatha Anusandhan Sanstha
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004380/1

Page #1
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI lAlukya mala aMgrejI lekhaka pro. ha.pa. nAgarAjayya anavAda pro. pratibhA mudaliyAra RELIEF OF BAHUBALI JAINA CAVE, BADAMI (LATE SIXTH CENTURY) | dain Education International For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #2
ROGRA bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya mUla aMgrejI lekhaka pro. haMpa. nAgarAjayya anuvAda pro. pratibhA mudaliyAra ShegaPERSPIRaita For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #3
chata, jaina gUphA, aihoLe bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya : pro. haMpa. nAgarAjayya anuvAdaka : pro. pratibhA mudaliyAra prathama AvRtti, mArca 2014 (c) : lekhaka mUlya : 250 prakAzaka rASTrIya prAkRta adhyayana tathA anusaMdhAna saMsthA zravaNabeLagoLa - 573135 jilA hAsana, karnATaka mRdraNa SREEMAN PRINTEX %23405/'H', 9th 'H' Main, Vijayanagar, Bangalore-560040. Ph: 080-23300660 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #4
HERSNEHALO Azirvacana . aMtima zrutakevali ne caMdragupta maurya tathA unake 700 logoM ke sAtha jaba I. pU. tIsarI sadI meM zravaNabeLagoLa meM kadama rakhA tabhI yaha sthAna pavitra huA aura taba se zravaNabeLagoLa jaina muni tathA sAdhviyoM aura jaina saMskRti kA pratIka banA huA hai| vibhinna purAlekhoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahanA ucita hI hogA ki zravaNabeLagALa jaina tathA bhAratIya itihAsa kA vizAla bhaMDAra hai| cAmuMDa rAyaM (I.sa. 981) dvArA doDDa beTTA (jise viMdhyagirI bhI kahA jAtA hai) ke zikhara para gomaTa kI 58.8 phUTa laMbI vizAlakAya pratimA kI sthApanA kI gaI jisase karnATaka meM eka svarNima adhyAya hI jaise khula gyaa| chaThI sadi ke aMtima do DhAI dazakoM meM dakSiNa meM bAhubali kI zilpakalA tathA kalA kA prAraMbha karanevAloM meM bAdAmI ke cAlukya . prathama the| usI prakAra AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, kuSmAMDinIdevi, jvAlAmAlini devi, padmAvatidevi, dharaNendra tathA zyAma Adi ke zilpoM kA paricaya karAnevAle prathama zAsaka ve hI the| usI ke sAtha sAtha gaMga, rASTrakuTa, hoyasaLa tathA vijayanagara ke zAsaka bhI jina tathA anya devatAoM kI pratimAoM kA nirmANa karane ke lie prerita hue| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #5
vi | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya hamAre sujhAva para haMpanA jI ne kaI aitihAsika tathA sAhityika mahatva kI pustakeM likhiiN| vartamAna pustaka zilAlekhoM tathA kSetrakArya para AdhArita eka anusaMdhanAtmaka pustaka hai| jaina pratimAoM para vizeSa jora dete hue bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya kA itihAsa likhakara, eka lekhaka, itihAsakAra tathA anusaMdhAtA ke rUpa meM unhoMne vidvAnoM kI AkAzagaMgA meM apanA eka dRDha sthAna kAyama kiyA hai| isI ke sAtha yaha pustaka karnATaka ke vibhinna bhAgoM para apanA zAsana karane vAle isa sAmrAjya meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa evaM vistAra kA sarvekSaNa prastuta karatI hai| sAmrAjya meM prAcIna avazeSa pracura mAtrA meM phaile the jo ki bhArata ke sAMskRtika itihAsa ke nirmANa meM anivArya hai| aihoLe ko jaina kalA kA 800 varSa kA aThUTa itihAsa hai| hamAre sujhAva para pro. haMpa. nAgarAjjaya jI ne aitihAsika tathA sAhitya ke mahatva kI kaI pustakeM likhI haiN| ukta pustaka lekhaka dvArA kie gae anusaMdhAna tathA kSetra kArya kI apratima pustaka haiN| pro. pratibhA mudaliyAra, maisUra vizvavidyAlaya, mAnasagaMgotrI, maisUra, ne ukta pustaka kA atyaMta suMdara anuvAda kiyA hai| yaha pustaka unakI mehanata, lagana, zraddhA aura prema kA hI phala hai| merI zubhakAmanAe~ satata unake sAtha haiM aura merA AzivArda hamezA unapara banA rhegaa| maiM pro. haMpa. nAgarAjaya jI ko badhAI detA hU~ tathA AzA karatA hU~ ki pAThaka ukta pustaka kA prasannatA se svAgata kreNge| svasti zrI karmayogI zrI cArukIrti bhaTTAraka paTTAcArya svAmIjI zrI kSetra zravaNabeLagoLa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #6
prastAvanA bAdAmI upanAma vAtApI cAlukyoM ke adhyayana para kAphI sArA anusaMdhAna ho rahA hai aura aba taka starIya tathA vipula adhyayana bhI kiyA gayA hai| tathApi, ina sAre adhyayanoM meM bAdAmI cAlukyoM ke saMdarbha meM vizeSataH jainadharma kA sthAna bhale hI upekSita nA kiyA gayA ho kiMtu yaha adhyayana adhUrA, aspaSTa rahA hai| usapara samIcIna rUpa se vicAra nahIM ho pAyA hai| abataka, jainadharma meM cAlukyoM ke yogadAna para vizeSa dhyAna keMdrita nahIM kiyA gyaa| vyavasthita adhyayana ke abhAva kA kAraNa paryApta sAmagrI kI kamI nahIM hai apitu zilAlekhiya, zilpagata tathA sAhityika pramANa pracUra mAtrA meM upalabdha haiN| vAstava meM jaina zilpakalA tathA saMskRti ke kucha ghaTaka inhIM pUrvI cAlukyoM ke nAbhI keMdra meM sthira hue haiM jisane kalA kI prAmANikatA kI muhara tathA nigraMtho ke paMtha ko vahana kara use zAnadAra tathA tejI se saMvardhita ghanibhUta kiyA hai| zAhI cAlukyoM ko sAmrAjya ke sAtha nigraMtho ke sthAna ko adyatana banAnA tathA cAlukyoM ke itihAsa meM jainadharma ko ucita sthAna 445433 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #7
vili | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya tathA pariprekSya denA abhISTa thaa| prastuta pustaka jainadharma ke samayocita avadhi kA prAmANika samIkSAtmaka itihAsa prastuta karane kA prayAsa hai| __ prastuta pustaka purAlekhiya strotoM, zilpakalAgata sAkSoM tathA vizada kSetra-kArya tathA sAhityika paraMparAoM para AdhArita hai jo ina prAthamika pariprekSyoM para keMdrita hai tathA pahale kI kamI ko pUrA karatI hai| isa prakriyA meM abataka upekSita sUcanAoM, rAjanItika tathA sAMskRtika ajJAta strotoM ko prakAza meM lAyA gayA hai| ukta pustaka tatkAlIna kalA, zilpakalA, purAtatva, zilpa saMracanA, dhArmika vicAra tathA sAmAjika rAjanItika tathA Arthika itihAsa ke irda girda hI ghUmatI hai| hAlAMki maiMne kucha prAthamika pustakeM likhakara spaSTarUpa se paribhASita tathA suniyojita yojanA dvArA vibhinna zAhI sAmrAjyoM ke saMdarbha meM upalabdha samakAlIna jaina rikArDoM ko vargIkRta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| abataka isa dhArA meM mere pahale ke graMtha jaise pUrvI gaMga, paravartI gaMga, rASTrakUTa tathA bolate hue vikramAditya (SaSTha) Adi pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| ukta pustaka jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, vAtApI ke zAhI cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla meM jainadharma kA sthAna nirdhArita karanevAlI itihAsa kI pustaka hai| merI yaha pustaka itihAsakAra tathA maMdira zilpakalA vizeSajJa donoM ke lie anupUraka ho sakatI hai kiMtu pahale ke vidvAnoM meM apanI pahacAna nahIM banA sktii| isa pustaka meM jo sAmagrI maiMne joDI hai tathA jinakA vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai vaha pahalI bAra hI hai| jainadharma (usake udbhava tathA karnATaka meM usake praveza taka) bhAratIya samAja ko nirmANa karanevAlI pramukha zaktiyoM meM se eka hai| itanA hI nahIM bhAratIya samAja kA koI bhI aisA kSetra nahIM jo jainadharma se prabhAvita nahIM huA ho| mUrtikalA, kalA, zilpakalA, darzana, sAhitya tathA saMskRti Adi meM jaina paraMparA pracura tathA vibhinnatA lie hue haiN| cAlukya jainadharma ke prati kitane utsAhita the isakA pramANa hai unake utkIrNita lekha tathA vartamAna bhavya divya smArakA rAjya ne jainadharma ko kitanI udAratA pradAna kI isakI gavAha hai merI prakAzita pustkeN| ataH isa pustaka kA pramukha uddezya nigraMtha paMtha kA lakSaNa, unakA sthAna, unakI utpatti tathA itihAsa lekhakoM kA rikArDa denA rahA hai jo isa yuga meM pracalita thaa| isake mahatvapUrNa strota hai tatkAlIna purAlekha, vAstuzilpoM ke avazeSa tathA saMpoSaka sAhityA isameM aisA koI prayAsa nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki dharmoM ke madhya nyAya kiyA jAya, balki mukhya uddezya tathyoM kI prastuti hai na ki bhs| ataH For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #8
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | ix jainadharma yA vAstuzilpa ke vivaraNa ko pAribhASika zabdoM se bojhila na banAkara maiMne jainadharma tathA cAlukya, jo eka dUsare ke samAMtara calate haiM aura eka dUsare ke pUraka haiM, kA itihAsa citrita kiyA hai| bahuta sArI nayI tathA tAz2A jAnakArI isa jaina tathA rAjanItika itihAsa kI pustaka meM joDI gayI hai| vizvAsa rakheM ki yaha saMkSipta prastAvanA aitihAsika kArya ke keMdra ko hI rekhAMkita karatI hai| ___ mahAmahima karmayogI svasti zrI cArukIrti bhaTTAraka pAcArya svAmI jI lekhaka, eka vidvAna saMta tathA dharmavaidhAnika sAhitya meM siddhahasta zravaNabeLagoLa Azrama ke zraddheya bhaTTAraka haiN| vidvAna bhaTTAraka kalA, sAhitya, zilpakalA tathA saMskRti ke saMrakSaka haiN| pUjya bhaTTAraka jI ne isase pahale bhI merI anusaMdhAnAtmaka pustakeM chApI haiN| isa pustaka kA mahatva samajhakara unhoMne ise chApane meM khuzI se sahamati dI tathA isake prakAzana ke guNavattA para bhI vizeSa jora diyaa| kaI samitiyoM tathA Azrama ke kAmoM meM vyasta hone ke bAvajUda unhoMne ukta pustaka gaharAI se par3hI tathA pustaka ke lie Azirvacana svarUpa mujhe AziSa diyaa| ataH maiM paramapUjya svasti zrI cArukIrti bhaTTAraka jI ke prati apanI gahana zraddhA, bhakti tathA Adara jJApita karane meM harSa kA anubhava kara rahA huuN| - paramapUjya siddhAnta cakravartI zvetapiccAcArya zrI vidyAnaMda munirAja jI ko apanI pustaka samarpita karane meM mujhe dhanyatA kI anubhUti ho rahI hai| zimogA meM 196263 meM maiM pahalI bAra unase milA vaha smRti Aja bhI mere manaHpaTala para ujjvala * tathA tAjI hai| hama donoM hombuja maTha se juDe vardhamAna vidyArthI nilayama meM kucha samaya sAtha rahyA karate the| pUjyazrI apanI dIkSA le rahe the aura maiM eka kaoNleja meM pravaktA thaa| hama donoM rojaM milate aura donoM samAna ruci ke viSaya para carcA karate the aura phira zAma ke samaya gaMbhIra viSayoM para carcA karate hue paidala ghUmane nikala jAyA karate the| svAmI jI yuvA, suMdara tathA utsAha se bhare the| unakA jJAna itanA vistRta thA ki bhASA, saMskRti tathA dharma Adi ko samA letA thaa| zimogA ke kulIna tathA ucca loga mujhe puchA karate the ki, 'svAmI vivekAnaMda kI taraha dikhanevAle ye tejasvI svAmI kauna hai?' isa prakAra zimogA meM unakA ThaharAva choTA sA hI sahI para zimogA zahara ke sAMskRtika lokAcAra para apanI chApa choDa gayA tathA mujhe gaMbhIra viSayoM para anusaMdhAna karane ke lie prerita kara gyaa| pUjyazrI se belagA~va, zravaNabeLagoLa, dharmasthaLa tathA naI dillI meM milane kA mujhe punaH avasara milaa| suvikhyAta pro. padmanAbha jainI tathA kriSTi ena. vili jI ke sAtha unase milane kI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #9
x | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya smRti Aja bhI mujhe AnaMdita kara detI hai| 2012 meM pUjya vidyAnaMda jI mahArAja kA 50 vA~ muni dIkSA samaroha aura unase milane kA 50 vA~ varSa honA mere lie eka durlabha saMyoga hI thaa| sAtha hI punaH yaha eka sukhada Azcarya thA ki zvetAcArya munimahArAja ne mujhe 29-07-2012 meM 'cAritra cakravartI prazasti' tathA 'eka lAkha rupae ke nakada puraskAra se nvaajaa| merI prArthanA hai ki munimahArAja merI yaha pustaka merI unake prati gahana zraddhA tathA Adara samajha kara svIkAre aura mujhe AzirvAda viduSI mitra pro. bI. vAya. lalitAmbA jI, jinase maiM gata pacAsa varSa se paricita hU~ merI pustakoM kA hiMdI anuvAda karAne meM merI sahAyatA karatI A rahI haiN| viduSI mitra pro. pratibhA mudaliyAra, maisUra vizvavidyAlaya, maisUra ne merI isa pustaka kA aMgrejI se hiMdI meM anuvAda kiyA hai| ukta pustaka kA anuvAda maulika banAne ke lie unhoMne kAphI prayatna kiye haiN| vAstava meM apanI vyastatA ke bAvajUda unhoMne ukta pustaka ke anuvAda kI vibhinna samasyAoM para mere sAtha vicAra vimarza kiyA hai aura isa pustaka ke anuvAda meM apanI vizeSa ruci, utsukatA aura vidvattA dikhAI ___ DaoN. joDaTTI jI, avakAza prApta hiMdI zikSaka, ne ukta pustaka kA avalokana jainadharma ke pariprekSya meM kiyA hai| unhoMne parama pUjya karmayogI svasti zrI cArukIrti bhaTTAraka jI ke sujhAvoM tathA mArgadarzana kA anupAlana kiyA hai| isake lie unhoMne belagA~va se zravaNabeLagoLa tathA maisUra kI bAra bAra yAtrA kI haiN| zrI prakAza, zrImAna prITeksa, vijayanagara, beMgalUra tathA unake saMkAya ne isa pustaka ko suMdaratA se chApane meM apanA vizeSa sahayoga diyA hai| ___ aMta meM, maiM uparyukta sabhI vyaktiyoM ke prati apanI kRtajJatA vyakta karatA hU~ tathA hradaya se apane AbhAra prakaTa karatA huuN| dhanyavAda pro. haMpa. nAgarAjjaya (haMpanA) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #10
A apanI bAta lagabhaga do varSa pahale pro. lalitAmbA jI kA phona AyA thaa| unhoMne kahA thA ki AdaraNIya pro. nAgarAjayya (haMpanA) jI cAhate haiM ki maiM unakI aMgrejI pustaka "Bahubali and Badami Chalukyas" kA hiMdI anuvAda kI nizcita hI mere lie yaha abhimAna kI bAta thI ki karnATaka ke eka prakhyAta lekhaka cAhate haiM ki maiM unakI pustaka kA anuvAda karUA~ kiMtu maiMne abataka kevala sAhitya kI pustakoM kA anuvAda kiyA thaa| isalie hA~ kahane meM mujhe hicakicAhaTa ho rahI thii| maiMne apanI bAta pro. nAgarAjayya (haMpanA) jI se khii| para unhoMne yahI kahA ki isa pustaka meM itihAsa, sAhitya tathA bhASA vijJAna sabakA samAveza hai| phira bhI maiMne cAhA ki pahale pustaka dekhU aura haMpanA jI ne apanI putrI ke hAthoM pustaka bheja dI aura maiMne pustaka ke kucha panne par3ha DAle aura kucha pannoM kA anuvAda bhI kiyaa| maiM svayaM anuvAda karate samaya khuza ho rahI thii| prAraMbha ke do adhyAyoM kA anuvAda kara haMpanA jI ko bheja diyaa| unako anuvAda bahuta acchA lgaa| ukta pustaka kA anuvAda karate samaya kaThinAiyA~ to AyIM para usakA nivAraNa bhI huaa| kaI bAra haMpanA jI se phona para bAta kara yA phira kabhI unase milakara maiMne apanI kaThinAIyA~ batAIM unhoMne unakA nivAraNa bhI kiyaa| itanA hI nahIM aMtima caraNa meM to ve mere ghara Ae aura hamane silasilevAra anuvAda ko dekhA aura use aMtima Jain Eduain International For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #11
xii | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya rUpa diyaa| isa Ayu meM bhI unhoMne dina meM lagAtAra cAra cAra ghaMTe baiThakara merI zaMkAoM kA nirasana kiyA aura aMtataH yaha kArya pUrNa huaa| __ jaina dharma tathA cAlukya sAmrAjya para AdhArita ukta pustaka karnATaka ke itihAsa meM apanA eka mahatvapUrNa adhyAya joDatI hai| cAlukyoM ne chaThI sadI se lekara AThavIM sadI ke madhya taka bAdAmI meM rahakara zAsana kiyA aura pUre dakSiNa meM eka vizAla sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kI, jabaki bAhubali kA karnATaka ke itihAsa meM advitIya sthAna hai| vizeSa anupAta meM banI bAhubali kI pratimAeM kevala yahIM milatI hai| bAhabali kA kevala dhArmika mahatva hI nahIM hai balki sAhityika mahatva bhI hai| do mahAna kaviyoM ke mahAkAvyoM ke ve carita nAyaka the| pahalA saMskRta kavi jinasenAcArya likhita pUrvapurANa to dUsarA kannaDa bhASA ke darabArI kavi paMpa likhita aadipuraann| vAstava meM bAhubali karnATaka meM gommaTa ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM, jo ki diMgabara jaina dharma meM vizeSa lokapriya the| isI para AdhArita bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya isa pustaka meM nAgarAjayya (haMpanA) jI ne bAhubali ke prAcIna upalabdha zilpa, jaina zilpakalA tathA karnATaka ke zAhI zAsaka bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM kA itihAsa darja kiyA hai| ____ maiM haMpanA jI ke prati AbhAra vyakta karanA cAhU~gI ki unhoMne vizvAsa ke sAtha mere hAtha meM apanI pustaka sauNpii| sara, AbhArI huuN| __ ukta pustaka ke anuvAda kI preraNAstrota pro. lalitAmbA ke prati bhI maiM AbhArI hU~ jinake kAraNa maiM haMpanA jI se sRjanAtmaka stara para juDa pAyI huuN| . eka anya mahatvapUrNa vyakti jinake prati AbhAra vyakti karanA cAhU~gI ve haiM belagA~va ke zrI joDaTTI jinhoMne pAMDulipi ko sUkSmatA ke sAtha paDhA hai aura Avazyaka jagahoM para sudhAra kie haiM jisase isa pustaka ko eka paripUrNatA prApta huI hai| sara, maiM Apake prati apane AbhArI huuN| mUla aMgrejI meM likhI isa pustaka kA hiMdI anuvAda sudhI pAThakoM ke samakSa rakhane meM prasannatA ho rahI hai| iti nmskaaraante| DaoN. pratibhA mudaliyAra prophesara, hiMdI adhyayana vibhAga, maisUra vizvavidyAlaya, mAnasagaMgotrI maisUra-6 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #12
pariviDi prathama adhyAya sAmrAjya yuga kA udaya dvitIya adhyAya AraMbha ke zAsaka tRtIya adhyAya naMtara ke zAsaka adhyAya cAra sAmaMtazAhI adhyAya pAnca varNamaya jaina saMgha adhyAya - chaH jaina zilpakalA adhyAya sApta jaina-zilpakalA bhAga-A adhyAya ATha zilA nirmita jinamaMdira adhyAya nau sAhitya adhyAya dasa upasaMhAra 133 161 176 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #13
SASURE httDERDERMANAND ganesalesed pro. nAgarAjayya haMpanA paricaya karnATaka ke pramukha sAhityakAra pro. nAgarAjayyA haMpA jI ne kannaDa tathA aMgrejI meM 80 se bhI adhika pustakeM likhI haiN| ve gata pA~ca dazakoM se lekhana karma meM rata haiN| apane lekhana meM unhoMne vibhinna viSayoM tathA anusaMdhAna kA samAveza kiyA hai| unakI kucha pustakoM kA aMgrejI, hiMdI, marAThI, tamila, telagu, malayAlama, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI tathA oriyA Adi bhASAoM meM anuvAda huA hai| unhoMne 37 varSa se bhI adhika snAtaka tathA snAtakottara vibhAgoM meM adhyApana kA kArya kiyA hai| unhoMne kannaDa sAhitya pariSada, karnATaka kI mahatvapUrNa saMsthA ke ATha varSa taka saciva tathA ATha varSa adhyakSa ke rUpa meM kArya kiyA hai| unako rASTrIya tathA aMtarASTrIya puraskAroM se sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| sthAnIya sAhityakAroM ne milakara pA~ca abhinaMdana grathoM se unako sammAnita kiyA hai| karnATaka meM unakA saMbodhana "nADoja haMpanA" isa rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai| kAraNa unako karnATaka ke atyaMta prasiddha puraskAra "Jewel of Jain World" aura "nADoja puraskAra" se sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| pro. nAgarAjayya haMpanA ne rASTrIya tathA aMtararASTrIya kAMgresa, sAMgoSThiyoM meM apane anusaMdhAnAtmaka Alekha prastuta kie haiN| sAtha hI vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM dvArA Ayojita vArSika tathA saMsthApana dina vyAkhyAna mAlA meM vyAkhyAna bhI die haiN| vizeSakara jainadharma-adhyayana meM unakA yogadAna atyaMta mahatvapUrNa tathA lAbhadAyaka hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #14
samarpaNa muni dIkSA ke svarNa jayaMti samAroha ke upalakSya meM paramapUjya AcArya zrI zrI vidyAnaMda muni mahArAja jI ke pavitra caraNoM meM sAdara samarpita For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #15
svasti zrI karmayogI zrI cArukIrti bhaTTAraka paTTAcArya svAmIjI zrI kSetra zravaNabeLagoLa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #16
paricaya pratibhA mudaliyAra janma tithi - 8-12-1959 . arhatA- ema.e., pIeca.DI, DI,liTa., DiplomA ina TrAsnalezana puraskAra- rASTrIya puraskAra, naI dillI (nAca rI ghumA? marAThI se hiMdI meM anUdita AtmakathA), sArasvata sammAna, IlAhAbAda, hiMdI mArtaMDa, IlAhAbAda, vIrAMganA sAvitribAI phUle sammAna, dillI. ... prakAzita pustakeM nAca rI ghumA (marAThI AtmakathA kA anuvAda), nareza mehatA ke kAvya kA anuzIlana (samIkSA), nadI saMge vAhatAnA (kannaDa kavitAoM kA marAThI anuvAda), kSaNa have nako te (hiMdI upanyAsa kA marAThI anuvAda), khaMDa khaMDa agni (hiMdI khaMDakAvya kA marAThI anuvAda), lekha aura Alekha (samIkSA), hAzie para (svaracita kavitA saMgraha), hiMdI vArtAlApa (videzI chAtroM ke lie vyAvahArika hiMdI para pustaka), hiMdI patrakAritA, apAra sAI kI apUrva gAthA (sAI bAbA para AdhArita marAThI upanyAsa kA hiMdI anuvAda--- .yaMtrastha), saMpAdita- kavitA taraMga, sAhitya sopAna, kavitA-kahAnI kalaza kaI rASTrIya tathA aMtarrASTrIya saMgoSThiyoM meM bhASaNa tathA Alekha prastuti hAMkuka yunivarsiTI oNpha phorena sTaDija, sAutha koriyA meM varSa 2005 se 2008 taka atithi prophesara ke rUpa meM kAryarata saMprati- prophesara, hiMdI adhyayana vibhAga, maisUra vizvavidyAlaya, ___ mAnasagaMgotri maisUra. in Education International For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #17
TRA RANA RRENESS 1. bAdAmI meM sthita prAcIna kile kA paridRzya 2. bAdAmI ke vizAla khAI meM sthita prAcIna agastya. tIrtha Adhunika bAdAmI zahara kA dRzya 4. pahADI ke pIche se maMdiroM kA dRzya, bAdAmI . 5. chaThI sadI kI eka mahatvapUrNa jaina guphA (guphA laLa) sAmAnya dRzya, bAdAmI 6. bAdAmI kI vithikA (guphA IV) meM sthita chaThI sadI kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM dhAnastha arhata pArzva kA vidyamAna zilpa 7. kAyotsarga mudrA meM baiThe bAhubalI kA prAcIna vidyamAna zilpa, vithikA (guphA IV), chaThI sadI, bAdAmI 8. dvAra kA nIcalA bhAga, dehalIja, kaTagharA, caMdrazilA (azvapAda), chaThI sadI kA uttarArdha, (guphA IV), bAdAmI. 9. jaina pArzva kA karIbI dRzya, vithikA (guphA IV), bAdAmI, 10. bAhubalI kA karIbI dRzya, vithikA (guphA IV), bAdAmI, 11. parikaroM sameta anya viviraNa ke sAtha dhyAnastha bAhubalI kA pUrNa dRzya / 12. garbhagRha meM pratiSThApita padmAsana me Asanastha jina, jaina guphA, aihoLe. 13. jaina guphA, kA bAharI dRzya, jise mIma basadI bhI kahA jAtA hai, chaThI sadI kA utarArdha, aihoLe. 14. apsarAoM ke sAtha kAyotsarga mudrA meM Asnastha bAhubalI,jaina guphA, chaThI sadI kA utarArdha, aihoLe. ' 15. pA~ca phanoMvAle chatra sameta bAhubalI, bagala meM padmAvatI jisane Thatra pakaDA hai, aura dharaNa usake pArzva meM khaDA hai| aura bAyIM ora aMjalihasta uThAye For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #18
glAnI se baiThA kamaTha, vithikA jaina guphA, aihoLe (bAbubalI tathA arhata pArzva donoM ke zilpa bAdAmI se eka yA do dazaka pUrva ke haiN| 16. dvAra zAkhA tathA uttarAMga, mukhya garbhagRha kA dRzya, jaina guphA, chaThI sadI kA aMtima dazaka. mithuna, chata, jaina guphA, aihoLe 18. maMDapa kI jamIna tathA chata ke madhya meM banI apratima kalAkArI, jaina guphA, aihoLe 19. (jina ke ziza para) eka vizAla adhomukhI kamala kI kali sameta chatra traya tathA bAyIM ora mukuTa yukta yakSa, bAdAmI. 20. Asansatha jina ke dAyIM ora cAmradhArI yakSa,jisane eka bhArI cAmara dhAraNa kiyA hai, aihoLe. 21. garbhagRha meM sthita ekaadvitIya jina phalaka tathA zAsanadevatA dharaNendra kA prAcIna vidyamAna zilpa jisake sira para eka suMdara pA~ca phanoMvAlA chatra hai, chaThI sadI, jaina guphA, aihoLe. 22. dvArapAla, jaina guphA, aihoLe 23. siMhAkRti, zilpagata staMbha kalA, aihoLe 24. mithuna, jaina guphA, aihoLe. 25. staMbha kA vistArapUrNa vivaraNa, jaina guphA, AIDole parikara kA khaMDita zilpa, aihoLe, myujiyama. 27. ucita anupAtayukta, kamala meM Asansatha jina kA dhdd| kaMdhe para bane TresaMsa yaha pratimA RSabha (AdinAtha) kI hone ka saMketa detI hai| aihoLe, myujiyama. jina pratimA kI eka anya bhagna pratimA, Ahole myujiyama 29. aura eka jina kI vikRta pratimA, aihoLe myujiyama. 30. . aihoLe jinendrabhavana, meguDI ke parisara meM sthita eka prAcIna vidyamAna svataMtra niSidhi. 31. bhagna jina jisakI chAti para zrIvasta kA cihna hai, bhAlki, (bIdara, jilA) 32. zrIvAha yakSa kA dhdd'| saMbhavataH sabase prAcIna kiMta vidyamAna zilpa, 7 vIM sadI,gadhi kezavAra, (gulabargA jilA) 33. prAcIna vidyamAna padmAvatIdevI kA zilpa, chaThI sadI, guMDApura, bnvaasii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #19
35. 34. aMbikA apane vaiziSTapurNa dhammillA ke sAtha, alaMkRta laToM tathA kezoM ke sAtha, bhAlki. tIrthaMkara kI advitIya pratimA jisakA hAla meM puligere meM patA lagAyA gayA hai| aura aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki yaha AnesejjayA basadI kI mulanAyaka kI pratimA hai jise 8 vIM sadI meM rAjakumArI kumakuma dvArA banavAyA gayA thaa| 36. prAcIna vidyamAna svataMtra pArzvanAtha pA~ca phanoM vAle chatra kI pratimA, 8 vIM sadI, mallasamudra, (gadaga jilA) 37. hAla hI meM khojI gaI jina kI pratimA, puligere, gadaga myujiyama. . 38. punarnimita lajaina maMdira,puligere, (lakSmezvara) 39. apanI prabhUtA se yukta aMbikA, hombuja (zimogA- jilA) .. 40. jina pArzva kI prAtimA, sAtavIM sadI kA uttarArdha tathA 8 vIM sadI kA pUrvArdha, . gadhi kezavAra (gulabargA- jilA) . . 41. pArzva, padmAvatI, dharaNendra tathA kamaTha,kalagumalAi, (tamilanADu) 8 vIM sadI (saujanya-zivarAmamurthi, jaina kalA ka citramAlA) 42. RSabha kI advitIya pratimA (AdinAtha) chaThI sadI ke aMtima do dazaka, guMDApura, bnvaasii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #20
For Personal & Private Use Only WS

Page #21
Pas personal & Private Use Only

Page #22
Vain Education international For personal & Private Use One

Page #23
For Personal & Private Use Only www.jantelbrary.org

Page #24

Page #25
10 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #26
12 VA 13 For Personal & Private Use Only www.jalnelitiallyorg

Page #27
15 For Personal & Private Use Only www.janeitaly.co

Page #28

Page #29
18 19 For Personal & Private Use Only W alnelibrary.org

Page #30
20 21 For Personal & Private Use Only www.

Page #31
23 For Personal & Private Use Only www.jalne banyo

Page #32
24 25 For Personal & Private Use Only WWW

Page #33
26 27 For Personal & Private Use Only wwwaineloral yang

Page #34
28 29 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #35
31 For Personal & Private Use Only Ww.jalne banoro

Page #36
33 For Personal & Private Use Only VE

Page #37
35 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #38
36 For Personal & Private Use Only www.Bienv.org

Page #39
37 www.jainelibrary org For Personal & Private Use om

Page #40
38 21 Jain Educ39n International For Personal & Private Use Only www.alibrary

Page #41
40 date Tot personal & Private Bay www.jainelibra.org

Page #42
41 LES 42 Jain Education interational For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #43
43 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #44
prathama adhyAya sAmrAjya yuga kA udaya chaThI sadI ke madhya se lagabhaga do sau varSoM se bhI adhika kAlAvadhi ke daurAna, dakSiNa kA itihAsa vAstava meM vAtApI ke cAlukya, kAMci ke pallava tathA madura ke pAMDayoM kI sattAzaktiyoM ke DAvAMDola hote rAjavaMzo kI saMgharSa gAthA hI hai| dakSiNa bhArata ke tIna prabhUsattA saMpanna rAjyoM meM pramukha rUpa se cAlukyoM kI sattA, mahAna sattA ke rUpa meM udita huii| bAdAmI ke pramukha gharAnoM ke alAvA cAlukyoM ne anya do bhinna zAkhAoM kI khoja kii| eka zAkhA thI lATa ke cAlukyoM ko kI to dUsarI zAkhA thI veMgI cAlukya arthAta pUrvI caaluky| kadaMboM ke yuga (345-540) ke aMta ke sAtha-sAtha eka aura mahAna rAjavaMza ke bIja paDe jisase eka nae yuga ke udaya kA mArga prazasta huaa| bAdAmI tathA vAtApI ke cAlukyoM ne (540-750) avasaroM kA khAtmA kara apane khuda ke yuga kA zubhAraMbha kiyA, jisase dakSiNa ke dhArmika-rAjanItika tathA sAmAjika sAMskRtika saMskAroM kI AtmA kA svarUpa hI badala gyaa| rAjanItika paristhitiyA~ isakI gavAha detI haiM ki kisaprakAra AtmatuSTa vaiyaktikatA ke pratispardhAtmaka Adhipatya meM parivartana hokara usakA kAyApalaTa huA thaa| udIyamAna For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #45
2 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya mahAna cAlukyoM ne, jinakA pUrva tathA pazcima para pahale se hI prabhUtva thA, aura jinheM niSThAvAna sevakoM kA sAtha thA, rAtoMrAta rAjanItika-sAmAjika paristhitiyoM kA punargaThana kiyaa| dakSiNa ke svarga kI meharAba para eka nayA dhruvatArA udita ho rahA thA, jisane dakSiNa bhArata ke rAjanItika nakze kA nava-nirmANa kiyaa| kadaMboM ke uttarAdhikArI cAlukya hI dakSiNa ke sAMskRtika tathA rAjanItika paristhitiyoM kI kAyApalaTa ke uttarAdhikArI the| dakSiNa pazcima bAdAmI para kadaMba zAsana kara rahe the, jo ki bAda meM cAlukyoM kA keMdra sthAna bnaa| chaThI sadI ke madhya banavAsI ke kadaMboM se rAjya chInakara bAdAmI ke cAlukya parama rAjasI rAjavaMza ke rUpa meM udita hue| unhoMne bar3I saphalatA se uttara meM narmadA tathA dakSiNa meM kAverI nadI ke madhya AnevAle vizAla bhU-bhAga para apanA zAsana jmaayaa| AMdhra-pradeza ke anaMtapura, guMTUra, karnUla, tathA velUra jile tathA pazcima ke arabI samudra kA khADI pradeza cAlukyoM kA bhaugolika sImA kSetra thaa| aihoLe, bAdAmI, kisUvoLala (paTTadakala) tathA puligere (lakSmezvara) unakA keMdrasthAna thaa| varAha cAlukyoM kA rAja-cihna thaa| ullekhanIya hai ki jaina paraMparA ke terahaveM tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha kA rAja-cihna bhI varAha thA, to caudahaveM tIrthaMkara anaMtanAtha kA bhAlU (sehI) thaa| isa rAjavaMza ke pUrvajoM meM rAjasiMha parivAra ke prathama janaka the| jinakA saMbaMdha * rASTrakUToM ke rAjA kRSNa ke putra iMdra se thaa| vidvAnoM ne rASTrakUToM ke udgama sthala kA bhI patA lagAyA hai aura vaha hai, mahArASTra ke usmAnAbAda jile meM sthita lAtUra shhr| lAtUra kI vyutpatti raTanura arthAta raTToM ke zahara, se mAnI jAtI hai| rASTrakUToM kA lAtUra se saMbaMdha kI jAnakArI usa samaya meM upalabdha zilAlekhoM se prApta hotI hai| mAnapura rASTrakUTa prAcIna parivAra hai jo apanI rAjadhAnI mAnapura (mahArASTra-satArA) se zAsana kiyA karate the| mAnapura yaha nAma bhI ukta rAjavaMza ke saMvardhaka mAnAMka ke nAma para hI diyA gayA hai| dakSiNa mahArASTra ke kolhApura, pUNe, sAtArA, solApura aura uttara karnATaka kA vijApura jilA Adi unake adhIna the| unhoMne cauthI se chaThI sadI taka zAsana kiyaa| mAnapura rASTrakUToM kA patana hI cAlukyoM ke udaya kA kAraNa bnaa| mAnapura ke rAjA abhimanyu (470-90) ke mAtahata jayasiMha ne kRSNa (490-510) ke putra iMdra (510-30) ko parAjita kiyA aura mAnapura ke rASTrakUToM se unakI sattA chIna lii| deja mahArAja (530-50) jayasiMha ke prapautra pulakezi prathama ke samakAlIna the| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #46
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 3 tathyoM kI vaidhatA ke lie spaSTikaraNa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| mukhyatayA pUrvI rASTrakUToM tathA AguptAyika ke vaMzaja deja mahArAja mahArASTra tathA karnATaka ke sImA bhAgoM para zAsana karate the, jo koMkaNa se jyAdA dUra nahIM thaa| gokAka se prApta kAMsya patroM ke anusAra deja mahArAja ne jamakhaMDI ke jAgIradAra seMdraka ke iMdranaMdI ko arahaMta, jo sarvajJa tathA pUjanIya the, kI prArthanA ke lie kazmAMDI viSaya ke jAlArA gA~va meM lagabhaga 50 nivartana kI kRSi jamIna dAna meM dI thii| ye jaMbukhaMDI ke gaNa ke AryanaMdI the jo jaina saMgha ke muni the aura mUla saMgha se jur3e the| jaMbukhaMDa Adhunika jamakhaMDI hai, jo ki bAgalakoTa jile kA pramukha tAlukA hai| yaha dAna I.pU. 532-33 meM diyA gayA thaa| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki chaThI sadI ke madhya meM bAdAmI cAlukyoM ne pahale dakSiNa ke rASTrakUToM kA damana kiyA aura parAjita rASTrakUTa ailApura kSetra kI ora sthAnAMtarita hue| phira apane Azrayasthala kA vistAra karate hue cAlukyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM A ge| AThavIM sadI ke madhya meM mahAna rAjavaMza ke rUpa meM rASTrakUToM ne 200 varSoM taka cAlukyoM se bhI baDhakara apanA prabhutva jtaayaa| yaha unakI dUsarI sattA kI dUsarI pArI thii| jaisA ki kahA jAtA hai itihAsa apane ko doharAtA hai, cAlukyoM kI eka zAkhA se rASTrakUToM kA bhArI damana huaa| cAlukyoM kI isI zAkhA ne agale 200 varSoM taka zAsana karane ke lie apanI dUsarI pArI pahalI pArI kI apekSA adhika buddhimattA se khelI thii| eka mahAna rAjavaMza ke prathama nirmAtA ke rUpa meM svayaM ko siddha karane ke lie vAtApI cAlukyoM ne paristhitiyoM kA acchA dohana kiyaa| unake udbhava aura vikAsa ke sAtha eka nae adhyAya kA zubhAraMbha huaa| pulakezI prathama ke dAdA, jayasiMha ne rASTrakUToM ke pramukha rAjA iMdra ko parAsta kiyA aura phira jayasiMha ke prapautra pulakezI prathama ne apanA abhiyAna zuru kiyaa| prAraMbha meM jayasiMha ne kadaMboM ke adhIna rahakara eka choTe kiMtu pramukha vyakti ke rUpa meM apane rAjanItika vyaktitva kI zurUvAta kii| kiMtu ekadama acAnaka usane pUrvI rASTrakUToM ke rAjA mAnyapura ke abhimanyu ke prati apanI niSThA jtaayii| cAlukyoM ke zAsana kAla meM utkIrNita mAMDalikoM kI nAmasUcI meM jayasiMha kA nAma bhI darja hai| vI.vI. mirazI, ema.DI dIkSita, DI.si. sarakAra aura eca. esa. thosara ke sAtha vicAra vimarza ke uparAMta mAnapura ke rASTrakUToM kI vaMzAvalI punaH racI gyii| vaha vaMzavRkSa nimnalikhita hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #47
4 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya devarAja prathama + prabhAvatI (350-60) mAnarAja/ mAnANaka (360-400) devArAja dvitIya (400-25) avidheya vibhurAja upanAma mAnarAjA dvitIya bhavisya / 455-70 440-55 zyAmalAMgI (425-40) abhimanyu 470-90 kRSNa (490-530) (510-30) devarAja tRtiya (deja mahArAja) (530-550) prAkRta prabhAva ke kAraNa devarAja kA deja ho gyaa| prAkRta meM 'ra' kA lopa hone ke kAraNa devarAja kA deja, duryodhana kA dujodhana ho gyaa| isI taraha vyaktivAcaka nAma devarAjammA kA dejammA ho gyaa| samaya meM phUlane phalane ke kAraNa pulakezI dvitIya kA patana nizcita ho gayA aura lagabhaga I. pU. 200 meM AguptAyikA kA yuga AraMbha huA hogaa| ke.vI. nareza sirakAra ke kathana se matabheda rakhate hue yaha kahate haiM ki I. pU. cauthI sadI ke uttarArdha meM deja mahArAja ne AguptAyikA kA AraMbha kiyA hogA aura caMdragupta maurya dvArA isakA acchA prAraMbha ho sakA hogaa| 543 ke pahale pulakezI dvitIya se dejja mahArAja nirasta hue hoNge| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #48
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 5 aihoLe, bAdAmI, paTTadakala tathA puligere Adi sAmrAjya ke prasiddha zahara sAMskRtika varIyatA kI U~cAI para pahuMca gae the| tathApi yaha ujjvala yuga eka zatAbdI taka banA rhaa| unakA sAmAjika-dhArmika jIvana, lalita kalAe~ tathA Arthika sthiti kAphI acchI thI aura tatkAlIna yuga meM prajA ne apane yuga ke sAMskRtika jAtiya saMskAra kA khUba AnaMda uThAyA thaa| vAstava meM AsapAsa ke dhArmika tathA sAMskRtika mahatva ke keMdroM ne mahAnagarI bAdAmI ke sAMskRtika vikAsa meM apanA viziSTa yogadAna diyA, jisane bhaugolika dRSTi se apanA sAmarika mahatva kA sthAna banA liyA thaa| Ubar3a-khAbaDa pahADI para vizAla kile kA nirmANa kiyA gayA, jo nAjuka kSetra meM nava nirmita sAmrAjya ko surakSA pradAna karanevAlA maz2abUta gar3ha thaa| aisA lagatA hai mAno ki isake viziSTa prAkRtika paridRzya ne rAjanItika, sAMskRtika tathA sabhyatA ke vikAsa meM sahAyatA pahu~cA kara apanI viziSTatA kI chApa choDI ho| ___prAcIna bhArata meM pUrvI cAlukya mukhyatayA sAmrAjya nirmAtAoM meM se eka the| viMdhya ke dakSiNa pradeza taka unakA sAmrAjya phailA huA thaa| unake zAsanakAla meM niraMtara yuddha ho rahe the| phira bhI unake sAmrAjya meM zAMti thI, saMpannatA thI aura vikAsa bhI ho rahA thaa| usa yuga kA kalAtmaka sRjana bhArata kI kalAtmaka smArakIya guNavattA kI tulanA meM zreSTha thaa| Aja bhArata meM aisI kalAtmakatA durlabha hai aura saubhAgyavaza Aja bhI ve apanI navyabhavyatA ke sAtha khar3I hai| .. isa prakAra, jaisA pahale kahA gayA hai ki tatkAlIna kalA evaM sAmAjikasAMskRtika paristhitiyoM meM jainoM kA sthAna viSaya para svataMtra adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hai| dilacaspa bAta yaha hai ki jaina kalA meM bhavya-bhavana, pASANoM meM banI prAcIna guphAe~ tathA jainoM tathA unake dAsa-bhaktoM kI bhavya mUrtiyoM kA samAveza hai| jainoM kI zilpakalA, pUrvI cAlukya tathA rASTrakUToM kI kalA ke madhya eka kar3I thI, jisase nizcita hI rASTrakUToM ke svarNayuga kA pUrvAnumAna hotA hai| ___ surakSA senA vyavasthA meM inakI atyaMta teja caturdalIya senA thI- ratha-dala, gaja-dala, azva-dala tathA pd-dl| kramabaddha tathA vyavasthita DhaMga se zatru kA vinAza karanA cAlukyoM kI nIti thI, jo chaThI sadI ke madhya eka ucca rAjavaMza ke rUpa meM udita hue the| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #49
6 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya 'vIra jayasiMha', 'vijaya kA siMha' ne cAlukya rAjavaMza ko agrima paMkti meM lAkara khar3A kiyA aura usake bAda usane kabhI pIche muDakara dekhA hI nahIM aura asAdhAraNa kArya karatA huA Age aura Age hI baDhatA calA gyaa| mahAkUTa ke stambha lekhoM meM use vaizravaNa upanAma kubera ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai jabaki aihoLe ke zilAlekha meM use yoddhA ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai, jisane sAmrAjya kI caMcala devI ko bhI niyaMtraNa meM lAyA thaa| jayasiMha ke putra buddhivarmana ko raNavikrAMta tathA raNarAga kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| jo upAdhiyA~ kAlAMtara meM usake nAma kI hI paryAya 'bana' gii| itihAsakAroM ne use raNarAga' ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA hai| jAhira hai yaha upAdhi usakI zUratA aura vIratA kA darpaNa hI thii| jayasiha kA putra raNarAga' (520-40) eka jA~bAz2a yoddhA aura eka satyaniSTha rAjA bhI thAzilAlekhoM meM use daivIzaktiyoM se yukta rAjA ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai aura sAtha hI jagadekanAtha (vizva kA ekamAtra rAjA) kI upAdhi se bhI sammAnita bhI kiyA gayA hai| virudAvalI yA stutigAna ke alAvA jayasiMha aura 'raNarAga' (pitA-putra) ne svataMtra rAjA kA sthAna kabhI nahIM liyaa| satyAzraya jaisI upAdhi pahalI bAra jayasiMha ko hI dI gii| phira usake bAda yaha upAdhi anya rAjAoM taka niraMtara calatI rhii| kavi ravikIrti ne apane AzrayadAtA ko satyAzraya tathA mahArAja ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai| tailappA ke putra ne satyAzraya yaha nAma rakhA thaa| cAlukya rAjavaMza kA prathama rAjA, jayasiMha prathama, guNacaMdra, vasucaMdra, vAdirAjA jaise dharmAcAryoM tathA unake AdhyAtmika upadezoM kA saMrakSaka thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #50
REATRE dvitIya adhyAya AraMbha ke zAsaka raNarAga (520-40) kA putra tathA jayasiMha kA prapautra pulakezi prathama (540-66) apanI yogyatA tathA balabUte para cAlukya rAjavaMza kA pratiSThApaka bnaa| usakI rAjanItika dUradarzitA ne (543-44) bAdAmI kI maz2abUta pahADI ko eka majabUta kIlebaMdI meM parivartita karane kI preraNA dI aura phira usane apanI svataMtratA ghoSita kii| pulakezi prathama ke isa phaisale ko itihAsakAroM ne usakI pratibhA kA ucita nirNaya kahakara prazaMsA kI hai| kAraNa yaha kilA malaprabhA nadI se pA~ca kilomITara kI dUrI para surakSA hetu banavAyA gayA thaa| isa sthAna kA usakA cunAva ucita hI thA, jo usake adhipatya kA hI zubha saMketa thaa| isa pahADI ke pUrva meM pA~ca kilomITara Age mahAkUTa tathA usI dizA meM thoDA Age nadI ke pAsa pa dakalla aura ATha kilomITara nIce kI ora aihoLe hai| tatkAlIna maMdira tathA utkIrNita lekha cAlukyoM ke adhipatya ke sAkSya haiN| pulakezi prathama ne apanA vijayotsava manAne ke lie azvamedha ke sAtha-sAtha anya dhArmika yajJa bhI kie| tathyoM ko dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki pulakezi prathama aura dvitIya ko raNavikrama, raNaparAkrama, raNavikrAMta tathA raNarAsika Adi upAdhiyoM se navAz2A gayA thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #51
8 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya pulakezi prathama kA mUla nAma 'yereya' pulageri kI eka zilA para darja hai, jo ki tAmrapatra kI nakala hI hai| pulakezi prathama ke zAsana kAla meM hI zaMkhajinAlaya ke nirmANa kA kAma kiyA gayA thaa| apane rAjavaMza ke rAjanItika vikAsa meM raNarAga kI kyA bhUmikA thI isakI koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| phira bhI apane vaMza kA vaha prathama rAjA thA jise raNarAga kI upAdhi prApta huI thI aura usake bAda bhI usake parivAra ke anya rAjAoM ko bhI yaha AdarasUcaka nAma milatA gyaa| nizcita hI isa rAjA ne kaI yuddho meM vijaya prApta kI thii| yaha jarUrI to nahIM ki koI rAjA agara yajJa karatA hai to vaha rAjA brAhmaNa hI ho| pratyeka zAsaka yA rAjA kI mahatvAkA~kSA hotI hai ki vaha hara dizA meM apanA nAma banAe, saMpanna ho, isalie ve hamArI paraMparA tathA rIti-rivAjoM se jur3a ge| kaliMga ke prasiddha rAjA khAravela ne, jo ki eka kaTTara jaina thA, chaThI sadI ke madhya, apane zAsanakAla (I.pU. dUsarI sadI) meM rAjasUya yajJa kiyA thaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina rAjAoM ne ina paraMparAoM ko toDA nahIM, ve kSatriya vaMza ke hone para bhI yajJAdi ke khilApha nahIM the| khAravela zAsakoM kA suktavAkya thA, 'savva . pasandaya pUjako' tathA 'savvadevAyantA saMskAra kAraka' arthAta ve sabakI pUjA meM vizvAsa karate the aura sabakA Adara karate the| isa taraha unakA anekAntavAda zAyada hI kabhI tatkAlIna zraddhA aura vicAradhArA - tathA mAnyatA ke viruddha saMgharSa kA kAraNa banA ho| isa prakAra prajA tathA rAjya ke hita ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA dAnadharma rAjadharma kA hI abhinna aMga thaa| koI bhI mahatvAkAMkSI rAjA vijayaprApti tathA vijayotsava ke lie kisI na kisI yajJa kA Ayojana kiyA hI karatA thA, pulakezi prathama ne bhI apane pUrvajoM ke padacihnoM kA anasaraNa kiyaa| 'aihoLe' jayasiMha tathA usake adhikAriyoM kA tabataka mUlasthAna thA jaba taka pulakezi ne vAtApI ko keMdra sthAna banAyA nahIM thA, jise vanavAsI ke kadaMboM ne chIna liyA thaa| para jaba taka cAlukya usa para apanA adhikAra kara lete sAtavAhanoM ne use apane adhIna kara liyA thA aura vahA~ eka IToM kA maMdira bhI banavA diyA thA aura use Aryapura yaha nAma bhI diyA thA, jo ki aihoLe kA saMskRtamUla thA, jisakA bAda meM 'AryapoLAla' yaha saMkSipta rUpa ho gayA, jisakA artha thA, 'pramukha shhr| saMbhavataH 'ahivoLala' 'ahivaLLi' 'aivaLLi' tathA 'aihoLe' ina zabdabhinnatA ke bAre meM socane kI AvazyakatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #52
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 9 raNarAga ke priyatanu pulakezi prathama ne svayaM ko prathama vidhAtri siddha kiyaa| jo 'vAtApi' kA prathama nirmAtA thaa| isa taraha 'satyAzraya zrI pulakezi vallabha mahArAja' kI apanI pUrNa upAdhi se vaha cAlukyoM ke zAsana meM eka labdhapratiSThita rAjA ke rUpa meM camaka utthaa| bAdAmI ke utkarNita (vartamAna yuga 543) lekhoM meM usakI 'cAlukyoM kA vallabhezvara' kahakara prazaMsA kI gaI hai| (EI. VOL.XXVII:P:4) usake bAda pulakezi dharmarAja rAjAoM kA rAjA bana gayAdurlabhadevI bappurA rAjavaMza kI rAjakumArI usakI paTarAnI thI aura damayanti ke samAna vaha apane pati ko samarpita thii| (Mahakuta Pillar Inscription) __pUgavarma ke akAla nidhana ke kAraNa usakA choTA bhAI rAjagaddI para aayaa| pulakezi prathama ke putra kIrtivarma prathama (566-97) ne pazcima ghATa para apane rAjataMtra kI vRddhi kii| usane banavAsI ke kadaMboM, koMkaNa ke mauryoM tathA naloM ko kucalA jo bellArI ke nalavADI tathA karnula jile se zAsana kiyA karate the| zatruoM ko parAsta karane ke bAda iMdravarma ko koMkaNa tathA pazcimI ghATa pradeza kA bhAra sauNpaa| - revati dvIpa tathA govA ke baMdaragAha kA damana karane se unake sAmrAjya-vistAra meM atirikta vRddhi huii| kadaMboM ko, jo banavAsI meM do sau varSoM taka (330-545) maz2abutI se apanI jar3eM jamA kara zAsana kara rahe the, unako khadeDane kA zreya pulakezi ko jAtA hai| kIrtivarma ko 'satyAzraya', 'UruraNa-parAkrama', 'vallabha' tathA 'kIrtivallabha' Adi upAdhiyoM se sammAnita kiyA gayA thaa| isake alAvA usake anya do nAma bhI the. 'kaTTiyarasa' tathA 'pugvrmn'| kIrtivarma ne acchI taraha se apane sAmrAjya kA vikAsa kiyA thaa| jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA hai, usane kadaMboM kA vinAza kiyA, naloM ko parAsta kiyA tathA mauryoM kA damana kiyA thaa| tIna dazakoM kA usakA utkRSTa zAsana usake pitA kI upalabdhiyoM kA smaraNa karAtA hai| ____ pulakezi dvitIya (610-642) upanAma IreyyA choTI Ayu meM hI apane pitA kA uttarAdhikArI bnaa| pulakezi eka choTA sA baccA thA jaba usake pitA ne AkharI sA~sa lI thii| ve apane pIche cAra putroM (pulakeziyoM ko) ko choDa svarga sidhAra gae the| ve cAra putra the - viSNuvardhana, dharAzraya, jayasiMha, tathA buddhvrs| ___ hAlA~ki pulakezi Ayu meM bahuta choTA hone ke kAraNa usake cAcA maMgaleza tathA usake choTe bhAI kIrtivarma ne zAsana kI bAgaDora sNbhaalii| lagabhaga 200 varSoM ke bAda eka samAna sthitiyoM kA nirmANa huA thaa| jaba 814-79 meM amogAvarSA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #53
10 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya jaba eka choTA sA baccA thA taba rASTrakUToM ke sAmrAjya kI bAgaDora karkI ne saMbhAlI saubhAgya se zaurya ke premI zeradila maMgalarAjA (596-609) ne vRddhi tathA vikAsa kI apanI nIti jArI rakhI thii| usane buddharasa upanAma budhArAjA kaTacurI rAjA (kalacuri rAjA) jinakA rAjya gujarAta, khAnadeza tathA mAlavA taka phailA huA thA, para AkramaNa kara lUTa kA mAla rAjakoSa meM bhara diyA thaa| apane nAma 'ururaNa parAkrama' ke anusAra usane apane kAryakAla meM koMkaNa pradeza meM cAlukyoM kI sattAzakti ko punaHsthApita kiyA aura ratnAgiri jile meM sthita revatidvIpa ke rAjapAla svAmIrAja ke vidroha kA damana kara dhruvarAja iMdravarma ko usa pradeza kA rAjapAla niyukta kiyaa| isa prakAra usane cAlukyoM kA adhipatya viMdhya ke usapAra. bhI phailA diyA thaa| maMgaleza ko jaina dharma ke sAtha-sAtha anya dharmoM ke prati bhI Adara aura sammAna thaa| bAdAmI me sthita jaina guphA' tathA paralUru kA zAMtinAtha maMdira maMgaleza ke kAryakAla ke do pramukha smAraka haiM. maMgaleza ke kAryakAla ke hullI kAMsya patra (I.sa. 600) meM pUralUra saMgha kI zreSThatA ko darja kiyA gayA hai| bAdAmI meM sthita usake zAsana kAla kI jaina guphA (saMkhyA 4) atyaMta suMdara zailI meM banavAI gaI haiN| rAjakumAra pulakezi ke bar3e hone taka saba kucha sahI aura surakSita thaa| maMgaleza nirbhaya ora nirapekSatA se kArya kiyA karatA thaa| kiMtu jaba pulakezi kA pratikSita 'rAjyAbhiSeka kA svarNima kSaNa AyA aura uttAradhikArI ke rUpa meM apanI rAjagaddI kI ora bar3hane lagA taba maMgaleza ne apanA zAsana aura adhika samaya ke lie baDhAne kI socii| usane vaidha uttArAdhikArI ko siMhAsana dene se manA kiyA aura apane putra ko rAjA banAne ke lie gupta rUpa se SaDayaMtra racane lgaa| jabaki isake viparIta mahAkUTa ke eka stambha para maMgaleza ko 'yudhiSThara iva satya saMdha' kahA gayA hai| maMgaleza ne apane zAsanakAla meM kaI vIrocita karma kie jisameM usakI koMkaNa vijaya tathA madhya-bhArata kI kalacuri vijaya bhI zAmila hai| usane apane bar3e bhAI ko zreya dene ke lie kaI vaiSNava guphA maMdiroM kA utkhanana kiyA thaa| adhikAra haDapane tathA apane saMbaMdhiyoM ko uttarAdhikAra ke rUpa meM rAjya de dene ke usake svArthI matalaba ke kAraNa maMgaleza kA vyaktitva dhuMdhalA par3a gayA aura usakA kada baunA ho gyaa| tathApi usakI upalabdhiyoM ko najara aMdAja nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaha eka sAmAnya AdamI thA koI devadUta nahIM aura bhUla to Akhira insAna se hI huI hai ataH usako drohI kA lebala lagAnA ucita nahIM hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #54
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 11 pulakezi bahuta hI cAlAka aura tIkSNa buddhivAlA thaa| usane apane cAcA ke SaDayantroM tathA gupta maMtraNAoM ko saMgha liyA aura turaMta hI kAryarata ho gyaa| usakI sAjiza kA pardAphAza karane ke bAda usane niSThAvAna logoM se sainika sahAyatA prApta kI aura gRhayuddha zuru kiyaa| maMgaleza ko nikAla bAhara karane ke lie bANoM ne pulakezi ko (I.sa. 609 meM eLabaTTa sibhige nADanUra gA~va kI raNabhUmi para) sahAyatA pradAna kii| pulakezi ne apanI uccAkA~kSA tathA yuddhakauzala se maMgaleza ko parAsta kiyA aura rAjAdhikAra prApta karane ke lie vartamAna yuga 609 meM eLabaTTa siMbhIge gA~va kI raNabhUmi meM maMgaleza para AkhirI vAra karane apanI talavAra utthaayii| isa ghaTanA ke bAda maMgaleza ke putra kA kyA hazra huA isakA koI patA nahIM hai| para ho sakatA hai ki usake putra ke sAtha bhI vaisA hI bartAva kiyA gayA hogA jo maMgaleza ke sAtha kiyA gayA thaa| __ maMgaleza kI mRtyu ke bAda pulakezi kA saMgharSa khatama nahIM huA thA ulaTA adhika hI baDhane lagA thaa| vidrohI zaktiyoM ke sAtha use satata laDanA par3A thaa| usane apane rAjanItika kauzala se eka mahAna rAjA ke rUpa meM apanI zatrutA ko avasaravAditA meM badala diyaa| zaurya hI netA ko janma detA hai| pulakezi kI gatizilatA ne ghire hue kAle bAdaloM ko chitarAkara dUra bhagA diyaa| usane apanI vijaya-zrRkhaMlA se apanI yogyatA tathA teja darzA diyaa| . pulakezi ne apanI vijaya-yAtrA kA jIvana AraMbha kiyaa| usane bhImArati nadI ke uttarI taTa para base kalacuri ke appAyikoM ko nirmula kiyaa| uttarI koMkaNa ke mauryo ko nAko cane cabavA die jo vAstava meM maMgaleza kA sahAyaka thaa| usane apane zatruoM ko samarpaNa kA avasara diyA ora rAjanIti ke khela meM billiyoM ko kabhI zera banane kI anumati nahIM dii| usane tuLunADu (dakSiNa kenarA) ke ALupAoM ko cakamA diyaa| talakADu ke gaMgoM ko viphala kiyaa| durvinIta kI putrI se vivAha kiyaa| kadaMboM ko banavAsI se prasthAna karane ke lie kahA aura saba para apane zAsana kI chApa choddii| usake surakSA abhiyAna meM lATa, mAlavA tathA gurjarA ke rAjAoM ne usake adhirAjya ko utsphurtatA se sahAyatA pradAna kii| cAlukyoM ke nagADoM se ninAdita uttarIbhAga mAhI nadI taka vistArita hotA gyaa| coLa pAMDUya aura kerala nareza pallavoM ko khadeDane ko utsuka the aura ve cAlukyoM kA sAtha pAkara zaktizAlI bana rahe the| usake sazastra-sainya-jalapota samuha ne dhArApurI (Adhunika eliphaMTA dvIpa) ko lUTa liyA, jo pazcimI ghATa kI nikhAta-nidhI thii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #55
12 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya saMkSepa meM, pulakezi dvitiya ne banavAsI tathA piSTapura ke pramukha kiloM para kabjA kiyA aura jina logoM ne usakA adhipatya nahIM mAnA unase laDate, saMgharSa karate, unako adhIna banAte hue usane apanI jayayAtrA AraMbha kii| usane cAroM dizAoM ke bhU-bhAga ko apane adhIna kara dakSiNa meM apanA jhaMDA gAr3a diyaa| pulakezi ne 99,000 gA~voM ke eka bRhata bhUbhAga para apanA zAsana jamAne kA eka sAhasI kArya kiyA aura magana adamari (adamarI kA beTA) arthAta zatru rAjAoM ko apane yuddhanagADoM kI AvAz2a se bhayabhIta karanevAlA nAma arjita kiyaa| lohanerA ke tAmrapatra para usake lie pUrvAparasamudradhipa' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| arthAta pUrva-pazcima samudra kA devtaa| yaha vizeSaNa isa bAta kA hI saMketa detA hai ki usakA sAmrAjya do samudroM ke bIca ke vizAla bhAga taka phailA huA thaa| apanI rAjanItika pratibhA se pulakezi ne apane bhAiyoM ko prazAsanika kArya kA uttaradAyitva sauMpakara unako sazakta bnaayaa| dharAzraya jayasiMha aura kubja viSNuvardhana ko kramazaH nAsika tathA beMgI pradeza kA uparAjA bnaayaa| viSNuvardhana upanAma buddharasa, veMgI maMDala kA pramukha banane se pUrva sAtArA kA uparAjA thaa| pulakezi kI khyAti aura zakti ne kannauja ke zreSTha samrATa harSavardhana ko dakSiNa para AkramaNa karane ke lie uksaayaa| do mahAna yoddhA mile aura unhoMne narmadA ke taTa para apane-apane yuddha ziviroM ke par3Ava ddaale| kiMtu ajeya harSavardhana apane jIvana meM pahalI bAra, pulakezi kA sainyabala dekhakara hatAza huA aura usane apanI senA pIche httaayii| donoM vivekI tathA dUradarzI mahAna yoddhAoM ne eka dUsare kI zaktimattA ko dekhakara apanI apanI senA ko pIche haTane kA Adeza diyA aura ekadUsare kA mAna tathA sammAna banAe rakhane ke lie yaha samajhautA kiyA ki narmadA nadI kA dakSiNa bhAga pulakezi ke adhIna rhegaa| isa prakAra pulakezi ne dakSiNa pathezvara tathA paramezvara jaise asAmAnya biruda arjita kie| __ vAstava meM cAlukyoM kA adhipatya narmadA ke dakSiNa taTa taka phailA thA jo apane Apa meM karnATaka ke utkRSTa yaza prApti kA hI dyotaka thaa| __yaha eka mahAna gaurava yA vijaya hI kaheM, jisameM romaharSita karane vAle sAre guNa the, eka laMbe arase se jise saMjoyA gayA thaa| pulakezi ne pahale bhI aura bAda meM bhI kaI azvArohI yuddha kie the kiMtu daidipyamAna harSavardhana para usane soca samajha kara hI prahAra karanA cAhA aura isalie usane apanI phauja ko pIche haTane kA Adeza diyA thaa| kavi ravikIrti saMbhavataH isa raktasikta yuddha kA cazmadIda gavAha rahA hogaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #56
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 13 kyoMki usane samrATa harSavardhana kA karuNAjanaka citra khIMcate hue usa para viDaMbana kiyA hai, 'patita gajendrAnIka bIbhatsabhUto bhaya-vigalita harSo yena cAkAri hrssH'| isa yuddha kI duduMbhI yahIM para rukI nahIM huI balki pulakezi ne uttara ke ullekhanIya yuddhoM se prerita hokara apane choTe bhAI rAjakumAra viSNuvardhana ko rAjadhAnI kA prabhArI banAkara pUrvI dakSiNa kI ora apanA morcA kiyaa| apane niSThura rAjavistAra abhiyAna meM usane kaliMga, kosalA, kunAla (elluru ke pAsa kolleru) piSTapura, (guMTura jile kA piThAmapura) para vijaya prApta kii| kunAla sarovara ke pUrvI taTa ke viznukuMDaniyoM ne apanA samarpaNa kiyaa| phira Age baDhakara pulakezi ne pallavoM ke uttarI pradeza ko bhI apane rAjya meM joDa liyaa| I. sa. 621 meM pullaluru ke yuddha meM pallavarAja mahendravarmana prathama (600-30) ko milI parAjaya se pallavoM aura cAlukyoM ke saMbaMdhoM meM kaDavAhaTa AyI aura usake bAda hamezA ke lie zatrutA ko havA dI gii| jisase AnevAlI pIDhiyoM tathA rAjavaMzoM ko isakA AghAta sahanA pdd'aa| tathApi, pulakezi ko do mahAna netAoM (uttara meM harSa aura dakSiNa meM mahendravarmana prathama) ko parAjita karane kA zreya jAtA hai| .. pulakezi kI rAjanItika zakti, prazAsanika dUradarzitA, raNabhUmi kA parAkrama tathA prAviNya aura sAMskRtika vaibhava Adi zilAlekhiya srotoM se anuprANita hai| pulakezi dvitIya kI mahatvAkAMkSA ne use eka bAra phira pallavoM para AkramaNa karane ke lie prerita kiyaa| pallavoM kI rAjadhAnI ke mArga para sthita rAyalasImA ke bANoM tathA pallavoM ke vatsaloM ko apane vaza meM kara liyaa| tIna dazakoM se bhI adhika kAla ke lie yuddha kI duMdubhiyoM tathA nagADoM kI AvAz2a se AsamAna gUMja rahA thaa| jo kucha usane dekhA aura cAhA usane usa para vijaya hAsila kii| kaI choTe moTe dezoM kI adhInatA, ujvala jIvana tathA U~cI AkAMkSAe~ Adi aisI carama sImA para pahu~ca gaI thI ki mAno aba apakarSa kI hI pratIkSA zeSa rahI ho| aura vaha kSaNa samaya se pahale hI A gyaa| aba yuddhoM ke khataroM kI anizcitatA baDha rahI thii| nirbhaya aura kruddha pallava ghAyala zera kI bhA~ti krodhita hue the aura cAlukyoM ke adhipatya ko kucala dene ke lie sahI samaya kA iMtajAra kara rahe the| dIrgha pratikSita aura saMjoye samaya ne pallavoM kA daravAz2A khttkhttaayaa| unake daloM ko pIche haTane kI pIr3A khAsakara pallavoM ko hatAza karane vAlI thI, jinhoMne apanI senA ko sazakta mAna liyA thaa| kiMtu lagAtAra milI hAra se unakI kamiyA~ khulakara For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #57
14 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya sAmane aayiiN| hara morce para use samekita karane kI AvazkatA ko mahasUsa kara pallavoM ne sabase pahale apanI senA meM preraNA ke prANa phuuNke| mahendravarmana kA prathama putra bahupratibhAzAlI narasiMhavarmana prathama mahAmalla (630-68) ne apane pitA kI parAjaya kA mUMha-toDa javAba dene ke lie yuddhAbhiyAna kI yojanA bnaayii| usane yuddha kI gaharI cAla clii| U~cI chalAMga lagAne ke lie pahale vaha pIche haTA. aura phira ucita daMDa dene ke lie narasiMhavarmana ne apanI caturdaliya senA se cAlukyoM ke pradeza para ghora AkramaNa kiyaa| usane ajeya vijetA pulakezi kA vinAza kiyA aura bAdAmI ko niSThuratA se chInakara svayaM 'vAtApIkoNDa' bana gyaa| ... apanI vijaya para atiharSita hokara pallavoM kI senA ne bAdAmI ko jalA diyaa| yuddhakAla meM Aga lagAnA, jalAnA kiloM tathA rAjadhAnI ke zaharoM, maMdiroM Adi ko naSTa karanA una dinoM Ama bAta thii| rASTrakUToM tathA cAlukyoM kI rAjadhAniyA~ kramazaH maLakheDa aura kalyANa jalAyI gayI thiiN| isI vajaha se athavA apanI surakSA ke lie rAjA apanI rAjadhAnI kA kSetra badalA karate the| coLarAja rAjendra prathama ne apanI rAjadhAnI gaMgAIkoNDA kolApurama bhI vartamAna yuga 1042 meM badalI thii| usake virodhI Ahavamalla trailokyamalla somezvara prathama ne bhI apanA nivAsa malakher3a se nikAlakara kalyANa meM banA liyA thaa| piriyAla, maNimaMgala aura sUramAra ke raktapipAsU yuddhoM meM cAlukyoM kI senA ne pallavoM kI mahAna senA ke sammukha samarpaNa kiyaa| aba taka apanI senA ko cAroM khAne citta dekhakara, bhayabhIta prajA ko rote dekhakara pulakezi ekadama nisteja ho gyaa| apane priya zahara bAdAmI tathA kile ko bhasmIbhUta dekhakara usake dukha kI koI sImA nahIM rhii| usane pratikUla piristhitiyoM kA aMta taka sAmanA kiyA para vyrth| aMta taka prANoM para khelakara laDate hue usane Akhira vIragati prApta kii| usane sammAna ke alAvA saba kucha kho diyA thaa| aba samaya narasiMhavarmana ke haka meM thaa| usane apanI abhUtapUrva vijaya kA bharapura AnaMda uThAyA aura (I.sa.642 meM) vAtApIkoNDa yaha upAdhi apanI yogyatA ke bala para arjita kii| apanI vijaya ke smaraNArtha usane apane kile kI dIvAra para jayazAsana utkIrNita kiyA thaa| . ___ pulakezi kA pradIpta navayuga vartamAna yuga I.sa. 642 meM samApta huaa| rAjanItika paridRzya se pulakezi kA nikAsa cAlukyoM tathA pallavoM ke madhya saMgharSa ko thoDI rAhata de gyaa| para yaha kucha hI samaya ke lie thaa| yaha eka taraha se asthAyI zAMti For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #58
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 15 thii| bAda ke varSoM meM donoM ke madhya pratirodha tathA yuddhoM ne aura adhika gati dhAraNa kii| pratirodha kI bhAvanA itanI AsAnI se zAMta hone vAlI nahIM thii| isameM koI zaka nahIM ki advitIya pulakezi ke netRtva meM cAlukyoM ne jo pratiSThA pAyI thI usake bAre meM ve aba taka bekhabara hI the| kaI mAyanoM meM vaha eka mahAna nirmAtA tathA bemisAla the| rAjanItika kSetra meM pulakezi ke bAre meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vaha AyA, usane dekhA aura jiitaa| prasiddha cInI yAtrI hyuna tsAMga, jisane I.sa. 641-42 meM bhArata ke dakSiNa bhAga kI yAtrA ke daurAna vaha karNATa deza se bhI gujarA thaa| apanI yAtrA ke daurAna, pulakezi dvitIya ke zAsanakAla meM pracalita sAmAjika, dhArmika tathA rAjanItika paristhitiyoM kA usane nirIkSaNa kiyA thaa| usa sAmrAjya ke kucha pracalita aMzoM ko agara dekhanA ho to hyuna tsAMga ke yAtrAvRtta ko dekhanA hogaa| jo nimnalikhita hai... __'yaha deza lagabhaga 5000 lI ke vRtta meM hai| pazcima meM eka bar3I nadI kRSNa ke taTa para rAjadhAnI hai| jo lagabhaga 30 lI golAkAra hai| yahA~ kI miTTI acchI aura upajAu hai| jisa para niraMtara phasala ugAI jAtI hai aura jo nirmANazIla hai| yahA~ kI AbohavA garama tathA loga bahata hI ImAnadAra aura sIdhe sAde haiN| ve UMcepare tathA pratirodha kI bhAvanA se bhare haiN| apanoM ke lie ve mahAna haiM to zatruoM ke prati krodhI haiN| unakA yadi apamAna kiyA jAya to ve apanI jAna jokhima meM DAlakara usakA pratikAra karate haiN| saMkaTa ke samaya agara unako kisI kI sahAyatA karane ke lie kahA jAya to ve khuda ko bhUlakara sahAyatA karane pahuMca jAte haiN| aura agara unako pratirodha lenA hai to ve apane zatru ko pUrva cetAvanI dete haiM aura jaba donoM hathiyAroM se laisa ho jAte haiM taba ve eka dUsare para bhAle barache se vAra karate haiN| jaba koI eka bhAga jAtA hai to dUsarA use prerita karatA hai para use mArA nahIM jaataa| agara senApati yuddha meM hAra jAtA hai to use koI saz2A nahIM dI jAtI balki use auratoM kA veza bheMTa svarUpa diyA jAtA hai| isase vaha khuda mRtyu cAhane lagatA hai| hyunatsAMga ne pulakezi ko dekhane ke bAda yahI darja kiyA hai ki, 'yaha Tsati-li (kSatriya, yoddhA) kI jAti kA hai| isakA nAma pu-lo-ki-ze hai| usakI yojanAeM gahana, gaMbhIra tathA vizAla haiN| usane khule dila se apanI dayA tathA hita sabake lie samAna rUpa se dikhaaii| usakI prajA pUrNa samarpaNa bhAva se usakI sevA karatI hai| vartamAna meM zilAditya mahArAja (harSa) ne pUrva se pazcima deza para vijaya For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #59
16 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya prApta kI hai| aura vaha apane sainya dala ko sUdura jiloM taka le gyaa| lekina yahAM ke logoM ne usako samarpaNa nahIM kiyaa|' aihoLe aura bAdAmI niHsaMdeha sugaTa (bauddha) tathA arahata (jaina) ke mahatvapUrNa tathA pramukha pITha the| kiMtu zilAlekhoM tathA hyuna tsAMga ke yAtrA varNana ke alAvA rAjataMtra meM yuddhoM kI pratiSThA kA koI bhI likhita pramANa Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| __ cInI yAtrI ItsiMga (I-tising) ne pUrvI bhArata ke mahAna rAjA lutpa-kajya-vya arthAta candrAditya rAjabhRtya se bheMTa kI thii| caMdrAditya saMbhavataH vikramAditya kA bar3A bhAI, pulakezi kA putra tathA harSa zilAditya para vijayaprApta karanevAlA rahA hogaa| ItsiMga 4-tising) ne yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki candrAditya kavi thA jisane vessaMtara jAtaka kI racanA kI thI (jarnala oNpha rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI (cha.da.:Vol. I. P. 260; IA.Vol. vii : pp. 163-219). ___ raNavikrama pulakezi dvitIya kI do mahArAniyA~ kadaMba tathA gaMgoM ke rAjavaMza se thI aura tIsarI prasiddha gaMga rAjA durvinIta kI suputrI thii| kadaMba kI rAjakumArI pahalI mahArAnI thii| pulakezi ke pA~ca putra the, Adityavarma, (jisake putra kA nAma abhinavAditya thA) candrAditya, (jisakI patnI prasiddha vijayAbha rikA thI) raNarasika vikramAditya prathama, (jo ki yuvarAja thA) jayasiMhavarma (jisane lATa zAkhA kI khoja kI thI) aura rAjakumAra raNarAga varma (saMdigdha pahacAna, jise sAvaMtavADI kA prabhArI banAyA gyaa)| Adityavarma ko noLambavAr3I kA pramukha niyukta kiyA gayA thaa| vikramAditya vaigImaMDala kA rAjA thaa| vijayAbhaTTArikA ko sAvaMtavAr3I pradeza kI jamIna nerUra se upahAra meM dI gayI thI, jisakI dekhabhAla usakA pati kara rahA thaa| dharAzraya narasiMhavarmana ne gujarAta zAkhA kI sthApanA kI thii| isa prakAra pulakezi ne apane putroM ko vAyasarAya ke pada para niyukta kiyA aura aMtataH priyatanu vikramAditya ne sAmrAjya kI rAjagaddI sNbhaalii| vikramAditya tathA usake bar3e bhAiyoM se saMbaMdhita zeSa vivaraNa Age pRSThoM meM diyA jaaegaa| khyAtanAma akhtabarI ke anusAra paraziyA ke bAdazAha khusaro dvitIya ne 625 meM cAlukya samrATa kA svAgata kiyA thA aura isa saujanya kA AdAna pradAna bhI huA thaa| pulakezi prathama se maMgaleza taka kA kAla eka majabUta buniyAda kA kAla thA aura pulakezi dvitIya kA kAryakAla yAni jaise caMdramA kI zobhA hI thii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #60
CE H SASANSAR tRtIya adhyAya naMtara ke zAsaka car C HUDIO karNATa deza ne pahalI bAra jainoM kI cakravartI rAjA kI paurANika parikalpanA ko pulakezi dvitIya ke advitIya digvijaya meM sAkAra hote dekhaa| paravartI daMtakathAoM meM paurANika caritra nAyaka ke samAna hI usakI upalabdhiyoM tathA jIvana kA khUba baDhA-caDhAkara varNana kiyA gayA hai| ravikIrti aura pulakezi, eka Azrita kavi aura dUsarA adhipati, donoM kI AtmiyatA ne paravartI siMhAsanAdhiSTha zAsakoM ko vidvatjanoM se sAhacarya aura sauhArda banAe rakhane kI preraNA dii| anya ullekhanIya bAteM yaha thIM ki cAlukya tathA jainoM meM sauhArda thA, donoM lokapriya the aura janatA ke sneha se saMrakSita the| harapanahaLLI tathA usake AsapAsa kI pahAr3I aranaLLI caTTAneM jainoM kI prArthanAoM se gUMja uThatI thiiN| zilAlekhoM ke vivaraNa isa bAta kA samarthana karate haiM ki sAtavIM sadI ke prAraMbhika dazakoM meM ina pahAr3I caTTAnoM para kaI jaina muniyoM ne baDe dhairya ke sAtha sallekhana kA vrata dhAraNa kiyA aura mRtyu ko AmaMtrita kiyaa| vidhilikhita ke anusAra kubja viSNuvardhana (615-33) cAlukyoM kI eka anya zAkhA kA saMsthApaka bnaa| apanI rAjanItika paTutA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #61
18 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya aura kuzalatA se usane pUrvI khAr3I pradeza ke AMdhra rAjya ko jItakara apane rAjya ke sAtha joDa diyA aura veMgI upanAma pUrvI cAlukya rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kI aura usake bAda lagabhaga 500 varSoM se bhI adhika samaya taka apanA prabhAva banAe rkhaa| __ kubja viSNuvardhana kI mahArAnI ayyaNa mahAdevI ke vijayavATikA, naDumbivasati (jaina maMdira) tathA tokanATavADA-viSaya meM sthita musunikoMDa grAma kA prabaMdha karane niyukta kiyaa| nadhumbivasati ke pramukha dharmAcArya kAlIbhadrAcArya kaurUru gaNa se saMbadhita the jo ki sUratagaNa kA hI sahagaNa thA aura gadaga jile ke mUlataH lakkuMDI ke pAsa vAle kaurUru grAma se jur3A thaa| (nAgarAjayyA haMpa.- kavivara kAmadhenu : 1996 P-49, ARSIE. 1916-17. a-9 : CE:762). ___ ekabAra phira sAmrAjya ne saMgharSa aura sAmaMtiya baira ko dekhaa| pulakezi ke do putroM ne apanI svAdhInatA kI ghoSaNA kii| teraha varSoM kI aitihAsika rAtrI bIta cukI thii| eka dazaka se bhI adhika samaya ke lie pallavoM ke kAle bAdaloM ne cAlukyoM ke camakIle sUraja ko ghera rakhA thaa| vaise pallava cAlukyoM ko apane sAmrAjya meM . milA lene ko tatpara nahIM the aura apane duzmana ko sajA dene meM hI khuza the| jaba pallava vyavadhAna DAla rahe the taba vikramAditya prathama ke bhAI caMdrAditya aura Adityavarmana cAlukya sAmrAjya kI sImA para, jo keMdra se bahuta dUra thA, zAsana kara rahe the| ___ cAlukya siMhAsana ke uttarAdhikArI ke bAre meM kaI bhinna-bhinna mata haiM, jisakI savistAra carcA kI AvazyakatA hai| mahAliMgama Adityavarmana se vikramAditya kI pahacAna kI salAha dete haiN| kiMtu DI.sI sirakAra aura DI.pI. dIkSita inase matabheda rakhate haiN| sirakAra kA mata hai ki Adityavarmana tathA cAlukyoM kI rAjagaddI ke dAvedAra bAdAmI se sUdUra pradezoM meM zAsana kara rahe the| jabaki dIkSita jora dekara kahate haiM ki Adityavarmana apane pitA ke jeSTha putra hone ke nAte alpasamaya ke lie (arthAta do varSa 642, 643-45) pulakezi dvitIya kA prathama uttarAdhikArI banakara siMhAsanAdhiSTha huaa| usake bAda caMdrAditya (646-49) kA zAsana calA aura usane lagabhaga eka dazaka taka zAsana kiyaa| phira abhinavAditya ne (645-46) eka varSa taka zAsana kiyA aura aMta meM vikramAditya ko rAjamukuTa pahanAyA gyaa| (Dikshit D.P: Political History of Chalukyas of Badami-1980:114-15). For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #62
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 19 nelakuNDa tathA karnUla ne pulakezi dvitIya ke priyaputra Adityavarmana ko 'zrI pRthvIvallabha mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara' kI upAdhi pradAna kii| yahI isa bAta kA samarthana karatA hai ki vaha siMhAsana kA uttarAdhikArI thaa| hAlA~ki vikramAditya apane pitA dvArA cayanita uttarAdhikArI thA use siMhAsana ke lie nAmAMkita kiyA thaa| yadyapi vikramAditya ne svayaM ko samrATa ghoSita kara apane dAve kI bAjI lagAI thI aura apanI paTutA ke sAtha 'sarvAna dAyAdana jitvA'... arthAta apane pratispardhiyoM ko kucalakara vijaya prApta karate hue, hara dizA meM apane virodhiyoM kA damana karate hue vaha nikala par3A thaa| 'ripu narendrajna dizi dizi jitvaa'| Alamapura ( AMdhra pradeza) ke zilAlekhA meM ucita hI kahA gayA hai ki; 'vaMze mahati vikhyAte rAjA rAjIva locanaH nAmanA zrI vikramAdityaH kSIroda jva caMdramAH' (arthAt, mahAna tathA prakhyAta vaMza meM janmA rAjIvalocana(nIlI A~khoMvAlA) ' vikramAditya aisA thA mAno kSIra samudra se kisI caMdramA ne janma liyA ho|) ___ yadyapi paradA Upara uTha gayA thA, aura yaha sahI bhI hai ki AkramaNakArI daloM ne vAtApI ko parAsta kiyA aura pUrI taraha se lUTakara, jalAkara bhasma kara diyA thaa| rAjadhAnI kA sarvanAza hone ke bAvajUda cAlukyoM kA sAmrAjya samUla naSTa nahIM huA thaa| unakI vidhvaMsaka parAjaya mAtra asthAyI thii| adhikatara cAlukyoM ke kSetra se zatrusenA ko pIche haTA diyA gayA thaa| zatrusenA ke pIche haTane ke bAda, vikramAditya, sabase pahale to zahara ko punarvAsita karane tathA eka nae adhyAya kA prAraMbha karane hetu, apanI rAjadhAnI vApasa lauttaa| bAdAmI meM vidhvaMsa se jo riktatA nirmANa huI thI use vikramAditya ne bhara dii| priyatanu pulakezi prathama ne bAdAmI para ghire kAle bAdaloM ko bhagA diyA aura camakate sUrya ke samAna vaha uTha khaDA huaa| bhAgya bhI sAhasiyoM kA sAtha detA hai| IzvarIya anukaMpA, sAhasa tathA bala para vikramAditya apane koza se bAhara niklaa| usake pAsa AkAMkSA thI aura kauzala thaa| apanI choTI tathA sazastra caturdaliya senA, choTe bhAI jayasiMha varmana tathA tIsare patra pulakezi kA sahayoga tathA apane nAnA gaMga rAjA 'durvinIta' ke sahayoga tathA sahAyatA se vikramAditya pallavoM se apane kulabaira kA pratirodha lene meM saphala huaa| yaha pratyAghAta mAtra pratirodha lene ke lie hI nahIM thaa| balki apane vizAla sAmrAjya kI pratiSThA ko punaH pratisthApita karanA bhI thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #63
20 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya _isa bAra prabhusattA rAjarSI kI kudRSTi jo teraha varSoM taka pallavoM kI jaMjIroM meM jakar3I thI, cAlukyoM para pdd'ii| zeradila vikramAditya prathama, apane nAma ke samAna apane zAhI azva citrakaMTha para AruDha hokara aura hAtha meM camakatI rAja-talavAra uThAkara, cAlukyoM kI jIvana-dIpti ko anuprANita karane lgaa| vikramAditya ne apane pitA dvArA kaThinAI se arjita sAmrAjya kI rakSA ke lie pAMDrayoM, kaLabhoM, coLoM, ceramAoMko, keraLAsa ko chilakara rakha diyaa| usane dakSiNa samudra taTa para jayastaMbha khar3A kara diyaa| usane apane choTe rAja bhrAtA jayasiMha varmana ko dakSiNa gujarAta, lATadeza ke vAyasarAya ke rUpa meM nAmAMkita kara apanI rAjanItika cetanA tathA bodha kA paricaya kraayaa| bAda meM yahI dhArA eka svataMtra zAkhA ke rUpa meM vikasita huii| vikramAditya prathama (651-81) ko yuvarAja banAne ke pIche pulakezi prathama kI dUradarzitA tathA gatizIlatA thii| usakI mAtA gaMga rAjA durvinIta kI putrI thii| chaThI sadI ke aMtima dazakoM meM usa para kogali ke jaina maMdira ke nirmANa kA bhAra sauMpA gyaa| bAda meM dasavIM sadI meM indranaMdI ne use punaH bnvaayaa| sAtavIM sadI ke prAraMbha meM puligere meM durvinIta ke putra mokkara upanAma muSkara ke guNAMkana ke lie jaina maMdira kA nirmANa kiyA gayA jise bAda meM mokkara basadI (610) nAma diyA gyaa| mokkarA puligere tIrtha kA eka utsAhI bhakta thaa| * vikramAditya prathama ne AkramaNa kA netRtva kiyA aura par3osI rAjya kAMcipurama kI ora kUca kI to paramezvaravarmana prathama ne apane Azrayasthala se palAyana kiyaa| apane sthAna aura zAsana ko samekita karane ke lie vikramAditya ne kAverI nadI ke taTa para base UraiyUra para apanA par3Ava ddaalaa| viLande ke aitihAsika yuddha meM bhUvikrama ne apane zatru paramezvaravarmana se mUlyavAna mAlA jIta lI jisameM ugrodaya ratna jar3A huA thaa| nirbhIka pallavoM ne vikramAditya tathA usake putra vijayAditya ke netRtva meM AnevAlI cAlukya senA kA punaH eka bAra sAmanA kiyaa| vijayazrI ne paramezvaravarmana para kRpA kI aura usane pallavoM ke sImA kSetra uruyuru triracurapallI ke pAsa peruvalA nelluru meM una para dRDhatA se parAjaya thoMpa dii| pallavoM para caDhAI ke daurAna, vikramAditya prathama, kAverI nadI ke kinAre para sthita jainoM ke prasiddha sthAna uruyuru meM par3Ava DAle baiThA thaa| Uraiyura meM sthita arahana maMdira ke nAma the, zrI kaMDapaLLi nikkaMDa kozTama tathA nikkNddpllii| arthAta nigraMthoM kA gaaNv| isa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #64
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 21 Uraiyura koyila (devAlaya) kA jo pramukha upAsaka thA use uruyuru zrI koyila nAyanAra kahA jAtA thaa| vikramAditya ke zAsana kAla ke daurAna cAlukyoM kI gujarAta zAkhA svataMtra rUpa se kAryarata hone lgii| gujarAta ke rAjyapAla, jayasiMha ne, vikramAditya ke choTe bhAI vajjadha ayyA vajratha upanAma zilAditya tRtiya ko yuddha meM viphala kiyaa| jisase cAlukyoM kI zAna meM cAra cA~da laga ge| kiMtu ina sArI saphalatAoM meM kucha pratikUlatAeM bhI thiiN| vikramAditya ko AkramaNa kA kaDuvA anubhava mila cukA thaa| I.sa. 678 meM pallava rAjA paramezvarmana prathama ne cAlukyoM kI senA ko khadeDakara apane senApati paraMjoti ziruttaMDara ko bhejaa| jo sIdhe cAlukyoM kI rAjadhAnI kI ora baDhA aura usane vAtApI ko lUTa liyaa| cAlukyoM ke rAjakumAra vinayAditya aura vijayAditya, sAhasI gaMga rAjA bhUvikrama kI sahAyatA se ciruttoMDara ko pIche haTAne meM saphala hue aura acchA khAsA lUTa kA mAla lekara AkhirakAra kAMci lautte| . vinayAditya (681-96) ko I.sa. 678 meM yuvarAja banAyA gayA aura vaha 681 meM vidhivata siMhAsanAruDha huaa| rAjAoM ke rAjA vikramAditya ne dakSiNa aura uttara meM AkramaNa kie aura samudrapAra dvIpoM tathA pradezoM ko apane adhIna kara liyaa| bANoM, gaMgoM, aura zedrakoM ke samarpaNa ko usane surakSita rakhA, jinhoMne usake prati apanI niSThA dikhAI thii| gaMgA-yamunA kI pratimA tathA pAlI-dhvaja kA dhAraka hone para use bar3A garva thaa| satyAzraya, zrI pRthvIvallabha, mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara tathA zrI vallabha Adi rAja upAdhiyA~ use bahuta priya thiiN| apanI isa vijaya meM use apane putra rAjakumAra vijayAditya tathA bhAI jayasiMha kA acchA sAtha milaa| ___ vinayAditya kA zAsanakAla samRddhi tathA zAMti se paripUrNa thaa| kamera (kaMboDiyA), pArAsika (paraziyA) tathA siMhala rAjAoM ne usake sAmane apanI adhInatA kA prastAva rkhaa| ALupoM tathA seMdrakoM ne usakI sattA svIkArI aura ve usake mAMDalika bne| vikramAditya kA jaba rAjAbhiSeka huA to usakI Ayu kAphI ho cukI thii| vikramAditya, jisameM apane pitA kI sahAyatA kI thI tathA uttara bhArata ke abhiyAna meM apane zaurya kA pradarzana kiyA thA, bAdAmI ke zAsana meM usane apekSA se adhika laMbI pArI khelI thii| - niravadha upanAma udayadeva paMDita jaise jaina AcArya vikramAditya ke AdhyAtmika mArgadezaka the| usakI putrI tathA ALupA ke rAjakumAra kI patnI rAjakumArI kuMkuma mahAdevI jaina dharma kI ka ra anuyAyI thii| puligere AnesajjayA basati kA bhAra usa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #65
22 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya para sauMpA gayA thaa| vinayAditya ne I.sa.709 meM AnesajjayA basati tathA I.sa. 729 meM jaina dharmaguru udayadeva paMDita jI ko anudAna diyA thaa| , kula milAkara vinayAditya kA zAsanakAla (681-96) samRddha tathA zAMtipUrNa thaa| usake zAsanakAla meM saMskRta, kannaDa, telugu bhASA ko protsAhana milaa| cAlukya rAjavaMza meM to yaha Ama bAta thI ki pitA ke yuddhAbhiyAna meM nAte riztedAra sahayoga evaM sahAyatA pradAna kiyA karate the| vikramAditya prathama ke putra tathA prapautra kramazaH vinayAditya aura vijayAditya ne paravartI vijayoM meM bhAga liyaa| isI prakAra vijayAditya aura usake paramavIra putra vikramAditya dvitIya ne sahAyatA kI thI aura paramezrvaravarmana dvitIya ko parAjita kiyA aura phira kAMcipura para. AkramaNa kiyaa| ___ vAstava meM rAjA vijayAditya ne (696-733) I.sa. 708 meM AnesejjayA' basatI, jisakI khoja usakI choTI bahana ne puligere meM kI thI, ko anudAna diyA thA jisakA ullekha kisI ekabaMdha meM kiyA gayA thaa| vijayAditya kI priya upAdhi niravadya paMDita ke pArzva meM bhI jainadharma kI hI pRSThabhUmi thii| niravadya paMDita upanAma udayadeva paMDita vinayAditya ke AdhyAtmika guru the| 729 meM raNarasika vijayAditya ne viravadya paMDita ko anudAna diyA thaa| isa prakAra pitA putra donoM ne apane apane kAla meM jainamuni tathA vidvAna paMDita niravadya ko gaurava pradAna kiyA thaa| rAjakumAroM kI taraha cAlukyoM kI rAjakumAriyoM ne bhI jaina dharma ke pracAra prasAra ke lie vizeSa sahAyatA pahaMcAyI thii| vikramAditya dvitIya (733-44) 'vIrasUrya' ne pallavoM ke virudhda tIna yuddha ldd'e| jaba vaha yuvarAja thA taba usane paramezvarama kI rAjadhAnI kAMci nagarI para gaMga rAjA zrI purUSa ke putra ereyyA (ereyappA) kI sahAyatA se AkramaNa kiyaa| vichasDe ke raktapipAsu yuddha meM zrIpuruSa ne paramezvaravarmana ko mArakara 'zveta-chatra' ke sAtha-sAtha 'peramAnaDI' (pavitra pAdukA) yaha zAhI bIruda chIna liyA thaa| jo gaMga rAjA kI atyaMta priya upAdhi meM se eka thii| peramAnaDI aura ireyAtiyaDI kA artha eka samAna hai| cAlukyoM ne apanA vinAzI pratirodha kAyama rakhA aura apane daloM ko tuMDakaviSaya ke aMdara jAne ke lie uksaayaa| vikramAditya ne apane sAmaMta gaMga zrI puruSa ke sAtha milakara pallavoM ke adhipatya ko chedate hue tathA zatru-deza ko saphalatA se rauMdate hue naMdipotavarmana pallavamalla ko I.sa. 740 ke AkramaNa meM parAjita kiyaa| apanI jIta ko mukuTa pahanAne ke lie usane parAjita pallavoM se kaTumukha-vAditra tathA samudraghoSa kI rAja mudrAe~, do asAdhAraNa saMgIta vAdyayaMtra, khaTavAMga For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #66
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 23 hAthI kA bainara, aura rubI meM jaDe kaI mUlyavAna ratna chIna lie| vijetA cAlukya rAjA ne parAjitoM se vizAla hRdaya se vyavahAra kiyaa| usane rAjasiMhezvara maMdira tathA logoM kI lUTa kA sArA mAla vApasa kara aura pallavoM kA rAjasiMhAsana naMdivarma ke lie surakSita kara vaha bAdAmI vApasa lauttaa| pallavoM kI rAjadhAnI kAMci ke kailAsanAtha maMdira ke eka stambha para isa zreSTha kArya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jisase cAlukyoM kA kada aura bhI adhika u~cA utthaa| vikramAditya kA pallavoM ke khajAne ko vApasa lauTAne kA udAratA pUrNa kArya eka jJAnI zAsaka hone kA hI jIvaMta udAharaNa hai| isake bAda phira kIrtivarma ne pallavarAjA ke viruddha yuddhAbhiyAna kiyA aura usameM usane bhI vijaya prApta kii| kiMtu paravartiyoM ko zAMti sthApita karane ke lie hAthI, suvarNa, tathA javAharAtoM kI bhArI qImata cukAnI pdd'ii| avanijanAzraya pulakezi, gujarAta cAlukya vaMza ke rAjA tathA vikramAditya ke cAkaroM ne tAjikoM (araba) ko ' araboM ko dabAne ke lie, majabUra kiyA tathA dakSiNa meM ghUsane se roka diyaa| vikramAditya ke yuga kalpa ko maMdiroM kI dIvAroM para utkIrNita kiyA gayA thaa| usane khaMDa-sphuTita-jIrNoddhAra meM vizeSa ruci lI thii| . vijayAditya kA putra tathA uttarAdhikArI vikramAditya dvitiya (733-44) ne I.sa. 733-34 meM puligere ke dhavala jinAlaya ko anudAna diyA thaa| puligere sAmrAjya kA eka mahatvapurNa kSetra, jaina maMdiroM kA keMdra sthAna aura samRddha maMdira thaa| unameM se kucha pramukha jinamaMdiroM kA ullekha zilAlekhoM meM huA hai| paravartI cAlukyoM ke zAsana kAla meM coLoM dvArA AnesejjayA basati tathA dhavala jinAlaya sameta sabhI jaina maMdiroM ko naSTa kiyA gayA thaa| vidyamAna do jaina maMdira, cAhe jinake nAma prAcIna kyoM na ho para saMbhavataH prAcIna jaina maMdiroM kI racanA kA hI pratirUpa hai, jinakA nirmANa gyArahavIM sadI ke madhya kiyA gayA thaa| puligere belavola 300 kI rAjadhAnI thii| usake pAsa kA hI eka zahara aNNigere bhI mahatvapUrNa zaharoM meM se thA, jahA~ jainoM kA upaniveza thaa| 751-52 ke eka staMbha para utkIrNita lekha meM jeburaLageri ke adhikArI kalimayyA dvArA aNNigere meM eka caitya, jainamaMdira ke banavAne kA ullekha hai| rAjA vikramAditya ne jaba raktapura meM par3Ava DAlA thA taba usane jina kI prArthanA karane ke lie jamIna dAna meM dI thii| raktapura (arthAta kisuvoLala arthAta paTTadakala) jainoM ke mahatvapUrNa prArthanA maMdiroM meM se eka hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #67
24 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya vikramAditya dvitIya kA putra kIrtivarma (745-57) tathA rAnI lokamahAdevI cAlukya rAja siMhAsana ke uttarAdhikArI bneN| vAtApI ke zAsakoM kI paMkti meM Ane vAlA vaha AkharI zAsaka thaa| usane yuvarAja ke rUpa meM pallavoM para AkramaNa ke daurAna apanI vIratA siddha kI thii| naMdivarma ko usane aisI dhUla caTAyI ki use bhAgane para vivaza honA pdd'aa| phira usane hAthI tathA javAharAta Adi apane kabje meM le liye aura use apane pitA ko upahAra svarupa diyaa| __usake zAsana kAla kA prathama dazaka zAMtipUrNa thaa| usake bAda jo bhI huA vaha usakI prabhusattA ke viruddha haa| jisase sAmrAjya kA khAtmA hI hone lgaa| pallavoM ke viruddha lagAtAra yuddhoM ke durAgraha se rAjanItika teja hI naSTa ho gyaa| duzmana, jo aMdhere meM ghAta lagAkara baiThe the aura avasara kI tAka meM the, se nirbala rAjataMtra kA zoSaNa hone lgaa| ALUpa rAjapAla Aluvarasa dvitIya ne vidroha kiyA aura pallavoM ke naMdivarmana se hAtha milAkara, udayacaMdra ke netRtva meM senA abhiyAna meM sahabhAgitA kii| usake zAsanakAla ke daurAna jaisA ki pahale ullekha kiyA gayA hai, aNNigerI meM jina ko samarpita maMdira banAne ko utprerita kiyaa| kIrtivarma dvitIya (744-55) ke kAryakAla meM dhArmika-sAMskRtika gatividhiyA~ kAphI mAtrA meM huA karatI thii| gaMga ke mAMDalika zrIparuSa nai kIrtivarma ke prati apanI niSThA dikhAI thii| svAmI tathA sevaka ne lagAtAra cAra bAra chApA mArA para cauthI bAra kA chApA aziSTa siddha haa| aba virodhiyoM kI bArI thI aura ve bhI jaise ko taisA kI sIkha dene ke lie taiyAra the| veNabai ke paM / rAjA mAravarmana rAjasiMha prathama (730-65) ne cAlukyoM kI senA daloM ko pachADa diyaa| lekina dilacaspa bAta yaha thI ki yaha mAravarmana rAjasiMha ke putra jaTila parAMtaka neDuMjaDiyana (756-815) kA vivAha gaMga kI rAjakumArI ke sAtha saMpanna huA aura eka maitrIpUrNa vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa huaa| kiMtu phira bhI AThavIM sadI ke madhya meM rAjanItika riktatA ko dekhA gyaa| cAlukyoM kI icchAnusAra jaba sabakucha cala hI rahA thA ki tabhI AThavIM sadI ke uttarArdha meM eka aura svadezI zakti ke purutthAna kA saMketa hone lgaa| rASTrakUToM kI mAnapura zAkhA ko cauthI tathA AThavIM sadI ke madhya prAraMbhika saphalatA to milI kiMtu ve Tikakara nahIM raha paayii| isakA kAraNa thA naloM tathA mauryoM kI durAgrahI cubhana tathA cAlukyoM kA bhISaNa aakrmnn| sAmrAjya ne jo yaza For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #68
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 25 pAyA aura saMjoyA thA vaha saba dhvasta huA aura lagabhaga do sau sAla kI laMbI avadhi ke lie vAtApI rAjA kI dIpti ko grahaNa lgaa| kiMtu rASTrakuTa to aMdhere meM ghAta lagAkara baiThe the apane rAjanItika pAMDitya tathA joza se pratighAta karane yogya avasara kI pratIkSA kara rahe the aura rASTrakUToM se eka gaMbhIra aisA vAra ho hI gyaa| rAjanItika hor3a meM rAjadhAnI para kabjA karane, usakI kalaI karane tathA usakA kAyAkalpa karane tathA svataMtra hone ke lie daMtidurga ne cAlukyoM ko kucala hI diyaa| rASTrakUToM ke rAjakumAra daMtidurga ne (735-36) vikramAditya dvitIya se usake pratiSThita biruda pRthvIvallabha tathA khaDagavaloka chIna lie ge| navasArI tathA bAdAmI kI pramukha zAkhA ke cAlukyoM kA damana kiyA, kIrtivarma ko hatAza kiyaa| jAhira hai ki AvazyakatA kAnUna nahIM jaantii| jaba rASTrakUToM kA sUraja camaka rahA thA tabhI phasala bhI kATanI Avazyaka thii| ataH daMtidurga ke cAcA kRSNa prathama ne (756-74) kIrtivarma ko harAyA aura cAlukyoM kI rAjadhAnI ko luuttaa| . ucita daMDa dene hetu, pratikAra ke lie dvAroM ko khulA dekhakara unhoMne bAdAmI cAlukyoM kA damana karane ke lie puruSocita AghAta kiyA aura mahAna rASTrakuTa sAmrAjya ke lie zubha zakuna hI huaa| AThavIM sadI ke uttarArdha meM bAdAmI kA prabhAva khatma huA aura unake sAre rAjataMtra ko nae sAmrAjya meM vilIna kara diyA gayA jisase dakSiNa meM eka ananya mahAsAmrAjya kA nirmANa huaa| . kIrtivarmana dvitIya (745-87) cAlukyoM kA aMtima pratinidhi zAsaka thaa| usake zAsana ke aMta meM rASTrakUToM ne bAhubala juTAyA thaa| daMtidurga ne yaha siddha kiyA ki cAlukyoM kA murgA aba kabhI nahIM lddegaa| usane apanA lohA siddha kiyA aura gurjara, kosala tathA kaliMga rAjAoM kA damana kiyaa| isa prakAra daMtidurga ne kIrtivarmana ke hAtha bAMdhe aura cAlukyoM kI rAjyazrI chInakara, unakA rAjasiMhAsana khAlI kara, svayaM ko prabhusattAsaMpanna zaktizAlI rAjA ke rUpa meM ghoSita kiyaa| ___ rASTrakUToM ke lie aMdhere se nikalakara samRddhi taka pahu~cane ke ve prAraMbhika dina the ataH cAlukyoM ko upekSita rAjanItika avasthA meM pratIkSArata rahanA lAjamI thaa| cAlukyoM kA adhyAya yahIM khatma nahIM huA thaa| kucha samaya ke lie bhAgya kA cakra ulaTA ghUmA thA aura viDaMbanA yaha thI ki phira unheM apanI bArI ke lie lagabhaga do zatAbdiyoM taka ajJAtavAsa meM rahanA pdd'aa| tathApi cAlukyoM kA rAjanItikasAmAjika vyaktitva ekadama se khatma huaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #69
26 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya usa samaya cAlukya sAmrAjya dakSiNa ke vizAla sAmrAjyoM meM se eka thaa| ve utkRSTa aise saMvardhaka karNadhAra the aura yaha usa jamIna kI saMskRti kI jaise dena thI jo rASTrakUToM ko pramukhatA se virAsata meM milI thii| sakala karnATa deza unake udAra zveta chatra ke nIce lAyA gyaa| kalA, zilpakalA tathA sAmAjika-sAMskRtika kSetra unakA ciraRNI rhegaa| unakI upalabdhiyA~ unake prabhusattA kI sAMskRtika dharohara hI rhii| unake prazraya meM cAlukyoM ne jaina saMgha tathA zilpakalA ke vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA adA kii| sarvadeziya sAMskRtika keMdra ke pratikUla meM jahA~ kalA, zilpakalA tathA sAhitya kA pracura mAtrA meM saMrakSaNa ho rahA thA aura jaina dharma ke sAtha-sAtha anya dharmoM kA bhI eka sAtha vikAsa ho rahA thA, aise samaya sahiSNutA banAe rakhane meM cAlukyoM kA bahuta baDA hAtha thaa| purAtAtvika tathA zilAlekhiya sAkSya yahI batAte haiM ki tatkAlIna AbAdI kA eka bahuta bar3A hissA jainoM se samAviSTa thaa| adhika mAtrA meM upalabdha zilAlekhiya tathya yahI batAte hai ki isa avadhi meM kalA, zilpakalA tathA sAhitya ko jainiyoM ne vizeSa rUpa se protsAhita kiyaa| utkIrNita lekhoM meM rAjataMtroM ke zAsana kA hamezA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo ina smArakoM se saMbaMdhita the| rAjadhAnI se dUra maMdira kA uttaradAyitva hamezA sthAnIya mAMDalikoM, unake parivAravAloM tathA vyApAriyoM para thaa| jaina kalA kA vistAra abhivyakti kI eka nayI . * dhArA kA anveSaNa kara rahA thA aura mUrtikalA kI paraMparA kI racanA kara rahA thaa| jaina kalA, rAja parivAroM ke saMrakSaNa meM poSita hokara tIvra gati se vikasita ho rahI thI aura cAlukya ke sAmrAjya ke nagaroM tathA zaharoM meM raca-basa gaI thii| bhAratIya sA~ce meM jaina zilpoM tathA pratimAoM ne AMdolana kA kAyAkalpa kiyaa| Adi kadaMbavADI tathA gaMgavADI ko jaba sAtha sAtha rakhate hai to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina zilpoM me cAlukya atyaMta samRddha the| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #70
Kudavad sedan Alampur MURNI ayetle Slobhil HOSPET Hung und Bhadrendyahan Jaya HOSPET For Personal & Private Use Only * Baccanaguda BELLARY Malo didelifia A Bidani OSISRI Sandur Naranel Banavisi ang apat menargret algert | 27 A Phase 1 Phase IH Kuntaladesa and Vengidesa : Calukya Sites Phases I and II (courtesy: EITA)

Page #71
AMERASSSS N ETRANSMIS DESIRSIRAHA adhyAya cAra NROKARTRICT sAmaMtazAhI prastAvanA zAhI sAmrAjyoM kA sAmaMtoM tathA choTe rAjavaMzoM para apanA svAmitva jatAne kI pravRti kA sAvadhAnI se parikSaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| saca hai ki cAlukyoM kA zAsanakAla bhAratIya itihAsa ke vRtAMta meM atyaMta vaiziSTyapUrNa rahA hai aura yaha bhI utanA hI satya hai ki unake mAmatoM kI bhUmikA kA bhI vizeSa ullekha honA bhI jarUrI hai| rAjA kA prabhutva to hotA thA para ve zAsana nahIM kiyA karate the| ata: unake adhikRta mAtahatI sAmaMtoM ko vibhinna vibhAgoM kA prabhArI banA diyA jAtA thA tAki ve usa viziSTa kSetra ko niyaMtrita rakhakara zAsana kreN| prAMtIya rAjapAla rAjAoM kA pratinidhitva kiyA karate the| ata: unake pAsa zAsakIya zakti huA karatI thii| sAmaMtazAhI rAjAoM kI sammati hone ke kAraNa sAre sAmaMta rAjA kI marjI se hI cune jAte the| mahAmaMDalezvara aura mahAsAmaMta samAna hI hote the, jo rAjAoM ko viziSTa pradeza tathA sAmrAjya ke adhikAriyoM kI zreNIbaddhatA meM Ane vAle mahAmaMDalezvara isa zabda kA yahI arthabodha hotA hai ki vaha vyakti maMDaloM kI dekhabhAla karanevAlA anubhavI pramukha sAmaMta hotA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #72
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 29 thaa| sAmaMtoM ne kaI bAra aisA mahasUsa kiyA ki unakA alipta rahanA asaMbhava hai aura rAjanItika laDAI jhagaDe kI daladala meM khIMca liyA jAtA thaa| ___mAMDalika tathA sAmaMta kramazaH mahAmAMDalika tathA mahAsAmaMta ke choTe rUpa hI the| aMgrejI ke rAyala, Dyuka, pAlaTina, Adi zabda cAhe prazAsanika pramukha kA artha dete haiM kiMtu inameM se koI bhI zabda mAMDalika kA sahI artha nahIM grahaNa kara sktaa| phira bhI kisI taraha itihAsa meM ina zabdoM kA prayoga hotA AyA haiM aura Aja taka ve zabda prayoga meM haiN| ___ maMDala, viSaya tathA nADu bhI eka-samAna artha dete haiM aura unakI tulanA Adhunika jile kI parikalpanA ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| tathApi maMDala, viSaya tathA nADa kA sImA kSetra choTA-bar3A ho sakatA hai| viSayAdhikaraNa upanAma viSayAdhipati maMDalipati ke sAdRzya thaa| beLavola viSaya tathA sAMtaLiganADu cAlukya sAmrAjya kA hI hissA thaa| dehAta prazAsana kI choTI sI IkAI gA~va thA aura grAmabhogika (gAmuMDa tathA karaNika ke samAna) isa ikAI kA prabhArI thaa| mahAjanoM kI sAmUhika ikAI para hara samudAya ke bujurgoM se banI thI isameM vyApArI saMgaThana bhI milA thA jo logoM kI surakSA tathA kalyANa kA vAdA karatA thaa| * yuddha tathA zAMti ke daurAna cAlukyoM, sAmaMtoM tathA mAMDalika ne apane svAmiyoM ke prati niSThA rakhI aura sahayoga bhI diyaa| cAlukyoM kI rAjapratiSThA kA adhigrahaNa aura punaHadhigrahaNa saphalatA se prApta karane kA rahA hai| tatkAlIna karnATabala kI . zakti itanI teja aura tIkSNa thI ki usakA anaMta aura ajeya kahakara varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake lie sAmaMti daloM kI bhUmikA ko dhanyavAda denA hogaa| unhoMne nae udIyamAna sAmrAjya ko phUlane phalane hetu eka surakSita chatra diyaa| sAmaMta rAjAoM ke. daloM ne zAhI cAlukyoM kI senA kA jo harAvala (senA) taiyAra kiyA vaha kAphI buddhigrAhya thaa| ataH unakI bhUmikA kI pahacAna karanA Avazyaka hai aura eka choTI sI bAta ko rekhAMkita karanA ho to yahI ki usa yuga ke sabhI sAmaMtoM kI rAjabhASA kannar3a thI aura yaha bhI noTa karanA Avazyaka hai ki adhikatara sAmaMta jainadharma meM vizvAsa karate the| 4 a) ALUpa sAmaMta rAjavaMzoM tathA prAcIna yoddhA ALupoM ne ALuvakheDa yA tuLunADu (dakSiNa kenarA) pradezoM para cauthI zatAbdi ke pUrvArdha se lekara caudahavIM ke uttarArdha taka zAsana kiyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #73
30 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya yaha rAjavaMza inase bhI bahuta purAnA hai; kAraNa, grIka bhUvijJAnI (150) ne ALuvakheDa kA olokhoyara ke nAma se ullekha kiyA thaa| isake alAvA pazupati, prasiddha halmaDi meM utkIrNita zilAlekha meM jisakA nAma AtA hai, ALupAgaNa se hI juDA thA jo ki kadaMboM para Azrita thaa| __cAlukyoM ke sAmaMtoM meM ALupoM ne utanA hI sammAna kA sthAna pAyA jitanA ki gaMgoM ne rASTrakUToM ke zAsanakAla meM pAyA thaa| citravAhana prathama (680-730) cAlukyoM ke rAjataMtra kI saMpannatA kA sAdhana thaa| cAlukya rAjyAbhivRddhi hetubhuutH| ziggAva se tAmrapatra para usake unnata vyaktitva kA isa prakAra varNana kiyA gayA haisakala loka vidita mhaaprbhaavH| usake ananya asAdhAraNa tyAga aura audArya ke kAraNa citravAhana kA sAmrAjya para vizeSa prabhAva thaa| mahArAjA vijayAditya ? ke yuddhoM meM usake sAmaMta citravAhana ke ojasvI bhUmikA kI bhUrI bhUrI prazaMsA zilAlekhoM meM aMkita hai| svakaratala vidhRtanitrizaM-saMghAta-vitrasta-viziryamANAnekaripunRpati-matta-mAtaMga saMghAtaH ne matta gajoM arthAta zatru rAjAoM ko apane camakate khaDga se parAjita kiyaa| jisase citravAhana ko rAjA kA dAmAda banane kA sammAna . diyA gayA thaa| ziggA~va kA tAmrapatra citravAhana kA varNana isa prakAra karatA haiM, "pAM tamalata kulaM alaMkuravANa" arthAta jisane nirmala pATTakula ko suzobhita kiyaa| mAnaka - aitihAsika vivaraNa ke anusAra bhUtAla, pATTa vaMza paraMparA ke jo govA, karnATaka aura kerala sameta pazcimI ghATa para vizeSa rUpa se phUlI-phalI isa para vistAra se vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| itihAsakAra mAnate haiM ki uparyukta rAjavaMzoM ne dakSiNa kenarA meM aLiya-saMtAna-kaTTa tathA kerala meM marumakattAyama prathA kI zurUvAta kii| bhale hI unakI vaMza paraMparA para rahasya kI cAdara oDhA dI gaI ho phira bhI unakA krama nimnalikhita hai (jaya) bhUtala pAMDUya -78-152 vidyamna pAMDUya-153-229 vIra pAMDUya -230-62 citravIrya pAMDUya -263-81 ' devavIra pAMDUya-282-316 jayavIrA pAMDUya-317-43 uparyukta sUcI meM citravIrya aura vIra pAMNDyu ke nAma ALapAoM ke samAna vaMza For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #74
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 31 paraMparA kA smaraNa karAte haiN| isa prakAra pAMDUyoM kI paraMparAoM ke garbha meM itihAsa kA bIja dhAraNa karatI haiM aura buddhi bhI paraMparAoM kI vaidhatA kA punaHvicAra karane kI sammati detI haiN| isa prakAra rAjanItika nakze para ALupAoM kA Agamana bhUtaloM ke turaMta bAda huA thaa| pAMDUya rAjavaMza isameM vilIna ho gyaa| tathApi banavAsI ke pUrvavartI kadaMba ravivarma (485-519) ke prakaTa rUpa se adhInastha ho ge| bAda meM bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM kI adhirAjatA ko AlUpyoM ne sNbhaalaa| mahAkUTa meM sthita maMgaleza (610-42) ke stambha lekha aura 634 meM aihoLe meM khyAtanAma jaina kavi ravikIrti dvArA saMracita purAlekhoM meM yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki ALupAoM kA parivAra adhInastha parivAroM meM se eka thaa| tathApi yaha eka rivAja ho gayA thA ki ALupAoM kA vaMza-vRkSa AluvarasA prathama (650-63) se khojate khojate jAya, jo adhipati vikramAditya kA ativizvAsapAtra sAmaMta thaa| vaha alUvakheDa (tuLunADu), kadaMba maMDala aura saMtaroM ke pombukA pradeza kA vAyasarAya thA kadaMba maMgaleza kI paTarAnI alavarasA kI putrI thii| tAmrapatra para aMkita lekha ke anusAra ALuvarasA mAruTUru se guMTura jile meM sthita kallUra ke abhiyAna para apane sAmaMtAdhipati kI prArthanA se jA rahA thA ki I.sa. 663 meM ati thakAna ke kAraNa mRtyumukhI par3a gyaa| AlUpA IDevoLala tathA toramAra viSaya ke pramukha the| ALuvakheDa 6000 kI prasiddha ukti pahalI bAra rASTrakUToM ke zAsanakAla meM avatarita ho rahI thii| jo tuLunADu pradeza kA bodha karAtI hai| iMdapayyA ko ALuvakheDa 6000 jile kA prabhArI banAyA gyaa| isa aitihAsika tathya ke alAvA kucha bhI rikArDa tuLudeza ke rASTrakUToM se nahIM aayaa| tuLunADu aura AlUpA eka hI sikke ke do pahalU the| lagAtAra bAraha zatAbdiyoM taka unhoMne ALupAoM kI kaptAnI se jvAra-bhATe ko dekhA thaa| isa prakAra ALupAoM kA itihAsa hI tuLunADu kA itihAsa hai| ___ taba bhI ALupAoM kA krama rAjA AlUpeMdra tathA rAnI mahAdevI ke putra rAjakumAra citravAhana (680-730) ke Agamana se cauMkA denevAlA thA, jisane chaH dazaka se bhI adhika laMbI avadhi taka zAsana kiyaa| usane ALupAoM ke aitihAsika vRttAtaM meM eka svarNima adhyAya kA zubhAraMbha kiyA aura usane pAMNDyoM ke vidroha ko rokakara apane adhipati kI prazaMsA arjita kii| citravAhana ko muktahasta se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| samrATa vijayAditya kI choTI bahana kuMkuma mahAdevI se usakA vivAha huaa| citravAhana ne apane pitA ke samAna kadaMba maMDala tathA poMbucca rAja para zAsana kiyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #75
32 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya citravAhana tathA kuMkuma mahAdevI ke putra immaDI aLuvarasa (730-65) ke kAryakAla meM prabhusattA ke sAtha sAtha saMbaMdhoM ke bIca kA sauhArda bhI.khatma huaa| cAlukyoM ne manamuTAva ke kAraNa, ALupAoM kA kadaMba maMDala tathA poMbucca bhAga se haTA diyaa| isa dveSa ne eka dUsare ko toDa diyA aura hatAza ALupA kAMcipura ke pallavoM ke sAmaMta bne| ___ tathApi, AluvarasA dvitIya ke nidhana ne zatrutA ko daphanAyA aura punaH donoM ke madhya maitrI saMbadha nirmANa hue| usake putroM, citravAhana dvitIya (765-800) aura raNasAgara (765-805) ko poMbucca tathA tuLunADu kA prabhArI banAyA gyaa| cAlukya tathA rASTrakUToM ke raktaraMjita yuddha meM donoM bhAI tathA citravAhana ke dvitIya putra zvetavAhana ne apane prANa ga~vA die| jora-jabaradastI se ALUpa vijayI rASTrakUToM ke sAmaMta bane aura goviMdA tRtIya ke zAsanakAla meM poMbujA ko hamezA ke lie diyaa| udayapura (udyAvara), maMgalApura (maMgalUra), paTTi poMbuccapura (hombuja, humacA) aura banavAsI pUrvI ALupAoM tathA ALupAoM ke mahatvapUrNa zahara the| sAMtaroM aura ALupAoM tathA ALupoM aura cAlukyoM ke madhya vivAha Adi pracalita the| vidyamAna . smAraka yaha darzAtA hai ki poMbucA ke jaina smArakoM ke pUrva nirmAtA AlUpA the aura isake vaiziSTya kA zreya citrAvAhana kI paTTamahiSI kuMkuma mahAdevI ko jAtA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki bogAra basadI tathA hoMbujA meM vidyamAna aMbikA kI do prAcIna - pratimAoM ko banavAne kA kArya ALupAoM se hI kiyA gayA thaa| / jIvana ke utAra caDhAva ke madhya ALupAoM ne lagabhaga 1200 varSoM ke laMbe samaya taka zAsana kiyaa| kabhI svataMtra rUpa se aura jyAdAtAra adhinastha rahakara saMbhavataH bhAratIya itihAsa kA yaha sabase adhika laMbA kAla rahA hai| unhoMne rAjanItika mukuTa kA sUtrapAta kadaMboM se bahuta pahale se hI kara liyA thA aura kadaMboM, gaMgoM, cAlukyoM, rASTrakUToM, kalacuriyoM, zaNoM tathA hoyasaLoM kA utthAna-patana bhI dekhA thaa| 4 A) bANa vaMza___ bANa, prAcIna rAjavaMzoM meM se eka haiM, jinhoMne kolAra jile ke kaI bhAgoM tumakura jile kA kucha bhAga aura gUtI aura jammalamaDagu kSetra ko sameTatA turamaraviSaya Adi para zAsana kiyaa| jo AMdhradeza ke anaMtapura jile se jur3e hue the| eka bAra to unakA kSetra karnUla jile meM zrIparvata taka khIMca gayA thaa| unake dvArA zAsita pradeza ko eLuvare-lakSa nADu arthAt sADhe sAta lAkha kA pradeza kahA jAtA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #76
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 33 hai| prAcIna tamila, saMskRta tathA prAkRta kRtiyoM meM (vartamAna yuga pAMcavIM sadI) bANoM kA saMdarbha AtA hai| ilaMgoM-aDigala dvArA racita tamila kavitA zilpAdigAraM meM baNoM kA ullekha huA hai| sarvanaMdI kA lokavibhAga' (458 pAMcavIM sadI)brahmAMDa darzana para AdhArita nigraMtha ko mUlataH prAkRta meM pATalika (tiruppATirippuliyUra arkoTa jile ke uttara) meM likhA gayA thaa| jisameM bANoM ke bAre meM jAnakArI dI gaI thii| 800 sAla ke laMbe itihAsa meM sAtavAhanoM se lekara vijayanagara taka bANa sAmaMta the| sAmaMtoM ke nirgamana ke bAda ve pallavoM ke prabhAva meM A ge| pA~cavI sadI meM marugarenADu tathA chaThI sadI meM pudalanADu rASTra para sAtavIM sadI meM turamAra veMganUra viSaya aura AThavIM sadI meM (gutti) kaivArA viSaya para ve zAsana kara rahe the| kucha samaya ke lie bANoM ko kadaMboM kI bhI sahAyatA karanI pdd'ii| jaba ve mayurAzrama (kadaMbakulakA mUlapurUSa) se hAra ge| kiMtu zIghra hI bANa gaMgoM ke pramukha sAmaMta bne| mAdhava prathama se lekara gaMgoM ke zAsana ke aMta taka, bANa unake niSThAvAna sevaka bane raheM aura unase sauhArda banAe rkhaa| banavAsI pani sira tathA gaMgavADI toMbataarusAsirA kI ukti ke sadRza 950 meM mulabAgilu (kolAra jilA) ke purAlekha meM bAnaravADi pani sira (arthAt bANavADI 12000) kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| - bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM ke zAsana ke daurAna bANoM ne svecchA se gaMgoM ko sahAyatA pahu~cAyI jo unake pahale rAjA the| ullekhanIya hai ki ve pulakezI dvitIya ke sAtha khaDe raheM jaba vaha cAlukyoM ke siMhAsana para svayaM ko sthApita karane ke lie maMgaleza se laDA thA jo ki usakA vidhisaMgata dAvA thaa| pulakezi ko apane sainya kA samarthana dekara bANa usake dakSiNa ke abhiyAna meM juDa ge| phira ve vikramAditya prathama kI sahAyatA ke lie dauDa par3e jaba paravartiyoM ne pallavoM ke viruddha yuddha ghoSita kiyaa| bANoM kA pramukha bhUvikrama bANa vidyAdhara baDe joza se lar3A aura kaI sthAnoM para pallavoM ke daloM ko dhUla caTAI mahAbhaTa vikramAditya gauMDa kI nirbhIkatA se khuza hokara bANa vidyAdhara ne use kolAra jilA tathA tAlUkA kA eka gA~va bidarUsa baziza meM de diyaa| jaba rASTrakUToM ne cAlukyoM kA damana kiyA taba bANoM ne apanI sArvabhaumikatA dikhaaii| jabaki isake bilkula viparIta zAhI rASTrakUToM ke kAla meM gaMgoM tathA baNoM ke bIca sauhArda khatma ho cukA thaa| naMdI meM sthita bhoganaMdezvara maMdira baNoM kA utkRSTa smAraka hai| bana rAjA kI paTarAnI ratnAvatI dvArA isa mahAna maMdira kA zikhara banavAyA gayA thaa| rASTrakUToM ke patana ke bAda gulabargA jile ke kALagI vibhAga ke khAMDava For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #77
34 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya maMDala ke prabhArI bibbarasa tathA goNakarasa ko choDakara rAjanItika paridRzya se bANa bhI jaise gAyaba ho ge| ___ bANoM kA rAjacihna thA vRSabhA mahAvalI, mahAbalI, mahAvalI, brahata bANa Adi bANoM ke pArivAra ke bhinna nAma the| gaMga rAjA zrIpurUSa ke zAsana meM marugare-viSaya para bANoM ne apanI pakaDa kho dI tathA kelloM ke siyagellA marugare (arthAt marukara) ke pradeza para zAsana kara rahA thaa| sagara (maNalerA) parivAra ke rAjakumAra maruvarma kA putrI rAjakumArI kuMDAccI, niguMDa pradeza para zAsana karanevAlA bANa rAjA niguMDarAja upanAma paraMgUla kI mahArAnI thii| kuMDAkkI jina kI kaTTara bhakta thI, jise zrIpura ke lokatilaka jinAlaya kA Ayukta niyukta kiyA gayA thaa| ukta maMdira vizva stara ke utkRSTa maMdiroM meM se eka hai| paraMguLa upanAma pRthvI niguMdarAja ke anunaya vinaya para, prasiddha zrIpurUSa (725-88) jaba maNNe (mAnyapura) vijayAbhiyAna kara rahA thA taba lokatilaka jinAlaya meM jina kI pUjA Adi ke lie ponnaLLi grAma, upajAu jamIna, makAna tathA jamIna (nivezana) Adi dAna meM diyA thaa| (A History of Early Ganga Monarchy and Jainism-1999:22-23). 4. i) bhoja (bhojaka) bhojoM kA ullekha pahale Rgveda (II 3.7) meM aura usake bAda aittariya brAhmaNa meM hai| yaha vaMza dakSiNa kA hai| purANoM meM yaha bhI darja hai ki bhoja, sAtavAtoM ke sAtha bhI jur3e hue the jo mahAbhAratakAlIna prAcIna jAti (kula) se saMbaMdhita the aura Adhunika madhyapradeza meM rahA karate the| paraMparA se bhoja haihayA kI pA~ca zAkhAoM meM se eka the| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne apane mahAkAvya raghuvaMza meM yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki bhoja vidarbha kA rAjA thaa| jaina sAhitya meM bhI bhojoM kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki bhoja vidarbha kA rAjA thaa| jaina sAhitya meM bhojoM kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki RSabhadeva ke kAla meM bhoja sammAnita kSatriya (yoddhA) the| rAjakumArI rAjamati jo yuvarAja nemInAtha (22 veM tIrthaMkara) kI patnI hone vAlI thI, isa parivAra meM hI janmI thii| saMkSepa meM, bhojoM kI aitihAsikatA para vicAra karate samaya, jo azoka ke abhilekhoM meM mahAbhoja ke rUpa meM pahacAne jAte the, dakSiNa meM Adi kadaMba tathA bAdAmI rAjAoM ke zAsanakAla meM pramukha rUpa se ubhara kara Ate haiN| bhoja adhinastha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #78
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 35 adhikArI the jo mukhyatayA govA tathA koMkaNa pradeza ke prabhArI the| rAjA kAkutsthavarma (435-55) ke zAsana kAla meM bhoja pahalI bAra najara Ate haiM, jisane apane jaina senApati ko paravartiyoM ke sAhasa kArya, jisase pUrvavartiyoM kI jAna baca gayI thI kI khAtira purukheTaka grAma dAna meM de diyA thaa| ___ karnATaka deza ke choTe bar3e rAjavaMzoM ke itihAsa meM AnevAle, sammAnita senApatiyoM kI paMkti meM zrutikirti (lagabhaga pA~cavI sadI ke madhya ) sabase prAcIna khyAtanAma senApati rahA hai| rocaka bAta yaha hai ki saMyoga se yaha surakSA adhikArI jaina thaa| purukheTaka grAma-dAna ke saMdarbha meM yaha bAta ullekhanIya hai ki isa anudAna kA samaya samaya para punaHnavIkaraNa kara diyA jAtA thaa| AdikadaMboM ke rAjA zAMtivarma aura usake putra mRgezavarma donoM grAma datti (grAma-dAna) kI navIkaraNa kiyA karate the aura sAtha hI sAtha usako unhoMne jIvita bhI rkhaa| purukheTaka grAma punaradttI ke rUpa meM phira ekabAra dAmakIrti kI mAtA ko dAna meM diyA gayA, spaSTa hai ki dAmakIrti zrutikIrti kA putra hI thaa| punaHnavIkaraNa kI yaha prakriyA vahIM rukI nhiiN| balki mRgezavarma (458) ke putra rAjA ravivarma ke kAla meM bhI jArI rahI jisane isa dAna kA punaHnavIkaraNa kiyA aura jayakIrti ko sauMpa diyaa| jayakIrti, pratihArI athavA dvArapAla athavA rAjA kA vidUSaka thaa| saMbhavataH jayakIrti dAmakIrti kA putra thaa| aisA lagatA hai ki bhojoM kA upanAma pratihArI rahA hogaa| ravivarma ke halasi tAmrapatra para eka aura bhojaka paMDara naz2ara Ate haiN| bhojaka mukhyatayA Adi kaMdaMboM ke sAmaMta the| hAlA~ki bhoja cAlukyoM ke yuga taka bhI calate rheN| isakA prAmANika vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| bhojaka dAmakIrti, mRgezavarma kA senApati, eka lekhaka bhI thA, usane apane adhipati ke tIsare zAsana varSa I.sa. 458 meM devagirI zilAlekha likhA thaa| yaha rAjA mRgeza dvArA dAna meM dI gaI 33 nivartanoM ke jamIna kA prAptakartA thA phira paravartiyoM ne vahA~ usake pitA, kAkusthavarma ke putra zAMtivarma kI smRti meM palAzikA jinAlaya kA nirmANa kiyaa| rajjukoM, gAmikoM tathA raThikoM kI taraha bhojaka adhikArI varga se saMbaMdhita the| jabaki vaNika tathA lekhaka vyAvasAyika pada the| 4. I) kaikeya / kekaya pUrvI kadaMboM ke zAsana meM kaikeya kA unake sAmaMta rAjA ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura donoM parivAroM ke madhya vaivAhika saMbaMdha bhI the| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #79
36 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya zivAsakhaMDa varma, saMbhavataH rAjavaMza ke mahatvapUrNa prathama netA the aura vivadha rAjaparivAroM se vaivAhika saMbaMdha joDA karate the| prabhAvatI, mRgezavarma kI (455-80) mahArAnI kaikeya parivAra kI rAjakumArI thI aura mRgezavarma kA putra ravivarma (485519) isI rAnI se paidA huA thaa| mRgezavarma ke cAcA rAjA kRSNavarma prathama (43060) ne bhI isI kaikeya parivAra ke rAjakumArI se vivAha kiyA thA, aura usakA putra thA viSNuvarma (460-90) / kottipeggili tathA ellAkella, vijayAmbA dvIpa para zAsana kara rahe the aura ye donoM kaikeya anvaya (parivAra) se the, jisakA ullekha lagabhaga chaThI tathA sAtavI sadI ke hireguttI tathA karoli tAmrapatra ke anusAra, jisakA prArUpa siMha, senApati ke putra jinanaMdI senApati, ravivarma ke sevaka citrasena mahAkellA tathA payaguMDapura ke svAmI ne taiyAra kiyA thA jisakI pahacAna kAravAra jile meM sthita haiMguMDa se huii| jisakA varNana kaikeyakulasaMbhUta ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai, jisakA kulacihna siMha thaa| citrasena kellA, aMbudvIpa arthAta aMjadiva dvIpa ke abhiyAna ke daurAna dAna kA thaa| ye aura isake samAna vivaraNa nizcita hI eka jaise vaMzakrama (udgama, strota, mUla) kI aura uMgalI nirdeza karate hai, jisapara Age khoja-bIna karane kI AvazyakatA hai kyoMki cAlukyoM ke kAla meM inakI bhUmikA ke svarUpa kI jAMca-par3atAla karanI jarUrI hai| 4- u) kella ____ apravAsI kella jainoM meM vizvAsa rakhanevAlA yoddhA parivAra apanI zAkhAoM ko aneka nAmoM se phailAne lgaa| unhoMne ina nAmoM ko vibhinna vizeSaNa se joDA hai jaise, arakella, ilakella, kalikella, kesugella, bhaTArikella, mAguMDarakella, murasakella, mahAkella, payidarAkella, sarakella, sebyAkella, sevayakella, tathA seyagella (nAgarAjayya haMpa: candrakoDe:1997-: 470-74) vizeSarUpa se kaikeya rAjA citrasena ne lagabhaga chaThI sadI ke madhya meM honnavAra tAmrapatra para apanA varNana karate hue svayaM ko kella tathA mahAkella kahA hai| isake sadRza udayAvara pradeza ke ALupAoM ke pUrvI rikArDa isa rAjavaMza ko arakella batAte haiN| dakSiNa kenarA meM sthita kellapattige kelloM kA parakoTA thaa| habiDu ke pAsa sthita palamiDI tathA kelNagere kA ullekha AditIrtha ke rUpa meM hotA hai jo pUrvI jainoM kI tIrthayAtrA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #80
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 37 kA pavitra sthAna thA aura yahI kelloM kA puztainI ghara thA jahA~ se unakI zAkhAe~ dUra dUra sthAnoM taka phaila gii| saMbhavataH sarakella bhaTarI aura vija arasa jisakA hAsana jile ke halamaDI zilAlekha meM ullekha huA hai tathA ccArakkI murusa kellana aura usakA putra mAtravarmana prAcIna jaina parivAra ko calAne vAle prathama saMcAlaka the| citrasena mahAkella (chaThI sadI) ke zAsanakAla meM kella parivAra ne apanA mahatva tathA kulInatA arjita kii| (nAgarAjayya haMpa. 1997-bI: PP 470-74) gaMga rAjA rAcamalla ke kAla meM 9 vIM sadI meM pAMDavapura tAlukA maMdha jile meM kyAtanahaLLI meM unhoMne eka jinAlaya banavAyA aura usakA nAmakaraNa apane parivAra ke nAma kellabasadI para kiyA arthAta kelloM kA maMdirA ve hAsana ke pAsa hI eka sthAna para Tike rahe aura phira apane parivAra ke AdhAra para hI usa sthAna ko kellanagere nAma diyA jo ki maMca jile ke nAgamaMgala grAma meM hai, aura zilAlekhoM meM isa zahara ko AditIrtha kahA gayA hai, jo ki trikuTa jinAlaya tathA anya maMdiroM ke sAtha utane hI mahatva kA tIrtha sthAna hai| - kella kenarA jile ke uttarI tathA dakSiNa bhAga meM, hAsana, tumakUra, zimogA, maM / Adi jiloM meM vibhAjita hue| unhoMne pahale pUrvI kadaMboM ke adhIna rahakara zAsana prAraMbha kiyA phira unhoMne cAlukyoM, rASTrakUToM aura phira cAlukyoM kI sevA kii| kellipusUru, Adhunika kelasUru (cAmarAja jilA, tAlUkA guMDalapeTa) koDagUraviSaya kA eka anya jaina keMdra thaa| vahAM kA maMdira sAtavIM sadI meM caMdraprabha tIrthaMkara ko samarpita kiyA gayA thaa| isa prakAra jainoM ke sAtha kellI parivAra kA saMbaMdha zilAlekhiya sAkSya se pramANita hotA hai| kelloM ke vizeSa saMdarbha meM isa bAta para soca vicAranA ThIka hogA ki celloM aura kelloM kA udgama eka samAna hI thA jinhoMne rASTrakUToM ke zAsanakAla meM apanA mahatva prasthApita kiyA thaa| vyutpatti kI dRSTi se cella aura kella eka hI zabda ke svanima ho sakate haiN| bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se dravir3a parivAra kI bhASAoM meM 'ka' aura 'ca' paraspara badalate haiN| isa bAta ko celladhvaja tathA kelladhvaja zabdoM se samajhA jA sakatA hai| (haMpa. nAgarAjayyA : dravir3a bhASA vijJAna :1994) tathApi uparyukta vimarza ke pArzva meM aitihAsika tathya kI bAta yaha hai ki kella parivAra ke sadasyoM ne apanI niSThA banavAsI kadaMboM se choDakara bAdAmI cAlukyoM ke prati rkhii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #81
38 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya kelloM ke nAma tathA unake yogadAna kA ullekha pA~cavIM zatAbdI se hone lgaa| Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki ve svayaM ko kaikeyavaMzI mAnate haiN| eLLakella upanAma ilakella saMbhavataH unake pratiSThApaka kA ullekha kaikeya rAjA ke rUpa meM kApolI (belagA~va jilA khAnApUra tAlUkA) ke bhoja asaMkitavarma ke zilAlekha meM huA hai| abhilekha yaha batAte haiM ki 70 sollara meM sthita 70 upabhAgoM kA ekagA~va jise kaikeya rAjA ilakella ne dAna meM diyA thA use bhoja rAjA asaNakirtIvarma ke adhikArI ne phira eka bAra usakA punaHnavIkaraNa kiyA thaa| kelloM kA eka aura pramukha murasakella ilakella kA samakAlIna thaa| (pAMcavI zatAbdI) isaprakAra pAMcavIM sadI ke aMta taka vidyamAna abhilekha sarakella ke astitva meM hone kI bAta ko spaSTarUpa se sthApita karate haiM jisakI carcA I.sa. .450 ke purAlekha meM haI hai| mahAkella tathA Ilakella parivAra lokapriya the aura unakA saMbaMdha kaikeya vaMza se thaa| ___ lagatA hai kannaDa zabda kella kI vyutpatti draviDa zabda kela' se huI hogI jisakA artha hai pUrNa krnaa| ataH vyutpattiparaka dRSTi se kella kA artha hai saphala . yA yshsvii| vastutaH kella zabda kA prayoga Amataura para vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayoga meM AtA hai, isa dRSTi se bhI yaha vyutpatti sahI lagatI hai| kelloM kA tamilanADu tathA kannaDanADu ke kaI bhAgoM se kelloM kA saMbaMdha bahuta gaharA tathA prAcIna thaa| saMbhavataH puttige unakA mUla nivAsa sthAna rahA hogA, jisa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| saMpuSTi karane vAle sAkSya, purAlekha tathA sAhitya Adi isa anumAna ko siddha karate haiN| mArnADu (uDupi jilA, kArakala tAlUkA) ko aksara kella puttigela kahA jAtA hai, jo spaSTatA isa bAta kA saMketa karatA hai ki yaha unake purakhoM kA sthAna thaa| isa gA~va ke nAma kella puttige isalie bhI diyA gayA kyoMki jaina zAsakoM kI usa sarAhanIya parivAroM ko vizeSa pahacAna milii| dakSiNa kainarA ke khyAtanAma lokasAhityakAra kalakuDa pADadana unako kellatta mArnADu arthAta kelloM ke mArnADu kahate haiN| prAMtoM meM jainoM ke vaiyaktika nAma kella zabda lagAkara calate rheN| cAlulake, paMjalike, veNUra tathA kuLipADi Adi kArakala ke AsapAsa ke sthAna kelloM ke the| halamiDI ke purAlekha (425-30) ke anusAra, vijaya arasu, arakellA prathama kA putra tathA ALupAoM kI senA kA yoddhA thA, jisane kaikeya-pallavoM ke sAtha ghamAsAna yuddha kiyA thaa| eka aura arakellA dvitiya jo udyAvara prAMta kA prabhArI thA, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #82
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 39 kA ullekha mArammA ALuvarasa (840-70) ke udyAvara zilAlekha meM huA hai| arakella tRtIya kA ullekha 1006 meM kaliyUrU purAlekha meM huA hai| ___ kelloM ke pramukha prAraMbha meM AnupAoM ke sAmaMta the, jo bAda meM kadaMboM tathA cAlukyoM ke sAmaMta rAjA bana ge| usake bAda ve gaMgoM tathA rASTrakUToM ke prabhAva meM A ge| gaMgoM ke pramukha zivamAra dvitiya (788-812) ke adhIna rahakara siyagella ne senApati tathA murugUrunADu tathA kesumaNNunADu ke rAjapAla ke rUpa meM apanI sevAeM pradAna kii| vIragallu (vIra pASANa) meM pramukhatA se kelloM kA ullekha isa bAta ko siddha karatA hai ki kella jA~bAja yoddhA the| nirbhIka daMDanAyaka rIyagella to mukkebAja hI thaa| arakella dvitiya zeradila nAyaka ko samaraika sArtha mArabala rAma tathA samaMta cuDAmaNi kahA gayA hai| gaMga zAsakoM zrIpurUSa (725-812), zivamAra (788-812), iregaMga nItimArga dvitiya (907-19) tathA rAcamalla tRtiya (925-35) ke prati kella niSThAvAna the| apane svAmI iregaMga mAragana ne igeru kI raNabhUmi para yuddha meM bhAga liyA thaa| annikaMDUpA, arakela dvitiya kA putra tathA poyasala mAruga arakella dvitiya ke papautra ne bhI rAcamalla dvitiya tathA nolaMbA anigA ke bIca hue yuddha meM bhAga liyA thA aura raNabhUmi meM vIragati prApta kI thii| ___mahAkella upanAma kella citrasena, siyakella upanAma siyagella donoM sAmaMta pramukha the| jinhoMne cAlukyoM ke yuga meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAyI thii| siyagella ne picanUra, kAgimogegura tathA bAgeyUra ke yuddha meM bhAga liyA aura vIratA se laDakara vIragati prApta kii| 4 U) gaMga vaMza laukika dRSTi se gaMga cAlukyoM kA eka anya sthAnIya tathA samakAlIna rAjavaMza thA, agara sAmAnya zabdoM meM kahA jAya to vaha agrasara huA aura unhoMne cAlukyoM se eka zataka pUrva svayaM ko sthApita kara liyA aura unhoMne kucha aura zatakoM taka apane rAjanItika mahatva banAe rkhaa| gaMgoM ke prAMta ko gaMgAvADI 96,000 kahA jAtA thA, jinhoMne pallavoM aura cAlukyoM ke rAjataMtra meM pratirodha kA kAma kiyaa| ___ cAlukyoM ne dakSiNa ke vizAla kSetra para apane adhipatya kI chApa choDI thI aura unake zAhI prabhAva ke madhya-bhArata tathA gujarAta ke dakSiNa bhAga meM bhI dekhA gayA aura jinhoMne 200 varSoM taka paramasvAmI ke rUpa meM apane hAtha meM sattA kI bAgaDora For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #83
40 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya saMbhAla lI thii| ataH gaMgoM ko mAtra dUsarI pArI khelanI thI hAlA~ki sAmaMta ke rUpa meM ve upekSita nahIM the| cAlakyoM ne bar3I hoziyArI se gaMgoM se rAjanItika sahAyatA prApta kI thii| apanI rAjanItika surakSA tathA sthiratA ke lie unhoMne gaMgoM se barAbarI kA vyavahAra kiyA thA aura donoM zAhI parivAroM meM sauhArda banAye rakhA aura chaThI sadI ke pUrvArdha se hI donoM parivAroM meM vaivAhika saMbaMdha sthApita kiye| gaMga cAlukyoM ke ati mahatvapUrNa sneha saMbaMdhI siddha hue| ___ gaMgoM ke pradhAna zAsaka durvinIta ne pallavoM tathA rASTrakUToM kA damana kiyA jinhoMne cAlukyoM ke adhipatya tathA bala ko rokane kA samanvita prayAsa kiyA thaa| vizeSarUpa se gaMga rAjA ne cAlukyoM ko pallavarAjA kADuveTTi kI bhartsanA se bacAyA thaa| durvinIta ne prasannatA se apane putrI tathA vijayAditya ke putra jayasiMha vallabha ko siMhAsanAdhiSTha kiyA thaa| durvinIta jo ki sAhityakAroM tathA sAhitya kA AzrayadAtA aura eka vIra yoddhA thA, usane Alattura, aMdherI tathA puruLaro meM pallavoM ko parAsta kiyA thaa| (Nagarajaih. Hampa: History of Early Ganga Monarchy and Jainism: 1999). cAlukyoM kI sattA zakti kucha aura kAla taka na DUba jAe isalie gaMga unakI sahAyatA ke lie daur3e cale aae| durvinIta kA putra muzakara tathA muzakara kA putra zrIvikrama pulakezI tathA kIrtivarma prathama ke samakAlIna zAsaka the| zrIvikrama kA putra bhUvikrama pallavoM ke sAtha yuddha meM vyasta thA aura pallava narapati ko viLaMDe meM parAjita kara ranahAra hAsila kiyaa| jaba cAlukya apane durbhAgya ke phere se gujara rahe the| bhUvikrama unakI sahAyatA ke lie dauDa pddaa| lagabhaga 150 varSoM taka cAlukyoM ke jahAja ko DUbane se bacAnA, gaMgoM kA dRDha saMkalpa thaa| tathApi, yaha ullekhanIya hai ki gaMga aura cAlukya ina do paDosI zaktiyoM ke eka hone kA kAraNa thA, zaktizAlI pallavoM se banI prAdezika ekAtmakatA ko bacAe rkhe| gaMgoM ke senAbala tathA unake sAmAjikasAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi kA vicAra kara cAlukyoM ne gaMgoM se kabhI bhI anya sAmaMtoM kI taraha vyavahAra nahIM kiyA thaa| Amataura para unake sAtha bhinna stara para donoM sattAzaktiyoM meM mitratA thii| isa mitratA ke saMbaMdha ke kAraNa gaMga, cAlukyoM ke nirgamana ke bAda badalate rAjanItika paridRzya meM svayaM kI saMgati nahIM biThA paaye| Azrita kA pada svIkArane kI apekSA rASTrakUToM kI baDhati zakti kA kaDAI se pratikAra kiyaa| amoghavarSa prathama For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #84
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 41 ke zubhAgamana ke bAda, jisane vaivAhika saMbaMdha sthApita kie the, vinamra gaMgoM ne samajhautA kiyA aura donoM rAjaparivAroM meM mitratA kA saMbaMdha sthApita huaa| tathApi 800 varSoM taka gaMgoM ne sAmaMtI rAjA ke rUpa meM zAsana kiyaa| vikramAditya prathama kI mahArAnI gaMga mahAdevI bhUvikrama kI putrI thii| muttarasa (zrIpurUSa vadharAja) kI mahArAnI vijaya mahAdevI vikramAditya dvitiya kI putrI thii| isake alAvA, jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA hai, vijayAditya kI mahAranI durvinIta kI putrI thii| __gaMga vaMza jainadharma ke kaTTara bhakta the| unhoMne jaina dharma kA anukaraNa kiyaa| rAjA zivamAra (sAtavIM sadI) ke tAmra patra ke purAlekha meM koMgunADa kellipusUra, Adhunika kelasUru gAMva (cAmarAjanagara jilA, guMDalapeTa tAlukA) ko diye gaye dAna kA ullekha darja hai| sAtavIM sadI kA yaha zilAlekha isa bAta ko dRDha karatA hai ki isa kSetra meM jaina maMdiroM kA astitva chaThI sadI ke pUrvArdha se hI thaa| hAla hI meM talakADa meM kie gae utkhanana meM vijaya pArzvanAtha, teisaveM tIrthaMkara ko samarpita, IToM meM banAye / gae eka jaina prArthanAgRha kI buniyAda prakAza meM aayii| muzakaroM kI khAtira gaMgoM ne jinAlaya banavAyA. jise muzakara bastI kahA jAtA thaa| tathApi pUrvI gaMgoM ke dvArA sauMpe gae jaina maMdira bAdAmI ke adhipatya ke pradeza ko sikuDe hue haiN| kellupasUra meM sthita eka prAcIna jinAlaya ke alAvA aba aura koI vidyamAna nahIM 4. e) sAMtara vaMza - karnATaka pradeza ke zimogA jile meM sthita paTTi pomabuccupura arthAta Adhunika hombuja Aja eka hajAra kI AbAdI kA eka choTA sA gAMva hai jo ki prAcIna kAla meM rAjadhAnI kA vizAla zahara thaa| prAraMbha meM yaha zahara vAtApI ke rAjazAsana ke sAmaMta ALupAoM ke prabhAva meM samRddha huaa| vidyamAna prAcIna prArthanA maMdira bhavyabhavana, smAraka, tAlAba, jalAzaya tathA anya aneka prAcIna pUjanIya avazeSa Adi usakI pratiSThA, bhavyatA aura mahatva kA hI pramANa dete haiN| hombuja- humacA, pUrvI sAMtaroM kA jaMgala se AcchAdita rAjadhAnI kA yaha zahara Ama dharmaniSThoM, jJAnI itihAsakAroM tathA vidvAnoM ke lie lagabhaga sahastra varSoM le eka mahatvapUrNa tIrthakSetra kA sthAna hai aura pure varSa bhara yahA~ loMga Ate jAte rhte| chaThI sadI ke prAraMbha se hI yahA~ para logoM kA vAsa thA aura phira For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #85
42 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya bAda meM yaha eka AdhAra sthAna tathA mUla zahara bnaa| yahIM se sAMtaroM ke rAjanivAsiyoM kI unnati aura samRddhi huii| sAMtaroM kA udagama utanA dhuMdhalA nahIM thaa| bhale bhI usameM se kucha meM paurANikatA kI puTa diyA gayA ho| jinadatta (jina ke AzirvAda se janmA) isa rAjavaMza kA pUrvaja thA, jo aitihAsika AdhAra para vaha mahA-ugra-vaMza kA thaa| jisakA saMbaMdha arhata pArzva ke vaMza se thaa| paurANika AdhAra para zilAlekhoM meM yaha darzAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ki jinadatta ke dAdA, paradAdAoM ne mahAbhArata ke yuddha meM bhAga liyA thA aura jinadatta rAya ke paradAdA ne pAMDavoM ke pakSa meM rahakara yuddha kiyA thA aura use zaMkha dekara usakI vIratA kA sammAna kiyA thaa| yahA~ isakA smaraNa hotA hai ki kaikeya ke pUrvajoM ne bhI kauravoM kA pakSa lekara mahAbhArata ke yuddha meM bhAMga liyA thA aura unake parivAra kI eka zAkhA dakSiNa meM sthAnAMtarita hokara uttara kainarA jile ke zarAvati nadI ke kinAre basa gii| rAjA mRgezvarama kI mahArAnI prabhAvatI kaikeya rAjavaMza kI rAjakumArI thii| rAjA jinadatta apane pitA kI AdamakhorI Adata se khIjhakara, sAMtaroM kI ora . palaTA aura sthAnAMtarita hokara Akhira poMbucA meM basa gyaa| lokkiyabbe (padmAvatIdevi) kI kRpA se vaha sAMtalige prAMta ke pramukha bana ge| yaha aitihAsika ghaTanA loka kathAoM, loka sAhitya meM Aja bhI jIvita hai| * hombuja kI prAcInatA aura itihAsa tathA usakI bhavya saMracanA, sAMtaroM ke sAtha unakA saMbaMdha, ISTadevatA kI bhakti kI prakRti tathA pramukha devIpadmAvatI Adi kucha aise viSaya hai jo Ama logoM ke mana meM jijJAsA paidA karate haiN| hombuja ke prArthanA maMdira, dakSiNa ke bhavya maMdiroM kI tulanA meM choTe haiN| kiMtu unake zilpakalA kI bhavyatA, kalAvaividhya, parikalpanA kI ekalatA tathA racanA kI maulikatA Adi usake AkAra kI laghutA kI ApUrti karate haiN| vAstava meM ve adhika suMdara, zAMta tathA sAdagI se bhare tathA yathAyogya alaMkRta haiN| ve pUrvI cAlukya, rASTrakUTa tathA adhikatara paravartI cAlukyoM ke kAla kI zilpakalA ke namUne haiN| sAMtara parivAra kI eka anya pravRtti yaha bhI thI ki yaha Adi se lekara aMta taka rAjavaMzIya kulavaira se mukta thaa| yaha eka sukhada Azcarya hai ki cAroM bhAiyoM ke bIca kabhI siMhAsana ke lie bhrAtR-vaira nahIM thA aura inako prazikSaNa caTTaladevI doDDammA (cAroM rAjakumAroM kI mausI) ne diyA thaa| (Nagarajaiah Hampa: Santararu: 1997:134-36). For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #86
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 43 humaca isa sthAna kA vyutpattiparaka artha isa ora saMketa karatA hai ki pUrvI purAlekhoM meM darja poMbulaca yaha usakA prAcIna tathA maulika nAma hai| bhASA vaijJAnika parivartana ke kAraNa poMbulaca ke vivadha rUpa, jaise poMburacca, puMbucca, poMbuja, hombuja tathA humaca milate haiN| yaha zabda pUrNataH kannaDa pradeza kA hai jisakA artha hai devatA kA sthaan| vibhinna kAloM meM hajAroM varSoM taka binA kisI roka Toka ke digaMbaroM ke zaktizAlI kSetra ke rUpa meM yaha mahAnagara pratisthApita huaa| ___ gaMgoM ke samatulya hI sAMtaroM kA jaina dharma meM vizvAsa thaa| aura inake sAtha unakA maitrIpUrNa saMbaMdha thaa| purAlekha yaha sthApita karate haiM ki sAMtara mUlataH 23 veM tIrthaMkara arhata pArzva ke mahA-ugra vaMza se saMbaMdhita the aura bAda meM, cAlukyoM ke kAla meM mUlanivAsI sAMtaroM meM mila ge| siMha unakA rAja-cihna thA aura paravartI kadaMboM ke samAna kapidhvaja thaa| kuladevatA lokakiyabbe (padmAvatIdevi) ne sAMtaroM ko sAmrAjya tathA samRddhI kA varadAna diyA thaa| unhoMne rAjadhAnI ke zahara ke keMdra meM / hI prArthanA maMdira ke lie jagaha DhU~DhI aura vahA~ para lokakiyabbe kI pratimA sthApita kI, jo unake prArthanA kA pramukha sthAna bnaa| sauMdattI ke raTTa, eka anya jaina rAjavaMza, sAntalige sAsira ke rAjapAla ke samakAlIna the| . sAMtaroM ne apane rAjanItika vyaktitva kA prAraMbha ALupAoM ke adhIna rahakara kiyA jo ki bAdAmI zAsana ke sevaka the| jinadatta ke kAla meM hI ve rAjI khuzI se raha rahe the, jo ALupAoM kA pUrvapUrUSa tathA jainadharma kA saMrakSaka thaa| parivAra ke anya pUrvajoM ke nAma the zrIkezina, jayakezina tathA raNakezi, jinakA unake prAraMbhika svAmI pulakezi, jayasiMha tathA raNarAga kA jAhira kathana kiyA hai| jaise hI rASTrakUToM ne cAlukyoM kI jagaha le lI, usake turaMta bAda sAMtaroM ne bhI apanI niSThA vijetA ke prati rakha dii| phira jaise hI cAlukyoM ne rASTrakUToM kA damana kiyA to sAMtaroM ne phira eka bAra navAvatarita vijetAoM ko apnaayaa| isa prakAra unhoMne ugate sUraja kI hI pUjA kii| kucha purAlekhoM meM sAMtaroM ke vaMza tathA rAjaprazasti kA ullekha milatA hai, jo unako unake zAsakoM ne dI thii| jise samIcIna rUpa se koDIka (codified) kiyA gayA hai| rAja bIrUdAvalI stutiparaka racanAoM ko sAMtaroM ke bhAToM dvArA vikasita kiyA gayA thA jo ki eka mila kA patthara mAnA jaaegaa| gadya padya mizrita yaha laMbI racanAe~ pUrNataH atizayoktipUrNa haiN| ina laMbI tathA paraMparAgata saMdarbho kI pradhAna pravRtti yaha hai ki adhikatara sAMtaroM tathA saMdarbhAnusAra gaMgoM aura cAlukyoM ke prAmANika For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #87
44 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya aitihAsika sUcanA ko aMtaHsthApita krnaa| bhale hI darabArI kaviyoM ne atiuttama rAjaprazastiparaka racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA, jo kannaDa sAhitya ke madhyakAla kI paraMparAgata vidhA khaNDakAvya tathA campu zailI meM racI gayI thI para ina sAMtara kaviyoM ne apanA nAmollekha karanA Avazyaka nahIM smjhaa| kiMtu ina kaviyoM ne nizcita hI itihAsakAroM, vidvAnoM tathA sAhityakAroM kI sahAnubhUti evaM prazaMsA prApta kI thii| bhale kI kucha zilAlekhoM meM saMskRta kA upayoga ho rahA thA kiMtu sAtaroM kA pramukha mAdhyama kannaDa hI thaa| tatkAlIna racanAkAra kannaDa ke abhijAta sAhitya paMraparA meM pravINa the aura unhoMne atyaMta sahajatA se kavitA kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| ataH kavitA aura itihAsa donoM sAtha-sAtha calate haiN| kucha abhilekha to kannaDa deza kI sAmAjika, Arthika tathA dhArmika itihAsa se saMbaMdhita vipula jAnakArI udghATita karate haiN| apane sImita pradeza meM saMtuSTa sAMtaroM ne kabhI bhI apanI sImAoM ko vistAra dene kI mahatvAkAMkSA nahIM rkhii| isa prakAra apane sahastra varSoM ke lambe itihAsa meM unhoMne dakSiNa ke kisI na kisI zreSTha rAjavaMza cAlukyoM se lekara vijayanagara sAmrAjya kA prabhAva grahaNa kiyA thaa| hombuja ne prAcIna maMdiroM, zilpoM ke sAtha sAtha bahuprajJa jainoM kA eka mAtra sthAna banane kA sammAna pAyA hai| sAMtaroM kI rAjadhAnI hombuja meM do hAthoM vAlI aMbikA kI pA~ca mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| daityAkara maMdiroM ke garbhagRha meM aMbikA (kuSmAMDinI) kI asAdhAraNa pratimA sthApita kI gaI thii| jo subaha kI lAlimA sI hai aura jisakI A~kheM teja-puMja hai| yaha bahuta hI anokhI pratimA hai| jisake pahalU meM paricAraka haiN| jisakI kamara kamaniya, jisake dAhine hAtha meM AmralUMbI hai aura bAyAM hAtha goda meM baiThe bAlaka ko sahArA de rahA hai| yaha devatA karnADa mukuTa tathA anya gahanoM se alaMkRta hai| isa pratimA ko aihoLe kI pratimA se prerita hokara banavAyA gayA thaa| isa pratimA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki zilpakAroM ne isa pratimA ko eka tAz2agI, eka navInatA pradAna kI hai aura sAtha hI pAraMparika pravRtti kA bhI pAlana kiyA hai| yaha suMdara pratimA AThavIM sadI ke uttarArdha kI hai| isakI tathA cAlukyoM ke anya zilpakalA kI carcA zilpakalA adhyAya meM hogii| 4. ai) senavAra vaMza senavAra, jaina dharma meM vizvAsa rakhanevAlA eka kannaDa parivAra, jo choTe rAjavaMzoM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #88
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 45 meM se eka thA, jinakA ullekha sAtavIM zatAbdI ke zilAlekhoM meM huA hai| senavAroM kA nAma-vaividhya isa prakAra hai... jaise senAvarA, seNavAra, senavalla, senamalla tathA senavA pahalI bAra unakA ullekha I. sa. 690 meM koppA (saM.37) meM pAye jAne vAle zilAlekha meM, ALUpa rAjA citravAhana ke sAmaMta ke rUpa meM huA hai| phira bhI AThavIM sadI ke prAraMbha se unhoMne mahAmaMDalezvara jaise gauravazAlI pada kA sammAna paayaa| hAromucaDi (zimogA jilA, zikAripura tAlukA) ke zilAlekha ke anusAra bhAvuvarakke arakesarI (arikesarI) senavAra rAjA muMguMdanADu para cAlukya zAsaka vinayAditya (681-96) kA sAmaMta banakara rAja kara rahA thaa| dosiyarA (dosiarasana kA saMkSipta rUpa) upanAma dosi bhavuvarakke arakesarI kA putra apane pitA ke uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM kokulli pradeza meM muMgudanADu kA pramukha bnaa| paravartI cAlukyoM ke kAla meM muMguda jainoM kA pramukha sthAna banA rhaa| (Nagarajaiah Hampa: Vikramadity VI: P. 39). immaDI kIrtivarma (745-57) ko bola-cAla kI bhASA meM kaTTiyara athavA kokkuli ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA thaa| inameM se prathama kIrtivarma kA saMkSipta rUpa thaa| jabaki dUsarA viralA tathA viziSTa nAma hai| udAharaNa svarUpa cikkanaMdihaLLi (hAverI jilA, byADagI tAlukA) ke zilAlekha meM samrATa kIrtivarma ko kokkuli kahA gayA hai| jabaki eka anya, diDAgUra (hAveri jilA) ke purAlekha meM tathA vokkaleri ke tAmrapatra meM unake nAma kA ullekha kaTTiyara ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta sAre rikArDa yaha darzAte haiM ki dosi upanAma dosiyara banavAsI ke 12000 prabhAgoM kA mahAmaMDalezvara thaa| bAda meM cAlukyoM tathA rASTrakUToM ke bhayaMkara yuddha (sI I 760) meM dosiyarA mArA gyaa| ___mArakke arasa senavAra dosiyara kA putra tathA bhUrakke arasa ke prapautra ne parAsta cAlukyoM se apanI niSThA ko toDakara vijetA rASTrakUToM ke prati niSThA dikhA dii| usane navodita sAmrAjya kI sArvabhaumikatA svIkAra kii| usakI adhInatA ko puraskRta karane ke lie akAlavarSa kRSNa prathama (756-74) ne mArakke arasa (banavAsI prAMta kA rAjapAla) yaha biruda arjita kiyaa| isaprakAra inhoMne banavAsI nADu ke akAlavarSa pRthvI vallabha mArakke arasa biruda prApta kie| tatkAlIna yuga ke ekabaMdha meM gosAsa pASANa meM eka choTA sA ullekha senavAra rAjavaMza kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne pazcimI ghATa (Adhunika zimogA, cikkamaMgalUra citradurga tathA hAveri jilA) para zAsana kiyaa| senavAra jainadharma meM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #89
46 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya vizvAsa rakhanevAle svAmIbhakta-phaujI-rAja-parivAra ke loga, madhya karnATaka pradeza ke mUlanivAsI the| prAraMbha meM ve ALupAoM ke svAmIbhakta the| sAtha hI unhoMne vAtApI ke cAlukyoM kA bhAra bhI vahana kiyaa| rAjanItika utAra caDhAva ke utpanna hone se senavAroM ne unake vizvAsI sAmaMtoM ke rUpa meM rASTrakUToM tathA kalyANa ke cAlukyoM kI sevA kii| vikramAditya paMcama ke zAsanakAla (1008-15) 1010 meM senavAra parivAra ke pramukhoM meM se koI banavAsI pradeza kA prabhArI thaa| usake bAda gyArahavIM sadI ke madhya meM jIvitavAra, usake putra jIvana vAhana aura usake putra mArasiMha upanAma mAra ne cAlukyoM ke sAmaMtoM ke rUpa meM rAja kiyaa| SaSThaM vikramAditya (10761125) ke laMbe zAsanakAla meM senavAra rAjakumAroM sUrya tathA Aditya ko maMtriyoM ke rUpa meM sevA karane kA avasara milaa| rAjasI cAlukyoM ke niSkAsana se senavAra rAjavaMza bhI rAjanItika vismaraNa meM lupta ho ge| ___ khacaravaMza ke sonavAroM ke pAsa phaNidhvaja tathA mRgendra loMchana (mahAvIra kA pratIka) arthAta siMha kA pratIka thaa| unhoMne svayaM ko kUDalUrupura-varAdhIzvarasa aura kuDUlUru paramezvarasa ke rUpa meM paricita kraayaa| usase bhI adhika unakA citraNa . mRgendra tathA khAcara trinetra ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha sthAna Adhunika harihara hai| jisakA pUrvakAla meM kUDalUra nAma thA kiMtu isake lie anusaMdhAna kI abhI AvazyakatA hai| unhoMne khuda ko padmAvatI caraNa saroja bhaMga ke rUpa meM ghoSita kiyA hai| jo arhata pArzva 23 veM tIrthaMkara kI sevikA rUpI devI hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki sonavAra baMgAla ke sena ke pUrvaja the| o) seMdraka vaMza cAlukyoM ke saMprabhU kIrtivarma prathama ne banavAsI tathA kadaMboM ke mAMDalika prathama ne seMdrakoM kI adhInatA svIkArane para jora diyaa| dilacaspa bAta yaha thI ki isa adhinikaraNa kA sukhadAyaka aMta huaa| kIrtivarma ne seMdraka vaMza ke pramukha zrIvallabha senAnaMda kI bahana se vivAha kara liyaa| seMdraka prAcIna rAjavaMzoM meM se eka the, jinhoMne cauthI sadI meM svayaM ko eka rAjanItika zakti ke rUpa meM sthApita to kiyA kiMtu ve mAtra sAmaMta hI bane rhe| rAjavaMzoM se sIdhe juDe hue purAlekha Aja vidyamAna nahIM hai aura unakI vaMzAvalI, aitihAsika vikAsa tathA unake pravAsa ke bAre meM bahuta kama jAnakArI prakAza meM AyI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #90
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 47 seMdrakoM ke vaMza meM AnevAle paradAdA kA nAma seMdra thaa| puligere kA zilAlekha yaha spaSTa batAtA hai ki seMdra rAjavaMza ko calAne vAlA prathama purUSa thaa| (bhujegendrAnvaya seMdrAvanIMdra saMtau) (SII:XX. NO: 3: IA, VII : PP. 101-III). . siMdoM kI taraha seMdraka bhI cAlukyoM ke adhIna the| mAdhava-satti arasa, ADUru ke sidarasa ke ucca adhikArI, seMdraka kula se the| usakA upanAma bhI mAdhavavAtta thaa| seMdrakoM ke pramukhoM ke nAma ke aMta meM aksara satti yA zakti AtA hai| satti, zakti kA hI bhinna rUpa hai| bhAnuzakti tathA vANa sattI arasa kaMdaMba rAjA paharivarmana (519-30) ko samarpita the| iMdrAnaMda, vijayAnaMda madhyamarAjA kA putra, dejja mahArAja kA lADalA thA, jo rASTrakUToM ke prathama rAjA the| vANasatti aura usakA putra kuMdasatti kramazaH muLaguMda tathA pAsa hI ke siraguppA ke svAmI the| ___ seMdraka cAlukyoM ke prati ekaniSTha the| kuMdazakti ke putra durgezakti tathA senAnaMda ne rAjA pulakezI dvitIya ko apanI sevAeM pradAna kI thii| isI taraha devazakti tathA seMdra mahArAja pogilli donoM kramazaH vikramAditya prathama tathA vinayAditya ke adhInastha the| isI ke samAna nikumabhallazakti ke putra Adityazakti kA prapautra tathA bhAnuzakti ke prapautra jayazakti aura mAdhavasatti kIrtivarma dvitIya ke nimna adhikArI the| ___pUrvI cAlukyoM kI eka zAkhA, sAtavIM sadI meM uttara pazcima ke gujarAta, khAnadeza tathA AMdhrapradeza ke karnUla kSetra meM sthApita huI thii| seMdraka mUlataH banavAsI 12000, pradeza ke nAgarakhaMr3a-70 ke kSetra ke the| pahale nAgarakhaMDa riyAsata kA dUsarA nAma seMdraka rAjya thaa| seMdraka viSaya meM zimogA cikkamaMgalUra, hAverI tathA hAsana jile kA kucha bhAga sammilita thaa| seMdraka avaretika-viSaya ke bhI pramukha the| avaterika viSaya arthAt Adhunika uttara tathA dakSiNa koMkaNa hai| jisameM ThAnA, kolAbA aura ratnAgiri jiloM kA samAveza hai| sakarepaTaNa ke purAlekha yaha sUcita karate haiM ki dakSiNa karnATaka aMga ke seMdraka rAjA ne siMhavarma prathama (436-66) zAsanakAla meM pallava sAmrAjya kA kucha bhAga banAyA thaa| prAkRta bhASA meM likhita candravaLLi ke pASANa zilAlekhoM meM (cauthI sadI) sayiMdikA (seMdraka) pahalI bAra dRSTigocara hue| yaha abhilekha tathA rAjavaMza ke pUrvI saMdarbha yaha batAte haiM ki kadaMba rAjA mayuravarma (435-60) ne sayiMdaka ke pramukhoM ko parAsta kiyaa| yaha vivaraNa nizcita karatA hai ki pallavarAjA siMhavarmana prathama (43660) kA purAlekha tathA halamiDi zilAlekha meM ullekha hai jisameM valavillI agrahAra For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #91
48 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya (zimogA jilA) ko rAjA ke upahAra kI bAta darja hai jo seMdraka viSaya meM sthita thaa| ___ kadaMba rAjA viSNuvarma (469) tathA siMhavarma (495) ke muDigere tAmrapatra yaha batAte hai ki pUrvavartI tathA paravartiyoM ne cha: nivartana jamIna sendraka viSaya ke AsanadilUra gA~va ke uttarI bhAga ko tathA pA~ca navaratnoM jamIna dakSiNI bhAga ke sthAnIya jaina maMdira arhatAyatana ko dAna meM dI thii| vaha gA~va Aja AsaMdihalli ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai jo muDigere ke pAsa cikkamaMgaLUrU jile meM sthita hai| phira I.sa. 524 meM rAjA ravivarma ne AsaMdyalUra dAvaNagere ke putra siddhAyatana kI prArthanA ke lie jamIna dAna meM dI thii| .. kRSNavarma dvitIya (545-70) ke beNNUra kAMsya patra meM bhI yaha ullekhita hai ki palamiDi gA~va seMdraka viSaya meM hI samAviSTita hai| zilAlekhiya sAmagrI ke AdhAra para hama yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki zimogA jile kA uttara-pazcimI pradeza seMdrakoM kA kendra sthAna thA aura kernala kA kSetra chaThI sadI meM dhIre-dhIre phailatA gayA thaa| pulakezI prathama ke zAsanakAla meM seMdrakoM kA pramukha svAmiyara upanAma sAmiyara zivAra kA putra tathA goDarAja kA prapautra, kuMTuDi 3000 ke pradeza para zAsana kara rahA thA, isa prAMta kA sImA bhAga miriMje kA kSetra thA jo ki vartamAna miraja hai| (bhojarAja bI pATIla nAgarakhaMDa70,1995 37-40) rASTrakUToM ke rAjA deja mahArAja (533-35) ke gokAka- tAmrapatra, unakA varNana AguptAyikA vardhamAna mahAvIra ke vaMza ke pramukha ke rUpa meM karate haiN| seMdraka rAjavaMza ke vijayAnaMda madhyama rAjA kA putra rASTrakUTa ke adhina thaa| adhirAjA iMdranaMda jaMbukhaMDI pradeza ke pradhAna the| adhirAjA, vijayAnaMda tathA iMdranaMda pUrvI seMdrakoM kI hI zAkhAoM se nikalI AMdhra zAkhA se saMbaMdhita the| ___ phaNikula (nAgakula) seMdrakoM ke svAmI kaNNazakti kA putra ravizakti cAlukyoM ke zAsaka maMgaleza ke hUli patroM meM dAnI ke rUpa meM dikhAI dete haiN| ravizakti ne apane adhipati maMgaleza ke AdezAnusAra kiruva kere, Adhunika kiraTageri (gadaga jilA) gA~va meM 16 veM tArthaMkara svAmI zAMtinAtha ko 50 nivartana kI upajAU jamIna dAna meM dI thI jo ki usake sAmaMti adhikAra meM thaa| anudezaka abhayanaMdI, paraluru saMgha ke zrInaMdI kA ziSya dAnI thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #92
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 49 pulakezI dvitIya (609-42) ke cipaluna ke ghoSaNApatroM meM ullekhita hai ki seMdraka zrI vallabha senAnaMdarAja pulakezI kA mAmA thaa| seMdraka tathA cAlukyoM meM vaivAhika saMbaMdha the, rAjA kIrtivarma prathama ne (566-96) jo ki pulakezI ke pitA the, seMdraka rAjakumArI se vivAha kara liyA thaa| bhImazakti seMdraka, sAtavIM sadI ke zilAlekha meM palukezI dvitIya kI sevA meM sAmaMta ke rUpa meM naz2ara AtA hai| vANazakti tathA kuMDazakti muLaguMda ke rAjapAla the jo ki chaThI tathA sAtavIM sadI kA jainoM kA prAcIna tIrtha hai| durgazakti, kuMdazakti kA putra tathA vinayazakti kA prapautra anekAMtamata kA eka anya zraddheya dhavala sthAna pulageri ke abhilekha meM ullekhita hai| durgazakti ne prasiddha zaMkha jinAlaya ko 630 meM puligere ke pAsa jamIna dAna kI thii| jabaki ravizakti ne zAMtinAtha basadI ko dAna meM jamIna dI thI aura isake dAnI the purulUra saMgha ke AcArya zrInIdhi ke bhakta AcArya abhayanaMdI the| zrI pogilli seMdraka mahArAja apane nivAsa sthAna jiDdulige, eka aura jaina keMdra, se sAtavIM sadI ke uttarArdha ( 680 e.DI.) meM banavAsI 12000 prabhAga para zAsana kara rahe the| seMdrakoM ke bhUSaNa nAgazakti ne cAlukya rAjA ko 749 meM gA~va dAna meM dene kI prArthanA kI thii| kaNNazaktivarasa kA nAma sAtavIM sadI ke purAlekha meM AtA hai| isI prakAra jayazakti tathA nikumabhallazakti ke nAma kaLavana purAlekhoM tathA bagumrara anudAna meM Ate haiN| uparyukta vivaraNa seMdrakoM ke pUrvI sthAna ko nirdhArita karate haiN| bhAnuzakti ke nivedana para ravivarma ke putra kaMdaMba rAjA harivarma ne apane zAsana ke pA~cave varSa meM marade grAma ke pavitra logoM ke lie tathA pavitra rIti rivAja nibhAne ke lie dAna meM diyA, jo ki ahariSTi zramaNa saMgha kI jAyadAda thI jisakI dekhabhAla AcArya dharmanaMdI kiyA karate the| (IA :VOI: VII. P.-32: JBBRAS, IX, CK1 NO 30 I.sa. 542, PP. III-14). ___ seMdrakoM ne cauthI se AThavIM sadI taka banavAsI ke kadaMboM, bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM tathA pUrvI rASTrakUToM ko sAmaMtoM ke rUpa meM zAsana kiyaa| ve phaNikula (nAgakula) se saMbaMdhita the| seMdra rAjA kI saMtati meM bhAnuzakti (519-30) kA janma huA, jisane ukta parivAra kA mUlapurUSa tathA bhUSaNa hone kA sammAna prApta kiyaa| usane kadaMba rAjA harivarma (519-30) kI sevA kI taba usake putra vijayAnaMda (533-33) kI rASTrakUToM ke zAsaka dejja upanAma dejjiya ke sAtha sahabaddhatA thii| jaba cAlukyoM ne rASTrakUToM para apanA adhipatya jatAyA to seMdrakoM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #93
50 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya ne apanI niSThA cAlukyoM ke prati dikhA dii| iMdranaMda kaNNazakti, ravizakti, zrIvallabha senAnaMda, bhImazakti, vanazakti arasa, kuMdazakti arasa durgazakti, pogilli seMdraka mahArAja (682-96) nAgazakti (749) tathA mAdhvazakti ne apane adhirAjA cAlukyoM kI sevA kii| seMdrakoM ne apane adhipatiyoM ke sneha tathA vizvAsa kA AnaMda utthaayaa| pulakezI dvitIya ke putra kIrtivarma prathama ne (566-96) seMdraka parivAra kI rAjakumArI se vivAha kara liyA thaa| dUsare zabdoM meM samrATa pulakezI dvitIya (610-42) seMdraka rAjakumArI kA putra thA jo zrIvallabha senAnaMda kI bahana thii| isa prakAra apane mA~ kI ora se vaha pulakezI kA sasura thaa| isa vivAha se donoM rAjavaMzoM meM sauhArdapUrNa snehasaMbaMdha sthApita hue| bhImazakti svayaM ko satyAzraya arthAta pulakezI kA pAdapadmojIvi kahatA thaa| isI prakAra kuMdazakti kA putra durgazakti thaa| nAgarakhaMDo kA pramukha zrI poligillI seMdraka, vinayAditya (681-96) kA sAMmaMta thaa| nAgazakti saMbhavataH seMdraka vaMza kA mAnyatA prApta pramukha thA aura sAtha hI bhAnuzakti pahale zAsakoM ke samAna parivAra kA bhUSaNa thA jo kIrtivarma (745-57) dvitIya ke mAMDalika ke rUpa meM phala-phUla rahA thaa| mAdhavazakti upanAma mAdhavatti arasa aMtima jJAta seMdraka tathA rAjapAla ne kIrtivarma dvitIya kI sevA kii| usake bAda sAtha-sAtha donoM cAlukya tathA seMdraka rAjanItika upekSA ke stara para phuNce| 4. au) siMda vaMza siMdoM kA rAjanItika itihAsa kabhI bhI AkAravihIna aura unakI jJAta vaMzAvalI khaMDita hai| belagutti, reMjeru, bAgaDage, kurugoDu patryaMDaka tathA eraMbarage ke siMda unakI paravartI zAkhAe~ thiiN| __siMda, bhogavatI puravarAdhIzvarasa ke rUpa meM jAne jAte the, jo nAgavaMzI the| kadaMboM tathA cAlukyoM ke prAMta meM, sAtavIM tathA AThavIM sadI meM,cAlukyoM kI adhInatA meM siMdoM ne prazAsanika pada prApta kiyA thaa| ADUru ke zilAlekha ke anusAra, siMdarasa, cAlukyoM ke aMtima zAsaka kIrtivarma dvitIya ( 745-57) kA svAmibhakta banakara pAnthipura, vartamAna hAnagala- hAverI jile para zAsana kara rahA thaa| vikramAditya dvitIya ( 655-81) ke zAsanakAla meM kukkanUra ke abhilekha meM siMdarasa ke prAMta ke pramukha hone kA ullekha hai| siMda, gAMgi-pAMDivUru, vartamAna ADUru ke prabhArI the| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #94
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 51 siMdoM kI vaMzAvalI tathA krama donoM aspaSTa hai| abataka prApta zilAlekha bhI unake rAjavaMza ke itihAsa para prakAza nahIM DAla pAye haiN| dilacaspa bAta yaha hai ki prApta DATA siMda tathA seMdraka eka hI mUla kI do zAkhAe~ hone kI saMbhAvanA kI ora saMketa karate hai| donoM nAgavaMzI tathA jainadharma meM vizvAsa rakhanevAle the| isaprakAra donoM rAjavaMzoM kA samakakSatA para vicAra karanA jarUrI hai| AyacarAja upanAma AyacaparAja tathA AcArAja (usakA bahanoI) jaina dharma ko samarpita the jinake lie jinapati daivaM hI thaa| donoM siMda parivAra se the| donoM kalyANa ke cAlukya samrATa vikramAditya SaSTha (1076-1125) ke adhinastha the| __ Acarasa upanAma AcarAja (baramadeva kA putra) ne kisukADu kisuvolala ke AsapAsa ke prAMta para mahAmaMDalezvara ke rUpa meM zAsana kiyaa| jaisA ki Upara ullekhita hai AcarAjA abbeyagerI ( roNa tAlukA, jilA gadaga) kA peragaDe (sthAna pramukha) thaa| AcarAjA, beLLavola-300 tathA nareyaMgala 12 kA pramukha thA jisane pahale banavAye gae jainamaMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAra kiyaa| eka zilAlekha meM yaha ullekhita hai ki siMdoM kA pramukha niDudoLa (dIrghabAhu) dharaNendra se janmA thaa| (phaNirAz2a, nAgarAja) siMdoM ke dhvaja para phana phailAe nAga kA citra thA, jinhoMne siMdavADinADu para zAsana kiyA athavA siMda-viSaya seMdraka bhujagendra the tathA senavArasa kA phaNidhvaja thaa| sAMtara mUlataH mahA-ugra vaMza ke the| sAtavAhana nAgapUjaka the| banavAsI kA nAgarakhaMDa pradeza nAgoM kA prAMta thA tathA nAga janajAti kI mAtRbhUmi thii| reMjola ke siMda svayaM ke bAre meM yahI kahate haiM ki ve nAgapati dharaNenna kI paTarAnI padmAvatI devI ke varadAna se unakA janma huA thaa| siMdoM kI prazAsanika bhASA kannaDa thii| paravartI zAkhA ke siMda zivabhakta the| isaprakAra cAlukya rAjA vidvAna maMtriyoM ke parAmarza tathA sAmaMtoM ke senAbala para hAvI ho gae the| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #95
OBS PRESEASEAN adhyAya pA~ca varNamaya jaina saMgha ESH DISCLAIMERIES AraMbha jainadharma kI apanI eka atyaMta gatizIla tathA dhArmika paraMparA rahI hai, jo dakSiNa prAMta ko sAMskRtika dRSTi se samRdda kara rahI thii| aitihAsika vikAsa tathA prakSepavakra para yugAnukUla carcA tathA anuzIlana kI AvazyakatA hai| ataH isa adhyAya meM jainoM kI aitihAsika saMracanA kA vizeSakara cAlukyoM ke itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM, jainoM ke sthAna para prakAza DAlate hue, vicAra karane kI koziza kI jA rahI hai| jainoM ne apanI rAjanItika gatividhiyA~ sudUra atIta meM bahuta pahale se hI zurU kI thii| sabhI 24 tIrthaMkara kSatriya the| isakI aitihAsika sAkSya 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke udagama se milatI hai aura phira usake bAda adhika se adhika jina pArzva tathA mahAvIra kramazaH 23 veM tathA 24 veM tIrthaMkara se milanI zUru hotI hai| mahAvIra ke pA~ca mahAna . vratoM kA upadeza unake pUrvAdhikArI arhata pArzva dvArA samarthita naitika samIkRta upadezoM ke samAna hI the, kiMtu usameM thoDI sI bhinnatA thii| magadhana pradeza ko apanA keMdra banAkara, jaina dharma dhIre dhIre dakSiNa meM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #96
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 53 I. pU. cauthI sadI se phailane lgaa| sAmAjika rAjanItika saMparka ke rUpa meM isa viziSTa dharma kA udaya aura vistAra huaa| karnATaka meM jainoM kI dhArmika paraMparA ko IsA kI pahalI sadI se dekhA jA sakatA hai| kisuvoLAla kSetra sameta navanaMdoM ne kuMtala viSaya para zAsana kiyaa| kuMtala karnATaka kA hI paryAyavAcI zabda hai| jisameM sADhe sAta lAkha gA~va samAhita hai jo viMdhya kI pahADI se dakSiNa taka phailA hai| kaliMga ke jaina rAjA khAravela ne naMdoM dvArA lI gaI jina kI mUrti ko punaH prApta kiyaa| yaha ghaTanA isa bAta kA nizcaya karatI hai ki naMdoM kA jainadharma meM vizvAsa bhI thA evaM AkarSaNa bhii| naMdoM ke uttarAdhikArI mauryoM ne jaina dharma ko udAratA se protsAhita kiyaa| rAjA caMdragupta maurya apane dharmaguru zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke sAtha kaLvappu vartamAna zravaNabeLagoLa AyA thaa| jahA~ usane sallekhana kA vrata dhAraNa kara apanI deha tyAga dI thii| azoka kA prapautra 'saMprati caMdragupta' ne jaina dharma kA samarthana kiyaa| sAtavAhanoM tathA anya uttarAdhikRta rAjaparivAroM ke logoM ne muniyoM, prArthanAgRhoM tathA AzramoM ko jamIna tathA gAya dAna meM dekara jaina dharma ko protsAhita kiyaa| jaina dharma kI gatividhiyoM ko Azraya dene meM karnATaka eka upajAU bhUmi siddha huI aura phira jisako purAlekhiya tathA sAhityika sAkSoM ne bhI sahAyatA pradAna kii| kuppaTUru (zimogA jilA, soraba tAlUkA) ke zilAlekha meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki cArukarnATadezama jinadharmAvAsava ADa arthAt ramaNIya yA suMdara karnATaka deza jina-dharma kA Azraya sthAna bana gyaa| pallavoM, AdikadaMboM tathA gaMgoM kI chatrachAyA meM jainadharma kA atyaMta vikAsa huA thaa| kaI choTe rAjavaMzoM ne bhI jainadharma ko vikasita hone ke lie usakA mArga prazasta kiyaa| isa prakAra samaya ke rahate cAlukyoM ne bhI bAdAmI meM apanA rAjataMtra sthApita kiyA aura pUre dakSiNa meM jaina dharma pracalita huA aura usakI jaDeM gaharI jamane lgii| hAlA~ki karnATa deza tathA tamilanADu usake pramukha, prabala tathA pukhtA kSetra the| yaha eka atyaMta mahatvapUrNa tathA anokhI bAta hai ki prAcIna tIna dharma tathA darzanoM.. vaiSNava, jaina tathA bauddha ne yuga meM apanA sammAna tathA sthAna banAe rkhaa| Alamapura ke prazasti kA prAraMbha isaprakAra hotA hai... so vyAda bhAgavatAna bauddhAna jinendramatama-AzritAna For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #97
54 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya sva-dharma-kriyayA viSayani tIrthyana saMtarpayana nRpH|| arthAta rAjA ne vibhinna dharmoM vaiSNava, jaina tathA bauddha ke anuyAyiyoM kI rakSA kI aura isa taraha apane pAvana karma se isa pRthvI ko pavitra tathA tRpta kiyaa| uparyukta pada ke darpaNa meM cAlukya samrATa tathA sAmrAjya kA, (jinhoMne sabhI dharmoM kI rakSA kA samarthana kiyA tathA usake anuyAyI bane) sahI pratibiMba milatA hai| isa mata meM anya dharmoM ke prati ghRNA ko protsAhana nahIM diyA jAtA thA tathA dhArmika sauhArda banAe rakhanA prazAsana kA mUla dhyeya thA aura usakA anupAlana bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| jainadharma kI anya vicAradhArA ke prati dRSTi anekAnta tathA syAdavAda ke tarka para AdhArita thii| jainadharma ke lie sAmAjika varIyatA prabala tathA spaSTa thii| kolhApura (mahArASTra) kI saMskRta tathA kannaDa lipi meM likhe dasavIM sadI ke purAne patroM meM pulakezI prathama satyAzraya raNarAga kA putra tathA jayasiMha kA prapautra kA ullekha hai| rudranila, seMdraka parivAra kA samiyAra tathA pulakezI ke sAmaMta kuhaMDI jile ke rAjapAla ko . alakaTaka nagara (kisuvoLala, paTTadakalla) ke jinAlaya kA bhAra sauMpA gayA thaa| samiyAra ne apane samrATa kI anumati se kucha grAma tathA jamIna dAna kI thii| zilAlekha meM kaI jaina muniyoM kA bhI ullekha hai| (JRAS. VOL. V.P/343.f :IA - :VOl: VII. pp 209-17.) / rAjA vinayAditya ne ziggAva ke zilAlekha (707) meM yaha ullekha hai ki usane kisuvoLAla se banavAsI taka kI yAtrA mAtra isIlie kI thI ki vaha ALapAoM ke rAjA citravAhana tathA usake bhAI se bheMTa kreN| paravartiyoM kI prArthanA para samrATa ne puligere meM sthita jinabhavana ko guDDigere grAma dAna meM diyA thaa| vikramAditya caturtha ke kAla meM kannaDa bhASA meM likhita guDigerI sthAna meM sthita zilAlekha dinAMka 1076-77 meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki . cAlukya-cakravartI vijayAditya vallabhAnujeyappA zrImata kuMkuma mahAdevI purigereyallu mADisida Anesejjeya bsdii| arthAta Anesejjaya basadI to puligere meM hai use cAlukya cakravartI vijayAditya kI choTI bahana kuMkuma mahAdevI dvArA banavAyA gayA thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #98
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 55 uparyukta zilAlekha yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki guDigerI kI jamIna AnesejjayA basadI ke kabje meM thii| kAraNa cAlukya rAjakumArI kuMkuma mahAdevI ne use banavAyA thaa| jAhira hai ki 1076-77 kA paravartI zilAlekha sAtavIM sadI ke zilAlekha kI nakala hI hai| _ jainamuniyoM ne suniyojita tathA sarvasamAvezI praNAlI apanAkara apanA lakSya prApta kiyA thaa| saMyama, pavitra AcaraNa tathA nisvArtha bhAva jainamuniyoM meM pAye jAte haiN| isase samAja meM unako Adara sammAna milA tathA prazaMsA bhI milii| pIDhiyoM taka unako rAjanirmAtA ke rUpa meM rAjasamarthana milatA rhaa| senApatiyoM, sAmaMtI rAjAoM tathA prAMtIya rAjAoM para vijaya prApta karane ke bAda prAMtIya keMdroM meM unakI saphalatA ina adhikAriyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM nizcita hI thii| lokapriya sahayoga prApta karane ke bAda unake anuyAyiyoM meM madhyavarga vIra-baNajiga kA eka mahatvapUrNa hissA unake sAtha thA tathA vyApArI varga kI Arthika sahAyatA jaina dharma ko laMbe samaya taka milatI rhii| jisase ve jainoM ke bhavya maMdira tathA pratimAeM banavA ske| unake bhavya divya prabhAva tathA kriyAtmaka rAja sahayoga ne jainadharma ko prabala tathA lokapriya bnaayaa| ina jaina muniyoM ke pAsa na to kucha thA na hI unako kucha cAhie thA aura isase bhI baDhakara unake cAra saugAtoM (zikSA, bhojana, auSadhi tathA Azraya) se saMbaMdhita unake siddhAntoM kI anuvIkSikatA kA Agraha logoM kI bhakti tathA niSThA prApta karane meM sahAyaka siddha huaa| isakA kAraNa thA ki usane mAnavatA kI prAthamika AvazyakatA kI pUrti kI thii| pariNAma svarUpa baDI saMkhyA meM loga jainadharma ke prabhAva meM A ge| (pusAlakara aI: 288) ...jainadharma ko saMcAlita karanevAlA preraNAdAyaka prANatatva thA bha Araka vrg| unake naitika AcaraNa kaDe the kiMtu saMyama niyama, nisvArthatA, saccaritratA, gaMbhIra vidyArjana Adi ne isa dharma ko jIvita, kriyAzIla tathA lokapriya bnaayaa| ina viziSTa anuzAsita maThavAsI saMghaTanA kI lahara samagra cAlukya sAmrAjya meM phaila gaI aura karnATaka ke dakSiNa meM zravaNabeLagoLa, kellipusUra, bastipura (koLLegAla) talakADa tathA uttara meM aihoLe, bAdAmI, kisuvoLAla , aNNigere tathA puligere meM utkendrita the| jaina dharma kI pracura mAtrA meM kI gaI pracAra prakriyA tathA bhAgo-upabhAgoM meM usakA zAsana atyaMta tIvratA se prAraMbha huaa| jisane paravartI cAlukyoM ke yuga meM apanI parAkASThA ko dekhaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #99
56 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya mUla dharma sabhA ke vibhinna vargoM kI isa aTUTa sAmpradAyika sahodaratA se jaina dharma samRddha ho rahA thA kyoMki usakI khubiyA~ mata se juDI huI thiiN| ataH bhASAgata prAdezika tathA sAmrAjyika nikaSa usake vikAsa tathA ekatmakatA ke mArga meM bAdhA banakara nahIM aae| jaina sAdhu tathA sAdhviyA~ mukta hokara eka se dUsare pradeza tathA rAjya meM vicaraNa karate aura unako hara sthAna se Adara tathA sammAna prApta hotA thaa| bhArata kA itihAsa aura bhUgola niraMtara yAtrA karane vAle zramaNoM ke prati RNI hai, jo naMge paira calate, vratastha rahate tathA sAMskRtika ekatA tathA akhaMDatA ko banAe rkhte| gRhatyAgI jaina dharma guru indriyajIta, ghummakaDa tathA mitabhASI the| ye pUjanIya jainadharmI sardiyoM meM dhyAna dhAraNa karate aura garmiyoM meM cilacilAtI dhUpa meM bAhara niklte| viSaya vAsanA para saMyama, naMge paira ghUmanA tathA dharma graMthoM para adhikAra banAe rakhanA ye jaina dharma kI prAthamika AvazyakatAe~ thIM aura aba bhI haiN| na kevala zAsakoM balki hara varga, jAti, samudAya, vyavasAya ke logoM ne jainadharma ke prati apanI niSThA jtaayii| mahAmaMDalezvaroM, mahAsAmaMtoM, senApatiyoM, vyApAriyoM, strI-purUSa sabhI ne jaina-prArthanAgRhoM, zramaNoM tathA dharmaguruoM ke prati apanI zraddA bhakti drshaayii| jainoM ke Azrama tathA prArthanAgRha rAjya tathA loMgoM ke anudAnoM se bhare the, 500 nivartana kI upajAU jamIna jaina prArthanA gahoM ko upahArasvarUpa dI gaI thii| bAhubali zreSThI, eka prabhAvazAlI vyApArI kI binatI para rAjA vikramAditya ne jainamaMdira ke lie 50 nivartana kI jamIna kA prabaMdha kiyaa| dharmagAmuMDa sarApha ne dharmazAlA tathA jinAlaya bnvaayaa| isI taraha kaliyammA tathA jAbulagerI ke gAMva ke mukhiyA ne aNNigerI meM cediyA (caitya jinAlaya) kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| isa prakAra samrATa se lekara sAmAnya nAgarikoM se jaina bhaktoM kA saMghaTana banA thaa| sakSama samarthakoM ke vyavasthita kArya, sIdhe tathA anya srotoM ke dvArA pIDhiyoM taka milane vAlI rAja-pratyAbhUti ke kAraNa jaina saMgha phUlA phlaa| dakSiNa ke rAjanItika, Arthika tathA sAmAjika-sAMskRtika itihAsa ke pUrvamadhyakAla meM palasige (palasi, halasi, palAsikA) eka mahatvapUrNa jaina keMdra mAnA jAtA thaa| pUrvI kadaMboM ke zAsana kAla (345-545) ke daurAna palasigenADu (viSaya maMDala) ne bahuta hI mahatva kA sthAna arjita kiyA thaa| phira Age calakara palasige ko kuMtalanADu meM milAyA gayA aura jaba ise rAjadhAnI kA dUsarA zahara banAyA gayA to usako bahuta prasiddhI prApta huii| palAsikA-panniracAsira (2000) kI bhaugolika sImAe~ uttara kenarA ke uttarI pradeza ke khAnApura tathA bailahoMgala tAlUkoM meM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #100
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 57 samAvezita thiiN| jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, isa nAma ke vibhinna rUpa milate haiMjaise palasigenADu, palasige deza tathA hlsigenaaddu| palasige ke jineMdrabhavana ko suddi kuMdUra viSaya (dhAravAr3a meM sthita vartamAna nareMdra) ke vasaMta vATikA grAma se saMpanna kiyA thaa| palasigenADu ne kadaMboM ke kAryakAla meM govA meM utane hI mahatva kA sthAna hone kA sammAna paayaa| bailahoMgala tathA khAnApura tAlUkA (belagAMva jilA) ke zilAlekha isa varIyatA ko nizcita karate haiN| __ saMkhyA kI dRSTi se vidyamAna jaina sAmagrI kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika nahIM bhI rahI hogI paraMtu guNAtmaka rUpa se cAlukya zreSTha, zaktizAlI evaM vaiziSTyapUrNa jaina saMskRti ke sacce nirmAtA the| ataH ahiMsA kI amRtadhArA kA nAbhikeMdra aihoLe tathA bAdAmI ke irda girda hI thaa| jisase kisuvoLAla (pa dakala) kI chApa ke pUrvI smAraka gaurava prApta kara phailate phUlate naz2ara Ane lge| syAdavAda kI lahara rAjataMtra ke kone kone meM phailane lgii| usakA varcasva jaisA ki pahale ullekhita hai, jaina keMdroM jaise kopaNa, puligere, aNNigere, aDaru, hombuja, haLLUra tathA zravaNabeLagoLa meM thaa| .. sAtavAhanoM ne nigraMtha sUtrala ke bIja boye aura pUrvI kadaMboM ne jainadharma ke sAmarthya ko bddhaayaa| do anya samakAlIna rAjavaMza karnATaka ke dakSiNa meM gaMga tathA uttara meM cAlukyoM ne sauhArdapUrNa vAtAvaraNa nirmANa karane ke lie eka sAtha gati se usako baDhAyA tathA tIvra gatimAna bnaayaa| vizeSataH cAlukyoM ne anekAnta ko sucArU rUpa se calAne ke lie upajAU jamIna kA nirmANa kiyaa| jainadharma kA vikAsa tathA prasAra zakti dara zakti hone lgaa| kyoMki yaha donoM sAmAnya tathA rAjaparivAra ke logoM ke nikaTa thaa| isane ise hara utAra caDhAva meM saMbhalane tathA jIvita rakhane meM zakti dii| apane prabhAva ko banAe rakhate hue, jainadharma ne cAlukya samAja meM samAkalana rakhA aura jainetara matoM tathA dharmoM ke sAtha sauhArda tathA sahaastitva banAe rkhaa| jainamaMdiroM athavA smArakoM ke nirmANa mAtra se hI karnATaka meM jainadharma vikasita nahIM huA thaa| balki jIvita rakhane kI khAtira kie gae prayatna jaise ina prasthApita jaina smArakoM tathA keMdroM ko die jAne vAle choTe baDe anudAnoM ne karnATaka meM jainadharma kI lokapriyatA tathA vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka jIvanI zakti pradAna kii| isakA spaSTikaraNa vibhinna kAloM ke vibhinna rAjavaMzo ke zilAlekhoM dvArA hotA hai| (narasiMha mUrti A.V: Karnatak kings and Jainism A study 1976-: 60-69) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #101
58 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya dAna dene kI paraMparA meM godAna?gosAsa (gosahastradAna) bahuta hI pavitra tathA anokhA mAnA jAtA thaa| gosAsa kallu (arthAta godAna kA smAraka pASANa) para godAna kA vivaraNa darja hai| karnATaka meM lagabhaga eka sau gosAsa ke pASANa vidyamAna hai| hAla hI meM prApta gosAsa kI sabase vaiziSTyapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki ve krama meM sabase pahale ke haiM tathA kannaDa bhASA tathA lipi meM likhe gae haiM aura jinakA jainoM se saMbaMdha rahA hai| mallenahaLLi (zimogA jilA, zikArapura tAlukA) ke gosAsa kA aitihAsika mahatva yaha hai ki ve lagabhaga 30 kI saMkhyA meM hai, jisake lie kisI atizayokti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| eka jaina gosAsa rAjA kIrtivarma dvitIya ke kAla kA hai tathA anya rASTrakUToM ke yuga ke hai| kIrtivarma kA adhinastha dosira 760 meM banavAsI 12,000 para zAsana kara rahA thaa| kramAnusAra dUsare gosAsa 760 ke haiM, jo cAlukyoM ke nikAsa tathA rASTrakUToM ke praveza kA ullekha karate hue likhate haiM ki senavAra (senAvara) ke mArakkeyarasa banavAsInADu kA rAjapAla thA tathA kRSNa prathama usakA adhipati thaa| Adityasena paMDita tathA devendrasena paMDita donoM marmajJa jainaguru zimogA jile ke zikAripura tAlukA meM sthita muttaLLi grAma ke senAvara pramukha ke gosAsa ke prAptakartA the| kIrtivarma dvitIya ke samaya kA aNNigerI meM sthita staMbha yahI kahatA hai ki jinAlaya ke sAmane vAlA staMbha gosAsa kI nizAnI ke rUpa meM kALLiyammA gAmuMDa ke dvArA banavAyA gayA thaa| . puligere, cAroM yugoM meM sabase prAcIna, prasiddha tathA sammAnita zahara, aura puligere 300 upabhAgoM kI rAjadhAnI kA zahara thaa| isakI mahattA kI bhUrI bhUrI prazaMsA zilAlekhoM tathA sAhitya meM darja hai| jo saMpUrNa ullAsakArI itihAsa meM sabase adhika saubhAgyazAlI jaina tIrthasthAna rahA aura sadiyoM taka samRddha rhaa| lagabhaga 55 zilAlekha isa sthAna para vidyamAna hai aura isameM se lagabhaga 12 jainadharma ke haiN| yaha mahAnagara 300 grAmoM, vyApAra tathA sAhityika-sAMskRtika gatividhiyoM se phUlA phalA thaa| yaha eka zikSA kA kendra (ghaTikAsthAna) bhI thaa| puligere sthAna kA nAma (pulikarA, purikarA, purigere, purikaranagara aura unakA saMskRtarUpa vyAghrapura) lakSmezvara ke rUpa meM parivartita huaa| lagabhaga 1074 meM isa jagaha kA nAma puligere se lakSmezvara kara diyA gayA thaa| jo Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| yaha nAma mahAmaMDalezvara lakSmarasa upanAma lakSmaNanRpa ke nAma para diyA gayA thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #102
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 59 isa zahara ke AsapAsa kannaDa bolI jAtI thI tathA sAmrAjya ke vijJa logoM ne isakA kaI sau varSoM taka samarthana kiyaa| bahuta pahale se puligere dhArmika sthAna ke rUpa meM phUlA phlaa| vidyamAna purAlekha yaha sthApita karate haiM aura isa bAta para jora dete haiM ki chaThI sadI ke pUrva se hI yaha jainoM ke adhivAsa kA sthAna thaa| likhita abhilekha nizcita rUpa se kahate haiM ki yaha rAjagharAnoM kA pavitra sthAna thaa| zaMkhajinAlaya sabase prAcIna maMdira tathA cAlukyoM kI iSTadevatA thA, jisane rAjagharAnoM se mukta hasta se AnevAlI nidhiyoM kA AnaMda liyaa| cAlukya rAjavaMza kA yaha pa jinAlaya thaa| zaMkha lAMcana (arthAta pratIka,cihna) hai, jo 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI pahacAna hai| ataH yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki zaMkha jinAlaya ke mUlanAyaka neminAtha the, garbhagRha meM pratiSThita devatA the| AdikadaMboM ke yuga meM sArA paridRzya uttarottara tejI se parivartita hone lgaa| isa yuga meM jaina AzramoM, guphAoM tathA maMdiroM ko die gae anudAna anaginata . zilAlekoM meM darja hone lage jo ki unake prabhAmaMDala kA hI eka udAharaNa hai| sAmrAjya meM jainadharma kA udaya eka zaktizAlI dharma ke rUpa meM huA thaa| jisane rAjanItika sAhityika-sAMskRtika paridRzya para apanA varcasva kAyama kiyaa| samrAToM tathA unake sAmaMta rAjAoM ne isa dharma ko prabhAvI tathA mahatvapUrNa (vaiziSTyapUrNa) banAne ke lie apanA sahayoga diyaa| saMkSepa meM jainadharma ne rAjya ke dharma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita sthAna pAyA thaa| ____ bhadrabAhu tathA usakA rAjabhakta candragupta kA sthAnAMtaraNa jaina prAdhAnatA kI pahalI lahara thii| phira banavAsI kadaMboM tathA gaMgoM ke uttarAdhikAriyoM kA kAla unake prabhAva kA dUsarA caraNa thaa| cAlukyoM ke samarthana meM jainadharma kA ullekhanIya prabhAva tathA urvarazakti donoM dakSiNa ke itihAsa para apanI amiTa chApa choDa gye| yaha prabhAva tathA varcasva kuMtala viSaya meM unake adhinasthatA kI tIsarI lahara mAnI gayI aura yaha aisA hI calatA rahA aura rASTrakUToM ke kAla meM apane varcasva tathA lokapriyatA kI carama sImA para pahU~cA jo jainoM ke prabhAva kA cauthA caraNa thaa| rAjanItika rUparekhA unake rAgaraMga meM aksara badalatI rhii| sAMskRtika vikAsa meM rAjanItika saMgharSa bAdhA nahIM thaa| nirgrathoM kI preraNA se kalA, zilpakalA, sAhitya tathA vAstukalA meM unake ullekhanIya kArya darja haiN| vizAla rAjataMtra ke zaharI tathA grAmINa tAnebAne meM isakA prabhAva ghulamila gayA thaa| rAjAoM ne kilebaMdI kara apane rAjyavistAra ke lie apane zatruoM se raktaraMjita yuddha kie the| dhArmika netAoM, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #103
60 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya dharmagurUoM tathA upadezakoM ne niraMtara sauhArdapUrNa saMparkoM se, apane pravacanoM se prArthanAgRhoM kA nirmANa kara gairapAdarI varga ko jIta liyA thaa| isa prakriyA meM sAdhu saMtoM ne jaina dharma ke siddhAnta tathA usake prayoga evaM usakI AdhyAtmika saMskRti meM viziSTa yogadAna diyaa| samakAlIna anya dharmoM ke prati samarasatA tathA syAdavAda se vizeSIkRta thii| __ jainadharma ne apanI sAkha bar3e tathA samRddha zaharoM tathA grAmINa kSetroM meM banAe rakhI thii| cAhe jaina dharma ko nimna darje kA bhI sahayoga thA kiMtu isa mata ko mukhyatayA vyApArI samudAya, rAjaparivAra tathA adhikAriyoM kA samarthana thaa| zreSThI vyApArI, dezI videzI hara taraha ke vastuoM kA vyApAra karate the aura sudura pradezoM meM bhI Ate jAte the| nAyAba tathA mUlyavAna vastuoM kI niryAta AyAta karate the| vyApArI varga zaktizAlI lokapriya tathA sattAdhArI rAjAoM se mAnyatA prApta the, inhoMne unako paTTanazeTTI tatha rAjazreSThI jaise nAma die the| phira paravartiyoM ne rAjadarabAra meM sammAna kA sthAna bhI liyA thaa| aihoLe ke 500 vyApArI samudAya ke logoM ne sAmAjika sammAna bhI prApta kiyaa| ___ avicchinna bala prApta karane tathA sAMskRtika krAMti ke kAraNa jaina dharma saiddhAntika vicAra vinimaya kA keMdra bnaa| AdhyAtmika carcA ke pariNAma svarUpa dharma ke aMtargata hI vartamAna yuga kI prAraMbhika sadI meM vibhinna zAkhAoM tathA skUloM * kA nirmANa huaa| nirguThoM kI maThavAdI paddhati se prAdezikatA tathA grAmINatA kA pracura prasAraNa utpanna hone lgaa| rUpAtaMraNa ke prathama khaMDa ko yApanIya saMgha kahA gayA thA, pAMcavIM sadI meM eka mArmika tathA hilA dene vAlI sI bhUmikA nibhAne phNcaa| yApanIya saMgha ne zvetAMbara tathA digaMbaroM ke madhya sthAna grahaNa kiyaa| viDaMbanA yaha hai ki donoM paravartI saMghoM ne yApanIya ko vidharmI samUha kahakara khaMDana kiyaa| paraMparA se sAmaMjasya rakhate hue tathA sAhityika sAkSya ke AdhAra para yApanIya saMgha kA udaya karNATa meM IsA kI dUsarI sadI meM huaa| isakI jar3eM isa upajAU jamIna meM gaharI gaDa gaI thii| banavAsI ke pUrvI kadaMboM ke rAjA hI pahale the jinhoMne saMgha kI choTI baDI tathA dRDha zAkhAoM sameta usakA sammAna kiyA tathA use samAna stara kA ucca pada diyaa| cAlukyoM ne bhI samAna nIti apanAyI aura yApanIya saMgha ko dRDha kiyaa| bAda meM isa saMgha kA rASTrakUToM ne poSaNa kiyA, jinhoMne cAlukyoM ko haTAkara adhikAra grahaNa kiyA thA aura phira bAda meM eka bAra kalyANa ke cAlukyoM ne rASTrakUToM kI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #104
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 61 jagaha lii| yApanIya saMpradAya pUrNarUpa se phUlA phalA aura paravartI cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla meM apanI carama sImA para pahU~cA aura viDaMbanA yaha ki rAjasI cAlukyoM ke patana ke sAtha hamezA ke lie yaha saMpradAya lupta huaa| ___ yApanIya muni caityavAsI sAdhU bana ge| unake AzramoM tathA prArthanAgRhoM ke prabaMdha ke lie kadaMba rAjA mRgezvarama tathA harivarma ne pAMcavIM sadI meM vizAla bhUbhAga tathA grAmoM kA dAna kiyaa| gaMga rAjA avinIta 469-529 gaMga rAjA ne Aya kA prabaMdha kiyA, upajAu jamIna aura pullura meM maMdira hetu ghara diyA jahA~ yavanikA (yApanIyA) saMpradAya ke sAdhU rahane lage the| . saMkSepa meM prAMta meM sthita jainadharma ke vibhinna saMpradAya tathA rUpoM kA sahaastitva tathA prasAra ne usakA vizada vikAsa kiyaa| yaha saba yugIna sAmAjika-Arthika paristhitiyoM meM parivartana le AyA, jisameM jainadharma vAstava meM dRDhatA se sthApita huA aura purI taraha se samRddha huA, use nidhiyA~ tathA jamIna dAna rUpa meM prApta / huii| maThavAsiyoM Adarza ne sAMsArikatA ke prati Asakti kA mArga khola diyA aura isa prakAra maThavAsI bhaTTArakoM kA udaya huA, jinhoMne vizeSa dharmaprAMta ke pramukha rUpa meM kArya kiyaa| maThavAsI paddhati ke parivartita paridRzya meM Azrama, maMdira tathA 'anya sthAyI imArateM asAdhAraNataH baDha gaI aura dharmaniSThA ko unake vizeSa maThoM kI ora AkarSita karane ke lie eka dUsare se spardhA karane lage the| __ jainadharma ke pUrvI maThoM meM aihoLe, kallavappU, kisuvolAla kA samAveza thaa| zAsana paddhati ke bhavya zaharoM meM kupaNa (kopana, koppaLa), palAsikA, pombulaca (pomburaca, hobuja) humaca, puligere, punnATA Adi zaharoM ne cAlukyoM ke itihAsa meM saMpradAya ke mahatvapUrNa tathA majabUta saMgha ke rUpa meM sthAna paayaa| rAjapratibaddhatA saMpUrNa tathA dila ko chUne vAlI thii| bAdAmI mahala ke saMrakSaNa ke kAraNa nigraMtha kI gatividhiyA~ prabala tathA vistRta huI thii| jaina saMpradAya isa dharatI kA atyaMta prAcIna dharma hai, vizeSa rUpa se usakI prAcInatA sva kA kAyAkalpa' tathA 'paurUSeya' Aja bhI jIvita hai| jisake lie cAlukyoM kI sahAyatA ke prati AbhArI honA caahie| yaha yuga jaina saMgha ke lie mahimAmayI tathA vaibhavazAlI rahA jisane sAhitya tathA vAstukalA para apanI chApa choddii| - saMgha ke gaNoM tathA gacchoM kA nAma jaina-pITha ke AdhAra para rakha die gae the| punnADu eka pradeza thA jo maisUru tathA maDikerI jiloM ke madhya doAba pradeza thaa| AdikadaMba rAjA mayurAzarmA (325-45) ke zilAlekhameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki punnADu For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #105
62 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya (punATa) ke akSa meM heggaDadevanakoTe tAlukA (maisUra jilA) ke AsapAsa kA pradeza tathA vizeSakara kAverI tathA kApenI nadI ke madhya ke pradeza meM jainadharma pnpaa| TAlamI (PTOLEMY) (lagabhaga dUsarI sadI) ne punnATa sthAna kA punnaTa ke nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| tamila kivatA kalavali (IsA kI chaThI sadI) meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki ceMgannana, coloM ke pramukha punalanADu upanAma punnADa kA svAmI thaa| jaina saMgha jo isI punnADu meM udita huA thA, kA nAma isI deza ke nAma punnATa athavA punnADa saMgha rakhA gyaa| kiMtu kitturu (kIrtipura) punnADu kI rAjadhAnI thI ataH punnADu saMgha ko eka aura nAma milA kitturu saMgha, jo ki punnADu ke rAjadhAnI ke nAma para rakhA gayA thaa| kIrtisenamuni (740) punnADu saMgha ke agradUta amitasena AcArya kA ziSya thaa| sAtavIM sadI pUrva ke zravaNabelagoLa ke zilAlekha meM kIrti saMgha ke sAdhuoM kA ullekha huA hai| khyAtanAma mahAkavi jinasena prathama tathA 'harivaMza' (783) ke lekhaka kIrtimunisena ke ziSya tathA amitasena AcArya ke paramaziSya the| ye sAdhu tathA sanyAsI dakSiNa ke kittUra se uttara ke kAThiyavADa ke vardhamAna (vAr3havAna) kI ora sthAnAMtarita hue, jahA~ jinasena ne apanA mahAkAvya rcaa|| jaina tathA baudda saMpradAya donoM samAna rUpa se vAtApI ke guphA maMdiroM meM apanI apanI pratiSThA pA rahe the| jo ki mohita karanevAlA siddhAnta thaa| jaina tathA bauddha samakAlIna the kiMtu pahale kA udbhava bahuta pahale huA thA jabaki donoM kA 1000 varSoM taka sahaastitva thaa| vizeSarUpa se karnATaka meM bauddha dharma bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM ke kAla meM samAna sthAna pA nahIM skaa| donoM dharmoM meM kaI samAnatAe~ hone para bhI bauddha dharma karnATaka tathA dakSiNa se naSTaprAya ho gyaa| ataH sAmAjika-rAjanItika kSetra meM apanA prabhAvI sthAna banAe rakhane bauddha dharma ke lie vAtApI cAlukyoM kA yuga hI aMtima thA aura phira usake bAda jo thA vaha bilakula ulaTA thaa| rASTrakUToM ke patana ke sAtha bauddha dharma bhI isa pradeza para apanI pakar3a nahIM rakha pAyA aura usI samaya jainadharma ko mahatva milA aura saMbhavataH bauddha ke anuyAyiyoM para jainoM ne jIta hAsila kii| smaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki AjIvaka pahale jainadharma meM vilaya ho gae the| ___ataH isa avadhi ko sthAyI tathA surakSita svarga kahA jAegA jahA~ zramaNa saMskRti kA prasAra huaa| usake prabhAva kI tIvratA pAradarzI thii| sAmrAjya ko dRDhibhUta banAne meM jainoM ne sIdhI tathA nirNAyaka bhUmikA nibhAyI thii| aura eka bAra phira nirgrathoM kI gatividhiyoM meM jvAra AyA thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #106
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 63 jaina dharmaniSTha I.pU. tIsarI sadI ke aMta taka mUrtipUjaka bana gae jisakI sAkSya kaMkAlI-TilA (mathurA) ke utkhanana meM milatI hai| caturvidha saMgha caturvidha saMgha ke prati cAlukyoM kA rukha ThaMDA yA taTastha nahIM thaa| balki ve atigrahaNazIla the tathA anekAnta ke pracAra meM gahare jur3e the| vibhinna dharma, mata, saMpradAya yA muniyoM ke nAma, Azrama tathA maThoM ke samarthana kI prakRti ke bAre meM zilAlekha rocaka jAnakArI dete haiN| jainoM ke prArthanA sthAna ke upayoga meM lAyI gayI jamIna kA lagAna tathA deya kI rodhakSamatA kA ullekha tatkAlIna zilAlekhoM meM kiyA gayA hai, jo isa bAta kA Thosa pramANa hai ki ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko unakA sakriya sahayoga thaa| cAlukyoM ke yugIna saMdarbha meM jaina vAstukalA kI utpatti tathA svarUpa kA lekhA vaividhyapUrNa vaibhava kA samagra pratibiMba prastuta karatA hai| sthAnIya / zailI tathA mAdhyama kI carcA bAda ke do adhyAyoM meM kI jaaegii| ___ vAstava meM jaina dharma kA pratispardhI bauddha dharma ko milane vAlI sahAyatA kI apekSA kaI adhika mAtrA meM laMbe samaya taka jainoM ko jo sahAyatA pracura mAtrA meM milI isakA paricaya hameM sAmrAjya ke anya kSetroM meM usake sthAna se hI milatA hai| sattAdhIza gharAnoM kA sahayoga atyaMta mahatvapUrNa thA kiMtu yahI saMpradAya ke laMbe samaya taka jIvita rahane ke lie kAphI nahIM hai| jaina tapasviyoM ke samudAya kA saMpradAyoM tathA upasaMpradAyoM meM vikhaMDana kI pahala AcArya arhadabali (pahalI tathA dUsarI sadI) se kI gaI thI jisane mahAvIra se utpanna mUlasaMgha ko vyavasthita rUpa se cAra tapasviyoM ke daloM jaise sena, deva, siMha tathA naMdi saMgha meM vibhAjita kara diyA thaa| ye mukhyatayA dakSiNa digaMbara saMpradAya the| nirgaMTha saMpradAya meM pratyeka tapasvI apane dala ko ghoSita karane ke lie aksara apane nAma ke Age apane dala ke upabhAga kA nAma lagA dete the ,jaise jinasena, samantabhadra deva, vAdibhasiMha tathA maaghnNdii| jisase inake sAmudAyika yA sAMpradAyika upabhAga kI sUcanA milatI hai| lekina saMpradAya-upasaMpradAya ke nAma ko apane vaiyaktika nAma ke sAtha joDanA anivArya nahIM thaa| hAlA~ki isa pustaka ke lekhaka cAlukyoM ke zilAlekha meM ullekhita devagaNa ko barAbarI kA darjA dene ke lie lalaka uThatA hai| vaha yaha kahatA hai ki desigaNa saMbhavataH devagaNa kA agradUta thaa| Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki desigaNa yaha zabda For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #107
64 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya tatkAlIna abhilekha meM AtA nahIM hai| sena saMgha ke do dharmaguru Adisena paMDita tathA devendrasena paMDita ke vidyamAna nAma yaha nizcita karate haiM ki. 1. sena saMgha kA janma karnATaka meM huaa| 2. sena saMgha bAdAmI cAlukyoM ke kAla meM astitva meM aayaa| 3. dakSiNa se uttara meM usakA prasAra huaa| 4. rASTrakUToM ke yuga meM vaha apanI bhavyatA kI caramasImA para pahuMcA thaa| caturvidha saMgha kaI keMdroM meM phalA phuulaa| nirgaMTha ke saMpradAya kI dharma sabhA meM isakA samAveza kiyA gayA, zilAlekha mUlasaMgha ko sabase uttama batAte hai, desigaNa, zirobiMdu thaa| mUlasaMgha kA koMDakuMdAnvaya jainadharma meM atyaMta prAcIna hai| mUlasaMgha muniyoM kI prabhutvapUrNa saMsthA jisakA saMdarbha kaI zilAlekhoM meM AyA hai, vaha mahAvIra dvArA sthApita kI gaI thii| iMdrabhUti gautama pahalA dharmaguru thaa| phira bhadrabAhu use dakSiNa lekara AyA phira vaha kaI gaNoM tathA gacchoM meM vibhAjita huaa| koMDakuMda AcArya dharmAdhikArI ne nizcita samUha ko samekita kara mahAsaMgha kA nirmANa kiyA jo dakSiNa kI durbhedya zakti thii| (nAgarAjayyA haMpa.- jaina kArapasa oNpha koppala . inaskripazana : 1999: P. 30). saMbhavataH karnATaka ke mUla saMgha kA pahalA ullekha bAdAmI cAlukya rAjavaMza ke vinayAditya ke zAsana kAla meM huA hogaa| mUlasaMghAnvaya devagaNa tilaka dhruvadevAcArya dharmopadezAtaM (SII:XX. No. 4. A.D. - 683 : PuligeRe, p.-3) mUlasaMgha kA mUla nAma thA 'nigraMtha mahAzramaNa saMgha' thaa| jaba draviDa saMgha tathA kASThasaMgha apanI AvazyakatA ke kAraNa apane mUla tane se alaga hue to mUla zAkhA kA mUla saMgha ke nAma se punaH nAmakaraNa kiyA gyaa| AMdhrapradeza, karnATaka tathA mahArASTra ne mAnaka samaya gaNanA ke lie zAlivAhana (sAtavAhana) zaka paddhati kA anusaraNa kiyA jisakA parilakSita biMdu thA I.sa. 78. zaka prAcIna sIthiyA (kAle sAgara ke uttara pradeza kA nivAsI) janajAti ke the jinhoMne gujarAta, kaThiyAvADa pradeza para apanA prabhUtva banAe rakhA jo jainadharma kA majabUta sthAna thA tathA jainadharma ke smrthk| jainamuni sarvanaMdI ne pallarAga siMhavAhana ke kAryakAla (436-60) ke dvitIya varSa meM 25 agasta 408 ko kAMcI meM brahmAMDavijJAna para (nigraMtha pratinidhi niyamAkula pAya) lokavibhAga pUrNa kiyA thA, jisameM usane zaka varSa 380 (arthAta 458 ) kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaina dharmaguruoM tathA vidvAnoM ko isa samaya gaNanA ke prati eka lagAva sA ho gayA thA aura unhoMne dakSiNa meM dharma mata ke pracAra-prasAra meM svayaM ko DhAla diyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #108
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 65 phalasvarUpa apane dharma ke pracAra meM inhoMne isa samasa gaNanA ke lie anukula vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa bhI kiyA thaa| bAdAmI ke cAlukya samrATa dakSiNa bhArata ke zaka yuga ke pracAra meM pramukha mAdhyama siddha hue the| kyoMki unhoMne eka vizAla sAmrAjya kA nirmANa kiyA thA aura isa samaya taka jaina dharma karnATaka se dRDha saMbaMdha sthApita kara cukA thA aura yaha mata tathA usake dharmaguru apane dhArmika vizvAsa se cAlukya rAjAoM kA samarthana pA cuke the| isakA citra upasthita karane vAlI do pramukha ghaTanAe~ haiM...pahalI ghaTanA hai, bAdAmI kI jainaguphAe~ tathA khyAtanAma vidvAna tathA kavi ravikIrti, jo pulakezi dvitIya kA rakSaka thA aura usane pulakezI kI prazasti kI racanA kI thii| cAlukyoM ne apane abhilekhoM meM zaka yuga kA prayoga kiyA thA aura isa prayoga ke kaI udAharaNa vidyamAna haiN| eka bahucarcita ghaTanA kA yahA~ ullekha hai| bAdAmI ke eka pASANa para likhe purAlekha meM zaka 465 kA ullekha hai| isameM pulakezI prathama ke dvArA kile - ke nirmANa kA varNana hai| dUsarI ghaTanA hai, aihoLe meM pulakezI dvitIya kI prazasti jisase do yugoM meM tithiyA~ haiM... kali 3735 tathA zaka 556 (desAI pI.bI. (saMpA) (dUsarA saM) 1981:82-89). * jaina paraMparAe~ tathA daMtakathAe~ pratiSThAnapura zahara ke irda girda bunI gaI thii| jo sadiyoM taka jainadharma tathA jainaguruoM kA eka majabUta sthAna thaa| eka paraMparA ke anusAra sAtavAhana rAjavaMza ke eka mahatvapUrNa rAjA hAla ne jina (jaina) kI zikSA kA lAbha pAyA thA aura pratiSThAnapura meM kaI jaina maMdira banavAye the| paraMparAeM hAla ko zAlivAhana gaNanA kA saMsthApaka mAnatI haiN| tathApi karnATaka ke saMdarbha meM cAlukya hI pahale rAjA the jinhoMne zaka gaNanA ko lAgU kiyaa| jaisA ki itihAsakAroM ne kahA hai, isakA kAraNa jainoM kA prabhAva hI hai| rAjA gardabhilla, bhRgakaccha (lATadeza kA bharUca, dakSiNa gujarAta) ke eka amAnuSi rAjA ne jaina sAdhvI tathA AcArya kAlaka upanAma AryazAma (prathama sadI) kI bahana sarasvatI kA apaharaNa kiyA aura AcArya ke virodha kI upekSA kara use pAne ke lie Age bddhaa| Arya kAlaka paDosI sAhisa (pArasakula ke zaka) ke pAsa gayA tAki vaha gardabhilla para apanI purI zakti se vAra kara use kucala ske| jaina sAdhvI sarasvatI ko gardabhilla se chuDA liyA gayA aura phira eka bAra use jainoM ke aMtaHpura meM praveza diyA gyaa| yaha sArI ghaTanAe~ zaka zAsana kI sthApanA kI hI AgAz2a thii| tathApi, jaina rAjakumAra vikramAditya ne usake bAda videzI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #109
66 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya zAsaka zakoM ko viphala kiyA aura eka nae yuga kA zubha saMketa diyaa| isa prakAra varSa 57 lokapriya vikramI zaka gaNanA kA prAraMbha huaa| isake alAvA zAlivAhana zaka saMvatsara, AMdhra karnATaka tathA mahArASTra meM I.sa. 78 caita (yugAdI) mahIne se vizAla stara para pracalita huaa| karnATaka kA itihAsa (A History of Karnataka) pustaka ke vidvAna saMpAdaka ne isa zaka gaNanA ko svIkRta karane ke pIche kyA kAraNa rahe the isakA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| __ pahale gujarAta-kAThiyavADa pradeza jo zaka zAsakoM ke rAjya meM milA huA thaa| jainoM kA pramukha keMdra thA aura sattAzakti isa dharma ke samarthana meM Age bddh'ii| ataH jaina dharmaguru tathA vidvAna, jinako isa kAlagaNanA ke prati Asakti nirmANa huI thI, ve dakSiNa meM, isa dharma ke pracAra prasAra meM sakriyatA se laga ge| isI ke sAtha isa dharma kA prasAra karate samaya, isa kAla gaNanA ke prati anukula vAtAvaraNa bhI unhoMne hI nirmANa kiyA thaa| isa saMdarbha meM, isa bAta kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki jaina guru siMhasuri jisane sudUra dakSiNa kAMci meM lokavibhAga kRti kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| usameM zaka varSa 380 (arthAta 458 e.DI.) kA ullekha kiyA hai| dUsarA, pazcima mAlavA ke ujjayani ko zaka rAjAoM ke rAjya meM milAyA gayA thA, jo khagoliya adhyayana kA pramukha keMdra thaa| sadiyoM taka samaya kI kasauTI para zaka varSa gaNanA ko kasA gayA thA aura vaha usa para kharI bhI utarI thii| ataH khagoliya gaNanA ke lie ujjayani ke paMDitoM ne ise yogya smjhaa| khagoliya gaNanA ke lie isa gaNanA kA cayana bAda meM magabrAhmaNoM ke rUpa meM Ane jAne vAle varAhamihira jaise zaharoM ke zreSTha khagolajJa ke dvArA tathya ke AdhAra para aura dRDha kiyA gyaa| ye maga-brAhmaNa mUlataH magi bha Araka the, jo zaka dvIpa athavA seSTA (zakoM ka deza paraziyA) ke mUla pravAsI the| bAdAmI ke cAlukya samrATa, jinhoMne vizAla sAmrAjya kA nirmANa kiyA thA, dakSiNa bhArata ke kaI kSetroM meM zaka yuga kA pracAra karane vAle pramukha mAdhyama the| isa samaya taka jaina dharma karnATaka meM purI taraha se sthApita ho cukA thA aura yaha dharma tathA usake dharmaguru apane anya dhArmika vicAradhArAoM ke sAtha cAlukya rAjAoM se samarthana pA cuke the| isake do pramukha udAharaNa hai ...eka, bAdAmI kI jaina guphAe~ tathA pulakezI dvitIya kA Azrita prasiddha jaina kavi tathA vidvAna ravikIrti jisane pulakezi dvitIya kI prazasti kI racanA kI thii| zaka yuga kA ullekha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #110
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 67 cAlukyoM ne apane abhilekhoM meM karanA zuru kiyA thA aura isake do udAharaNoM kA ullekha ucita hogA, bAdAmI ke eka pASANa ke purAlekha meM zaka 465 kA ullekha huA hai aura jo pulakezI prathama dvArA nirmita kile kA varNana karatA hai aura dvitIya hai... aihoLe meM pulakezi dvitIya kI prazasti, jisa para do yugoM kA ullekha hai, kali 3735 tathA zaka 556. / kannaDa deza meM, chaThI se terahavIM sadI taka purAlekhoM meM zaka varSa, zaka kAla, zaka-nRpa-kAla, zaka-nRpa rAjyAbhiSeka saMvatsara Adi kA ullekha aksara pAyA gayA hai| vidvAna kavi ravikIrti isa tIthi kA isa prakAra ullekha karatA hai ki, zaka rAjAoM ke adhikAriyoM tathA tatkAlIna vidvAnoM meM zaka yuga ke prati eka prakAra kI jAgRti thii| terahavIM tathA usake bAda kI zatAbdI meM videzI musalamAnoM dvArA uttara bhArata para kiyA gayA AkramaNa tathA kabjA. videzI mala kI kAla gaNanAzaka gaNanA ke prati vidvadajanoM meM virodhI pratikriyA kA kAraNa bnaa| saMbhavataH isase pratiSThAna meM sAtavAhana kA zAsana tathA sAtavAhana rAjAoM kI zaka tathA anya videziyoM para vijaya kI purAnI smRtiyA~ jaga gaI hoNgii| zaka kAla gaNanA, jo apanI gaharI jar3eM jamA cukI thI, usako ukhADA nahIM jA sakA thaa| ataH unhoMne isI prakAra kI anya kAla gaNanA kA nirmANa kiyA aura usameM unhoMne sAtavAhana nAma joDa diyaa| isaprakAra, usake bAda saMzodhita kAlagaNanA zAlivAhana zaka kA pracalana huaa| ___ yaha parivartana mukhyataH pratiSThAna ke jaina vidvAnoM tathA jyotiSiyoM ne lAyA thaa| isa prakAra ke nAma parivartana ke lie nyAyocita tathA yuktisaMgata vivaraNa kI AvazyakatA hai| sAtavAhana athavA zAlivAhana rAjAoM ke dvArA isake udbhava tathA sthApanA ke pUrvAnumAna para yaha bAta kahI gayI thii| isI ke sAtha sAtha, paurANika kalpita rAjA zAlivAhana kI kathA ko bahuta jyAdA mahatva yaha kahakara diyA gayA ki usake pAsa camatkArI zaktiyA~ thI aura usane pratiSThAna para zAsana bhI kiyA thaa| jaina. paraMparA tathA daMtakathAe~ pratiSThAnapura ke irda girda bunI gaI thI jo sadiyoM taka jaina dharma tathA jainaguruoM kA keMdra sthAna thaa| eka paraMparA ke anusAra sAtavAhana rAjavaMza ke eka mahatvapUrNa rAjA hAla ne jina kI zikSA tathA siddhAnta kA lAbha prApta kiyA thA aura pratiSThAnapura meM kaI jaina maMdira banavAe the| paraMparAeM hAla ko zAlivAhana gaNanA kA saMsthApaka mAnatI haiN| zAlivAhana zaka kA saMzodhita nAmakaraNa anaitihAsika tathA aitihisika donoM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #111
68 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya thAvaha anaitihAsika isalie thA kyoMki pUrvAnumAna thA ki sAtavAhana athavA zAlivAhana rAjA ne isa kAla gaNanA kA prAraMbha kiyA thA aura yaha aitihAsika ghaTanA ke ucita strota hone kA saMketa karatA hai jo usake saMzodhita nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra yaha ghaTanA nizcita hI videzI zakoM para sAtavAhana rAjA ke vijaya kI rahI hogii| isakA Aropa 'hAla' rAjA para nahIM lagAyA jA sktaa| sAtavAhanoM ke itihAsa ke punaH racanA ke anusAra 'hAla' kA senApramukha rAja parivAra se saMbaMdhita nahIM thA aura parAkramI yoddhA tathA senApati kI apekSA eka vidvAna tathA lekhaka thaa| isa prakAra nae saMzodhita zAlivAhana saMvatsara ke sAtha eka aitihAsika mahAna vyakti gautamaputra zatakarNI ke pUrvAnumAna ke AdhAra para saMbaMdha joDanA na aitihAsika rUpa se ucita hogA na hAla ke prati nyAyasaMgata hogaa| ataH yaha bAta hameM spaSTa rUpa se dhyAna meM rakhanI hogI ki prAraMbhika kAla gaNanA kA udbhavaM zaka zAsana se huA thA na ki gautama putra zatakAraNI aura nA hI sAtavAhana rAjavaMza ke anya kisI rAjA ne aitihAsika ghaTanA ke rUpa meM kAla gaNanA kI sacamuca sthApanA kI thii| (A History of Karnataka: (eds): Desai P.B. Srinivas H. Rithi B.R, Gopal. (2nd revised): 1981:87: 89). isa kAlAvadhi meM pramukha jaina prArthanA maMdiroM ke samUhoM ko abhilikhita kiyA * gayA hai| paraluru to Adhunika haLLUru ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai jo bAgalakoTa jile ke parva meM 20 kilo mITara kI dUrI para sthita hai| yaha kabhI jainoM ke pradhAna keMdra ke rUpa meM phUlA phalA thaa| prApta sAkSya usakI prAcInatA aura usake pUjanIya tathA zreSTha maThoM ke astitva meM hone kI gAthA kahate haiN| navilUru saMgha ne sAtavIM sadI ke prAraMbha se kArya karanA prAraMbha kiyA thaa| jabaki paraluru saMgha usase bhI prAcIna hai aura vaha pAMcavIM sadI se hI sakriya thaa| paraluru saMgha se nikalI eka zAkhA ko mRgezavarma (475-80) se rAja abhijJAna tathA pracura mAtrA meM anudAna bhI milA thaa| pAMcavIM sadI ke zilAlekha meM use bahata paralUru kahA gayA hai| cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla meM isa sthAna ne vismayakArI jaina pITha ke rUpa meM apanI pramukha bhUmikA nibhAyI thii| paralUru bAdAmI se bahuta dUra nahIM thaa| rAjadhAnI bAdAmI ke dakSiNa pazcima meM navilUra thA jaba ki pazcima meM huuli| ___ maMgaleza ke zAsana kAla ke kAMsya patroM meM yaha abhilikhita hai ki kanakazakti ke yuga meM ravizakti ke dvArA 50 nivartana jamIna kiruva kere ke zAMtinAtha jinAlaya For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #112
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 69 ko dI gaI thii| hUli, eka jaina pITha ke rUpa meM lagabhaga 700 varSa chaThI sadI ke uttarArdha se 12vIM sadI ke aMta taka phUlatA phalatA rhaa| arthAt bAdAmI cAlukyoM se usakI zurUAta huI to kalyANa cAlukyoM taka vaha naSTa hone kI kagAra para thaa| uparyukta kAMsya patra ke purAlekha kA prAraMbha hI zAMtinAtha jina ke udghATana se hotA hai aura zrInIdhi tathA abhayanaMdI paralUru saMgha to guruoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha karate haiN| cAlukyoM ne pASANa-saMracanA kA vizeSa samarthana kiyaa| unhoMne eka avadhi taka jinendrabhavana ko zilAo meM hI dekhA jaba ki prArthanAgRhoM kA nirmANa karane ke lie IMTa, cUnA tathA lakar3iyA~ kalAkAroM aura bhaktagaNoM ko priya the| ___ paravartI kadaMboM ke zAsanakAla ke daurAna nirgaMTha ke maMdira nirmANa kI vikAsa prakriyA meM aura gati paayii| pariNAmasvarUpa svataMtra bhakti kI parikalpanA kA udbhava huaa| jainoM ko rAjyasamarthana milane ke kAraNa unhoMne Age chalAMga lagAI jisase kalA tathA sAhitya ke kSetra meM gatividhiyAM hone meM sahAyatA milii| yakSa tathA yakSI kI parikalpanA ne eka nayA AyAma diyA aura jisase jainadharma meM eka rocaka pravRtti kA nirmANa huaa| devI padmAvatI (arhata pArzva kI jinazAsana devatA) pUrvI kadaMboM kI ISTa devatA thii| pUrvI kadaMboM ne chaThI sadI ke prAraMbhika varSoM meM apane nivAsa ke pAsa hI kallIli meM eka prArthanA maMdira banavAyA thaa| saMbhavataH devI padmAvatI kA yaha sabase purAnA maMdira rahA hogaa| lagabhaga isI daurAna vAtApI ke cAlukyoM kA Agamana huA aura jinake lie devI aMbikA priya ArAdhya devatA bana gaI aura ravikIrti ne isa devI ko sAmrAjya meM lokapriya banA diyA / ___prArthanA maMdira nirmANa karane ke alAvA dAna dene ke lie dAnazAlAoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA aura unako pramukha jinAlayoM se joDA gyaa| dAnazAlA pravarttanArthama (SI.XX.4. AD:683 haDagile grAma) dAnazAlA nimittaM nagarada dakSiNa zyAmadizI seMboLala nAma grAmaM sarvabAdhA parihAraM ddadada (ibid. No. 5. AD. 723) . dAnazAlA nirvahanArthama kaDDamagrAmA (ibid 6.730) dharmagAmuMDa nirmApita jinAlaya dAnazAlAdi saMvRddhaya vijJApitena (KI. vol No.3. AD. 750 . ADUra. p. 7) 'jinazAlAoM ke nirmANa karane tathA use lokapriya banAne kA zreya isI yuga ko jAtA hai| ADUra, haDagile tathA puligere meM banAI gaI dAnazAlAe~ bahuta saMpanna thiiN| jinAyatana tathA dAnazAlAoM kA nirmANa dharmagAmuMDa ke dvArA aihoLe ke pAsa ADUra For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #113
70 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya meM kiyA gayA thaa| grAmapramukha gAmuMDa tathA karaNoM ke dvArA ATha mattara kI jamIna prArthanA ke lie jineMdra bhavana ko dAna meM dI gaI thii| .. ___vATagrAmapura, Adhunika vADanera (mahArASTra, nAsika jilA, mAlegAMva tAlukA) pUrvI cAlukyoM se lekara paravartI cAlukyoM taka ke kAla se sAtavIM sadI se bArahavIM saMdI taka jainoM kA pramukha keMdra ke rUpa me panapA thaa| chaThI sadI meM banAI gaI dhArAziva kI chaH jaina guphAeM bAdAmI tathA aihoLe kI jainaguphAoM se milatI ?julatI yA samakAlIna sI lagatI hai| AThavIM sadI ke pUrva akolA tathA puNe jile kI aMbikA kI pratimA ko milAkara 27 kAMsya kI pratimAoM kA kiyA gayA saMcaya aura sAtaMvIM sadI kI khudI huI kAMsya kI pratimA Adi sAmrAjya ke uttarI bhAga meM jainoM kI sthiti ke vizvasanIya purAtatviya dastAveja haiN| I.sa.659 ke purAlekha kI eka ukti kisuvoLala mahAnagare vikhyAte sthitva mahAnagara kisuvoLAla (lAlanagarI) ke mahatva ko hI pratibiMbita karatI hai| yaha lAla nagarI (kisuvoLAla) pa dakala ke nAma se bhI jAnI jAtI hai|. aihoLe, bAdAmI tathA kisuvoLAla ke AsapAsa kA pradeza kaI aitihAsika . tathA avismaraNIya ghaTanAoM se mahakatA thaa| cAlukyoM ke Ane se pahale bhI vaha pradeza sAtavAhanoM tathA kadaMboM kI paitRka saMpati kI gavAha rahA hai| hAla hI meM kI gaI khojoM meM pAe gae iToM se banAe jinabhavana ke avazeSa pUrvI cAlukyoM ke kAla ke hoMge, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| paTTadakala ke vidyamAna jaina nArAyaNa maMdira ke pIche kA prAcIna jinabhavana tathA kAyotsarga kI mudrA meM khaDe eka tIrthaMkara kI pratimA kI khoja yaha nizcita karatI hai ki isa pradeza meM jainoM ko samAja meM paramAdara kA sthAna prApta huA thaa| ina aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke maddenajara vidyamAna prAcIna jainamaMdiroM ko agara krama se rakhA jAya to sabase prathama AtA hai, halasI (palasikA) kA pattharoM meM banA jaina maMdira jo pAMcavIM sadI ke uttarArdha meM banA thaa| usake bAda AtA hai chaThI sadI meM utkhanana ke daurAna pa dakala meM pAyA gayA IToMvAla maMdira aura aihoLe kA meguDI (634) puligere kA zaMkha jainamaMdira bhale hI ve Aja bhI vidyamAna hai kiMtu unakA kaI bAra navInIkaraNa kiyA gayA thA aura jo kramazaH chaThI tathA sAtavIM sadI ke the| ___ cAlukyoM ke rAjaparivAra kA zaMkha jinAlaya maMdira jisake daravAjoM kI caukhaToM tathA stambhoM kI nIMva ke lie mAtra pattharoM kA istemAla kara IToM se banavAyA gayA thA, naSTaprAya kara diyA gayA thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #114
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 71 samayocita jainadharma ke anurUpa vAtApI cAlukyoM kI kAlAvadhi mUrtivijJAna ke lie mahatvapUrNa thii| yaha vahI samaya thA jaba parikara tathA ATha pratihAroM ke dala kA kramabaddha vikAsa huaa| aihoLe, bAdAmI pa dakala tathA puligere jo bhAratIya vAstukalA kI kuMjiyA~ thI, aise hI prayoga ke pramukha sthAna the| tIrthaMkaroM tathA zAsana devatAoM kI pratimAe~, parikaroM arthAta unake saMvakoM Adi sameta paripUrNatA ke sAtha prakaTa huI thii| prAcIna keMdroM se prApta aise zilpa isakI sAkSya dete hai aura anya keMdroM se prApta pratimAoM ke saha astitva kA bhI samarthana karate haiN| devI aMvikA kI prAcIna mUrti, jvAlAmAlinI yakSI, zyAma yakSa, arhata pArzva kA zilpa, bAhubali, devI padmAvatI, dharaNeMdra Adi inhIM jagahoM kI pratimAe~ hai| isakI carcA Age hogii| __ dhArmika saMpannatA se saMbaMdhita vizeSa sthAnoM kA aitihAsika dRSTi se kiyA gayA sUkSmAtisUkSma adhyayana samAja meM unakI bhUmikA para prakAza DAlatA hai| tIrthakSetroM ke itihAsa para kie gae aise anusaMdhAna kaI choTe baDe pavitra sthAnoM, keMdroM ko udghATita karate haiM aura jisane zramaNa saMgha tathA upadezakoM ke samAna hI samarthakoM ko joDane meM mahatvapUrNa tathA prabhAvI bhUmikA nibhAyI thii| lagAtAra saMparka ne isa dharma ke pracAra prasAra ke sAtha sAtha use jIvita rakhane meM sahAyatA phuNcaayii| - kasTagerI (gadaga jilA.) kA jinAlaya jise zAMtibhAgavada caitAlaya kahA jAtA thA, jo solahaveM tIrthaMkara ko samarpita thA, rAjasamarthana se saMpanna thaa| ravizakti ne (seMdraka kA Azrita) isa maMdira ko jamIna dAna meM dI thii| AcArya abhayanaMdI paralUru saMgha ke zrInIdhi AcArya ke ziSya, isa dAna ko prApta karanevAle the| koMDizulara kuppA upanAma kIrtivarma ne jebulagirI ke cedikA ke sAmane ekazilpa khar3A kiyA, jise kaliyamma ne banavAyA thaa| pratiSThita vidvAna saMtoM kI AkAzagaMgA ne isa sthAna tathA kAla kI praMzasA kI hai| purAlekhoM meM ullekhita kucha AcAryoM ke nAma nimnalikhita hai... Aditya paMDita, devendra paMDita, jayadeva paMDita, prabhAcaMdra, abhayanaMdI AcArya, zrInIdhi AcArya, vidyAnaMda, vAsudevaguru, udayadeva, vijayadaMva, rAmadevAcArya, cikkaNa devAcArya, Adisena paMDita, devendrasena paMDita, iMdranaMdI, zivanaMdI, siddhanaMdI, jayanaMdI, sirinaMdI, ajitasena, dharmasena, puSpanaMdI tathA bldev| jaina tyAgiyoM kI paMkti meM unako banavAsI yA caityavAsI banane kI anumati thii| cAlukyoM ke kAla meM paribhramI tathA nivAsI tyAgI donoM sakriya the| isa vakta yaha dekhA nahIM jAtA thA ki ve gRhastha hai yA gRhtyaagii| basa isa bAta para vizeSa jora diyA jAtA thA ki For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #115
72 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya ve yati jIvana ke tatvoM kA kar3A pAlana kreN| ina vidvAna AcAryoM ne apane jIvanakAla meM jaina paraMparA kI bhavya-divyatA dekhI thii| samrATa kA darabArI salAhakAra tathA AdhyAtmika guru honA apane Apa meM eka bahuta bar3A prabhAvI kArya thA jo ki eka jaina tyAgI ke lie apane aMtima anuzIlana meM satakarma hI thaa| ___kaI dharmaguru mUlasaMgha ke the| kittura saMgha naviluru saMgha, punnATa saMgha, sena saMgha tathA yApanIya saMgha kA bhI abhilekhoM meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yaha sArI zAkhAupazAkhAe~ rAja sahAyatA tathA gRha-parivAroM ke kAraNa samRddha huI thii| hAlA~ki rAja kavi ravikIrti ko yApanIya saMgha kA upAsaka mAnA jAtA thaa| lekina abhI yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki Aditya tathA devendra paMDita ne senavAra pramukhoM se gosAsa (godAna) liyA thA jabaki jayadeva paMDita puligere ke zaMkha jinAlaya kA prabhArI thaa| yaha sarvavidita tathya hai ki prAcIna kAla meM dharma ke vikAsa ke lie rAja samarthana Avazyaka thaa| cAlukya, jaina samarthana meM sakriya the| jaina saMgha ke sAtha cAlukyoM kA saMbaMdha tathA unakI sakriyatA saMkSepa meM nimnalikhita hai| 1. pulakezI dvitIya ne rAjakavi kA samarthana kiyA, jise rAjavaMza kA prAmANika itihAsakAra mAnA jAtA hai| 2. pulakezI ke sAmaMta rAjA durgazakti ne 500 nivartana kI jamIna lakSmezrvara ke neminAtha kI sthAyI pUjA hetu dI thii| 3. jina kA kaTTara upAsaka kIrtivarma dvitIya ne jainoM ke pracAra prasAra ke lie pracura mAtrA meM nIdhi dI thii| 4. jaina dharma meM dIkSita vijayAditya ne zaMkhajinAlaya meM prArthanA hetu kaddama grAma dAna meM diyA aura ise prApta karanevAlA thA udayadeva paMDita upanAma rAjagurU niravadaya pNddit| 5. vinayAditya ne mUlasaMgha devagaNa ke jaina bha Araka dhruvadevAcArya ko haDagile (zirahaTTI tAlUkA) grAma upahArasvarUpa diyA thaa| 6. rAjakumArI kuMkuma mahAdevI ne puligere meM AnesejjayA basadI kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| usake bar3e bhAI vijayAditya ne guDikere grAma (ziggA~va tAlUkA) dAna meM diyA thaa| purAlekhiya DATA ke anusAra AnesejjayA basadI ko pracura mAtrA meM nidhiyA~ milI thIM tathA use rAjapratiSThA bhI prApta huI thii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #116
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 73 7. eka zilAlekha jo ki vikramAditya ke zAsanakAla ke pA~caveM varSa ke tAmrapatra kA hI pratirUpa hai, meM jaina-mulasaMgha devagaNa ko anudAna milane kA ullekha hai| zake 608 kA yaha rikArDa pAMcaveM vibhAga meM die gae saMdarbha ke samAna hai| anya vivaraNa kI carcA isa pustaka meM anya jagaha para kI jaaegii| 8. bikkirANaka (vikramAditya dvitIya) ne zaMkha jinAlaya ke parisara meM sthita jinabhaTTAraka maMdira tathA dAnazAlAoM ko semaboLAla grAma (zyAbALa, zirahaTTI tAlUkA) dAna meM diyA thaa| rAjA vikramAditya raNavaloka kA saMkSipta rUpa vikkiroNaka thaa| 9. kIrtivarma dvitIya ke adhinastha kaliyamma gAmuMDa ne I.sa.751 meM jebuLageri meM cediyA banavAyA thaa| cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla kA yaha saMbhavataH aMtima .. jaina maMdira thaa| ___10. vijayAditya ne, apane zAsanakAla meM 34veM varSa meM raktapura (kisuvoLAla) meM rahate samaya, lagabhaga 729 ke AsapAsa udaya paMDita deva ko eka grAma : dAna meM diyA thaa| puligere ke ye dharmaguru, pUjyapada vaMzakrama ke ziSya, mUlasaMgha devagaNa ke the| usane vijayAditya tathA usake pitA vinayAditya se. Adara sammAna prApta kiyA thaa| 11. ravizakti, seMdraka sAmaMta rAjAoM ne 50 nivartana kI jamIna 600 meM kiruva kera ke zAMtinAtha jinAlaya ko dAna meM dI thii| saMbhavataH mannata kI kAryasiddhI ke upalakSya meM dAna diyA hogaa| 12. zaMkha jinAlaya ke sAtha hI puligere ke nikaTa kA dhavala jinAlaya bhI rAja paropakAra ke kAraNa samRddha huA thaa| 733-34 meM vIrayoddhA samrATa vikramAditya ne dhavala jinAlaya ko dAna diyA thaa| saMbhrAnta jaina saMgha aitihAsika dastAveja tathA bhojapatroM para likhI pAMDulipiyoM kA mahatva samajhatA thaa| ataH jahA~ bhI unhoMne prAcIna dastAvejoM kA hrAsa hote dekhA, usakI pratilipi banAkara rkhii| ye purAlekha jaina dharma-guru dvArA die jAne vAle sahayoga kA pramANa hai, jinhoMne jaMgaloM tathA pahADoM kI ekAMta guphAoM meM apanA AdhyAtma jIvana vyatIta kiyA thaa| jaina dharma logoM ke prema sneha tathA tatkAlIna zAsakoM ke samarthana se sthApita huA aura mukta saMrakSaNa kA anubhava liyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #117
74 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya dharma tathA dhArmika keMdroM ke sAtha pahacAna banAe rakhane ke lie udAra dAna tathA apanI saMpatti kA sahabhAjana eka gaMbhIra ciMtA kA viSaya thaa| sAtha hI prabhU kI nisvArtha tathA asIma udAratA, jIvana meM guNa arjita karanA hI thaa| cAlukya rAjA pazcAtApa se zAMta rahane vAle saradAra nahIM the| balki ve vIrocita evaM zreSTha the| kalA, vAstukalA tathA aisI sRjanAtmaka kalAoM ke prati rAjAoM kI tIvra ruci kyoM thI isakI carcA Age ke adhyAyoM meM kI jaaegii| ___karnATa deza, balki kuMtala deza kA jainoM ke sAtha dRDha saMbaMdha isa yuga ke prAraMbha se hI thaa| ataH hara kSetra meM jaina saMgha meM jaina saMgha phUlatA phalatA samRddhI karatA gyaa| rAja pratiSThita, rAjAoM tathA rAniyoM ne khulakara jaina dharma se mitravata vyavahAra kiyA aura ina prAcIna mata ke abhirakSaka hone kA AnaMda liyaa| ravikIrti ne apane AzrayadAtA kI vaMzAvalI tathA upalabdhiyoM ko apanI sRjanAtmaka pratibhA kI kAvyAtmaka utkRSTatA se itihAsa ko saMkalita kiyaa| purAlekhoM ke vizva meM usakA aihoLe zilAlekha upayukta sthAna prApta karatA hai| ___ cAlukyoM ke yuga kA eka mAtra jJAta kavi tathA karnATa ke itihAsa kA prathama . rAjakavi, jisane (savyasAcI) pravINatA tathA kavitva ko samAna rUpa se sahajatA se prApta kiyA thA, pulakezI kA mitra, mArgadarzaka tathA dArzanika thaa| sAtha hI sAtha vaha daNDanAyaka tathA maMtrI bhI thaa| isa prakAra ravikIrti eka sAtha bahuta kucha thA, isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usakA kitanA sammAna kiyA jAtA thA aura zAsakoM kA usakI yogyatA tathA khare vyaktitva para kitanA vizvAsa thaa| pulakezI ne eka aisA yogya udAharaNa prastuta kiyA ki usake bAda ke rAjAoM ne usakA anukaraNa kiyaa| yahA~ se sUtra lete hue tathA isa prArUpa kA vistAra karate hue paravartI zAsaka jaise arikesarI dvitIya (930-55) tailappA dvitIya (973-97) jagadekamalla jayasiMha (1015-42) tathA vIraballALa (1173-1220) Adi ne kramazaH paMpa, ranna nAgavarma tathA janna ko apanA rAjakavi tathA senAnAyaka bnaayaa| sRjakoM ko zAsakoM tathA amIroM se samAnarUpa se upahAra tathA dAna prApta karane kA vizeSAdhikAra thaa| __ maMdira nirmANa kI gatividhiyoM ko vikramAditya prathama ke putra vinayAditya ke zAsanakAla meM baDhAvA milaa| prAcIna trikuTAcala maMdira, jo trimUrti ko samarpita kiyA gayA hai| vinayAditya kI pa rAnI mahAdevI kI khAtira lokAditya, eLA arasa ne alamapura meM svarga brahma devAlaya kI sthApanA kii| cAlukyoM ke vaMzakrama meM vijayAditya kA zAsanakAla (696-733) sabase dIrgha zAsanakAla rahA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #118
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 75 cAlukyoM ke ranivAsa kI mahilAeM vAstukalA ko samarthana dene meM sabase Age thiiN| 1. vinayAvatI (vijayAditya kI mAtA) ne bAdAmI meM eka aura trikuTAcala . (jaMbuliMga devAlaya) kI sthApanA kii| 2. kuMkuma devI ne puligere meM Anesejjeya jinabhavana kA nirmANa kiyaa| 3. vinApoTi rAjagaNikA tathA vijayAditya kI prANavallabhA mahAmukuTezvara ko ratnapITha, rajatachatra tathA jamIna dAna meM dI thii| kaLvappu kI vyutpatti para kAphI carcA paricarcA kI gaI kiMtu koI bhI vyutpatti ukta pustaka ke lekhaka sameta kisI kI bhI vyutpatti grAhya nahIM ho pA rahI hai| kaLvappu isa zabda kA vAstavika artha hai gIdha kI phaaddii| isa sujhAva kA samarthana karate hue maiM eka aura udAharaNa prastuta karatA huuN| tamilanADu kA kaLugumalAI jisakA artha bhI gIdha kI pahADI hI hai| kaLvappu tathA kaLagumalai donoM dezI zabda hai jo saMskRta ke gRddhakUTa ke samAna hai jo jaina tathA bauddha donoM ke aitihAsika abhilekhoM meM prakaTa hote haiN| isa saMdarbha meM rAjagRha meM sthita prasiddha gRddhakUTa kA bhI smaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina dharmaguru gRddhapichi ko dhAraNa karane ke lie jAne jAte haiN| koMDakuMdAcArya ko dakSiNa bhArata kI jaina paraMparA meM mahatvapUrNa pada gRddhapiMchAcArya kI upAdhi milI thii| ataH tAmilanADu meM kaLugumalAI tathA karnATa deza meM kaLvappu dakSiNa gRddhakUTa hai jo sAdagI tathA mRtaka kI zAMti te lie jAne jAte hai| zaMkhajinAlaya yuga ke sabhI jaina maMdiroM meM ucca siddha huA hai| isI ke sAdRzya, aihoLe meM sthita rAjakavi ravikIrti kA jineMdrabhavana, yuga kA eka anya zikhara sAbita huA hai| kyoMki ise eka zikhara kI coTI para banavAyA gayA thaa| yaha maMdira apane upanAma meguDi se bahuta lokapriya huaa| maMdira meM devI aMbikA kI pratimA kI pratiSThApanA ke AdhAra para kucha itihAsakAra tathA vidvAnoM ne yaha saMketa diyA hai ki yaha maMdira 22veM tArthaMkara neminAtha ko samarpita kiyA gayA thaa| meguDi sabase prAcIna jinAlaya apane bhavyazilpa meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| isa vizeSa bhavya zilpa racanA kA patA calate hI kaI jaina maMdiroM meM isa zilpa kA hI anukaraNa kiyA gyaa| meguDi, pattharoM ke maMdira ko ravikIrti dvArA I.sa. 634 meM racita advitIya zilAlekha ne amaratA pradAna kii| aihoLe meM sthita jainaguphA (zahara ke dakSiNa pazcima bhAga) chaThI sadI ke aMtima For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #119
76 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya varSoM meM jisakA utkhanana kiyA gayA thA, vaha bAdAmI se kucha dazaka pahale kI hai| varNakramAnusAra tathA zailI anusAra pahalI guphA kIrtivarma ke zAsanakAla kI hai to dUsarI maMgaleza ke kAla kii| aihoLe tathA bAdAmI kI jaina guphAoM ke kalAkAra bhinna-bhinna the| isa kAla kA jainakalA tathA zilpakalA ko jo yogadAna milA usakI koI barAbarI nahIM kara sakatA tathA guNavattA kI mAtrA kI dRSTi se yaha pracura hai| isakI vistAra se carcA zilpakalA ke adhyAya meM hogii| jaina maMdira pA~ca prakAra kI gatividhiyoM jaise prArthanA, annadAna, cikitsA, Azraya tathA zikSA ke keMdra the| aMtima cAra ko eka hI zabda caturvidha-dAna meM samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| dhArmika Avega kA saMvardhana karanA mAtra isake pArzva kI bhAvanA nahIM thii| balki sauhArdapUrNa vAtAvaraNa nirmANa karanA bhI thA, jisase manuSya svastha tathA khuzahAla jIvana vyatIta kara skeN| ___navilUra (dhAravADa jilA? tAlUkA) pradhAna jaina sthAna ke rUpa meM prasiddha huaa| jisameM kaI sAre Azrama aura maTha the| kisI eka jaina saMgha kA janmasthAna hone ke kAraNa navilUru kA nAma kIrtibhavana meM utkIrNita huA hai| isa jaina saMgha kA nAma bhI isI sthAna para AdhArita navilUru jaina saMgha rakhA gayA hai| isa saMgha kA udbhava sAtaMvIM sadI ke prAraMbhika varSoM meM huA aura usake bAda isa sthAna ne sAre rAjya tathA saMpradAya ke bhItara apanA prabhAva banAe rakhA hai| saMkSepa meM 700 ke prAraMbha meM navilUru saMgha kI aisI viziSTatA thI ki usane prAraMbhika chaH zilAlekhoM meM apanA sthAna aMkita kara liyA thaa| (EC. VOL. II. (R) NOS. 38 (35), 112 (97), 117 (102), 123 (108), 132 (114) : EC.VOL. XI.NO.118). navilUru saMgha kA naviluru gaNa thA jo samUha kA eka dala (zAkhA) thA aura AjigaNa usakA upabhAga thaa| navilUru ke nALagAmuMDa, goviMdapADI (gaMgAvADI kSetra) ke beLagoLa ke zilAlekha meM Ate hai| puSpasenAcArI, rAjamatikati, anaMtamatigaMti, bALAMbAkAMTi aura usake ziSya vujakkA kucha muni tathA sAdhviyA~ (mAtAji) ne zAMti se sallekhana kA vrata dhAraNa kara tathA hara prakAra ke anna se paraheja rakhakara apanI aMtima sAMsa caMdragiri kI coTI para lene hetu navalUru se kaLvappu (zravaNabeLagoLa) taka naMge paira yAtrA kI thii| naviluru yaha nAma do zabdoM ke joDa se banA hai...navila tathA uruA nivilu kA artha hai mora aura uru kA artha hai gAMva arthAta moroM kA gaaNv| ye donoM zabda kannaDa bhASA ke haiN| kaLvappu ke eka purAlekha ke prAraMbha meM sthAna kA ullekha navilUru saMgha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #120
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 77 ke rUpa meM huA hai to dUsare bhAga meM isakA ullekha mayUra saMgha ke rUpa meM huA hai| isI ke sAtha sAtha navilUrU ne eka aura nAma arjita kiyA hai aura vaha hai mayUrapurA lokamahAdevI tathA trailokya mahAdevI 'haihaya rAjavaMza kI rAjakumAriyA~ tathA vikramAditya kI rAniyA~ ne apane patiyoM dvArA kAMci para lagAtAra tIna bAra vijaya prApti ke upalakSya meM kisuvoLAla meM lokezvara maMdira (virupAkSa) tathA trailokezvara maMdira (mallikArjuna) bnvaayaa| cAlukya zilpakalA nirdoSa kalA ke caramabiMdu kI sAkSya hai| sarvasiddhi AcArI tathA guMDa anivAritA AcArI, ina do nipuNa zilpakAroM ne uparyukta donoM maMdiroM ko itane nirdoSa rUpa se sajAyA aura tarAzA tAki ve donoM maMdira yuga kI kalA ke apritama udAharaNa siddha ho| ina kuzala tathA dakSa kalAkAroM ko perajerepa arthAta 'udAra svAgata' kI upAdhi se navAz2A gyaa| usa yuga meM zilpakalA kI rekhAnagara-zikhara-zailI bahuta lokapriya huii| yApanIyA saMgha ne AdikadaMboM ke bAda ubhare nae sAmrAjya meM kitanI ghusapaiTha kI, yaha adhyayana kA eka aura viSaya hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki rAjakavi ravikIrti isa yApanIyA saMgha se saMbaMdhita thaa| tathApi maiM yaha prazna Age ke anusaMdhAna hetu rakhanA caahuuNgaa| . jaina smArakoM ke avazeSoM ko puligere ke AsapAsa meM jo bikharA diyA gayA hai vaha yahI darzAtA hai ki jaina maMdira ko kitanA nukasAna pahu~cAyA gayA hai| ___ puligere meM sthita patharIlI caTTAna kA dUsarA hissA satyAzraya (pulakezI) cAlukya raNaparAkramANaka aura usake putra ereyyA kA ullekha karatA hai| zilAlekha meM caitya zaMkhajineMdra ko dI gaI jamIna kA bhI ullekha hai| revareMDa je.epha. phlITa ne sahI hI dekhA hai ki uparyukta rikArDa pUrva tithi kA hI hai jisakI dUsarI pratilipi bhAvI pIDhI ke lie taiyAra kI gaI thii| tAmrapatra se zilAoM para, TUTI zilAoM se acchI zilAoM para, bhUrjapatra se anya bhUrjapatroM para kI jAnevAlI pratilekhana kI yaha prakriyA asAmAnya nahIM thii| phlITa kA yaha parIkSaNa hai ki saMbhavataH raNaparAkramANaka raNarAga (pulakezI prathama kA pitA tathA jayasiMha prathama kA putra) kA bhI yahI abhiprAya rahA hogA, isakI upekSA nahIM kA jA sktii| ataH puligere ke purAlekhoM ko vicArAdhina rakhate hue chaThI sadI ke madhya ke mAne jA sakate haiN| isake alAvA seMdraka rAjA durgazakti kA ullekha spaSTa rUpa se isakI saMpuSTI karatA hai| prApta rikArDa, aprAmANika tathA anya jaina samudAya ke sAtha rAjA pulakezI se saMbaMdha kI puSTI karate haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #121
78 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya jaina AzramoM tathA maThoM ko prApta hone vAle anudAna, upahAra tathA nidhiyoM kA sabase adhika hissA vyApArI samudAya yA zrAvakoM kI apekSA rAjA rAniyoM kI ora se AtA thaa| AdikadaMboM ke kAla meM sthitiyA~ lagabhaga isI ke samAnAMtara thii| kiMtu rASTrakUToM ke zAsanakAla ke daurAna tathA usake bAda jaina saMgha dharma ko jIvita rakhane ke lie rAjaparivAroM se itara parivAroM ne bhI nIdhiyoM tathA anudAna dene meM bhAga liyaa| isI prakAra AdikadaMboM tathA cAlukyoM ke zAsana kAla kI apekSA gaMgoM tathA rASTrakUToM ke kAla se rAjaparivAra tathA Ama parivAra kI mahilAoM ne bhI zramaNa saMgha kI dhArmika gatividhiyoM meM apanI ruci dikhaaii| isa prakAra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yaha darzAtA hai ki jaina saMgha kI gatividhiyA~ meM mahilAoM kI bhUmikA kI grApha rekhA Upara kI ora bar3hatI hai| cAlukyoM ke sAmrAjya meM nimnalikhita grAma tathA zahara jainoM ke pramukha tathA mahatva ke kendra the ADUru, aihoLe, aNNigerI, bAdAmI, baMkApura, bhAlki, gaDikezavAra, jaibuLageri, kaLvappu, kellipUsUru, kisuvoLala (paTTadakala) kogali, kopaNa, mallasamudra, navilUru / palasige (halasi) paralUru (halluru) pombulaca, (huMcA) tathA pUli (hUli) jaina samudAya kA sArasarvasva, unnati, pragati tathA pravAha ina sthAnoM para bahuta sakriya the| haLLUru paraluru saMgha kA mUla strota thA to naviluru saMgha kA pradhAna sthAna thaa| -devagaNa mUlasaMgha kA eka mahatvapUrNa devagaNa aMga thA jo cAlukya sAmrAjya meM kevala sikuDA hI nahIM balki lupta huA aura desigaNa ko UbhArane kA maukA milaa| maiM yaha sujhAva dene kA sAhasa karatA hU~ ki devagaNa, desigaNa meM ghulamila gayA hogA aura rASTrakUToM ke zAsanakAla meM muniyoM kA lokapriya adhyAya hI jaise khula gayA ho| isI ke samAna, jaina muniyoM kI AvAsI ikAI, paralUru saMgha kA bhI koI nizAna cAlukyoM ke yuga ke bAda nahIM miltaa| Azcarya kI bAta hai ki tatkAlIna jaina rikArDoM meM koMDakuMda anvaya kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai| ___laMgabhaga pA~cavIM sadI ke prAraMbha meM maMdiroM ke parisara ke pAsa maTha banAe gae the| AcArya, variSTha muni, dharmagraMtha ke jJAtA aura jisane dharmazAstra kA pratipAdana kiyA, gRhatyAgI tathA ghummakkaDa the, varSAkAla ko choDakara jaba unako cAturmAsa kA pAlana karanA hotA, cAturmAsa ke bAda ye dharmaguru eka jagaha para laMbe samaya taka nahIM rahA karate the| bhaTTAraka tathA vidvAnoM ne, madhyakAlIna yuga meM keMdrIya AkRti rcii| unhoMne maTha saMbaMdhI vyavasthA kI pahala kI aura unake paTTa (pITha) ke samaya unako For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #122
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 79 pUrvAdhikArI se anuvAMzika nAma die ge| puligere maTha ke tatkAlIna pramukha anudezaka ko paMDita kahA jAtA thA aura bhaTTAraka zabda kA istemAla nahIM kiyA jAtA thaa| hAlA~ki ye paMDita digaMbara paMtha, mUlasaMgha ke the aura unakA dala devagaNa thaa| __ paMDita zabda bhaTTAraka kA samAnArthI lagatA hai, arthAta Azrama tathA samudAya kA pramukha jo ki maMdira prazAsana kA pramukha bhI hotA thaa| udAharaNArtha, zravaNabeLagoLa tathA mUDabidare jaina maTha ke pramukha ko usI prAcIna tathA pAraMparika cArukIrti paMDita nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| pUrvavRta ke AdhAra para hama yaha niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki Adisena paMDita devendrasena paMDita, jayadeva paMDita, vijayadeva paMDita tathA nirvadha paMDita Adi bhaTTAraka the tathA apane dharma prAMta ke pramukha the| __isI yuga se yakSa tathA yakSI kI pUjA tathA bhakti meM pAradarzitA aayii| karnATaka meM sabase pahale aMbikA tathA sarvAha yakSa kI pUjA kA prAraMbha huaa| taduparAMta 23 veM tIrthaMkara arhata pArzva ke ArAdhya devI padmAvatI aura dharaNeMdra, tathA AThaveM tIrthaMkara . caMdraprabhA ke ArAdhya devatA vijaya upanAma zyAma tathA jvAlAmAlinI devI kI pUjA kA prAraMbha huaa| ... aMbikA kA durlabha vaiziSTya yaha hai ki vaha pUrvI tathA paravartI cAlukyoM kI kuladevatA bana gyii| kollipAka (kolanupAka) ke mukhya maMdira meM hI eka svataMtra maMdira meM aMbikA kI pratimA pratiSThita kI gaI jo usa yuga meM bahuta lokapriya huI thI, kezirAjA ne (cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla kA sAmaMta) mAnastambha banavAyA aura ve hI makara toraNa banAne ke lie kAraNIbhUta hue the| ___ aMbikAdevI maTha ke anya do nAma the- aMbaratilaka basadI tathA akkbsdii| akkA kA artha hai bar3I bahana aura sAmAnyataH isa zabda kA prayoga strI ko Adara dene ke lie bhI kiyA jAtA hai| sAyipayyA daMDanAyaka- mahApradhAna tathA rAja parivAra kA gRha adhIkSaka (suprintendant) cAlukya rAjakumAra somezvara, tribhUvanamalla vikramAditya (SaSThaM) (1076-1125) ke putra ne aMbikA yakSI maMdira ke lie I.sa. 1125 ko poLAlu ke samipastha pANupura grAma dAna meM diyaa| yaha dhyAna rakhanA bhI bahuta Avazyaka hai ki eka purAlekha meM isa maMdira kA cAlakyakula tilaka basadI ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (nAgarAjayya haM pa. : Apropos of Vikramaditya VI:1999:p. 38) " (pAMDiyUru-hADiyUru) ADUru (hAverI jilA hAnagala tAlUkA) sAtavIM sadI ke prAraMbha se prasiddha jaina keMdra thaa| yaha sthAna gAMgi-pAMDiyUra kI taraha hI prasiddha thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #123
80 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya usa samaya usa prAMta para siMdarasa kA zAsana thA aura phira mahAdevI arasa se prArthanA kara usane karmagAlUra kI TaMkI ke nIce kI jamIna jaina devAlaya ko dAna meM dI thii| hAlA~ki aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki siMda tathA mAghavatti arasa kramazaH siMda tathA seMdraka parivAra ke the| mAghavatti arasa ke siMda pramukha hone kI saMbhAvanA kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| vAstava meM siMda tathA seMdraka donoM kA mUla eka hI thA lekina bAda meM donoM kI bhinna bhinna zAkhAeM ho gii| isa para adhika vicAra kI AvazyakatA saMkSepa meM, ADUru yaha sthAna terahavIM sadI taka jainoM kI nagarI ke rUpa meM vizeSa prasiddha thaa| pUrastagaNa ke zrInaMdI bha Araka kI ziSyA tathA baMkApura ke paDevala caTTayyA kI patnI, bhAgavve ne 1247 meM ADUru meM upavAsa dhAraNa kara mRtyu ko prApta kiyA thaa| __ aisA vizvAsa hai ki prAcIna tathA prasiddha puligere nagara kA nirmANa pahale cAra yuga ke prathama kalpa meM bhagavAna zrIhari ne kiyA thA aura taba usakA nAma viSNupallI thaa| phira dvApara yuga meM virATarAja ke putra zveta ne phira se banavAyA aura isa nagarI ne purikara yaha nAma arjita kiyaa| lagabhaga gyArahavIM sadI ke madhya taka yaha nagarI puligere nAma se khUba prasiddha huI aura usake bAda Adhunika yuga meM ise lakSmezvara ke nAma se jAnA jAne lgaa| saMskRta meM likhita ereyyammA (600) ke zilAlekha meM isa nagarI ko puligere yahI nAma diyA gayA hai jo isa bAta ko nirdhArita karatA hai ki vahI arthAta puligere hI usakA mUla nAma thaa| ereyammA kA uparyukta zilAlekha yaha bhI batAtA hai ki puligere dakSiNAta ghaTikA kSetraM thA, arthAta puligere dakSiNa meM ucca zikSA kA keMdra thaa| cAlukyoM ke yuga meM jaina saMgha kA baDhatA prabhAva bahuta sI sAkSyoM dvArA siddha hotA hai| zrImada purikaranagara prakhyAta zaMkhajineMdra puligere 300 upabhAga, puligere jaise rAjadhAnI zahara kA atyaMta prasiddha maMdira thaa| isa sthAna ke upalabdha abhilekhoM meM yaha ullekhita hai ki madhyakAla ke aMta taka adhikatara jaina pramukha mahAmAMDalika tathA mahAsAmaMta isa pradeza para zAsana kara rahe the| jaina rAjapAla tathA senApati, jaise baMkarasa (835) bUtuga peramAnaMDI (935) mArasiMha (972) jayakezina (1038) tathA iMdrakesi (1100) Adi puligere 300 ke prabhArI the| (nAgarAjayyA eraDu vaMzagaLu : 1995.52-64) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #124
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 81 eka anya zilAlekha (EI.Vol. XII-329) meM yaha vistAra se kahA gayA hai ki kuMtala pradeza meM puligere 300 tathA beLavola 300 ekadama suMdara prAMta the, tathA bhArata mahImaMDala ke AbhUSaNa the aura pulikara pradeza kI janatA bhI zuddha tathA pAradarzI zIze ke samAna sApha thii| puligere 300 kI bhaugolika sImA meM puligere mahatvapUrNa zaharoM meM se eka thA jo maMdiroM ke aizvarya tathA vyApAra se samRddha thaa| ___banavAsI ke AdikadaMboM ne zvetapaTTa * mahAzramaNa saMgha kA (zvetAbaMra paMtha) kA samarthana kiyA thaa| AdikadaMboM ke kAla ke lekhaka vimalasUri (473) ne apane prAkRta mahAkAvya paumacariya meM zvetapaTTa paMtha kA ullekha kiyA hai| kiMtu bAdAmI ke zAsanakAla ke daurAna isakA pratisaraNa huaa| kuMtalanADu meM yaha kyoM aura kaise pIche haTA yaha spaSTa nahIM hai| isake pratisaraNa kA kAraNa saMbhavataH anuyAyiyoM tathA rAjanItika protsAhana kA abhAva rahA hogaa| . devagaNa ke AbhUSaNa dhruva devAcArya (sAtavIM sadI) devagaNa tilaka ne jaina saMgha - kA netRtva kiyA aura prArthanA maMdiroM ke saMpoSaNa ke lie majabUta nIMva rkhii| unake ziSya cikaNa devAcArya ne rAmadevAcArya ko apanA ziSya banA liyaa| rAmadevAcArya ke muni ziSya jayadeva paMDitAcArya dhruva devAcArya ke netRtva ko sviikaaraa| muniyoM kI upasthiti tathA netRtva ke kAraNa puligere kSetra ne sAmrAjya ke anya samakAlIna maThoM se adhika prasiddhI prApta kI thii| seMboLala grAma kA upahAra, beLavola 300 upabhAga meM sthita haDagile grAma kA grAmadAna 'sarvabAdhA parihArama dadaU dAna' kI isa prakRti kI kucha ghaTanAe~ jaina prArthanA-sthaloM kA sAmAjika pratiSThA ko hI darzAtI hai| mUrtipUjA kA prasAra maMdira saMsthA ke hone kA saMketa karatA hai jo basti yA basadI ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| bastI isa zabda kI vyutpatti saMskRta vasatI se hI huI hai jisakA artha jaina maMdira ke rUpa meM liyA jAne lgaa| tatkAlIna zilAlekhiya strotoM ne jaina maMdira ke nirmANa, jina kA pavitrIkaraNa tathA anya gauNa pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ADUru, aihoLe bAdAmI, puligere jainoM ke AdhyAtmika bhAva tathA bhakti kI pradhAnatA ke sAkSya hai| pUrva madhyakAla kI sAmAjika dhArmika gatividhiyoM ne eka aisI majabUta nIMva rakhI ki jisase Ane vAle varSoM meM maMdira nirmANa kI prakriyA ne jora pkddaa| jina tathA anya ArAdhyoM kI pUjA-prArthanA vaiyaktika tathA sAmAjika donoM staroM para thii| isa yuga meM pArzva, mahAvIra bAhubali, zAMtinAtha tathA saMbhavataH AdinAtha aura For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #125
82 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya zAsanadeviyA~ devatA jaise aMbikA, jvAlAmAlinI padmAvatI, zyAma tathA dharaNeMdra Adi ko jyAdA pasaMda kiyA jAtA thaa| upalabdha rikArDa yaha batAte haiM ki isa dharma ko zreSTha tathA sAmAnya sabakA samarthana prApta thaa| cAlukya jainadharma ko samarpita the aura karnATaka meM jainadharma kI gaharI jar3eM jamAne kA zreya bhI unhIM ko diyA jaaegaa| vidyamAna nirgaMTha ke smAraka zreSThasaMcAlaka tathA zilpakAra kI saudarya daSTi ke bAre meM bharabhara kara bolate haiM, jinhoMne apane devIdevatAoM kA suzobhita upaniveza bnvaayaa| isa kAla ke jainadharma kI devI-devatAoM ke lakSaNoM kI carcA agale do adhyAyoM meM kI jaaegii| saMkSepa meM, cAlukyoM ke rAja samarthana se jaina dharma bhavya-divyatA ko prApta kara liyA thaa| jainoM ne rAjataMtra ke rAjanItika, sAMskRtika jIvana meM pratiSThita varga rUpAyita kiyA thaa| rAjya meM pattharoM meM banavAI gae guphA maMdiroM tathA anya AzramoM tathA maThoM kI saMracanA ke alAvA aihoLe, ADUra aNNigeri, guDigeri, hUli ke zilAlekhoM tathA zaMkhabasti kI chata para pAye gae pA~ca zilAlekha sAmrAjya meM jaina saMgha kI sAkSya dete haiN| isake sivA adhikatara sAmaMta rAjA jaina dharma ke ka ra anuyAyI the| yaha vizAla sAmrAjya akSarazaH prasiddha jaina keMdroM, AzramoM tathA maThoM se vyApta thaa| isa yuga kA / lokapriya dharma jaina dharma thA jo dina ba dina aura adhika vikasita ho rahA. * thA aura rAja tathA sAmAnya janoM kA samarthana pAkara khUba phUlA phalA thaa| 1* aba taka vidvAnoM ne zvetapaTa isa zabda ko zvetAMbara kA samAnArthI samajhA thaa| ataH digaMbara paMtha meM isapara punaH vicAra kI AvazyakatA hai| pA~ca prakAra ke muni hote haiM, pullaka, bakuza, kuzIla, nigraMtha tathA snAtaka athavA kevali diMgabara paMtha meM muni samudAya meM pratimA athavA uddiSTa tyAga pratimA ke kaI caraNa hote haiN| gyArahave caraNa meM tIna TukaDoM ke dhavala vastra dhAraNa karanevAle tyAgI ko kSulakka tathA eka hI dhavala vastra dhAraNa karanevAle ko ailaka kahate haiN| vizeSa rUpa se banAe gae bhojana tathA nivAsa kA bhI ve svIkAra karate haiN| kadaMboM ke zilAlekhoM meM nigraMtha tathA zvetapaTa kA ullekha hone se zvetapaTa zabda kI vyAkhyA kSulakka tathA ailakoM ke samAna sapheda vastra dhAraNa karanevAle muni hotI haiM, kiMtu ve nigraMtha nahIM the| zvetapaTa tathA zvetAMbara donoM zabda dekhane meM samAna lagate haiM para ve samAna hai yA bhinna isakI jA~ca abhI honI zeSa hai| zvetAMbara zabda ke prathama ullekha tathA usakI ThIka ThIka tArIkha para punaHvicAra kI AvazyakatA hai jisase zvetapaTa zabda kA sahI artha paribhASita ho ske| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #126
adhyAya - chaH jaina zilpakalA bhAga-a pArzva, mahAvIra, bAhubali ___ bAdAmI cAlukyoM kI prAcInatA tathA vaiziSTya ko asaMdigdhatA se sthApita karane kA zreya kalA tathA zilpakalA ke itihAsakAroM ke niraMtara prayAsa tathA anusaMdhAna ko hI jAtA hai| dakSiNI zilpakalA ke kSetra meM cAlukyoM ke zAsana meM utkhanana kI anokhI zailI tathA saMracanAtmaka maMdiroM kA zubha-saMketa diyA thA aura vipula mAtrA meM smArakIya avazeSa pIche choDa die| . cAlukyoM ke yuga meM jaina saMgha ke utAra caDhAva kI vizeSatA para vicAra kara, usake dhIre dhIre vikasita hone kI prakriyA kA saMkSipta paricaya dene se, ucita pariprekSya meM unakI sthiti ko samajhane meM AsAnI hogii| ____ azoka ke zilAlekha (XIII) yaha ghoSita karate haiM ki aisA koI deza nahIM jahA~ brAhmaNoM tathA zramaNoM kA (bauddha tathA jaina) astitva hI nahIM hogaa| jainoM ne kalA, saMskRti tathA sAhitya ke vikAsa meM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #127
84 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya hamezA apanA yogadAna diyA hai| bauddha tathA jaina dharma donoM samAna gati se phUle phale aura vaiziSTyapUrNa kalA tathA zilpakalA kA vikAsa huaa| (Ghosh, A:1989 : p. 161) phargyusana henarica jhimmara tathA anyoM kA yaha Thosa kathana hai ki jainoM ne eka bhinna zilpakalA kI zailI ke nirmANa meM yogadAna diyaa| eka vizeSa zilpakalA kA vaiziSTya, smArakoM ke vizeSa saMdarbha meM, jo jainoM ko samarpita the, ve saMkhyA meM adhika aura vaiziSTyapUrNa bhI the| AdigaMgoM tathA AdikadaMboM ne kuMtaladeza meM jaina zilpakalA yuga kI pahala kii| unnata jaina zilpakalA ko pravAhita karane kA zreya bAdAmI zAsana ko jAtA hai| jaina zilpakalA kA prAraMbhika svarUpa aihoLe meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| aihoLe ke sAtha sAtha bAdAmI kI guphAoM ne pASANa-zilpakalA kA bhavya tathA svarNima adhyAya kholaa| phira bhI hama pASANI zilpa kI paraMparA ke anukaraNa ko naz2ara aMdAja nahIM kara skte| meguDI, pragatizIla cAlukyoM tathA jainakalA ke racanAtmaka maMdiroM kA prAraMbhika udAharaNa hai| pratIka tathA ojapUrNa zailI meM kaThina pASANoM para kI gaI rahasyAtmaka biMba yojanA apanA amiTa prabhAva choDa jAtI hai| jaina mUrtikalA meM cAlukyoM kA yuga eka mIla kA patthara thaa| mUrtikalA kI sabase vaiziSTyapUrNa pravRtti, udAharaNa ke lie prasiddha prajJAtA arhata pArzva tathA bAhubali ke zilpa, yakSa-yakSI kI pratimAe~, upasarga lakSaNa tathA varNanAtmaka phalaka Adi isa yuga ke daurAna prAraMbha hue the| jaba hama jainakalA ke lakSaNoM kI bAta karate haiM to isakA artha yaha nahIM ki use bhAratIya kalA tathA zilpakalA kI mukhyadhArA se alaga kiyA jA rahA hai balki usake vaiziSTyapUrNa pravRtti kI pahacAna kI jA rahI hai| jaina, dhArmika zilpakalA ke prathama saMrakSaka the| unhoMne kalAkAroM tathA zilpakAroM kI udAratA se rakSA kii| zilpiyoM tathA mUrtikalA ke kaI saMghoM ne jaina saMsthA ke lie kAma kiyA thaa| AMcalika paraMparA tathA mithakIya saMkalpanA ke AdhAra para jainadharma ne kaI prakAra kI zilpakalA tathA mUrtikalA saMbaMdhI racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| kaI bAra yaha navapravartana tatkAlIna yuga tathA prAMta kI zailI ke anurUpa hotA thaa| _anubhava tathA prayoga se mUrtikAroM ne banavAsI ke AdikadaMboM ke pahale tathA unake yuga ke daurAna jaina-zilpakalA tathA mUrtikalA saMbaMdhI kucha vizeSAtAoM ko vikasita kiyaa| kiMtu bAdAmI cAlukyoM ke kAla meM jainabhavanoM kI gatividhiyA~ na kevala baDhI hI balki mAnaka bhI bnii| rASTrakUToM tathA kalyANa ke cAlukyoM ke kAla For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #128
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 85 meM yaha apanI caramasImA para pahU~cI tathA hoyasaLoM ke zAsana meM apanI parAkASThA para pahu~ca gyii| prAraMbha meM cAlukyoM ne pASANa-zilpakalA kI samRddha paraMparA ko banAe rkhaa| unhoMne pradeza ke narama pASANoM kI mUrtiyoM ko zilpa ke lie cunA, jaise, bAdAmI tathA aihoLe meM sthita jaina guphAmaMdirA lekina turaMta ve bhI imAratI maMdira banavAne lge| isake lie vAtApI tathA AsapAsa ke pradeza se narama retelI ca AnoM ko khodakara patthara lAe gae jisase cAlukyoM ke racanAkAritA kI muhara choDa ske| utkhananita jaina guphAoM tathA vidyamAna bhavana-maMdiroM meM nimnalikhita guphAe~ atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hai, jisakI carcA kramazaH kI jaaegii| 1. jainaguphA (meNa basti) aihoLe, chaThI sadI ke aMtima traimAsika saMbhavataH 580 2. jainaguphA saMkhyA 4 bAdAmI 595 3. meguDI, jinendrabhavana, aihoLe 634-35 zilpakalA kI isa zailI ko cAlukya zailI kA nAma dete samaya hama isameM anya zailiyoM ke sammilana kI upekSA nahIM kara skte| yaha eka saMzliSTa zailI yA phira mUla zailI bhI ho sakatI hai| yaha to kalAkAra the, jinhoMne apane kauzala se zailI ko rUpAyita kiyA kiMtu yaha zailI tatkAlIna zAsakoM ke nAma se jAnI jaaegii| jainaguphA-pUrvavRtta ___ pASANa zilpakalA kA itihAsa jainaguphA maMdiroM ke vivaraNa ke binA samajhA nahIM jA sakegA aura nA hI vaha pUrNa hai| bhavya divya jainaguphA maMdiroM ne pASANa zilpakalA ke poSaNa meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai| jamIna meM khudavAI gaI kar3I sakhta pASANa zaiyyA nirmANa kI prakriyA kI pahala ne guphA maMdiroM ke nirmANa ke lie mArga khola diyaa| jainamuniyoM ne mahAvIra ke samaya se hI prArthanA tathA Azraya hetu prAkRtika guphAoM kI khoja kii| isa prakAra kI pASANa zaiyyAvAlI guphAe~ tamilanADu meM I.pU. tIsarI sadI se pAyI gyii| bhArata kI 1200 guphAoM se 200 gUphA~e~ jainoM se saMbaMdhita thiiN| jainaguphA athavA pASANa zilpakalA kA vivaraNa eka tarapha se udayagiri kI hAthI guphA tathA. khaMDagiri guphAoM (orisA?bhUvanezvara) se prAraMbha hotA hai, jisakA utkhanana kaliMga rAjA khAravela (I.pU. dUsarI-pahalI sadI) ne karavAyA thaa| jainaguphA saragAha (gamanasthAna) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #129
86 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya rAjA khAravela ke purAlekha hAthI guphA se saMbaMdhita hai jo bAda meM dakSiNa tathA pUrvI taTa ke pradeza ke rAjavaMzoM ko prerita kara gii| isI prakAra, padmAsana mudrA meM baiThI pArzva kI pratimA kumAragupta ke zAsanakAla (425-20) meM udayagiri kI guphA saMkhyA 20 meM utkhananita kI gaI thI, jisane eka naI zailI ko anuprANita kiyA thaa| ___ kuMtaladeza meM aihoLe tathA bAdAmI kI donoM jaina guphAoM kI jJAta tithi chaThI sadI kA uttarArdha hai aura nizcita hI jinendrabhavana (meguDI) dinAMka 634-35) se pUrvavartI hai, jo ki prAcIna guphAoM kA upalabdha udAharaNa hai| aihoLe kI guphA, jo rAjA kIrtivarma prathama (566-97) ke zAsanakAla meM banAyI gayI thii| saMbhavataH kIrtivarma ke baDe bhAI pugavarma (566) ko zreya dene ke lie utkhananita kI gaI thii| rAjA maMgalarAjA ke zAsanakAla kI bAdAmI kI guphA saMbhavataH apane bar3e bhAI ko zreya dene hetu 595 meM khudavAI gaI hogii| aihoLe kI guphA mIna vasti (mIna basAdi) ke nAma se bhI jAnI jAtI hai, jo prAcIna zilpakalA kI nIdhi hai, jo pUrvI vaibhava kI gAthA kahatI hai aura vahIM se dakSiNa meM jaina zilpakalA ke bahumUlya adhyAya kA AraMbha huaa| vIthikA kI bhittiyoM para khudavAI gaI pArzva tathA bAhubali kI caitanyapUrNa tathA abhinava pratimAeM, jo eka dUsare ke bilkula sammukha hai, aitihAsika, sAMskRtika tathA zilpakalA kI dRSTi se atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hai| ___ pASANa maMdira kI sabase u~cI coTI para banI bAdAmI kI jainaguphA apane parisara -tathA AMtarika banAvaTa aura kSetra ke kAraNa ekAMtavAsa ke lie jaise ekadama pavitra sthAna hai| prabhAvI nIMva ke madhyabhAga meM atyaMta dakSatA se khudavAe gae siMha-mukha hai| sAmanevAle kakSa meM eka ora bAhubali tathA dUsarI ora jainapArzva kI utanI hI suMdara tathA prabhAvI jIvaMta pratimAeM haiN| __bAdAmI kI samUha guphAe~ eka zilAkhaMDIya jaina maMdiroM kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| meguDI kI dakSiNapUrvI pahADI kA jaina maMdira tathA do maMjilA jaina maMdira sabase prAcIna jaina maMdira hai| jaina guphAoM kA madhyavartI dAlAna pUrva dizA meM AyAtAkAra garbhagRha meM khulatA aura usake uttara tathA dakSiNa meM zilpa maMdira hai| guphA ke madhya dAlAna kI dIvAra para dAyeM hAtha meM machalI dhAraNa kiye hue yakSa kA citra hai| isa choTe kiMtu saghana guphA ne mIna basatI yaha nAma arjita kiyA aura yahI nAma bolacAla kI bhASA meM pracalita bhI huaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #130
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 87 choTI jaina guphAe~ ullekhanIya meguDI ke kAraNa aihoLe kI pahADI ko meguDI pahADI yaha nAma prApta huaa| isake alAvA mIna basti guphA ke sAtha eka anya sAdhAraNa daravAjeM kI eka choTI guphA ko bhI pahacAna prApta huii| eka vizAla zilAkhaMDa meM utkIrNita jainaguphA meM eka AyatAkAra garbhagRha kI caukhaToM kI pAkheM golAkAra phUloM kI sAMce meM DhalI thii| garbhagRha kA rikta siMhAsana gaddoM tathA makhara se sajA huA thaa| ___ bhale hI garbhagRha meM pratiSThApita mUla nAyaka kI pratimA lApatA hai to bhI sevakoM tathA trichatra kI nakkAzI pIche kI dIvAra para naz2ara AtI hai| pITha kI zailigata samAnatA tathA meguDI ke sevakoM kI pratimA ke sAtha isakI samAnatA ko vicArAdhIna rakhane ke bAda pro. esa. rAjazekhara kA yaha kahanA hai ki yaha guphA yA to chaThI sadI ke uttarArdha meM khudavAI gaI hogI yA phira sAtavIM sadI ke prAraMbha meM hI khudavAI gaI hogii| (Early Chalukyas Art at Aihole : 1985, p.103) ___ meguDI ke pAsa aihoLe kI eka anya guphA jo AkAra meM choTI hai vaha zilparahita hai| isakA saMbaMdha bhI jainoM se thaa| kadAcita isake AyAma tathA gaharAI kI laghutA ke kAraNa zilpakAroM tathA saMrakSakoM, jinhoMne isakI khudAI kI hogI, aihoLe meM isase bhI vizAla guphA khudavAne kI khAtira isakA tyAga kara diyA hogaa| jaina guphAoM ko aksara layana, layaNa, leNa tathA kallamane arthAt zilAghara kahA jAtA hai| saMkSipta rUparekhA - viSaya se saMbaMdhita tatkAlIna zilpoM para vicAra karane se pUrva vIthikAoM ke aise hI samAna zilpa jo aihoLe tathA bAdAmI ke pASANa maMdiroM meM khudavAe gae the, kI saMkSipta rUparekhA yahA~ prastuta hai, jisase Age ke adhyayana meM suvidhA hogii| paTTazAlA kI choTI dIvAroM para varNanAtmaka DhaMga se chainI se tarAze gae bAhubali tathA pArzva kI suMdara pratimAeM, jo atyaMta nATakIya evaM asAdhAraNa hai, jinakI vistAra se carcA kI AvazyakatA hai| donoM nagna pratimAe~ apane se eka taraha ke divya prabhAkiraNoM ko parAvartita karatI hai aura unako aisI mudrA meM khudavAyA gayA hai jaise ki ve hara prakAra ke mausama ko saMyama ke sAtha sAmanA kara ske| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #131
88 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya jina pArzva 1. pArzva ke zIza para banA pA~ca phanoMvAlA suramya chatra eka durlabha citra hai, kAraNa __ anya sthAnoM para sAmAnyataH sAta phanoMvAlA chatra hotA hai| 2. sarpachatra vAlA mukuTa dhAraNa karane vAlI devI, yakSI padmAvatI pA~ca phanoM vAle chatra ke Upara vajramaya chatra ko pakaDe khaDI hai| use jina ke dAhine ora khaDe dikhAyA gayA hai, jo ki durlabha hai| sAmAnyataH anya jagahoM para yakSI ko jina kI bAyIM ora dikhAyA jAtA hai| 3. pArzva ke caraNoM meM bhaktibhAva se baiThe rAjaparivAra ke eka gRhastha ko dikhAyA gayA hai| jise kamaTha upanAma zabaMra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| .. 4. arhata pArzva kAyotsarga mudrA meM khaDe haiN| 5. chatra ke Upara vidyAdharoM ko havA meM jhUlate dikhAyA gayA hai, jo alaukika phUloM kI varSA kara rahe haiN| jo aSTamahA prAtihAryoM ke hI dyotaka hai, jo arhata pArzva kI pratimA kA Thosa lakSaNa hai| 6. pArzva ke sira ke bAyIM ora kamaTha ko eka bar3A sA zilAkhaMDa uThAe dhyAnamagna jina kI ora pheMkate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| 7. isa zilpa ko kamaThopasarga kahA jAtA hai| 8. jahA~ taka viSayavastu kI bAta hai, yaha cAlukya zilpa kA prAraMbhika rUpa hai, ____ hAlA~ki ise isase bhI pUrva kA pratinidhitva karanevAlA mAnA jAnA caahie| pAraMparika pRSThabhUmi ___ arhata pArzva tathA bAhubali ke mahatva ko acchI taraha se tabhI samajhA jA sakatA hai jaba usakI pAraMparika pRSThabhUmi para bhI eka naz2ara DAla leN| 24 veM tIrthaMkaroM kI paraMparA I. pU. tIsarI sadI ke AsapAsa sthApita huii| kiMtu yaha kathana aMtima nahIM hai| isapara abhI bhI ciMtana cala rahA hai| ina tIrthaMkaroM meM pArzva ko sabase mahatvapUrNa sthAna prApta huaa| 23veM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM pArzva kI aitihAsikatA asaMdigdha hai| pArzva kA janma vArANasI meM IkSvAku vaMza meM huA thA isakA ullekha karane vAlA prAcIna graMtha hai isibhAsiAiNa ( saMskRta RSibhASitAni, I.pU. dUsarI sadI) aura AryazAmA likhita prathamAnayoga tathA daMDikAnuyoga ( I.pU. prathama sdi)| azvasena tathA vAmA usake mAtA pitA the| tIsa varSa kI Ayu meM siMhAsana kA tyAga kara pArzva ne lagabhaga sAta dazakoM taka kI laMbI avadhi taka upadeza diyA aura bihAra ke For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #132
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 89 sammedagiri upanAma pArzvanAtha pahADI para Ayu ke 100 ve sAla meM mokSa prApta kiyaa| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki digaMbara sAhitya ke anusAra pArzva, ugravaMza kA thaa| ugra uraga kA hI samAnArthI zabda hai| ugra kSatrIya the| RSabha ne inako prajA ke rakSaNArtha (rakSaka) niyukta kiyA thaa| niSNAMta guNabhadra AcArya (898) pArzva kA ullekha ugravaMzagraNiH ke rUpa meM karate the| (uttarapurANa 73-166) isa mAnava vijJAna kI pRSThabhUmi ke kAraNa pArzva ko nAga kA pratIka cihna prApta huaa| usakA aksara 'nAgarAjendra-vistIrNa phaNAlaMkRtamUrtaye' kahakara varNana kiyA jAtA hai| ___ isa pustaka ke lekhaka ko apane anusaMdhAna ke mAdhyama se pArzva kA karnATaka se saMbaMdha dikhAne kA maukA milaa| zilAlekha isakI puSTi karate haiM ki sAMtara rAjavaMza tathA usake saMsthApaka jinakA pUrvI nivAsa poMbulaca (Adhunika hombuja kSetra, zimogA jilA) meM thA, pArzvanAtha ke isI mahAugra-vaMzI se the| (nAgarAjjayyA haMpa : 1997: pp. 27-29) pArzva ne caturvidyA saMgha kA pracAra kiyA jisameM muni-AcArya, sAdhu-sAdhviyA~, zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ tathA strI-purUSa sammilita the| mahAvIra ke vicAra yA upadeza bhI ina caturvidyA vargIkaraNa se bhinna nahIM the| vidvAnoM ke dvArA hisAba lagAne se pArzva I.pU. 877-777 athavA 817-717 taka jIvita rahA hogA aisA mAnA jAtA hai kiMtu Adhunika anusaMdhAnoM ke dvArA aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki pArzva ne apanA AdhyAtmika vyaktitva I.pU. chaThI sadI ke prAraMbha hone se pUrva zuru nahIM kiyA hogaa| . pArzva kA dharaNendra ke sAtha saMbaMdha kA aitihAsika mUla tathA tatva mImAMsIya carcA karate samaya yU.pI zAha ne yaha dekhA ki, pAsa (pArzva) nizcita acche svabhAva kA thA, usane satata puruSAdAnIya (puruSazreSTha) kI upAdhi prApta kI thI jo Adhunika lokamAnya, dezabaMdhu, mahAtmA Adi upAdhiyoM kA hI pUrvavartI rUpa hai| puruSAdAniya kA anuvAda aksara priya yA sammAnita vyakti ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA thaa| (arhata pArzva tathA dharaNendra-(saMpA)-ema. e. DhAki 1997-30). paurANika pRSThabhUmi . zatrutA ke kaI aise kAraNa hote haiM jo unake pUrvajanma meM bahuta gahare z2aDe jamAe hote haiN| kamaTha, apadharmI saMta, kaThina tapasyA kara rahA thA, jaMgala meM sAMpoM ko jalatA dekhakara, pArzva ne kamaTha kI ora IzArA karate hue kahA thA ki jisa tapasyA meM hiMsA hai vaha nirarthaka hotI hai| vicalita kamaTha ne pArzva se kahA ki vaha yaha dikhA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #133
90 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya de ki agara hiMsA huI hai to kahA~ huI hai| Aga se eka lakaDI nikAlakara pArzva ne usake do Tukar3e kie aura usameM se do adhajale sarpa usase bAhara nikale, kruddha kamaTha ne pratirodha lenA cAhA aura zaMbara (meghamAlI) ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| sarpa ne gharaNendra (nAgoM kA rAjA) ke rUpa meM janma liyA aura padmAvatI dharaNeMdra kI patnI bana gii| __ vRkSa ke nIce khaDe hokara pArzva kaDI tapasyA kara rahA thaa| apanI pichalI ghRNA ko yAda kara zaMbara (bhUtAnada, meghamAli) ne usa para kaI prakAra se hamalA kiyA aura Akhira aisI varSA kI ki bAr3ha A gaI jisameM pArzva nAka taka DUba gyaa| sahAnubhUti se prAkRtika ApadA ko samajhakara dharaNeMdra apanI rAnI ke sAtha usa jagaha para tatkAla pahu~ca gyaa| dharaNeMdra ne apane phana ko pArzva ke sira para chatra ke rUpa meM dhara diyA aura apane zarIra se pArzva ke zarIra ko jakar3akara use pAnI se bAhara nikaalaa| zaMbara ke dvArA dI gaI vedanA kI kasaka se dhyAna baTAne ke lie nAga kI rAnI ne natya kiyaa| isa pUrI ghaTanA ke daurAna arthAta prAkRtika ApadA tathA usakI rakSA ke daurAna, pArzva taTastha sA khaDA thaa| apane bure vicAroM tathA kAryoM kA tyAga kara kamaTha anutApa se pArzva ke caraNoM meM jhuka gyaa| zilpagata pRSThabhUmi dharaNendra tathA padmAvatI kI parikalpanA tathA paMtha ke (nIce se Upara taka) ke udbhava aura vikAsa kA parIkSaNa karate hue yu. pI. zAha (1987: 4 266-80) ne kamaTha tathA pArzva kI zatrutA, jisane pArzva ko usakI tapasyA bhaMga karane tathA usako taMga karane ke lie ukasAyA, kI pRSThabhUmi kA anuzIlana kiyaa| isa prakriyA meM kamaTha ne ghanaghora agni varSA, siMha, bhaisA, bicchU tathA betAla ko usa para choDA, bhayaMkara dhvaniyA~ kI aura tapomagna pArzva para baDe baDe patthara pheNke| tathApi upasarga ke kAraNa pArzva para isakA koI prabhAva nahIM huA vaha aura sthira tathA nizcala khar3A rhaa| isa prakAra kamaTha kA pArzva para kiyA gayA AkramaNa hameM buddha kI yAda dilAtA hai jisa para bhI mAra dvArA AkramaNa kiyA gayA thaa| buddha aura jaina ke ye AkramaNa iMdra-vRtra yuddha kI vaidikavArtA kI bhI yAda dilAte haiN| aisA lagatA hai jaise yaha saba acche bure, satya-asatya, sura-asura, prakAza-aMdhakAra kI zaktiyoM ke bIca kI anAdi laDAI kI pratidhviniyA~ hI hoNgii| (yU.pI.zAha:3) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #134
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 91 asAdhAraNa zilpa kI ora dekhakara hama yaha samajhane lagate hai ki usa ghaTanA meM pracura mAtrA meM unakI nitAMta hissedArI rahI hogI, jo itihAsa aura purANa meM apane paira phailAe baiTha gaI hai aura eka akhaMDa paraMparA se joDatI hai jo I.pU. 600 taka phailI huI hai| isa varNanAtmaka zilpa ne, zilpakAroM kI racanAtmaka dUradRSTi ko protsAhita kiyA jisase ve apanI sabase acchI kalA kA pradarzana kara ske| nAgachatra yaha eka aisA saMketa cihna hai jo arhata pArzva tathA usake pUrvajoM ko nAgA jana-jAti se jor3atA hai| purAtatvIya sAkSya bhI yaha darzAte hai ki lagabhaga do DhAI haz2Ara varSoM taka buddha tathA anya paMthoM ke samAMtara jaina paraMparA meM bhI nAgapUjA astitva meM thii| ____ nAgachatra kA pratIka sAmAnya sAmAjika-sAMskRtika vAtAvaraNa meM vikasita huaa| upasarga kA saMdarbha, kamaTha dvArA pArzva para kI gaI prAkRtika ApadA tathA dharaNeMdra kA usake sAtha saMbaMdha Adi eka dhAtu para banI pArzva kI pratimA para milate haiM jise prinsa velsa ke myujiyama, (muMbaI) meM pAyA gayA jo I.pU. dUsarI-pahalI sadI meM (sirakA) ko banavAne ke lie dI thI aura mathurA meM sthita pArzva kI pratimA pahalI, dUsarI tathA tIsarI sadI meM banavAyI gayI thii| kiMtu karnATaka ke saMdarbha meM prAcIna guphAe~ bAdAmI tathA aihoLe kI hI haiN| _ pArzva kI ubharI huI nakkAzI aura upasarga kA bhAga aihoLe tathA bAdAmI meM bhI milate haiN| isake sAtha pArzva tathA supArzva ke zilpoM meM pAyI jAnevAlI samAnatA tathA usakI aitihAsika tathA paurANika saMkSipta prastAvanA dekhanA hogaa| ___ pArzvanAtha tathA AThaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha kI pratimA sarpachatra ke kAraNa aksara samAna hI lagatI hai| pArzva tathA supArzva kI pratimAoM ke madhya kI bhinnatA ko samajhane ke lie do bAtoM kA parIkSaNa Avazyaka hai| 1. jina kI pratimA, jisa para sarpachatra hai aura usakI kuMDalI usake pITha se hokara jina ke Asana ke nIce taka jAtI hai---vaha pratimA pArzva kI hai| 2. lAMchana athavA supArzvanAtha ke dhvaja para svastika kA cihna hai jo ki saubhAgya kA bodhaka hai| jaina paraMparA meM svastika jIvanacakra kA dyotaka hai| cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla meM pArzva kI pratimAoM tathA zilpoM ne lokapriyatA arjita kI thii| prAraMbhika kAla ke kucha maMdira pArzva ko samarpita the| aihoLe tathA bAdAmI kI guphAeM, se vvaguDi halluru tathA paumbuca basatI Adi aise sthAna haiM jahA~ For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #135
92 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya pArzva ko samarpita maMdira banavAye gae the| eka mAtra aihoLe tathA bAdAmI ke zilpa jainakalA ke itihAsa meM prAcInatA tathA ucca racanAtmakatA kA sthAna pAte haiN| Blooming lotus with rectangular frame bordered by exquisite floral design, Ceiling, Jaina Cave, Aihole, 6th Century Mithuna, an amorous couple, Ceiling, Aihole For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #136
510 Keyjaurel Kuo asnjenud 8 jeuosiado jeuogeujaju uoneonputer ale afat per arguit alicate | 93 An unique sculpture of Tirthankara, seated in Ardha - Padmasana, Aihole Elaborate relief of Vardhamana Mahavira with Parikara, Cave IV, Badami

Page #137
94 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya aihoLe? bAdAmI guphAoM kA prabhAva __ aihoLe-bAdAmI kI guphAoM kI viSayavastu tathA nakkAzI ne pallava, pAMNa tathA tamilanADu ke coLoM tathA rASTrakUToM ko prerita kiyaa| AThavIM sadI meM anemalAI ke samaNara koila ke bahuta baDe zilAkhaMDa para khudavAI gaI jinapArzva kI pA~ca phanoM vAlI vizAla pratimA Aihole-bAdAmI ke zilpa kI hI nakala hai| . kaLagamalAi tathA aihoLe bAdAmI kI pratimAoM kI sAdRzyatA para vicAra karanA jarurI hai- bAdAmI kI pratimAeM suMdara tathA zaktizAlI sarpa ke phana tathA kuMDalI meM virAjamAna haiM aura kalagumalaI ke pASANa meM banI pratimA meM gharaNendra pArzva pIche kI ora usake Upara uThakara usakI rakSA karatA huA dikhAI paDatA hai| . __ aihoLe bAdAmI meM sthita pArzva kI pratimA kI tulanA jaba kaLagumalAi kI pratimA se karate haiM to vaha bahuta hI sAdhAraNa sI pratIta hotI hai| pAMNDya ke putra kI kaLagumalAi meM sthita pratimA apane taraha kI anokhI pratimA hai jo zilpakAra kI sauMdarya-dRSTi ko hI pratibiMbita karatI hai| saMbhavataH yaha utkRSTa pratimA jisameM dharaNendra ko mAnavIya rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA, jisameM usakA apanA phana jinapArzva ke sira para atyaMta bhavya-divyatA se chatra-svarUpa hai, jo ekadama bejoDa hai| : . vistRta rUpa se utkhananita tathA AbhUSaNoM se yukta khudI huI ye donoM guphAe~, jise jIvita caTTAna se nirmANa kiyA gayA, bahuta hI vismayakArI hai| elorA kI jaina guphAe~ pASANoM meM banI zilpakalA kI bhavyatA se zreSTha hai| ina donoM jaina guphAoM kA aMdara vAlA bhAga elorA kI jaina guphAoM kI turaMta yAda dilAtA hai| jo kramAnusAra pahale kI hai, kiMtu sauMdarya kI dRSTi se uccatama, vilAsapUrNa tathA vizAla hai| jaina zilpakalA acchI taraha se elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM vikasita huI, jahA~ rASTrakUToM ke yugIna zilpakAroM ne caTTAnoM ko balazAlI vyaktiyoM kI taraha khodA aura jauharI kI taraha use traashaa| atyaMta kuzala zilpakAroM ke hAthoM meM pavitra prArthanA maMdiroM kA AkAra pAne ke lie parvata bhI bhavya-divya smArakoM meM pighala gae aura zilpakalA kA eka bejor3a saMgrahAlaya nirmANa huaa| ___ rASTrakuTa rAjAoM dvArA, elorA ke nigraMtha kI guphAoM ke dAlAnoM meM nauvIM sadI meM baDe baDe pASANoM ko kATakara banavAe gae zilpa bAdAmI tathA aihoLe ke nigraMtha kI guphAoM meM sthita dhyAnastha arhata pArzva tathA bAhubali kI pratimAoM ke samatulya hai| ye dakSiNa ke prAraMbhika saMdarbha hai| elorA meM bAhubali ke kula bAraha zilpa hai aura sabhI ke sabhI aihoLe tathA bAdAmI se sUtra lekara bagala meM hI khudavAe gae haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #138
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 95 bAhubali-gommaTa ___guDaNApura ke purAlekha ke anusAra kadaMba rAjA ravivarma (485-519) ne hAkinipallI meM kAmajinAlaya tathA kAllIli meM padmAvatI maMdira kA nirmANa kiyaa| usane prArthanA maMdiroM ke alaMkaraNa ke lie iDiUru daharakaveMguli tathA mukuMDI gA~voM tathA 51 nivartana kI jamIna tathA cAra nivartana kI AvAsI bhUmi Adi se Aya kA prabaMdha kiyaa| (gopAla : CKI: 81-91: Intro. LVII-LX) bI. Ara, gopAla kAmajinAlaya ko bAhubali ke maMdira ke rUpa meM mAnate hai aura isa ukti kI tulanA jinendramahimA-kArya se kI hai jo ki usI rAjA ke halsI ke tAmapatra meM milatI haiN| isa maMdira ko kAmajinAlaya bhI kahA jAtA thA jo bezaka eka basadi hai, jisameM bAhubali kI pratimA pratiSThApita hai| ye karnATaka meM bAhubali tathA padmAvatI kI pUjA ke prAraMbhika saMdarbha hai, jo ki vaiziSTyapUrNa hai| (rAjazekhara esa. karnATaka kI zilpakalA-1985-8-9) tathApi, hAla hI meM guDaNApura ke utkhanana meM eka jinAlaya meM TUTI tathA khaMDita pratimAoM sameta kaI jaina pratimAe~ pAyIM gayI jo eka hI sopAna para khaDI thii| ___ jaina avazeSoM ke saMcaya meM bAhubali ke koI cihna prApta nahIM hue| jabaki jainoM se saMbaMdhita padmAvatI kI eka prAcIna mUrti usI sthAna meM pAyI gyii| vidyamAna sAmagrI yaha sUcita karatI hai ki kAmajinAlaya bAhubali ko samarpita nahIM thaa| yaha maMdira padmAvatI ko samarpita thaa| jahA~ kAma aura rati kI pratimAe~ bhI pratiSThApita thii| . abhilekhiya saMpuSTi sunizcita karatI hai ki AdikadaMba jinadharma ke niSThAvAna bhakta the aura jaina kalA tathA saMskRti ke prati bahuta adhika anukUla the| tathApi bAhubali kI pratimAe~ aba taka vidyamAna nahIM hai| bAhubali, RSabha upanAma AdinAtha kA putra tathA bharata kA choTA bhAI 12 cakravartiyoM meM se pahalA cakravartI thA aura jaina paraMparA meM 24 kAmadevoM meM sabase prathama thaa| jaina avadhAraNA ke anusAra, kAmadeva matalaba atyaMta suMdara vykti| kaNakali jilA ke prAcIna sthAna para utkhananita avazeSoM ke saMcaya meM bAhubali kI koI pratimA yA zilpa prApta nahIM huA thaa| saMkSepa meM guptottara yuga meM bAhubali kI pUjA-prArthanA bahuta lokapriya ho gii| aba taka vidyamAna bAhubali kI prAcIna pratimA saimyuala ilenabarga ke saMgraha meM prApta eka dhAtu ke zilpa kI hai, jo chaThI sadI kI hai, jisake keza karine se Upara kI ora muDe tathA kaMdhe para girate hue dikhAI dete haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #139
96 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya bAdAmI guphA kI bAyIM ora, kone kA tathA vIthikA kA zilpa ekadama suMdara tathA advitiya hai| isa zilpa kI artha-chaTA dekhate hI banatI hai| bAhubali kI nakkAzI meM paurANika viSayavastu kA pracura mAtrA meM prayoga milatA hai| vidyAdharoM para maMDarAne vAlI divya yuvatiyoM meM parama-bhaktibhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| mAdhavI latAe~ usake pairoM tathA bhUjAoM para caDhI huI hai| sarpa usake caraNoM kI ora bAMbiyoM se reMgate hue A rahe haiM aura apanA phana phailA rahe haiN| bAhubali AkAzastha prANiyoM se ghire haiM mAno ve prANI unako apanI zraddhAMjalI de rahe haiN| bAhubali kI agala bagala meM khaDI do alaMkRta yuvatiyA~ unakI bahaneM haiM jo kramazaH brAhmI aura suMdarI ke nAma se jAnI jAtI haiN| isa para kaI vidvAnoM ne vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai| vizeSakara do jaina paraMparA ke saMdarbha meM punarvicAra kI AvazyakatA hai| digaMbara AcArya jinasena (859) ne apane AdipurANa meM yaha kahA hai ki una yuvatiyoM ne latAoM meM jakaDe bAhubali ko usakI tapasyA hetu prAkRtika ApadAoM se bacAne ke lie mukta kiyaa| kali kAla ke sarvajJa vidvAna zvetAMbarI AcArya hemacaMdra ne (1088-1172) bahuta jora dekara kahA hai ki brAhmI aura suMdarI usa dRzya meM isalie dikhAI detI haiM kyoMki ve apane bhAI kI deha ko latAoM kI jakar3ana se mukta karanA cAhatI thii| pampa ne (paMpa ne) (941) vargIkRta rUpa se kahA hai ki khecara varga kI pariyA~ isa dRzya meM dikhAI dete haiM aura unhoMne hI una latAoM ko sApha kiyA thaa| (pampaAdipurANa-14-141) bAhabali ke keza karIne se pIche kI ora mur3e haiN| usake kaMdhoM para jhulate hue ghugharAle bAla prathama tIrthaMkara bAhubali ke pitA, RSabha kI yAda dilAte haiM, zilpoM meM usako kaMdhoM para jhUlate ghugharAle bAloM ke sAtha citrita kiyA hai| bAhubali apane dUsare nAma gommaTa se adhika prasiddha the| bAhubali ko citrita karane kI tIna bhinna bhinna zailiyA~ haiM. 1. sira se lekara bhUjAoM taka girate phailate ghugharAle bAla 2. kaMdhoM taka phaile ghugharAle bAla 3. dhuMgharAle bAla jo golavRtta meM unake sira para mukuTa kI taraha dIkhate haiN| bAhabali kI nakkAzI ke saMracanAgata mUlya mahatvapUrNa hai aura isake lie atizayokti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jainazilpa kI bhavya paraMparA kA yaha prAraMbha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #140
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 97 thA jo doDDa beTTA (baDA pahAr3a - viMdhyagiri) (zravaNa belagola) kI U~cI coTI kI yAgmettara rekhA para pahuMcA thaa| usake bAda to gommaTa yaha nAma bAhubali ke lie pracalita huaa| saMkSepa meM, jahA~ taka pratimAgata vivaraNa kA savAla hai, zravaNabeLagoLa kI ekadama vizAla pratimA 981 meM gaMga rAjA ke senApati tathA maMtrI cAmuMDarAya dvArA saMskArita kI gaI thii| jo ki aihoLe bAdAmI se bhinna thii| balki isI viSaya para bane zilpoM ke lie eka nayA sA~cA thaa| tathApi purAtatviya sAkSya yaha darzAte haiM ki cAlukyoM kI jaina guphAoM meM pahalI bAra bAhubali ne dRzyAtmaka pratinidhitva pAyA thaa| ___ dakSiNa meM bAhubali-kalA kA vaiziSTyapUrNa pravAha prAraMbha karane kA yaza cAlukya zilpakAroM ko jAtA hai| unhoMne bAhubali kI kathAoM kI vRddhi zilpoM meM kI aura bAda ke kalAkAroM tathA lekhakoM ne phira apanI kalpanA bhI usameM DAla dI aura apanI pratimA ko cAra cA~da lagA diye| ___ bAhubali ko saMyama kI mudrA meM citrita kiyA gayA hai jise dArzanika zabdAvalI meM kAyotsarga mudrA kahA gayA hai| jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, yaha paraMparA doDDa beTTA zravaNa belagola (981) meM apanI coTI para phuNcii| The earliest extant relief of Bahubali, Cave IV, Badami For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #141
98 / bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya Bahubali engrossed in deep meditation, flanked by Apsares (sisters?), Jaina cave, Aihole, 6th Century. bAhubali saMpradAya karnATaka meM saMbhavataH AdikadaMboM ke yuga meM praveza kara pAyA thA, lekina isI yuga meM vaha adhika lokapriya huaa| kukkuTezvara Azcarya kI bAta hai ki gomaTezvara ke alAvA bAhubali kA eka aura nAma hai kukkutteshvr| viMdhyagiri parvata kI coTI para banI 58.8 phUTa bAhubali kI unnata pratimA ko, dakSiNa kukkuTezvara tathA unnata kukkuTezvara bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaina purANakathAoM meM kukkaTa isa zabda kA eka viziSTa saMdarbha tathA artha hai| kukkuTa kA artha hai murgA tadanusAra kukkaTa sarpa kA artha hai 'nAgaphanavAlA jaMgalI murgA' yaha murgA aura sarpa kA durlabha mizraNa hai| nRzAstravijJAna ke anusAra isa pratIka kA artha yaha hai ki nAgachatra tathA kukkaTasarpa nAgapUjaka jAti ke vizeSa pratIka hai| dilacaspa bAta yaha hai ki jainoM kI dhyAna dhAraNA ke eka Asana kA nAma bhI kukkaTAsana hai| maladhArideva (1118) eka sammAnita jaina dharmaguru kA aisA vaiziSTya thA ki usakA ullekha kukkaTAsana maladhArideva ke nAma se kiyA jAtA thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #142

Page #143
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 99 phargyusana tathA bargesa donoM, bAhubali ke gommaTa tathA gotamasvAmI, gaNadhara jo ki muni the, ke upanAma se bhrama meM par3a gae the aura phira to aura bhI ulajha gae jaba unhoMne bAhubali tathA pArzva donoM ke zarIroM ko latAoM se jakaDe dekhaa| gotamasvAmI pArzvanAtha ke sAtha aksara guphA zilpoM meM nagna tathA latAoM se jakaDe dRSTigocara hote haiN| (James Furgusson and James Burgess: (1880) 1988:488) yaha spaSTa kara denA cAhie ki bAhubali (gommaTa) kA prathama tIrthaMkara ke gaNadhara gotamasvAmI yA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha se koI lenA denA nahIM hai| kiMtu phargyusana tathA bargesa ke saMbaMdha meM yaha kahanA jarUrI hai ki unhoMne hI pahalI bAra 1880 meM pArzva tathA bAhubali ke zilpoM ko eka samAna paayaa| (nAgarAjayyA haMpAH jina pArzva maMdira 1999 : pp. 51-52) dilacaspa bAta yaha hai ki bAhubali kI svataMtra aura apratima pratimAeM isI yuga meM prakAza meM aayiiN| pro. saimyuela ilenabarga ke saMgraha kA cauthI tathA chaThI sadI ke madhya kA dhAtu zilpa bAdAmI cAlukyoM kI zailI kA hai| vizvapadma para dhyAna dhAraNA meM lIna, kAyotsarga mudrA meM khaDI yuvA bAhubali kI pratimA ke mukha para eka vizeSa / prakAra kA smita aura AnaMda jhalakatA huA dikhAI par3atA hai| isa prAcIna pratimA ke mahatva kI carcA karate samaya vidvAna evaM kalA ?itihAsakAra yU.pI. zAha kahate haiM ki, 'bAhubali ke zarIra para na to koI vastra hai aura nA hI koI aabhuussnn| kevala - latAoM se usakA zarIra, paira tathA bhujAe~ Adi AvRta ho gaye haiN| usake dhuMgharAle bAla usakI pITha tathA unnata kaMdhoM para phaile haiN| usake keza pIche kI ora muDe haiN| isa prakAra ke kezabhUSAvAlI bAhubali kI pratimAeM saMbhavataH zravaNabeLagoLa meM prApta huI thIM jo Aja muMbaI ke prInsa oNpha velsa ke saMgrahAlaya meM maujuda hai| isa prakAra ke kezabhUSAvAlI bAhubali kI dhAtu-pratimA kA aihoLe tathA bAdAmI meM pAyI jAne vAlI pratimAoM se tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| jabaki inakI saMpUrNa zarIrasaMracanA kA svarUpa aihoLe-bAdAmI kI guphAoM meM pAyI jAnevAlI pratimAoM se sAmya rakhatI hai| ilinabarga ke saMgraha meM prApta bAhubali kI pratimA, jahA~ taka maiM samajhatA hU~ bhArata meM pAyI jAne vAlI sabase prAcIna pratimA hai'| (yU.pI. zAha 1986: pp.397-98) uparyukta dhAtu-pratimA kI eka anya vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM na to sarpa hai, nA bAMbI aura nA hI usakI bagala For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #144
100 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya meM do yuvatiyA~ haiN| vidyamAna kisI bhI bAhubali ke zilpa meM itane taratIba se pITha para phaile keza dikhAI nahIM pdd'te| pro. ke. DhAke isa durlabha dhAtu-pratimA para vicAra karate hue yaha kahate haiM ki, 'yaha pratimA jyAdAtara 'kuzAna' yuga kI tathA cauthI sadI (e.DI) ke bAda kI ho sakatI hai| maiM bhI DhAke jI se sahamata huuN| saMkSepa meM, bAhubali saMpradAya bAdAmI sAmrAjya meM bahuta pracalita tathA lokapriya thaa| yadi aihoLe-bAdAmI kI jaina guphAoM ke zilpa bAhubali kI isa prakAra svataMtra dhAtu pratimAoM se prerita rahI hogI to isameM koI Azcarya nahIM honA caahie| koSTarAya koSTarAya agastya tIrtha ke dakSiNa-pUrva taTa ke pASANa meM khodI vizAla pratimA 'koSTarAya ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| isa pratimA ke prati sthAnIya logoM meM kucha dhAraNAeM pracalita haiN| unake anusAra, kuSTa roga se pIDita rAjA ne pAsa hI ke agastya tIrtha meM DubakI lagAI aura vaha rogamukta ho gyaa| isa prakAra kI daMtakathAoM, dhAraNAoM ko vizeSa mahatva na dete hue, vidvAnoM ne isa zilpa kA jina, buddha tathA kIrtivarma se saMbaMdha joDA aura apane vicAra isa prakAra vyakta kie.... 1. 'buddha kI mudrA meM Asanastha hone para bhI yaha pratimA na to buddha aura na . hI jina kA pratinadhitva karatI haiN|' 2. e. suMdara kA kathana hai, 'yaha zilpa rAjA kIrtivarma prathama kA ho aisA lagatA hai| saMbhavataH maMgaleza ne isako banavAyA thA, jo apane bhAI kA bahuta Adara karatA thaa|' 3. e.ema aNNiMgeri ko aisA lagatA hai ki koSTarAya nizcita hI bAdAmI ke . kile kA khajAMcI rahA hogA aura jo bAda meM yati bana gayA hogaa| (1958, 33) 4. karola reDikaliphpha kA kathana hai ki, 'mere lie isa pratimA kI tIthi tathA pahacAna rahasyapUrNa lagatI hai|' 5. . bI.vI. zeI likhate haiM, 'mukhya pratimA kA zIrSa padmAsana meM baMdhe paira, dhyAnamudrA meM bAMyA hAtha, makara se suzobhita siMhAsana, tathA do cAmaradhArI Adi sabhI aihoLe kI jainaguphA (chaThI sadI) kI sAraNiyoM meM khudavAye tIrthaMkaroM se milatI julatI hai| yaha isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki carcita zilpa niHzaMkita usa zilpakAra se khudavAyA gayA hai jo jaina For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #145
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 101 pratimAoM kI zailI se avagata rahA hogaa| ataH hAtha tathA pairoM kI mudrA, pArzva kA bodhivRkSa, pIche siMhAsana para banA mRga kA pratIka yaha saba isa bAta ko siddha karatA hai ki yaha buddha kI hI pratimA hai| tathApi pIche siMhAsana para khudavAe gae AbhUSaNa tathA zaMkhacakra spaSTataH se unakA viSNu ke sAtha saMbaMdha jAhira karate haiN| sthAnIya sAkSoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahanA adhika ucita hogA ki prastuta pratimA purANoM ke 'mAyAmoha' athavA 'buddhAvatAra viSNu' kI hogii| zailI ke AdhAra para prastuta zilpa kA samaya sAtavIM sadI athavA AThavIM sadI kA prathama dazaka rahA hogaa|' (zeTTI bI.vI. 1995:90) maiM bhI zeTTI jI se sahamata huuN| aihoLe ke saMgrahAlaya kA eka aura durlabha zilpa, eka pavitra pratimA kiMtu cAmadhAriyoM se rahita, grenAITa meM tarAzI gaI, desAI jI ke ghara ke pAsa hai| yaha pratimA dhyAnastha mudrA meM pITha para Asanastha hai| jisake pIche AyatAkAra kA takiyA dikhatA hai| yaha zilpa AThavIM sadI kA hai| vidvAnoM ne bhI isake saMbaMdha meM apane vibhinna mata die haiN| _ aura eka ullekhanIya zilpa hai bhaTTAraka kA, jo padmAsana kI mudrA meM hai aura jisane patalA sA vastra dhAraNa kiyA hai aura usake keza usakI chAtI tathA kaMdhoM para gira rahe haiN| yaha zilpa pIche ke prabhAvalaya ke kAraNa kisI devatA ke zilpa sA lagatA hai| (zivarAma murti 94) buddha kA dhAraNa kiyA gayA vastra bahuta hI saphAI se tarAzA gayA hai| yaha zilpa pUrvI cAlukyoM ke kAla kA hI hai kAraNa isameM pUrvI cAlukya yuga ke zilpa kalA kI bahuta sArI samAnatAe~ pAyI jAtI haiN| (rAjazekhara 186) isa pustaka ke lekhaka bhI rAjazekhara jI se sahamata haiN| ___ arhata pArzva tathA bAhubali kI prAcIna zilpAkRti ullekhanIya hai kAraNa isameM divya kinnara AsamAna se apane hAtha meM phUloM kI mAlAe~ lekara pavitra jina ko samarpaNa karane tairate A rahe haiN| kyoMki ve jina ko apane se bhI adhika zreSTha tathA Adarayukta mAnate the| yaha isa aura saMketa karatA hai ki arhata ne sAdhanA tathA dhyAna dhAraNA tathA adhyAtma meM adhika U~cAI prApta kI thii| pArzva kA protsAhaka dharaNeMdra se saMbaMdha kI sAkSya hameM prathama sadI meM milatI hai, kiMtu isakA ullekha lagabhaga dUsarI sadI ke Agama sAhitya meM AtA hai| aihoLe tathA bAdAmI kI guphAoM meM upasarga (ApadA) kA pratinidhikaraNa apratima hai| kyoMki For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #146
102 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya aba taka ke prApta zilpoM meM yaha sabase prAcIna zilpa hai| kabhI kabhI dharaNendra ke sAtha pAyI jAne vAlI jina kI pratimAe~, aihoLe-bAdAmI ke pASANoM meM tarAze gae zilpoM ke bahuta pahale kI haiN| kiMtu ve upasarga (ApadA) ke vivaraNa se rahita hai| upasarga ke vivaraNa se rahita zilpakRtiyA~ prAraMbhika tathA asAdhAraNa haiN| hAlA~ki zilpAkRtiyoM se maukhika tathA likhita paraMparA kA pUrvAnumAna ho jAtA hai| aba taka aisI sAmagrI hamAre pAsa nahIM AyI hai| eka anya pravRtti jisameM kamaThopatsarga ke mUlabhAva kA prastutIkaraNa aura bhI mahatvapUrNa hai aura vaha yaha hai ki yaha prastutikaraNa vidyamAna jinasena pArzvabhyudaya (780) tathA guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa (898) ke sAhityika saMdarbha tathA elorA ke jinaguphAoM tathA tamilanADu ke isI ke samAna zilpoM se bhI bahuta prAcIna hai| cAlukya zilpakAra bahuta hI kuzala, maulika tathA kalpanAzIla the, jinhoMne upasarga ke mUlabhAva ke prastutIkaraNa kA pratinidhitva kiyA jo samaya ke rahate AnevAle zilpakAroM ke lie jaise eka udAharaNa hI bana gayA jo isa prakAra kI viSayavastu para kAma kara rahe haiN| anupama varNanAtmaka phalaka aihoLe kI guphAoM ke aMtaHmaMDapoM kI dIvAreM tathA chateM guphA nirmAtAoM kI sRjanAtmaka dRSTi zilpakAroM ke adhIna thii| meNabasadi ke dAhine ora ke kakSa ke 7.39 mITara (25 phITa) laMbI tathA 2.18 mITara (7 phITa) UMcI dIvAra para banavAyA gayA varNanAtmaka phalaka apanI taraha kA eka utkRSTa tathA apanI avadhAraNA kA eka mAtra phalaMka thaa| nIce vAlI zilpAkRti jisameM lagabhaga 25 pratimAeM haiM, jisameM pArzva ke jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAe~ citrita haiM, jo pArzva ke jIvana kA mukammala citra hI upasthita karatA hai| yaha zilpa bahuta hI dhuMdhalA evaM TUTA hone para bhI abhI bhI usako dekhA samajhA jA sakatA hai| pArzva se ekadama viruddha mAnavI jIvana ke hara AnaMda kA upabhoga lene vAlI mana kI avasthA aura phira jo bhI usako priya thA usako asvIkAra kara, nagnAvasthA meM dhyAna dhAraNA meM lIna ho jAne vAlA yaha zilpa nizcita hI vizeSa adhyayana kI mA~ga karatA hai| - pArzva siMhAsana para paryaMkAsana (samabhaMga padmAsana) meM baiThakara AdhyAtmika bhavyatA ko prasArita kara rahe haiM aura unakI bagala meM do cAmaradhArI haiN| unake sira ke pIche kA prabhAmaMDala tathA sira para kA chatra-traya alaukika prAtihArya kA sAMketika hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #147
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 103 pA~caphanoM vAlA dharaNendra tathA eka phana vAlI padmAvatI (nAgarAja tathA nAgarAnI) pArzva ke dAyeM-bAyeM prArthanA kI mudrA meM baiThe haiN| anya alaMkRta devatAgaNa apane mukuTayukta zIza tathA prabhAmaMDala ke pIche apanI-apanI patniyoM ke sAtha jina kI agala bagala meM prArthanA kI mudrA meM khaDe haiN| yahI citra dakSiNa dIvAra para bhI dikhatA hai jahA~ khecara pramukha apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha uparyukta varNita citra ke samAna hI khaDe haiN| yaha phalaka citra phira uttara dIvAra para vaise hI calatA hai, jahA~ iMdra tathA iMdrANI apane airAvata para savAra apane dalabala ke sAtha jina kI bhavyatA meM bhAga lene cale A rahe haiN| iMdra iMdrANI ke zilpoM meM yaha zilpa sabase prAcIna hai| (nArAjayyA haMpa : Indra in Jain Iconography: 2002). tathApi, isakA aMtima bhAga laMbI lakIroM meM khatma ho jAtA hai jo tarAzA nahIM gayA hai| saMkSepa meM, yaha apratima phalaka pratyeka jina ke jIvana meM paMca kalyANa ke sAratatva ko utkRSTatA se kiMtu spaSTatA se prakaTa karatA hai| vizeSakara isakA jo sAra bhAga hai vaha yaha ki jina kI pUjA karate hue nAgarAja, sUra, khecara tathA unakA dala-bala pAraMparika varNana ke anusAra eka paMkti meM khar3e haiM, jo yaha batAte haiM ki . jina kI pUjA hara varga-jAti ke logoM ne kI hai- 'naagaamr-khcr-pti-puujitN'| hAlA~ki yaha zilpAkRti tatkAlIna zilpakAroM dvArA prazaMsAtmaka rUpa se pUrvaniyojita thI kiMtu tAjjuba hai ki * tatkAlIna zilpakAroM dvArA ise aise hI choDa diyA gayA hai| ....yaha zilpAkRti karnATaka ke jina smArakoM meM advitiya hai....lekina yaha pradarzana se adhika usakI yojanA ke kAraNa vizeSa rocaka hai| ina apUrva pratimAoM kA pUrNa rUpa se ThIka ThIka mUlyAMkana nahIM kiyA gyaa| paraMtu jitane bhI thoDe mUlyAMkana hue haiM ve yahI kahate haiM ki isakA niyojana baDhiyA rahA hai| mAnavIya AkRti kI vaha banAvaTa, AbhUSaNoM kA ucita prayoga, strI-purUSoM kI zilpAkRtiyoM kI suramyatA zilpakAroM kI kuzalatA tathA pratibhA kA hI pramANa detI haiN| cheni ke cihna abhI bhI gahare ubhare dikhate haiN| laMbI lakIre Aja bhI barakarAra hai| mukha aura zarIra kA kucha bhAga abhI nirmANAdhIna haiN| isa phalaka kA apanA hI eka AkarSaNa hai| isako dekhakara pUrI saMtuSTI nahIM hotI para yaha hamArI utsukatA ko avazya baDhAtA hai| isa prakAra kA koI bhI phalaka karnATaka ke kisI bhI kalAkAra dvArA maMdira kI pRSThabhUmi para banavAne kI yojanA nahIM kI hogii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #148
104 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya aihoLe- meNabasadI maMdira sAmane vAlI bADI ke Upara, phUloM tathA pallavoM se alaMkRta maMdira kI bagala meM choTe choTe kakSoM se yukta eka haoNla hai, jisake bAyeM vAlA kakSa abhI bhI apUrNa hai| garbhagRha meM sthita vizAla siMhAsana bahuta hI AkarSaka hai| siMhAsana para Asanastha jina ko kaIyoM ne mahAvIra hI mAnA hai| kiMtu isakI sahI pahacAna karanA kaThina hai| kAraNa stambhAdhAra para dhvaja nahIM hai jo ki apanA pratIka cihna rakhane kA Ama sthAna hotA hai| jinake sira ke Upara kA chatra-traya tathA sira ke pIche kA prabhAmaMDala ullekhanIya hai| ___ mahAvIra kI zilpAkRti, jisameM mahAvIra chatra-traya ke nIce padmAsana kI mudrA meM baiThe haiM, eka bahuta baDe gadde ke sAmane hai, aura yaha gaddA samastarIya argale ke upakaraNa ke viruddha rakhA gayA hai aura yaha argalA do khaMbhoM ke sahAre khaDA hai aura khabhoM ke chora para makara hai jo ki mAtra eka hI hai| aihoLe ke isa zilpa kI eka anya ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki isameM do purUSa AkRtiyA~ hAtha joDakara prazaMsA kI mudrA meM cAmaradhAriyoM ke pIche khaDI hai, aura jinhoMne kiriTa-mukuTa jaise khAsa AbhuSaNa bhI pahane haiN| * karnATaka meM vidyamAna mahAvIra kA yaha zilpa bahuta hI purAnA (lagabhaga chaThI sadI kA aMtima dazaka) hone ke kAraNa isakI anya vizeSatAe~ saMkSepa meM isa prakAra karabaddha tathA pA~caphanoM vAlA chatra dhAraNa karanevAlI eka mahilA kA avakSa zilpa bhI siMhAsana ke dAhine ora hai, jo saMbhavataH nAga sevikAoM kI pramukha hai| isake samAna hI eka anya zilpAkRti bhI bAyIM ora dikhAI par3atI hai para usake Upara mAtra eka phanavAlA chatra hai, saMbhavataH yaha nAgarAja kI rAnI hai| * Asanastha jina ke pIche kA prabhAvalaya sAdhAraNa sA hai| * jaina prathA ke anusAra prabhAvAlaya ke Upara chatra-traya dikhAI paDatA hai| . zAsanadevatA kA abhAva turaMta dhyAna meM A jAtA hai| . . caityavRkSa bhI dikhAyA nahIM gayA hai| bAdAmI guphA maMdira bAdAmI kA guphA maMdira jise atyaMta bArikI se tarAzA gayA hai, vaha krama meM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #149
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 105 cauthe naMbara kA hai| yaha guphA maMdira eka laMbe parvata zilA meM tarAzA gayA hai jo ki rAjadhAnI kI kilebaMdI thaa| pArzva tathA bAhubali ke zilpa jaise bhavyatA kI sImA para Akara Thahara se gae haiN| ina guphAoM ke praveza bhAga meM cAra baDe baDe staMbha tathA do AyatAkAra khaMbhe haiM jo vIthikA ko AdhAra die hue khaDe haiN| isakI chata apane yuga kI kucha rocaka kathAoM se susajjita haiM, jaise uDate vidyAdhara, khile hue kamala tathA machalI, makara, timiMgala tathA nAga-kuMDala kI AkRtiyA~ aadi| aMdara kA barAmadA bhI cAroM khaMbhoM meM vibhAjita hai, jo vizAla tathA AyatAkAra meM hai jisake cAroM ora AlA banavAe gae haiM jisameM jina kI mUrtiyA~ sthApita kI gaI haiN| usakA UparI hissA taraMga-bodhikA balbanumA AyatAkAra meM hai| khaMbhoM kA kucha bhAga ubaDa khAbaDa hai aura pramukha stambha ke pAsa ke zahatIra makaroM ke zIrSa se alaMkRta haiN| yaha sabhI bahuta hI rocaka tathA prabhAvakArI hai| . ___ bAdAmI guphA maMdira ke mahAvIra kA eka anya tarAzA huA zilpa aihoLe guphA maMdira ke samAna hI hai, para kucha bhinnatA lie hue haiN| jina eka bar3e se gaddenumA takie para vizrAma kara rahe haiM aura jisake pIche do stambhoM kA saMtulana saMbhAlane vAlA eka bar3A-sA zahatIra hai jisake choroM para makara zIrSa haiN| yaha zilpoM kI Ama zailI hai jo aura bhI jagahoM para dekhI jA sakatI hai| apane pIche ke pairoM para khaDe siMha AyatAkAra khaMbhoM se lagakara hai, jabaki zahatIra ke choroM para makara . haiN| chatra-traya ke nIce ardhakamala meM dhyAnamudrA meM baiThe mahAvIra ke sira ke pIche prabhAvAli aura caityavRkSa bhI hai| uDate hue mAlA-dhAraka maMdira kI bagala meM haiN| tIna tIna siMhoM meM se do Akhira meM haiM jo yaha sUcita karate haiM ki vaha stambhAdhAra siMhAsana hai aura madhya kA eka siMha 24 veM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA lAMchana hai| do cAmaradhArI pIche kI ora khaDe haiN| mahAvIra kA zilpa cAlukya yuga kA eka udAharaNa hai jo ki chaThI sadI ke aMtima dazaka kA hai| - garbhagRha kI sIDhiyoM kI bagala meM hasti-hasta tathA praveza dvAra para azvapada hai jo ki ullekhanIya hai| bAdAmI kI guphA meM tarAzI huI paravartI yuga kI mahAvIra kI anya do zilpAkRtiyA~ jina ko kAyotsarga mudrA meM darzAtI haiN| unameM se eka caturviMzati-pa; karnATaka kA apanI taraha kA eka prAcIna zilpa hai| (prAraMbhika dasavIM sadI) jaina-guphA maMdira zAMti aura AtmavizvAsa ke prabhA ko utsarjita karate haiM, 'jainoM ke lie burAI khatma karanA yAni yaha nahIM hai ki hAthoM meM hathiyAra sauMpa denA balki dRr3ha saMyamI tathA nirbhaya honA hai| guphA maMdira nirmAtA, yAtriyoM ko yahI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #150
106 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya saMdeza denA cAhate the ki mana kI zakti tana kI zakti se adhika tAkatavara hotI hai| jisake bAre meM jina ne apane upadezoM meM pahale hI batAyA thaa| (Kurt Titze 1998:33-35) ___ bAdAmI se kucha dUrI para banI anya tIna guphAe~ jo buddha, ziva tathA viSNu ko samarpita haiM, hajAroM sAla pahale ke parikalpanA dharma-nirapekSatA kI bhavya sAkSya hai| ve dhArmika samarasatA, saha-astitva tathA dhArmika-sAmAjika sahiSNutA kA amUlya saMdeza hI dete haiN| naMdI tathA gopinAthaguTTa guphA (kolAra jilA) prAcIna vaibhavapUrNa jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pracalita huii| 750 kA purAlekha yaha kahatA hai ki dvApara yuga meM dazaratha ke putra rAmasvAmI ne arhata ke jaina caitya bhavana kI sthApanA kii| usake bAda pAMDavoM kI mAtA kuMtidevI ne maMdira ke garbhagRha kA punaH nirmANa kiyaa| naMdI pahADa jaise pRthvI kA AbhUSaNa hI thA aura mokSa prApti karane kA mArga thA, jo dharaNendra kI maNi kI taraha camaka rahA thaa| yaha pahADa, jo sabhI parvatoM meM utkRSTa thA, jainendra ke kAraNa pAvana huA, jisameM prAkRtika guphAe~ thI, jahA~ RSigaNa yoga sAdhanA kiyA karate the| .. kaLvappu, kogALi, koLLegAla, koppaLa, kellipusUra, arabaLLi, kellaMgere tathA banavAsI ke sAtha sAtha yaha naMdI pahADa cAlukya sAmrAjya kA eka aura jaina tIrtha hai| anya sthAnoM kI taraha, madhyakAla ke bAda, naMdI pahADa bhI jainettara paMthiyoM dvArA haDapa liyA gyaa| (zarmA Aya. ke. karnATaka ke gaMgoM ke maMdira : 1992:175-78). pallavoM tathA coLoM (tamilanADu) ne bhI iyyakki padAri (arthAta yakSI bharI) kI pUjA ko protsAhana diyaa| (Sarma I.K.: Temples of the Gangas of Karnataka) nizidhi purAlekha-zAsana karnATaka meM vidyamAna prAcIna jaina purAlekha yAni nizidhi purAlekha aura ye saba cAlukya. yuga ke the| upalabdha samIkSAtmaka rikArDoM ke anusAra, kramAnusAra sorale (maisura jilA) Araballi (bellArI jilA) tathA kaLvappu ke nizidhi purAlekha bahuta prAcIna haiM, jisakI tithi IsA. kI chaThI tathA sAtavIM sadI kI hai| - jaina paraMparA meM anya zarIra ke avayavoM meM pairoM (caraNa) ko hI pUjA ke lie cunA gayA hai| ye padacihna jina ke For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #151
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 107 padacihna mAne jAne ke kAraNa bhakta gaNoM kA yaha vizvAsa hai ki ina padacihnoM kI pUjA-arcanA tathA usake guNa gAna se hI mokSa kI prApti hogii| pahADoM ke rAjA sammedagirI (jhArakhaMDa), kaLvappu tathA anya jagahoM para jaina dharmaguru Aja taka ina caraNoM kI pUjA karate A rahe haiN| hAlA~ki isa yuga ke purAlekha bar3I saMkhyA meM pAe gae haiM, kiMtu ina pavitra caraNoM ke zilpa aba taka kramasaMkhyA meM prakAza meM Ae haiN| pArasanAtha pahADa ko, sammedagirI bhI kahA jAtA thA, jo ki eka siddha kSetra hai jisakA upanAma hai nirvANabhUmi, jahA~ pArzva sameta bIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne janma mRtyu ke cakra se mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| jise nizihiyA (saM.nizidhikA) kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra se, bihAra ke pAsa ke campapurA zahara ke pAsa kA maMdira bArahaveM tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya ko samarpita kiyA gayA hai| jisako 'saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka' ke vasudeva hiMdI meM nizitAyataNa kahA gayA hai| (sI.pAMcavIM sadI) sammedagirI caMpApurI tathA pAvApurI ye pAvana sthala haiM aura jaina loga nizidhi kI tIrtha yAtrA tathA vahA~ jAkara prArthanA karane ke lie bahuta mahatva dete hai| vidyamAna nizidhi isa yuga ke jainoM kA smAraka pASANa, vidvAnoM kA dhyAna khIMcatA hai| vyAvahArika dRSTi se isa yuga ke, kisuvoLAla tathA puligere ke nizidhi nahIM hI hai, jabaki aihoLe tathA bAdAmI ke do haiN| kiMtu zravaNabeLagoLa meM do darjana nizidhi pAe gae haiN| kaI smaraNiya purAlekha sAtavIM tathA AThavIM sadI meM caMdragirI ke parvata para likhe gae haiN| dilacaspa bAta yaha hai ki purAlekha kA saMbaMdha kisI bhI rAjA yA rAjya se nahIM hai aura nA hI usa meM kisI rAjA ke zAsanakAla kA hI ullekha hai| dUsarI ora ve muni tathA sAdhviyoM ke saMgha ke bAre meM kahate haiM, udAharaNasvarUpa, sAtavIM sadI ke kucha nizidhi una svAdhviyoM ke bAre meM yaha kahatA haiM ki ve cAlukyoM ke kAla ke navilUrU saMgha kI ziSyAeM thiiN| rocaka bAta yaha hai ki sAtavIM sadI kI arabaLLi ke nizidhi meM pulakezi ke nAma kA ullekha hai| sallekhana AtmaghAta nahIM hai| jaina paraMparA meM laMbe upavAsa karake mRtyu kA svAgata karanA hai| caMdragirI tathA kucha anya jagaha ke sAtavIM sadI ke lagabhaga tIsa nizidhi purAlekha pairoM kI zilpAkRtiyA~ darzAte haiM, jo muni tathA sAdhviyoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM, jinhoMne zAMti tathA dhIraja se anna jala kA tyAga kara mRtyu kA avalaMba kiyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #152
108 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya saMbhavataH karnATaka ke sabase prAcIna pUrNa vikasita nizidhi zilpa jo sAtavIM sadI kA hai, vaha aihoLe kA hai| tarAzI huI nizidhi kI paTiyA, jo meguDI, jinendra bhavana, ke kaMpAuMDa ke dIvAra para lagAI gaI hai, vaha apane taraha kA pahalA phalaka hai| halake sunahare retile patthara para tarAze tathA atyaMta suMdaratA se darzAye zilpa ke UparI hisse ke bIcoM bIca ardha padmAsana kI mudrA meM baiThe mahAvIra ko dikhAyA gayA hai| nicale bhAga ke tIna siMhamukha jaise siMhAsana ke rUpa meM pITha ko sUcita karate haiN| jina ko cAmara jhulAte eka AcArya ko bAyIM ora dikhAyA gayA hai, jisake hAtha meM morapaMkha tathA kamaMDala lie dAhine ora ke vyakti kI ora unmukha hai| jina ke sevakoM ko jo morapaMkha lekara darzAyA gayA hai, yaha pUrva-kuzAna zilpa kI hI sAkSya hai| jainamuni tathA sAdhviyoM (mAtAji) ke mArga ke choTe choTe jIva jaMtuoM ko jhADate, sApha karate dikhAyA gayA hai, tAki jaba ye jainamuni paidala calane lage to unake pairoM tale ve rauMda . na jAe yA Ahata na ho|, jainapratyAzi hAtha joDakara paryaMkAsana meM prArthanA kI mudrA meM baiThe hai| sallekhana kA vrata lene vAlA vyakti mastaka ke Upara uSNiza kI gA~Tha ke sAtha, kAna meM kuMDala, hAthoM meM kaMgana tathA pairoM meM pAyala dhAraNa kie hue haiN| jisase vaha vyakti abhijAta varga kA lagatA hai| hAlA~ki itane saje-dhaje vyakti kI pahacAna nahIM hotii| phira bhI usake ravikirtI hone kI saMbhAvanA ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| yaha durbhAgya kI bAta hai ki cAra paMktiyoM vAlA vaha purAlekha jo ki eka zilpa ke nIce likhA gayA hai, use isa taraha se miTA diyA gayA hai ki use paDhA hI nahIM jA sktaa| ___ uparyukta nizidhi smAraka ke sAdRzya sAdhAraNa zabdoM meM kahA jAya to yaha bAdAmI kA saMgrahAlaya hI hai| aura eka paMktivAlI pASANa pa ikA uparyukta varNana meM thoDe se aMtara ke sAtha mela khAtI hai| kiMtu yaha takhtI kisI bhI purAlekha se rahita hai| jabaki zilpAkRti ke nIce kA atyaMta suMdara AyatAkAra bhAga smAraka ke vivaraNa sahita honA cAhie thaa| isa yuga ke aneka nizidhi zilpa beLLArI jile ke yerabaLLi tathA arabaLLi pahADI meM pAe ge| hAlA~ki tarAzA huA bahuta sArA vivaraNa aspaSTa hai| phira bhI vidyamAna bhAga ullekhanIya hai| bellArI jile ke arAbalI pahADI ke pazcima bhAga kI ca Ana para jo nizidhi purAlekha pAyA gayA hai, usane isa yuga meM jainoM ke sthAna kA adhyayana karane meM eka naI dizA dii| 1400 sAla prakRti meM khulA rahane tathA prAkRtika ApadAoM kI mAra sahane ke kAraNa aitihAsika mahatva For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #153
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 109 ke vivaraNa se yukta yaha ca na aba jarjara ho rahA hai aura dhIre dhIre usake Tukar3e girate jA rahe haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa khudA huA viviraNa miTatA calA jA rahA hai| pro. zrInivAsa rittI phira bhI jitanA saMbhava ho sakA utanA bhAga artha lagA pAe aura apane isa purAlekha ko prakAzita kara diyaa| (zrInivAsa rittI A New Early Chalukyas Inscriptiom, Journal of epigraphical society of India: vol VII (1980):1- 2) kucha jaina muniyoM ke nAma hai jinhoMne sallekhana kA vrata dhAraNa kara mRtyu kA avalaMba kiyA, jaise, iMdranaMdI, siddhanaMdI, jayanaMdI, sirinaMdI tathA ajitasena AcArya kA ziSya dharNasena aadi| madhyakAla meM kaI jaina muniyoM ke nAma ajita senAcArya ke samAna milate haiN| kiMtu isa nAma kA eka aura prAcIna anudezaka hameM arabaLLi nizidhi meM milatA hai| pulakezi dvitIya ke kucha hI pASANa purAlekha meM se yaha eka hai aura saMbhavataH beLLArI jile meM pAyA jAnevAlA / prathama zilApaTTa hai| purAlekhoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha pahADa jainamuniyoM kA vAsasthAna thA jahA~ ki prAkRtika guphAe~ tapa karane ke lie hI istemAla kI jAtI thii| sAtavIM sadI ke prAraMbhika dazaka kI ina nizidhi se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kaLvappu tathA kopaNacala ke samAna arabaLLi pahAr3a bhI prAcIna samAdhi parvata hI thA, jo guphAoM se yukta thaa| sAmAnya zabdoM meM kahA jAya to arbalI nizidhi (lagabhaga 630 e.DI.) sosale nizidhi (lagabhaga 500 sI.I) ke bAda kI hai aura kaLvappugirI kI samakAlIna hai| arabaLLi purAlekha kI bhASA prAcIna kannar3a hai| mahatvapUrNa jaina muniyoM ke kAraNa kittUra saMgha saMpanna huaa| kittUra saMgha ke dharmasena guruvaDigaLa tathA unakA ziSya baladeva guruvaDigaLa sAMtavIM sadI ke kaLvappu ke purAlekha meM pramukhatA se dikhAI dete haiN| sAtavIM sadI eka anya ghoSaNA patroM meM jaina sAdhvI nAgamatigaMTi tathA adeyaranADu arthAta adeyarASTra meM cittura ke ziSya moniguruvaDigaLa kA ullekha milatA hai| adeyarASTra ko Azrayanadi-viSaya bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha zabda vellura ke pAsa udayeMdirama ke pradeza se yukta hai| sadaguNoM kI khAna tathA asAdhAraNa utkRSTatA arthAta atyaMta sammAnita saMta puSpanaMdi ne lagabhaga 700 meM kollegAla (bastipura) ke dakSiNa kI pahADI meM iMToM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #154
110 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya ke bane jinAlaya ke parisara meM mokSa prApta kara, purimaMDala ke samarpita ziSya tathA anudezaka baladeva meM lagabhaga 700 meM niSidhikA ke pAsa apane guru puSpadaMta (puSpanaMdI) ke pAsa hI paramAnaMda kI sthiti ko prApta kiyaa| (EC: IV : (R): kollegAla saMkhyA. 91-92. sAtavIM AThavIM sadI). ai. ke. zarmA ke anusAra, pahADI ke satahI bhUmi para tippura kI taraha hara jagaha, IMToM kA kUDA phailAyA gayA hai| ___ lagabhaga eka mITara ghanA kUDA, IMTo kI TUTI phUTI mUrtiyA~, pattharoM ke Dhera Adi dekhA gayA (zarmA ai.ke. 1992:203) kiMtu 1981 meM hI eka AdamI ne koLLegAla ke grenAiTa se bhare isa pahADI kI saphAI kI thii| pro. ema.esa kRSNamUrti ne isI sAla jaba isa sthAna ko bheMTa dI thI, taba unhoMne eka jaina muni ke atyaMta karIne se tarAze caraNa khoja nikAle the, jisake irdagirda likhA gayA thA, bhaTArara zrI pAdakke pAnada gorava rAyavara...arthAta bhaTTara pAnada gorava rAyavara ke pavitra caraNoM kA gorv| purAlekhakAroM ne 8 vIM sadI meM zravaNabeLagoLa ke pAda caraNoM ko pAnada bhaTTara ke caraNa hai isakI pahacAna kI hai| (EC.11(R) No.11(9) :P.7). ___ durbhAgya se choTI sI pahADI para IToM meM banAyA jinAlaya hai aura jahA~ do nizidhi tarAze gae haiM, jo inhI varSoM meM purNataH naSTaprAya ho ge| isa pustaka ke lekhaka ne apane kSetrakArya ke daurAna yaha dekhA hai ki yaha sthAna niraMtara naSTaprAya hotA jA rahA hai, jahA~ bar3e bar3e gaDDe nirmANa ho cuke haiM aura jinameM pAnI bhara gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #155
adhyAya sAta jaina - zilpakalA bhAga-A PARE jina zAsanadevatA aMbikA, padmAvatI, jvAlAmAlinI tathA bAhubali ___ isa kAla ke parikara devI, devatA tathA jainoM ke alaukika tatvoM kA mUrtikalA ko byorevAra dekhanA parakhanA ucita hogaa| aisA karane se hama AgAmI kAla kI zilpakalA para usake prabhAva aura phailAva ke padacihna tathA nizAna pA ske| ataH vizeSa mudrA meM baiThe tathA khaDI pratimAe~ tathA parikaroM ko vistAra se adhyayana karane kI AvazyakatA hai| devatAoM kI pUjA tathA unakI lokapriyatA jainoM ke dhArmika rIti rivAjoM meM ghula mila gae haiN| nigraMtha samudAya ke utsAhI caritra nAyakoM ne apane pasaMda kI pavitra mUrtiyA~ tathA iSTa devatA kI pratimAe~ sAmrAjya ke kaI jagahoM ko samarpita kara dii| isa prakAra jainadharma kI jar3eM gA~voM taka janamAnasa ko bhI prabhAvita kara gyiiN| isa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| lokapriya devatAoM kI sannikaTatA se, yaha gatizIla mata rAjanItika, sAmAjika tathA Arthika sahayoga prApta kara sakA jisase vaha Age bddhaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #156
112 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya chaThI sadI aisA kAla thA, jaba jainadharma dharma-samanvaya kI ora vikasita huA, jisameM jina, jinazAsana devatA, vidyAdeviyA~, sarasvatI, lakSmI Adi kA samAveza thaa| mUrtikalA kI pRSThabhUmi jinapArzva kI guphAoM meM sthita zilpAkRtiyoM kA mUrtikalA tathA aitihAsika mahatva tathA dhArmika vaiziSTya kI pichale adhyAya meM vistAra se carcA kI gayI hai| ina do zilpAkRtiyoM kI eka pravRtti yAni vaha AkRtiyA~ jo jina ko paMkhA jhala rahI hai, jinako zAsana devatA kahA jAtA hai| jo jina ke Adeza kI rakSA karatI haiN| yaha adhyAya pramukha rUpa se isa kAla kI jina se duyyama devatAoM ke zilpagata mahatva kI carcA ke lie rakhA gayA hai| ___ dhyAna mudrA meM baiThI mahAvIra kI pratimAe~, zAsana devatA aihoLe-bAdAmI kI . guphAoM meM sthita dhyAna mudrA meM Asanastha zAsana devatA ke sAtha mahAvIra kI pratimAe~, atyaMta prAcIna upalabdha pratimAe~ haiN| iMdra hI pratyeka tIrthaMkara kI sevA karane hetu zAsana devatAoM kI niyukti karatA hai, ataH yakSa yakSIyoM (jaina maMdiroM ke devatAoM kA varga) ne bhI zraddhA kA pada prApta kiyA thA kiMtu jina ke bAda hai| yaha araNyavAsI AtmAoM vAle parikara jina ke prabala bhakta hone ke kAraNa alaukika guNoM se yukta the aura pauruSayukta zaktiyoM ko zAMta karane yogya the| jAhira hai ki ina zAsana devatA ke irda girda eka svataMtra zraddhA kA valaya nirmANa huaa| durlabha saMyoga ke kAraNa, zAsana devatAoM kI svataMtra prAcIna pratimAe~ cAlukya yuga ko samarpita kI gayI thiiN| ye asAdhAraNa zilpa donoM ubhaDI-zilpAkRtiyoM tathA svataMtra zilpa prAcIna pAraMparika jJAna ke pUrtikartA the, tathA unake yuga tathA sRjakoM ke svapna the| jaina mUrtikalA kA apanA eka vyAkaraNa hai, jo ki jaina devatAoM ke adhyayana ke lie anukUla hai| kisI bhI purAlekhiya sAkSya ke abhAva meM lAMchana tathA jina kI sevA karane vAle zAsana devI-devatAoM se hama tIrthaMkaroM kI pahacAna prApta kara sakate haiM aura jaina paMtha kI zreNI meM unakA sthAna samajha sakate haiN| mUrti para zilpa kI tithi tathA nAma ke sAtha dAtA kA purA byorA hai, jisase hameM pratimA kI Ayu aura kSetra nizcita karane meM madada milatI hai| ___ Amataura para jaina devatAe~ vizeSa rUpa se yakSa aura yakSI jina ke parikara devatAe~ haiN| madhyakAlIna madhyayuga se pratyeka tIrthaMkara kI bagala meM sAmAnyataH yakSa yakSI kA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #157
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 113 joDA dikhAyA gayA hai, jo yA to Asanastha yA phira khar3e hue haiN| isa prakAra 24 yakSa yakSIyA~ haiN| isa saMdarbha meM, aihoLe tathA bAdAmI ke zAsanadevatA kI pratimAoM kA aitihAsika mahatva hai| aMbikA jvAlAmAlinI tathA zyAma kI svataMtra pratimAe~ iSTa devatA kI ananya tathA samRddha padoM ko darzAtI haiN| dharaNeMdra tathA padmAvatI kI zilpAkRtiyoM ko anya devatAoM ke sAtha vicArAdhIna rakhakara usa para ciMtana manana karanA hogaa| mUrtikalA kI zailI tathA anya vivaraNa kA tatkAlIna yuga tathA jaina zilpakalA-sAhitya kI pRSThabhUmi para ciMtana karane yogya hai| ukta viSaya para tiloyapaNNati jaisI pustaka ko choDakara anya pustakeM paravartI yuga kI hai| jabaki isa pustaka meM kevala pUrvI sAhitya kA hI AdhAra liyA gayA hai| (nAgarAjayya haM.pa.: yakSa yakSI :1976). __ prAcIna kAla se logoM kA bahuta bar3A varga sthAnika devI devatAoM, yakSoM, nAgoM tathA bhAratIya mUla kI strI devatAoM kI pUjA karatA A rahA hai| jaina paMtha meM bhI vidyAdeviyoM, zrutadevI tathA yakSIyoM ne bahuta baDA sthAna le cukI haiN| zAsanadevatAe~ bhI SoDazopacAra ke adhikArI the, kiMtu aSTavidha arcanA ke adhikArI nahIM the| . (abhiSeka, pUjA, naivedya, pradakSiNA, namaskAra, saMgita, nartana tathA vAdya) laukika lAbha pAne tathA pratyAzI icchAoM kI Apurti ke lie zAsana devatAoM kA AhvAna kiyA jAtA hai| ___24 yakSIyoM meM se jinako zAsanadevI kahA jAtA hai aura jo inameM se tIrthaMkaroM se saMbaMdhita hai, pA~ca bahuta lokapriya haiM jabaki anya bhI utanI hI zraddhAspada hai| cakrezvarI, padmAvatI, aMbikA, jvAlAmAlinI tathA siddhAyikA, RSabha, pArzva, nemi (ariSThanemi) caMdraprabhA tathA mahAvIra kI parikara devatAoM ko anya deviyoM se adhika mAnyatA milii| vizeSakara tAMtrika rIti rivAjoM meN| saMkSepa meM tatkAlIna yuga ke vidyamAna jaina avazeSoM ke Dhera meM mAtra aMbikA, padmAvatI tathA jvAlAmAlinI ke zilpa ubharakara dikhAI dete haiN| __ kucha jaina pratimAe~ parikaroM tathA zAsanadevatAoM se rahita bhI najara AtI haiN| kAyotsarga mudrA meM sthita pAMcaphanoM vAlI arhata pArzva kI advitIya pratimA (jo gadaga jile ke mallasamudra gA~va meM hai joki jaina tIrtha kSetra muLaguMda ke mArga para hai) sAtavIM sadI ke uttarArdha ke AsapAsa kI hai| yaha pratimA kisI tIrthaMkara kI sabase prAcIna pratimA hai| jo kisI maMdira ko samarpita kI gaI hai| kiMtu hAla hI meM jaina nArAyaNa maMdira (paTTadakalla) ke pIche ke sthAna para kie gae utkhanana meM khojI gaI chaThI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #158
114 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya sadI kI jaina pratimA tathA banavAsI ke pAsa guMDanApura meM kie gae utkhanana meM pAyI gaI chaThI sadI kI RSabha kI pratimA paravartI pratimA hogii| yaha svataMtra pratimAe~ cAmaradhArI tathA zAsana devatAoM se rahita haiN| sAmAnyataH svIkRta niyamAnusAra yakSI ko jina ke bAMyI ora tathA yakSa ko dAhinI ora dikhAyA gayA hai| kiMtu unake sthAna kA krama nauMvIM sadI ke anaMtara nayA lagatA hai| cAlukyoM ke yuga ke daurAna aihoLe tathA bAdAmI kI guphAoM meM, yakSI padmAvatI ko pArzva ko dAhinI ora dikhAyA gayA hai| kiMtu pomburaca ke samAna dikhanevAlI do pratimAeM jo ki nauMvIM sadI kI hai, jisameM padmAvatI bAyIM ora hai| yahIM se yakSI kA dAhine se bAyIM ora hone kI zuruvAta huii| aMbikA- mUla strota - pahalI sadiyoM ke AcArya jaise jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (520-623), haribhadra sUri (550-640), punnATa saMgha ke jinasena (783), aura kavi pona (960) ne aMbikA kA AhvAna kiyA hai| apabhraMza sAhitya ke jAdugara puSpadaMta (970) ne kahA hai ki aMbikA apane pUrva janma meM jaina zravikA thii| usakA vivAha jaina brAhmaNa zrAvaka ke sAtha huA thA aura eka jaina tyAgI ko AhAra dekara vaha devI bnii| vaha ujjayaMta (gujarAta ke giranAra) ke jaMgala meM vAsa karatI thii| vaha sAhitya kI pratyeka gatizIlatA kI preraNA hai| zvetasiMha para savAra vaha divya saudAminI ko bhI mAta detI hai| usake tIkSNa nAkhUna hai jisase vaha duzmanoM kI talavAra Adi ko bhI AsAnI se kATa detI hai| yaha saba usake varNana kA abhinna aMga hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki tarkavida bhaTTa akalaMka (725-80) ne apane bauddha virodhI ko parAjita karane ke lie aMbikA kA AhvAna kiyA thaa| punnATa saMgha (karnATa deza ke jainamuniyoM kI eka zAkhA) ke jinasena ne 784 meM vardhamAnapura (saurASTra) meM harivaMza purANa likhane kA kArya pUrNa kiyaa| kavi meM ujjayaMtagiri ke zikhara para bane aMbikA yakSI maMdira kA saMdarbha diyA hai| arikesari tRtIya kA darabArI kavi somadevasuri (925-84) tathA prasiddha kAvya yazasatilaka caMpu ke raciyatA ne rASTrakUToM ke yuga meM rUDhigata aMbikA paMtha kA saMdarbha diyA hai| agara hama, ravikIrti dvArA jikra kie gae kisI bhI sAhitya yA zilpa kI mukhamudrA kA adhyayana kareMge to yaha atyaMta Azcaryajanaka lagatA hai ki nA hI koI pratimA, zilpa yA peMTiMga aura nA hI koI sAhitya, pAya yA saMdarbha karnATaka yA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #159
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 115 dakSiNa meM prApta hai| phira aisA kauna sA strota thA jisa para ravikIrti aMbikA kI ullekhanIya pratimA ko rUpAkAra diyaa| isa para vistAra se carcA kI AvazyakatA hai| aMbikA kI mUrtigata pravRtiyoM kA prastutIkaraNa, chaThI sadI se dhIre dhIre hone vAlA vikAsa hI hai| jo giranAra parvata kI DhalAna para base girinagara kI kahAnI para AdhArita hai| nAgakula ke kavi vimalasUri ne apane mahAkAvya pauma cariu (sI.I 473) meM sihaMvAhiniyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jo saMbhavataH sabase prAcIna strota hai, jahA~ se isa parikalpanA kA uttarottara vikAsa hotA gyaa| jinabhadragaNina kSamAzramaNa apane Atmakathana vizeSavazyakabhASya meM aMbAkuSmAMnDa kA AhvAna karate haiN| carcAdhIna paMtha ke vikAsa se juDe sthAnoM meM (cAhe giranAra se hI utpanna hue haiM) akoTA (vaDodarA, baroDA, gujarAta) meM zilpagata pratimA ko tor3ane meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai| kAMsya pratimAoM ke Dhera meM bIsa se adhika (jo ki chaThI tathA AThavIM sadI kI haiM) pratimAe~ aMbikA kI haiN| aba taka kI vidyamAna aMbikA kI prAcIna pratimAeM chaThI sadI ke madhya tathA uttarArdha kI hai, jisameM svataMtra tathA jina se saMyukta donoM kA samAveza hai aura jo do hAthoMvAlI hai aura ye akoTA (aMkoTaka) kI pratimAe~ haiN| jina se saMyukta pratimAoM meM, aMbikA pahale tIrthaMkara RSabha tathA 23 veM tIrthaMkara 'pArzva kA hI pratinIdhitva karatI haiM nA ki 22veM tIrthaMkara nemI kaa| yaha yahI sUcita karatA hai ki neminAtha kI sevikA kA, devatA ke rUpa meM neminAtha kI pratimA ke sAtha honA paravartI vikAsa hI hai aisA kahA jAtA hai, jo ki sAtavIM sadI ke bAda hI huA hai| tathApi aihoLe tathA akoTA kI pratimAoM meM bahuta kama samAnatAeM haiN| carcita kathA kA ugama aMbikA kA prakaTa rUpa paraMparA meM gaharI jar3eM jamA cukA hai| saurASTra, girinagara nAmaka zaharoM meM (Adhunika junAgaDha) somazarmA apanI patnI agnilA tathA do putroM zubhAMkara tathA prabhAMkara ke sAtha rahA karatA thaa| somazarmA kaTTara jaina brAhmaNa thA aura usane apane kula ke brAhmaNoM ko bhojana ke lie nimaMtrita kiyaa| isa bIca jainamuni varadatta apanA AhAra pAne ke lie cale jA rahA thaa| aganilA ne brAhmaNoM ke lie banavAe pakavAna isa jaina muni ko khilA die| isa para sonazarmA krodhita huA aura usane apanI patnI para kevala gussA hI nahIM kiyA balki use pITA bhii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #160
116 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya Ambika, Museum, Aihole usane aganIlA tathA baccoM ko ghasITa kara ghara se bAhara nikAla diyaa| aganIlA baccoM ko lekara ujjayaMtagirI (giranAra parvata) para AyIM aura varadattamuni se milii| eka sUkhe AmravRkSa ne usake bhUkhe baccoM ko phala diye| idhara aganIlA ke jAne ke bAda camatkAra hone lge| kaiyoM ko khilAne ke bAda bhI aganIlA dvArA banAyA gayA bhojana khatama hI nahIM ho pA rahA thaa| apanI bhUla kA ahasAsa hote hI krodhI somazarmA usako vApasa le jAne ke lie dauDA calA aayaa| aganIlA apane pati kA mAnasa samajha nahIM pAyIM aura dukha aura sadame se For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #161
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 117 mara gayI aura phira usane aMbikA yakSI ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| phira somazarmA kI bhI mRtyu huI aura usane siMha ke rUpa meM janma liyA aura aMbikA kA vAhana bana gyaa| isI prakAra kI samAna ghaTanAe~ paravartI kSatrapa ke yuga meM (prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI) giranAra parvata meM ghaTita haI hogI aura phira aMbikA kI janma kI kathA ko bhI bhinna bhinna AyAma prApta hue hoNge| isa kathA meM aMtarjAtIya vivAha ke bIja haiN| aMbikA kI kathA meM lokabhAva tathA mata matAMtaroM kA saMgama huA hai| yaha devI neminAtha ke jIvana ke sAtha abhinnatA se juDI huI hai| saurASTra ke giranAra parvata se pArzvabhUmi para aMbikA aura neminAtha kI kathA calatI hai aura turaMta hI yaha kathA dUra taka phaila gayI aura sAtavIM sadI meM cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla meM pahu~cakara rAjya kI devI, . parivAra kI devI, sevakavarga kA sthAna prApta kara gii| isa taraha aMbikA kI pratimA tathA usake paMtha kA sAmAjika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika pariveza tathA aitihAsika pariprekSya meM anuzIlana karanA caahie| prAcIna kannaDa kavi ponna (960) ne isa devI kA AhvAna kiyA hai aura aMbikA kI saMpUrNa kathA kA sArAMza eka caraNa meM prastuta kiyA hai| (nAgarAja haMpA- (saMpA.) zAMtipurANaM-1982) ponna ne jaina muni varadatta tathA putra zubhAMkara tathA prabhAMkara ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| urvaratA kA pratinidhitva karane vAlI mAtRdevI aMbikA ( ambA, AmrA bahuputrikA . kuSmAMDiNI bAlA devI) tathA 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI zAsanadevI aMbikA sabase adhika prasanna karanevAlI priya yakSI thii| bhaktagaNa saMtAna prApti ke lie usakI mannata mA~gA karate haiN| do putra tathA AmrakhaMbI urvaratA kA pratIka hai to siMha zakti kA saMketa hai| paravartIkAla meM zakti ko darzAne vAle anya ghaTaka jaise talavAra, ghaMTA, aMkuza, phaMdA tathA vajra taztarI Adi kA samAveza ho gayA jinezvarasuri likhita aMbikAdevIstuti meM (12 vIM sadI) use jagajjanani tathA jagata svAmInI kahakara usakA AhvAna karate haiN| jina kI barAbarI meM hI sAhityika tathA zilpagata DATA donoM aMbikA ke pada ke utthAna kI ora saMketa karatA hai| aMbikA usa yuga meM kAphI lokapriya devI thii| (zAha yU.pI. Iconography of Jaina Goddess Ambika- Journal of University of Bombay- Vol. IX. 1940-41. Pp. 147-69). bhairava padmAvatIkalpa meM aMbikA ko AmrakusmAMDinI ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| AmravRkSa ke sAtha usakA saMbaMdha darzAne ke kAraNa aMbikA ko eka aura upanAma milA Amra, aura vaha mAtRdevI hone ke kAraNa vaha aMbA bhI kahalAtI hai For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #162
118 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya aura usakA vAhana siMha hone ke kAraNa use siMhavAhinI bhI kahA gayA hai| haribhadrasuri (500-640) usakA varNana aMbA kuSmAMDI kahakara pukArate haiN| padmAvatI kI taraha aMbikA bhI vanya-devatA hai, jisakA saMbaMdha AmravRkSa se hai| kiMtu Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki vaha eka mAtra yakSI yA zAsana devatA hai jo vRkSa ke nIce khaDI yA baiThI hai| kyoMki yaha kuSmAMDa varga se hone ke kAraNa tiloyapannatti ke anusAra aMbikA ko kuSmAMDI (kuSmAMDinIdevI) bhI kahA jAtA hai| I. 634 ke aihoLe kI aMbikA kI carcA karate samaya hama bAdAmI kI jaina guphAoM meM sthita isI devI kI prAcIna pratimAoM ke mahatva kI upekSA nahIM kara sakate jo ki saMbhavataH kucha dazaka pUrva kI hogI jo uttarI dIvAra ke maMDapa para tarAzI gayI thii| __ anya 23 yakSiyoM kI taraha aMbikA ko bhI jina neminAtha (22 veM tIrthaMkara) kI bAyIM ora apane do putroM ke sAtha baiThA huA darzAyA gayA hai| sAmAnyataH usake dAhine hAtha meM Ama kA guccha dikhAI gayA hai| aMbikA ko jina para avalaMbita nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| vaha svataMtra haiM yahI usake pada ko unnata karatA hai| isa AkRti kI eka anya vizeSatA yaha hai ki aMbikA svayaM kisI bacce ko uThAe hue nahI haiN| balki do sevikAe~ usakI bagala meM baccoM ko lie hue haiN| aura eka asAmAnya bAta yaha hai ki aMbikA baDI bhavyatA ke sAtha keMdra meM baiThI haiM aura use sevikAoM ne gherA hai tathA unameM se tIna dAhinI ora do aura bAyIM ora eka haiN| isa avadhAraNA se prerita hokara zilpakAroM ne elorA kI guphAoM meM aMbikA ko anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha dikhAyA hai| anya caritragata pravRttiyoM meM eka aura durlabha vizeSatA para dhyAna AkarSita karanA jarUrI hai| devI ne apanA dAhinA paira bAyIM jaMghA ke thoDA Upara lekara sIDhiyoM para apanA paira rakhe hue haiM aura usakA bAyAM paira baDI suMdaratA ke sAtha laTakatA huA dikhAyA gayA hai| aba taka isa para adhika gaura nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| sAmAnyatayA lagabhaga hara pratimA meM deviyoM ko lalitAsana meM dikhAyA gayA hai| lekina niyama ke kucha apavAda bhI milate haiN| maiM yahA~ kucha udAharaNa denA cAhU~gA jahA~ aMbikA ne apanA dAhinA paira bAyIM jaMghA para yA phira sIDhI yA phira nIce kI sIDhI para rakhA hai| 1. nauMvI sadI kI akoTA meM sthita aMbikA kI kAMsya kI pratimA (SI No. 7 p. 46) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #163
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 119 2. gyArahavIM sadI kI zimogA 9karnATaka) meM sthita pratimAe~ (SI.No. 77 p. 130) 3. nauMvI sadI kI akoTA meM sthita do kAMsya kI mUrtiyA~ (SI.No. 9 p. 49) 4. mAUMTa AbU ke lUNa vasahI maMdira ke barAmade kI chata para tarAzI 13 vIM sadI kI pratimA (SI.No. 18 p. 58) 5. karnATaka ke kaMbaMdahaLLi ke paMcakUTa basadI kI svataMtra mUrti (SI.No. 79 p.133) 6. AThavIM sadI kI bhAlki meM sthita svataMtra sthAnAMtarita pratimA (karnATaka) (isa pustaka ke lekhaka dvArA khojI gaI) 7. dilacaspa bAta yaha hai ki jvAlAmAlinI jo kAla aura sthAna ke kramAnusAra aMbikA se saMbaMdhita hai, usakA bAyAM paira nIce kI sIDhI para laTakatA huA dikhAyA gayA hai| jagannAtha sabhA jainaguphA (elorA) ke maMdira ke mukhya dAlAna ke dvAra para hamane aMbikA kI aisI AkRti dekhI, jisameM vaha apanA dAhinA paira moDakara baiThI hai| yaha sArI vibhinnatAoM para vicAra kI AvazyakatA hai| Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki isa pustaka ke lekhaka ne eka aisA udAharaNa bhI pAyA hai jahA~ aMbikA jina kI bagala meM baiThI hai, usakA bAyA paira sIDhiyoM para laTaka rahA hai aura dAhinA paira muDA huA hai| yaha zilpAkRti kaMbadahaLLi ke paMcakUTa ke maMdira ke madhyavartI chata meM banI hai aura madhya meM baiThe neminAtha ke cAroM ora dikpAlaka haiN| zilpa kalAkAroM ko mAnya rIti rivAjoM ko kyoM badalanA paDA yaha eka mahatvapUrNa prazna hai| aihoLe kI aMbikA kI zilpAkRti kI pa ikA (1.22 x 1.52) apratima hai| parivAra meM devI aMbikA kI anuyAyiyoM meM se tIna dAhine ora eka bagala meM tathA do-tIna dAhinI ora usake caraNoM ke pAsa hai| aura ye sabhI khaDI haI choTI choTI deviyA~ hI hai| nIce kI ora baiThI eka sevikA kI AkRti adhikatara TUTI huI hai jabaki dUsarI mahilA kI pratimA dikhAI to paDatI haiM kiMtu usakA mukha bhI kucha TUTa sA gayA hai| dAhine ora ke anuyAyiyoM meM se eka ke hAtha meM kaddu ke AkAra kA phala hai| usakI suMdara AkRti usake dAhine khaMDita paira ke sAtha akhaMDa hai aura usakA muskurAtA caharA usake ullAsa ko hI parAvartita karatA hai| eka aura apsarA jisakA caharA dhuMdhalA sA hai apane svAminI ke bacce ko uThAe hue hai| durbhAgya se bAlaka kA ceharA tathA paira Adi bhagna haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #164
120 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya AmravRkSa ke nIce baiThI suMdara patalI kamaravAlI yuvatiyoM se ghirI aMbikA kI pratimA bhagna hote hue bhI bhavya hai| do hAthoM vAlI dubalI patalI aMbikA kI kamara siMhakaTI jaisI hai| __ vaha eka bhagna bhuvana suMdarI sI lagatI hai| aMbikA ke alaMkAroM kA vivaraNa tathA usakI anuyAyiyoM kA relA eka dUsare se AcchAdita hai| tIna laDiyoM kA kamarabaMda tathA sevikAoM tathA svAminiyoM dvArA pahanA huA mukuTa aura unake hAva bhAva lagabhaga samAna hI haiN| asAmAnya mUrtigata mudrAoM se yaha pratimA advitIya hai| jo ki sAre dakSiNa meM kalA kI paraMparA ko ajJAta thii| hoyasaLa rAjA viSNuvardhana dvArA jArI kie sikke para siMhavAhanI aMbikA kA citra hai| digaMbaroM kI paraMparA meM bhI use kuSmAMDinIdevI ke rUpa meM jAnI jAtI thii| dharaNendra (nAgarAja, phaNipati) dharaNendra tathA padmAvatI, jineMdra pArzva ke sAtha hamezA naz2ara Ate haiN| dharaNeMdra, nAgoM kA rAjA apanI pA~ca yA sAta yA nau phanoM se pArzva ke sira para chatra banAtA hai| to padmAvatI usake Upara chatra pakaDe hue haiN| zvetAMbara paraMparA meM dharaNeMdra kA ullekha yakSa ke rUpa meM huA hai aura jise cAra hAthoM ke sAtha dikhAyA hai| ___ karnATaka ke zilpakalA meM tamiLanADu aura AMdhrapradeza meM bhI dharaNendra eka sarpa ke rUpa meM dikhAyA gayA hai| jahA~ vaha pArzva ke sira para apane phana se chatra banAe huA hai| kucha zilpa adhikatara tamiLanADu kI zilpAkRtiyA~ jaise kaLugumalAi, AnaimalAi tathA peccipallama meM dharaNendra ko mAnavAkAra meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ use apane pada nAgarAja ke anusAra use sarpaphana ke sAtha darzAyA gayA hai| dharaNendra ne apanA dAhinA hAtha tarjanIhasta zailI meM Upara uThAyA hai aura apanA bAyAM hAtha rAjadaMDa para rakhA hai aura tIna siroMvAlA yaha sarpa usake mukuTa kI zobhA baDhAtA hai| dharaNeMdra ko jaba AkramaNa karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai taba use kevala pazu AkRti ke rUpa meM hI dikhAyA gayA hai| . aihoLe kI zilpAkRti ke pArzva meM bAyIM ora prArthanA kI mudrA meM jo AdamI baiThA hai, vidvAnoM ke anusAra vaha purUSa dharaNendra nAgarAja hai| kiMtu phanavAlI puruSAkRti jo padmAvatI ke pIche hai vaha dharaNendra hai| padmAvatI aura pIche vAle vyakti donoM ko For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #165
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 121 eka hI phana meM dikhAyA gayA hai aura jisa prakAra ye donoM eka dUsare se lagakara khaDe haiM usase yahI lagatA hai ki ye donoM pati-patnI hai| . ___ bAyIM ora se maMDarAkara AnevAlI pratimAoM ke hAtha meM eka bahuta bar3A phUla haiM jo jina para pheMkanA cAhatI hai tathA vaha pratimAe~ jo hAtha joDakara baiThI haiM ina AkRtiyoM kI samAnatA para manana karate samaya hameM yahI lagatA hai ki ve eka hI vyakti kA pratinidhitva kara rahI hai| rAjamukuTa tathA bAjubaMda ke alAvA bAyeM kaMdhe se dAyIM ora jAnevAlA muktAmaNi kA yajJopavIta donoM pratimAoM kI ghaniSTha samAnatA ko hI darzAtA hai| yaha samAnatA unakI pahacAna ko darzAne ke lie hI hai| ataH prArthanA kI mudrA meM baiThA purUSa kamaTha hai| ___ pArzva aura (dharaNendra) apane phana para camakate maNivAle nAgarAja kA saMbaMdha kI prAcInatA mahAkavi vimalasUri ke nAgendrakula (CE.473) meM pAyI jAtI hai| pAsaM uraga mahAphaNi-maNisu pajjaliyama (vimalasUriH prAkRta paumacariya) (1.6) kramAnusAra tathA sAmAnya zabdoM meM samantabhadradeva (550-600) prasiddha stutikAra ne catuviMzati jina kI prArthanA svayaMbhU strotra meM dharaNendra ke prakaTIkaraNa kI spaSTa carcA kI hai| - nAgachatra eka pratIka hai aura arhata. pArzva tathA usake pUrvajoM ke sAtha nAgajAtI ke saMbaMdha kA sUcaka hai| devajAtI ke nAgakumAroM ke svAmI dharaNeMdra kA ullekha AgamoM meM hai, jisakI racanA pahalI tathA cauthI sadI ke madhya kI gayI thii| isI prakAra upasarga kA saMdarbha tathA dharaNeMdra ke tathA pArzva kA aMtaHsaMbaMdha pahalI bAra mathurA ke pArzva kI pratimA meM pahale milA thA jo ki dUsarI tathA tIsarI sadI kI hai| jabaki kamaThavadha kA pratIka paravartI hai aura yaha vizvAsa cauthI sadI ke bAda hI prAraMbha huA thaa| isa saMbaMdha meM, aihoLe tathA bAdAmI kI guphAoM kI pArzva tathA upasarga ke zilpoM ke sAtha mahattara aitihAsika mahatva juDA hai kAraNa ve prAcIna vidyamAna namUne haiN| zilpakAroM kI sAmagrI kA strota saMbhavataH yativRSabha (550) kI kRti tiloyapaNNati (triloka- prajJApati) hogii| jaise dhanasenAcArya ne vismRta me jAnevAle SaTkhaMDAgama ko lipibaddha kraayaa| usIprakAra yati vRSabhAcArya ne trilokasAra ko lipibaddha kiyA aura jaina paraMparA ko anusAra cAra anuyogoM meM prathamAnayoga ko vizeSa mahatva diyaa| isa kAraNa se yakSa- yakSiyoM ka paraMparA sAhitya meM prApta huii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #166
122 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya amoghavarSa nRpatuMga (814-80) ke dharmaguru vidvAna AcArya jinasena pArvAbhyudaya likhane se pUrva nizcita hI aihoLe tathA bAdAmI kI guphAoM ko bheMTa dI hogii| pArvAbhyudaya maMdAkrAMtA chaMda meM likhA gayA eka vizeSa kAvya hai| isa kAvya ke prasiddha pArzvasaMbara-dharaNeMdra kathA ko baDe hI suMdara tathA tIvratA ke sAtha citrita kiyA gayA hai| dharaNendra, pAtAla kA rAjA, kamaTha dvArA utpanna ApadAoM kA nAza karane vAlA lokapriya zAsana devatA haiN| usake anya nAma bhI hai jaise phaNapati, phaNirAjA nAgarAja, nAgendra tathA dhrnnendr| nAgarAja kA zilpa usa yuga ke jainetara paraMparA meM Ama thA / bAdAmI ke jaMbuliMgezvara maMdira meM gUr3hamaMDapa (nave, rAmatalavitAna) I. sa. 699 meM nAgarAja kA eka bahuta baDA tathA suMdara zilpa hai| dharaNeMdra, dharaNendra kA saMkSipta nAma hai| purUSa aura striyoM kA bhI dharaNendra para nAma rakhA gayA hai| nAgoM ke pramukha dhAraNa, pRthvI se nikalakara gahare dhyAnadhAraNA meM baiThe arhata pArzva ke Upara apanA vizAla phana phailAyA hai| unakI pramukha rAnI padmAvatI bhI sahajatA se dhyAna dhAraNA meM lIna jina kI rakSA ke lie ratnajaTita chatra lekara khar3I ho gayI hai| samarpaNa kI yaha nikhAlisa kriyA vibhinna zilpoM meM abhivyakti pA gayI hai| - karnATaka meM prApta dharaNeMdra ke kaI zilpoM tathA zilpAkRtiyoM meM bastihaLLi (haLebiDu) ke pArzva maMdira ke madhyavartI chata kI zilpAkRti tathA hombuja tathA zravaNabeLagoLa ke suMdara akkana basadI (Nagarajaiah, Hampa: Akkana Basadi:20001.2) ke garbhagRha meM prasthApita dharaNeMdra kI pratimA (3-6 phITa) ullekhanIya hai| godAvarI jile kI dhyAna mudrA meM kamala meM baiThI arhata pArzva kI advitIya pratimA jisake Upara sAta phanoMvAle chatra kI pratimA cainne ke sarakArI saMgrahAlaya meM hai| jisameM na cAmaradhArI hai nA hI paMkhevAle devadUta hai| balki padmAvatI aura dharaNendra hI jina-pArzva ke cAmara jhalA rahI haiN| isa zilpAkRti meM dharaNendra tathA padmAvatI ko mAnavAkAra rUpa meM dikhAyA hai jo pArzva ko cAmara jhalA rahe haiN| donoM ko mAtra eka phana meM dikhAyA gayA hai| aura donoM ke hAtha jina siMhAsana ke pIche vAle daMDa para Tike hue haiN| jvAlAmAlinI aura zyAma aMbikA ke samAna, aihoLe jvAlAmAlinI tathA zyAma kI pratimAe~, jo aihoLe ke AThaveM tIrthaMkara ko caMdraprabha ke strI tathA purUSa sevaka ke rUpa meM haiM, bhArata meM apane kisma kI prAcIna vidyamAna pratimAe~ haiN| jvAlA kI sthAnAMtarita cAra phuTa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #167
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 123 vAlI UMcI pratimA aihoLe jaina basadi ke sAmane sthita virupAkSa devAlaya ( gaurIguDI) ke sukhanAsI meM prasthApita hai, use gaurI (pArvatI) kI pratimA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jAhira hai ki yakSI jvAlamAlinI kI jaina pratimA saMbhavataH madhyakAlIna jinAlaya se nikAlI gayI aura gaurIguDI meM use prasthApita kiyA gyaa| jvAlAmAlinI devI upanAma agnivAhinI devI, AThaveM tIrthaMkara caMdraprabha kI zAsanadevI ko prAyaH usakI chAtI se uThatI huI jvAlA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| yakSa bhadrAsana para eka chatrI ke nIce tathA cApa ke AkAravAlI pratimA ke nIce baiThA haiN| vaha ardhaparyaMkAsana meM baiThA hai| usane yajJopavita, ratnahAra, kaMThI, pAyala, kuMDala, skaMdha kavaca tathA kaMgana pahane hue haiN| usake kuMDala. kaMThI, skaMdha-kavaca Adi tathA bAjUbaMda kI nakkAzI tathA kalAkArI yakSI ke alaMkAroM se milatI hai| kiMtu yakSa ke gale kA yajJopavita adhika sajA-dhajA hai jabaki kaMkana tatha pAyala yakSI kI tulanA meM sAdhAraNa se hai| yakSa kA zaMkhAkAra kirITa jina ke putale kI apekSA yakSI kA hI smaraNa dilAtA hai jo ki sAmane se eka bar3e tamage ke samAna lagatI hai| donoM pratimAoM kI kalAkArI meM kucha bhinnatAe~ haiN| atyaMta zAlInatA se baiThI yuvatI kI deha tathA AlathI pAlathI mArakara baiThe purUSa kI sudRDha deha meM eka prAkRtika bhinnatA hai| yakSa ke pITha se hokara usake dAhine paira taka yogapaTTa hai| aura haMsa usake tIna staroM vAlA bhadrAsana vahana karatA hai| usake cAra hAtha hai . aura yakSI kI tulanA meM alaga alaga sthAnoM para hai| usake UparavAle dAhine hAtha meM parazu aura bAyeM hAtha meM kaza hai aura zeSa do hAthoM meM se dAhine hAtha meM padma aura bAyA hAtha abhaya mudrA meM yA phira usameM phala hai| jo ki aba bhagna hai| usake sira ke pIche prabhAmaMDala hai| usakI adhamUdIM A~kheM, tarAze hue adhara, tathA gAloM ke pAsa kI rekhAeM jvAlAmAlIni yakSI jaisI hI hai| jvAlAmAlinI ke hI samAna hI zyAma yakSa sAtavIM sadI kI svataMtra pratimA isa deza ke prAcIna kiMtu vidyamAna zilpa hai| yaha yakSa hameM virupAkSa maMdira ke yakSI kI yAda dilAtA hai| ina donoM pratimAoM meM chatra padmAsana, prabhAmaMDala kI samAnatAe~ prApta hotI hai| isake alaMkAra bhI bAdAmI kI cAra naMbara kI guphA meM pAye jAne vAle choTe yakSoM kI yAda dilAte hai| yogapaTTa tathA anya AlaMkArika vivaraNa yaha udghATita karate haiM ki ye zilpa kisI eka hI zAkhA ke zilpakAroM se banAe gae haiM, saMbhavataH eka hI kAla ke haiN| pahalI samAnatA hameM pratimA kI pahacAna meM sahAyatA detI hai, to dUsarI tithi ko samajhane meM madada karatI haiN| (zeTTara 1996) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #168
124 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya jvAlAmAlinI devI pro. esa zeTTara ne jvAlAmAlinI kI pratimA kI pramukha pratimAgata pravRttiyoM kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai| vaha bhadrAsana meM baiThI haiN| usakA bAyAM hAtha nIce apane vAhana para sthira hai| usake pArzva meM eka pASANa kI meharAba hai to usake sira ke Upara ekchtr| vaha pUrNarUpeNa alaMkAroM se susajjita hai| usake gale meM eka hAra hai, jo ratnajar3ita hai, jise kaMThI kahA jAtA hai aura usake chAtI kA AbhUSaNa hai, vaikakSaka jisameM maMgala phalaka hai| usakI deha para eka paTTa hai jo yajJopavIta kI taraha hai| usane ratna kuMDala bhI pahane hue haiM, to sAtha meM nUpura tathA kaMgana bhI hai| kamarabaMda jisake kaI sAre padaka usakI mRdula jAMgho para laTake hue haiN| usake sira ke pIche eka prabhAmaMDala hai| usane karaMDa-mukuTa pahana rakhA haiN| jisake madhya meM Asanastha jina kI pratimA hai| usa mukuTa se dUsarI ora jvAlAe~ parAvartita ho rahI haiN| usake keza usake kaMdhoM para phaile hai| usane bAjUbaMda bhI pahane hue haiN| - usake ATha hAtha hai, usakA bAyAM paira tathA usakA vAhana TUTA huA hai aura bAkI saba ThIka ThAka hai| isa devI ke dAhine vAle cAra hAthoM meM bANa, trizUla, cakra, tathA khaDga hai to bAyeM vAle cAra hAthoM meM dhanuSya, kaza tathA zaMkha hai aura eka hAtha usakI jaMghA para hai to dUsare hAtha meM koI phala hai| jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai devI kA vAhana sivAya usake do siMgoM tathA pU~cha ke alAvA saba kucha naSTaprAya hai, jisase isa bAta kA patA to calatA hai ki yaha vAhana yA to bhaiMsA ho yA bailA __yakSI kI deha ekadama samAnupAtika, dhIra, gaMbhIra tathA usakI banAvaTa ekadama vaiziSTpUrNa hai| usake gola tathA kaThina vakSoM para yajJopavIta hai| ratnajaTita mAlA vaikakSaka jo vakSoM ko ubhAra dete haiM aura padaka jo usake donoM vakSoM ke madhya se gujaratA hai aura madhyapaTa para sthira hotA hai jo bahuta prabhAvazAlI lagatA hai jise bahuta hI salIke se tarAzA gayA hai| usakI kamara patalI hai, aura lacIle peTa tathA lacilI racanA saba milakara usake bhArI vakSoM ko AdhAra pradAna karate haiM, usake kaI hAtha tathA zaMkhAkAra mukuTa hai / yaha pratimA ekadama suMdara tathA meguDI maMdira kI aMbikA kI pratimA ke barAbara hai, jise jaina dharma kI sevArtha isa jagaha ke zilpakAra ne tarAzA thaa| usake mukha para taTasthatA aura zAMti hai| yaha bhAva usakI adhamUMdI A~khoM tathA acche se tarAze adharoM se abhivyakta hote haiN| usakI laMbI tathA komala uMgaliyA~ bhArI tathA teja astra pakaDe hue haiM jaise ki devatA apane cehare para apanI zakti ko dhAraNa kara letI hai| usake mukuTa se teja jvAlAe~ uTha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #169
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 125 rahI haiN| samatala pASANa devI ke zarIra tathA hAthoM evaM AbhUSaNoM tathA anya bAtoM ko acchI taraha se tarAzane meM madada karatA hai| tIrthaMkara kI eka choTI-sI pratimA devI ke mukuTa para milatI hai jo yaha sAbita karatA hai ki vaha kisI eka tIrthaMkara kI zAsana devatA hai| isa yakSI ke anya lakSaNa hameM usako pahacAnane meM madada karate haiN| usake tIna lakSaNa ekadama ubharakara Ate haiN| usake mukuTa ke eka tarapha se jvAlae~ uThatI haiN| digaMbara jaina paMtha ke sAhityAnusAra devI yakSI ke ATha hAthoM ke anya vastue~ tathA usakA vAhana saMbhavataH bhaiMsa, jo sabhI jvAlAmAlinI se juDe lakSaNa haiM, jo ki caMdraprabhA tIrthaMkara kI yakSI thii| zilpagata vaiziSTya tathA jvAlAmalini tathA zyAma kI zilpAkRtiyoM kI vistAra se carcA karate hue zeTTara ne unako pUrvI cAlukyoM ke kAla kI mAnA hai, yakSa (zyAma) tathA yakSI (jvAlA) ke zilpa cAlukya yuga ke haiN| yakSI ke zilpa kA lacIlApana tathA usakI nAjUka deha hameM meguDI maMdira meM sthita aMbikA kI pratimA kI yAda dilAtA haiN| AbhuSaNoM kA ucita upayoga, usake gola vakSa, patalI kamara Adi isa kalA kI khAsa vizeSatA hai| ina pratimAoM ke gola kaMgana tathA pAyala una zilpAkRtiyoM ke samAna haiM jo ki lADa-khAna ke stambhoM meM khudavAyIM gaI haiN| yakSI kA yajJopavita bhI nau naMbara ke maMdira kI chata para pAye jAne vAlI brahmA kI pratimA ke samAna hai| lekina isase bhI adhika sAmya hameM yakSoM kI pratimAoM meM prApta hotA hai khAsakara Asana, yogapaTTa, tathA bAdAmI kI guphAoM ke aMtarAloM meM pAye jAne vAle yakSoM ke laghuzilpoM meM yaha sAmya vizeSakara dRSTigocara hotA hai| ye sAra-tathya yahI siddha karate haiM ki yaha do zilpa pUrvI cAlukya kAla ke zilpakAroM ke haiN| ho sakatA hai ki ve guphAoM tathA meguDI maMdiroM se kucha dazakoM ke bAda ke ho kiMtu ve AThavIM sadI ke bAda kI nahIM ho sktii| (zeTTara 320) jvAlA ubhare hue stambhAdhAra para lagabhaga aMbikA kI pratimA ke samAna apanA bAyAM paira laTakAe baiThI haiN| kiMtu usane apanA dAhinA paira stambhAdhAra para rakhA hai aMbikA kI taraha unhoMne use sIdhI nahIM rakhA hai| khaira, laTakatA huA paira tatkAlIna zilpa zailI rahI hogii| padmAvatIdevI eka anya zAsana devI padmAvatI devI ke zilpa kA vicAra anya samAna zilpoM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #170
126 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya ke prakAza meM karanA caahie| cAlukya yuga ke zilpakAroM ne apane viSaya-vastu ko utkRSTa samAnupAtikatA tathA lAlitya pradarzita karane meM vijaya pAyI haiN| una zilpoM kA lacIlApana itanA suMdara hai ki ve pUrI racanA ko eka saMgItAtmakatA pradAna karatA hai| pArzva mUlanAyaka kA zilpa jo bahuta hI suMdaratA ke sAtha khaDA kiyA gayA haiM usameM eka taraha kI sAdagI tathA cArUtA naz2ara tI hai| ataH yaha upalabdhi prazaMsA se bhI pare hai| ___aMbikA kI pratiSThA ke samAnAMtara anya do zAsana devatA padmAvatI tathA jvAlAmAlinI ko bhI ucca pada para Asanastha kiyA gyaa| isa kAla meM unhoMne logoM se prazaMsA arjita kii| padmAvatI kA yaha mahatva guMr3anApura (banavAsI) meM hAla meM kie gae utkhanana zilpAkRtiyoM tathA pratimAoM meM pratibiMbita hotA hai| jainetara sAhitya meM devI padmA (padminI) se saba paricita haiN| padmAvatI yaha nAma bhI bilkula jaina nAma hai| pAraMparika sAhitya meM vaha advitIya sthAna grahaNa karatI padmAvatI paMtha kI vizada tathA aitihAsika rUpa se carcA karate samaya pI. bI.desAI likhate haiM ki, 'kahAnI ke anusAra, zrI veMkaTeza, tirUpati ke devatA, ne padmAvatI se vivAha kiyaa| jisakA varNana bhavizyoMttara tathA skandhapurANa meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha bhI dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki devatAoM ke vaMza brAhmaNa paraMparA meM bhI padmAvatI kA ullekha nahIM hai| ataH yaha kahanA atarkapurNa nahIM hogA ki jaina devatA padmAvatI ne brAhmaNi dharma ke netAoM ko apane kAbU meM Ane ko kiyaa|' (desAI pI. bI 195772) padmAvatI sAMtaroM, gaMgo tathA AdikadaMboM kA iSTadevI thI jo samRddhi, saMpannatA tathA kalyANakArI devI ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA thaa| abhiSTa vara pradAyInI kahakara usakA varNana kiyA jAtA thaa| koNNUra ke madhyakAlIna purAlekha aihoLe ke vyApAriyoM kA varNana isa prakAra karate haiM, satya rAdheyasa zaucaM gAMgeyasa tathA 'zrI padmAvatI devI varaprasAdasa / disacaspa bAta yaha hai ki aihoLe kA vyApArI varga padmAvatI ko apanI ISTadevatA mAnate haiM na ki aMbikA ko|' 'aparAjita pRcchA' meM padmAvatI devI ko 'kukkuTasarpA' kahA gayA hai| rUpamaMDana usakA paricaya 'kukkuToragastA' se karate haiN| acArAdinakara meM use kukkuTasarpa para baiThI devI kahA gayA haiN| trizaSTi-zalAkA-puruSa-carita meM kukkuTasarpa ko usakA vAhana batAte haiN| anya jagahoM para use kukkuTasarpa tathA nAga usake panAvita ke cihna ke rUpa meM svIkAre gae haiN| dhyAna meM rakhane kI bAta yaha hai ki hombuja kSetra ke For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #171
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 127 pArzva ke zilpa kA kukkuTasarpa kA cIla apratima hai aura saMbhavataH apanI taraha kA eka mAtra udAharaNa hai|' (nAgarAjayyA, haMpa : jina pArzva maMdira: 1990:50). bAdAmI tathA aihoLe kI guphAoM meM padmAvatI ko jina pArzva ke dAhine bAju meM chatra pakaDe hue dikhAe jAne kI prathA, ko bAda meM saMbhavataH nikAla diyA gayA ho kyoMki use jina kI bAyIM tarapha dikhAyA jAne lgaa| padmAvatI athavA anya nAgArAniyA~ ko, Adhe manuSya tathA Adhe sarpa ke zarIra meM citrita karane kI paddhati, cAlukyoM se calatI AyI hai| prinsa oNpha velsa ke myujiyama (muMbaI) meM pArzva, kI kAMsya pratimA kI bagala meM (8vIM sadI) dharaNeMdra tathA padmAvatI ko artha manuSya tathA ardha sarpa zarIra meM hAtha joDe dikhAyA gayA hai| ___ kaI bAra prArthanA maMdiro ke purAtatvIya lakSaNa hamezA vizvAsoM ke anusAra nahIM jAte, kiMtu kAla tathA jisa pradeza meM vaha maMdira banAyA gayA hai, ke anusAra hote haiN| ___ purAtatvIya sAkSya yaha batAte haiM ki chaThI sadI ke prAraMbha se padmAvatI dRzyamAna hone lgii| karnATaka meM sabase prAcIna jJAta pradarzana aihoLe tathA bAdAmI kI gaphAoM meM prApta hote haiM kiMtu donoM zilpa zilpAkRtiyA~ haiN| tathApi zilpAkRtiyoM kI mudrAe~ tathA bhaMgimAoM kI abhijAta cArutA ko paravartI Ane vAle zilpakAroM tathA citrakAroM ko cunaa| to bhI padmAvatI kI svataMtra pratimAe~ isa kAla meM vidyamAna nahIM - hai, sivA guMDApura kI chinna bhinna mukhavAle zilpa / itanA kahanA ThIka hogA ki zilpa meM atyaMta salIkevAra zilpagata tatva lAe gae haiN| karnATaka tathA dakSiNa meM padmAvatI paMtha kI vRddhi ke srota ina guphAoM ke zilpoM meM haiN| padmAvatI ko pArzva ke dAhine pakSa meM dikhAyA gayA hai| kiMtu zAsanadeviyA~ jo ki jina ke dAhine bagala meM dikhAyA gayA vaha Ama nahIM hai| isa pustaka ke lekhaka ne I. 1999 meM muLaguMda jina maMdira meM I.sa. 902 kA eka advitIya zilpa khojaa| yaha lAlityapUrNa zilpa atyaMta suMdaratA se tarAzA gayA hai| jise pIche kI ora saMskRta purAlekha hai| saMkSepa meM, donoM tarapha se yaha zilpa atisuMdara hai| eka ora, ekadama prAraMbha meM, purAlekha kI zuruvAta meM, zilpa ke UparI bhAga meM, caityAlaya paMtha kA zilpa hai| cAra khaMbhoM ke aMdara tIna kakSa hai| dAhinI tarapha gAya aura bachaDe kI zilpAkRti hai, madhya bhAga meM pITha para padmAsana meM baiThe jina kI zilpAkRti hai, jisake Upara trichatra tathA cAmaradhArI haiN| tathA bAyIM tarapha AmravRkSa ke nIce aMbikA lalitAsana mudrA meM baiThI haiM, jisane apane dAhine hAtha meM Ama kA phala pakaDe rakhA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #172
128 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya hai to bAyA hAtha varadahasta hai| siMha, usakA vAhana, usake caraNoM meM hai, aura usake putra usakI bAyIM tarapha dikhAyI paDate haiN| (nAgarAjayya haMpa.: 2000:243) yaha ullekhanIya hai ki yahI eka mAtra pASANa hai jahA~ aMbikA tathA padmAvatI eka dusare ke pIche dikhAyI detI haiN| arthAt pASANa ke eka tarapha padmAvatI to dUsarI tarapha aMbikA hai| vidyamAna jaina zilpoM meM RSabha tIrthaMkara kA zilpa, jo ardha padmAsana meM dhyAna meM lIna hai aura lalitAsana meM baiThI padmAvatI kA zilpa, ullekhanIya hai, jo hAla hI meM guMDanApura ke utkhanana meM pAye ge| AdinAtha (RSabha) jina kI pratimA sAmAnya zabdoM meM cAlukya yuga kI svataMtra pratimAoM meM pahalI svataMtra zilpa pratimA hai, jise maMgaLezvara ne banavAyA thaa| adhikatara kalAtmaka pradarzana meM isa pratimA kI koI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa| kaMdho taka phaile dhuMgharAle keza, dIrgha kAna, dhyAnamagna A~kheM, nAbhI, laMbI tIkSNa nAka, adharoM para sthira smita, vizAla chAtI, gola ceharA, dRDha tathA mahApurUSoM ke lakSaNoM se yukta sthira zarIra yaha pratimA ekadama utkRSTa banI hai| AdinAtha kI yaha pratimA, jisameM AdhyAtmika gaMdha bharI hai, mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM maMdira meM pratiSThApita kI gaI hai| AdinAtha tIrthaMkara kI dhyAnamagna sira, zarIra ke sAtha sAnupAtika tathA sAmaMjasyapUrNa hai| kula vajana kA sahI rUpa meM saamNjsy| yaha cAlukya zilpakalA kA suMdara udAharaNa hai| yaha pratimA bahuta hI kuzalatA se banAI gaI hai| isa prakAra isa atyata suMdara zilpa kI aitihAsika vizeSatA ko kisI atizayokti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| - padmAvatI kI bhagna pratimA ke bAre meM agara kahanA ho to usakI prAcInatA ke bAre meM vizvasanIya jAnakArI kA abhAva hai| padmAvatI kA zilpa tatkAlIna zAsanadevatA ke zilpoM se kaI bAtoM meM sAmya rakhatA hai| lalitAsana meM baiThI, tathA dhanuSyAkAra parikaroM ke phrema meM z2aDI huI padmAvatI kI pratimA ratnajaTita kaMThahAra, kuMDala, skaMdhAbhUSaNa tathA mukuTa Adi se suzobhita hai| usake pIche jo eka prabhAmaMDala hai usakI kinAroM meM ratna jar3e haiM, yaha eka durlabha lakSaNa hai| eka mur3A huA rassI jaisA moTA dhAgA jo ki usake vakSoM ke bIca se hokara usakI jaMghAoM taka jAtA hai, vaha eka prakAra kA AbhUSaNa hI hogaa| isa devatA ne apane dAhine hAtha meM aMkuza dhAraNa kiyA hai| stambhAdhAra, prabhAvalaya Adi naSTaprAya hai to mukha tathA anya cIjeM virUpita ho gaI haiN| lalitAsana meM baiThI devatA kA bAyAM paira stambhAdhAra para nIce kI ora hai| isa kAla ke tIna yakSIyoM meM yaha eka durlabha bAta hai| zailIgata For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #173
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 129 AdhAra para padmAvatI kI yaha pratimA AThavIM sadI ke madhya kI hogii| kramAnusAra yaha zilpa jvAlAmAlinI tathA aMbikA kA samakAlIna zilpa ho sakatA hai| vidyamAna padmAvatI kI pratimA yaha nizcita karatI hai ki padmAlaya, jisakA ullekha kadaMbapurAlekha meM huA hai, jaina devatA kA maMdira thaa| / pratyeka rAjA kA jIvana tathA vyaktitva jaina dharma ke prasAra ke lie samarpita thaa| kaI mahAna kRtiyA~ tatkAlIna jaina dharma kA mahatva samajhAtI haiN| zrIvatsa ke pratIka vAlI tIrthaMkaroM kI sthAnAMtarita tIna vaiziSTyapUrNa pratimAeM jinheM mahApurUSa ke lakSaNa ke rUpa meM vizeSa rUpa se vizAla chAtI para tarAzA gayA hai| AThavIM sadI kI haiM pratimAeM vizAla rAjya ke kone kone meM jaina dharma kA prabhAva kisa prakAra vyApta thA ise batAne ke lie hI jaise surakSita rahI aura ve pratimAeM haiM.... 1. kaLLavappu kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM jina kA pratimA aba beMgaLUru ke sarakArI vastusaMgrahAlaya meM hai| dakSiNa karnATaka meM zrIvatsa kA yaha eka ullekhanIya tathA durlabha udAharaNa hai| jabaki tamilanADu meM yaha purNataH ullekha nahIM huA ho aisA nahIM hai| yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI hogI ki yaha pratimA zrIvatya cihna ke thoDe se Upara kI ora bhagna huI hai| aura bar3A sA sira bAda meM joDA gayA hai tAki pratimA kI suMdaratA banI rhe| * 2. guMTUra jile ke bApaTaLA kI kAyotsarga mudrAvAlI tIrthaMkara kI pratimA haidarAbAda ke satusaMgrahAlaya meM maujuda hai| . 3.. dhyAnamudrA meM baiThe tIrthaMkara kI pratimA bhAlakI zahara ke dakSiNa pazcimI bhAga ke mAruti ka (hanumAna jagata) ke pAsa hai| vizAla chAtI para kA cihna yaha artha detA hai ki ucca jJAna jina ke hRdaya se prApta hotA hai| kucha mathurA se lAye gae AyAgapaTa, zraddhAMjali kI silliyoM para zrIvatsa kA cihna hai| yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki aise cihna bhArata ke bauddha tathA jaina dharma sameta hara dharma meM, samAna rUpa se milate haiN| sIla- muhara uttara bhArata meM dUsarI sadI (kuzANoM kA kAla) se pramukhataH prApta hote haiN| dakSiNa ke digaMbaroM meM yaha paraMparA itanI lokapriya nahIM huii| bhAlki - eka prAcIna sthAna bhAlki meM sthita Asanastha jina kI pratimA (1.24 mITara laMbI tathA 0.85 cauDI) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #174
130 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya acche se paoNliza kI gaI hai kiMtu bahuta adhika bhagna hai| kiMtu dilacaspa bAta yaha hai ki eka dUsare ke Upara dhyAna mudrA meM rakhe hAtha abhI bhI surakSita hai| dAhinI hathelI para kamala kA phUla dikhAyA gayA hai| mAtra muDe hue paira bhagna nahIM hue haiN| laMbA mukha tathA ardhanimilita netra yahI darzAte haiM ki jina gahana tapasyA meM lIna hai| bhauMhe, sira ke dhuMgharAle bAla, patalI kamara, vizAla chAtI Adi bahuta hI karIne se darzAe gae haiN| yaha pratimA vidyamAna jina maMdiroM ke mUlanAyaka kI rahI hogii| ukta pratimA vAtApI cAlukyoM ke kAla meM banavAyI gaI hogii| ___ kAyotsarga mudrA meM sthita jina. kI dUsarI pratimA (56 seM. mI. laMbI tathA 42 seM mI. cauDI) sira rahita hai aura usake avazeSa tathA bhagna sira nahIM hai| sira ke alAvA siMhAsana se yukta pratimA surakSita hai jo mahAvIra ko pahacAna detI hai| mahAvIra ke sAtha nIce cAmaradhArI haiM jo aksara jinazAsanadevatA yA yakSa tathA yakSI ko samarpita hote haiN| zailIgata taura para yaha pratimA rASTrakUToM ke kAla lagabhaga AThavIM sadI kI hai| ___ bhAlakI se prApta aMbikA kI tIsarI pratimA, jisakA mukha thoDA sA dAhine ora jhukA hai, eka advitIya pratimA hai jise eka acche tathA vizeSa upacAra kI AvazyakatA hai| isa pratimA kA sabase baDA lakSaNa usakA vaiziSTyapUrNa tathA durlabha honA hai| isake zilpagata lakSaNoM para vicAra karanA jarUrI hai| do hAthoMvAlI cAra phUTa laMbI tathA do phUTa cauDI aMbikA kI ha~satI huI pratimA kI bagala meM do paricAraka haiM, jo makarapaTTI para virAjamAna haiM, aura aMbikA bhadra pITha para virAjamAna haiN| usake dAhine hAtha meM AmrakhaMbI hai aura bAyeM hAtha meM phala hai| usakA putra zubhAMkara usakI bAyIM aura nagnAvasthA meM hai to dAhini ora prabhAMkara siMha para savAra hai, jise stambhAdhAra ke kone meM darzAyA gayA hai| siMha para savAra aMbikA ko jalatI A~khoM tathA bAhara laTakatI jIbha meM dikhAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra aMbikA, racanAtmaka tathA pAraMparika likhita Adeza ke sAtha sAmaMjasya karatI hai / (infra) ___ "Asanastha jina kI laghu zilpAkRti atyaMta nAjuka tathA karIne se sajAe hue karnADa mukuTa ke madhya pratiSThApita kI gaI hai| aMbikA kaMThahAra, stanahAra yA suvarNa vaikakSaka, vakSoM ke madhya meM muktAhAra, gale meM maMgalamAlA, ratnajaDita mekhalA, bAjubaMda, karNakuMDala, nupUra, kAlakaDaga, aMguThiyA~, cuDiyA~, Adi ratnoMvAle AbhuSaNoM se suzobhita hai| puSTa vakSa, patalI kamara devatA kI bhavyatA ko aura adhika baDhAte haiN| usakA laMbe pavitra mukha para AnaMdamayatA chAyI hai| usakI laMbI tathA suMdara nAka TUTI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #175
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 131 sI hai| usakI vizAla A~kheM, dhanuSyAkAra bhauheM, mRdu kapola, suMdara-sA jabaDA, tathA komala adhara Adi suMdaratA se tarAze gae haiN|" (nAgarAjjaya haMpa 2004-54-55) "aMbikA ke mukuTa ke madhya choTe AkAra ke jina kI Asanastha pratimA ke alAvA eka aura thoDe se bar3e AkAra vAle padmAsana vAle jina kI pratimA aMbikA ke sira ke Upara chatra ke samAna phaile, AmravRkSa kI zAkhAoM meM pratiSThApita hai, jo baDA hI manamohita karane vAlA dRzya hai| madhya meM baiThA jina arhata pArzva hai hAlA~ki usake sira ke Upara kA sarpa chatra dhuMdhalA hai| gaMdharva, nagADe vAle tathA Amra kI zAkhAoM ko bahuta kaThinAI se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| uparyukta vivaraNa devagaDha meM sthita aMbikA kI pratimA ke sAtha thoDI bahuta milatI julatI hai, yaha isa bAta ko darzAtA hai ki jo devatA AmravRkSa ke nIce baiThI hai usane parama devatA ke pada ko prApta kiyA hai aura usane jina zAsana devatA ke pada ko prApta kiyA hai|" (supra) yakSa?yakSI kA pariharoM ke rUpa meM tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha saMbaMdha kI pahala tathA pracalana carcAdhIna kAla meM huaa| jina zAsanadevatA kI pratimAoM ko samarpita karane kI prathA kI pahala isa yuga ke daurAna hI prAraMbha huI aihoLe bAdAmI tathA paTTadakalla jina vAstukalA ke sA~ce ke rUpa meM badalA jahA~ se aura bhI adhika pragatizIla banAvaToM kI zurUvAta haI cAlukya jina dharma ke hitaiSI the aura isa yuga kI kaI suMdara jaina pratimAe~ tathA zilpa isakI sAkSya hai| * vistAra se tarAze tathA kATe gavAkSa meM eka pattoM se alaMkRta baunI sI prtimaa| * kathAvastu kA suMdaratA ke sAtha varNana saMbhavataH bahuta hI acchA hai| * pArzva tathA bAhubali kI prAcIna paraMparA tathA viSayavastu kA atyaMta sazakta rUpa se darzAyA gayA hai| * cAlukyoM ke sabase mahatvapUrNa tathA dilacaspa zilpa tathA nakkAzI yakSoM, aMbikA, jvAlA, zyAma, sarvAhna, dharaNeMdra tathA padmAvatI ke hai| nizaMkataH isa kAla ke zreSTha zilpa jaina guphAoM ke haiN| vizeSakara aihoLe kI guphAe~ itanI vizAla haiM ki anya tIna kI kalAtmakatA tathA suMdaratA se spardhA karatI sI naz2ara AtI haiN| * darabArI kavi ravikIrti kI iSTadevatA aMbikA kI pratimA bhArata kI sabase suMdara pratimAoM meM se eka hai, jisakI utkRSTa kArigirI ke lie cAlukya zilpakAroM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #176
132 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya kI prazaMsA karanI caahie| bhale hI thoDI kiMtu kAphI bhagna tathA virupita hai, kiMtu phira bhI isa pratimA ke utkRSTa sauMdarya kA koI sAnI nahIM hai| jo sone meM tolane yogya hai| / aihoLe kI jaina guphAoM kI chata para jo zilpagata racanA hai vaha prAcIna AyAgapaTa (bhaktiphalaka) kA hI vistAra hai| yaha zilApaTa mathurA ke kaMkali TIle se lAyA gayA jo ki kuzANoM ke yuga kA hai jisa para maccha tathA svastika ke maMgala cihna bhI haiN| uttara, pUrva, tathA dakSiNa bhArata meM hamezA pArzva ko sAta phanoM vAle sarpachatra meM dikhAyA gayA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM, vizeSakara karnATaka tathA tamilanADu meM pArzva kI zilpAkRtiyA~ tathA svataMtra pratimAe~ pA~ca phanoM vAle chatra meM dikhAI paDatI haiN| * zravaNa belagola ke bhaMDAra basadI meM pratiSThApita 24veM tIrthaMkaroM kI paMkti meM supArzvanAtha ko svastrika tathA pA~ca phanoM vAle chatra meM darzAyA gayA hai| * guMDaDanApura ke utkhanana meM pAyI, chaThI sadI ke uttarArdha kI RSabha kI pratimA - eka zreSTha evaM advitIya pratimA hai, jisakI koI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #177
adhyAya ATha 500 zilA nirmita jinamaMdira ToTUREDERAR cAlukyoM ke uttarAdhikArI AdikadaMboM tathA pUrvI gaMgo ke kAla meM cAhe lagabhaga pacAsa maMdira banavAe gae the phira bhI patthara se maMdiroM ko banavAne kI kalA abhI bhI vikasita tathA sthiratA kI dahalIja para thii| pUrNavikasita maMdira zilpa ko pUrNa karane kI kuzalatA kA vaiziSTya, jise bAra bAra toDA aura banavAyA gayA, pUrvI cAlukyoM ko jAtA hai| __ meguDI ke jinendra bhavana ko sabase prAcIna vidyamAna zilpagata maMdira kahA jAtA hai| (635) rAjya ke anya sthAnoM meM isase bhI pUrva kI bastiyA~ haiN| inameM puligere kI zaMkha jinAlaya tathA parulUru kA zAMtizvara caitAlaya vizeSa prasiddha hai| kramAnusAra zAMtizvara caitAlaya zaMkhabasadI ke kAphI naz2adika ho sakatA thaa| hAla hI meM paTTadakalla meM kie gae utkhanana meM eka aura cAlukya maMdira prakAza meM AyA hai, jo eka jinAlaya hai, jisakA samaya I. sa. 550 hai| __ AdikadaMboM ne kaI jaina maMdiroM kA nirmANa kiyA aura unhoM acchI taraha se vaibhavasaMpanna bhI bnaayaa| kiMtu, 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM se RSabha ke nAma kA ullekha rAjA kAkusthavarma ko choDakara anya kisI bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #178
134 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya AdikadaMboM ke rAjAoM ne vizeSarUpa se nahIM kiyA hai| bAdAmI cAlukyoM kA hI vaha yuga thA jahA~ se arhata mahAvIra, pArzva tathA bAhubali ke zilpa yA to zilpAkRtiyoM meM yA phira svataMtra zilpoM meM pAye gae, jo maMdiroM ke garbhagRhoM meM pratiSThita kie gae the| ukta yuga meM jahA~ taka rASTrakUToM tathA cAlukyoM kA tAllukha hai, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki maMdira zilpakalA ko nirUpita karane meM inakI saMracanAgata paraMparA kI sahabhAgitA rahI hogii| maMdira nirmANa kI kalA ko bAda meM kAphI protsAhana milA aura kaI jagahoM para jaina maMdira nirmita hone lge| cAlukya dhArmika kalA ke pramukha saMrakSaka the| karnATaka meM pUrNa vikasita jaina kalA tathA zilpakalA ke darzana isI meM hote haiN| vaibhavasampanna tathA apratima jinAlayoM kA nirmANa huA tathA jinoM kI A~kha bharane vAlI pratimAe~ tathA anya adhinastha devatAoM kI pratimAeM tarAzI gii| kucha mahatvapUrNa jaina maMdiroM para vistRta carcA kI AvazyakatA hai| ___ sAtavIM sadI se ADUra eka prasiddha tathA mahatvapUrNa jaina saMsthApana ke rUpa meM phUlA phlaa| ADUra isa zabda kI vyutpatti usake prAcIna nAma pAMDiyUra se huI hai, jisakA eka anya nAma gAMgI pAMDiyUra bhI thaa| bhASAyI parivartana ke kAraNa 'pa' kA 'ha' huA aura 'pAMDiyUra', 'hADiyUra' banA aura bAda meM hADiyUra' kA 'ADUra' huaa| ADUra meM sthita do jaina maMdira, eka jo zahara meM banavAyA gayA aura dUsarA, jo gA~va ke bAhara, donoM kIrtivarma dvitIya ke zAsanakAla ke haiN| ADUra (750) kA juDA hue zilApaTTa para AThavIM sadI ke do abhilekha haiM jo jinAlaya tathA dAnazAlA ke kabAre meM batAte haiN| dharmagAmuMDa ne usakI surakSA tathA vRddhi ke lie paccIsa nivaratna kI z2amIna dAna meM de dI thii| zilAlekha ne paralUru gaNa ke vaMza tathA cediyA pramukha ke tIna nAmoM ko upalabdha karAyA hai| vinayanaMdI, grAma pramukha dharmagAmuMDa ke kAla meM ADUra tathA paralUru kSetra kA dharmaguru thaa| ravizakti ne apane adhipati maMgaleza (tasyAnuzAsanena) ke kahane para sAmaMtoM ke adhikAra meM rahane vAle kiruva kere grAma meM svAmI zAMtinAtha ko pacAsa nivartana kI upajAu jamIna dAna meM dI thii| paralUru saMgha ke zrInaMdI ke ziSya abhayanaMdI ne yaha dAna grahaNa kiyA thaa| __ zAMtivarma ke putra mRgezavarmA (455-80) ke kAryakAla ke tIsare varSa (458) ke devagiri zilAlekhapara bRhata paralUru ke jinAlaya kI marammata tathA pUjA-prArthanA hetu For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #179
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 135 jamIna dAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai sAtha hI arhata kI pratimA ko phUloM se AbhuSita karane ke lie bhI z2amIna dAna dene kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa dAna meM cAlIsa nivartana kI kAlI mATI kI jamIna, cAra nivartana kI kheta tathA jinAlaya ke bAhara eka nivaratna jamIna kA ullekha darja hai| yaha zilAlekhaeka pavitra bhojaka dAmakIrti dvArA likhA gayA hai| paralUru saMgha ke sAtha jo bRhata vizeSaNa joDA gayA hai vaha yahI darzAtA hai ki usa samaya isa sthAna ko bahutAdhika mahAnatA prApta thii| unake uttarAdhikArI hone ke kAraNa cAlukya ne prerita hokara paraluru saMgha ko niraMtara dAna denA jArI rkhaa| paraluru saMgha kI yaha bhavya saMsthApanA rAjadhAnI bAdAmI se kAphI dUra nahIM hai| ___ zrIpAla ne apane dAdA dharma gAmuMDa se banavAye jineMdra bhavana ke parisara meM hI zilApaTTa kA abhiSeka kiyA thaa| ADUra ke paralUru caityAlaya ke pramukha adhikArI prabhAcaMdra gurAvara dAnI the| isa jagaha kA prAcIna nAma gAgI pAMDiyUra thaa| siMdarasa kA ADUra para zAsana thaa| grAmAdhikAriyoM tathA zeriphoM ne ATha ekaDa kheta jamIna dAna meM dI thii| caityAlaya ke pramukha prabhAcaMdra ko gurAvara kahA jAtA thaa| jaina AcAryoM ko aksara RSi, zramaNa, yA savaNa kahA jAtA thA, kiMtu kabhI kabhI gorava zabda ko bhI nAmoM ke sAtha joDa diyA jAtA thA, jaise monigorava, jo monibhaTTAra ke samAna hI rahatA thaa| vidyAnaMda, vAsudevaguru tathA prabhAcaMdraparaluru gaNagraNI the| vinayanaMdi ne tIrthaMkara ke prathama muni iMdrabhUti kI taraha hI svayaM ko bnaayaa| usakA ziSya vAsudevanaMdI dharmapitA banA ora apane agAdha jJAna ke bala para zikSakoM kA zikSaka ke rUpa meM AcaraNa karane lgaa| muni vAsudeva kA ziSya prabhAcaMdra-gurAvara paraluru cediyA kA uttarAdhikArI bnaa| dharmaguru prabhAcaMdra, vinayanaMdi kA praziSya, ko rAja-pujitA banane kA sammAna milA, tadanusAra usa samaya kA zAsaka rAjA kIrtivarma dvitIya thaa| prabhAcaMdra kA aMtevAsI ziSya zrIpAla, jo ki dharmagAmuMDa kA prapautra thA, sthAnIya netAoM se milakara, kAgAlUru ke pazcima kI ATha ekaDa kheta jamIna (TaiMka ke nIce kI jamIna), jineMdra bhavana kI pUjA prArthanA hetu dAna meM dI thii| prabhAcaMdra isa dAna ke grAhI the| AThavIM sadI ke rikArDa vardhamAna kA AhvAna karate haiM, saMbhava hai ki dharmagAmuMDa dvArA banavAyA gayA maMdira mahAvIra vardhamAna ko samarpita kiyA gayA ho, to isa Aloka meM, mahAvIra kA jinAlaya sabase prAcIna maMdira prApta hone kA vizeSa zreya ADUra ko jAtA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #180
136 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya hAla hI meM, jainoM se saMbadhita sAta purAlekha ema. bI. neginahALa dvArA khoje gae, jo dubArA isa bAta kI puSTi karate haiM ki sAtavIM sadI se lekara 14 vIM sadI taka ADUra para jainoM kA vizeSa prabhAva rahA hai| dharmagAmuMDa ke vaMza ke ballagAkuMDa, vikramagAvUDa, kezavagAmuMDa, hariyamagAmuMDa Adi ne ADUra meM jainadharma kA dIpa niraMtara jalAe rakhane kA kAma kiyA hai| isI taraha zrInaMdI bhaTTAraka, mAdhavacaMdradeva, kumArasena muni ne muniparaMparA kI akhaMDa zrRMkhalA bnaayii| bAra bAra AnevAle ye purAlekhiya sAkSya ADUra meM jaina AzramoM ke astitva para jora dete haiN| aihoLe-zilpakAroM kA svarga dvibhUja aMbikA, aSTabhuja jvAlAmAlinI tathA caturbhuja zyAmayakSa kI svataMtra prAcIna vidyamAna pratimAeM aihoLe kI zilpakalA ke ullekhanIya udAharaNa haiN| . pramukha vyaktiyoM meM jinhoMne cAlukya zAsanakAla kI bhavya divyatA kI vRddhi kI hai una kuzala zilpakAroM kA vizeSa ullekha karanA bahuta jarUrI hai| isa yuga ke kucha utkRSTa tathA pratibhAzAlI zilpakAra jinhoMne amulya smArakoM kA nirmANa kiyA aura ina suMdara zaharoM meM svarga tathA dharatI kA mAnoM saMgama hI karA diyaa| . aihoLe, bAdAmI, tathA paTTadakalla yaha tIna zahara cAlukya zilpakalA kI zailI ke udAharaNa bana gae aura mAno aihoLe jaise maMdiroM kI alaukika rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM hI khilaa| vidyamAna maMdiroM ne tIna saMkhyA se bhI adhika kara diyA hai| yaha kalA tathA zilpakalA meM ucca zikSA kA keMdra bnaa| isa keMdra meM gaMdharva kalA, zilpa kalA tathA. isI taraha ke anya kalAoM kA adhyApana kiyA jAtA thaa| purAlekhoM meM zilpakalA ke pratibhAzAlI AcAryoM kA ullekha pramukha rUpa se huA hai| zilpakAra anivRtAcArI guMDa ko kalA tathA zilpakalA ke saMgha dvArA tribhuvanAcArI ke biruda se sammAnita kiyA gayA thaa| __ sarvasiddhI AcArya, jo saMbhavataH apane kAla kA mahatvapUrNa kalAkAra thA, kA vizeSa ullekha bahuta Avazyaka hai| paTTadakala ke bhavya maMdira lokezvara tathA trilokezvara kA vaha pramukha zilpakAra thaa| purAlekhoM ne usake dvArA banavAye advitIya zaharoM tathA sthAnoM kI racanA karane tathA siMhAsana Adi banavAne ke lie sAtha hI rAjAoM ke zAhI pharnIcara Adi banavAne kI khAtira prazaMsA kI hai| AcArya sarvasiddhI ko 'rUpa vAstu pitAmaha', vAstu prAsAdayAna azana zayana maNimukuTa ratna cuDAmaNi kI upAdhi se sammAnita kiyA gayA thaa| unake kaI ziSya bahuta hI pravINa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #181
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 137 tathA pratibhAzAlI the aura unako bhI guphAlekhoM rikArDoM meM sthAna pAne kA sammAna milA hai| unake ziSya revaDI vajjara ko teMkaNa dizeya sUtradhArI upAdhi se gauravAnvita kiyA gayA thaa| kalA kA jJAna AnuvaMzika thaa| zivavadhana mAna, zivA tathA zubhadeva, pitA putra tathA prapautra jAne mAne nakkAzIkAra the| baladeva, Arya, pullappana nirmANadevana, Aryamici upAdhyAya, ereMDara gaNaca, doNasAmI, ayyasAmI, kalkuTTe tathA koTTamaMci Adi prasiddha zilpakAra the| narasobba, apane yuga kA eka anya sammAnita chainikAra (zilpakAra) jisakI sAre bhAratakhaMDa-jaMbudvIpa meM koI barAbarI nahIM kara sakatA thaa| cAlukya sAmrAjya kalAkAroM, nartakoM tathA saMgItakAroM ke lie bhUsvarga siddha huaa| acalA kI garjanA , eka advitIya kalAkAra tathA nartaka ne anya kalAkAroM ke garva ko cUra kara diyaa| isa yuga ke sarjanAtmaka kalAkAroM kA yahI vaiziSTaya thaa| isI yuga meM / cAlukya zailI tathA zilpakalA kA udbhava huaa| __ aihoLe jaina AbAdI kA eka pramukha vyApArI zahara ke rUpa meM camakane lgaa| ravikIrti ne jaina bhavana banavAne ke lie yahI kSetra kyoM cunA kyoMki vaha isI pradeza kA nivAsI thaa| ravikIrti dvArA banavAye gaye isa maMdira ke pUrvI dIvAra para likhI gaI gayI prazasti tathA zilApaTa para likhA gayA saMskRta kA prasiddha pada arthapUrNa tathA pratIkAtmaka hai| aihoLe tathA bAdAmI guphAoM meM pArzva tathA bAhubali kI pavitra tathA prabhAvI kathA ke pahala ke sAtha hI eka nayI zurUvAta huI aura dakSiNa meM eka nayI lokapriya saMracanA kI pravezikA bnii| yaha mAtra cAra divAroM meM hI calI nahIM balki usane chalA~ga lgaaii| karnATaka meM hallura ke pArzvanAtha ke maMdira kI bAharI dIvAroM para yaha kathA doharAI gaI hai| yaha sthAna bhaugolika athavA sAmAnya rUpa se hI kyoM na ho aihoLe se kAphI dUra nahIM hai| yaha bhI jJAta kara liyA gayA hai ki jaina muniyoM ke saMgha kA anuyAyI paralUru gaNa haLLUra se saMbaMdhita hai| . guphAoM ke vaiziSTya kA sAra nimnalikhita hai 1. aihoLe tathA bAdAmI kI guphAe~ kathA, zailI tathA utkhanana ke kAla meM eka dUsare se bahuta milatI julatI hai| pArzva tathA bAhubali kI cAra zilpAkRtiyA~, (kramazaH aihoLe tathA bAdAmI meM do) ekadama se pahacAnI jAtI haiM aura ve For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #182
138 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya zailIgata samAnatA lie hue haiN| hAlA~ki sUkSma nirIkSaNa ke bAda kalAtmaka pradarzana meM choTI bhinnatAe~ naz2ara AtI haiN| 2. aihoLe meM sthita bAhubali kI zilpAkRti 1.78 mI. laMbI hai to bAdAmI kI zilpAkRti 2.30 mI. laMbI hai| sauMdarya kI dRSTi se agara kahanA ho to bAdAmI ke guphA meM sthita zilpAkRti nizcita hI adhika suMdara hai tathA laMbI bhI hai| 3. jina pArzva kA zilpa tarAzanevAle prathama kalAkAra vAtApI kA hai| 4. jAhira hai ki jina kI zilpAkRtiyA~, pratimAeM tathA zilpa pRthaka tathA acala haiN| kiMtu pArzva, bAhubali, zAsanadevatA, iMdra tathA unake parivAra isake apavAda 5. pArzva kI dRDhatA tathA bAhubali kI sthiratA ekadama vizuddha hai| zAMta rasa ko cArUtA se darzAyA gayA hai| 6. jaina guphAoM meM bAhubali kI zilpAkRti bahuta prAcIna hai| hAlA~ki AzramoM tathA maMdiroM evaM parvata ke U~ce zikhara para kI bAhubali kaI vidyamAna pratimAe~ paravartI haiN| cAlukya zilpa kA aitihAsika, pratimAgata tathA sauMdarya se paripUrNa ___ lAvaNya abhI naSTa nahIM huA hai| bAdAmI kI jaina guphAoM meM sthita mahAvIra ke eka vizAla ubhaDe zilpa meM mahAvIra kI zAsana devatA cAra hAthoM vAlI siddhAyikA para bhI dhyAna denA jarUrI hai| jisake UparavAle dAhine hAtha meM aMkuza hai jisakA hatthA thoDA sA TUTA sA hai, aura bAyeM hAtha meM pAza hai| nIce ke dAhine hAtha ko abhaya mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai to bAyeM hAtha meM mAtuluMga (sItAphala jaisA) phala hai| yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki devatA kA vAhana jo ki Asana ke nIce tarAzA gayA hai spaSTa nahIM hai| hAlA~ki isako pahacAnanA kaThina hai phira bhI eca. DI. saMkAliyA kA mAnanA hai ki yaha vAhana haMsa kA hai| kiMtu jaina paraMparA tathA zilpa kalA ke anusAra siddhAyikA devatA siMhAsanavAsinI hai| (nAgarAjjayya haMpa-yakSa-yakSIyA~-1976-142) isa zilpa kI mahatvapUrNa vizeSatAe~ do haiM, eka usake hAtha meM pustaka kA nA honA tathA usako do hAthoM kI badale cAra hAthoMvAlI dikhAnA, yaha bhinnatA lagabhaga sAtavIM sadI ke prAraMbha huI hai| - yU.pI zAha ne bahuta hI sahI nirIkSaNa kiyA hai, unake anusAra, yaha ThA~cA upalabdha digaMbara pAya meM ajJAta hai, kiMtu guphA ke saMbhAvita yuga ko dekhane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki karnATaka meM yaha eka nayI khoyI jaina paraMparA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| isa guphA kI yaha tathA anya zilpAkRtiyA~ jaina guphAoM se kucha paravartI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #183
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 139 zilpAkRtiyA~ lagatI haiN| Apako isa bAta kA bhI smaraNa hogA ki kannaDabhASA ke anusAra dhyAna-zloka haMsa ko do hAthoM vAlI siddhAyikA kA vAhana mAnatA hai| haMsa kA vAhana devI sarasvatI kI yAda dilAtA hai aura zvetAMbara tathA digaMbara donoM paMthoM meM siMhavAsinI devI siddhAyikA ko sarasvatI devI se jur3e do yA adhika pratIkoM se saMbaMdhita dikhAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra vasunaMdI tathA AzAdhara ke anusAra pustaka yA zvetAMbara paraMparA meM vINA tathA digaMbara paraMparA meM malAdevI kA maMdira ke ThA~ce kA vicAra bhI jarUrI hai| siMha bhI sarasvatI kA vAhana hai jo brAhmaNI paraMparA meM vAgdevI hai| siddhAyikA kA vAhana siMha kA honA saMbhavataH mahAvIra ke cihna siMha Isa se prabhAvita rahA hogA, kiMtu anya kisI tIrthaMkara kI yakSIniyoM ke sAtha aisA nahIM thaa| (zAha yU.pI. jaina rUpa maMDana 1987 : 287) siddhAyikA kI zilpAkRti zilpa sAtavIM sadI kA na hokara AThavIM sadI ke prAraMbhika dazakoM kA rahA hogaa| caraMtImaTha athavA juDavA jaina maMdira kalyANa cAlukya zAsanakAla ke jamaparayyA tathA jatiyakkA ke putra kezavayyA zaTi ne banavAyA thaa| haLLUrU jinAlaya ke samAna hI seTTavva jinAlaya rASTrakUToM ke prAraMbhika kAla meM banavAyA gayA thaa| seTTagevvA. basadI ke pAsa eka aura ekadama sAmAnya sA jinAlaya dasavIM sadI ke prAraMbha kA zilpa hai| ataH ye maMdira jo jainoM se jur3e haiM unakI carcA isa pustaka meM nahIM kI gaI hai| meguDI ko muLavaLLi, gaMgAvUra, maccanUra tathA veLamaLaTikavADA grAma tathA aihoLe ke pAsa kI jamIna dAna meM dI gaI thii| meguDI zabda kI vyutpatti usake do maMjilA saMracanA tathA usake bhaugolikatA para AdhArita hai| kAraNa yaha Upara kI ora uThe maidAnI bhAga para hone ke kAraNa tathA vaha do maMjilA maMdira hone se loga use meguDI kahate haiM, arthAt parvata para maMdira tathA aisA maMdira jisake nIce eka anya maMdira kA honA hai| kannaDa zabda meguDI mela tathA guDI ke yoga se banA hai| mela kA artha hai Upara tathA guDI kA artha hai maMdira / ataH melaguDI kA saMkSipta rUpa meguDI hai| tathApi kavi ravikirtI ne apane purAlekha meM isa maMdira ko jineMdra bhavana ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA hai| jineMdra bhavana (meguDI) uttarIya sAMdAra athavA bhramaMtikA, jineMdra bhavana samAnyataH meguDI ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, jo aihoLe ke zikhara para I 635 meM vidvAna kavi ravikirtI ke dvArA banavAyA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #184
140 | agafat per aigret algjort ++N Megudi section (courtesy : Michell) Megudi Adhisthana, Aihole For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #185
agafat per archit alcat | 141 TEN ... L. Plan of Jinendra Bhavana, Aihole Elevation of Jinendra Bhavana, Aihole (courtesy : Michell) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #186
142 agar en aigut llock Sankha Basadi, Wall, exterior, Puligere Sankha Basadi, Wall, exterior, Puligere For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #187
de are fer algut aliace 143 Jinendra Bhavana, view from east, Aihole (courtesy : EITA, AIIS) ANG 13 m For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #188
144 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya gayA thaa| yaha apane yuga kA zilA maMdira thaa| isakA aitihAsika mahatva isalie bhI hai ki yahI eka mAtra pahalA maMdira hai jisapara usake banavAne kI tithi tathA banavAne vAle kA nAma (ravikIrti) darja hai| sAmAnyataH yaha aisA pahalA maMdira hai jo draviDa zailI kI zilpakalA meM banavAyA gayA thaa| anya maMdira jaise lAr3akhAM, huccappaguDI, durgAguDI Adi eka hI kAla ke maMdira haiN| jaina maMdiroM kI zilpakalA kA adhyayana usake bAhya vivaraNa tathA advitIya AMtarika ghaTakoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai| jinAlayoM kA bAhya pakSa tulanAtmaka rUpa se sapATa tathA sAdA hotA hai| jinabhavana sAdagI kA pratirUpa hote haiN| ataH ukta maMdira ke daravAje kI caukhaTa ekadama sAdI hai| agra dAlAna kI hastihastA sIDhi ardhamaMDapa kI ora jAtI haiM jo vimAna ke zilpa se susajjita hai| ardhamaMDapa ke pA~ca dvAra, cAra stambha tathA usakI taraMga poTikAe~ garbhagRha kI caukhaTa, adaMra tathA bAhara kI dIvAreM sabhI nitAMta sAdI tathA sAmAnya haiN| isa prakAra maMdira meM garbhagRha, bhramaMtikA mArga; sukhanAsI, ardhamaMDapa, tathA khaMbhoM se banA barAmadA hai| khAlI dAlAna haiM, pradakSiNA patha meM prakAza jAla-gavAkSoM (patthara meM khudavAI salAkhoM kI banI khiDakiyA~) se AtA hai| sAMdaroM kA yaha vizAla jinabhavana pahADa ke sabase bar3e zikhara para banavAyA gyaa| kapotabaMdha varga ke adhisthAna kI gaharI vizAla caTTAnoM para yakSoM kI vividha mudrAoM meM jaise vAdya bajAtI yakSoM kI apratima pratimAeM khudavAI gaI haiM jisakI vizeSa dakhala lenI Avazyaka hai| .. vikramAditya prathama ke zAsanakAla ke aMtima varSoM meM maMdira kA vistAra karate samaya ardhamaMDapa kA vistAra kiyA gayA aura sAmanevAlA dAlAna bhI banavAyA gyaa| isI daurAna garbhagaha ke Upara garbhagaha banavAyA gyaa| ataH parama garbhagRha kI parikalpanA paravartI thI tathA paravartI parivardhana thaa| isI prakAra parikramA patha bhI bAda meM choTI choTI koThariyoM meM badala diyA gayA, saMbhavataH cAturmAsa ke daurAna dharmaguruoM ke vAsa ke lie aisA kiyA gayA ho| Adhe dAlAna kI pUrvI dIvAra para ravikIrti kA eka laMbA saMskRta bhASA meM likhA purAlekha hai jo jineMdrabhavana ko alaukika banA detA hai| vizeSataH vaha purAlekha dArzanika tathA dhArmika siddhAntoM ko nahIM balki kavi ke rAjanItika citra tathA sAMskRtika uddezya ko hI parAvartita karatA hai| isa maMdira ke pramukha devatA ko pahacAnA nahIM jA sakatA kAraNa ravikirti ne mAtra jineMdra bhavana kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| ravikIrti ne isa maMdira ke lie anya do nAmoM kA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #189
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 145 prayoga kiyA hai eka jinavezma tathA vasati tathA vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM trijagaguroH' pada kA prayoga jina ke lie kiyA hai| ___ meguDI ke maMdira meM aMbikA kI pratimA kA honA isa ora saMketa nahIM karatA ki ukta maMdira neminAtha ko samarpita kiyA gayA thaa| ____ dvAra ke UparI hisse kI caukhaTa ke madhya meM kAyotsarga mudrA athavA samabhaMga mudrA meM banI jina kI pratimA yA zilpa Amataura para lalATabiMba ke rUpa meM citrita hai| durbhAgya se daravAje kI caukhaTa para banI kuladevatAe~ tathA pramukha devatA mUla nAyaka kI pratimAe~ bhagna haiN| saubhAgya se aMbikA kI pratimA hAlA~ki thoDI bhagna hai kiMtu surakSita hai| jisa pratimA kI pahale sukhanAsI kahakara prazaMsA kI gaI thI aura jo parama zilpa ke pAsa thI vaha aba aihoLe ke myujiyama ke maMdira ke pAsa rakhI gaI hai| UparI maMdira kI chata aba gAyaba hai| pUrvI cAlukyoM kI sabase acchI jaina pratimAoM ke namUne meguDI maMdira ke garbhagRha meM pratiSThApita thI jo gravAdiyoM ke hAthoM meM nahIM pddii| Aja unakA kevala prAraMbhika AkAra hI upalabdha hai| saMbhavataH yaha pratimA tathA yakSa jo kabhI sukhanAsI meM khaDe the, jo bAda meM dhArmika AMdolanoM ke zikAra bana ge| yakSoM kI pratimAe~ kahIM bhI kisI pahADI para nahIM hai jabaki jina kI pratimAoM ko isa prakAra naSTa kiyA gayA hai ki unako pahacAna pAnA bhI aba saMbhava nahIM hai| aMbikA kA yakSIvAlA zilpa bhI bhagna hai| tIrthaMkara kI bhagnaprAya pratimA yaha batAtI hai ki vaha mukkoDe ke nIce mUlataH siMhapITha para virAjamAna hai aura usake siMhAsana ke pIche cAmaradhArI haiN| jisake pIche takie para leTakara ArAma karatA huA dikhAyA gayA hai| siMhAsana kI durlabha caukhaTa para makara tathA siMha ke sira haiN| mukkoDe kA nAza karanA, jina ke laMbe kAna, caraNa jo Asana kI ora saMketa karate haiM, tathA jina kI mudrA kA naSTa honA yahI siddha karatA hai ki pratispardhI dhArmika-dala kA mukhya lakSya ina pratimAgata pramukha vaiziSTyapUrNa sthAnoM para AkramaNa karanA thaa| (rAjazekhara esa: 1985:193) yaha smaraNa karanA hogA ki jaba taka ki jineMdrabhavana banavAyA gayA tabataka aihoLe (580) tathA bAdAmI (595) kI jaina guphAoM kA utkhanana tathA puligere ke zaMkhajinAlaya tathA paralUra ke zAMtizvara jinagRha kA nirmANa pUrNa ho cukA thaa| jAhira hai ki ravikIrti ne ina prAraMbhika prArthanAgRhoM ko dekhA hogaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #190
146 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya jineMdrAlaya ke lie ravikIrti dvArA likhita asAdhAraNa zilAlekha darzaka dIrghA ke bAharI dIvAra ke dAhine ora lagAe gae haiN| eka ke Upara eka maMjilavAle maMdira kI parikalpanA kA yaha pahalA ekamAtra maMdira hai jisase paravartI kAla meM isa prakAra ke zilpakalA kI zailI meM bane maMdira nirmANa kI zuruvAta huii| do maMjiloM vAle maMdira kI saraMcanA ko prAthamikatA denA uttara madhyakAla taka calatA rhaa| itanA hI nahIM jina maMdira zilpoM meM Upara vAlA maMdira banavAnA jaise eka Ama bAta ho gii| se igevva basadI (aihoLe), paTTadakalla hasadI, tathA hallura kA pArzva jinAlaya rASTrakUToM ke prAraMbhika yuga ke ina tInoM maMdiroM meM Upara maMdira banAne kI zailI ko thoDI sI bhinnatA ke sAtha apanAyA gayA, jaise ardhmNddp| cAlukyoM ke sAMskRtika vaibhava tathA zilpakalAgata upalabdhi kA sarvaprathama udAharaNa meguDI hai| pradakSiNA patha kI parikalpanA jaina zilpakalA meM uttara madhyakAla meM samA gyii| cAlukyoM ke yuga kA lekhaka jo eka mahAna sAhityakAra tathA upadezaka jaTAsiMhanaMdI ke varAMga carita meM isakA ullekha hai| __ meguDI usake zilpagata vaiziSTya se adhika usakI prAcInatA ke kAraNa prabhAvazAlI banatA hai| hAlA~ki yaha maMdira racanA meM ekadama sAmAnya hai kiMtu isakA mahatva saMracanAtmaka vAstukalA ke vikAsa meM usakI aitihAsika bhUmikA ke kAraNa hai| isakI kaI vizeSatAe~ haiM jo nimnalikhita haiN| 1. prAkRtika ramaNiyatA se paripUrNa. 2. prAcIna cAlakya yuga kA ekamAtra tithiyukta maMdira 3. prAcInatama jinAlaya jisameM zAsanadevatA kI svataMtra pratimA pratiSThApita hai| 4. pahalA vidyamAna maMdira jisa para eka aura maMdira hai| 5. sabase pahalA maMdira jisameM garbhagRha, pradakSiNA patha, sukhAnAsI tathA ardhamaMDapa, khaboM se yukta dAlIna tathA UparI maMdira hai| 6. sabase pahalA maMdira jise eka darabArI kavi ne bnvaayaa| 7. . dakSiNa kA pahalA maMdira jisameM aMbikA kI prAcIna pratimA pratiSThApita hai| sabase bar3A vaiziSTya yAni usake maMdira kI dIvAra para bane ku stambha tathA Ale jo pahale yahA~ se zuru hue phira jina kI nakala lADakhAna tathA jaMbuliMga maMdira meM kI gii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #191
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 147 paramAra rAjA ke kavi dhanapAla ne prathama tIrthaMkara ke samarpita jaina maMdiroM kA varNana kiyA hai| __ekakaMga (pUrva himAlaya kA pahADI bhAga) kI pahADI para divyarAma ke madhya meM bane jinendra bhavana cAra devatAgAra gopura dvAroM tathA prAkAra pratolikoM se ghirA hai tathA pazcimI dIvAra para eka saMgamaramara kI zilA lagAI gaI hai jisapara eka prazasti khudavAI gaI hai| (ghanapAla-tilakamaMjirI dvitIya saMskaraNa) kucha aise vivaraNa ravikIrti ke jinendra bhavana para lAgU hote haiN| ___ yaha jineMdrabhavana ravikIrti tathA zilpakAra kI sauMdaryadRSTi ko acchI taraha se pratibiMbita karatA hai| maMDapa sAmane vAle dAlAna taka jAne vAlI eka tarapha kI dIvAra, khaMbhoM vAlA prazasta kakSAsana vAlA dAlAna sAmane vAlI sIDhiyA~ nizcita hI bAda meM banavAI gaI haiN| kaI sAre purAlekha aise haiM jo jaina jAti ke vistAra tathA vikAsa, pracura sahAyatA tathA nidhiyoM kI sAkSya dete haiN| jineMdra bhavana ke nirmANa ke bAda jaina utsava tathA sAMskRtika gatividhiyA~ ko isa yuga meM adhika protsAhana milaa| IsA pUrva yuga ke jaina avazeSoM se kopaNanagara paripUrNa hai, jo isa yuga kA jaina prabhAva kA sabase zaktizAlI jaina sthAna thaa| sAtavIM tathA AThavIM sadI meM yaha jainamuniyoM kA Azraya sthAna thA aura isa sthAna ke purAlekhoM para jaina saMta jaise sarvanaMdI, tathA jaTAsiMganaMdi AcAryoM kA ullekha huA hai jinakA koppaLa meM dehAMta huA thaa| sthAnIya paraMparA meM koppaLa basatiyoM ke lie jAnA jAtA hai jahA~ kabhI kama se kama 772 basadiyA~ prApta huI thI aura isa sthAna ke AsapAsa pracura mAtrA meM isakI sAkSya ke avazeSa bhI prApta haiN| isa prakAra ADUra ke pAsa puligere, palasige ke pAsa okkuMDa, aihoLe ke pAsa kisuvoLAla athavA paTTadakala tathA kopaNanagara athavA koppaLa jo kavirAjamArga meM tirula gannaDa pradeza kI sImA ke rUpa meM varNita haiM, jo jainoM tathA jaina saMskRti ke keMdra the, jahA~ jaina kaviyoM tathA dArzanikoM ke dvArA kannaDa bhASA kA poSaNa eka sAhityika abhijAta bhASA ke rUpa meM kiyaa| (K1: VOL.1. No.3. Intro) purAlekha meM gaDi kezavAra (gulabargA jilA ciMcoLi tAlUkA) kA ullekha kezavapura ke nAma se hai jo ki eka anya pramukha keMdra tathA sAMskRtika gatividhiyoM kA keMdra thA jo jaina jAti ke sAtha calatA hai| hAlA~ki vidyamAna jaina purAlekhiya sAkSya madhyakAla se milate haiM, gyArahavIM sadI kA apane vistAra tathA punarnavIkaraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #192
148 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya se yukta pUrvamukhI jaina maMdira, makAna, jina kI sabase prAcIna pratimA jo ki bAdAmI rAjA ke zAsanakAla kI ho sakatI hai| __ tIna prAcIna jaina maMdiroM meM eka jo gA~va dakSiNa bhAga ke chora para kumhAroM kI galI meM hai, jo ki sabase vaiziSTyapUrNa hai| sthAnIya loga isa maMdira ko kaMcugArasa basadI ke rUpa meM jAnate haiN| jAhira hai yaha maMdira vyApArI varga ne banavAyA thaa| dAhine daravAje ke dvAra ke uparI bhAga para eka purAlekha hai jisameM likhA hai ki masaNayyA ne jaina pArzva maMdira banavAyA thaa| mAghanaMdiyapi ke eka sAmAnya ziSya matiseTi ne isa maMdira ko madhyakAla meM phira se banavAyA thA / (infra) pUrva dizonmUkhavAle pattharoM meM banavAye khaMDita jina pArzva maMdira meM garbhagRha, khulA dAlAna, kakSAsanavAlA praveza dAlAna hai| isakA adhisthAna kapoTabaMdha varga kA hai| navaraMga ke cAra stambha pUrvI rASTrakUTa kAla ke haiN| pA~cavA stambha bhI jo bAyIM ora ke do khaMbhoM ke madhya khar3A hai aura eka TUTA huA khaMbha usako AdhAra dene ke lie usake Upara rakhA gayA hai, vaha saba nauvIM sadI kI zailI kA hai| (nAgarAjayya, haMpa 2000 :248). bAdAmI kI jainaguphA ke aMdara Asanastha yakSa sarvAhna kA zilpa dakSiNa kA sabase prAcIna zilpa hai jabaki gaDikezvAra meM sarvAhna kI Asanastha svataMtra pratimA bhI prAcIna hai| ye donoM AkRtiyA~ isa pustaka ke lekhaka ne pahacAna lI hai| naSTaprAya garbhagRha kI jina pArzva kI suMdara pratimA advitIya hai| Upara kI gola pratimA bhavya pratimA ke rUpa meM jAnI jAtI hai| gaharI tapasyA meM baiThe pArzva kI zilpAkRti ke pIche eka AbhAmaMDala hai jo prakAza vikIrNita kara rahA hai| usake sira para dharaNeMdra apane tIna phanoM kA chatra banAe khaDA hai| chatrAlaya kI bagala meM cAmaradhAriyoM kI U~cI zilpAkRtiyA~ tathA caityavRkSa kI AkRtiyA~ dikhA dete haiN| parikaroM ke suMdara zilpoM kA vivaraNa bAdAmI-cAlukya zailI kA pratinidhitva karate haiM, jisameM usakI komalatA tathA vaiziSTaya eka sAtha naz2ara AtA hai| zilpakAroM kA takanikI kauzala uccatama sauMdaryadRSTi ke sAtha milakara anya ghaTakoM ke ucita anupAta meM milatA hai| durbhAgyavaza usakA siMhAsana gAyaba hai| apratima tathA samamita pratimA sAtavIM tathA AThavIM sadI ke madhya banI thI, saMbhavataH rAjA vijayAditya siMhAsanAdhiSTha thaa| jaina maMdira ke mArga para jAte samaya kaI prAcIna AkRtiyA~ TuTe khaMbhe Adi eka ora pheMke hue mile jAte haiN| mArga meM U~ce se TIle para paDe avazeSoM meM Asanastha dvibhuja yakSa ke zilpa ke zarIra ke For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #193
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 149 bhAga hai| karnATaka kI yaha atyaMta prAcIna pratimA hai jo sAtavIM sadI ke bAdAmI cAlukya-kAla kI hai| itanA hI nahIM anusaMdhAtA yaha bhI nizcita karate haiM ki gaDikezavAra kI sarvAha yakSa kI pratimA pahalI tathA svataMtra pratimA hai| cAlukya sAmrAjya meM jaina dharma ke phailane ke kyA kAraNa the yaha batAne ke lie yaha sAre sAkSya kAphI haiN| bhale hI yaha samaya kI garta meM kho gayA hai phira bhI mithakoM, smRtiyoM tathA kucha khAsa avazeSoM se surakSita haiM, gadhikezavAra sUdUra grAmINa kSetra meM eka ratna sA hai| ___ isa pustaka ke lekhaka ke dvArA hAla hI meM mallasamudra meM tIna prAcIna jaina pratimAoM kI khoja kI hai aura yaha sAbita kiyA hai ki yaha grAma AThavIM sadI kA prasiddha jaina saMsthA kA keMdra thaa| hAlA~ki aba vaha prAcIna purAnA maMdira astitva . meM nahIM rahA, kiMtu pUrvonmukhI eka choTe se hAla meM tIna jina kI tIna bhavya pratimAe~ eka U~ce cabUtare para sthApita kI gaI haiN| unameM se do khaDgAsana meM sthita jina pArzva kI tathA eka jo ardhapadmAsana kI mudrA meM hai vaha mahAvIra kI hai| jina pArzva kI do zilpAkRtiyoM meM eka jo pA~ca phanoM vAle chatra kI hai vaha karnATaka kI sabase prAcIna zilpakRti hai| jisakA samaya IsA kI AThavIM sadI kA hai| jisameM uDate hue devadUta yA cAmaradhArI yA sevaka devatAoM kA abhAva jarUra hai| anupAtapUrNa balazAlI deha, thoDA sA aMDAkAra mukha, laMbe kAna, tathA muMDana kiyA huA sira usakI sauMdaryadRSTi tathA jinabiMba kI racanA kA hI udghATana karatI hai| guDDe jaisA Thosapana tathA prAcIna nagnatA jo jina zilpa kA vaiziSTya hai, isa zilpakRti meM atyaMta suMdaratA se pradarzita kiye gaye hai| aihoLe tathA bAdAmI kI guphAoM ke sAmane vAle dAlAnoM meM sthita jina pArzva ke zilpa bhI chaThI sadI ke mAne jAte haiM jo pItala meM khudavAe gae haiN| kiMtu aba taka mallasamudra kI pratimA cAlukya kAla kI prathama jAnI mAnI tathA svataMtra pratimA hai, jo eka kAlI caTTAna para hai| (nAgarAjjayya haMpa 2000-244) purAlekhiya sAkSya yaha nizcita karate haiM ki mallasamudra yaha eka bahuta hai prAcIna sthAna hai tathA mulaguMda tathA puligere jo ki do atyaMta prAcIna jainapITha hai, ke sAtha usakA bahuta karIbI saMbaMdha hai| padmAsana mudrA meM baiThI eka anya jina kI dhyAna-dhAraNA meM lIna pratimA, jo amarezvara maMdira ke bAhara eka choTe se kakSa meM kRSNa nadI kI ora unmukha, pratiSThApita kI gaI hai| yaha pratimA sakala AMdradeza ke jina zilpoM meM eka mAtra hai| isakI do tahoM vAlI keza racanA, pIche kI ora muDe kezoM ke madhya meM uSniSA, jo uttara For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #194
150 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya kI kucha pratimAeM vizeSakara orisA khaMDagirI guphAoM meM sthita prAcIna zilpAkRti ke samAna haiN| pIche kI ora muDe keza tathA sira ke madhya bhAga meM uniSA, saMbhavataH gAMdhAra ke prabhAva ke kAraNa rahA hai, isa para vicAra karanA bhI jarUrI hai| pAsa hI baha rahI kRSNa nadI se nikAlI gaI pratimA tathA hastamudrAoM kA zarIra ke sAtha trikoNa banAnA Adi yahI jatAte haiM ki yaha pratimA sAtavIM-AThavIM sadI kI hai| yaha to nizcita hai ki amarAvatI tathA kRSNa nadI kI khAI ke anya sthAnoM para dhArmika saMskRti kA vidhAna calAne meM jina prabhAva kA bahuta bar3A hAtha hai tathA purAlekhiya tathA zilpagata gavAhoM ke dvArA isa tathya ko AdhAra milatA hai| ___ paTTajinAlaya kI saMkalpanA kI jar3eM kadaMboM tathA gaMga gharAnoM meM milatI haiM aura jinako eka viziSTa AkAra cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla meM milA, jinhoMne zaMkha jinAlaya ko apane iSTa devi meM badala diyA aura adhikRta rUpa se ise paTTajinAlaya bnaayaa| paTTadakalla isa nAma kI vyutpatti ko bhI vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna meM rakhanA hogaa| paTTadakala, paTTada, kisuvoLAla kA saMkSipta rUpa hai, jisameM paTTada yaha zabda kisuvoLAla kA upasarga hai| jisase yaha sthAna kisuvoLAla se alaga ho jAtA hai aura sAtha hI anya jinAlayoM se paTTada jinAlaya bhinna lge| ataH paTTadakala meM 'kala' parasarga kisuvoLAla (lAla raMga kI nagarI) kA saMkSipta rUpa hai| abbigere ke purAlekha (gadaga jilA roNa tAlUkA tithi 1113) meM kisuvoLAla ke Asa pAsa kA bhAga 'kisuvoLAla' nADu ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| kisuvoLAla meM hAla hI meM kie gae utkhanana meM vidyamAna jaina maMdira ke saMkula meM IToM meM banavAyA eka aura jinAlaya prakAza meM AyA hai| isa jinAlaya meM garbhagRha, aMtarAla tathA sabhAmaMDapa bhI hai jo chaThI sadI ke madhya kA ho sakatA hai, aura jo tatkAlIna yuga kA sabase prAcIna jaina maMdira ho sakatA hai| usa IToM vAle maMdira kI sA~ce meM DhalI buniyAda gauDara guDI ke samAna lagatI hai| (rAva esa Ara. New light on Chalukya Architecture', The Chalukyas of Badami (ed) M.S.N. Rao: 1978:274) paTTadakala kA jaina nArAyaNa maMdira kolhApUra meM sthita rUpanArAyaNa jinAlaya sAtha hI nArAyaNa (vAsudeva) pratinArAyaNa (prativAsudeva) kI avadhAraNA kA turaMta hI smaraNa dilAtA hai, jo 63 mahAna vyaktiyoM meM gine gae haiN| jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, 20vIM sadI ke aMtima dazakoM meM jaina maMdira ke AsapAsa kie gae utkhanana meM IToM se banA eka aura jaina maMdira aura kAyotsarga mudrA meM pAyI gaI jina kI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #195
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 151 pratimA zAyada kadaMboM ke zAsanakAla ke aMtima dazaka kI hogii| kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki isa pradeza meM jaina dharma chaThI sadI se hI bahuta gaharI jar3eM jamA cukA thaa| khude hue pramANoM ke abhAvoM ke kAraNa maMdira ke devatA kA patA lagAnA bahuta kaThina hotA hai, aura uparyukta prAcIna pratimA kI khoja ke bAda to aura bhI kaThina hai| rAjakumArI kuMkuma ne apane bacapana se hI, apane dAdAoM ke zAsanakAla meM bAdAmI tathA aihoLe meM pAyI gayI arhata pArzva tathA kevali bAhubali kI zilpAkRtiyoM tathA aihoLe jainendra bhavana meM aMbikA kI pratimA ko dekhA hai aura unakI pUjA bhI kI hai| jAhira hai ki vaha jinabhavana tathA pArzva, bAhubali, aMbikA kA usI prakAra pavitrIkaraNa cAhatI thI jaisA ki usane dekhA tathA unakI prazaMsA bhI kI thii| isa pArzvabhUmi para maiM yaha kahane kA sAhasa kara rahA hU~ ki bogAra basadI ke stambhoM para pArzva tathA bAhubali kI zilpAkRtiyA~ khudavAkara usake pati citravAhana ne to jaise rAnI kA sapanA hI purA kiyA ho| aise meM bogAra basadI paravartI kAla kI ho sakatI hai| Amra kI pratimA ko aihoLe kI pratimA kI taraha hI khudavAyA gayA hai, jo nizcita hI AThavIM sadI ke prAraMbhika dazakoM kI hai| bogAra basadI hombuja kI sabase purAnI evaM prAcIna nIMva hai| aksara yaha jineMdrAlaya bogAra basadI ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai aura kabhI-kabhI isakA ullekha azokavana basadI ke rUpa meM bhI kiyA jAtA hai| bogAraM yaha kannaDa zabda vyokAra (lohakAra) kA apabhraza rUpa hai| loha-vyApArI samudAya ke dvArA saMsthApita hone ke kAraNa yaha maMdira bogAra basadI ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| isase gadhikezavarA (gulabargA jilA, ciMcolI tAlukA) kA kaMcugAra basadI kA smaraNa hotA hai, isa maMdira kA nAma banavAne vAloM ke nAma para pdd'aa| ise ghaMTI banavAnevAloM ne banavAyA thaa| ___ bogAra basadI ko eka anya nAma azokavana basadI paDane ke pIche kAraNa yaha thA ki yaha ghane jaMgala meM sthita hai| yaha maMdira aisA lagatA hai mAnoM prakRti kI goda meM eka choTA, suMdara sA bAlaka baiThA ho| bAdAmI-yuga ke zilpoM meM yaha maMdira apanI zilpakalA meM advitIya hai| usake mUla DhA~ce ke bAvajUda use thoDA grIvA tathA zikhA se bhArayukta kara diyA gayA hai, usake purAne kapaDe abhI bhI ThIka hai| pratibaMdha para banAe gae vimAna tathA mahAmaMDapa tathA padabaMdha adhisthAnoM ke sAtha bogArabasadI kI bhittiyA~ brahmakAMta kI zilpAkRtiyoM se yukta haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #196
152 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya paramaAkRti gRhapiMDI se banavAyI gayI hai jo sAlAkostha se samRddha hai| jabaki karNa ne kapotapaMjara dhAraNa kiyA hai|.... mahAnAsisa ko eka jaisA hI vanaspati saMvardhana hai jaisA ki kuToM tathA sAlAsa meM, kiMtu kucha thoDI se bar3e AkAra meN| unakI guphAoM meM jina kI zilpAkRtiyA~ Asanastha haiN| usakI golAI sAtha hI sAtha zikharoM kA anupAta bhI draviDadeza ke samakAlIna udAharaNoM se bhinnatA rakhate haiM kiMtu kuToM se samAnatA rakhate haiN| eka choTA aMtarAla guDhamaMDapa ko vimAna se joDatA hai| (c.20 ft 5 in wide) (Dhaky 222) ___laMbA paTTa, ratna rasse ko utsarjita karatI cauDI peTI, eka khudI huI laharAtI latikA, nIce Asanastha jina kI zilpAkRti tathA dAlAna ke bhItara cAra bhramakAMta stambhoM ke zahatIra para banI bAhubali tathA arhata pArzva kI kAyotsarga mudrAvAlI zilpAkRtiyA~ zilpakAroM kI chainI kI kuzalatA tathA kalA kA pramANa hai| pracura tathA tIkSNatA se khude AbhUSaNoM kI nakkAzI apanI U~cI guNavattA tathA kalAkArI prAraMbha se lekara aMta taka-eka sI banAe rakhI hai aura ye karnATaka ke sabase acche udAharaNa haiN| garbhagRha ke aMdara kA siMhAsana utanA hI prAcIna hai jitanA ki vaha maMdira hai lekina vahA~ kI pratimAe~ Adhunika haiN| kula milAkara maMdira rAjasI hai para usake AkAra meM na hokara usake utkRSTa hone meM haiN| (DAki 222-223). . pro.e. suMdara ke anusAra yaha maMdira vAtApI yuga ke prAraMbhika kAla ke sAtavIM sadI kA hai| pro.ema.e DhAke ise rASTrakUToM ke kAla meM rakhate haiN| sArI bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakhane ke bAda mujhe lagatA hai ki yaha basadI bAdAmI ke zAsanakAla ke prAraMbhika dazakoM kI hai| isa natIje para pahu~cate samaya zilpakalA ke mUlatatva jaise, - 1. dvAramArga para saMrakSaka zilpAkRtiyoM kA abhAva .. 2. daravAjoM ke pAkhoM para khudAI zaMkhanidhi tathA padmanidhi kA pratimAe~ 3. navaraMga ke bhItara kaoNlama ke Upara kA laMbA paTTa jo nAgarala meM sthita cAlukya maMdira (sirakA sAtavIM sadI) tathA elorA ke kailAsa maMdira (lagabhaga .... 750) se sAmya rakhatA hai| ye sabhI maMdira kI prAcInatA hI jatAte hai| aura to aura yaha maMdira AThavIM sadI ke kamaThezvara ke hiMdu maMdira se kaI bAtoM meM sAmya rakhatA hai| vidyamAna jinAyatanoM jaise halasI jinagRha (chaThI sadI), puligere kA zaMkhajinAlaya (madhya chaThI sadI), aihoLe meguDI (634) meM bogAra basadI (lagabhaga 730) bAdAmI sAmrAjya meM mukuTa kI taraha camakate hai| lAlityapUrNa anupAta tathA ucca stara kI kArIgarI kI dRSTI se For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #197
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 153 agara inako A~kA jAya to ina maMdiroM ko karnATadeza ke isa yuga ke sabase suMdara maMdiroM meM ginA jAnA cAhie / (Dhake 222) jaina keMdroM ne madhyayuga kI aMbikA (Amra, kUSmADinI) ke pA~ca svataMtra zilpa banavAye jo grenAiTa me banavAe gae haiN| ina AkRtiyoM kI apUrvatA yaha hai ki sabhI pA~coM AkRtiyA~ dvihasti, vizvapadma meM lalitAsana meM haiM, jisakA bAyA hAtha goda meM baiThe apane beTe ko AdhAra de rahA hai aura dAhinA hAtha AmrakhaMbI dhAraNa kie hue haiN| pA~ca zilpAkRtiyoM meM se do bogArA basadI ke pAsa haiM aura eka AThavIM sadI ke prAraMbha ke dazakoM kI hai jo ki bAdAmI zAsana ke kAla meM paDatI haiN| saMbhavataH yaha zilpAkRti 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ko samarpita eka bhinna saMbhavataH usase bhI prAcIna maMdira kI hai| koI bhI aisA kAraNa nahIM milatA ki jo yaha batA sake ki kyoM ye pratimAeM maMdira ke bAhara rakhI gaI haiM jabaki donoM pratimAe~ tathA . maMdira jaina jAti kI hI haiN| . zravaNabeLagoLa kI zAsana devI aMbikA hone ke kAraNa yaha svAbhAvika tathA nyAyocita hai ki aMbikA kI pratimAe~ saMkhyA meM adhika haiN| hoMbujA kI pradhAna devI padmAvatIdevI hai| lekina yahA~ kI purAnI vidyamAna svataMtra pratimAe~ aMbikA kI hai| isako jyAdA ahamiyata dene kA kAraNa kyA rahA hogA yaha jAnanA kaThina nahIM hai kAraNa itihAsa meM sAMtaroM kA udaya bAdAmI sAmrAjya ke sevakoM ke rUpa meM huA, jinhoMne aMbikA kI ArAdhanA ko baDhAvA diyaa| jAhira hai ki, unake zAsanadevatA kI ArAdhanA ke svIkRti prApta karane ke lie sAMtaroM ne jaina dharma ko apane vizvAsa kA saMbala banAyA aura prasannatA se aMbikA kI mUrti kI sthApanA kii| yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki poMburca kA pradhAna citravAhana prathama (663-730) ne vinayAditya kI putrI kuMkuma mahAdevI se vivAha kiyA thaa| puligere- zaMkhabasadI __ vaibhavapUrNa nagaroM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA tathA jo dhArmika, sAmAjika-sAMskRtika, zilpakalAgata, Arthika tathA vyApAra jaise vibhinna kSetroM kI vyasta gatividhiyoM kA sthAna bne| puligere ke vyApAriyoM ke paTTi (Adhunika haTTiyaMgaDi, kuMDApura tAlUkA, sAtaMro kI dUsarI rAjadhAnI) ke sAtha vyAvasAyika saMbaMdha the| jinadatta (sAtavIM sadI) ne paTTI ke AThaveM tIrthaMkara caMdranAtha upanAma caMdraprabha ko samarpita kiyA thA jo bAda meM Aga meM jala gayA aura bAda meM usakA phira nirmANa kiyA gyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #198
154 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya sthAnIya lokakathAoM ke anusAra yaha pavitra jainoM kA tIrthasthAna kabhI 772 basadiyoM se bharApUrA thaa| aise hI kucha udAharaNoM kA abhAva nahIM hai| jaise koppala, eka anya jaina keMdra 772 basadiyoM se camakatA thaa| isI taraha mAruDige (gulabargA jilA) jile meM bhI 700 jaina maMdira the| ina dAvoM kI saccAI jAnane tathA saccAI kI parakha karane ke lie purAlekhiya sAkSoM sameta vizvAsapAtra gavAhoM kI hama punaH parIkSA karanI hogii| "Huccimalligudi Tarabasappagudi Cikkigudi Ravalaphadi cave Durga Lad Khan Gaudargudi Kund Cakragudi O..Mallikarjuna' Kuntigudi NBuddhist vihara Meguti Huccapayya-matha Z+ For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #199
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 155 puligere jaina maMdira kA zahara thA tathA zaMkhajinAlaya eka aisA maMdira thA jise eka sadI taka niraMtara zAhI dAna milA thaa| zaMkha basadI ke sAtha-sAtha anya aneka prasiddha jaina maMdiroM kA ullekha purAlekhoM meM haiM.... 1. anaMtanAtha trikuTAcala jinAlaya 2. AnesejjayyA basadI 3. caturmukha caityAlaya 4. dhavala jinAlaya 5.. gaMga kaMdarpa basadI 6. gaMga peramADI caityAlaya (peramADI basadI) 7. gAkuMDana basadI 8. gogiyA basadI 9. jinnojana basadI 10. mattise iya basadI 11. marudevI basadI 12. mukkara basadI 13. paMca basadI 14. rAya rAcamalla basadI 15. zaMkha jinAlaya 16. zAMtinAtha jinAlaya 17. zrIvijaya jinAlaya 18. tIrtha basadI hAlA~ki kaI jaina maMdira puligere meM camaka uThe aura unameM se kaI naSTa ho gae aura Aja unakA koI surAkha nahIM hai| durbhAgyavaza unameM se kucha naSTa ho gae haiM yA naSTa kara die gae haiM yA phira jala gae haiM yA aise tuDavAe gae haiM ki jamIna para akSarazaH kucha bhI zeSa nahIM rahA / trailokyamalla somezvara prathama ke zAsanakAla meM coLa AkramaNa ke daurAna yaha tabAhI huI thii| isI ke sAtha bhuvanaikamalla somezvara dvitIya (1042-68) ne coLoM dvArA kI gaI tabAhI ko phira se ThIka karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| punaHnirmANa kI prakriyA meM, jaisA ki yaha aksara hotA hai, jo bhI purAne avazeSa hote haiM ve bhI lupta ho jAte haiN| ataH ekadama naI zilpAkRtiyoM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #200
156 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya kA nirmANa huaa| zaMkhabasadI tathA anaMtajinAlaya basadI jo zeSa haiM, mAtra apane pUrva AkAra prakAra kI mAtra nakala hI hai| pA~ca garbhagRha vAle doMnoM maMdira cAlukya zilpakalA kI zailI meM banavAe gae the| kiMtu eka bAra phira ye 15 vIM sadI meM dakkanI saltanata ke daurAna naSTaprAya hone lage the| suMdara tathA prasiddha zaMkhajinAlaya ne kAphI vidhvaMsa kA sAmanA kiyA aura isake pA~ca vimAnoM kI dIvAreM burI taraha se TUTI haiN| gaharI khAiyA~ jahA~ bhI ca AnoM meM khulatI hai patthara se bharI haiN| __saubhAgyavaza, anaMtanAtha basadI, 14veM tIrthaMkara ko samarpita kI gaI thI, jise thor3e acchI taraha se surakSita rakhA hai| bhItara pRSTha-dAlAna kA zrIkAra stambha yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ukta maMdira kA punarnimANa kiyA gayA thA lekina isa stambha ko vaise hI rakhA thaa| Upara jina anya maMdiroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve cAlukyoM ke paravartI kAla ke haiN| dhavala jinAlaya, AMnesajje basadI tathA mokkArA basadI cAlukya-kAla ke prAcIna tathA samakAlIna maMdira the| ___chaThI sadI ke Asa-pAsa hojezvara maMdira ke alAvA anya surakSita maMdiroM meM se svayaMbhu somezvara maMdira bhagavAna zivajI ko samarpita haiN| isake alAvA brahmaziva (1175).... eka jaina kavi ne kahA hai ki isa ziva maMdira ko hI jaina maMdira se badala diyA gayA thaa| brahmazivA kA kAla svayaMmbhu maMdira ke nirmANa ke AsapAsa hone ke kAraNa usake vicAra ko anadekhA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH kahA~ aura kaba bhI mahatvapUrNa hai| tathApi, vartamAna somezvara devAlaya kA zilpa jaina avazeSoM ko prakaTa nahIM krtaa| hAlAMki brahmaziva ke kathana kA koI Thosa sabUta nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai ki somanAtha (somezvara) maMdira kI jamIna mUlataH eka naSTaprAya jinAlaya kI rahI ho ataH isa prakAra kI bAteM jaDeM pakaDane lgii| rAjanItika AvazyakatA ke tahata maulika pratimAoM meM se kucha pratimAe~ lakSmezvara (puligere) meM varSa 1999 meM prakAza meM aayiiN| purI chAna-bIna tathA vicAravimarza ke bAda isa pustaka ke lekhaka ne hAla hI meM kie gae utkhanana meM pAyI gayI prAcIna jaina pratimAoM meM eka pratimA ko mUlanAyaka (tIrthaMkara) kI pratimA ke samAna pAyA jo kabhI AMjaneya basti meM pratiSThApita kI gayI thI, jisa basti ko ALupA citravAhana kI rAnI, vinayAditya kI putrI, tathA vijayAditya vallabha kI bahana kuMkuma devI ne banavAyA thaa| kucha zAhI AdhArazilA para rAjAoM, rAniyoM tathA rAjakumAriyoM ke nAma pAyeM jAte haiM, jinhoMne ina maMdiroM ke lie nidhiyA~ dI thI yA phira maMdira nirmANa kie For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #201
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 157 the, ve sAre aitihAsika mahatva ke the| vidyamAna aitihAsika DATA ke AdhAra para ina zAhI maMdiroM para vicAra honA caahie| zAhI rAjavaMzoM ke sadasya aksara ina sthAnoM ko bheMTa dete the tathA zAhI maMdiroM meM jAkara apanI zraddhA-bhakti dikhAte the aura dAna dete the aura apanI bheTa tathA dAna nidhi kA rikArDa bhI purAlekhita karate the| zaMkhabasadI meM sthita apratima sahasrakUTa kI pratimA jo ki aisI zilA meM banavAyI gayI hai jisameM jina kI 1014 choTI choTI pratimAeM khudavAI gaI haiM, jo atyaMta suMdara haiM aura isake madhya tIrthaMkara kI eka Adamakada pratimA hai jo caturviMzati kI parikalpanA para banavAyI gayI haiN| sahasrakUTa nizcita hI bAda kA joDa hai aura jo ki cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla kI nahIM hai| saMbhavataH ye inase bhI pahale kalyANa ke cAlukyoM ke kAla kI ho sakatI hai| ... kramAnusAra zaMkhabasadI karnATaka ke prAcIna jaina maMdiroM meM se eka hai jo pUrvI kadaMboM ke kAla tathA kucha pUrvI gaMgoM ko maMdiroM ke bAda kI hai jinakA purAlekhoM meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kiMtu jahA~ taka vidyamAna jinAlayoM kA saMbaMdha hai sabase prAcIna surakSita imArata pA~cavIM sadI ke halasI jaina maMdira kI hai| .. chaThI sadI ke aMtima dazakoM meM nirmita zaMkha basadI maMdira ko aihoLe tathA bAdAmI jaina guphA maMdiroM meM prathama maMdira banane kA vizeSAdhikAra thaa| maMdiroM tathA prArthanAsthaloM ko calAne ke lie samakAlIna zAhI logoM ne grAma tathA jamIna dAna meM de die| sAtavIM sadI ke prAraMbha se hI rAjAoM se 15 vIM sadI taka pracura mAtrA meM dAna milatA rhaa| utsAhI anuyAyiyoM ko jisa prakAra ke dAna tathA bheMTa milA karate the usameM vividhatA thI usameM grAmadattI, bhUdAna se lekara sonA-cA~dI bhI zAmila the| kaI purAlekhoM meM mahatvapurNa tathA pratiSThita maMdiroM kA ullekha huA hai| 1. South Indian Inscriptions, Vol. XX, Inscription No.3, C.E.. 630: Indian Antiquary, Vol. VII. p. 106 2. Ibid, No.4, D. sa. 683 3. Ibid, No.5, D. sa. 723: Vol,VII, p, 110 4. Ibid, No.6, D. sa. 730 5. Ibid, No.7, D. sa. 735 6. Karnataka Inscription, Vol 1. No.15 undated, Shiggaon, pp. 17-18 7. Ibid,No.16, D. sa. 919, Shiggaon For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #202
158 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya 8. SII Vol. XX, No 244 D. sa. 968-69 9. Ibid, No.245, D. sa. 968-69 10. Ibid, No.47 11. Ibid, No.55 12. Epigraphia Carnatika, VOI,VIII ( BLR) Sorab, 428, I.sa. 1383 giNivala (Shimoga Dist) kaI pradezoM ke baDe-baDe logoM ne zaMkhajinAlaya ko nidhiyA~ dii| 13. SIL. Vol. XX. No. 232, I.sa. 1412. 14. Ibid, Vol. XX. No 321. I.sa. 1583, Records an amicable settlement of a dispute between the devotes of the Sankhajinalaya and Somnatha devalaya tathApi, nagara ke purAlekhoM meM prathama tathA pahalA nAma pAne kA sammAna zaMkhabasadI ne pAyA hai| isa prAcIna jaina saMsthA ko sabase pahale chaThI sadI meM dAna milA thaa| jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA hai, paMcakUTa basati (vartamAna DhA~cA) rAjA bhuvanaikamalla ne banavAyI thii| (1068-76) aura hombuja meM yaha pahalA jaina maMdira hai jisake pA~ca bhAga hai| maMdira kI buniyAda do sapATa vaproM tathA padma para khaDI hai| adhisthAna bhI do tahoM kI jagatI tathA karNaka, kapotapATI aura nakrapa kA se banA hai aura raMgamaMDapa meM makaroM ke AkAra meM banavAyA gayA hai| aura ina makaroM ke mukha eka * dUsare ke Amane sAmane haiN| aura isakI sabase dilacaspa bAta raMgamaMDapa ke dakSiNa meM laMbA .puSpakhaMDa-jAla hai| jisakA kAphI hissA adhikatara spaSTa hai aura sAtha hI isameM eka taraha kI taratIba bhI naz2ara AtI hai| laMbA tathA cauDA khaMbha apanI bArikiyoM ke sAtha hai use dekhakara aisA lagatA hai jaise bAMbu kI chAla se banavAyA gayA ho| khudavAyA kakSAsana apane yuga kI zailI kA nahIM hai| dAlAna ke aMdara ke khaMbhe sapATa zrIkAra, citrakhaMDa se bane haiM jisameM idhara udhara kucha nakkAzI dikhAI paDatI hai| isakI durlabha bAta itanI hI hai ki sAmanevAle dAlAna meM rakhA gayA shstrkutt| (DAki ema, e, : EITA: 1996-177) . "paMcakUTa ke jaina maMdira ke dakSiNa vimAna acche se surakSita rakhA gayA hai| sAmAnya sA kapoTabaMdha AdisthAna, aneka zahatIroM kI dIvAreM, do joDI upabhadroM ke bhadra, subhadra ke mukha para khaTTaka, zikharayukta chata (jisakA zikhara nahIM hai), kapilla ke Upara khukhanAsa Adi maMdira kI sAmAnya bAteM dikhAI detI haiN| uttarI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #203
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 159 maMdira ke UparI hisse meM phira se banavAye gae bhAga meM jinayukta maMdira kA mADala hai jisakI bagala meM viSNukAMta ke choTe stambha haiM jo ucca darje kI kArIgarI ko darzAte haiN| gUDhAmaMDapa meM prAraMbhika avasthA kI zailI meM bane khaMbhe haiN| vartamAna DhA~cA bArahavIM sadI ke prAraMbhika dazakoM kA ho sakatA hai| jina-zilpakalA ke saMdarbha meM cAlukya kaI bAtoM meM agraNI the| 1. yakSa-yakSI kI saMkalpanA se pahalI bAra paricita karAnA tathA isa dhArA ko lokapriya bhI bnaanaa| 2. airAvata para Asanastha iMdra tathA iMdrANI kI parikalpanA ko lokapriya bnaanaa| mIna basadI ke dAhinevAle mukhya bhAga meM 25 mITara laMbA varNanAtmaka painala, hAlA~ki adhurA hai, phira bhI ullekhanIya hai| 3. kathyaparaka zilpa banAnevAloM meM sabase prathama, jaise, zilpoM para pArzva, bAhubali, tathA aMbikA aura iMdra ke jIvana ko citrita krnaa| 4. ucca guNavattA kI kalA tathA sauMdarya se yukta zilpoM kA pratinidhitva karane meM prthm| 5. pArzva tathA bAhubali se saMyukta zilpa kA sajIva citraNa karanevAloM meM prathama rahe haiM, jo zilpakAroM tathA bhaktoM ke pasaMdIdA ho ge| jisakI caramasImA kI gavAha hai elorA kI jaina guphaaeN| 6. aMbikA, jvAlAmAlinI tathA zyAma kI svataMtra pratimA banAnevAloM meM sarvaprathama 7. maMjiloMvAlA maMdira banAnevAloM meM sarvaprathamA / 8. kaI ghaTakoM se yukta maMdira nirmANakAroM meM prthm| __ paTTadakalla kA jaina nArAyaNa maMdira sAMtaroM kA maMdira hai| jahA~ maMdira ke garbhagRha meM jAne se pUrva bhaktoM ko maMdira kI tIna parikramAeM lenI hotI hai| maMdira kA garbhagRha, sabhA maMDapa, tathA laMbA mukha-maMDapa bahuta hI vizAla hai tathA usake Upara eka aura prArthanAgRha hai, aura ye rASTrakUToM ke zAsanakAla ke haiN| sArAMza zilpakAroM aura kalAkAroM ne niyamoM kA pAlana karate hue tathA apane kArIgarI ko apanI paridhi meM vyakta karate hue jaina paraMparA kA mithakIya tathA rahasyAtmaka dRzya dikhA diyaa| unakI bhakti se bharI nakkAzI ke kauzalya se jaina mithaka ke jagata For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #204
160 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya ke sUkSma aMza ko grahaNa kiyaa| aMbikA, jina pArzva, bAhubali, jvAlAmAlinI, tathA zyAma ke mAmale meM kuzala zilpakAroM ne unake jIvana cakra se juDI paurANika ghaTanAoM ko prazaMsanIya rUpa se badala diyaa| jaina parikalpanA ke maMdira ka punanirmANa karane ke lie prAdezika tathA bhAratIya maMdira zilpakalA kI sArI pravRtiyoM kA sumelana karanA pddaa| saMkSepa meM, isa prakAra kI pravRtti ko jArI karate samaya jaina kalA tathA zilpakalA ko baDhAvA dene ke lie bahuta kAma kiyA tathA isase sabase adhika phAyadA rASTrakUToM ko huaa| hAlA~ki ITa paraMparA zilA paraMparA ke sAtha sAtha DaTI rahI, phira bhI cAlukyoM ne zilA paraMparA ko IToM se adhika mAnyatA dI yaha jAhira hai| paTTadakalla ke jaina maMdira meM eka yojanAbaddha ITavAlA maMdira pAyA gayA, jo ki isa yuga kA sabase prAcIna maMdira hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #205
PORNDICRORDaa adhyAya nau sAhitya jainadharma, isakI zaikSika tathA tAtvika aMtardRSTi, carcA kI pRSThabhUmi para vistRta rUpa se phailane vAlA dharma rahA hai| jaina darzana ke saMgrahasthala, aura usakI prAdezikatA meM bahuta bar3I yogyatA hai tathA bhAratIya prAdezikatA ke adhivAsiya saMdarbha meM ekAtmakatA lAne ke lie vividha pradezoM kI bhASA tathA saMskRti se vizeSAdhikAra paayaa| ina pradezoM ke lokAcAroM meM unake yogadAna ke bAre meM bar3hA-caDhAkara kahane kI jarUrata nahIM hai| inhoMne eka bRhata sAhityika paraMparA kA nirmANa kiyA hai| jaisA ki uttara meM gujarAta, rAjasthAna, to dakSiNa meM kannaDanADu tathA tamilanADu meM inake aitihAsika astitva, sAmAjika vikAsa, sAhityika tathA kalAtmakakSetra meM bar3A yogadAna rahA hai| dakSiNa pradeza pramukhatA se bahuta prAcIna tathA digaMbara paraMparA kA niraMtara adhivAsa hone ke kAraNa inakA sAhityika yogadAna isI pradeza meM vizeSa rUpa se rahA hai| hyuna ce sAMga ne bhI kAMci tathA madurai meM digaMbaroM tathA unake devakuloM ke maMdiroM ke hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| karnATaka meM bhI prAcIna kAla se hI jainadharma apane sAtha kalA, zilpakalA tathA sAhitya vAtAvaraNa banAtA calA AyA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #206
162 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya prAraMbha se hI jaina vidvAnoM ne binA kisI virodhI bhUmikA ke niraMtara vaiyaktika kartavyoM ko nibhAte hue, apane tAtvika tathA dArzanika antardhArA se vizva ke prati apanI parikalpanA tathA vyakti kI paripUrNatA ko niraMtara smjhaayaa| kalA, zilpakalA yA sAhitya ke kSetra meM unakA jo bhI vivaraNa thA, IsA pUrva jo bhI upalabdha thA usako naSTa kara diyA gyaa| tathApi unakA vivaraNa, suvyavasthita rUpa se I. kI prAraMbhika sadiyoM se zuru hotA hai| ataH hama dekhate haiM ki sAhityika vAtAvaraNa kI prAcIra eka aisI ojasvI tathA gatimAna zakti thI ki jisane pA~cavIM sadI se zuru hokara hajAroM varSoM taka apanI urjA ko banAe rkhaa| baDhatI huI ojasvitA meM, rAjasI, zAhI tathA vANijyika saMrakSaNa meM bahamukhI.jaina vidvattA ne apane paMkha kannaDa sAhitya kI kaI vidhAoM meM phailA die aura paravartI cAlukya tathA rASTrakUToM ke kAla meM apanI sarvoccatA ko banAe rkhaa| phira eka bAra sahitya ko phUlane phalane ke lie eka upajAu jamIna taiyAra karane kA zreya cAlukyoM ko hI jAtA hai| stutipadya kAvya ke saMdarbha meM, purAlekhoM ke prAraMbha meM ravikIrti ke saMskRta kAvya kA aitihAsika dRSTi se atyaMta mahatva hai| kisI purAlekha kA prAraMbha kisI pAvitryapUrNa stuti se hotA thA vaha cAhe saMskRta meM ho yA prAkRta meM yA phira kisI prAdezika bhASA meM vaha jaina lekhaka kA hI thaa| phira bAda meM buddhoM ne bhI isa pravRtti ko apanAyA aura apane apane matAnusAra stutipadya kAvya likhane lge| mahArASTra ke pale (pune jilA) ke guphA kA purAlekha, lagabhaga IsA kI prathama sadI, saMskRta AhvAna se prAraMbha hotA hai, namo aha~tAnAmA (nAgarAjjaya haMpa, jinendra stavana 2003) dakSiNa meM, IsA pUrva tIsarI sadI tathA IsA kI tIsarI sadI meM AMdhra tathA karnATaka pradeza meM sAtavAhanoM ne, tathA I. sa. 225 meM ikSAvakusa ne rAjagaddI para Ane ke bAda, zAsakIya rikArDoM ke lie prAkRta bhASA lAgU kii| lekina paravartiyoM ne saMskRta apnaayii| prAkRta se saMskRta bhASA ke isa parivartana ne gati pakar3a lI aura pallavoM tathA kadaMboM ne saMskRta ko baDhAvA diyaa| dakSiNa-pUrvI karnATaka meM, prAraMbha meM gaMgoM ne zAsakIya rikaoNrDa ke lie saMskRta ko apanAyA phira bAda meM chaThI sadI meM rAjA avanIta ke kAla se kannaDa bhASA apnaayii| jaise hI Adata baDhane lagatI hai vaise hI usakA mahatva bhI baDhatA jAtA hai, vAtApiyoM ke zAsanakAla meM kannaDa ne gati pakaDI, aura hama dekhate haiM ki 100 meM se 35 purAlekha kannaDa meM milate haiN| kannaDa ko apanAne kI yaha pravRtti, vAtApI ke zAsanakAla meM aura bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #207
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 163 adhika majabUta hotI gaI aura rASTrakUToM ke zAsanakAla (755-963) meM vaha apane zikhara para pahu~catI huI dikhAI dene lagatI hai| kannaDa kI yaha gatizIlatA kalyANa cAlukyoM ke kAla meM 90 pratizata bddhii| pariNAmasvarUpa prAkRta lupta huI aura saMskRta kevala sthAnIya sAhitya kI bhASA banakara raha gii| kannaDa bhASA ne bAdAmI ke zAsanakAla meM apane sthAna tathA pratiSThA ko itanI majabutI se pakaDa rakhA ki usake bAda usane apanI pakaDa tathA mahatva ko kabhI jAne nahIM diyaa| hAlA~ki dhIre dhIre saMskRta kI sAhityika garimA kSINa hotI gaI, phira bhI paravarti kAla meM vaha banI rahI kiMtu kannaDa ke bAda hI usakA sthAna rhaa| _isa prakAra, karnATaka kA prathama vAstavika vRttAMta hai, usake zAsaka, zAsana praNAlI, saMskRti, vANijya, kalA-zilpakalA, tathA sAhitya, vartamAna jaina maMdiroM ke prAcIna paratoM meM dikhAI paDatA hai jo vizAla bAdAmI sAmrAjya kI ora iMgita karatA hai| vidvAnoM kI akAdamI tathA vidvAnoM ne, jo mUlataH anudezaka tathA kulapitA the, jinakA saMrakSaNa zAsakoM tathA vyApAriyoM ne kiyA thA, sAhityika bhASA kA mAnakIkaraNa kiyA thaa| kucha mahatvapUrNa logoM ke samaya ko rekhAMkita karane ke lie jinhoMne itihAsa meM ahama bhUmikA nibhAyI thI, sAhitya tathA purAlekhoM se jaina sAmagrI kI jAnakArI prApta karanA tathA adhyayana karanA anivArya hai| kAvya meM pAyI jAnevAlI samakAlInatA kI chAnabIna se prAdezika itihAsa kA punarnirmANa karane kI suvidhA prApta ho sakatI hai| ___mahAna yuga ke atiuttama kavi, kavi ravikIrti ne (634), unhIM mAnaka sAhityika paraMparAoM ko kalamabaddha kiyA jo paraMparA vidvAna kavi kAlidAsa tathA bhAsa ne calAyI thI, aura unakA ullekha vaha khule dila se karatA hai| ravikIrti ne samaMtabhadra deva (575-625 aI.) tathA pUjyapAda (625-75 aI.) jaise sammAnita lekhakoM kI jaina kRtiyA~ paDhI bhI thI yA nahIM isakA patA nahIM hai| isI prakAra ravikIrti Agama sAhitya kRtiyoM se yA purohita paraMparA se kitanA paricita thA yaha bhI aspaSTa hai| vaha kannar3a ke pradhAna tathA gauNa pradezoM meM rahA karatA thaa| ataH koI bhI yaha apekSA kara sakatA thA ki vaha nizcita hI kannaDa jAnatA hogaa| isake alAvA vaha eka sthAnIya pratibhAzAlI vyakti thA jise pulakezI ne DhU~DhA thaa| jAhira hai ki jayakIrti dvArA racita, avidyamAna kannaDa kAvya, saMskRta kI kRti, karnATezvara kathA , jisakA ullekha caMdAnuzAsana meM huA hai, kA lekhakatva ravikIrti ko hI jAtA hai| nAgavarma likhita kAvyAvalokana meM ullekhita eka kavitA meM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #208
164 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya pulakezI ke kArya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, saMbhavataH isI kavitA kA uddharaNa ___ cAlukyoM ne kannaDa tathA saMskRta donoM ko protsAhita kiyaa| aura Azcaryajanaka bAta yaha hai ki prAkRta zAsana tathA sAhitya donoM meM lupta hai| ataH, kannaDa tathA saMskRta bhASA ke varNa bahuta hI karIne se tathA suMdaratA se khudavAe gae haiN| AdikadaMboM ke kAla kI tulanA meM kannaDa bhASA ke purAlekha adhika mAtrA meM khulakara isI samaya Ane lge| jIvana ke hara kSetra meM kannaDa bhASA kI unnatodAratA kI saMpuSTI karanevAle sAkSya milate haiN| karnATa yaha nAma jaise surakSA kI kuzalatA vyakta karane ke lie lokokti svarUpa hI upayoga meM liyA jAne lagA thA, jaise cAlukyoM ne apane dala kA nAma karnATabala rakhA thaa| paMDayoM ne apane sauhArdapUrNa saMbaMdha isa hada taka banAe rakhe the ki rAjA zaDaI (rAjA neDuMnaMjaDiyana ke dAdA) ko madhura karunAdhagana ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yaha ukti madanaMgAzraya buddhavarasa (650) kirtIvarma prathama (566-96) tathA pulakezi dvitIya (610-42) ke choTA bhAI kA smaraNa karAtI hai| kucha vyaktigata nAma jaise aMberA, buddavarasa, IrayappA, kokkuli, polakezi, rAhappA meM kannaDa kI khuzabU hai| vyaktigata nAma meM jo arasu parasarga lagatA hai yaha saMskRta rAjana kA draviDa zabda hai| aura noDuttA gelloma (arthAta jo dekhate hI jIta letA hai) tathA priyagallama kI upAdhi kannaDa ke khAsa zabda haiN| madanaMgAzraya yaha upAdhi bhI kannaDa ke kartA pratyaya ge se jur3A huA hai| anupalabdha kannaDa kA eka abhijAta mahAkAvya karnATakezvara kathA kA zIrSaka bhI usa pradeza tathA bhASA ko sUcita karatA hai| karnADezvara kathA meM pulakezI dvitIya ko kisI paurANika pAtra ke sAtha joDA gayA hai| isalie saMbhavataH ukta kAvya kA aitihAsika mahatva hai| ataH isa kAvya ke racanAkAra jaise ki pahale kahA gayA hai vidvAna kavi ravikIrti hai...isapara vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki ravikIrti ko ukta cAlukya vaMza paraMparA kI purI jAnakArI thI ataH aihoLe kA prasiddha zilAlekhalikhane ke bAda usane apanI lekhanI ukta kAvya ke lie calAI hogii| ___ pulakezi dvitIya kI bahU vijjIkA svayaM ko karnATaka-rAjapriyA kahA karatI thI aura rAjazekhara ne apane kAvya zAstra meM use karnATI kahA hai| isa prakAra karnATaka pradeza ko bhArata ke nakze para itanI prakharatA se rakhane tathA prasiddhI dilAne kA zreya cAlukyoM ko hI jAtA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #209
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya, | 165 vijaya bhaTTArikA ne darabArI nartaka parivAra ke ghara janma liyA thA aura apanI zikSA saMskRta meM prApta kI thI aura usane pAca aMko vAlA eka aitihAsika nATaka kaumudI mahotsava saMskRta meM likhA thaa| rAjazekhara ne apane kAvyazAstra meM likhA hai ki vijayA bhaTTArikA kI taraha vaidarbhI zailI meM itanI suMdaratA se kAvya racanA karane vAlA kAlidAsa ke bAda aura koI nhiiN| vastutaH usane karnATa sarasvati kI upAdhi arjita kI thii| ____ mahArASTra ke sAvaMtavADI prAMta ke nerura gA~va ke purAlekha se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vijaya bhaTTArikA usa pradeza kA prazAsana dekhA karatI thii| nartakiyoM kI jAti kI kaI mahatvapUrNa mahilAoM ne prArthanA gharoM ke lie udAratA se dAna kiyA thaa| suMdara tathA AkarSaka vinApoTi rAja nartakI ne prANavallabha kA ucca sthAna prApta kara liyA thaa| vaha, vijayAditya satyAzraya zrI pRthvI vallabha mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara bhaTTAraka kI premikA thii| use hara dhArmika saMskAra meM bhAga lene kA sammAna prApta thA jo kisI vivAhita strI ko prApta hotA hai| ataH yaha ullekhanIya bAta hai ki tatkAlIna purAlekhoM meM usakA ullekha vinApoTigaLa ke nAma se kiyA gayA hai| ukta nAma meM gaLa yaha AdarasUcaka bahuvacana rUpa hai jo usake ucca sAmAjika stara kA sUcaka hai| vaha apane samaya kI atyaMta amIra aMtaHpura bAlA thI jisane mukuTezvara maMdira ke lie 800 mattara bhUmi dAna meM dI thI jo sAmrAjya ke purAlekha meM sabase adhika dAna ke rUpa meM ullekhita hai, usane hiraNyagarbha, pAdukA tathA dhavala * chatra kA dAna diyA thaa| bijezvara kI calabbe tathA bAdI poddI jo ki tatkAlIna preyasI thI tathA loka hitaiSI bhI thI kA bhI ullekha hai jinhoMne udAratA pUrvaka dAna diyA thaa| __darabAriyoM, zikSitoM tathA uccavarga kI bhASA saMskRta thii| jise rAjamahala ke bhItara tathA bAhara adhika pasaMda kiyA jAtA jAtA thaa| jinhoMne purAlekhoM ko khudavAyA tathA likhA thA, ve cAraNa ubhaya bhASA vizArada (saMskRta tathA kannaDa) the| rAmAyaNa, arthazAstra tathA kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza meM prayukta zabda tathA uktiyA~ mahAkUTa ke stambha zAsana meM praveza kara gae the| purAlekhoM kI gadya zailI hameM bANa ke upanyAsa kAdaMbarI kI yAda dilAtI hai| tripadI chaMda meM likhe gae purAlekhoM meM kappe arabhaTTa kI abhUtapUrva vIratA tathA sadaguNoM kA varNana ekavacana tathA desI zailI meM hai| rAjA maMgalezvara kA mahAkUTa stambha tAmrapatra kI racanA saMskRta meM kI gaI thI jo ki ravikirti kI honI cAhie For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #210
166 ag af det digHit allapa Inscription of Kappe Arabhattan sistajana-priyam, (inscribed below the mushroom-like boulder) Badami For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #211
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 167 kiMtu usakA nirdhAraNa karane ke lie abhI bhI zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| lekhakoM ke kucha nAma jo kavi tathA lekhaka the unakA ullekha kavi-rAjamArga meM kiyA gayA hai ve isI kAla ke the| zrIvijaya, eka mahAna lekhaka, jo ki bAdAmI, paTTadakalla tathA puligere ke pradeza kA thA, aura ye pradeza isa sAmrAjya ke mahatvapUrNa zahara the| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se saMskRta ke purAlekha saMkhyA tathA guNavattA meM adhika ucca hai kiMtu adhikatara ve kannaDa lipi meM hI likhe gae haiN| gaMgoM kI taraha kaI cAlukyoM ke tAmrapatra tAmrapatra ke haiN| zilAlekhoM meM AlamapurI purAlekha siddhamAtrika lipi meM hai aura rAjA vinayAditya ke abhilekha nAgarI lipi meN| tathApi zAsakoM kI mAtRbhASA kannaDa thii| abataka pA~cavIM tathA lagabhaga nauvIM sadI meM racita kannaDa kavitAe~ prakAza meM AyI haiN| isake caraNa zailIgata vibhinnatA tathA bhinna-bhinna anuprAsa lie hue haiN| ve kaMda, vRtta, priyakara tathA tripadI chaMdoM meM racI gaI haiM, isake aMtima do chaMda desI haiN| vRtta chaMda meM likhi gaI kavitAe~, sAmAnyataH prasiddha karnATaka vRttoM meM likhI gaI haiM, sAtha hI abhijAta kAvya meM bhI isa priya vRtta kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| guMDalahaLLi purAlekha (760) ke kannaDa lekhaka divya bhASAkalana ke bAre meM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM hai| vijjikkA rAjakumAra caMdrAditya kI priyA ne kaumudI mahotsava nAmaka nATaka saMskRta meM likhaa| ye donoM ravikIrti ke paravartI sAhityakAra the| pUrvI kadaMboM ke kAla meM koI kannaDa kAvya kI racanA na hone ke kAraNa kannaDa kAvya ko phUlane phalane kA gaurava yA to gaMgoM ko yA cAlukyoM ko milatA hai yA phira isakA zreya eka mAtra bAdAmI zAsanakAla ko jAtA hai| ravikIrti- eka Adarza kavi saMskRta sAhitya meM gadya, padya tathA nATakoM meM utkRSTa sAhitya kI racanA pahale hI ho cukI thI / saMskRta sAhityakAroM ke lie yaha eka uttama kSaNa thA ki ve apanI sRjanAtmaka pratibhA ko parakha sakeM aura isake lie unake sAtha vAtAvaraNa bhI thaa| yaha eka aisA paridRzya thA ki ravikIrti eka suMdara rAjanItika itihAsa tathA sAhityika utkRSTatA meM pahalI tathA svaccha sA~sa kI taraha avatarita huA aura ekadama naye tathA bejoDa purAlekhiya kAvya kA agradUta bnaa| paravartI kannaDa kaviyoM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #212
168 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya ne apane rAjA ke rAjanaitika itihAsa ko abhilikhita karane hetu ravikirtI ke saMskRta tAmrapatra se hoDa lI thii| jinanaMdI, jaina dharmAnuyAyI siMha senApati ke putra ne pA~cavI sadI ke aMtima dazaka (I. sa. 485) meM kekeya citrasena mahokelA ke honnAvara patra kI racanA kI thii| kAvyagata utkRSTatA kasauTI hone ke kAraNa, eka prAcIna kavi hone ke nAte cAlukyoM ke darabArI kavi ravikIrti isa para kharA utarA tathA na kevala apane yuga kA jaina dharma matavAdI balki pUre karnATaka kA Adarza kavi thaa| guMDala hallI purAlekhiya sAkSya ke anusAra kannaDa bhASI kavi divya bhASAkalana I. sa. 760 kA thaa| isa prakAra vaha cAlukyoM kA aMtima kavi tathA rASTrakUToM kA prathama kavi ho sakatA hai| kiMtu usakI koI bhI. kRti jJAta nahIM hai| meguDI jaise vizAla jaina prArthanAgRha kA nirmAtA, atulanIya kSamatA kA rAjanetA ravikIrti sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI utanA hI mahAna thA jitanA eka mahAna jaina bhakta bhii| usakI racanA ke do uttama udAharaNa haiM eka meguDI kA prArthanAgRha tathA dUsarA ucca kAvyAtmakatA se paripUrNa saMskRta purAlekhA pulakezI kA vizvAsapAtra mitra rAjakavi ravikIrti kA gauravazAlI aihoLe kA zilAlekha, saMskRta kI abhijAta kRti hai| jisake dhArApravAha pada apratima hai| pulakezI tathA usake dAdA paradAdA, sAhasI tathA udAra the aura saphala yuddhoM ke mahAna vIrayoddhA the| lekina ravikIrti ke aihoLe prazasti purAlekha meM cAlukya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa sarakSita hai tathA unakI upalabdhiyA~ citroM meM varNita hai| aihoLe ke zilAlekha pulakezI dvitIya tathA usake pUrvajoM kA. anya pradezoM kA zoSaNa tathA unake sAhasI vijayoM kA jIvaMta smAraka hai| yaha purAlekha vizuddha saMskRta meM likhA gayA hai aura jo sAtavIM sadI ke kannaDatelagu akSaroM meM 19 paMktiyoM kA hai| jisase isake lekhaka ravikIrti ko saMskRta ke mahAna sAhityakAra kAlidAsa tathA bhAravI kI koTI meM lA khar3A kiyA aura phira yaha sabase prAcIna purAlekha hai jisameM kaliyuga kI tithi ko abhilikhita kiyA gayA hai, jo zaka yuga ke barAbara hai, arthAta kalikAla 3735= zaka 556 jo I. 634-35 ke barAbara hai| . janAnakhAne athavA ranivAsa kI kulIna mahilAeM rAjya tathA janatA ke kalyANa kA kAryabhAra saMbhAlatI thIjo mahilAe~ AvAsoM meM rahatI thIM ve janakalyANa meM bhAga letI thI tathA sAMskRtika kAryakrama ko protsAhana diyA karatI thii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #213
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 169 kazAyapAhuDa (saMskRta- kazyaprAbhRta) tathA chakkaMDAgama (saMskRta-SaTkhaMDAgama) kA jJAna, kA mUla prAcIna Agama sAhitya AgrAyaNiya ke dUsare parva meM hai jisameM karma para vizeSa vicAra kiyA gayA hai jisakA jaina darzana se saMbaMdha hai| vidvAna dharasenAcArya ne apanI abhilekhiya vidvatA, dakSiNa ke apane do aSTapailu ziSya puSpadaMta tathA bhUtabali ko sauMpI thI, jinhoMne badale meM sattaprArupaNa upanAma SaTkhaMDAgama kI racanA 6000 sutroM meM kI / puSpadaMta ne kevala prathama 177 sUtroM kI racanA kI aura zeSa 5823 sUtroM kI racanA AcArya bhUtabali ne kii| isI ke sAtha sAtha jaina paraMparA meM AnevAle kucha vidvAna jaina saMtoM ne bhI vidvattApUrNa bhASya likheN| ina bhASyakAroM meM se samaMtabhadra, zyAmakuMda, tuMbalUra, bappadeva tathA koMDakuMda Adi apane kAla ke prasiddha lekhaka the| hAlA~ki ye bhASya Aja vidyamAna nahIM hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki koMDakuMDa kI vyAkhyA kA nAma parikramA hogaa| Akhira sammAnita vIrasena tathA jinasena AcArya donoM ziSya aura AcArya jinhoMne vidyamAna dhavala tathA jayadhavala vyAkhyAoM kI racanA manipravala zailI meM kI hai, jo prAkRta tathA saMskRta ke mizraNa se banI hai| paMcastUpa anvaya ke tapasvI vIrasena ne I. sa. 816 meM dhavalA bhASya ko 72,000 graMthoM meM pUrNa kiyaa| yaha graMtha 36 akSaroM kI eka ikAI hai| Azcaryajanaka bAta yaha hai ki tapasvI vIrasena ne akele pUrNa kiyaa| eka anya graMtha kazAyapAhuDa kI racanA guNadhara ne kI jo isI prakAra kA thA aura utane hI mahatva kA thaa| (i.u. dvitIya sdii)| 233 grathoM kI yaha kRti krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA lobha, cAra kazAya, jo karmabaMdhana taka le jAte haiN| yati-vRSabha jaise AcArya tathA uccAraNAcArya Adi ne kazAyapAhuDa para bhASya kiyA kiMtu bAda meM AcArya vIrasena ne apanI zreSTha kRti dhavala para 72,000 graMthoM (akSara parimANa) meM bhASya likhane kA kAma pUrNa karane ke bAda kazAyapAhuDa para bRhata bhASya likhanA zuru kiyaa| (kazAyaprAbhRta-pejjadosa-pAhuDA) kiMtu vIrasena ne kevala 20,000 grathoM kI racanA kii| tathApi, usake pratibhAzAlI ziSya tathA lekhaka jinasena ne zeSa 40,000 grathoM meM 'jayadhavala' nAma se bhASya likhanA zuru kiyA tathA pUrNa bhI kiyaa| isa prakAra 'jayadhavala kula 60,000 graMtho kA hai| ___ chaThI sadI ke uttarArdha tathA AThavIM sadI pUrvArdha ke madhya jinhoMne tatvArtha-sUtra' tathA 'SaT-khaMDAgama' para jo bhASya likhe, ve lekhaka cAlakya pradeza ke nivAsI the| isa prAcIna sAhitya ke bhASya jo Aja upalabdha nahIM hai phira bhI isane nizcita rUpa se dakSiNa meM sAhitya ko eka garimA dI thii| ina lekhakoM ko Aja bhI yAda kiyA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #214
170 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya jAtA hai isalie nahIM ki ve dakSiNa ke the balki isalie bhI ki ye chaThI tathA AThavIM sadI ke madhya ke haiN| yaha vahI kAla hai jaba cAlukyoM ne dakSiNa pradeza para apanA zAsana kiyA thaa| vidvattA tathA vyavasthita abhivyakti se paripUrNa, prAcIna vidyamAna tathA jJAta kRti SaTkhaMDAgama ne apane samagra sAhitya meM Upara ullekhita sabhI lekhakoM ke bhASyoM ko sammilita kara liyA hai| ke.vI. sauMdara rAjana ne isa kAla ke jaina, vizeSakara jaina sAhitya para jora dete hue kahA hai ki, " kaI sAre upalabdha sAkSya yahI darzAte haiM ki cAlukya ke zAsana kAla meM jainadharma ke vikAsa atyadhika huaa| kadaMboM ne jainadharma ke kaI saMpradAyoM ko saMrakSaNa diyaa| jaise, zvetapa * mahAzramaNama saMgha (zvetAMbara), nigraMtha saMgha, yApAniyA saMgha, mUla saMgha, (digaMbara) tathA kUracaka sNgh| phira jainadharma cAlukyoM ke nae nagaroM meM cala par3A, isake sAkSya haiM, aihoLe kI jaina guphA ( meNabasadI) tathA bAdAmI guphA naMbara cAra, tathA aihoLe kA meguDI maMdira (e.DI 634) / isa kAla ke mahAna jaina matAdhikAriyoM ne jo mahAna kArya kiyA hai vaha hama taka pahu~ca pAyA hai| unameM se digaMbara zAkhA ke pUjyapAda devanaMdI (sI. e.DI 625-7675) kI kRti 'sarvArthasiddhI' vAcaka umAsvAti (I. cauthI-pA~cavIM sadI e.DI.) likhita 'tatvArtha-sUtra' kA bhASya hai| vAcaka umAsvAti zvetAMbara zAkhA ke eka saMpradAya uccairanAgara zAkhA ke the, jinakA saMskRta vyAkaraNa jise jaineMdra kahA jAtA thA, unakI bhautika rahasyavAda kI kAvyAtmaka kRti samAdhitaMtra aura kucha anya gahana dArzanika dRSTikoNa se likhIM gayIM kRtiyA~ jaise iSTopadeza Adi Ate haiN| eka anya kRti, ravisena ne vimalasUrI kA prAkRta meM likhA paumacariya saMskRta meM padmacaritra ke nAma se anudita kiyA" / ( e. DI 677-678) / yApanIyA saMgha ke saMta jathA siMhanaMdI ne sAtavIM sadI ke pUrvArdha meM prasiddha varAMgacarita likhaa| tiloyapaNNatti (saM. trilokaprajanapati) kI racanA bhI isI kAla meM huI saMbhavataH e. DI. 542 ke turaMta bAdA yApanIyA va kera kA mUlAcAra kA zreya bhI isa yuga ko jA sakatA hai| karnATaka meM isa kAla ke daurAna digaMbara jaina saMpradAya anya jaina saMpradAyoM se ucca stara para thaa| pracIna kiMtu jJAta kavayitri vijjikkA isI kAla kI thii| rAjakumAra caMdrAditya kI mahArAnI vijjikkA 'kAvyAdarza' ke raciyatA saMskRta AcArya daMNDI kI samakAlIna thii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #215
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 171 kannaDa kA keMdrIyasthAna karnATaka ke pure nakze ko nApane ke bAda apUrva tathA asAdhAraNa 'kavirAjamArga' ke lekhaka zrIvijaya (865) ne phira eka bAra yaha nizcita kiyA ki dakSiNa meM kAverI nadI tathA uttara meM godAvarI nadI ke madhya jo vizAla prAMta hai vaha kannaDanADu arthAta karnATaka hai aura isa prAMta ke cAra pramukha nagaroM ke madhya kA pradeza kannaDa bhASA kA keMdrIya sthAna thaa| jahA~ rAja zAsana dvArA pArita kannaDa bhASA bolI jAtI thii| svAbhAvikataH kSetra kI bhASA vidvAnoM kI bhASA bana gii| dilacaspa bAta yaha hai ki dakSiNa ke gaMga tathA rASTrakUTa vidvAna tathA uttara ke paravartI cAlukya kavi sajAtiya sAhityika muhAvaroM kA prayoga karateM the| bAda meM hoyasala yuga ke lekhakoM ne bhI isI mAnaka bhASA kA prayoga kiyaa| isa prakAra puligere kI bhASA yA phira saMkSepa meM kahanA ho to keMdrIya sthAna kI kannaDa bhASA jisameM kannaDa kI sugaMdha milatI, rAjanItika parivartana ke bAvajUda pA~ca sau varSoM taka sAhityika jagata meM isa kA prabhAva banA rhaa| zrIvijaya (865) ne kisuvoLAla , puligere, prasiddha mahAnagara kopaNa-nagara tathA bahuprazaMsita onakuMDA ke madhya kA prAMta rASTrakuTa sAmrAjya kA uttama tathA keMdra bhAga mAnA gayA hai, jahA~ kannaDa kI sugaMdha khilatI gii| yaha mahatvapUrNa nagara aihoLe, bAdAmI, ADUra, paralUra tathA hullI se bahuta dUra nahIM the| kannaDa bhASA jaina kavi tathA dArzanikoM ke kAraNa sAhitya kI abhijAtya bhASA ke rUpa meM phUlI phalI, jo ina mahAnagara ke sAhityika tathA sAMskRtika se juDe the| ye pramukha sthAna jaina sAMskRtika keMdra the| puligere, puligere ke prabhAga 300 (grAmANAM trizatairakhatA) kI rAjadhAnI thii| isa sthAna para vidyamAna Adhe se adhika purAlekha jainadharma se saMbaMdhita the tathA rAjagharAnoM dvArA jaina maMdiroM ko die gae udAra dAna ke bAre meM dila kholakara prazaMsA karate haiN| belavola 3000 kI rAjadhAnI aNNigere bhI utanI hI pracIna hai aura donoM pA~ca sau sAla purAnI hai aura ina dono zaharoM kI kahAnI chaThI sadI se zuru hotI hai| isa kSetra kI upajAu jamIna kA kucha aisA vaiziSTya hai ki jisase vaha mAnakakannaDa bhASA kA keMdra pradeza banA jisakA cunAva zrIvijaya, pampa tathA ranna Adi mahAkaviyoM ne kiyA thaa| __ durlabha saMyoga ke samAna, zrIvijaya (865) do sau sAloM ke bAda bhI ina mahAnagaroM ke bAre meM yahI kahatA hai ki ye mahAnagara usa vakta ke rASTrakUToM kA keMdrabiMdu thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #216
172 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya caukAnevAlI bAta yaha hai ki ye mahatvapUrNa mahAnagara tabataka rAjanItika-sAMskRtika gatividhiyoM kA keMdrabidu bane rahe haiM jabataka ki kalyANa ke cAlukya se alaga ho ge| isa prakAra bAdAmI ke zAsakoM ne ina keMdra sthAnoM ko cunA jo sagotra rAjAoM kA vaMza khatama hone taka keMdra meM bane rhe| ADUra ke abhilekha atyaMta mahatvapUrNa haiM kyoMki ye abhilekha AThavIM sadI meM pracalita prAcIna kannaDa kA namUnA peza karate haiN| ittora salippora, kiDippora Adi kriyAe~ dhyAna dene lAyaka haiN| avarte dharma tathA avardai pApaM. gurora, gurAva Adi parasarga vasudeva tathA prabhAcaMdra paravartI purAlekha ke gaurava ke vibhinna rUpa haiN| (Karnatak Inscriptions, Vol. 1. No. 3. p. 5. Adur Inscriptions). vidvAnoM kI eka pravRtti thI ki ve vyakti tathA saMsthAnoM ke nAmoM kA saMskRta rUpAMtaraNa kiyA karate the| jaise vijjikkA athavA vijayabha rikA, vijayakkA isa nAma kA saMskRta rUpAMtaraNa hai| bhAratIya yA desI bhASA meM upayukta nAmoM tathA sthAnoM ke nAmoM kA saMskRta rUpAMtaraNa karane kI isa pravRtti ke kAraNa kavayitrI vijayakkA vijjikkA nAma se abhilekhoM meM jAnI giiN| maMgalaarasa (maMgaLa rAjA) kA saMskRta nAma maMgaleza kA aksara prayoga hotA naz2ara AtA hai| kisuvoLAla tathA puligere kA saMskRta nAma bhI raktapura tathA vyAghrapurA hai| ___aNNigere ke banazaMkarI maMdira ke sAmane vAle ke stambha para bane purAlekha meM jebulagiri ke gAmuMDA kaliyammA dvArA banAe gae cediyA jaina maMdira kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura yaha purAlekha rAjA kIrtivarma dvitIya ke zAsanakAla kA hai jo usake zAsanakAla ke cha: sAla bAda kA hai| (751) rAjA kIrtivarma ke sammAna meM koMDIzurala kuppa ke dvArA banAe gae gosAsa zilpa banAne kA ullekha bhI purAlekhoM meM kiyA gayA hai| dizApAloM dvArA khudavAe gae purAlekhoM kI bhASA prAcIna kannaDa bhASA ke udAharaNa prastuta karatI hai jaise, AraneyA, nirisidA, liMgavAcaka pratyaya laMbe hue jaise aa| isI prakAra, mADisidAna kA prayoga prAcIna namUnA hai| banavAsI kadaMboM ke zAsanakAla ke daurAna prAkRta bhASA ne, sAhitya hI nahIM, saMskRta ke paryAya ke rUpa meM rAjabhASA kA sthAna paayaa| kadaMboM ke uttarAdhikArI vAtApI cAlukyoM ne prAkRta bhASA kA tiraskAra kiyA aura use dUsarA sthAna bhI nahIM diyaa| kiMtu cAlukyoM ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ke kAla meM prAkRta sAhitya phUlA phlaa| ataH bhASAgata utAra-caDhAva para vicAra karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #217
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 173 tatkAlIna yuga ke sAmAjika, dhArmika tathA rAjanItika paristhitiyoM kA adhyayana karane ke lie ye jaina purAlekha ullekhanIya hai| paraMparA ke anusAra inakA prAraMbha 'jina' ko AhavAna karane se hotA hai| vardhatAM vardhamAneMdora vardhamAna gaNodadheH zAsanaM nAzita riporabhAsuraM moha zAsanI (gokAka patra I 532- El. Vol. XXI No.pp. 289-92) vardhamAna kA naSTaprAya hotA ujvala zilAlekha, jo ki vardhamAnagaNa kA caMdramA hai jo apanA sAra vaibhava le gyaa| vistIrNa jJAna netreNa yaH pazyati jagata trayama sa jayati amarendranaH zAMtidasa-zAMtira iishvrH|| (1) svargApavarga saukhyAni dehino yena bhNjte| sadharmo jayati zreyAna satya nisstths-sdaa-arhtm|| (2) (hUlli patra, C.E. 600) zAMtinAtha jina apanI sarvajJa vyApaka netroM se tInoM jagata ko grahaNa karatA hai aura vaha zAzvata Izvara zAMti pradAna karatA hai| (1) ___ dharma, zAzvata siddhAnta tathA arhatoM kA vizvAsa, AdhyAtmika sadaguNoM tathA satya meM gaharI jar3eM jamA cukA hai| jisake abhyAsa se mAnavajAti svarga ke sukha tathA parama mukti ko prApta karatA hai| (2) jayata atizaya jinaira-bhAsurasura vaMditaH zrImAna jina patiH zrizThera-AdeH kartAdayo dyH| (SII. Vol. XX. No. 3 D. sa. 630 Puligere: KI. Vol. V No. 3 Gadag Dt. Shirahatti TK.) bhagavAna jina vijayI hoM, jo jina (mahAnatA) se damaka rahA hai, jise devatA praNAma kara rahe haiM, jo ki prathama sRjana kA sRjanakAra hai tathA jo karuNAkara hai| jayati bhagavAna- jineMdrovItajarA maraNa janmano ysy| jJAna samudrAMtaraggatam akhilana jagada aNtriipN-iv|| (El. Vol. VI. D. F. 634. Aihole inscription of Ravikirti) pavitra jina kI vijaya ho, jo vRddhatva, mRtyu tathA janma se pare hai, jisake jJAna ke sAgara meM sArA jagata eka dvIpa kI taraha samA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #218
174 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya ADUra kA zilAlekha mahAvIra ke AhvAna se prAraMbha hotA hai| yaha bAta dhyAna dene kI hai ki puligere tathA aihoLe ke purAlekha kA prAraMbha jina kI vaMdanA se hotA hai kiMtu usameM jina kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| jayati anekathA vizvaM vivurunnvnnaNshumaan-iv| zrI vardhamAna-devo nityaM padma prbodhnH|| __ (KI. Vol. I. No. 3. 75. Adur) vardhamAna kI vijaya ho, jisane isa vizva ko bahuvidha rUpa meM darzAyA, jisane roz2a sUrya ke samAna, kamala ko bhI khilA diyaa| jayati jagadeka bhAnuH syAdvAda gabhasti dIpitaM yena parasamaya tamira paTAla sAkSAtakRta sakala bhuvanenA vaha vijayI hai| vahI to eka mAtra isa jagata kA sUrya hai jisase syAdavAda kI kiraneM prakAzamAna ho uThIM, jisase sakala jagata ko virodhiyoM ke aMdhere se mukta kiyaa| jitama bhagavatA zrImaddharma tIrtha vidhAyinA vardhamAnena saMprApta siddhi saukhyAMamRtAtmanA lokAloka dvayAdhAraM vastu sthAsnucariznuvA saMvidhAloka zaktiH svAvyAdhunate yasya kevlaa|| (EC. Vol. II (R) No. 1. C. 600 D. 7. Shravanbelgola) divya pavitra mata kI sthApanA karane vAle vardhamAna ne vijaya prApta kI aura yaha mata AnaMdAmRta se samAviSTa thaa| aura yaha AnaMdAmRta unako paripUrNatA se prApta huA aura unakI yaha sarvajJatA to trailokya se samAvezita hai| * jaina purAlekhoM ke prArthanA zloka apratima kAvya racanA hai tathA jaina maMtroM ko samajhane ke mahatvapUrNa srota haiN| kucha logoM ne ina saMskRta padoM ko madhyakAla meM sunA thA jo prArthanA padoM ke rUpa meM lokapriya rahe hai| maMtroM ke samAna AdhyAtmika mahatva ke pada jaina bhaktisthala ke kRpA tathA jJAna kI nidhi hai| yaha jJAnanidhiyA~ janatA taka pahu~cAne ke lie racI gayI thii| ina prArthanAoM kI viSaya vastu bhakti aura karuNA hai| jaba kabhI loga rItibaddha tarIke se prArthanA ke lie ika hote haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #219
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 175 to inameM se kucha to turaMta gAye jAte haiM / ye zloka mana tathA hRdaya ko ekAkAra kara dete haiM aura divyatA ko grahaNa kara lete hai| (nAgarAjayya haMpa: 2003 : 16). ___ pA~cavI, chaThI tathA sAtavIM sadI ke prAcIna purAlekha saMskRta tathA kannaDa bhASA meM likhe gae aura ve bhASA vaijJAnika tathA sulekhana kA umadA udAharaNa prastuta karate haiN| ve jitane aitihAsika tathA dhArmika mahatva ke hai utane hI karnATaka ke vibhinna pradezoM meM jaina mata ke prasAra ke lie haiN| aura Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki pA~cavI tathA chaThI sadI meM purAlekhiya bhASA ke rUpa meM kannaDa ne na kevala prAkRta kA balki saMskRta kA bhI sthAna le liyaa| hAlA~ki saMskRta kA upayoga purAlekhoM meM hotA hI rahA, kiMtu kannaDa jainadharma ke purAlekha kI pramukha bhASA ho gii| . For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #220
Jinendra Bhavana , Aihole, 624 CE For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #221
adhyAya dasa upasaMhAra cAlukyoM ne I chaThI se AThavIM sadI taka dakSiNa meM zAsana kiyaa| unhoMne karnATaka ko apane senAbala, prazAsanika yogyatA tathA sAmAjikasAMskRtika yogadAna se prastuta kiyaa| prAcIna kile, guphA maMdira tathA purAlekhoM meM usakI prAcIna bhavyatA kA prakAza dikhAI detA hai| / bAdAmI cAlukyoM kA yuga dakSiNa meM, apane yuddha tathA zAMti meM apane samaya kA ullekhanIya yuga rahA hai| pUrva meM telagudesa tathA uttarapazcima ke lATa pradeza ko choDakara, unakI rAja zakti kA udaya tathA vikAsa do samudra ke madhya ke samasta bhUbhAga para vAstava meM eka svataMtra sAmrAjya ke rUpa meM ubhraa| cAlukyoM ne bAdAmI ke sAtha eka nae sAmrAjya kI sthApanA aura pulakezI ne harSavardhana ke viruddha apane sAmrAjya kA nirmANa aisA kiyA ki vaha apane sAmrAjya ko viMdhya taka hI sImita rkheN| banavAsI ke kadaMboM tathA gaMgoM se adhika cAlukya hI the ki jinhoMne uttara tathA dakSiNa ke paDosiyoM se kaI yuddha jiiteN| cAlukyoM ne do kSetra AdikadaMboM tathA AdigaMgoM ko eka hI zveta-chatra ke nIce lAne tathA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #222
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 177 dakSiNa kI sImAoM ko phailAne kA durlabha vaiziSTya arjita kiyaa| ataH kaI choTe moTe zAsana vizAla cAlukyoM ke sAmrAjya meM mila ge| ___ karnATaka ke durga kula cAra bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kie jA sakate haiM jaise jaladurga giridurga, vanadurga, tathA bhuumidurg| bAdAmI meM pAye jAnevAle durga giridurga kahalAte haiN| bAdAmI zahara ke bAhyavRta para jo do majabUta durga bane haiM ve uttara tathA dakSiNa meM acchI taraha se bane hue haiN| sAmAnyataH ina durgoM ko bAvana baMDe koTe (bAvana pattharoMvAlA durga) tathA raNamaMDala koTe (yuddhabhUmi durga) kahate haiN| do pahADiyoM ke madhya jo sarovara banA hai vaha bhI utanA hI prAcIna hai jitanA ki durga hai, bhale hI pahADI nA bhI ho| baDi baDi caTTAnoM para bane durga patthara se joDe gae haiN| jo dakSiNa meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| pulakezi prathama, durga ke prathama vAstukAra ne I. 543 meM pahADI kI DhalAna ke madhya bhAga meM banavAyA jisase isa durga ko jhUlate durga kA sauMdarya prApta huaa| bAda meM unake uttarAdhikArI rASTrakUToM ne bhI ina durgoM meM kucha na kucha joDA aura bddhaayaa| . bhAratIya kula ke cAlukya, apane aMdhakAra se jAga uThe, isake lie vIra jayasiMha (pulakezi prathama ke dAdA) ko dhanyavAda denA caahie| pulakezI prathama ke paradAdA jayasiMha, abhimanyu ke sAmaMta ne mAnapura ke rASTrakUToM kA sAmrAjya kRSNa ke putra iMdra ko parAjita kara chIna liyaa| deja mahArAja, kRSNa ke parapote aura saMbhavataH iMdra ke putra ne cAlukyoM ke Adhipatya ko sNbhaalaa| do sau sAla bAda itihAsa duharAyA gayA aura phira eka bAra rASTrakUToM ne apanA sAmrAjya pAyA aura kho bhI diyaa| pahale unhoMne apanA choTA sA pradeza kho diyA, kiMtu aba daMtidurga tathA usake putra ne punaH usa vizAla sAmrAjya ko pAyA, jaise ki mUla ke sAtha sUda bhI.pA liyA ho| isI ke sAtha, baDe tathA vidvAna uttArAdhikArI zAsakoM ne use eka rAjasI sAmrAjya banA diyA, jo eka hRSTa-puSTa sAmrAjya kI rIr3ha kI haDDI jaise the| yaha to sarvavidita hai ki kaI cAlukya purAlekha pramukha zAsakoM ke zAsanakAla ke daurAna kA haiN| karnATaka meM zaka varSa kA nAma ke sAtha prathama ullekha kA zreya pulakezI prathama ke bAdAmI ke caTTAna para likhe gae purAlekhoM ko jAtA hai, jisakI tithi hai zaka 465 (sII 543), jisameM rAjA dvArA vAtApI ke pahADI kI morcebaMdI kA ullekha kiyA gyaa| kahIM para devasenA ke hisse boralA purAlekha ko prAcIna mAnA gayA hai, vAkATaka pramukha, jisane zaka varSa kA ullekha zaka varSa 380 kiyA hai jo ki I. sa. 458 ke barAbara hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #223
178 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya abataka hama ne ina tathyoM kI jAnakArI prApta kI hai ki jina rAjavaMzoM ne karnATaka kA zAsana kiyA unameM se bAdAmI ke cAlukya zaktizAlI rAjavaMza thaa| unhoMne eka sazakta tathA kauzalapurNa rAjavaMza kA nirmANa kiyA jo do sau sAla taka ajeya bane rhe| cAlukyoM ne apanI senA ko saMpUrNa karnATaka kI phauja kA karNadhAra banAyA, jo ki nizcita hI buddhisaMgata thaa| kavi tathA purAlekha, pulakezI dvitIya ke zAsana kA saMdarbha dete haiM jo ki cakravartI kI saMkalpanA kA gaharA puTa hai| isIprakAra yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki ve karmaTha tathA samRddha karnATaka ke prAcIna zilpakAra the jinhoMne lokapriyatA ke dAlAna meM AlA khudvaayaa| kalA, zilpakalA tathA sAhitya cAlukyoM ke hI chata ke nIce phUlA phlaa| unhoMne apanA prabhutva sImApAra phailAyA, karnATaka kI saMskRti ko dakSiNa pUrva AziyA taka phailaayaa| kalyANa, veMgI, vemulavADa ke cAlukya pramukha stambha kI paravartI zAkhAe~ thiiN| __ anuvaMzika rAjataMtra tathA jeSTha putra ko hI uttarAdhikArI banAnA sarakAra kA pracalita rUpa thaa| jaba rAjagaddI ko koI uttarAdhikArI nahIM milatA taba kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM yaha adhikAra kisI yogya vyakti ko diyA jAtA hai| aise meM usa vyakti kI sakSamatA, yogyatA tathA caritra eka bahuta baDI kasauTI hotI hai| udAharaNArtha, vikramAditya prathama, bhale hI pA~ca bhAiyoM meM cauthe kramAMka kA thA kiMtu usane apanI kuzalatA, sakSamatA tathA bala ke kAraNa cAlukyoM kI rAjagaddI para apanA adhikAra paayaa| pulakezI dvitIya kA abhivAdana, dakSiNApatha-pRthviyAHsvAmI se kiyA jAtA thA, jisakI pUrNa upAdhi thI, satyAzraya-zrIpRthvI-vallabha-mahArAjAdhirAja-paramezvarabhaTTAraka, jisane eka cakravarti kI taraha karnATaka pradeza ko cakravarti kSetra kA keMdrIya pradeza banA diyaa| usake bAda karnATadesa kA samrATa, vallabha kI upAdhi se jAnA jAne lagA tathA zAhI senA karnATaka bala ke nAma se jAnI jAne lgii| isaprakAra karnATaka kA sAmrAjya banA rahA kevala rAjavaMza badalate gae aura ve karnATaka ke sAmrAjya para zAsana karate rhe| pulakezI dvitIya ke cale jAne ke bAda eka rAjanItika riktatA chAyI rhii| tathApi, karnATaka ke rAjanItika bhUgola para chAe bAdaloM ko dUra karane ke lie AtmavizvAsI vikramAditya phira ekabAra apanI zaktigrahaNa kara lI tAki ve cAlukyoM ke Adhipatya punarsthApita kara paayeN| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #224
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 179 apanA Adhipatya thAmakara usane kaI choTI choTI riyAsate cAlukyoM ke adhina laayii| koI bhI zAhI rAjavaMza rAjanItika bala kA apavAda nahIM hai| rASTrakUToM kI zakti, jo dina ba dina baDhatI jA rahI thI, aura ve do sau sAla ke lie ajeya aura abhedya bana gae, jaise ki yAdavoM meM kRSNa ke janma ke baad| cAlukya apanI parAjaya se ubarane ke lie ciMtita the aura unako do sau sAla ajJAtavAsa meM jAnA paDA tAki ve phira saMgrahita hokara apanA bala ikaTTA kara pratikAra kara skeN| hairAnI kI bAta hai ki rASTrakUTo ko kucalane tathA unapara Adhipatya karane ke lie unakI avyakta zAhI kSamatA ucita avasara Ate hI sAmane aayii| cAlukyoM ne eka vizAla pradeza, jo cAra mahAsAgara se baMdhA thA, kA adhipati banane kI zAhI AbhA arjita kI aura eka nae svarNima yuga ( dasavIM zatAbdI se bArahavIM zatAbdI taka) kA AraMbha kiyaa| . raNadhIra tathA raNarAga jaisI gauravazAlI upAdhiyoM ko cAlukyoM tathA sAMtaroM ne niyojita kiyaa| saMbhavataH tamilanADu ke pAMNa meM bhI isaprakAra kI padaviyoM ke zaukIna the, prAraMbha meM ve apanI nAmapaddhati meM isa prakAra ke vizeSaNoM kA istemAla kiyA karate the| hameM kucha nAma milate haiM, jaise zAdiyana koccadaiyana raNadhIra (794-800) arikesarI kA putra asamasama mArAvarma rnnraag| ____ cAlukyoM kA itihAsa purAtAtvikoM ko tatkAlIna rAjanItika, sAmAjikadhArmika paristhiti ke sAtha sAtha kalA, zilpakalA, tathA sAhitya ke itihAsa para anusaMdhAna karane ke lie suvidhA pradAna karatA hai| isa kAla ke daurAna, kucha vyaktigata nAma unake saMkSiptIkaraNa se bahuta lokapriya hue, jaise, somazekhara prathama kA putra vikramAditya vikkI ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| usI prakAra se vijayAditya kA putra vikramAditya bikkI nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| kIrtivarmana kA upanAma thA ka iarasa to kArtavIrya kA upanAma thA kattama athavA kttaa| __ cAlukyoM ne eka acche prazAsana tathA par3osiyoM se sauhArdapUrNa saMbaMdha sthApita kara usakA AnaMda liyA jo ki unake uttarAdhikAriyoM ne Adarza paraMparA ke rUpa meM paayaa| pratyeka mahatvapUrNa rAjA ke darabAra meM kavi- vidvAnoM kI niyukti karane meM cAlukya agraNI mAne jAte haiN| ravikIrti karnATaka kA prathama tathA sarvopari kavi thaa| cAlukyoM kA eka aura vaiziSTya kI apUrvatA kI sUcI meM eka aura bAta agara joDanI ho For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #225
180 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya to vaha yaha hai ki unhoMne pUrvada-paLagannaDa arthAta prAcIna kannaDa kI bhASA tathA sAhitya ko jIvanadAna diyaa| isa yuga kI sAmAjika- sAMskRtika saMracanA, eka vizAla samrAjya ke prAdezika stara ke choTe rAjAoM kI zAsanapraNAlI, tathA unake senA bala ke sAtha sthAnIya mAtahata Adeza ke yoddhA-pramukhoM ke dvArA cihnita kI jAtI hai| .. vAtApI cAlukyoM ne lokapriya paraMparA ke sthAnIya tathA buniyAdI tatvoM kI surakSA tathA saMrakSaNa kI jimmedArI uThAne meM apanA pUrA sahayoga diyaa| unhoMne tAlAba banavAne tathA godAna kI paddhati ko bahuta hI lokapriya bnaayaa| ziggAva ke purAlekhoM meM isa kAla meM caudaha tAlAba banavAe gae isa bAta kA ullekha milatA hai| jaisA ki kahIM ullekhita hai ki 300 beLavolA meM aNNigere, zAMtalige- zAsira meM hombuja, gaMgAvADI meM zravaNabeLagoLa tathA gaDikezvara, mallasamudra, aihoLe, paTTadakalla, bAdAmI tathA kopaNa cAlukya pradeza ke sabhI sthAnoM ko pramukha jaina keMdra sthApita karane tathA unako panapane ke lie saMrakSaNa prApta huaa| kIrtivarmana, vijayAditya, vinayAditya, tathA vikramAditya dvitiya ne jainadharma kA lalaka ke sAtha samarthana kiyaa| rAjakumArI kuMkuma mahAdevI tathA usakA pati rAjA citravAhana donoM udArabhAvanA ke the| saca hai ki kadaMboM ne jainadharma ko eka zAhI pratiSThA tathA garimA pradAna kii| hAlAMki, ise ucita hI kaha sakate haiM ki bAdAmI ke samrAToM ne jaina dharma kI rAjanItika prabhAvapUrNatA ko na kevala bar3hAyA hai balki usake sAmAjika paimAne meM usakI kulInatA ko saMvardhita kiyaa| jainoM kI sAmAjika - sAMskRtika tathA kalAgata kriyAkalApoM meM unakI bhAgIdArI kI gaharAI tathA AyAma tathA unakI niraMtara sahabhAgitA ko rikArDa kie gae sAkSoM se dRDhatA se tathA yathocita rUpa se nirmita kiyA gayA jisakA gaMbhIratA se vicAra karanA caahie| - sanAtana nIti tathA cAlukya zAsakoM kI bhAgIdArI aisI thI ki pradeza meM kahIM bhI, kisI bhI prakAra kA upadrava yA azAMti kI ghaTanAeM ghaTita nahIM huii| apane yuga ke raMga meM acchI taraha se raMge cAlukya rAjAoM ne apane yuga ke AdezoM kA vizvAsa ke sAtha anukaraNa kiyaa| ve apanI vacana baddhatA ke prati gauravAnvita the| zAsakoM kI sakriya bhAgIdArI ke kAraNa jainadharma cAlukya samAja meM kAphI gaharI jaDe jamA cukA thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #226
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 181 jaina muni apane sadguNoM tathA vidvattA ke lie jAne jAte hai aura unhoMne jaina saMgha ke khilane ke lie madhumakkhI kI taraha kAma kiyaa| zAhI parivAra, ziSTavarga tathA sAmAnya logoM para unakA prabhAva ullekhanIya hai| abataka jainadharma dRDhatA se sthApita ho gayA thaa| AdikadaMboM ne use apanA pUrA sahayoga diyaa| isa vAda ne spaSTatA se caityavAsI, caritra tathA raMga ko le liyaa| banavAsiyoM kadaMboM ne to jaina mata meM apane vizvAsa kI udghoSaNA kI thii| yasamina jineMdrapUjA pravartate tatra tatra deza privRddhihi| nagarANAM nirbhayatA taddeza svAminA corjA ( namo namaH) . (CKI:No. 24, C, 5 = I.sa, Halasi Plates) jahA~ jahA~ jineMdra kI pUjA hotI rahegI deza meM samRddhI hotI rhegii| nagara bhayamukta hoMge, aura una dezoM ke svAmI bala arjita karate rheNge| cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla ke daurAna, jainadharma ne prabhutva prApta kiyA aura zahara sakeMdraNa se grAmoM taka dRDhatA se phaila gyaa| isa kAla kI kaI jaina tathA usase saMbaMdhita maMdiroM kI pratimAe~ vividha jaina maMdiroM meM dekhI gii| pragatizIla ekAtmatA dvArA kalA tathA zilpakalA ko jo AkAra tathA rUpa diyA gayA vaha unake pUrvavartiyoM kI upalabdhiyA~ haiN| ... bhArata ke sAMskRtika vaibhava meM jaina zilpakalA tathA itihAsa kA yogadAna vicAraNIya hai sAtha hI usakA kramAnusAra adhyayana karanA bhI z2arUrI hai| hAthoM dvArA banAe gae zilpa tathA peMTiMga Adi ne jina tathA anya prazaMsanIya devatAoM ke lie banAe gae vizAla smArakoM kI zobhA baDhAI jaina kalA tathA sAhitya ne bAdAmI cAlukyoM ke kAla meM eka Thosa AkAra grahaNa kiyaa| usakA kSetra vizAla, usakA sauMdarya AkarSaNIya tathA usakA adhyayana jJAnavardhaka hai| agara saMkSepa meM kahanA ho to yaha kAla jaina vAstukalA kA mukkamala khajAnA hai| prabuddha cAlukyoM ke zAsana kAla ke daurAna vAstukalAgata gatizIlatA apane ucca zikhara para thii| purAlekhoM meM prasaMgAnusAra sabhI matoM tathA saMpradAyoM ke kaI maMdiroM ke nirmANa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kucha purAlekha to eka kadama Age jAkara For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #227
182 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya isa tathya ko pramANita karate haiM ki zAhI gharAnoM ke sadasya dharmanirapekSa the| kalA yA vAstukalA ke kSetra meM unakI zreSThatA ullekhanIya hai| sAmrAjya ke keMdrIya zahara aihoLe, bAdAmI tathA kisuvoLAla meM bane ca AnoM tathA patharile prArthanAgRha dharma tathA vAstukalA ke prati apanA samarpaNa hI pramANita karate haiN| ___ vAstava meM elorA kA ca Ana meM banA maMdira, jo ki rASTrakUToM kA vizAla smAraka hai, cAlukyoM ke bAdAmI meM bane maMdira kI preraNA se hI banA hai| yaha sthAna isalie bhI mahatvapUrNa hai kAraNa yahA~ tIna bhAratIya saMpradAya brAhmaNa, bauddha tathA nigraMthoM kA saMgama huaa| aihoLe jaina guphA, mIna basadI donoM ekAMta sthAnoM para sthita haiN| prAcIna smAraka hone ke kAraNa ina para vizeSa dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai| yaha eka adbhuta utkhanana hai, jAhira hai ki anaMta pUrvaviveka aura dhairya ke sAtha, eka Thosa madhyama-bar3I caTTAna, suniyojita aura kuzalatA se gar3he eka mAsTara zilpakAra kI kRti hai| caTTAnoM meM bane maMdira jinake keMdra meM eka bar3A sA dAlAna hai jahA~ daravAje ke mArga se pahu~cA jA sakatA hai, jisake Age caTTAna meM eka koTharI hai| usakI zailI eka sAtha maulika tathA jIvaMta hai| caTTAnagata vAstukalA paripakva hai aura jise navInatA se cihnita kiyA gayA hai aura agara koI usake vikAsa ke koI paDAva hai bhI to unako anurekhita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMbhava hai ki isa eka maMjilA caTTAna meM bane maMdira ne do maMjilA khaMDagiri tathA udayagirI kI guphA se preraNA lI ho| asAdhAraNatA kA jvalaMta aura utsAha kA udAharaNa mAnI jAnevAlI aihoLe caTTAna kI mUrtikalA kI parAkASThA elorA meM dikhAI detI hai, jahA~ mahAna zilpakAroM kA takanIkI kauzala tathA kalAtmaka utkRSTatA acchI taraha se dekhI jA sakatI cAra guphAoM kI zrRkhaMlA meM (eka se cAra naMbara) aMtima tathA cauthI guphA jo bAdAmI parvatapRSTha ke uttarI sire para hai, vaha pUrvImadhyakAla kI jaina zilpakalA tathA sthApatyakalA ke adhyayana meM atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hai| caTTAnoM ko kATakara banAe gae maMdira vizeSa rUpa se diMgabara anvaya ke haiM jo chaThI sadI ke aMtima do dazakoM ke ho sakate haiN|(eloraa kI jaina guphAoM ke do sau varSa puurv|) guNavattA tathA saMkhyA kI dRSTi se isa yuga kI kalA tathA zilpakalA ko ekamAtra jainoM kA yogadAna ekala tathA paryApta hai| saMkSepa meM, tatkAlIna jaina AkAziya citramAlA kI camaka damaka hamezA prerita karatI hai, hameM sAsaMrikatA se pare le jAtI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #228
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 183 hai| jaina paraMparA kI bauddhika tathA sAMsArika bhavyatA tathA dArzanika samaddhI kevala parizramI anuzAsapriya muniyoM tathA bhakta bhaktinoM taka hI sImita nahIM thii| isakA prabhAva jo anuzAsana kI anya zAkhAoM para paDA usa para vicAra honA Avazyaka hai| vizeSataH kalA tathA sthApatyakalA kA kSetra sauMdarya zilpa kI kauzala pUrNatA ke sAtha kAphI phUlA phalA aura jaina smArakoM kI atyaMta amUlya nidhi isI yuga se aayii| isa yuga meM kucha vizAla smAraka jo devatAoM tathA anya prazaMsanIya devatAoM ke lie banavAe gae the ve mUrtikalA kI bArikiyoM kA tozAkhAnA (khajAnA) hai| jaina vidvatA ko ucca zikhara para pahu~cAne ke lie sAhitya kA bhI kama yogadAna nahIM hai| yahA~ taka ki eka vihaMgama dRSTi hI jaina sthApatya kalA ke paridRzya kI kahAnI bayAna karane meM paryApta hai| isa pustaka meM usakI naz2Akata tathA cune hue citra prastuta kie gae haiN| . aihoLe kA meguDI maMdira jise pulakezi ke vidvAna kavi ne sI I 634-35 meM banavAyA thA vAtApI cAlukyoM kA sabase prAcIna maMdira hai aura agara usake zAsanakAla meM bAdAmI tathA aihoLe meM kucha maMdira meM banavAe bhI gae ho yA nizcita hI banavAe gae hoMge para hamAre pAsa isakA koI purAlekhiya sAkSya nahIM hai jisase hama unakI pahacAna kara ske| bAdAmI, paTTadakala, aihoLe tathA Alamapura jaise mahatvapUrNa keMdroM ke sabhI cAlukya maMdira kI rASTrakUToM tathA kalyANa cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla meM yA to marammata kI gaI yA to usameM kucha joDakara usakA navInikaraNa kiyA gayA, kabhI usake mUla kA anukaraNa kara yA phira Adhunika pravRtti ke anusAra use banavAyA gayA, isaprakAra mUla saMracanA meM kaI taraha ke badalAva aae| (Ramesh K.V: 1984:-97). meguDI, lADakhana, durgA, huccimalliguDI, jyotirliMga tathA gaLaganAtha masUha ke maMdira purAlekhoM meM rAmaliMgezvara tathA caraMtimaTha maMdira ke purAlekha isa bAta kA saMketa karate haiM ki maMdiroM ke purAlekhoM meM khudavAne kI paddhati isa yuga kI paraMparA bana gii| ekaM durlabha saMyoga kI taraha pulakezI dvitIya kI prAcIna tathA prasiddha purAlekha parAzakti ravikirti dvArA racA gayA thA jo cAlukyoM ke itihAsa ke lie eka upayogI AdhAra banA jo meguDI ke jinAlaya meM pAyA jAtA hai| ___ aMbikA eka mahatvapUrNa zAsanadevi jo khagoliya nivAsa meM usake siMhAsana para apane baccoM ka sAtha baiThI hai, jo ki dakSiNa kI sabase prAcIna devI hai| rAjya ke sudUra bhAgoM meM zailigata ghusapaiTha kI prakriyA meM prAdezika vividhatAoM ne apanI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #229
184 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya bhUmikA nibhAI hai| isI ke sAtha anya do prasiddha yakSIyA~ jvAlAmAlinI tathA padmAvatI kA padArpaNa bhI ullekhanIya hai| isIprakAra zyAma dharaNendra tathA sarvAhna yakSa bhI isI kAla meM Ate haiN| mUrti-bhaMjana sabaMdhI nirdhArita pratimAparaka mAnadaMDa ke sAtha sauMdaryagata utkRSTatA apane carama zikhara para pahU~cI thI jisakA sIdhA prabhAva paravarti jainoM kA (abhighaTana kalA) plAsTika kalA para par3A thA, jo ki samRddha tathA zAnadAra zilpa kauzala kA pramANa tathA cAlukyoM ke yuga kI kalAtmaka pratibhA hI hai| kalA ke itihAsa meM eka nayA adhyAya kholakara jainoM ke zilpakAra tathA utkRSTa zilpakalA kauzala tathA zAsanadevatA eka nae yuga ke prAraMbha ko hI darzAte haiM jisase videzI ghaTakoM ko sammilita karane tathA svadezI saMvedanA ko vyakta karane kA avasara milaa| bijavADa kI naTuMbA basadI veMgI cAlukyoM kA zAhI maMdira (paTTa jinAlaya) thaa| .. itihAsakAroM kI sthApanA hai ki jainoM kA Agamana tathA unakI saphalatA I.pU. cauthI tathA tIsarI sadI se prAraMbha huii| khAravela, kaliMga kA samrATa (I.pU. dUsarI sadI) tathA jainadharmaniSTha, ne taTIya pradeza orisA se AMdhra taka jainadharma ko lokapriya bnaayaa| isI ke sAtha sAtha bAdAmI cAlukyoM ne isa dharma kA pracAra prasAra kiyA tathA use aura majabUta bnaayaa| phira jainadharma ne pUrvI cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla ke daurAna meM pragati kii| anekAMtamata ko baDhAvA dene kA zreya,pUrvi cAlukyoM ko jAtA hai jinameM se kucha protsAhana tathA anunaya se jaina bane the| rAjA viSNuvardhana tRtiya kI rAnI ayyaNa mahAdevI ne zaka 684 meM musinikuMDa kA bijavADa meM sthita jaina maMdira naTuMba basadI kA navinIkaraNa, saMghAnvaya tathA kavarUri gaNa ke guru kAlibhadrAcArya dvArA kiyA / (Saletore-251) chata sajAvaTa ___ chata para bane zilpa kI apanI kucha vizeSatAeM haiM jo tatkAlina yuga kI sAmAnya tathA priya viSaya ke anurUpa haiN| isI ke sAtha sajAvaTI mUrtikalA kucha aisI vizeSatAoM ko bhI darzAti haiM jo vizeSarUpa se usa kSetra se saMbaMdhita hai jahA~ usa maMdira kA utkhanana kiyA gayA ho yA banavAyA gayA ho| aihoLe kI mInA basadI meM AyatAkAra vIthikA kI chata jo jamIna kI sataha se 10.43 0 2.63 mITara, U~cI Upara hai, samakAlIna yuga ke lokapriya AkRtiyoM se alaMkRta hai| yaha chateM mukhya rUpa se phUloM tathA anya sajAvaTI kalA se alaMkRta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #230
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 185 hai| eka suMdara AyAtAkAra caukhaTa ke keMdra meM tIna paMkhur3iyoM kI paMktiyoM se yukta vizAla khilA kamala hai aura jisake cAroM konoM meM cAra kamalapadaka bhI haiN| phUloM kA DijAina, machaliyoM kI joDI, makara tathA anya zubha vastuoM kI bunAvaTa kamala ke phUloM ke bIca ke sthAna ko AcchAdita karate haiN| keMdrIya kamala ke madhya bhAga kI kinAra meM gulAba kI nakkAzI hai| paravarti yuga meM DijAina saMracanA meM abhighaTanAtmakatA (plAsTisiTI) kI kamI rhii| aihoLe jaina guphA ke dvAramaNDapa kI chata meM pavitra svastika ko khudavAyA gayA thaa| jaina smAraka tathA murtiyoM kI kramAnusAra sAraNI1. ADUru - jineMdrabhavana- I.sa. 700 2. aihoLe jainaguphA- 580 jineMdra bhavana (meguDI) 634-35 do choTI guphAe~- 'sAtaMvIM sadI kA pUrvArdha aMbikA kI pratimA-635 jvAlAmAlinI tathA zyAma yakSa- pratimA sAtavIM sadI kA uttarArdha 3. aNNigerI- (aNNigere) cediyA- 751-52 4. bAdAmI- jaina guphA-590-95 5. bejavADa (Adhunika vijayavADA) neDuMbivasati sAtavIM sadI-pUrvArdha 6. bhAlki-tIrthaMkara pratimA- AThavIM sadI kA madhya aMbikA pratimA- AThavIM sadI kA parvArdha 7. gaDi kezavAra- arhata pArzva- sAtavIM sadI kA pUvArdha 8. kellipusUru- jinAlaya-sAtavIM sadI kA madhya 9. kiruva kere-(karaTageri), zAMtibhAgavata- 600 10. kisuvoLala (paTTadakalla)- jinabhavana- I.sa. 560 11. mallasamudra- jina pArzva-lagabhaga sAtavIM sadI 12. naMdagiri- jinAlaya- I.sa. 750 13. poMbuca- (humacA) bogAra basadI- AThavIM sadI kA pUrvArdha 14. puligere- ANesejjeya basadI- sAtavIM sadI dhavala jinAlaya- sAtavIM sadI kA pUrvArdha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #231
186 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya mokkara basadI- sAtavIM sadI kA pUrvArdha zaMkhavasati- chaThI sadI kA uttarArdha 15. talakADu- pArzva pratimA- sAtavIM sadI (isa yuga ke jaina keMdro kI sUcI) ADUru (gaMgI pAMDiyura) aihoLe (Ai- hole, Aryapolala) aNNigere (saM. anyataTAka) AsaMdilUra-AsaMdyalura( AsaMdihaLLi) bAdAmI (vAtApI) banavAsI (banavase, vanavAsI, vaijayaMtipurA)) bastipura (koLLegAla) bijavADa- AMdhra gaDikezavara- gulabargA jilA. kaLLavappu (saM. kaTavapra, zravaNabeLagoLa) kellaMgere kellipusUra (kelasUru jilA cAmarAjanagara)) kiruvaTTagere, (karaTagerI) kisuvoLala (saM. raktapura, paTTadakalla, paTTadakisuvolala) kopaNanagara (kopaNAdrI, koppaLLa) mallasamudra (baLLagere) narasiMharAjapura (siMhanagadde) palasige (saM. palAsikA, Adhunika halasI) paralUru (Adhunika haLLaru) bAgalakoTa jilA puligere (lakSmezvara) punnADu (punnATa) poMburacA (hoMbujA, humacA) aNNigere eka mahatvapUrNa nagara tathA cAlukyoM ke kAla se hI beLavola 300 kI rAjadhAnI thI aura rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM hI jAnA jAtA thA aura hoyasalA ke zAsanakAla taka vaha rAjadhAnI kA zahara hI banA rhaa| aNNigere, jagaha kA kannaDa nAma hai, jisakA saMskRta rUpa thA anyataTAka, jo nizcita hI mithyA nAma hai| . For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #232
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 187 purAlekha ke sAtha sAtha 751-52 ke AsapAsa kA sabase prAcIna rikArDa meM cediyA ? jaina maMdira ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai, jise jebulagiri ke pramukha vyakti kaliyammA dvArA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA, jAhira hai ki vaha aNNigere zahara kA eka bhAga thaa| abhilekhoM meM rAjA kirtivarma satyAzraya ke chaThe zAsanakAla kA ullekha hai| jisa staMbha para yaha purAlekha khudavAyA gayA hai Aja vaha banazaMkarI maMdira ke sAmane hai, jaina maMdira se saMbaMdhita hai| choTe stambha ke tIna cehare para jo purAlekha khudavAe gae haiM, Age koMDuzulara kuSpa (upanAma kIrtivarma gosAsI) dvArA banavAe gae mUrti ke sAmane sthApita kiyA gayA hai joki jAhira hai kaliyammA ke guru the| __pallava rAjA mahendravarmana prathama (600-30) yuddha aura zAMti meM eka jaise mahAna the, zaivamata meM jAne se pUrva jaina the, bAdAmI jaina guphA se prerita the, unhoMne maMDagapaTTa meM aise hI banavAne kA prayoga kiyA aura sittanavAzala meM jaina guphA banAne kI zuruvAta kI jo bAda meM paMcoM dvArA alaMkRta kI gii| aihoLe guphAoM kI vAstukalA pallavoM, paMdhoM tamilanADu ke coLoM tathA zAhI rASTrakUToM ke lie yogya maoNDala sAbita huii| . dakSiNa meM sAtavIM tathA nauvIM sadI ke madhya caTTAnoM meM banI guphAe~ tathA vizAla patthara kuzala zilpakAroM ke lakSya the aura ye zilpakAra Upara ullekhita zAhI sAmrAjyoM ke Azrita the| vyutpatti cAlukyoM ke nAma meM vividhatA hai, jaise caLaki, caLuki, cALikya, cAlukya, tathA aLukya jisameM aMtima nAma meM prathama vyaMjana gAyaba hai| cAlukyoM kA artha tathA vyatpatti rahasyapUrNa hI banI rhii| itihAsakAroM ne isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie kaI prakAra ke sujhAva die haiM aura vividha vyutpatiyA~ bhI dI haiN| vyutpatti kI durdazA isI dhUrI para ghUmati hai ki cAlukya. calUkya yaha zabda kisI draviDa mUla ke vyakti, varga, jAti, vastu kA hai| i.u. kI tIsarI sadI ke nAgArjunakoMDa ke purAlekha meM khaMdacaliki nAma kA vyakti AtA hai kiMtu usakA cAlukyoM ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra kA koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| tathApi, isa nAma para vicAra honA bhI Avazyaka hai| alaukika mUla, paurANika kahAniyA~ tathA kiMvadatiyA~ kevala atipavitra mUla ke sAtha zAhI gharAnoM kA niveza karane ke lie gaDhI gii| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #233
188 | bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya paToleme (Ptolemy-C150 I.sa.) ne apanI pustaka a Guide to Geography meM pahalI bAra bAdAmI kA ullekha Badiamaioi se kiyA thaa| tathApi, rAjA pulakezI prathama (sI.I 543) ke purAlekha meM vAtApI kA ullekha saMskRta meM kiyA gayA hai| kahIM kahIM kucha purAlekhoM meM bAdAmI kA bAdAvI tathA bAdAmI ke rUpa meM bhI ullekha milatA hai| hAlA~ki lekhaka bAdAvi kA prayoga yogya mAnatA hai phira bhI vaha bAdAmI tathA vAtApI kA istemAla kara sabake sAtha jAnA cAhatA hai| purAlekhoM meM anya jo bhinnatAe~ dikhAI detI haiM ve haiM- calikya, calukya, calukina, calukki,caLika,cuLaki,cALu tathA cluky| saMbhavataH jemsa bargara (1874) tathA henrI kajinsa (1926) ne rAjavaMza kA nAma iNgnvhA isaprakAra likhakara pracalita kiyA ho| isakI vyutpatti batAte samaya isakA saMbaMdha sallaki (beLavala) nAmaka vanaspati ke sAtha bhI joDane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA thA, jo usa kSetra meM pAyI jAtI thii| maiM yaha kahane kA sAhasa karanA hU~ ki cAhatA yaha pradeza beLavolA viSaya yA beLavolA pradeza ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai isakA kAraNa hai yahA~ kI yaha sallaki yA beLavala vnspti| ataH calukya tathA cAlukya zabda kI vyatpatti tathA usakA saMbaMdha sallakI se karanA ucita hogaa| isalie cAlukya kA artha hai / sallika vRkSa jahA~ hote hai usa pradeza ke log| ataH bilakula spaSTa hai ki cAlukya bhAratIya parivAra hai aura unake nAma kA saMbaMdha sallaki se hai| __jina vidvAnoM, itihAsakAroM tathA lekhakoM ne cAlukyoM para pustakeM, lekhAdi lekheM - hai unameM se kucha isa rAjavaMza ko pazcimI cAlukya mAnate haiM to kucha bAdamI yA vAtApI ke cAlukya mAnate haiN| cAlukya zabda kA bhinna bhinna prakAra se bhI prayoga kiyA gayA dikhAI detA hai jaise chalukya, chAlukya, calukya, cAlukya aadi| kavi ravikIrti ne isa rAjavaMza kA ullekha cAlukyanvaya ke rUpa meM kiyA hai ataH isako mAnaka mAnA jAnA caahie| vyaktigata nAma pulakezI ke bhI kaI bhinna rUpa purAlekhoM meM milate haiM, jaise- polekezi, polakezi, polikezi, polekesi, pulikezi, pulakezi, pulekezi aadi| cAlukya kA rAjakavi, maMtrI, senAdhyakSa ravikIrti ne apane adhipati ke lie polakezi zabda kA prayoga kiyaa| cAmarAja jile ke kerehaLLi purAlekha (zaka 827) meM saMskRta bhASA meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki, calukyavaMzaja mahA nRpati (ui. laLa (Dha) cAmarAjanagara 354. pR. 230 ,paMkti 47) paravarti cAlukyoM kA darabArI kavi nAgavarma ne (1042) (tathA kaI pustakoM kA lekhaka) kAvyAvalokana meM polakesivallabha kI vIragAthA ko darzAte hue eka pada likhA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #234
bAhubali tathA bAdAmI cAlukya | 189 isIprakAra ke samAnya logoM ke kucha samAna nAma jaise, polukezi, poleabbe, poleammAsa poleyaNNa tathA holeyammA Adi pUrvi madhyakAla ke purAlekha meM milate rAjA mahArAjAoM ke vyaktigata nAmoM para vicAra karate hue isa pustaka ke lekhaka ne polekezi zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA hai, jo ki ravikIrti tathA nAgavarma tathA zaka 827 ke purAlekha meM apanAyA gayA thaa| isa pustaka ke lekhaka ne apane pUrva ke vidvAnoM se sarvasammata hote hue pahelI ko sulajhAne ke lie prAmANika prayAsa kiyA hai aura apane prabaMdha ko bhASAvaijJAnika AdhAra para prastuta kiyA hai| cAlukya yaha zabda caluki tathA saluki kannaDa saMjJA kA saMskRta rUpAMtaraNa hai jisake bhinna rUpa hai, calaki yA salaki, jisakA artha hai, lohadaMDa yA choTI kudAli ?eka kRSi sAdhana yA aujaar| jAhira hai ki cAlukya, zabda kahIM bhI saMskRta se saMbaMdhita nahIM dikhtaa| isa rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka ko isa aujAra para nAmita kiyA gayA hogA aura usake sAtha AdarasUcaka appA pratyaya joDa diyA gayA hogaa| vyaktigata nAma jaise salekeppA, gudleppA Adi kannaDa bhASI logoM meM Ama hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to prAraMbha meM cAlukya kRSaka the bAda meM dhIre dhIre ve zAsaka parivAra ke U~ce stara para pahu~ca ge| ataH ve apravAsI nahIM the| isake viparita ve karnATaka ke nivAsI tathA bhAratIya hI the| vyaktigata nAma jaise biTTarasa, pUgavarma, polakizi tathA upAdhiyA~ jaise, noDuttA gelvoma (dekhate hI jIta lenA) priyagaLLA (priya kA) Adi unakA kannaDa bhASA tathA karnATaka se saMbaMdha nizcita karate haiN| puligere sthAna kA nAma saskRta rUpAMtaraNa pulikArA (nagara) ke rUpa meM kiyA gyaa| udAharaNa svarUpa, polakezina kA saMskRta rUpa hai pulikeshin| polA- holA , kesina (kRSaka) ina do zabdoM ko milAkara polakesina zabda banA jisakA artha hai kRSaka, kisaan| purAlekhoM kA sUkSmatA se nirIkSaNa karane para yaha bAta sAmane AtI hai ki pulikezina yaha zabda saMskRta abhilekhoM meM prAraMbhika ukti ke rUpa meM AtA hai aura polakezina kannaDa abhilekhoM meM praveza pA letA hai| isIprakAra, meguTi meguDI kA mithyAnAma hai, lekhaka meguDI zabda kA hI niraMtara prayoga karatA A rahA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #235

Page #236
BAHUBALI AND BADAMI CALUKYAS N CALUITAVAC NAGARAJAIAH HAMPA yaha pustaka cAlUkya yuga ke kucha achUte dRzya tathA kucha niSkarSa prastuta karatI hai| jaina dharma ke sUkSma starIya citra nae dRzya kholate haiN| zilAlekhiya tathA saMpoSaka / sAhityika DATA ke AdhAra para jaina dharma kA sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjanItika, / sAMskRtika tathA zilpagata sthAna tathA sthiti nirdhArita karane vAlI apanI taraha kI yaha pahalI tathA vyavasthita pustaka hai| isa pustaka meM jaina saMgha ko pUrA vistAra anuvAda milA hai evaM pradhAnatA prApta huI hai| pro. pratibhA mudaliyAra ANCIENT CAVE, BADAMI - Jein Education International For Personal & Private Use Only