Anekant 2003 Book 56 Ank 01 to 04

Author(s): Jaikumar Jain
Publisher: Veer Seva Mandir Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/538056/1

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56/1-2 - anekAnta - vIra sevA maMdira 21, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110002 -

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vIra sevA maMdira anekAnta .. kA traimAsika pravartaka : A. jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' isa aMka meM varSa 56.kiraNa-1-2 kahA~/kyA? janavarI-jUna 2003 1 adhyAtma-pada 2 mahimA svarUpa eva vyavahAra sampAdaka: hA prama sumana jaina udayapura 2 DaoN. jayakumAra jaina , samayamAra-tAtparyavRti eka cintana 261/3. paTela nagara - yAmakumAra jena 8 + jaina sAdhu kauma nAma - kauna bhAva | mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.) hA gajara kumAra bamala 20 phona : (0131) 2603730 5 AcArya viSeNa aura unakA paNpugaNa eka anucintana DaoN phulavanda jaina "pramI" 27 parAmarzadAtA : 6 harivazapugaNa para bhAdhArita racanAye paM. camacandra zAstrI DaoN mizacara jaina 38 1 DaoNkTara jagadIvAnA na khyaviratva aura kRtitva sasthA kI DaoN aSapacandra jaina "phaujadAra' 44 AjIvana sadasyatA 8 prathama zatAbdI meM jaina dharma kA vikAsa rajanIza zukla 54 1100/1 tatvArthasUtra meM pramANa-naya mImAsA DA jayakamAra jaina 69 vArSika zulka 10 kyA 'candrodaya' aura 'nyAyakumuvacandra' kA racayitA eka hai? 30/DaoN kamalazakumAra jaina dillI 85 11 jaina rahamyavAda isa aka kA mUlya DaoN zrImatI sUrajamukhI jaina 90 10/12 kavi nathamala kRta 'varzanasAra-bhASA' DaoN boramAgara jaina 97 sadasyo va maMdiroM ke 13 adhyAtma eva cikitsA vijJAna kI jugalabadI lie ni:zulka prAcArya nihAlavada jena 103 14 pAMca dazaka parva AcArya sarasAgarajI kI adhyakSatA me prakAzaka: sampanna tyAgI-vratI sammelana nirNayo kI sArthakatA DaoN rAjendrakumAra basala 109 bhAratabhUSaNa jaina, eDavokeTa 15 sukha aura zAnti kA mUla zAkAhAra -DaoN suSamA 113 mudraka : 16 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vivo - kuNDalapura | mAsTara prinTarsa-110032 prA (ddoN| rAjArAma jaina 12 | vizeSa sUcanA : vidvAn lekhaka apane vicAro ke lie svatantra hai| yaha Avazyaka nahI ki sampAdaka unake vicAro se sahamata ho| vIra sevA maMdira (jaina darzana zodha saMsthAna) 21, dariyAgaja, naI dillI-110002, dUrabhASa : 23250522 | sasthA ko dI gaI sahAyatA rAzi para dhArA 80-jI ke atargata Ayakara meM chUTa (raji Ara 1059162)

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adhyAtma-pada cita ciMta ke cideza kaba, azeSa para bmuu| dukhadA apAra vidhi-ducAra-kI camU dmuu|| cit.|| taji puNya-pApa thApa Apa, Apa meM rmuuN| kaba rAga-Aga zarma bAga dAghanI shmuuN|| cit.|| dRga-jJAna-bhAna taiM mithyA ajJAnatama dmuuN| kaba sarva jIva prANibhUta, sattva sauM chv|| cit.|| jala-mallalipta-kala sukala, suballa prin| dalake trisallamalla kaba, aTallapada pm|| cit.|| kaba dhyAya aja-amara ko phira na bhava vipina bhmuuN| jina dUra kaula 'daula' ko yaha hetu hauM nmuuN|| cit.||5 -kavivara daulatarAma

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ahiMsA : svarUpa evaM vyavahAra -DA. prema sumana jaina ahisA-saskRti pradhAna jainadharma me samatA, sarvabhUtadayA, saMyama jaise aneka zabda ahiMsA AcaraNa ke lie prayukta hai| vAstava meM jahAM bhI rAga-dveSamayI pravRtti dikhalAyI par3egI vahA hiMsA kisI na kisI rUpa meM upasthita ho jaaegii| sandeha, avizvAsa, virodha, krUratA aura ghRNA kA parihAra prema, udAratA aura sahAnubhUti ke binA sabhava nahI hai| prakRti aura mAnava donoM kI krUratAo kA nirAkaraNa sayama dvArA hI sabhava hai| isI kAraNa jainAcAryoM ne tIrtha kA vivecana karate hue kaSAyarahita nirmala saMyama kI pravRtti ko hI dharma kahA hai| yaha sayamarUpa ahisAdharma vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika donoM hI kSetroM me samatA aura zAnti sthApita kara sakatA hai| isa dharma kA AcaraNa karane para svArtha, vidveSa, sandeha aura avizvAsa ko kahI bhI sthAna nahI hai| vyakti aura samAja ke sambandho kA pariSkAra bhI saMyama yA ahiMsaka pravRttiyoM dvArA hI sabhava hai| kundakunda svAmI ne batAyA hai jaM NimmalaM sudhamma sammattaM saMjamaM tava nnaannN| taM titthaM jiNamagge havei jadi sNtibhaavenn|| -bo. pA., gA. 27 rAga-dveSa kA abhAvarUpa samatAcaraNa hI vyakti aura samUha ke mUlyo ko susthira rakha sakatA hai| AtmotthAna ke lie yaha jitanA Avazyaka hai, utanA hI jIvana aura jagata kI vibhinna samasyAo ke samAdhAna ke lie bhii| vargabheda, jAtibheda Adi vibhinna viSamatAoM meM samatva aura zAnti kA samAdhAna samatA yA samAcAra hI hai| mAnavIya mUlyoM meM jIvana ko niyaMtrita aura nItiyukta banAye rakhane kI kSamatA ekamAtra samatA yukta ahisAcaraNa meM hI hai| yuddha, vidveSa aura zatrutA se mAnava samAja kI rakSA karane ke hetu vidhAyaka zabda kA prayoga kare to vaha zabda samAcAra hai| kuTumba, samAja, zikSA, vyApAra, zAsana, sagaThana

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anekAnta-56/1-2 prabhRti meM jo maryAdA aura niyamoM kI pratiSThA karatA hai, mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA karatA hai aura prANi-jagat me sukhakalyANa kA prAdurbhAva karatA hai| mUlAcAra grantha me samAcAra kI mahattA ko batalAte hue likhA hai samadA samAcAro sammAcAro samo vA aacaaro| savvesiM sammANaM sAmAcAro du aacaaro|| -gA. 123 ataeva spaSTa hai ki apane deza kI gauravapUrNa paramparAoM ke anukUla vizva-zAnti ke lie samatAcAra ahisA kI sAdhanA atyAvazyaka hai| Aja kI parivartita hotI huI paristhitiyoM aura jIvana mUlyoM ke anusAra samAja aura samUha ke saMgharSa kI samApti kA eka mAtra upAya ahiMsAcaraNa hI hai| ___ ahimA ke viSaya me jaina saskRti paga-paga para sandeza detI huI agrasara hotI hai| jaina saskRti ke variSTha vidhAyako ke anta:karaNa meM samUce vizva ko hI nahIM. prANImAtra ko sukhI dekhane kI lAlasA thii| yaha unake anta:karaNa kI pukAra thii| gahana anubhRti kI abhivykti| yaha anubhUti zuddha prema kI anubhUti thI, rAgamukta prema kii| prema kA yahI rUpa sArvabhaumika hotA hai| yaha eka ke prati nahI, samasta ke prati hotA hai| tabhI prANImAtra kA spandana apanI AtmA meM sunAI par3atA hai| isa spandana me sukha bhI hotA hai, apAra du:kha bhii| aura tabhI usa apAra du:kha ke prati antaraMga kI gaharAiyo se karuNA phUTa par3atI hai| vyakti vizaMpa se nikalakara samaSTi ke rUpa me du:kha-nivAraNa kI bAta socane lagatA hai| yahI ahisA ke janma kI pRSThabhUmi hai| ___ahiMsA kI mUlabhAvanA prANimAtra ko jIne kA adhikAra pradAna karatI hai| apane liye jInA koI jIvana hai? vaha to eka mazInI jIvana hai| jo apane liye nahI jItA, vAstava meM vahI sabakA hokara jItA hai| jaina saskRti ke niyAmako kA hRdaya isI bhAvanA se anuprANita thA isalie unhoMne samaveta svara me kahA-saba jIva saMsAra me jInA cAhate haiN| maranA koI nahIM caahtaa| kyoMki eka gandagI ke kIr3e aura svarga ke adhipati-indra donoM ke hRdaya me jIvana kI AkAkSA aura mRtyu kA bhaya samAna hai| ata: sabako apanA jIvana pyArA hai|' isIlie sote-uThate, calate-phirate tathA choTe-bar3e pratyeka kArya ko karate hue

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anekAnta-56/1-2 yaha bhAvanA hara vyakti kI honI cAhie ki jaba merI AtmA sukha cAhatI hai to dUsaroM ko bhI sukha bhogane kA adhikAra hai| jaba mujhe duHkha pyArA nahIM hai to saMsAra ke anya jIvoM kA kahAM se pyArA hogA? ataH svAnubhUti ke AdhAra para hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM se hamezA bacakara rahanA caahie|' kitanI udAtta bhAvanA hai una mahAmAnavoM kii| mAnavatA yahA carmotkarSa para pahaMca jAtI hai| 'jiyo aura jIne do' yaha ahiMsA kA svarNima-sUtra usI sarvabhUtadayA kI bhAvanA se prasUta hai, jahA jIva ke sAre bheda samApta ho jAte haiN| anya saskRtiyo ke karuNA kI bhAvanA avazya hai, prasaMgavaza hiMsA virodhAtmaka upadeza bhI diye gaye hai, kintu unameM jainadharma kI isa udAratA kI mizAla pAnA kaThina hai| isIlie zAyada jIvadayA kI kriyA sabase zreSTha eva cintAmaNi ratna ke samAna phala dene vAlI mAnI gayI hai| tathA ahiMsA ke mAhAtmya se manuSya cirajIvI, saubhAgyazAlI, aizvaryavAn, sundara aura yazasvI hotA hai, yaha svIkRta kiyA gayA hai|' ahiMsA-svarUpa : ahisA kyA hai? isa prazna ko jainAcAryoM ne bar3I sUkSma aura sarala vidhi se samajhAyA hai| sarvaprathama unhone hiMsA kA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyaa| taduparAnta usase virata hone kI kriyA ko ahiMsA kA nAma diyaa| bAta ThIka bhI hai, jaba taka hama vastu ke svarUpa ko na samajha leM, usase sambhAvita hAni-lAbha se avagata na ho jAye taba taka use chor3ane/grahaNa karane kA prazna hI kahAM uThatA hai| hiMsA kA sarvAgaMpUrNa lakSaNa amRtacandrAcArya ke isa kathana meM nihita hai-kaSAya ke vazIbhUta hokara dravyarUpa yA bhAvarUpa prANo kA ghAta karanA hiMsA hai| yaha lakSaNa samantabhadrAcArya dvArA praNIta ahiMsANuvrata ke lakSaNa jaisA hI paripUrNa hai| sarvArthasiddhi eva tattvArtha-rAjArtika me isI kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA aura hiMsA kA jaisA varNana puruSArtha-siddhyupAya me hai vaisA pUrva yA uttara ke grantho meM nahIM milatA hai|' uparyukta hiMsA ke lakSaNa meM mana kI duSpravRtti para adhika jora diyA gayA hai| kyoMki antas kI kaluSatA hI hiMsA ko janma detI hai| isI bAta ko

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anekAnta-56/1-2 AcArya umAsvAmI ne isa kathana se spaSTa kiyA hai pramattayogAtprANavyaparopaNaM hiNsaa| pramAdavaza prANo ke ghAta karane ko hiMsA kahate haiN| pramatta zabda mana kI kaluSatA, ajJAnatA, asAvadhAnI ke artha meM hI prayukta huA hai| gRhastha jIvana me manuSya nAnA kriyAo kA pratipAdana karatA hai| kintu sabhI kriyAeM sAvadhAnI aura saMyama-pUrvaka nahIM hotii| aneka kAryoM ko karate hue mana meM kaSAyabhAva, kaTutA utpanna ho jAtI hai| isase AtmA kI nirmalatA dhudhalI par3a jAtI hai| bhAvanAo me vikAra utpanna ho jAte hai| inhIM duSpariNAmoM se yukta ho koI kArya karanA hiMsA hai| kyoki duSpariNAmI vyakti ke dvArA bhale dUsare prANiyo kA ghAta na ho lekina usakI AtmA kA ghAta svayameva ho jAtA hai| isI artha me vaha hisaka hai|| kyoMki kisI dUsare se kisI dUsare kA prANa-ghAta sambhava hI nahI hai| pa. AzAdharajI ne hisA kI vyAkhyA aura sarala zabdo meM kI hai| unakA kathana hai-saMkalpapUrvaka vyakti ko hiMsAtmaka kArya nahI karanA caahie| una saba kAryoM va sAdhanoM ko, jinase zarIra dvArA hiMsA, hisA kI preraNA va anumodana sambhava ho, yatnapUrvaka vyakti ko chor3a denA caahie| yadi vaha gRhastha jIvana me una kAryoM ko nahIM chor3a sakatA to use pratyeka kArya ko karate samaya satarka aura sAvadhAna rahanA caahie| devatA, atithi, mantra, auSadhi Adi ke nimitta tathA andhavizvAsa aura dharma ke nAma para saMkalpapUrvaka prANiyo kA ghAta nahIM karanA caahie| kyoMki ayatnAcAra pUrvaka kI gaI kriyA meM jIva mare yA na mare hiMsA ho hI jAtI hai| jabaki yatlAcAra se kArya kara rahe vyakti ko prANivadha ho jAne para bhI hiMsaka nahIM kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH hisA karane aura hiMsA ho jAne meM bahuta antara hai| niSkarSa yaha, saMkalpapUrvaka kiyA gayA prANiyoM kA ghAta hiMsA hai, aura unakI rakSA evaM bacAva karanA ahisaa|" ___ ahiMsA ke pratipAdana me jaina-sAhitya me bahuta kucha kahA gayA hai| isame pradhAnataH prANImAtra ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA nihita hai| anya dharma va saMskRtiyA ahiMsA kA ghoSa karatI huI bhI hiMsAtmaka kAryoM meM aneka bahAnoM se pravRtta

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anekAnta-56/1-2 dekhI jA sakatI hai| kintu jaina saMskRti jo kahatI hai, vahI vyavahAra me utArane kI koziza karatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai jainAcAryoM ne samaya kI gatividhi ko dekhate hue aneka vaidika anuSThAnoM va hisAtmaka kAryo kA virodha kiyA hai| yaha virodha jaina dharma meM sarvabhUtadayA kI bhAvanA kA hI pratiphala hai| __ahisA ko jainadharma meM vrata mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH hiMsAtmaka kAryoM se virata hone meM kaThinatA kA anubhava hone se hI ahiMsA ko vrata kaha diyA gayA hai, anyathA karuNA, ahisA to dainika kAryo eva sukhI-jIvana kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai-vaha mAnava kI svAbhAvika pariNati hai| use vrata mAnakara calanA usase dUra honA hai| ahisA to bhAvoM ko zakti hai| AtmA kI nirmalatA evaM ajJAna kA vinAza hai| koI bhI vyakti apane dainika jIvana meM acAnaka parivartana lAkara ahisA ko utpanna nahI kara sktaa| ahiMsA kA utpanna honA to AtmA meM parivartana hone ke sAtha hotA hai| AtmA ke parivartana kA artha hai, use pahicAna lenaa| yaha pahicAna hI nijako jAnanA hai, sAre vizva ko jAnanA hai| jaba vyakti isa avasthA para pahu~ca jAtA hai to samasta vizva ke jIvo ke du:kha kA spandana usakI AtmA meM hone lagatA hai| yaha karuNAmaya spandana hote hI hisA svaya tirohita ho jAtI hai| use haTAne ke lie koI alaga se yojanA nahI karanI pdd'tii| ahiMsA utpanna ho jAtI hai| hiMsA kI nivRtti aura ahiMsA ke prasAra ke lie jaina dharma meM gRhasthoM ko aneka vrata-niyamoM ko pAlana karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| pratyeka kArya ko sAvadhAnI pUrvaka karane evaM pratyeka vastu ko dekha-zodhakara upayoga meM lAne kA vidhAna gRhastha ke lie mAtra dhArmika hI nahIM vyAvahArika bhI hai|" jIvoM ke ghAta ke bhaya se jaina gRhastha aneka vyartha kI kriyAoM se mukti pA jAtA hai| pratyeka vastu ko dekhabhAla kara kAma meM lAne kI Adata DAlane se manuSya hisA se hI nahIM bacatA, kintu vaha bahuta-sI musIbatoM se baca jAtA hai| isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue AcAryoM ne anarthadaNDavratoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| rAtribhojana ke tyAga kA vidhAna bhI isI prasaMga meM hai| isa avalokana se spaSTa

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anekAnta-56/1-2 hai ki jaina dharma kI ahiMsA mAtra dhArmika na hokara vyAvahArika bhI hai| sandarbha / savve jIvA vi inchanti jIviu na mrijiu|. 2 amedhyamadhye kITasya, surendrasya suraalye| samAnA, jIvitAkAkSA sama mRtyubhyordvyoH|| -AcArya hemacandra. 3 savvesi jIviya piya - AcArAgasUtra 1-2 92-93 4 jaha mama na piya dukkha, jANiya evameva sbjiivaann| 5 svIkIya jIvita yaddhatsarvasya prANinai priym| taddhadetatparasyApi tato hisA prityjait|| - upAsakAdhyayana kalpa 24 zloka 292, padmapurANa parva 14 zloka 186 6 ekAjIvadayekatra paratra sakala: kriyaa| para phala tu pUrvatra kRsseshcintaamnniriv|| padmapurANa parva 14, zloka 361 7 AyuSmAnsubhagaH zrImAnsurUpaH kiirtimaannrH| ahisAvratamAhAtmyAdaikasmAdeva jaayte|| 362 / / -upAsakAdhyayana kalpa 26 4. yatkhalu kaSAyayogAtprANAnA drvybhaavruupaannaam| vyaparopaNastha karaNa sunizcitA bhavati sA hisA / / ___-puruSArthasiddhyupAya, zloka 43 9 upAsakAdhyayana sampAdaka kI prastAvanA, p| 68-69. 10 tatvArthasUtra 13 11 svayamevAtmanAtmAna hinastyAtmA prmaadvaan| pUrva prANyantarANA tu pazcAtsyAddhA na vA vdhH|| 12 samayasAra, gAthA 262 kI TIkA, 13 sAgAradharmAmRta, adhyAya 4, zloka 8910 14 devatAtithistyirtha mntrossdhibhyaayvaa| na hisyA: prANinaH sarve ahisAnAma sata vrtm|| sarANa. 15.112 -amitagati zrAvakAcAra pari 6. upAsakAdhyayana kalpa 2 15 marada va jiyadu va jIvo ayadAcArassa NicchidA hisaa| payadassa Nasthi bandho hisAmetteNa smidss|| 16. upAsakAdhyayana-kalpa 26, zloka 318 17. gRhakAryANi sarvANi dRSTipUtAni kaaryet| dravadravyANi sarvANi paTapUtAni yojyet|| - upAsakAdhyayana kalpa 26, zloka 321 18. nizAyAmazna heymhisaavrtvRddhye| mUlavratavizuddhayartha ymaarthprmaarthtH|| -sAgAradharmAmRta, zloka 241 -29, uttarI sundaravAsa udayapura-313001

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samayasAra-tAtparyavRtti : eka cintana -DaoN. zreyAMsakumAra jaina adhyAtma kI ajasra dhArA pravAhita karanevAlA zrImatkundakundAcArya praNIta "samayasAra'' Atmatattva prarUpaka granthoM meM sarvazreSTha hai| isakA maMgalAcaraNa karate hue graMthakAra ne "vocchAmi samayapAhuDamiNamo sudakevalI bhaNidaM" pratijJA vAkya likhA hai, jisake AdhAra para granthanAma 'samayapAhuDa' avagata hotA hai| prAkRta pAhuDaM kI saMskRta chAyA 'prAbhRtam' hai samaya + prAbhRtam dono zabdoM ke saMyoga se kRti saMjJA 'samayaprAbhRtam' huii| 'samayaprAbhRtam' saMjJA kI sArthakatA jAnane ke liye samaya aura prAbhRta donoM zabdo kI niruktiyAM apekSita haiN| 'samayate ekatvena yugapat jAnAtIti' isa nirukti ke anusAra samaya zabda kA artha "AtmA" niSpanna hotA hai| athavA 'samaekIbhAvena svaguNaparyAyAna gacchati' isa nirukti se samaya zabda kA artha samasta padArtho meM ghaTita hotA hai, kyoMki padArtha apane hI guNa paryAoM ko prApta hai| dUsarI vyutpatti 'samyak ayaH bodho yasya saH bhavati' samaya "AtmA" arthAt samIcIna bodha hotA hai jisakA, vaha samaya hai samaya zabda kA artha AtmA hai| AtmA hI jAnane vAlA hai aura isakA svabhAva sarva padArtho kA sattAtmaka bodha hai| svayaM kundakundAcAryadeva ne bhI nirmala AtmA ko samaya kahA hai| prAbhRta zabda kI vyutpatti 'prakarSaNa AsamantAd bhRtamiti prAbhRtam' arthAt prakarSarUpa se sabhI ora se bharA huA athavA prakRSTairAcAryairvidyAvittadvidAbhRtaM dhAritaM vyAkhyAtamAnItamitivA prAbhRtam vidyAdhanayukta mahAn AcAryo ke dvArA jo dhAraNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha hai praabhRt| prAbhRta kA artha zAstra hai| donoM zabdoM kA samAsa karane para artha hogA AtmA kA shaastr| AcArya jayasena ne 'prAbhRtaM sAraM sAraH zuddhAvasthA samayasyAtmanaH prAbhRtaM samayaprAbhRtam athavA samaya evaM prAbhRtam samayaprAbhRtam' likhakara AtmA kI zuddhAvasthA artha kiyA hai|' isa grantharAja para sarvaprathama AdhyAtmika jAgRti ke agradUta mahAkavIzvara

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anekAnta-56/1-2 viziSTa bhASAvid asAdhAraNa pratibhAzIla AcAryavarya zrI amRtacandrasUri ne daNDAnvaya prakriyA kA Azraya lekara AtmakhyAti nAmaka TIkA likhii| isakI bhASA samAsa bahula hai| dArzanika prakaraNoM ke kAraNa sAmAnyajanoM ke lie durUha ho gayI hai| isa TIkA meM 'samayasAra' ko nATaka kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| TIkAkAra ne nATakIya nirdezoM ko pUrA pUrA sthAna diyA hai| yathA pIThikA pariccheda ko pUrvara. kA gayA hai| kRti ko nATaka ke samAna 9 aMkoM (adhikAroM) meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai(1) jIvAjIva (2) karttAkarma (3) puNya (4) Asrava (5) saMvara (6) nirjarA (7) baMdha (8) mokSa (9) sarvavizuddha jnyaan| navama aMka ke aMta meM samApti sUcaka paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai 'iti zrI amRtacandrasUriviracitAyAM samayasAravyAkhyAmAtmakhyAtau sarvavizuddhajJAnaprarUpako nvmoddhH| navama aMka ke bAda nayoM kA sAmaJjasya upasthita karane ke lie syAdvAdAdhikAra tathA upAyopeyabhAvAdhikAra nAmaka do svataMtra pariziSTa joDa diye gaye haiN| yaha darzAne kA TIkAkAra kA prayAsa hai ki jIva ajIva Asrava Adi nATaka ke abhinetAoM kI bhUmikA nibhAye hue haiN| dvitIya aMka ke pazcAt anya aMkoM ke Arambha aura anta meM nATakIya zabda, jaise niSkrAntaH pravizati Adi kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| sAtha meM yatra-tatra saMskRta nATakoM meM prApta hone vAle anya zabdoM kA bhI sAmAnya rUpeNa upayoga hai| ___ AcAryavarya amRtacandrasUri ne samayasAra kI 415 gAthAoM para TIkA likhI hai| TIkA ke madhya gAthAoM ke sArabhUta viSayoM ko 278 kalaza kAvyoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai| kalaza kAvya atyanta rocaka evaM bhAvapUrNa haiN| kalaza kAvyoM ne hI TIkA ko mahattvapUrNa banA diyA aura svAdhyAyIjanoM kI abhiruci jagAyI hai| AcArya zrI amRtacandrasUri kA samyak rUpa se anugamana karate hue vilakSaNa pratibhAvAn siddhAntavid AcAryavarya zrI jayasena svAmI ne atyanta sarala aura subodha saMskRta meM sarvajana saMvedya tAtparyavRtti TIkA likhii| yaha TIkA zrImatkundakundAcArya ke bhAvoM ke udghATana meM pUrNa sahAyaka hai kyoMki jayasenAcArya AtmA ke zuddha

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10 anekAnta-56/1-2 svabhAva para manana karate hue cale haiM, kahIM kahIM pudgala se bhinnatA dikhAte hue aura kahIM kahIM karma, karmAsrava, karmabandha Adi svabhAva kA vivecana karate hue aura kahIM kahIM saMvara aura nirjarA kA upAya nidarzana se TIkA ne adhyAtma vidyA ke adhyetAoM ko viziSTa rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai| TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM AcArya zrI jayasena svAmI ko jo prasiddha milI hai, vaha adyAvadhi kisI ne bhI prApta nahIM kI kyoMki TIkA likhane kI inakI apanI viziSTa vidhi hai| inhoMne padakhaNDanAvidhi ko apanAyA hai| vastutaH TIkAkaraNa kI yahI vidhi zreSTha hai| isase mUla kI surakSA hotI hai| AcArya kundakunda svAmI ke mUla zabdoM kI saMrakSA meM inakI prAkRta zabdAnusArI TIkA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| inhoMne prAkRta vilakSaNatAoM para pAThakoM kA vizeSa dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai| TIkA meM surakSita mUla grantha pATha vividha bhAMti se mUlyavAn hai aura dIrghatara punarIkSaNa ke liye unakI kartavya niSThA vastutaH zreyaskara hai| AcArya zrI jayasena svAmI ne 439 gAthAoM para tAtparya vRtti TIkA likhI hai| samasta gAthAoM ko kundakunda svAmI racita hI mAnakara TIkA likhI hai| samayasAra ko dasa adhi kAroM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| AcArya amRtacandrasUri ne jIvAjIvAdhikAra ko eka hI mAnA hai, kintu AcArya jayasena ne isako do adhikAroM meM vibhakta kara TIkA kI hai jIvAdhi kA meM 43 gAthAe aura AjIvAdhikAra meM 30 gAthAeM haiN| isa prakAra eka adhikAra ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karane se AcArya amRtacandrasUri kI apekSA inhoMne eka adhyAya bar3hA diyaa| anta meM syAdvAda adhikAra rUpa se grantha samApti ke anantara jor3A hai| AcArya jayasena kI vizeSatA hai ki pratyeka adhikAra yA upa pariccheda ke prArambha meM inhoMne isa adhikAra kA vizleSaNa viSayavastuoM ke anusAra gAthAoM kI saMkhyA ko bhI upasthita kara diyaa| yathA-"prathamatastAvadaSTaviMzatigAthAparyantaM jIvAdhikAraH kthyte|" adhikAra ke anta meM " iti samayamAravyAkhyAyAM zuddhAtmAnubhUtilakSaNAyA tAtparyavRttau sthalasaptakena jo passadiappANamityAdi, saptaviMzatigAthAH tadanantaramupasaMhArasUtramekamiti samudAyenASTAviMzatigAthAbhirjIvAdhikAraH samAptaH / " pratyeka gAthA kA paricaya pIThikA ke dvArA diyA gayA hai| inake dvArA upasthApita

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anekAnta-56/1-2 11 pIThikA sAmAnya rUpa se gAthA meM varNita viSaya ko sphuTa karane meM samartha hotI hai| inakI pratyeka gAthA ko zabdazaH spaSTa karane kI zailI mahattvapUrNa hai| AcAryazrI amRtacandrasUri ne gAthA ko zabdazaH spaSTIkaraNa kI zailI ko nahIM apanAyA isaliye unake dvArA likhita 'AtmakhyAti' sarvasAmAnya ko viSayabodha kA mAdhyama nahIM bana skii| AcArya jayasena kA pUrNa prayAsa AcArya amRtacandrasUri dvArA prastuta viSaya kI sagati rakhane meM rahA hai| tathAhi (udAharaNArtha) pada ke mAdhyama se AcArya amRcandra svAmI ke mantavyo ko samanvita karate hue gAthA kI TIkA pUrNa karate haiN| sAtha me kabhI kabhI atrAha ziSyaH parihAram Aha Adi zabdoM ke sAtha navIna vivecanoM ko jor3a dete haiN| AcArya jayasena svAmI ne aneka sthaloM para AcArya amRtacandrasUri kA sannikaTa rUpa se anugamana bhI kiyA hai aura subodha rUpa se adhika bAra unakA nirdeza bhI kiyA hai| jaisA AcArya amRtacandrasUri ne "suddho suddhodeso NAyavvo" ityAdi gAthA kI TIkA meM likhA hai "ye khalu paryantapAkottIrNa jAtyakArtasvarasthAnIyaM parama bhAvamanubhavanti, teSAM prathamadvitIyAdyane - kapAkaparamparapacyamAnakArtasvarAnubhavasthAnIyaparamatApAnubhavazUnyatvAcchuddhadravyAdazatayA samudyotitAskhalitaikasvabhAvaikabhAvaH zuddhanaya evoparitanaikaprativarNikA sthAnIyatvAtparijJAyamAnaH pryojnvaan|' arthAt jo puruSa antima pAka se utare hue zuddha sone ke samAna vastu ke utkRSTa asAdhAraNa bhAva kA anubhava karate haiM, unako prathama dvitIya Adi aneka pAkoM kI paramparA se pacyamAna (pakAye jAte hue) azuddha svarNa ke samAna aparamabhAva kA arthAt anutkRSTa madhyama bhAva kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| isa kAraNa zuddha dravya kA hI kahane vAlA hone se jisane acalita akhaNDa eka svabhAvarUpa eka bhAva prakaTa kiyA hai, aisA zuddhanaya hI uparitana eka zuddha suvarNAvasthA ke samAna jAnA huA prayojanavAna hai, parantu jo puruSa prathama dvitIya Adi aneka pAkoM kI paramparA se pacyamAna azuddha svarNa ke samAna vastu ke anutkRSTa madhyaya bhAva kA anubhava karate hai unako antima pAka se utare hue zuddha suvarNa ke samAna vastu ke utkRSTa bhAva kA anubhava na hone se usa kAla meM jAnA huA vyavahAranaya hI prayojanavAn hai| ukta kathana se paramazuddhabhAva kA anubhava kSINamohI muni ke ghaTita hotA

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anekAnta-56/1-2 hai| usase pUrva sabhI azuddhabhAva meM hI haiN| zreNI meM buddhipUrvaka rAga kA abhAva hone se zuddhopayogI muni ke bhI kathaJcit paramabhAva kA anubhava kahA jA sakatA parantu chaThe sAtave guNasthAna taka to zubhopayoga hI hai ataH yahA~ taka to paramabhAva kA anubhava hai hI nhiiN| AcArya jayasena svAmI ne ise sarala rUpa se prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki zuddha nizcayanaya zuddhatA ko prApta hue AtmadarziyoM ke dvArA jAnane/anubhava karane yogya hai kyoMki vaha solahavAnI svarNa ke samAna abhedaratnatrayasvarUpa samAdhikAla meM prayojanavAn hai| samAdhi rahita azuddhAvasthA vAloM ko vyavahAranaya prayojanavAn hai jo loga azuddharUpa zubhopayoga meM jo ki asaMyatasamyagdRSTi athavA zrAvaka kI apekSA to sarAgasamyagdRSTi lakSyavAlA hai aura pramatta apramattasayata kI apekSA bhedaratnatraya lakSaNa vAlA hai| ataH inake vyavahAra prayojanIbhUta hai| Age 179,180 gAthAoM kI TIkA me AcArya zrI amRtacandrasUri ne kahA hai ki jaba yaha jJAnI jIva zuddhanaya se cyuta ho jAtA hai taka usake pUrva baddha pratyaya pudgala karmo se baMdha karA dete haiN| inakI TIkA karate hue AcArya jayasena ne kahA hai ki jaba taka jJAnI jIva kI bhI paramasamAdhi kA anuSThAna nahI ho pAtA hai, taba taka vaha bhI zuddhAtmA ke svarUpa ko dekhane meM jAnane me aura vahA~ sthira rahane meM asamartha hotA hai| samayasAra tAtparyavRtti meM mukhya rUpa se jJAnI samyagdRSTi saptama Adi apramatta guNasthAnoM meM mAnA hai kintu jahmA du jahaNNAdo NANaguNAdo puNo vi prinnmdi| aNNattaM NANaguNo teNa du so abaMdhago bhnnido|| samayasAra 179 / / AtmA kA jJAna guNa jaba taka jaghanya avasthA meM rahatA hai arthAt spaSTatayA yathAkhyAta dahana ko prApta nahIM hotA taba taka antarmuhUrta ke pazcAt anyapane ko (nirvikalpatA se savikalpatA) prApta hotA rahatA hai, isaliye usa samaya vaha navIna bandha karane vAlA bhI hotA hai| isa gAthA kI TIkA meM AcArya jayasena svAmI ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki mithyAdRSTi ke jJAna guNa se kAlalabdhi ke dvArA samyaktva prApta hone para vaha

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anekAnta-56/1-2 jJAna mithyApane ko tyAga kara samyagjJAnapane ko prApta kara letA hai isaliye vaha jJAnaguNa athavA jJAnaguNa ke svarUpa meM pariNata jIva abandhaka kahA jAtA hai isa kathana ke AdhAra para paNDita jaganmohana lAla jI ne aviratasamyagdRSTi ko bhI jJAnI aura abandhaka svIkAra kiyA hai| 1 samayasAra kI gAthAoM meM jahA~ bhI samyagdRSTi athavA jJAnI pada AtA hai vahA~ tAtparyavRtti meM to vItarAgasamyagdRSTi ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai prAyaH AcArya zrI amRtacandrasUri ne bhI vItarAgasamyagdRSTi artha grahaNa kiyA hai jaise-'Natthi du Asavabandho sammAdiTTissa aasvnniroho|' arthAt samyagdRSTi ke Asrava baMdha nahIM hai, pratyuta Amrava kA nirodha hai| Asrava kA nirAdha rAga dveSa moha se rahita jIva ko hI saMbhava hai ata: donoM hI AcAryo ko vastutaH samayasAra meM vItarAga samyagdRSTi iSTa hai| ukta 179 naM. kI gAthA kA vizeSArtha likhakara AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI ne yayArthatA ko upasthita kiyA hai ve likhate haiM-"jJAna zabda kA artha do prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai eka to yathAvasthita tamartha jAnAtIti jJAnam, dUsarA AtmAnaM jAnAti anubhavatIti jnyaanm| dvitIya artha ke anusAra tamartha to samAdhikAla meM jJAna jaba taka anubhava karatA rahatA hai, taba taka vaha jJAna kahA jA sakatA hai| dhyAna samAdhi se jahA~ cyuta huA ki vaha ajJAna koTi me A jAtA hai aura bandha bhI karane laga jAtA hai| tAtparyavRtti aura AtmakhyAti donoM hI TIkAo ke anusAra caturtha guNasthAnavI jIva kA jJAna bhI isa jJAna zabda se liyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki vaha bhI jIvAdi nava padArtho kA yathArthajJAna rakhatA hai kintu isa artha ke anusAra gAthA kA jo artha yahA~ liyA gayA hai, vaha kucha khIMca kara liyA huA sA pratIta hotA hai jisakA samarthana AtmakhyAti aura tAtparyavRtti ke anya sthAnoM se nahIM hotA hai| svayaM jayasenAcArya ne sthAna sthAna para yahI likhakara batAyA hai ki isa grantha me jo varNana hai, vaha gRhastha samyagdRSTi ko lekara nahIM kintu vItarAga (tyAgI) samyagdRSTi ko lekara kiyA hai| isa prakaraNa me jayasenAcArya ke zabdoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai- "atra granthe vastuvRttyA vItarAgasamyAdRSTergrahaNaM yastu caturthaguNasthAnavartI sarAgasamyagdRSTistasya gauNavRttyA grahaNam' arthAt isa grantha meM vAstava meM vItarAgasamyagdRSTi kA grahaNa hai, caturthaguNasthAnavartI sarAgasamyagdRSTi kA grahaNa to gauNa rUpa se tathA mithyAdRSTi

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14 anekAnta-56/1-2 kI apekSA aviratasamyagdRSTi ke bhI anantAnubandhI kaSAyacatuSka aura mithyAtva janita rAgAdi nahIM hai ataH utane aMza meM usake bhI nirjarA hai|' Age kahA hai-"atra tu granthe paJcamaguNasthAnAduparitanaguNasthAnavartinAM vItarAgasamyagdRSTInAM mukhyavRttyA grahaNaM sarAgasamyagdRSTInAM gauNavRtyeti vyAkhyAnaM samyagdRSTivyAkhyAnakAle sarvatra tAtparyeNa jJAtavyam" isa grantha meM paJcama guNasthAna se Upara ke guNasthAna vAle vItarAgasamyagdRSTiyo kA hI mukhya rUpa se grahaNa hai, sarAgasamyagdRSTiyoM kA to gauNa rUpa se grahaNa hai samyagdRSTi ke vyAkhyAna ke samaya sarvatra aisA hI tAtparya samajhanA caahie| ukta kathanoM ke AdhAra para hI DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye jaise manISI ne yahA~ taka likhA hai "samayasAra ko gRhastho dvArA par3hA jAnA taka varjita hai, kyoMki grantha meM bhedavijJAna jaise AdhyAtmika prakaraNa mukhyataH carcita kiye gaye hai, vivecana zuddha nizcayanaya se kiyA gayA hai aura vyavahAranaya ko mAtra sabhAvanAo ke sudhAra hetu likhA hai| aMtata: nizcayanaya me diye gaye AdhyAtmika kathana una gRhasthoM ko sAmAjika aura naitika rUpa se hAnikAraka ho sakate hai, jo AdhyAtmika anuzAsana se prAyaH pUrNata:zUnya hai|'' AcArya jayasena svAmI ne samayasAra gAthAo me varNita samyagdRSTi ko vItarAgacAritra vAlA muni hI svIkAra kiyA hai| tAtparyavRtti meM guNasthAna vivakSA kI pradhAnatA hai kintu AcArya amRtacandrasUri kI kahIM bhI upekSA na kara unhIM kA anugamana karate hue prAyaH jayasenAcArya likhate haiN| samayasAra gAthA saMkhyA 306 307 kI TIkA meM zrI amRtacandrasUri ne apratikramaNa Adi ko amRtakumbha kahA hai, so tRtIya bhUmi meM arthAt zuddhopayoga meM kahA hai-"tRtIyabhUmistu svayaM zuddhAtmasiddhirUpatvena'' arthAt apratikramaNa-pratikramaNa se pare jo apratikramaNarUpa tRtIya bhUmi hai, vaha svayaM zuddhAtmA kI siddhirUpa hai| - isI prakaraNa meM jayasenAcArya kA kathana bhI dRSTavya hai "sarAgacAritra lakSaNa zubhopayoga kI apekSA se ye hI nizcaya pratikramaNa, nizcaya pratisaraNa Adi kahalAyeMge kyoMki pratikramaNa Adi zubhopayoga haiN| ye saba savikalpa avasthA meM amRtakumbha haiM kintu paramapekSAsaMyamarUpa nirvikalpa avasthA kI apekSA

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anekAnta-56/1-2 15 viSakumbha haiN| vahA~ to apratikramaNa arthAt nizcaya pratikramaNa Adi hI amRtakumbha haiN|" jayasenAcArya amRtacandrAcArya kA anusaraNa prAyaH avazya karate haiM kintu jahA~ bhI AtmakhyAti meM tattva kA sAmAnya pratipAdana huA hai, vahA~ usakA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa AcArya jayasena ne avazya kiyA hai| pAtra kI dRSTi se bhI kathana karake TIkA pratyeka adhyetA ko grAhya banA dI hai| tAtparyavRtti meM jIva ke bhAvo kI viziSTatA kA samyak prakAreNa citraNa kiyA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne adhyavasAna bhAva rahita muni hI ko zubha azubha karmo ke bandha se bacAyA hai| ise jayasena svAmI ne kiJca vistaraH likhakara spaSTa kiyA hai-"jisa samaya isa jIva ko zuddhAtmA kA samIcIna rUpa zraddhAna, jJAna aura anuSThAna svarUpa nizcaya ratnatraya hI hai lakSaNa jisakA aisA bhedavijJAna nahI hotA hai, to usa samaya vaha jIva "maiM ina jIvoM ko mAratA hU~" ityAdi rUpa se hisA ke adhyavasAna ko "maiM nAraka hU~" ityAdi karmodaya ke adhyavasAna ko "yaha dharmAstikAya hai'' ityAdirUpa se jJeya padArtha ke adhyavasAna ko jAnatA hai| taba usa samaya vaha usa hisA adhyavasAnarUpa vikalpa ke sAtha apane Apako abhedarUpa jAnatA huA vaise hI zraddhAna karatA hai, jAnatA hai aura vaise hI AcaraNa karatA hai isalie mithyAdRSTi hotA hai aura mithyAcAritrI bhI hotA hai| isIlie usake karmabandha hotA hai| vaha samyagdRSTi hotA hai, samyagjJAnI hotA hai aura samyakcAritravAn hotA hai, usa samaya karma kA bandha nahIM hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke kathana "jaba taka yaha chadmastha jIva bAhya vastuoM ke saMbandha meM saMkalpa vikalpa karatA hai, taba taka usake hRdaya meM AtmA ke viSaya kA jJAna nahI hotA hai ataH tabhI taka vaha jIva zubha aura azubha jAti ke karma bhI karatA hai| anantajJAna sampanna AtmA ko zubhAzubha pravRtti vAlA nahIM jAna sakatA hai| jo Atmopalabdhi vAlA hai, vahI samyagdRSTi hai AcArya jJAnasAgara pAtra vivakSA se samyagdarzana kA kitanA spaSTa varNana karate hai "AcArya zrI ne yahA Atmopalabdhi kI bAta kahI hai'' vaha Atmopalabdhi tIna prakAra kI hai

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anekAnta-56/1-2 (1) Agamika Atmopalabdhi (2) mAnasika Atmopalabdhi (3) kevlaatmoplbdhi| guru kI vANI meM AtmA kA svarUpa sunakara usa para vizvAsa le AnA yaha Agamika Atmopalabdhi hai| AtmA ke zuddha-svarUpa ko mana se svIkAra karanA arthAt mana ko tadanukUla pariNamA lenA yaha mAnasika Atmopalabdhi hai| (3) kevala jJAna ho jAne para pratyakSarUpa se AtmA kI prApti yaha kevalAtmopalabdhi hai| unameM se kevalAtmopalabdhi kI bAta to apUrva hai, vaha to pariNAma svarUpa evaM dhyeya rUpa hai hI, parantu yahA~ zeSa AtmopalabdhiyoM meM se mAnasika Atmopalabdhi kI bAta hai, jahA~ para zraddhA ke sAtha AcaraNa bhI tadanukUla hotA hai arthAt "jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI" kI bAta hai| jahA~ para zraddhA ke sAtha sAtha mAnasika Atmopalabdhi ke samaya svayaM meM bhI harSa-viSAdAdi vikArabhAvoM kA abhAva hotA hai, isalie vahA~ zubha yA azubha kisI prakAra ke nUtana karmabandha kA sadbhAva nahIM hotaa| ataH vratI maharSiyoM ko svIkArya hai tathA usI kA isa adhyAya prakaraNa meM saMgrahaNa evaM usI mAnasika Atmopalabdhi vAle ko samyagdRSTi, jJAnI, nirbandha Adi rUpa se kahA gayA hai| jahA~ Agamika Atmopalabdhi kI bAta hai, vahA~ para zuddhAtmA ke viSaya kA zraddhAnI hotA hai kintu AcaraNa tadanukUla na hokara usase ulTA hotA hai arthAt use yaha vizvAsa to hai ki AtmA kA svarUpa harSa-viSAdAdi karanA nahIM hai kintu svayaM harSa-viSAdi ko lie hue rahatA hai aura karatA rahatA hai| isa prakAra 'kathanI aura karanI aura' vAlI kahAvata ko caritArtha karane vAlA hone se use isa adhyAtma zailI ke grantha meM samayagdRSTi Adi na kahakara mithyAdRSTi kahA gayA hai| Agamika loga zuddhAtmA kI zraddhAmAtra se hI samyagdRSTipanA mAnate haiM kyoki unakI vicAradhArA yaha hai ki isake zuddhAtmA hone rUpa AcaraNa bhale hI Aja na sahI kintu zuddhAtmA kI zraddhA to isake bhI jagI hai ataH saMgrahakartA ke rUpa meM yaha bhI samyagdRSTi hI hai| AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne zaMkAspada sthaloM ko atyanta sarala rUpa se spaSTa kiyA hai tathA avratarUpa pravRtti karane se pApa bandha aura vratarUpa sadavasthA meM pravRtti karane se puNyabandha kA 275 evaM 276 gAthAoM ke bhAva kA spaSTIkaraNa-praznottara ke rUpa meM kiyA hai|

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anekAnta-56/1-2 zaMkA- pahale to AcArya zrI batalA Aye haiM ki mAtra samyAdarzana hone para hI kisI prakAra kA bandha nahIM hotA aura yahA~ kahA jA rahA hai ki mahAvrata avasthA meM bhI puNyabandha hotA hai, so kucha samajha meM nahI aayaa| samAdhAna- he bhAI! jahA~ AcAryazrI ne samyagdRSTi ko nirbandha kahA hai, vahA~ kevala vItarAga samyagdRSTi ko lekara kahA hai jaisA ki 'cattArivipAve..' ityAdi gAthA se spaSTa hai, zeSa avirata samyagdRSTi Adi ke bandha unake rAganusAra hotA hI hai kyoMki rAga hI bandha kA kAraNa hai| zaMkA- Apane kahA so ThIka parantu mahAvratoM se bhI puNya bandha hotA hai yaha kaise? kyoMki phira jo bandha nahIM karanA cAhatA, vaha vrata chor3a de? samAdhAna- he bhAI! mahAvratoM ke do rUpa hote. hai(1) satpravRttirUpa (2) nivRttirUpa" jaise ki hisA karanA yA kisI ko bhI kaSTa denA yaha pApa hai, azubha bandha kA kAraNa hai, kintu hiMsA nahIM karanA arthAt sabhI ke sukhI hone kI bhAvanA karanA yaha satpravRttirUpa mahAvrata hai| yaha puNyabandha karane vAlA hai aura isI kA sampanna rUpa kisI se bhI Darane DarAne rUpa bhayasaMjJA se rahita svayaM nirNaya honA yaha puNya aura pApa ina donA se bhI dUra rahane vAlA hai| isI prakAra jhUTha bolanA pApa, satya bolanA puNya kintu sarvathA nahIM bolanA arthAt mauna rahanA so puNya aura pApa ina dono se bhI rhit| kisI kI bhI binA dI huI vastu bhojana Adi meM lenA so corI-pApa aura usakA tyAga kintu zrAvaka ke dvArA bhakti pUrvaka ucita rUpa se diyA zuddha AhAra grahaNa karanA so puNya aura AhAra saMjJA se rahita honA so puNya va pApa ina dono se bhI rhit| vyabhicAra to pApa tathA strItyAgarUpa brahmacarya so puNya kintu maithuna saMjJA se rahita honA yaha puNya aura pApa se rhit| isI prakAra parigraha pApa, parigraha tyAga puNya kintu parigraha saMjJA kA nahIM honA so zuddha rUpa isa prakAra mahAvratoM kA pUrva prArambhAtmarUpa zubha kintu unhI kA hI apara-rUpa jo ki pUrNatayA udAsInatA maya evaM cAroM prakAra kI sajJAoM se bhI rahita hotA hai, vaha zuddha ataH abandha kara hotA hai| ukta azubha-zubha kA vizeSArtha ke mAdhyama se AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja

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18 anekAnta - 56/1-2 ne spaSTIkaraNa kiyaa| samajhAne kA itanA sarala DhaMga biralajanoM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai / usI prakAra ke vizeSArtho ke dvArA AcArya zrI ne adhyAtma ke gUr3ha se gUr3ha rahasyoM ko udghATita kiyA hai, jisase samayasAra tAtparyavRtti pratyeka adhyAtma jijJAsu ke liye ati upayogI ho gayI hai| samprati kucha kadAgrahI jana gRhasthAvasthA meM vItarAgasamyagdRSTi bane hue haiM, bana rahe haiM una logoM kI bhrAnta dhAraNAoM ke unmUlana ke lie AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara mahArAja dvArA likhita vizeSArtha pUrNa samartha haiM kyoki AcArya zrI ne tAtparyavRtti ko pUrNa AtmasAt karake hI vizeSArtho ke mAdhyama se viSayoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| AsravAdhikAra (184-185) meM AcArya zrI jayasena ne vItarAgasamyagdRSTi ke adhikArI kA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| tAtparyavRtti nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM nayoM ko Azraya lekara likhI gayI hai ataH sampUrNa viSayo kA udghATana isase sahaja hI ho jAtA hai| AcArya jayasena svAmI kA saMskRta muhAvaroM para asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai| unakI jaina pAribhASika zabdoM kI upayoga vyavasthA svAbhAvika evaM sarala hai| unakA arthagarbhita vyAkhyAoM tathA saMkSipta pratipAdana kA apUrva jJAna tAtparyavRtti meM jagaha jagaha para parilakSita hotA hai| kvacit kadAcit sthAnoM para tAtparyavRtti meM gadya kI kRtrimatA bhI dekhane ko milatI hai phira bhI abhivyakti kI dhArA ati prabala hai| AcArya amRtacandrasUri to kavi hRdaya haiN| inake padya bhAga kI apekSA tAtparyavRtti kA gadya atyanta sarala sarvajana bodhya hai| vastutaH jayasena svAmI ne gadya meM viziSTatA prApta kI hai| inhoMne dArzanika viSaya vastu ke upasthAna ke sAtha sAtha zAbdika spaSTIkaraNa para vizeSa dhyAna diyA hai| tApparyavRtti hI vastutaH kundakunda svAmI ke abhiprAyoM ko sphuTa karane meM sakSama hai kyoMki jayasena svAmI kI bhASA sarala aura sahAnubhUtipUrNa hai aura unakA prayAsa rahA hai ki viSaya kA pUrNa spaSTIkaraNa ho jisase sAmAnya buddhizIla bhI viSaya kA parijJAna prApta kara ske| saralatama saMskRta meM likhate hue bhI prayojanabhUta artha ko udghATita karanA unakI pratibhA kA vaiziSTya hai| unhoMne

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anekAnta-56/1-2 19 vyAkaraNa sambandhI kaThoratA kI upekSA kI hai| tAtparyavRtti meM uddharaNoM kI bhI bahutalatA hai| uddharaNoM se prAmANikatA puSTa hotI hai / prasaMga prApta uddharaNa prastuti AcArya jayasena kI navanavonmeSazAlinI pratibhA kI paricAyikA hai| jayasenAcArya kI tAtparyavRtti kI mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi svataMtra bhedoM ko surakSita rakhanA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke zabdoM kI surakSA tAtparyavRtti ke mAdhyama se hI huI hai| AcArya kundakunda kA paricaya karAne vAle AcArya jayasena hI haiN| inakI AcArya kundakunda svAmI ke prati agAdha bhakti anukaraNIya hai| AcArya jayasena ke pUrva eka sahastra varSa AcArya kundakunda ke nAma se aparicita rahane vAle adhyAtma jagat ke Upara jayasenAcArya kA mahAn upakAra hai ki unhoMne adhyAtma vidyA ke adhiSThAtA AcArya zrI kundakunda kA paricaya kraayaa| adhyAtma vidyA rasika samAja ko samayasAra kI tAtparyavRtti viSaya vastu ko samajhane meM atyadhika sahAyaka hai isalie pratyeka adhyAtmavidyA evaM darzanazAstra ke adhyetA ko isakA adhyayana ati Avazyaka hai| AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne hindI rUpAntara aura vizeSArtha maNDita kara zrImatkundakundAcArya kI sarvocca kRti samayasAra para AcArya zrI jayasena likhita tAtparyavRtti ko jana-jana ke lie grAhya banA diyA hai| samayasAra tAtparyavRtti ke binA samayasAra ko pAnA azakya hI hai| ataH pratyeka Atmatattva jijJAsu ko AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara mahArAja vizeSArtha sahita samayasAra tAtparyavRtti ko apane svAdhyAya kA viSaya banAnA caahie| saMdarbha 1. 'samayo khalu Nimmalo appA' rayaNasAra gA. 153, 2. jayadhavala pu. 1 pR. 357, 3. samayasAra pRSTha 3 upAcArya ( rIDara ) saMskRta vibhAga digambara jaina kaoNleja, bar3auta

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jaina sAdhu : kauna nagna - kauna bhagna _ -DaoN. rAjendra kumAra basala jaina saMskRti ke antima tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sasAra ke jIvo ko Atma-vikAroM kA parihAra kara jJAna-Ananda svarUpa zuddhAtma kI prApti kA mArga btaayaa| jinavaroM kA yaha mArga vItarAgatA kI prApti kA mArga kahalAtA hai| jinavara aMtara se vItarAgI ho kara nija svabhAva meM lIna rahate hai jabaki unakA bAhya bheSa navajAta zizu ke samAna nirvikAra-nagna hotA hai| isa bAhya bheSa ko hI jinamudrA, jinaliMga thA jinacinha kahate haiN| jinacinha kA svarUpaisa mArga ke pathikoM ke stara kI pahicAna ke do saMketa hai; pahalA Antarika (bhAvaliMga), dUsarA bAhya (drvyliNg)| AcAryakundakunda ne ina cihno ke alAvA anya cihnoM ko jinetara (kuliga) kahA hai| suvidhA kI dRSTi se isa lekha me bhAvaliga ko 'bhAvacihna', dravyaliga ko 'dravyacihna' evaM kaliMga ko 'jinetara cihna' ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| bhAvacihna aMtaraMga pariNAmoM athavA vItarAga bhAvoM kA sUcaka hai, jo akaSAya bhAva yA kaSAyahInatA ke azoM ke hone kA dyotaka hai| yaha parama pariNAmika bhAva ke Azraya se AtmA ke jJAtA-dRSTA svabhAva kI prasiddhi se hI saMbhava hotA hai| dravyacihna zarIra kA bAhya bheSa hai jo ataraMga bhAvo kA pratinidhitva karatA hai; kintu sarvathA aisA hone kA niyama bhI nahI hai, kyoki bhAvacihna ke abhAva meM bhI dravyacihna dekhane meM AtA hai| jinacihna dhAraNa kara zarIrAdika vikRta kriyAe~ evaM parigrahAdi kI abhilASA rakhane ko jinamArga me 'jinetara cihna' kahA gayA hai| jaba aMtaraMga vItarAga pariNAmoM ke anurUpa bAhya bheSa hotA hai taba aisA bAhya bheSa mokSamArga me prayojana-bhUta eva upakAraka hotA hai| isa dRSTi se vItarAgatA

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anakAnta 61-2 21 ke azoM kI vidyamAnatA ke kAraNa aMtaraMga bhAva-sahita bAhya nagna bheSa hI jinavaroM ke mArga me mAnya evaM pUjya hai| jinamArgI sAdhakoM kA vargIkaraNajinamArgI vItarAgatA ke sAdhakoM ke moTe taura para do varga ho sakate hai-prathama gRhatyAgI sAdhu tathA dUsarA gRhastha (shraavk)| prathama varga meM nagna sAdhu, AryikA eva utkRSTa zrAvaka Ate haiM aura dUsare varga meM vratI-avratI samyagdRSTi shraavk| isa vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra ataraMga vizuddha pariNAma hai| yadi bAhya bheSa ke anusAra sAdhu eva zrAvaka meM aMtaraMga bhAva, pariNAma nahIM hai to vaha bheSa jinamArga meM svA~ga mAnA jaaegaa| sAdhu kA sAmAnya svarUpajinamArgI sAdhu 28 mUlaguNayukta evaM aMtar-bAhya caubIsa parigraho se rahita hotA hai| iname mithyAtva, cAra kaSAya, nau nokaSAya ye caudaha aMtaraMga parigraha tathA kSetra (bhUmi), makAna, cA~dI, sonA, dhana, dhAnya (anAja), dAsI, dAsa, vastra aura bartana dasa bAhya parigraha hote hai| icchA evaM mUrchA parigraha hone se aMtaraMga parigraha kA tyAga evaM pariNAmoM kI tadanusArI nirmalatA hI mahattvapUrNa hai| sAdhu mana, vacana, kAya eva kRta, kArita, anumodanA se uparokta caubIsa parigrahoM kA tyAgI hotA hai| yadi sAdhu tila-tuSa mAtra bhI parigraha yukta ho to usakA sAdhutva bhagna ho jAtA hai| aise sAdhu kA kathita jinacihna kucihna ho jAtA hai aura vaha nigoda kA pAtra ho par3atA hai (sUtrapAhuDa 18) / bhAva evaM dravyacihnI sAdhubAhya bheSa ke anusAra sAdhuo ko bhAvacihnI, dravyacihnI aura jinetaracihnI (kuliMga) ina tIna vargo meM saMyojita kiyA jA sakatA hai| sarvaparigraharahita tathA aMtaraMga meM samyakadarzana, jJAna evaM cAritra-rUpa AtmalInatA se vItarAgatA ke aMzoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle sAdhu bhAvacihnI kahalAte hai| ve sukha-dukha kAMca-kAMcana, zatru-mitra, hita-ahita sabhI meM samatA-bhAva dhAraNa kara AtmArAdhana karate hai| AtmajJAna se zUnya aura maMdakaSAya-rUpa zubhabhAvoM ko hI dharma mAnane vAle sAdhu dravya-cihnI kahalAte haiN|

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22 anekAnta-56/1-2 bhAvacihnI evaM dravyacihnI sAdhu kA bAhya bheSa yadyapi eka jaisA hI hotA hai; tathApi AtmajJAna ke sadbhAva ke kAraNa bhAvacihnI sAdhu kaSAyo kA parihAra karatA huA AtmA meM vItarAgatA ke aMzoM kI vRddhi karatA hai aura antataH karmo se mukta ho jAtA hai| isI kAraNa se 'samayasAra' meM AcArya kundakunda ne bhAvacihna sahita bAhyacihna rUpa digambara mudrA ko mokSamArga mAnA hai (samayasAra 410-411) / dravyacihnI sAdhu maMda kaSAya ko dharma mAnane ke kAraNa puNya kA bandha karatA hai| vaha manuSya evaM devAdika sadgati ko to prApta karatA hai; kintu karma-bandhana se mukta nahIM hotaa| AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra dravyacihnI sAdhu ko bodhi yA samAdhi kI prApti nahIM hotI (bhAvapAhuDa gAthA 72) / bhAvacihna--rahita bAhya sAdhu ke bheSa se mokSamArga kA vinAza hotA hai (mokSapAhuDa 61) / yaha pApa se yukta evaM apayaza kA kAraNa hai (bhAvapAhuDa 61) / dharma se rahita sAdhu ko AcArya kundakunda ne Ikha ke phala ke samAna mAnate hue use nagna-rUpa meM rahane vAlA naTa zramaNa nirUpita kiyA hai (bhAvapAhuDa 71) / unhoMne aise darzana rahita dravyacihnI sAdhu ko 'cala zava' jaise zabda se sambodhita kiyA hai (bhAvapAhuDa 143) / aise sAdhu kA jJAna evaM caritra kramazaH bAlazruta eva bAlacaritra jaisA nirarthaka hotA hai| (mokSapAhuDa 100) / unhoMne prazna kiyA haiM ki jJAna rahita cAritra, darzana rahita tapa evaM bhAva vihIna Avazyaka kriyAe Adi se yukta liMga (bheSa) se sukha kI prApti kaise saMbhava hai? (mokSa pAhuDa 57) / bhAvacihna kI pradhAnatA jinamArga meM bhAvacihna kI pradhAnatA pratipAdita karate hue AcArya kundakunda ne 'bhAvapAhuDa' meM kahA ki pahale mithyAtva Adi doSoM ko chor3akara bhAva se aMtaraMga nagna ho kara zuddhAtmA kA zraddhAna, jJAna evaM AcaraNa kare pazcAt dravya se bAhya munimudrA (liMga) prakaTa kare, yahI jinAjJA evaM mokSamArga hai (bhAvapAhuDa 73) / isa uddezya kI pUrti hetu unhoMne kahA ki jaise bhI bane saba taraha ke prayatna kara AtmA ko jAno, usakA zraddhAna karo, use pratIta karo aura usakA AcaraNa karo; mokSa kI prApti tabhI hogI (bhAvapAhuDa-89; sUtrapAhuMDa 16) /

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anekAnta-56/1-2 23 mokSamArga aura jinasUtraAcArya kundakunda ne 'sUtrapAhuDa' meM kahA hai ki jinamArga meM vItarAgatA kI prApti hetu jinasUtro arthAt Agama, adhyAtma meM pratipAdita jIvAdi padArtho heya-upAdeya Adi ko jAnane vAlA sAdhu hI samyagadRSTi hai (sUtrapAhuDa 5) / jisa prakAra sUtra sahita suI gumatI nahIM hai, usI prakAra jinasUtroM kA jJAtA sAdhaka bhI pathabhraSTa nahI hotA (sUtrapAhuDa 3-4) / unake anusAra jinasUtra se bhraSTa rudra jaisA RddhivAna tapasvI bhI mokSa ko prApta nahIM kara sakA (sUtrapAhuDa 8) / jinasUtroM ko jAnakAra vyakti kabhI bhI apane ahaMkAra kI tuSTi hetu AtmasvarUpa, sapta tattva, triratna rUpa mokSamArga sAdhya-sAdhana Adi kI managaDhanta yA manamAnI vyAkhyA nahIM krtaa| AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra jinasUtroM kI manamAnI vyAkhyA karane vAlA sAdhu-zrAvaka mithyAdRSTi hotA hai (sUtrapAhuDa 7) / jina-cihnadhArI sAdhu aura jinetara-cihnI sAdhuvItarAga guNa ke kAraNa loka meM jinacihna kI zreSThatA, viziSTatA evaM mahimA banI rahe aura vaha pApa kA kAraNa na bane isake prati AcArya kundakunda jAgarUka the| jinacihnadhArI sAdhu unmArgI ho kara loka-upahAsa kA kAraNa bane, yaha unhe iSTa nahIM thA; ataH eka ora jahA~ unhoMne 'bodha pAhuDa' meM vItarAga guNayukta jinacihnI sAdhuoM ko jina Ayatana, caityagRha, jinapratimA, darzana, jina-bimba, jinamudrA, jJAna, jinadeva, jinatIrtha, arahaMta evaM pravrajyA jaisI upAdhiyoM se mahimA-maNDita kiyA hai (bodha pAhuDa 3-4), vahIM dUsarI ora jina-bheSa kA durupayoga rokane hetu 'liMgapAhuDa' meM jina-cihnadhArI bhraSTa sAdhuoM kI nindA karate hue unheM pazutulya, pAparUpa evaM nigodagAmI batAyA hai| dravyacihnI sAdhudravyacinhI sAdhu AtmAjJAna-vihIna hote haiN| kintu ve sAdhuoM ke bAhya niyamo ko niraticAra pAlana karate haiN| unake pAsa tRNa-mAtra bhI parigraha nahIM hotaa| ve mana evaM indriya saMyama se yukta hote haiN| vaise dravyacihnI sAdhu evaM bhAvacihnI sAdhu meM bheda karanA duSkara hotA hai| yaha kevalajJAna-gamya hai| ina sAdhuoM ke atirikta jinacihna dhAraNa kara kukriyA meM magna rahane vAle jinetara-cihnI sAdhuoM kA varNana bhI AcAryadeva ne (liMgapAhuDa) meM kiyA hai| aise sAdhu

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24 anekAnta-56/1-2 svacchanda hokara strI-saMsarga, viSaya-kAryo kI puSTi, zarIra-saMskAra, gRhasthocita kArya evaM parigraha ke prati mamatva rakhate hue laukika kAryoM meM rucivAn hote haiN| narakagAmI jinetara-cihnI sAdhu(1) jo sAdhu bahuta mAna kaSAya karatA huA nirantara kalaha vAda-vivAda, dyUta-krIr3A, abrahma (bhoga-vilAsa) sevana karatA hai, vaha pApI narakagAmI hotA hai (liMgapAhuDa 6-7) / (2) jo sAdhu gRhastho ke vivAhAdi kArya karatA hai, kRSi-vyApAra evaM jIvaghAta Adi pApa kArya karatA hai, corI, jhUTha, yuddha, vivAda karatA hai, yaMtra, caupar3a, zataraMja, pAsA Adi krIr3Ae~ karatA hai, vaha narakagAmI hotA hai (liMgapAhuDa 9-10) / (3) jo sAdhu samyagdarzana, jJAna evaM cAritra, tapa, saMyama, niyama Adi kI kriyAe bAdhyatApUrvaka yA khinna mana se pIr3Ayukta bhAvanA se karatA hai vaha narakagAmI hotA hai (liMgapAhuDa 11) / tiryaJca-tulya sAdhu(1) jo sAdhu pApa buddhi se mohita ho kara bAhya kukriyA karatA hai, vaha jinacihna kA upahAsa karatA hai (liMgapAhuDa 3) / (2) jo sAdhu nRtya karatA hai, gAtA hai, bajAtA hai, parigraha kA sagraha karatA hai yA parigraha kA cintana evaM mamatva rakhatA hai vaha pApa se mohita buddhi vAlA tiryaJcayoni pazu hai, zramaNa nahIM hai (liMgapAhuDa 4-5) / (3) jo sAdhu bhojana meM ati Asakti rakhate hai, kAmavAsanA kI icchA rakhate haiM, mAyAvI ho kara vyabhicAra-rUpa pravRtti karate hai, pramAdI hote haiM, ve tiryaJcayoni pazu-tulya hote haiM; aise sAdhuoM se gRhastha zreSTha hote haiM (liMgapAhuDa 12) / (4) jo sAdhu IryA samiti-pUrvaka nahIM calate, daur3a kara calate haiM, pRthvI khodate haiM, vanaspati Adi kI hiMsA karate haiM, anAja kUTate haiM, vRkSoM ko cheTate-kATate haiM, ve tiryaJcayoni haiM, pazu evaM ajJAnI haiM, zramaNa nahIM haiM (liMgapAhuDa

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anekAnta - 56/1-2 25 17-18)1 (5) jo sAdhu striyoM se nirantara rAga- prIti banAye rakhate haiM, nirdoSa janoM para doSa lagAte haiM, gRhasthoM aura ziSyoM meM bahuta sneha rakhate haiM, guru Adi kI vinaya evaM sAdhu-kriyAoM se rahita hote haiM, ve zramaNa na ho kara tiryaJcayonija haiM, ajJAnI hai (liMgapAhuDa 17-18) / pazu evaM (6) bhAvarahita sAdhu pApasvarUpa evaM tiryacayoni meM nivAsa karatA 74)1 (bhAvapAhuDa ananta saMsArI sAdhu (1) jo sAdhu darzana, jJAna evaM cAritra kA sevana nahIM karatA; kintu parigraha viSaya-kaSAya meM ArtadhyAna karatA hai, vaha ananta saMsArI hai ( liMgapAhuDa 8 ) / (2) jo sAdhu AhAra ke lie daur3atA hai, AhAra ke nimitta kalaha kara AhAra bhogatA hai, khAtA hai aura usake nimitta anya se paraspara IrSyA karatA hai, vaha jina zramaNa nahIM hai (liMgapAhuDa 13 ) / (3) jo binA diyA AhAra, dAna Adi letA hai aura parokSa para ke doSoM se para kI nindA karatA hai, vaha zramaNa cora ke samAna hai ( liMgapAhuDa 14 ) / (4) jo sAdhu striyoM ke samUha meM usakA vizvAsa karake aura unameM vizvAsa utpanna karake darzana, jJAna, cAritra detA hai, unhe samyaktva batAtA hai, par3hAtA hai, jJAna detA hai, dIkSA detA hai, pravRtti sikhAtA hai, striyoM meM pravRtta hotA hai aura vyabhicArI strI ke ghara AhAra letA hai usakI prazaMsA karatA hai; aisA bhAva se vinaSTa sAdhu pArzvastha arthAt bhraSTa se bhraSTa hai; vaha zramaNa to kyA, nahIM hai (liMgapAhuDa 20-21) / manuSya bhI AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra jinacihna dhAraNa kara ukta anupayukta kriyAoM ko karane vAle sAdhu bhale hI bahuta sAre zAstroM ke jJAtA hoM aura bhAvacihna sAdhuoM ke sAtha rahate hoM to bhI ve bhAva se naSTa hI haiM aura sAdhu nahIM haiM (liMgapAhuDa 19 ) | liMgapAhuDa ke anta meM AcArya kahate haiM ki jo 'sAdhu gaNadharAdi dvArA upadiSTa vAstavika dharma ko yatnapUrvaka dhAraNa karate haiM

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26 anekAnta-56/1-2 ve nizcita hI sarvaduHkha dUra kara mokSa ko prApta karate hai (liMgapAhuDa 22) / ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jinacihna dhAraNa karane vAle sAdhu yadi svaya ko mahanta mAna kara Agama ke viparIta mokSamArga kI ulaTI-pulaTI vyAkhyA karate haiM yA vyaktigata vizvAsoM ke anusAra usakA asatya nirUpaNa karate haiM, SaT rasa evaM bhojana meM Asakti rakhate haiM, nAriyoM ke prati anurAga rakhate hai; chala, kapaTa, pralobhana de kara dhArmika kriyAoM kI Ar3a meM nAriyoM kA sparza, saMsarga evaM sevana karate haiM, rAtri meM sammohana Adi kI avihita kriyAe~ karate haiM, jyotiSa, mantra-tantra evaM anya laukika kAryo meM ruci lete haiM; rupayA, makAna, bhoga-upabhoga kI sAmagrI, vAhana Adi parigraha kI kAmanA karate hai| hiMsA, mArapITa, corI, jhUTha, abrahma Adi pApa kArya karate-karAte haiM, dharma ke nAma.para hiMsA, kaSAya poSaka evaM nindya granthoM kA abhyAsa evaM racanA karate haiM, jinadeva, jinaguru evaM jinazAstroM kI avajJA-avinaya karate hai, rAgI devI-devatAo ko pUjate haiM aura zarIra kriyA, bhojana evaM indriya-poSaNa Adi me magna rahate haiM, ve vAstava meM jinamArgI zramaNa na ho kara jinetara-cinhI, unmArgI, pApI eva narakagAmI hote haiM, bhale hI phira bAhya meM ve kitanI hI kaThora zArIrika tapasyA kyoM na karate ho? AtmajJAna ke binA kitanA hI kaThora tapa kiyA jAe usase karmo kI nirjarA nahIM hotii| bAlaggakoDimattaM parigahagahaNaM Na hoi saahuunnN| bhuMjei pANipatte diNNaNNaM ikktthaannmmi|| -AcArya kundakunda sAdhuoM ke bAla ke agrabhAga ke barAbara bhI parigraha nahIM hotaa| ve eka hI sthAna meM dUsaroM ke dvArA diye gaye prAsuka anna ko apane hAtha-rUpI pAtra me grahaNa karate haiN| -B-3690P.M Colony P.O. Amlai Paper Mills Dist-Shahdol (M P.)

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AcArya raviSeNa aura unakA padmapurANa : eka anucintana -DaoN. phUlacanda jaina "premI" jainAcAryo kI gauravazAlI paramparA meM AcArya raviSeNa eka aise anupama dedIpyamAna nakSatra kI taraha haiM, jinheM IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM saMskRta bhASA ke jaina rAmakathA viSayaka sAhitya me "padmapurANa" athavA "pdmcritN"| nAmaka eka aisI vizAla kAvya kRti likhane kA zreya prApta huA, jise saskRta jaina sAhitya kI prathama (Adya) rAmakathA ke rUpa meM usI prakAra vikhyAta hone kA gaurava prApta huA, jisa taraha IsA kI prathama zatI ke prArambha meM AcArya vimalasUri kRta 118 adhikAroM aura 7651 gAthAo meM prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha "paumacariyaM" ko prAkRtabhASA ke rAmakathA viSayaka sAhitya meM prathama kRti hone kA gaurava prApta hai| isIlie AcArya raviSeNa mAtra jaina sAhitya ke hI nahI apitu ve sampUrNa saMskRta vAD.maya ke eka viziSTa gauravazAlI vidvAn mahAkavi the, jinakA saMskRta sAhitya, vizeSakara rAmakathA-viSayaka vAD.maya ke vikAsa me advitIya yogadAna hai| AcArya raviSeNa : vyaktitva rAmakathA bhAratavarSa kI sabase adhika lokapriya kathA hai| isIlie isakA vipula sAhitya bhI vaidika, jaina, bauddha ina tInoM sampradAyoM meM apane-apane DhaMga se likhA gayA hai| zraddheya nAthUrAma jo premI ne apane "jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa" nAmaka grantha meM 'rAmakathA kI vibhinna dhArAeM' nAmaka nibaMdha meM vibhinna prakAra kI rAmakathAoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai| saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha padmapurANa ke kartA AcArya raviSeNa kA paurANika caritakAvya ke racayitA ke rUpa meM bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| inhoMne apanI guruparamparA kA ullekha padmacarita ke 123 veM parva ke 167 veM padya ke

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28 anekAnta-56/1-2 uttarArdha meM isa taraha kiyA hai AsIdindrigurodivAkayatiH ziSyo'sya cArhanmuni stasmAllakSmaNasena sanmuniradaHziSyo ravistu smRtm|| arthAt indraguru ke ziSya divAkara yati, divAkara yati ke arhanmuni, arhanmuni ke ziSya lakSmaNasena muni the aura unakA ziSya maiM raviSeNa huuN| para isake atirikta inhoMne apane kisI sagha yA gaNa-gaccha kA koI ullekha nahI kiyA aura na hI sthAnAdi kI carcA kI hai| parantu anumAna hotA hai, saMbhavataH ve senasaMgha se hI sambaddha hoN| unake gRhastha jIvana ke bAre meM bhI koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotii| phira bhI kyA yaha kama bAta hai ki unhoMne apane prastuta "padmacarita' kI racanA kA samaya (saMvat) svayaM dekara samaya nirdhAraNa kI kaThinAI kA hala kara bar3A upakAra kiyA hai| unhoMne grantha ke anta arthAt eka sau teIsaveM parva ke 181 ve padya meM kahA hai dvizatAbhyadhike samAsahasre samatatIte'rddha cturthvrssyukt| jinabhAskaravarddhamAnasiddhezcaritaM padmamuneridaM nibddhm|| arthAt jinasUrya-bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa prApta karane ke 1203 varSa cha: mAha bIta jAne para padmamuni kA yaha carita nibaddha kiyaa| isa prakAra isakI racanA vi. saM. 734 (I. san 677) meM pUrNa huI hai| vIranirvANa saM. kArtika kRSNA 30 vi. saM. 469 pUrva se hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mokSa jAne kI paramparA pracalita hai| isa taraha cha: mAsa kA samaya aura jor3a dene para vaizAkha zukla pakSa vi. saM. 734 isakI racanA tithi AtI hai| raviSeNAcArya ko unake uttaravartI udyotanasUri (vi. saM. 835) ne apanI kuvalayamAlA (anuccheda pR. 4) meM padmacarati ke kartA ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| vi. saM. 840 meM racita harivaMzapurANa ke racayitA punnATasaMghI AcArya jinasena (AThavIM zatI) ne bhI raviSeNa ko smaraNa kiyA hai, ata: isa taraha spaSTa hotA hai ki raviSeNa vi. saM. 840 se pUrvavartI hai|' apabhraMza "paumacariu" ke kartA mahAkavi svayaMbhUdeva ne apane grantha meM

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anekAnta-56/1-2 29 AcArya raviSeNa ko kAphI Adara ke sAtha smaraNa karate hue granthArambha ke sandhi 1 kar3avaka 2/3-5 me kahA hai eha rAmakaha-sari sohaMtI, gaNahara-devehiM diTTha bhtii| pacchaiM iMdabhUi-AyarieM, puNu dhammeNa gunnaalNkrieN| puNu evahiM saMsArArAeM kittihareNa aguttrvaaeN| puNu raviSeNAyariyaM-pasAeM buddhie avagAhiya kraaeN| prastuta gAthA chando meM svayabhUdeva ne kahA hai ki yaha rAmakathA tIrthakara varddhamAna ke mukha kuhara se vinirgata hokara indrabhUti gaNadhara aura sudharmAsvAmI Adi ke dvArA calI AI hai aura raviSeNAcArya ke prasAda se mujhe prApta huI hai| ina saba ullekho aura prastuta padmapurANa ke adhyayana se AcArya raviSeNa kA pANDitya, unakA zreSTha evaM saphala mahAkavi rUpa kA digdarzana to hotA hai, kintu unhone apane jIvana ke viSaya me kahI kucha vizeSa ullekha nahIM kiyA, jisameM unake vyaktitva ko vizaSa jhalaka mila ske| padmapurANa ke adhyayana se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki ve vividha bhASAo ke to jJAtA the hI, inakI anya ravanAye bhI thIM, jo aba taka kahI upalabdha nahI huI haiN| rAmakathA ke do rUpa jainasAhitya meM rAmakathA ke do rUpa milate hai-eka to paumacariyaM aura padmacarita kA tathA dUsarA guNabhadrAcArya ke uttarapurANa kaa| padmacarita yA padmapurANa kI kathA prAyaH sabhI jAnate hai| 'jainarAmAyaNa' ke rUpa meM ise prasiddhi prApta hai| raviSeNAcArya ke isa 'padmapurANa' kA prAcIna tathA Aja kI hindI bhASA me anuvAda hone kI vajaha se jana-jana me isakA atyadhika pracAra-prasAra hai| rAmakathA viSayakaM jaina sAhitya prAcIna kAla se hI rAmakathA mAtra bhArata meM hI nahIM apitu vizva ke aneka dezo me lokapriya rahI hai| kisI bhI zreSTha kavi ne rAmakathA ko apane kAvya kA varNya viSaya banAne me gaurava smjhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki vividha bhASAoM meM rAmakathA viSayaka vipula sAhitya upalabdha hotA hai| bhArata kI prAya: sabhI prAcIna dharma--paramparAo meM thor3e-vahuta antara se rAmakathA milatI hai| prAkRta,

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30 anekAnta-56/1-2 saMskRta aura apabhraMza ina prAcIna tathA kucha dakSiNa bhAratIya bhASAo meM to rAmakathA viSayaka kAphI samRddha aura zreSTha sAhitya upalabdha hai| rAmakathA viSayaka pramukha jaina sAhitya meM padmapurANa nAma ke hI kaI grantha upalabdha hai, sabhI rAma-rAvaNa kI kathA ke pratipAdaka hai| jaise-1. 'AcArya vimalasUri' kRta (I. san 4) paumacariyaM, jo 7 adhikAroM meM vibhakta 118 sarga pramANa prAkRta mhaakaavy| 2. AcArya kIrtidhara (I. 600) kRta rAmakathA ke AdhAra para A. raviSeNa dvArA (I. 677) meM racita saMskRta padmabaddha 'padmacarita' yA 'padmapurANa' jo cha: khaNDoM tathA 123 parvo me vibhakta 20,000 zlokapramANa hai| 3. svayambhU (I. san 738-840) kRta 'paumacariu' nAmaka apabhraMza kAvya jo 90 sandhiyo me vibhakta 12000 zloka pramANa hai| 4. kavi raidhU (I. 1400-1479) kRta 'paumacariu' nAmaka apabhraza kAvya tathA candrakIrti bhaTTAraka (I. 1597), kRta pdmpuraann| inake atirikta padmapurANa nAma kI anya kRtiyo ke nAma DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI ne (jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa; bhAga 6 pR. 42-43 me) isa taraha ullikhita kiye hai-1. padmapurANa-jinadAsa kRta (16vIM shtii)| ye bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke ziSya the isameM unhone raviSeNa ke padmapurANa kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| isakA aparanAma rAmadevapurANa bhI hai| 2. padmapurANa (rAmapurANa)-somasena (sa. 1656), 3. padmapurANa-dharmakIrti (saM. 1689), 4. padmapurANa-candrakIrtibhaTTAraka, 5. padmapurANa-candrasAgara, 6. padmapurANa-zrIcandra, 7. padmamahAkAvya-zubhavardhana gaNi, 8. rAmacaritra-padmanAbha, 9.padmapurANa paMjikA, prabhAcanda yA shriicndr| rAmakathA se sambaddha anya racanAe~ (saskRta)- 1. sItA caritra, 2. sItA caritra-zAntisUri kRta 3, brahmanemidattakRta sItA caritra, 4. amaradAsa kRta sItA critr| - isake atirikta adhyAtma rAmAyaNa, Ananda rAmAyaNa, adbhuta rAmAyaNa nAma se kaI rAmAyaNa grantha bhI milate haiN| prAkRta ke vimalasUri kRta 'paumacariyaM' kI kathAvastu ke vinyAsa ke samAna hI raviSeNa kRta prastuta padmapurANa meM vastu-vinyAsa dikhAI par3atA hai| viSaya aura varNana prAya: jyoM ke tyoM tathA parva-pratiparva aura prAyaH lagAtAra

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anekAnta-56/1-2 aneka padya-pratipadya mila jAte haiN| isase to yaha bhI lagatA hai ki A. raviSeNa kA yaha padmacarita grantha vimalasUri kRta paumacariyaM ko sammukha rakhakara racA gayA hai| phira bhI donoM granthoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se vidvat varga ne anekavidha vyatikrama, parivartana, parivardhana, vibhinna saiddhAntika mAnyatAo prabhRti tathyo kI ora dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| isake atirikta raviSeNa ke kaI vivecana itane pallavita aura parivardhita hai ki saskRta kI yaha kRti prAkRta 'paumacariya' se Der3ha gune se bhI adhika ho gaI hai| isalie yaha apane Apa me pUrNa maulika grantha hai| paurANika AkhyAna aura padmapurANa bhAratavarSa kI vaidika aura jaina paramparAoM meM "purANa'' vidhA ke antargata vizAla sAhitya upalabdha hai| yaha dhArmika sAhitya kI eka aisI vidhA hai, jinake carita nAyako kA Adarza jIvana hamAre lie mAtra anukaraNIya hI nahI apitu pUjanIya bhI hai| purANa itihAsa grantha nahI hai, kintu bhAvanAtmaka dRSTi se hamAre lie zraddhA aura AsthA ke pramukha kendrabindu hone se itihAsa grantho kI apekSA ati mahattvapUrNa hote haiN| __ AcArya raviSeNa kRta prastuta "padmapurANa" padma arthAt rAma se saMbaMdhita kathA kA eka ati mahatvapUrNa vizAla purANagrantha hai| yahA~ yaha jAnanA bhI jarUrI hai ki jainAcAryoM ne "purANa'' kI paribhASA kisa taraha se prastuta kI hai "purAtanaM purANaM syAt' (AdipurANa 1/21)-isa paribhASA ke anusAra prAcIna AkhyAnoM ko purANa kahA jAtA hai| isameM jaina paramparA me pUjya evaM mAnya tiresaTha zalAkA puruSo meM se kisI eka zalAkA puruSa kA pramukhatA se carita nibaddha rahatA hai| ataH satpuruSa ke carita kI kathAvastu purANa me samAviSTa hone ke kAraNa inheM "purANa" sajJA de dI jAtI hai| sAtha hI isI caritAtmaka vastutatva ke nibaddha hone se aisI racanAoM ko "carita" bhI kahA jAtA hai| paurANika kathAye prAcIna paramparA se prApta aura pracalita zraddhA aura vizvAsa para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa ye sabhI satya kathAnaka samajhe jAte hai| jinakA uddezya inameM varNita Adarzo kA anukaraNa kara samAja meM naitika aura Astika mUlyo

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anekAnta-56/1-2 kI sthApanA hotA hai| inase sambaddha sabhI granthoM ko jaina-paramparA mAnya cAra anugogo me prathama "prathamAnuyoga" ke antargata samAviSTa kiyA jAtA hai isalie AcArya jinasena ne apane AdipurANa (2/38) meM purANa kI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai- "sa ca dharmaH purANArthaH purANaM paJcadhA viduH| kSetraM kAlazca tIrtha ca stpNsstdvicessttitm| arthAt jisameM kSetra, kAla, tIrtha, satpuruSa evaM satpuruSo kI ceSTAyeM varNita ho, vaha purANa hai| A. jinasena ne purANa ke varNya viSaya ke atargata ina pA~ca viSayoM ko aura Age bar3hAte hue paurANika kathA ke sAta aga batalAye hai-dravya, kSetra, tIrtha, kAla, bhAva, mahAphala aura prakRta (varNanIya kthaavstu)| ye paribhASAyeM yadyapi padmapurANa ke bAda kI haiM, kintu isa paribhASA kI kasauTI para bhI A. raviSeNakRta padmapurANa eka paurANika bRhada mahAkAvya ke rUpa me pUrNataH kharA utaratA hai| prastuta padmapurANa yA padmacarita kI kathAvastu kA uddezya AThave balabhadra padma (rAma), AThave nArAyaNa lakSmaNa, pratinArAyaNa rAvaNa tathA unake parivAro aura sambaddha vazo kA carita varNana karanA hai| granthakAra ne racanA ke AdhAra kI sUcanA dete hue kahA hai ki isakA viSaya bhI vardhamAna tIrthakara se gautama gaNadhara ko aura unase AcArya paramparA ke antargata dhAriNI ke sudharmAcArya ko prApta huaa| phira prabhava ko aura bAda meM zreSTha vaktA kIrtidhara AcArya ko prApta huaa| tadanantara unake dvArA likhita kathA ko AdhAra banAkara raviSeNa ne yaha grantha prakaTa kiyaa| isa grantha ke 123 parvo kI kathAvastu ko chaha khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. vidyAdhara kANDa 2. janma aura vivAha kANDa, 3. vanabhramaNa, 4. sItAharaNa aura usakA anveSaNa, 5. yuddha, 6. uttara crit| padma-rAma ke kaI janmoM kI kathA tathA unake parikara meM nivAsa karane vAle sugrIva, vibhISaNa, hanumAna kI jIvana-vyApI kathA bhI isa caritakAvya se sambaddha hai| katipaya pAtroM ke jIvana-AkhyAna to itane vistRta Aye hai, jisase unheM svataMtra kAvya yA purANa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM AdhikArika kathAvastu muni rAmacandrajI kI hai aura avAntara yA prAsagika kathAe~ vAnara vaza

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anekAnta-56/1-2 yA vidyAdhara vaza ke AkhyAna ke rUpa me AyI hai| ina dono vaMzoM kA kavi ne bahuta vistRta varNana kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki carita kAvya ke samasta guNa isa grantha me samAviSTa hai| aMgIrUpa meM zAnta rasa kA paripAka isameM huA hai| pagAra ke viyoga aura dono hI pakSa sItA apaharaNa eva rAma vivAha ke anantara ghaTita hue hai| mahAkavi raviSeNa ko isame karuNa rasa ke citraNa me abhUtapUrva saphalatA milI hai| isI taraha varNano ke citraNa meM bhI kavi ko pUrNa saphalatA prApta huI hai| kathArambha meM 1. vidyAdhara loka, 2 rAkSasa vaza, 3. vAnaravaza, 4. somavaza, 5. sUryavaza aura 6. ikSvAkuvaza kA acchA varNana hai| raviSeNa ne kathAvastu ke sAtha vAnaravaza, rAkSasavaza Adi kI vyAkhyAe bhI buddhisagata kI hai| niHsandeha kavi kI inhI maulikatAo kI dRSTi se grantha advitIya huA hai| inake matAnusAra devatAo se vAnaro kI utpatti nahI huI hai| ata: brahmA, indra, sUrya, vizvakarmA, nala. agni. kubera, varuNa, pavana Adi tattada nAmadhArI mAnava vyakti vizeSa haiN| ina vyakti vizeSo se hI vAnarajAti ke vyakti paidA huA hai| jina vidyAdhara rAjAo ne apanA dhvaja-cinha vAnara apanA liyA thA, ve vidyAdhara rAjA vAnaravazI khlaaye| vAnara pazu nahIM, manuSya haiM, jo vidyAdharoM yA bhUmigocariyoM ke rUpa meM varNita hai| isa prakAra raviSeNa ne vAlmIki dvArA kalpita pazujAti kA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA hai| isI prakAra rAkSasavaMza ke sabadha me AcArya raviSeNa kI mAnyatA vAlmIki se bhinna hai| inhoMne jisa prakAra vAnaradvIpa nivAsiyo ko vAnaravazI mAnA usI prakAra rAkSasadvIpa vAsiyo ko rAkSasavazI kahA hai| amarAkhya aura bhAnurAkhya nAmaka tejasvI rAjAoM kI paramparA me meghavAhana nAmaka putra ne janma liyaa| isake rAkSasa nAmaka putra utpanna huA. jo atyanta prabhAvazAlI eva svayazAbhilASI huaa| isa rAkSasa rAjA se pravartita vaza rAkSasavaza kahalAne lgaa| yaM gakSama janasAdhAraNa kI rakSA karate the, isalie bhI rAkSama kahalAne lge| isa prakAra kavi ne rAkSasa aura vAnaravaMza kI viziSTa eva yathArtha vyAkhyAe~ kI hai| isa taraha aneka vazo ke varNana ke sAtha tathA ina sabhI prasago ke mAtha kathApreta

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34 anekAnta-56/1-2 kramazaH Age bar3hatA hai-rAvaNa janma (7-8 parva), dakSiNa vijaya (9-11 parva), hanumAna janma (15-18 parva), rAjA dazaratha janma (19-21 parva), rAjA dazaratha kI vijaya eva kaikayI se pariNaya (21-25 parva), sItA janma (26-30 parva), vanabhramaNa meM rAma kA vanavAsa (41 vA~ parva), yuddhoM kA varNana (42 vA parva), zambUka maraNa evaM kharadUSaNa yuddha, sItAharaNa aura anveSaNa (45-55 parva), yuddha (56-78 parva), uttaracarita ke antargata rAjyo kA vitaraNa evaM sItA tyAga (71-103 parva) aura agni parIkSA (104-109 parva)-lakSamaNa mRtyu para rAma kA unake zava ko lie hue chaha mAsa taka ghUmate rahanA, anta meM kRtAnta ke jIva dvArA, jo svarga me deva huA thA, rAma ko samajhAne para lakSmaNa ke zava kI antyeSTikriyA aura rAma kI jinadIkSA se lekara tapazcaraNa dvArA mokss| isa sampUrNa kathA me rAma kI mUlakathA ke cAro ora anya ghaTanAye latA ke samAna ugatI, bar3hatI aura phailatI calatI haiN| kAlakrama se vi zRkhalita ghaTanAo ko rIr3ha kI haDDI ke samAna dRr3ha aura susagaThita banAyA gayA haiN| pAtro ke bhAgya badalate rahate hai, paristhitiyA~ unheM kucha se kucha banA detI hai| ve jIvanasaMgharSa me jUjhakara gharSaNazIla rUpa kI avatAraNA karate hai| raviSeNa ke dvArA padmacarita ke kathAnaka sUtro ko kalAtmakaDhaMga se saMjoye rakhanA nissaMdeha prazaMsanIya hai| kathAnaka ko sajAne meM saMdarbho kA saMyojana, vastu-vyApAroM ke sAtha ucita satulitarUpa meM niyojana dvArA rUpAkRti, avasara-tattva, yogyatA, satkAryatA Adi mahattvapUrNa tattva sampUrNa rUpa se apane yathAsthAna prayoga hue hai| kalApakSa kathAnaka kA mukhya AbhUSaNa hotA hai, jisameM chada, alaMkAroM, raso kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai| raviSeNa jI ke isa padyacarita me 41 prakAra ke chaMdoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| anuSTupra chaMda sarvAdhika 16440 hai| 21 chanda isa prakAra Aye haiM jinakA nirdhAraNa saMbhava nhiiN| yathA 17/405-406, 42/37. 64, 77, 112/15, 114/54, 55, 123/170-179, 181, 1821 raviSeNAcArya ne saMgItAtmaka sagota vikAsa ke lie chada yojanA kI hai, ataH viziSTa bhAvoM kI abhivyakti viziSTa chaMdoM ke dvArA hI upayukta hotI hai, laya kI vyavasthA chado ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki raviSeNa ne laya aura svaro kA sundara nirvAha kiyA hai| pratyeka parva ke aMta meM chaMda

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anekAnta-56/1-2 parivartana kara vividha vRtto kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 42 ve parva kI racanA nAnA chaMdo meM kI gaI hai| 78 veM parva kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usame vRtta-gandhi gadya kA prayoga huA hai, jisameM bhujaMgaprayAta chanda kA AbhAsa milatA hai|' alaMkAra yojanA kI apekSA se bhI yaha kAvya behada saphala hai| isameM anuprAya zleSa, upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, atizayokti, sandeha, virodhAbhAsa, bhrAntimAna. parikara. dRSTAnta, kAvyaliga, yathAsakhya Adi 32 alakAra prayukta hue hai| raviSeNAcArya ke padamacarita (padmapurANa) meM sabhI Avazyaka purANatattvo kA satulita samAveza hai| jaise-saMvAdatatva, pArivArika jIvana, kathA kI rocakatA. janamAnasa kA pratiphalana, purANagAthAe~, paramparAe, alakRta varNana, samakAlIna sAmAjika samasyAyeM, prema, zRgAra, kotuhala, manorajana, dharma, zraddhA aadi| padmapurANa kI bhASA-vacanikA kI vizeSatAyeM : __ A. raviSeNa kRta saMskRta bhASA ke vizAlatama padmapurANa grantha ko hindI (purAnI hindI) bhASA kI gadya-vidhA meM sarvaprathama prastuta karane kA zreya basavA (rAjasthAna) nivAsI 18vIM zatI ke zreSTha gadyakAra eva mahAkavi pa daulatarAma jI kAsalIvAla ko jAtA hai| inhone isa saskRta padyamaya padmapurANa ko prAcIna hindI kI gadyavidhA bhASA-vacanikA rUpa me sahaja, sarala, pravAhamayI zailI meM isa taraha prastuta kiyA ki yaha apane Apa meM eka maulika aura svatatra kRti sI lagatI hai| "bhASA vacanikA" jayapura ke AsapAsa kI lokabolI "DhU~DhArI'' meM jo purAnI hindI ke hI eka rUpa meM likhI gayI gadyavidhA kA hI nAma hai, jo ki pUre uttara bhArata meM Aja bhI par3hI aura samajhI jAtI hai| pa. daulatarAma jI kRta padmapurANa kI isI bhASA-vacanikA kA hindI gadya sAhitya ke vikAsa me mahattvapUrNa yogadAna mAnA gayA hai| padmapurANa bhASA vacanikA ke eka-do gadyAzoM ke uddharaNo se hama pa. daulatarAma jI kI sarala-sahaja-pravAhamayI bhASA aura zailI ko bhI samajha sakate haiM, sAtha hI yaha bhI jAna sakate haiM ki AcArya raviSeNa ke zabdoM ko pa. daulatarAma jI ne hRdayagrAhI bhAvoM ke rUpa meM kisa taraha prastuta kiyA hai| yaha padmapurANa bhASA vacanikA ke 97 veM parva ke usa prasaga kA uddharaNa hai, jaba

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36 anekAnta-56/1-2 zrIrAma kRtAtavakra senApati ke dvArA ratha para ArUDha karA satI sItA ko dUra vana me chor3a dene hetu tIrtha yAtrA ke bahAne bheja dete hai| vaha senApati du:khI mana se zrIrAma dvArA vana me chor3ane kA prayojana sItA se kahatA hai, taba satI sItA senApati se kahatI hai- "he senApati! tU mere vacana rAmasU kahiyo ki mere tyAga kA viSAda Apa na karaNA, parama dhIryakU avalambana kara sadA prajA kI rakSA kariyo, jaise pitA putra kI rakSA kreN| Apa mahAnyAyavata ho ara samasta kalA ke pAragAmI hAM, rAjA ka prajA hI Ananda kA kAraNa hai| rAjA vahI jAhi prajA zarada kI pUnoM ke candramA kI nyAI caahe| ara yaha saMsAra asAra hai, mahA bhayaMkara du:kha rUpa hai| jo samyakadarzana kara bhavyajIva sasArasU mukta hove haiM. so tihAre ArAdhive yogya haiN| tuma rAjatai samyagdarzana kU vizeSa bhalA jaaniyo| yaha rAjya to vinAzIka hai, ara samyagdarzana avinAzI sukha kA dAtA hai, so abhavya jIva 'dA kara, to unakI nidA ke bhaya se he puruSottama! samyakadarzana kR kadAcit na tjnaa|" ___ isI taraha 17 ve parva ke antargata jaba sItAjI ratha para ArUDha ho vanakI ora jA rahI haiM, usa samaya ke prakRti-citraNa ke antargata gagA nadI kA varNana bhI kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai-"yA bhAti citavatI sItA Agai gagA ko dekhatI bhii| kaisI hai gaMgA? ati sundara hai, zabda jAke, ara jAke madhya aneka jalacara jIva, mIna, makara, grahAdikavicare hai, tinake vicariye kari uddhata lahara uThe haiM, tAtai kampAyamAna bhae hai, kamala jA viSai, kara mUla se upAr3e hai, tIra ke uttaMga vRkSa jAne, ara ukhAr3e hai parvatani ke pASANa ke samUha jAne. samudra kI ora calI jAya hai, ati gambhIra hai, ujjavala phUlo kara zobhai hai, jhAgoM ke samUha uThai hai, ara bhramate je bhaMvara tinakara mahA bhayAnaka hai| ara dono DhAhAvo para baiThe pakSI zabada karai tai, so parama teja ke dhAraka ratha ke turaMga, tA nadI ko tira pAra bhae. pavana samAna hai vega jinakA, jaise sAdhu saMsAra samudra ke pAra hoy| prastuta hindI anuvAda bIsavI zatAbdI meM rASTrabhASA hindI meM raviSeNAcArya kRta padmapurANa kA anuvAda prastuta karane vAle sAgara (ma.pra.) nivAsI sAhitya manISI DaoN pannAlAla jI sAhityAcArya kA jaina sAhitya ke vikAsa meM advitIya yogadAna hai| inhoMne saskRta bhASA meM aneka maulika granthoM kA sRjana to kiyA hI, sAtha

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anekAnta-56/1-2 37 hI aneka saMskRta mahAkAvyoM, nATakoM, purANoM, tAttvika aura dhArmika grantho kA rASTrabhASA hindI meM anuvAda, sampAdana Adi kAryo dvArA saskRta, prAkRta ke jaina sAhitya ke amRtatattva ko janasAdhAraNa taka pahu~cAne meM kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA hai| jaina purANasAhitya ke anamola ratna rUpa-AdipurANa, uttarapurANa, padmapurANa, harivaMza purANa, zAntinAtha purANa, dhanyakumAra carita, pArzvanAtha carita Adi jaise vizAla saMskRta purANa-sAhitya ke pramukha granthoM kA sapAdana aura anuvAda karake DaoN. pannAlAlajI sAhityAcArya ne purANoM ke uddhAra aura unake svAdhyAya kI samRddha paramparA ko pracArita-prasArita karane kA eka sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| pa. daulatarAma jI kRta purAnI hindI rUpa gadyamaya bhASAvacanikA ke bAda Adhunika hindI meM A. raviSNakRta isa padmapurANa ko Adhunika hindI bhASA me prastuta karane kA eka gurutara aitihAsika saphala kArya DaoN. pannAlAla jI sAhityAcArya dvArA sampanna huA hai| isake adhyayana se hI spaSTa hai ki sAhityAcArya jI kI bhASA sarala, subodha aura viSayAnurUpa hRdayagrAhI hotI hai| aisA lagatA hai ki sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa pAThakoM ke sahajabodha kA bhI pUrA dhyAna anuvAda karate samaya unhone rakhA hai| isalie ve eka saphalatama hindI anuvAdaka ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| saMdarbha 1. ka. "padmacaritam' isa nAma se nyAyatIrtha pa darabArI lAla sAhityaratna dvArA sazodhita hAkara mANikacada di jaina granthamAlA, bambaI se san 1928 - 29 me pa nAthUrAma premI kI bhUmikA mahita nIna bhAgo me mUla saskRta bhASA meM prakAzita grnth| kha. pa daulatarAmakRta padmapurANa bhASAvanikA- nAmaka grantha ke kalakattA tathA zrI bhA anekAnta vidvat pariSad lohAriyA (rAjasthAna) se kucha saskaraNa prkaashit| ga. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI dvArA "padmapurANa" nAma se mUla saskRta me DaoN pannAlAla mAhityAcArya ke hindI anuvAda sahita tIna bhAgo meM prkaashit| jainadarzana vibhAgAdhyakSa, sampUrNAnanda saskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vaaraannsii|

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harivaMzapurANa para AdhArita racanAyeM ____ -DaoN. ramezacandra jaina zaka savat 705 (vi. sa. 840) meM AcArya jinasena prathama dvArA likhA gayA harivaMzapurANa eka uttama grantha hai| isameM bhagavAn neminAtha aura nArAyaNa zrIkRSNa ke jIvanacarita ke sAtha prasagopAtta anya kathAnaka bhI prApta hote hai| yaha racanA itanI lokapriya huI ki isake AdhAra para paravartI kAla meM aneka purANa aura kAvyagrantha likhe ge| harivaMza purANa ke jJAnapITha saMskaraNa me DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye tathA DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne isa prakAra kI aneka racanAo kA ullekha apane pradhAna sampAdakIya me kiyA hai| harivaMzaparANa ke nAma se saMskRta me dharmakIrti, zrutakIrti, sakalakIrti, jayasAgara, jinadAsa va maMgarasa kRta va pANDavapurANa nAma se zrIbhUSaNa, zubhacandra, vAdicandra, jayAnanda, vijayagaNi, devavijaya, devaprabha, devabhadra va zubhavarddhana kRta tathA neminAthacaritra ke nAma se sUrAcArya, udayaprabha, kIrtirAja, guNavijaya, hemacandra, bhojasAgara, tilakAcArya, vikrama, narasiha. hariSeNa, nemidatta Adi kRta racanAye jJAta hai| prAkRta meM ratnaprabha, guNavallabha aura guNasAgara dvArA tathA apabhraMza me svayambhU, dhavala, yaza:kIrti, zrutakIrti, haribhrada va raidhU dvArA racita purANa va kAvya jJAta ho cuke haiN| ina svatantra racanAoM ke atirikta jinasena, guNabhadra va hemacandra tathA puSpadanta kRta saskRta va apabhraMza mahApurANoM meM bhI yaha kathAnaka varNita hai evaM usakI svatantra prAcIna pratiyA~ bhI pAyI jAtI haiN| harivaMzapurANa, ariSTanemi yA nemicarita, pANDavapurANa va pANDavacarita Adi nAmoM se na jAne kitanI saMskRta, prAkRta va apabhraMza racanAyeM abhI bhI ajJAta rUpa se bhaNDAra meM par3I honA sambhava hai| prAcIna hindI va kannaDa meM bhI harivaza purANa ke AdhAra para racita grantha aneka haiN| harivazapurANa se 'pradyumnacarita' saMjJaka sabhI kRtiyA~ prabhAvita haiN| IsavI sana 978 ke AsapAsa mahAkavi mahAsena ne pradyumnacarita kI racanA kii| isa kAvya ko

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anekAnta-56/1-2 30) kathAvastu kA mUla srota jinasena prathama kA harivazapurANa hai| harivazapurANa kI pradyumnacarita sambandhI kathAvastu aura mahAsena kI kathAvastu me bahuta kucha samAnatAye haiN| isa purANa meM batAyA hai ki rukmiNI patra bhejakara zrI kRSNa ko apane varaNa ke lie bulatI hai, jabaki pradyumnacarita meM nArada ke anurodha para zrIkRSNa rukmiNI kA apaharaNa karane jAte haiN| harivaMzapurANa me AyA hai ki pradyumna ne kAlasavara ke zatru siMharatha napati ko vaza meM kiyA thA, jisase prasanna hokara usane apane pA~ca sau putro ke rahate hue bhI yuvarAja pada diyaa| pradyumnacarita me sAmAnyataH sabhI zatruo ko vaza meM karane kA nirdeza hai| isa kAvya meM kAlasavara ne pradyumna kI prApti ke samaya hI apanI patnI kaMcanamAlA ko use yuvarAja pada dene kA vacana diyA thaa| ata:eva usane pratijJAnusAra use yuvarAja pada diyaa| harivazapurANa aura pradyumnacarita dono hI grantho me kaMcanamAlA se gaurI aura prajJapti nAmaka vidyAo ke prApta kiye jAne kA nirdeza AyA hai| kAlasaMvara ke putroM ne pradyumna ko vibhinna sthAnoM meM paribhramaNa karAyA thA, jahA~ se use vibhinna prakAra ke astra, zastra prApta hue the| harivazapurANa me yaha sandarbha vistRta AyA hai| kapittha aura valmIka vana ke nAma bhI isa purANa meM Ae haiM, para pradyumnacarita meM ina vanoM kA nAmollekha nahI huA hai| ataH pradyumnacarita mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA bahubhAga harivaMzapurANa se gRhIta hai| kavi sadhAru ke hindI pradyumnacarita kI prastAvanA me zrImAn pa. cainasukhadAsa "nyAtIrtha' va DaoN. kastUcanda kAsalIvAla ne pradyumnacarita sambandhI nimnalikhita 25 kRtiyo kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo nimnalikhita haiM - racanA kartA racanAkAla 1. pradyumnacarita mahAsenAcArya saMskRta 11vIM sadI 2. pajjuNNakahA siMha athavA siddha apabhraMza 13vIM zatAbdI 3. pradyumnacarita kavisadhAru hindI saM. 2411 4. pradyumnacarita bhaTAraka sakalakorti saMskRta 15vIM zatAbdI 5. pradyumnacaritra raidhU apabhraMza 15vIM zatAbdI 6. pradyumnacaritra somakIrti saMskRta saM. 1530 7. pradyumnacaupaI kamalakezara hindI saM. 1626 8. pradyumna rAso brahmarAyamalla hindI saM. 1628 bhASA

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anekAnta-56/1-2 9. pradyumnacaritra ravisAgara saMskRta saM. 1645 10. zAmba pradyumnarAsa samayasundara rAjasthAnI sa. 1659 11. pradyumnacaritra zubhacandra saMskRta 17vIM zatAbdI 12. pradyumnacaritra ratanacandra saMskRta sa. 1671 13. pradyumnacaritra masilabhUSaNa saskRta 17vI zatAbdI 14. pradyumnacaritra vAdicandra saMskRta 17vIM zatAbdI 15. zAmba pradyumnarAsa jJAnAsAgara hindI 17vIM zatAbdI 16. zAmba pradyumna caupaI jinacandrasUri hindI 17vI zatAbdI 17. pradyumnacaritra bhAgakIrti saskRta 17vIM zatAbdI 18 pradyumnacaritra jinezvasUri saMskRta 17vI zatAbdI 19. pradyumnacaritra yazodhara saskRta 17vI zatAbdI 20. pradyumnacarita bhASA yazodhara hindI gadya 17vIM zatAbdI 21. pradyumnacarita prabandha devendrakIrti hindI saM. 1722 22. pradyura- pradyumnarAsa mAyArAma hindI sa. 1818 23. zAmba pradyumnarAsa harSavijaya hindI sa. 1842 24. pradyumna prakAza zivacanda hindI sa. 1879 25. pradyumnacarita bakhtAvarasiMha hindI gadya saM. 1914 I. san 1075- 1125 me hue vAgabhaTTaprathama ne neminirvANakAvyam kI racanA kii| kavi ne jinasena prathama ke harivaMzapurANa se kathAvastu ko grahaNa kiyA hai| isa kAvya me ariSTanemi kI janmatithi zrAvaNa zuklA SaSThI batAyI gaI hai| isakA harivaMzapurANa se mela nahIM baiThatA hai| uttarapurANa meM ukta tithi prApta hotI hai para jIvanavRtta harivaMzapurANa ke samAna hai| kavi ne uttarapurANa aura harivaMzapurANa ke sAtha 'tiloyapaNNattI' kA bhI adhyayana kiyA hai| kavi ne neminAtha ke garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura nirvANa kalyANakoM kA nirUpaNa sIdhe aura sarala rUpa meM kiyA hai| prAsaMgika kathAoM kA niyojana pUrvabhavAvali ke rUpa meM trayodaza sarga meM kiyA gayA hai| neminAtha ke jIvana kI do marmasparzI ghaTanAye isa kAvya meM haiN| eka ghaTanA rAjula aura nemi kA raivataka para pArasparika darzana aura darzana ke phalasvarUpa dono ke hRdaya meM premAkarSaNa kI utpatti ke rUpa

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anekAnta-56/1-2 me haiN| dUsarI ghaTanA pazuoM kA karuNa krandana suna vilakhatI rAjula tathA Ardanetra hAtha jor3e ugrasena ko chor3a mAnavatA kI pratiSThA ke lie vana meM tapazcaraNa ke lie jAnA hai| ina donoM ghaTanAoM ne kathA vastu ko paryApta sarasa aura mArmika banAyA hai| kavi ne vasantavarNana, raivatakavarNana, jalakrIr3A. sUryodaya, surata, madirApAna prabhRti kAvya viSayo kA samAveza kathA ko sarasa banAne ke lie kiyA hai| ghaTanApravAha kSINa hone para bhI alaMkRta varNanoM kI pradhAnatA hai| saMdhyA, prabhAta, nagara, deza, vana, nadI, parvata, samudra, dvIpa Adi prAkRtika vastuo kA sAgopAMga aura alaMkRta varNana nihita hai| jIvana ke vibhinna vyApAroM aura paristhitiyoM ke citraNa meM pUrvacintA, prema, vivAha, kumArodaya, madhupAna, goSThI, vanavihAra, jalakrIr3A Adi kA nirupaNa kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne yugajIvana kA citraNa vastuvyApAroM aura paristhitiyoM ke dvArA prastuta kiyA hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne vAgvara (vAgaDa) prAnta ke antargata zAkavATa (sAgavADA) nagara meM vikrama saMvat 1608 bhAdrapada dvitIyA ke dina pANDavapurANa kI racanA kii| isakI zloka sakhyA 6000 hai| isa racanA meM bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne harivazapurANa tathA devaprabhasUri viracita pANDavacaritra kA kAphI upayoga kiyA hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne harivaza purANokta kathA tathA zabdaracanA kA Azraya lete hue ukta kathA ko apanI ruci va AmnAya ke anusAra yatra tatra parivarddhita bhI kiyA hai|| udAharaNArtha harivaMzapurANakAra ne pANDavoM kI utpatti isa prakAra batalAI hai _ 'zAntanu rAjA kI patnI yojanagandhA thii| isase unake dhRtavyAsa putra huaa| dhRtavyAsa kA putra dhRtadharmA aura usakA bhI putra dhRtarAja thaa| dhRtarAja ke ambikA, ambAlikA aura ambA nAma kI tIna patniyA~ thii| unase dhRtarAja ke kramazaH dhRtarASTra, pANDu aura vidura ye tIna putra hue| inameM dhRtarASTra ke putra duryodhana Adi the| pANDu kA vivAha kuntI ke sAtha huA thaa| usake vivAha hone se pUrva kanyAvasthA meM karNa putra huA, pazcAt vivAhita avasthA me yudhiSThira, bhIma aura arjuna ye tIna putra hue| nakula aura sahadeva pANDu kI dvitIya patnI bhAdrI se utpanna hue the| yahA~ bhISma kA janma zAntanu kI hI paramparA meM gaMgA nAmaka mAtA se batalAyA gayA hai|

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anekAnta-56/1-2 pANDava purANa meM unakI utpatti isa prakAra batalAI gaI hai- zAntanu ke savakI nAmaka patnI se parAzara rAjA utpanna huaa| usakA vivAha janhu vidyAdhara kI putrI jAnhavI ke sAtha huaa| ina donoM ke gAMgeya putra utpanna huaa| gAMgeya ke apUrva tyAga va vizeSa prayatna se parAzara ko nAvika paripAlita ratnAGgada kI putrI guNavatI (yojanagandhikA) kA lAbha huA thaa| parAzara aura guNavatI ne vyAsa ko janma diyaa| vyAsa ke sumadrA patnI se dhRtarASTra, pANDu aura vidura ye tIna putra utpanna hue| inameM pANDu ne kuntI se karNa, yudhiSThira, bhIma aura arjuna tathA bhAdrI se nakula aura sahadeva ko utpanna kiyaa| ___ isa paramparA meM harivaMzapurANa ke kartA ne kevala zAntanu Adi ke nAmoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai, kintu pANDavapurANa ke kartA ne una nAmoM ke Azrita kucha vizeSa, ghaTanAoM ko bhI jor3A hai| jaise-parAzara aura guNavatI aadi| guNavatI yaha nAma sambhavataH zubhacandra ke dvArA hI kalpita kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai, anyathA mahAbhArata, devaprabhasUri ke pANDavacarita ora uttarapurANa meM isake sthAna para satyavatI nAma pAyA jAtA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM zAntanu kI patnI kA jo yojanagandhA nAma nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai, pANDavapurANa ke kartA ne bhI usakA sambandha guNavatI (satyavatI) ke sAtha jor3A hai| (parva zlo. 115) vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne mahAbhArata athavA devaprabhasUri ke pANDavacaritra ke anusAra isa ghaTanA kA sIdhA sambandha zAntanu se na jor3akara uttarapurANa ke nirdezAnusAra unake putra vyAsa ke sAtha jor3A hai| harivaMzapuraNa meM sukumArikA (dropadI kI pUrva paryAya) ke sAtha jinadeva kA vAnizcaya aura jinadatta ke sAtha vivAha kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| yathAkanyAM tAmApa durgandhA vRtAM bndhubhirgrjH| parityajya pravavrAja suvrataH suvrtaantike| kanIyAn jinadattastAM bndhuvaakyoproghtH| pariNIyApi tatyAja durgndhaamtiduurtH| -harivaMzapurANa 64/120-121 . uttara purANa parva 72 zloka 245 se 248 paryanta ke zlokoM kA bhI yahI

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anekAnta-56/1-2 Azaya hai| ataH ina donoM AcAryoM ke anusAra pANDavapurANakAra ne bhI vaisA hI ullekha kara sukumArikA ke sAtha vivAha ke sAtha vivAha ke prastAva se virakta hokara jinadeva ke dIkSita hone tathA jinadatta ke sAtha usake vivAha hone kA ullekha kiyA hai (parva 24 zloka 24-43) isake atirikta pANDavapurANa me kucha aise padya bhI pAye jAte haiM, jo harivaMzapurANa ke padyoM se atyanta prabhAvita hai| yathA-- tataste dakSiNAndezAnvihRtya hastinaM purm| gantuM samudyatAzcAsan bhujjanto dhrmjNphlm|| kramAnmArgavazAtprApurmAkandI nagarI nRpaaH| svaH purImivadevaughara budhsiimntiniishritaam|| pA. pu 15/36-37 vihRtya vividhAn dezAn dAkSiNAtyAn mhodyaaH| te hastinApuraM gantuM pravRttA paannddunndnaaH| prAptA argavazAd vizve bhAkandI nagarI divH| praticchandasthitiM divyAM dadhAnA devvibhrmaaH|| harivaMzapurANa 45/119-120 inake atirikta nimnAMkita zlokoM kA bhI milAna kiyA jA sakatA haiha. puM. sarga 45-126 127-129 132 135-139 54, 57, 60 pANDava pu. pa.-15 54 66-68 108 112-116 22, 8-18 sandarbha 1. DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI : saskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna pR. 114, 2 pa. cainasukhadAsa eva pa. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ke anusAra, 3. zuddhavaizAkhatrayodazattithau-harivaMzapurANa (kAzI 1962 I -jJAnapITha saskaraNa), 4 zrAvaNa site SaSThayA-uttarapurANa. 5 saskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyo kA yogadAna pR. 287, 6. pANDavapurANa-prastAvanA -le.pa. bAlacandra zAstrI pR. 1-3 jaina mandira ke pAsa. bijanaura, u.pra.

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DaoNkTara jagadIzacandra jaina : vyaktitva aura kRtitva -DaoN. RSabhacandra jaina "phaujadAra" __ jaina vidyA ke pratiSThita vidvAnoM meM DA. jagadIzacandra jaina kA nAma agrapakti meM AtA hai| unakA janma bIsavIM zatAbdI ke pahale dazake ke navameM varSa arthAt 1909 meM huA thaa| unhoMne 1932 meM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI me ema.e. darzanazAstra kI upAdhi tathA san 1944 meM baMbaI vizvavidyAlaya se "soziyala lAipha ina aiMzieMTa inDiyA eja DipikTeDa ina jaina kenansa'' viSaya para pI.eca.DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI thii| DA. jaina pratibhAzAlI, svAdhyAyI, laganazIla aura svAbhimAnI vyaktitva ke dhanI the| jIvana ke prArabha se hI ve kamyunisTa vicAradhArA se prabhAvita the| apane mitroM ko ve hamezA "kAmareDa" kahakara sambodhita kiyA karate the| DA. jaina 1952 se 1969 taka rAmanArAyaNa ruiyA kAleja, baMbaI me hindI vibhAga ke adhyakSa aura prophesara ke rUpa me zikSaNa kArya me salagna rhe| bIca me akTUbara 1958 se navabambara 1959 taka ve prAkRta jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI meM prAkata aura jainazAstra viSaya ke klAsa vana prophesara bhI rhe| vaizAlI meM apanI niyukti ke sambandha meM ve svayaM likhate haiM ---- "san 1956 se hI prAkRta jaina vidyApITha mujaphpharapura (bihAra) meM merI niyukti kI bAta cala rahI thii| lagabhaga do varSa bAda bihAra sarakAra ne apanI bhUla kA saMzodhana kara antataH akTUbara, 1958 meM prAkRta jaina vidyApITha meM merI niyukti kara udAratA kA paricaya diyaa|" (prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bhUmikA, pR.4) prAkRta jaina vidyApITha ke saMsthApaka DAirekTara DaoNkTara hIrAlAla jaina ke kAryakAla meM DA. jaina yahAM niyukta hue the| DA. hIrAlAla jaina ke viSaya meM unhoMne likhA hai----"prAkRta jaina vidyApITha ke DAirekTara DaoNkTara hIrAlAla jaina kA mujha para vizeSa sneha rahA hai| vidyApITha meM unakA sahayogI vanakara kArya karane kA saubhAgya mujhe milA, unhoMne mujhe sadA protsAhita hI kiyaa|" (prAkRta

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anekAnta-56/1-2 sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhUmikA, pR. 5) pUrva saMsthA ke padAdhikAriyoM dvArA prAkRta jaina vidyApITha meM kArya karane hetu anumati dene ke lie unake prati DA. jaina ne AbhAra vyakta kiyA hai----"pUnA kI zikSaNa prasAraka maNDalI dvArA saMcAlita rAmanArAyaNa ruiyA kAleja, baMbaI ke adhikAriyo kA bhI me atyanta AbhArI hU~, jinhoMne avakAza pradAna kara mujhe prAkRta jaina vidyApITha meM kArya karane kI anumati dii|" (prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhUmikA pR. 5) ___ vartamAna me saMsthAna ke variSTha prophesara DA. lAlacanda jaina ne carcA ke daurAna batAyA ki pro. jagadIzacandra jaina ne apane svAbhimAna kI rakSA ke lie hI vaizAlI ko chor3A thaa| sambhavataH DA. jaina kI kisI apekSA ko bihAra sarakAra pUrNa nahI kara sakI thI, jisakI pratikriyA meM unhoMne pAkRta vidyApITha kI prophesarazipa se tyAga-patra de diyA aura unhoMne bihAra kI rAjadhAnI paTanA meM savAdadAtA sammelana Ayojita kara kahA ki bihAra sarakAra ke kAryakalApo se asatuSTa hokara meM tyAga-patra dekara jA rahA huuN| ___ bAda me DA. jaina prAkRtazodha sasthAna kI janarala kAunsila, prakAzana samiti evaM prAkRta DikzanarI projekTa kI salAhakAra samiti ke aneka varSo taka mAnada sadasya rahe hai| saMsthAna ke kriyAkalApo meM unakA sahAnubhUti pUrNa sahayoga rahA hai| lagabhaga 1987 kI bAta hai| DA. jaina saMsthAna kI janarala kAunsila kI baiThaka tathA mahAvIra jayantI ke upalakSya meM Ayojita vidvatgoSThI meM pramukha vaktA ke rUpa meM vaizAlI Aye the, jisakA unheM havAI jahAja kA mArga-vyaya deya thA, kintu jaTila sarakArI prakriyA ke kAraNa usa samaya unhe mArga-vyaya kA bhugatAna nahIM ho paayaa| kinhIM anya kAraNoM se unakA bhugatAna lagabhaga do varSa taka lambita raha gyaa| isase dukhI hokara DA. jaina ne bhArata sarakAra aura bihAra sarakAra ke sambaddha maMtrAlayoM, vibhAgoM tathA bihAra ke rAjyapAla ko bhI ukta sandarbha me likha diyaa| taba Anana-phAnana meM saMsthAna ke tatkAlIna prabhArI nidezaka pro. lAlacanda jaina ke prayatna se san 88-89 meM unhe bakAyA mArga-vyaya kA bhugatAna kiyA jA skaa| aise svAbhimAnI aura nirbhaya the DA. jagadIzacandra jain|

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anekAnta-56/1-2 mere vidyAgurU prophesara (DA. gokulacandra jaina pUrva AcArya evaM adhyakSa, prAkRta evaM jainAgama vibhAga, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizva vidyAlaya, vArANasI) se DA. jaina ke atyanta madhura evaM najadIkI sambandha rahe haiN| DA. jaina ke sambandha meM maiMne unase aneka saMsmaraNa sune haiN| jinameM vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina ke 1994, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura ke 1987 aura sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI ke yU.jI.sI. seminAroM kI smRtiyA~, gAdhIjI se sambaddha ghaTanA aura DA. phUlacanda jaina premI jI kI pustaka "mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" kA saMsmaraNa pramukha rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| DA. jaina ke darzana evaM sAkSAtkAra kA mujhe do bAra avasara milA hai| pahalI bAra san 1987 meM "prAkRta evaM jainavidyA kI antarazAstrIya adhyayana sagoSThI", prAkRta evaM jainAgama vibhAga. sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANI me unakA vyAkhyAna sunane evaM sevA karane kA avasara milA thA, usa samaya me ukta vibhAga meM vidyAvAridhi (pIeca. DI.) kI upAdhi ke lie anusandhAna kArya kara rahA thaa| dUsarI bAra sambhavataH ve vaizAlI se lauTate samaya jaina siddhAta bhavana ko dekhane hetu ArA padhAre the, usa samaya apanI jijJAsA zAnta karane hetu mujhe maukA mila gayA aura tatkAla hI maiMne gurUmukha se sune hue gAMdhIjI se sambaddha mahatvapUrNa sandarbha ko jAnane kI icchA unake sAmane vyakta kara dii| unhone prasannAtApUrvaka pUrI ghaTanA kA yathArtha citraNa hama logoM ke samakSa kara diyaa| usa samaya mere sAtha ArA ke pramukha samAja sevI bAbU subodhakumAra jaina raIsa, pro. rAjArAma jaina, zrI jinezakumAra jaina Adi bhI maujUda the| rAmanArAyaNa ruiyA kAleja, bambaI se sevAnivRtti ke bAda DA. jaina 1970 meM pazcima jarmanI ke kIla vizvavidyAlaya meM bhAratIya adhyayana vibhAga ke anusandhAna prophesara niyukta huye, vahAM unhoMne 1974 taka bhAratIya vidhAo para anusaMdhAna kArya kiyaa| . ___ DA. jaina ko aneka rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya avArDa prApta hue haiM----"prAkRta jJAna bhAratI ejUkezana TrasTa, baiMgalora'' ne san 1990 meM pahalI bAra prAkRta aura jainavidyAoM ke kSetra meM zodharata vidvAnoM ke lie "prAkRta jJAnabhAratI avArDa" dene kI ghoSaNA kii| isake lie 10 vayovRddhoM kA cayana kiyA gayA, jinameM

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* anekAnta - 56/1-2 47 "" DA. jagadIzacandra jaina kA nAma pahalA thA / ye avArDa vidvAnoM ko 'prathama rASTrIya prAkRta sammelana meM disambara 8-9, san 1990 ko pradAna kiye gye| usI samaya ukta TrasTa ke TrasTiyoM ne rASTrIya prAkRta sammelana tathA prAkRta jJAna bhAratI avArDa ko TrasTa ke pramukha vArSika kAryo meM eka mahatvapUrNa kArya hone kA saMkalpa vyakta kiyaa| DaoN. jaina ne apanI aura se ukta puraskAra yojanA me sahayoga hetu pA~ca hajAra rupaye dene kI ghoSaNA kii| DaoN. jaina ke sammAna meM bhArata sarakAra ke saMcAra vibhAga ne DAka TikiTa "" jArI kiyA thaa| 'prathama prAkRta jJAnabhAratI avArDas' ke prakAzita vivaraNa ke anusAra DA. jaina 1990 taka lagabhaga 70 grantha likha cuke the| vahA~ kevala grantho kI saMkhyA kA ullekha hai| maiM sImita sAdhanoM meM unakI jinakRtiyo ke sandarbha khoja sakA hU~, unakI sUcI isa prakAra hai- 1. syAdvAda - maMjarI sampAdana eva anuvAda, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, 1935, 1970 2. jaina Agamo meM prAcIna bhArata kA citraNa, lekhana, 1945 3. do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAniyA~, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1946 4. prAcIna bhArata kI kahAniyA~, hinda kitAbsa limiTeDa, bambaI, 1946 5. soziyala lAipha ina aiMziezaTa iNDiyA eja DipikTeDa ina jaina kenansa, nyU buka kampanI, bambaI, 1947 6. bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1952 7. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1961 8. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1965 9. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 2, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1966, 1989 10. prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda, 1971 11. da jaina ve Apha lAipha da ekeDemika presa, gur3agAMva, 1991 12. bhAratIya tatvacintana, rAjakamala prakAzana /

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1-56/1-2 13. ramaNI ke ruup| 14. vsudevhinnddii| 15. da jenIsisa eNDa grotha oNpha prAkRta jaina nairaeNTiva liTarecara, DA. jaina kI katipaya kRtiyo kA vivaraNa yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA syAdvAdamaMjarI syAdvAdamaMjarI vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM meM jainadarzana ke pAThyakramoM meM nirdhArita lokapriya pAThyagrantha hai| isake hindI, aMgrejI aura gujarAtI bhASAo me aneka saskaraNa prakAzita hue haiN| 1932 meM DA. jaina kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya meM ema.e. (darzanazAstra) meM adhyayana kara rahe the, usI samaya syAdvAdamaMjarI para kArya karane kI unheM AvazyakatA pratIta huI, jise unhIM ke zabdoM meM dekhe---"jisa samaya meM hindU yunivarsiTI meM ema.e. meM AdaraNIya pro. phaNibhUSaNa adhikArI se syAdvAdamaMjarI par3hatA thA, usa samaya mujhe unake sAtha darzana zAstra ke aneka viSayoM para carcA karane kA avasara prApta huA thaa| usI samaya se merI icchA thI ki maiM syAdvAdamaMjarI para kucha likhakara jainadarzana tathA rASTrabhASA kI sevA kruuN| saMyogavaza pichale varSa (1934 I.) merA bambaI meM AnA huA aura maiMne rAmacandra jainazAstramAlA ke vyavasthApaka zrIyuta maNIlAla revAzaMkara jagajIvana jhaverI kI svIkRtipUrvaka syAdvAdamaMjarI kA kAma AraMbha kara diyaa|" (syAdvAdamaMjarI kI bhUmikA pR. 5) AcArya hemacandra ne siddhasena kI dvAtriMzikAoM kA anukaraNa karate hue tIrthakara mahAvIra kI stuti meM anyavyavacchedikA aura ayogavyavacchedikA nAma kI do dvAtriMzikAe~ racI thiiN| anyayogavyavacchedikA meM anya darzanoM meM dUSaNo kA pradarzana kiyA gayA hai tathA ayogavyavacchedikA meM svapakSa kI siddhi kI gaI hai| anyogavyavacchedikA kI malliSeNasUri kI saMskRta TIkA kA nAma syAdvAdamaMjarI hai| syAdvAdamaMjarI ke isI saMskaraNa meM hindI anuvAda ke sAtha mUlarUpa meM ayogavyavacchedikA bhI samAyojita kI gaI hai| grantha kA yaha saMskaraNa aneka dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai| isakA saMzodhana rAyacandra zAstramAlA kI eka prAcIna aura zuddha hastalikhita prati ke AdhAra se

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anekAnta-56/1-2 49 kiyA gayA hai| prati meM lekhanakAla kA ullekha nahIM hai| mUlapATha ke kaThina sthaloM ko spaSTa karane ke lie saMskRta meM TippaNiyA~ dI gaI haiN| anuvAda ko yathAsaMbhava sarala-subodha banAyA gayA hai| viSaya ko sarala aura spaSTa banAne ke lie nyAya ke kaThina viSayoM ko zaMkA-samAdhAna, vAdI prativAdI, spaSTArtha, bhAvArtha Adi zIrSaka dekara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ukta saMskaraNa kA pariziSTa bhAga sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai, isa sambandha meM DA. jaina ke ye vAkya dRSTavya haiM- " pariziSTa- isa saMskaraNa kA mahatvapUrNa bhAga hai| isame jaina, bauddha, nyAya-vaizaSika, sAMkhya-yoga, pUrva mImAMsA, vedAnta, cArvAka aura vividha nAma ke ATha pariziSTa haiN| jaina pariziSTa meM tulanAtmaka dRSTiyo meM bauddhoM ke vijJAnavAda, zUnyavAda, anAtmavAda Adi dArzanika siddhAMtoM kA pAli, saMskRta aura aMgrejI bhASA ke granthoM ke AdhAra se prAmANika vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AzA hai isake par3hane se pAThakoM kI bauddha darzana saMbaMdhI bahuta-sI bhAMti pUrNa dhAraNAye dUra hogii| tIsare nyAya- - vaizeSika pariziSTa meM Izvara saMbaMdhI carcA vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| cauthe sAMkhya-yoga pariziSTa meM sAMkhya, yoga jaina aura bauddha darzanoM kI tulanA karate samaya jo brAhmaNa aura zramaNa saMskRti saMbadhI bheda dikhAyA gayA hai, vaha aitihAsika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| pAMcave pariziSTa meM mImAMsaka aura jainoM kI tulanA, chaThe meM zaMkara ke mAyAvAda kI vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda se tulanA, sAtave meM cArvAkamata aura Anandaghana jI kA use jina - bhagavAna kI kUkha batAnA aura AThave pariziSTa me AjIvika sampradAya dhyAnapUrvaka par3hane yogya haiN|" (syAdvAdamaMjarI kI bhUmikA, pR. 4-5 ) / uparyukta pariziSTa atyanta parizrama pUrvaka likhA gayA hai| ise dekhane se lekhaka ke gaMbhIra adhyayana eva cintana-manana kI adbhuta kSamatA kA patA sahaja hI laga jAtA hai / grantha ke anta me vizeSa mahatva kI teraha anukramaNikAyeM bhI gaI haiN| prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa san 1945 meM jaba DA. jaina ne "jaina AgamoM meM prAcIna bhArata kA citraNa " nAmaka mahAnibandha ( thIsisa) likhakara pUrA kiyA, usI samaya se unakI icchA prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa likhane kI thI, jise ve prAkRta - jainazAstra viSaya ke prophesara ke rUpa meM niyukta hokara pUrNa kara ske| prAkRta bhASA ke sAhitya

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anekAnta-56/1-2 - kA itihAsa likhanA kyo Avazyaka thA, ise hama unhI ke zabdo meM dekhate haiM___ "bhArata ke aneka vizvavidyAlayoM meM prAkRta kA paThana-pAThana ho rahA hai, lekina usakA jaisA cAhie vaisA AlocanAtmaka kramabaddha adhyayana abhI taka nahIM huaa| bhArata ke aneka suyogya vidvAna isa dizA me zlAghanIya prayatna kara rahe haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa aneka sAskRtika aura aitihAsika mahatvapUrNa upayogI grantha prakAza meM Aye hai| lekina jaisA Thosa kArya saMskRta sAhitya ke kSetra me huA hai vaisA prAkRta sAhitya ke kSetra meM abhI taka nahI huaa| isa dRSTi se prAkRta sAhitya ke itihAsa ko kramabaddha prastuta karane kA yaha sarvaprathama prayAsa hai|" (prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhUmikA, pR.-1) ukta grantha gyAraha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| pahale adhyAya meM bhASAo kA vargIkaraNa karate hue lekhaka ne prAkRta kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA hai| dUsare adhyAya me ardhamAgadhI jaina Agama sAhitya ke bAraha ago, bAraha upAMgo, prakIrNakoM, chedasUtro tathA mUlasUtro kA samIkSAtmaka vivaraNa hai| tIsare adhyAya meM Agama sAhitya para racita niyuktiyo, bhASyo, pUrNiyo aura TIkAo kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| cauthe adhyAya meM zaurasenI prAkRta ke Agama eva Agametara sAhitya kA varNana hai| pA~caveM adhyAya me Agamottara kAlIna jainadharma sambandhI sAhitya ko sAmAnya grantha, darzana-khaMDana-maMDana, siddhAta, karma siddhAta, zrAvakAcAra, prakaraNa-grantha, sAmAcArI, vidhi-vidhAna Adi zIrSakoM meM vibhAjita karake unakA samIkSAtmaka vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| chaThe adhyAya meM kathAo kA mahatva pratipAdita karate hue lekhaka ne lagabhaga paitIsa kathA granthoM kA paricaya prastuta kiyA hai| isI adhyAya meM aupadezika kathA-sAhitya ko pRthak zIrSaka dekara samAhita kiyA gayA hai| sAtaveM adhyAya me prAkRta ke carita granthoM aura stuti-stotra sAhitya kA vivaraNa hai| AThaveM adhyAya meM prAkRta kAvya sAhitya ke unnIsa granthoM kA paricaya karAyA gayA hai| nauveM adhyAya meM saMskRta nATakoM meM upalabdha prAkRtoM tathA prAkRta meM racita chaha saTTakoM kA paricaya hai| dasave adhyAya meM prAkRta ke vyAkaraNoM, chandazAstra ke granthoM, koza tathA saMskRta ke alaMkArazAstra ke granthoM meM prApta hone vAlI prAkRta kA samIkSAtmaka vivaraNa

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1-56/12 prastuta kiyA gayA hai| gyArahave adhyAya me zAstrIya prAkRta sAhitya ke antargata arthazAstra, rAjanItizAstra, nimittazAstra, jyotipazAstra, vAstuzAstra Adi ke granthoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| isI adhyAya meM prAkRta ke hAthIguMphA aura nAsika ke zilAlekho kA sakSipta byorA bhI prastuta hai| / ___anta meM pariziSTa-1 ke antargata prAkRta granthoM ke kucha viziSTa zabdo ko sUcI mUla prAkRta evaM hindI anuvAda ke sAtha dI gaI hai| pariziSTa-2 me alakAra granthoM meM upalabdha prAkRta ke prAyaH pA~ca sau padya hindI anuvAda ke sAtha diye gaye haiN| sahAyaka grantho kI sUcI tathA sasandarbha vistRta zabdAnukramaNikA bhI grantha ke anta meM samAyojita hai| ukta grantha me I. pU. 5vI zatI se lekara 1800 I. taka arthAt lagabhaga 2300 varSoM meM likhe evaM sakalita kiye gaye tIna sau se adhika prAkRta grantho kA samIkSAtmaka tathA silasile bAra vivaraNa pahalI bAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isalie ukta grantha vizeSarUpa se mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha bhI saMyoga hI hai ki DaoN jaina ne prAkRta jainazAstra aura ahisA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI ke prAkRtika eva suramya vAtAvaraNa me lagabhaga eka varSa taka lagAtAra kaThina parizrama karake pahalA prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa likhaa| jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-2 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha sasthAna, vArANasI ne aneka bhAgA meM "jana sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa'' vizeSajJa vidvAno se taiyAra karavAkara prakAzita karane kI yojanA prassAvita kI thii| usI yojanA ke antargata dusare bhAga ke lekhana kA dAyitva DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina eva DaoN. mohanalAla mahatA ko saupA gayA thA, jise ukta vidvAnoM ne pUrI jimmedArI se nibhaayaa| dUsare bhAga me agavAhya AgamA kA vistRta aura AlocanAtmaka paricaya diyA gayA hai| lekhana ke sambandha meM DaoN. mehatA ne grantha ke prAkkathana meM svayaM likhA hai----"prastuta bhAga kA upAMga evaM mUlasUtra vibhAga yazasvI vidvAna DaoN. jagadIzacandra kA likhA huA hai tathA zeSa aMza maiMne likhA hai|'' (pR. 5) aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAjIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti jambUdvIpaprajJapti, nirayAvalikA yA kalpikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpacUlikA

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52 anaMkAnta - 56/1-2 aura vRSNidazA ye bAraha upAMga kahe gaye haiN| uttarAdhyayana, piNDaniryukti aura odya niyukti ye mUlasUtra haiN| prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga dvArA sevAnivRtta prAdhyApakoM ko viziSTa adhyayana - anusaMdhAna ke nimitta diyA jAne vAlA puraskAra ( phailozipa) DaoN. jaina ko milA thaa| 1970 meM ve usI ke lie prAkRta kathA sAhitya para anusaMdhAna kArya kara rahe the| isI bIca paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne DA. jaina se zrI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI vyAkhyAna mAlA ke antargata " prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya" viSaya lekara vyAkhyAna dene hetu anurodha kiyA, jise unhoMne turanta svIkAra kiyaa| ukta vyAkhyAna lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira ahamadAvAda me 78 eva 9 sitambara 1970 ko sampanna hue| u vyAkhyAno kA mudritarUpa " prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya" nAmaka grantha hai| yaha grantha kathAo kA saMgraha mAtra nahI hai, apitu jaina kathA sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhI hai jo apUrva hai| DaoN. jaina ne isa grantha meM vizeSarUpa saM vasudevahiNDI aura bRhatkathA saMgraha kI kathAo kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhI prastuta kiyA hai| kathAoM ke aitihAsika adhyayana kI dRSTi se yaha grantha bahuta upAdeya hai| prastuti rUcikara aura bhASA sarvagrAhya hai| . dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka. ardhamAgadhI jainAgamoM kI TIkAo meM upalabdha kathAo ke alAvA prAkRta bhASA meM racita aneka kathA grantha haiM, jinake AdhAra para DaoN. jaina ne ukta kathAgrantha ko saMjoyA hai| lekhaka kI sUjha-bUjha kA digdarzana grantha kaM prastutIkaraNa meM sahaja hI prApta ho jAtA hai| lekhaka ne kathAo kA pramukha uddezya manoraMjana ke sAtha-sAtha dharma, artha aura kAmarUpa puruSArtho se jana sAmAnya ko paricita karAnA batalAyA hai| grantha ko lekhaka ne cAra adhyAyo me prastuta kiyA hai- 1. prAkRta kI laukika kathAe~ 2. prAkRta kI dharmakathAe~ 3. vasudevahiNDI aura bRhatkathA tathA 4 jainakathA sAhitya : kahAniyoM kA anupama bhaDAra / pahale adhyAya meM kathAo kA mahatva evaM uddezya batalAyA hai| yahA~ zRMgAra pradhAna kAmasaMbaMdhI kathAoM me agar3adatta kA kAmopAkhyAna siMhakumAra aura kusumAvalI kI prema kathA, kuvalayacandra aura

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anekAnta -56/1-2 53 kuvalayamAlA kI praNayakathA tathA lIlAvatI aura usakI sakhiyoM kI prema kathAe~ pramukharUpa se kahI gaI haiN| arthApArjana kI kathAoM meM cArudatta kI sAhasika yAtrA, ibhyaputroM kI pratijJA . lobhadeva kI ratnadvIpa yAtrA evaM potavaNikoM ke AkhyAna haiN| yahIM para mArga kI thakAna dUra karane vAlI kathAe~ bhI kahI gaI haiN| ina kathAo se saskRtiyoM kA AdAna-pradAna bhI hotA thaa| / dUsare adhyAya meM prAkRta kI dharma aura nIti saMbaMdhI kathAe~ saMkalita kI gaI haiN| isameM dhUrtA aura pAkhaNDiyo kI kathAe~, mUrkhA aura vihA~ kI kathAe~, buddhicamatkAra kI kathAe~ pacatatra aura bauddhajAtakA kI kathAoM se jaina kathAoM kI tulanA evaM vairAgyavardhaka jainakathAe~ pramukha rUpa se dI gaI haiN| tIsare adhyAya meM vasudeva hiNDI aura bRhatkathA kI kathAoM kI tulanA ko gaI hai| cauthe adhyAya meM jaina kathA sAhitya ko laukika kahAniyoM kA anupama bhaMDAra kahA gayA hai| prAkRta sAhitya meM rocaka aura manorajaka lokakathAe~, lokagathAe~, nItikathAe~, daMtakathAe~, parIkathAe~, prANikathAe~, kalpita kathAe~, dRSTAnta kathAe~, laghukathAe~, AkhyAna aura vArtAe~ upalabdha haiM, jo bhAratIya saMskRti kI akSaya nidhi haiN| uparyukta vivaraNa DaoN. jaina ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kA digdarzana mAtra hai| ve bIsavIM zatAbdI ke aise vidvAna the, jo sadI ke sabhI dazakoM meM samAja ko rASTrIya tathA antarrASTrIya stara para naI dizA dene meM Age rhe| 28 julAI 1994 ko 85 varSa kI Ayu meM unakA nidhana ho gyaa| unake nidhana se samAja kA eka mUrdhanya vidvAna calA gyaa| aise pratibhAzAlI vidvAn ko merA zraddhApUrvaka zata-zata nmn| prAdhyApaka, prAkRta evaM jainazAstra, prAkRta jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI (bihAra)-844128

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prathama zatAbdI meM jaina dharma kA vikAsa ___ -rajanIza zukla, udayapura jaina sAhitya kA vAGmaya vizAla hai, bhAratIya sAhitya meM usakA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| lokopakArI aneka jainAcAryoM ne apane jIvana kA bahata sA bhAga usakI racanA meM vyatIta kiyA hai| jaina dharma meM bar3e-bar3e AcArya hue jo prabala tArkika, dArzanika sAhityika tathA kavi the| unhoMne jaina dharma ke sAtha sAtha bhAratIya sAhitya ke itara kSetroM meM bhI kArya kiye| darzana, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, nATaka, kathA, zilpa, maMtra-tatra, vAstu, vaidyaka Adi aneka viSayoM para pracura jaina sAhitya Aja bhI upalabdha hai| jaina dharma ne prArambha se hI apane pracAra ke lie vividha bhASAoM ko apnaayaa| vizva me vaidika paramparA kI hI taraha zramaNa paramparA bhI ati prAcIna kAla se isa deza meM pravartita hai| inhI dono paramparAoM ke mela se prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kA nirmANa huA hai| unhI zramaNoM kI paramparA meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva se mahAvIra paryanta tathA adyatana yuga taka vahIM paramparA calI A rahI hai| prasiddha dArzanika rAdhAkRSNana ne bhAratIya darzana meM likhA hai ki "jaina paramparA RSabhadeva se apane dharma kI utpati hone kA kathana karatI hai| jo bahuta zatAbdiyoM pUrva hue hai| isa bAta ke sAkSya prApta ho cuke hai ki IsavI pUrva prathama zatAbdI me tIrthakara RSabhadeva kI pUjA hotI thii| isa kAla ke vidvAno ko sandeha nahI honA cAhie ki jainadharma varddhamAna aura pArzvanAtha se hI pracalita thaa| yajurveda me RSabhadeva ajitanAtha, ariSTanemi ina tIna tIrthakaroM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza hai|' bhAgavata purANa kA yaha kathana ki RSabhadeva hI jainadharma ke saMsthApaka the, yaha isa bAta kA samarthana karatA hai ki mahAvIra se jaina dharma kI utpatti mAnanA galata hai|' jaba hama kisI ke itihAsa kI bAta karate hai to mahAbhArata kA yaha kathana hai ki "itihAsa dIpaka tulya hai| vastu ke kRSNa zvetAdi yathArtha rUpa ko jaise dIpaka prakAzita karatA hai, vaise hI itihAsa moha ke AvaraNa ko kara,

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anekAnta-56/1-2 bhrAMtiyoM ko dUra karake satya sarvaloka dvArA dhAraNa kI jAne vAlI yathArthatA kA prakAzana karatA hai| arthAt dIpaka ke prakAza se pUrva jaise kakSa meM sthita vastue vidyamAna rahate hue bhI prakAzita nahIM hotI haiN| usI prakAra sampUrNa loka dvArA dhAraNa kiyA gayA garbha bhUta satya itihAsa ke binA suvyavasthita nahI hotaa|'' isI itihAsa kI paramparA ko sudRr3ha va sthAyI banAe rakhane ke lie upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja dvArA paMcadivasIya "bhagavAna mahAvIra ke chabbIsa sau varSa'' viSayaka kAryazAlA me hameM prathama zatAbdI meM jainadharma viSaya diyA gayA thaa| isa Alekha meM prathama zatAbdI ke AcArya sAhityakAra aura katipaya rAjAoM ke bAre meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| loka bhASA meM bhI jaina sAhitya kI racanA pAyI jAtI hai isI se jarmana vidvAna DaoN. viNTaranitsa ne likhA hai ki bhAratIya kI dRSTi se jaina sAhitya bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai, kyoMki jaina sadA isa bAta kI vizeSa paravAha rakhate the ki unakA sAhitya adhika se adhika janatA ke paricaya meM aae| isI se Agamika sAhitya tathA prAcInatama TIkAeM prAkRta me hI likhI gyiiN| pramukha AcArya guNadhara evaM kaSAyapAhuDa guNadhara digambara paramparA ke manISI AcArya the| digambara paramparA ke zrutadhara AcAryo me AcArya guNadhara kA nAma pramukha hai| AcArya guNadhara ko paMcama jJAnapravAdapUrvagata dazama vastu ke tRtIya pejjadoSa pAhuDa kA jJAna thaa| yaha unake kaSAyapAhuDa ke adhyayana sa pratIta hotA hai AcArya guNadhara mahAkammapayaDi pAhuDa ke bhI viziSTa jJAtA the| nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta pAvalI meM arhadabalo kA samaya vIra ni. saM. 565 (vikrama saM. 95) hai| DaoN. nemicaMda zAstrI Adi vidvAnoM ne guNadharAcArya kA samaya vi. pUrva prathama zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA hai|' kaSAya pAhuDa graMtha ko samudra ke tulya mAnA gayA hai| yaha graMtha digambara paramparA kA karmavijJAna sambandhI pratinidhi graMtha hai| isakA dUsarA nAma pejjadoSa pAhuDa bhI hai| kaSAya pAhuDa ke 16000 padya parimANa meM varNita karma sambandhI gaMbhIra viSaya ko 180 gAthAoM meM upasaMhRta kara denA guNadhara AcArya kI vizeSatA kA pratIka hai| gAthA sUtra zailI meM kaSAya pAhuDa kI racanA huI hai|

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56 anekAnta-56/1-2 prameyaratnamAlA TippaNa meM sUtra lakSaNoM kI vyAkhyA nimna prakAra se kI gaI hai alpAkSaramasaMdigdhaM sAravad guuddhnirnnym| nirdoSaM hetumattathyaM sUtraM sUtravido viduH|| arthAt alpAkSaratA, asaMdigdhatA, sAravattA, gUDhatA, nirdoSatA, sahetutA ye sUtra ke lakSaNa haiN| ina samagra lakSaNoM se prastuta graMtha kI sUtra zailI sarasa aura prabhAvaka hai| kaSAya pAhuDa grantha meM 15 adhikAra haiM aura 53 vivaraNa gAthAo sahita 233 gAthAeM hai| ina adhikAroM meM aura 233 gAthA sUtro meM krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA, rAga-dveSa kI pariNatiyoM kA, karmo kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA tathA inhe zithila karane vAle Atma pariNAmoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| dharasena evaM SaTakhaNDAgama (digambara paramparA ke AcArya dharasena aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke pAragAmI vidvAn the| aMga aura pUrvo kA unhe ekadezIya jJAna paramparA se prApta thA tado savvesigaM-puvvANAmegadezo Airiya prmpraae| AgacchamANo dharaseNAiriyaM sNptto|| agrAyaNI pUrva kI paMcama vastu ke antargata (mahAkammapayaDI) nAmaka caturtha prAbhUta kA bhI unhe viziSTa jJAna thaa| Agama midhi surakSita rakhane kA yaha kArya AcArya dharasena ke dUradarzI guNa ko prakaTa karatA hai| maMtra taMtra aura zAstroM para bhI unakA Adhipatya thaa| jaina samAja ke pAsa Aja SaTakhaMDAgama jaisI amUlya kRti hai, usakA zreya AcArya dharasena ko hai| samaya-saMketa- AcArya dharasena arhabali ke samasAmayika the| prAkRta paTTAvalI ke anusAra dharasena kA samaya vIra nirmANa samvat 614-683 nirdhArita kiyA hai|' nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTAvalI meM arhadbalI ke lie vI. ni. 565 I. sana 38 kA ullekha hai| puSpadanta aura bhUtabali mahAmedhA sampanna AcArya the| unakI sUkSma prajJA AcArya dharasena ke jJAna-pArAvAra ko grahaNa karane meM sakSama siddha huii| AcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ke zikSAguru dharasena the|

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anekAnta-56/1-2 57 digambara paramparA meM sAhitya racanA ke kSetra meM AcArya puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali kA anudAna sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai / SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA ina donoM AcAryo ke sammilita prayatna kA pariNAma hai | ) graMtha kA paricaya isa prakAra hai| SaTkhaMDAgama yaha eka vizAla graMtha hai| isake chaha khaNDa hai| prathama khaNDa kA nAma jIvaTThANa (jIvasthAna) hai| dvitIya khaMDa kA nAma khuddAbaMdha (kSudrakabaMdha), tRtIya khaNDa kA nAma baMdhasAmitta vicaya khaNDa (baMdhasvAmitva vicaya), caturtha khaNDa kA nAma veyaNA khaNDa - ( vedanA khaNDa), pAcaveM khaNDa kA nAma vargaNA khaNDa tathA SaThe khaNDa kA nAma mahAbaMdha hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke chaha khaNDoM meM cAlIsa sahasra zloka hai| jIvaTThANa khaNDa- isa khaNDa meM sat, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, bhava, alpabahutva nAma ke ATha prakaraNa hai, tadannatara 9 culikAeM haiN| jIva ke guNa dharma aura nAnA avasthAoM kA varNana prastuta khaNDa meM hai| isakI kula sUtra saMkhyA 2375 hai| khudAbaMdha khaNDa- dvitIya khaMDa kA nAma khuddAbaMdha (kSudrakabaMdha) hai| isa khaNDa meM 11 anuyogadvAra haiN| isa khaNDa ke prArambha meM anuyogoM se pUrva baMdhakoM ke tattvo kI prarUpaNA hai evaM anuyogoM ke bAda cUlikA ke rUpa meM mahAdaNDaka prakaraNa diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prastuta khaNDa meM 13 adhikAra ho jAte haiN| karma prakRti prAbhRta ke baMdhaka adhikAra ke baMdha Adi cAra anuyogoM meM se baMdhaka viSaya kA varNana isa khaNDa meM kiyA gayA hai| khaNDa meM kula sUtra 1582 hai| mahAbaMdhaka kI apekSA yaha prakaraNa choTA hone ke kAraNa isa khaNDa kA nAma kSudraka baMdha hai| baMdhasAmitta vicaya khaNDa (baMdha svAmitva vicaya) - isa khaNDa meM karmabaMdha karane vAle svAmiyoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha isa khaNDa ke nAma se hI spaSTa hai| isa khaNDa ke kula 324 sUtra hai|

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58 anekAnta - 56/1-2 veyaNA khaNDa- ( vedanA khaNDa) isake do anuyogadvAra haiN| kula sUtra saMkhyA 1449 hai| isa khaNDa kI prathama kRti anuyogadvAra kI sUtra saMkhyA 75 hai| dvitIya veNA anuyogadvAra viSaya pratipAdana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| prastuta khaNDa kA nAma veyaNA hai| vargaNA khaNDa- isameM sparza, karma aura prakRti nAmaka tIna anuyoga dvAra hai| ina tInoM anuyoga dvAroM meM prathama anuyoga dvAra ke 63, dvitIya ke 31 evaM tRtIya ke 142 sUtra haiN| isa khaNDa meM vibhinna prakAra kI karma pudagala vargaNAoM kA pratipAdana hai| mahAbaMdha khaNDa- SaSTha khaNDa kA nAma mahAbadha hai| mahAbaMdha kA vistAra 30 sahasra zloka parimANa hai| prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga, pradeza baMdha kI vyAkhyA isa khaNDa meM hai| naMdI saMgha kI paTTAvalI meM ina AcAryo kI samaya sUcanA bhI hai| AcArya puSpadaMta kA samaya vI. ni. 633 se 663 (vi. 163 se 193 ) taka aura AcArya bhUtabali kA kAla vI. ni. 663 se 683 (vi. 193 se 213 ) taka siddha hotA hai / itihAsakAra DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne AcArya puSpadaMta kA samaya isavI san 50 se mAnA hai| isI prakAra se bhUtabali ne dharasenAcArya se siddhAnta viSayaka zikSAeM grahaNa kI thii| bhUtabali ne aMkulezvara meM cAturmAsa samApta kara draviNa deza meM jAkara zruta nirmANa kA kArya kiyA hai| puSpadaMta dvArA racita prApta sUtroM ke pazcAta bhUtabali ne SaTkhaDAgama ke zeSa bhAga kI racanA kii| DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina ne bhUtabali kA samaya IsavI san 66 se 90 svIkRta kiyA hai aura SaTkhaDAgama kA saMkalana IsavI san 75 nirdhArita kiyA hai| indranandi ke zrutAvatAra se jJAta hotA hai ki bhUtabali ne puSpadaMta dvArA racita sUtroM ko milAkara pA~ca khaNDoM ke chaH hajAra sUtra race aura tatpazcAt mahAbadha nAmaka chaThe khaNDa kI tIsa hajAra sUtra kI graMtha racanA kii| AcArya kundakunda evaM unake grantha AcArya kundakunda kA digambara paramparA meM garimAmaya sthAna hai| adhyAtma

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anekAnta-56/1-2 59 dRSTi ko ujAgara karane kA zreya unheM prApta hai| zrutadhara AcAryoM kI paramparA me unako pramukha mAnA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke kAraNa unakI uttaravartI paramparA mUla saMgha aura kundakundAcArya kI paramparA kA kahalAne me gaurava anubhava karatI hai| jaina dharma kA suprasiddha eka zloka AcArya kundakunda ke nAma ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| vaha zloka isa prakAra hai maMgala bhagavAna vIro, maMgala gautamo gnnii| maMgalaM kundakundAdyo jainadharmostu mNglm|| jIvana vRtta- AcArya kundakunda prathama zatAbdI I. ke AcArya the| inakA janmasthAna dakSiNa bhArata meM kauNDakuNDapura nAmaka sthAna batAyA gayA hai| inake pitA karamaNDu tathA mAtrA zrImatI thii| AcArya kundakunda ke cAra aura nAma bhI prApta hote haiM yathA-padmanandI, vakragrIva, elAcArya aura gRddhpicch| AcArya kundakunda kI gurUparamparA ke sambandha me sarvasammata eka vicAra prApta nahIM hai| bodhapAhuDa ke anusAra AcArya kundakunda ke dIkSA gurU bhadrabAhu the|' jabaki zikSAgurU jinasena AcArya ko mAnA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke samaya ke bAre meM sabhI vidvAna ekamata nahI haiN| pa. nAthUrAma premI ne tRtIya zatAbdI tathA DaoN. ke. bI. pAThaka ne zaka savata 450 ke lagabhaga mAnA hai| DaoN. nemicaMda zAstrI ne IsavI san kI prathama zatAbadI mAnA hai| inake samaya ke bAre meM aneka mato ke AdhAra para DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne samIkSAtmaka rUpa se yaha niSkarSa upasthita kiyA hai ki All this shows that he may safely be assigned to be early part of the First Century A.D. or to be exat to 8 B.C.-A.D. 44) (The Jain Sources of the History of Ancient India Page 124-125) ve durgama vATiyoM aura vanoM meM bhI nirbhIka bhAva se vicaraNa karate the| usake pAsa tapa kA teja thA aura sAdhanA kA bala thaa| unakA ciMtana adhyAtma pradhAna thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki ye eka bAra sImaMdhara svAmI ke samavazaraNa meM bhI videha gamana kiye the| sAhitya- adhyAtma kI bhUmikA para racita AcArya kundakunda ke graMtha ratna

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60 anekAnta-56/1-2 mahatvapUrNa haiN| samayasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya, niyamasAra, aSTapAhuDa (prAbhRta), dasabhatti athavA bhatti saMggaho (dasa bhakti athavA bhakti saMgraha) evaM vArasa aNuvekkhA (dvAdazAnuprekSA) yaha AcArya kundakunda viracita graMtha haiN| ina graMtho kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai| samayasAra- samayasAra AryA vRta (AryA chanda) meM gumphita prAkRta zaurasenI bhASA kA uttama koTi kA graMtha mAnA gayA hai| TIkAkAra AcArya amRtacaMdra ke abhimata se isa graMtha kI 439 gAthAeM haiN| yaha gratha 9 adhikAro meM vibhakta hai| adhikAroM ke nAma ye haiM-(1) jIvAjIvAdhikAra, (2) kartAkarmAdhikAra, (3) puNya-pApa adhikAra, (4) zrAvaka adhikAra, (5) saMvara adhikAra, (6) nirjarA adhikAra, (7) baMdha adhikAra, (8) mokSa adhikAra, (9) sarva-vizuddhajAna adhikaar| pravacanasAra- yaha graMtha darzana pradhAna graMtha hai| isakI zailI sarala aura subodha hai| isa graMtha para AcArya amRtacaMdra aura jayasena AcArya kI saMskRta TIkAe hai| AcArya amRtacaMdra kI TIkA ke anusAra kula 275 gAthAeM hai| AcArya jayasena kI TIkA ke anusAra 317 gAthAeM haiN| isa graMtha meM tIna prakaraNa hai-prathama adhikAra meM AtmA aura jJAna ke saMbaMdhoM kI carcA hai| dUsare adhikAra me dravya, guNa, paryAya Adi jJeya padArthoM kA vistRta varNana hai tathA saptabhaMgI kA samyaka pratipAdana hai aura tRtIya adhikAra meM caritra ke svarUpa kA vivecana batAyA hai| isa graMtha meM tIrthakara ke pravacana kA sAra saMgraha hai, ataH isa graMtha kA pravacanasAra nAma sArthaka hai| tIna adhikAro meM parisamApya yaha graMtha jaina tatva kI gahanatA ko samajhane ke lie vizeSa paThanIya hai| isa gratha kA dvitIya prakaraNa sabase bar3A hai| vaha 108 gAthAoM meM saMpanna huA hai| digambara paramparA saMbaMdhI municaryA kA varNana mukhyataH tRtIya adhikAra meM hai| sacelakatva niSedha, strI mukti-niSedha, kevalI kavalAhAra niSedha Adi viSaya bindu bhI isa adhikAra me varNita hue haiN| paMcAstikAya- isa graMtha meM do prakaraNa haiN| AcArya amRtacaMdra ke anusAra isa graMtha kI 173 gAthAeM aura jayasenAcArya kI TIkA ke anusAra 181 gAthAe hai| isa graMtha meM pAMca atikAyoM kA vivecana hone ke kAraNa graMtha kA nAma

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anekAnta-56/1-2 61 pacAstikAya hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudagala aura jIva ina pAMco astikAyoM ke sAtha kAla dravya kI vyAkhyA bhI isa graMtha me hai| graMtha meM prathama prakaraNa meM chaha dravyo kA varNana, aura dvitIya prakaraNa meM nava padArtho kI vyAkhyA hai| jaina darzana sammata dravya vibhAga kI suspaSTa aura susambaddha vyAkhyA isa graMtha se samajhI jA sakatI hai| saptabhagI kA nAma nirdeza bhI graMtha ke prathama prakaraNa me upalabdha hai| AcArya amRtacadra kI pacAstikAya TIkA isa graMtha ke rahasyoM ko samajhane ke lie parama sahAyaka hai| niyamasAra- niyamasAra graMtha meM 12 adhikAra haiN| kula gAthA saMkhyA 187 hai| graMthagata adhikAroM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-(1) jIvaadhikAra, (2) ajIva adhikAra, (3) zuddha bhAva, (4) vyavahAra caritra, (5) paramArtha pratikramaNa, (6) nizcaya pratyAkhyAna, (7) paramAlocana, (8) zuddha-nizcaya prAyazcita, (9) parama samAdhi, (10) paramabhakti, (11) nizcaya paramAvazyaka, (12) shuddhopyog| ina adhikAroM me dhyAna, pratyAkhyAna, pratikramaNa Adi chaha Avazyaka kA varNana hai| adhyAtma binduo ke samajhane ke lie ye gratha upayogI haiN| mokSa mArga me niyama se (Avazyaka) karaNIya jJAna darzana, caritra kI ArAdhanA para bala diyA hai| inase viparIta AcaraNa ko heya batalAyA gayA hai| isa graMtha ke anusAra sarvajJa bhI nizcaya naya se kevala AtmA ko jAnate haiM, vyavahAra naya se sabako jAnate haiN| aSTapAhuDa- AcArya kundakunda 84 pAhuDo (prAbhRtoM) ke racanAkAra the para vartamAna meM unake pUre nAma bhI upalabdha nahI haiN| pAhuDa sAhitya me daMsaNa pAhuDa Adi ATha pAhuDa pramukha mAne gae hai| unake racanAkAra bhI kundakunda hai| pAhuDa grathoM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai(1) saNa pAhuDa- isameM kula 36 gAthAe hai| isameM samyaka darzana kA vivecana hai| (2) caritta pAhuDa- isameM kula 44 gAthAeM hai| zrAvaka aura muni dharma kA * saMkSipta varNana hai|

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62 anekAnta-56/1-2 (3) sutta pAhuDa- isameM 27 gAthAeM haiN| isame Agama kA mahattva samajhAyA gayA hai| ( 4 ) bodha pAhuDa- isameM kula 62 gAthAeM hai| inameM Ayatana, deva, tIrtha, arhata aura pravrajyA Adi 11 viSayoM kA bodha diyA gayA hai| ( 5 ) bhAva pAhuDa- isameM 163 gAthAe hai| inameM citta zuddhi kI mahattA para bala diyA gayA hai| ( 6 ) mokkha pAhuDa- isameM kula 106 gAthAoM me mokSa ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana hai| bahirAtmA, antarAtmA, paramAtmA; AtmA kI ina tIna avasthAo kA varNana bhI isa pAhuDa me upalabdha hai| ( 7 ) ligaM pAhuDa- isameM kula 22 gAthAo me zramaNaliMga aura zramaNa dharma kA nirUpaNa hai| ( 8 ) zIla pAhuDa- isameM 40 gAthAeM haiN| iname zIla kI mahattA kA varNana hai| yaha pAhuDa sAhitya tAttvika dRSTi se upayogI hai| isakI zailI subodha hai| viSaya kA varNana saMkSipta hai / prAbhRta sAhitya ke rUpa meM AcArya kundakunda kA yaha sAhitya - jagata ko viziSTa upahAra hai| prathama chaha pAhuDoM para AcArya zrutasAgarajI kI saMskRta TIkA bhI hai| bhakti saMgraha bhakti saMgraha meM AcArya kundakunda kI ATha bhaktiyAM hai| inameM nAma isa prakAra haiM- siddhabhati, sudabhatti, caritabhatti, joibhatti, Airiyabhatti NivvANabhatti, paMcagurUbhatti, titthayarabhatti / siddhabhatti (siddha bhakti ) - isa bhakti kI 12 gAthAe haiN| siddho ke guNo kA varNana isa kRti meM prastuta hai| isa para prabhAcaMdrAcArya kRta saMskRta TIkA hai| saMskRta kI sabhI bhaktiyAM pUjyapAda kI aura prAkRta kI bhaktiyA kundakunda kI hai| prabhAcaMdrAcArya kI TIkA ke anta meM isa prakAra kA ullekha hai| sudabhatti ( zruta bhakti ) - isameM AcArAga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi 12 ago kA bheda-prabheda sahita varNana hai tathA 14 pUrvo kI vastu saMkhyA tathA pratyeka vastu ke prAbhRtoM kI saMkhyA bhI isameM hai / isa kRti meM kula 11 gAthAeM haiN|

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anekAnta-56/1-2 caritabhatti- isa bhakti meM sAmAyika Adi pAco cAritro kA tathA 10 dharmo kA pramukhataH pratipAdana hai| joibhatti ( yogI bhakti)- isakI 23 gAthAeM hai| yogiyo kI RddhI-siddhi kA varNana hai| Airiyabhatti (AcArya bhakti)- isakI 10 gAthAeM haiN| AcArya ke guNoM kA varNana hai| nivvANabhatti- isa kRti ke antargata 27 gAthAoM meM nirvANa prApta tIrthakaroM kI stuti evaM nirvANa svarUpa kA varNana hai| paMcagurUbhatti- isake sAta padya hai| ina padyo me paramapThI purupo ko stavanA pUrvaka namana kiyA gayA hai| titthayarabhatti (tIrthakara stuti )- isameM pramukhataH tIrthakaro kA stavana hai| isameM ATha padya hai| pratyeka tIrthakara ko nAmollekhapUrvaka vadana kiyA gayA hai| bArasANupekkhA (dvAdazAnuprekSA)- yaha 9 / gAthAoM kA laghu graMtha hai| isame anitya, azaraNa, bhava (loka), ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, azucitva, Azrava, savara, nirjarA, dharma aura bodhi ina bAraha bhAvanAo kA samyaka pratipAdana hai| vairAgya rasa se paripUrNa yaha kRti prabhAvaka hai| 12 bhAvanAo kA nirUpaNa kaI zrAvakAcAra grantho me prApta hai| AcArya AryamaMchu aura nAgahastI ina dono AcAryo ko digambara paramparA aura zvetAmbara paramparA me ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM AryamakSu ko Aryamagu nAma se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| AryamaMkSu aura nAgahastI kSamAzramaNa aura mahAvAcaka ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| indranandI zrutAvatAra meM ina dono ko guNadharAcArya kA ziSya aura tiloyapaNNattikAra yativRSabha AcArya kA gurU batAyA gayA hai| DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina ne nAgahastI ko 130-132 tathA AryamakSu ko nAgahastI se pUrvavartI mAnakara unakA samaya IsavI sana 50 nirdhArita kiyA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM paryApta antara batAyA gayA hai|

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64 anekAnta-56/1-2 AcArya hastimalla ne apanI pustaka jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa nAmaka grantha meM prathama zatAbdI ke kucha AcAryoM kI tarapha saMketa kiyA hai| jinakA paricaya nimna prakAra haikAlakAcArya dvitIya jaina zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArya kAlaka dvitIya kAlaka ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| ve krAntikArI AcArya the| unhoMne pazcima IrAna evaM dakSiNa pUrva meM jAvA, sumAtrA taka kI pralambalamAna pada yAtrA kI thii| AcAryo kI paramparA meM sudUra videza yAtrA kA sarvaprathama dvAra inhoMne hI kholaa| kAlakAcArya dvitIya kA samaya prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM mAnA gayA hai| inakA ullekha uttarAdhyayana, vRhatkalpa bhASya, aura aneka grantho meM varNana prApta hotA hai| jainAgama ke atirikta jyotiSa aura nimitta vidyA ke viziSTa jJAtA the| isa AcArya ne pacamI ke sthAna para caturthI tithi ko hI paryuSaNa parva kA ArAdhana pracalita kiyA thaa| isakA vivaraNa nizItha cUrNI nAmaka grantha meM prApta hotA hai| AcArya khapuTa dvitIya kAlakAcArya ke pazcAt prabhAvaka AcAryo me Arya-khapuTa kA nAma vizeSa prabhAvazAlI mAnA gayA hai| inake janmasthAna, mAtA-pitA Adi ke sambandha meM paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inake jIvana kI katipaya prabhAvotpAdaka ghaTanAoM kA ullekha jainasAhitya meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| Arya khapuTa kA yuga sambhavata: viziSTa vidyAoM kA yuga rahA hai| Avazyaka cUrNi aura nizItha cUrNi Adi meM inheM vidyArasika evaM vidyAcakravartI jaise vizeSaNoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| nizItha cUrNi bhAga 3 pR. 58 vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI meM hI AcArya vRddhavAdI kA bhI eka viziSTa sthAna rahA hai| ApakA janma gaur3adeza ke kauzalagrAma meM inakA janma huaa| vidyAdhara vaMza ke AcArya skandilasUri ke upadeza se virakta hokara unhIM ke pAsa zramaNa dIkSA le lii|

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anekAnta-56/1-2 65 sAhityika AcArya ___ Arya qhapuTa kI hI taraha Arya pAdalipta mahAna pratibhAzAlI AcArya mAne gaye hai| kozalanagarI ke mahArAja vijayavarmA ke rAjya meM phulla nAmaka buddhimAna aura dAnavIra zreSThI rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma pratikAnA thaa| vaha rUpa, zIla aura guNa kI AdhArabhUmi hokara bhI putrarahita thii| kAphI tapasyA ke uparAnta nAgendra nAmaka putra kA janma huaa| bAda meM vahI pAdalipta ke nAma se prasiddha ho gye| IsavI kI prathama zatAbdI AcArya pAdalipta sUri kA janma samaya mAnA gayA hai| AcArya pAdalipta camatkArika vidyAoM ke svAmI the| pairoM para auSadhiyoM kA lepa lagAkara gagana meM yatheccha vicaraNa kI uname asAdhAraNa kSamatA thii| ve sarasa kAvyakAra aura sAtavAhana vazI rAjA hAla kI sabhA ke alaMkAra the| AcArya pAdalipta ke gurU AcArya nAgahastI the| AcArya pAdalipta kA janma kozala (ayodhyA) meM huA thaa| vahA~ usa samaya vijaya brahma kA rAjya thaa| pAdalipta ke pitA kA nAma phUlacaMda aura mAtA kA nAma pratibhA thaa| pAdalipta sUri apane yuga me vizruta viddhAna the| vaha yuga prAkRta kA utkarSa kAla thaa| pAdalipta sUri ne taraMgavai (taraMgavatI) kathA kA nirmANa prAkRtabhASA meM kiyaa| 'nirvANa kalikA' aura 'prazna-prakAza' nAmaka kRtiyoM ke racanAkAra bhI pAdalipta sUri the| ina tInoM kRtiyoM kA saMkSipta varNana isa prakAra hai- (1) taragavatI kathA prAkRta kI sarasa racanA hai| jaina prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA yaha Adi graMtha hai| aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne dama kathA kA apane graMthoM meM ullekha kiyA hai| AcArya zIlAka caupanna mahApuruSa cariya graMtha me likhate hai ki sAvasthi kalA taM vatthi lakkhaNaM jena dIsaI phuddtthN| pAlittayAiviraiya taraMga vaiyAsu ya khaasu|| cauppana mahApuruSa cariya (123) isa grantha meM kalAzAstra aura lakSaNazAstra kA sarvAga vivecana kathA meM hai| Agama sAhitya aura cUrNi meM isa kathA ko lokottara dharma kathA kahA hai| lekina vartamAna me yaha grantha upalabdha nahI hai| taragalolA graMtha ke racanAkAra nemicadra gaNi ke matAnusAra taraMgavatI kathA janabhogya nahIM kintu vidvadbhogya thii|

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66 anekAnta-56/1-2 sAmAnya manuSyoM ko isa kathA ko samajha pAnA bahuta kaThina thaa| taraMgavatI kathA ke AdhAra para hI nemicaMda gaNI ne 1642 gAthAoM meM taraMgalolA kRti kI racanA kI hai| nirvANa kalikA aura prazna prakAza-nivArNa kalikA ko dIkSA aura pratiSThA vidhi viSayaka tathA prazna-prakAza ko jyotiSa viSayaka graMtha mAnA hai| prabhAvaka caritra Adi graMthoM meM pAdalipta sUri ke tIna ukta graMtho kA hI ullekha hai| rAjA zAsaka vaMza vikramAditya ke zAsana kAla meM aneka bar3e AcArya jaina paramparA meM hue hai| AcArya hastimalla jI ne likhA hai ki isa rAjavaMza meM jainadharma kA vikAsa nirvAdha gati se calatA rahA hai tathA vidvAno ne aneka graMthoM meM rAjA vikramAditya ke rAjavaMza kI yazogAthA ko batAyA hai| sAtavAhana vaMzI rAjA hAla ke samakAlIna vidvAna guNADhya ne paizAcI bhASA meM vRhatkathA nAma ke graMtha kI racanA kI thii| usI ke anusAra saMskRta bhASA meM kathA saritsAgara kI racanA somadeva ne kI isameM bhI vikramAditya kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| rAjA sAtavahana hAla ne bhI apanI gAthA saptazatI meM vikramAditya ke dAna kI carcA karate hue kahA hai ki saMvAhaNasuharasatosieNa, denteNa tuhakare lkkhN| calaNeNa vikka mAicca, cariamaNusithkha tissaa| -gAthAsaptazatI 464 arthAt jisa prakAra mahAdAnI rAjA vikramAditya apane sevako dvArA kI huI caraNasaMvAhanAdi, sAdhAraNa se bhI saMtuSTa hokara unheM lAkho svarNa mudrAoM kA dAna kara detA thA, usI prakAra vikramAditya kI usa dAnazIlatA kA anukaraNa karate hue lAkha ke lAla rasa se raMge hue priyatamA ke caraNoM meM priyatama dvArA kiye gaye caraNa saMvAhana se prasanna hokara priyatama ke hAthoM meM lAkha (arthAt lAkha svarNamudraoM ke samAna lAkha kA lAla raMga) de ddaalaa| yahA~ para yaha ullekhanIya hai ki gAthAsaptazatI ke racayitA mahArAjA hAla ke hI pUrvaja ke hAthoM raNakSetra meM Ahata hue the| aura usake phalasvarUpa ujjayinI lauTane para

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anekAnta-56/1-2 vikramAditya kI mRtyu huI thii| 67 - jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, pR. 546, AcArya hastimalla hAla sAtavahana AMdhra sAtavAhana vaMza kA sAtavAM rAjA thA jisakA samaya DaoN. jyoti prasAda ke anusAra 20-24 I. ke lagabhaga nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai| prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM sAta vAhana rAjAoM ke aneka ullekha milate hai aura usameM se anekoM kA jaina honA bhI sUcita hotA hai| ina jaina rAjAoM meM 'gAhAsatasaI' ke racayitA hAla ke hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| gAhAsatasaI prAkRta kAvya paramparA meM muktaka ke rUpa me mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhA gayA hai| isameM jaina vicAradhArA kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA haiN| sAtavAhana rAjya meM prAkRta bhASA kA hI prabhAva thaa| ye rAjA svayaM vidvAna yA vizeSa vidyArasika nahIM the kintu vidvAnoM kA Adara karate the| jainAcArya zarvavarma dvArA kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa tathA eka anya jainAcArya kANabhikSu yA kANabhUti dvArA prAkRta ke mUla kathA graMtha kI racanA aura isake AdhAra para 'guNADhDayakRta' vRhatkathA kI racanA isavIM prathama zatAbdI meM inhIM rAjA ke prazraya meM huI pratIta hotI hai| inake rAjya meM muniyoM kA svacchaMda vihAra thaa| unhIM ke kAla meM jainasaMgha digambara va zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM vibhakta huA aura unakA rAjya una donoM sampradAyoM ke sAdhuoM kA saMdhisthala thaa| digambara paramparA ke jaina AgamoM kA sarvaprathama saMkalana evaM lipibaddhIkaraNa bhI inhIM ke kAla meM aura sambhavatayA inhIM ke rAjya meM huA thA / - bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi pR. 89-90 DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina vRhatkalpabhASya kI eka anuzruti ke anusAra uttarApatha mathurA ke 96 grAmo meM loga apane gharoM va dvAroM ke Upara tathA caurAhoM para jinamUrtiyoM kI sthApanA karate the| zaka evaM kuSANa kAla meM jainadharma kA bar3A hI vyApaka pracAra-prasAra huA thaa| isakA bhI samaya lagabhaga prathama zatAbdI kA uttarArddha hai| - bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi pR. 92 DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina prathama zatAbdI ke bhAratIya jana tathA videzI jainadharma ke bhakta the| isakA ullekha mathurA se prApta zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai| unakI striyAM bhI svataMtratA

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anekAnta-56/1-2 pUrvaka purUSo kI bhAti hI dharma kA pAlana karatI thIM, balki dAna dene aura dharmAyatano kA nirmANa karAne me unase bhI Age hI thii| itanA hI nahIM ve svecchA se sAdhvI bhI ho sakatI thii| usa kAla me AryikAoM kA saMgaThana bhI bahuta hI vyavasthita rahA pratIta hotA hai| prathama zatAbdI meM hI jaina gurUo ne sarvaprathama sarasvatI Andolana uThAyA jisakA uddezya paramparAgata jainazruta kA saMkalana karAnA aura jaino meM likhita sAhitya kI racanA kA prArambha karAnA thaa| sandarbha graMtha sUcI 1. bhAratIya darzana DaoN rAdhAkRSNana, 2. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA-DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI dvitIya khaNDa pRSTha 160, 3. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA-DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI dvitIya khaNDa pRSTha--. 4. Agama yuga ke prabhAvaka AcArya pR 217 sAdhvI pIyUSa prabhA 5 Agama yuga ke prabhAvaka AcArya pR. 217 sAdhvI pIyUSa prabhA, 6 tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA DaoN nemicandra zAstrI dvitIya khaNDa pRSTha 46, 7 Agama yuga ke prabhAvaka AcArya pR 216 sAdhvI pIyUSa prabhA, 8 kamAyapAhuDasutta gAthA 2, 9 tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI dvitIya khaNDa pRSTha 30-31 rajanIza zukla JRF jaina vidyA eva prAkRta vibhAga sukhar3iyA vizvavidyAlaya udayapura-313001

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tattvArthasUtra meM pramANa-naya mImAMsA -DA. jayakumAra jaina jaino kI gItA kahe jAne vAle tattvArthasUtra kI mahattA evaM pratiSThA jaina dharma ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM kucha pAThabheda evaM sUtrabheda ke sAtha samAna rUpa se svIkRta hai| pAThabheda evaM sUtrabheda kA pramukha kAraNa muni kI nagnatA kI svIkRti yA asvIkRti hai| isa grantha meM jaina tattvajJAna kA sUtrazailI meM saMkSipta kintu vizada vivecana huA hai| tattvArthasatra meM tattvajJAna ke upAya ke rUpa meM jaina nyAya ke pramukha ar3a. pramANa aura naya kA bhI varNana huA hai| "pramANanayairadhigamaH''' kahakara AcArya umAsvAmI ne yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki padArthoM kA jJAna pramANa aura naya se hotA hai| jitanA bhI samyagjJAna hai, vaha pramANa aura nayo me vibhakta hai| inake atirikta padArtho ke jJAna kA dUsarA koI sAdhana nahI hai| nyAyadIpikAkAra abhinaya dharmabhUSaNa yati ne spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai- "pramANanayAbhyAM hi vivecitA jIvAdayaH smygdhigmynte| tadvyatirekeNa jIvAdyAdhigame prkaaraantraasNbhvaat|| arthAt pramANa aura naya se vivecana kiye gaye jIva Adi samIcIna rUpa se jAne jAte haiN| unake atirikta jIvAdi ke jJAna meM anya prakAra sabhava nahI hai| pramANa aura naya kI nyAya saMjJA nyAya zabda ni upasarga pUrvaka 'iN' gatyarthaka dhAtu se karaNa artha meM ghaJ pratyaya karane para niSpanna huA hai| abhinava dharmabhUSaNa yati ne nyAya kA svarUpa pramANa nayAtmaka mAnate hue nyAyadIpikA nAmaka prakaraNa grantha ko prAraMbha karane kI pratijJA kI hai-"pramANanayAtmakanyAyasvarUpapratibodhakazAstrAdhikArasampattaye prkrnnmidmaarbhyte|" pramANa evaM naya ko nyAya svIkArate hue anyatra bhI kahA gayA hai-"nitarAmiyate jJAyate'rtho'neneti nyAyaH, artha paricchedakopAyaH

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10 anekAnta-56/1-2 nyAya ityrthH| sa ca pramANanayAtmaka ev|" arthAta nizcaya se jisake dvArA padArtha jAne jAte haiM vaha nyAya hai aura vaha pramANa evaM naya rUpa hI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana meM pramANa evaM naya kI hI nyAya saMjJA hai| pakhaNDAgama meM jJAnamArgaNA kA varNana karate hae jJAnamImAMsA meM ATha jJAno kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ pA~ca jJAnoM ko samyagjJAna tathA viparIta mati, viparIta zruta evaM viparIta avadhi jJAnoM ko mithyAjJAna kahA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra me bhI pA~ca jJAna evaM tIna viparIta jJAnoM kA pRthak-pRthak sUtroM meM varNana kiyA gayA hai "matizrutAvadhimanaHparyayakevalAni jnyaanm|' "matizrutAvadhayo vipryyshc|'' nyAya zAstra meM viSaya kI dRSTi se jJAna kI pramANatA evaM apramANatA kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai arthAt jo jJAna ghaTa ko ghaTa rUpa jAnatA hai, vaha pramANa jJAna hai aura jo jJAna vastu ko usa vastu rUpa nahIM jAnatA hai vaha apramANa jJAna hai| mati, zruta evaM avadhijJAna vastu ko vastu rUpa bhI jAnate haiM tathA mithyAdRSTi meM hone para ye vastu ko avastu/bhinnavastu rUpa bhI jAnate haiM ataH ina tInoM me samyakpanA bhI pAyA jAtA hai aura mithyApanA bhii| tIna mithyAjJAnoM ko bhI jJAna meM grahaNa kara ATha jJAnoM kI nirupaNA usI prakAra kahI gaI hai jaise eka droNa gehU~ meM kucha hissA kUr3A-karakaTa kA hone para bhI use eka droNa gehU~ hI kahA jAtA hai| pramANa kA lakSaNa jaina darzana meM svaparaprakAzaka samyagjJAna ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| kaSAyapAhuDa meM 'pramIyate'neneti pramANam' kahakara padArtha ke jAnane ke sAdhana ko pramANa kahA gayA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM yadyapi pramANa kA koI sIdhA lakSaNa nahI kiyA hai, kintu 5 samyagjJAnoM ko do pramANa rUpa kahakara "tatpramANe' sUtra meM pramANa zabda kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne pramANa zabda kI niyukti karate hue likhA hai-"pramiNoti pramIyate'nena

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anekAnta-56/1-2 pramitimAtra vA prmaannm|'' arthAt jo acchI taraha mAna karatA hai/jAnatA hai, jisake dvArA acchI taraha mAna kiyA jAtA hai/jAnA jAtA hai athavA pramiti/jJAna mAtra pramANa hai| pramANa ke isa lakSaNa me unhoMne kartA, karaNa aura bhAva rUpa tIna prakAra se pramANa zabda kA niruktyartha kiyA hai| AcArya akalaMka deva ne isakA aura spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki pramANa zabda bhAva, kartA aura karaNa tInoM sAdhanoM meM niSpanna hotA hai| jaba bhAva kI vivakSA hotI hai to pramA ko pramANa kahate haiN| kartA kI vivakSA meM pramAtRtva zakti ko pramANa kahate haiM aura karaNa kI vivakSA me pramAtA, prameya evaM pramANa kI bhedavivakSA karake sAdhana ko pramANa kahate haiN| pramANAbhAsa jo vAstava me pramANa to na ho kintu pramANa jaisA pratIta ho use pramANAbhAsa kahate hai| tattvArthasUtra meM yadyapi pramANAbhAsa kA koI svarUpa yA vivecana nahI kiyA gayA hai, tathApi viparIta mati, viparIta zruta tathA viparIta avadhi (vibhaMga avadhi) ina tIna ko apramANa rUpa kahane se inheM pramANAbhAsa hI samajhanA caahie| jaise kar3avI tumbI meM rakhane se dUdha kar3avA ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra mithyAdarzana ke saMsarga se mati, zruta evaM avadhijJAna me viparItatA A jAtI hai| jaise rajAdi ko alaga kara dene para sazodhita tumbI meM rakhA gayA dUdha kar3abA nahI hotA hai, usI prakAra mithyAdarzana ko dUra kara dene para saMzodhita ina vividha jJAnoM meM mithyApanA nahI AtA hai| tattvArthAdhigamabhASya meM pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM utthApita zaMkA 'usI ko jJAna aura usI ko ajJAna kaise kahA jA sakatA hai?' kA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki mithyAdarzana parigraha ke kAraNa ina jJAnoM kI viparIta grAhakatA hai| isI kAraNa ye ajJAna ho jAte haiN| 12 pramANAbhAsa kI anumAnataH siddhi tattvArthasUtra me mati, zruta evaM avadhi jJAna kI viparItatA ko siddha karane ke lie hetu evaM udAharaNa praStuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jaise koI unmatta vyakti vivekahIna hone ke kAraNa sat evaM asat meM antara nahIM kara pAtA hai usI prakAra mithyAdRSTi vyakti pramANAbhAsa/apramANa/mithyAjJAna ke dvArA sat-asat

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72 anekAnta-56/1-2 (2) hetu kA viveka nahI rakha pAtA hai| ukta siddhi meM tattvArthasUtrakAra ne anumAna ke tInoM avayavoM - pakSa, hetu tathA udAharaNa ko do sUtro me upasthita kiyA hai tathA isa AdhAra para mati Adi tIna jJAnoM ko viparIta/pramANAbhAsa bhI siddha kiyA hai| yathA(1) pakSa (pratijJA) - matizrutAvadhayo vipryyshc| - sadasatoravizeSAd yadRcchopalabdheH (3) udAharaNa - unmttvt| yahA~ yaha avadheya hai ki jahA~ nyAya darzana me anumAna pramANa ke lie pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya eva nigamana ina paJcAvayava vAkyoM ko mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ jaina darzana me anumAna ke lie tIna avayava hI anivArya mAne haiN| tattvArthasUtra me anyatra bhI tIna avayavoM kA hI vastu kI anumAnataH siddhi me upayoga kiyA gayA hai| pramANa ke bheda aza-azI (dharma-dharmI) kA bheda kiye binA vastu kA jJAna pramANa kahA gayA hai| yaha bAta pA~co jJAno meM pAI jAtI hai| ataH pA~coM hI jJAna pramANa hai kintu tattvArthasUtra ke ina jJAno ko do pramANa rUpa kahakara Adi ke do matijJAna evaM zruta jJAna ko parokSa tathA zeSa avadhijJAna, mana:paryaya jJAna eva kevalajJAna ko pratyakSa svIkAra kiyA hai| mati evaM zruta do jJAnoM ko parokSa mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye do jJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hote haiN| zeSa tIna jJAna inakI sahAyatA ke binA AtmA kI yogyatA se utpanna hote hai| jainetara bhAratIya darzanoM meM akSa kA artha indriya karake indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa tathA zeSa jJAnoM ko parokSa mAnA gayA hai| kintu isa lakSaNa ke anusAra yogiyo kA jJAna pratyakSa siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha jJAna indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA hI hotA hai| use mAnanA to jainetara dArzanikoM ko bhI abhISTa nahI hai| ataeva akSa zabda kA AtmA artha mAnakara tattvArthasUtrakAra dvArA AtmA

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anekAnta-56/1-2 kI yogyatA ke bala se utpanna jJAna ko pratyakSa tathA indriya evaM mana ke AdhIna jJAna ko parokSa kahanA sarvathA yuktiyukta hai| phira bhI rAjavArtika me AcArya akalaMkadeva ne avadhi, mana:paryaya evaM kevalajJAna ko pratyakSa mAnakara bhI indriya evaM mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAle mati jJAna ko jo sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA hai, vaha laukika dRSTi se kathana hai, paramArthataH nhii| __ kucha dArzanika anumAna, upamAna, Agama, arthApatti evaM abhAva Adi ko bhI pramANa kA bheda svIkAra karate hai| isa viSaya meM tattvArthAdhigamabhASya kA kathana avadheya hai 'anumAnopamAnAgamArthApattisabhavAbhAvAnapi ca pramANAni iti kecinmanyante tatkathametaditi? atrocyate-sarvANyetAni matizrutayorantarbhUtAnIndriyArtha snnikrssnimitttvaat| kiM cAnyat apramANAnyeva vaa| kutaH mithyAdarzanaparigrahAda vipriitopdeshaacc| mithyAdRSTerhi matizrutAvadhayo niyatamajJAnemaveti vkssyte|' arthAt koI anumAna, upamAna, Agama, arthApatti, saMbhava, abhAva ko bhI pramANa mAnate hai- yaha kaise mAnA jAya? isakA uttara dete hue kahA hai ki ye sabhI pramANa matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM hI antarbhUta ho jAte haiN| kyoMki ye indriya aura padArtha ke sannikarSa kA nimitta pAkara hI utpanna hone vAle haiN| anyathA ye pramANa hI nahI hai kyoMki mithyA darzana ke sahacArI hone se tathA viparIta upadeza dene vAle hone se inakI apramANatA hai| mithyAdRSTi ke matijJAna, zrutajJAna evaM avadhijJAna ajJAna hI hote haiN| pramANa ke anyabheda tattvArthasUtra ke pramukha TIkAkAra AcArya pUjyapAda ne 'tatpramANaM dvividha svArthaM parArthaM ca' kahakara pramANa ke do anya bheda kiye hai-svArtha evaM praarth|" jJAnAtmaka pramANa ko svArtha pramANa kahate haiM tathA vacanAtmaka pramANa ko parArtha pramANa kahate haiN|18 AcArya akalaMkadeva kA kahanA hai ki jJAna svAdhigama hetu hotA hai jo pramANa aura naya rUpa hotA hai| vacana parAdhigama hetu hotA hai| vacanAtmaka syAvAda zruta ke dvArA jIvAdi kI pratyeka paryAya saptabhaMgI rUpa se

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74 anekAnta-56/1-2 jAnI jAtI hai| 19 svArtha evaM parArtha pramANa kI saMgati AcArya pUjyapAda ne svArtha evaM parArtha pramANoM kI tattvArthasUtrakAra dvArA mAnya pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANoM se saMgati baiThAte hue kahA hai ki zrutajJAna ko chor3akara zeSa cAroM matijJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna evaM kevalajJAna svArtha pramANa haiN| parantu zrutajJAna svArtha pramANa bhI hai aura parArtha pramANa bhI / 20 phalita yaha hai ki svArtha to pA~coM hI jJAna haiM, kintu parArtha mAtra zrutajJAna hI hai| anya koI bhI jJAna parArtha nahI hai| isa prakAra svArtha evaM parArtha pramANoM kA bhI pratyakSa eva parokSa pramANoM meM hI antarbhAva hai| unakI pRthak pramANatA svIkRta nahI hai| anumAna Adi pramANoM kA pRthak kathana na karane kA kAraNa spaSTa karate hue tattvArthavArtikakAra ne 'anumAnAdInAM pRthaganupadezaH zrutAvarodhAt '2" vArtika likhA hai| isake vyAkhyAna meM ve spaSTa karate haiM ki anumAna Adi kA svapratipatti kAla meM anakSara zruta meM tathA parapratipatti kAla meM akSara zruta meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| isalie inakA pRthak upadeza nahI kiyA gayA hai| AlApapaddhati Adi meM jo kevalajJAna ko nirvikalpaka tathA zeSa ko savikalpaka kahA gayA hai 22 ve bhI pratyakSa eva parokSa pramANa meM hI antarbhUta haiN| prAcIna paramparA to pA~coM jJAnoM ko do pramANa rUpa mAnane kI hI hai| samyagjJAna kI pramANatA AcArya yativRSabha ne 'NANaM hodi pamANaM' 23 kahakara spaSTatayA jJAna ko pramANa mAnA hai| zlokavArtika meM kahA gayA hai 'mithyAjJAnaM pramANaM na samyagityadhikArataH / yathA yatrAvisaMvAdastathA tatra pramANatA / ' 24 arthAt kyoMki sUtra meM samyaktva kA adhikAra adhyAhRta hai, isalie saMzayAdi se yukta mithyAjJAna pramANa nahI hai| jisa prakAra se jahA~ para avisaMvAda hai, vahA~ para usa prakAra pramANapanA hai| yahA~ para yaha vizeSa avadheya hai ki svaviSaya meM bhI matijJAna evaM zrutujJAna

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anekAnta-56/1-2 75 ekadeza pramANa haiM, avadhi Adi tIna jJAna pUrNataHpramANa haiN| kevalajJAna to sarvatra pramANa hai| zlokavArtika meM kahA bhI gayA hai 'svArthe matizrutajJAnaM pramANaM dezataH sthitm| avadhyAdi tu kAryena kevalaM srvtstrissu||' 25 prAmANyavAda jJAna ke prAmANya evaM aprAmANya viSayaka vicAra ko dArzanika jagat me prAmANyavAda kahA jAtA hai| jJAna yathArtha hai yA ayathArtha isa vicAra ko nyAya meM prAmANyagraha kahate haiN| prAmANya svataH hai arthAt jJAna grAhaka sAmagrI eva prAmANya grAhaka sAmagrI eka hai athavA prAmANya parataH hai arthAt jJAna grAhaka sAmagrI pRthak hai aura prAmANyagrAhaka sAmagrI pRthak hai, pramukhatayA prAmANyavAda kA vivecya hai| sAMkhya dArzanikoM kA vicAra hai ki jJAna kA prAmANya evaM aprAmANya svataH hote haiM 26 arthAt jisa pramANa ke dvArA vastu kA jJAna hotA hai, usI pramANa ke dvArA usa jJAna kI prAmANikatA yA apramANikatA kA bhI nirNaya ho jAtA hai| mImAMsakoM ke anusAra prAmANya svataH aura aprAmANya parataH hotA hai| vedAnta darzana kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai| kucha bauddha aprAmANya ko svataH aura prAmANya ko parata: mAnate haiM jabaki kucha prAmANya aura aprAmANya dono ko kiJcit svataH evaM kiJcit parataH svIkAra karate hai| nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika prAmANya aura aprAmANya dono ko parataH mAnate haiN| jaina dArzaniko kA kahanA hai ki utpatti kI dazA meM jJAna kA prAmANya eva aprAmANya donoM svataH hote haiM tathA jJapti kI dazA me donoM hI parataH hote haiN| yadyapi tattvArthasatrakAra ne isa viSaya meM koI ullekha nahI kiyA hai, kintu zlokavArtikakAra ne spaSTatayA likhA hai 'atrAbhyAsAtpramANatvaM nizcitaM svata eva nH| anabhyAse tu parataH ityaahuH----------||32 arthAt abhyAsa dazA me jJAna svarUpa kA nirNaya karate samaya hI yugapat

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76 anekAnta-56/12 usake pramANapane kA bhI nirNaya kara liyA jAtA hai, parantu anabhyAsadazA me to dUsare kAraNoM se hI pramANapanA jAnA jAtA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki abhyAsadazA meM pramANa svata: aura anabhyAsadazA meM pramANa parata: hotA hai| apramANa ke viSaya meM bhI yahI sthiti hai| pramANa-prameya Adi meM kathaJcit bhedAbhedapanA AcArya pUjyapAda ne pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prazna upasthita kiyA hai ki yadi jJAna ko pramANa mAnate haiM to phala kise mAneMge? phala kA to abhAva hI ho jaayegaa| isake uttara meM ve kahate haiM ki yaha koI doSa nahI hai| kyoMki padArtha ke jJAna ho jAne para prIti dekhI jAtI hai| yahI pramANa kA phala kahA- jAtA hai| athavA apekSA yA ajJAna kA nAza pramANa kA phala hai| jo lo. sannikarSa ko pramANa mAnate hai ve padArtha ke jJAna ko phala mAna lete hai, kintu pUjyapAda kA kahanA hai, ki yadi sannikarSa ko pramANa mAnA jAyegA to sUkSma vyavahita aura viprakRSTa padArtho kA grahaNa nahI ho sakegA aura isa prakAra sarvajJatA kA bhI abhAva siddha hogaa| indriyo ko pramANa mAnane para bhI yahI doSa upasthita hotA hai| cakSu eva maina ke aprApyakArI hone se indriya aura sannikarSa bhI nahI bana sakatA hai| sannikarSa ko pramANa aura padArtha ke jJAna ko phala mAnate hai to sannikarSa do meM rahane vAlA siddha hogA aura isa prakAra to ghaTa paTAdi padArtho ke bhI jJAna kI prApti kA prasaMga upasthita ho jaayegaa| 4 ataeva sannikarSa ko pramANa nahI mAnA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra pramANa aura prameya sarvathA bhinna nahI haiN| jisa prakAra ghaTAdi padArtho ko prakAzita karane meM dIpaka hetu hai aura apane ko prakAzita karane meM bhI vahI hetu hai| isake lie prakAzAntara kI AvazyakatA nahI hotI hai| usI prakAra pramANa bhI hai| ataH prameya ke samAna pramANa ke lie yadi anya pramANa mAnA jAtA hai to sva kA jJAna nahI hone se smRti kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| smRti kA abhAva ho jAne se vyavahAra ke lopa kA prasaga upasthita ho jaavegaa| ataH spaSTa hai ki pramANa aura prameya sarvathA bhinna nahI hai| parantu donoM meM kathaJcit bhinnapanA bhI hai| jisa prakAra bAhya prameyoM se pramANa (ghaTa se dIpaka kI taraha) bhinna hotA hai usI prakAra

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anekAnta-56/1--2 77 prameya se pramANa me kthnyci| bhinnatA bhI hai| kyoMki pramANa to pramANa bhI hai aura prameya bhI, jabaki prameya kevala prameya hai| naya kA lakSaNa __paraspara viruddha pakSo vAlI aneka rUpAtmaka vastu ko kisI eka pakSa se dakhane vAlI jJAtA kI dRSTi kA nAma naya hai| jaba-jaba vastu meM dharma-dharmI kA bheda hokara dharma dvArA vastu kA jJAna hotA hai taba taba vaha jJAna nayajJAna kahalAtA hai| isI kAraNa nayo ko zrutajJAna kA bheda kahA gayA hai| yadyapi pramANa aura naya dono se padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai, tathApi itanI vizeSatA avazya hai ki pramANa sakalAdezI hai jabaki naya vikalAdezI hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA hai 'sakalAdezaH pramANAdhIno vikalAdezo nayAdhIna iti|' 15 tattvArthAdhigamabhASya me naya kA niruktyartha karate hue kahA gayA hai-'jIvAdIna padArthAn nayanti prApnuvanti kArayanti sAdhayanti nivartayanti nirbhAsayanti upalambhayanti vyaJjayanti iti nyH| 6 arthAta jo jIvAdi padArtho ko lAte hai, prApta karAte hai, banAte hai, avabhAsa karAte haiM, upalabdha karAte hai, prakaTa karAte hai, ve naya hai| tiloyapaNNattI, AlApapaddhati, prameyakamala mArtaNDa Adi grantho me jJAtA, pramAtA athavA vaktA ke abhiprAya ko naya kahA gayA hai|" AcArya pUjyapAda kA kahanA hai ki anekAntAtmaka vastu me virodha ke binA hetu ko mukhyatA se sAdhyavizeSa kI yathArthatA ko prApta karAne meM samartha prayoga ko naya kahate hai| " zlokavArtika me apane ko aura padArtha ko eka deza rUpa se jAnanA naya kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai|" AcArya akalakadeva ne pramANa ke dvArA sagRhIta vastu ke artha ke eka aza ko naya mAnA hai| 40 AcArya pUjyapAda kA kahanA hai ki vastu ko pramANa se jAnakara bAda meM kisI eka avasthA dvArA padArtha kA nizcaya karanA naya hai| zlokavArtikakAra ke anumAna zrutajJAna ko mUla kAraNa mAnakara hI nayajJAnoM kI siddhi mAnI gaI hai| 2 naya ke bheda tattvArthasUtrakAra AcArya umAsvAmI ne sAta nayo kA ullekha kiyA hainagama. sagraha, vyavahAra. RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha evaM evbhuut|

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78 anekAnta-56/1-2 mUla nayoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM paM. phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI ne likhA hai ki "SaTkhaNDAgama meM naya ke naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra aura zabda ina pA~ca bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi kaSAyapAhuu meM ye hI pA~ca bheda nirdiSTa haiM tathApi vahA~ naigama ke saMgrahika aura asaMgrahika ye do bheda tathA tIna zabda naya batalAye haiN| zvetAmbara tattvArthabhASya aura bhASyamAnya sUtroM kI paramparA kaSAyapAhuDa kI paramparA kA anukaraNa karatI huI pratIta hotI hai| usameM bhI mUla naya pA~ca mAne gaye haiM aura naigama ke do tathA zabda naya ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN| tattvArthabhASya meM jo naigama ke dezaparikSepI aura sarvaparikSepI ye do bheda kiye hai to ve kaSAyapAhuDa meM kiye gaye naigama ke saMgrahika aura asaMgrahika ina do bhedo ke anurUpa hI haiN| siddhasena divAkara naigama naya ko nahI mAnate, zeSa cha: nayoM ko mAnate haiN| isake sivA saba digambara aura zvetAmbara granthoM meM spaSTataH sUtrokta sAta nayoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai| isa prakAra vivakSAbheda se yadyapi nayo kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM aneka paramparAe~ milatI haiM, tathApi ve paraspara eka dUsare kI pUraka hI haiN|''44 ukta sAtoM naya do naya rUpa naigama Adi sAto naya dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiN| AcArya pUjyapAda ne likhA hai-'sa dvedhA dravyArthika : pryaayaarthikshceti|' 45 dhavalA me bhI kahA gayA hai ki tIrthakaroM ke vacanoM ke sAmAnya prastAra kA mUla vyAkhyAtA dravyArthika naya hai tathA unhIM vacanoM ke vizeSa prastAra kA mUla vyAkhyAtA paryAyArthika naya hai| zeSa sabhI naya ina donoM hI nayoM ke vikalpa yA bheda haiN| 46 bhAskaranandi ne kahA hai ki ye naigamAdi sAto naya hI do naya rUpa hote haiN| kyoMki zrutajJAna ke dvArA gRhIta vastu ke aza se dravya aura paryAya jisake dvArA prApta kiye jAte hai ve naya haiM, isa taraha vyutpatti hai| dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika aise ye do naya haiN| dravya, sAmAnya, abheda, utsarga aura anvaya ye zabda ekArthavAcI haiN| dravya hai prayojana jisakA use dravyArthika naya kahate haiN| dravya viSaya vAlA dravyArtha naya hai| paryAya, vizeSa. bheda, apavAda, vyatireka ye zabda ekArthavAcI haiN| paryAya hai prayojana jisakA use paryAyArthika naya kahate haiN| athavA paryAya viSaya vAlA paryAyArthanaya hai| dravya ke astiva ko svIkAra kare vaha dravya hai| isa prakAra kI buddhi hai jisakI vaha naya dravyAstika hai| paryAya ke astitva ko svIkAra kare vaha paryAya hai| isa

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anekAnta-56/1-2 79 prakAra kI buddhi hai jisakI vaha paryAyAstika hai| ukta naigamAdi sAta nayoM meM naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra ye tIna dravyArthika naya ke bheda hai tathA RjusUtra Adi zeSa cAra paryAyArthika naya ke bheda haiN| naigama naya yadyapi dravya aura paryAya donoM ko mukhya-gauNa bhAva se grahaNa karatA hai phira bhI vaha inako upacAra se grahaNa karatA hai, ata: vaha dravyArthika naya kA bheda hai| saMgraha naya to dravyArthika hai hii| vyavahAra naya ke viSaya meM UrdhvatA sAmAnya se bheda nahI kiyA jAtA hai, isalie ise bhI dravyArthika naya hI mAnA jAtA hai| Age ke cAra naya paryAyArthika hai| RjusUtra naya to paryAya vizeSa ko grahaNa karatA hI hai, zeSa tIna bhI paryAya ko hI viSaya banAte haiN| ataH inhe paryAyArthika mAnA gayA hai| ukta sabhI naya yadyapi apane-apane viSaya ko hI grahaNa karate haiM kintu mukhya-gauNa bhAva se paraspara sApekSa rahate haiN| sAtoM nayoM kA saMkSipta svarUpa zrI zrutasAgara sUri ke anusAra naigamAdi sAto nayo ko svarUpa isa prakAra hai(1) naigama- jo eka dravya yA paryAya ko grahaNa nahI karatA isa vikalpa rUpa ho vaha nigama hai aura nigama kA bhAva naigama hai| sakalpa mAtra grAhI naigama naya kahalAtA hai| (2) saMgraha- abheda rUpa vastu ke grahaNa karane ko sagraha naya kahate hai| (3) vyavahAra- sagraha naya se gRhIta artha ko bheda rUpa se grahaNa karanA vyavahAra naya hai| (4) RjusUtra- Rju kA artha sarala hai| jo Rju arthAt sarala ko sUcita karatA hai arthAt svIkAra karatA hai, vaha RjusUtra naya hai| (5) zabda- zabda se, vyAkaraNa se, prakRti pratyaya dvAra se siddha, zabda naya (6) samAbhirUDha- paraspara abhirUDha samAbhirUDha naya hai|

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80 anekAnta-56/1-2 (7) evaMbhUta- kriyA kI pradhAnatA se kahA jAya, vaha evaMbhUta naya hai| 48 bhAta pakAne ke taiyArI karane vAle ko bhAta pakAne vAlA kahanA, dravya kahane se sabhI jIva-ajIva dravyoM kA grahaNa karanA, dravya ke chaH bheda karanA, vartamAna paryAya ko hI grahaNa karanA, dAra-bhAryA-kalatra ekArthaka hona para bhI liga bheda se bhinna mAna indra-zaka-purandara meM bhinnArthakatA hone para bhI rUDhi se eka artha kA grahaNa karanA tathA jaba jo jisa avasthA meM ho use taba vaisA hI kahanA ukta sAtoM nayoM ke kramazaH udAharaNa hai| ye sAtoM naya kramaza: uttarottara sUkSma viSaya vAle hai tathA inameM pUrva-pUrva naya kI uttara-uttara naya ke prati kAraNatA hai| ata: inake krama ko isI prakAra kahA jAnA sahetuka hai| naya dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika hI hote haiM, guNArthika nahIM AcArya akalakadeva ne kahA hai ki dravya ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa ye do hI svarUpa hai| sAmAnya, utsarga, anvaya aura guNa ye ekArthaka zabda hai| vizeSa, bheda aura paryAya ye ekArthaka zabda haiN| sAmAnya ko viSaya karane vAlA dravyArthika naya hai aura vizeSa ko viSaya karane vAlA paryAyArthika ny| dono se samudita ayutasiddha rUpa dravya hai| ataH jaba guNa ko dravya kA hI sAmAnya rUpa mAnA gayA hai taba usake grahaNa karane ke lie dravyArthika naya se bhinna guNArthika naya mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahI hai| kyoMki naya vikalAdezI hai aura samudAya rUpa dravya sakalAdezI hai| ata: samudAya rUpa dravya to pramANa kA viSaya hai, naya kA nhii| AcArya akalaMka deva ne 'tadubhayasagrahaH pramANam' kahakara yaha pahale hI spaSTa kara diyA thA ki dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika donoM nayo kA saMgraha pramANa hai| nayAbhAsa ___ paraspara sApekSa naya hI samyak hote haiM, nirapekSa nhiiN| jisa prakAra paraspara sApekSa rahakara hI tantu Adi paTa rUpa kArya kA utpAdana karate hai, usI prakAra naya bhI sApekSa rahakara hI samyagjJAna rUpa kArya ke kAraNa banate hai| nirapekSa nayo ko hI mithyAnaya, kunaya yA nayAbhAsa samajhanA caahie|

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anekAnta-56/12 81 yahA~ yaha vizeSa avadheya hai ki jisa prakAra zakti kI apekSA nirapekSa tantu vemA Adi me paTa kA kAraNapanA kathacit mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra nirapekSa nayo meM bhI zakti kI apekSA samyagjJAna kA kAraNapanA mAnA jA sakatA hai| isI bAta ko sarvArthasiddhi me nimnalikhita zabdo meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai 'atha tattvAdiSu paTAdikArya zaktyapekSayA astiityucyte| nayeSvapi nirapekSeSu vaddhyabhidhAnarUpeSu kAraNavazAt samyagdarzanahetutvavipariNatisadbhAvAt zakratyAtmanAstitvamiti saamymevopnyaassy|' / kyA naya sAta hI haiM? nayoM kA vivecana kahI zabda, artha eva jJAna rUpa me trividha huA to kahI paJcavidha, saptavidha yA navavidha bhii| vastuta: jitane bhI vacanamArga hai, utane hI naya ke bheda haiN| dravya kI ananta zaktiyA~ hai| ata: unake kathana karane vAle ananta naya ho sakate hai| zlokavArtika ke anusAra sakSepa me naya do-dravyArthika eva paryAyArthika, vistAra se tattvArthasUtra meM pratipAdita naigamAdi sAta tathA ativistAra se sakhyAta vigraha vAle hote hai| nirapekSa naya grahaNa se utpanna bhrAntiyA~ aura unake tattvArthasUtra evaM usakI TIkAoM meM pradatta samAdhAna bhrAnti 1. zubhapravRtti, pariNAma evaM upayoga se Asrava aura bandha hI hotA hai| samAdhAna- vrata pravRtti rUpa bhI hote hai tathA nivRtti rUpa bhI hote hai| ahisA Adi vrato ko ekadeza pravRtti rUpa hone kI vajaha se AcArya umAsvAmI ne jahA~ unheM Asrava ke kAraNoM me rakhA hai, vahIM sayama, brahmacarya evaM tapa ko dasa dharmo me grahaNa kara unhe savara kA kAraNa bhI mAnA hai tathA tapa ko to nirjarA kA hetu bhI kahA hai| bhrAnti 2. nimitta kucha nahI karatA hai tathA nimitta ke abhAva meM bhI kAryotpatti ho sakatI hai| nimitta to svataH mila jAtA hai| samAdhAna- karmo kA phaladAna dravya. kSetrAdi ke nimitta hone para hI hotA hai. usake binA nahI hotA hai| yadi kisI karma kA udayakAla ho to

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82 anekAnta--56/1-2 usakA udaya to hogA para vaha nimitta abhAva meM svamukha se udaya na hokara paramukha se udaya ho jAtA hai| pa. phUlacandra zAstrI ne sarvArthasiddhi ke vizeSArtha meM svayaM likhA hai ki 'hAsya aura rati kA utkRSTa udayakAla sAmAnyataH chaH mAha hai| isake bAda inakI udaya-udIraNA na hokara arati aura zoka kI udaya-udoraNA hone lagatI hai| kintu chaha mAha ke bhItara yadi hAsya aura rati ke viruddha nimitta milatA hai to bIca meM hI inakI udaya-udIraNA badala jAtI hai|" isI prakAra svarga me sAtAnimittaka sAmagrI hone se asAtA udayakAla me sAtA rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai tathA naraka me asAtAnimittaka sAmagrI hone se sAtA udayakAla me asAtA rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| pUjyavAda svAmI ne likhA hai 'dravyAdinimittavazAt karmaNAM phlpraaptirudyH|' 'ko bhava:? AyurnAmakarmodayanimittaH AtmanaH paryAyo bhvH| pratyayaH kAraNaM nimittmitynrthaantrm|' 7 bhrAnti 3. nimitta ko kAraNa mAnane se dravya kI svatantratA me bAdhA hotI hai| samAdhAna- ukta prazna ke uttara me AcArya akalaMkadeva kA kahanA hai ki dha mAdi dravyo ke nimitta se hI jIva eva pudgala kI gati-sthiti saMbhava hotI hai| kyA aisA mAnane se jIva apane mokSa puruSArtha me asamartha ho jAtA hai? yadi nahIM, to nizcita hai ki kAryotpatti meM paradravya ke nimitta mAtra hone se vastu svAtantraya me koI bAdhA nahI AtI hai| isI prakAra kI anya aneka bhrAntiyA~ bhI nirapekSa nayo ko grahaNa karane se utpanna huI hai| ata: nayA meM sApekSatA Avazyaka hai|

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anekAnta-56/1-2 83 hetu hetu sandarbha: (1) tattvArthasUtra, 1/6, (2) nyAyadIpikA, pR. 4, (3) vahI, pRSTha 5, (4) vahI, pRSTha 5 para TippaNI, (5) tattvArthasUtra, 1/9. (6) vahI, 1/31, (7) kaSAyapAhuDa, pustaka 1 bhAga 1 prakaraNa 1/27 pRSTha 37. (8) tattvArthasUtra 1/10, (9) sarvArthasiddhi 1/10 pRSTha 98, (10) tattvArthavArtika (rAjavArtika) 1/10 pRSTha 49, (11) tattvArthavRtti - zrutasAgarasUri sUtra 1/31 kI vRtti tattvArthavRtti -- bhAskaranandi sUtra 1/31 kI vRtti (12) sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra 1/32 (matizrutAvadhayo viparyayazca) kA bhASya (13) sadasatoravizeSAd ydRcchoplbdherunmttvt| tattvArthasUtra 1/32 (14) draSTavya - (ka) mukta jIva kI Urdhvagamana siddhi pakSa (pratijJA) - tadanantaramUrdhva gcchtyaalokaantaat| - puurvpryogaadsgtvaadbndhcchedaattthaagtiprinnaamaacc| udAharaNa - AviddhakulAlacakravadvyapagalepA laambuvdernnddbiijvdgnishikhaavcc| (kha) jIvo kI sampUrNa lokAkAza taka meM avagAha kI siddhi pakSa (pratijJA) .. asakhyeyabhAgAdiSu jiivaanaam| pradIpasahAravisarpAbhyAm udAharaNa - prdiipvt| -tattvArthasUtra 5/15-16 (15) ttprmaanne| Adye prokssm| prtykssmnyt| -tattvArthasUtra 1/10-12 (16) tattvArthAdhigamabhASya 1/2 pRSTha 35, (17) sarvArthasiddhi, 1/16 pRSTha 20, (18) vahI (19) tattvArthavArtika (rAjavArtika) 1/16 pRSTha 33, (20) 'tatra svArtha pramANa shrutvy'm| zruta punaH svArtha bhavati parArtha c|' -sarvArthasiddhi 1/6 pRSTha 20, (21) tattvArthavArtika 1/20/15 pRSTha 78 (22) AlApapaddhati, 9, (23) tiloyapaNNattI 1/83, (24) zlokavArtika 3/1, 10/38 (25) vahI, 3/1, 10/39, (26) pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAkhyA: smaashritaaH| -sarvadarzanasaMgraha, sAkhya prakaraNa. (27) nyAyamaJjarI bhAga 1 pRSTha 160-174, (28) draSTavya - sarvadarzanasagraha, bauddha prakaraNa, (29) tattvasagraha, kArikA 3/23. (30) nyAyamaJjarI, pRSTha 160-174, (31) pramANamImAsA 1/1/8, (32) zlokavArtika 3/1/10/126-127 (33) sarvArthasiddhi 1/10 pRSTha 97. (34) vahI 1/10 pRSTha 97 tathA tattvArthavArtika 1/10/16-22 (35) sarvArthasiddhi 1/6 pRSTha 20, (36) tattvArthAdhigamabhASya 1/35 (37) 'Nayo vi NAdussa hidiya bhaavttho|' . tiloyapaNNattI 1/83 'jJAturabhiprAyo vA ny:|' . AlApapaddhati 9 'jJAturabhiprAyo nyH| __ - prameya kamalamArtaNDa pRSTha 676 (38) 'vastunyanekAntAtmayavirodhena hetvarpaNAtsAvizeSasya yAthAtmyaprApaNapravaNaH prayogo nyH|' -sarvArthasiddhi 1/33 pR. 140 (39) 'svArthaikadezAnirNItilakSaNo hi nayaH smRtH|' -zlokavArtika 2/1, 6/17 (40) tattvArthavArtika 1/33/1 pRSTha 94, (41) sarvArthasiddhi 1/6 pRSTha 20

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84 ( 42 ) 'zrutamUlA nayA: siddhA: / ' -zlokArtika 2/1, 6/27 (43) 'naigamasagrahavyavahArarjusUtrazabdasamabhirUDhaivabhUtA nayA: / ( 44 ) tattvArthasUtra 1 / 33 kI hindI vyAkhyA (45) sarvArthasiddhi 1 / 33 pR 140 (46) valA pustaka khaNDa 1 / bhAga 1/ sUtra 1 / pRSTha 1 /gAthA 5 ( 47 ) tattvArthavRtti - bhAskaranandi 1/33 pR 59 ( 48 ) tattvArthavRtti - zrutasAgarasUri 1/33 pR 165 (49) tattvArthavAtika ( rAjavArtika) 5/38/3 9/1 3 (54) sarvArthasiddhi 8/21 ( 55 ) vahI 9 / 36 kA vizeSArtha anekAnta-56/1-2 - tattvArthasUtra 1/33 (50) vahI, 1/7/5 (51) sarvArthasiddhi 1 / 33 pRSTha 146 (52) zlokavArtika 4/1/13 zloka 3-4 pRSTha 215 (53) Asravanirodha savaraH / sa gupti samitidharmAnuprekSAparISahajayacAritreH / tapasA nirjarA ca / - tattvArthasUtra ( 56 ) vahI 2 / 1 (57) vahI 1 / 21 ( 58 ) tattvArthavArtika 5/1 rIDara evaM adhyakSa - saMskRta vibhAga esa. DI. (pI. jI.) kaoNleja, mujaphpharanagara ahiMsA kyA haiM? ahiMsA koI patha yA sampradAya nahI hai| ahiMsA eka dRSTi hai| ahiMsA vaha dharma hai jo dhAraNa karatA hai, jo nirmANa aura sRjana karatA hai, jo sAttvika surakSA detA hai, abhaya detA hai, maitrI aura kSamA detA hai| ahisA hiMsA ke abhAva se kahI adhika gaharI aura samunnata eka avadhAraNA hai, jo samyaka, darzana, jJAna aura caritra ko jagat se eva jIvamAtra se jor3atA hai| anekAMta kI sahiSNutA hai, manuSyatA kA savidhAna hai| - lakSmImala sidhavI

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kyA 'candrodaya' aura 'nyAyakumudacandra' kA racayitA eka hai? -DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina, dillI bhAratIya vizeSakara jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM, eka hI nAma ke kaI vyaktiyo kI eka lambI paramparA hai| ina samAna nAma vAle sAhityakAroM/lekhako kA svatatrarUpa se koI vizeSa paricaya bhI nahIM milatA aura jo kucha paricaya prApta hotA hai, vaha itanA kama hai ki usake AdhAra para unakI samAnatA/asamAnatA kA nirNaya karanA bhI kaThina hai|| prAcIna kAla se lekara prAyaH madhyakAla ke prArabha taka bhAratIya sAhitya aura paramparA me sAmAnyataH yaha pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai ki amuka AcArya yA lekhaka racanA karate samaya apanA, apane vaMza kA yA guru-paramparA Adi kA paraciya nahI detaa| isame sabhavataH Atma-zlAghA se bacanA aura 'AtmanAma gurornAma nAmAtikRpaNasya ca...' Adi bhAvanA hI pramukha kAraNa rahI hai| isI taraha kA eka nAma 'prabhAcandra' kA hai| jaina sAhitya aura purAtattva ke anusAra prabhAcandra nAma ke aneka vyakti hue haiN| inake viSaya meM svatatra rUpa se vizeSa paricaya na milane se vyakti-bheda aura kAla-bheda hone para bhI unake viSaya me saMzaya utpanna ho jAte haiM(1) harivaMzapurANa (racanA I. 783) meM jinasena ne kisI prabhAcandra nAmaka vidvAn kA smaraNa kiyA hai jo kumArasena ke ziSya the| harivaMza kA avikala padya isa prakAra haiAkUpAraM yazo loke prbhaacndrodyojvlm| guroH kumArasenasya vickhyjitaatmkm|| prathama sarga, zloka 38 isa zloka ke 'prabhAcandrodayojjvalam' pada meM candrodaya zabda AyA hai|

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86 anekAnta-56/1-2 yadyapi yahA~ para isa zabda kA artha alaga hai parantu yaha candrodaya zabda prabhAcandrakRta usa candrodaya nAmaka racanA kA smaraNa karAtA hai, jisakA ullekha AdipurANa meM jinasena ne kiyA hai| (2) AdipurANa (racanA I. 838) ke prArambha meM pUrvAcAryo ko smaraNa karate samaya AcArya jinasena ne bhI prabhAcandra nAma ke eka kavi AcArya ke prati bahumAna prakaTa kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM - caMdrAzuzubhrayazasaM prabhAcandrakaviM stuve| kRtvA candrodayaM yena zazvadAilAditaM jgt|| candrodayakRtastasya yazaH kena na zasyate yadAkalpamanAmlAni satAM zekharatAM gtm|| prathama parva,zloka 47-48 arthAt candramA kI kiraNo ke samAna zveta yaza ke dhAraka prabhAcandra kavi kA stavana karatA hU~, jinhoMne candrodaya kI racanA karake saMsAra ko AhlAdita (prasanna) kiyA hai| vAstava meM candrodaya kI racanA karane vAle una prabhAcandra AcArya ke kalpAnta kAla taka sthira rahane vAle tathA sajjano ke mukuTabhUta yaza kI prazaMsA kona nahI karatA? arthAta sabhI karate haiN| ukta smaraNa padya me ullikhita kavikarma rUpa candrodaya prabhAcandra kI yazasvI racanA batAyI gayI hai| isa racanA kA jinasena kI dRSTi meM itanA adhika mahattva rahA hai ki usakI prazaMsAdi ke viSaya meM do padya (47-48) likhe gaye haiN| ina candrodaya nAma ke kAraNa harivaMzapurANa meM smRta candrodaya (prabhAcandrodayojjvala) nAmaka kRti kI ora balAt dhyAna calA jAtA hai| (3) jaina sAhitya meM eka prabhAcandra (I. 950-1020) prathita tarka granthakAra haiN| inakI nyAyakumudacandra tathA prameyakamalamArtaNDa Adi tArkika kRtiyA~ prasiddha evaM upalabdha haiN| inake guru kA nAma padmanandi saiddhAntika thaa| prabhAcandra ne nyAyakumudacandra (pAMcave pariccheda kA prAraMbha) meM anantavIrya (I. navI zatI) kA kRtajJatA pUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai aura unakI yuktiyA~ bahuta mahattvapUrNa batalAyIM haiN| unhoMne prameyakamalamArtaNDa me vidyAnanda kA bhI smaraNa kiyA hai| yathA -

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anekAnta-56/1-2 vidyAnanda-samantabhadraguNato nityaM mnonndnm| (4) nyAyakumudacandra kI prazAsti me svaya prabhAcandra ne likhA hai bhavyAmbhojadivAkaro gunnnidhiyo'bhuunjgdbhuussnnH| siddhAntAdisamastazAstrajaladhi shriipdmnndiprbhuH|| (5) zravaNavelagolA ke zilAlekha saMkhyA (64) me aviddhakarNa padmanandi saiddhAntika ke ziSya rUpa meM kisI prabhAcandra kA ullekha hai jo kulabhUSaNa nAmaka vidvAn ke gurubhAI (sadharmA) batAye gaye haiaviddhakAdikapadmanandisaiddhAntikAkhyo'jani yasya loke| kaumAradevavratitAprasiddhirjIyAttu so jJAnanidhissa dhiirH||15|| tacchiSyaH kulabhUSaNAkhyayatipazcAritravArAnnidhiH siddhAntAmbudhipArago natavinepastatsadharmo mhaan| zabdAmbhoruhabhAskaraH prathitatarkagranthakAra: prabhAcandrAkhyo munirAjapaNDitavaraH zrI kuNDakuNDAnvayaH // 16 // jaina zilAlekhasagrahaH, pRSTha 26/2 (6) zimogA jile ke nagara tAlluke ke 46vI saMkhyA ke zilAlekha me eka padya nimnaprakAra pAyA jAtA haisukhi...nyAyakumudacandrodayakRte namaH zAkaTAyanakRtsUtranyAsakaa vrtiindve|| isa padya meM do bAteM pramukha haiN| eka to grantha kA nAma nyAyakumudacandrodaya diyA hai aura usake kartA ko namana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare isI nyAyakumudacandrodaya ke kartA ko zAkaTAyanasUtranyAsa kA racayitA batAyA gayA hai| - bhrAnti ke kAraNa uparyukta candrodaya, nyAyakumudacandrodaya nyAyakumudacandra prabhAcandrodayojjvala Adi nAma aura pada hai jinheM eka hI grantha ke vibhinna nAmAntara mAna liyA jAtA hai| yahA~ taka ki nyAyakumudacandra kA nAma nyAyakumudacandrodaya bhI cala par3atA hai| vastutaH prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke racayitA prabhAcandra ke grantha kA vAstavika nAma nyAyakumudacandra hI hai, candrodaya nhii|

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anekAnta - 56/1-2 | ata: harivaMzapurANa me kumArasena ke ziSya ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiye gaye prabhAcandra nyAyakumudacandra ke kartA prabhAcaMda se bhinna koI pRthak vyakti haiN| isI prakAra AdipurANa me candrodaya ke karttA ke rUpa meM smRta prabhAcandra bhI, nyAyakumudacandra ke kartA prabhAcandra se alaga vyakti haiN| bahuta sabhava hai ki harivaMzapurANa aura AdipurANa meM ullikhita prabhAcandra aura unakA candrodaya eka hI vyakti eva eka hI racanA ho aura una donoM ke guru bhI eka hI kumArasena ho / ukta tathyo ko nimnalikhita binduoM ke AdhAra para aura adhika spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai 88 (ka) nyAyakumudacanda Adi granthoM ke racayitA prabhAcandra ke guru kA nAma padmanaMdi saiddhAntika thA, jabaki candrodaya ke kartA ke rUpa meM AdipurANa meM smRta prabhAcandra ke guru kA nAma kumArasena batAyA gayA hai| (kha) harivaMzapurANa ( racanA I. 783) ke kartA jinasena aura AdipurANa ( racanA I. 838) ke kartA jinasena dono samakAlIna the| harivazapurANa me 'prabhAcandrodayojjvala' isa zleSapada se candrodaya nAmaka racanA kA saketa kiyA gayA hai| yadi vaha kisI racanA kA hI nAma hai to yaha candrodaya prabhAcandra ke usa candrodaya nAmaka grantha kA smaraNa karAtA hai, jisakA ullekha AdipurANakAra ne kiyA hai| (ga) jaisA Upara saketa kiyA gayA hai ki nyAyakumudacandra meM anantavIrya (I. navI zatI) kA dAya svIkAra kiyA hai| yadi AdipurANa meM ullikhita prabhAcandra aura unakI racanA candrodaya hI prakRta prabhAcandra aura unakI kRti nyAyakumudacandra hai, to yaha saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA ki AdipurANakAra nyAyakumudacandra kA to ullekha kareM aura nyAyakumudacandra meM hI jinake prati bahumAna prakaTa kiyA gayA ho aise anantavIrya sarIkhe yazasvI granthakAra ko bhUla jaayeN| (gha) prabhAcandra ne apane nyAyakumudacandra meM jayantabhaTTa (I. navI zatI kA uttarArdha) kI nyAyamaMjarI kA eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai| unhoMne prameyakamalamArtaNDa evaM nyAyakumudacandra donoM meM jayantabhaTTa ke

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anekAnta-56/1-2 89 kAraNasAkalyavAda kA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| (Da.) nyAyakumudacandra me jinasena (AdipurANa ke kartA) ke ziSya guNabhadrakRta AtmAnuzAsana kA 'andhAdaya mahAnandho... ( zloka 350 ) uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| AtmAnuzAsana guNabhadra kI praur3hakAlIna racanA mAnI jAtI hai| guNabhadra ne IsavI 898 meM, arthAt AdipurANa kI racanA ke 60 varSa bAda, uttarapurANa pUrNa kiyA thA / ataH yaha saMbhava nahI ho sakatA ki IsavI 9 zatI ke anta me yA dazavI ke prAraMbha meM race gaye grantha kA zloka nyAyakumudacandra me A jaaye| uparyukta kAraNoM se IsavIya 783 meM likhe gaye harivaMzapurANa meM yA IsavIya 838 me race gaye AdipurANa me nyAyakumudacandra ke kartA prabhAcandra (I. 950 -1020) kA smaraNa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai? arthAt nahI kiyA jA sktaa| ataeva dhyAtavya hai ki harivaMzapurANa yA AdipurANa me jisa candrodaya nAmaka racanA yA jisa prabhAcandra nAmaka kavi kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| ve vartamAna meM upalabdha eva prasiddha grantha nyAyakumudacandra eva prameyakamalamArtaNDa Adi ke racayitA prabhAcandra nahI hai, apitu unake nAmarAzi koI dUsare hI granthakAra hai, jinakI candrodaya nAmaka koI prasiddha eva mahattvapUrNa racanA thI jo abhI taka aprApta hai| bI. ela. insTITyUTa oNpha inDaoNlojI jI. TI. karanAla roDa, dillI 110 036

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jaina rahasyavAda -DaoN. zrImatI sUrajamukhI jaina 'rahasyavAda' zabda rahasya aura vAda ina do zabdoM ke saMyoga se niSpanna haA hai| 'rahasya' zabda se yat pratyaya karane para 'rahasi bhavaM rahasyam' kI siddhi hotI hai| 'raha' dhAtu tyAga artha meM prayukta hotI hai| ata: rahasya kA artha hai anya prameyoM kA tyaag| prameyAntaroM ke tyAga dvArA viSayAsaMpRkta manobhUmi me hone vAlI pratIti athavA pratIyamAna sattA hI 'rahasya' zabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai| 'vAda' zabda 'vad' dhAtu se dhaJ pratyaya karane para banatA hai| 'ucyate'neneti vAdaH' arthAt jisake dvArA kucha kahA jAya, vaha vAda hai| ataH vyutpatti ke anusAra 'rahasyavAda' vaha vAda hai jisame una vAto kA kathana ho, jinhe saba loga nahI jAnate hai| ___ 'rahasyavAda' eka vizeSa prakAra kI kAvyadhArA hai jisameM racayitA yA kavi jIvana aura jagata ke vyakta kSetra se haTakara usake avyakta pakSa kA udghATana karatA hai aura dRzya jagata ke vividha nAmarUpo meM vyApta agocara tattva kI bhAvAtmaka praNAliyoM dvArA abhivyakti karatA hai| rahasyavAdI kAvya kI pramukha vizeSatA bhAva ke dvArA kisI parokSa sattA kA AbhAsa usake prati rAga vismaya, jijJAsA, lAlasA, asIma vedanA evaM tAdAtmya kI anubhUti hai| yaha anubhUti divyAnubhUti hai kyoki isakA saMbandha alauki zakti se hai| vastutaH rahasyavAda adhyAtmavAda kI paryAya hai| prAcInakAla meM AcAryo, kaviyoM aura muniyoM ne jisa rahasyavAda kA pratipAdana kiyA thA vahI adhyAtmavAda kAvya meM rasa kA saMparka prApta kara rahasyavAda bana gayA hai| adhyAtmavAda kevala sAdhanAmUlaka aura jJAnamUlaka hotA hai, kintu rahasyavAda bhakti aura saadhnaamuulk| bhakti mizrita sAdhanA kA samparka prApta kara jJAnamUlaka zuSka carcAeM sarasa rahasyavAda ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI haiN|

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anekAnta-56/1-2 jainavADmaya meM sAmarasyabhAva, bAhyAcAra kA nirasana, pratIko evaM rahasyavAdI zabdAvalI ke dvArA cittazuddhi kA nirUpaNa aura paramAtmapada kI prApti Adi rahasyavAdI tattva pracuratA se upalabdha hote haiN| jaina rahasyavAda kA svarUpa AtmAnubhUti dvArA sva ko zuddha, buddha aura jJAnarUpa anubhava karate hue zraddhA, jJAna eva cAritra dvArA paramazuddha paramAtma tattva se milana kI kriyA hI rahasyavAda yA rahasyamArga hai| __ jaina dRSTi se vizuddha cetanasvarUpa kI upalabdhi hI rahasyavAda kA sAdhya hai| zuddha paramAtmatattva ke sAtha apanI ekatA kA spaSTa savedana rahasyavAda hai| isa savedana meM ratnatraya kI uttarottara vizuddhi bar3hatI jAtI hai aura AtmA svayaM hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| jaina rahasyavAda me upaniSad ke samAna hI guhyAtiguhya paramatattva kI khoja aura pratyakSIkaraNa kA prayAsa dikhalAI detA hai| kintu jainoM kA paramAtmA na to advaita hai na sRssttikrtaa|' jainAcAryoM ne pratyeka AtmA ko zakti kI apekSA paramAtmA ke samAna batAyA hai| inake anusAra jIvAtmA se paramAtmA bhinna nahI hai| karmabaddha AtmA AtmA kahalAtA hai| aura karmamukta prmaatmaa| rahasyavAda kI prakriyA meM AtmA svAnubhUti ke dvArA dravyakarma bhAvakarma aura nokarmo kA vinAza kara paramAtma pada ko prApta kara letA hai| isa darzana meM AtmA eka nahI aneka haiN| sabhI AtmAeM paramAtmA bana sakatI hai| paramAtmA banane kI prakriyA sAdhanA mArga hai, isa sAdhanA ko yogamArga bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra AtmAnubhUti alaukika hotI hai| isakI tulanA sasAra kI kisI vastu se nahI kI jA sktii| sAdhanA mArga jaina darzana meM ratnatraya ko sAdhanA mArga kahA hai| isa mArga kI tIna kar3iyA haiM-samyakadarzana samyakajJAna aura smykcaaritr| samyakadarzana AtmasattA kI AsthA hai| mai kauna hUM? kyA hU~? kaisA hU? isakA nizcaya hI samyaka darzana hai|

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92 anekAnta-56/1-2 saMsAra meM ananta padArtha haiN| ananta cetana aura ananta jdd'| jar3a aura cetana ke bheda kI prIti hI samyakadarzana kA uddezya hai| moha vaza AtmA para padArtho ko apanA mAnatA hai| vibhinna dravyoM ke eka kSetrAvagAha hone se AtmA kA jar3a pudgala ke sAtha sambandha hai| jisa prakAra dahI aura cInI ke milAne se zrIkhaNDa banatA hai aura isa zrIkhaNDa me mizrita dahI evaM cInI kA eka rUpa pratIta hotA hai usI prakAra eka kSetrAvagAha hone para bhinna bhinna lakSaNa vAle pudgala aura AtmA eka pratIta hote haiN| mohanIya karma ke udaya se rAgadveSa rUpa pariNati hotI hai jisase jIva kA upayoga vikArI ho jAtA hai| jaba bheda jJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai taba caitanya kI zakti pudgala kI zakti se bhinna pratIta hone lagatI hai| dha ma, adharma, AkAza, kAla pudgala tathA anya jIva ye saba sAdhaka ke liye para dravya haiM ye AtmA meM nimitta naimittika bhAva se prakAzamAna haiN| jaba AtmA me nijarasa prakaTa ho jAtA hai aura bhedabuddhi kA prakAza vyApta ho jAtA hai to dharma adharma Adi dravya bhI para pratIta hone lagate haiN| ___ jaba taka jIva nija sahaja svarUpa aura krodhAdi aupAdhika bhAvo meM antara nahI jAnatA hai| taba taka krodhAdi bhAvo ko hI nijasvarUpa jAnane ke kAraNa unameM usakI pravRtti hotI hai, isa pravRtti se pudagala karma kA Azrava hotA hai| Azrava se bandha aura bandha se saMsAra paraMparA calatI hai|' AtmA ko apratIti mithyAtva hai aura pratIti smyktv| apratIti se sva aura para kA bheda lupta ho jAtA hai aura jIvAtmA para ko bhI sva samajhane lagatI hai yahI ajJAna aura duHkha kA kAraNa hai| jaba AtmA kI pratIti ho jAtI hai to vItarAgabhAva aura svarUpa ramaNatA prApta ho jAtI hai| svapratIti ke pazcAt svajJAna yA samyakajJAna hotA hai| samyakajJAna ke hote hI sAdhaka socane lagatA hai ki ananta atIta meM bhI jaba pudgala kA eka kaNa bhI merA apanA nahIM ho sakA taba ananta anAgata meM vaha merA kaise ho skegaa| maiM maiM hUM aura pudgala pudgala hai| AtmA kabhI pudgala rUpa nahIM ho sakatA aura pudgala kabhI AtmarUpa nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra kA bodha jJAna hI samyakjJAna hai| isa vizva ke kaNa-kaNa meM anantakAla se pudgala kI sattA

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anekAnta-56/1-2 02 rahI hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI anantakAla taka rhegii| sAdhaka pudgala ke abhAva kI cintA nahIM karatA, apitu AtmA me pudgala ke prati hone vAlI mamatA kA tyAga karatA hai| jaba pudgala kI mamatA dUra ho jAtI hai taba eka pudgala to kyA anantAnanta pudgala bhI AtmA kA kucha nahI bigAr3a skte| samyakjJAna kA artha hai AtmA ke vizuddha rUpa kA jnyaan| samyakajJAna thor3A bhI ho to vaha adhika ajJAna kI apekSA zreSTha hai| ataH AtmasAdhanA me jJAna kI lolupatA apekSita nahIM hai jJAna kI vizuddhatA apekSita hai| AtmasattA kI samyaka pratIti aura AtmA svarUpa kI samyak sapti ho jAne para bhI jaba taka usa pratIti aura sapti ke anusAra AcaraNa nahIM kiyA jAegA, taba taka sAdhaka kI sAdhanA paripUrNa nahI ho skegii| pratIti aura jJapti ke sAtha AcAra Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya hai| AtmA kA vizvAsa aura jJAna prApta kara lene para bhI jaba taka use parapadArtho se pRthak karane kA prayatna nahI kiyA jAegA, taba taka abhISTa siddhi nahI ho sktii| ata: samyakadarzana aura samyakajJAna ke hone para bhI samyakacAritra ke binA svasvarUpa kI prApti nahI ho sktii| AtmA kA apane sakalpa vikalpa aura vikArI bhAvo ko chor3akara svarUpa me lIna hone kI prakriyA kA nAma hI samyakacAritra hai| yahI sarvokRSTa zIla aura vizaddha sayama hai| cAritra, AcAra, saMyama aura zIla AtmA kI hI zuddha zakti vizeSa haiN|' jaina dRSTi se pratIti ko vicAra meM aura vicAra ko AcAra me parivartita karanA hI pUrNa sAdhanA hai| cAritra athavA AcAra kA artha bAhya kriyAkAMDa nahI hai|' Atmasthiti rUpa samyakcAritra hI upAdeya hai| cAritra AtmA kA guNa hai, isI kI sAdhanA se vItarAga bhAva rUpa AtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi hotI hai| vItarAga bhAva ke utpanna hote hI sAdhaka rAga aura dveSa se rahita ho jAtA hai| jitane aza meM rAga yA dveSa hote hai utane aza meM cAritra nahI hotaa| ataH sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA dvArA AtmA ko kAma krodha moha Adi vikAro se pRthaka kara paramAtmapada ko prApta kara letA hai||

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anekAnta-56/1-2 jaina rahasyavAda cintana aura anubhUtipradhAna hai| AtmA meM anubhUti kI sahaja zakti vidyamAna hai, isa anubhUti ke dvArA hI sAdhaka vikAra yA vikalpoM ko pararUpa mAnatI huA apane zuddha svarUpa kA anubhava kara svAtantraya lAbha kara letA hai| svatantratA prApti ke liye jaina rahasyavAdI praNAlI ke anusAra do mArga haiM- saMvara aura nirjraa| savara dvArA sAdhaka navIna karmo ke Agamana ko rokatA hai|' nirjarA dvArA saMcita karmo ko kSaya karatA hai| nirjarA do prakAra kI haisavipAka aura avipaak| karmo ke udayakAla meM unake zubha eva azubha ke vedana ko vipAka kahA gayA hai| isa vipAka ke dvArA jo karmakSaya hotA hai use savipAka nirjarA kahate haiN| yaha nirjarA sAdhanA ke binA svataH hotI hai, ataH isake dvArA karmo kA anta saMbhava nahIM hai| avipAka nirjarA dvArA sAdhaka tapa dhyAna yoga eva anya AdhyAtmika sAdhanAo se karmaphala ko bhoge binA hI udayakAla meM Ane se pUrva hI kSaya kara detA hai| isa prakAra sAdhaka vibhAva bhAvo kA tyAga kara nirvikalpa samAdhi me pahuMca jAtA hai aura apane pUrva saMcita karmo ko kSaya kara DAlatA hai| jaina vAGmaya ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki prAkRta aura saskRta ke kaviyoM ne jJAnamUlaka adhyAtmavAda kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai to bhraza ke kaviyo ne sAdhanAtmaka adhyAtmavAda kA aura hindI ke jaina kaviyo ne isI adhyAtmavAda meM prema aura dAmpatyabhAva kA niyojana kara ise sarasa aura hRdayagrAhI banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jaina rahasyavAdI granthoM ke adhyayana ke phalasvarUpa hamArI dRSTi me jaina rahasyavAda meM nimna tattvoM kA samAveza pAyA jAtA hai1. AdhyAtmika anubhUti kI kSamatA 2. AtmA aura paramAtmA me aikya kI bhAvanA 3. karmavaddha AtmA kA karmarahita AtmA ke prati samarpaNa 4. ananta jJAna anantadarzanamaya AtmA ke astitva kA dRDha nizcaya aura usake zuddhikaraNa para vishvaas|

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anekAnta-56/1-2 95 5. sAMsArika pralobhanoM kA tyAga 6. AtmAnubhUti ke liye gurU kA mahattva 7. bAhya ADaMbara kA tyAga 8. cittazuddhi yA AtmanirmalatA kA sthAna sarvopari 9. vikAsa ke sopAnamArga kA avalokana 10. puNya pApa donoM kA tyAga 11 yoga mArga kA nirUpaNa 12. pratIko eva pAribhASika zabdAvaliyo kA prayoga 13. abhivyakti kI sarasatA 14. AtmA ke karttatva aura bhoktRtva zakti kA vizvAsa 15. AtmA aura paramAtmA me tAttvika antara na hone para bhI vyavahAranaya se pRthakatA kA vivecana eva paramAtmA pada kI prApti ke liye dAmpatya bhAva kA smaaroh| sAmAnya rahasyavAda aura jaina rahasyavAda meM antara sAmAnya (aupaniSadika) rahasyavAda me paramAtmA aura jIvAtmA me azI aura aza kA sambandha hai| jaba jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA kA ekIkaraNa hotA hai taba jIvAtmA kA astitva paramAtmA me vilIna ho jAtA hai, para jaina rahasyavAda meM AtmA aura paramAtmA meM aza azI kA sambandha nahI hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA dono me zakti kI apekSA ananta jJAna, ananta darzana ananta sukha aura anantavIrya ye cAra guNa pAye jAte hai| karmabaddha AtmA me ye ananta catuSTaya prakaTa nahI hote karmayukta hote hI ananta catuSTaya prakaTa ho jAte hai aura AtmA paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| AtmA kI zuddhatama sthiti hI paramAtmA hai| paramAtmA hone para hI usakA apanA svatantra astitva rahatA hai| yahA para AtmA eka nahI hai| ananta AtmAe hai aura ananta paramAtmA hai| sAmAnya rahasyavAda aura jaina rahasyavAda kA sAdhanA mArga bhI bhinna hai|

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96 anekAnta-56/1-2 paramAtmA banane ke liye AtmA kA gaNasthAna ArohaNa Avazyaka hai| sAdhanA dvArA AtmA kI zakti utpanna nahI karanI hai apitu apane andara nihita zakti ko hI abhivyakta karanA hai| sandarbha / paramAtmaprakAza, DA e ena. upAdhye rAmacanda jaina zAstramAlA bhUmikA, pR 106 2. jaina dharma. pa kailAzacanda zAstrI bhAratIya di. jaina sagha pR. 111 3 paramAtpaprakAza, pR 22 dohA 15 4 vahI, pRSTha 89 dohA 2 3 5 samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga: umAsvAmI 1/1 1 paJcAstikAyasagraha zrImatkundakundAcArya, hindI anuvAdaka zrI maganalAla jaina. di jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagaDha, pacama saskaraNa san 1959, gAthA 128, 129, 130 2 vahI, pR 240, gAthA 162 1. jaina darzana, DA. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, pR 244 2. paJcAstikAyasagraha AcArya kundakunda hindI anuvAda zrI maganalAla seThI. pR. 163, gAthA ] (06 3 dravyasagraha nemicanda siddhAntadeta sa DA daravArIlAla koThiyA, pR. 45. 46 4 jaina darzana. DA mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya varNI granthamAlA pR 244 / pravacanasAra AcArya kundakunda TIkAkAra va zItalaprasAdajI pR 54 2 vahI, pR 61 3. jaina darzana DA. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya pR. 238 se 242 taka 4 vahI, pR. 242 5. vahI pR. 242 6 paramAtmaprakAza dvi adhyAya, dohA 189 se 195 taka / paramAtma prakAza. adhyAya / dohA 75 2 gommaTasArajIvakADa, AcArya nemicandra alakA. 35 imAmavADA mujaphpharanagara

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kavi nathamala kRta 'darzanasAra-bhASA' -DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina Aja se lagabhaga 1070 varSa pUrva mAgha zuklA dazamI vikrama savat 990 meM dhArA nagarI meM AcArya devasena ne prAkRta-bhASA me eka 'darzanasAra' nAmaka mahattvapUrNa grantha kI racanA kI thI, jisame vibhinna mithyA mato ke udbhava Adi kA aitihAsika dRSTi se sakSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| vizeSatayA mithyAtva ke viparIta, ekAnta, saMzaya, vinaya aura ajJAna-ina 5 bhedo kA isa grantha meM mahattvapUrNa paricaya aMkita hai| isI prakAra drAvir3a sagha, mAthura saMgha, kASThA sagha Adi ke paricaya kI dRSTi se bhI yaha grantha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi yaha grantha atyanta laghukAya hai, parantu apanI viSayavastu ke kAraNa pAThako me bahuta carcita rahA hai| prAkRtabhASA se anabhijJa Adhunika pAThako ke lAbhArtha ukta 'darzanasAra' kA kavi nathamala ne Aja se lagabhaga 140 varSa pUrva zrAvaNa kRSNA caturthI, zanivAra, vikrama saMvat 1920 me hindI bhASA me sundara padyAnuvAda kiyA hai, jo Aja bhI bahuta upayogI pratIta hotA hai| ata eva sAhityAnurAgI pAThako ke adhyayanArtha use yahA~ ucita sampAdana ke sAtha avikala rUpa se prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| merI jAnakArI ke anusAra Aja isakI eka mAtra pADulipi jayapura ke bAbA dulIcanda grantha-bhaNDAra me upalabdha hai aura adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| atha darzanasAra bhASA likhyate (dohA) anekAnta prakAzakara, nAzai mata ekaant| anaMta dUSaNa rahita hai, namau parama ziva shaaNt| 1 / / devasena gaNi naiM kiyo, prAkRta drshnsaar| tAkI bhASA likhata hU~, mNdmtii-hitkaar|| 2 / /

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98 anekAnta-56/1-: (caupAI) caturanikAya' namaiM sura pAya', kari praNAma aMtima jinraay| bhASata hU~ maiM darzanasAra, pUraba sUri kathita anusaar|| 3 // namaiM surAsura jinake pAya, bhArata caubIsauM jinraay| keI tinake samayani mAhi, bhae pravartaka mithyA raah|| 4 / / nAma marIca bharata nRpa jAma, bhayo mithyAtI adya ko dhaam| saba bhraSTani maiM dhorI' thayo, pUraba sUri ema vrnnyo|| 5 // tA. kIne nAnA veSa, mUratimAna mithyAta vishess| samyak vrata ke nAzana heta, aura nihU ke bhaye niket|| 6 // ekAMta ju saMzaya mithyAta, viparIta ju vinayaja aghpaaNt| phuni paMcama ajJAna vicAra, pUrava sUri kahe prkaar|| 7 // sarajakai taTa nagara palAsa, pihitAzrava ko ziSya kuvaas| buddhikIrti jAko hai nAma, pArasa tIratha maiM aghdhaam|| 8 // macharI' Adi bhakSata kai mAMhi , jAneM pApa kahyau kachu naaNhi| rAte' kapar3e dhari ekAnta, jAhi pravartAyo saba bhaaNti|| 1 // dahI dUdha mizrI phala jathA, mAMsa jIva-bina bhAkhyo tthaa| tAtai pala kU bhakhate jIva, pApISTI hai nAMhi kdiin|| 10 // madirApAna na varjita bhaNai, jala ghRta tela samAna hi gireN| aise loganikU bahakAya, varatAye saba pApa upaay|| 11 // karai aura bhaugai phala aura, karatA pai nahiM vidhi ko jor| aisaiM apanau raci siddhAMta , narakanivAsa lahyau bina bhraaNt|| 12 // ekAnta mithyAtva :vikrama nRpa kauM parabhava ge| barasa eka so chatIsa bhe|| soraTha deza valabhipura maahi| zvetAmbara upaje zaka naaNhi|| 13 // bhadrabAhu gaNI ko shissy| satyAcArya bhayo subhvissy| tAko ziSya jinacandrahi dusstt| madAcaraNa bhayo aghpusstt|| 14 / /

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anekAnta-56/1-2 tA kiyo sitAMbara 2 bhess| tiya' kai tadbhava mokSa vishess| karai kevalI kvlaahaar| dhArai tana maiM roga apaar|| 15 // yatipada vasanadharana / taiM shii| garabhadhi vAlaMvara kai khii| saba bheSani taiM zivapada jaat| saba ghara prAsuka bhojana khaat|| 16 / / garbha brAhmaNI taNeM mNjhaar| pahalaiM vIra layo avtaar| pI, surapati jinakU kaari| dhAryo trizalA garbha mNjhaar||17|| auraha ityAdika bhubhaaNti| bhASI zaMzai mata kI paati| pApabandha nai tajikai praann| upajyauM yaha lai naraka sthaan||18|| saMzaya mithyAtva : munisuvrata ke tIratha maaNhi| kSIrakadamba vipra zubha bhaaNhi| tAko suta hai parabata naam| krUra nirdaI agha' ko dhaam||1|| tA. kInauM mata vipriit| nAzI saba saMyama kI riit| tAteM saMcyau pApa mhaan| pAyo saptama naraka sthaan|||20|| vinaya mithyAtva :vinaya mithyAta dharai saba ves| dhArai jaTA muDAvai kesh| coTo rAkhai nAMge rhai| nAnA veSa vinayamata ghai||21|| duSTa hohu athavA gunnvaan| sabakI kIje bhakti smaan| deva deva sabahI hai ek| dharie nAhI kachU vivek||22|| vIranAtha ke samaya jhNjhaar| marvaTa pUraNa sAdhu vicaar| loka virSe ajJAna mithyaat| tAnaiM bhAkhyo nAnA bhaaNti|| 23 / / 8 ajJAna tai mokSa sthaan| yukta jIva kai nAMhI jnyaan| phiri Agamana bhramaNa hai naaNhi| jIvani ke bhava-bhava kai maaNhi|| 24 / / saba jIvani ko karatA ekA zUnya dhyAna dhArai na vivek| aisaiM yaha ajJAna mithyaat| mlecchani maiM hai nAnA bhaaNti|| 25 // jinamata bAhari mithyA raah| parakaTa kari lokani ke maah| gayo nigoda sahai dukha ghor| janma maraNa ko nAhI or|| 26 / /

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100 anekAnta-56/1 ajJAna pUjyavAda munivara ko shissy| vrajanaMdi nAmA ika bhikSa / pAhuDa jJAna dhArato dusstt| drAvir3a saMgha ko ati pusstt|| 27 // aprAsuka ke bhakSaNa maahi| muni ke doSa kaLU bhI naaNhi| aiseM kAhe viparIta siddhaant| tAnaiM kalpe mithyA dhvaant|| 28 / / bIjani maiM nAMhi hai jiiv| baiThayo bhojana kahai sdiiv| prAsuka nAhI koU khaan| khAnaiM maiM nahiM pApa nidaan|| 29 // jaisaiM bhakhie ghara ko cuun| taisaiM hI modI' ko cuun| yAmaiM avadya' lesa hU naaNhi| bhASata hai drAviDamata maaNhi|| 30 // vADI khetI cuni ke geh| kari vyopAra jIvate jehuu| zItala jala maiM karateM nhaan| tinakai pApa leza nahi jaan||31|| yamavasi vikrama nRpa kU bhe| varSa pA~ca sai chattisa ge| upajyo dakSiNa mathurA maaNhi| drAvir3a saMgha moha adhikaahi|| 32 // drAvir3a saMgha varaSa sAta saiM pAMca ju ge| pura kalyANavara mAhI tthye| sirI kalaza nAmA sevaadd'o| jAvali saMgha kiyo tihiM khdd'o| 33 / / vIrasena ko ziSa jinsen| kInauM saba zruta ko adhyen| padmanandi muni pIche soh| cyAri saMgha kauM dhArai johu|| 34|| tAko ziSya mhaagunnvaan| zubha bhaddara dhArai zuci jnyaan| karai vAsa pakSa ke sdaa| bhAvaliMga maiM doSa na kdaa|| 35 // vinayasena ka tttvsvruup| jaNavAyo satyAratha ruup| kahi siddhAnta dhAri sNnyaas| pAyo devaloka ko paas|| 36 // vinayasena ko dikSita gaam| nadI taTa mai agha ko dhaam| nAma kumArasena sNnyaas| bhaMjana karita hi mAnai traas| 37 // morapichikA jAnai jhii| caramaghoSaNA ghosai shii| saba hI bAgaDa" deza mjhaar| unamAraga kalpyo aghdvaar|| 38 // vanitA phiri dikSA kU ghai| kSullaka vIra caryA kuM vhai|

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1-56/1--2 101 saraha gAya ko rAkheM cauNr| chaTho guNaThANauM hai aur|| 39 // Agama zAstra purANadi kaa| prAyazcita anyathA tikaa| te saba racikai mUDhani maahi| phailAyo mithyAta athaah|| 40 / / zravaNa" saMgha taiM vAhari soy| nAgakumAra sena avloy| samaya mithyAtI rudra subhaav| kASTa saMgha thApyo agha bhaav|| 41 // varaSa sAta sai trepana ge|-------------------- / naMdI taTa vara gAma mNjhaar| kASTa saMgha jANoM aghkaar|| 42 // naMdI taTa vara gAma mNjhaar| nAmakumAra sena shrutdhaar| darzanabhraSTa bhayo sNnyaas| bhaMjana karikai agha ko vaas|| 43 / / kASThA saMgha - nava sata trepana varSa ju ge| mathurA nagarI meM vrnne| rAmasena nAmA ika jtii| saMgha nipiccha racyo aghamatI / / 44 // jo samyaktvaprakati mithyaat| so tAteM thApyo iha bhaaNti| yaha jinabiMba jinezvara geh| mero hai tero nahiM eh|| 45 // yaha hI hai guru mero shii| jA DhiMga maiMne dIkSA gahI apanA guru kula kau abhimaan| dharai karai para ko apmaan|| 46 // nipiccha saMgha - sImaMdhara jina taiM zuci jnyaan| lahikai padmanandi gunnvaan| jo nAhI saMbodhana krai| to muni sumaga kisaiM anusrai|| 47 // bhUtabalI muni puSpa ju dNt| dakSiNa uttara meM nirbhrNt| jo upadeza tattva ko kiyo| so satyAratha anukrama liyo|| 48 // puSkalapura dakSiNa disi lsai| vIracaMda muni tailai bse| barasa aThArA sai koM gye| bhilla saMgha thApai go nye|| 49 // so kari kai nija gacha vithaar| paDikoNoM kiriyA adhikaar| bhinna prarUpi haNe gopNth| jinavara ko dhAre go grNth|| 50 // tA pIche mithyAmata bhev| nA baigo bhAkhI gnndev|

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102 anekAnta-56/1-2 kAla paMcamA ke avsaan| mithyAmata vinazai saba thaan|| 51 // vIrAMgada nAmA muni ekA mUla guNI hai go suvivek| alpazrutI hU karai sNbodh| vIranAtha samamata avirodh|| 52 // pUrava AcArija kRta grNth| lakhi kaiM devasena zubha pNth| keI gAthA kari ika thaani| dhArA nagarI meM gunnkhaani|| 53 // saMvat nau saiM nivvai maani| mAgha zukla dazamI tithijaaNni| bhavijIvani kai hAra smaan| darzanasAra racyozubha khaani|| 54 // pArasa jina ke geha mNjhaar| rUSo taSo jana avicaar| satyakathana taiM sAr3I jthaa| jU kA bhaya teM tajiya na tthaa| vIsa adhika ugaNIsai saal| zrAvaNa prathama cauthi zanivAra kRSNa pakSa maiM drshnsaar| bhASA nathamala likhI sudhaar|| saMdarbha 1 bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSI aura vaimAnika - ye caturnikAya ke deva hai| 2. paira, crnn| 3 puurvaacaary| 4 bhrtkssetrvrtii| 5 prdhaan| 6. pArzvanAtha ke tIrthakAla me| 7. mchlii| 8 jisane. 9. lAla, 10 mAsa. 11. karma, 12 zvetAmbara, 13. strI, 14. vastradhAraNa, 15 pApa, 16 sacita kiyA, 17 mahAvIra svAmI, 18 bhikSu, 19. mArga. 20. khAdya padArtha, 21. ATA, 22 vyApArI, 23. pApa, 24 snAna, 25. choDI, 26 hariyANA, 27 zramaNa, 28. pApabuddhi, 29 pArzvanAtha ke mandira me. 30 sAvadhAnI se| noTa - darzanamAra gratha AcArya devasena kI mUla racanA nahI hai, jaisA ki lekhaka ne likhaa| apitu yaha sagraha gratha hai jisakA ullekha svaya devasena AcArya ne darzanasAra me kiyA hai tathA hi puvAyariyakayAI gAhAI saMciUNa eytth| siridevaseNagaNiNa dhArAe svsNtenn|| - darzanasAra 49 -sampAdaka

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adhyAtma evaM cikitsA - vijJAna kI jugalabaMdI - prAcArya nihAlacaMda jaina adhyAtma, prArthanA, dhyAna aura sAmAyika kA rogI ke Upara kyA prabhAva par3atA hai, isa para pazcimI jagata vizeSakara iglaiMDa meM bahuta anusaMdhAna aura vivecanAe~ cala rahIM hai| bhArata jisa AdhyAtmika AsthA se hajAro varSo se jur3A hai Aja vizva kA dhyAna una rahasyo kI ora jAnA zurU ho gayA hai| briTena meM isa samaya eka bAta para vizeSa bahasa cala rahI hai bhArata meM pracalita adhyAtma, AsthA aura prArthanA jaise bhAva - 1 ba- vijJAna se rogI ke svastha hone kI raphtAra bar3ha jAtI hai isa para briTena meM bhI saphala parIkSaNa / prayoga hue hai, Akhira isake pIche rahasya kyA hai? DaoN. lArI Dose ne apane eka sasmaraNa me likhA ki unhone prArthanA kI eka ajIva cikitsA paddhati kA anubhava kiyaa| unhone apane prazikSaNa samaya kA jIvanta vRtAnta likhA, jaba ve TeksAsa ke pAIlaiNDa memoriyala aspatAla me the / unhone eka kaisara marIja ko aMtima avasthA meM dekhA aura usako yahI salAha dI ki vaha upacAra se virAma le le, kyoMki upalabdha cikitsA se use koI lAbha nahI ho rahA thaa| usake vistara para baiThA huA koI na koI mitra, usake svAsthya lAbha ke lie prArthanA kiyA karatA thaa| eka varSa ke pazcAt jabaki DaoN. lArI vaha aspatAla chor3a cuke the, eka patra milA ki kyA Apa apane purAne marIz2a se milanA caahegeN| 1980 meM jaba DaoN. lArI mukhya kAryakArI adhikArI banA, unhone yaha niSkarSa diyA ki prArthanA se vibhinna prakAra ke mahattvapUrNa zArIrika parivartana ghaTita hote haiN| zarIra meM hone vAlI 'vyAdhi' kA mukhya kAraNa hamArI mAnasika soca hai, jo 'Adhi' ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| hamArI soca hI manovikAro/manorogoM kA

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104 anekAnta-56/1-2 kAraNa banatI hai| prArthanA mana kI bImArI kA sahI ilAja hai| vyakti jaba 50 kI umra pAra kara jAtA hai to usa para mAnasika tanAva kA prabhAva jaldI hone lagatA hai| cir3acir3Apana usake tanAva kI hI abhivyakti hai| prAyaH DAyabaTIja bar3hane, bhUkha kama lagane, kamara-darda, AMkhoM kI jyoti maMda par3ane aura raktacApa prabhAvita hone Adi mAnasika tanAva ke kAraNa hai| vastutaH prArthanA me hama usa lokontara vyaktitva se jur3ate haiM, jisakI bhAva-racanA ko hamane apanI prArthanA kA AdhAra banAyA hai| bhaktAmara stotra (mUla saMskRta) kA uccAraNa karate hue. kyA hama vaisI hI dhvani-tarago kA niSpAdana aura nirgamana nahIM karane lagate, jo AcArya mAnatuMga ne sRjita kI hogii| usa kSaNoM meM hama AcArya mAnatuga se tAdAtmya sthApita kara lete hai| prArthanA - kevala vAcanika na rahe, use yadi bhAvoM se jor3akara kI jAve to asara bahuta tIvratA se hotA hai| bure vicAroM ke lie, prArthanA eka Reflector kA kAma karatI hai, jo hamAre bhItara AkramaNa kareM isake pahale hI pratyAvartita ho jAte hai| prArthanA bhAvAtmaka parivartana meM bar3I sahAyaka hotI hai| ghaTanA 1999 kI hai| kaisara vizeSajJa DaoN. rAbarTa grAimara, barmighama rAyala ArthopeDika aspatAla ke adhikArI the| unakI najara eka aise marIja para par3I jo haDDiyo ke kaiMsara se, jIvana-mRtyu ke bIca saMgharSa kara rahA thaa| usakA TayUmara, oNparezana ke dvArA nikAla diyA gayA thA, lekina jaba dUsarA TayUmara aura paidA ho gayA, to marIja "mairI selpha" ne mauta ko hI mitra mAna liyaa| vaha peze se sAikiyATrisTa thii| usane davA kI cintA chor3akara Izvara kI prArthanA aura usake prati aTUTa AsthA se jur3a gyii| samaya bItatA gayA aura kucha adbhuta pariNAma hAsila hue| skaina riporTa meM usakA TayUmara ghaTatA huA najara aayaa| jaba isa Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA ke saMbadha meM DaoN. grAimara ne mairI se puuchaa| usane bar3e Atma vizvAsa se bharakara kahA-"hA~ DaoN.! meDikala ilAja se pare bhI kucha aura hai, acchA hone meM, maiM usI ko zreya detI huuN|"

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anekAnta-56/1-2 105 DaoNkTara grAimara ne ha~sate hue kahA-"maiM ise kharIda lenA caahuuNgaa"| nahI DaoNkTara! Apa Izvara ke prati AsthA paidA kara sakate hai, parantu ise karor3o DaoNlara meM bhI nahIM kharIda skte| vastutaH yaha vastu nahIM hai, jo kharIdI jA sakatI hai| briTena ke DaoNkTaro kA dhyAna isa dUsarI zakti kI ora jAne lagA jise dhyAna (adhyAtma kI zakti) yA prArthanA kI amodha zakti kaha sakate hai aura cikitsA vijJAna, isa adhyAtma vijJAna se paraspara jur3A huA dekhA jAne lagA eDinavarA yUnivarsiTI ke meDikala skUla ke DaoNkTara mare apane sAtha marIja kI eksa-re-riporTa aura penisilana ke sAtha yaha bhI jAnakArI rakhate haiM ki kyA marIja kabhI prArthanA bhI karatA hai? prAyaH marIja ke mana meM jo, parezaniyAM usakI bImArI para hAvI hai, unhe bAhara nikAlane ke lie DaoNkTara prayoga kare, to ilAja kA prabhAva jAdU kI bhAMti hotA hai| vaha jAdU hai-AdhyAtmika ilaaj| pro. sTIva rAiTa ke anusAra pahale DaoNkTara ko adhyAtma kI jarUrata hai, jisase vaha marIja ko prabhAvita kara sakatA hai| vaha kevala AdhyAtmika zakti hai| eDinavarA yUnivarsiTI ke cikitsA-chAtroM ne pAThayakrama nirdhArakoM se mAMga kI ki ve cikitsA-pAThayakrama ke sAtha adhyAtma kI kakSAe~ lgaayeN| cikitsA pAThayakrama ke sAtha-dhyAna aura yoga kA prazikSaNa diyA jAnA caahie| dhyAna evaM yoga meM zArIrika sthiratA ke sAtha mana ke ekAgra hone kI eka vaijJAnika pravidhi hai| dhyAna meM kisI mantra yA mantra ke bIjAkSara kA vizuddha cintana hai, jisase Atmika zakti aura dRr3ha saMkalpa-zakti bar3hatI hai, jo krodha/IrSyA/ahaMkAra/AvezAtmaka udvego Adi vikAroM para niyantraNa prApta kara vyakti ko sahiSNu aura mAnasika tanAva rahita kara zAnta aura svAbhAvika rUpa se jIne meM sahAyatA karatA hai|

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106 anekAnta-56/1-2 hamArA citta-hamezA bAhara daur3atA rahatA hai| jIvana-UrjA kA 80% yo hI akAraNa bAhara bahakara naSTa ho jAtA hai ise saMghAritra karane kI kSamatA hama apane andara nahI kara pAte haiN| kevala dhyAna aura yoga se isa jIvana UrjA yA cinmaya (caitanya-zakti) ko apane bhItara roka sakate haiN| jaise uttala lensa (Convex Lens) se phokasa kI gaI prakAza-kiraNeM eka bindu para kendrita hokara UrjA kA ghanatva bar3hA detI hai aura usase Aga utpanna ho jAtI hai, aise hI dhyAna se jIvana UrjA kA upayoga, vicAro ke zuddhIkaraNa aura vikAroM ke parizodhana ke lie kara sakate hai| dhyAna hamArI bAhya kAyika/vAcanika/sUkSma mAnasika bhAva vRttiyo kA sakuMcana hai| jitanI jitanI bAhya pravRttiyoM kA sakuMcana yA nirasana hogA, AtmA kI zakti kA utanA hI vikAza hotA jAtA hai| dhyAna - jainadarzana kI AtmA hai| yaha caritra-zuddhi kA atima par3Ava hai| hama roja roja maMdira kyoM jAte haiM? vastutaH pratimA kI dhyAnastha vItarAgI chavi ke darzana se hameM apanI maulikatA meM lauTane kA roja saMdeza milatA hai| dhyAna eka aisA bhAva rasAyana hai, jo jIvana kI asat hiMsAtmaka/khoTI eva varjanIya kASAyika pravRttiyoM ko dUra karane kA eka abhinava prayoga hai| dhyAna aura yoga ke binA jIvana-parivartana saMbhava nahIM hai| roga ke nidAna meM dhyAna aura yoga adbhuta kSamatA rakhate haiN| nArtha vairolinA kI eka yUnivarsiTI ke DaoNkTaroM ne pAyA ki jo loga maMdira, upAsanA gRha yA kisI prArthanA/dhyAna sthala para niyamita jAkara vahA~ dhyAna karate haiM, ve ina sthAnoM para na jAne vAloM kI apekSA kama bImAra par3ate haiN| adhyayanoM se eka bAta aura siddha huI hai ki jo loga saptAha meM eka se adhika bAra dharmasthaloM/tIrtha sthAnoM para jAkara dharmasevA karate haiM, ve anya logo kI apekSA sAta varSa adhika jIte haiN|

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anekAnta-56/1-2 107 briTena meM 21 adhyayanoM se eka tathya aura sAmane AyA hai ki jo loga prArthanA meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM aura pratidina prArthanA karate haiM, ve jyAdA prasanna jIvana vyatIta karate hai| unheM mAnasika tanAva kama rahatA hai aura zAMti kA anubhava karate hai| briTena ke DaoN. gila vhAiTa kA kahanA hai ki 44 'adhyAtma ke jariye cikitsA dete samaya mai usa samaya taka pratIkSA karatI hU~, jaba taka mere zarIra me eka karaNTa sA mahasUsa nahI hone lgtaa| phira mere hAtha marIja ke sira va zarIra ke Upara ghUmate hai aura rogI ko mere mana va zarIra se TyUniMga ho jAtI hai, jisase hamAre va marIz2a ke bIca UrjA kA sacaraNa hotA hai / raoNyala sosAiTI Apha meDisIna ke janarala meM prakAzita eka zodhAlekha meM DaoN. Diksana ke anusAra - pahale vaha svayaM adhyAtma ke jariye UrjA saMcita karatA hai, jo use brahmANDIya UrjA se prApta hotI hai. phira marIja ke zarIra va mana ko pradAna karatA hai| adhyAtma ke kSetra meM 'vizvAsa' eka zaktizAlI cIja hai| yadi DaoNkTara marIja ko yaha vizvAsa dilA pAne meM saphala hai ki apane ArAdhya ke prati pUrNa vizvAsa rakhe, to jaldI svastha ho jAoge to usa DaoNkTara kI davA jyAdA asarakara sAbita hogii| amerikA ke 125 me se 50 meDikala kaoNlejoM meM isa samaya adhyAtma viSaya ko pAThayakrama ke rUpa me svIkAra kara par3hAyA jA rahA hai| DaoNkTara brAnale eMDarasana kA kahanA hai ki jaba taba DaoNkTara svayaM ko adhyAtma kI UrjA se cArja nahIM karegA, taba taka vaha marIja ko isa UrjA se cArja kaise kara skegaa| Aja pazcimI jagata meM meDikala ilAja ke sAtha AdhyAtmika ilAja ko samagra ilAja kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| aura vaha marIja kA hita karane meM rAta-1 - dina juTA huA hai| bhArata kI isa virAsata ko, jisakA alikhita peTeMTa abhI taka bhArata ke nAma hI hai, bhArata meM kyo upekSA kI dRSTi se dekhA jA rahA hai? AvazyakatA

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108 hai ki adhyAtma ko cikitsA vijJAna ke sAtha jor3akara mAnavIya sevA ke isa ujjavala pakSa ko dharma se jor3akara dekhA jaae| Alekha kA samApana apane nijI saMsmaraNAtmaka ghaTanA se karanA cAhU~gA jo adhyAtma aura cikitsA kI jugalabaMdI ko puSTa karatA hai ! anekAnta-56/1-2 20 pharavarI 02 meM, merI beTI kA Engagement ho gyaa| jayapura meM vara - pakSa, kA sujhAva AyA ki mArca 02 me hI zAdI sampanna ho jAe kyoki lar3ake kI mAM, jo stana kaiMsara ke Aparezana ke bAda sIriyasa thI, zAyada isa khuzI ke kSaNoM ko na dekha skeN| - maiMne lar3ake kI mA~ ko zAdI hone ke pUrva hI eka lambA vizvAsapUrNa patra likhA ki Izvara meM vizvAsa rakheM aura bheje jA rahe mantra kA jApa kare / Apako 'Atma-vizvAsa' kI davA kA sevana karanA hai| mantra kI acUka zakti kA prayoga kreN| sAmAyika meM jo bhI hindI/saMskRta stotra yAda hoM unhe pratidina karanA zurU kreN| mahAvIra jayantI 2002 ko zAdI sampanna huI aura Aja eka varSa ke pazcAt apane beTe-bahU ke sAtha jIvana ke avazeSa Ayu karmo ke niSekoM ke sAtha va zAnti / sukha se jIvana jI rahI haiN| adhyAtma kI zAkti jIvana me eka aparimeya zAti kI sudhA kA jo rasAsvAdana karAtI hai, vaha amUlya virAsata hai| jarUrata hai eka pakke vizvAsa aura AsthA ko apane bhItara saMjokara rakhane kii| -- javAhara vArDa bInA (ma. pra. ) (07580)-224044 phona - -

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pA~ca dazaka pUrva AcArya sUrasAgarajI kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna tyAgI - vratI sammelana : nirNayoM kI sArthakatA (merI jIvanagAthA bhAga-2 se uddhRta ) saMgrahakartA - DaoN. rAjendrakumAra baMsala pUjya gaNezaprasAdajI varNI bIsavI zatAbdi ke jaina jagat ke mahatvapUrNa hastAkSara hai| unake bahumukhI prabhAva sAhitya sAdhanA, niSpRhI jIvana, samAja sudhAra eva jaina zikSA ke pracAra-prasAra se jaina jagat hI nahI apitu rASTra bhI gauravAnvita huA hai| ajaina kulotpanna 'gaNeza' jaina darzana ke samayasAra svarUpa zuddhAtmA kA sAdhaka banakara sabhI kA mArgadarzaka bana gyaa| Apane jaina samAja kI zrAvaka/tyAgI sasthAoM ke sudhAra aura unnati me mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| jaina sAhitya me 'merI jIvana gAthA' varNIjI kA mahatvapUrNa avadAna hai| yaha unake kAryakalApoM eva anubhavo ke sAtha hI jaina samAja kI ghaTanAo kA prAmANika dizAbodhaka dastAveja hai| merI jIvanagAthA - bhAga 2 ke anusAra Aja se lagabhaga 50 varSa pUrva saMvat 2007 (I. san 1950 ) meM seTha chadAmIlAlajI ne phirojAbAda me vizAla mahotsava Ayojita kiyA thaa| isameM AcArya sUrasAgarajI mahArAja, varNIjI, anya aneka tyAgI - vratI, zrImata seTha, vidvAna, samAja sudhAraka, rAjanItijJa Adi sammilita hue the| isakA udghATana u. pra. ke mukhyamaMtrI pa. govinda ballabha pata ne kiyA thaa| isa utsava meM anya kAryakramo ke alAvA mAgha zuklA 11 sa. 2007 ko AcArya zrI sUrasAgarajI mahArAja kI adhyakSatA me vizAla varNIjI eva anya * tyAgI - vratI sammelana huA jisame saghastha sAdhu- vratI tyAgiyoM ne bhAga liyA, jinakI makhyA 70-75 thii| isame tyAgiyoM se

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110 anekAnta-56/1-2 sambandhita aneka vivAda grasta viSayo para gahana carcA kI gaI aura Agama tathA ArSa paramparA ke Aloka me sammelana meM nimna niSkarSa grahaNa kie ge| cAra dazaka pUrva jo pravRttiyA bIja rUpa meM dikhAI detI thI ve aba vaTa vRkSa ke rUpa meM dikhAI dene lagI hai| ata: samaya ke niSkarSa Aja bhI samIcIna, dizAbodhaka eva upAdeya haiN| ve niSkarSa sarva jAnakArI hetu nIce uddhRta kiye hai| vizvAsa hai sabhI mahAnubhAva ukta sammelana meM lie gae nirNayo ke prakAza me apanI caryA AgamAnusAra kara pada kI garimA banAye rakhakara zramaNa saskRti ko surakSita rakhege aura brahmacArI bhaiyA/dIdI samAja ke Azrita nahI bnege| 1. jainadharma ke zraddhAlu trivarNa vAle vyakti dvArA jainadharma kI prakriyA se AhAra banAne para vratI use grahaNa kara sakatA hai| 2. navadhAbhakti kA pAtra muni hai kSullaka nhiiN| kSullaka ko par3agAha kara pAda prakSAlana kara triyoga aura anna jala zuddhi prakaTa kara AhAra denA caahie| jainAgama anekAnta dRSTi se padArtha kA nirUpaNa karatA hai ata: kAryasiddhi ke lie nimitta aura upAdAna dono Avazyaka hai....dono kI anukUlatA se kArya kI siddhi hotI haiM kathana kahI-kahIM nimitta yA upAdAna pradhAna ho sakate haiM parantu sarvathA upekSA na ho| jainAgama meM vrata na lenA aparAdha nahIM hai kintu vrata lekara usame doSa lagAnA yA bhaga karanA aparAdha hai| ataH caraNAnuyoga ke anusAra pravRtti ho| pUrvApara vicAra kara hI vrata grahaNa kareM aura unakA prayatna pUrvaka pAlana kreN| sAtavIM brahmacarya pratimA taka nyAyapUrNa vyApAra karane kI chUTa hai phira kyo pahalI dUsarI pratimAdhArI tyAgI vyApArAdika chor3a bhojana vastrAdi ke lie paramukhApekSI bana jAte haiN|... yathArtha meM gRha tyAga bhojana 10vIM 11vI pratimA se zurU hotA hai| ataH choTI moTI pratimA lekara ghara chor3anA anucita hai| 6. tyAgiyoM ko kisI saMsthAvAda meM nahIM par3anA caahie| yaha kArya gRhastho

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anekAnta- 56/1-2 7. 8. 9. 111 kA hai tyAgI ko isa dala-dala se dUra karanA caahie| lokeSaNA kI cAha sasthAvAda me phasAne vAlA tatva hai| tyAgI Atma pariNAmoM para dRSTi rakhate hue jitanA upadeza bana sake utanA tyAgI de adhika kI vyagratA na kre| tyAgI ko jJAna kA abhyAsa acchA karanA caahie| kitane hI tyAgI aise hai jo samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa nahI jAnate, ATha mUlaguNoM ke nAma nahI ginA pAte / ... tyAgI ko kramapUrvaka adhyayana karane kA abhyAsa karanA caahie|... Agama jJAna ke binA loka me pratiSThA nahI aura pratiSThA kI cAha ghaTI nahI isalie tyAgI UTa paTAMga kriyAye batAkara bholI-bhAlI janatA me apanI pratiSThA banAye rakhanA cAhate hai, para ise dharma kA rUpa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai| jJAna kA abhyAsa jise hai vaha sadA apane pariNAmo ko tolakara hI vrata dhAraNa karatA hai| samAja me tyAgiyo kI kamI nahI parantu jinheM Agama kA abhyAsa hai aise tyAgI kitane haiM? ataH muni ho yA zrAvaka sabako Agama kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| vratiyoM / zrAvakoM kA svachanda vicaraNa ThIka nhiiN| dIkSAgurU kI AjJA se dharmapracAra hetu dakSa muni ekala vihArI ho sakatA hai| ekala vihAra Agama viruddha pravRtti hotI hai jo zithilAcAra kI poSaka hai| guru ke sAtha athavA anya sAthiyo ke sAtha vihAra karane meM isa bAta kI lajjA yA bhaya kA astitva rahatA thA ki yadi hamArI pravRti Agama ke viruddha hogI to loga hame burA kaheMge, guru prAyazcita deMge para ekalavihArI hone para kisakA bhaya rahA? janatA bholI hai isalie kucha kahatI nahI, yadi kahatI hai to use dharma nindaka Adi kahakara cupa kara diyA jAtA hai| isa taraha dhIre-dhIre zithilAcAra phailatA jA rahA hai| kisI muni ko dakSiNa yA uttara kA vikalpa satA rahA hai to kisI ko bIsapatha aura terahapaMtha kA / kisI ko dassA bahiSkAra kI dhuna hai to koI zUdra jala tyAga ke pIche par3A hai| koI strI prakSAla ke pakSa meM masta hai to koI janeU paharAne aura kaTi meM dhAgA badhavAne meM vyagra hai| koI

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112 anekAnta-56/1-2 granthamAlAoM ke saMcAlaka bane hue haiM to koI grantha chapavAne kI cintA meM gRhastho ke ghara-ghara se caMdA mAMgate phirate haiN| kinhI ke sAtha moTare calatI hai to kinhIM ke sAtha gRhastha jaina, kImatI caTAIyA aura Asana pATe tathA choladAriyA~ calatI haiN| tyAgI brahmacArI loga apane lie Azraya yA unakI sevA meM lIna rahate hai| 'bahatI gaMgA meM hAtha dhone se kyo cUke' isa bhAvanA se kitane hI vidvAna unake anuyAyI bana A~kha mIca cupa baiTha jAte haiM yA hA~ meM hA~ milAkara gurUbhakti kA pramANa patra prApta karane me salagna rahate haiN| ye apane pariNAmoM ko nahI dekhte| cAritra aura kaSAya kA sambandha prakAza aura aMdhakAra jaisA hai| jahA~ cAritra hai vahA~ kaSAya nahIM aura jahA~ kaSAya hai vahA~ cAritra nhiiN| para tulanA karane para bAje-bAje vratiyoM kI kaSAya to gRhasthoM se kahI adhika nikalatI hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa uddezya se cAritra grahaNa kiyA hai usa ora dRSTipAta kara apanI pravRtti ko nirmala bnaao|| 10. mahArAjazrI ke anusAra kSullaka vAhana kA upayoga na kre| rupayo kA tyAgI abhyAsI vAhana para kaise baiTha sakatA hai? apanI kaSAya kI maMdatA yA tIvratA dekhakara hI kArya karanA caahie| sandarbha - merI jIvana gAthA-bhAga 2 pRSTha 230-235 eva jIvana yAtrA pRSTha-165 se sagrahIta

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sukha aura zAnti kA mUla : zAkAhAra -DaoN. suSamA manuSya hI nahIM samasta prANI nirantara sukha (Ananda) kI kAmanA karate hai| sukha yA Ananda tRptidAyI eka manobhAva hai, jo mAnasika kSobha ke abhAva me hI utpanna hotA hai| mana jitanA hI zAnta aura nistarar3a hotA hai, utanA hI usame Ananda kA srota umar3atA hai| isake viparIta usame jitanA hI kSobha hotA hai, utanI hI pIr3A kA tUphAna apanI untAla tarar3oM ke sAtha usame aMgar3AI lene lagatA hai| mana meM kSobha kA kAraNa lobha, moha aura kodha hotA hai aura isake viparIta maitrI kI bhAvanA, karuNA aura muditA vRttiyA mana kA prasAdana karatI hai|' jIvahisA maitrI Adi bhAvo ke rahate ho hI nahI sakatI, isalie yaha sunizcita hai ki jIvahisA karane vAle ke hRdaya me maitrI (prema) Adi bhAvo kA sarvathA abhAva hogA aura isI kAraNa usake citta meM prasAda (zAnti) kA bhI abhAva hogA arthAt usameM kSobha hogA, jo nizcaya hI pIr3A tathA duHkha kA kAraNa hogaa| isalie yaha vizvAsapUrvaka kahA jAnA cAhie ki jIvahiMsA kI bhAvanA apane udbhavakAla se hI duHkha aura pIr3A kI mRla hai tathA jIva-dayA sukha eva zAnti kA janaka hai| Ajakala ke kucha pAzcAtya cikitsAzAstrI zarIra ke poSaNa ke lie Avazyaka tattvo me proTIna kI mAtrA mAMsa, machalI aura aNDo me sarvAdhika hai, aisA kahakara mAMsAhAra ko Avazyaka athavA lAbhakArI siddha karane kA dAvA karate haiM tathA 'mAsAtmAsa pravardhate' arthAt mAsAhAra se mAsa kI vRddhi hotI hai, yaha kahate hue apane kathana kA samarthana karane kA prayatna karate hai| unake lie prathamataH to mai yaha kahanA cAhUMgI ki zarIra meM rasa, rakta kI jitanI AvazyakatA hai, utanI mAsa kI AvazyakatA nahI hai| ve loga jo meda aura mAsa ke bar3ha jAne se bahuta moTe aura golamaTola dikhAI par3ate hai. uname

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114 anekAnta - 56/1-2 adhikAMza yuvAvasthA kI pUrNatA para pahucate-pahuMcate raktAlpatA, madhumeha aura hRdaya ke rogoM se pIr3ita hokara apanA sukha-caina kho baiThate haiN| ataH mAMsavRddhi ke lie mAMsa ko AhAra banAnA sukha kA nahIM, duHkha kA kAraNa banatA hai| jahAM taka manuSya ke lie Avazyaka proTIna, vasA Adi ko prApta karane kA prazna hai, vaha use kaccI yA bhunI mUmaphalI, dAleM, phala, tAjA sabjiyA, gehU, jau, kumhaDA (sItAphala) Adi khAne se hI prApta ho jAtI hai| kucha sabjiyo meM proTIna ke sAtha sTArca kA bhaMDAra hai, jo zarIra meM kArbohAiDreTa kI kamI pUrI karatA hai| pattA gobhI meM paryApta mAtrA meM proTIna hai, sema, phreMcabIna, soyabIna to proTIna aura vasA donoM ke bhaDAra haiN| inake atirikta tAjI sabjiyoM aura phalo se zarIra ko anekAneka khanijo kI bhI prApti hotI rahatI hai, jo usake lie Avazyaka hai| ina vanaspatiyo kI apekSA mAsa meM proTIna adhika hai, ise svIkAra karane para bhI mAsAhAra kI upayogitA nahI bana paatii| anya khanijoM ke Avazyaka anupAta kI upekSA karake proTIna adhika lene se zarIra kailziyama ko grahaNa nahIM kara paataa| phalata: AsTovorosisa nAmaka roga ho jAtA hai| Aja mAsAhAra sampanna samAja kI eka cauthAI mahilAe isa roga se pIr3ita hai| chAtI aura peTa ke kaiMsara se hone vAlI mautoM kI tulanA meM kahIM adhika maute isa roga se hotI haiN| auSadhi ke rUpa meM Upara se liyA jAne vAlA kailziyama bhI zarIra me zoSita nahIM hotaa| phalata: snAyu saMketo ke prasAra, mAsapeziyo aura hRdaya ke saMkoca - vikAsa kI kriyAoM ke lie Avazyaka kailziyama haDDiyoM se khiMcatA rahatA hai| pariNAmata: pacAsa varSa kI Ayu pAra karate-karate pajara kI haDDiyA pacAsa pratizata taka ghisa jAtI haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki mAsAhAra se prApta hone vAlI proTIna kI adhikatA se zarIra meM kailziyama kA kSaraNa bahuta adhika hotA hai| isakI tulanA meM zAkAhAriyoM meM haDDiyoM se kailziyama kA kSaraNa Adhe se bhI kama hotA hai| isa sandarbha meM smaraNIya hai ki mAnavazarIra kailziyama ko taba taka grahaNa nahIM kara pAtA, jaba taka AhAra meM phAsaphorasa na ho| mAsa, machalI Adi me

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anekAnta-56/1-2 phAsaphorasa kI mAtrA bahuta kama hotI hai, jabaki sabjiyoM meM kailziyama aura phAsaphorasa donoM khanija pracura mAtrA meM rahate haiN| udAharaNa ke lie salAda kI pattiyoM meM kisI bhI mAMsa kI tulanA meM sattara gunA se adhika kailziyama aura phAsaphorasa rahatA hai| isake atirikta mAnavazarIra meM pAcana saMsthAna se sambandhita aMgoM kI saMracanA aisI hai ki mAsAhAra usake lie svAsthyaprada na hokara svAsthya ko naSTa karane vAlA. ataeva pIr3AdAyI hI hogaa| udAharaNArtha 1. 115 3. 2. mAMsAhArI jIvo ke dAMta nukIle hote hai, jisase ve mAMsa ko khaNDa-khaNDa karake cUrNa karate hue khA sakate hai| manuSya kI dAr3he capaTI hotI hai, ve mAsa ko cabAkara mahIna arthAt pAcana- yogya nahI banA sktii| isalie manuSya ke lie mAMsa kabhI ucita arthAt svAsthyaprada AhAra nahIM ho sktaa| 4. manuSya ke gurde aura yakRta (jigara) mAMsAhArI jIvoM ke gurde aura yakRta ke anupAta me choTe hote hai, isalie vyartha mAsa ko bAhara nahIM nikAla paate| phalataH manuSya ke lie mAsAhAra upayukta nahIM hai| mAsa ko pacAne ke lie pAcana - masthAna me hAiDroklorika esiDa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| mAMsAhArI jIvo ke pAcaka aMgoM meM vaha apekSita mAtrA me arthAt manuSya ke pAcana saMsthAna kI apekSA dasa gunA adhika hotI hai| manuSya ke pAcana saMsthAna meM mAsAhArI jIvoM kI tulanA meM kevala dazAza arthAt 1/10 bhAga hAiDroklorika esiDa hone se mAsa kA samucita pAcana nahI ho sakatA, isalie mAsAhAra manuSya ko kabhI apekSita svAsthya nahIM de sakatA, phalataH vaha roga kA kAraNa hI hogaa| mAsAhArI prANiyoM kI Ato kI lambAI kama hotI hai, jisase mAsa ko sar3ane aura viSAkta hone se pahale hI use zarIra se bAhara pheMka detI hai| manuSya kI AMto kI lambAI zarIra kI lambAI se karIba caugunI hotI hai, jisase ve mAMsa ko jaldI bAhara nahIM pheMka sktiiN| phalataH Ahara ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA mAMsa zarIra meM cirakAla taka par3A rahakara sar3atA

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116 5. anekAnta-56/1-2 rahatA hai, jisase anekAneka roga, jiname hRdayaroga mukhya hai, utpanna hokara pIr3A ke kAraNa banate haiN| AhAra ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA mAsa itane adhika viSa aura tejAba utpanna karatA hai ki usase mAnava zarIra kI sacAlana kriyA hI bigaDa jAtI hai, isIlie koI bhI manuSya kevala mAsAhara para Der3ha do saptAha se adhika jIvita nahIM raha sktaa| isake viparIta zAkAhAra, jisame anna, dUdha, phala aura sabjiyAM sammilita hai, para manuSya sampUrNa jIvana svastha aura sAnanda rahatA hai| phalata: niSkarSa ke rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAsAhAra ke pakSa me pAzcAtya - cikitsAzAstriyoM ke tarka pUrNataH bhrAnta dhAraNA para AdhArita hai| mAsAhAra kisI bhI artha me kalyANakArI na hokara avirAma pIr3A kA kAraNa hotA hai| yataH prANiyo kI hisA kiye binA mAsa kI prApti nahI hotI tathA prANiyAM kI hisA apane mUla meM hI mAnasika kSobha utpanna karane vAlI hone ke kAraNa sukhamayI nahI hai, ataH manuSya ko mAsAhAra kA pUrNatayA tyAga karanA caahie|' jo vyakti AhAra sambandhI niyamoM kA, vidhividhAna kA pAlana karatA hai, pizAco kI bhAti mAsabhakSaNa nahIM karatA. vaha kabhI roga grasata nahIM hotA, itanA hI nahIM, vaha sabhI prANiyoM kA priya ho jAtA hai| 2 manu kA kathana hai ki jo vyakti dUsare prANiyoM ke mAsa se apanA mAsa bar3hAnA cAhatA hai, usase bar3hakara koI pApI nahIM hai| prativarSa azvamegha karake sau yajJo dvArA zatakratu (indra) pada prApta karane kA jo phala hai, kabhI bhI mAMsa bhakSaNa na karane se prApta puNya usake samAna hI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jisa prakAra sadA yajJa karane vAle vyakti ko, pratidina dAna karane vAle vyakti ko tapasvI kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra kabhI mAMsAhAra na karane vAle ko bhI uccakoTi kA tapasvI mAnA jAtA hai| itanA hI nahI, una (manu) kA mAnanA hai ki mAsAhAra kaM parihAra se jo apAra puNyaphala prApta hotA hai, vaha puNyaphala kevala madhya phala kanda-mUla athavA muni anna kA sevana karane se bhI prApta

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anekAnta-56/1-2 4 nahIM hotA / + 117 vaha mAMsa zabda bhI 'mAm sa:' khaNDa (avayava) ke dvArA mAno sUcita karatA hai ki Aja maiM jisake mAMsa ko khA rahA hU~, bhaviSya meM vaha bhI mujhe khaavegaa| ' manu kA mAnanA hai ki jo AhAra ke lie mAsa kA apaharaNa karatA hai, agale janma meM giddha kI yoni prApta karatA hai" aura jo hiMsA karatA hai, caha kravyAda arthAt rAkSasa athavA kaccA mAsa khAne vAle bher3iyA Adi kI yoni meM janma letA hai|' jo vyakti mAMsAhAra ke lie siha Adi hisaka jantuoM kA zikAra nahIM karate. parantu apane sukha kI kAmanA se bher3a, bakarA, suara. gau aura mRga Adi ahiMsaka prANiyoM kI bali car3hAne ke rUpa me himA karate hai, ve bhI kabhI sukhI nahIM hote| isake viparIta jo vyakti prANiyo kA vadha kabhI nahIM karanA cAhate aura na kabhI unhe bandhana meM DAlane kA vicAra karate haiM, vaM saba ke priya hokara nirantara sukha hI sukha prApta karate hai|' itanA hI nahI. mana meM bhI hiMsA kI bhAvanA na lAne vAlA vyakti jo kucha bhI socatA hai, jo kucha bhI karatA hai yA karanA cAhatA hai athavA nizcaya karatA hai, saMkalpa karatA hai, use vaha avilamba prApta kara letA hai| ' 8 yadi mAMsAhAra hisA ke kAraNa hI doSapUrNa hai, to yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki yadi mAMsa trikoTi parizuddha hai arthAt jisa mAsa ke lie maiMne pazuvadha nahI kiyA hai, na mujhe AhAra dene ke lie hI pazu kI hisA kI gayI hai aura na mere samakSa pazuvadha huA hai, usa sthiti meM to vaha (mAsa) abhakSya nahI honA cAhie | isa prakAra ke prazna ke samAdhAna ke krama meM AcArya manu kA mAnanA hai ki kevala vadhakartA hI hiMsA- pApa kA bhAgI nahI hotA, apitu usake sAtha-sAtha vadha karane kI anumati dene vAlA, mRtapazu ke mAMsa ko khaNDa-khaNDa karane vAlA, becane vAlA, kharIdane vAlA, pakAne vAlA, parosane vAlA, khAne vAlA, ye sabhI AThoM hiMsA karena ke bhAgIdAra hote hai| yoga sUtrakAra maharSi pataJjali ne bhI hiMsA ke bheda-prabheda karate hue yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki na kevala vadhakartA hiMsAjanya pApa kA bhAgI hotA hai apitu hiMsA ke lie preraNA dene vAlA aura usakA samarthana karane vAlA bhI samAna rUpa se hiMsA meM bhAgIdAra

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118 anekAnta-56/1-2 hotA hai| kucha dhArmika sampradAyoM meM devatA vizeSa ke sAmane athavA kucha vizeSa parvo (bakarIda Adi) para dharma ke nAma para pazu-vadha kiyA jAtA hai| isase vadhakartA ko puNya milatA hai, kalyANa kI prApti hotI hai, aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai aura prasAda rUpa meM usa pazu kA mAMsa khAyA jAtA hai| jabaki mahAbhArata ke anusAra dharma ke nAma para madya-mAMsa kA pracAra dhUrta, svArthI aura jihavA-lolupa logoM ne kiyA hai| veda Adi dharmagranthoM meM kahI ise dharma nahIM mAnA gayA hai|' dharmazAstroM meM to sabhI karmo meM ahiMsA kI hI pratiSThA kI gayI hai| vastutaH hiMsA sabase bar3A pApa hai, sarvavidha anartha kA hetu hai aura ahisA sarvazreSTha dharma hai| maharSi pataJjali to ghoSaNA karate haiM ki ahiMsA vrata kA sarvatobhAvena pAlana karane para sAdhaka ke sAtha hiMsaka aura ahiMsaka sabhI prANiyoM ke sAtha vairabhAva sampUrNatayA vilIna ho jAtA hai| ahiMsA arthAt prema kI sAdhanA ke uparyukta pariNAma ke prasaMga meM nimnalikhita suvidita aitihAsika kathAvRtta smaraNIya hai| pichalI zatAbdI meM pazcimI dezoM meM dAsa (gulAma) prathA dRDhamUla hokara pratiSThita thii| dAsa (gulAma) ke rUpa meM manuSyoM ko bher3a-bakarI kI bhAMti kharIdA aura becA jAtA thaa| dAsa yadi apanI mukti ke lie bhAgane kA prayatna karatA thA, to rAja-niyama ke anusAra use mRtyu-daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| usI kAla kI bAta hai ki roma deza meM eNDroklIja nAma kA eka gulAma thA, jo gulAmI ko mRtyu se bhI ghRNita aura pIr3AdAyI mAnatA thaa| eka dina avasara pAkara vaha apane mAlika ke yahAM se bhAga niklaa| mAlika ne rAjA se zikAyata kii| eNDroklIja kI khoja prArambha huii| vaha chipane ke lie ghane jaMgala meM bhaTakane ko vivaza huaa| jaMgala meM bhaTakate hue eka dina eka siha usake sAmane par3a gyaa| siMha jhAr3I meM baiThA thA, usake mukha para gahana pIr3A kI chAyA spaSTa dikhAyI de rahI thI aura vaha apane eka paira ke paMje ko bArambAra bhUmi para ragar3a rahA thaa| eNDroklIja ne use dekhA, usakI pIr3A ko pahacAnA aura yaha bhI samajha liyA ki siMha kI pIr3A kA mUla usake eka paira ke paMje

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anekAnta-56/1-2 119 meM hai| usakA dayAlu hRdaya siMha kI pIr3A se karAha uThA aura vaha kucha karane ke lie becaina ho utthaa| usane socA ki maiM bhAgA huA gulAma huuN| adhika sambhAvanA hai ki Aja nahIM to kala maiM avazya pakar3A jAUgA, usa sthiti me mujhe prANadaNDa milanA nizcita hai| siMha kI pIr3A dUra karane ke lie usake pAsa jAne meM bhI prANabhaya hai kintu isa prANabhaya ke samaya pIr3A harane kI kAmanA hai, jo nizcita hI puNyakarma hai| isa puNyakarma ke lie mRtyu A jAe, to koI hAni nahIM hai| yaha socatA huA eNDroklIja zera kI aura bar3hA, zera me koI pratikriyA nahIM huii| eNDroklIja ne zera ke paMje ko pakar3A, dhyAna se dekhA, usameM eka bar3A sA kATA Ara-pAra cubhA huA thaa| eka hAtha se use khIMca pAnA kaThina thA / ataH usane donoM hAthoM se zera ke paMje ko pakar3A aura kucha bala lagAyA, to kAMTA bAhara A gyaa| zera kI pIr3A tatkAla kucha kama huii| usake pAsa laMgoTI ke atirikta koI vastra nahIM thaa| usane laMgoTI kholI aura zera ke paMje ko usase bAMdha diyA, jisase raktapravAha kama ho jAe / yaha saba karake vaha jaMgala meM Age bar3ha gyaa| jaMgala meM bhaTakate hue kucha dinoM bAda vaha sipAhiyoM dvArA pakar3A gyaa| isI bIca eka dina rAjA zikAra khelane gyaa| siMha Adi ko pakar3ane ke lie piMjarA jaMgala me lagAyA gayA aura saMyogavaMza vaha zera piMjare meM phasa gyaa| rAjadaNDa ke lie jaba eNDroklIja ko rAjA ke sAmane peza kiyA gayA, to rAjA ne use mRtyudaNDa kI sajA sunAyI tathA gulAmo me bhAgane kI bhAvanA ko dabAne kI dRSTi se bAjAra ke bIca eNDroklIja ko zikAra meM pakar3e gaye zera se nucavA DAlane kA Adeza diyaa| isake lie zera ko cAra dina bhUkhA rakhA gyaa| isa bhayAnaka pradarzana ke lie eka bar3A piMjarA banavAyA gayA, jisame eNDroklIja ko rakhA gayA aura usa piMjare ke andara zera kA piMjarA bhI lAyA gyaa| eNDroklIja ko hI zera ke piMjare kA dvAra kholane kA Adeza diyA gyaa| sabhI ora se mRtyu ko sAmane dekhate hue usane zera ke pijare kA dvArA kholaa| parantu yaha kyA, zera AkramaNa karane ke sthAna para usake pAsa Akara usake paira cATane lgaa| kyoMki zera ne dayAlu eNDroklIja ko pahacAna liyA thaa| yaha thA

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120 anekAnta-56/1-2 prema kA, ahiMsA kA aura dayAbhAva kA prbhaav| isI prakAra rAjA prasenajita kI zrAvastI nagarI meM krUra DAkU aMgulimAla kI mahAtmA buddha ke ziSya hone kI kathA suvidita hai| kahane kA tAtparya hai ki prema aura ahisA kI sAdhanA prANimAtra ko anta:karaNa se vairabhAva, kSobha aura krodha ko samApta karake jahA eka ora pratyeka vyakti ko sukha-zAnti pradAna karatI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora vyaktiyoM ke samaSTibhUta samAja meM vaira-virodha se rahita, prema se AplAvita bhrAtRbhAva kI pratiSThA kara sumadhura samAjika svAsthya ko samRddha banAtI hai / prAya: kahA jAtA hai ki Adima yuga meM jaba mAnava jagalI thA, asabhya thA, use khetI karanA nahIM AtA thA, usa samaya meM vaha zikara karake hI mAsa se apanI peTa pUjA karatA thaa| kintu kyA Aja yaha Azcarya kA viSaya nahI hai ki eka ora to vaha (mAnava) ati sabhya aura samunnata hone kA damma bharatA hai aura dUsarI ora mAMsAhAra kI usa Adima Adata ko sabhyatA, saMskRti AdhunikatA aura bar3appana kA pratIka mAnane ke bhrama meM par3akara mAMsAhAra ko jora-zora ke sAtha gale lagA rahA hai| mAMsAhAra eva hisA ke niSegha ke prasaga meM IsAmasIha kA kathana dhyAtavya hai / yathA- 'jo katla karatA hai, vaha apane Apa kA hatyArA hai aura jo mAre hue jAnavaro kA mAMsa khAtA hai, vaha unake jisma se mauta ko khAtA hai| unakI mauta usakI apanI mauta ho jAyegI, kyoki pApa kA natIjA mauta hai| na manuSyoM kA vadha karo aura na jAnavaroM kA aura na hI kisI jIva ko apanA AhAra banAo, kyoki tu agara jIvita ( zAkAhAra ) bhojana ko apanA AhAra banAoge, to tumheM jIvana evaM zakti milegI, lekina agara tuma mRta bhojana ( mAMsAhAra) karoge, to vaha mRta AhAra tumheM bhI mAra degaa| kyoMki kevala jIvana se hI jIvana milatA hai aura mauta se hamezA mauta hI milatI hai / mRta bhojana tumhAre zarIra ko bhI mRta banA degA aura jo cIjeM tumhAre zarIra ko mAratI haiM, ve tumhArI AtmA ko bhI mAra degii| jaisA tumhArA bhojana hotA hai, vaisA hI tumhArA zarIra bana jAtA hai aura isI taraha jaise tumhAre vicAra hote haiM, vaisI hI tumhArI AtmA bana jAtI hai| ',

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anekAnta - 56/1-2 121 bakarIda para kiye jAne vAle govadha ke sambandha meM uccatama nyAyAlaya kA phaisalA draSTavya hai| pazcimI baMgAla sarakAra kI vizeSa apIla yAcikA radda karate hue uccatama nyAyAlaya ne phaisalA diyA hai ki bhArata meM muslima samudAya kA bakarIda para govadha karanA dhArmika adhikAra nahIM hai| isa nirNaya se 1979 me dAyara isa mAmale para svAmI kedAranAtha brahmacArI tathA 27 anya vyaktiyo ko 23 sAla bAda nyAya mila pAyA hai| ' - sakSepa meM niSkarSa ke rUpa me mai kahanA cAhUMgI ki 'jaisA khAo anna vaisA ho mana' ukti ke anusAra nizcita rUpa se AhAra mAnava-jIvana ko vizeSa rUpa se prabhAvita karatA hai| AhAra se mAnava ko jIvanI zakti to milatI hI hai, sAtha hI yaha use prasanna - duHkhI, svastha rogI, kRpaNa-udAra, krodhI-haMsamukha, niSThura - dayAvAna tathA hiMsaka - ahiMsaka bhI banAtA hai| isa prakAra bhojana kA prabhAva sthUla zarIra se kahIM adhika mana-mastiSka para hotA hai| ahisA kI bhAvanA se prerita zAkAhAra kA vrata zArIrika aura mAnasika dono hI prakAra ke svAsthya kA mUla AdhAra hai| sAtha hI ahiMsA-sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa samAja me jisa prema kI pratiSThA hotI hai, vaha prANimAtra ko eka aise kuTumba ke rUpa meM parivartita kara detI hai, jisakI sabhI ikAiyAM paraspara eka dUsare kI sahayoga banakara 'yatra vizvaM bhavatyekanIDam' ke mahAvAkya ko sAkAra karatI haiN| saMdarbha 1 maitrIkaruNAmuditopekSANA sukhaduHkhapuNyApuNyaviSayANA bhAvanAtaH cittaprasAdanam / - yogasUtra 1 / 33 1. manusmRti, 5/48, 2 manusmRti, 5/50, 3. manusmRti, 5/52-53, 4 manusmRti, 5/54 5. manusmRti, 5/55 6 manusmRti 12/63, 7. manusmRti 12/59, 8 manusmRti 5/45 9 manusmRti 5/46 90, dvArikApurI mujaphpharanagara

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi videha - kuNDalapura - pro. (DaoN.) rAjArAma jaina jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janma kalyANaka mahotsava varSa ke manAe jAne kI ghoSaNA kI gaI aura bhArata sarakAra ne usake bahuAyAmI racanAtmaka kAryakramoM ke liye 100 karor3a rupayoM ke AvaNTana kI svIkRti dI, jisase jaina samAja meM sarvatra harSollAsa chA gyaa| vibhinna samitiyo tathA unake netAo evaM mArga-darzakoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se bRhad yojanAe~ banAI, bajaTa banAe aura tadanusAra bhArata sarakAra se unakI ApUrti hetu apanI-apanI mA~ge prastuta kiiN| isameM kisI ke liye virodha karane kA koI prazna hI na thA / kintu duHkha to taba huA, jaba samAroha ke mUlanAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma sthala ko lekara hI vivAda khar3e kiye jAne lge| kisI ne nAlandA ke samIpavarttI kuNDalapura ko unakA janmasthala batalAnA prArambha kara diyA, to kisI ne muMgera sthita lichuvANa ko / jaba ki videha sthita vaizAlI - kuNDalapura kI yugoM-yugoM se unakI janmasthalI ke rUpa meM mAnyatA calI A rahI hai| ganImata yahI rahI ki kisI ne damoha (madhyapradeza) ke samIpavartI kuNDalapura ko unakI janmabhUmi ghoSita nahIM kiyaa| prArambha me UhApoha cala hI rahI thI ki eka mahAna saMsthA ne apane eka sammelana ke prasaMga meM usakI saMgoSThI kA eka aisA viSaya rakha diyA, jisakA zIrSaka thA--" mahAvIra svAmI kI janmabhUti kuNDalapura hai, vaizAlI nhiiN"| kintu sammelana - saMgoSThI kA ukta viSaya dekhakara mujhe hArdika prasannatA nahIM huI aura maine AyojakoM ke ukta vicAra se apanI asahamati jatAI thii| dinAMka 26 janavarI 2001 ko maiMne eka saMkSipta patra bhI likhA thA, jisameM AcArya guNabhadra tathA anya kucha jaina evaM jainetara granthoM tathA purAtAtvika sandarbha prastuta karate hue sAdara nivedana

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1-56/1-2 123 kiyA thA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI videha sthita (athavA vaizAlI sthita) kuNDalapura hI hai, aura isa samaya janmasthalI ko lekara kisI bhI prakAra ke bhrama athavA vivAda khar3e karane se jainetaro tathA kendrIya eva prAntIya sarakAroM meM galata sandeza jAegA, ki jaina samAja asaMgaThita hai, jo samAja ke bhaviSya ke liye hitakArI nhii| kyoMki yaha aitihAsika tathya hai| ki pichale pArasparika vivAdoM ne jaina-saMgha kI zakti ko bikhera diyA hai| __ prAraMbha meM jaina samAja bahusaMkhyaka, zrIsamRddha evaM susaMgaThita hone ke kAraNa na kevala bhArata meM, apitu videzo meM bhI atyanta sammAnita evaM prabhAvaka thaa| pichalA itihAsa aise aneka udAharaNoM se bharA par3A hai| kintu Aja usakI kyA sthiti hotI jA rahI hai? yaha to sarvajJAta hI hai ki IsA pUrva cauthI sadI me magadha sahita samasta pUrva evaM uttara bhArata meM bhISaNa duSkAla par3A thA aura usa kAraNa zramaNa dharma evaM saMgha kI surakSA hetu AcArya bhadrabAhu sasaMgha apane navadIkSita ziSya magadha samrATa candragupta maurya (prathama) ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata gaye the| usa bhISaNatA meM magadha evaM videha se nirgranthoM ko sthAna- parivartana ke liye bAdhya honA par3A thaa| yaha viSama sthiti Age bhI viparIta paristhitiyo ke kAraNa bar3hatI rhii| phira bhI kinhIM kAraNoM se kucha jainadharmAnuyAyI evaM nirgantha vahA~ raha gaye the| kyoMki suprasiddha cInI yAtriyoM ne videha-vaizAlI ke nirgranthoM kI pracuratA kA carcA kI hai| kintu bAda meM ve saba nirgrantha kahA~ cale gaye? kyA kabhI isa tathya para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai? taha me jAkara dekheM to vidita hogA ki IsA-pUrva tIsarI sadI ke bAda se lekara gupta kAla ke madhya jaina samAja para itara IrSyAluoM ne kitane-kitane kahara DhAe? zaivoM eva zAktoM ne jainiyoM ko nAstika kahakara "hastinA tAiyamAno pi na gaccheta jaina mandira' ke nAre lagAkara dakSiNa bhArata ke samAna hI vahA~ bhISaNa narasahAra kiye, unakA dharma-parivartana kiyA gayA athavA unako apane deza ke bAhara khader3a bhI diyA gyaa| yahA~ taka ki unake AyatanoM ke nAmonizAna taka bhI samApta kara diye gye| inhIM saba kAraNoM se paravartI kAloM me vaizAlI-kuNDalapura tathA usake bhavanoM, AyatanoM evaM vahA~ ke

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124 anekAnta-56/1-2 zramaNa-nirgranthoM kA vahA~ koI nAma nizAna bhI na rhaa| prAcyakAlIna aphagAnistAna, tibbata, maMgoliyA, nepAla eva bhUTAna ke sAmAjika itihAsa ke adhyayana se isakI acchI jAnakArI mila sakatI hai| isa prasaMga meM mujhe eka dukhada smaraNa A rahA hai| dezaratna DaoN. rAjendraprasAda jI (prathama rASTrapati) vaizAlI meM mahAvIra smAraka kA zilAnyAsa kara rahe the| usameM aneka mantrIgaNa, netAgaNa, jaina samAja ke pratiSThita netAgaNa, pro. DaoN. hIrAlAla jI jaina Adi upasthita the| DaoN. hIrAlAla jI ne smAraka ke viSaya meM jo prAkRta-padya likhe the, ve unakA pATha tathA hindI anuvAda prastuta kara rahe the| sarvatra harSa kA vAtAvaraNa thA, kintu eka sajjana, jo ki ilAhAbAda vizva vidyAlaya me variSTha eva khyAti prApta prophasara the, ve apane eka sAthI se kaha rahe the ki jina nAstiko ko yahA~ se ukhAr3ane eva bhagAne me sadiyA~ laga gaI, aba unhe hI phira se yahA~ bulAne evaM sthApita karane ke prayatna kiye jA rahe haiN| vastutaH ve sajjana sthAnIya hI the| aura unake ye vicAra kucha samaya taka vahA~ carcA ke viSaya bhI bane rahe the| hamAre prAcIna mahAmahima AcAryo ko grantha-lekhana ke kAla meM apane-apane sthalo para jo bhI pratyakSa yA parokSa jAnakArI milI, usake AdhAra para unhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke carita kA citraNa kiyaa| bhale hI uname yatkicit vibheda rahA ho, phira bhI adhikAMza ne eka mata se usa tathya kI sUcanA avazya dI ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma videha-deza ke kuNDapura yA kuNDalapura meM huA thA, yahI sabase bar3A evaM sarvasammata pramANa bhI siddha ho gayA, jisake anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma videha meM sthita kuNDapura yA kuNDalapura me hI huA thaa| anyatra nhiiN| phira bhI kisI vizeSa dRSTikoNa se vizeSa varga dvArA isa dIrghakAlIna mAnyatA ko nakArA jAne lagA hai| videha-deza kI bhaugolika sthiti yugoM-yugoM se sunizcita hai aura adhika nahIM, to bhI pichale lagabhaga 3 hajAra varSoM se to vaha gaMgA nadI ke uttara meM hI sthita hai, jisake sAkSya jaina-jainetara sabhI sAhitya meM upalabdha haiN| jaba ki gaMgA-nadI ke dakSiNa meM magadha deza sthita hai| isa bhUgola meM bhI koI vizeSa

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anekAnta-56/1-2 125 parivartana nahI huA hai| magadha-samrATa zreNika evaM ajAtazatru ke itivRtta se yaha bhI sunizcita hai ki gagA ke Ara-pAra sthita videha eva magadha paraspara me virodhI sAmrAjya rhe| ___ aba yadi magadha dezAntargata nAlandA vAle kuNDalapura ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI mAna liyA jAe, to phira yahI mAnanA par3egA ki bhArata kI cAroM dizAo ke mahAna sAdhaka AcArya pUjyapAda (5vIM zatI), AcArya jinasena (8vI zatI), AvArya guNabhadra (9vI zatI), AcArya asaga (10vI zatI), AcArya padmakIrti (10vI madI), AcArya dAmanandi (11vI zatI), vibudha zrIdhara ( 12vI zatI), pa. AzAdhara (13vI zatI), mahAkavi sakalakIrti (15vI zatI), mahAkavi raidhR (16vI zatI), mahAkavi padma (16vI zatI) eva kavi dharmacandra (17vI zatI) Adi-Adi ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vidaha sthita kuNDalapura (yA kuNDapura) ko jo batalAyA hai, tadviSayaka unakA vaha kathana kyA bhrAmaka athavA mithyA hai? 20vI zatI ke prArambha se hI deza videza ke darjano prAcya vidyAvido eva purAtatva vettAo ne bhI niSpakSa eva dIrghakAla taka athaka parizrama para vividha jaina eva jenetara sAkSyo ke AdhAra para videha sthita kuNDalapura ko hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmasthalI siddha kiyA hai. to kyA unakI ye khoje bhI avizvasanIya. anAdaraNIya athavA mithyA hai? kisI bhI deza yA nagara yA sAhitya kA prAmANika itihAsa mAtra kucha dino yA mahino meM taiyAra nahI ho jaataa| vaha dIrghakAlIna vividha pramANoM ke saMgraha eva unake tulanAtmaka adhyayana se hI sambhava hai| videha-kuNDalapura ke vismRta itihAsa kI khoja me sadiyo kA samaya lagA hai, niSpakSa itihAsakAro ne vividha tathyoM kA sagraha kara jaba unakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kara use prastuta kiyA hai, phira usame aprAmaNikatA kA prazna hI kahA~ uThatA hai? aura pUrvokta digambara jainAcAryo ne videha sthila kuNDalapura spaSTa hI ghoSita kiyA hai to phira magadha kA kuNDalapura mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kaise ho sakatA hai, phira bhI yadi yaha parivartana kiyA jAtA hai, to gaMgA ke uttara meM sthita vaidehI sItA kI bhUmi---mithilA (videha) Adi ko bhI magadha meM mAna lenA par3egA yA una tIrthakaro-malli evaM nami kI janmabhUmi mithilA-videha ko bhI magadha ke

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126 anekAnta-56/1-2 antargata mAnanA pdd'egaa| ___ yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki kucha suyogya vidvAn 14vI sadI ke yati madanakIrti yA 20vIM sadI kI prakAzita dillI jaina DAyarekTarI yA 1998 me prakAzita bhArata jaina tIrthadarzana me vaizAlI-kaNDapara yA ullekha na hone se use apane pakSa ke samarthana kA sabala pramANa to mAnate haiM, kintu AcArya pUjyapAda eva guNabhadrAdi ke videha-sthita kuNDalapura sambandhI ullekha ko prAmANika nahIM mAnanA caahte| eka ora to ve zvetAmbara yA bauddha-sAhitya ko mAnyatA bhI nahI denA cAhate aura dUsarI ora ve apane pakSa ke samarthana meM bhagavatI sUtra, samavAyAga-sUtra yA Avazyaka-niyukti ke uddharaNa bhI prastuta kara rahe haiN| eka ora to jainetara vidvAnoM ko ve mAnyatA nahI dete, jabaki dUsarI ora apane pakSa ke samarthana meM unakI kucha mAnyatAoM kI sarAhanA bhI kara rahe haiN| kaisA virodhAbhAsa hai? jina harmana yAkovI prabhRti pAzcAtya tathA DaoN. prANanAtha, DaoN. Ara. pI. cadA prabhRti prAcya itihAsakAro ne jainadharma ko hindu yA bauddhadharma kI zAkhA mAnane vAlo ke kutarko kA nirbhIkatA ke sAtha purajora khaNDana kara use prAcInatama eva svatantra dharma ghoSita kiyA aura har3appA-saskRti ko usase prabhAvita batalAyA, taba use to mAnyAta de dI gaI kintu aba unhIM athavA unakI paramparA ke vidvAnoM ke dvArA anveSita aura ghoSita videha-kuNDalapura kA virodha bhI kiyA jA rahA hai| yahA~ taka ki unheM ajJAnI bhI kahA jA rahA hai| yaha bhI kahA jA rahA hai ki unakI bAtoM ko mAnane se hama kapathagAmI ho jaaveNge| eka niSpakSa itihAsakAra ke liye aisA kahanA kahA~ taka ucita hai? __ ye AdaraNIya suyogya vidvajjana bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se koTigrAma kA parivartana kuNDagrAma meM ho pAnA asambhava mAnate haiN| yadi yahI bAta yuktiyukta hai, to phira candragupta se seMDrokoTTosa, sUtAlUTI se kalakattA yA kolakAtA, arastU se arisToTala, alegjeMDara se sikaMdara, ucchakalpa se u~ceharA, killI se dillI aura dillI, koTizilA se kolhuA, bakAsura se baksara, ratidhava se raidhU, tyAgIvAsaH se cAIvAsA, kaliMga se ur3IsA, candravADapaTTana se

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anekAnta - 56/1-2 127 cadavAra, gopAcala se gvAliyara, ArAmanagara se ArA, kusumapura athavA pATaliputra se paTanA, siMhala se zrIlaMkA tathA silona ke parivartita nAma bhI sahI nahIM mAne jAne cAhiye kyoMki una samAdaraNIya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi se Proper Noun me koI parivartana hI nahIM ho sakatA / IsA pUrva dUsarI sadI meM kaliga ke jaina cakravartI samrATa khAravela kA ullekha yadi jaina sAhitya meM kahIM nahIM milatA aura ajaina itihAsakAroM ne usake zilAlekha kI athaka khoja kara samrATa khAravela ke jainadharma sambandhI bahuAyAmI kArya-kalApoM kI vistRta carcA kI aura isake sAtha hI andhakArayugIna prAcya bhAratIya itihAsa ke lekhana ke liye DaoN. Ara. DI. banarjI ne use prathama prakAza-dvAra ghoSita kiyA, to kyA isa gahana khoja ke liye bhI kevala isIliye nakAra diyA jAya, kyoki prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM usakA kahI bhI ullekha nahI milatA aura vaha kevala jainetara itihAsakAro kI khoja eva prArambha meM unhI ke dvArA usakA kiyA gayA mUlyAkana prakAza meM AyA hai| vastutaH lacchedAra - bhASA me apane itihAsa - viruddha bhrAmaka vicAro ko prastuta karanA zabdo kI kalAbAjI kA pradarzana mAtra hI hai| isase prAcIna itihAsa bhrama ke kuhare me kucha samaya ke liye bhale hI dhUmila par3a jAe, kintu usake zAzvata rUpa ko kabhI bhI miTAyA nahI jA sktaa| nAlandA sthita kuNDalapura ko janma-sthalI mAnane vAle hamAre kucha AdaraNIya vidvAn apane hI prAcIna digambarAcAryo ke kathana ko tor3a-maror3a kara tathA unake bhrAmaka artha karake unake vAstavika itihAsa ko asvIkAra kara samAja meM bhrama utpanna kara rahe hai| unhoMne zvetAmbara sAhitya, bauddha sAhitya eva purAtAtvika pramANo ko bhI aprAmANika ghoSita kara zaMkhanAda kiyA hai ki unakI mAnyatA mAnane vAle "ajJAnI" haiM tathA Agama-virodhI / isI krodhAveza meM ve una para kahI koI korTa kesa bhI dAyara na kare de? videha - vaizAlI sthita kuNDalupara ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma sthalI siddha karane vAle aneka sapramANa lekha " bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti- tIrtha- samArikA (paTanA), vardhamAna mahAvIra smRti grantha (dillI), jaina sandeza (mathurA)

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anekAnta-56/1-2 samanvayavANI (jayapura), prAkRta-vidyA kA vaizAlika mahAvIra vizeSAka (dillI) jaina bodhaka, marAThI, (bambaI) Adi meM prakAzita ho cuke haiM, ataH unhI pramANoM ko isa nibandha meM bhI prastuta karanA punAvRtti mAtra hI hogii| merI dRSTi se yadi vidvadgaNa videha-deza tathA usakI prAcyakAlIna avasthiti para binA kisI pUrvAgraha ke gambhItApUrvaka vicAra kara leM to sabhI ke samasta bhrama apane Apa hI samApta ho jaayeNge| videha-kuNDapura yA kuNDalapura ke samarthana meM jaina-sandeza (mathurA) meM abhI hAla meM a. bhA. di. jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI ke adhyakSa zrImAn sAhU ramezacanda jI (dillI) ne vividha pramANoM ke sAtha apane sucintita vicAra prakAzita kiye hI hai| ataH yahA~ adhika likhanA anAvazyaka mAnatA huuN| koI bhI vicArazIla vyakti isakA virodha kabhI bhI nahIM kara sakatA ki kisI bhI tIrthabhUmi kA vikAsa na ho, yA vahA~ para koI nayA nirmANa kArya na ho| vastutaH ye saba kArya to hone hI cAhiye kintu vahA~ ke itihAsa ko badala kara nahI tathA dUsaro ko "aparAdhI" jaise asaMvaidhAnika zabdo ke prayoga karake nhii| kyoMki krodhAveza, pUrvAgraha pUrvaka evaM itara-sAkSyo ko binA kisI parIkSaNa ke hI doSapUrNa kaha denA ye niSpakSa-vicArako ke lakSaNa nhiiN| Akroza dikhAne se itihAsa nahIM banatA, vaha dhanarAzi kI camaka dikhAne se bhI nahI banatA, pUrvAcAryo ke kathana ko tor3a-maror3akara naI-naI vyAkhyAe~ karane se paramparA eva itihAsa meM vikRti AtI hai| bar3e-bar3e kharcIle sundara TrekTsa tathA sacitra kImatI posTaroM ke pracAra se bhI itihAsa nahI banatA, pUrvAgrahoM se bhI sarvamAnya prAmANika itihAsa nahIM bana sakatA, vaha to banatA hai dIrghakAlIna bahuAyAmI tulanAtmaka adhyayana, manana evaM cintana se tathA samatA vRtti pUrvaka sabhI upalabdha sAkSyoM ke niSpakSa adhyayana, manana cintana tathA lekhana se| -bI-5,40 sI saikTara 34 noeDA-201301

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... . . I. . . . . . 00. // . . . . 00000000001 anekAnta . . . . . OOOO . . . . . DOC 00000000000 0000000000000 600806606806608: . 00000 . . . . . . . . . PROC PO000000 00000a. . 10. . . . . . . ... . . . 0000000000. . 00 ... 0000 : - 000000 --." -- - - 4 XOXOXOS pori . MONMarat OMXMOMORRON 4OOK . vIra sevA maMdira 3%%82021, dariyAgaMja. naI dillI-110002 300020 . . .

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| vIra sevA maMdira anekAnta kA traimAsika pravartaka : A. jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' - isa aMka meM varSa-56. kiraNa-3-4 kahA~/kyA? julAI-disambara 2003 / zrI sammeda-zikhara cAlIsA sampAdaka 2 "AdipurANa meM rAjanItika vicAro DaoN. jayakumAra jaina kI abhivyaJjanA" zrImatI maja jana / / 261/3, paTela nagara 3 bhAratIya jaina kalA meM pratimA mujaphpharanagara (upra) eva mUrtikalA TI zrImatI mInAkumAra | phAna : (0131) 2603730 + kyA baddha karmoM meM parivartana sabhava hai? DA ArAdhanA jana 22 ___parAmarzadAtA 5 jaina karma siddhAnta meM anekAnta - JzAka kumAra jaina 27 pa. padmacandra zAstrI 6 naiSThika zrAvaka eka anucintana DaoN jayakamAra jena 42 sasthA kI AjIvana sadasyatA 7 prAcIna bhArata me guptacara-vyavasthA TA muphaza vamana 0 1100/* jainadarzana meM pramANa kA svarUpa aura usake bheda DaoN kapuracanda jana vArSika zulka 30/ 5 dhyAna-dhyAtA-dhyeya zrImatI gakA jana : isa aka kA mUlya 10 jaina anuzAsana ke mUla tattva - gakhA jana 7 10. / / samayasAra me 'sphaTikamaNi' kA dRSTAnta sadamyA va madirA ka TA anakAnta mAra jana lie ni:zulka 12 jaina itihAsa lekhana kI AvazyakatA -DA vijayakamAra jana 101 prakAzaka 13 padArtho kA trilakSaNAtmaka eva tripAdatmaka bhAratabhUSaNa jaina, eDavAkaTa svarUpa aura sva-samaya pravRtti DaoN gajandrakamAra tana 10 mudraka 14 karma siddhAnta kI vaijJAnikatA mAsTara prinTarsa-110032 prAcAya (pa) nihAlacanda jana 11 vizeSa sUcanA : vidvAn lekhaka apane vicAroM ke lie svatantra hai| yaha Avazyaka nahI ki sampAdaka unake vicAroM se sahamata ho| vIra sevA maMdira (jaina darzana zodha saMsthAna) 21, dariyAgaja, naI dillI -110002, dUrabhASa : 23250522 sasthA ko dI gaI sahAyatA rAzi para dhArA 80-jI ke atargata Ayakara me chUTa (raji. Ara 10591/62)

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.. EX .... bhakti se mukti bhakti meM ApAra zakti hai| saMsAra rUpI samudra meM bhaTakate hue, duHkhoM se trasta prANI isI zakti ke dvArA paramapada-mokSa taka ko prApta kara letA hai| parantu bhaktimArga kI preraNA dene vAlA nimitta bhI anivArya hai| zrI sammeda zikhara cAlIsA aisI hI bhakti racanA hai| -padmacandra zAstrI zrI sammeda-zikhara cAlIsA / / dohAvalI / / zAzvata tIratharAja kA, hai yaha zikhara vizAla / bhakti-bhAva se maiM racU~, cAlIsA nata bhaal|| jina-parameSThI siddha kA, mana meM karake dhyaan| karUM zikhara sammeda kA, zraddhA se gunn-gaan|| kathA zikhara jI kI sadA, sukha-saMtoSa prdaay| nitya-niyama isa pATha se, karma-baMdha kaTa jaay|| Ae tere dvAra para, lekara mana meM aas| zaraNAgata ko zaraNa do, nata haiM 'zakuna-subhASa' / / / / caupAI / / jaya sammeda zikhara jaya girivara, pAvana terA kaNa-kaNa prstr|| muniyoM ke tapa se tuma ujjvala, nata mastaka haiM devoM ke dl||1|| jinarAjoM kI pada-raja pAkara, muktimArga kI rAha dikhaakr| dhanya hue tuma saba ke hitakara, indra praNata zata zIza jhukAkara / / 2 / /

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2 anekAnta-56/3-4 tuma anAdi ho, tuma anaMta ho, tuma dIvAlI, tuma basaMta ho / mokSa - mArga darzAne vAle, jIvana saphala banAne vAle / / 3 / / zvAsa- zvAsa meM bhajanAvaliyA~, vItarAga bhAvoM kI kaliyA~ / khila jAtI haiM taba bayAra se, milatA Atama sukha vicAra se / 14 / / naMge pairoM zuddha bhAva se, vandana karate sabhI cAva se / puNyavAna pAte haiM darzana, chuTeM naraka pazu gati se baMdhana / / 5 / / svAdhyAya se jJAna bar3hAte, nija para kI pahacAna banAte / dhyAna lagAte, karma nazAte, ve saba jana hI ziva pada pAte / / 6 / / arihaMtoM ke zubha vandana se siddha prabhU ke guNa-gAyana se / UMce zikharoM se anuprANita, kSetrapAla se ho sammAnita / / 7 / / hara yuga meM caubisa tIrthakara, dhyAna - lIna ho isa parvata para / saba-ke-saba ve mokSa padhAre, agaNita muni-gaNa pAra utAre / / 8 / / kAla- doSa se vartamAna meM, AtmalIna kaivalya jJAna meM / caubIsI ke bIsa jinezvara, mukta hue sammeda zikhara para / / 9 / / indradeva ke dvArA cinhita, pada-chApoM se ToMkeM zobhita / tapasthalI hai dharma dhyAna kI, saritA bahatI Atma-jJAna kI / / 10 / / terA saMbala jaba milatA hai, hara murajhAyA mana khilatA hai| ToMka-ToMka tIrthakara gAthA, zraddhA se jhuka jAtA mAthA / / 1 / / / prathama ToMka gaNadhara svAmI kI, vyAkhyA kara dI jinavANI kI / dharma-bhAva saMcAra ho gayA, cintana se uddhAra ho gayA / / 12 / / jJAnakUTa jina- jJAna aparimita, kunthanAtha tIrthaMkara pUjita / zraddhA bhakti viveka pavana meM, mile zAnti hara bAra namana meM / / 13 / / mitrakUTa naminAtha zaraNa meM, guMjita vAtAvaraNa bhajana meM / nATaka kUTa jahAM jana jAte, arahanAtha jI pUje jAte / / 14 / / saMbala kUTa sadA abhinaMdita, mallinAtha jinavara haiM vaMdita / mokSa gae zreyAMsa jinezvara, saMkula kUTa sadA se manahara / / 15 / / suprabha kUTa se ziva pada pAkara, vaMdita puSpadaMta jI jinavara / mohana kUTa padmaprabhu zobhita, hotA jana-jana kA mana mohita / / 16 / /

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anekAnta-56/3-4 Age pUjya kUTa hai nirajara, muni suvrata jI pujeM jahA~ para / lalita kUTa candA prabhu pujate, saba jana pUjana - vandana karate / / 17 / / vidyutavara hai kUTa jahA~ para, pujate zrI zItala jI jinavara / kUTa svayaMbhU prabhu anaMta kI, vandana karate jaina saMta bhI / / 18 / / dhavalakUTa para cinhita haiM paga, saMbhava jI ko pUje saba jaga / kara Ananda kUTa para vandana, abhinandana jI kA abhivandana / / 19 / / dharmanAtha kI kUTa sudattA, pujatI hai jisakI guNavattA / avicala kUTa praNata jana sAre, sumatanAtha pada cinha pakhAre / 120 / / zAnti kUTa kI zAnti sanAtana, karate zAntinAtha kA vandana / kUTa prabhAsa vAdya bajate haiM, jahA~ supArasa jI pujate haiM / / 21 / / kUTa suvIra vimala pada-vandana, jaya-jaya kArA karate saba jana / ajitanAtha kI siddha kUTa hai, jinake prati zraddhA aTUTa hai / / 22 / / svarNa kUTa prabhu pArasa pujate, jhA~jhara ghaMTe anahada bajate / pakSI tanmaya bhajana - gAna meM, tAre gAte AsamAna meM / / 23 / / tuma pRthvI ke bhavya bhAla ho, tIna loka meM bemisAla ho / kaTa jAyeM karmoM ke bandhana, zrI jinavara kA karake pUjana / / 24 / / he ! sammeda zikhara balihArI, maiM gAU~ jayamAla tihArI / apane AThoM karma nazAkara, ziva pada pAU~ saMyama dharakara / / 25 / / tumare guNa jahAna gAtA hai, AsamAna bhI jhuka jAtA hai / hai yaha gharA tumhIM se zobhita, terA kaNa-kaNa hai mana mohita / / 26 / / bhajana yahA~ gAtI haiM TolI, jinavANI kI bolI, bolI / tuma kalyANa karata saba jaga kA, AvAgamana miTe bhava-bhava kA / 1 27 / / namana zikhara jI kI garimA ko, jina vaibhava ko, jina mahimA ko / saMta- munI arihaMta jinezvara, gae yahIM se mokSa mArga para / / 28 / / bhaktoM ko sukha dene vAle, saba kI naiyA khene vAle / mujhako bhI to rAha dikhAo, bhavasAgara se pAra lagAo / / 29 / / hAre ko himmata dete ho, Ahata ko rAhata dete ho / bhUle ko tuma rAha dikhAte, saba kaSToM ko dUra bhagAte / / 30 / / 3

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kAma || 35 || ma-krodha-mada jaise avaguNa, lobha-moha jaise dukha dAruNa / kitanA trasta rahA maiM kAtara, pAra karA do yaha bhava-sAgara / / 31 / / tuma ho saba ke tAraNa hAre, jJAna-hIna saba pApI tAre / svayaM tapasyA-lIna akhaMDita, siddhoM kI garimA se maMDita / / 32 / / tyAga-tapasyA ke udbodhaka, karma-janita pIr3A ke zodhaka / jJAna binA maiM daSTi-hIna-sA, dharma binA maiM trasta dIna-sA / / 33 / / tuma ho svarga-mukti ke dAtA, dIna-dukhI jIvoM ke trAtA / mujhe ratnatraya mArga dikhAo, janma-maraNa se mukti dilAo / / 34 / / pAvana pavana tumhArI girivara, guMjita haiM jinavANI ke svara / arihaMtoM ke zabda madhura haiM, sunane ko saba jana Atura haiM tuma kundana, maiM kSudra dhUlikaNa, tuma guNa-sAgara, maiM rItApana / puNya-dhAma tuma, maiM hU~ pApI, karma nazA do dharma pratApI / / 36 / / terI dhUla lagAkara mAthe, suragaNa terI gAthA gAte / vAtAvaraNa badala jAtA hai, hara AcaraNa sa~bhala jAtA hai / / 37 / / tuma meM hai jina ToMkoM kA bala, tuma meM dharma-bhAvanA nirmala | divya vAyumaMDala jana-hita kA, karade jo uddhAra patita kA / / 38 / / maiM ajJAna timira meM bhaTakA, icchuka hU~ bhava-sAgara taTa kA / mujhako samyak - jJAna karA do, mana ke saba saMtrAsa miTA do / / 39 / / tuma meM hai jinavara kA tapa-bala, mana para saMyama hotA hara pala / nitya zikhara jI ke guNa gAU~, mokSa-mArga para bar3hatA jAU~ / / 4011 / / sauraThA / / zraddhA se, mana lAya jo yaha cAlIsA par3he / anekAnta-56/3-4 bhava sAgara tira jAya karma-bandha se mukta ho / / (iti zrI sammeda zikhara cAlIsA sampUrNa)

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" AdipurANa meM rAjanItika vicAroM kI abhivyaJjanA " - zrImatI maMju jaina AdipurANa jainAgama meM prathamAnuyoga kA sarvazreSTha graMtha / yaha jinasenAcArya kI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| isame pramukhata tIrthakara RSabhadeva ke jIvana caritra kA varNana hai| yadyapi jinasenAcArya ise mahApurANa kA rUpa dekara anya mahApurUSo ke jIvana caritra kA bhI varNana karanA cAhate the lekina graMtha ke racanAkAla ke bIca me hI ve devagati ko prApta hue evaM unake adhUre kArya ko AcArya guNabhadra ne pUrA kiyaa| samudra ke samAna isa gabhIra racanA kA samaya 8-9 vI zatAbdI hai| isameM 17 parva hai jisameM prArambha ke 12 parva tathA taitAlIsave parva ke 3 zloka jinasenAcArya dvArA racita haiN| zeSa parva va 1620 zloka guNabhadrAcArya dvArA racita haiN| 1 AdipurANa mahApurANa hai | svaya jinasenAcArya ke zabdoM meM yaha prAcInakAla se pracalita hone se purANa hai| tIrthakara Adi mahApuruSo kA upadeza eva kalyANakArI hone se yaha mahApurANa hai| isameM dharma hai, mukti kA pada hai, kavitA hai eva tIrthakaro kA caritra hai / AdipurANa saMskRta sAhitya kA eka anupama ratna hai| yaha purANa hai, mahAkAvya hai, dharmakathA hai, dharmazAstra hai, rAjanIti zAstra hai, AcAra zAstra hai tathA yuga kI Adya vyavasthA ko batalAne vAlA mahAna itihAsa hai| isame lagabhaga sabhI viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai 1 AdipurANa me bhagavat jinasenAcArya ne rAjanItika siddhAMtoM kI sarvottama vyAkhyA kI hai| samrATa bharata cha khaNDa kI digvijaya ke pazcAt Azrita rAjAoM ko jisa rAjanIti ke pAlana kA upadeza dete hai evaM RSabhadeva samrATa

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6 anekAnta-56/3-4 bharata ke rAjya bhAra saMbhAlate samaya jisa kalyANakArI rAjanIti ko samajhAte he aura bharata prajA ke hita ko sarvopari rakha zAsana karane kI zapatha lete haiM usa AdhAra para yadi Aja rAjya vyavasthA kAmaya ho to sarvatra sukha va zAMti chA jAya aura duHkha va azAMti ke kAle megha kSata-vikSata ho jAyeM / AdipurANa meM varNita rAjanIti ahiMsA para AdhArita hai| vahA~ prajA kA hita hI rAjya kA sarvopari lakSya hai| bharata va RSabhadeva ne batAyA "svaya jIvo aura dUsaroM ko bhI jIvita rahane do", "sabake jIvana jaise saphala bane vaise paraspara sahAyaka bno|" isa zikSA meM samaSTi kA hita garbhita thA / ataH AdipurANa kI rAjanIti kA prathama va sarvopari uddezya janahita va prajApAlana ( thaa| "prajAnAM hitakRdbhUtvA bhoga bhUmi sthiti cyutau, nAbhirAjastAdodbhUto bheje kalpatarU sthitam"" " janahita prajAnAM jIvanopAyamananAtmanavo matAH "" prajA kA hita cAhane vAle nAbhirAya hue isIliye ve kalpavRkSa kI sthiti ko prApta hue arthAt ve kalpavRkSa ke samAna prajA kA hita karate the / ve prajA ke jIvana kA upAya jAnane se manu kahalAye I rAjA vRSabhadeva ne prajA kA kalyANa karane vAlI AjIvikA kA upAya socakara use bAra-bAra AzvAsana diyA ki tuma bhayabhIta mata hoo|' 1 isa prakAra janahita evaM sarvodayI bhAvanA zAsana-vyavasthA kA sarvaprathama lakSya hai| isI kAraNa se rAjA ko nyAya priya honA bhI bahuta Avazyaka hai rAjA anIti athavA anyAya kA avalambana na le isake liye vaha pratibaMdhita thA / yadi vaha apane kartavya se cyuta ho jAtA hai yA janahita se bhaTaka jAtA hai to vaha dharmabhraSTa eva anyAyI ho jAtA hai aura rAjA kahalAne ke ayogya ho jAtA hai / bharata digvijaya karake rAjAoM ko zikSA dete hue kahate haiM

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anekAnta-56/3-4 . "tuma loga nyAyapUrvaka prajA kA pAlana kro| yadi anyAya meM pravRtti rakhoge to avazya hI tumhArI vRtti kA lopa ho jaavegaa|" "isa (nyAyapriya) rAjavRti kA acchI taraha se pAlana karate hue Apa loga Alasya chor3akara prajA ke sAtha nyAyamArga se bartAva kro|"5 "vaha nyAya do prakAra kA hai (1) duSToM kA nigraha (2) ziSTa-purUSoM kA paaln| yahI kSatriyoM kA sanAtana dharma hai|" "jo rAjA dharma kA pAlana karatA hai vaha dharma vijayI hotA hai jisane apanI AtmA ko jIta liyA hai evaM nyAyapUrvaka jisakI AjIvikA hai vahI pRthvI ko jIta sakatA hai| nyAyapUrvaka batavi karane se isa saMsAra meM yaza kA lAbha hotA hai| mahAna vaibhava ke sAtha pRthvI kI prApti hotI hai| paraloka meM svarga kI prApti hotI hai| anukrama se vaha tInoM lokoM ko jIta letA hai|" "isa prakAra bharata prajApAlana kI rItiyoM ke viSaya me rAjAoM ko bAra-bAra zikSA dete haiM tathA yoga va kSema kA cintavana karate hue svayaM bhI usakA pAlana karate haiN|" RSabhadeva putra bharata ko kahate haiM, "he putra! tujhe prajApAlana karane meM nyAya rUpa dhana se yukta honA cAhiye arthAta tU nyAya ko hI dhana samajha kyoMki nyAyapUrvaka pAlana kI gaI prajA sarva manoratho ko pUrNa karane vAlI kAmadhenu gAya ke samAna hotI hai|"1" "he putra! tU ise hI rAjavRta tathA rAjAoM kA kartavya samajha ki nyAyapUrvaka dhana kamAnA, usakI vRddhi karanA, rakSA karanA, tIrtha-sthAna tathA yogya pAtroM meM dAna denaa||| ___ "prajA kA pAlana karane ke liye apanI buddhi kI rakSA karanI caahiye| vRddha va anubhavI purUSoM kI saMgati kara, indriyoM para vijaya prApta kara, dharmazAstra va arthazAstra ke jJAna se apanI buddhi ko susaMskRta bnaao| yadi rAjA isake viparIta pravRtti rakhegA to vaha hita tathA ahita kA jAnakAra na hone se buddhi se bhraSTa ho jAvegA tathA kumArgagAmiyoM ke vaza ho jaavegaa|"12 prajA kA pAlana karane me rAjA ko gvAle kI taraha honA caahiye| jisa

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anekAnta-56/3-4 prakAra gvAlA Alasya rahita hokara bar3e prayatna se gAyoM kI rakSA karatA hai| usI prakAra rAjA ko bhI Alasya rahita ho bar3e dhyAna se prajA ke hito kI rakSA karanI caahye| ataH rAjA ko prajA kA hita dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai| sAtha hI sAtha vaha nyAyapriya bhI honA caahiye| usameM pAlaka ke guNa maujUda hone caahiye| yaha kahAvata prasiddha hai ki "yathA rAjA tathA prajA" jaisA rAjA hogA vaisI prajA bhI hogii| ataH rAjA ko nyAyapriya honA caahie| bhraSTAcArI va durAcArI nahIM honA caahiye| bharatajI kahate haiM, "duHkhI prajA kI rakSA karane meM niyukta Apa logoM kA dharma yoga va kSema kA hai" arthAt janatA ke liye navIna vastu kI prApti evaM purAnI kI rakSA karanA rAjA kA parama dharma hai| vaha dharma pAMca prakAra kA hai (1)kulapAlana (2) buddhipAlana (3) apanI rakSA (4) prajA kI rakSA (5) smNjspnaa| prajA do prakAra kI hai (1) prajA kI rakSA karane vAlI prajA (2) jisakI rakSA kI jAya, vaha prjaa| apanI, kula kI evaM buddhi kI rakSA karane meM dharma hI uttama sAdhana hai aura prajA kI rakSA meM bhI dharma va nyAyapriyatA kA honA Avazyaka hai| rASTra kI rakSA va vikAsa samucita ho isake lie janatA ko tIna vargoM meM bAMTA gyaa| isa vargIkaraNa meM guNoM kI pradhAnatA thii| janatA meM senA (Army), artha (Finance), tathA zrama (Labour) kA vargIkaraNa samucita honA Avazyaka hai| ina tInoM kA nirmANa ahiMsA ke siddhAMta para honA caahiye| rAS ke aMga-aMga meM ina tInoM kI samatA va sAmarthya honA hI caahiye| ataH jahA~ mAnava meM vIratA va sAhasa kI bhAvanA dekhane ko milI vaha sainya varga yA kSatriya varga khlaayaa| jina manuSyoM meM buddhi tathA sAhasa ke sAtha saMcaya kI bhAvanA pAyI gaI vaha vaizya varga kahalAyA, usa para artha sampannatA kA bhAra DAlA gyaa| unakA karttavya nyAyapUrvaka artha kamAkara evaM saMcaya kara rASTra ko samRddhazAlI banAnA thaa| zeSa mAnava zrama bhAra vahana karane ke liye svataMtra thaa|

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anekAnta-56/3-4 isa prakAra kA rASTra kA vargIkaraNa rAjanIti ko zaktizAlI banAne ke nimitta huaa| " utpAditAsayo varNAstadA tenAdhi vedasAH, kSatriya vaNijaH zUdrA kssttraannaadimugunnaiH|" rAjya ko zaktizAlI banAne ke nimitta hI bhArata deza meM (tatkAlIna bharata kSetra) aneka nagaroM, janapadoM, gA~voM kI sthApanA huI aura pratyeka kA eka-eka zAsaka niyukta huaa|" "tadanantara kauzala Adi mahAdeza, ayodhyA Adi nagara, vana, sImA sahita gA~va aura khaiDo Adi kI racanA kI gii|"16 "sukozala, avantI, puNDu, kurU, kAzI, kaliMga, aMga, baMga Adi dezoM kI racanA kI gii|'' / gA~va basAne ke liye aura upabhoga karane vAloM ke liye yogya niyama banAnA, navIna vastu ke banAne (yoga) tathA purAnI vastu (kSema) kI rakSA ke upAya ke liye 'hA' 'mA' 'dhika' kI daNDa vyavasthA, logoM se kAma karavAnA, janatA se kara vasUla karanA yaha saba rAjAoM ke adhIna thaa| isa prakAra janatA kI rakSA, utpAdana meM vRddhi va vikAsa, daNDa va nyAya vyavasthA rAjAoM va zAsakoM dvArA kI jAtI thii| rAjya kI vyavasthA ke liye yogya dhana kaise mile isake liye kara nirdhAraNa kI vyavasthA bhI zAsakoM dvArA lAgU kI jAtI thii| lekina Taiksa kI vasUlI janatA ko binA pIr3A diye honI caahiye| jaise dUdha duhane vAlI gAya se, binA pIr3A diye dUdha duhA jAtA hai, usI prakAra janatA se kara vasUla kiyA jAnA cAhiye tAki kara kA bojha janatA para lAdane kI naubata na aaye| janatA AsAnI se tathA sahajatA se kara adA kara ske| vartamAna meM kara-vyavasthA eka bhAra hai janatA ko kara se itanA adhika dabA diyA gayA hai ki arthavyavasthA paMgu banakara raha gayI hai| usameM garIba adhika garIba tathA amIra adhika amIra banatA calA jA rahA hai| Adi purANa meM varNita kara vyavasthA ke anukUla vartamAna meM dainika upabhoga kI vastuoM para kara nahIM lagAyA jAnA caahiye| hA~,

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10 anekAnta-56/3-4 ArAmadeha (Luxery litems) vastuoM para atirikta kara lagAyA jA sakatA hai| ___ AcArya jinasena ne zAsaka ko ahiMsA ke Asana para ArUr3ha karA hai| rAjanIti meM hiMsA kA puTa nahIM honA caahiye| bharata kSetra ke janapada meM Arya the sAtha hI kucha uddaNDa pravRtti ke loga (anAya) bhI the| usa samaya yadi zAsana sattA ko kendrIbhUta na kiyA jAtA to rAjanIti meM saMbhavataH khUna kI nadiyA~ bhtiiN| phalasvarUpa ahiMsAmaya rAjanIti evaM saMskRti kA udaya nahIM ho paataa| rASTra ke vikAsa ke liye samrATa bharata ne zakti ko kendrIbhUta kiyaa| vaise to sabhI svAdhIna va svataMtra the lekina ahiMsaka saMskRti kI abhivRddhi ke liye pratyeka zAsaka ko samrATa kI sattA svIkAra karanI hotI thii| bharata kI SaTakhaNDa kI vijaya dharmapUrNa thI aura lokopakAra kI bhAvanA se abhipreta thii| sabhI svAdhIna the lekina uddaNDa banakara hiMsaka banane aura dUsare ke adhikAra chInane ke liye svataMtra nahIM the| yuddha kI nIti evaM videza nIti bhI ahiMsaka thii| yuddha ko TAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA thaa| sarvaprathama to yuddha nihita svArtho ke liye nahIM lar3A jAtA thA janahita ke lie lar3A jAtA thaa| usameM bhI yuddha ko TAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA thA, phira bhI janatA ke hita meM lar3anA par3e to khUnI saMgharSa nahIM hokara ahiMsaka yuddha hI hotA thaa| jaisA ki bharata va bAhubalI ke bIca huaa| dezoM ko, zatru dezoM se zAMti samajhautA yA saMdhi karanI caahiye| "yuddha ko TAlane kA hI prayatna kareM kyoMki yuddha jana-hAni evaM mAla-hAni kA kAraNa hai| yuddha kA bhaviSya bhI burA hai (avanati kA kAraNa hai) ataH saMdhi samajhautA karanA caahiye|"18 vartamAna yuga kI antarrASTrIya rAjanIti bhI zAMti va samajhautoM para hI AdhArita honI cAhiye tAki bhaviSya meM vizva yuddha evaM usase hone vAle bhISaNa narasaMhAra se bacA jA ske| rAjanIti kA saMrakSaNa ucita daNDa vidhAna se ho sakatA hai| yadi rAjanIti ahiMsaka hogI to usakI daNDa-saMhitA bhI ahiMsaka honI caahiye| bhaTakA huA

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anekAnta-56/3-4 uddaNDa manuSya prema se sudhara sakatA hai| jisa prakAra bAlaka ko prema se sudhArA jA sakatA hai usI prakAra aparAdhI manuSya ko bhI sudhArA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsaka rAjanIti mAnava ke hRdaya meM vizva prema kI gaMgA bahAtI hai| mAnava ko sanmArgI banAtI hai| "jo rAjA duSTa va mitra sabhI ko niraparAdha banAne kI icchA rakhatA hai vaha madhyastha raha kara saba para samAna dRSTi rakhatA hai| isa saMmajasatva guNa se nyAyapUrvaka AjIvikA karane vAle ziSTa puruSoM kI rakSA tathA aparAdha karane vAle duSTa puruSoM kA nigraha karanA caahiye|"19 "prajA meM koI aparAdha karatA hai to usake anurUpa daNDa denA cAhiye na ki kaThora dnndd|" "kaThora daNDa dene vAlA rAjA prajA ko udvigna kara detA hai prajA aise rAjA ko chor3a detI hai|"| "samasta prajA ko samAna rUpa se dekhanA cAhiye yaha rAjA kA samaMjasatva guNa kahalAtA hai| daNDa vidhAna meM krUratA va ghAtakapanA nahIM honA cAhiye na hI kaThora vacana bolane cAhiye aura na hI daNDa kI kaThoratA hI honI caahiye| aparAdhika pravRtti vAloM ko daNDa dene kI vyavasthA kI gaI jisameM 'hA' 'mA' 'dhika' kI uttarottara kaThora daNDa vyavasthA thii| yaha vAcanika daNDa vidhAna thaa| usa samaya vyakti itane meM hI apanA maraNa samajhatA thaa| Aja kI daNDa-saMhitA ati kaThora hai phira bhI vaha mAnava meM sudhAra nahIM lA pA rahI hai| bharata ke samaya meM loga adhika aparAdha karane lage the| taba vadha, baMdhana evaM zArIrika baMdhana kI daNDanIti bhI calAyI gyii| "tatrAdyai paMcaminRNAM kulakudbhiH kRtAgasAm hAkAra lakSaNo daNDaH smvsthaapitstraa|" "hamAkArazca daNDo'nyaiH, paMcami saMpravartitaH paMcamistu tataH zaiSaurdhamAdhikkAra lakSaNaH"24 "zarIra daNDanaM caiva vadha, bandhanAdi lakSaNam nRNAM prabala doSANAM bharaten nidonitm|"25

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anekAnta-56/3-4 jo vyakti (aparAdhI) prajA ko satAye va lUTamAra kare usake liye kaThora daNDa kI vyavasthA kI gii| usakI saMpatti jala karane kA prAvadhAna bhI rakhA gyaa| "rAjA ko cAhiye ki vaha cora, DAkU Adi kI AjIvikA jabarana naSTa kara de kyoMki kAMToM ko dUra karane se hI prajA kA kalyANa hotA hai|"26 manuSya kI uddaNDatA ne daNDanIti ko kaThoratA kA bAnA pahanAyA hai| vadha, baMdhana tathA zArIrika daNDa meM bhI ahiMsaka vRti kA pUrNa khyAla rakhanA caahiye| mAnava kI dRSTi meM vyakti ko lajjita banAnA, deza..nikAlA denA, vyakti ke hRdaya meM aparAdha ke prati ghRNA utpanna karanA daNDa nIti kA dhyeya rahA hai| Adi purANa meM zAsaka ke guNoM kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| yathA rAjA ko sarva prajAjanoM ke prati pakSapAta rahita hokara samaMjasavRti apanAnI caahiye| pakSapAta vRti vAlA rAjA apane hI logoM dvArA apamAnita hotA hai use rakSA karane vAlI prajA ke hita kI rakSA bhI karanI caahiye| jo sainya varga deza kI rakSA karate haiM unakI rakSA karanA rAjA kA prathama karttavya hai| ___ "jisa prakAra Azrita gAyoM kI rakSA karane ke liye gvAlA bharasaka prayatna karatA hai usI prakAra rAjA bhI senA meM ghAyala sainikoM kA uttama upacAra (auSadhi vagairaha denA) karAkara vipatti kA parikAra kre| sahI hone para use AjIvikA pradAna kre|"7 "parAkrama prakaTa karane vAle evaM acche yoddhAoM ko acchI AjIvikA evaM ucita sammAna pradAna kre| unheM naukarI se na httaave| unake prati apamAnajanaka zabdoM kA prayoga na kre| yuddha meM sainikoM ke mara jAne para unake parivArajanoM ko niyukta kre| usase rAjA kI kRtajJatA hotI hai|"28 rAjA ko apane pada ke prati lipsA kA bhAva nahIM honA caahiye| samaya Ane para zAsana vyavasthA kA kAryabhAra tyAga kara dUsaroM ko sauMpa denA caahiye|

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anekAnta-56/3-4 "buddhimAna puruSa ko apathya auSadhi ke samAna rAjya kA tyAga kara denA caahiye| use rAjya ke viSaya meM virakta ho, bhogopabhoga kA tyAga kara denA caahiye| anta samaya meM to samasta ADambara kA tyAga kara sallekhanA dhAraNa karanI caahiye|"29 rAjA candra gupta isake jIte jAgate udAharaNa haiN| unake pazcAt hone vAlo rAjAoM ne rAjya tyAga kara samAdhimaraNa vrata grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| ataH rAjA ko yA zAsaka pada para AsIna vyakti ko guNavAna, zikSaka, buddhimAna, vidvAna evaM nyAyapriya honA caahiye| dharmabuddhi kA dhAraka honA caahiye| prajA ke pAlana meM tatpara honA caahiye| ___ isa prakAra AdipurANa meM utkRSTa rAjanItika siddhAMtoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| AdipurANa kI rAjanIti meM jahA~ eka ora sarvotkRSTa zAsaka ke guNa dekhane ko milate haiM vahIM svayaM rAjanIti bhI lokodaya, rASTrIyatA, sarvodaya ahiMsA evaM pakSapAta rahita bhAvanA se otaprota hai| saMdarbha-grantha - AdipurANa, prathama bhAga, AcArya jinasena, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI-1993 AdipurANa, dvitIya bhAga, AcArya jinasena, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI-1993 - divAkara abhinandana gratha, jainodaya pustaka prakAzana samiti, ratalAma, vI ni. 2473 1 tRtIya parva, zloka 206, aadipuraann| 2 vahI 3/211 3. vahI 3/199 "itikartavyatA ntimiivaastdaarykaan| nAbhirnabheyamityuktvA vyAjahAraH punaH sa taan| 4. vahI 38/258, pArthivAna pravatAn yUya nyAyaiH pAlayataH prajA / anyAyeSu pravRtAzced vRtilopo dhruvaM hi va / 5 vahI 38261, "prajAsu vartitavya bho bhavadbhiAyavarmanA / " 6. vahI 38/959. "nyAyazca dvitayo duSTanigrahaH ziSTapAlanama" 7 vahI 38/262, "pAlayedya imadharma sadharmavijayI bhvet| kSamA jayed vijitAtmA hi kSatriyo nyAyajIvika" 8 vahI 38/263, "ihaiva syAd yazolAbho bhUlAbhazca mhodyH| amunnAbhyudayAvAptiH kramAt trailokyanirjaya"

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14 anekAnta-56/3-4 9. vahI 38/263 "itibhUyo'nu ziSyaitAn prajApAlana sNvidhau| svayaM ca pAlayatyenAn yogakSemA nu cintnaiH|" . 10 vahI 38/269 "tvayA nyAyadhanenAga bhaktivyaM prajAdhRtau / prajA kAmaduhA dhernumatA nyAyena yojitaa|" 11. vahI 38/270, "rAjavRtamidaMviddhi yannayAyena dhanArjanam vardhana rakSaNa cAsya tIrtha ca pratipAdanam" 12. vahI 38/271, 272 13 vahI 42/138, 139 14. divAkara abhinandana graMtha pR 93, 94 15. vahI 16/182, 183, 184, 185, 186 16 vahI 16/151, "kosalAdIna mahAdezAn sAketAdipurANi c| sArAmasImanigamAna kheTAdIzca nyveshyt"| 17. vahI 16/152 se 156 18. vahI 42/195, 196 "janakSayAya saMgrAmo bahvapAyo durUttara tasmAdupapradAnAdyai sadheyo'ri 42/196 19. vahI 42/200, 201, 202 20. vahI 42/140, 141 21 vahI 42/142 "tIkSNa daNDohi nRpatistIvramuDheja yetaprajA / tatovikhata prakRti jahyarenamabhu prjaa.| 22. vahI 38/279, "samaMjasatvamasyeSTa prjaasvvissmekssitaa| AnRzasyamavAgdaNDApArUpyAdi vishessitm| 23 vahI 3/214 24 vahI 3/215 25. vahI 3/216 26. vahI 42/164 'prasahya ca tathAbhUtAna vRtticchedena yojyte| kaSTakodvaraNenaiva prajAnA kssemdhaarnnN"| 27 vahI 42/148 tathA narendro'pi svabale vraNita bhadram pratikuyAd bhissgvryaanniyo'-yaussdhsdaa| 28 vahI 42/158, 159, 157, 164 se 168, 150, 151 29 vahI 42/121, 122 bI-116, seThI kaoNlonI, jaina maMdira mArga, jayapura-302004 phona : 2605007

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bhAratIya jaina kalA meM pratimA evaM mUrtikalA -(DaoN.) zrImatI mInAkumAra jaina dharma meM mokSa kA parama sAdhana karma kA kSaya mAnA gayA hai| dharma ke niyama aura siddhAntoM kA samyagjJAna prApta karake use vyavahAra meM lAne ko samyak caritra kahate haiN| isa mArga meM anubhavasiddhajJAna prApta karane vAle 24 tIrthakara hue haiM, jinhoMne kevalajJAna prApta karake mokSa dvArA "jina" pada prApta kiyA aura tIrthakara kahalAye haiN| tIrtha zabda kA zAbdika artha nadI yA nAlA hai arthAt jo saMsAra rUpI nadI ko pAra kara le, tIrthakara hai| jaina-dharma Izvara kI sattA meM vizvAsa nahIM karatA, vaha yaha nahI mAnatA ki koI aisA Izvara hai, jisane saMsAra kI racanA kI manuSya; svayameva apane duHkha-sukha ke liye uttaradAyI hotA hai| ___ zrI drijendra nAtha zukla ne batAyA hai- tIrthakaroM kI pratimAoM kA prayojana jijJAsu jainoM meM na kevala tIrthakaroM ke pAvana-jIvana, dharma ve pracAra aura kaivalya prApti kI smRti hI dilAnA thA varan tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pravartita patha kA pathika banane kI preraNA bhI thii| jaina tIrthaMkara-pratimA kA nirmANa pratimA kA zAbdika artha pratirUpa hotA haiN| pratirUpa se tAtparya samAna AkRti se hai| pANinI ne apane sUtra "ive prati kRto" meM samarUpa AkRti ke liye pratikRti zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| prAcIna bhArata meM pratimA zabda kA prayoga vaidika yuga se hI hotA calA A rahA haiN| Rgveda meM yajJa ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM pratimA zabda prayukta huA hai| pratimA kalA kA vikAsa vaidika yuga meM huA thA yA nahI yaha vivAdAspada rahA hai| vaidika kAlIna mUrtikalA evaM pratimA kalA ke udAharaNa prApta nahIM hote

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anekAnta-56/3-4 haiN| vaidika kAla meM loga aise dharma meM vizvAsa karate rahe jisameM pratimA pUjana kA koI sthAna nahI thA yA dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki vaidika kAla meM mUrtiyoM ke liye aisA padArtha upayoga meM na lAyA jAtA ho jisase ve cirakAla taka surakSita rhtiiN| kucha vicArakoM kA kahanA hai ki vaidika kAla meM vyakti pratimA pUjA nahIM karate the| unakI upAsanA kAlpanika evaM bhAvAtmaka thii| prakRti ke saundarya vaibhinya evaM kAlpanika vaicitraya se abhibhUta prANI bhaya evaM tanmayatA ke kAraNa prakRti ke vibhinna rUpoM kI amUrta devatA ke rUpa meM upAsanA karane lgaa| unako prasanna karane ke liye yajJa kA Azraya liyA gyaa| jisameM Ahuti dete samaya ve una viziSTa devoM ke nAma se Ahuti DAlate the| DA. bollena saina ne batAyA hai ki vaidika kAlIna vyakti pratimAo se paricita hI nahI the varan usakI pUjA bhI karate the| gupkAlIna mUrtiyAM hameM kalA, saMskRti aura usa samaya ke samAja kA pUrNa anubhava karAtI haiN| kucha saMskRtiyA~ kucha yugoM meM anya saMskRtiyoM aura yugoM kI apekSA kalA, dhArmika, satya aura naitika Adarzo kI vAhikA rahIM haiN| ___ jaina dharma ke prarvataka bhagavAna mahAvIra the, kintu jaina paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra 24veM tIrthakara haiN| inake pahale 23 tIrthakara ho cuke the jo nimnavata hai :(1) RSabhanAtha, (2) ajitanAtha, (3) saMbhavanAtha, (4) abhinandananAtha, (5) sumatinAtha, (6) pradmaprabhu, (7) supArzvanAtha, (8) candraprabhu, (9) puSpadanta, (10) zItalanAtha, (11) zreyAMsanAtha, (12) vAsupUjya, (13) vimalanAtha, (14) anantanAtha, (15) dharmanAtha, (16) zAntinAtha, (17) kuthunAtha, (18) aranAtha, (19) mallinAtha, (20) muni suvratanAtha, (21) naminAtha, (22) neminAtha, (23) pArzvanAtha ___ jaina tIrthakara vItarAga kahalAte haiM, isIliye unakI pratimAyeM dhyAnastha rUpa meM nagna zarIra se padmAsana meM sthita hotI haiM, unakI chAtI para zrIvatsa kA cinha hotA hai| zvetAmbara pratimAoM meM tIrthakara ko kaccha pahane huye dikhAyA jAtA

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anekAnta-56/3-4 hai| tIrthakaroM kI dUsare prakAra kI pratimAeM tapa kA bhAva vyakta karatI huI kAyotsarga mudrA meM hotI hai| vRhata saMhitA meM batAyA gayA hai ki ghuTane taka laTakate hAtha, chAtI meM zrIvatsa kA cinha, tarUNa-sundara, prazAnta arhatadeva kI pratimA, saumya, zAnta dhyAnastha nirmita honI caahiye| digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAya meM nirmita tIrthakara pratimAoM meM kucha bhinnatA hotI hai| digambara sampradAya meM pratimA pUrNataH nagna hotI hai| aura zvetAmbara sampradAya meM vastra hotA hai| usameM guhyA bhAga nahI dikhAyA jAtA hai| "jina" pratimA kA baiThA huA svarUpa sabhI tIrthakara pratimAoM meM eka samAna hotA hai| kevala usakI pIThikA para nirmita lAkSaNoM se usa tIrthakara pratimA kI pahacAna kI jAtI hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM kA nirmANa kAla bhAratIya samAja eka aisA samAja thA jo eka sImA taka dharma se prabhAvita thA samAja meM jAti bheda bhI dharma ke hI kAraNa thaa| jisa samaya citroM aura mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huA, usa samaya kalA kI unnati ke sAtha-sAtha sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI unnati huii| brAhmaNa dharma karmakANDo se yukta thaa| yajJa anuSThAna hI isake pradhAna tatva the| kalA kI abhivayakti hetu kisI AdhAra kA abhAva hone se viziSTa pragati na ho skii| ataeva kSatriya rAjAoM ne janatA ko nayI vicAradhArA pradhAna kii| navIna kalA kA prAdurbhAva huA, jaina aura bauddha dharma kI punaH sthApanA huii| isake siddhAnta itane sarala aura svAbhAvika the ki janatA zIghra hI isa ora AkarSita hone lgii| rAjAoM ne ise rAjadharma ghoSita kiyaa| dharma ke pracAra hetU kalA ko apanA mAdhyama bnaayaa| jisase kalAsvarUpa mUrtikalA, citrakalA, sthApatyakalA Adi kalAoM kA zreSThatama vikAsa huaa| citra evaM mUrtiyAM kalAkAra kI anubhUti, kalpanA, maulikatA, tyAga aura zakti kI paricAyaka haiN| jaina tIrthakaro kI pratimAoM kA nirmANa kaba se Arambha huA yaha spaSTa

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anekAnta-56/3-4 rUpa se kahanA asambhava hai| muni kAntisAgara ne jaina sAhitya meM varNita Ardra-kumAra kI kathA kA ullekha kiyA haiN| jisameM varNita hai ki vaha anArya deza kA nivAsI thaa| magadha ke rAjavaMza ke sAtha usakI gaharI mitratA thii| abhaya kumAra ne unheM "jina' pratimA bhijavAyI thI, bAda me vaha bhArata AyA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa Akara zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| isa sambandha meM prabhAsa paTala se DA. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra dvArA prApta nAma patra vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| jisame likhA hai ki bebIlona ke rAjA nebUcandabejAra ne revatagiri ke neminAtha mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA, una dinoM saurASTra Antirika aura bAhya vyApAra kA kendra thaa| sambhAvanA hai ki videzI zAsana yahI se AyA ho aura apane dvArA pUrva preSita "jina" pratimA ke saMskAra ke kAraNa jIrNodvAra karAyA ho| ___mani kAntisAgara ne prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para batalAyA hai ki magadha ke zAsaka zizunAga aura nandarAjA jaina dharma ke upAsaka the| nandarAjA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI arcanA karate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra grahasthAvAsa meM jaba bhAvamukta the aura rAjamahala meM kAyotsarga meM mudrA meM khar3e the, usa samaya ke bhAvoM ko vyakta karane vAlI gozIrSa candana kI pratimA bidyunmAlI deva dvArA nirmita hayI evaM rAja mahirSI prabhAvatI dvArA pUjI jAtI rhii| titthogAlI painnaya se jJAta hotA hai ki nanda rAjAoM ne pATaliputra meM pA~ca jaina stUpoM kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| yuAncyuADa ne bhI apanI yAtrA vivaraNa meM ina pA~coM stUpo kA ullekha kiyA hai| aura batAyA ki kisI Abodha rAjA dvArA ve dhvasta kara diye gye| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki "jina' upAsanA aura pratimAoM kI pUjA 5 vIM IsA pUrva meM pracalita thii| udayagiri kI hAthI gumphA nAmaka guphA meM I. pU. kI prAkRta bhASA meM likhita eka suvistRta lekha prApta huA hai| jisameM kaliMga samrATa khAravela ke bAlkAla va zAsanakAla ke teraha varSo kA caritra varNita hai| yaha lekha arahaMto va sarva-siddhoM ke namaskAra (namo arahaMtAnaM, namo saba sidhAnaM) ke sAtha prArambha huA hai aura usakI 12 vIM pakti meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki usane apane zAsana kAla ke 12 ve varSa meM magadha para AkramaNa kara vahAM ke rAjA brahaspatimitra ko

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anekAnta-56/3-4 19 parAjita kiyA aura vahAM se "jina" kI pratimA ko apane deza ko lauTA liyA, jise pahale nandarAjA apaharaNa kara le gayA thaa| jaina tIrthakara pratimA nirmANa ke vikAsa krama meM paTanA ke nikaTa lohanIpura se prApta eka prAcIna mastakavihIna "jina" pratimA vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| jo sarvaprathama jAyasavAla mahodaya ne prakAzita kI thI isa pratimA kA sira aura hAtha khaNDita hai| usake paira bhI jaMghA ke pAsa se TUTa gaye haiN| pratimA kA taMga vakSasthala jaina tIrthakaroM ke tapasyArata zarIra kA namUnA hai| isa pratimA para camakadAra pAliza hai| jisase yaha maurya kAlIna kRti jJAta hotI hai| zatAbdiyoM taka bhU-garbha meM rahane para bhI isakI camaka meM antara nahIM aayaa| jo maurya kAlIna zilpa kI apanI vizeSatA hai| zAha mahodaya ne isa pratimA ko aba taka kI prApta tIrthakaroM kI pratimAoM meM se sabase prAcIna pratimA mAnI hai| aisI hI eka mAnava mUrti har3appA kI khudAI se milI hai| jo pUrNataH nagna hai| DA. hIrAlAla jaina ne AkRti aura bhAvAbhivayaJjana ke AdhAra para tulanAtmaka adhyayana karate huye batalAyA hai ki paTanA ke lohanIpura se prApta mastakahIna nagnamUrti aura har3appA se prApta mastakahIna nagnamUrti meM bar3A hI sAmya hai aura pUrvottara paramparA ke AdhAra se mUrti vaidika va bauddha praNAlI se sarvathA visadRza va jaina praNAlI ke pUrNatayA anukUla siddha hotI haiN| jaina tIrthakara pratimAoM ke spaSTa nirmANa kA kAla I. zatI kA Arambha hai| isa samaya se tIrthakara pratimAoM kA pramANa milane lagatA hai| yaha pramANa mathurA kI kalA meM upalabdha hotA hai| mathurA jaina dharma kA eka prasiddha kendra thaa| yahA~ jainiyoM kA eka vizAla stUpa thaa| jisake avazeSa kaMkAlI TIle ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| isa TIle ke utkhanana se stUpa ke aneka avazeSa mile hai| jisake "AyAgapaTTa" vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| AyAgapaTTa eka vibhUSita zilA hotI haiN| jinake sAtha "jina" kI pratimA yA koI anya pUjya AkRti jur3I rahatI hai| jainiyoM meM I. sana ke pUrva se hI AyAgapaTTa kA nirmANa hotA thaa| Arambha meM ina paToM para pavitra cinha banate the| parantu kucha samaya bAda isake madhya meM tIrthakaroM kI AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa kI jAne lgii| aura inheM mandiroM meM rakhA

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20 anekAnta-56/3-4 jAnA lgaa| prathama zatI I. meM mathurA kI kalA meM tIrthakaroM kI svataMtra pratimAoM kA bhI nirmANa hone lagA jinakI kula saMkhyA 24 hai| madhyakAlIna bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM se jaina tIrthakaroM kI aneka pratimAyeM prApta hotI haiN| madhyakAla kI aneka pArzvanAtha tIrthakara pratimAo ke pArzva meM yakSa pratimAoM ko dekhakara esa.sI. kAlA mahodaya ne batalAyA hai ki gaNapati kI upAsanA bhI jaina pratimAoM ke sAtha kI jAtI thii| unhoMne yakSa pratimAo ko bhramavaza gaNapati kI pratimA svIkAra kara lI thii| jaina pratimA vidhAna ke anusAra pArzvanAtha se sambandhita yakSa (pArzvayakSa) ko gaNapati ke sadRza gajamukha pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai| kintu pArzvayakSa pratimA ke nIce vAhana rUpa meM kacchapa kI AkRti nirmita hotI hai aura gaNapati ke vAhana ke rUpa meM mUSaka pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai| madhyakAlIna gaNapati pratimAoM ke hAthoM meM modaka, modaka-pAtra, kamala, parazu, nAga, aMkuza, kaNa ityAdi kA pradarzana huA hai jabaki pArzvanAtha kI pratimA meM aisA nahIM hotA hai| jaina kalA kI samRddhi ke vAstavika paricaya kA abhAva dikhAyA detA hai| parantu uparokta varNana ke anusAra kucha udAharaNoM meM unakI mahattA darzanIya hai| jinameM lohanIpura (paTanA) aura kaMkAlI TIle (mathurA) kI jina pratimAoM meM aMkita yakSa-yugala udAttA lAvaNa ke pratIka haiN| adhikAMzatayA tIrthakaroM donoM pAryo meM yakSa-yakSaNiyoM ke yugala ke saumyacitroM ke sAtha-sAtha mUrtiyo meM bhI ujjavala dhUmavarNa loka zailI kI alhar3atA, vastra sajjA aura hasta mudrAeM sabhI meM kalAtmaka zrRMgAra tathA mAdhurya ota-prota haiN| bhAratIya citrakalA meM jaina zilpa kA eka apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| jisakA spaSTIkaraNa jaina pratimAoM ko dekhakara ho jAtA hai| kyoMki jaina pratimAoM kI bhaoNti cakSu nirmANa zailI anyatra durlabha hai| sittanavAsana kI jina pA~ca mUrtiyoM ko prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai una para boddhazailI kA prabhAva dikhAyI detA hai| yadi pratIkoM ko chor3a diyA jAye to adhikAMza jina mUrtiyoM aura buddha mUrtiyoM meM bahuta kama antara dikhAyI detA hai|

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anekAnta-56/3-4 21 __ bauddha kalA kA astitva sAre bhArata aura sAre eziyA meM vyApta huA, kintu jaina kalA bhArata kI sImA ke andara hI banI rhii| bauddhakalA ko azoka, kaniSka Adi sAmrAjyoM kA saMrakSaNa prApta thA, jabaki jainakalA kisI bhI yuga meM rAjyAzrita nahI rhii| jaina kalA sadA hI dharma kI pagaDaMDiyo para calatI rhii| lokapriyatA prApta na kara dharmaparaka hone ke kAraNa usameM pavitratA aura nIrasatA vyApta hai| parantu ucca AdarzoM ke prati usakI AsthA banI rahI jesalamera, pATana, khabhAta, pUnA, bIkAnera, baDaudA, Adi sthAnoM ke mahatvapUrNa sthAno meM mahatvapUrNa jainAzrita kalA ke namUne vidyamAna haiN| parantu prazna yaha uThatA hai ki dekharekha ke abhAva meM ye cirasthAyI saMrakSaNa pA sakegI yA nhii| -rIDara evaM adhyakSA-citrakalA vibhAga digambara jaina mahAvidyAlaya, bar3auta "syAdvAdo vartate yasmin pakSapAto na vidyte| nAstyanyapIDana kiMcita janadharma sa ucyte||" arthAt "jisame sarvatra syAdvAda kA varNana-anekAnta kA vyavahAra hotA hai, pakSapAta nahIM pAyA jAtA aura na dUsaroM ke pIDana kA-hiMsA kA hI kucha vidhAna hai use jainadharma kahate haiN|

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kyA baddha karmoM meM parivartana saMbhava hai? -DaoN. ArAdhanA jaina svayaMkRtaM karma yadAtmanA purA phalaM tadIyaM labhate zubhAzubham / pareNa dattaM yadi labhyate sphuTaM, svayaM kRtaM karma nirarthakaM tdaa|| nijArjitaM karmavihAya dehino na ko'pi kasyApi dadAti kinycn| vicArayannevamananya mAnasaH paro dadAtIti vimuJca zemuSIm / / AcArya amitagati ke ukta padyoM kA paM. zrI jugalakizora jI ne padyAnuvAda kiyA hai svayaM kiye jo karmazubhAzubha phala nizcaya hI ve dete| kareM Apa phala deya anya to svayaM kiye niSphala hote|| apane karma sivAya jIva ko koI na phala detA kucha bhii| para detA hai yaha vicAra taja sthira ho chor3a pramAdI buddhi / / isase spaSTa hai ki pratyeka jIva ko apane kRta karmo kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai| para jaba taka karma sattA meM rahate haiM taka unameM aneka parivartana hote rahate haiN| usakI zakti, avadhi Adi jIva ke pariNAmo se ghaTa bhI sakatI hai aura unameM vRddhi bhI ho sakatI hai| jaise yadi dasa hajAra ru. kI rAzi 7/8 varSa ke lie phiksDa kara de to nizcita avadhi ke bAda duganI milegii| hama cAhe to isa phiksDa rAzi kI avadhi bar3hA kara tiganI yA cAra ganI rAzi bhI prApta kara sakate hai| yadi hama cAheM to isa para RNa bhI le sakate haiM aura cAhe to samaya se pUrva hI use samApta kara prApya rAzi kA bhugatAna bhI prApta kara sakate hai| isI prakAra karmo kI sthiti phaladAna zakti meM parivartana hamAre puruSArtha se hotA rahatA hai| Agama kI bhASA meM ise saMkramaNa, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa kahA jAtA hai| saMcita karma meM prAyaH aise parivartana hote rahate haiM para kucha karma isake apavAda

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anekAnta-56/3-4 23 bhI haiM -- jaina darzana ke anusAra karma kI ATha mUla prakRtiyoM meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA yaha kevala uttara prakRtiyoM meM hI hotA hai / " uttara prakRtiyoM meM Ayu karma kI cAra prakRtiyoM kA eka dUsare meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / mohanIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyoM (darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya) kA eka dUsare meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / para inakI uttarA prakRtiyoM kA hotA hai / " udAyAvalikA baMdhAvalikA, utkarSaNAvalikA aura saMkramaNA valikA Adi ko prApta karmaskandhoM meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / arthAt ve karmaskandha jo udaya, bandha, utkarSaNa aura saMkramaNa kI sImA meM jA cuke haiM unakA saMkramaNa nahI hotA / ' karmo kA jisa rUpa meM bandha hotA hai, karma usI rUpa me phalonmukha nahIM hote vartamAna puruSArtha ke AdhAra para unakI sthiti aura zakti meM hInAdhikatA hotI rahatI hai| jo isa prakAra hai apakarSaNa- karmo kI sthiti arthAt baMdhe rahane kA samaya aura anubhAga donoM kI hAni honA apakarSaNa kahalAtA hai / ' karmo kI sthiti kA apakarSaNa hone para karma jitane kAla ke lie baMdha ko prApta hue the unakA vaha kAla pahale se bahuta kama ho jAtA hai / jisa prakAra karmo kI sthiti meM kamI ho jAtI hai usI prakAra anubhAga zakti meM bhI kamI ho jAtI hai tIvratama zaktivAle saMskAra eka kSaNa meM mandatama ho jAte hai / " udAharaNArtha rAjA zreNika ne muni yazodhara ke gale meM sarpa DAlakara sAtaveM naraka kI Ayu kA bandha kiyA thA para zIghra hI unakI bhAvanA meM nirmalatA Ane se sAtave naraka kI sthiti kama hokara pahale naraka kI ho gayI aura Ayu mAtra caurAsI hajAra varSa zeSa raha gayI thI / yaha aisA rahasya hai jisase vartamAna karmo dvArA anAgata ko sudhArA jA sakatA hai aura pUrvasaMcita karmo kA kSaya kiyA ke

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24 anekAnta-56/3-4 jA sakatA hai I utkarSaNa - karmo kI sthiti arthAt baMdhe rahane ke samaya aura anubhAga meM vRddhi ho jAnA utkarSaNa hai / " karmo kI sthiti kA utkarSaNa ho jAne para, karma jitane kAla ke lie baMdha ko prApta hue the, usakA ullaMghana kara adhika samaya taka udaya meM Ate haiN| jaise sthiti meM vRddhi ho jAtI hai usI taraha anubhAga zakti meM bhI vRddhi ho jAtI hai| isase mandanatama zaktivAle saMskAra kSaNabhara meM tIvratama ho jAte haiM / udAraNArtha kisI jIva ne pahale zubha karmo kA bandha kiyA phira usakI bhAvanAe~ aura bhI nirmala ho jAeM to zubhakarmo kI sthiti aura phaladAna zakti bar3ha jAyegI / saMkramaNa - pahale baMdhI karma prakRti kA anya prakRti rUpa pariNamanA saMkramaNa hai / * zrI jinendra varNI ne zabdakoza meM likhA hai- jIva ke pariNAmoM ke vaza meM pUrvabaddha karma prakRti kA badalakara anya rUpa ho jAnA sakramaNa hai / " kusaMgati ke prabhAva se sajjana durjana ho jAte haiM aura satsaMgati ke prabhAva se durjana bhI sajjana ho jAte haiN| yaha sakramaNa hI hai jo abhyAsa ke dvArA vyakti ke svabhAva ko badala detA hai I udIraNA - karmo ke phala bhogane ke kAla ko udaya kahate hai aura bhogane ke kAla se pahale hI apakva karmo ko pakAne kA nAma udIraNA hai / AtmArAma na udIraNA kI vivecanA karate hue likhA hai- jo karma skandha bhaviSya meM udaya meM Ane vAle haiM unheM viziSTa prayatna tapa, parISahasahana, tyAga, dhyAna Adi ke dvArA khIMcakara udaya meM Aye hue karmoM ke skandhoM ke sAtha pahale hI bhoga lenA udIraNA hai / isa prakAra udIraNA meM lambe samaya ke bAda Ane vAle karmo ko pahale hI bhoga liyA jAtA hai / " upazama karmoM ke udaya ko kucha samaya ke lie roka denA upazama kahalAtA

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anekAnta-56/3-4 25 hai||| karma kI isa avasthA meM udaya yA udIraNA saMbhava nahIM hote| jisa prakAra rAkha se AvRta agni, AvRtAvasthA meM apanA vizeSa kArya yahI kara sakatI kintu AvaraNa haTate hI punaH prajvalita hokara apanA kArya karane meM samartha ho jAtI hai usI prakAra upazama avasthA meM rahA karma usa avasthA ke samApta hote hI apanA kArya Arambha kara detA hai yAni udaya meM Akara phala pradAna karanA prArambha kara detA hai| nirmalI ke DAlane se jaise maile pAnI kA maila nIce baiTha jAtA hai aura kucha samaya ke lie svaccha jala Upara A jAtA hai usI taraha karmo kI upazamana avasthA meM pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi ke kAraNa karmo kI zakti anubhUta ho jAtI hai| yadyapi yaha avasthA kSaNika hotI hai parantu isa avasthA kA mokSamArga meM atyanta mahattva hai| kyoMki jitane samaya ke lie karmo kA kSobha zAnta ho jAtA hai utane samaya meM yaha jIvAtmA samatA aura Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai| yaha alpakAlIna Ananda hI use punaH karmo se mukti kI preraNA karatA rahatA hai| zrI jinendra varNI ke anusAra saMskAroM ke upazama se prApta kSaNika Ananda hI vyakti kI sakala pravRttiyoM ko apanI ora unmukha kara letA hai| usakI smRti cita para aMkita ho jAtI hai| eka bAra kisI vastu kA svAda A jAne para jisa prakAra vyakti punaH punaH usakI prApti ke lie lalacAtA rahatA hai aura prayala karatA hai usI taraha upazama se prApta rasonmukhatA use nirantara karmo ko pUrNa kSaya karane aura AtmAbhimukha hone kI ora prayatnazIla banAye rakhatI hai| nidhatti - karmo kI vaha avasthA nidhatti kahalAtI hai jisameM udIraNA aura saMkramaNa kA to sarvathA abhAva hotA hai aura karmoM kA utkarSaNa apakarSaNa saMbhava hotA hai| nikAcita - karma kI usa avasthA kA nAma nikAcanA hai jisameM utkarSaNa apakarSaNa saMkramaNa, udIraNA kA abhAva hotA hai| karmo kI isa avasthA ko niyati kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki isa avasthA meM karmo kA phala usI rUpa meM prApta hotA hai jisa rUpa meM bandha ko prApta huA thaa| isameM icchA, svAtantraya

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anekAnta-56/3-4 yA puruSArtha kA sarvathA abhAva rahatA hai| kisI vizeSa karma kI hI yaha avasthA hotI hai|" uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva jisa rUpa meM karmo kA bandha karatA hai ve usI rUpa meM phaladAyI nahI hote| bandha se udaya taka ke madhyavatIkAla meM vartamAna karmoM ke anusAra pUrvakRta karmoM meM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai azubha dUSita karmoM meM sudhAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura kutsita AcaraNa ke dvArA pUrvakRta karmo ko uttejaka vikRta bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai aura saMvara nirjarA dvArA karmo ko samUla naSTa bhI kiyA jAtA hai| saMdarbha 1 gommaTasAra karmakANDa, 410 2 vahI - 410 3 jena sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa, bhAga-4, pRSTha 119 4 gommaTasAra karmakANDa jIva tattvapradIpikA, gAthA-438 5 karma rahasya, pra 172-173 6 gommaTasAra karmakANDa jIva tattvapradIpikA gAthA-138 7 karma rahasya, pra 172-173 4 gommaTasAra karmakANTa jIva tattvapradIpikA gAthA-438 9 jainendra siddhAnta kopa, bhAga / , pra 82 10. jaina tattva kalikA, chaThI kalikA, pra 180 11 jainendra siddhAnta koSa bhAga / pra 464 12 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4 pra 25 13 karma rahasya, pra 175 14 jaina sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa, bhAga-4, pra 25 15 gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 450 16 jaina sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa, bhAga 4, pra 25 -gaMja bAsodA jilA - vidizA (ma.pra.)

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jaina karma siddhAnta meM 'anekAnta' ___-DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina bhAratIya darzanoM meM karmavAda kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna haiN| dRSTa sAdhanoM meM samAnatA hote hue bhI phala ke tAratamya meM antara parilakSita hotA hai usa hetu ko vedAntI 'avidyA', bauddha 'vAsanA', sAMkhya 'kleza', nyAya-vaizeSika 'adRSTa', mImAMsaka apUrva tathA jaina 'karma' kahate haiN| nyAya darzana ke anusarA 'adRSTa' AtmA kA guNa hai| acche-bure karmo kA AtmA para saMskAra par3atA hai, vaha 'adRSTa' hai| jaba taka usakA phala nahIM mila pAtA, taba taka AtmA ke sAtha rahatA hai, usakA phala Izvara ke mAdhyama se milatA hai| kAraNa ki yadi Izvara karma phala kI vyavasthA na kare to karma niSphala ho jaayeN| sAMkhya karma ko prakRti kA vikAra mAnatA hai| acchI-burI pravRttiyoM kA prakRti para saMskAra par3atA hai| usa prakRtigata saMskAra se hI karmo ke phala milate haiN| bauddhoM ne cittagata vAsanA ko karma mAnA hai|' mImAMsakoM ke anusAra yogAdikriyAoM se utpanna hone vAle apUrva' kA Azraya AtmA hotA hai| vaha apUrva svarga kI aMkurAvasthA hai aura vahI paripAka-kAla meM svargarUpa ho jAtI hai| ___ jainadarzana meM karma siddhAnta kA atyanta sUkSya rUpa se vizada varNana prApta hotA hai| karma kA mukhya artha kriyA hai| kriyA aneka prakAra kI hotI hai| haMsanA, khelanA, uThanA, baiThanA, AnA-jAnA Adi ye saba kriyAyeM hai| kriyA jar3a aura cetana donoM meM pAI jAtI hai| karma kA sambandha AtmA se hai, ataH kevala jar3a kI kriyA yahA~ vivakSita nahIM hai| zuddha jIva niSkriya hai| vaha sadA AkAza meM samAna nirlepa aura bhittI meM utkIrNa kiye gaye citra ke samAna niSkampa rahatA hai| yadyapi jaina darzana meM jar3a, cetana sabhI padArtho ko utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya svabhAva vAlA mAnA gayA hai| yaha svabhAva sabhI zuddha aura azuddha saba padArtho meM pAyA jAtA hai kintu yahA~ kriyA kA artha parispanda liyA hai| parispandAtmaka kriyA saba padArthoM ko nahIM hotii| vaha pudgala aura saMsArI jIva ke hI pAyI

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28 anekAnta-56/3-4 jAtI hai| isalie prakati meM karma kA artha saMsArI jIva kI kriyA liyA gayA hai| bhAva yaha hai ki saMsArI jIva ke prati samaya parispandAtmaka jo bhI kriyA hotI hai vaha karma kahalAtI hai| pravacanasAra ke TIkAkAra amRtacandasUri ne likhA hai-'kriyA khalvAtmanA prApyatvAtkarma, tannimita prApta pariNAmaH pudgalopi karma' arthAt AtmA ke dvArA prApya hone se kriyA ko karma kahate haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka prANI svataMtra hai| sabako samAna rUpa se vikAsa karane kI svataMtratA hai parantu jIvana ke kucha prasaMgoM meM kiMcit asaphalatA prApta hone para hama karma ko doSa dene lagate haiN| "karama gati TAlI nAhi Talai", "vidhi kA vidhAna", "bhavitavyatA amiTa hai", "bhAgyaM phalati sarvatra' ityAdi vAkyoM ke mAdhyama se apane Apa ko nirAza kara jIvana ko duHkhada banAte haiN| hameM karmavAda meM ekAntika mAnyatAoM ko chor3akara anekAnta ke Aloka meM vimarza kI apekSA hai anyathA aneka visaMgatiyoM utpanna ho jaayegii| jaina karmavAda ke kucha pramukha tathyoM para anekAnta ke sandarbha meM hama prakAza DAla rahe haiN| 1. karma kA jIva se kathaMcit anAditva aura sAditva - tattvArtha sUtra meM likhA hai, "anAdi sambandhe ca"6 arthAt ye donoM taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra anAdikAla se jIva ke sAtha haiN| sUtra meM prayukta 'ca' zabda vikalpa artha meM hai| AcArya akalaGka jIva aura karma ke sambandha meM likhate haiM-baMdha santati kI apekSA anAdi sambandha hai aura vizeSataH bIja vRkSa ke samAna sAdi sambaMdha hai| jaisa vRkSa bIja se utpanna hotA hai aura bIja dUsare vRkSa se utpanna hotA hai tathA yaha vRkSa dUsare bIja se utpanna huA thA isa prakAra bIja aura vRkSa kA kArya-kAraNa sambaMdha sAmAnyApekSayA anAdi hai| isa bIja se yaha vRkSa huA aura isa vRkSa se yaha bIja isa vizeSa kI apekSA se sAdi. hai arthAt santati kI dRSTi se bIja vRkSa anAdi hokara bhI tabIja aura tavRkSa kI apekSA sAdi hai| ___ ekAnta se anAdimAn hI svIkAra kara lene para nirnimittaka hone se navIna zarIra ke sambandha kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| jinake siddhAnta meM ekAnta se taijasa,

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anekAnta-56/3-4 kArmaNa zarIra kA anAdi sambaMdha hai-unake siddhAnta meM pUrva meM hI AtyantikI zuddhi ko dhAraNa karane vAle jIva ke nUtana zarIra kA sambandha hI nahIM ho sakegA-kyoMki zarIra ke sambandha kA koI nimitta hI nahIM hai| yadi ekAnta se nirnimittaka Adi sambaMdha mAnA jAyegA to muktAtmA ke abhAva kA prasaMga AyegA-kyoMki jaise Adi zarIra akasmAt sambaMdha ko prApta hotA hai vaise hI muktAtmA ke bhI Akasmika zarIra sambaMdha hogA isalie muktAtmA ke abhAva kA prasaMga aayegaa| tathA ekAnta se sarvathA taijasa, kArmaNa zarIra ko anAdi mAneMge to bhI anirmokSa kA prasaMga AyegA kyoMki jo anAdi hai-usakA AkAza ke samAna anta bhI nahIM hogA, kArya-kAraNa ke sambadha kA abhAva hone se mokSa kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| yadi kaho ki anAdi bIja vRkSa kI santAna kA agni se sambandha hone para anta dekhA jAtA hai usI prakAra taijasa kArmaNa zarIra kA bhI anta ho jAyegA-taba to ekAnta se anAditva kA abhAva hogaa| bIja vRkSa vizeSapekSayA anAdimAn hai ataH jaisa bIja-vRkSa kI santati agni se naSTa ho jAtI hai-vaise hI kArmaNa zarIra bhI dhyAna agni se naSTa ho jAtA hai isalie sAdhUkta hai ki kisI prakAra se ve anAdi haiM aura kathaMcit sAdi haiN|' 2. mUrta karma kA amUrtika AtmA se baMdha meM anekAnta - jaina darzana meM karma ko paudgAlika mAnA hai| mUrta karmo kA amUrta AtmA se baMdha kaise hotA hai isa prazna kA samAdhAna jainAcAryoM ne anekAntAtmaka zailI meM diyA hai| jaina tatva vyavasthA meM saMsArI AtmA ko AkAza kI taraha sarvathA amUrta nahIM mAnA gayA hai| use anAdi bandhana baddha hone ke kAraNa mUrtika bhI mAnA gayA hai| baMdha paryAya meM ekatva hone ke kAraNa AtmA ko mUrtika mAnakara bhI vaha apane jJAna Adi svabhAva kA parityAga nahIM karatA, isa apekSA se use amUrtika kahA gayA hai| isI kAraNa anAdi bandhana baddhatA hone se usakA mUrta karmo ke sAtha baMdha ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra ghRta mUlataH dUdha meM utpanna hotA hai, parantu eka bAra ghI bana

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30 anekAnta-56/3-4 jAne ke bAda use punaH dUdha meM pariNata karanA asaMbhava hai athavA jisa prakAra svarNa nAmaka padArtha mUlataH pASANa meM pAyA jAtA hai parantu eka bAra svarNa bana jAne para use kiTTimA ke sAtha milA pAnA asaMbhava hai| usI prakAra jIva bhI sadA hI mUlataH karma baddha (sazarIrI) upalabdha hotA hai, parantu eka bAra karmo se sambandha chUTa jAne para punaH isakA zarIra ke sAtha sambandha ho pAnA asaMbhava hai| jIva mUlataH amUrtika yA karma rahita nahIM hai, balki karmo se saMyukta rahane ke kAraNa vaha apane svabhAva se cyuta upalabdha hotA hai| isa kAraNa AtmA mUlataH amUrtika na hokara kathaMcit mUrtika hai| aisA svIkAra kara lene para usakA mUrta karmoM ke sAtha baMdha ho jAnA, virodha ko prApta nahIM hotaa| itanA avazya hai ki eka bAra mukta ho jAne para vaha sarvathA amUrtika ho jAtA hai, aura taba karma ke sAtha usake baMdha hone kA prazna hI nahI utpanna hotA hai|' 3. bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma meM kathaMcit bhinnAbhinnatA- AcArya vidyAnandi ne karma ke bhedoM ke sambandha meM likhA hai karmANi dvividhAnyatra drvymaavviklptH| dravyakarmANi jIvasya pudgalAtmAnyanekadhA / / bhAvakarmANi caitanya vivartAtmAni bhAnti nuH / krodhAdIni svavedyAni kthnycidbhedtH|| arthAt karma do prakAra ke haiM-1. dravyakarma, 2. bhAvakarma / jIva ke do dravya karma haiM, ve paudgalika haiM aura unake aneka bheda haiM tathA jo bhAva karma haiM ve AtmA ke caitanyapariNAmAtmaka haiM kyoMki kathaJcit abhinna rUpa se svasaMvedya pratIta hotA haiM aura ve krodhAdi rUpa hai| dravya-karma ke sambandha meM AcArya akalaMkadeva ne likhA hai-'yathA bhAjana vizeSe prakSiptAnAM vividharasabIjapuSpaphalAnAM madirA bhAvena pariNAmaH tathA pudgalAnAmapi Atmani sthitAnAM yogakaSAyavazAt karma bhAvena pariNAmo veditvyH'|" jisa prakAra pAtra vizeSa meM rakhe gaye aneka rasa vAle bIja, puSpa tathA phaloM

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anekAnta-56/3-4 31 kA madya rUpa meM pariNamana hotA hai, usI prakAra AtmA meM sthita padgaloM kA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha rUpa kaSAyoM tathA mana, vacana, kAya ke nimitta se Atma-pradezoM ke parispandana rUpa yoga ke kAraNa karma rUpa pariNamana hotA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne likhA hai ki bhAva-karma dravya-karmo ko prabhAvita karate haiM aura dravya-karma bhAva-karma ko prabhAvita karate haiN| donoM kI eka aisI sandhi hai ki donoM eka-dUsare ko jIvanI zakti pradAna kara rahe haiN| bhAvakarma ke dvArA dravyakarma kA AkarSaNa hotA hai| bhAvakarma hai-jaivika rAAyanika prkriyaa| jIva meM hone vAlI rAsAyanika prakriyA aura dravyakarma sUkSma zarIra kI rAsAyanika prakriyA hai| eka jaivika hai aura eka paudglik| donoM meM sambandha sthApita hotA hai| dono prakiyAeM eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| jaivika gasAyanika prakriyA ke sAtha sUkSma zarIra kI rAsAyanika prakriyA kA yoga hai| sUkSma zarIra kI rasAyanaka prakriyA ke sAtha jaivika rAsAnika prakriyA kA yoga hai isIlie sambandha sthApita hotA hai| yadi donoM ke sambandha na ho to vaha eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita nahIM kara skte| rasAyana do prakAra ke hote haiMbAharI rasAyana aura bhItarI rsaayn| donoM prakAra ke rasAyana AdamI ke vyavahAra aura AcaraNa ko prabhAvita karate haiN| karma kI dRSTi se bhAva aura dravya karma samAna haiM parantu bhAvakarma kathaJcit Atmika haiM aura dravya karma kathaJcit paudrgaalk| inameM kArya-kAraNa bhAva hai| bhAvakarma dravyakarma kA kAraNa hai aura dravyakarma bhAvakarma kA kAraNa hai| 4. karmabandha meM ekAnekAtmakatA - karma ke paramANu apane Apa vyakti ke sAtha sambandha sthApita nahIM krte| jIva apanI pravRtti ke dvArA karma paramANu skandhoM ko AkarSita karatA hai, apane sAtha sambandha sthApita karatA hai aura vaha sambandha bahuta gaharA ho jAtA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne likhA hai jIvapariNAmahedu kammattaM puggalA prinnmNti| puggalakammaNimitaM taheva jIvo vi prinnmi||

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22 anekAnta-56/3-4 jIva mithyAtva Adi pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara pudgalo kA karmarUpa pariNamana karatA hai aura pudgala karma ke nimitta se jIva bhI mithyAtva Adi rUpa pariNamatA hai| 'tattvArthasUtra' meM baMdha ko paribhASita karate hue likhA haisakaSAyatvAt jIvaH karmaNo yogyAna pudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH' / " arthAt jIva sakaSAya hone se karma yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai, yahI bandha hai| bandha do prakAra kA hai-eka bhAva bandha aura dUsarA dravya-bandha / jisa rAga, dveSa aura moha Adi vikArI bhAvoM se karma kA bandhana hotA hai una bhAvoM ko bhAva-bandha kahate haiN| karma-pudgaloM kA Atma pradezoM se sambandha honA dravya bandha haiN| bhAva bandha-nokarma bandha aura karma bandha ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| mAtA-pitA-putra Adi kA sneha sambandha nokarma hai| jo karma bandha hai usako punarbhavika karma bandha santati kA sadbhAva hone se sAdi, sAnta aura pUrNatayA nAza na hone se anAdi ananta jAnanA cAhie kyoMki bIja aura akura ke samAna isake prAdurbhAva kI santAna calatI rahatI hai| karma bandha ke cAra bheda bhI batAye gaye haiM-prakRti bandha, sthiti bandha, anubhAga bandha aura pradeza bndh| AcArya siddhasena ne likhA hai kamma joga NimittaM bajjhai baMdhaTThii ksaayvsaa| apariNaucchiNNesu ya baMdhaTThii kAraNaM nntthi||" mana, vacana aura zarIra ke vyApAra se utpanna AtmA ke pradezoM meM halana-calana rUpa yoga se karma grahaNa kiye jAte haiM tathA krodha, ahaMkAra, mAyA aura lobha rUpa kaSAya se bandha kI sthiti nirmita hotI hai| parantu upazAnta kaSAya tathA kSINa kaSAya (gyArahaveM, bArahaveM guNasthAna meM) kI avasthA meM karmabandha kI sthiti kA koI kAraNa vidyamAna nahIM rhtaa|

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anekAnta-56/3-4 33 baMdha sAmAnya kI apekSA samAnatA hote hae bhI vizeSa kI apekSA se inameM antara hai| kaSAya ke yoga se sthiti aura anubhAga bandha tathA yoga se prakRti aura pradeza bndh| bandha ke eka se lekara saMkhyAta taka bheda hote haiN| unameM sAmAnya se karma bandha eka hai| vizeSoM kI apekSA nahIM hone se senA aura vana ke smaan| jaise sainika, hAthI, ghor3A Adi bhedoM kI vivakSA na hone se samudAya kI apekSA senA eka kahI jAtI hai, azoka, tilaka, bakula Adi vRkSoM kI bheda vivakSA na hone se sAmAnyatayA vana eka kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra bhedoM kI vivakSA na karane para sAmAnyatayA karma baMdha eka hI prakAra kA hai| usI prakAra puNya aura pApa ke bheda se karma bandha bhI do prakAra kA hai| anAdi-sAnta, anAdi-ananta aura sAdi-sAnta ke bheda se karmabandha tIna prakAra kA hai| prakRti, sthiti, anubhava aura pradeza ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai| pRthvI Adi chaha kAya ke jIvoM ke bheda se chaha prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| rAga, dveSa, moha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha rUpa kAraNa ke bheda se bandha sAta prakAra kI vRtti kA bhI anubhava karatA hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya-ATha prakAra ke karmo ke vikalpa saMkhyAta vikalpa haiM, kyoMki karma zabda ke vAcaka zabda saMkhyAta hI haiN| vikalpa kI apekSA asaMkhyAta haiN| anantAnanta pradeza skandha ke pariNamana vidhi kI apekSA karmabandha ananta hai|" 5. puNya tathA pApa kathaMcit sadRza hai, kathaMcit asadRza- AcArya kundakunda ne likhA hai, jaise sone se nirmita ber3I ho cAhe lohe kI, donoM hI taraha kI ber3iyA~ puruSa ko sAdhAraNa rUpa se jakar3a kara rakhatI haiN| isI prakAra cAhe zubha karma ho yA azubha karma vaha sAdhAraNa rUpa se jIva ko saMsAra meM rakhatA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ke anusAra jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai yA jisase AtmA pavitra hotI hai vaha puNya hai, jaise sAtAvedanIya Adi tathA jo AtmA ko zubha se bacAtA hai vaha pApa hai, jaise asAtAvedanIya aadi|

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anekAnta-56/3-4 puNya do prakAra kA hai- eka jIva puNya , dUsarA ajIva puNya / jo jIva puNya-bhAva arthAt zubha-bhAva se yukta ho vaha jIva puNya hai| jo pudgala puNya bhAva se yukta ho vaha ajIva puNya hai| puNya kA paryAyavAcI zubha bhI hai| isalie puNya bhAva ko zubha bhAva bhI kahate haiN| jIva tIna prakAra ke haiM- 1. bahirAtmA, 2. antarAtmA, 3. prmaatmaa| mithyAdRSTi bahirAtmA hai| chadmastha samyagdRSTi antarAtmA hai| arahanta aura siddha paramAtmA haiN| inameM se bahirAtmA pApa jIva haiN| antarAtmA puNya jIva haiN| paramAtmA puNya-pApa se rahita haiN| 'mokSa pAhuDa' meM likhA hai-vrata aura tapa rUpa zubha bhAvoM se (puNya bhAvoM se) svarga prApta honA uttama hai tathA avrata aura atapa (azubha bhAva, pApa bhAva) se naraka meM duHkha prApta honA ThIka nahIM hai, vaise hI vrata (zubha) aura avrata (azubha) pAlane vAloM meM mahAn antara hai|| puNya aura pApa donoM hI bhAva vibhAva haiM, AtmA ke caritra guNa kI vikArI paryAyeM haiM, ataH vikAra-vibhAva kI apekSA donoM meM sAmya hai| jaise cAhe lohe kI ber3I ho yA sone kI ber3I para hai to ber3I hii| isalie donoM sadRza haiN| isI taraha puNya tathA pApa rUpa dravya karma bhI AtmA se paratva kI apekSA samAna haiN| karma to paradravya hI hai, cAhe pApa karma ho yA puNya karma, para haiM to kArmaNa vargaNA kI paryAya hii| isa taraha puNya-pApa kathaMcit sadRza haiM, kyoMki donoM hI saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM parantu inake phala meM bhinnatA dekhI jAtI hai ataH kathaMcit bhinnatA hai| AcArya akalaMka ke anusAra puNya-pApa ko sarvathA eka rUpa kahanA upayukta nahIM hai kyoMki sone yA lohe kI ber3I kI taraha donoM hI AtmA kI parataMtratA ke kAraNa haiM tathApi iSTa phala aura aniSTa phala meM nimitta se puNya aura pApa meM bheda hai| jo iSTa gati, jAti, zarIra, indriyoM ke viSaya Adi kA nivarttaka kAraNa hai yaha puNya hai tathA aniSTa gati, jAti, zarIra indriyoM ke viSaya Adi pApa haiN| inameM zubha yoga puNyAsava kA kAraNa hai aura azubha yoga

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anekAnta-56/3-4 35 pApa Asrava kaa| ___ AcArya amitagati ne likhA hai jo mUr3ha puNya-pApa donoM ke vizeSa bheda ko athavA donoM meM avizeSa-abheda ko nahIM jAnatA vaha cAritra se paribhraSTa hai aura saMsAra kA parivarddhaka hai, bhava-bhramaNa karane vAlA dIrgha saMsArI hai| 6. karmasiddhAnta meM paMca samavAya kI mAnyatA - jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta ke antargata kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma aura puruSArtha-ina pAMca samavAya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyataH niyama yaha hai ki pratyeka kArya kI utpatti meM ye pAMca kAraNa niyama se hote haiN| svabhAva se dravya kI svazakti yA nitya upAdAna liyA gayA hai| puruSArtha se jIva kA bala vIrya liyA gayA hai| kAla se svakAla aura parakAla kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, niyati se samartha upAdAna yA nizcaya kI mukhyatA dikhalAI gaI hai aura karma se bAhya nimitta kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| aSTa sahasrI, (pR. 257) meM bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ne eka zloka likhA hai tAdRzI jAyate buddhirvyavasAyazca taadRshH| sahAyAstAdRzAH santi yAdRzI bhvitvytaa|| jisa jIva kI jaisI bhavitavyatA (honahAra) hotI hai usakI vaisI hI buddhi ho jAtI hai| vaha prayatna bhI usI prakAra kA karane lagatA hai aura use sahAyaka bhI usI ke anusAra mila jAte haiN| __ bhavitavyatA kyA hai? jIva kI samartha upAdAna zakti nAma hI to bhavitavyatA hai| bhavitavyatA kI vyutpatti hai-'bhavituma yogyaM bhavitavyama, tasya bhAvaH bhvitvytaa|' jo hone yogya ho use bhavitavya kahate haiM aura usakA bhAva bhavitavyatA kahalAtI hai| jise hama yogyatA kahate haiM usI kA nAma bhavitavyatA hai| dravya kI samartha upAdAna zakti kArya rUpa se pariNata hone ke yogya hotI hai isalie samartha upAdAna zakti bhavitavyatA yA yogyatA zabda dvArA abhihita

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anekAnta-56/3-4 kiyA gayA hai so prakaraNa ke anusAra ukta artha karane meM bhI koI Apatti nahIM hai, kyoMki bhavitavyatA se ukta donoM artha sUcita hote haiN| ukta zloka meM bhavitavyatA ko pramukhatA dI gayI hai aura sAtha meM vyavasAya puruSArtha tathA anya sahAyaka sAmagrI ko bhI sUcita kiyA gayA hai so isa kathana dvArA ukta pAMcoM kAraNoM kA samavAya hone para kArya kI siddhi hotI hai, yahI sUcita hotA hai, kyoMki svakAla upAdAna kI vizeSatA hone se bhavitavyatA meM garbhita haiM hii| yahA~ bhavitavyatA ke prasaMga meM puruSArtha kA bhI vicAra kara lenA caahie| kAryotpatti meM bhavitavyatA antaraMga (upAdAna) kAraNa hai aura puruSArtha bahiraMga (nimitta) kAraNa hai| kisI bhI kArya kI utpatti donoM kAraNoM se hotI hai| anekAntavAdI jainadarzana meM deva aura puruSArtha donoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| deva aura puruSArtha ke sambandha meM AptamImAMsA meM likhA hai abuddhipUrvApekSAyAmiSTAniSTaM svdaivtH| buddhipUrvavyape kSAyAmiSTAniSTaM svapauruSAt / / jo iSTa yA aniSTa kArya abuddhipUrvaka ghaTita ho jAtA hai use apane daivakRta samajhanA caahie| yahA~ pauruSa gauNa hai aura deva pradhAna hai aura jo iSTa yA aniSTa kArya buddhipUrvaka ghaTita hotA hai use apane pauruSakRta samajhanA caahie| yahA~ daiva gauNa hai aura pauruSa pradhAna hai| isa viSaya meM AcArya akalaMkadeva ne 'aSTazatI' meM likhA hai-yogyatA karma pUrvaM vA daivmubhydRssttm| pauruSaM punarihaceSTitaM dRssttm| tAbhyAmartha siddhiH| tdnytraapaaye'ghttnaat| ___ arthAt yogyatA athavA pUrva karma daiva kahalAte haiN| ye donoM adRSTa haiM tathA isa janma meM kiye gaye puruSa vyApAra ko pauruSa kahate haiN| yaha dRSTa hotA hai| ina donoM se artha kI siddhi hotI hai aura ina donoM meM se nijI eka ke abhAva meM artha kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| - AcArya mahAprajJa ne likhA hai ki kAla; svabhAva, niyati, purAkRta (hamArA kiyA huA) aura puruSArtha-ye pAMca tattva haiN| inheM samavAya kahA jAtA hai| ye

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anekAnta-56/3-4 37 pAMcoM sApekSa haiN| yadi kisI eka ko pradhAnatA deMge to samasyAe~ khar3I ho jaayeNgii| kAla prakRti kA eka tattva hai| pratyeka padArtha kA svabhAva apanA-apanA hotA hai| niyati sArvabhauma niyama hai, jAgatika niyama hai| yaha saba para samAna rUpa se lAgU hotA hai| manasA, vAcA, karmaNA, jAne-anajAne, sthUla yA sUkSma pravRtti ke dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sArA kA sArA aMkita hotA hai| jo purAkRta kiyA gayA hai, usakA aMkana aura pratibimba hotA hai| pratyeka kriyA aMkita hotI hai aura usakI pratikriyA bhI hotI hai| kriyA aura pratikriyA kA siddhAnta karma kI kriyA aura pratikriyA kA siddhAnta hai| karo, usakI pratikriyA hogii| gahare kaeNe meM boleMge to usakI pratidhvani avazya hogii| dhvani kI pratidhvani hotI hai| bimba kA pratibimba hotA hai| kriyA kI pratikriyA hotI hai| yaha siddhAnta hai duniyA kaa| pratyeka vyakti kI pravRtti kA pariNAma hotA hai aura usakI pravRtti hotI hai| karma apanA kiyA huA hotA hai| karma kA kartA svayaM vyakti hai aura pariNAma usakI kRti hai| yaha pratikriyA ke rUpa meM sAmane AtI hai| isalie ise kahA jAtA hai-puraakRt| isakA artha hai pahale kiyA huaa| pA~cavA tattva hai-purussaarth| karma aura puruSArtha do nahIM, eka hI haiN| eka hI tattva ke do bhAga haiN| inameM antara itanA hai ki vartamAna kA puruSArtha 'puruSArtha' kahalAtA hai aura atIta kA puruSArtha karma kahalAtA hai| karma puruSArtha ke dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai, kartatva ke dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai| AdamI puruSArtha karatA hai| puruSArtha karane kA prathama kSaNa puruSArtha kahalAtA hai aura usa kSaNa ke bIta jAne para vahI puruSArtha karma nAma se abhihita hotA hai| ye pA~ca tattva haiM, pA~coM sApekSa haiN| sarvazaktimAna eka bhI nhiiN| sabakI zaktiyAM sImita haiM, sApekSa haiN| isI Adhara para hama kaha sakate haiM ki hama svataMtra bhI haiM aura parataMtra bhI haiN|" 7. kathaMcit karma kA kArya nimitta juTAnA "hai" kathaMcit "nahIM hai"- hamAre karmo kA bAharI sAmagrI tathA dUsare prANI para asara par3atA bhI hai aura nahIM bhI, aisA anekAnta hai ekAntataH niyama nahIM hai| hamArA karmodaya nimitta mAtra hotA hai, jaise paNDita daulatarAma ne kahA hai-"bhavi bhAgana vaca

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anekAnta-56/3-4 joge vazAya, tuma dhuni hai suni vibhrama nazAya" yahA~ bhavya jIvoM kA bhAgya dhvani ke khirane meM nimitta huA aura vacana yoga se nikalI vacana-vargaNAe~ bhavya jIvoM ke bhrama dUra karane meM kAraNa huii| cakravartI gaNadharAdi kI zaMkA ke nimitta se bhI bhagavAn kI vANI khira jAtI hai| isa prakAra aneka nimitta-naimittika sambandha haiN| manuSya svayaM khoTA yA acchA apane karmodaya yA vicAroM se hotA hai kintu usakI saMgati kA dUsaroM para bhI asara par3atA hai| kahA bhI hai-"jaba lau nahIM ziva lahU~, taba lauM dehu yaha dhana paavnaa| satasaMga suddhAcaraNa zruta abhyAsa Atama bhaavnaa|" yahAM para sarvaprathama satsaMga pAne kI bhAvanA hai| pradyumna-caritra meM yaha kathana hai ki jo duHkha-dAyaka sAmagrI thI vahI sAmagrI puNyodaya ke kAraNa sukha ko utpanna karAne vAlI ho gii| sAsa ne ghar3e meM sarpa DAlA, kintu puNyodaya se vaha sarpa phUlamAlA bana gyaa| ina saba kathanoM se spaSTa hai ki puNya karma ke nimitta (kAraNa) se bAhya sAmagrI juTa jAtI hai| isa prakAra karma kA kArya nimitta juTAnA hai| kvacit nahIM juTAnA bhI hai, ekAntataH kucha niyama nahIM haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama tathA mokSamArgaprakAzaka meM kahA hai ki sAtAvedanIya karmodaya se bAhya sAmagrI milatI hai| para sarva karma udita hokara bAhya sAmagrI juTAne meM hetu hote hI haiM, aisA ekAnta nahIM hai| kathaMcit karma jIva svabhAva kA parAbhava karate haiM, kathaMcit nahIM karateyadi svataH, akAraNa, svayaM ke kAraNa se hI jIva ke svabhAva kA parAbhava hotA hai to vaha siddhoM meM bhI honA caahie| kyoMki kAraNa to kucha milAnA hI nahIM par3a rahA hai ataH siddha hai ki karma jIva svabhAva kA parAbhava karate haiN| pravacanasAra meM kahA bhI hai, jaise jyoti (lau) ke svabhAva ke dvArA taila ke svabhAva kA parAbhava karake kiyA jAne vAlA dIpaka jyoti kA kArya hai, usI prakAra karma svabhAva ke dvArA jIva ke svabhAva kA parAbhava karake kI jAne vAlI manuSyAdi paryAya karma ke kArya haiN|29 paramAtma-prakAza meM bhI isI sandarbha meM kahA hai-"dukkhu vi sukkhu vi bahu vihau, jIvahaM kammu jaNei', arthAt jIva ke aneka taraha se sukha aura duHkha ko karma hI upajAtA hai| isa prakAra karma anAdi se jIva svabhAva kA parAbhava kara rahe haiM yaha kathaMcit satya hai| parantu ye hI karma

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anekAnta-56/3-4 ansaraMga kAraNa banakara jIva svabhAva kA parAbhava nahIM karate, isa dRSTi se kathaMcita parAbhava nahIM bhI karate haiM athavA siddhoM ke svabhAva kA parAbhava karma nahIM kara skte| isa dRSTi se bhI kathaMcit jIva svabhAva kA parAbhava karma nahIM bhI krte| jJAniyoM kA vilAsa hI vicitra hai| anekAntavAda meM kisI ko bhI bolane kA maukA nahIM miltaa| 8. karma kathaMcit naSTa hote haiM, kathaMcita naSTa nahIM hote - aSTa karma naSTa kiye binA mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotii| isa siddhAnta vacana se jAnA jAtA hai ki karma naSTa hote haiM, kyoMki aneka paramAtmAoM ne karma naSTa kara mokSa prApta kiyA hI hai| kathaMcit karma naSTa nahIM hote| isa kathana kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki sakala karma paryAya kA vinAza hone para bhI karma dravya kA vinAza nahIM hotaa| vaha karma dravya akarma paryAya rUpa pariNamana kara jAtA hai arthAt pudgala dravya vargaNAe~ hI AtmA ke rAgAdi bhAva kA Azraya lekara karmarUpa pariNamana kara jAtI haiM aura AtmA ko parataMtra banA detI haiN| kadAcit usa AtmA se alaga hokara karmatva avasthA ko chor3akara punaH akarma pudgala rUpa ho jAtI hai, jaise ki maNi se mala dravya kA malAtmaka paryAya rUpa se vinAza ho jAne para bhI amalAtmaka (anya pudgala) paryAya rUpa se pariNamana ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha siddha huA ki kathaMcit (arthAt paryAya kI apekSA karma naSTa hote haiM, kathaMcit dravyapana kI apekSA) karma naSTa nahIM hote haiN| karma siddhAnta kA samyagdarzana - jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka jIva svatantra hai aura vaha svayaM apane bhAgya kA vidhAtA hai| apane karma kA kartA aura usake phala kA bhoktA bhI vahI hai kintu anAdi se karma paratantra hone ke kAraNa vaha apane svabhAva ko bhUlA huA hai| isa kAraNa vaha kisI Apatti ke Ane para 'karama gati TAlI nAhi Talau, vidhi kA vidhAna aisA hI hai, 'bhavitavyatA durnivAra hai' ityAdi vAkyoM kA prayoga karatA hai| yaha to vahI huA ki jaba jaina-darzana ne Izvara kI dAsatA se mukti dilAI to karma kI dAsatA svIkAra kara lii| yathArtha meM karma kI gati aTala nahIM hai| use hama apane puruSArtha se TAla sakate haiN| udIraNA, saMkramaNa, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa Adi karma kI

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anekAnta-56/3-4 vividha avasthAaiM hamAre puruSArtha ke adhIna haiM ataH karma kA samyag darzana karake hameM anukUla satpuruSArtha meM laga jAnA caahie| AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ne likhA hai- 'anekAnta korA darzana nahIM hai, yaha sAdhanA hai| ekAMgI Agraha rAga aura dveSa se prerita hotA hai| rAga-dveSa kSINa karane kA prayatna kiye binA ekAMgI Agraha yA pakSapAtapUrNa dRSTikoNa se mukti nahIM pAyI jA sktii| jaise-jaise anekAnta dRSTi vikasita hotI hai, vaise-vaise rAga-dveSa kSINa hotA hai| jainadarzana ne rAga-dveSa kSINa karane ke lie anekAnta dRSTi prastuta kii| isI Aloka meM Aja sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjanaitika kSetroM meM rAga-dveSa ko naSTa kara anekAnta ko apanAne kI AvazyakatA hai| jaina darzana kA karmavAda Aja aneka samasyAoM se nijAta dilAne meM samartha hai|' sandarbha 1 nyAya sUtra 4/1 Izvara. kAraNa puruSakarmAphalasya darzanAt, 2 sAkhya sUtra 5/25 anta karaNadharmatva dharmAdInAm, 1 abhidharma koSa 4:1 karmaja lokavaicitrya cetanA mAnasa ca tat, 4 nyAyamaJjarI, pR 279, 5 pravacanasAra kI TIkA, pR 165, 6 tattvArthasUtra, 2/41, 7 AcArya akalaka tattvArthavArtika, prathama bhAga, pR 404-405, 8 dravyasagraha gAthA-7, 9 karma siddhAnta 38, 10 Apta parIkSA 113,114, 11 tattvArthavArtika 8/2 kI TIkA, dvitIya bhAga, pR 450, 12 AcArya mahAprajJa karmavAda, pR 28, 13 samayasAra 80, 14 tattvArthasUtra 8/2, 15 vahI 8/3, 16 sanmati tarka 1/19, 17 AcArya akalaka-tattvArthavArtikam, dvitIya bhAga, pR 461, 18 sauvANiya pi Niyala badhadi kAlAyasa pi jaha purisN| badi'eva jIva suhamasuha vA kada kmm|| --samayasAra 153 19 punAtmAtmAna pUyate'neneti vA punnym| tatsad vedyaadi| pAti rakSati AtmAna zubhAditi aap| ttsdvedyaadi| savArthasiddhi, pR 245, 20. "jIvidare kammacape puNNa pAvotti hodi puNNa tu"| gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa gAthA 643 21 vara vayatevahi saggo mA dukkha hou NiraI iyarehi chAyAtavaTThiyANa paDivAlatANa gurubhey|| mokSapAhuDa gAthA 25 22 tattvArthavArtika dvitIya bhAga, pR 254, 23 ya puNyapApayormUDho vizeSaM naavbudhyte| sa caritra paribhraSTa sasAra privrdhkaa.|| -yogasAra prAbhRta 3/37 24 kAlo sahAva NiyaI, puvakaya kaarnnegNtaa| micchatta te ceva u samAsamo hoti smmtt|| -sanmati prakaraNa 3/53 25 pa phUlacanda siddhAnta zAstrI, abhinandana grantha, pR 212, 26. AptamImAsA-91,

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anekAnta-56/3-4 41 27. AcArya mahAprajJa karmavAda, pR 130, 28 dhavala 6/36, dhavalA 13, mokSamArga prakAzaka 2/36 29. yathA khalu jyoti svabhAvenatailasvabhAvamamibhUya kriyamANa pradIpo jyoti kArya tathA karmasvabhAvena jIva svabhAvabhimUya kriyamANA manuSyAdiparyAyA kaarym|| 117 ---pravacanasAra TIkA A amRtacanda 30 aSTasahastrI-prathama pariccheda 141 / 31. AcArya mahAprajJa jainadarzana, manana aura mImAsA-prastuti, pR 4 / sandarbha graMtha-sUcI 1 AcArya kundakunda-samayasAra, pravacanasAra prakAzaka-parama zruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa 2 AcArya umAsvAmi-tattvArthasUtra, prakAzaka- gaNeza varNI zodha sasthAna, vArANasI 3 AcArya akalaka-tattvArthavArtika-prathama eva dvitIya bhAga, prakAzaka-dulIcanda, pradIpakumAra, yUnivarsala, ejensIja, deragAva (AsAma) AcArya nemicandra-dravyasaMgraha, prakAzaka-paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, AgAsa AcArya vidyAnandi-Apta parIkSA, prakAzaka-a bhA anekAnta vidvata pariSad 6 Acorya mahAprajJa-karmavAda, prakAzaka-Adarza sAhitya, sagha, cUrU (rAjasthAna) 7 sanmati tarka-sampAdaka-pa devendra kumAra zAstrI, prakAzaka -jJAnodaya graMtha prakAzana, nImaca (ma pra) 8 AcArya pUjyapAda-sarvArthasiddhi, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 9 AcArya nemicanda-gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, prakAzaka--paramazruta maNDala, agAsa 10 AcArya amitagati-yogasAra prAbhRta, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 11 AcArya samantabhadra-AptamImAsA,' prakAzaka-gaNezavaNI zodha-sasthAna, vArANasI 12 AcArya vidyAnandi-aSTasahastrI, prakAzaka-jJAnodaya granthamAlA, hastinApura (meraTha) 13 AcArya mahAprajJa-jainadarzana, manana aura mImAsA, prakAzaka-Adarza sAhitya sagha, cUrU vibhAgAdhyakSa jaina vidyA evaM tulanAtmaka dharma darzana vibhAga, jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) lADanUM-341306 (rAja.)

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naiSThika zrAvaka : eka anucintana -DaoN. jayakumAra jaina zrAvaka zabda kA artha - zrAvaka zabda kA sAmAnya artha zrotA yA sunane vAlA hai| jo jinendra bhagavAna ke vacanoM ko evaM unake anuyAyI gurUoM ke upadeza ko zraddhApUrvaka sAvadhAnI se sunatA hai, vaha zrAvaka hai| kahA bhI gayA hai "avAptadRSTyAdivizuddhasampat paraM samAcAramanuprabhAtam / zRNoti yaH sAdhujanAdatandrastaM zrAvakaM prAhuramI jinendrAH / / " / arthAt samyagdarzana Adi vizaddha sampatti ko prApta jo vyakti prAtaHkAla se hI sAdhujana se unakI samAcAra vidhi ko Alasya rahita hokara sunatA hai, jinendra bhagavAnoM ne use zrAvaka kahA hai| zrAvaka zabda kI eka nirukti bhI prApta hotI hai, jisameM zra, va aura ka varNo ko kramazaH zraddhA, viveka aura kriyA kA pratIka mAnakara zraddhAvAn vivekazIla evaM aNuvratI gRhastha ko zrAvaka kahA gayA hai| yathA "zranti pacanti tattvArthazraddhAnaM niSThAM nayantIti zrAH, tathA vapanti guNavatsaptakSetreSu dhanabIjAni nikSipantIti vAH, tathA kiranti kliSTakarmarajo vikSipantIti kAH, tataH karmadhAraye zrAvakA iti bhvit|" arthAt zrAvaka zabda meM prayukta 'zrA' zabda tattvArthazraddhAna kI sUcanA detA hai, 'va' zabda sapta dharma kSetroM meM dhana rUpI bIjoM ko bone kI preraNA karatA hai aura 'ka' zabada kliSTa karma yA mahAn pApoM ko dUra karane kI sUcanA detA hai| isa prakAra se karmadhAraya samAsa karane para nirukti ke rUpa meM zrAvaka zabda niSpanna ho jAtA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne isI niruktayartha kA pallavana adholikhita zloka meM isa prakAra kiyA hai "zraddhAlutAM zrAti zrRNoti zAsanaM dIne vapedAzu vRNoti drshnm| kRtatvapuNyAni karoti saMyamaM taM zrAvakaM prAhuramI vickssnnH||"

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anekAnta-56/3-4 43 abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo zraddhAlu jaina zAsana ko sunatA hai, dIna janoM meM artha ko turanta pradAna karatA hai evaM samyagdarzana kA varaNa karatA hai tathA sukRta evaM puNya karake saMyama kA AcaraNa karatA hai, catura loga use zrAvaka kahate haiN| zrAvaka ke lie prayukta paryAyavAcI - vratI gRhastha ko zrAvaka zabda ke atirikta vividha zrAvakAcAroM meM upAsaka, sAgAra (AgArI), dezasaMyamI (deza viratI/aNuvratI) Adi nAmoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| ratna-karaNDazrAvakAcAra meM zrAvaka ko mokSamArgastha gRhastha kahakara nirmohI hone kI dazA meM use mohI muni se bhI zreSTha mAnA gayA hai gRhastho mokSamArgastho nirmoho naiva mohvaan| anagAro gRhI zreyAn nirmoho mohino muneH||' sAmAnyataH upAsaka, sAgAra aura dezasaMyamI zabda paryAyavAcI mAne gaye haiM, tathApi yogArtha kI dRSTi se ina zabdoM meM apanA-apanA vaiziSTya chipA hai| jo apane abhISTa deva evaM guru kI upAsanA karatA hai, vaiyAvRtti aura ArAdhanA karatA hai vaha upAsaka kahalAtA hai| gRhastha vyakti vItarAga deva kI ArAdhanA karatA hai evaM nirgrantha gurUoM kI vaiyAvRtti karatA hai tathA yathAzakti vratoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, ataH use upAsaka kahA jAtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zrAvaka ke lie upAsaka zabda prAcIna kAla meM bahuzaHpracalita rahA hai| isI kAraNa vratI gRhastha ke AcAra viSayaka granthoM kA nAma prAyaH upAsakAdhyayana yA upAsakAcAra rahA hai| svAmI samantabhadra dvArA viracita ratnakaraNDaka ko bhI usake saMskRta TIkAkAra A. prabhAcandra ne 'ratnakaraNDakanAmni upAsakAdhyayane' vAkya meM ratnakaraNDaka nAmaka upAsakAdhyayana hI kahA hai| ghara meM rahane ke kAraNa gRhastha zrAvaka kI sAgAra saMjJA hai| ise gehI, gRhI, gRhamedhI nAma bhI prayukta huye haiN| yahA~ gRha vastrAdi ke prati Asakti kA upalakSaNa pratIta hotA hai| aNuvrata rUpa dezasaMyama ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa zrAvaka ko dezasaMyamI, dezavratI yA aNuvratI bhI kahA gayA hai| isakA saMyatAsaMyata nAma se bhI ullekha huA hai| zrAvaka dharma pratipAdana ke AdhAra - jaina vAgamaya meM cAritra kA pratipAdana

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44 karane vAle granthoM meM zrAvaka dharma kA pratipAdana nimnalikhita AdhAroM para prApta hotA hai 1. pratimAoM ke AdhAra para (ka) cAritrapAhuDa meM AcArya kundakunda (kha) kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM svAmI kArtikeya (ga) zrAvakAcAra meM AcArya vasunandi 2. bAraha vrata evaM sallekhanA ke AdhAra para (ka) tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAmI (kha) ratnakaraNDa zrAvakacAra meM AcArya samantabhadra anekAnta-56/3-4 yadyapi samantabhadrAcArya ne pratimAoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai, kintu unake zrAvaka dharma pratipAdana kA AdhAra bAraha vrata evaM sallekhanA hI hai / gyAraha pratimAoM kA varNana to unhoMne bAda meM kiyA hai, jinakI saMgati baiThAne ke lie hI AcArya prabhAcandra ne utthAnikA meM likhA hai- "sAmprataM yo'sau sallekhanAnuSThAtA zrAvakastasya kati pratimAH bhavantItayAzaGkayAha / "" 3. pakSa, caryA aura sAdhana ke AdhAra para (ka) mahApurANa meM parva 39 meM AcArya jinasena (kha) sAgAra dharmAmRta meM paM. AzAdhara - zrAvaka ke bheda sAgAra dharmAmRta meM zrAvaka ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM- pAkSika, naiSThika aura sAdhaka / " dharmasaMgrahazrAvakacAra Adi meM bhI zrAvaka ke ina tIna bhedoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ina tIna bhedoM kA mUla AdhAra AcArya jinasena dvArA kathita pakSa, caryA evaM sAdhana rUpa se zrAvaka dharma hai| mahApurANa meM AzaMkA kI gaI hai ki SaTkarmajIvI dvijanmA jainI gRhastha hai, unake bhI hiMsA doSa kA prasaMga hogA ? isakA uttara dete hue kahA gayA hai ki haoN hogA, kyoMki gRhastha alpa sAvadya kA bhAgI to hotA hI hai / parantu zAstra meM usakI zuddhi bhI batalAI gaI hai | zuddhi ke tIna prakAra haiM- pakSa, caryA aura sAdhana / samasta hiMsA kA tyAga karanA jainoM kA pakSa hai| unakA yaha pakSa maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyasthya rUpa cAra bhAvanAoM se vRddhiMgata hotA hai / devatA kI ArAdhanA

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anekAnta-56/3-4 115 ke lie yA maMtra kI siddhi ke lie, auSadhi yA AhAra ke lie maiM kabhI kisI bhI prANI ko nahIM mArU~gA, aisI pratijJA ko caryA kahate haiM / isa pratijJA meM yadi kabhI koI doSa laga jAya to prAyazcita ke dvArA usakI zuddhi batalAI gaI hai| pazcAt apane saba kuTumba aura gRhasthAzrama kA bhAra putra para DAlakara ghara tyAga kara denA caahie| yaha gRhasthoM kI caryA kahI gaI hai| jIvana ke anta meM arthAt maraNa ke samaya zarIra, AhAra aura sarva icchAoM kA parityAga karake dhyAna kI zuddhi dvArA AtmA ke zuddha karane ko sAdhana. kahate haiM / arhantadeva ke anuyAyI dvijanmA gRhastha ko ina pakSa, caryA aura sAdhana kA pAlana karate hue hiMsAdi pApoM kA sparza bhI nahI hotA hai| isa prakAra Upara kI gaI AzaMkA kA parihAra ho jAtA hai / " 45 kadAcit yaha vivecana hI zrAvaka ke vividha bhedoM kA AdhAra banA tathA isI ke AdhAra para paM. AzAdhara ne sAgAradharmAmRta meM tathA pazcAtavartI anya aneka zrAvakAcAroM meM zrAvaka ke tIna bheda svIkAra kiye gaye haiM / saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisako jaina dharma kA pakSa hotA hai vaha pAkSika, jo vratoM meM abhyasta ho jAtA hai vaha naiSThika tathA jo samAdhimaraNa kA sAdhana karatA hai, vaha sAdhaka zrAvaka kahalAtA hai / -- 1 naiSThika zrAvaka kA svarUpa naiSThika zabda niSThA zabda se niSpanna huA hai jo zrAvaka pUrI niSThA se vratoM kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha naiSThika kahalAtA hai 1 naiSThika zrAvaka ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue paM. AzAdhara ne kahA hai "dezayamaghnakaSAyakSayopazamatAratamyavazataH / darzanakAdyekAdazadazAvazo naiSThikaH sulezyataraH / / "" arthAt dezasaMyama kA ghAta karane vAlI kaSAyoM kI kSayopazama kI kramazaH vRddhi ke vaza se zrAvaka ke dArzanika Adi gyAraha saMyama sthAnoM ke vazIbhUta aura uttama lezyA vAlA vyakti naiSThika kahalAtA hai| dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra meM kahA gayA hai ki doSoM kA prAyazcita karake putra para kuTumba kA bhAra sauMpakara gRhatyAga karane vAle ke naiSThika dharma utpanna hotA hai / samyagdarzanAdi tathA daza dharmoM kA eka deza pAlana karane vAlA naiSThika

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46 anekAnta-56/3-4 zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| vaha sAdhaka ke ucca pada ko icchuka hotA hai| zrI abhradeva kA kahanA hai ki jo guruoM kI sAkSI se vratoM ko grahaNa karake jIvana bhI pAlatA hai| isa prakAra kI niSThA vAlI AtmA ko naiSThika zrAvaka kahate haiN| pAkSika zrAvaka ke vizeSa rUpa se jina dharma kA pakSa hotA hai, kintu kulAcAra ke rUpa meM vaha bhI vratoM kA pAlana to karatA hI hai| naiSThika zrAvaka meM itanI vizeSatA avazya hotI hai ki vaha vratoM kA niraticAra paripAlana karatA hai, jabaki pAkSika zrAvaka meM kadAcit doSa laga jAte haiN| paM. AzAdhara ne kahA hai "durlezyAbhibhavAjjAtu viSaye kvcidutsukH| skhalannApikvApi guNe pAkSikaH syAnna naisstthikH|||| abhiprAya yaha hai ki kaSNa, nIla evaM kApota darlezyAoM meM se kisI ke vega se kisI samaya indriya ke viSaya meM utkaNThita tathA mUla guNa meM aticAra lagAne vAlA gRhastha pAkSika to ho sakatA hai, naiSThika aisA nahI ho sakatA hai| vratodyotana zrAvakAcAra meM cAra nikSepoM ke dvArA zrAvakoM ke cAra bheda karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jina puruSoM ne vratoM ko dhAraNa nahIM kiyA hai kintu gurUjanoM se vrata Adi kI carcA sunate haiM, ve nAma zrAvaka haiN| jo gurUjanoM se vrata Adi ko grahaNa karake bhI pAlate nahI haiM, ve sthApanA zrAvaka haiN| jo zrAvaka ke AcAra se yukta haiM, dAna pUjana Adi karate haiM, ve dravya zrAvaka haiN| jo bhAva se vratoM se sampanna haiM aura zrAvakAcAra ke pAlana meM sadA jAgarUka rahate haiM, ve bhAva zrAvaka haiN| naiSThika zrAvakoM kI gaNanA bhAvazrAvakoM meM kI gaI hai| yahA~ yaha vizeSa dhyAtavya hai ki jaba taka samyagdarzana prakaTa nahI huA hai, taba taka vratoM kA pAlana karane vAlA bhI dravya zrAvaka hI hai| bhAva zrAvaka to niyama se samyagdarzana sampanna hI hotA hai| paM. AzAdhara jI ne jainatva ke guNoM se rahita nAma mAtra ke jaina ko bhI ajaina logoM se zreSTha kahA hai tathA nAma kI apekSA sthApanA jaina ko, sthApanA jaina kI apekSA dravya jaina ko tathA usakI bhI apekSA bhAva jaina ko uttarottara zreSTha mahApuruSa kahA hai| naiSThika zrAvaka kI gyAraha zreNiyA~ - naiSThika zrAvaka kI nicalI dazA se kramazaH Upara uThatI huI gyAraha zreNiyAM hotI hai, jinheM cAritra viSayaka granthoM

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anekAnta-56/3-4 meM gyAraha pratimAyeM kahA gayA hai| svAmI kArtikeya ke anusAra gyAraha pratimAyeM isa prakAra haiM-1. dArzanika, 2. vratika, 3. sAmAyikI, 4. proSadhopavAsI, 5. sacittavirata, 6. rAtrimuktivirata, 7. brahmacArI, 8. Arambhavirata, 9. parigrahavirata, 10. anumativirata 11. uddiSTa-virata / paM. AzAdhara, AcArya amitagati aura zrI nAmadeva Adi ne chaThI rAtrimuktivirata pratimA ke sthAna para divAmaithunatyAga pratimA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| samantabhadrAcArya ke anusAra Age-Age kI zreNI pUrva guNa ko liye hue vRddhi ko prApta hotI hai arthAt inameM krama kA ullaMghana nahI hotA hai| digambara paramparA meM zrI somadeva ko chor3akara sabhI ne sacittatyAga ko pA~cavIM pratimA aura AraMbhatyAga ko AThavIM pratimA mAnA hai| parantu somadeva ne inheM paraspara parivartita karake sacittatyAga ko AThavIM pratimA kahA hai tathA kRSi Adi AraMbha ke tyAga ko pAMcavIM pratimA kahA hai| 7 somadeva kA yaha kathana tArkika aura yuktiyukta pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki sacitta bhojana aura strIsevana kA tyAgI hone ke pazcAt koI kRSi Adi AraMbha vAlI kriyAoM ko kaise kara sakatA hai? isI kAraNa unhoMne AraMbhatyAga ke sthAna para sacittatyAga aura sacittatyAga ke sthAna para AraMbhatyAga pratimA ko kahA hai| __ zrI paM. govinda dvArA praNIta puruSArthAnazAsanagata zrAvakAcAra meM zrAvaka kI pratimAoM ko krama se tathA akrama se bhI dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jabaki anya sabhI zrAvakAcAroM meM krama se hI pratimAoM ko dhAraNa karane kA spaSTa vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| paM. govinda ne kahA hai "sadRSTiH pratimAH kAzcit kramAtkAzcidvinA krmm| dadhadapyeti saMvignaH katiciiidbhaH bhavaiH zivam / / "18 arthAt koI darzana pratimA kA dhAraka samyagdRSTi jIva ina pratimAoM ko krama se dhAraNa karatA hai aura koI unako binA krama ke bhI dhAraNa karatA hai, phira bhI vaha saMvigna zrAvaka kucha bhavoM meM mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| gyAraha pratimAe~ 1. darzana pratimA - jo aticArarahita zuddha samyagdarzana kA dhAraka hai, saMsAra,

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48 anekAnta-56/3-4 zarIra aura indriya ke bhogoM se virakta hai, paJca parameSThI ke caraNoM kI zaraNa ko prApta hai aura tAttvika sanmArga ko grahaNa karane meM ruci rakhatA hai, vaha prathama pratimAdhArI dArzanika zrAvaka kahalAtA hai / " darzana pratimA ke mahattva kA pratipAdana karate hue paM. govinda ne likhA hai "na vinA darzanaM zeSAH pratimA vidhRtA api / zivAya nu prajAyante bhavairapi paraH zataiH / jJAtveti darzanaM dhRtvA nirmalaM vimalAzayaiH / zeSAH dhAryAH yathAzakti pratimAH prANirakSakaiH / / "20 abhiprAya yaha hai ki darzana pratimA ke binA zeSa dhAraNa kI gaI bhI pratimAyeM saikar3oM bhavoM ke dvArA bhI manuSya ko mukti kI prApti ke lie nahIM hotI haiM / aisA jAnakara nirmala abhiprAya vAle prANiyoM kI rakSA karane vAle manuSyoM ko nirmala darzana pratimA ko dhAraNa karake hI zeSa pratimAe~ zakti ke anusAra dhAraNa karanA caahie| 2. vrata pratimA isa pratimA kA dhAraka vratI darzana pratimA meM kathita guNoM kA pAlana karatA huA paJcANuvratoM kA niraticAra pAlana karatA hai, tIna guNa-vratoM tathA cAra zikSAvratoM kA bhI niHzalya hokara niraticAra pAlana karatA hai / samantabhadrAcArya ne kahA hai "niratikramaNamaNuvratapaJcakamapi zIlasaptakaM cApi / dhArayate niHzalyo yo'sau vratinAM mato vratikaH / / " " svAmI kArtikeya ne ina vratoM ke sAtha-sAtha jJAnI honA bhI vratI kA lakSaNa mAnA hai| 22 lATI saMhitA meM dUsarI pratimAdhArI ke lie rAtri meM lambI dUrI ke Ane-jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai tathA ghor3A Adi savArI karake dina meM bhI gamana karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| lATIsaMhitAkAra kA vicAra hai ki savArI para car3hakara jAne meM IryA saMzuddhi kaise saMbhava ho sakatI hai ? 25 3. sAmAyika pratimA sAmAyika nAmaka tIsarI pratimA kA dhArI zrAvaka cAra bAra tIna-tIna Avarta aura cAra bAra namaskAra karane vAlA yathAjAta rUpa se avasthita Urdhva kAyotsarga aura padmAsana kA dhAraka, mana-vacana-kAya kI --

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anekAnta-56/3-4 zaddhi vAlA tathA prAtaH madhyAhna aura sAyaMkAla tInoM saMdhyAoM meM vandanA karane vAlA hotA hai|24 mahApurANakAra AcArya jinasena ne sAmAyika ke sthAna para sakatA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai tathA zrI somadeva ne pUjA para vizeSa jora dete hue arcA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| sAmAyika nAmaka isa tIsarI pratimA meM sAmAyika nAmaka zikSAvrata kI pUrNatA tathA usakA niraticAra paripAlana Avazyaka hai| dUsarI pratimA meM sAmAyika eka zikSAvrata ke rUpa meM thI, isameM kAlika bandhana bhI nahI thaa| tIsarI pratimA meM sAmAyika tInoM sandhyAoM meM Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai| sAmAyika kA jaghanya kAla 2ghar3I (48 minaTa yA/muhUrta) tathA utkRSTa kAla 6ghar3I (2 dhaNTA 24 minaTa yA 3 muhUrta) mAnA gayA hai| samantabhadrAcArya ne tIsarI pratimAdhArI ko yathAjAta rUpa dhAraNa kara sAmAyika karane kA nirdeza kiyA hai| cAmuNDarAya evaM vAmadeva ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki tIsarI pratimAdhArI ko sAmAyika ekAnta meM nagna hokara karane kI paripATI rahI hai| 4. proSadhopavAsa pratimA - jisa prakAra prathama zikSAvrata sAmAyika ke AdhAra para tIsarI pratimA avalambita thI, usI prakAra proSadhopavAsa nAmaka dvitIya zikSAvrata ke AdhAra para yaha cauthI pratimA avalambita hai| jo zrAvaka mAha ke cAroM parva (aSTamI evaM caturdazI) ke dinoM meM yathAzakti dharmadhyAna meM tatpara hokara ekAzanapUrvaka upavAsa karatA hai, vaha proSadhopavAsa pratimA kA dhArI zrAvaka hai|28 proSadha zabda kA artha samantabhadrAcArya ne sakRdbhukti arthAt ekAzana kiyA hai| upavAsa ke dina zrAvaka ko saba AraMbha tyAgakara muni ke samAna dina-rAta dharmadhyAna karanA caahie| isa cauthI pratimA meM niyata samaya taka proSadhovAsa kA niraticAra paripAlana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| ___ zikSAvrata ke antargata proSadhopavAsa abhyAsa rUpa thA kintu cauthI pratimA meM pAlana anivArya hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne zikSAvrata meM upavAsa kI zakti na hone para eka bAra nIrasa AhAra lene kI chUTa dI hai, para pratimA meM nhiiN| AcArya vasunandI ne cauthI pratimA ke svarUpa meM uttama, madhyama evaM jaghanya rUpa se 16,12 aura 8 prahara ke upavAsa kA hInAdhika zakti vAle zrAvakoM ko vidhAna kiyA he parantu zeSa sabhI ne 16 prahara kA upavAsa Avazyaka mAnA hai|

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50 anekAnta-56/3-4 5. sacitta virati pratimA - sabhI zrAvakAcAroM meM sacittavirati ko pA~cavIM pratimA mAnA gayA hai, parantu somadeva ne ise AThavIM pratimA mAnakara anyoM dvArA mAnya AThavIM pratimA AraMbhatyAga ko pA~cavIM pratimA svIkAra kiyA hai| sacittavirati pratimA kA dhAraka zrAvaka mUla, phala, sAka Adi vanaspati ke kisI bhI bhAga ko agni se saMskArita kiye binA sevana nahI karatA hai| vaha jala bhI ubAlakara prAsuka hone para hI pItA hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne bhI kahA hai ki jo dayAla zrAvaka mUla, phala, zAka, zAkhA, koMpala, vanaspati kA mUla, phUla evaM bIjoM ko apakva dazA meM nahIM khAtA hai, vaha paJcama pratimAdharI sacittavirata hai|" yadyapi bhogopabhogaparimANavrata meM bhI sacitta bhojana ko chur3AyA gayA hai, parantu vahA~ aticAra mAnakara tyAga karAyA gayA hai, javaki yahA~ vrata rUpa se usakA niraticAra tyAga hotA hai| sacittavirati se indriyasaMyama evaM prANisaMyama donoM kA paripAlana ho jAtA hai, kyoMki ubalI vanaspatiyoM se svAdalolupatA kama ho jAtI hai| 6. rAtribhuktivirati/divA-maithunatyAga pratimA - svAmI samantabhadra kA mata hai ki jo vyakti prANiyoM para dayArdra citra hokara rAtri meM anna, pAna, khAdya aura lehaya cAroM prakAra ke AhAra ko nahIM khAtA hai vaha rAtribhuktivirata zrAvaka hai| AcArya vasunandi ne chaThI pratimA ko divA maithunatyAga ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate hue kahA hai ki jo mana, vacana, kAya se kRta, kArita, anumodanA dvArA nava prakAra se dina meM maithuna kA tyAga karatA hai, vaha pratimAnukUla guNoM meM chaThA zrAvaka arthAt chaThI pratimAdhArI zrAvaka hai| rAtribhojana karane vAle manuSya ke to gyAraha pratimAoM meM pahalI pratimA bhI nahIM hotI hai, isalie rAtribhojana kA tyAga to honA hI caahie| bhojana ke madhya girA huA carma asthi, kITa-pataMga, sarpa, keza Adi rAta meM kucha bhI dikhAI nahI dete haiM, ata. rAtribhojI ina sabako khA jAtA hai| yadi dIpaka jalAyA jAtA hai to bhI pataMge Adi agaNita caturindriya jIva dRSTirAga se mohita hokara bhojana ke madhya girate haiN| isa prakAra ke kITa-pataMga yukta AhAra ko khAne vAlA puruSa isa loka meM apane nAza kA kAraNa banatA hai aura parabhaya meM caturgati evaM saMsAra ke duHkhoM ko pAtA hai| isa prakAra rAtri bhojana meM bahuta prakAra ke doSa jAna

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anekAnta-56/3-4 51 karake mana-vacana-kAya se rAtribhojana kA parihAra karanA caahie| AcArya jinasena chaThI pratimA ko "ahaHstrIsaGgavarjanam" kahakara, AcArya somadeva ne "divAmaithunatyAga" evaM "divAmaithunavirata" kahakara hI ullikhita kiyA hai| amitagati zrAvakAcAra tathA saMskRta bhAvasaMgraha meM isa pratimAdhArI ko divA brahmacArI kahA gayA hai| lATIsaMhitA meM chaThI pratimAdhArI ke lie rogAdi kI zAnti ke lie rAta meM gandha-mAlya, vilepana eva tailAbhyaGga Adi kA niSedha kiya gayA hai tathA paM. daulatarAma ne chaThI pratimAdhArI ke lie rAtri meM gamanAgamana tathA anya AraMbha kAryo ke karane kA niSedha kiyA hai| chaThI pratimA meM prayukta bhukti zabda bhojana evaM sevana donoM artho meM pracalita hone ke kAraNa hI kucha AcAryoM ne rAtri meM bhojanatyAga tathA kucha ne divA maithuna tyAga ke rUpa meM usakA vivecana kiyA hai| AcArya kundakunda, svAmI kArtikeya, A. samantabhadra Adi ne bhukti kA bhojana artha mAnakara hI isa pratimA kA varNana kiyA hai, jabaki vasunandi evaM pazcAdvartI vidvAnoM ne divAmaithunatyAga ke rUpa meM chaThI pratimA kA varNana kiyA hai| 7. brahmacarya pratimA - samantabhadrAcArya ke anusAra jo puruSa mala bIja, mala kA AdhAra, mala ko vahAne vAlA, durgandhayukta evaM bIbhatsa mAnakara strI sevana se pUrNa virAma le letA hai, vaha brahmacArI zrAvaka haiN| isa bhUmikA meM naiSThika zrAvaka mana, vacana, kAya se strImAtra ke saMsarga kA tyAga kara detA hai tathA pUrNa sAdagI ke sAtha jIvana bitAtA hai| vaha gRhasthI ke kAryo meM prAyaH udAsIna ho jAtA hai| 8. AraMbhavirati pratimA - jaba sAtavIM brahmacarya pratimA me bhogopabhoga ke pradhAna sAdhana tathA sacitta bhojana ke pazcAt vaha strI kA sarvathA parityAga kara detA hai| taba dhana spRhA na rahane se vaha AThavIM pratimA meM asi, maSi, kRSi, vANijya Adi sabhI AraMbhoM kA tyAga karake AraMbha virata naiSThika zrAvaka kahalAne lagatA hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne prANaghAta Adi ke lie kArya prAraMbha kara dene ko AraMbha kahA hai| samantabhadrAcArya kA kahanA hai ki AraMbhavinivRtta

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52 anekAnta-56/3-4 zrAvaka jIvahiMsA ke kAraNabhUta sevA, kRSi, vANijya Adi AraMbha se nivRtta hotA hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne isameM kRta, kArita evaM anumodanA kA bhI samAveza kiyA hai| AraMbhavinivRtta zrAvaka AjIvikA chor3akara pUrva arjita sImita sampatti se hI apanA jIvana-yApana karatA hai| 9. parigrahavirati pratimA - samantabhadrAcArya ke anusAra jo vyakti bAhya dazadhA parigrahoM meM mamatva chor3akara nirmamatva se prema karatA hai, vaha parigrahavirati pratimA kA dhArI zrAvaka hai| vasunandi ne bhI kahA hai ki jo vastra mAtra parigraha ko rakhakara vAkI parigraha kA tyAga kara detA hai tathA vastra meM bhI mamatva nahI rakhatA hai, vaha navamI pratimA kA dhAraka zrAvaka hai| navamI pratimA kA dhAraka yadyapi saba kucha patroM ko saupakara gRhasthI ke kAryoM se mukta ho jAtA hai kintu udAsIna hokara ghara meM hI rahatA hai tathA putrAdi ke dvArA parAmarza mAgane para dharmAnukUla parAmarza bhI detA hai| parantu vaha santoSa kI parAkASThA meM jItA hai| guNabhUSaNa ne navamI pratimAdhArI ke lie vastra ke atirikta sabhI parigraha ke tyAga kA vidhAna kiyA hai tathA pa. daulatarAma ne apane kriyAkoSa meM use kASTa evaM miTrI kA pAtra rakhane aura dhAtupAtra kA tyAga karane kA spaSTa kathana kiyA hai|" 10. anumati virati pratimA - dasavIM pratimA kA dhArI vyakti prAyaH ghara meM na rahakara mandira, caityAlaya Adi ekAnta sthAnoM meM rahatA hai tathA svAdhyAya meM apanA mana lagAtA hai| vaha ghara yA sAdharmI bandhu kA nimantraNa milane para hI bhojana grahaNa karatA hai| samantabhadrAcArya ke anusAra AraMbha, parigraha athavA laukika kAryo meM jisakI anubhodanA bhI nahI hotI hai tathA jo samabhAva kA dhAraka hai, vaha anumativirata zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| puruSArthanuzAsana nAmaka zrAvakAcAra meM dasavIM pratimAdhArI ke pApa kAryo yA gRhAraMbhoM meM anumati dene kA niSedha tathA puNya kAryo meM anumati dene kA vidhAna vistAra pUrvaka kiyA gayA hai|" 11. uddiSTatyAga pratimA - yaha zrAvaka kI utkRSTatama bhUmikA hai| gyArahavI pratimA kA dhArI ghara se muniyoM ke nivAsa vAle vana meM jAkara aura gurU ke

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anekAnta-56/3-4 samIpa vratoM ko grahaNa karake bhikSA vRtti se AhAra grahaNa karate hue tapasyA karatA hai tathA vastrakhaNDa ko dhAraNa karatA hai / 19 vartamAna meM gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI ke do bheda svIkRta haiM- kSullaka aura ailaka / ye do bheda kaba se huye yaha vicAraNIya hai| AcArya kundakunda, samantabhadrAcArya, svAmI kArtikeya, somadeva, cAmuNDarAya, amitagati Adi ne gyArahavIM pratimA ke do bheda nahIM kiye haiM / pazcAdvartI vasunandi, paM. AzAdhara, medhAvI evaM guNabhUSaNa Adi ne do bheda mAnakara gyArahavIM pratimA kA vivecana kiyA hai / sakalakIrti ne gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI ko kSullaka kahakara use saddhAtu kA kamaNDalu aura choTA pAtra rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| unhoMne use muhUrta pramANa nidrA lene kA kathana kiyA hai| lATI saMhitA aura puruSArthAnuzAsana kSullaka ko sahaprApta prAsu dravya se pUjana karane kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / vartamAna meM kSullaka laMgoTa ke sAtha eka khaNDavastra bhI dhAraNa karatA hai, jabaki ailaka mAtra eka laMgoTa hI dhAraNa karatA hai / kSullaka aura ailaka me antara isa prakAra dekhA jA sakatA hai 1 kSullaka 1. kSullaka gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI prathamotkRSTa zrAvaka haiM / 53 2. gyArahavIM pratimA ke sarvaprathama do bheda vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM milate haiN| para prathamotkRSTa zrAvaka kA kSullaka nAma sattarahavIM zadI ke rAjamalla ne lATI saMhitA meM sarvaprathama diyA hai| 3. vasunandi ne prathama utkRSTa zrAvaka ko eka vastradhAraka kahA hai / 4. kSullaka zabda kA artha svalpa yA ailaka ailaka gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI caramotkRSTa zrAvaka hai 1 dvitIyotkRSTa yA caramotkRSTa zrAvaka kA ailaka nAma rAjamalla likhita lATI saMhitA meM sarvaprathama diyA gayA hai / dvitIya utkRSTa zrAvaka ko mAtra kaoNpIna dhAraka kahA hai| ailaka kadAcit acelaka kA

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54 anekAnta-56/3-4 kaniSTha hai| isase kaniSTha utkRSTa vikasita (apabhraSTa) rUpa haiM, jisakA zrAvaka artha liyA jA sakatA artha ISat (nAma mAtra) vastradhArI hai| acelaka zabda naJ samAsa meM muniyoM ko bhI prayukta hai| hai| 5. kSullaka do prakAra ke hote rahe ailaka eka gRhabhojI hI hote haiN| haiM- eka gRhabhojI aura aneka gRhbhojii| Ajakala eka gRhabhojI kSullaka hI milate haiN| 6. kSullaka pAtra meM bhojana karate haiN| ailaka sarvadA pANipAtra hI hote haiN| kabhI-kabhI hAtha meM bhI kara lete haiN| 7. kSullaka kezaloMca karate hai, para kaiMcI ailaka niyama se kezaloMca hI karate se bhI bAla kaTavA sakate haiN| 8. kSullaka ke lie picchikA kA ailaka mayUrapaMkha kI picchikA rakhate niyama nahI hai| haiN| 9. gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI striyA~ striyoM meM ailaka jaisA koI bheda nahIM kSullikA kahalAtI haiN| ve eka hai| sADI evaM eka khaNDa vastra rakhatI haiM tathA pAtra meM hI bhojana karatI haiN| kSullaka aura ailaka donoM utkRSTa zrAvakoM kI zeSa saba kriyAe~ samAna hotI haiN| naiSThika zrAvaka kI vividhatA - gyAraha pratimAoM meM pahalI se chaThI pratimA taka ke dhAraka zrAvaka jaghanya naiSThika, sAtavIM se navamI pratimA taka ke dhAraka zrAvaka madhyama naiSThika tathA dasavIM evaM gyArahavIM pratimA ke dhAraka zrAvaka utkRSTa naiSThika kahalAte haiN| zrI cAmuNDarAyama ne kahA bhI hai

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anekAnta-56/3-4 'AdyAstu SaT jaghanyAH syurmadhyamAstadanutrayaH / zeSau dvAvuttamAbhuktau jaineSu jinazAsane / / ' 50 AcArya somadeva ne ukta vividha zrAvakoM ko kramazaH gRhI, brahmacArI aura bhikSuka nAma diye hai / yazastilakacampUgata upAsakAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai 'SaDatra gRhiNo jJeyAstrayaH syurbrahmacAriNaH / bhikSukau dvau tu nirdiSTau tataH syAtsarvato yatiH / / ' 55 arthAt pahale kI chaha pratimAoM ke dhAraka gRhI kahe jAte haiN| tIna, sAtavIM, AThavIM evaM navamI pratimAoM ke dhAraka brahmacArI kahalAte haiM tathA do, dasavIM evaM gyArahavIM pratimAoM ke dhArI bhikSuka kahe gaye haiN| usake pazcAt saba muni hote haiM / yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki saMyamaprakAza meM prathama se SaSTha pratimAdhArI ko naiSThika, saptama se navama pratimAdhArI ko brahmacArI tathA dazama evaM ekAdaza pratimadhI ko sAdhaka kahA gayA hai 152 sabhI pratimAoM kI trividhatA AcArya jayasena dvArA viracita dharmaratnAkAra meM pratyeka pratimA kA varNana uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya rUpa se bhI kiyA gayA hai / ataH pratyeka pratimA meM bhI tAratamya hai / saMkSepa meM inake tAratamya ko isa prakAra dekhA jA sakatA hai 1. darzana pratimA uttama-saptavyasana tyAga, rAtribhojana tyAga tathA niraticAra mUlaguNapAlana madhyama- rAtribhojana tyAga tathA mUlaguNa dhAraNa / jaghanya - vratadhAraNa kI bhAvanA, niraticAra samyagdarzana dhAraNa / 2. vrata pratimA uttama-samyagdarzanapUrvaka niraticAra aNuvrata evaM guNavrata pAlana / madhyama- mUlaguNoM kA pAlana / jaghanya - kevala aNuvratoM kA pAlana /

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anekAnta-56/3-4 3. sAmAyika pratimA uttama-doSa evaM aticAra rahita trisaMdhyA meM niyata samaya taka saamaayik| madhyama-aNuvrata-guNavratoM kA nirdoSa pAlana kintu sAmAyika meM doss| jaghanya-aNuvrata-guNavrata meM aticAra tathA sAmAyika meM bhI doss| 4. proSadhopavAsa pratimA uttama-cAroM parvo meM 16 prahara kA nirdoSa upavAsa, kAyotsarga nirbhaya hokr| madhyama-12 yA 8 prahara vAlA upavAsa, pratimAyoga kA adhaarnn| jaghanya-yathA kathaMcit upavAsa kA dhaarnn| sacittatyAga pratimA uttama-navadhA sacitta kA yAvajjIvana tyaag| madhyama-proSadhopavAsa ke dina hI sacitta kA tyaag| jaghanya-sacitta vastuoM kA yathA kathaMcit tyaag| 6. divAmaithunatyAga pratimA uttama-dina meM pUrNa brahmacarya kA pripaaln| madhyama-kvacit-kadAcit svastrI ke sAtha dina meM hNsii-mjaak| jaghanya-yathA kathaMcit dina meM maithuna tyaag| 7. brahmacarya pratimA uttama-navadhA nirmala brahmacarya kA paaln| madhyama-vacana evaM kAya se brahmacarya kA paaln| jaghanya-brahmacarya kA yathA kathaMcit paaln| 8. ArambhatyAga pratimA uttama-AraMbha kA tyAga, svIkRta dhana kA dAna, ghara meM udaasiin| madhyama-pUrvapratimAoM kA sadoSa kintu prakRta kA nirdoSa paaln| jaghanya-pUrva pratimAoM tathA prakRta pratimA kA sadoSa paaln| 9. parigrahatyAga pratimA uttama-saMyama ke sAdhana ke atirikta parigraha kA tyaag|

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anekAnta-56/3-4 madhyama-tyakta parigraha meM kadAcit mamatva bhaav| jaghanya-pUrva evaM prakRta pratimA kA sadoSa paaln| 10. anumatityAga pratimA uttama-laukika kAryoM meM svajanoM ko anumati kA pUrNa tyaag| madhyama-kadAcit svajanoM ko laukika kAryoM meM anumti| jaghanya-pUrva evaM prakRta pratimA kA sadoSa paaln| 11. udidaSTatyAga pratimA uttama-uddiSTa AhAra-pAna kA yAvajjIvana tyAga tathA nirdoSa pAlana / madhyama-kabhI-kabhI uddiSTa tyAga meM doss| jaghanya-pUrva evaM prakRta pratimA kA sadoSa paaln| uparyukta "gyAraha pratimAoM ke dhArakoM ko naiSThika kahate hai aura jIvana ke anta me samAdhimaraNa kara AtmArtha ke sAdhana karane vAloM ko sAdhaka kahate haiN| ataH naiSThika zrAvaka banane aura samAdhimaraNa karane kI pratidina bhAvanA karanI caahie|' yahA~ yaha kathya hai ki zrAvaka kA pratimAoM ke AdhAra para varNana zrAvaka ke mApa yA usake Age-Age vistAra ko jAnane ke lie kiyA gayA hai| pratimA zabda kA artha mApa yA vistAra bhI hai| sandarbha 1 abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, saptama bhAga, sAvaya zabda, pRSTha 779, 2 vahIM, 3 zrAvakAcArasagraha, bhAga-4 prastAvanA pRSTha 59 se uddhRta, 4 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 33 5 vahI, zloka 136 kI utthAnikA, 6 pAkSikAdibhidA tredhA zrAvakastatrapAkSika / taddharmagRhayastAnniSTho naiSThika sAdhaka svyuk| -sAgAra dharmAmRta, 1/20 7. mahApurANa, 39/143-150, 8. sAgAra dharmAmRta, 3/1 9 doSa sazodhya sajAtaM putre nyasya nijaanvym| tyajata sadya caryAsayAnniSThAvAnnAmabhedataH / /

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58 dRSTyAdidazadharmANA niSThAnirvahaNa matA / tamAcarati yasa. syAnnaiSThikaH sAdhakotsukaH / / - dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra, naiSThika zrAvaka anekAnta-56/3-4 10. yAvajjIvaM ye vratA santi sAkSIkRtyopAttAste sadA pAlanIyA / ittha proktA santi ye niSThitAtmA prakhyAyante naiSThikA vratodhotana zrAvakAcAra, 260 zrAvakAste / / 11. sAgAdharadharmAmRta, 3/4, 12. vratodyotana zrAvakAcAra 245-250, 13 sAgAradharmAmRta, 2/54 14. dasaNavaya sAmAiya posaha saccitta rAibhakte ya / rabhapariggaha aNumaNa uddiTThadesavirade de / / - kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 69 15 sAgAradharmAmRta 3 / 2-3, amitagatizrAvakAcAra 72, saMskRta bhAvasaMgraha, 98 16. zrAvakapadAni devairekAdaza dezitAni yeSu khalu / svaguNA pUrvaguNai saha saMtiSThante kramavivRddhA / / -ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 136 17. yazAstilakacampUgata upAsakAdhyayana, 821 18 puruSArthAnuzAsanagata zrAvakAcAra, 6/94 19 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 137, 20 puruSArthanuzAsanagata zrAvakAcAra, 6/95-96 21. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 138, 22 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 330 23 kiJca rajanyA gamana na kartavya dIrghe'dhvani / dRSTicare zuddhe svalpe na niSiddhA mArge gatiH / / azvAdhArohaNa mArge na kArya vratadhAriNA / IryAsamitisazuddhi kuta sayAttatra karmaNi / / - lATIsaMhitA, sarga 4 zloka 223-224 24 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 139, 25 mahApurANa 10 / 158, 26 yazastilakacampUgata upAsakAdhyayana, 853 27 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 139, cAritrasAragata zrAvakAcAra saMskRta bhAvasagraha, 92 28. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 140 29 kArtikeyAnuprekSA gAthA 57-58 evaM 72-77 tathA vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 295 30 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 141, 31. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 379 32 vahI, 381, 33 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakacAra, 142 34 vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 296, 35 vahI, 314-18 36. mahApurANa 10 / 159, yazastilakacampUgata upAsakAdhyayana, 833 tathA sAgAradharmAmRta 3 / 21 37. amitagati zrAvakAcAra 72, saMskRta bhAvasaMgraha-98

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anekAnta-56/3-4 59 38 'lATI saMhitA, prathama sarga 38-43 kriyAkoSa, gyAraha vrata varNana, 61-62 39 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 143, 40 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 384, 41 tattvArthavArtika, 8 42. ratnakaraNDazrAkAcAra, 144 43 kArtikeyAnuprekSa, 385 44 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 145 45 vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 299 46 zrAvakAcArasagraha, bhAga-2 pR 454 zloka 73 ___ kriyAkoSa, gyAraha vrata varNana, 84-88 47 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 146 48 puruSArthAnuzAsana, 60-70 49 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 147 50 cAritrasAragata zrAvakAcAra, zIlasaptakavarNana, zloka 20 51. yazAstilakacampUgata upAsakAdhyayana, 824 52 sayamaprakAza, uttarArddha dvitIya bhAga pR 558 53 draSTavya - dharmaratnAkara 51 zrAvakAcArasagraha , bhAga 4 prasatAvanA pRSTha 171 15 saskRta-hindI koSa (zivarAma vAmana ApTe) pratimA zabda adhyakSa - saMskRta vibhAga, esa.DI. kAleja mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.)

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prAcIna bhArata meM guptacara-vyavasthA -DaoN. mukeza baMsala prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM guptacara-vyavasthA ko rAjanIti ke saMcAlana ke lie eka anivArya AvazyakatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| guptacaroM ke mAdhyama se hI rAjA bAhya tathA Antarika bhedoM kI jAnakArI prApta karake unake nirAkaraNa kA upAya karane meM samartha hotA hai| kAlidAsa ne guptacaroM ko prakAza kI kiraNeM kahA hai| jinake dvArA zatru-rAjya kI gatividhiyoM kI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai|' kiratArjunIya mahAkAvya meM kahA gayA hai ki rAjA ko cAhie ki vaha uttama caritravAle, vizvAsI aura unnati karanevAle guptacaroM kI niyukti karake unake mAdhyama se zatru-pakSa ke samAcAroM kI jAnakArI prApta kre| valhaNa ne guptacaroM ko rAjA ke netra mAnA hai kyoMki ve hI unheM sabhI rahasyoM kI jAnakArI dete haiN| jAnakIharaNa mahAkAvya meM guptacaroM ke saMbaMdha meM kahA gayA hai ki jo chipakara vicaraNa kare, vahI guptacara hai| veza badalakara yA guptarUpa se vipakSI ke rAjya, senA va nItiyoM kI jAnakArI prApta kara apane svAmI se nivedana karanA hI guptacara kA kAryakSetra hai kyoMki guptacara se prApta vRttAMta para hI rAjA apanI bhAvI nIti kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| cANakya ne candragupta ke zAsana ke prati logoM kI cittavRtti jAnane ke lie nipuNaka nAmaka guptacara kI niyukti kI thii| rAma ne durmukha nAmaka guptacara ko apane hI zAsana kI pratikriyA jAnane ke lie niyukta kiyA thaa| guptacaroM ke lie vibhinna nAma prayukta kiye gaye haiN| arthazAstra meM inheM gUDhapuruSa, zukranIti meM gUDhAcAra tathA avimAraka meM cara evaM rAtricara nAma se pukArA gayA hai|' guptacara chadma veza meM rahakara zatru-pakSa ke rahasyoM kA udghATana tathA rAjA ko gupta sUcanAe~ pradAna karane ke kAraNa rAjya kI surakSA meM upAdeya

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anekAnta-56/3-4 the| guptacaroM kI kAryakuzalatA para rAjya kI unnati hI nahIM varan astitva bhI avilambita thaa| guptacara pramukha rUpa se zatru-pakSa ke sainya-bala aura yuddha-saMbaMdhI taiyAriyoM ke saMbaMdha meM sUcanAe~ lAte the| rAjya-vvasthA tathA prajA-vyavahAra kI jAnakArI ke lie bhI guptacaroM kA vizeSa rUpa se prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| guptacaroM kI niyukti prAcIna bhAratIya mahAkAvyoM aura dRzyakAvyoM meM guptacara kI niyukti-sambandhI vivaraNoM se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjA dvArA lI gayI parIkSA meM uttIrNa hone para hI guptacara, rAjakIya sevA meM niyukta kiye jAte the, jinheM 'upadhAvizuddha' guptacara kahA jAtA thaa| sAmAnyataH guptacaroM ko niyamita rUpa se rAjya-sevA meM niyukta kiyA jAtA thA, jinheM sthAyI vetana prApta hotA thA kintu kabhI-kabhI AvazyakatAnusAra asthAyI, alpakAlIna athavA Akasmika rUpa se bhI unakI niyakti kI jAtI thI aura unake kArya ke badale rAjakoSa se pArizramika diyA jAtA thaa| guptacaroM kI niyukti rAjA kA punIta karttavya mAnA gayA hai kintu vaha kisa varNa athavA varga-vizeSa ke vyaktiyoM ko guptacara banAe isa sambandha meM koI spaSTa pramANa prApta nahIM hote haiN| itanI jAnakArI avazya milatI hai ki rAjA jisa vyakti ko guptacara pada para niyukti kare vaha kulIna parivAra se sambandha rakhatA ho tathA usake sambandha meM samAja meM koI apavAda na phailA ho|| veNIsaMhAra meM yaha vivaraNa avazya milatA hai ki rAjya dvArA dhIvara, zikArI, gvAle, sAdhu Adi sabhI prakAra ke logoM se guptacara. kA kArya liyA jAtA thaa|" kirAtArjunIya mahAkAvya meM varNana AyA hai ki rAjya se niSkAsita yudhiSThira dvArA duryodhana kI rAjya-vyavasthA va prajA-vyavahAra kI jAnakArI prApta karane hetu eka kirAta ko brahmacArI ke veSa meM bhejakara usake mAdhyama se rAjya kI jAnakArI prApta kI gayI thii| buddhacarita mahAkAvya meM guptacara-vyavasthA kI gatizIlatA kA varNana karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki guptacaroM ko vividha kAryo meM niyukta karane kA adhikAra purohita tathA maMtrI ke kAryakSetra meM AtA thaa|"

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62 anekAnta-56/3-4 guptacaroM kI yogyatA prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRta-mahAkAvyoM aura dRzyakAvyoM meM guptacaroM kI yogyatA-saMbaMdhI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| mahAkAvya kirAtArjunIya meM kahA gayA hai ki guptacara ko saccA-mitra, vizvAsI aura rAjA kA AjJAkArI honA caahie| vikramAMkadevacarati ke anusAra guptacara nItizAstroM meM nipuNa, vAkpaTu aura mRdubhASI hone ke sAtha-sAtha vastusthiti ko samajhanevAlA, prakharabuddhi aura svAmibhakta honA caahie|' guptacaroM meM yaha bhI yogyatA honI cAhie ki ve dUsare pakSa ke doSoM ko to jAna le kintu unake doSoM ko koI na samajha pAye, ve zatrupakSa meM isa prakAra ghulamila jAyeM ki sabhI una para vizvAsa karane lage aura ve vahA~ se bhI vetana pAte rheN| mudrArAkSasa meM kahA gayA hai ki guptacaroM ko kulIna rAjabhakta, vizvasanIya, veza Adi badalane meM nipuNa, vibhinna dezoM ke veza, bhASA, rIti-rivAja, mArga Adi jAnane meM dakSa, vibhinna kalAAoM meM pAraMgata tathA svapakSa evaM parapakSa ke vicAroM ko jAnane meM kuzala honA caahie|" veNIsaMhAra nATaka ke anusAra ve guptacara yogya hote haiM jo veza aura bolI parivartana meM dakSa hoM, avyakta pada-cinhoM kA jJAna rakha sake. kucalI huI latAoM ko parakha sake, vibhinna prakAra kI guphAoM kA jJAna rakhate hoM tathA dUsaroM kI pada-paMkti pahacAnane meM catura ho| guptacaroM kA veza veza-parivartana meM catura guptacara deza kAla tathA paristhitiyoM ke anusAra apane asalI rUpa meM na rahakara nakalI veza meM vicaraNa karate the| rAjA athavA rAjya kI ora se bhI veza-parivartana evaM unake kriyAkalApoM ke viSaya meM kisI prakAra hastakSepa nahIM kiyA jAtA thaa| guptacara vividha veza dhAraNa karake aura zatru ke sAtha ghula-mila kara apanA abhISTa siddha karane kA prayAsa karate the| ____ saMskRta sAhitya meM vanacara, pulinda, tApasa, aMgArika Adi veza meM vicaranevAle guptacaroM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| arthazAstra meM bhI guptacaroM ke vibhinna prakAroM kA varNana prApta hotA haiM, jo kApaTika, udAsthita, gRhapati, vaidehika, tApasa, kSatrI-tIkSNa, rasada, bhikSu Adi veza dhAraNa karake vibhinna rUpoM

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anekAnta-56/3-4 63 ko prApta kara sakate the| ina guptacaroM dvArA bhikSuNiyoM, vezyAoM aura jyotiSiyoM Adi kA rUpa bhI dhAraNa kara liyA jAtA thA, jisase ve kisI bhI bheda kI sahajatA se jAnakArI prApta kara ske| dRzyakAvya mudrArAkSasa meM guptacaroM ke veza-parivartana tathA usakI kArya-kSamatAoM kA vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| yathA nipuNaka-yama-pAtra lekara galI-galI ghUmanevAle nipuNaka ko, svayaM cANakya kA ziSya bhI nahIM pahacAna sakA thaa| siddhArthaka-cANakya dvArA niyukta siddhArthaka zakaSTadAsa ke mitra ke rUpa meM vicaraNa karatA huA batAyA gayA hai| virAdhagupta-rAkSasa dvArA niyukta yaha guptacara AhituNDika sapere ke rUpa meM vicaraNa karatA huA batAyA gayA hai eka kSaNa ke lie svayaM rAkSasa bhI use na pahacAnate hue, saMzaya meM par3a gayA thaa| zilpI dAruvarmA-rAkSasa dvArA niyukta yaha guptacara, candragupta ke vadha ke uddezya se racita SaDyaMtra meM zAmila thaa| barvaraka-candragupta kA mahAvata barvaraka, rAkSasa dvArA niyukta chadmavezadhArI guptacara thaa| vibhItsaka-candragupta ke zayana-kakSa kI dIvAra ke bhItara gupta rUpa se chipe hue, rAtri meM sote hue candragupta para prahAra karane vAle vyaktiyoM meM, vibhItsaka bhI eka guptacara thA, jo rAkSasa dvArA niyukta kiyA gayA thaa| gAtrasevaka-pratijJAyaugandharAyaNa nATaka meM vAsavadattA kI hathinI bhadravatI kA mahAvata banakara rahanevAlA, yaugandharAyaNa dvArA niyukta, guptacara gAtrasevaka madirA na pIte hue bhI madonmatta vyakti ke samAna pralApa karatA huA batAyA gayA hai| guptacara na kevala vividha veza-parivartana kara sakate the apitu vividha bhASAoM ke bhI jAnakAra hote the| guptacaroM dvArA sambhASaNa ke lie sAmAnyataH

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64 anekAnta-56/3-4 sAMketika bhASA kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| guptacaroM ke karttavya guptacaroM kA kArya-kSetra atyanta vistRta hotA thA, jinheM guptacaroM ke kartavyo kI saMjJA pradAna kI jA sakatI hai| guptacara kA sarvaprathama karttavya apane svAmI ke prati niSThAvAna honA mAnA gayA hai| kirAtarjunIya mahAkAvya meM apane svAmI meM niSThA na rakhanevAle athavA rAjA ko sumaMtraNA na denevAle guptacaroM ko yogya sevaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai| apane svAmI ke sAtha kapaTa na karanA guptacaroM kA parama kartavya mAnA gayA hai|29 zatra-rAjya meM gapta-rUpa se rahanevAle gaptacaroM kA yaha karttavya thA ki ve vahA~ kI gatividhiyoM para kar3I dRSTi rakhate hue apane pratyeka saMdeza ko gupta-rUpa se svAmI taka phuNcaaeN| vastutaH zatru-rAjya meM jAkara apane svAmI ke kAryo ko siddha karanA hI guptacaroM kA pramukha kArya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| abhiSeka nATaka meM svapakSa aura zatru-pakSa ke ucca adhikAriyoM kI gatividhiyoM kI jAnakArI prApta karane ke sAtha-sAtha unameM va zatru-senA meM paraspara phUTa DAlanA hI guptacara kA parama karttavya mAnA gayA hai| rAvaNa ne rAma kI senA kA anumAna lagAne ke lie hI apane guptacaroM ko rAma ke zivira meM praviSTa karAyA thaa| mudrArAkSasa meM kRtya-pakSa arthAt bhIta, lubdha, kruddha aura apamAnita logoM ko vaza meM karanA bhI guptacaroM kA kartavya batAyA gayA hai|5 kirAtarjunIya mahAkAvya meM vibhinna upAyoM se rAjamahala kI Antarika gatividhiyoM kI sUcanA rAjA taka pahu~cAnA guptacara kA karttavya batAyA gayA hai| duryodhana apane guptacaroM ke mAdhyama se hI anya rAjAoM kA vRtAMta prApta karatA thaa| guptacaroM kA vizeSAdhikAra rAjyAnuzAsana kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hone ke kAraNa guptacaroM ko kucha vizeSAdhikAra bhI prApta the, jinake kAraNa unake pada kI garimA dviguNita ho jAtI thii| guptacara apane ina vizeSAdhikAroM kA prayoga svecchA se kisI bhI samaya kara sakatA thaa| zatru-rAjya meM rAjA dvArA bheje gaye samasta guptacaroM ko rAjya kI ora se samasta suvidhAe~ prApta karane kA adhikAra hotA thaa| ve

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anekAnta-56/3-4 jitanI mAtrA meM cAhe dhana, senA, azva Adi prApta kara sakate the| rAjA jina guptacaroM ko zatru-rAjya meM vetanabhogI bhRtya ke rUpa meM kArya grahaNa karane kA Adeza detA thA, una guptacaroM kI anupasthiti meM rAjya kI ora se unake parivAra ko Azraya dekara unakI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrNa kiyA jAtA thaa|28 jahA~ guptacara kA rAjA ke prati svAmibhakta honA anivArya thA, vahIM rAjA kA bhI yaha karttavya thA ki vaha apane svAmibhakta guptacaroM kI ora paryApta dhyAna dete hue unheM pracura mAtrA meM dhana aura Adara-sammAna pradAna kreN| guptacaroM ke bheda guptacaroM ke kAryo ko dRSTigata karate hue sAmAnyataH unake do bheda kiye gaye haiM-1. nAgarika guptacara, 2. sainika guptcr| ___ nAgarika guptacaroM kI niyukti rAjya kI Antarika surakSA evaM suvyavasthA ke lie kI jAtI thii| ye rAjya meM honevAlI pratyeka ghaTanA kA byaurA rAjA ke sammukha rakhate the| nAgarika guptacaroM ko kisI bhI samaya rAjA ke nikaTa jAne, yahA~ taka ki antapura meM praveza kA bhI adhikAra hotA thaa| nAgarika guptacara sAmAnya veSabhUSA me ghUmakara prajA ke vicAroM ko jAnane kA prayAsa karate the tathA rAjya-vyavasthA aura prajA vyavahAra kI jAnakArI rAjA ko prastuta karata the| rAjya kI Antarika surakSA kI dRSTi se vibhinna SaDyantroM kI jAnakArI prApta karanA isakA pramukha karttavya thaa| isake atirikta nAgarika guptacara prajA ke sukha-duHkha ko bhI rAjA taka pahu~cAne kA kArya karate the| sainika guptacara, guptacara-vyavasthA ke sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa aMga hote the, jo apane rAjya ke sAtha-sAtha zatru rAjyoM meM honevAle sainika kRtyoM kI jAnakArI bhI rakhate the| unakA pramukha kArya videzI rAjyoM meM honevAlI SaDyantrakArI ghaTanAoM kA samAcAra rAjA taka pahu~cAnA hotA thA, jisake lie ve vibhinna veza dhAraNa karake zatru-rAjya meM vicaraNa karate the| sainika guptacaroM ke mAdhyama se hI zatru-pakSa kI sainya vyavasthA, sainya-prazikSaNa, sainya-kauzala evaM sainya-zakti kA patA lagAne kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA thaa| sainika guptacaroM ko vizeSa prakAra kI zikSA dI jAtI thI, jisase ve zatru-pakSa ke puruSoM kI mukhAkRti, bolacAla,

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66 anekAnta-56/3-4 kaNTha, tAlu aura mUrdhA ke uccAraNa se hI unakI gatividhiyoM ko jJAta kara lete the| sainika guptacara zatru-rAjya kI sainya-zakti aura vahAM kI janatA kA manobala tor3ane kA bhI prayAsa karate rahate the| guptacaroM kI kArya-zailI guptacaroM kI sajagatA para hI usa deza kI surakSA evaM zAnti vyavasthA nirbhara rahatI thii| vibhinna kAryo ke lie bhinna-bhinna guptacara-daste taiyAra kiye jAte the, jo eka adhipati ke netRtva meM sadaiva rAjya kI sevA ke lie tatpara rahate the| ye guptacaradala vibhinna mAdhyamoM se apane svAmI ko gupta sUcanAe~ preSita karate rahate the| aneka avasaroM para nirdiSTa kArya-hetu mahilA guptacaroM kI niyukti bhI kI jAtI thii| zatru pakSa kA bheda nikAlane ke lie guptacaroM ko vibhinna kAryazailiyoM ko apanAnA hotA thaa| mudrArAkSasa nATaka meM varNana AyA hai ki kahIM koI guptacara AhiNDika (sapere) kA rUpa dhAraNa kiye hue hai, koI kSapaNaka (jaina sAdhu) banakara vicaraNa kara rahA hai, koI yama devatA kA bhakta banakara yamapaTTa lie ghUma rahA hai to koI zatruoM kA vizvasta banakara aura unase hI vetana prApta kara unakA pramukha adhikArI bana gayA hai| zatru-deza tathA zatra-senAoM meM bheda lene ke lie guptacara, zatru-sainikoM ke veza banAte the kintu aneka bAra bheda khulane para pakar3e bhI jAte the, jisa kAraNa unako kar3I yAtanAe~ bhI sahanI par3atI thI aura kabhI-kabhI to unakA vadha bhI kara diyA jAtA thaa| guptacaroM ko isa prakAra prazikSita kiyA jAtA thA ki sAtha rahane vAlA vyakti bhI unako na pahacAna ske| guptacara-vyavasthA itanI suvyasthita hotI thI ki guptacara ko bhI yaha nahIM patA hotA thA ki ve eka hI vyakti dvArA niyukta kiye gaye haiN| mudrArAkSasa ke vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki cANakya kA guptacara bauddha saMnyAsI ke rUpa meM niyukta jIvasiddhi, kSapaNaka ko bhI nahIM pahacAna sakA thA ki ve donoM cANakya dvArA hI niyukta the|" prAcIna bhAratIya guptacara-vyavasthA niHsandeha unnata tathA vikasita avasthA meM thii| jaba taka kisI rAjya kI guptacara-vyavasthA sudRr3ha aura suvyavasthita banI rahI aura zatru-deza tathA par3ausI-rAjya meM usake guptacara sakriya rahe, taba taka

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anekAnta-56/3-4 usa rAjya kA astitva banA rahA kintu yadi rAjanItika Alasya evaM pramAda-vaza guptacara-vyavasthA lacara huI, to vaha rAjya adhika samaya taka astitva meM nahIM raha skaa| sandarbha-saMketa 1 raghuvaza, 17,48, 2 kirAtArjunIya, 1 20, 3 vikramAkadevacarita, 14.28, 1 jAnakIharaNa, 11 1, 5 mudrArAkSasa, aka-1, 6 uttaragamacarita, aka-1, 7 arthazAstra, 1/11/1, zukranIti, 136, avimAraka, 6 10, 8 pratijJA, aka-3, 9 vikramAkadevarita, 11, 10. mahAbhArata, Adiparva, 134 63, 11 veNIsahAra, 6/2, 12 kirAtArjunIya, 11, 13 buddhacarita, 9,82, 14 kirAtArjunIya, 12, 15 vikramAkadevarita, 1, 1. 16 zizupAlavadha, 2 113, 17 mudrArAkSasa, aka-1, 18 veNIsahAra, 6/3-4, 19 arthazAstra, 110.6, 1 11 7, 20 mudrArAkSasa, aka-1-2 21 pratijJA0, aka-4, 22 mudrArAkSasa, aka-2, 23 kirAtArjunIya, 1 4-5, 24 abhiSeka, 4. 19, 25 mudrArAkSasa, aka-4, 26 kirAtArjunIya, 1 2), 27 avimAraka, 6/10, 28 pratijJA), aMka-1, 29 kumArasabhava, 3.17, 30 kirAtArjunIya, 11, 31 raghuvaza, 14.31, 32 zAstrI, nemicandra, mahAkavi bhAsa, pR 443, 33 mudrArAkSasa, aka-2, 34 mudrArAkSasa, aka-1 -rIDara, itihAsa vibhAga esa.DI. (pI.jI.) kAleja mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.)

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jainadarzana meM pramANa kA svarUpa aura usake bheda ___-DaoN. kapUracanda jaina saMsAra meM jitane jIva haiM, ve sabhI sukha cAhate haiM aura duHkha se bhayabhIta rahate haiN| daulatarAma jI ne likhA hai 'je tribhuvana meM jIva ananta sukha cAheM duHkha teM bhyvNt|" yadyapi saMsAra meM kSaNika sukha dikhAI detA hai kintu jIva kI pravRtti sthAyI sukha ko prApta karane kI ora ho tabhI usakA kalyANa ho sakatA hai| eka sAdhaka sAdhanA meM lIna the| kisI nikaTa bhavya ne jaba unase kalyANa kA mArga pUchA to acAnaka unake mukha se karuNA vazAt yaha sUtra nikala par3A 'samyagdarzanajJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaH / samyagadarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra ina tInoM se milakara mokSa kA mArga hai| eka-eka ke dvArA mokSa kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| isa para se bhavya ne phira prazna kiyA samyagdarzana kyA hai? parama dayAlu mahArAja ne kahA 'tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam" bhavya ne punaH prazna kiyA bhagavan ! tattvArtha kA zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai yaha to ThIka hai, para vaha samyagdarzana utpanna kaise hotA hai ve kauna se tattva haiM, jina para zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai| munirAja ne kahA he bhavya! vaha samyagdarzana nisarga arthAt upadezAdi rUpa bAhya nimitta ke binA aura adhigama arthAt upadeza rUpa bAhya nimitta se hotA hai| jIva, ajIva, Azrava, bandha, saMvara nirjarA aura mokSa ye sAta tattva haiN| nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva rUpa se samyagdarzana aura jIva Adi kA nyAsa arthAt nikSepa hotA hai| 'tnnisrgaaddhigmaadvaa|' 'jIvAjIvAsavabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam / ' 'naamsthaapnaadrvybhaavtstnyaasH|"

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anekAnta-56/3-4 69 1 bhavya ne prazna kiyA / tattvoM ke jAnane ke upAya kyA haiM? munirAja ne 5 kahA - ' pramANa nayairadhigamaH / " arthAt pramANa aura nayoM se padArtho kA jJAna hotA hai / isa prakAra dekheM to pramANa aura naya mokSa ke sAdhana haiM / pramANa kI paribhASA kyA haiM, aura pramANoM kI saMkhyA kitanI hai isa viSaya para bhAratIya darzanoM meM vistRta gaveSaNA upalabdha hotI hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM aura jaina nyAya granthoM meM isI kAraNa khaNDana - maNDana kI pravRtti bhI dikhAI detI hai / svamata yA svapakSa kA maNDana aura parapakSa yA paramata kA khaNDana darzana ke granthoM kA mukhya viSaya rahA hai / pramANa kA svarUpa :- pramANa zabda kA sAmAnyatayA vyutpattilabhya artha hai'pramIyate yena sa pramANam' arthAt jisake dvArA padArthoM kA jJAna ho usa dvAra kA nAma pramANa haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM jo pramANa kA sAdhakatama karaNa ho vaha pramANa hai| tarkabhASA meM kahA gayA hai- 'pramAkaraNaM pramANam', ki punaH karaNam ? sAdhakatamaM karaNam / atizayataM sAdhakaM sAdhakatamaM prkRssttkaarnnmityrthH|" isa sAmAnya nirvacana meM koI vivAda na hone para bhI usa dvAra meM vivAda haiN| naiyAyika Adi pramA meM sAdhakatama indriya aura sannikarSa ko mAnate haiM jabaki jaina aura bauddha jJAna ko hI pramA meM sAdhakatama kahate haiM / jaina darzana kI dRSTi hai ki jAnanA yA pramA rUpa kriyA cUkiM cetana hai ataH usameM sAdhakatama usI kA guNa- jJAna hI ho sakatA haiM acetana sannikarSa Adi nahIM, kyoMki sannikarSa Adi ke rahane para bhI jJAna utpanna nahIM ho sakatA aura sannikarSa Adi ke abhAva meM bhI jJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai / ataH jAnane rUpa kriyA kA sAkSAta avyavahita karaNa jJAna hI hai sannikarSa Adi nhiiN| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnA gayA hai / savArtha siddhiH meM kahA gayA hai 'pramiNoti pramIyate'nena pramiti mAtraM vA pramANam / " arthAt jo acchI taraha jJAna karatA hai, jisake dvArA acchI taraha

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70 anekAnta-56/3-4 jJAna kiyA jAtA hai yA pramiti mAtra pramANa hai| tiloya paNNatti meM spaSTa rUpa meM kaha diyA gayA hai- 'NANaM hodi pamANaM'' arthAt jJAna hI pramANa hai| inameM bhI samyagjJAna hI pramANa hai mithyAjJAna nhiiN| zloka vArtika meM kahA hai 'mithyAjJAnaM pramANaM na smygitydhikaartH| yathA yatrAvisaMvAdastathA tatra prmaanntaa||10 isa prakAra jaina darzana ke anusAra samyagjJAna hI pramANa hai| anya AcAryo kA cintana isI kendravindu ke Asa-pAsa ghUmatA rahA hai| AcArya smntbhdr| ne svaparAvabhAsI jJAna ko pramANa batAyA hai| nyAyAvatAra ke kartA siddhasena2 ne isameM bAdhArahita vizeSaNa lgaayaa| arthAt svaparAvabhAsI bAdhArahita jJAna ko pramANa btlaayaa| jaina nyAya ke prasthApaka akalaMkadeva ne kahIM to svaparAvabhAsI vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa' batalAyA hai aura kahIM 'anadhigatArtha avisaMvAdi jJAna' ko pramANa batalAyA hai| AcArya vidyAnaMda ne samyagjJAna ko pramANa batalAkara 'svArtha vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko samyagjJAna batalAyA hai| unhoMne 'anadhigata' pada ko chor3a diyA hai| AcArya mANikyadeva ne sva aura apUrva artha ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa batAkara eka prakAra se AcArya samantabhadra aura akalaMka deva kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| __pramANa ke svarUpa kA vicAra karate samaya dArzanika paramparA meM yaha bhI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki pramANa meM jo prAmANya hai vaha kaise utpanna hotA hai? aura yaha kaise patA calatA hai ki amuka jJAna pramANa hai aura amuka jJAna apramANa hai? arthAt prAmANya kI utpatti aura jJapti svataH hotI hai yA prtH| jainadarzana ke anusAra prAmANya svataH va parataH donoM prakAra se hotA hai| zloka vArtika meM kahA gayA hai tatrAzyAsAtpramANatvaM nizcitaM svataH eva nH| anabhyAse tu parataH ityaahuH|" arthAt abhyAsa dazA meM jJAnasvarUpa kA nirNaya karate samaya hI yugapat usake pramANapana kA bhI nirNaya kara liyA jAtA hai, parantu anabhyAsadazA meM to dUsare kAraNoM se (parataH) hI pramANapanA jAnA jAtA hai|

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anekAnta-56/3-4 71 jaina darzana AtmavAdI darzana hai ataH svabhAvika hI usakI dRSTi meM vastutaH AtmA hI prAmANya hai, jJAna nhiiN| isa viSaya meM dhavalA meM kahA gayA hai'jJAnasyaiva prAmANyaM kimiti neSyate / na, jAnAti parichinatti jIvAdipadArthAniti jJAnAtmA, tasyaiva praamaannyaabhyupgmaat| na jJAnaparyAyasya sthitirahitasya utpAda-vinAzalakSaNasya prAmANyam, tatra trilakSaNAbhAvataH / avastuni paricchedalakSaNArtha kriyAbhAvAt, smRti-pratyabhijJAnusaMdhAna pratyayAdInAmabhAva-prasaMgAcca / / 8 arthAta-jJAna ko hI pramANa svIkAra kyoM nahIM karate? uttara dete hue kahA hai-nahIM, kyoMki 'jAnAtIti jJAnam' isa nirukti ke anusAra jo jIvAdi padArtho ko jAnatA hai vaha jJAna arthAt AtmA hai| usI ko pramANa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| utpAda va vyaya svarUpa kintu sthiti se rahita jJAna paryAya kI pramANatA svIkAra nahIM kI gayI, kyoMki utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa lakSaNatraya kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa avastu svarUpa usameM paricchittirUpa arthakriyA kA abhAva hai tathA sthiti rahita jJAna paryAya ko pramANatA svIkAra karane para smRti pratyabhijJAna va anusaMdhAna pratyanoM ke abhAva kA prasaMga AtA hai| pramANa ke bheda :- pramANoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM bhI bhAratIya dArzanika ekamata nahIM hai| cArvAka kevala pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnatA hai| bauddha darzana pratyakSa va anumAna do pramANa mAnatA hai| sAkhya darzana pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama ina tIna pramANoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| nyAya darzana pratyakSa anumAna Agama va upamAna ina cAra pramANoM ko mAnatA hai| prabhAkara matAnuyAyI pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, upamAna va arthApatti ina pA~ca ko mAnate haiN| jaiminI (mImAsA darzana) pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, upamAna, arthApatti aura abhAva ina chaha pramANoM ko mAnatA hai| jaina darzana pratyakSa aura parokSa ina do hI pramANoM ko mAnatA hai| paM. kailAzacaMda jI zAstrI kA yaha kathana ThIka hI hai- 'pramANa kI carcA dArzanika yuga kI dena hai| isI se kundakunda ke pravacanasAra meM jJAna aura jJeya kI carcA hone para bhI pramANa aura prameya zabda nahIM milte| ataH kundakunda ne jJAna ke do hI bheda kiye haiM pratyakSa aura prokss| kintu kundakunda kI hI paramparA meM pravacanasAra ke pazcAt race gaye tattvArthasUtra nAmaka

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72 anekAnta-56/3-4 sUtragrantha meM, jo sambhavatayA itara darzanoM ke sUtra graMthoM se prabhAvita hokara usa kamI kI pUrti ke uddezya se racA gayA thA, jJAna ko hI pramANa batalAkara usake do bheda pratyakSa aura parokSa kiye haiN| yahIM se jaina darzana meM pramANa kI carcA kA sUtrapAta huA hai|' aba jaba pramANa ko jJAnarUpa siddha kiyA jA cukA hai to jJAna ke bheda hI pramANa ke bheda prameda mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM, jaina darzana meM jJAna ke pA~ca bheda svIkAra kiye gaye haiM, mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevl| yahI maulika jaina paramparA hai, ataH anya kisI darzana meM ye bheda nahIM pAye jAte dUsare jaina karma siddhAnta meM jJAna kA AvaraNa karane vAle jJAnAvaraNI karma ke pA~ca bheda inhIM bhedoM ko AdhAra mAnakara kiye gaye haiN| ye haiM-matijJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa, avadhijJAnAvaraNa, manaHparyayajJAnAvaraNa aura kevljnyaanaavrnn| tattvArtha sUtra meM ina pA~ca bhedoM kA kathana karake pahale inheM pramANa batAyA hai phira pramANa ke pratyakSa aura parokSa meM ina pAMcoM kA vibhAjana karate hue mati aura zrata ko parokSa pramANa tathA zeSa tIna jJAnoM ko pratpakSa pramANa batAyA hai| yathA 'mati zrutAvadhi manaHparyaya kevalAni jnyaanm|' 'ttprmaanne|' 'Adye prokssm|' 'prtykssmnyt| 20 arthAt mati zruta avadhi manaHparyaya aura kevala ye pA~ca jJAna hI pramANa hai| ye sabhI do pramANa svarUpa haiN| pahale ke do arthAt mati aura zruta parokSa haiM tathA zeSa avadhi manaHparyaya aura kevala ye tIna pratyakSa haiN| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne hI mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA nAmaka jJAnoM ko anarthAntara kahA hai_ 'matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram / / isa prakAra AcArya umAsvAmI ne apane samaya meM pracalita smRtiH pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna Adi pramANoM kA antarbhAva matijJAna meM karake jaina pramANa kA sikkA jamA diyaa| aba taka ke bhedoM ko eka rekhAcitra meM nimna prakAra

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anekAnta-56/3-4 pramANa parokSa pratyakSa mati (smRti, sajJA, cintA, ke abhinibodha) avadhi mana paryaya kevalajJAna dhAraNA avagraha IhA avAya dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne isa prakAra smRti Adi ko matijJAna me antarbhUta karake jaina nyAya kA sikkA to jamA diyA kintu anya dArzaniko dvArA indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnane ke sthAna para jaina darzana dvArA parokSa mAnane kI gutthI ko ve nahIM sulajhA ske| vAstavika dharAtala para jaina dArzanikoM kI yaha mAnyatA Tika nahIM pAtI thii| sabhI dArzanika indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa hI mAnate haiN| dUsarI gutthI parokSa ke bhedoM ko lekara bhI thii| prativAdiyoM kI ora se jaina dArzanikoM ke sAmane hamezA yaha prazna hotA thA ki yadi jaina anumAna Adi ko parokSa mAnate hai to unheM spaSTa karanA cAhie ki parokSa pramANa ke bhedoM kA sunizcita lakSaNa kyA hai? jaina nyAya pratiSThApaka AcArya akalaMkadeva ne zAstrAnukUla samAdhAna nikAlakara ina gutthiyoM ko hamezA ke lie sulajhA diyaa| unhoMne tattvArthasUtra ke 'tatpramANe' sUtra ko AdhAra mAnakara pramANa ke pratyakSa aura parokSa do hI bheda kiye kintu pratpakSa ke sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura mukhya pratyakSa ye do bheda kara diye| indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAle matijJAna ko parokSa kI paridhi meM se nikAlakara tathA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nAma dekara pratyakSa kI

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74 1-56/3-4 paridhi meM sammilita kara liyaa| isase prAcIna jaina paramparA ko koI kSati nahIM huI tathA vipakSiyoM ke muMha banda ho gye| prAcIna jaina paramparA indriyoM se hone vAle jJAna ko parokSa kahatI thI aura itara dArzanika use pratyakSa kahate the kintu use sAMvyavahArika arthAt laukika pratyakSa nAma de dene se jaina paramparA ko koI kSati nahIM huii| vastutaH nAma ke kAraNa hI vivAda thA, pratyakSa nAma de dene se vaha vivAda samApta ho gyaa| _smRti Adi pramANoM ko akalaMka deva ne sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM bhI antarbhUta kiyA aura parokSa zrutajJAna meM bhI jaba taka inameM zabda kA saMsarga na ho taba taka to inheM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mAnA jaaygaa| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke bhI do bheda kiye gaye hai| indriya pratyakSa aura anindriya prtykss| indriya pratyakSa meM matijJAna aura anindriya pratyakSa meM smRti Adi Ate haiM kyoMki unameM mana kA vyApAra hI pradhAna hotA hai| parantu yadi ye smRti Adi zabda kA sasarga lie hue hoM to unakA antarbhAva parokSa zrutajJAna meM kiyA gayA hai| akalaMka ne jo smRti Adi pramANo ko anindriya pratyakSa batalAyA usake mUla meM unakI kevala eka hI dRSTi thI vaha thI sUtrakAra kA unheM mati se anarthAntara batalAnA ataH jaba matijJAna ko indriya pratyakSa mAnA gayA to usake sahayogI smRti Adi ko pratyakSa ke antargata lenA hI caahie| akalaMka deva ke isa mata ko prAyaH sabhI ne svIkAra kiyA kintu akalaMka deva ke hI granthoM ke pramukha TIkAkara anantavIrya Araira vidyAnanda ne smRti Adi ko atindriya pratyakSa nahIM mAnA hai| vidyAnanda ne pramANa parIkSA meM akalaMka ke matAnusAra pratyakSa ke indriya pratyakSa anindriya pratyakSa aura atIndriya pratyakSa bheda to kiye kintu avagraha se lekara dhAraNA paryanta jJAna ko eka deza spaSTa hone ke kAraNa indriya pratyakSa aura anindriya pratyakSa mAnA tathA smRti Adi ko parokSa hI maanaa| uttarakAlIna jaina tArkikoM ne bhI indriya janya jJAna ko to eka mata se sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mAnanA svIkAra kiyA kintu smRti Adi ko kisI ne bhI anindriya pratyakSa nahIM maanaa| akalaMka deva ne umAsvAmI ke mata kI rakSA ke lie jo prayatna kiyA thA vaha saphala to nahIM ho sakA kintu unakI

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anekAnta-56/3-4 75 tArkika paddhati kA lohA, sabhI ne maanaa| akalaMka deva aura prAyaH anya sabhI dvArA mAnya pramANa svarUpa kA vargIkaraNa nimna rUpa meM spaSTa kara sakate haiN| pramANa pratyakSa parokSa mAvyavahArika (laukika) mukhya (pAramArthika) avagraha IhA avAya dhAraNA avadhi mana.paryaya kavala (sakalapratyakSa) smRti pratyamijJAna tarka anumAna Agama nyAyavinizcaya TIkA me pratyakSa ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN|- 1. devoM dvArA prApta divyajJAna, dravya va paryAya athavA sAmAnya va vizeSa ko jAnane vAlA jJAna tathA AtmA ko pratyakSa dekhane vAlA svasaMvedana jnyaan| sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra pratyakSa (pAramArthika) dezapratyakSa aura sarvapratyakSa ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| dhavalA meM inheM sakala pratyakSa va vikala pratyakSa kahA gayA hai| avadhi aura manaHparyaya deza yA vikala pratyakSa haiM tathA kevalajJAna sarva yA sakala pratyakSa haiN|24 pramANa pratyakSa parokSa sAvyavahArika pAramardhika sarva (vikala) (sakala) avadhi mana-paryaya

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76 anekAnta-56/3-4 yathA isa prakAra jaina darzana meM pramANa kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai mokSamArga meM yaha upAdeya hai| sandarbha 1 chahaDhAlA 1/1 2 tattvArthasUtra 1/1 3 vahI 1/2 4 vahI 1/3-5 6 vahI 1/6 7 tarkabhASA pRSTha 12-17 (sAhitya bhaNDAra saskaraNa) 8 sarvArthasiddhi 1/10/98/2 9 tiloya paNNatti 1/83 10 zlokavArtika 3/1/10/38/65 11 svaparAvabhAsaka yathA pramANa bhuvi buddhilakSaNam, vR sva 63 12 pramANa svaparAbhAsijJAna bAdhavivarjitam -nyAya0-1 13 'vyavasAyAtmaka jJAnamAtmArthagrAhaka matam' -laghIyastraya 60 14 'pramANabhavisavAdijJAnamanadhigatArtha lakSaNatvAt' - aSTamahasrI pR 174 15 'svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmaka jJAna pramANam' parIkSAmukha - 1-1 16 samyagjJAna pramANam svArthavyavasAyAtmaka samyagjJAnam -pra pra 53 17 zloka vArtika 3/1/10/126-1272119 (jaina si ko 3/4 144) 18 dhavalA 9/4, 1, 45, 142. 2 (jai si ko. 3/4 144) 19 jaina nyAya (bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana) prapTa 110 20 tattvArthasUtra 1/9-12 21 vahI 1/13 22 pramANa parIkSA 23. nyAya vi. TI 1/3,115/25 (jai si koSa 3/123) 24 dhavalA 9/4.1 45/142 (vahI 9 3/123) adhyakSa-saMskRta vibhAga, kundakunda jaina (pI. jI.) kAleja khataulI-251201 (u. pra.)

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dhyAna-dhyAtA-dhyeya -(DaoN.) zrImatI rAkA jaina saMsAra meM prANI nAnA prakAra kI Adhi (mana kI bImArI) vyAdhi (tana kI bImArI) aura upAdhi (kaSAyAdi bhAvanA kI bImArI) se trasta haiM, ve duHkhoM se mukta honA cAhate haiM kintu mukta nahIM ho pA rahe haiN| isakA ekamAtra kAraNa hai samyak zraddhA kA abhaav| saMsAra cakra se mukti pAne ke lie sahI puruSArtha hai mokSa / mokSa pAne taka dhyAna-dhyAtA-dhyeya hI eka mAtra sahAyaka hai| mokSa kA sAdhana dhyAna hai sAdhaka dhyAtA hai aura dhyeya sAdhya 'ArAdhyadeva' hai| dhyAna-dhyAtA-dhyeya kI abhinna dazA athavA samyagdarzanajJAnacAritra kA ekIkaraNa, sAdhya-sAdhana-sAdhaka kA samaSTi rUpa hI mokSadazA hai- kavivara dautalarAma jI ne spaSTa likhA hai jahAM dhyAna-dhyAtA-dhyeya ko na vikalpa vaca bhedana jahAM, cidbhAva karma cideza karatA cetanA kiriyA thaaN| tInoM abhinna akhinna zuddha upayoga kI nizcaladazA pragaTI jahAM dRga jJAna vrata-ye tInadhA ekai lshaa| dhyAna dhyAna Abhyantara tapa ke antargata parigaNita hai| citta ke vikSepa kA tyAga karanA dhyAna tapa hai| AcArya umAsvAmi ne uttama saMhanana vAle ko dhyAtA kI saMjJA dI hai aura dhyAtA ke dvArA antamuhUrta taka eka viSaya meM cittavRtti ko rokanA dhyAna hai yathA 'uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyaanmntrmuhuurtaat|' 9/27 jJAna vyagra hotA hai aura dhyAna ekaagr| ataH citta kI caMcalatA ko rokane ke lie AcArya umAsvAmI ne ekAgra zabda diyA hai| cintAnirodha dhyAna kA

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78 anekAnta-56/3-4 vizeSaNa hai, cintA jJAna kI paryAya hai| usa jJAna kI vyagratA dUra honA hI dhyAna hai| jainadarzana meM ekAgra dhyAna kI pradhAnatA hai 'agra' se abhiprAya AtmA hai| dhyAna meM AtmA ko hI pradhAna lakSya mAnA gayA hai| dhyAna svavRtti hai / dhyAna meM bAhya cintAoM se nivRtti hotI hai| dhyAna ke lie 'ekAgracintAnirodha' hI yathArtha hai / kisI eka viSaya meM nirantara rUpa se jJAna kA rahanA dhyAna hai aura vaha vAstava meM kramarUpa hI hai / jo moha aura rAgadveSa se dUra hai tathA mana, vacana, kAya rUpa yogo ke prati upekSita hai usako zubhAzubha ko jalAne vAlI dhyAnamaya agni prakaTa hotI hai / tatvAnuzAsana ke anusAra AtmA, apane AtmA ko, apane AtmA meM, apane AtmA ke dvArA apane AtmA ke lie, apane-apane Atmahetu se dhyAtA hai isalie kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna aura adhikaraNa- aise SaTkAraka rUpa pariNata AtmA hI dhyAna svarUpa hai I dhyAna ke aMga dhyAtA, dhyAna, dhyeya va dhyAna - phala rUpa cAra aMga vAlA dhyAna aprazasta aura prazasta ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai dhyAna ke bheda dhyAna kA yathArtha svarUpa jAnanA ho to usake bheda-prabheda ko jAnanA atyAvazka hai| Agama kathanAnusAra vicAradhArA aneka prakAra kI haiM kyoMki AtmA (jIva ) kA svabhAva pariNamanazIla hai| zubhAzubha asaMkhya vicAradhArAoM ko samajhanA kaThina hone se jJAniyoM ne unheM cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| unheM dhyAna kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / Agama meM mukhyataH dhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM : 1. Artta dhyAna, 2. raudradhyAna, 3. dharmadhyAna 4. zukladhyAna / Agamakathita ArttadhyAna ke cAra bheda (1) amanojJa - viyogacintA - amanojJa zabda, rUpa, gaMdha rasa aura sparza tathA unake sAdhanabhUta vastuoM kA saMyoga hone para unake viyoga kI cintA

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anekAnta-56/3-4 19 karanA amanojJa viyogacintA ArttadhyAna hai| (2) manojJa-aviyogacintA- pAMcoM indriyoM ke vibhinna manojJa viSayoM kA evaM mAtA, pitA, putra putrI, patnI, bhAI, bahana, mitra, svajana, parijana Adi sabake milane para viyoga na hone kA adhyavasAya (vicAra) karanA tathA bhaviSya meM bhI inakA viyoga na ho aisA nirantara socanA manojJa-aviyogacintA nAmaka dvitIya ArtadhyAna hai| (3) AtaMka (roga) viyogacintA- vAta, pitta aura kapha ke prakopa se utpanna vyAkulatA ko dUra karane ke lie satat cintita rahanA 'AtaMka-viyogacintA' nAmaka tIsarA ArtadhyAna hai| (4) bhogecchA athavA nidAna- pAMcoM indriyoM meM do indriyAM kAmI (kAna-AMkha) haiM jabaki zeSa tIna indriyAM (rasana, dhrANa, sparzana) bhogI haiN| ina pAMcoM indriyoM ke pAMca viSaya haiM-zabda, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sprsh| ina indriyoM ke dvArA kAma-bhogoM ko bhogane kI icchA karanA hI 'bhogecchA' nAmaka cauthA ArtadhyAna hai| raudradhyAna ke bheda raudradhyAna ke bheda-Agama kathita raudradhyAna ke cAra bheda isa prakAra hai (1) hiMsAnubaMdhi-dravya aura bhAva donoM prakAra kI hiMsA kA cintana krnaa| vartamAna kAla meM bhI hiMsA ke vividha prakAra dRSTigocara hote haiM ve saba hiMsAnubaMdhi raudradhyAna hI haiN| ise 'hiMsAnandi' bhI kahate haiN| (2) mRSAnubaMdhi- jhUTha bolanA Adi isake aneka prakAra hai| ise 'mRSAnaMda' yA 'mRSAnandi' bhI kahate haiN| (3) steyAnubaMdhi-corI karanA, DAkA DAlanA, corI kI vastu Adi lenA steyAnubaMdhi raudra-dhyAna hai| ise 'cauryAnanda' yA 'cauryAnandi' bhI kahate haiN| (4) saMrakSaNAnubandhI-vastu, padArtha, AbhUSaNa Adi kA saMrakSaNa karane kI tIvra bhAvanA rakhane kA cintana karanA saMrakSaNAnubandhI raudradhyAna hai| ise

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80 anekAnta-56/3-4 'saMrakSaNAnanda' athavA 'viSayAnandi' yA 'viSaya - saMrakSaNAnubandhI' bhI kahate haiM / dharmadhyAna ke bheda (1) ajJAvicaya dharma dhyAna - (yaha ) AjJA + vicaya ina do 'zabdoM' ke sayoga se banA hai / 'AjJA' zabda se 'Agama' 'siddhAnta' aura 'jinavacana' ko liyA jAtA hai / vicaya kA artha cintana yA abhyAsa hai 1 ( 2 ) apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna- rAgAdi kriyA, kaSAyAdibhAva, mithyAtvAdi hetu Asrava ke pAMca kArya, 4 prakAra kI vikathA, 3 prakAra kA gaurava (aizvarya, sukha, rasa - sAtA), 3 zalya ( mAyA zalya, mithyAdarzanazalya, nidAnazalya) 22 parISaha (kSudhA tRSA, zIta- USNa, daMza-mazaka, nagnatva, arati, strI, caryA, niSadyA zayyA, Akroza, vadha, yAcanA, alAbha, roga, tRNasparza, jalla ( pasInA), satkAra - puraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura adarzana) ina sabhI upAyoM kA upAya socanA vicAraNA hI 'apAyavicaya' dharmadhyAna hai / (3) vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna- karma cAra rUpa meM badha ko prApta hote haiMprakRtibaMdha, sthitibaMdha, rasabadha aura pradezabadha / inake vipAkodaya kA cintana karanA 'vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna' hai / ( 4 ) saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna- 'saMsthAna' kA artha 'saMsthiti', 'avasthiti', 'padArtho kA svarUpa' hai| 'vicaya' kA artha - cintana athavA abhyAsa hai| isameM loka kA svarUpa, AkAra, bheda, SaT dravya- unakA svarUpa, lakSaNa, bheda, AdhAra, svabhAva, pramANa, dvIpa, samudra, nadiyAM Adi loka meM sthita sabhI padArthoM kA, utpAda - vyaya, dhauvyAdi paryAyoM kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai 17 dharmadhyAna kI cAra anuprekSA (1) ekatva - anuprekSA - akelepana kA cintana krnaa| jisase ahaMkAra kA nAza hotA hai / (2) anitya- anuprekSA-padArtho kI anityatA kA cintana karanA / isa bhAvanA ke satata cintana se mamatva kA nAza ho jAtA hai /

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anekAnta-56/3-4 81 (3) azaraNa-anuprekSA-azaraNa dazA kA cintana krnaa| saMsAra meM jo vasta nitya, anitya, kSaNika aura nAzavAna haiM ve sabhI azaraNa-rUpa haiN| janma jarA aura maraNa, Adhi-vyAdhi-upAdhi se pIr3ita jIvoM kA saMsAra meM koI zaraNa nahIM hai| zaraNa rUpa yadi koI hai to eka mAtra jinendra kA vacana hii| (4) saMsAra-anuprekSA-caturgati meM paribhramaNa karAne vAle janma-maraNa rUpa cakra ko saMsAra kahate haiN| jIva isa saMsAra meM dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva rUpa paMca saMsAra cakra meM mithyAtavAdi ke tIvrodaya se duHkhita hokara bhramaNa karatA hai| ataH saMsAra paribhramaNa kA cintana karanA saMsArAnuprekSA hai| zukladhyAna ke bheda cetanA kI svAbhAvika (upAdhi-rahita) pariNati ko 'zukladhyAna' kahA jAtA hai| usake cAra prakAra haiM (1) pRthaktva-vitarka-savicAra (savicArI)-inameM tIna zabda Aye hue haiM jinakA artha hai- 'pRthaktva'-bheda, 'vitarka'-vizeSa tarkaNA (dvAdazAgazruta), aura 'vicAra'-'vi'-vizeSa rUpa se, 'cAra' calanA yAnI artha-vyaMjanA (zabda) aura yoga (mana-vacana-kAya) meM saMkrAnti (badalanA) karanA hI 'vicAra' hai| (2) ekatva-vitarka-avicAra (avicArI)-isameM citta kI sthiti vAyurahita dIpaka kI lau kI bhAMti hotI hai| jaba eka dravya yA kisI eka paryAya kA abheda-dRSTi se cintana kiyA jAtA hai aura pUrva-zruta kA Alambana liyA jAtA hai tathA jahAM zabda, artha evaM mana, vacana aura kAyA meM se eka dUsare meM saMkramaNa kiyA jAtA hai, tIna yoga meM se koI bhI eka hI yoga dhyeya rUpa meM hotA hai| eka hI dhyeya hone ke kAraNa artha, vyaMjanA aura yoga meM ekAtmakatA rahatI hai| dravya-guNa-paryAya meM merUvata nizcala avasthita citta vAle caudaha, dasa aura nau pUrvadhArI kSAyika samyagdRSTi jIva hI antarmuhUrta kAla taka dhyAna karate haiN| ve asaMkhyAta-asaMkhyAta guNazreNikrama se karmaskandhoM kA ghAta karate hue jJAnAvaraNa-darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya ina tIna karmoM ko kevalajJAna ke prApta hone ke bAda antarmuhUrta meM hI yugapad nAza karate haiN| taba jIva zuddha nirmala kSAyika

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anekAnta-56/3-4 samyaktva ko prApta karatA hai| zukladhyAna kI isa sthiti ko 'ekatva-vitarka-avicAra' kahA jAtA hai| (3) sUkSmakriyA-anivRtti pratipAtI-dvitIya zuklAdhyAnAvasthA meM sAdhaka AtmA ko kevalajJAna ho jAne se vaha samasta vastuoM ke dravya aura paryAyoM ko yugapad jAnane laga jAtA hai| ghAtikarma ko kSaya kara detA hai aura aghAtikarma zeSa rahate haiN| jinakI Ayu-karma kama ho aura zeSa tIna karmo kI sthiti adhika ho to Ayusama karane ke lie unake 'kevalI-samudaghAta' hotA hai| (4) samucchinna-kriyA-apratipAtI-tIsare dhyAna ke bAda caturtha dhyAna prArambha hotA hai| isameM yogoM (mana-vacana-kAya kA vyApAra) kA pUrNataH uccheda ho jAtA hai| sUkSmakriyA kA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai, usa avasthA ko 'samucchinna-kriyA-apratipAtI' kahA jAtA hai| isakA patana nahIM hotA, isalie yaha apratipAtI hai| dhyAna ko jAnane ke upAya dhyAna ko samajhane ke lie nimna binduoM para vicAra karanA caahie| (1) dhyAna kI bhAvanA (jJAna, darzana, cAritra, vairAgya evaM maitryaadi)| (2) dhyAna ke lie ucita deza yA sthaan| (3) dhyAna ke lie ucita kAla / dhyAna ke lie ucita aasn| (5) dhyAna ke lie aalNbn| (6) dhyAna kA krama (manonirodha yA yognirodh)| (7) dhyAtA kA viSaya (dhyeya) (8) dhyAtA kauna? (9) anuprekssaa| (10) shuddhleshyaa| (11) dhyAna kA phala (saMvara, nirjarA)

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anekAnta-56/3-4 83 bauddhadRSTi se dhyAna zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA isa trividha sAdhanA paddhati meM sampUrNa bauddha-sAdhanA kA digdarzana hai| inameM 'samAdhi' ke antargata hI dhyAnayoga kA svarUpa spaSTa kiyA hai| 'dhyAna' zabda ke sAtha hI sAtha samAdhi, vimukti, zamatha, bhAvanA, vizuddhi, vizcayanA, adhicitta, yoga kammaTThAna, pradhAna, nimitta, ArambhaNa, lakkhaNa Adi zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai| yahAM para 'dhyAna' samAdhi pradhAna pAribhASika zabda hai| dhyAna kA zAbdika artha hai-cintana krnaa| yahAM 'dhyAna' se tAtparya hai akuzala karmo kA dahana krnaa| akuzala karmo ke dahana ke lie zIla, samAdhi, prajA evaM cAra Arya satya (1. duHkha, 2. duHkha samudaya, 3. duHkha nirodha gAminI pratipadA, 4. Arya satya ke antargata aSTAnhikA sAdhanA mArga) Adi sAdhanoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki akuzala karmo kA mUla lobha aura moha hai| inhIM kA dahana sAdhanA aura dhyAna se kiyA jAtA hai| kintu yahAM akuzala karmo se pAMca nIvaraNoM ko liyA gayA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se dhyAna manovaijJAnikoM kA kathana hai ki jinakA mAnasika tanAva adhika bar3ha jAtA hai taba usa para niyaMtraNa karane ke lie dhyAna kI prakriyA kI jAtI hai| dhyAna prakriyA meM zarIra aura mana kA agragaNya sthAna hotA hai| isIliye Adhunika manovijJAna bhI zarIra aura mana ke anusaMdhAna meM lagA huA hai| mAnasika prakriyA meM "dhyAna" kI sthiti taka pahuMcane ke lie tIna mAnasika staroM yA prakriyAoM se gujaranA par3atA hai| ve mAnasika stara isa prakAra (1) cetana mana, (2) cetanonmukha mana (3) acetana mn| ina 'mana' ke tIna staroM ko phrAyaDa ne nATyazAlA ke samAna batAyA hai| nATyazAlA kI raMgabhUmi samAna 'cetana mana', nATyazAlA kI sajAvaTa samAna

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84 anekAnta-56/3-4 'acetana mana' aura raMgazAlA meM praveza karane kI bhAMti 'cetanonmukha mana' hai| mana ko barpha kI upamA dI hai| manovaijJAnikoM ne mana kI vRtti tIna prakAra kI batAI hai, jaise ki-(1) jJAnAtmaka, (2) vedanAtmaka aura (3) kriyaatmk| dhyAna mana kI kriyAtmaka vRtti hai evaM cetanA kI sabase adhika vyApaka kriyA kA nAma hai| dhyAna mana kI vaha kriyA hai jisakA pariNAma jJAna hai| pratyeka prakAra ke jJAna ke lie dhyAna kI AvazyakatA hai| jAgRta avasthA meM kisI na kisI vastu para dhyAna kiyA jAtA dhyAna ke sopAna-Agama evaM granthoM ke kathanAnusAra dhyAna ke do sopAna mAne gaye haiM-(1) chadmastha kA dhyAna aura (2) jina kA dhyaan| mana kI sthiratA chadmastha kA dhyAna hai jo antarmuhUrta pramANa hai aura jina kA dhyAna kAyA kI sthiratA hai| dhyAtA dharma va zukla dhyAnoM ko dhyAne vAle yogI ko dhyAtA kahate haiN| zukladhyAna to pUrvavid ko hI hotA hai parantu dharmadhyAna pUrvavida ko bhI hotA hai aura alpazruta ko bhii| mahApurANa ke anusAra yadi dhyAna karane vAlA muni caudahapUrva kA yA dazapUrva kA yA nau pUrva kA jAnane vAlA ho to dhyAtA sampUrNa lakSaNoM se yukta kahalAtA hai| alpazrutajJAnI atizaya buddhimAna aura zreNI se pahale dharmadhyAna dhAraNa karane vAlA utkRSTa muni bhI uttama dhyAtA kahalAtA hai| dravya saMgraha ke anusAra pAMca samiti aura tIna gupti ko pratipAna karane vAle sArabhUta zrutajJAna se bhI dhyAna hotA hai| cAritrasAra ke anusAra prazasta dhyAna kA dhyAtA mana, vacana, kAya ko vaza meM rakhane vAlA hotA hai| "mumukSurjanmanirviNNaH zAntacittovazI sthirH| jitAH saMvRto dhIro dhyAtA zAstre prshsyte|| jo mumukSu ho, uttama saMhanana vAlA ho, saMsAra se virakta ho, Arta-raudra dhyAna se dUra, azubha lezyAoM se rahita, lezyAoM kI vizuddhatA se avalambita,

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anekAnta-56/3-4 85 zAnta citta, citta saMvarayukta ho aura upasarga Ane para na Dige aise dhyAtA kI hI zAstroM meM prazaMsA kI gaI hai| isake viparIta jo mAyAcArI ho, muni hokara bhI jo parigraha dhArI ho| khyAtilAbha pUjA ke vyApAra meM Asakta ho indriyoM kA dAsa ho, virAgatA ko prApta na huA-se dhyAtA ko dhyAna kI prApti nahIM hotii| dhyeya jo azubha tathA zubha padArtho kA kAraNa ho use dhyaye kahate haiN| dhavalA ke anusAra jinendra bhagavAna dvArA upadiSTa sAta tatva eva nau padArtha dhyeya hai| hamAre dhyAna karane yogya vItarAga deva hai, kevalajJAna ke dvArA jisane trikAla-gocara ananta paryAyoM se upacita chaha dravyoM ko jAna liyA hai, jo ajara hai, amara hai, achedya hai, samasta lakSaNoM se paripUrNa hai ataeva darpaNa meM saMkrAnta haI manuSya kI chAyA ke samAna hokara bhI samasta manuSyoM ke prabhAva se pare hai, avyakta hai akSaya hai jina jIvoM ne apane svarUpa meM citta lagAyA hai unake samasta pApoM kA nAza karane vAlA aisA jinadeva dhyAna karane yogya hai| arhanta bhagavAna dhyeya haiN| jisane pahale uttama prakAra se abhyAsa kiyA hai vaha puruSa hI bhAvanAoM dvArA dhyAna kI yogyatA ko prApta hotA hai aura ve bhAvanAeM ratnatraya rUpa haiN| dhyeya ke bheda-zabda, artha aura jJAna-isa taraha tIna prakAra kA dhyeya kahA jAtA hai| muni AjJA, apAya, vipAka aura loka-saMsthAna kA Agama ke anusAra citta kI ekAgratA ke sAtha cintavana kre| adhyAtmavettAoM ke dvArA nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva rUpa cAra prakAra kA dhyeya samasta tathA vyasta donoM rUpa se dhyAna ke yogya mAnA gayA hai athavA dravya aura bhAva ke bheda ve dvividha hai| isa prakAra padArtho kA cintaka hI jIvoM ke prazasta yA aprazasta bhAvoM kA kAraNa hai isalie dhyAna ke prakaraNa meM yaha viveka Avazyaka hai ki kauna va kaise padArtha dhyAna kie jAne yogya haiM aura kauna nhiiN|

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86 anekAnta-56/3-4 upasaMhAra dhyAna ko vyavahArika jIvana meM bhI upayogI banAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha mAtra siddhAnta nahIM hai tathA hamArI pUjA prakriyA meM isIlie sammilita kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha hamAre jIvana meM upayogI hai| -AcArya tulasI dvArA pravartita anuprekSA dhyAna ke dvArA bahuta loga svasthya hote dekhe gae haiN| isI prakAra AcArya gosana dvArA bauddha vipazyanA paddhati ko vyavahAra meM caritArtha karake siddha kiyA jAtA hai| __ mithyAdRSTi se haTakara samyagdRSTi meM AnA hI dhyAna kI prakriyA hai| dhyAna se AdhyAtmika parama sukha kI prApti hotI hai sAtha hI sAtha zArIrika aura mAnasika vikAsa bhI uttarottara hotA rahatA hai| kAyA kI sthiratA, mana kI nirmalatA, vacana kI madhuratA, hRdaya kI pavitratA dhyAna se hI prApta hotI hai| dazA ko badalane ke lie dizA ko badalanA hogaa| dizA kA parivartana AcAra-vicAra-uccAra kI nirmalatA se hotA hai| cittazuddhi se karma-malAdi kA zodhana hotA hai| jaise-maile-kucaile vastra ko pAnI se, lohe ko agni se, kIcar3a ko sUrya kiraNoM se zodhana kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI dhyAna rUpI pAnI, agni, sUrya se karmamala kA parizIlana (chAnana) kiyA jAtA hai| ataH dhyAnAgni se hI karma Idhana ko jalAyA jA sakatA hai| dhyAna jIvana parivartana kI parama auSadhi hai| janma maraNa kA roga bhayaMkara hai| dravyaroga kI davA DaoNkTara ke pAsa hai, bhAvaroga kI nhiiN| vaha to dhyAnayoga ke hI pAsa hai| sanatkumAra cakravartI, Adi bhavyAtmAoM ne dhyAna bala se bhAvaroga ko nAza kara kiyaa| samatva yoga kI sAdhanA hI dhyAna kI sAdhanA hai| dhyAna kA AdhAra samabhAva hai aura samabhAva kA AdhAra dhyAna hai| prazasta dhyAna se kevala sAmya hI sthira nahIM hotA, apitu karmamala se malina jIvana kI zuddhi hotI hai| ataH dhyAna kiyA nahIM jAtA vaha phalita hotA hai| hamAre zArIrika mAnasika santulana dazA kA pariNAma hI dhyAnAvasthA hai| vartamAna kAlIna paristhiti meM zAnti pAne ke lie ekamAtra parama auSadhi hai 'dhyAna' / dhyAna kI prakriyA se Atmika zAnti milatI hai|

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jaina anuzAsana ke mUla tattva -ku. rekhA jaina 'anuzAsana' : niSpatti aura nihitArtha- anuzAsana zabda kI niSpatti - anu + zAs + lyuTa arthAt anu upasarga-pUrvaka zAs dhAtu se lyuT pratyaya jor3ane para aura lyuTa meM se zeSa rahe yu ke sthAna para kRdanta kA an pratyaya karane para hotI hai| anuzAsana kA artha-Adeza, protsAhana, zikSaNa niyamoM, vidhiyoM kA banAnA, Adeza yA zikSA ke zabda, saMjJAoM ke liGga sambandhI niyamoM kA nirdhAraNa tathA vyAkhyA hai| zabdakozakAroM ne anuzAsana zabda kA bahuta vyApaka artho meM prayoga kiyA hai| isakA prayoga unhoMne Adeza, AjJA, upadeza aura zikSA ke artha meM to kiyA hI hai 'eDaminisTrezana' (Administration) tathA 'Disiplina' (Dicipline) ke artha me bhI isakA prayoga kiyA hai| rAjya samUha, samAja varga yA saMsthA ke sabhI sadasyoM ko acchI taraha se kArya karane kI vidhi athavA AcaraNa karane ke liye anivAryatA nirdezita karane kI prakriyA, anuzAsana arthAt 'eDaminisTrezana' (Administration) aura niyama pAlana (Discipline) hI vastutaH 'anuzAsana' hai| ___"jaina" : vyatpatyartha aura prayoga- 'jaina' zabda 'jina' se niSpanna hotA hai| 'jina' zabda saMskRta kI 'ji' dhAt ke garbha se janmA hai| yaha jItane ke artha meM prayukta hai| 'jayati karmazatrUna iti jinaH' arthAt jo indriyo ko tathA karma rUpI zatruoM ko jItatA hai vaha 'jina' hai| 'jina' koI IzvarIya avatAra na hokara kAma, krodha Adi vikAroM/vibhAvoM ko jItane vAle sAmAnya manuSya hote haiM 'jina' ke anuyAyI 'jaina' kahalAte haiN| jaina kA artha huA 'jina' kA anuzaraNa karane vaalaa| jina ke caraNa cinhoM para calane vaalaa|

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88 anekAnta-56/3-4 ahiMsA : sAmyavAda kI abhivyaJjaka mahAzakti- jaina anuzAsana kI mUlabhitti ahiMsA hai| yaha sAmyavAda kI abhivyaJjaka mahAzakti hai| isakA jitanA sUkSma vivecana jaina paramparA meM milatA hai, utanA anya kisI paramparA meM nhiiN| pratyeka AtmA cAhe vaha kisI bhI yoni meM kyoM na ho tAttvika dRSTi se samAna hai| cetanA ke dharAtala para samasta prANI samUha eka jaise haiN| usameM koI bheda nahIM hai| jaina dRSTi kA yaha 'sAmyavAda' bhArata ke liye gaurava kI vastu hai| isI sAmyavAda ke AdhAra para jaina paramparA yaha ghoSaNA karatI hai ki sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, koI bhI prANI maranA nahIM caahtaa| ataH hamArA kartavya hai ki hama mana se bhI kisI ke vadha kI bAta na soce zarIra se hatyA kara denA to pApa hai hI, kintu mana meM tadviSayaka bhAva honA bhI pApa hai| mana, vacana, kAya se kisI bhI prANI ko saMtApa nahIM denA, unakA vadha nahIM karanA, use kaSTa nahIM denA yahI saccI ahiMsA hai| isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya zrI kunda-kunda kahate haiM ki'ucacAliyamhi pAe iriyAsamidassa nniggmtthaae| AbAdhejja kuliMga marijja taM jogmaasejj|| -pra.sA.mU.gA. 3.17(1) Na hi tassa taNNimitto baMdho suhamo ya desido smye| mucchA pariggahocciya ajjhappamANado dittttho||' -pra.mA.mU gA 3 17 (2) arthAt yadi koI manuSya sAvadhAnIpUrvaka jIvoM ko bacAte huye dekhabhAla kara cala rahA hai, phira bhI yadi kadAcit koI jIva usake pairoM ke nIce Akara mara bhI jAe to use tajjanya hiMsA saMbaMdhI sUkSma pApa bhI nahIM lagatA kyoMki usake mana meM hiMsA ke bhAva nahIM haiM tathA vaha sAvadhAna hai| ___ isake viparIta yadi koI manuSya 'merI isa pravRtti se kisI kA ghAta ho rahA hai yA nahIM, kisI ko kaSTa pahuMca rahA hai yA nahIM isa bAta kA vicAra kie binA ekadama lAparavAhI aura asAvadhAnI se cala rahA hai to use hiMsA nimittaka pApa Avazya lagegA bhale hI jIva kA vadha ho yA na ho| 'maradu va jIyadu va jIvo ayadAcArasya NicchidA hiNsaa| payadassa Natthi baMdho hiMsAmetteNa smidss||' -pra.sA.mU.gA. 3.17

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anekAnta-56/3-4 89 arthAt yadi koI asavAdhAnI pUrvaka ayatnAcArI banakara apanI pravRtti kara rahA hai to jIva mare yA na mare, use tajjanya pApa se koI bacA nahIM sakatA; tathA sAvadhAnI se prayatnapUrvaka calane vAle manuSya dvArA hisA ho jAne para bhI vaha pApa kA bhAgIdAra nahIM hotaa| vanaspati jagat se lekara mAnava taka kI ahiMsA kI yaha kahAnI jaina anuzAsana kI viziSTa dena hai| vicAroM meM ekAtmavAda kA Adarza to anyatra bhI mila jAtA hai, kintu anuzAsana para jitanA bala jainadarzana meM diyA gayA hai utanA anyatra nahIM mila sktaa| ahiMsA kA utkarSa jaina anuzAsana kI apanI maulika dena hai| anekAntavAda : vaicArika udAratA kA paricAyaka- jaina anuzAsana kA mUla tattva sArvajanIna vaicArika udAratA kA jJApaka syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda kA siddhAnta hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai| arthAt eka hI vastu paraspara virodhI aneka dharmo, gaNoM kA piMDa hai| use samajhane ke liye anekAntAtmaka dRSTi ko apanAnA jarUrI hai| anekAnta kA artha hai-ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ko tat tat dRSTi se svIkAra kara vastu kA samagra bodha karAne vAlI dRsstti| usake binA vastu kA samagra bodha nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vastu ko hama jaisI dekhate haiM vastu vaisI hI nahIM hai, apitu use una jaisI ananta dRSTiyoM se dekhe jAne kI saMbhAvanA hai| hamArA svalpa jJAna samagra vastu ko viSaya nahIM banA sktaa| jaba taka hama vastu ko samagra dRSTi se nahIM dekhate taba taka hame usakA samagra bodha nahIM ho sktaa| vastu ke samagra bodha ke lie anekAntAtmaka dRSTi ko apanAnA jarUrI hai| jaba vastu tattva hI anekAntAtmaka hai to usake prarUpaNa ke lie kisI bhASA-zailI ko apanAnA bhI jarUrI hai| syAdvAda usI bhASA-zailI kA nAma hai| prAyaH anekAnta aura syAdvAda ko paryAyavAcI mAna liyA jAtA hai| kintu donoM paryAyavAcI nahIM haiN| anekAnta jJAnAtmaka hai aura syAdvAda vacanAtmaka; anekAnta pratipAdya hai to syAdvAda prtipaadk| haoN! anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ko paryAyavAcI kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina graMthoM meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki 'syAt' zabda anekAnta kA vAcI zabda hai jo eka nizcita dRSTikoNa ko prakaTa karatA

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anekAnta-56/3-4 hai| vastutaH 'syAdvAda' anekAntAtmaka vastu tattva ko abhivyakta karane kI praNAlI hai| 'syAdvAda' pada 'syAt' aura 'vAda' ina do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai| 'syAta' yaha eka nipAta zabda hai| isakA artha 'zAyada' yA saMdeha nhiiN| isakA artha hai kathaJcita, kisI apekSA se, kisI dRSTi vizeSa se| vAda zabda kA artha hai mAnyatA, kathana, vacana athavA prtipaadn| jo 'syAt' kA kathana athavA pratipAdana karane vAlA hai vaha syAdvAda hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jo virodhI dharma kA nirAkaraNa na karatA huA apekSA vizeSa se vivakSita pakSa/dharma kA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha 'syAdvAda' hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizeSajJa manISI DaoN. 'rAmadhArI siMha dinakara' kA spaSTa abhimata hai ki 'anekAnta kA anusaMdhAna bhArata kI ahiMsA-sAdhanA kA carama utkarSa hai aura sArA saMsAra ise jitanI zIghra apanAyegA, vizva meM zAnti bhI utanI hI zIghra sthApita hogii|' jaina darzana ke manISI DaoN. bhAgenda kA spaSTa abhimata hai ki-jaina dharma kevala zArIrika ahiMsA taka hI sImita nahIM, varan vaha bauddhika ahiMsA ko bhI anivArya mAnatA hai| yaha bauddhika ahiMsA hI jaina-darzana kA 'syAdvAda' yA anekAntavAda hai| yaha vizva ke darzanoM meM anUThI vastu hai| isake mahattva ko dezI-videzI sabhI vicArakoM ne eka svara se svIkAra kiyA hai| Aja vizva meM azAMti kA mUla kAraNa yahI hai ki eka mata yA vAda ko mAnane vAle loga apane se bhinna mata yA vAda ko mAnane vAle logoM ko A~kha banda kara galata samajhate haiN| loga apane pratipakSiyoM ke prati asahiSNu ho jAte haiN| aisI sthiti meM bhI yaha satya hai ki koI bhI mata pUrNa satya athavA pUrNa asatya nahIM hai| vastu eka ora se jaisI dikhAI par3atI hai, dUsarI ora se vaisI hI dikhAI nahIM pdd'tii| ataH binA viveka ke kisI bhI mAnyatA yA mata ko sarvathA khaNDita karane kA kArya hiMsA kA kArya hai| satya ko pahacAnane ke aneka mArga haiM, satya ke mArga para ArUr3ha vyakti ke durAgraha aura haThadharmitA samApta

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anekAnta-56/3-4 91 ho jAtI hai| satyAnveSaka kI dRSTi udAra hotI hai| samanvaya, saha-astitva aura sahiSNutA ye eka hI tattva ke nAmAntara haiN| jana sAdhAraNa ko jIva-hiMsA se bacAne ke lie jaina-darzana ne kAyika ahiMsA kA upadeza kiyA, kintu cintakoM aura vicArakoM ko hiMsAmaya pravRttiyoM se virata karane ke lie mAnasika ahiMsA 'anekAntavAda' kA siddhAnta prastuta kiyaa| vastu tattva anekAntAtmaka hai use hama eka sAtha pUrA nahIM kaha skte| usake lie sApekSa varNana zailI apanAne kI jarUrata hai| jaise koI vyakti kisI kA pitA hai to vaha sirpha pitA hI nahIM hai| anya saMdarbho meM putra, pautra, cAcA, bhatIjA, mAmA, bhAI Adi aneka rizte bhI usake sAtha sambhava haiN| isase siddha huA ki hameM jo kucha kahanA hai sApekSa hI kahanA hai| aisA kahakara hI hama vastu sthiti kA sahI kathana kara sakate haiN| putra kI apekSA se hI use pitA kahA jA sakatA hai| prasiddha vaijJAnika AInsaTIna ne jisa 'thiyorI oNpha rileTIviTI' (Theory of Relativity) kA kathana kiyA hai vaha yahI sApekSatA kA siddhAnta hai| lekina vaha sirpha bhautika padArthoM taka hI sImita hai| jaina darzana meM ise aura bhI vyApaka artho meM kahA gayA hai ki loka ke sAre astitva sApekSa haiN| unheM lekara kahA gayA koI bhI nirapekSa kathana satya nahIM hai| __ syAdvAda vastu ke paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa na karate hue paraspara mukhya gauNatA ke sAtha anekAntAtmaka vastu tattva kA pratipAdana karatA hai| vastu tattva anekAntAtmaka hai| use hama apane jJAna ke dvArA jAna to sakate haiM kintu vANI dvArA usakA eka sAtha pratipAdana saMbhava nahIM hai| zabda kI eka sImA hotI hai vaha eka bAra meM vastu ke kisI eka dharma kA hI kathana kara sakatA hai, kyoMki 'sakRduccAritaH zabdaH ekamevArthaM gamayati' isa niyama ke anusAra eka bAra bolA gayA zabda eka hI artha kA bodha karAtA hai| vaktA apane abhiprAya ko yadi eka hI vastu dharma ke sAtha prakaTa karatA hai to usase vastu tattva kA sahI nirNaya nahIM ho sktaa| kintu syAt pUrvaka apane abhiprAya ko prakaTa karane se vastu svarUpa kA yathArtha pratipAdana hotA hai, kyoMki 'syAt'

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92 anekAnta-56/3-4 pUrvaka bolA gayA vacana apane artha ko kahatA huA bhI anya dharmo kA niSedha nahIM karatA balki unakI mauna svIkRti banAye rakhatA hai| haoN, jise vaha kahatA hai vaha pradhAna ho jAtA hai aura zeSa gaunn| kyoMki jo vivakSita hotA hai vaha mukhya kahalAtA hai aura avivakSita gaunn| isa prakAra syAdvAda kathana meM anekAnta suvyavasthita rahatA hai| 'syAta' zabda ke isI rahasya ko ujAgara karate huye pro. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ne likhA hai ki-zabda kA svabhAva hai ki vaha avadhAraNAtmaka hotA hai isalie anya kA pratiSedha karane meM vaha niraMkuza ho jAtA hai| usa anya ke pratiSedha para aMkuza lagAne kA kArya 'syAt' karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki 'rUpavAna ghaTaH' vAkya ghaTa ke rUpa kA pratipAdana bhale hI kare, para vaha rUpavAna hI hai yaha avadhAraNA karake ghar3e meM rahane vAle rasa, gaMdha Adi kA pratiSedha nahIM kara sktaa| vaha apane svArtha ko mukhya rUpa se kahe yahA~ taka to koI hAni nahIM, para yadi vaha isase Age bar3hakara apane hI svArtha ko saba kucha mAna zeSa kA niSedha karatA hai to usakA aisA karanA anyAya hai aura vastu sthiti kA viparyAsa karanA hai| syAt zabda isI anyAya ko rokatA hai aura nyAya vacana paddhati kI sUcanA detA hai| vaha pratyeka vAkya ke sAtha anusyUta rahatA hai, aura gupta rahakara bhI pratyeka vAkya ko mukhya gauNa bhAva se anekAnta artha kA pratipAdaka banAtA hai| 'syAt' zabda vAkya ke usa jahara ko nikAla detA hai jisase ahaMkAra kA sRjana hotA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti tathA purAtattva ke mUrdhanya manISI pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI kA abhimata hai ki "bhAratIya darzana ke samavAyAtmaka pakSa kA anuzIlana karate samaya hamArA dhyAna usa siddhAnta kI ora jAtA hai, jise jaina manISiyoM dvArA 'anekAntavAda' nAma se pratiSThApita kiyA gyaa| isa vAda kI udbhAvanA meM samatA aura sahiSNutA kI vaha bhAvanA nissandeha sahAyaka rahI hai jo jaina jIvana-darzana kI eka mukhya AdhAra bhUmi hai| AcAra aura vicAra ke prati vyApaka dRSTikoNa kA abhAva, dUsaroM ke kathanoM yA mAnyAtAoM meM doSa-darzana aura vicAra-svAtantrya kA virodha, ye aisI paristhitiyoM ko janma

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anekAnta-56/3-4 93 dete haiM jo vaiSamya tathA kaTutA bar3hAtI hai| 'anekAntavAda' aisI paristhitiyoM kA sahI upacAra hai|" _ 'anekAntavAda' durAgraha kA pratirodha prastuta karatA hai| vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ke prati vaha Adara-bhAvanA ko jAgRta karatA hai tathA isa prakAra samyak viveka-buddhi ke unnayana meM sahAyaka hotA hai| vaha isa bAta para bala detA hai ki deza-kAla janya tathA anya paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa satya ke vibhinna rUpa saMbhava haiM aura dUsaroM ke matoM meM bhI satya kA aMza vidyamAna rahatA hai| yaha vicAradhArA prAcIna hote hue bhI kisI kAla-paridhi meM Abaddha nahIM kahI jA sktii| yaha eka aise kalyANavAda zAzvata siddhAnta ke rUpa meM mAnya honA cAhie, jo bhUtakAla meM hI nahIM vartamAna aura bhaviSya meM bhI eka vaijJAnika tathya ke samAna upAdeya hotA hai| aparigraha : samatA-mUlaka samAja-vyavasthA kA jJApaka- jaina darzana meM mahAvrata pA~ca hote haiN| aparigraha bhI inameM se eka hai| AcArya umAsvAmI (I. prathama zatI) ne 'tattvArthasUtra' meM parigraha kA lakSaNa-mUrchA parigraha kiyA hai| dhana-dhAnya, kuTumba parivAra aura apane zarIra ke prati utpanna Asakti parigraha hai| isa parigraha kA pUrNatayA tyAga karanA aparigraha mahAvrata hai| AcArya samantabhrada (I. dvitIya zatI) ne 'ralakaraNDazrAvakAcAra' meM dhana saMcaya kI nirarthakatA ko rekhAMkita karate hue kahA hai 'yadi pApa-nirodho'nya sampadA kiM prayojanam / / yadi pApAsavo'styanyasampadA kiM pryojnm|| -AcArya samantabhadra, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra/27 arthAt 'yadi jIvana meM pApa kA nirodha ho gayA to vaha niSpApa-jIvana hI sabase bar3I sampadA hai| phira anya kisI sampadA kA koI artha nahIM hai| aura yadi jIvana meM pApa kA Asrava ho rahA ho, hamArA AcaraNa pApamaya ho, to

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94 anekAnta-56/3-4 kisI bhI sampadA se hamAre jIvana kA utkarSa hone vAlA nahIM hai| pApa ke sAtha Ane vAlI sampatti hameM durgati ke garta meM hI le jaayegii| aisI sthiti meM sampadA se kyA prayojana' 'jaina anuzAsana kI AcAra saMhitA' meM parigraha kI lolupatA ko sabhI pApoM kI jar3a batAte hue kahA gayA hai 'saMga NimittaM mArai, bhaNaI alIka, karejja corikkN| sevai mehuNa-micchaM, apariNAmo kuNadi jiivo||' -samaNasuttaM arthAt 'manuSya parigraha ke lie hI hiMsA karatA hai, saMgraha ke nimitta hI jhUTha bolatA hai aura usI abhiprAya se corI ke kArya karatA hai| kuzIla bhI vyakti ke jIvana meM parigraha kI lipsA ke mAdhyama se hI AtA hai| isa prakAra parigraha lipsA Aja kA sabase bar3A pApa hai| usI ke mAdhyama se zeSa cAra pApa hamAre jIvana meM praveza pA rahe haiN| lipsA hI vaha chidra hai jisameM se hokara hamAre vyaktitva ke prAsAda meM pApa kA risAva ho rahA hai|' vastutaH parigraha kI mUla kAraNa icchAoM/tRSNAoM kA koI ora-chora nahIM hai| ve ananta hotI haiN| isI dRSTi se ardhamAgadhI prAkRta Agama 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' meM bhI icchAoM ko AkAza kI taraha antahIna nirUpita kiyA hai 'icchA hu AgAsasamA anntiyaa||' -uttarAdhyayanasUtra 6/48 arthAt icchA AkAza ke samAna ananta hotI hai| isa sambandha meM hama svayaM prazna kareM to uttara bhI svataH sphUrta hokara hamAre samakSa upasthiti ho skeNge| yathA hama duHkhI kyoM haiM? isalie ki hama kucha cAhate haiN| isakA artha? artha yahI ki icchA svayaM duHkha hai|

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anekAnta-56/3-4 jaba taka icchA hai, duHkha hai 1 jisameM bhI icchA hai, duHkhI hai / icchA kA janma kyoM hotA hai ? apane bhItara abhAva kI anubhUti se / isa anubhUti kA kAraNa ? AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa kA ajJAna / svarUpa ? anantAndamaya / 95 jaba taka AtmA ke isa vAstavika svarUpa kA ajJAna rahatA hai vyakti bAhara sukha kI khoja meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai isake lie vaha viSayoM kI zaraNa meM jAne kA prayAsa karatA hai, jahA~ sukha nahIM, kevala sukha kA AbhAsa hai, asthAyI yA acirasthAyI sukha hai / phira viSayoM se mana tRpta kahA~ hotA hai ? eka icchA ke bAda dUsarI ora choTI ke bAda bar3I utpanna hotI hI rahatA hai| icchA kI pUrti kA prayAsa isalie viphala rahatA hai / AcArya pUjyapAda (I. 5vIM 6vIM zatI) ne 'iSTopadeza' meM likhA hai 'AyurvRddhikSayotkarSa, hetuM kAlasya nirgamam / vAJchatAM dhaninAmiSTaM jIvitAtsutarAM dhanam / / ' " - AcArya pUjyapAda : iSTopadeza / 15 arthAt jisa gati se kAla vyatIta hotA hai usI gati se ApakI Ayu bhI kSINa hotI jAtI hai| isake bAda bhI Apa apanI pratikSaNa khiratI huI Ayu kA koI sArthaka upayoga nahIM karanA cAhate hai / yaha jAnate hue bhI dhana kI hI AkAMkSA meM lage hue haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki Apa apane jIvana se adhika, apanI dhana sampadA ko cAhate haiM / ApakI buddhi vilakSaNa hai / AcArya guNabhadra svAmI (I. 8vIM zatI kA uttarArdha) ne 'AtmAnuzAsana' meM likhA hai

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96 anekAnta-56/3-4 'AzAgataH pratiprANi yasmin vishvmnnuupmm| kasya kiM viyadAyAti, vRthA vo vissyaissitaa||' -AcArya guNabhadra : AtmAnuzAsana/36 arthAt saMsAra meM hara prANI ke bhItara tRSNA kA itanA bar3A gaDDhA hai ki yadi usameM vizva kI sArI sampadA DAla dI jAye, taba bhI vaha bharegA nahIM, khAlI hI rhegaa| aisI sthiti meM kise kyA dekara saMtuSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai? viSayoM kI AzA aura tRSNA sadaiva unheM duHkhI hI karatI rhegii| AcArya amRtacandra (10vIM 11vIM zatI) ne 'puruSArthasiddhayupAya' meM parigraha kA lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA hai 'mUcchIlakSaNakaraNAt sughaTA vyAptiH prigrhtvsy| sagrantho mUchAvAn vinA'pi kila shesssnggebhyH||' -AcArya amRtacandra : puruSArthasiddhayupAya/112 arthAt 'yadi koI puruSa sarvathA nagna arthAt saba prakAra ke parigrahoM se rahita ho, parantu usake antaraMga meM mUrchA kA sadbhAva ho, to vaha parigrahavAna hI kahalAyegA-aparigrahI nhiiN| kyoMki jahA~-jahA~ mUrchA hotI hai vahA~ parigraha avazya hI hotA hai' aisA niyama hai aura parigraha ke ukta lakSaNa meM avyApti doSa kA prAdurbhAva nahIM ho sktaa| lAlasA se bharA hamArA mana jahA~ taka jAtA hai, vahA~ taka saba kucha hamArA parigraha hai| yaha mana kI lAlasA citta ko vyAmoha kI kuMDalI meM kasa letI hai| AcAryoM ne lAlasA kI isI vRtti ko 'mUrchA' kahA hai| jisake mana meM para-padArtho ke prati gaharI lAlasA hai, mUrchA-bhAva hai, sArA saMsAra usakA parigraha hai| jisake mana se yaha mUrchA-bhAva nikala gayA hai, saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI saMsAra usakA nahIM hai 'mUcchinna-dhiyAM sarvaM jagadeva prigrhH| mUrcchayA rahitAnAM tu jagadevA'parigrahaH / / '

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anekAnta-56/3-4 97 jArja barnArDa zaoN ne likhA hai-- 'hamAre jIvana meM do duHkhada ghaTanAe~ ghaTatI hai| pahalI yaha ki hameM apanI manacAhI vastue~ milatI nahIM haiN| dUsarI yaha ki ve hameM mila jAtI hai|' 'There are two tragedies in life One is not to get your heart's dlesire The other is to get it! -George Bernard Show jor3ane aura jor3ate hI cale jAne kI dhuna kabhI kisI ko sukhI nahIM banA paaii| parigraha ne jaba dI hai, pyAsa hI dI hai, tRpti dene kI sAmarthya usameM nahIM hai| parigraha kI vAJchA AkulatAoM ko janma de sakatI hai, parantu anAkulatA se usakA koI sambandha nahIM hai| parigraha kI lAlasA vyakti ko daur3AtI bahuta hai, parantu vaha pahu~cAtI kahIM nhiiN| yahI parigraha kI yathArthatA hai isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki 'AtmA' se 'paramAtmA' kI yAtrA karane vAlA yaha jaina dharma vizva kA prAcInatama dharma hai| isakI maulika aura svatantra paramparA hai| yaha kisI kI zAkhA nahIM hai| ahiMsA jaina saMskRti kI amUlya nidhi hai| jaina anuzAsana ahiMsA kI hI mUlabhitti para khaDA hai| anekAMta jaina vicAra kA mUlAdhAra hai| vAstu svAtantrya kI udghoSaNA karane vAle jaina dharma meM karmaNA varNa-vyavasthA ko svIkAra kara jo samatAmUlaka samAja vyavasthA dI gayI hai vaha jaina dharma kI ananya dena hai| zodha chAtrA saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, damoha (ma.pra.)

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samayasAra meM 'sphaTikamaNi' kA dRSTAnta -DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina AcArya kundakunda ke paramAgamoM meM samayasAra ko prathama sthAna prApta hai| AtmA ke svabhAva aura unake gUr3ha rahasyoM kA itanA sarala va itanA mArmika pratipAdana zAyada hI kahIM anyatra mile| samayasAra meM rahasya ko spaSTa karane ke lie AcArya ne aneka sthaloM para dRSTAnta diye haiN| isa dRSTAntoM ke prayoga itane adhika spaSTa tarIkoM se kiye gaye haiM ki siddhAnta svataH spaSTa avagamya ho jAte haiN| vyavahArika jIvana ke udAharaNoM ko lekara jinase AbAla-gopAla sabhI paricita hote haiM, kisI gUr3ha rahasya ko samajhA dene kI kalA se otaprota hai smysaar| yahAM hama karmodaya janya rAgAdi bhAvoM ke prati AtmA ke kartRtva aura akartRtva ko AcArya kundakunda dvArA prayoga meM lAye gaye eka do udAharaNoM se smjheNge| tathya 1. AtmA meM karmo kA jo bandhana hotA hai usakA kAraNa batalAyA jAtA hai AtmA meM utpanna hone vAle rAgAdi bhaav| yaha tathya apane sthAna para sahI hai kyoMki AtmA meM yadi rAgAdi bhAvoM kI utpatti na ho to usake karmabandha kA prazna hI nahIM hai| 2. * uparyukta kathana sAmAnya AtmA ke lie aayaa| zuddha caitanya mAtra jo ____ AtmA hai usase rAgAdi bhinna bhI kahe haiN| 3. rAgAdi AtmA meM karmabandha ke kAraNa bhI haiM aura zuddhacinmAtra AtmA se bhinna bhI hai| samasyA - isa paristhiti meM rAgAdi ke hone meM AtmA nimitta kAraNa hai athavA

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anekAnta-56/3-4 99 nahIM? yA phira koI anya kAraNa hai? samAdhAna : dAnti - zuddha svaparabhedavijJAnI jo AtmA hai vaha pUrvakarmodayavazAt rAgayakta hote haye bhI usameM rAgAdi bhAvoM ke kartApane rUpa bhAva kA abhAva hone se vaha naye karmo kA bandhana nahIM krtaa| aisA jJAnI AtmA jAna cukA hai ki vaha khuda hI apane rAgAdi pariNAma hone kA nimitta nahIM hai, parantu jo paradravya (karmAdi, pudgala dravya) haiM ve svayaM rAgAdi bhAva ko prApta hone se mere rAgAdika ke nimittabhUta haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki maiM (AtmA) pariNAmI hone se apane zuddha svabhAva se cyuta hokara hI rAgAdi rUpa pariNamita hone lagatA huuN| kintu isase merA (AtmA kA) avinAzI vizuddha caitanyamAtra svabhAva naSTa nahIM ho jAtA hai| samAdhAna kA niSkarSa - AtmA svabhAva se to atyanta zuddha hI hai, jisa taraha kA para kA nimitta mile vaisA hI pariNamatA hai| dRSTAnta - isa dAnti ke lie AcArya kundakunda ne isakI sUkSmatA ko samajhate huye 'sphaTikamaNi' kA dRSTAnta 278-79 vIM gAthA meM prastuta kiyA hai- 'sphaTikamaNi Apa to kevala ekAkAra zuddha hI hai parantu jaba paradravya ke nimitta se lAlimA Adi kA saMyoga hotA hai taba vaha lAlimA kA rupa pariNamita ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jJAnI AtmA kA bhI svabhAva hai| vaha jJAnI AtmA svayaM zuddha hai| vaha rAgAdi bhAva rUpa svayaM pariNamita nahIM hotA hai kintu anya rAgAdi paradoSoM se rAgAdi rUpa kiyA jAtA hai|'' isI dRSTAnta ko hI AcArya amRtacandra ne apanI AtmakhyAti TIkA evaM kalaza meM 'sUryakAntamaNi' ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA hai| ve mAnate haiM ki AtmA meM rAgAdika hone kA nimitta paradravya kA sambandha hI hai| sUryakAntamaNi khuda agni rUpa nahIM pariNamatA usameM sUrya kA nimitta (usakA bimba) agni rUpa hone ko nimitta hai| ukta prakAra kI vastu vyavasthA tathA vastu kA svabhAva jJAnI ko jJAta hai

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100 anekAnta-56/3-4 isalie vaha rAgAdika ko apane meM nahIM karatA aura isIlie vaha rAgAdi kA kartA nahIM hai| yadyapi jJAnI AtmA bhI rAga kI dazA meM rAgI hI hai kyoMki dravya jisa samaya jisa bhAva rUpa pariNamana karatA hai usa samaya vaha usa bhAva rUpa hI ho jAtA hai| lekina isa dazA meM bhI jJAnI AtmA rAgAdi kA kartA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha bhedajJAna se svayaM ko zuddha rUpa anubhava karatA huA una rAgAdika ko apane meM nahIM karatA hai| jJAnI kI sthiti - hameM jJAnI AtmA aura ajJAnI AtmA kA bheda karanA hI par3atA hai kyoMki kartRtva aura akartRtva ke nirdhAraNa kA pramukha AdhAra yahI bheda hai| 'jo vastu svabhAva ko jAnakara bheda vijJAna ko prApta huA jJAnI AtmA hai vaha svayaM ko pahacAna cukA hai ki vaha dravyadRSTi se zuddha hI hai isalie vaha svayameva apane meM rAga-dveSa moha tathA kaSAyabhAva nahIM karatA hai isalie vaha ina bhAvoM kA kartA nahIM hai| vaha dravya dRSTi se apariNamana svarUpa hai mAtra paryAya dRSTi se para dravya ke nimitta se rAgAdi rUpa pariNamatA hai| vaha to udaya meM Aye hue phaloM kA jJAtA hI hai| ___ isa prakAra yahAM AcArya kundakunda ne 'sphaTikamaNi' ke mAdhyama se jJAnI AtmA meM pUrvakarmodaya vazAt hone vAle rAgadveSAdi bhAvoM ke prati akartApanA smjhaayaa| yaha dRSTAnta bahuta bar3I AdhyAtmika samasyA kA samAdhAna bahuta AsAnI se samajhA detA hai| jJAnI ke rAgAdi bhAvoM ke hote huye bhI vaha unakA kartA nahIM tathA unake nimitta se usako koI navIna karmabandha nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra kI gaharAI ko samajhAnA AsAna nahIM hai kintu AcArya ne 'sphaTikamaNi' ke dRSTAnta se isa ulajhana jaise pratIta hone vAle siddhAnta ko bhI atyanta sugamatA pUrvaka aise samajhAyA ki bAlaka bhI isa gaharAyI ko AsAnI se samajha sakatA hai| kartRtvapanA ajJAna dazA meM hotA hai| jJAna dazA hone para AtmA samasta bhAvoM kI akartA hai aisI pahacAna ho jAtI hai| isa AtmA kA jisa prakAra

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anekAnta-56/3-4 101 kartApane kA svabhAva nahIM hai usI prakAra bhoktApane kA bhI svabhAva nahIM hai| yaha AtmA ajJAna se kartA mAnA jAtA hai| jaba ajJAna kA abhAva ho jAtA hai taba kartA nahIM hai| (bI) tathya - jIva para dravya kA kartA nahIM hai| samasyA - yadi jIva para dravya kA kartA nahIM hai to kauna hai? samAdhAna dASTanti - jIva aura ajIva (pudgalAdi karmAdi) ke jo pariNAma kahe gaye haiM una pariNAmoM se usa jIva ajIva ko anya nahIM jAnanA kyoMki pariNAma meM ve dravya hI haiN| yaha AtmA kisI se bhI utpanna nahIM huA hai isalie kisI kA kiyA huA kArya nahIM hai aura vaha AtmA kisI anya ko bhI utpanna nahIM karatA isaliye vaha kisI kA kAraNa bhI nahIM hai, karma ko Azraya karake kartA hotA hai aura kartA ko Azraya karake karma utpanna hotA hai aisA niyama hai| anya prakAra se kartA karma kI siddhi dekhI nahIM jAtI hai|' samAdhAna kA niSkarSa - sabhI dravyoM ke pariNAma bhinna-bhinna haiN| sabhI dravya apane apane pariNAmoM ke kartA haiN| ve pariNAma unake karma haiN| nizcaya se kisI kA kisI ke sAtha kartA karma sambandha nahIM hai| isaliye jIva apane hI pariNAmoM kA kartA hai, aura apane pariNAma karma haiN| isI prakAra ajIva apane pariNAmoM kA kartA hai, aura usake pariNAma karma hai| ataH jIva paradravya meM kucha nahIM karatA aura na hI paradravya jIva kA kucha karatA hai| sabhI apane apane meM pariNamana karate hue pUrNa svatantra haiN| dRSTAnta - uparyukta siddhAnta ko spaSTa karane ke lie AcArya ne 'suvarNa ke kar3e' kA udAharaNa diyA hai ki jisa prakAra kar3A ityAdi paryAyeM suvarNa se ataga nahIM hai, usI prakAra dravya jina guNoM se utpanna hotA hai una guNoM se vaha ananya (alaga nahIM) hai| dravyamAtra apanI hI paryAyoM kA kartA hai| pratyeka dravya meM ananta paryAyeM hotI haiN| ve paryAyeM hI usa dravya kI karma haiN| isa prakAra dravya me hI kartA-karma

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102 anekAnta-56/3-4 donoM hI ghaTita ho jAte haiN| isake lie sone kA udAharaNa saTIka hai| sonA, kuMDala, kAna ityAdi pariNAmoM kA kartA hai aura ye pariNAma hI usake karma haiN| anya dravyoM meM usakA kartApanA bilkula bhI nahIM hai| phira jo ki hamArI samasyA thI ki anya paradravyoM kA kartA kauna? usakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki paradravya bhI svayaM hI apane pariNAmoM ke kartA haiM, na ki koI AtmAdi anya drvy| isI prakAra AcArya kundakunda ne aneka sthaloM para dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se vastu svabhAva ko samajhAne kA yatna kiyA hai| ye dRSTAnta manovijJAna ke bhI viSaya hai| jJAtA ke manobhAvoM evaM mAnasika stara ko bhAMpate huye vaktA jaba saTIka dRSTAnta prastuta karatA hai taba usakA apanA eka alaga hI mahattva hotA hai| kundakundAcArya ke dRSTAntoM ko hI lekara anusaMdhAna kArya bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| apane isa laghu Alekha meM maine mAtra do udAharaNoM ko prastuta kiyA hai| hama bhAratIya darzana aura sAhitya para yadi dRSTipAta kareM to aneka sthala para ina udAharaNoM kA prayoga mila jaayegaa| anusaMdhAna meM yaha bhI yadyapi apekSita thA kintu hamane svayaM ko samayasAra taka hI sImita rakhA hai| sandarbha jahaphalihamaNI suddho Na saya pariNamadU raaybhaaiihiN| ragijjadi aNNahi du so stAdIhi dvvehi|| eva vANI suddho Na saya pariNamai rAyabhAIhi / rAijjadi aNNehi du so rAgadIhi do sehi|| __ -samayasAra-AcArya kundakunda, sapA pa pannAlAla gAthA - 278, 279, pR. 358, prakA parama zru. prabhA. ma., agAsa, 1982 2 na jAtu rAgAdinimitta bhAvamAtmAtmano yAti yathArkakAnta / tasminnimitta para sana eva vastusvabhAvo'yamudeti tAvat / / ___-AtmakhyAti TIkA, kalaza-175, vahI, pR 359 3 iti vastusvabhAva svaM jJAnI jAnAti tena s.| rAgAdInnAtmanaH kuryyAnnAto bhavati kArakaH / / -vahI, kalaza-176

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anekAnta-56/3-4 103 4 pariNamadi jeNa davva takkAla tammaya tti pnnnntt| --pravacanasAra, AcArya kundakunda prathamAdhikAra gAthA-8 sampA. e ena, upAdhye, prakA-paramazruta prabhA ma, agAsa, 1984 5 Na ya rAyadosamohaM kuvvAdi NANI kasAya bhAvaM vaa| samayappaNo Na so teNa kArago tesi bhaavaann|| -samayasAra, gAthA-280, pR 360 6 kartRtva na svabhAvo'sya cito vedayitRtvavat / ajJAnAdeva kartAya tadabhAvAdakAraka / / samayasAra, kalaza-194, pR 395 7 jIvassAjIvassa du je pariNAmA du vesidA sutte| ta jIvamajIva vA tehimaNaNNa viyANAhi / / Na kadoci vi uppaNNo jamhA kajja Na teNa so aadaa| uppAdedi Na kici vikAraNabhavi teNa Na sa hodi / / kamma paDucca kattA kattAra taha paDucca kammANi / uppajjati ya NiyamA siddhI da Na dIsade annnnaa|| -samayasAra, gAthA-309, 310, 311 8 daviya ja uppajjai gaNehi ta tehi jANasa annnnnn| jaha kaDayAdIhi du pajjaehiM kaNaya aNaNNamiha / / --samayasAra, gAthA-308 vyAkhyAtA-jaina darzana vibhAga zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI - 16

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jaina itihAsa-lekhana kI AvazyakatA -DaoN. vijayakumAra jaina itihAsa hamArI saMskRti ke vikAsa kI gAthA hai, jahA~ dhArmika itihAsa hamAre dhArmika manobala ko bar3hAtA hai, vahI rAjanaitika itihAsa hamAre deza ke gaurava ko bar3hAtA hai| bhArata kA dhArmika evaM rAjanaitika itihAsa bahuta kucha milA julA bhI hai, ve hI dhArmika mAnyatAeM aitihAsika rUpa le pAtI haiM jinako rAjanaitika saMrakSaNa milatA hai vizeSakara vaidika evaM bauddhaparamparA kA itihAsa rAjanaitika saMrakSaNa prApta kara panapatA rahA hai| jainaparamparA ne prArambha meM jarUra rAjanaitika saMrakSaNa prApta kiyA pazcAt svayaM apane zrAvakoM, anuyAyiyoM kI badaulata apanA itihAsa duharA rahI hai| sahI hI kahA gayA hai ki yaha the vIra jinakA nAma sunakara joza AtA hai| ragoM meM jisake aphasAno pe cakkara khUna khAtA hai|| zramaNa paramparA kA vAhaka jainadharma pahale Arhat dharma Adi nAmoM se prasiddha thA, jinake upAsakoM ko Aja jaina nAma diyA jAtA hai| jainadharma ke itihAsa evaM jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa nAma se pracura sAmagrI upalabdha hai| yaha sAmagI hamAre pAsa bharI par3I hai, lekina abhI bhI AvazyakatA hai ki isameM avagAhana karake parimArjita rUpa meM hama prastuta kareM ataH saMkSepa meM mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| ___ DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI dvArA racita tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI paramparA meM samagra muni paramparA kA tathyapUrNa itihAsa hai| zramaNaparamparA ke atirikta isa grantha meM zramaNoM kI mAnyatAoM evaM jaina siddhAntoM kA bhI saphala nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita isa vRhatkAya grantha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda hue AcAryo, sAhityakAroM kA paricaya dete hue unakI sAdhanA evaM kRtittva kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. koThiyA jI ke zabdoM meM bhagavAna

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anekAnta-56/3-4 105 mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA meM lekhaka ne apanA jIvana-utsarga karake zraddhA ke sumana car3hAe haiN| bhAratavarSIya di. jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI hIrAbAga mumbaI ne "bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha" pAMca bhAgoM meM prakAzita kiyA hai, jisameM digambara jaina tIrtho kA itihAsa, bhUgola, paurANika AkhyAna, sthApatya, yAtrAmArga tathA upalabdha sAdhanoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| tIrthakSetroM ke paricaya ke lie mahattvapUrNa sandarbha grantha haiMbhAga-1 uttarapradeza ke jaina tIrtha bhAga-2 bihAra, baMgAla, ur3IsA jaina tIrtha bhAga-3 madhyapradeza ke jaina tIrtha bhAga-4 rAjasthAna, gujarAta aura mahArASTra ke jaina tIrtha bhAga-5 karnATaka, dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrtha / aitihAsika vyaktikoza ke vidvAna lekhaka DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina bhAratIya itihAsa evaM saMskRti tathA itihAsa ke jaina srotoM aura jaina vidyA ke vibhinna aMgoM ke arntarASTrIya khyAti prApta mUrdhanya adhikArI vidvAna the| bhAratIya itihAsa-eka dRSTi, yugoM-yugoM meM jaina dharma, jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, jaina dharma kA itihAsa-DaoN. kAmatA prasAda jaina, digambaratva aura digambara muni, azoka jaina thA, samrATa khArabela, jaina vIroM kA itihAsa, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ahiMsA aura bhArata ke rAjyoM para isakA prabhAva, kAkandIpura kA deva, jainadharma aura tIrthakaroM kI aitihAsikatA aura prAcInatA, pratimA lekha saMgraha Adi grantha DaoN. kAmatA prasAda jaina ke prasiddha grantha haiN| vIrazAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya-kastUracandra kAsalIvAla evaM vidyAdhara joharA purkr| isake atirikta kucha pramukha kRtiyAM isa prakAra haipustaka prazasti-saMgraha, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa-pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama se prakAzita, jaina sAhitya kI pUrva pIThikA-paMDita kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa- paNDita kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadarzana-paNDita mahendrakumAra jaina, sAhitya kA itihAsa, paravAra samAja kA itihAsa-DaoN nAthUrAma premii|

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106 anekAnta-56/3-4 paM. kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ke zabdoM meM vidvAnoM kI ruci jaina itihAsa ke prati kama hai| ise mAnanA hI par3egA / jaina purANoM kI prAmANikatA - jainadharma kA itihAsa jAnane ke lie mahattvapUrNa grantha purANa haiM / ina purANa granthoM ke racanAkAla aura unameM varNita ghaTanAoM ke kAla meM anekoM varSo kA antara hai / inakI aitihAsika pramANikatA isa bAta para avalambita hai ki ve kahA~ taka prAkRtika niyamoM ke anukUla mAnavIya viveka ke aviruddha va anya pramANoM ke apratikUla ghaTanAoM kA ullekha karate haiN| yadi ye ghaTanAe prakRti-viruddha ho, mAnavIya buddhi ke pratikUla ho, anya pramANoM se vAdhita ho, to ve dhArmika zraddhA ke sivAya kisI anya AdhAra para vizvasanIya nahIM mAnI jA sakatI para yadi ve ukta niyamoM aura pramANoM se bAdhita na hotI huI pUrvakAla kA yuktisaMgata darzana karAtI ho / aba taka ke itihAsa-lekhana kI bar3I bhArI AvazyakatA hai| yaha kArya baDe mahattva kA evaM zrama-sAdhya hai 1 vidvAno kA mAnanA hai ki koI bhI dhArmika itihAsa apanI paramparA se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rahatA, usI taraha rAjanaitika itihAsa tatkAlIna rAjAoM se prabhAvita hotA hai phira bhI eka sImA taka saccAI svIkAra karanI cAhie jaise- bhArata kI gulAmI kA itihAsa hai use kaise miTA sakate hai, bhale hI usa samaya kitane deza-bhaktoM kA gauravapUrNa itihAsa hai unakI kurbAnI kI gAthA hai 1 isI prakAra hamako dhArmika utAra-car3hAva ke bIca saccAI svIkAra karanI caahie| isase eka bAta mahattvapUrNa hai ki yaha bhrama haTAnA cAhie ki saba kucha purAnA acchA hotA hai kyoMki pahale corI huI hogI tabhI acauryANuvrata kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hogA, pahale hiMsA huI hogI tabhI hama ahiMsA kI bAta karege / isalie jo pahale hai vaha zreSTha hai taba to hiMsA zreSTha ho jAegI / hamArI kasauTI bhI sAkSya ke AdhAra para pUrNatayA AdhArita nahIM hai / hamArI kasauTI hai ki jo siddhAnta ahiMsA evaM vItarAgatA kA poSaka hai usake hama

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ta-56/3-4 107 samarthaka hai| jo isake viparIta hai vaha hamAre lie svIkArya nahIM hai| Aja saMghoM meM mAtra apanI AcArya paramparA kA isa prakAra mahattva diyA gayA hai ki pahale kI paramparA vismRta huI dikhAI detI hai| zvetAmbara-digambara ke jhagar3o evaM asaMvedazIlatA ne to pUrI dvAdazAMga vANI para hI praznacinha khar3A kara diyaa| eka bAta jo mukhya rUpa se akharane vAlI bAta hai| vaha hai ki hamAre sAhitya ko itihAsa ke srota ke rUpa me usa taraha se svIkAra nahIM kiyA jaataa| jisa prakAra bauddha grantha eva rAmAyaNa mahAbhArata Adi ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai isake lie Avazyaka hai ki hama apane sAhitya ko vyavasthita rUpa se anuvAda sahita upalabdha kraaeN| Aja hamAre pAsa jo aitihAsika dharohara hai unakA bhI hama sahI mUlyAGkana nahI karA pA rahe hai jaise bhAratavarSa kA nAma-bharata ke AdhAra para huA jaise bhArata kA prathama gaNatantra vaizAlI thaa| __ hamako digambara, zvetAmbara ke ApasI matabhedoM ko kucha sImAoM taka toDanA hogA jaise-AgamoM ke sandarbho meM aadi| isa prakAra jaina itihAsa ke lekhana meM abhI bahuta kucha karanA bAkI hai| -kendrIya saMskRta vidyApITha lakhanaU

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padArthoM kA trilakSaNAtmaka evaM tripadAtmaka svarUpa aura sva-samaya pravRtti -DaoN. rAjendrakumAra baMsala hIrA kASTa kI prajAti kA hai| hIre kI kANikAoM ke gharSaNa se hI usameM mana mohaka cakAcauMdha utpanna hotI hai| isa prakAra hIre kI camaka hIre meM se hIre dvArA hIre meM AtI haiN| isa sthUla jJAna se prAyaH sabhI paricita hai| hIre ko ucca tApa stara para dagdha karane para vaha koyale meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| avasthA parivartana kI prakriyA me vahI koyalA apanI upAdAna zakti kI yogyatA se phira kASTa hIrA meM badala jAtA hai| dravyoM meM parivartana kI yaha prakriyA anAdi kAla se calI A rahI hai| dravya kA astitva hokara bhI vaha apane svabhAva ko kAyama rakhakara nita-nIvana rUpa se badala rahA hai aura badalatA rhegaa| koI bhI parivartana ahetuka nahIM hai| sarvatra kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA prabhAvazIla hai, yadyapi kabhI-kabhI yaha parivartana kautuhala jaisA lagatA hai| isa parirvatana ko kisI ne kSaNa-bhaMgura avasthA-rUpa dekhA to kisI ne kUTastha-nitya-dravya rUpa meM dekhaa| vedAnuyAyIyo ne ise Izvara kRta mAnakara sRjaka-brahmA, saMrakSaka-viSNu aura saMhAraka-maheza ke kArya rUpa dekhaa| aMgrejI bhASA meM Izvara ko gauDa (GOD) kahate haiN| yaha jI. o. aura DI. akSara se banA hai| unhoMne jI se jenareTara, o se ApareTara aura DI se DisTrakTara rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| padArtha-vijJAniyoM ne vastu svarUpa kI ina tIna avasthAoM ko nyUTrAna ilekTrAna evaM proTAna ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyaa| jinendra deva praNIta jaina darzana me dravyoM ke sata-svarUpa ke trilakSaNAtmaka evaM tripadAtmaka rUpa meM ise vyAkhyAyita kara loka kI svacAlita vyavasthA kA tArkika-yarthAtha AdhAra pradAna kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana aura Atmazodhana rUpa jaina dharma me 'tIna' kA viziSTa sthAna hai| lagatA hai darzana aura dharma tIna-tripada kI dhurI para hI ghUma rahA hai| tIna-loka,

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anekAnta-56/3-4 109 tIna-kAla aura tiin-vly| triratna-mokSamArga aura tridoSa-saMsAra maarg| tIna-cetanA, tIna-gupti, tIna-upayogI, tIna-karaNa, tIna-pariNAma, tIna-karma, tIna-baMka, tIna-nidAna, tIna-bhAva, tIna-gArava, tiin-mkaar| sata-svarUpa trilakSaNAtmaka aura tripadAtmaka tathA vastu ko jAnane ke tIna saadhn| paMcAstikAya saMgraha graMtha meM AcArya kundakunda ne loka kI tatvavyavasthA evaM kAraNa-kAryatva ke zAzvata siddhAnta kI ghoSaNA karate hue kahA ki sat kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA aura asat kI utpAda nahIM hai, bhAva-sat dravya-guNa-paryAya meM utpAda vyaya karate haiN| prakArAntara se utpAda hone se kahIM asat kI utpatti nahIM hotI aura vyaya hone se kahIM sat kA vinAza nahIM hotaa| AcArya ke zabdoM meM bhAvasya Natthi NAso Natthi abhAvasya ceva utpAdo guNa pajjAesu bhAvA uppAdavae pakuvvaMti (paMcA. saM. 15) jIvAdi dravya bhAva haiM jinakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA aura abhAva kA utpAda nahI hotaa| manuSya se deva paryAya pAne meM jIva janma letA hai aura mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai tathApi jIva utpanna nahIM hotA aura naSTa nahIM hotA; deva, manuSya aisI paryAya utpanna hotI aura vinaSTa hotI hai (gA. 17-18) / yahA~ dhruvatA kI apekSA sat kA vinAza yA asat kA utpAda nahIM kahA (paM. gA 19) / manuSya, deva Adi paryAyoM me jIva ke janma-maraNa ke rahasya meM jo vilakSaNAtmaka evaM tripadAtmaka sat-siddhAnta prabhAvazIla hotA hai vahI siddhAnta loka ke sabhI dravyoM, tatvoM evaM padArtho ko niyaMtrita-anuzAsita karatA hai| isa dRSTi se sat svarUpa akRta, ahetuka, anAdi-nidhana, sva-saMcAlita loka vyavasthA kA AdhAra hai jo anaMta kAla taka nirvAdha rUpa se gatimAna hokara loka ke astitva ko banAe rkhegaa| adhyAtma jagata meM sat svarUpa kI upayogitA samajhane hetu, dravya ke sat-svarUpa kI vyAkhyA ke pahile, yaha spaSTa karanA samIcIna hogA ki jIva anAdi kAla se tattvasvarUpa ke ajJAna se utpanna jina kAraNoM se dukhI hai, ve nimna prakAra kI mithyA mAnyatAe~ haiM

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110 anekAnta-56/3-4 1. dravya karma, bhAva karma aura no karmoM meM 'yaha maiM hU~' aura mujhameM 'yaha karma-no karma haiM, (samayasAra gA. 19) / para se ekatva-mamatva bhaav| 2. 'maiM para jIvoM ko mAratA hU~ yA para jIva mujhe mArate haiM,' 'maiM para jIvoM ko jilAtA hU~ yA para jIva mujhe jilAte haiM' tathA 'maiM para jIvoM ko sukhI-dukhI karatA hU~ yA para jIva mujhe sukhI-dukhI karate haiM' aisI moha-ajJAna rUpa mAnyatA (sa. sAra gA. 247, 250, 253) / para ke kartRtva-svAmitva kI bhaavnaa| 3. maiM karma prakRti ke nimitta se upajatA-nizatA hU~ aura karma phala bhogatA hU~ (sa. sAra gA. 314/315) paratantratA evaM parAvalambana kI bhaavnaa| 4. padArtha ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAnanA, samajhanA aura (Atma vismRtakara) para-dravya ko apanA mAnanA (gA. 324) / avidyA-moha kI niSpatti / 5. ajJAnamaya bhAva se ajJAnamaya bhAva utpanna hone ke kAraNa niraMtara karma baMdha ko karatA hai (sa. sA. gA. 126, 127) / karmodaya-karmavadha ke duScakra kA mUla ajJAnamaya bhAva eva para-samaya pravRtti hai| jIva ke ukta du:kha ke kAraNoM kA vinAza dIpaka-prakAza jaisA usa samaya . ho jAtA hai jaba jIva dravya ke sat-siddhAnta ke hArda ko tatva niSThA pUrvaka samajhakara AtmAnubhava evaM zuddhopayoga dvArA karma-baMdhana kATa siddhAlaya meM avinAzI, atIndriya, AtmIka-AnaMda kA bhoga cirakAla taka kregaa| isakA prArambha hogA samyagdarzana-jJAna se| AcArya kunda-kunda ke zabdoM meM bhUtArtha rUpa se avasthita jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha, mokSa kA zraddhAna-samyagdarzana hai (sAra gA. 13) / ina nava padArtho ke madhya chipI AtmA kI jJAna jyoti dravya ke sat svarUpa ke jJAna evaM nija Atmatatva ke bhAva bhAsana se prakAza mAtra hotI hai isa dRSTi se sat sattA ke sUcaka ke sAtha satya-dharma arthAt Truth Is God, satya hI Izvara hai kA sUcaka hai| yaha aisA hai jo 'satyaM zivaM sundaraM' kI lokokti ko caricArtha karatA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra dravya kA ekatva-vibhakta rUpa hI sauMdarya kA pratIka hai| trilakSaNAtmaka sat-svarUpa- AcArya umAsvAmI ne dravya kA lakSaNa sat kahA

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anekAnta-56/3-4 111 | 'sat dravya lakSaNaM' ( sUtra 5 / 29 ) aura sat kA lakSaNa 'utpAdavyaya dhrauvya yuktaM sat' kahA hai (sUtra 5 / 30 ) / sat sattA - astitva kA sUcaka hai| sattA svabhAvataH utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tInoM se yukta hotI hai| apane maulika tattva arthAt dravyatva ko sthira ( dhrauvya) rakhakara pUrva kAraNa rUpa paryAya kA vinAza aura uttara kArya rUpa paryAya kI utpatti honA, pratyeka dravya kI trikAla niyati / yaha tInoM kArya eka hI samaya meM hote haiM / isalie dravya nityAnitya hai / nitya hote hue bhI kathaMcit anitya hai aura anitya hote hue bhI kathaMcita nitya / dravya rUpa se nitya aura paryAya rUpa se anitya / isa prakAra dravya trilakSaNa rUpa hai| hai I 'sat dravya lakSaNa' sUtra me sat zabda anekArthI hai| dhavalA ke TIkAkAra AcArya vIrasena ke anusAra sat kA artha tattva hai / yaha sat sarva padArtho meM vyApta hai aura sarva vicAroM kA AdhAra hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne sat zabda kA prayoga prazaMsA, astitva pratijJA evaM Adara sUcaka ke rUpa me kiyA hai 1 vidyamAna saMdarbha meM sat zabda sarva dravyo ke astitva - sattA kA sUcaka hai| sat kI gati sarva padArtho meM apratihata hone se vaha traikAlika hai vaha svayaM siddha evaM ahetuka hone se sarvatra sarva avasthAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| sat guNa, sattA, tatva, dravya, vastu, artha, vidhi eva astitva kA sUcaka hai 1 sat kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA aura asat kI kabhI utpatti nahIM hotI / vastu svabhAva kA yaha traikAlika sat hI dharma rUpa satya hai jo vizva vyavasthA kA AdhAra hai| isake kAraNa sabhI padArtha / vastue~ vizva meM anAdi kAla se avasthita haiM aura anaMta kAla taka banI rheNgii| sabhI padArtha apane - apane zuddha svabhAva arthAt paramapAriNAmika bhAva rUpa sadaiva bane raheM, unameM kisI prakAra kI vikRti na ho, koI padArtha eka-dUsare kI sattA kA atikramaNa na kare, kevala apane-apane dravya-kSetra - kAla-bhAva meM nirvikAra rUpa se pariNamita hote raheM, yahI . unakA saundarya AnaMda aura sat / satya rUpa dharma hai / loka chaha dravyoM kA samUha hai- jIva, pudagla, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla / jIva dravya cetana hai zeSa acetana haiM / pudgala dravya rUpI hai, zeSa arUpI haiM / jIva dravya ananta haiM, pudgala dravya unase bhI anaMta arthAta anatAnaMta haiM 1

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112 anekAnta-56/3-4 dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravya eka-eka hai aura kAla dravya asaMkhyAta haiM / kAla dravya eka pradezI hone ke kAraNa anastikAya hai, zeSa dravya bahu pradezI hone se astikAya rUpa haiM / jIva aura pudgala dravya meM svabhAva aura vibhAva rUpa pariNamana karane kI kSamatA hai jabaki zeSa cAra dravyoM kA pariNamana niraMtara zuddha hI rahatA hai / jIva aura pudgala dravya pariNAmI, kriyAvatI zakti vAle haiN| zeSa cAra dravya apariNAmI - niSkriya haiN| vizva meM nita navIna parivartana kA AdhAra sat dravya kA trilakSaNa svabhAva hai | cetana-acetana dravyoM meM aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga nimitta se prati samaya navIna avasthA prApta hotI hai, use utpAda kahate haiM, utpAda do prakAra kA haisvanimittika utpAda yathA - agurulaghu guNa kA bartana aura paranimittika utpAda - dharmAdika niSkriya dravyoM meM para pratyaya kI apekSA utpAda azvAdika kI gati sthiti avagAhana pUrva avasthA ke tyAga ko vyaya kahate haiM jaise ghara kI utpatti meM piNDa rUpa AkAra kA tyAga ho jAtA hai / dravya kA jo anAdi kAlIna pAriNAmika svabhAva hai usakA utpAda aura vyaya nahIM hotA kintu vaha sthira rahatA hai| isalie use dhruva kahate haiM / isa dhruva kA bhAva yA karma dhrauvya kahalAtA hai / jaise miTTI ghara aura piNDa meM miTTI kA anvaya honA / isa prakAra eka hI dravya / padArtha meM utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvyatva (sthiti) eka sAtha hotI hai| jo padArtha utpanna hotA hai vahI kucha kAla taka sthita rahakara bAda meM vyaya ko prApta hotA hai / utpatti aura vyaya meM dravya kA anvaya banA rahatA hai / AcArya umAsvAmI ne dravya ko kevala sAmAnya rUpa se utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya rUpa batAyA gyaa| AcArya samantabhadra pratipAdita kiyA ki vastu kA sAmAnya rUpa se na to utpAda hotA hai aura na vinAza / kintu utpAda aura vinAza vizeSa rUpa se hotA hai / isa prakAra dravya kA utpAda aura vinAza nahI hotA mAtra paryAya kA hI hotA hai / vinAza aura utpanna paryAyoM meM dravya kA anvaya sadaiva banA rahatA hai| I utpAda aura vinAza dravya kA nahIM hotA, usakA sadabhAva banA rahatA hai kintu usakI paryAyeM utpAda - vinAza va dhruvatA karatI haiM ( prasAra 11 ) nizcaya se utpAda vinAza aura dhrauvya ye tInoM paryAyoM ke hote haiM / sat ke nhiiN| kyoMki

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1-56/3-4 113 ve paryAyeM hI dravya hai, isaliye dravya hI utpAdAdi tInoM vAlA kahA jAtA hai (paMcAdhyAyI pUrvI 200) / paryAya bhI kathaMcita dhrava hai kyoMki usakI sthiti ekakSaNa kI hotI hai| dravya meM utpAda, vinAza aura dhrauvya yaha tInoM yugapata (akrama) se eka sAtha hote haiN| kintu paryAya meM utpAda vinAza aura sthiti krama se hotI hai| uktAnusAra eka loka meM sabhI cetana aura jar3a padArtha svataMtra sattA lie trilakSaNa rUpa se apane svabhAva meM avasthita haiN| aisI sthiti meM jIva aura jar3a karma ke baMdhana tathA krodhAdika rUpa pariNamana kyoM aura kese hotA haiM, isakI mImAMsA AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra ke kartA-karma adhikAra meM kI hai| unakA tarka hai ki yadi jIva svayaM karma se nahIM baMdhA aura svayaM krodhAdi rUpa pariNamana nahIM karatA to vaha apariNAmI ThaharatA hai, aisA hone para saMsAra kA abhAva prApta hotA hai| yaha kahanA ki apariNAmI jIva ko krodhAdi karma krodhAdika rUpa se pariNamA dete haiM to yaha bAta yukti yukta nahIM lagatI kyoMki jIva ko svayaM pariNamana svabhAva vAlA nahIM mAnane para krodhAdi karma use krodhAdika rUpa se kaise pariNamA sakate haiM? arthAt nahIM pariNamA skte| yadi isa doSa ko dUra karane jIva ko svayaM pariNamana zIla mAnate haiM to krodhAdi karma jIva ko krodhAdi bhAva rUpa se pariNamAte haiM yaha bAta mithyA ho jAtI hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki jaba jIva svayaM krodha rUpa se pariNamana karatA hai taba vaha svayaM krodha hai, jaba svayaM mAna rUpa pariNamana karatA hai taba vaha svayaM mAna hai (sa. sAra gA. 116 se 120 va 125) / unhoMne isI prakAra pudgala kArmANa vargaNAoM kA jJAnAvaraNadika karma rUpa parimaNamana karane kI mImAMsA kI aura usakA pramukha kAraNa pariNamana svabhAva ko siddha kiyaa| jIva karma rUpa aura karma jIva rUpa kyoM pariNamita nahIM ho sakate usakA samAdhAna samayasAra gAthA 103 meM isa prakAra diyA hai jo jamhi guNe dave so aNNamhi du Na saMkamadi davve so aNNamasaMkaMto kaha taM pariNAmae davvaM (sa. sAra 103) artha- jo jisa dravya yA guNa meM anAdi kAla se varta rahA hai vaha use

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114 anekAnta-56/3-4 chor3akara anya dravya yA guNa meM kabhI bhI saMkramita nahIM hotaa| anya rUpa se saMkramita nahIM hotI huI vastu anya vastu ko kaise pariNamA sakatI hai? vastu kI isa maryAdA ke kAraNa AtmA pudgalamaya karma meM dravya ko tathA guNa ko nahIM karatA aisI sthiti meM AtmA karma kA kartA kaise ho sakatA hai? nimitta naimittika bhAva se aisA kathana upacAra mAtra hai| AtmA meM aura kartA karma bhAva kI siddhi nahIM hotii| isa prakAra do dravya evaM guNoM ke madhya svataMtratA ke bodha se yaha siddha huA ki jIva apane ajJAna bhAva se duHkhI hai kyoMki AtmA jisa bhAva ko kartA hai, usa bhAva rUpa karma (kAya) kA vaha kartA hotA hai; jJAnI ko to vaha jJAnamaya hai aura ajJAnI ko ajJAnamaya hai (sa. sAra. 126) isa nyAya ke anusAra jIva jina zubha yA azubha bhAva rUpa pariNamana karatA hai taba vaha zubha yA azubha svayaM hI hotA hai aura jaba vaha zuddhabhAva rUpa pariNamita hotA hai taba vaha zuddha hotA hai (pra. sAra 9) / zubha se srvagAdika, azubha se nIca gati evaM zuddha se siddhatva milatA hai| ukta kathana se yaha bhI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki loka meM jitane bhI kArya hote haiM, ve saba upAdAna zakti se hote haiN| miTTI se ghara aura kapAsa se paTa banatA hai| AcArya jayasena ke anusAra upAdAna kAraNa ke sadRza hI kArya hotA hai| jJAna-bhAva rUpa upAdAna se jJAnamaya bhAva hI hotA hai aura ajJAna-bhAva rUpa upAdAna se ajJAnamaya bhAva hotA hai (sa0 sAra) tAtparyakRtti gAthA 186 ttiikaa)| isa padArtha jJAna ke isa gUr3ha rahasya ko hRdayaMgama karane vAle mahAnubhAva ko zuddhAtmA jAnane-anubhava karane para azuddhAtmA prApta hotA hai (sa0 sAra gA. 186) aura zuddhAtmA kI upalabdhi se karmAgamana ke abhAva rUpa saMvara hotA hai| sat-svarUpa-anubhava se sva-samaya kI prApti- darzana-jJAna-cAritra meM sthita bhavya jIva sva-samaya hai, pudgala karma-pradeza sthita jIva para-samaya hai (sa. sAra 2) / jo jIva paryAya meM lIna hai vaha para-samaya hai aura jo Atma svabhAva meM lIna hai vaha sva-samaya hai (pra. sAra. 94) paryAya-mUr3ha mithyAdRSTi hotA hai| sat svabhAva

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anekAnta-56/3-4 115 kI asvIkRti bhI para-samaya hai (pra. sA. 98) / jIvAdika sabhI dravya sat svarUpa hone se anAdikAla se apane-apane pAriNAmika bhAva rUpa dhurI para dhruva rUpa se pRthaka-pRthaka guNoM ke krama baddha utpAda-vyaya ke rUpa meM pariNamita hokara svataMtra-svAdhIna, para nirapekSa sattA banAye hue haiM jisase loka saMcAlita ho rahA hai| usakA koI nirmAtA-rakSaka-viddhaMsaka nahIM hai| jIva aura pudagala karma-baMdha kA kAraNa jIva kA ajJAna bhAva evaM padArtho kA ayarthAthajJAna hai| usane apane jJAyaka svabhAva rUpa pAriNAmika dhruva bhAva ko vismRta kara matijJAnAdi guNoM evaM nara-narakAdi paryAyoM ko apanA mAna liyA hai| tadanusAra paryAyalIna hokara para-samaya rUpa pravRtta hokara duHkhI ho rahA hai| vaha apanI bhUla sudhAra kara yadi padArtho ke yathArthajJAna sahita AtmA ke dhruva svabhAva para zrRddhAna kare aura usameM apanApana sthApita kare to zuddha naya kI viSaya bhUta-sAmAnya, abheda, nitya aura eka AtmA vastu kA anubhava kara sva-samaya rUpa pravRtta hokara zuddhopayoga ke dvArA mukta svataMtra ho sakatA hai| loka vyavahAra meM sata-svarUpa kI svIkRti evaM sva-AtmA sat kI anubhUti se sAdhaka meM sampUrNa dravyoM evaM unake pariNamana ke prati astitva bodha kA bhAva jAgrata hotA hai| unakI sattA kI svIkRti se unake prati sahaja-Adara bhAva aura samatva bhAva hRdaya meM utpanna hotA hai| jIvoM ke prati maitrI, pramoda, karUNA aura mAdhyasthyarUpa bhAva kA srota saMt-svabhAva se udagAmita hokara kevala-jJAna gaMgA meM avagAhana karAtA hai| sat svarUpa kI svIkRti, vibhAva-bhAva kI vismRti aura jJAyaka- svabhAva kI upalabdhi yaha bhI sat kI carama pariNati hai| Atma-siddhi hI sat-sAdhanA kA suphala hai| dravya kA tripadAtmaka lakSaNa- dravya trilakSaNAtmaka ke sAtha tripadAtmaka bhI hai| isa sambandha meM pravavana sAra kI jJeya tatva prajJApana kI nimna gAthA mahatvapUrNa hai atyo khalu davvamao davvANi guNappagANi maNidANi tehiM puNo pajjAyA pajjayamUr3hA hi para samayaH (gA. 93)

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116 anekAnta-56/3-4 ___artha- padArtha dravya svarUpa hai; dravya guNAtmaka kahe gaye haiM aura dravya tathA guNoM kI paryAyeM hotI haiN| paryAya-mUr3ha (paryAya meM lIna) jIva para samaya-arthAt mithyAdRSTi haiN| __ AcArya kundakunda ne padArtha ko dravya guNa paryAya rUpa tripadAtmaka kahakara manuSya deva Adi asamAnajAtIya paryAya ko apanA mAnane evaM dravya svabhAva ko vismRta karane vAle jIva ko parasamaya -mithyAdRSTi kahA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne bhI tattvArtha sUtra meM sat dravya ke sAtha 'guNaparyayavada dravyama' (sUtra 5/38) kahakara dravya ko guNa paryAyavAna kahA hai| 'anvayino guNA' guNa anvayI hote haiM aura dravya ke sAtha sadaiva rahate haiN| 'vyatirekiNaH paryAyAH' paryAya vyatirekI yA kSaNabhaMgura hotI haiN| pratyeka dravya meM sahabhAvI guNa aura kramabhAvI paryAyeM hotI haiN| guNa anvaya-svabhAva hone se dhrauvya ke avinAbhAvI haiM aura paryAya vyatireka-svabhAva hone se utpAda aura vyaya ke avinAbhAvI haiN| isa dRSTi se dravya kA trilakSaNAtmaka sat svarUpa evaM tripadAtmaka svarUpa donoM kA eka hI abhiprAya hai kintu kathana kA dRSTikoNa evaM lakSya bhinna-bhinna hokara bhI sva-samaya meM pravRtti kA uddezya eka hI hai| guNa- dravya meM bheda karane vAle dharma ko guNa kahate haiN| AcArya umAsvAmI ne 'dravyAzriyA nirguNA guNAH' (sUtra 5/41) arthAta jo dravya ke Azraya se rahatA huA bhI dUsare guNa se rahita hai, use guNa kahate haiM, ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA hai| nyApadIpikAkAra ke anusAra jo sampUrNa dravya meM vyApta hokara rahate haiM aura samasta paryAyoM ke sAtha rahane vAle haiM, unheM guNa kahate haiN| dravya aura guNa ke madhya AdhAra-Adheya sambandha hotA hai| dravya AdhAra hai aura guNa aadhey| guNa dravya ke Azraya rahate haiM kintu guNa ke Azraya se anya guNa nahIM rahate haiN| guNoM ke madhya AdhAra-Adheya evaM kartA-karma sambandha nahIM hotaa| eka guNa dUsare guNa se svataMtra hotA huA bhI sAtha-sAtha rahate haiN| guNoM ke madhya avinAbhAva sambandha hotA hai| isI prakAra dravya aura guNoM ke madhya nitya tAdAtmaya sambandha hotA hai| isa kAraNa dravya se guNa kabhI bhinna nahIM hote|

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anekAnta-56/3-4 117 pratyeka dravya meM anaMta guNa hote haiN| guNa do prakAra ke hote hai:- sAmAnya aura vishess| astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, agurUlaghutva aura pradezatva yaha chaha sAmAnya guNa sabhI dravyoM meM pAye jAte haiN| anya sAmAnya guNoM meM jIva cetana aura amUrtika haiN| pudgala acetana aura mUrtika hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla acetana aura amUrtika haiN| isa prakAra do-do guNa sAmAnya meM sammalita ho jAte haiM (naya cakra vR. 16) / dravyoM ke vizeSa guNa isa prakAra haiMjIva-jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya Adi anaMta guNoM vAlA hai| pudgala dravya rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, varNa aura sparza guNa vAlA hai| dharma dravya gati hetutva, adharma dravya sthiti hetutva, AkAza dravya-avagAhana hetutva aura kAla dravya-pariNamana hetutva svabhAva vAle haiN| dravya ke guNa svabhAva aura vibhAva rUpa meM bhI vargIkRta haiN| jIva aura pudgala dravyoM kA pariNamana svabhAva aura vibhAva rUpa meM hotA hai| kriyAratI zakti usakA AdhAra hai| jIva dravya kI dRSTi se kevalajJAnAdi jIva kA asAdhAraNa svabhAva guNa hai aura agurUlaghutva sAdhAraNa svabhAva guNa hai| mati zruta Adi jJAna jIva ke vibhAva guNa haiN| isake bhI do bheda haiM- samyagmati zrutAdi aura mithyA mtishrutaadi| jIva jaba pAriNamika bhAva rUpa jJAyaka dhruva svabhAva kA Azraya letA hai taba AtmAnubhUti pUrvaka samyagjJAnAdi kI utpatti hotI hai| yaha samyagjJAnAdi ke Azraya se hI kevalajJAna kI pUrNatA prApta hotI hai| ise sAdhana-sAdhya bhAva kahate haiN| isake anusAra zuddha guNAMza se pUrNatA kI prApti hotI hai| isa dRSTi se dravya-guNa-paryAya tripada meM guNa kA vizeSa mahatva haiN| paryAya to kSaNika hone se heya-para samaya kahI gayI hai| pudgala dravya kA svabhAva pariNamana paramANu ke rUpAdi guNa haiN| vibhAva pariNamana skaMdha ke vibhAva guNa haiN| zeSa cAra guNoM kA pariNamana svabhAva rUpa hI kahA gayA hai| svabhAva rUpa guNoM ko anujIvI guNa kahate haiM, jaise-samyaktva, cAritra, sukha, cetanA, sparza, rasa, aadi| vastu ke abhAva-rUpa guNoM ko dharma ke pratijIvI guNa kahate haiM, jaise vastutva, amUrtatva, acetanatva aadi| prAgabhAva,

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118 anekAnta - 56/3-4 pradhvaMsAbhAva, atyantAbhAva aura anyonyAbhAva ye pratijIvI guNa svarUpa abhAva aMza mAne jAte haiN| zakti, lakSaNa, vizeSa, dharma, rUpa, guNa, svabhAva, prakRti, zIla aura AkRti saba zabda eka hI artha ke bodhaka haiN| lakSaNa, guNa, aMga ye saba ekArthavAcI zabda haiM (paM. dha. / u/478) / paryAya- dravya anaMta guNoM kA piNDa hai| guNoM meM niraMtara parivartana hotA rahatA hai jo paryAya kahalAtA hai / dravya kI pariNati yA kArya tathA dravya ke vikAra ko paryAya kahate haiN| jo sarva aura bheda ko prApta kare so paryAya hai- 'pari samantAdAyaH paryAyaH' (rA. vA. 1 / 33/1 / 95 / 6 ) / paryAya kA artha vastu kA aMza hai / vaha do prakAra kA hai- dhruva anvayI aura kSaNika vyatirekI / anvayI ko guNa aura vyatirekI ko paryAya kahate haiN| paryAya guNoM ke vizeSa pariNamana rUpa haiN| paryAyeM krama bhAvI/krama niyamita kSaNika hotI haiM / ve bhI kathaMcita sat haiM / paryAya zuddha - azuddha upAdAna kI tatkAla kI yogyatAnusAra utpanna- vinAza ko prApta hotI rahatIM hai / kAraNa anusAra kArya hotA hai| kAraNoM kA samUha 'samavAya' kahA jAtA hai, ve pA~ca haiM :- svabhAva, nimitta niyati ( honahAra ), puruSArtha aura bhavitavya / inameM 'svabhAva' dravya hai, zeSa paryAyeM haiM / jIva ke pA~ca bhAvoM meM pAriNAmika bhAva svabhAva bhAva hai, zeSa cAra bhAva paryAyeM haiM / paryAya ke bheda jAnanA bhI apekSita hai| paryAya do prakAra kI hai- dravya paryAya aura guNa paryAya / anya prakAra se isake do bheda hai- vyaMjana paryAya aura artha paryAya / paryAyeM svabhAva aura vibhAva rUpa do-do prakAra kI hotI haiM yathAsvabhAva dravya vyaMjana paryAya, vibhAva dravya vyaMjana paryAya, svabhAva guNa paryAya aura vibhAva guNa pryaay| artha va guNa paryAya ekArthI haiM tathA vyaMjana va dravya paryAya ekArthavAcI haiM / dravya (vyaMjana) paryAya bhI do prakAra kI hai - samAnajAtIya dravya paryAya jaise skaMdha aura asamAna jAtIya dravya paryAya jaise nara, devAdika kI jIva-pudgalAtmaka pryaay| vyaMjana paryAya sthUla- zabda gocara hai| guNa paryAya sUkSma jJAna viSayaka hai /

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anekAnta-56/3-4 119 karmopAdhi rahita paryAyeM svabhAva dravya-vyaMjana paryAya hai jaise siddha evaM avibhAgI prmaannu| karmopAdhisahita paryAya vibhAva dravya-vyaMjana paryAya hai jaise manuSya, deva evaM pudagla ekNgh| dravya karma evaM bhAva karma se rahita zuddha jJAna, darzana, sukha va vIrya jIva dravya kI svabhAva guNa paryAya hai| paramANu ke rUpa rasAdi pudgala dravya kI svabhAva guNa paryAya hai| mati, zruta avadhi va manaHparyAya ye cAra jJAna evaM tIna ajJAna ye saba jIva dravya kI vibhAva guNa paryAya hai| isake bhI jJAna-ajJAna vibhAjaka samyak-mithyA rUpa do bheda haiN| jIva-pudgala dravya pariNAmI hone se unakI paryAyeM svabhAva-vibhAva rUpa hotI haiN| zeSa cAra dravyoM kI vibhAva guNa paryAya nahIM hotii| svabhAva guNa paryAya ke bhI do bheda haiM-kAraNa zuddha paryAya aura kAryazuddha pryaay| pAriNAmika bhAva kI pariNati kAraNa zuddha paryAya hai| dravya, guNa aura pAriNAmika bhAva kI pariNati rUpa kAraNa zuddha paryAya ko kAraNa paramAtmA bhI kahate haiN| isake Azraya se kevala jJAnAdi anaMta catuSTaya kI prApti kArya zuddha paryAya kahalAtI hai| ise hI kArya paramAtmA bhI kahate haiN| paryAyoM ke ukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki paryAya-buddhi vAlA jIva mithyAdRSTi hotA hai| phira inake jJAna kI kyA upayogitA hai? tripAdatmaka dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM dravya trikAla zuddha hai jise kAraNa paramAtmA yA kAraNa zuddha paryAya kahA hai| padArtho ke sat svarUpa aura unakI svataMtratA kA jJAna kara AtmA ke dravya svabhAva rUpa paramapAriNAmika bhAva kA Azraya yA sva-sanmukhatAse mati-zruta jJAnAdi ko samyaka kara vizuddha pariNAmoM ko pAra kara zuddhopayoga dvArA samasta karmo kA kSaya kara kevalajJAnAdi anaMta catuSTaya rUpa kArya paramAtmA banA jA sakatA hai| AcArya kunda kunda ne tripadAtmaka dravya ke lakSaNa ke jJAna-anubhava ko suphala mohagraMthi kA kSaya honA batAyA hai| unhIM ke zabdoM meM jo jANadi arahataM davvattaguNattapajjayattehiM so jANadi appANaM mohokhalu jAdi tassa layaM / (pravacanasAra, 80)

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120 anekAnta-56/3-4 artha- jo vAstava meM arahaMta bhagavAna ko dravya rUpa se, guNa rUpa se ora paryAya rUpa se jAnatA hai vaha vAstava meM apane AtmA ko jAnatA hai| kyoMki donoM meM nizcaya se koI aMtara nahIM hai| usakA moha avazya laya (kSaya) ko prApta hotA hai| aisA jIva AtmA ke samyak tatva ko upalabdha kara rAgadveSa ko chor3atA huA zuddhAtmA ko prApta karatA hai| sabhI bhavya AtmAe~ jinopadiSTa dravya ke trilakSaNAtmaka sat svarUpa evaM tripadAtmaka-svarUpa ko jAnakara AtmAnubhava kareM aura triratna rUpa mokSa mArga dvArA zuddhAtmA ke Azraya se sva-samaya rUpa zuddhAtmA kI prApti kareM, yahI maMgala bhAvanA hai| isameM hI AtmA ke abhyUdaya evaM niHzreyasa pada kI prApti sambhava hai| yahI loka kalyANa kI maMgala bhAvanA kA sajaka hai| jIva-pudgala dravya kI paryAya dravya vyajana paryAya guNa/artha paryAya svabhAva dravya vyajana paryAya vibhASa dravya vyajana paryAya svabhAva guNa paryAya vibhAva guNa paryAya | karmApAdhi rahita siddha 2 avibhAgI paramANu karmopAdhi sahita manuSya deva 2 pudgala skaSa / dravya karma-bhAva karma rahita zuddha jAna darzanAdi kI paryAya 2 eka pudgala paramANu ke rUpa rasa Adi / matijJAnAdi cAra jJAna aura tIna ajJAna kI paryAya 2 pudgala kI skaya paryAya samAnajAtIya paryAya asamAna jAtIya jIva-pudgala pudgala-skaSa kI mizrita manuSya deva paryAya kAraNa zuddha paryAya pAriNAmika bhAva ko pariNati kAryazuma paryAya kevalajJAnAdi kI anata catuSTaya paryAya samyak vibhAva paryAya matijJAnAdi kI smayaka paryAya mithyA vibhAva / yi kumati (ajJAna) Ati kI mithyA paryAya vI-369 o zrI ema. kAlonI amalAI, jilA-zahaDola (ma.pra.) phona : 07652-286268

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karma siddhAnta kI vaijJAnikatA ___ -prAcArya (paM.) nihAlacanda jaina jIvana donoM tarapha phailA hai-bAhara bhI, bhItara bhii| bAhara kI khoja vijJAna hai aura bhItara kI khoja adhyAtma-vijJAna hai| ise vItarAga vijJAna se bhI saMjJita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi bAhara kA bhautika vijJAna dRzya jIvana kI jar3a hai to adhyAtma-vijJAna kA artha jIvana kA mahakatA phUla hai| dharma kA mUla srota antarjJAna-dRSTi hai aura vijJAna kA mUla-buddhi/tarka para TikA hai| antadRSTi-sarvakAlika aura zAzvata hotI hai jabaki buddhi aura tarka-kAraNoM ke badala jAne se parivartanazIla hai| isalie vijJAna prayogoM ke niSkarSa para/anubhava para TikA hai, jabaki dharma anubhUti pr| parantu donoM kA udgama-caitanya AtmA hai| ___ jaise vAyuyAna, dharAtala para banI havAI-paTTI para gatizIla hokara AkAza meM Upara uThatA hai, aise hI jIvana kA vAyuyAna vijJAna kI paTrI para gatizIla banakara dharma ke unmukta AkAza meM UrdhvazIla hotA hai| ataH svastha-jIvana kI do AkheM haiM : vijJAna aura adhyAtma vijJAna-donoM kI rozanI se hI samanvaya kA darzana phalita hotA hai| vijJAna samRddha huA hai| ikkIsavIM zatAbdI supara kampyUTara kI dhurI para ghuumegii| sUcanAoM kI prodyaugikI/jJAna koSa meM vRddhi hogI parantu yadi adhyAtma anupasthita rahA to usameM sad dRSTi kA viveka nahIM jur3a paayegaa| yAda rakheM : viveka rahita jJAna se saMvadenazIla aura saundaryaparaka sRjana-zakti kI bajAya dhvaMsAtmaka zakti ko jyAdA bar3hAvA milegaa| __dharma aura vijJAna kI sahamaitrI-ikkIsavIM zatAbdI ke lie zubhAzISa bane aura inakI vyApti vistRta ho isa zodhAlekha ko isI bhAva se nihArA jA sake, to karmasiddhAnta kI zAzvatatA ko vaijJAnika-A~kha se bhI par3hA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM karma kI siddhi- pratyeka jIva mUlataH anantajJAna, darzana, sukha

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122 ta-56/3-4 aura zakti vAlA hai parantu jIva ke ye mUla guNa vartamAna meM pragaTa nahIM hai usakA kAraNa hamAre bhAva-karma aura dravya karma kI saMtati hai| so savvaNANadarisI kammarayeNa NiyeNa tacchaNNe (samayasAraga gA. 67) ananta catuSTaya zakti vAle jIva ko parAbhUta karane vAlA pratipakSI dravya karma bhI ananta zakti sampanna hai| jaisA AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ne iSTopadeza meM kahA mohane saMvRtaM jJAnaM, svabhAvaM labhate na hi| mattaH pumAnpadArthAnAM yathA mdnkodrvaiH|| jisa prakAra nazIle kodoM ke sevana se jIva hitAhita ko bhUla kara madamasta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra mohakarma rUpI madya se apane mUla svarUpa, zuddha rUpa ko prApta nahIM kara pA rahA hai| jaise maila ke prabhAva se vastra kI zubhratA naSTa ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra karmoM kI sattA ke kAraNa jIva saMsArI banA duHkha prApta kara rahA hai| mokSa-mArga ko prazasta karane guNa ko rokane vAlA mithyAtva, ajJAna aura kaSAya bhAva ke udaya se AtmA mithyA dRSTi, ajJAnI aura acAritrI ho rahA hai| nAsti karmaphalacchetAkAzcilloka mayo'pi c| (mahAbhArata) tIna loka meM koI aisA puruSa nahIM jo karmoM ke phala ko bhoge binA unheM naSTa kara ske| AMgla-bhASA meM kahAvata hai "As we Sow, so we reap". hama jo. bIja bote haiM usI ke phala kI phasala kATate haiN| jIva pariNAma hernu kammataM puggalA prinnmeti| puggala kammaNimittaM, tahave jIvo vi prinnmdi|| (samayasAra gAthA 80) jIva ke rAgadveSa pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara karmavargaNA yogya pudgala dravya

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anekAnta-56/3-4 123 karmarUpa meM badala jAte haiN| arthAt bhAvoM se dravyakarma AmaMtrita hote haiN| isI prakAra dravya karma kA sahayoga pAkara jIva mithyAtva aura rAgAdi-bhAva rUpa pariNAma karatA hai| jaisa puruSa dvArA grahaNa kiyA AhAra rasa vipAkoM dvArA mAMsa, rudhira, majjA, vIrya Adi meM rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra karma-skandha (samUha) bhI jIvoM meM rAgAdi bhAvoM ko prApta karake ATha svabhAva vAle karmo meM pariNamita ho jAtA hai| karma kA rasAyanavijJAna- karma kA udaya jIva kI svatantratA ko bAdhita karatA hai aura ise parataMtra rakhanA cAhatA hai| jIva ke pAriNAmika bhAva aura audayika bhAva, donoM kA saMgharSa nirantara cAlU hai| usa saMgharSa ne jIva kI cetanA ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA : 1. jJAna cetanA, 2. karma cetanA aura 3. karmaphala cetnaa| 1. jJAna cetanA kA kAma hai mAtra jaannaa| A~kha ke sAmane AI vastu kA jJAna ho jAnA jJAna cetanA hai| 2. karma cetanA- isakA kAma rAgadveSa utpanna karanA hai| pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya hamAre sAmane Ate haiM, usameM kisI ke prati rAga to kisI dUsare viSaya ke prati dveSa, yaha kAma moha kA hai yA kaheM ki karma cetanA kA hai| 3. karmaphala cetanA- isakA kAma sukha-dukhaH kI saMvedanA paidA karanA hai| iSTa viSaya meM sukha kA saMvedana aura aniSTa se duHkha kA saMvedana, yaha karmaphala cetanA kA kAma hai| meDikala sAinsa ke anusAra aneka prakAra kI zArIrika granthiyoM ke rasAyana (chemicals) banate haiM aura rasoM kA srAva hotA hai| karmazAstra ke anusAra karma kA rasAyana banatA hai, jise karma kA anubhAga baMdha kahate haiN| karma kA rasavipAka, granthitaMtra aura nAr3ItaMtra ko prabhAvita karatA hai| karma udaya AyA, vipAka huA aura nAr3I granthi taMtra prabhAvita ho gyaa| rasa badalA aura vicAra badala jAte haiN| AcAra/vyavahAra badala jAtA hai| kaI bAra aisA hotA hai ki vyakti yaha jAnatA hai ki amuka kAma burA hai kintu jaba karma kA udaya

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124 anekAnta-56/3-4 aura vipAka kAla AtA hai, to usa vyakti se vaha kAma jaise koI jabarana karavA detA hai| jaba karma kA vipAka AtA hai to do sthitiyAM banatI haiM : (1) puNya karma kA vipAka AyA to sukha milatA hai-priya saMvedana hotA hai| dharma ke prati zraddhAbhibhUta samyagdRSTi usa samaya vicAratA hai ki maiM puNya kA aisA bhoga karU~ jisase Age vaha pApa kA kAraNa na bana jaaye| vaha socatA hai ki puNya se jo sukha-suvidhAeM/bhoga prApta haiM, inheM maiM nahIM bhoguuNgaa| vaha karmo se halkA hotA huA nirjarA ko prApta hotA hai| dharma se vihIna vyakti puNyakarma ke vipAka samaya milI sukha/suvidhAoM meM itanA magna ho jAtA hai ki vaha apane heya/upAdeya kA khyAla nahIM rakhatA jisase vaha AgAmI karmo kA baMdha hI karatA hai| (2) jaba pApa karma kA vipAka AtA hai to vyakti behAla ho jAtA hai| parantu samyagdRSTi dharmAtmA vicAratA hai ki maiMne atIta meM azubha karma kiyA jisakA yaha duHkha rUpa phala hai ataH isakA bhoktA kyoM banU~? aisA vicAra kara vaha samatA bhAva rakhatA hai, jisase nae pApa karma nahIM bAMdhatA hai| ukta donoM sthitiyA~ taba banatIM haiM jaba jJAna cetanA jAgatI hai| karmabandha kI prakriyA (vaijJAnika pRSTha bhUmi)- karma kA Asava, baMdha tathA karma kA saMvara aura nirjarA, vaijJAnika siddhAnta ke AdhAra se vyAkhyAyita kI jA sakatI hai| karma siddhAnta kI vaijJAnikatA- pudgala dravya (Physical matter) ko 33 vargaNAoM (Classifications) ke antargata rakhA mAnA gayA hai| inameM eka kArmaNa vargaNA bhI hai| jo jIva ke vibhAva pariNamana ke anusAra karmarUpa badalakara jIva/AtmA ke sAtha saMyukta ho jAte haiN| sampUrNa lokAkAza ina kArmaNa rUpa sUkSma pudgala dravya se bharA huA hai, jaise sampUrNa AkAza meM vidyuta cumbakIya taraMgeM (Electro magnetic waves) vyApta haiN| karma-paramANu ke paMja atyanta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa, taraMga rUpa meM gamana karate hue mAne jA sakate haiN| jinakI kampanAka (Frequencies) bahuta uccatama-X-Rays ke kampanAMka (1011-1017 Htz) kI tulanA meM asaMkhya gunA jyAdA hotI hai|

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anekAnta-56/3-4 125 eka nizcita kampana kI vi. cu. taraMgoM ko reDiyo-risIvara dvArA prApta karane ke lie, usameM eka aise dolitra (Oscillator) kA upayoga karate haiM jo usa viziSTa kampana kI taraMgoM ko paidA kara rahA ho| use vidyutIya sAmyAvasthA kA siddhAnta (Principal of Electrical Resonance) kahate haiN| isase AkAza meM vyApta vaha vizeSa kampana vAlI taraMgeM risIvara dvArA grahaNa kara lI jAtI haiN| risIvara meM yaha saMdhAritra-praNAlI (Condenser) dvArA sampanna (Tunned) kara lI jAtI hai| Atma-pradezoM dvArA kArmaNa skandhoM kI taraMgoM ko grahaNa karane meM yahI prakriyA hotI hai| karma udaya/vipAka ke samaya, Atma-pradezoM meM tIvra kampana hote haiM, jisase azuddha bhAvoM kA sRjana hotA hai| AtmA pradezoM meM yaha kampana (Vibrations) mana, vANI aura zarIra ke aMga-upAMga ke parispandana kI sahAyatA se hotA hai, jise jainadarzana meM "yoga" saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gyaa| ___ yahA~ Atma-pradeza dolitra (Oscillator) kI bhAMti vyavahAra karatA hai| Atma bhAvoM ke anurUpa utpanna taraMgeM jisa taraMga lambAI (wavelength-) kI hotI haiM unhIM taraMga lambAI (A) vAlI karma-vargaNA kI taraMgoM ko svataH AkAza se apanI ora AkarSita kara grahaNa kara letA hai (vi. sAmyA. ke siddhAntAnusAra) jise jainadarzana kI bhASA meM kaheM ki bhAva karmo se dravyakarmo kA AnA (Asava tattva) hotA hai| zaMkA-Atma pradezoM meM kampana kyoM hotA hai? kauna preraka hai? samAdhAna-pUrvabaddha karma kA jaba vipAka samaya AtA hai to ve Atma-pradezoM meM kampana utpanna karake vilaga ho jAte haiN| karma vizeSa kA udaya/vipAka kAla ke samaya yaha parispandana hotA hai| cUMki prati samaya karma kA udaya hotA hai jisase prati samaya Atma-pradeza-spandana bhI hotA rahatA hai aura ve navIna karmoM ko grahaNa karane kI bhUmikA kA nirmANa karate haiN| ___ Atma pradeza aura karma-paramANuoM kA yaha saMzleSa, karmabaMdha hai| isa karma baMdha ke do kArAka (Elements) haiM :

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126 (1) bhAva - moha, mithyAtva, rAga-dveSa, kASAyika ( krodha, lobhAdi) Adi jIva ke vaibhAvika (azuddha / vikRta) bhAva haiM / jo Atma pradezoM meM (Self Oscillations) utpanna karate haiM / anekAnta-56/3-4 (2) dravya baMdha- navIna karma - paramANuoM kA pUrvabaddha karmo ke sAtha yA Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha eka kSetrAvagAhI rUpa ho jAnA dravyabaMdha hai / sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAna pudgalAnAdatte sa baMdhaH / / ( tatvArtha sUtra 8- 21 ) 64 kaSAya sahita hone para kArmaNa skandhoM ko grahaNa karanA baMdha hai vijJAna kI bhASA meM kaheM to Atma- pradezoM ke kampana (Oscillation) tathA kArmaNa taraMgoM ke kampana (Vibration / frequencies) kA adhyAropaNa (Interference) honA baMdha hai I jaina darzana meM baMdha kA svarUpa jogA paDi paesA Thidi aNubhAgA kasAyado kuNadi / ayariNaducchiNNesu ya baMdha ThidikAraNaM Natthi / / ( go . karmakANDa - 257-216) saMsArIjIva-yoga se prakRti va pradeza baMdha ko karatA hai tathA kaSAya se sthiti evaM anubhAga- baMdha karatA hai| jo jIva yoga aura kaSAya se yukta nahIM hai, unake karmabaMdha bhI nahIM hai / isa prakAra karmabaMdha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai : 1. prakRti baMdha - karma kI prakRti / svabhAva ko prakRti baMdha kahA gayA jo ATha prakAra kA hai : 1. jJAnAvaraNI karma - jo AtmA ke jJAna svabhAva ko Dhaka detA hai jaise bhagavAna kI pratimA ke sAmane vastra rahane se unakA rUpa daka jAtA hai / 2. darzanAvaraNI karma- cetanA rUpI prakAza ko AvRta karane vAlA karma hai jaise dvArapAla - rAjA / maMtrI se milane nahIM detA / 3. vedanIya karma - indriyoM kA apane rUpAdi viSayoM kA anubhava karanA vedanIya hai| usameM sAtA / asAtA rUpa sukha/duHkha kA jo karma vedana

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anekAnta-56/3-4 127 (anubhava) karAte haiM ve vedanIya karma hai| 4. mohanIya karma- jo jIva ko mohita kre| jo jIva ke darzana guNa ko mohita karake use mithyAdRSTi banAtA hai, vaha darzana mohanIya hai tathA jo jIva ke cAritra guNa ko mohita karake AtmA ke cAritra guNa ko prakaTa nahIM hone detA vaha cAritra mohanIya hai jaise zarAba ke naze meM jIva apane ko bhUla jAtA hai| yaha sabase zaktizAlI karma hai| 5. Ayukarma- jisa karma ke udaya se jIva nAnA gatiyoM meM jAtA hai/jAne ke lie majabUra hotA hai| 6. nAnakarma- jaise citrakAra aneka prakAra ke citra banAtA hai, usI prakAra nAmakarma saMsAra saMracanA kA kAma karatA hai| zubha nAmakarma se sundara aura azubha nAma karma se vikalAMga kurUpAdi zarIra prApta hote haiN| 7. gotra karma- jaise kumbhakAra choTe bar3e ghar3oM kA nirmANa karatA hai, usI prakAra yaha karma jIva ko ucca yA nIca AcaraNa vAle gotra meM pratiSThita karatA hai| 8. antarAya- jo dAtA aura pAtra Adi ke bIca vighna utpanna karA de, jaisa bhaNDArI, rAjAdi ke lie dAnAdi meM hastakSepa kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai usI prakAra antarAya karma jIva ko parAGmukhI banA detA hai| karmo kI ye ATha prakRti, taraMga-siddhAnta se vibhinna taraMga-dairdhya (wave length) vAlI yA unakI viziSTa bAraMbAratA (Freguencies) meM haA karatI haiN| alaga-alaga taraMga-dairdhya kI kArmaNa taMrageM, alaga-alaga prakati/svabhAva vAlI hotI haiM jaise bhinna-bhinna raMgoM kA prakAza bhinna-bhinna taraMga dairdhya vAlA hotA hai| 2. anubhAga baMdha vipAkaH prAgupAttAnAM yaH shubhshbhkrmnnm| asAvanubhavI jJeyo yathAnAma bhavecca sH|| pUrva meM kahe zubha-azubha karmo kA jo vipAka-rasa hai vaha anubhAga/anubhava kahalAtA hai| jisa karma kA jaisA nAma hai, usakA vaisA hI anubhava hai|

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128 anekAnta-56/3-4 'vipaako'nubhvH|' (tattvArtha 8/21) sa yathAnAma-(vahI-8/22) udaya meM Akara phala dene kA anubhava baMdha kahate haiN| yaha dravya, kSetra kAla, bhava aura bhAva kI sApekSatApUrvaka tIvra yA maMdabhAva rUpa hotA hai| 3. pradeza baMdha- tattvArthasUtra 8-24 kA nimna sUtra pradezabaMdha ke saMbaMdha meM 6 bAtoM kA rahasya kholatA hai'nAmapratyayAHsarvatoyogavizeSAt sUkSmaikakSetrAvagAhai sthitA sarvAtma pradezasvAnAntAnantaH pradezAH' 1. pradezabaMdha kisake kAraNa hai? (nAma pratyayAH) jJAnAvaraNadi sabhI karma prakRtiyoM ke kaarnn|| 2. ve karma pradeza kaba, kahA~ baMdhate haiM? (sarvataH) sabhI bhAvoM meN| 3. kisa kAraNa se baMdhate haiM? (yoga vizeSatA) mana vacana aura kAya ke parispandana rUpa yoga ke kAraNa se baMdhate haiN| 4. una karmo kA svabhAva kaisA hai? (sUkSmaika kSetrAvagAhaH) sUkSmarUpa haiN| 5. baMdhane vAle karma kinako bAMdhate haiM? (sarvAtmapradezeSu) AtmA ke sampUrNa pradezoM meM kSetravartI karma paramANuoM ko| 6. ve karma-skandha kitanI saMkhyA vAle haiM? (anaMtAnaMta pradezAH) eka AtmA ke asaMkhyAta pradeza hote haiM aura pratyeka pradeza meM prati samaya anaMtAnaMta pradezI pudgala skandha baMdha rUpa hote rahate haiN| 4. sthiti baMdha- pratyeka karma ke baMdhe rahane kI kAla-maryAdA ko sthiti baMdha kahate haiN| jaise vedanIya, antarAya, jJAnAvaraNI va darzanAvAraNI ke utkRSTa sthiti 30 kor3Akor3I mohanIya kI 70 kor3akor3I nAma va gotra kI 20 kor3Akor3I saagr| tathA Ayu kI 33 sAgara kI hotI hai| isI prakAra jaghanya sthiti-vedanIya kI 12 muhUrta, nAma va gotra kI 8 muhUrta tathA zeSa samastakarmo kI antamuhUrta hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM "karma" kA vahI sthAna hai jo anya darzanoM meM Izvara kaa| karma kI bhUmikA Izvara ke rUpa meM hai jo jIvoM ke paryAyoM kI saSTi, saMrakSaNa aura saMhAra karatA rahatA hai|

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