Agam 43 Mool 04 Uttaradhyayana Sutra ka Shailivaigyanik Adhyayana

Author(s): Amitpragyashreeji
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002572/1

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uttarAdhyayana kA zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03 samaNI amitaprajJA

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uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana samaNI amita prajJA jaina vizvabhAratI prakAzana 2010_03

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(c) jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM - 341 306 (rAjasthAna) mUlya : 75.00 rupaye saMskaraNa : mArca, 2005 prakAzaka : jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU~ - 341 306 (rAjasthAna) saujanya : sva. prabhubhAI vAr3IbhAI mehatA kI puNyasmRti meM unakI dharmapatnI prabhAbena, bhAIzrI bAbubhAI, pravINabhAI, putra vipina, zrIkeza, bhatIjA-tuSAra evaM nIrava bAva- sUrata citrAMkana : jagadIza nAgara, 9/2, 'kamalAzraya', dAnIgeTa, ujjaina (ma.pra.) TAipasaiTiMga : yUnivarsala grAphiksa, lADanUM - 341 306 (rAjasthAna) mudraka : esa. ema. priNTarsa, zAhadarA, dillI-32 2010_03

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arham uttarAdhyayana Agama sAhitya ke adhyayana kI janmadhUMTI hai| yaha AjIvana poSaNa dene vAlA hai| isameM, tattva, darzana, kathA, jIvanavRta, ina sabakA samAveza hai| isakA adhyayana aneka koNoM se huA hai| isa para bar3I-bar3I TIkAeM likhI gaI haiN| zailI vijJAna kI dRSTi se samaNI amitaprajJA ne jo prayatna kiyA hai, vaha prathama hai| isa viSaya meM Adhunika zailI se likhA gayA graMtha zailIvijJAna ke pAThakoM ke lie bahuta upayogI hai| AcArya mahAprajJa bhikSu vihAra jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 22 pharavarI, 2005 2010_03

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2010_03

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apanI ora se bhAva, kalpanA, buddhi aura zailI sAhitya ke ye cAra tattva haiN| bhAva sAhitya kI AtmA hai| sAhitya kA lakSya kevala jJAnavRddhi hI nahIM hai apitu pAThaka ke mana-mastiSka ko bhAvanAoM se sarobAra kara denA bhI hai| isakI pUrti bhAvoM ke citraNa se hI saMbhava hai| bhAvoM kA citraNa kalpanA zakti ke abhAva meM kaThina hai| kavi-kalpanA ke raMga se sAdhAraNa ghaTanA bhI adhyetA ke hRdaya ko balapUrvaka AkarSita karatI hai, parokSa ghaTanA bhI pratyakSa meM rUpAyita ho jAtI hai| buddhi kA sambandha tathya, vicAra, siddhAnta se hai| ataH buddhizUnya kalpanA jyAdA kAragara nahIM hotI hai| sAhityakAra jisa bhASA aura DhaMga se apane vicAroM kI prastuti karatA hai, vahI usakI zailI hai| zailI zabdacayana, sAhitya ke tattvoM Adi ko apane meM sameTe hue rahatI hai| isa dRSTi se yadi bhAva, kalpanA aura buddhi sAhitya ke prANa haiM to zailI usakA zarIra hai| bhAva, kalpanA, buddhi, aura zailI-ina cAroM kA samAhAra uttarAdhyayana meM dekhane ko milatA hai| ye uttarajjhayaNANi ke pAThaka ko adhyAtma kI anubhUtiyoM ke prakAza se prakAzita to karatI hI hai, pAThaka meM gaMbhIra adhyayana kI preraNA kA sphuraNa bhI karatI hai| uttarAdhyayana jIvanamUlyoM kI AdhArazilA hai| dharmakathAnuyoga ke aMtargata parigaNita uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsa adhyayanoM meM dhArmika, dArzanika tathyoM ke sAtha kAvya-zAstrIya tattvoM kA samAyojana bhI sahajatayA huA hai| kahIM kathAoM ke mAdhyama se to kahIM praznottara ke mAdhyama se yathArtha taka pahuMcane kA rAstA batAyA gayA hai| jIvana rUpI araNya meM bhramaNa karate hue vyakti ke lie uttarAdhyayana kI gAthAeM prakAza stambha svarUpa haiM 'samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae' (10/1) 'savvaM vilaviyaM.....' (13/16) 2010_03

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'na tassa dukkhaM....' (13/23) 'mANussaM khu sudullahaM' (22/38) bhItara eka preraNA jagI ki adhyAtma kI mahattvapUrNa upalabdhiyAM evaM usa samaya ke sAMskRtika prakAza ko kAvyabhASA ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta karane vAlA uttarAdhyayana svAdhyAya kA aMga bane / kucha vidvAna AgamoM ko nIrasa mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki AgamoM meM sAhityika tattva nahIM haiN| 'uttarAdhyayana eka zramaNa kAvya hai' isase bhI kucha vidvAna sahamata nahIM hai| kintu hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTrecara (bhAga 2) meM pAzcAtya vidvAna vinTaranitsa ne ise zramaNakAvya se abhihita kiyA hai| vakrokti, rasa, chaMda, alaMkAra, pratIka, bimba Adi kAvya ke tattvoM kA bharapUra prayoga uttarAdhyayana meM huA hai| ataH nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana zramaNakAvya hai, isakI prAmANikatA asaMdigdha hai| kAvya ke inhIM tattvoM kA zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana ke mAdhyama se ujAgara karane kA prayatna prastuta zodha prabaMdha meM huA hai| . zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana AlocanA evaM samIkSA kI vaha paddhati hai, jisameM kisI bhI kRti kI bhASAtAttvika, vaiyAkaraNika, kAvyazAstrIya Adi pravidhiyoM kA samaveta adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai, eka-eka padAvali kA vivecana evaM vizleSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana kevala zuSka dArzanika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdaka grantha nahIM, kintu yaha zreSTha kAvya ke sabhI aMgo se paripUrNa hai| mAgha kI yaha ukti- 'kSaNe kSaNe yannavatAmupaiti tadeva rUpaM ramaNIyatAyAH' isa grantha meM pada-pada para ghaTita hai| eka ora isameM zreSTha kavi hRdaya se saMbhUta zrutisukhada padoM kA prayoga parilakSita hotA hai vahIM dUsarI ora cetana para acetana ke Aropa rUpa upacAra vakratA, rUpakAtmaka pratIka Adi kA utkRSTa nidarzana bhI prApta hotA hai| yathA - ArUDho sohae ahiyaM, sire cUr3AmaNi jahA / 22/10 vAsudeva ke madavAle jyeSTha gandhahastI para ArUDha ariSTanemi sira para cUr3AmaNi kI taraha suzobhita haa| cetana (ariSTanemi) para acetana (cUr3AmaNi) kA yaha udAharaNa upacAra vakratA kA zreSTha nidarzana hai| isI prakAra cora ke pratIka ke rUpa meM 'indriya' zabda kA navInatama prayoga huA hai ___ 2010_03

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kappaM na icchijja sahAyalicchU pacchANutAve ya tavappabhAvaM / evaM viyAre amiyappayAre AvajaI iMdiyacoravasse // (32/104) jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa kA kSAyopazamika bhAva-indriyAM jaba rAgadveSAtmaka pravRtti meM lipta hotI haiM taba manuSya ke dharmarUpI sarvasva ko chIna letI haiM, isa dRSTi se cora ke pratIka ke rUpa meM indriyoM kA sAbhiprAya prayoga huA hai| vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se bhI uttarAdhyayana meM arvAcIna prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kI apekSA kucha viziSTa prayoga prayukta huye hai| yathA- AhaMsu (2/45), vigiMca (3/13), elikkhaM (7/22), tAI (8/4), ahotthA (20/ 19), mannasI (23/80) / uttarAdhyayana kI kAvyabhASAgata saMracanA prakiyA meM zabdacayana kavi ke vizAla anubhava sAgara se niHsRta hai| 'uttarAdhyayanaH zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana' ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa prastuta karanA asaMgata na hogA ki uttarAdhyayana kI kAvyabhASA eka ora apanI zabdasampadA meM paryApta samRddha hai to dUsarI ora racanAkAra ke kAvyagata kathya ko pAThaka varga taka saMpreSita karane meM hara taraha se samartha bhI hai| sahajatA ke sAtha prAJjalatA kavi kA kAvyaguNa hai| uttarAdhyayana kA pratipAdya vizada hai| dasaveAliyaM taha uttarajjhayaNANi meM uttarAdhyayana ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA kA pratinidhi kahA jA sakatA hai isakI mahattA kA pratipAdana isa para likhita vistRta vyAkhyAsAhitya se hotA hai| jitane vyAkhyA-grantha uttarAdhyayana ke haiM, utane anya kisI Agama ke nahIM haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke prApta vyAkhyA-granthoM meM sarvAdhika prAcIna AcArya bhadrabAhu kRta 'uttarAdhyayananiyukti' hai| jinadAsa mahattara kRta 'uttarAdhyayana cUrNi' bhI prApta hai| uttarAdhyayana para vAdivaitAla zAMtisUrI kI saMskRta bhASA meM likhI 'bRhavRtti' mahattvapUrNa hai| bRhadvatti ke AdhAra para 12 vIM zatAbdI meM nemIcandra sUrI ne 'sukhabodhA' TIkA likhii| vikrama saMvat 1679 meM bhAvavijayajI ne uttarAdhyayana para sarvArthasiddhi TIkA likhI / inake atirikta aura bhI vyAkhyA grantha prApta haiM, jo prAyaH mukhya vyAkhyAgranthoM ke upajIvI haiN| unakA nAma, kartA aura racanAkAla nIce diyA 2010_03

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jA rahA hai (jainabhAratI 1. varSa 7, aMka 33, pR. 565-68 meM prakAzita zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA ke uttarAdhyayana sUtra aura usakI TIkAeM lekha para AdhRta)vyAkhyA -grantha kartA racanAkAla avacUri jJAnasAgara vi saM. 1641 vRtti kamala saMyama || 1554 dIpikA udayasAgara // 1546 laghuvRtti kharatarataporatnavAcaka // 1550 vRtti kIrtivallabha // 1552 vRtti vinayahaMsa // 1567-81 TIkA ajitadevasUri // 1628 dIpikA harSakula 16vIM zatAbdI avacUri ajitadevasUri TIkA-dIpikA mANikyazekhara sUri dIpikA lakSmIvallabha 18 vIM zatAbdI vRtti-TIkA harSanandana vi.saM. 1711 vRtti zAntibhadrAcArya TIkA municandra sUri avacUri jJAnazIlagaNI avacUri vi. saM. 1491 bAlAvabodha samaracandra bAlAvabodha kamalalAbha 16vIM zatAbdI bAlAvabodha mAnavijaya vi. saM. 1741 inake atirikta bhI kucha vRtti-TIkAeM, dIpikAeM, avacUriyAM upalabdha haiN| kisI meM kartA kA to kisI meM racanAkAla kA ullekha nahIM hai| ve haiM makaranda TIkA vi. saM. 1750 dIpikA vi. saM. 1637 2010_03

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vRtti-dIpikA dIpikA vi. saM. 1643 vRtti akSarArtha lavaleza TabbA Adicandra yA rAyacandra TabbA pArzvacandra, dharmasiMha 18vIM zatAbdI vRtti matikIrti ke ziSya bhASA padyasAra brahma RSi vi. saM. 1599 zrImajjayAcArya (vi. saM.1860-1938) ne uttarAdhyayana ke 29 adhyayanoM para rAjasthAnI bhASA meM padya-baddha 'jor3a' kI racanA kii| spaSTIkaraNa ke lie yatra-tatra vArtika bhI likhe / uttarAdhyayana ke aMgrejI, gujarAtI, hindI bhASA meM anuvAda bhI prakAzita hae haiN| jarmana vidvAna DaoN. haramana jaikobI dvArA uttarAdhyayana kA aMgrejI anuvAda san 1895 meM oNksaphorDa se prakAzita huaa| aMgrejI prastAvanA ke sAtha uttarAdhyayana jArja zApenTiyara uppazAlA ne san 1922 meM prakAzita kiyaa| san 1938 meM gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela ne gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda prakAzita kiyaa| san 1952 meM gujarAta vidyAsabhA-ahamadAbAda se gujarAtI anuvAda TippaNoM ke sAtha aThAraha adhyayana prakAzita hue| vIra saMvat 2446 meM AcArya amolakaRSijI ne hindI anuvAda sahita uttarAdhyayana kA saMskaraNa nikaalaa| san 1939 se 1942 taka zrI AtmArAmajI ne jainazAstramAlA kAryAlaya lAhaura se uttarAdhyayana para hindI meM vistRta vivecana prakAzita kiyaa| pUjya ghAsIlAlajI kI uttarAdhyayana para saMskRta TIkA hindI, gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha jainazAstroddhAra samiti-rAjakoTa se prakAzita huI (uttarAdhyayana saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni, pR. 94) / __ vAcanA pramukha AcArya zrI tulasI ke nirdezana meM saMpAdaka-vivecaka AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA 'uttarajjhayaNANi' ke do bhAga, mUlapATha, saMskRta chAyA va saTippaNa hindI anuvAda tathA 'uttarAdhyayana eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' bhI jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna dvArA prakAzita hai| yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni kA mUla-anuvAda-vivecana-TippaNa sahita uttarAdhyayana sUtra ___ 2010_03

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AgamaprakAzana samiti byAvara se prakAzita hai| isa prakAra aura bhI kaI jagaha se hindI,gujarAtI anuvAda prakAzita hai| __ muni mAMgIlAla mukula kA uttarAdhyayana hindI padyAnuvAda bhI jaina vizvabhAratI dvArA prakAzita hai| DaoN sudarzana lAla jaina kA 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra eka parizIlana' vArANasI se prakAzita hai| isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana para vipula vyAkhyAsAhitya likhA gayA va hindI, gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM meM anuvAda bhI prakAzita hue| pratibhAmarti paM. muni zrIsantabAlajI ne 'jaina dRSTie gItA' nAmaka grantha meM uttarAdhyayana kI tulanA bhAgavata gItA se kii| kucha vidvAnoM ne uttarAdhyayana kI tulanA 'dhammapada' ke sAtha kii| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra, yu. madhukara muni pR. 95) kRtakAryo ke avalokana se jJAta huA ki vizleSaNAtmaka kArya kama huA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM jIvana ke jo satata spandanazIla kaNa vidyamAna haiM, unhe eka sUtra meM pirokara vyavasthita rUpa dene ke lie eka bar3e vidvAna kI aura isase bhI bar3e eka kalAkAra kI AvazyakatA hai| kAvyabhASA ke aneka mahattvapUrNa tattvoM kA sparza abhI avazeSa haiN| yahAM zailIvijJAna kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana ke kAvyatattvoM ko ubhArane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana eka athAha sAgara hai aura merI zakti eka tumbI ke samAna hai| ataH merA yaha prayAsa kitanA sArthaka ho sakA hai, isakA nirNaya to kSIra-nIra vivekI samIkSaka hI kara skegeN| maiMne to kevala apanI zakti aura sAmarthya ke anusAra viSaya ko prastuta karane kA vinamra prayAsa kiyA hai| carAcara sRSTi meM sabakA jIvana sApekSa haiN| sApekSa jIvanazailI ke mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai sahayoga, udAra vaicArika dRSTikoNa aadi| isa kArya ke lie jinase, jahAM se bhI sahAyatA milI unake prati bhItara meM atyanta ahobhAva hai, zabda pUrNatayA usakI abhivyakti meM samartha nhiiN| phira bhI sarvaprathama natamastaka hUM isa grantha ke prati, jisameM avagAhana kara mujhe bahuta kucha pAne kA suavasara milaa| zraddhApraNata hUM paramArAdhya Agama anusaMdhAyaka gurUdeva zrI tulasI ke prati, jinake vizada vyaktitva evaM kartRtva kI chAyA meM mujhe jIvana aura jIvana kI kalA ko samajhane kA avasara milaa| 2010_03

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antardRSTi ke purodhA, niHspRha yogI, zrutaparamparA ke saMvAhaka, yugapurUSa AcArya zrI mahAprajJajI isa zodhagraMtha kI niSpati meM mUla AdhAra bane haiN| unake sArasvata avadAna 'AgamasaMpAdana' ke kArya ne samaya samaya para gutthiyoM ko sulajhAyA hai| vANI ke alpa prayoga meM hI bahuta kucha dene kI kSamatA dhAraNa karane vAle yuvAcArya zrI mahAzramaNajI kA AzIrvAda kArya ko satata gati pradAna karatA rhaa| mahAzramaNI sAdhvIpramukhA kanakaprabhAjI kI sAnugrahadRSTi evaM snehasikta vANI isa prabandha kI nirvighna saMpUrti meM kAryakara rhii| zrutopAsanA meM saMlagna ina yugapurUSoM se yahI kAmanA hai tvadAsyalAsinI netre, tvadupAsti karau karau / tvad guNa zrotriNI zrotre, bhUyAstAM sarvadA mama / / samaNI niyojikAjI, sAdhvI kaMcana rekhAjI, sAdhvI prabhAzrIjI, sAdhvI anekAntaprabhAjI, DaoN. sAdhvI zrutayazAjI, DaoN. samaNI satyaprajJAjI kI nizchala va niSkAma udAratA niraMtara preraNA detI rhii| jina mahApurUSoM, vidvAnoM, vyAkhyAkAroM kA isa kArya kI paripUrNatA meM yoga rahA unake prati praNata huuN| jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna kI mAnanIyA kulapati mahodayA sudhAmahI raghunAthana kA yatheSTa sahayoga milatA rhaa| prAkRta bhASA evaM sAhitya vibhAga ke rIDara DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya kA kuzala nirdezana, mArgadarzana, sujhAva va zrama isa prabandha kA merUdaNDa hai| paMDita vizvanAtha mizrA, DaoN. baccharAja dugar3a ke zrama, samaya evaM sujhAvoM ne bhI ise nikhArane meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaaii| mere zabdoM ko pustaka AkAra meM DhAlane kA zreya maisarsa yUnivarsala grAphiksa, lADanUM ko tathA tatparatA se pustaka rUpa meM lAne kA zreya zrImAn narendrajI chAjer3a (maMtrI, jaivibhA) ko jAtA praNata hUM una sabhI sahayogiyoM, sahayogI granthoM ke prati jinakA pratyakSa-parokSa sahayoga mujhe milA hai, mila rahA hai aura milatA rhegaa| 'ziva saMkalpamastu me manaH' ke sAtha sabake prati zubha bhaavnaa| vinayAvanata samaNI amitaprajJA 2010_03

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2010_03

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anukrama 1-24 prathama adhyAya uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM zailIvijJAnaH eka paricaya Agama aura uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayanaH racanAkAla evaM kartRtva uttarAdhyayana kA paricaya zailIvijJAna zailIvijJAnaH svarUpa zailIH pAzcAtya-mata zailIH bhAratIya-mata uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna vaiziSTya niSkarSa dvitIya adhyAya 25.80 uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare pratIkaH svarUpa-vizleSaNa pratIka-vargIkaraNa uttarAdhyayana ke pratIka bimba bAhya-indriya-grAhya bimba antaHkaraNendriya-grAhya bimba (bhAvabimba, prajJAbimba) sUktiH svarUpa-vivecana sUkti kA pravartana kyoM? Agama aura sUkti sUkti vibhAjana (paryAvaraNa, arthazAstra, jIvana kA satya, vyaktitva-vikAsa, sAdhanA kI ora, jaina siddhAnta) muhAvare 2010_03

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tRtIya adhyAya 81-127 uttarAdhyayana me vakrokti vakrokti kA svarUpa kAvyazAstrIya AcAryo kI dRSTi meM vakrokti vakrokti ke bheda-prabheda 1. varNavinyAsa-vakratA, 2. pada-pUrvArdha-vakratA-rUDhivaicitryavakratA, paryAyavakratA, upacAra vakratA, vizeSaNa-vakratA, saMvRtti-vakratA, vRtti-vakratA, liMgavai citrya-vakratA- kriyAvaicitrya-vakratA, 3. pada-parArdha-vakratA, kAlavaicitrya-vakratA, kAraka-vakratA, vacana vakratA, upagraha-vakratA,pratyaya-vakratA, upasarga-vakratA, nipAta vakratA, 4. vAkya-vakratA, 5. prakaraNa-vakratA, 6. prabandha-vakratA 128-186 caturtha adhyAya uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra rasa, rasotpatti, rasa-sAmagrI, rasa-siddhAnta kA mahattva, Agama meM rasa viSayaka avadhAraNA, uttarAdhyayana meM rasa-sAmagrI, chaMda kA svarUpa, uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta chaMda, mAtrika, varNika alaMkAra alaMkAra : artha evaM svarUpa, alaMkAra kA mahattva, uttarAdhyayana meM alaMkAra, paMcama adhyAya uttarAdhyayana meM caritra sthApatya caritra-upasthApana kA vaiziSTya, uttarAdhyayana meM pramukha pAtroM kA caritra citraNa 187-200 2010_03

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SaSTha adhyAya 201-231 uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA bhASAvijJAna 1. dhvanivijJAna svara, uttarAdhyayana ke pariprekSya meM svara-parivartana, vyaMjana, saMyukta vyaMjana, asaMyukta vyaMjana, samIkaraNa, viSamIkaraNa, Agama, lopa, mahAprANIkaraNa, ghoSIkaraNa, aghoSIkaraNa, USmIkaraNa, tAlavyIkaraNa, mUrdhanyIkaraNa, dantyIkaraNa, oSThyIkaraNa svarAghAta padavijJAna nAma, AkhyAta upasarga, nipAta, tatsama, tadbhava, dezya, vAkyavijJAna racanAmUlaka vAkya, arthamUlaka vAkya, kriyAmUlaka vAkya arthavijJAna arthavistAra, arthasaMkoca, athadiza, arthotkarSa, arthApakarSa 232-240 saptama adhyAya nikaSa prayukta graMtha-sUcI 241-256 2010_03

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2010_03

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1. uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya bhAratIya sAhitya kI anamola virAsata jainAgama haiN| jainAgama jainadharma, darzana, sAhitya aura saMskRti ke mUla AdhAra haiN| inameM nirUpita yathArtha tattva, AdhyAtmika, naitika evaM vaijJAnika cintana jIvana kI samagra dizAoM ko udghATita karate haiN| AgamoM ke puraskartA ne pahale svayaM kaThora sAdhanA kara satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA tathA svarNa kI taraha nikharakara jo ananta aizvarya prApta kiyA use 'savvajagajIvarakkhaNadayaTThAe pAvayaNaM bhagavayA sukahiyaM - sabhI jIvoM ke prati mahAkaruNAbhAva se unake upakAra hetu khaa| Agama aura uttarAdhyayana Agama kyA hai? 'AptavacanAdAvirbhUtamarthasaMvedanamAgamaH' Apta vacana se utpanna artha-jJAna Agama hai| Apta puruSoM ke anubhUtigata satya kI zAbdika abhivyakti Agama hai| Apta kauna? 'yathArthavid yathArthavAdI cAptaH' yathArtha jAnane vAlA aura yathArtha kahane vAlA Apta hai tathA vahI Apta-vacana Agama hai| Agama ke lie sUtra, grantha, siddhAMta, zAsana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApana, Agama Adi aneka zabda prApta hote haiN| jainAgamoM kA prAcInatama vargIkaraNa pUrva(14) aura aMga (12)6 ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| Agama-saMkalanakAlIna dUsare vargIkaraNa meM AgamoM ko aMga-praviSTa aura aMga-bAhya-ina do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| sabase uttaravartI vargIkaraNa ke anusAra Agama aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda-ina cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhakta huaa| Agama sAhitya meM dvAdazAMga kA ullekha sUyagaDo (2/135), ThANaM (10/103), bhagavaI (16/91, 20/75, 25/96), uvAsagadasAo (2/46, 6/29) Adi meM bhI milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya 2010_03

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uttarAdhyayana aMga-bAhya Agama hai tathA yaha mUla sUtra ke aMtargata parigaNita hotA hai| uttarajjhayaNANi kI bhUmikA meM AcArya zrI tulasI ne likhA hai-dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana muni kI jIvana-caryA ke prAraMbha meM mUlabhUta sahAyaka banate haiM tathA AgamoM kA adhyayana inhIM ke paThana se prAraMbha hotA hai| isIlie inheM 'mUlasUtra' kI mAnyatA milI, aisA pratIta hotA hai| DaoN. zubiMga kA abhimata bhI yahI hai| muni ke mUla guNoM-mahAvrata, samiti Adi kA nirUpaNa hone se bhI inheM 'mUlasUtra' kI saMjJA dI gii| uttarAdhyayana : racanAkAla evaM kartRtva uttarAdhyayana kA racanAkAla evaM kartRtva para 'uttarajjhayaNANi bhAga2' meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne zodha evaM samIkSAtmaka vivecana kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana kA kartA kauna hai? isa prazna para niyuktikAra kA kathana hai ki uttarAdhyayana eka-kartRka nahIM hai| kartRtva kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayana cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM - 1. aMgaprabhava-dUsarA adhyayana 2. jina-bhASita-dasavAM adhyayana 3. pratyekabuddha-bhASita-AThavAM adhyayana 4. saMvAda samutthita-navAM, teIsavAM adhyayana uttarAdhyayana kI mUlaracanA se usake kartRtva para kucha prakAza par3atA hai dUsare adhyayana kA prAraMbhika vAkya hai-suyaM me AusaM! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM-iha khalu bAvIsaM parIsahA samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM kAsaveNaM paveiyA / solahaveM adhyayana kI zurUAta meM kahA hai-suyaM me AusaM! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM-iha khalu therehiM bhagavaMtehiM dasa baMbhacerasamAhiThANA pnnnnttaa| unatIsaveM adhyayana ke prAraMbha meM kahA hai-suyaM me AusaM! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM - iha khalu sammattaparakkame nAma ajjhayaNe samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM kAsaveNaM pveie| - isase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki dUsarA evaM unatIsavAM adhyayana mahAvIra dvArA (jinabhASita) va solahavAM adhyayana sthavira dvArA viracita haiN| uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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niyukti meM dUsare adhyayana ko pUrva se nirmUr3ha mAnA hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki yaha jinabhASita hai| niyuktikAra ke cAra bhAgoM se kartRtva para nahIM, viSaya-vastu para prakAza par3atA hai| dasaveM adhyayana kI viSaya-vastu mahAvIra-kathita hai| para buddhassa nisamma bhAsiyaM' se spaSTa hai ki karttA dUsarA koI hai| dUsare, chaThe, unatIsaveM adhyayana se bhI yahI tathya prakaTa hotA hai| ii esa dhamme akkhAe kavileNaM ca visuddhapanneNaM| tarihiMti je u kAhiMti tehiM ArAhiyA duve log|| 8/20 isase spaSTa hotA hai yaha adhyayana pratyeka-buddha viracita nahIM hai| navAM, teIsavAM adhyayana bhI nami-kezigautama dvArA viracita nahIM haiN| isakA patA unake aMtima zlokoM se calatA hai| isa prakAra niyuktikAra ke cAra vargoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki mahAvIra, kapila, nami aura kezigautama-inakI upadeza gAthAoM, saMvAdoM ko AdhAra mAnakara ye adhyayana race gae haiN| kaba, kisake dvArA race gae-isakA niyukti meM uttara nahIM hai| dUsare kisI sAdhana se bhI uttarAdhyayana ke kartA kA nAma jJAta nahIM huA hai| racanAkAla kI mImAMsA se itanA patA calatA hai ki ye adhyayana vibhinna yugoM meM aneka RSiyoM dvArA udgIta haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM I. pU. 600 se I. san 400 taka kI dhArmika va dArzanika dhArA kA pratinidhitva huA hai| inakA kucha aMza mahAvIra se pahale kA bhI ho sakatA hai| cUrNi meM saMketa bhI hai ki chaThA adhyayana bhagavAna pArzva dvArA upadiSTa hai| devarddhigaNI ne AgamoM kA saMkalana vIra-nirvANa kI dasavIM zatAbdI meM kiyaa| uttarAdhyayana ke AkAra-prakAra, viSayavastu meM vistAra kiyA yA nahIM, isakA ullekha nahIM milatA para isa niSedha kA bhI koI kAraNa nahIM hai| isalie uttarAdhyayana ko hama eka sahasrAbdI kI vicAradhArA kA pratinidhi sUtra kaha sakate haiN| vartamAna saMkalana ke AdhAra para uttarAdhyayana ke saMkalanakartA devarddhigaNi pratIta hote haiN| prAraMbhika saMkalana aura devarddhigaNi kAlIna saMkalana meM adhyayanoM kI saMkhyA va viSayavastu meM paryApta aMtara hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya ___ 2010_03

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viSayavastu kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayana cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hote haiM 1. dharmakathAtmaka - 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25 aura 27 upadezAtmaka - 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 aura 10 2. 3. 8. kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke prathama 18 adhyayana prAcIna haiM aura uttaravartI 18 adhyayana arvAcIna haiN| isake lie koI puSTa sAkSya nahIM hai para yaha nizcita hai ki kaI adhyayana bahuta prAcIna haiM aura kaI arvAcIna AcArAtmaka-2, 11, 15, 16, 17, 24, 26, 32 aura 35 saiddhAntika - 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34 aura 36 ina sabhI tathyoM se niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yaha saMkalana sUtra hai, eka kartRka nhiiN| uttarAdhyayana kA paricaya ?? AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| digambara Agama meM bhI aMga - -bAhya ke caudaha prakAroM meM AThavAM bheda uttarAdhyayana hai|' uttarAdhyayana do zabdoM kA sammilita rUpa haiM- uttara aura adhyyn| niryuktikAra ke anusAra prastuta adhyayana AcArAMga ke uttarakAla meM par3he jAte the, isalie unheM 'uttara adhyayana' kahA gyaa| 12 zrutakevalI zayyaMbhava ke pazcAta ye adhyayana dazavaikAlika ke uttarakAla meM par3he jAne lge| ataH ye 'uttara adhyayana' hI bane rhe| 13 14 samavAyAMga meM 'chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNA' - chattIsa uttara adhyayana pratipAdita hue haiN| (samavAo, samavAya 36) naMdI meM bhI 'uttarajjhayaNAI' yaha bahuvacanAtmaka nAma hai| (naMdI, sUtra 78 ) uttarAdhyayana ke aMtima adhyayana ke aMtima zloka meM 'chattIsaM uttarajjhAe' aisA bahuvacanAtmaka nAma hai| niyuktikAra aura cUrNikAra" ne bhI bahuvacanAtmaka prayoga kiyA hai| isase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana vividha adhyayanoM kA yoga mAtra hai, eka - kartRka grantha nhiiN| . 15 uttarAdhyayana ArSa kAvya hai| vinTaranitsa, kAnajIbhAI paTela Adi ne uttarAdhyayana kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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uttarAdhyayana ko zramaNa kAvya kahA hai| dharmopadeza aura AdhyAtmikatA kI pradhAnatA hote hue bhI yaha kRti kAvya kaise hai? isakA vivecana Avazyaka hai| ___kAvyazAstra kI vyutpatti 'kavi' zabda se hotI hai| 'ku' varNane dhAtu se kavi zabda niSpanna hotA hai| kavi apane vaiziSTya evaM mahattva ke lie hamezA samAdRta hotA rahA hai| prAcInatama grantha Rgveda meM kavi zabda kA prayoga AtmadraSTA yA krAntadraSTA ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai kaviM zazAsuH kavayo'dabdhA nidhArayanto du-svaayoH| atastvaM dRzyA~ agna etAn pabhiH pazyeradbhutAM arya evH||18 agnipurANa kavi kI prazasti meM kahatA hai - apAre kAvyasaMsAre kavireva prjaaptiH| yathAsmai rocate vizvaM tathedaM privrtte|| bhavabhUti ne kaviyoM kI vaMdanA karate hue kahA - idaM kavibhyaH pUrvebhyaH namovAkaM prshaasmhe| vindema devatAM vAcamamRtAmAtmanaH klaam|| ukta prakAra se prazaMsita kavi-karma ko kAvya kahA jAtA hai| kAvya kI paribhASA karate hue kahA gayA- 'ramaNIyArthapratipAdakaH zabdaH kaavym| kAvyajagata kI inhIM vizeSatAoM ko apane meM sameTe hue hone ke kAraNa vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM uttarAdhyayana zramaNa-kAvya hai| uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsa adhyayana haiN| 1638 zloka tathA 89 sUtra haiN| inameM sAdhu ke AcAra-vicAra evaM tattvajJAna kA sahaja evaM sarala zailI meM varNana hai| uttarAdhyayana ke vartamAna adhyayanoM ke jo nAma samavAyAMga va uttarAdhyayana niyukti meM milate haiM, unameM kucha aMtara bhI hai| adhyayanoM kA saMkSipta paricaya 1. viNayasuyaM isa adhyayana kI 48 gAthAoM meM vinaya kA sarvAMgINa vivecana hai| vinIta evaM avinIta ziSyoM ke guNa-doSa ke varNana saha guru-ziSya kA Apasa meM sambandha kaisA honA cAhie-isakA nidarzana bhI isa adhyayana meM prApta hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya 2010_03

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sUtrakAra ne vinIta ko vaha sthAna diyA hai, jo hara kisI ko sahaja prApta nahIM hai- 'havaI kiccANaM saraNaM, bhUyANaM jagaI jhaa|' (uttara. 1/45) jaise pRthvI prANiyoM ke lie AdhAra hai vaise hI vinIta ziSya dharmAcaraNa karane vAloM ke lie AdhAra hotA hai| 2. parISaha pavibhattI saMyamI jIvana meM prApta hone vAle 22 parISahoM ko sahana karane kA nirdeza isameM haiN| sahana karane ke prayojana (svIkRta mArga se cyuta na hone evaM nirjarA) ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue sAdhaka parISahakAla meM dRr3hatApUrvaka Atmacintana karatA hai| 3. cAuraMgijjaM jIvana meM cAra aMgoM kI durlabhatA kA pratipAdana isa adhyayana meM huA hai| ve cAra tattva haiM-manuSyatA, dharmazruti, zraddhA aura saMyama meM praakrm| 4. asaMkhayaM apramattatA isa adhyayana kA pratipAdya viSaya hai| jIvana kA saMdhAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, prANa chUTane ke bAda jor3A nahIM jA sktaa| ataH vyakti ko pramAda nahIM karanA caahie| yaha adhyayana bhAraNDapakSI kI taraha apramatta rahane kA upadeza detA hai| karmoM kA phala nahIM hai-isa prakAra kI mithyA mAnyatAoM kA nirasana bhI isameM huA hai| 5. akAmamaraNijjaM niyukti meM isakA nAma 'maraNavibhakti' milatA hai| mRtyu bhI eka kalA hai| vivekI puruSoM kA maraNa sakAmamaraNa hai| ajJAniyoM kA maraNa akAmamaraNa hai| aMtima avasthA ke prati vyakti kisa rUpa meM jAgarUka rahe isakA pathadarzana isa adhyayana meM milatA hai| 6. khuDDAganiyaMThijja isameM muni ke bAhya aura Abhyantara granthi tyAga kA saMkSipta nirUpaNa hai| saMsAra meM duHkha kauna paidA karatA hai? isa prazna ko samAhita karate hue kahA-jitane bhI avidyAvAna puruSa haiM, ve duHkha utpanna karane vAle haiN| ataH vidyA aura AcaraNa kI samanviti kA saMdeza yaha adhyayana detA hai| uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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7. uranbhijja urabhra (bakarA) ke dRSTAnta ke AdhAra para isa adhyayana kA nAmakaraNa 'urabbhija' huA hai| isameM dRSTAnta zailI se gahana tattva kI abhivyakti isakA mukhya pratipAdya urabhra ke dRSTAnta se bhogoM ke kaTu-phala kA nidarzana hai| zrAmaNya kA AdhAra anAsakti hai| jo rasoM meM Asakta hotA hai vaha duHkha se mukta kabhI nahIM ho sktaa| jo anAsakta hai vaha viSayoM ko apane vaza meM kara duHkhoM se mukti prApta kara sakatA hai| isI adhyayana meM kAkiNI aura Amraphala ke dRSTAnta se mohavaza choTe sukha ke lie bar3e sukhoM se vaMcita raha jAne kI mAnasikatA kI ora iMgita kiyA hai| Atmika sukha mahAna hai, padArtha sukha tuccha hai| alpa ke lie bahuta kI hAni na kareM-yahI isakA saMdeza hai| 8. kAvilIyaM isa adhyayana ke prarUpaka kapilaRSi ne bIsa gAthAoM meM lAbha aura lobha kI paraMparA-cakra kA sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| isa adhyayana kA mukhya pratipAdya hai-usa satya kI zodha, jisase durgati kA anta ho jaae| 9. namipavvajjA rAjya-dharma ke pratipakSa meM Atma-dharma ke tattvoM kI prastuti isakA mukhya lakSya hai| isameM saMyama ke lie tatpara rAjarSi nami evaM brAhmaNaveSadhArI indra kA saMvAda-zailI meM sundara citraNa hai| indra mAnasika antardvandvoM ko upasthita karate haiM tathA rAjarSi unakA samAdhAna dete haiN| dRr3ha saMkalpa ke mahattva ko bhI isa adhyayana meM ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| 10. dumapattayaM mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara gautama kI vicikitsA kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie isa adhyayana kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yaha adhyayana jIvana kI kSaNikatA, manuSyabhava kI durlabhatA, zarIra va indriya-bala kI uttarottara kSINatA, sneha dUra karane kI prakriyA tathA bhogoM kA punaH svIkAra na karane kI preraNA Adi kA nidarzana karAtA hai| isameM gautama ko sambodhita kara pratikSaNa apramatta rahane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya 2010_03

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11. bahussuyapUyA prastuta adhyayana ke prAraMbha meM vinIta-avinIta kI kasauTI kA nirUpaNa kara phira bahuzruta kI bhAvapUjA kA varNana hai| isa adhyayana ke AdhAra para bahuzrutatA kA pramukha kAraNa vinaya hai aura bahuzruta kA mukhya artha caturdazapUrvI hai| 12. hariesijjaM isa adhyayana meM cANDAla-kula meM utpanna muni harikezI ke udAtta caritra kA varNana huA hai| isameM muni aura brAhmaNoM ke bIca haI vArtA ke mAdhyama se brAhmaNa-dharma aura nirgrantha-pravacana kA sAra, karmaNA jAtivAda kI sthApanA, tapa kA prakarSa tathA ahiMsaka yajJa kI zreSThatA kA bhI pratipAdana huA hai| 13. cittasaMbhUijjaM citta aura saMbhUta nAmaka do bhAiyoM ke sukha-duHkha ke phalavipAka kI carcA kA isa adhyayana meM pratipAdana hai| donoM kI chaH janmoM kI pUrvakathA kA saMketa bhI hai| nidAna ke kAraNa bhogAsakta saMbhUta ke jIva kA patana va saMyama meM rata citta muni kA utthAna batAkara prANiyoM ko dharma kI ora abhimukha hone kA tathA nidAna nahIM karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| 14. usuyArijnaM isa adhyayana kA pradhAna pAtra bhRgu-purohita kA parivAra hai| lokaparaMparA meM rAjA kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa isakA nAma 'iSukArIya' rakhA gayA hai| isameM donoM purohita kumAra, purohita, usakI patnI yazA, iSukAra rAjA va rAnI kamalAvatI-ina chahoM vyaktiyoM ke abhiniSkramaNa kI carcA hai| isa adhyayana se brAhmaNa-saMskRti tathA zramaNa-saMskRti kI maulika mAnyatAeM bhI spaSTa hotI haiN| isakA pratipAdya anyatva bhAvanA kA upadeza hai| 15. sabhikkhuyaM isameM bhikSu ke guNoM kA varNana haiN| sAtha hI dArzanika tathA sAmAjika tathyoM kA saMkalana bhI hai| usa samaya kucha zramaNa aura brAhmaNa maMtra cikitsA, vidyAoM ke prayoga AjIvikA Adi calAne meM karate the| isa adhyayana meM jaina zramaNa ke lie aisA karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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16. baMbhacerasamAhiThANaM isa adhyayana meM brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie dasa brahmacaryasamAdhisthAnoMzayana-Asana, kAmakathA, cakSugRddhi Adi kA manovaijJAnika DhaMga se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 17. pAvasamaNijnaM isakI 21 gAthAeM pApazramaNa (jJAna Adi AcAroM kA samyak pAlana na karane vAlA) kauna hotA hai?-isakA mArmika citraNa prastuta karatI hai| 18. saMjaijja ___ isameM kAMpilya nagara ke rAjA saMjaya kI dIkSA kA varNana hai| prasaMgavaza bharata, sagara Adi cakravartI tathA dazArNabhadra, vijaya Adi narezvaroM kI pravrajyA kA bhI ullekha hai| bhaugolika dRSTi se dazArNa, kaliMga, pAMcAla Adi dezoM kA nAmollekha bhI huA hai| 19. miyAputtinaM jAti-smRti jJAna ke mAdhyama se pUrva-janma kI ghaTanAoM kA pratyakSa kara mRgAputra bhogoM ko chor3a pravrajyA ke lie mAtA-pitA se anujJA mAMgatA hai| mAtA-pitA zrAmaNya kI kaThoratA kA pratipAdana karate haiM jabaki mRgAputra sAdhu ke AcAra ke pratipAdana ke sAtha pUrva meM bhogI nArakIya vedanAoM kA varNana karatA hai| aMta meM anujJA prApta kara saMyama grahaNa karake mRgAputra siddha, buddha, mukta hotA hai| 20. mahAniyaMThijnaM mahAnirgrantha kA artha hai-sarvavirata saadhu| isameM sarvavirata sAdhu anAthI tathA magadha samrAT zreNika ke bIca nAtha-anAtha ko lekara hue rocaka saMvAda kA varNana hai| 21. samuddapAlIyaM isa adhyayana meM AtmAnuzAsana ke upAyoM ke sAtha-sAtha samudrayAtrA kA ullekha hai| 'acche karmoM kA phala acchA hotA hai aura bure karmoM kA phala burA'-isa ciMtana se samudrapAla kI dRSTi spaSTa ho jAtI hai, vaha dIkSita ho jAtA hai| isa adhyayana meM prayukta 'vajjhamaMDaNasobhAga' zabda usa samaya ke uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya ___ 2010_03

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daNDavidhAna kI ora saMketa karatA hai| tatkAlIna rAjya-vyavasthA kA ullekha bhI isa adhyayana meM huA hai| 22. rahanemijjaM yaduvaMzI ariSTanemi, zrIkRSNa, rAjImatI, rathanemI kA caritra-citraNa isameM huA hai| pathacyuta rathanemI kA rAjImatI caraNa-sthirIkaraNa karatI hai| isameM Ae hue bhoja, andhaka aura vRSNi zabda prAcIna kuloM ke dyotaka haiN| 23. kesigoyamijjaM isameM pApityIya kezI aura mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama ke bIca eka hI dharma meM sacela-acela, cAturyAma-paMcayAma Adi paraspara viparIta dharma ke viSaya bheda ko lekara saMvAda hotA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki mahAvIra ne kaise apane saMgha meM pariSkAra, parivarddhana aura samvarddhana kiyA thaa| Atmavijaya aura manonuzAsana ke upAyoM kA bhI acchA citraNa hai| 24. pavayaNa-mAyA isameM batAyA gayA hai ki pravacana-mAtAoM ke pAlana meM vizuddhatA se hI zrAmaNya kA zuddha pAlana saMbhava hai| sampUrNa sAdhu jIvana kA AdhAra yaha adhyayana hai| mAtA jaise putra ko sanmArga para calane kI preraNA detI hai, vaise hI pravacanamAtA sAdhaka ko samyak vidhi se sAdhanApatha para calane kI preraNA detI hai| 25. jannaijja vAstavika yajJa bhAvayajJa (tapa aura saMyama meM yatanA) tathA saccA brAhmaNa brahmacarya kA pAlana karane vAlA hotA hai-isakA pratipAdana isa adhyayana meM huA hai| prasaMgAnukUla isameM brAhmaNa ke mukhya guNoM kA ullekha hai| 26. sAmAyArI sAmAcArI kA artha hai-muni kA aacaar-vyvhaar| isameM sAdhaka kA sAdhanA krama varNita hai| AvazyakI, naiSedhikI, ApRcchA Adi sAmAcArI ke sAtha prastuta adhyayana meM anyAnya kartavyoM kA nirdeza bhI huA hai| 27. khaluMkijjaM ___ isameM avinIta ziSya kI tulanA duSTa baila se kI gaI hai aura usake mAdhyama se avinIta kI uddaNDatA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| 10 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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28. mokkhamamgagaI prastuta adhyayana meM mokSamArga ke sAdhanabhUta jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa-isa caturaMga mArga kA nirUpaNa hai| 29. sammattaparakkame isameM saMvega se jIva kyA prApta karatA hai, dharma-zraddhA se jIva kyA prApta karatA hai-isa prakAra 71 praznottaroM meM jaina sAdhanA-paddhati kA sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| 30. tavamaggagaI tapasyA mokSa kA mArga hai, usase tapasvI kI mokSa kI ora gati hotI hai-yaha isa adhyayana kA pratipAdya hai| 31. caraNavihI ___isameM muni kI caraNavidhi kA nirUpaNa huA hai| caraNa kA prAraMbha yatanA se va anta pUrNa nivRtti meM hotA hai| nivRtti se jo pravRtti phalita hotI hai, vahI samyak pravRtti caraNa-vidhi hai| 32. pamAyaTThANaM pramAda ke kAraNa tathA nivAraNa ke upAyoM kA pratipAdana isameM kiyA gayA hai| pramAda sAdhanA kA vighna hai| ataH sAdhaka ko pratikSaNa apramatta, jAgarUka rahanA caahie| 33. kammapayaDI isameM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya Adi karmaprakRtiyoM kA nirUpaNa hone se isakA nAma 'kammapayaDI' hai| 34. lesajjhayaNaM yaha adhyayana isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki jaisI hamArI lezyA hai, vaisI hI mAnasika pariNati hotI hai| kaSAya kI maMdatA se adhyavasAya kI zuddhi evaM adhyavasAya kI zuddhi se lezyA kI zuddhi hotI hai| 35. aNagAramagNagaI isakA pratipAdya saMga (Asakti)-vijJAna hai| asaMga kA mukhya hetu deha-vyutsarga anagAra kA mArga hai aura yaha duHkhamukti ke lie hai| kyoMki anagAra duHkha ke mUla ko naSTa karane kA mArga cunatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya 2010_03

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36. jIvAjIvavibhattI isameM mUla tattva jIva aura ajIva ke vibhAgoM kA nirUpaNa hai| aneka varSoM taka zrAmaNya kA pAlana karane ke bAda kramika prayatna se saMlekhanA kA bhI isameM varNana hai| 268 vIM gAthA (antima gAthA) meM uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayanoM kI saMkhyA chattIsa batAI hai tathA yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isakA prajJApana kiyA hai| isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana ke 36 adhyayana apanI viziSTa zailIsaMyojanA dvArA mukhya rUpa se saMsAra kI asAratA, zramaNAcAra, dArzanika siddhAnta, tattvajJAna Adi kA nidarzana karAte haiN| uttarAdhyayana yadyapi dharmakathAnuyoga meM parigaNita hai para AcAra ke pratipAdana se caraNAnuyoga va dArzanika siddhAMta ke pratipAdana se dravyAnuyoga kA bhI isameM mizraNa ho gayA zailIvijJAna zailIgata adhyayana vartamAna yuga meM sAhitya kI sarvamAnya vizeSatA bana gayA hai| yaha sAhitya kI bhASA se prAraMbha hotA hai aura bhASA vaijJAnika pravidhiyoM kA pUrA upayoga karate hue vizleSaNa kI sabhI dizAoM kA sparza karatA hai| bhASAvijJAna kI sahAyatA se racanA kI satyatA taka yathArtha tarIke se pahuMcatA hai| zailIvijJAna : svarUpa zailIvijJAna kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai-vaha vijJAna jo zailI kA adhyayana kre|22 isake AdhAra para zailIvijJAna ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA-zailI ke vaijJAnika adhyayana ko zailIvijJAna kahate haiN|4 DaoN. nagendra zailIvijJAna ko 'bhASAgata prayogoM ke vizleSaNa kI niyamasaMhitA' mAnate haiN| sAhitya kA saundarya bhASA dvArA grahaNa hotA hai-isa avadhAraNA ke sAtha zailIvijJAna sAhitya vizleSaNa meM pravRtta hotA hai| vaha sAhityika bhASA ke pratyeka prayoga kI aneka taloM para vyAkhyA kara, unase utpanna camatkAra kA pratyakSa karatA hai|5 bhASA vijJAna kevala bhASA kI prakRti ke adhyayana taka sImita hai| jabaki zailIvijJAna bhASA ke mAdhyama se kathya yA anubhUti taka pahuMcane kA vidhAna karatA hai|27 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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zailIvijJAna eka navInatama samIkSA-siddhAMta hai jisakA cintana vastuparaka hai aura dRSTi bhaassaavaadii|28 niSkarSataH kavi dvArA bhASA kI saMracanAgata evaM anubhUtigata viziSTa pravidhiyoM ke prayoga kA adhyayana hI zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana hai| kaI bAra pracalita bhASA-saMracanA-vidhiyoM ke adhyayana se uddezya kI pUrti nahIM hotI, taba zailIvijJAna khoja karatA hai-racanAkAra ne kahAM-kahAM bhASA kI sAmAnya vidhiyoM se 'vipathana' yA 'vicalana' kiyA hai| 'vicalana' arthAt sAmAnya racanA-mArga se haTakara apanI anubhUtiyoM kI abhivyakti ke lie viziSTa racanAmArga kA AzrayaNa krnaa| zailIvijJAna usameM yaha dekhatA hai ki kavi ne usa adhikAra kA upayoga kisa sImA taka kisa parimANa meM kiyA hai|29 zailIvijJAna kA pramukha tattva zailI hai| zailI kyA hai? zailI-pAzcAtya mata zailIvijJAna kA Aja hama jisa artha meM adhyayana karate haiM usakA rUpa nirdhAraNa pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne bhI kiyA hai| baphana ke anusAra vyakti kI abhivyakti ke sAtha zailI hamAre vicAroM ko vyavasthA evaM gati pradAna karane meM nihita hai|30 miDilaTana mare kA kahanA hai-zailI bhASA kA vaha guNa hai, jo lAghava se kavi ke manobhAvoM yA vicAroM athavA praNAlI kA saMvAhana karatA hai|31 zailI vyakti ke anubhUti kI sIdhI abhivyakti hai|32 kucha pAzcAtya vicArakoM kA mata hai ki zailI zabda aMgrejI ke Style zabda ke AdhAra para usake paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM gar3hA gayA hai| aMgrejI meM zailI ke lie sTAila zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| vaha sTAila zabda laiTina bhASA ke 'sTAilAsa' (Stylas) se banA hai| sTAilAsa kA artha kalama hai| prAcIna romana kAla meM lauha lekhanI se moma car3hI paTTiyoM athavA kAgaja para likhA jAtA thaa| vahI kAlAntara meM abhivyakti kA pratIka banakara likhane kI viziSTa zailI yA abhivyakti ke DhaMga ke lie prayukta hone lgaa|22 sTAila kA artha aba lakSaNa dvArA lekhaka kI zailI ho gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya 13 2010_03

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zailI : bhAratIya mata zailI ke saMdarbha meM bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa haiN| karuNApati tripAThI ke anusAra jaba koI vicAra AkarSaka, ramaNIya va prabhAvotpAdaka rIti se abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai, taba use hama sAhitya jagata meM 'zailI' kahane lagate haiN| 34 35 sItArAma caturvedI zabdoM kI kalAtmaka yojanA ko zailI kahate haiN| govinda triguNAyata ke zabdoM meM zailI manogata bhAvoM ko mUrtarUpa pradAna karane vAlA sAdhana hai| 36 37 DaoN. zyAmasundaradAsa ne zailI ko racanA kA camatkAra aura vicAroM kA paridhAna maanaa|' unakA kahanA hai ki bhAva, vicAra aura kalpanA to hamameM naisargika avasthA meM vartamAna rahatI hai tathA unheM vyakta karane kI svAbhAvika zakti bhI hamameM rahatI hai| isI zakti ko sAhitya meM zailI kahate haiN| 38 bAbU gulAbarAya ne bhAratIya aura pazcimI vicAroM kA samanvaya karake madhyamamArga se zailI ko grahaNa kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA-zailI abhivyakti ke una guNoM ko kahate haiM jinheM lekhaka yA kavi apane mana ke prabhAva ko samAna rUpa meM dUsaroM taka pahuMcAne ke lie apanAtA hai| 39 zailI eka sAdhana hai, usakA sAdhya hai vyaktigata bhAva, vicAra athavA anubhUti ko sarvagrAhya bnaanaa| 40 saMkSepa meM 'vAkyaracanA kI viziSTatA' zailI kA yaha artha zailI kI Adhunika saMkalpanA ke paryApta nikaTa pratIta hotA hai| 41 zailI zabda rIti, vRtti, pravRtti, saMghaTanA, mArga Adi aneka zabdoM kI avadhAraNAoM ko samAhita kara letA hai| abhivyakti aura zailI paryAya hai| abhivyakti kI paddhati ko bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM rIti, vRtti, mArga Adi abhidhAnoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| vAmana ke anusAra 'viziSTA padaracanA rIti: 142 zabda aura artha ke saundarya se yukta pada-racanA rIti hai| Adhunika yuga ke eka manISI Alocaka evaM bhASAvijJa ne to 'zailIvijJAna' kA nirUpaNa hI 'rItivijJAna' ke nAma se kiyA hai| 43 14 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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Anandavardhana ne rIti ko saMghaTanA khaa| yathocita ghaTanA padaracanA kA nAma saMghaTanA hai| saMghaTanA mAdhuryAdi guNoM ko Azraya karake rasoM ko abhivyakta karatI haiM, jisake niyamana kA hetu vaktA tathA vAcya kA aucitya hai| pravRtti kA sarvaprathama vivecana bharata ke nATyazAstra meM milatA hai| bharata ne nAnA dezoM ke veza, bhASA tathA AcAra kA sthApana karane vAlI vizeSatA ko pravRtti kahA hai| kAlAntara meM artha saMkoca hotA gyaa| Aja pravRtti kA prayoga sAmAnyataH kisI samudAya vizeSa kI kisI kAla vizeSa meM vyApta sAMskRtika vizeSatAoM arthAt usakI ruci, svabhAva, paramparA, khAnapAna, vezabhUSA, rahana-sahana aura anya kriyAkalApa kI viziSTatAoM ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| ataH pravRtti kA saMbaMdha eka ora deza-vizeSa se hai to dUsarI ora kAlavizeSa se hai| Anandavardhana ne rasAdi ke anukUla zabda aura artha ke ucita vyavahAra ko AdhAra mAnakara do prakAra kI vRttiyAM mAnI- artha ke vyavahArAnusAra bharata kI kaiSikAdi aura zabda ke vyavahArAnusAra udbhaTa Adi kI upanAgarikA aadi| Anandavardhana ne padasthitipradhAna racanA ke lie 'saMghaTanA' tathA varNasthiti- pradhAna racanA ke lie 'vRtti' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai|46 Adhunika zailIvijJAna apanI kRti-kendrita, bhASA AdhArita evaM vastugata samIkSA ke bala para punaH vikasita ho rahA hai| usake mAnaka haiM-1. vyAkaraNa 2. abhidhAna koSa 3. chaMda 4. alaMkAra 5. sAhitya rIti siddhAMta, kAvya ke guNa-doSa udAttatA, padaucitya aadi| prAyaH usameM uparyukta tattva bhI maujUda hai| saMkSepa meM sAhitya meM bhASAgata viziSTa prayogoM kA adhyayana zailIvijJAna hai| zailIvijJAna anyathAkRta bhASA kA adhyayana karatA hai| isI ko DiphemeliyarAijezana (vipathana) kahA jAtA hai tathA bhAratIya kAvyazAstra ke AcArya isI ko ukti vizeSa yA vakrokti kahate haiN| vakrokti ke mAdhyama se hI lokapracalita bhASA anyathAkRta ho jAtI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna kisI bhI racanA kI sArthakatA isa tathya meM nihita hai ki pratIyamAna artha kI abhivyakti kisa sAdhana aura kisa mAdhyama se ho rahI hai, vahI uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya 15 ___ 2010_03

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usakI zailI hotI hai| ve kauna sI pravidhiyAM haiM, jinake AzrayaNa se kavi kI vANI sazakta va prabhaviSNu bana jAtI hai? mUla tattva hai-abhivykti| abhivyakti kA eka aisA AyAma jo 'sAmAnya kathya' ko 'vizeSa' sampreSaNIya banA detA hai, vaha mAdhyama bhASA hai| bhASA kI viziSTatA ke lie vicalana, anya ke dharma kA anya para Aropa, upamA, rUpakAdi alaMkAra, vakrokti, pratIka, sazakta evaM sAbhiprAya padAvali kA prayoga kAmya hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna ke ina sabhI tattvoM kA racanAkAra ne bharapUra prayoga kiyA hai, jisake kAraNa vaha 'zramaNakAvya' ke abhidhAna se abhihita hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM eka ora kaMvi- hRdaya se saMbhUta zrutisukhada padoM kA prayoga parilakSita hotA hai to dUsarI ora upacAra - vakratA Adi kA utkRSTa nidarzana bhI dikhAI detA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA prAraMbha hI isase hotA hai- 'viNayaM pAukarissAmi' (1/1) prakaTa karanA mUrta kA dharma hai, vinaya amUrta hai - kaise prakaTa kareM? yahAM amUrta vinaya ko mUrta rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| 'pAukarissAmi' meM kriyAvakratA hai| yahAM eka hI udAharaNa diyA jA rahA hai| vistRta vivecana saMbaMdhita adhyAya meM kiyA jA skegaa| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, vakrokti Adi tattva zailIvijJAna ke sahacara banakara kAvyabhASA ke vizleSaNAtmaka anusaMdhAna meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiN| zailIvijJAna pada meM nihita racanAkAra kI mAnasikatA ko talAzatA hai| ataH pada prayoga ke vaiziSTya ko batAne ke lie hI zailIvijJAna kI AvazyakatA hai| vaiziSTya uttarAdhyayana kI bhASA mahArASTrI prAkRta se prabhAvita ardhamAgadhI prAkRta hai| 'bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsA dhammamAikkhara' (samavAo, samavAya 34) - bhagavAna mahAvIra arddhamAgadhI bhASA meM bolate the| bhASAzAstriyoM kI dRSTi meM uttarAdhyayana kI bhASA atyanta prAcIna hai| Agama- sAhitya AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI bhASA ke bAda tIsare sthAna para uttarAdhyayana kA nAma AtA hai|' 47 uttarAdhyayana bhASA, bhAva evaM zailI kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / kavi ke uttarAdhyayana kA zailI- vaijJAnika adhyayana 16 2010_03

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pAsa vizeSaNoM kA vipula bhaMDAra evaM abhivyakti kauzala bhI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlabhUta tattva AdhyAtmikatA, dharmaparAyaNatA, karmaphala, punarjanma, sAdhvAcAra, samiti-gupti kA pAlana Adi varNana uttarAdhyayana meM vistAra se huA hai| isa deza kI manISA ne tyAga ko sarvocca mAnavIya guNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rAjarSiyoM kI tyAgakathA varNita hai| kAvya aura naitikatA kA samanvaya anyatra durlabha hai| sAhitya ke tattva rasa, chaMda, alaMkAra, pratIka, bimba, vakrokti Adi pade-pade dekhe jA sakate haiN| 'dharma evaM vairAgya viSayaka upadeza dvArA zAMtarasa kI saritA pravAhita huI hai - adhuve asAsayammi, sNsaarNmidukkhpuraae| kiM nAma hojja taM kammayaM, jeNAhaM doggaiM na gcchejjaa|| (8/1) 'kahIM vIrarasa kI prabhAvazAlI yojanA bhI dikhAI detI hai to kahIM bIbhatsa-rasa kA bhI varNana hai| pramAda se saMcita jJAnarAzi vismRta ho jAtI hai, chaMdobaddha bhASA meM kavi vANI niHsRta huI suttesu yAvI paDibuddhajIvI......! (4/6) dhArmika tathyoM ko ujAgara karane meM, unakI vyAkhyA meM pratIkAtmaka rUpakoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yathA-indra-nami meM pravrajyA viSayaka, harikezI meM yajJa-viSayaka, kezI-gautama meM dharmabhedaviSayaka pratIkAtmaka rUpakoM kA sundara prayoga huA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke kartA ne adhyAtma ke gahana pradeza meM praveza kI anugUMja se vyaktiyoM ke mAnasa ko anuguMjita kiyaa| cittamuni kA hRdaya hI mAnoM pada rUpa meM phUTa par3A - savvaM vilaviyaM gIyaM, savvaM naE viddmbiyN| savve AbharaNA bhArA, savve kAmA duhaavhaa|| (13/16) udghoSa aura AhvAna kI bhAvanA pUrI racanA meM antaHsphUrta hai - samayaM goyama! mA pamAyae (10/36) nariMda! jAI ahamA narANaM (13/18) pAvasamaNi tti vuccaI (17/3) uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya 17 2010_03

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sUktiyoM kA sahaja prasphuTana huA hai| eka sUkti meM bhI pUre jIvana kI dizA ko badalane kA sAmarthya hai - abhayadAyA bhavAhi ya (18/11) na cittA tAyae bhAsA (6/10) saMvAda-zailI kA bhI apanA mahattva rahA hai| kathya kI abhivyakti ke lie rocaka evaM sajIva saMvAda uttarAdhyayana meM najara Ate haiN| harikezI aura brAhmaNoM ke bIca hue saMvAda se yajJa kA AdhyAtmikIkaraNa, mRgAputra aura unake mAtA-pitA ke sAtha hue saMvAda se sAdhu ke AcAra kA pratipAdana, anAthI muni aura magadha samrAT ke bIca anAtha zabda ko lekara huA saMvAda-aise kaI prasaMga saMvAdazailI kI upayogitA ko siddha karate haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM kaI jagaha eka jaise vAkyoM kA bAra-bAra prayoga huA 'eyamaDhe nisAmittA heUkAraNacoio' (9/8 se) 'samayaM goyama! mA pamAyae' (10/1-36) 'taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM' (25/19-29) 'je bhikkhU jayaI niccaM, se na acchai maMDale' (31/7-20) lekina ye punarukti viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie huI hai, punarukta doSa nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana meM anukrama barAbara banA huA hai| pUrva gAthAoM kA prabhAva prasaMgataH Age bhI calatA rahatA hai| lagabhaga pratyeka adhyAya meM nigamanAtmaka gAthA milatI hai| yathA'cattAri paramaMgANi......' (3/1), 'ee parIsahA......' (2/46) ityaadi| vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana meM arvAcIna prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kI apekSA kucha viziSTa prayoga prayukta hue haiM - jattaM (1/21) (saMskRta rUpa yat tat) 'jaM' aura 'taM' do zabda hai| ja ke bindu kA lopa aura ta ko dvitva huA hai|48 dammato (1/16) damitaH (saMskRta) 18 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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pratyaya | susANe (2/20) zmazAna ke artha meM ArSa prayoga / gaNiNaM, jaDI (5/21) prAcIna prayoga | AghAyAya (5/32) zatR pratyaya ke artha meM ArSa prayoga / savvaso (6/11)-ArSa prayoga ke kAraNa tas ke sthAna para zas vaggUhiM (9/55) ArSa prayoga | ahotthA (20/19) abhUd (saMskRta) AhaMsu (20/31) avocam (saMskRta) vippariyAsuvei (20/46 ) vippariyAsaM + uvei- - yaha sandhi kA alAkSaNika prayoga hai / maNUsA (4/2), paratthA (4 /5), bhavammI (14 / 1) - inameM svara kA dIrghIkaraNa huA hai| kamboja (11/16), purimatAla (13/2), pihuMDa (21/3), soriyapura (22/1), dvArakA (22/27), vArANasI (25/13) Adi aneka deza tathA nagaroM kA bhI vividhatApUrvaka varNana uttarAdhyayana meM prApta hai| bhaugolika sAmagrI vikIrNa par3I hai| niyuktikAlIna vyAkhyA -paddhati kA pramukha aMga nikSepa-paddhati kA bhI prayoga uttarAdhyayana meM huA hai| aneka artha vAle zabdoM meM aprastuta arthoM kA agrahaNa aura prastuta artha kA bodha nikSepa ke dvArA hI hotA hai| jaise - saMjogA (1/1) 'yaha merA hai' - aisI buddhi saMyoga hai| yahAM bAhya saMyoga (pArivArika) aura Abhyantara saMyoga (viSaya, kaSAya Adi) kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| tatkAlIna sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ke bAre meM bhI vipula sAmagrI uttarAdhyayana prastuta karatA hai - dAsa bhI kAmanApUrti kA hetu thaa| (3/17) bAhyaveza aura AcAra ke AdhAra para virodhI matavAda-muNDa aura jaTAdhArI hone se dharma, vastra rakhane se dharma, nagna rahane se dharma aadi| (5/21) uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya 2010_03 19

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pazuoM ko cAvala, mUMga, ur3ada Adi die jAte the| (7/1) pramukha sikkA kAkiNI (7/11) astra-zastra,surakSA ke sAdhana-prAkAra, gopura, attttaalikaadi| (9/18) coroM ke prakAra-AmoNa, lomahAra, granthibhedaka Adi / (9/28) yajJa Adi anuSThAnoM kA vivecana (adhyayana 12, 25) uccodaya, madhu, karka, madhya, brahma-prAsAdoM kA ullekha (13/13) punarvivAha kI prathA (13/25, 18/16) binA mAlika ke dhana para rAjA kA adhikAra (14/37) cikitsA paddhati meM Ayurveda-vamana,virecana Adi kA pracalana(15/8) AkheTa karma (18/1) yuddha meM caturaMgiNI senA kA niyojana (18/2) vidyA, maMtroM jar3I-bUTiyoM se bhI cikitsA kI jAtI thii| (20/22) catuSpAda cikitsA-vaidya,rogI, auSadhi, praticaryA karane vAle(20/23) prasAdhana meM gaMdha, mAlya, vilepana Adi kA pryog| (20/29) prAyaH striyAM pati ke bhojana, snAna Adi kara lene para hI bhojana Adi karatI thii| (20/29) naukA vyApAra, antardezIya vyApAra (21/2) bahattara kalAeM (21/6) daMDa (21/8) rAjalakSaNoM kI carcA (sAmudrika zAstra ke anusAra cakra, svastika, aMkuza Adi) (22/1) zilpa kArya-khetI meM kAma Ane vAle hala, kudAlI, pharasA Adi banAkara becnaa| (36/75) ___isa prakAra sabhyatA, saMskRti ke saMdarbha meM paryApta sAmagrI uttarAdhyayana meM haiN| vartamAna meM pracalita artha se bhinna prayogoM kA bhI vyavahAra huA hai - 20 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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moNaM (15/1) kA pracalita artha mauna arthAt cupa rahanA hai kintu yahAM yaha zabda munivrata ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| ciMtA (23/10) tarka artha meM pryukt| cAuraMtaM (29/sU. 23) vRttikAra dvArA aMta kA artha avyv| bhASAgata saMskAra kI zailI bhI uttarAdhyayana meM dekhane ko milatI hai| mahAvIra kSatriya the| naveM adhyayana meM yuddha kI bhASA meM kahA-'appANameva jujjhAhi' (9/35) kSetra badala gayA kintu pahale kI pRSThabhUmi 'AtmanA yuddhasva' ke rUpa meM mukhara ho rahI hai| 'ariSTanemi, kRSNa (adhyayana 22), mahAvIra (adhyayana 23) kA ullekha jainadarzana meM tIrthaMkara, vAsudeva kI paramparA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| Agama-paraMparA kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana samavAyAMga Adi aMgagraMthoM se bhI prAcIna evaM mahattvapUrNa siddha hotA hai| vinTaranitsa, zAnTiyara Adi prasiddha viddhAnoM ne uttarAdhyayana kI tulanA dhammpada, suttanipAta, jAtaka, mahAbhArata Adi prasiddha jainettara graMthoM se kI hai| isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana kevala upadezAtmaka yA dArzanika siddhAMtoM kA pratipAdaka graMtha hI nahIM apitu zreSTha kAvya ke sabhI aMgoM se paripUrNa hai| jIvana-sAgara kI kisI bhI bhAvalahara se kavimAnasa zAyada hI achUtA rahA hogaa| mAgha kI yaha ukti 'kSaNe kSaNe yannavatAmupaiti tadeva rUpaM ramaNIyatAyAH' isa graMtha ke pada-pada para ghaTita hai| nava mallI nava licchavI dezoM ke samrAToM kA solaha praharI pauSadha meM solaha prahara taka lagAtAra ekAgratApUrvaka mahAvIra kI aMtima dezanA kA zravaNa karate rahanA-uttarAdhyayana kI jIvana meM upayogitA kA isase acchA pramANa aura kyA hogA? uttarAdhyayana kA samagra rUpa se anuzIlana, vizleSaNa abhI nahIM huA hai| usakI upayogitA va AvazyakatA akSuNNa hai| AdhyAtmika graMtha hote hue bhI sAhityika evaM kAvyazAstrIya pravidhiyoM kA bharapUra prayoga uttarAdhyayana meM huA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya 21 2010_03

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niSkarSa zailIvijJAna kI svarUpa-parikalpanA ke aMtargata usake AdhArabhUta tattvoM, adhyayana-anusaMdhAna ke vividha AyAmoM ke kendra meM jo eka vastu hai, vaha kAvyabhASA hai| viziSTa prayogoM ke kAraNa kAvyabhANA kI sAmAnya bhASA se vilakSaNatA kA anusaMdhAna zailIvijJAna karatA hai| vaha racanA meM saMpreSya bhAvoM kA sAkSAt kAvyabhASA ke vibhinna tattvoM vakrokti, rasa, alaMkAra, bimba, pratIka Adi ke dvArA karatA hai| AgAmI adhyAyoM meM kAvyabhASA ke vaiziSTya ke anusaMdhAyaka inhIM tattvoM kA uttarAdhyayana ke pariprekSya meM vizada vivecana kAmya hai| sandarbha - 1. paNhAvAgaraNAI, 6/15 2. pramANanayatattvAvaloka, 4/1 3. bhikSu nyAya karNikA, caturtha vibhAga, sU. 3 4. aNuogadArAI, sU. 51 5. samavAo, samavAya 14/2 6. samavAo, samavAya 1/2 7. naMdI sUtra 73 8. uttarAdhyayana bhUmikA, pR. 8 9. dasaveAliya sutta, bhUmikA pR. 3 10. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR. 157 11. kaSAyapAhuDa, jayadhavalA TIkA sahita prathama adhikAra, pR. 22, 23 12. uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 3; kamauttareNa pagayaM AyArasseva uvarimAiM tu| tamhA u uttarA khalu ajjhayaNA huti nnaayvvaa|| 13. uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti, patra 5 14. uttara. 36/268 15. uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 4 22 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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16. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR. 8 17. (ka) hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara, pR. 466 (kha) zramaNa, maI-jUna 1964, pR. 48 15. Rgveda, 4/2/12 19. agnipurANa, adhyAya 338/10 20. uttararAmacarita, 1/1 21. rasagaMgAdhara, pR. 4 22. uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 362 23. DaoN. rAmaprakAza, samIkSA-siddhAMta, pR. 194 24. DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI, zailIvijJAna, pR. 23 25. zailIvijJAna, pR. 4 26. DaoN. guptezvaranAtha upAdhyAya, zailIvijJAna kA svarUpa, pR. 21 27. DaoN. kRSNakumAra zarmA, zailIvaijJAnika AlocanA ke pratidarza, pR. 8 28. draSTavya . DaoN. ravIndranAtha zrIvAstava, zailIvijJAna aura AlocanA kI naI bhUmikA, pR. 4 29. draSTavya : DaoN. rAmaprakAza, samIkSA siddhAMta, pR. 195 30. Buffon : Discourse of Style. 31. Problem of Style, p. 71. 32. Problem of Style, p. 19. 33. Walter Raleigh : Style, p. 19. 34. zailI, pR. 28 35. samIkSAzAstra, pR. 544 36. zAstrIya samIkSA ke siddhAMta, pR. 97 37. sAhityAlocana, pR. 286 38. sAhityAlocana, pR. 198 39. siddhAMta aura adhyayana, pR. 190 40. hindI sAhityakoSa, bhAga 1, pR. 836 uttarAdhyayana meM zailIvijJAna : eka paricaya 2010_03

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41. draSTavya : rAmacandra varmA, prAmANika hindI koSa : zailI 42. kAvyAlaMkAra sUtravRtti, 1/2/13 43. DaoN. vidyAnivAsa mizra, rItivijJAna 44. zailI ke siddhAMta, DaoN. gaNapaticandra gupta, pR. 34 45. dhvanyAloka, 3-33 46. dhvanyAloka, 3-7 47. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara-bhAga 2, pR. 430, 431 48. bRhadvRtti, patra 55 49. bRhadvRtti, patra 585 50. (ka) hisTrI oNpha iMDiyana liTarecara, pR. 466 (kha) uttarAdhyayana zAnTiyara, bhUmikA, pR. 40 24 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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2. uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare pratIka : svarUpa vizleSaNa 'pratIyate yena iti pratIkaH' - jisake dvArA kisI artha-vizeSa yA vastuvizeSa kI pratIti ho vaha pratIka hai| isa anvaya ke anusAra pratIka vaha hai jo apane se bhinna kisI anya pratIyamAna artha kA bodha karAtA hai| lokamAnya tilaka ne 'gItA rahasya' meM pratIka zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue usakI saMracanA 'prati' aura 'ika' ke yoga se maanii| jisakA abhiprAya hai (kisI ke) prati jhukA huaa| unake kathanAnusAra jaba kisI vastu kA koI eka bhAga pahale gocara ho aura phira Age usa vastu kA (sampUrNa samyak) jJAna ho taba usa bhAga ko pratIka kahate haiN| isa dRSTi se pratIka apane bhItara kisI padArtha ke saMketa chipAe rakhane vAlA tattva hai| sAMketika zabdoM se vastu yA guNa ko vyakta kara denA pratIka kA kArya hai| kalA kA vaiziSTya chupAva hai, pradarzana nhiiN| isa dRSTi se pratIka alaMkaraNa yA prasAdana ke hetu haiN| pratIka meM sampUrNa kI apratyakSa abhivyakti hotI hai|2 kisI jIvavastu, dRzya-adRzya, prastuta-aprastuta vastu kA pratinidhitva karane vAlI zakti pratIka hai| 'pratIka vaha jAduI kuMjI hai jo sabhI dvAroM ko khola sakatI hai| sabhI praznoM kA samAdhAna kara sakatI hai|'3 pratIka ko aMgrejI meM 'simbala' kahA gayA hai| DaoN. nagendra ne pratIka ko rUr3ha upamAna va acala bimba mAnA hai| unakA kathana hai jaba upamAna svataMtra na rahakara padArtha vizeSa ke lie rUr3ha ho jAtA hai taba vaha pratIka bana jAtA hai| DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ke anusAra - jisa prakAra madhu kA eka bindu sahasroM puSpoM kI sugandhi evaM makaraMda kA saMzliSTa rUpa hai usI prakAra eka pratIka anekAneka mAnava jagata aura vastu-jagata ke kAryavyApAroM kA saMkalana hai| sAhitya ke itihAsa meM maMtra se lekara Atmabodha kI uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 2010_03

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bimba anekAneka bhAvanAeM isI pratIka dvArA ubuddha huI haiN| pratIka vyaSTi meM samaSTi kA saMpoSaNa hai| kAvyabhASA pratIkoM ke ratha para savAra hokara apanA saphara taya karatI hai| pratIka guhya artha-paTala ko kholane vAlI vaha kuMjI hai jo AkAra meM laghu hote hue bhI bhAva jagata ke vizAla prAsAda meM praveza ke dvAra unmukta karatI hai| kAla kI sampreSya bhAvanAeM abhivyakti ke dvAra banda dekhatI haiM taba pratIka anAyAsa unakI unmukti kA nayA mArga prazasta karate haiN| zailIvijJAna ke anusAra pratIka meM nibaddha kAvyabhASA amUrta ko mUrta, adRzya ko dRzya athavA aprastuta ko prastuta banAne vAle prasaMga garbhita viziSTa saMracanA-biMduoM ko ujAgara karatI hai| mitavyayitA pratIka kA dharma hai| __pratIka aura bimba ye donoM zabda prAya: eka jaisA artha dhvanita karate haiM, para donoM meM bahuta antara haiM - pratIka 1. bimba meM nizcita vastu ke nizcita 1. pratIka meM sthiti sadaiva anizcita rUpa kA saMketa rahatA hai| hI rahatI hai| 2. bimba meM citrAtmakatA pradhAna rahatI hai| 2. pratIka saMketa/vyaMgya pradhAna rahatA hai| 3. bimba kA vaiziSTya usake pUrNa 3. pratIka kA vaiziSTya saMkSiptatA meM haiN| vivaraNa meM hai| 4. bimba sAmAnya pAThaka meM bhI 4. pratIka meM bauddhikatA adhika sannihita bhAvottejana karane meM sakSama hai| rahatI hai| kabhI ye itane durUha hote haiM ki unheM samajhane ke lie bauddhika saMskAra Avazyaka hai| pratIka-prayoga kA hetu viSaya kI vyAkhyA, spaSTIkaraNa va artha ko dIpta karanA hai| pratIka kA rUpa sampUrNa tathya kA dyotana mAtra hotA hai, isameM pUrNa tathya kI abhivyakti pratyakSa nahIM hotii| ___ uttarAdhyayana ke RSi ne apane kAvya meM pratIkAtmaka bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke pratIka ve jalate hue dIpaka haiM, jinakI rozanI meM hama zAzvata satyoM kA, zaktiyoM kA kucha rahasya prApta kara sakate haiN| mAnavIya manobhAva, dharma, darzana, siddhAnta Adi ke gahana rahasyoM ko samajhAne ke lie : vividha pratIkoM kA sundara prayoga huA hai| 26 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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pratIka vargIkaraNa pratIkoM kI prakRti, arthavattA aura vyaMjanA-zakti deza-kAla-vyakti ke anusAra parivartanIya hai| isIlie vidvAnoM, samIkSakoM ne pratIkoM kA vargIkaraNa vibhinna rUpoM meM kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta pratIkoM ke aneka vibhAga kie jA sakate haiM1. srota ke AdhAra para manuSya jagata ke pratIka-sUre daDha parakkame, vAsudeve, cakkavaTTI mahiDDhie, sakke, sArahI, iMdiyacoravasse tiryaJca jagata ke pratIka - mie, bhAruDapakkhI , kaMthae Ase, kuMjare, vasahe, sIhe, kAvoyA vittI, duTThasso, sppe| sthAna pratIka - lADhe prAkRtika pratIka -jagaI, ghayasitta vva pAvae, ceie vacche, kumudaM, divAyare, uDuvaI caMde, jaMbU dume, sIyA naI, maMdare girI, sayaMbhUramaNe udahI, tamaM tameNaM, kiMpAgaphalANaM, vijjusoyA-maNippabhA, bhaannuu| khAdya padArtha ke pratIka - saMkhammi payaM 2. * zubhAzubha ke abhivyaMjaka zubha : jagaI, doguMchI, lADhe, ghayasitta vva pAvae, bhAruDapakkhI ,pattaM, ceie vacche, kumudaM, kaMthae Ase, sUre daDhaparakkame, kuMjare, vasahe, sIhe, vAsudeve, cakkavaTTI mahiDDhie, sakke, divAyare, uDuvaI caMde, koTThAgAre, jaMbU dume, sIyA naI, maMdare girI, sayaMbhUramaNe udahI, vihAraM, siraM, kAvoyA vittI, vijjusoyAmaNippabhA, bhANU, sArahI, aMtakiriyaM azubha : mie, tamaM tameNaM, sAhAhi rukkho, kiMpAgaphalANaM, duTThasso, sappe, iMdiyacoravasse 3. mUrtatva amUrttatva ke AdhAra para amUrta ke lie mUrta pratIka : mie, dhayasitta vva pAvae, bhAruDapakkhI , kumudaM, siraM, kiMpAgaphalANaM, duTThasso, sappe amUrta ke lie amUrta pratIka : aMtakiriyaM uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka. bimba. sakti evaM muhAvare 27 ___ 2010_03

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mUrta ke lie mUrta pratIka : jagaI, lADhe, pattaM, ceie vacche, saMkhammi payaM, kaMthae Ase, sUre daDhaparakkame, kuMjare, vasahe, sIhe, vAsudeve, cakkavaTTI mahiDDie, sakke, divAyare, uDuvaI caMde, koTThAgAre, jaMbU dume, sIyA naI, maMdare girI, sayaMbhUramaNe udahI, vihAraM, tamaM tameNaM, sAhAhi rukkho, vijjusoyAmaNippabhA, bhANU, sArahI, iNdiycorvsse| 4. liMga ke AdhAra para strIliMga : jagaI, doguMchI, sIyA naI, kAvoyA vittI, vijjusoyaamnnippbhaa| pulliga : mie, lADhe, ghayasitta vva pAvae, bhAruDapakkhI, ceie vacche, kathae Ase, sUre daDhaparakkame, kuMjare, vasahe, sIhe, vAsudeve, cakkavaTTI mahiDDie, sakke, divAyare, uDuvaI caMde, koTThAgAre, jaMbU dume, maMdare girI, sayaMbhUramaNe udahI, sAhAhi rukkho, duTThasso, bhANU, sArahI, sappe, iNdiycorvsse| ____ napuMsakaliMga : pattaM, kumudaM, saMkhammi payaM, vihAraM, tamaM tameNaM, siraM, kiMpAgaphalANaM, antakiriyaM / isI prakAra aura bhI vibhAjana kiyA jA sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke pratIka uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta kucha pratIkoM kA vizleSaNa yahAM kAmya hai| mie (mRgaH) mRga indriyoM meM Asakta mana kA pratIka hai| mRga zabda ke do artha haiM - hiraNa va psh| uttarAdhyayanakAra ne pazu kI lAkSaNika vivakSA se isa pratIka kA prayoga ajJAnI yA vivekahIna vyakti ke lie kiyA hai - evaM zIlaM caittANaM dussIle ramaI mie| uttara. 1/5 ajJAnI bhikSu zIla ko chor3akara du:zIla meM ramaNa karatA hai| yahAM kavi-abhipreta pratIka kA bhAvArtha hai 'ajJAnaM sarvapApebhya: pApamasti mahattaram '- krodha Adi saba pApoM se bhI ajJAna bar3A pApa hai| ajJAna mahAroga hai, kaSTakara hai| ajJAna rUpI parde se AcchAdita vyakti apane hita-ahita ko nahIM jAna paataa| 28 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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jagaI (jagatI) pRthvIko vinIta ziSya kA pratIka banAyA gayA hai / pRthvI eka pratIka hai 'sarvaMsahA ' kA, 'kSamAzIlatA' kA, sabhI ke AdhAra kA / zAstroM meM sthAnasthAna para kahA gayA ki muni ko pRthvI ke samAna sahanazIla honA caahie| yahAM vinIta ziSya kA pratIka banAkara kahA gayA havaI kiccANaM saraNaM bhUyANaM jagaI jahA || uttara. 1/45 jisa prakAra pRthvI prANiyoM ke lie AdhAra hotI hai, usI prakAra vaha AcAryoM ke lie AdhArabhUta bana jAtA hai / sabhI prANiyoM ko AdhAra pradAna karane ke kAraNa pRthvI sabakI AzrayadAtA hai, sabakA AdhAra hai| pRthvI kI anavarata AdhArazIlatA ko AcArya ke lie vinIta ziSya ke AdhAra kA pratIka mAnakara ziSya ko pRthvI se bhI adhika AdhArabhUta hone kA kavi - icchita pratIka kI ye paMktiyAM sAkSya haiN| doguMchI (jugupsI) ahiMsaka ke pratIkarUpa meM prayukta 'doguMchI' zabda kA niMdA karane vAlA, ghRNA karane vAlA Adi arthoM meM sAhitya-kSetra meM paryApta pracalana hai / kavi ne isa pratIka ke pracalita artha ko thor3A vistAra dekara, use bhAvArthapradhAna banAkara usa zabda ke dvArA prANImAtra ke prati ahiMsaka vyavahAra kI abhivyaMjanA karAI hai - tao puTTho pivAsAe doguMchI lajjasaMjae / sIodagaM na sevijjA viyaDassesaNaM care // uttara. 2/4 ahiMsaka yA karuNAzIla lajjAvAna saMyamI sAdhu pyAsa se pIr3ita hone para sacitta pAnI kA sevana na kareM, kintu prAsuka jala kI eSaNA kreN| 'doguMchI' kA saMskRta rUpa 'jugupsI' gupU rakSaNe dhAtu se niSpanna hai / usakA zAbdika artha hai - ghRNA karane vAlA | muni hiMsA se, anAcAra se ghRNA karatA hai| pyAsa se AkrAnta hone para bhI sacita jala kA sevana usake lie anAcIrNa hone se tyAjya hai, ahitakara hai| vaha parISaha sahana kara letA hai kintu aisI hiMsA se ghRNA karatA hai| yahAM 'doguMchI' zabda muni kI ahiMsaka vRtti kA, avirAma sAdhanA kA pratIka hai, jo sAdhu kI sahI pahacAna kI pratIti karAne meM samartha hai| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 2010_03 29

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lADhe (lADha:) Agamika bhASA RSi-racita hone se adhyAtma-paraka hai| 'lADha' mUla rUpa meM eka pradeza kA nAma hai, kintu yahAM kaSTasahiSNu ke rUpa meM prayukta hone se kAvyajagata meM ubharane vAlA AgamakAra kA yaha ekadama nayA pratIka hai ega eva care lADhe abhibhUya priishe| gAme vA nagare vAvi nigame vA rAyahANie / / uttara. 2/18 saMyama ke lie jIvana-nirvAha karane vAlA muni parISahoM ko jItakara gAMva meM yA nagara meM, nigama meM yA rAjadhAnI meM akelA (rAga-dveSa rahita hokara ) vicaraNa kre| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne lADha deza meM vihAra kiyA thA, taba vahAM aneka kaSTa sahe the| kabhI zikArI kuttoM ke to kabhI vahAM ke rukSabhojI logoM ke| Age calakara lADha zabda kaSTa sahane vAloM ke lie zlAghA-sUcaka bana gyaa| saMyamI jo ki kaSTa-sahiSNu hai, usake lie yahAM lADha zabda kA arthagarbhita pratIkAtmaka prayoga huA hai| isI Agama ke 15/2 meM lADha kA artha- sat anuSThAna se pradhAnakiyA hai| isI gAthA me prayukta 'ega' zabda 'rAga-dveSa rahitatA' kA tathA janatA ke madhya rahatA huA bhI 'apratibaddhatA' kA sUcaka hai| ghayasitta vva pAvae (ghRtasikta: iva pAvakaH) krodha kI abhivyakti, dIpti/nirvANa, tejasvitA kI abhivyakti ke lie 'agni' pratIka sarvapracalita hai| svayaM racanAkAra ne nirvANa/dIpti artha meM 'ghRtasikta-agni' pratIka kA prayoga kiyA hai - sohI ujjuyabhUyassa dhammo suddhassa citttthii| nivvANaM paramaM jAi ghayasitta vva pAvae // uttara. 3/12 zuddhi use prApta hotI hai, jo RjubhUta hotA hai| dharma usameM ThaharatA hai jo zuddha hotA hai| jisameM dharma ThaharatA hai vaha ghRta se abhisikta agni kI bhAMti parama nirvANa (samAdhi) ko prApta hotA hai| 30 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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ghRtasikta-agni ko nirvANa kA pratIka banAkara kavi kahanA cAhatA hai ki palAla, tRNa Adi ke dvArA agni utanI dIpta nahIM hotI jitanI ghRta ke siMcana se hotI hai| ghRta se agni prajvalita hotI hai, bujhatI nhiiN| ata: nirvANa kA artha bhI yahAM 'bujhanA' kI apekSA 'dIpti' adhika upayukta hai| jisakA jIvana dharmAnugata hotA hai, vaha AtmaramaNa se nirantara sukha ko prApta karatA huA dIptimAna banatA hai| bhAruMDapakkhI (bhAraNDapakSI) kAvya-jagata meM svachanda vyaktitva ke lie prAya: 'pakSI' pratIka kA prayoga hotA hai / yahAM apramatta avasthA kA pratIka bhAraNDapakSI hai| jaina sAhitya meM yaha vyApaka stara para pracalita pratIka hai suttesu yAvI paDibuddhajIvI na vIsase paMDie aasupnne| ghorA muhuttA abalaM sarIraM bhAruMDapakkhI va crppmtto|| uttara. 4/6 AzuprajJa paMDita soe hue vyaktiyoM ke bIca bhI jAgRta rhe| pramAda meM vizvAsa na kre| kAla bar3A ghora hotA hai| zarIra durbala hai| isalie bhAraNDapakSI kI bhAMti apramatta hokara vicaraNa kre| kavi kA pratIka saMdeza spaSTa hai ki mRtyu kA koI nizcita samaya nahIM hai, kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kro| pramAdI ko cAroM ora se bhaya hai| apramAdI abhaya hokara vicaraNa karatA hai| ata: bhAraNDa pakSI kI taraha apramatta hokara vicaraNa kro| yahAM apramattatA ko udghATita karane ke lie 'bhAraNDapakSI' ko pratIka banAyA gayA hai| pattaM (pAtraM) pakSI ke saundarya ko bar3hAne vAlA tathA nirantara usake sAtha rahane vAlA upakaraNa 'patta' bhikSu ke bhikSApAtra kA pratIka bana gayA hai - sannihiM ca na kuvvejjA levamAyAe sNje| pakkhI pattaM samAdAya niravekkho parivvae // uttara. 6/15 saMyamI muni pAtragata lepa ko chor3akara anya kisI prakAra ke AhAra kA saMgraha na kre| pakSI apane paMkhoM ko sAtha lie ur3a jAtA hai vaise hI muni apane pAtroM ko sAtha le, nirapekSa ho, parivrajana kreN| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 31 2010_03

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zleSa para AdhArita yaha pratIka hai| 'pattaM' ke do artha hote haiM--patra/paMkha aura bhikSA-pAtra / kavi abhipreta saMpreSya kathya yaha hai ki jaise pakSI apane paMkhoM ko sAtha lie ur3atA hai, isalie use pIche kI koI cintA nahIM hotii| vaise hI bhikSu apane pAtra Adi upakaraNoM ko jahAM jAe vahAM sAtha le jAe, saMgraha karake na rakhe- pIche kI cintA se nirapekSa hokara vihAra kre| ceie vacche (caityo vRkSa:) ___ kavi-mAnasa svabhAvata: prakRti kA sahacara hotA hai| prakRti se usakA sAhacarya kAvyabhASA ke lie anAyAsa hI varadAna bana jAtA hai| pratIka ke saMdarbha meM bhI prakRti ke vibhinna upakaraNoM kA saMyojana paryApta sahAyaka hai| 'namipavvajjA' adhyayana meM 'ceie vacche' nami kA pratIka banakara ubharA hai mihilAe ceie vacche sIyacchAe mnnorme| pattapupphaphalovee bahUNaM bahuguNe syaa|| uttara. 9/9 mithilA meM eka caityavRkSa thA, zItala chAyA vAlA, manorama, patra, puSpa aura phaloM se ladA huA aura bahuta pakSiyoM ke lie sadA upkaarii| caityavRkSa ko nami rAjarSi kA pratIka banAkara kavi kA kahanA hai ki rAjarSi ke zItala, sukhada Azraya meM sabhI mithilAvAsI sukha-pUrvaka jIvana vyatIta kara rahe haiN| hara dRSTi se nagaravAsiyoM ke lie rAjarSi AdhAra banA huA thaa| gAthA meM prayukta 'bahUNaM' zabda bhI cUrNikAra ke anusAra dvipada, catuSpada tathA pakSiyoM kA dyotaka hai| kumuyaM (kumudaM) prakRti manuSya se bhI adhika saMvedanazIla hai| kavi-hRdaya ke amUrta udgAroM kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie vibhinna prakRti-pratIka mAdhyama banate haiN| zarad-Rtu kA kumuda nirlepatA kA pratIka banA hai vochiMda siNehamappaNo kumuyaM sAraiyaM va paanniyN| se savvasiNehavajjie samayaM goyama ! mA pmaaye| uttara. 10/28 jisa prakAra zarad-Rtu kA kumuda jala meM lipta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra tU apane sneha kA viccheda kara nirlipta bn| he gautama ! tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kr| 32 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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kumuda ko nirlepatA kA pratIka banA bhagavAna ne gautama ko snehamukta hone kA upadeza diyaa| kumuda pahale jalamagna hotA hai, bAda meM jala ke Upara A jAtA hai| cira saMsRSTa, ciraparicita hone ke kAraNa gautama kA mahAvIra se snehabaMdhana hai| mahAvIra nahIM cAhate ki koI unake snehabaMdhana meM bNdhe| isalie mahAvIra ne sneha ke apanayana ke lie kumuda ko pratIka banA gautama ko preraNA dii| bahussuto ke pratIka bahuzruta kauna ? 'bahussuyaM jassa so bahussuto'11 - jo zruta kA dhAraka hai vaha bahuzruta hai| 'bahussuyapujjA' meM bahuzruta ke prasaMga meM rUr3ha upamAnoM ke rUpa meM pratIkoM kA prabhUta prayoga huA hai| bahuzruta ke vyaktitva kA sarvAMgINa paricaya karAne vAlI solaha vizeSatAeM pratIka rUpa meM prastuta haiM - 1. nirmalatA : zaMkha meM nihita dUdha kI taraha nirmala AbhA vAlA 2. jAgarUkatA : AkIrNa azva kI taraha nirantara jAgarUka 3. zauryavIratA : ajeya yoddhA kI taraha parAkramI 4. apratihatatA : balavAna hAthI kI taraha samartha/ apratihata 5. bhAranirvAhakatA : yUthAdhipati vRSabha kI taraha bhAra-nirvAhaka/ gaNa-pramukha 6. duSpradharSatA : duSparAjeya siMha kI taraha anAkramaNIya (anyadarzanI anAkramaNIyatA usa para vaicArika AkramaNa nahIM kara sakate) 7. abAdhita bala : vAsudeva kI bhAMti abAdhita bala vAlA 8. labdhisaMpannatA : RddhisaMpanna cakravartI kI taraha yogaja vibhUtiyoM se saMpanna 9. svAmitva : devAdhipati zakra kI bhAMti divya zaktiyoM kA adhipati 10.tejasvitA : sUrya kI bhAMti tejasvI (tapa ke teja se) 11.kalAoM se : pUrNimA ke candramA kI bhAMti samasta kalAoM se paripUrNa paripUrNatA 12. zrutasaMpannatA : koSThAgAra kI bhAMti zruta se paripUrNa 13. zreSThatA : jambU vRkSa kI taraha zreSTha uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 33 2010_03

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14. nirmalatA : nirmala jala vAlI zItA nadI kI bhAMti nirmala jJAna se yukta 15. acala aura : mandara parvata kI taraha acala tathA jJAna ke prakAza se dIptimAna dIpta 16. akSaya jJAna : nAnA ratnoM se paripUrNa svayambhUramaNa samudra kI taraha akSaya jJAna tathA atizayoM se sampanna / ye sabhI pratIka bahuzruta kI AMtarika zakti tathA tejasvitA ko prakaTa karate haiN| uttara. 11/15-30 vihAraM (vihAraM) vihAra zabda ke aneka artha haiM - manoraMjana, khela, Amoda-pramoda, ghUmanA aadi| prastuta prasaMga meM vihAra kA prayoga eka anya artha jIvana kI samagratA, manuSya jIvana ke lie kiyA gayA hai - asAsayaM daThu imaM vihAraM bahuaMtarAyaM na ya dIhamAuM / tamhA gihaMsi na raiM lahAmo AmaMtayAmo carissAmu monnN|| uttara. 14/7 hamane dekhA hai ki yaha manuSya jIvana anitya hai, usameM bhI vighna bahuta haiM aura Ayu thor3I hai| isalie ghara meM hameM koI Ananda nahIM hai| hama municaryA ko svIkAra karane ke lie ApakI anumati cAhate haiN| tamaM tameNaM (tamastamasi) sAhitya jagata meM aMdhakAra nirAzA, avasAda yA vipatti ke rUpa meM pracalita hai| uttarAdhyayana meM isa pracalita artha se dUra na hote hue bhI, usameM eka anya sUkSma artha ko samAviSTa kara viziSTa arthavyaMjanA kI haiveyA ahIyA na bhavaMti tANaM bhuttA diyA niti tamaM tmennN| uttara. 14/12 veda par3hane para bhI ve trANa nahIM hote| brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAne para ve andhakAramaya naraka meM le jAte haiN| yahAM 'tama' kA artha naraka aura 'tameNaM' kA artha ajJAna se kiyA hai| 34 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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'tamaMtameNaM' ko eka zabda tathA saptamI ke sthAna para tRtIyA vibhakti mAnI jAe to isakA vaikalpika artha- andhakAra se bhI jo ati saghana andhakAramaya haiM vaise raurava Adi naraka- hogaa| yahAM 'tamaM tameNaM' zabda andhakAramaya naraka kA pratIka hai| sAhAhi rukkho (zAkhAbhivRkSo) pahINaputtassa hu Natthi vAso vAsiTTi ! bhikkhAyariyAi kaalo| sAhAhi rukkho lahae samAhiM chinnAhi sAhAhi tameva khaannuN|| uttara. 14/29 putroM ke cale jAne ke bAda maiM ghara meM nahIM raha sktaa| he vAziSThi ! aba mere bhikSAcaryA kA kAla A cukA hai| vakSa zAkhAoM se samAdhi ko prApta hotA hai| unake kaTa jAne para loga use DhUMTha kahate haiN| prastuta prasaMga meM vRkSa zabda purohita kA pratIka hai aura zAkhA zabda purohita putroM kaa| vRkSa zAkhA se samAdhi ko prApta hotA hai arthAt mere putra saMyama svIkAra kara rahe hai| zAkhAeM mere se alaga ho rahI haiN| kaTI huI zAkhAoM vAlA vRkSa DhUMTha kahalAtA hai| pratIka- saMketa hai ki maiM DhUMTha kI taraha asahAya hokara nahIM jI sktaa| siraM (ziraH) mAnava jIvana ke AdhyAtmika lakSya-prApti kI vyaMjanA isa pratIka ke mAdhyama se kI hai, jo vyakti ko jAtipatha/janmamaraNa ke cakkara se mukta kara zAzvata sthAna para pratiSThita karatA hai tahevuggaM tavaM kiccA avvakkhitteNa ceysaa| mahAbalo rAyarisI adAya sirasA sirN| uttara. 18/50 isI prakAra anAkula cita se ugra tapasyA kara rAjarSi mahAbala ne apanA zira dekara zira/mokSa ko prApta kiyaa| kavi kA varNya viSaya yahAM zira nahIM, vaha to aprastuta hai| prastuta haivaha uccatama sthAna jise prApta kara vyakti zAzvata AnaMda meM ramaNa karane lagatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 35 35 2010_03

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zarIra meM sabase UMcA sthAna zira kA hai tathA loka meM sabase UMcA mokSa/apavarga hai| isa samAnatA ke kAraNa mokSa ko 'sira' kahA hai|13 'sirasA' zabda bhI jIvana nirapekSatA kA pratIka hai| sira die binA arthAt jIvana nirapekSa hue binA sAdhya kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| 'sirasA' zabda meM 'iSTaM' sAdhayAmi pAtayAmi vA zarIram' kI pratidhvani hai| kAvoyA (kApotI) bhikSu SadajIvanikAya kA rakSaka hone se svayaM bhojana nahIM banAtA | gRhastha ke dvArA svayaM ke lie banAye hue bhojana meM se usakA kucha aMza lekara apanA jIvana nirvAha karatA hai| jaina sAhitya meM bhikSuoM ke bhikSA kA nAmakaraNa pazupakSiyoM ke nAmoM ke AdhAra para kie gae haiN| yathA-mAdhukarIvRtti, kApotivRtti, ajagarIvRtti aadi| prastuta prasaMga meM kApotivRtti bhikSu kI bhikSAvRtti kA pratIka kAvoyA jA imA vittI kesaloo ya daarunno| dukkhaM baMbhavayaM ghoraM dhAreuM a mahappaNo / uttara. 19/33 yaha jo kApotI-vRtti (kabUtara ke samAna doSa-bhIrU vRtti), dArUNa kezaloca aura ghora-brahmacarya ko dhAraNa karanA hai, vaha mahAna AtmAoM ke lie bhI duSkara hai| yaha pratIka doSa-bhIrU vRtti kA saMvAhaka banakara AyA hai| vRttikAra ne kApotIvRtti kA artha kiyA hai- kabUtara kI taraha AjIvikA kA nirvahana karane vaalaa| jisa prakAra kApota dhAnyakaNa Adi ko cugate samaya nitya sazaMka rahatA hai, usI prakAra bhikSAcaryA meM pravRtta muni eSaNA Adi doSoM ke prati sazaMka hotA hai|14 kiMpAgaphalANaM (kimpAkaphalAnAM) bhogoM kI virasatA ke nidarzana ke lie 'kiMpAkaphala' ko pratIka banAyA gayA hai jahA kiMpAgaphalANaM pariNAmo na suNdro| evaM bhuttANa bhogANaM pariNAmo na suNdro|| uttara. 19/17 jisa prakAra kimpAka phala khAne kA pariNAma sundara nahIM hotA usI prakAra bhogoM kA pariNAma bhI sundara nahIM hotaa| 36 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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- pratIka kA saMdeza hai ki kiMpAkaphala dekhane meM bahuta sundara aura khAne meM ati svAdiSTa hotA hai| kintu usako khAne kA pariNAma prANAnta hai| vaise hI bhoga bhogate samaya sukhAnubhUti hotI hai para unakA pariNAma sukhada nahIM hotaa| pariNAma-abhadratA kA pratIka kiMpAkaphala bhoga sevana ke du:khada pariNAma kA nirdeza karatA hai| vijjusoyAmaNippabhA (vidhutsaudAminIprabhA) kSaNikatA, sphUrti, tvaritA, dIpti, oja Adi jIvana-tattvoM kA aMta:karaNa meM eka sAtha saMcAra karane vAle pratIka kA prayoga uttarAdhyayana meM rAjImatI kI zArIrika kAnti/dIpti dyotita karane ke prasaMga meM huA hai aha sA rAyavarakannA susIlA caarupehinnii| savvalakkhaNasaMpunnA vijjusoyaamnnippbhaa| uttara. 22/7 vaha rAjakanyA suzIla cAruprekSiNI, striyocita sarva-lakSaNoM se paripUrNa aura camakatI haI bijalI jaisI prabhA vAlI thii| sarvalakSaNa-yukta rAjImatI ke zArIrika saundarya kI abhivyakti ke lie 'vidyuta' pratIka ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA gayA hai| duTThasso (duSTAzva:) azva ko mana kA pratIka banAkara kavi kahate haiM - ayaM sAhasio bhImo daTTasso pridhaavii| jaMsi goyama ! ArUDho kahaM teNa na hIrasi? || uttara. 23/55 yaha sAhasika, bhayaMkara, duSTa-azva daur3a rahA hai| gautama ! tuma usa para car3he hue ho| vaha tumheM unmArga meM kaise nahIM le jAtA? _isa pratIka se kavi kahanA cAhate haiM ki mana rUpI azva ko zruta rUpI lagAma se bAMdhakara sanmArgagAmI bnaao| bhANU (bhAnu:) 'tamaso mA jyotirgamaya' aMdhakAra se prakAza kI ora le cala / yaha prakAza asmitA va sarvajJatA kA hai| mokSa kA mArga tapomayI sAdhanA kI apekSA rakhatA hai| jisakA saMsAra kSINa ho cukA hai, jo sarvajJa hai, tapa ke teja se dIpta uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 37 2010_03

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hai, usa dedIpyamAna jyoti-puMja ko bimbAyita karane meM 'bhANU' pratIka saTIka aura sakSama hai uggao vimalo bhANU svvlogppbhNkro| so karissai ujjoyaM savvalogaMmi paanninnN|| uttara. 23/76 samUce loka meM prakAza karane vAlA eka vimala bhAnu ugA hai| vaha samUce loka meM prANiyoM ke lie prakAza kregaa| tejasvitA kA puMja sUrya yahAM prANiyoM ke ajJAna tathA moha rUpI aMdhakAra ko naSTa karane vAle arhata rUpI bhAskara kA pratIka banakara upasthita huA hai| mahAvIra rUpI sUrya kA pRthvI para avataraNa prANiyoM ke lie ujjvala bhaviSya kA sUcaka hai| sArahI (sArathi:) sArathi zabda pathapradarzaka kA pratIka hai| kavi ne isa pracalita artha ko dhyAna meM rakhakara AcArya ke pratIka ke rUpa meM yahAM prastuta kiyA - aha sArahI viciMtei khaluMkehiM smaago| kiM majjha duTThasIsehi appA me avsiiyii| uttara. 27/15 kuziSyoM dvArA khinna hokara sArathI (AcArya) socate haiM - ina duSTa ziSyoM se mujhe kyA? inake saMsarga se merI AtmA avasanna-vyAkula hotI hai| 'sArahI' kA zAbdika artha hai - rathavAna, mArgapradarzaka / prastuta prasaMga meM yaha lAkSaNika prayoga AcArya ke pratIka ke rUpa meM huA hai| jaise sArathi utpathagAmI yA mArgacyuta baila yA ghor3e ko sahI mArga para lA detA hai, vaise hI AcArya bhI apane ziSyoM ko sanmArga para le ote haiN|15 aMtakiriyaM (antakriyA) mokSa ke pratIka-rUpa meM 'aMta' zabda kA prayoga - nANadaMsaNacarittabohilAbhasaMpanne ya NaM jIve aMtakiriyaM kappavimANo vavattigaM ArAhaNaM aaraahei|| uttara. 29/sUtra 15 jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke bodhilAbha se saMpanna vyakti mokSa-prApti yA vaimAnika devoM meM utpanna hone yogya ArAdhanA karatA hai| 38 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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anta kA tAtparya hai bhava yA karmoM kA vinAza / usako phalita karane vAlI kriyA antakriyA kahalAtI hai| yahAM tAtparyArtha ke rUpa meM 'anta' zabda mokSa kA pratIka hai| sappe (sarpa:) durvyavahAra, kaTu bhASaNa, chala-kapaTa Adi kI prastuti ke lie 'sarpa' pratIka prayukta hotA rahA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke RSi ne isa pracalita pratIka ko gaMdhAsakti kI abhivyaMjanA hetu apanI kAvya-bhASA kA upakaraNa banAyA hai - gaMdhesu jo giddhimuvei tivvaM akAliyaM pAvai se vinnaasN| rAgAure osahigaMdhagiddhe sappe bilAo viva nikkhmNte|| uttara. 32/50 jo manoja gaMdha meM tIvra Asakti karatA hai, vaha akAla meM hI jaise vinAza ko prApta hotA hai jaise nAga damanI Adi auSadhiyoM ke gaMdha meM gRddha bila se nikalatA huA rAgAtura srp| pratyakSata: sarpa dUsaroM kA ghAtaka hotA huA bhI yahAM gaMdha meM Asakta hotA huA svayaM hI akAla meM vinAza ko prApta hotA hai| iMdiyacoravasse (indriyacoravazya:) viSayoM meM pravRta indriyA bhItara baiThe caityapuruSa ko sulA detI hai| ata: yahAM cora ke pratIka ke rUpa meM 'indriya' zabda kA prayoga navInatama hai kappaM na icchijja sahAyalicchU pacchANutAve ya tvppbhaavN| evaM viyAre amiyappayAre AvajjaI iNdiycorvsse|| uttara. 32/104 'yaha merI zArIrika sevA karegA' - isa lipsA se kalpa/yogya ziSya kI bhI icchA na kreN| tapasyA ke prabhAva kI icchA na kareM aura tapa kA prabhAva na hone para pazcAttApa na kreN| jo aisI icchA karatA hai vaha indriyarUpI coroM kA vazavartI banA huA aparimita vikAroM ko prApta hotA hai| indriyAM jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa ke kSAyopazamika bhAva haiM / jaba ve rAga-dveSAtmaka pravRti meM lipta ho jAtI haiM taba manuSya kA dharmarUpI sarvasva china jAtA hai| ata: cora ke pratIka ke rUpa meM indriyoM kA sAbhiprAya prayoga upayukta hai| yaha rUpakAtmaka pratIka hai| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 39 ___ 2010_03

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niSkarSa uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta pratIkoM kA zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana racanAkAra kI pratIka-nirmiti kA abhinava AyAma prastuta karate haiN| kavi kalpanA se ni:sRta kucha nae pratIka yahAM bhI prayukta hue haiN| eka ora kavi-kalpanA vastu jagata para pratIkatva kA Aropa karatI hai to dUsarI ora jJAna-vijJAna ke anya srotoM ke pratIkoM ke saMgrahaNa se bhASika saMracanA meM navInatA tathA romAMcakatA bar3ha jAtI hai| aise pratIka bhI haiM jo sAhitya jagata meM alpa-prApta yA aprApta haiM - yaha RSi kI sRjanAtmaka pratibhA kA pramANa hai| isa prakAra bahuvidha pratIka prayoga meM racanAkAra saphala rahe haiN| bimba bimba kavi-mAnasa ke citra evaM sAhitya ke prANa tattva haiM, kAvyabhASA ke antaraMga sahacara haiM / bimba eka amUrta vicAra athavA bhAvanA kI punarracanA hai| yaha pUrNataH mAnasika vyApAra hai aura mastiSka kI AMkhoM se dikhAI detA hai| zeksapiyara ne kavi dvArA apane vicAroM ko udAhRta, suspaSTa evaM alaMkRta karane ke lie prayukta eka laghu zabda citra ko bimba kahA hai| kavi varNya viSaya ko jisa DhaMga se dekhatA, socatA yA anubhava karatA hai, bimba usakI samagratA, gahanatA, ramaNIyatA evaM vizadatA ko apane bhAvoM evaM anuSaMgoM ke mAdhyama se pAThaka taka sampreSita karatA hai| bimba meM citrAtmakatA aura indriyagamyatA Avazyaka hai| nagendra ke anusAra kAvyabimba zabdArtha ke mAdhyama se kalpanA dvArA nirmita eka aisI mAnasa chavi hai, jisake mUla meM bhAva kI preraNA rahatI hai|deg vastusthiti anubhUti dRzya Adi kI mAnasika pratikRti prastuta karanA bimba hai| kisI saMvega se utpanna hokara usI saMvega ko pAThaka ke dila meM utpanna kara denA bimba kI saphalatA hai| bimba kI sattA vizeSaNa aura kriyA meM rahatI hai| upamA Adi alaMkAroM ke rUpa meM bhI inakA avataraNa hotA hai| kAvyavastu se kavi-mAnasa kI tadAkAratA bimbasarjanA kI pahalI zarta hai| isake lie kAvya ke aindriya saMvegAtmaka bodha tathA bhAvodrekakArI kalpanA-kauzala-ina donoM kI saMyuti apekSita hai| isa prakAra amUrta anubhUtiyoM kA mUrtIkaraNa bimbAtmaka bhASika saMracanA kA prathama anivArya pakSa hai to usa 40 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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mUrtIkaraNa ke mAdhyama se sahRdaya pramAtAoM kI kAvyavastu kI tadAkAratA dUsarA apekSita pakSa hai| alaMkAra, pratIka, muhAvare, lokoktiyAM, lAkSaNika prayoga, vibhAva, anubhAva tathA saMcArI bhAva aura mUrta padArthoM ke indriya grAhya svarUpa ke varNana se bimba kA nirmANa hotA hai| kAvya kA pariveza jitanA durUha, sUkSma aura jaTila hotA hai, bimba kI AvazyakatA utanI hI adhika hotI hai| dRSya jagata kA prabhAva jJAnendriyoM ke mAdhyama se mana taka pahuMcatA hai| isalie jitane prakAra ke prabhAva hote haiM utane bimba banate haiN| kAvyabimboM ke mukhya rUpa se do bheda haiM 1. bAhya-indriya grAhya bimba, 2. antaHkaraNendriya grAhya bimba pAMca jJAnendriyoM ke AdhAra para bAhya indriya grAhya bimba ke pAMca prakAra haiM-zravya-bimba, cAkSuSa-bimba, gaMdha-bimba, rasa-bimba, sprsh-bimb| antaHkaraNendriya grAhya bimba ke do prakAra haiM-bhAva-bimba, prjnyaabimb| uttarAdhyayana kI kAvyabhASA antazcetanA ko udghATita karane tathA dArzanika, AcAramUlaka evaM nItiparaka tattvoM ke vivecana ko bimbAyita karane meM saphala huI hai| isakI prastuti meM mAnava-jIvana kI vibhinna avasthAoM tathA siddhAntoM ne pramukha bhUmikA nibhAI hai| isakA mukhya AdhAra dRzya jagata rahA hai| racanAkAra ne varNya viSaya kA itanA spaSTa pratipAdana kiyA hai, jisase pAThaka ke sAmane varNanIya kA ramaNIya bimba upasthita ho jAtA hai| citrAtmakatA, bhAvAtmakatA, aindriyatA, kalpanA Adi bimba ke tattva dRSTigocara hote haiN| yahAM usakA avalokana-vizleSaNa kAmya hai| bAhya-indriya grAhya bimba manuSya kI zravaNa, rUpa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza, AsvAda-saMvedaka indriyoM kI rAgAtmaka saMtRpti jina kAvyabimboM dvArA saMbhava hai ve kramazaH zravya, cAkSuSa, ghAtavya, svAdya tathA spRzya rUpa aindriya-bimba ke aMtargata samAviSTa haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 41 2010_03

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zravya-bimba karNendriya dvArA grAhya bimba ko zravya - bimba dhvani - bimba yA zrautrabimba kahate haiN| zabdoM kI vividha taraMgeM karNagata hokara sambandhita rAgataMtuoM ko prakaMpita kara detI hai| jahAM zabda ke uccAraNa se hI sambandhita kArya kI abhivyakti cetanA ko jhaMkRta karatI hai vahIM zabda- bimba kI sRSTi ho jAtI hai| kavi jaba kisI vastusthiti kA sAkSAtkAra dhvani dvArA karAne meM pravRtta hotA hai taba usakI kAvyabhASA meM anAyAsa zravya- bimba ubharane lagate haiN| padArtha, dRSya, vastusthiti, vyakti, pariveza Adi mauna hote hue bhI mukhara ho uThate haiN| 'namipavvajjA' meM pratIka ke mAdhyama se mithilAvAsiyoM kI manaHsthiti kA biMbana karane meM mithilA ke prAsAdoM evaM gRhoM meM kolAhala yukta dArUNa zabda zravya- bimba kA sRjana kara rahe haiM vAeNa ramANami ceiyaMmi mnnorme| duhiyA asaraNA attA ee kaMdaMti bho ! khgaa| uttara. 9/10 eka dina havA calI aura usa manorama caityavRkSa ko ukhAr3a kara pheMka diyaa| he brAhmaNa! usake Azrita rahane vAle ye pakSI duHkhI, azaraNa aura pIr3ita hokara Akrandana kara rahe haiN| nami ke abhiniSkramaNa ke kAraNa paurajana tathA rAjarSi ke svajanoM kA Akrandana pUre mithilA ke vAtAvaraNa ko kaMpita kara detA hai| sasIma zabdoM meM bhAvoM kI tIvratA ko kavi ne saghana rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| Akrandana kA hetu apanA svArtha hai| svArtha - vighaTana kA yaha Akrandana dhvani - bimba kA suMdara nidarzana hai| bhogoM meM Asakta cakrI ko janma-maraNa ke cakkara se bacAne ke lie vArtAlApa ke prasaMga meM citta muni kI urvara kalpanA zravya- bimba kA nidarzana hai 42 paMcAlarAyA! vayaNaM suNAhi / mA kAsi kammAI mahAlayAiM / uttara. 13 / 26 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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paMcAlarAja! merA vacana sun| pracura karma mata kr| yahAM citta muni kI anubhUti, mUla bhAvanA bhogoM meM lipta apane baMdhu brahmadatta ko zravyabimba ke mAdhyama se pracura karma nahIM karane kI preraNA de rahI hai| bhAI kA utkRSTa saMyama dekhakara, sukhopabhoga ke sAdhanoM kI sarvasulabhatA ke bAvajUda bhI cakrI kI cetanA ko anAsaktatA kA paricaya denA cAhie thA, para aisA dRSTigata nahIM ho rahA hai| citta kI kAmabhogoM ke pariNAmoM kI bhayaMkaratA kI anubhUti kI tIvratA zravyabimba se mukhara ho rahI hai| ___ zravya-bimba ke atirikta 'paMcAlarAyA!' zabda sunate hI brahmadatta cakravartI kI Rddhi-siddhi netrendriya ke sAmane upasthita ho jAtI hai| 'mA kAsi' pracura karma mata kara-yaha vAkya kriyA bimba kA suMdara udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai to 'kammAiM' zabda se karma kA bhAva-bimba pAThaka ko karmasiddhAMta kA rahasya batAtA hai| _ 'ekko hu dhammo naradeva! tANaM' eka dharma hI saMsAra meM trANa hai, vahI hameM apane zAzvata ghara - mokSa kI ora le jAne meM samartha hai nAgo vva baMdhaNaM chittA appaNo vasahiM ve| eyaM patthaM mahArAyaM! usuyAri tti me suy|| uttara. 14/48 jaise baMdhana ko tor3a kara hAthI apane sthAna para calA jAtA hai, vaise hI hameM apane sthAna-mokSa meM cale jAnA caahie| he mahArAja iSukAra! yaha pathya hai, ise maiMne jJAniyoM se sunA hai| 'jJAniyoM se sunA' isa vacana meM adhyAtma kI dhvani mukharita ho rahI hai| yaha dhvani-bimba rAjA iNukAra ko saMyamapatha kA pathika, akiMcana, aparigrahI banAne meM sakSama huA hai| yahAM hAthI kA apane sthAna para jAne se gamana-bimba tathA baMdhana ko tor3ane kI kriyA se kriyA bimba kA bhI upasthApana ho rahA hai| UMce chatra-cAmaroM se suzobhita, dazAra-cakra se sarvataH parivRtta ariSTanemi vivAha ke lie jA rahe haiM, usa samaya 'turiyANa sanninAeNa divveNa gagaNaM phuse' (uttara. 22/12) vAdyoM ke gaganasparzI divyanAda pUre nagara ke sAtha-sAtha sahRdaya pAThaka ke antaHsthala ko bhI sarobAra kara zravya uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 43 ____ 2010_03

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bimba kA nirmANa kara rahe haiN| sAtha-sAtha 'turiyANa' tathA 'gagaNaM' zabda rUpa bimba kA bhI nirUpaNa kara rahe haiN| rAgAtura zabda akAla meM hI jIvanalIlA ko samApta kara dete haiM - saddesu jo giddhimuvei tivvaM akAliyaM pAvai se viNAsaM| rAgAure hariNamige va muddhe sadde atitte samuvei mcchN|| uttara. 32/37 jo manojJa zabdoM meM tIvra Asakti karatA hai, vaha akAla meM hI vinAza ko prApta hotA hai| jaise-zabda meM atRpta banA huA rAgAtura mugdha hiraNa mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| isa zabda-bimba se yahAM manojJa zabda ke pariNAma kI bhayaMkaratA kA pratipAdana ho rahA hai| Asakti ke bhAva bimba kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa tathA akAla-mRtyu ke bhaya bimba kA bhI citraNa ho rahA hai| cAkSuSa-bimba netrendriya dvArA grAhya bimba cAkSaSa bimba kahalAtA hai| kavi kI pAradarzI antardRSTi ne varNita viSaya ko pramAtA ke ekadama nikaTastha aura pratyakSa kara cAkSuSa-bimba kI prastuti meM saphalatA prApta kI hai| 'adaMsaNijje' Adi ke dvArA upasthApita bimba se brAhmaNoM kI krodha se uttapta dazA kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai kayare tuma iya adaMsaNijje kAe va AsA ihamAgao si| omacelagA paMsupisAyabhUyA gacchakkhalAhi kimihaM tthiosi|| uttara. 12/7 o adarzanIya mUrti! tuma kauna ho? kisa AzA se yahAM Ae ho! adhanaMge tuma pAMzu pizAca se laga rahe ho| jAo, AMkhoM se pare cale jaao| yahAM kyoM khar3e ho? loka kI dRSTi meM muni ke rUpa kA bhayaMkara bimba bana rahA hai jisase muni ke bAhya rUpa kA dRzya AMkhoM ke samakSa sajIva ho rahA hai| 'omacelagA', 'paMsupisAyabhUyA' Adi vizeSaNa itane citrAtmaka hai, yadi koI citrakAra cAhe to ina zabdoM ke AdhAra para pUrA citra nirmita kara de| iNukAra nagara kA varNana kara kavi ne usakI Rddhi-samRddhi kA samagra . citra netroM ke samakSa upasthita kara diyA hai 44 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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pure purANe usuyAranAme khAe samiddhe surlogrmm|| uttara. 14/1 iSukAra nAmaka eka nagara thA-prAcIna, prasiddha, samRddhizAlI aura devaloka ke smaan| mRgAputra ke prAsAda kA varNana pAThaka ke sAmane prAsAda' ke dRzya ko ukera detA hai - maNirayaNakuTTimatale paasaayaaloynntttthio| Aloei nagarassa cukktiycccre|| uttara. 19/4 maNi aura ratna se jar3ita pharza vAle prAsAda ke gavAkSa meM baiThA huA mRgAputra nagara ke caurAhoM, tirAhoM aura cauhaTToM ko dekha rahA thaa| yahAM maNi va ratna se jar3A AMgana sahRdaya kI AMkhoM meM prAsAda kI bhavyatA ko upasthita kara detA hai, jise dekha vaha ramyatA kA anubhava karatA cil mRgAputra zramaNa ko dekha apane atIta kA sAkSAta kara letA hai tathA bhAvoM kI nirmalatA kA citra dRSTi meM utAra letA hai taM dehaI miyAputte diTThIe aNimisAe u| kahiM mannerisaM rUvaM diTThapuvvaM mae purA|| uttara. 19/6 mRgAputra ne zramaNa ko animeSa-dRSTi se dekhA aura mana hI mana cintana karane lagA-maiM mAnatA hUM ki aisA rUpa maiMne pahale kahIM dekhA hai| yahAM mRgAputra kA rucira-bimba gamya hai| yaha animeSa dRSTi UhApoha karate hue pAThaka ko bhI jAtismaraNa jJAna karAne meM nimitta bana sakatI hai| uttarAdhyayana ke aneka prasaMga rUpa bimba kI pUrNatA meM pariNata haiN| rAjImatI kA apratima saundarya pAThaka ke sAmane usake rUpa saundarya ko sAkSAta rUpAyita kara detA hai aha sA rAyavarakannA susIlA caaruupehinnii| savvalakkhaNasaMpunnA vijjusoyaamnnippbhaa| uttara. 22/7 vaha rAjakanyA suzIla, cArU-prekSiNI, satriyocita sarvalakSaNoM se paripUrNa aura camakatI huI bijalI jaisI prabhA vAlI thii| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 45 2010_03

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rAjakumArI kI AkarSaka AMkheM, zarIra sauSThava, aMgoM kI paripUrNatA Adi se usake anindya rUpa lAvaNya kA pratibimbana ho rahA hai| 'susIlA' zabda se usake udAtta caritra kI bhI abhivyaMjanA ho rahI hai| bimba AropaNa dvArA mUrta-amUrta vastu ko rUpAyita karatA hai| cetana para acetana kA Aropa viSaya ko sajIva banA detA hai - savvosahIhi havio kayakouyamaMgalo / divvajuyalaparihio AbharaNehiM vibhUsio / / mattaM ca gaMdhahatthiM vAsudevassa jeTThagaM / ArUDho sohae ahiyaM sire cUr3AmaNi jahA || uttara.22/9, 10 ariSTanemi ko sarva auSadhiyoM ke jala se nahalAyA gayA / kautuka aura maMgala kie gae, divya vastra-yugala pahanAyA gayA aura AbharaNoM se vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| vAsudeva ke madavAle jyeSTha gandhahastI para ArUr3ha ariSTanemi sira para cUr3AmaNi kI bhAMti suzobhita huaa| ina gAthAoM meM racanAkAra kI bhASA ne vivAha ke samaya ariSTanemi ke zRMgAra kA aisA dRzya rUpAyita kiyA hai, jo pAThaka ko kabhI Upara, kabhI nIce dRSTi ghumAne ko bAdhya kara detA hai| yaha rUpa bimba draSTA ke bhItara zAMta cetanA ko bhI pravAhita kara rahA hai| yahAM gaMdhabimba, gatyAtmaka bimba, yaza kA bhAva - bimba Adi ke mAdhyama se kavi kI lekhanI saMzliSTa bimba ke sarjana meM pravRtta huI hai| kisI eka anubhUti ko, rUpAkRti ko kendra banAkara antazcetanA kI vividha paratoM ko kholane meM kavi - cetanA sakSama hai| ee ya saMge samaikkamittA suhuttarA ceva bhavaMti sesA | jahA mahAsAgaramuttarittA naI bhave avi gaMgAsamANA / / uttara. 32/18 jo manuSya ina strI-viSayaka AsaktiyoM kA pAra pA jAtA hai, usake lie zeSa sabhI AsaktiyAM vaise hI sutara ho jAtI hai jaise mahAsAgara kA pAra pAne vAle ke lie gaMgA jaisI nadI / 46 yahAM sarvaprathama gaMgA kI ujjvala dhArA AMkhoM ke sammukha rUpAyita hotI hai| gaMgA kA rUpa bimbita hote hI usake prati hRdaya meM zraddhA kA saMcAra 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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hotA hai| phira sparza ke dvArA vyakti usameM vidyamAna zItalatA kA anubhava karatA hai aura usakI akhaNDa dhArA se utpanna zrutimadhura kala-kala dhvani zrotrendriya ko Ananda pradAna karatI hai| rUpa kI Asakti Akhira mAnava ko bhI akAla meM yamarAja ke dvAra pahuMcA detI hai rUvesu jo giddhimuvei tivvaM akAliyaM pAvai se viNAsI rAgAure se jaha vA payaMge Aloyalole samuvei mccuN|| uttara. 32/24 jo manojJa rUpoM meM tIvra Asakti karatA hai, vaha akAla meM hI vinAza ko prApta hotA hai| jaise prakAza-lolupa pataMgA rUpa meM Asakta hokara mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| / yahAM para 'rUpa kI manojJatA' abhilakSita hai| rUpa-bimba utkRSTa hai| gaMdha-bimba ghrANendriya ke dvArA grahaNa kiye jAne vAle viSaya gaMdha-bimba kI sarjanA karate haiN| zabdoM ke vyApAra se sugandha va durgandha ke mAnasa-saMvedana ko ubuddha kara denA gaMdha-bimba kA kArya hai| uttarAdhyayana meM pUtikarNI (sar3e kAna vAlI) kutiyA, sugaMdhita jala Adi prasaMgoM ke mAdhyama se gaMdha-bimba kA sRjana huA hai| __ pUtikarNI kutiyA kI bhayaMkara durgandha pAThaka ke lie ghRNotpAdaka gaMdha-bimba kA sRjana kara rahI hai jahA suNI pUikaNNI nikkasijjai svvso| evaM dussIla paDiNIe muharI nikksijjii| uttara. 1/4 sabhI jagaha se dutkArI huI kutiyA kA rUpa-bimba, avinIta ziSya kI duHzIlatA aura usake tiraskAra ke bhAva-bimba kA bhI isa udAharaNa meM citraNa huA hai| tahiyaM gaMdhodayapupphavAsaM divvA tahiM vasuhArA ya vutttthaa| pahayAo duMduhIo surehiM AgAse aho dANaM ca ghuttuN|| uttara. 12/36 uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 47 2010_03

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devoM ne vahAM sugaMdhita jala, puSpa aura divya dhana kI varSA kii| AkAza meM dundubhi bajAI aura 'ahodAnam' isa prakAra kA ghoSa kiyaa| yahAM divyapadArtha paraka ghrANabimba ghrANendriya kI gaMdha - saMvedanA kI anubhUti karAne meM sakSama hai| dundubhi kI divyadhvani tathA 'ahodAnam' kA divya ghoSa dhvani - bimba kA bhI nidarzana karAtA hai| uttara. 32/50 jo manojJa gaMdha meM tIvra Asakti karatA hai, vaha akAla meM hI vinAza ko prApta hotA hai| jaise nAga- damanI Adi auSadhiyoM ke gaMdha meM gRddha bila se nikalatA huA rAgAtura srp| gaMdhe jo giddhamuvei tivvaM, akAliyaM pAvai se viNAsaM / rAgAure osahigaMdhagiddhe, sappe bilAo viva nikkhamaMte || auSadhiyoM kI gaMdha meM Asakta rAgAtura sarpa ke bimba se kavi manojJa gaMdha meM anurAga nahIM karane kI preraNA detA hai| kyoMki gaMdha ke parigrahaNa se bhI saMtuSTi nahIM hotI tathA usakI atRpti vyakti ko duHkhI banAtI hai| 'sappe bilAo viva nikkhamaMte' meM rUpabimba, gati - bimba tathA vinAza kA bhAva - bimba bhI lakSita hotA hai| -bimba rasa-1 rasanendriya dvArA grAhya viSaya rasa- bimba ke viSaya haiN| zabdoM ke mAdhyama se vastu kI miThAsa, kaSailApana Adi kI anubhUti sahRdaya pAThaka kI jihvA taka pahuMca jAtI hai| 'miyAputtijjaM' adhyayana meM mAMsa Adi ke khilAne se rasanendriya ko ghRNotpAdaka svAda kI anubhUti mRgAputra ke zabdoM meM 48 tuhaM piyAiM maMsAI khaMDAI sollagANi y| khAvio mi samaMsAI aggivaNNAiM Negaso || uttara. 19/69 tujhe khaMDa kiyA huA aura zUla meM khoMsa kara pakAyA huA mAMsa priya thA - yaha yAda dilAkara mere zarIra kA mAMsa kATa ani jaisA lAla kara mujhe khilAyA gyaa| 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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naraka kI bhayaMkara vedanAoM ke vipAka-varNana meM mRgAputra ko apane zarIra kA mAMsa kATa kara paramAdhAmI devatAoM dvArA svayaM unhIM ko khilAne kA bhayAnaka rasa-bimba yahAM ujAgara ho rahA hai| bIbhatsa bhAva ko paidA karane vAle gaMdha bimba kI pratIti bhI prANI ko punaH vaisA duSkarma nahIM karane kA mauna saMdeza de rahI hai| tuhaM piyA surA sIhU merao ya mahUNi yA pAio mi jalaMtIo vasAo ruhirANi y|| uttara. 19/70 isI prakAra tujhe surA, sIdhu, maireya aura madhu-ye madirAeM priya thIM, yaha yAda dilAkara jalatI huI carbI aura rudhira pilAnA aprazasta rasa-bimba kI racanA kara rahA hai| yahAM ghRNA ke bhAva bimba kA bhI citraNa ho rahA hai| rasa ke prati rAga-dveSa kI bhAvanA vyakti ko duHkhAtmaka pIr3A kI ora le jAtI hai egaMtaratte ruire rasammi atAlise se kuNaI paosaM| dukkhassa saMpIlamuvei bAle na lippaI teNa muNI viraago|| uttara. 32/65 jo manojJa rasa meM ekAnta anurakta rahatA hai aura amanojJa rasa meM dveSa karatA hai, vaha ajJAnI duHkhAtmaka pIr3A ko prApta hotA hai| isalie virakta muni unameM lipta nahIM hotA hai| jalakamalavat muni kI nirliptatA kA bhAvabimba bhI yahAM draSTavya hai| sparza-bimba tvacA dvArA grAhya guNa sparza hai| sparza se tvacA meM hone vAle saMvedanoM ke sajIva varNana se sparza-bimba kA sRjana hotA hai| cetanA ko chakara romAMcita kara dene vAlI anubhUti jagA dene meM hI sparza-bimba kI saphalatA hai| sparzajanya AsvAda kA saMvedana mukhyataH vahAM saMbhava hai, jahAM vibhinna pAtra paraspara kisI rAga-saMvedanA ke sUtra meM baMdhe hoN| uttarAdhyayana meM rAgasaMvedanA ke prasaMga to nahIM ke barAbara hai kintu jIvana aura jagata kI komalatAkaThoratA Adi vividha AyAmI sparza kI anubhUtiyoM kA biMbAMkana kahIM kahIM huA hai uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 49 ____ 2010_03

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araI gaMDaM visUiyA AyaMkA vivihA phusaMti te| vivaDai viddhaMsai te sarIrayaM samayaM goyama! mA pmaaye|| uttara. 10/27 pitta roga, phor3A-phunsI, haijA aura vividha prakAra ke zIghraghAti roga zarIra kA sparza karate haiN| jinase yaha zarIra zaktihIna aura vinaSTa hotA hai, isalie he gautama! tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kr| rogAtaMka kA yaha sparza-bimba zarIra kI zaktihInatA aura vinaSTatA kA sUcaka hai| . mRgAputra dvArA naraka kI bhayaMkara vedanAoM ko sahana karane kA sparzajanya anubhava nimnalikhita sparza-bimba kA hai jahA ihaM agaNI uNho ettoNaMtaguNe thiN| naraesu veyaNA uNhA assAyA veiyA me|| uttara. 19/47 jaise yahAM agni uSNa hai, isase ananta gunA adhika duHkhamaya uSNavedanA vahAM naraka meM maiMne sahI hai| gAthA meM varNita naraka kI vedanA kA dAhaka sparza pAThaka ko bhI agni ke samAna dAhaka-sparza-bimba pradAna karatA hai| agni aura naraka ke rUpa-bimba kA bhI upasthApana ho rahA hai| . sthAyI bhAva ke rUpa meM samrAT zreNika ke bhItara meM supta anAthatA kI bhAvanA ko jAgRta karane meM anAthI muni ke 'mahArAya', 'patthivA' Adi udbodhana sakSama bane haiM - paDhame vae mahArAya! aulA me acchiveynnaa| ahotthA viulo dAho savvaMgesu ya ptthivaa||| uttara. 20/19 mahArAja! prathama-vaya meM merI AMkhoM meM asAdhAraNa vedanA utpanna huii| pArthiva! merA samUcA zarIra pIr3A dene vAlI jalana se jala utthaa| anAthI muni kI AMkhoM meM utpanna vedanA kA yaha dAhaka-sparza sahRdaya pAThaka ko bhI duHkhajanya anubhUti se abhibhUta karatA hai| sukhAtmaka sparza kSaNika sukha kI anubhUti meM vyakti ko nimagna kara - aMta meM kaTu pariNAma ko lakSita karatA hai 50 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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phAsesu jo giddhimuvei tivvaM akAliyaM pAvai se vinnaasN| rAgAure sIyajalAvasanne gAhaggahIe mahise vrnnnne|| uttara. 32/76 jo manojJa sparSoM meM tIvra Asakti karatA hai, vaha akAla meM hI vinAza ko prApta hotA hai| jaise ghaDiyAla ke dvArA pakar3A huaa| araNyajalAzaya ke zItala jala ke sparza meM magna banA rAgAtura bhaiNsaa| Asakti ke mohapAza meM nahIM baMdhane kI kavi-preraNA isa sparza-bimba se dhvanita ho rahI hai| antaHkaraNendriya grAhya bimba vividha bhAvanAeM-hAsya-zoka, sukha-duHkha, prasannatA-viSAda Adi sthAyI va saMcArI bhAva bhAva-bimba ke viSaya haiN| yaza-apayaza Adi kI anubhUti ke viSaya evaM AtmA, karma, jJAna, kaivalya, mokSa Adi prajJA ke viSaya haiN| bhAva bimba yaha amUrtta bimba kA hI uparUpa hai| bhAva-bimba hRdaya meM sthita bhAva kI ora pramAtA ko pravRtta karatA hai| 'hariesijja' adhyayana meM harikezI kA tapasvI, jJAnI, dhyAnI, monI tathA zreSTha mokSa sAdhaka ke rUpa meM utkRSTa bimba prApta hotA hai sovAgakulasaMbhUo guNuttaradharo munnii| hariesabalo nAma Asi bhikkhU jiiNdio|| uttara. 12/1 cANDAla-kula meM utpanna, jJAna Adi guNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, dharma-adharma kA manana karane vAlA harikezabala nAmaka jitendriya bhikSu thaa| dhamme harae baMbhe saMtititthe aNAvile attpsnnlese| jahiMsi NhAo vimalo visuddho susIibhUo pajahAmi dos| uttara. 12/46 akaluSita evaM AtmA kA prasanna-lezyA vAlA dharma merA hada (jalAzaya) hai| brahmacarya merA zAMtitIrtha hai, jahAM nahAkara maiM vimala, vizuddha aura suzItala hokara karmaraja kA tyAga karatA huuN| prastuta prasaMga meM dharma, brahmacarya Adi tathA uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare ___ 2010_03

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vimalatA, vizuddhatA Adi ke bhAva-bimboM ke atirikta rUpakAtmaka prayoga se jalAzaya Adi kA rUpa-bimba bhI upasthita hai| kAmabhoga mumukSu ke lie ahitakara hai, sabhI anarthoM kI jar3a hai| kAmabhoga ke pariNAma kI duHkhada sthiti kA citraNa karane vAlA mArmika bhAva-bimba kavi ke zabdoM meM vyakta huA hai| khaNamettasokkhA bahukAladukkhA pagAmadukkhA annigaamsokkhaa| saMsAramokkhassa vipakkhabhUyA khANI aNatthANa u kaambhogaa|| uttara. 14/13 ye kAmabhoga kSaNabhara sukha aura cirakAla taka duHkha dene vAle haiM, bahuta duHkha aura thor3A sukha dene vAle haiM, saMsAra-mukti ke virodhI haiM aura anarthoM kI khAna haiN| isa bimba se yahAM kAma-bhAvanA kI bhayaMkaratA kA pratipAdana huA hai| sukha-duHkha Adi ke sAtha saMsAracakra kA bimba bhI upasthita hai| atyadhika lAlasAeM usI prakAra manuSya ke jIvana ko sattvahIna kara detI hai jaise phUla meM koI kITa ghusakara use gandha-parAga se rahita kara detA hai savvaM jagaM jai tuhaM savvaM vAvi dhaNaM bhve| savvaM pi te apajjattaM neva tANAya taM tvaa| uttara. 14/39 yadi samUcA jagata tumheM mila jAe athavA samUcA dhana tumhArA ho jAe to bhI vaha tumhArI icchA-pUrti ke lie paryApta nahIM hogA aura vaha tumheM trANa bhI nahIM de skegaa| saMsAra meM eka tRSNA hI aisI hai jo hamezA yuvA banI rahatI hai, kabhI vRddhAvasthA ko prApta nahIM hotI- 'tRSNaikA taruNAyate' tRSNA kA yaha bhAvabimba yahAM prabhAvI DhaMga se prastuta huA hai| isameM pAThaka kI cetanA ko saMsAra meM atrANatA kI anubhUti karAne kA sAmarthya hai| yahAM atrANa jagata kA rUpa-bimba prANiyoM ko dharma kI zaraNa ke lie prerita karatA hai| tivvacaMDappagADhAo ghorAo aidusshaa| mahanmayAo bhImAo naraesu veiyA me|| uttara. 19/72 52 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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tIvra, caNDa, pragAr3ha, ghora, atyanta duHsaha, bhIma aura atyanta bhayaMkara vedanA kA maiMne naraka-loka meM anubhava kiyA hai| yahAM nArakIya vedanAoM ke bhAvabimba kI prabhAvI abhivyaMjanA huI hai| Antarika anurAga kI anubhUti kA sAkSAtkAra karAne vAlA bhAvabimba hai soUNa rAyakannA pavvajja sA jiNassa u| nIhAsA ya nirANaMdA sogeNa u smutthyaa|| uttara. 22/28 ariSTanemi ke pravrajyA kI bAta ko sunakara rAjakanyA rAjImatI apanI haMsI-khuzI aura Ananda ko kho baitthii| vaha zoka se stabdha ho gii| pratyakSa rUpa se sarvaprathama yahAM ariSTanemi kI dIkSA kA bimba ubharatA hai| usake bAda rAjakanyA ke rUpa meM rAjImatI kA zrotAoM ke sammukha citra kI bhAMti Agamana tathA usakI zokagamana sthiti bhAva- bimba kI sazakta abhivyaMjanA meM samartha hai| __ saMyama ke lie tatpara ariSTanemi aura rAjImatI ko AzIrvAda dete hue zrIkRSNa kA bhAva bimba draSTavya hai vAsudevo ya NaM bhaNai luttakesaM jiindiyN| icchiyamaNorahe turiyaM pAvesU taM dmiisraa|| uttara. 22/25 vAsudeva ne luMcitakeza aura jitendriya ariSTanemi se kahA-damIzvara! tuma apane icchita manoratha ko zIghra prApta kro| vAsudevo ya NaM bhaNai luttakesaM jiindiyo / saMsArasAgaraM ghoraM tara kanne! lahuM lhuN|| uttara. 22/31 vAsudeva ne luMcita kezavAlI aura jitendriya rAjImatI se kahA-he kanye! tU ghora saMsAra-sAgara kA atizIghratA se pAra prApta kr| isa prasaMga meM kRSNa ke zubha AzIrvAda, damIzvara ariSTanemi, jitendriya rAjImatI, saMsAra-sAgara Adi kA sundara bimba banA hai| samudra kI agAdhatA, athAhatA aura dustaratA ke sAtha saMsAra kI tadarUpatA bhI rUpaka alaMkAra dvArA abhivyaMjita hai| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare ____53 2010_03

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rAjImatI ko yathAjAta avasthA meM dekha bhagna citta rathanemi unase bhogoM kI yAcanA karatA hai| taba saMyaminI rAjImatI tiraskArabharI vANI meM kahatI hai govAlo bhaMDavAlo vA jahA tddvv'nnissro| evaM aNissaro taM pi sAmaNNassa bhvisssi|| uttara. 22/45 jaise gopAla aura bhANDapAla gAyoM aura kirAne ke svAmI nahIM hote, isI prakAra tU bhI zrAmaNya kA svAmI nahIM hogaa| yahAM 'bhavissasi' kriyA se nirmita bhAvabimba se gopAla aura bhANDapAla ke upamAna dvArA rathanemi ke zramaNa jIvana kA asvAmitva vyaMjita ho rahA hai| kyoMki saMkalpa ke vazIbhUta hokara jo kAma kA nivAraNa nahIM karatA vaha zrAmaNya kA svAmI kaise banegA? RSi kI racanA-anukUla pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM vAsIcaMdanatulyatA kA saMdeza de rahI hai -- so evaM tattha paDisiddho jAyageNa mhaamunnii| na vi ruTTho na vi tuTTho utmtthtthgveso| uttara. 25/9 vaha mahAmuni yajJakartA ke dvArA pratiSedha kiye jAne para na ruSTa hI huA aura na tuSTa hI huA, kyoMki vaha uttama artha mokSa kI gaveSaNA meM lagA huA thaa| yahAM 'samatA bhAva' kA sundara bimba bana rahA hai| prajJA-bimba uttarAdhyayana kI kAvyabhANA meM prajJA-bimba bahulatA se prApta hai| cakravartI, rAjarSi, rAjakumAroM kA pahale bhoga bhoganA, jIvana-mUlya samajhane ke bAda pravrajyA svIkAra kara mokSa kI ora agrasara honA isake pratyakSa udAharaNa haiN| __ ye prajJA-bimba anukaraNIya haiN| inameM gahana cintana aura jIvana-marma kA saMdeza mAnava-mAtra ke lie grahaNa karane yogya mokSa-tattva ke rUpa meM nihita hai citto vi kAmehi virattakAmo, udaggacArittatavo mhesii| aNuttaraM saMjama pAlaittA, aNuttaraM siddhigaI go|| uttara. 13/35 54 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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kAmanA se virakta aura udAtta cAritra tapa vAlA maharSi citta anuttara saMyama kA pAlana kara anuttara siddhigati ko prApta huaa| yaha prajJA-bimba kAmanAoM ke jAla se mukti pAne ke prazasta vicAra kI ora jijJAsuoM ko unmukha karatA hai| saMyama aura siddhigati kA bimba darzanIya hai| Atmatattva ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana karane vAlA prajJA-bimba advitIya 'no iMdiyaggejjha amuttabhAvA amuttabhAvA viya hoi nicco | ' uttara. 14/19 AtmA amUrta hai isalie yaha indriyoM ke dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| yaha amUrta hai isalie nitya hai| AtmA kI indriya agocaratA tathA nityatA ke prakhara satya kA udghATaka yaha prajJA-bimba saMyama ke lie samutsuka putroM aura pitA ke bIca cala rahe vArtAlApa ke prasaMga meM prAsaMgika pratIta hotA hai| sAtha hI kisI dArzanika ke lie kitanA virATa, jaTila para mArmika bimba hai| racanAkAra kI racanA meM 'yatra tatra sarvatra' zubha vicAroM kA saMpuTa dikhAI detA hai| pratyeka gAthA prAyaH bhAvoM ke tAne aura vicAroM ke bAne se bunI majabUta paTa sI hai, jisameM antara - jagata ke yathArtha kI gaharI raMgata sahRdayoM ko apane meM nimagna kie rahatI hai evaM loe palittammi jarAe maraNeNa y| appANaM tAraissAmi tubhehiM aNumannio || uttara. 19/23 isI prakAra yaha loka jarA - mRtyu se prajvalita ho rahA hai| maiM ApakI AjJA pAkara usameM se apane Apako nikaaluuNgaa| anaMtakAla se jarA-maraNa ke vega meM bahane ke kAraNa saMsAra se virakti kA prajJAbimba mRgAputra antaHkaraNa ko udvelita karatA hai aura saMsAra kI dayanIya sthiti pAThaka ke dila meM saMyama kI bhAvanA ko utprerita karane meM samartha hai| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 2010_03 55

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isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana meM bimba-vidhAna vivecana prasaMga ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki bimba meM bhAva kI sattA hI prANa-pratiSThA karatI hai| bimba ke pakSadhara sI. De. levisa ne bimba-nirmANa meM kucha Avazyaka guNa udbodhanazIlatA, sadhanatA, navInatA, aucitya Adi mAne haiM, ve uttarAdhyayana meM anAyAsa upalabdha haiN| racanAkAra kI bimba-sarjanA racanA kA kevala bAhya upakaraNa hI nahIM hai, mAnavIya saMvedanA tathA adhyAtma cetanA kI atala gaharAI taka pahuMcane kA sopAna bhI hai aura isa bimba-nirmANa se mUrtta-amUrtta bhAvoM kI abhivyakti, dArzanika siddhAMta Adi anubhUtigamya bane haiN| sUkti evaM muhAvare __sUkti kAvya kI ramaNIyatA meM vRddhi karatI hai, rasavattA ko udghATita karatI hai, romAMcakatA ko saMvardhita karatI hai| 'uttiviseso kavvaM'22 -uktivizeSa ko kAvya kahate haiN| sUkti : svarUpa vivecana 'su' aura 'ukti' ke yoga se 'sUkti' zabda niSpanna hai| yAska ne 'su' kA artha svIkRti (pUjArha) mAnA hai|23 medinI koSa meM 'su' ko pUjA, anumati, Adhikya, samRddhi Adi arthoM kA dyotaka mAnA hai|24 'vaca paribhASaNe" dhAtu se 'striyAM ktin' sUtra se ktin pratyaya tathA 'vacisvapiyajAdInAM kiti' se samprasAraNa karane para ukti zabda banatA hai| su ke sAtha ukti ke milana se sUkti zabda nirmita hotA hai| jisakA artha hai-sammAnanIya vacana, samRddha vANI, utkRSTa padAvalI aadi| vaha vacana yA ukti sUkti hai jo saMkSipta hote hae bhI gaMbhIra arthavattA ko dhAraNa karatI hai| sUkti vaha hai jo sadvicAra kA pratinidhitva aura sadAcAra kA pravartana kre| sUkti kA pravartana kyoM? prabodhAya vivekAya hitAya prazamAya c| samyaktattvopadezAya satAM sUktiH prvrtte||26 prabodha ke lie, viveka jAgaraNa ke lie, hita ke lie, zAMti ke lie. tathA samyak tattva ke upadeza ke lie sajjanoM kI sUktiyAM pravartita hotI haiN| 56 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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Agama aura sUkti __ Agama-sAhitya apanI mahanIyatA aura udAttatA ke lie prasiddha hai| usameM pracura sUkti-bhaNDAra surakSita hai| bhAratIya vAGmaya ke parizIlana se vidita hotA hai ki prAcInakAla se hI sAhitya meM pracura sUktiyAM vidyamAna hai| isalie jo sAhitya jitanA purAnA hai utanI hI purAnI usakI sUktiyAM bhI hai| pratyeka yuga meM unakA sarjana hotA rahA hai aura sAhitya kI hara vidhA meM unakA praveza huA hai| adhyAtma, darzana evaM jIvanamUlyoM ke udghATana meM AgamakAra ne sUktiyoM kA viniyojana kiyA hai| ina sUktiyoM kA AdhyAtmika mUlya to hai hI, sAtha-sAtha ye sUktiyAM jIvana vyavahAra ke lie bhI atyanta upayogI hai| __uttarAdhyayana sUktiyoM kA Akara graMtha hai| jIvana-satya sahaja aura saMkSipta kathana ke rUpa meM anAyAsa zabdabaddha hokara cirasmaraNIya sUktiyoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa hue haiN| zabdoM ke alaMkAra, chandoM kI layabaddhatA evaM bhAvoM kI gambhIratA uttarAdhyayana kI sUktiyoM kI maulika prabhaviSNutA evaM asmitA kI kAraka hai| RSiyoM kI antaHprajJA ne sUkti dvArA anAsthA, anizcaya tathA akarmaNyatA ke dhuMdhalAye pariveza ko cetanA ke Aloka se bhAsita kiyA hai| sUkti saMghaTanA ke do pakSa haiM - kalApakSa aura bhaavpkss| sUktiyoM ke kalApakSa kI zreSThatA usameM prayukta kavi pratibhA para hai| alaMkAra, chaMda, bhASA, zailI Adi kalApakSa ke tattva haiN| kavi dvArA pAThakoM taka preSaNIya bhAva yA vicAra kI paripakvatA, utkRSTatA Adi se sUktiyoM ke bhAvapakSa kI zreSThatA parilakSita hotI hai| yahAM sUktiyoM ke adhyayana kA AdhAra bhAva-pakSa aura vicAra-pakSa ko banAyA gayA hai| sUkti ke bhAva aura vicAra-pakSa kA Azraya lekara adhyayana kI kaI dizAeM ho sakatI haiN| sAhityika dRSTi se sUkti ke bhAva-saundarya ko parakhA jA sakatA hai, sAMskRtika dRSTi se loka-jIvana kI vividha vidhAoM ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| AlocanAtmaka aura samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se sUktiyoM kA aucitya evaM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se kalpanA, bhAva aura vicAra kA sAmya uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 57 2010_03

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vaiSamya dekhA jA sakatA hai| kalAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka aura vicArAtmaka vikAsa kA aitihAsika vizleSaNa bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| sarvAMgINa adhyayana ke lie ina sabhI pakSoM ko apanAnA ucita hai| kintu prastuta prasaMga meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vibhinna kaviyoM meM kalpanA, bhAva aura vicAra kA sAmya dikhAne kA yatna kiyA gayA hai| sUkti kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa evaM prabhAvazAlI tattva hai usameM abhivyakta mAnava jIvana saMbaMdhI tthy| mAnava-jIvana apane Apa meM itanA vizAla hai ki usase sambaddha sabhI tathyoM kA vaividhya batAnA saMbhava nahIM, phira bhI jIvana ke jisa aMga ko jitane aMzoM meM sUkti sparza karatI hai usakA saMkSipta vivecana karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| sUkti-vibhAjana viSaya kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana kI sUktiyoM kA vibhAjana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai - paryAvaraNa 1. paryAvaraNa 3. jIvana kA satya 5. sAdhanA kI ora 58 27 paryAvaraNa para hamArA astitva avalambita hai| usakI rakSA paraspara maitrI, samAnatA aura saMyama Adi para nirbhara hai| hajAroM varSa pUrva svayaM satya kA sAkSAt kara mahAvIra ne eka sUkta diyA 'puDho sattA' - sabakI svataMtra sattA hai| ataH 'mettiM bhUesa kappae'- sabhI jIvoM ke sAtha maitrI karo, sabako apanI ora se abhayadAna do, kisI bhI jIva ko trasta mata karo, binA prayojana eka miTTI ke Dhele ko bhI idhara-udhara mata karo - mahAvIra kI isa vANI ko manuSya AcaraNa meM lAye, paryAvaraNa kI vikaTa samasyA se ubarane ke lie ye AdhyAtmika sUtra mahattvapUrNa samAdhAna prastuta karate haiN| trasta na kareM 2. arthazAstra 4. vyaktitva vikAsa 6. jaina siddhAMta saba jIvoM ko apane samAna samajhanevAlA AtmadarzI sAdhaka hI sukhI hotA hai| ataH hara sAdhaka ke lie satata smaraNIya hai 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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'na ya vittAsae paraM' uttara. 2/20 dUsaroM ko trAsa na de| muni vAyi-SaTjIvanikAya rakSaka hotA hai| usakA karttavya hai ki vaha apane tapa-teja va sAdhanA kI zakti se dUsaroM ke lie bhaya kA vAtAvaraNa utpanna kara unheM trasta na kreN| satya kI khoja apane para apanA zAsana hai| svayaM khojA huA satya sAkSAtkAra-yukta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanakAra satya kI zodha kA mAdhyama prastuta karate haiM 'appaNA saccamesejjA' uttara. 6/2 svayaM satya kI gaveSaNA kreN| jaina-darzana puruSArthavAdI hone ke kAraNa mAnatA hai ki vyakti-vyakti ko satya kI khoja karanI caahie| dUsaroM ke dvArA khojA gayA satya dUsare ke lie preraka va nimitta kAraNa bana sakatA hai, upAdAna nhiiN| vizvamaitrI kA sUtra satya-gaveSaNA kI khoja meM sAdhana bana sakatA hai| vizvamaitrI saMsAra meM sabhI prANI jInA cAhate haiM, sukha cAhate haiN| kisI ko yaha adhikAra nahIM ki vaha kisI ke lie kaSTaprada siddha ho| jIva vaira se baMdhakara naraka ko prApta hotA hai, ataH sabake sAtha mitravat AcaraNa karanA cAhie, zatruvat nahIM - 'mettiM bhUesu kappae' uttara. 6/2 saba jIvoM ke prati maitrI kreN| isI ke samakakSa-'mitti me savvabhuesu, veraM majjha na keNaI'28-saMsAra ke kisI bhI prANI ke prati merA vaira na ho, sabake sAtha maitrI ho| 'savve sattA averino hontu, mA verino'29-saMsAra ke sabhI prANI paraspara avairI ho, Apasa meM zatru bhAva na rkheN| abhayadAna saMsAra meM prANiyoM ko mRtyu kA bhaya atyadhika hai| jo kisI kA prANaharaNa nahIM karatA vaha abhayadAtA bana jAtA hai| tattvadarzI saMyamI prANI jagata ko apane jaisA hI dekhatA hai| vaha apanI ora se sabako nirbhaya banAkara uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 59 2010_03

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dUsaroM ko bhI abhayadAtA banane kI preraNA detA hai| isalie aMtara ke Aloka se Alokita gardabhAli anagAra kA aMtaHsvara gUMja uThA 'abhayadAyA bhavAhi ya' uttara. 18/11 tU bhI abhayadAtA bana / vaiyaktika tathA sAmAjika jIvana meM bhI abhaya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| padmapurANa meM kahA hai sarveSAmeva dAnAnAmidamevaikamuttamam / 30 abhayaM sarvabhUtAnAM nAsti dAnamataH param // sabhI dAnoM meM abhayadAna hI uttama dAna hai, isase uttama anya koI dAna nahIM hai| prakRti kI vyavasthA prakRti ko prakRti meM rahane dene kI preraka hai yaha paMkti'paDikammaM ko kuNaI araNNe miyapakkhiNaM?' uttara. 19/76 jaMgala meM hiraNa aura pakSiyoM kI cikitsA kauna karatA hai? arthazAstra arthazAstra kA sUtra hai - icchA bar3hAo, utpAdana bddh'egaa| phalataH vahAM tRSNA, AkAMkSA, apekSA athavA icchAoM ke alpIkaraNa kA siddhAMta mAnya nahIM hai| kintu adhyAtmazAstra parA zAnti kA mArga nirdiSTa karatA hai| jitanI tRSNA bar3hatI hai, utanI hI pravRtti bar3hatI hai| jitanI pravRtti bar3hatI hai, utanI hI azAMti bar3hatI hai| isalie Avazyaka hai manuSya icchAoM kA alpIkaraNa kare, AtmatrANa kA prayatna kreN| tRSNA tRSNA aparisIma hai| yena-kena prakAreNa icchApUrti kI tIvra lAlasA tRSNA hai| tRSNA eka prakAra kA unmAda hai, jo vyakti ko viveka zUnya banA detA hai| aisI tRSNA kavi kI dRSTi meM samAdara nahIM pA sakI 'bhavataNhA layA vuttA bhImA bhImaphalodayA' uttara. 23/48 tRSNA bhayaMkara phala dene vAlI viSa bela hai| tRSNA se yukta manuSya samRddha hone para bhI daridra hI hai, use santuSTi nahIM hotI - 'yAvat satarSaH 60 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana

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puruSo hi loke tAvat samRddho'pi sadA dridrH|'31 bANa ke zabdoM meM-'zakyAzakya-parisaMkhyAnazUnyAH prAyeNa svArthatRSaH'22-svArthasiddhi kI tRSNA ke vazIbhUta manuSya kA saMbhava-asaMbhava kA jJAna hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| aparimita icchAeM dharatI sabhI kA poSaNa kara sake, itanA sAmarthya usake pAsa hai, para icchA eka kI bhI pUrI kara sake, aisA sAmarthya usameM nahIM hai ataH vikAsa aura pragati ke nAma para icchA ke vistRta AkAza meM viharaNa asantuSTi kA hI janaka hai - 'icchA hu AgAsasamA aNantiyA' uttara. 9/48 icchAeM AkAza ke samAna ananta haiN| kAlidAsa bhI icchAoM kI anantatA aura anizcitatA ke viSaya meM kahate haiM 'manorathAnAmagatirna vidyate'22 icchAeM ityalam nahIM jaantii| trANa kahAM? dhana vyakti ko sukha-suvidhA de sakatA hai, bhogavilAsa ke sAdhana upalabdha karA sakatA hai para Ananda nhiiN| bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI kSaNika sAMsArika sukha kA anubhava karA sakatI hai, kintu Akhira meM usakA pariNAma virasatA hI hai| dhana se tRpti kI AzA mRgatRSNA ke samAna hai| aisA dhana kisI ke lie zaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| zaraNa vahI hai jisase jIvana meM zAMti tathA vAstavika sukha kA anubhava hotA hai, nirbhaya-bhAva utpanna hotA hai tathA Antarika bala jAgatA hai| isalie -- 'vitteNa tANaM na labhe pamatte' uttara.4/5 pramatta manuSya dhana se trANa nahIM paataa| uttarAdhyayana kI yaha sUkti kAThakopaniSat se sAmya rakhatI hai- 'na vittena tarpaNIyo manuSyaH 24 dhana se manuSya ko tRpti nahIM ho sktii| jIvana kA satya prabhu mahAvIra ne sAr3he bAraha varSa taka kaThina tapa kiyaa| prakAza prApta kara kucha aise zAzvata jIvana-satyoM kA udghATana kiyA jinake pudagla Aja bhI eka sAdhaka hRdaya ko AMdolita karate hue anugUMjita ho rahe haiM - uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare hi 2010_03

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0 saMyama meM parAkrama durlabha hai| 0 dhana se dharma nahIM hotaa| 0 jo jAnatA hai, maiM nahIM marUMgA, vahI kala kI icchA kara sakatA hai| 0 jIvana vidyut kI camaka ke samAna caMcala hai| 0 manuSyoM meM aneka abhiprAya hote haiN| 0 mana duSTa azva hai| jIvana ke yahI zAzvata-satya sUktiyoM meM gumphita haiN| zakti se nyAya jIvana meM saphalatA kA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai purussaarth| 'Na hu vIriyaparihINo, pavatatte NANamAdIsu'-vIrya se hIna jJAna Adi meM bhI pravRtta nahIM ho sktaa| nirvIryaH kiM kariSyasi? isaliye kahA gayA - 'vIriyaM puNa dullahaM' uttara. 3/10 puruSArtha atyaMta durlabha hai| dhana se dharma nahIM dhana se kabhI dharma nahIM kharIdA jA sakatA'dhaNeNa kiM dhammadhurAhigAre' uttara. 14/17 dharma kI dhurA ko vahana karane ke adhikAra meM dhana se kyA? 'attho mUlaM aNatthANaM21- artha to anartha kA mUla hai| mRtyu : eka zAzvata satya janma aura mRtyu kA gaThabaMdhana hai| mRtyu eka aisA tathya hai, jise koI TAla nahIM sktaa| bhoga meM Asakta manuSya ke lie vaha eka aisA bhayAvaha satya hai, jise manuSya sadA bhUle rahane kI viDambanA se apane ko jor3e rakhatA hai| ataeva mRtyu kI anivAryatA, aparihAryatA kA smaraNa karAne ke lie vyaMgyAtmaka zailI me kavi kahatA hai - 'jo jANe na marissAmi so hu kaMkhe sue siyA' uttara. 14/27 jo jAnatA ho - maiM nahIM marUMgA, vahI kala kI icchA kara sakatA hai| bhAsa isa satya ko prastuta karate hue kahate haiM - 62 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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'kaH kaM zakto rakSituM mRtyukAle 26 mRtyu kA samaya upasthita hone para kauna kise bacA sakatA hai? kAla hara samaya uThA letA hai, bur3hApe kI pratIkSA nahIM karatA 'nityaM harati kAlo hi sthAvirya na prtiiksste|'27 AI huI mRtyu ko TAlA nahIM jA sakatA-yaha zAzvata satya isa sUkti meM prasphuTita huA hai| kSaNabhaMguratA jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA saMdeza de rahI hai yaha paMkti'jIviyaM ceva rUvaM ca vijjusaMpAyacaMcalaM' uttara. 18/13 jIvana aura saundarya bijalI kI camaka ke samAna caMcala hai| isI bAta kI puSTi padmapurANa meM draSTavya hai - jalabudbudvatkAyaH sAreNa privrjitH| vidhullatAvilAsena sadRSaM jIvitaM clm||28 zarIra pAnI ke bulabule ke samAna niHsAra hai tathA yaha jIvana vidyut ke samAna caMcala hai| abhiprAya-vaicitrya saMsAra meM bhinna-bhinna prakati tathA bhinna-bhinna vicAra vAle prANI hote haiN| mAnava mana eka jaTila pahelI hai 'aNegachandA imANavehiM' uttara. 21/16 saMsAra meM manuSyoM meM aneka abhiprAya/vicAra hote haiN| vicAroM ko jAna pAnA kaThina kArya hai| kavi isakI durUhatA kA varNana karate hue kahate haiM 'vicitrarUpAH khalu cittavRttayaH29 citta kI vRttiyAM vicitra rUpoM vAlI haiN| isI se ruci-vaividhya dRSTigocara hotA haiM- 'bhinna rucirhi lokaH'40 loga bhinna-bhinna rUciyoM vAle haiN| bhinna rUci aura bhinna-bhinna saMskAroM ke kAraNa manovicAra eka se nahIM hote| caMcala citta jIvana ke prAyaH samagra kArya-kalApoM kA mukhya AdhAra mana hai| vyakti uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 63 2010_03

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jo kucha karatA hai, usake mana meM eka citra jaisA prArUpa utpanna hotA hai| mana kI naisargika vRtti caMcalatA hai| jaba mana para viveka kA aMkuza nahIM rahatA to ucchRkhalacitta bar3e se bar3A bigAr3a kara detA hai| isalie mana ko duSTa azva se upamita karate hue kavi kahate haiM maNo sAhasio bhiimo| duTThasso pridhaavii| uttara. 23/58 yaha jo sAhasika, bhayaMkara, duSTa-azva daur3a rahA hai, vaha mana hai| 'manazcalaM prakRtyaiva - mana prakRti se hI caMcala hai| zUdraka ne bhI mana ko una azvoM kI tulanA meM rakhA hai jo tIvratA se bhAganA cAhate haiM - 'vegaM karoti turagastvaritaM pryaatuN'|42 dhammapada meM kahA hai- 'phandanaM capalaM cittaM, durakkhaM dunnivArayaM'43- yaha citta spandanazIla hai, capala-asthira hai, ise dekha pAnA kaThina hai tathA yaha durnivArya hai| vyaktitva-vikAsa vikAsa ke isa yuga meM vyakti apane vyaktitva kA vikAsa karanA cAhatA hai| prasAdhanoM se bAhya vyaktitva ko AkarSaka banA letA hai kintu Antarika vyaktitva, andara kA saundarya kaise nikhareM? usake mAnadaMDa haiM - 1. samyak dRSTikoNa 2. samyak vicAra 3. samyak AcAra 4. samyak vyavahAra uttarAdhyayana ke pravaktA ne sUktiyoM ke mAdhyama se vyaktitva-vikAsa ke bhI sUtra diye haiN| 1. samyak dRSTikoNa mithyA dRSTikoNa kI zilA ko tor3ane ke lie samyak dRSTikoNa eka sazakta zastra hai| usase AdhyAtmika samRddhi prApta hotI hai| phira vyakti apanI bhUla dekhatA hai, dUsaroM ke chidra nhiiN| pariSkAra kaba? sudhAra kA prathama caraNa hai apanI galatI kA svIkaraNakaDaM kaDe tti bhAsejjA, akaDaM no kaDe tti ya // uttara. 1/11 .. akaraNIya kiyA ho to 'kiyA' aura nahIM kiyA ho to 'nahIM kiyA' . kheN| vyaktitva-vikAsa kI isase adhika preraka ukti kyA ho sakatI hai? 64 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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kaise dekheM? adhyAtma sAdhaka apane ko dekhatA hai, dUsaroM ko nahIM, isI kA saMketa hai- 'na siyA tottagavesae' uttara. 1/40 chidrAnveSI na hoN| 2. samyak vicAra jaina darzana kA rAjaprAsAda bhAva para AdhArita hai| bhAva vicAra kA pravartaka hai| vicAra bAMdhate haiM, vicAra hI bhaTakAte haiM aura vicAra hI navIna jIvana kA setu banate haiN| Avazyaka hai samyak vicArakaba boleM 'nApuTTho vAgare kiMci' uttara. 1/14 binA pUche kucha bhI na boleN| manusmRti meM isI ke samakakSa sUkti prApta hotI hai - 'nApRSTaH kasyacid brUyAt 94 binA pUche kisI ke bIca meM nahIM bolanA caahie| mAyA kA varjana bhASA ke doSoM ke parihAra kA nirdeza dete hue kahA gayA - 'mAyaM ca vajjae sayA' uttara. 1/24 mAyA kA sadA varjana kreN| mAyA-kapaTa yukta bhASA sadoSa hai, durgati kA kAraNa hai| ataH mAyA kA AcaraNa tyAjya hai| 3. samyak AcAra hamAre vyaktitva kI ujalI tasavIra hamArA apanA AcAra hai| samyak AcAra hI lakSyaprApti meM sahAyaka banatA hai| anuzAsana kA aMgIkAra zAsana vahI kara sakatA hai jisane anuzAsana kA jIvana jIyA hai| vikAsa ke lie anivArya hai anuzAsana ko sahane kI shkti| isI ora iMgita karatI hai yaha paMkti uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 65 2010_03

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'aNusAsio na kuppejjA' uttara. 1/9 anuzAsita hone para krodha na kreN| sadAcAra ke mAnaka kSudratA asad bhAva hai| isake kAraNa dUsare avaguNa samvardhita hote haiN| kSudra vyakti svayaM bhI sAdhanA meM pragati nahIM kara sakatA, dUsaroM ko bhI nahIM karane detaa| vaha svabhAva se hI asaMyata tathA ucchaMkhala vRtti kA hotA hai| ataH Agama-kAra vaise vyaktiyoM se dUra rahane kI preraNA dete haiM khuDDehiM saha saMsaggiM, hAsaM kIDaM ca vjje| uttara. 1/9 kSudra vyaktiyoM ke sAtha saMsarga, hAsya aura krIr3A na kreN| 4. samyak vyavahAra saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI ke sAtha samyak vyavahAra ke lie Avazyaka hai- AvazyakatA se adhika na boleM, samaya kA aMkana kreN| mitabhASitA vyavahAra aura nIti kA kSetra vizAla hai| jIvana ke hara kSetra meM unakA praveza saMbhava hai| adhika bolane kI manovRtti para prahAra karate hue kahA gayA - 'bahuyaM mA ya Alave' uttara. 1/10 bahuta na boleN| isa saMdarbha meM bANa kA yaha kathana bahuta mArmika hai - 'bahubhASiNo na zraddadhAti lokaH45 bahuta bolane vAle para saMsAra vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| dainika vyavahAra meM atibhASI ke prati auroM kA vyavahAra badala jAtA hai, isa vyavahArika tathya ke sAtha mitabhASitA apanAne kI nIti kA nidarzana 'bahuyaM mA ya Alave' sUkti se huA hai| samaya jIvana meM vyavasthA, niyamana evaM anuzAsana apekSita hai| avyavasthita, aniyamita, ananuzAsita jIvana kabhI hitAvaha va sukhAvaha nahIM hotaa| zramaNa ke lie to atyanta Avazyaka hai ki usakA pratyeka kArya sunizcita samaya para ho| samaya kI mahattA kA gAna sIdhI, saTIka bhASA meM kAle kAlaM samAyare' uttara. 1/31 66 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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jo kArya jisa samaya kA ho, use usI samaya kre| kosiya jAtaka meM kahA gayAkAle nikkhamaNA sAdhu, nAkAle sAdhu nikkhamo akAlena hi nikkhamma, ekakampi bahujano / na kiMci atthaM joteti, dhayasenA va kosiy|| 5 sAdhu samaya para niSkramaNa kare, asamaya meM nhiiN| akAla meM jAne se ekAkI ko bahujana mAra girAte haiN| samaya kA mahattva hara cintaka aura manISaNI apane-apane DhaMga se pratipAdita karate haiN| uttarAdhyayanakAra ne samaya ke aMkana ko sUkti ke dvArA jIvana ke paryAya ke rUpa meM 'dumapattayaM adhyayana kI gAthAoM ke sAtha prastuta kiyA - 'samayaM goyama! mA pamAyae, uttara. 10/1 he gautama! tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kr| samaya ke mahattva ko ujAgara karate hue gautama ke mAdhyama se jAgarUkatA kA saMdeza prANiyoM ko dene ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne eka hI adhyayana meM chattIsa bAra isa sUkti kA prayoga kiyaa| cANakya sUtra meM ise isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA - 'kSaNaM prati kAlavikSepaM na kuryAt sarvakRtyeSu 47 manuSya sabhI kAryoM meM kSaNa mAtra bhI vilamba na kreN| sAdhanA kI ora manuSya ke bhItara anaMta sukha hai, kintu una para AvaraNa AyA huA hai| usa sukha ko dekhane ke, prApta karane ke daravAje baMda haiN| usake liye sAdhanA kI ora agrasara hone kI AvazyakatA hai| hamArI indriyAM jo bahirmukhatA kI ora bhAga rahI haiM, sAdhanA ke dvArA unheM antarmukhatA meM laayeN| indriyoM kI dizA badaleM taba daravAje khulate najara aaeNge| prajJA, zraddhA, anAsakti Adi apanA varcasva sthApita kara baMda daravAjoM ko kholane kA prayAsa karatI haiN| taba hotA hai AvaraNa se anAvaraNa kI ora prsthaan| tyAjya haiM krodha asat kA varjana aura sat kA svIkaraNa hI dhArmika jIvana kI AdhAra-zilA hai| yahI zreyas kA mArga hai| krodha apanI zakti se saMsAra ko uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 2010_03

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aisA andhA aura baharA banA detA hai ki vidvAna aura mahAna vyakti bhI ucita-anucita ke vicAra se rahita ho jAte haiN| usa avasthA meM manuSya vinAzakArI dRSTi apanAtA hai| ataeva kalyANa-patha kA kaMTaka krodha AgamakAra kI dRSTi se tyAjya hai 'kohaM asaccaM kuvejjA' uttara. 1/14 / / krodha ko viphala kreN| bANa ke zabdoM meM'na hi kopakaluSitA vimRzati matiH karttavyamakarttavyaM vA18 krodha se mailI buddhi karaNIya yA akaraNIya kA vicAra nahIM kara sktii| krodha aura sukha kI abhilASA sAtha nahIM raha sakatI-'jvalayati mahatAM manAMsyamarSe na hi labhate'vasaraM sukhaabhilaassH| krodha ke duSpariNAmoM ko dekhate hue sUkti-saMdeza hai ki krodha A bhI jAe to use saphala nahIM hone deM, prakaTa hone kA avasara na deN| 'uvasameNa haNe kohaM' upazama se krodha kA hanana kreN| dveSa se uparata dveSa aura rAga- ye karma ke bIja hai, Atmadharma ke bAdhaka tattva haiN| dUsaroM ke dvArA parISaha utpanna kie jAne para bhI muni apane citta ko malina na banAeM apitu AtmaramaNa meM lIna rhe| 'mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM baMdhamokSayoH' sAdhaka ko mana kI sajagatA kA saMdeza detA hai ye kathana 'maNaM pi na paosae' uttara. 2/11 / / mana meM bhI dveSa na laae| atharvaveda meM kahA gayA-'mA no dvikSat kazcana' 10 vizva meM mujhase koI bhI dveSa na kreN| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba hama mana meM bhI kisI ke prati dveSa na laae| rAga aura dveSa kA akSaNa hI taTasthatA kA kSaNa hai, dhyAna kA kSaNa hai| ataH sAdhanA kI dRSTi se isa sUkti kA apanA mUlya hai| zraddhA zraddhA eka aisA antarvizrAma hai, jisakA Azraya zAnti kA anubhava karAtA hai| tarka, cintana Adi kA paripAka zraddhA meM prasphuTita na ho to kriyAnvayana kI bhUmikA prApta nahIM hotI aura usake binA jIvana kA lakSya 68 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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nahIM sdhtaa| zraddhA sAdhaka jIvana kA AdhAra hai, saphalatA kI jananI hai aura lakSya taka pahuMcane kA prakRSTa pAtheya hai| zraddhA ko siddhi taka banAye rakhanA kaThina hai| zraddhA parama Avazyaka hote hue bhI parama durlabha hai, isa tathya ko abhivyaMjita karate hue kavi kahate haiM 'saddhA paramadullahA' uttara. 3/9 zraddhA parama durlabha hai| zraddhA kI mahimA sarvatra anugUjita hai| satya kI prApti zraddhA se hotI hai| zraddhA ke mahattva ke viSaya meM AcArya mahAprajJa kA ciMtana hai-'zraddhA svAdo na khalu rasito hAritaM tena janmA apramattatA pramAda kA artha hai - apane svarUpa kI vismRti| mUla svarUpa meM sthira rahanA apramAda hai| sAdhanA ke patha para ArUr3ha sAdhaka kA patha jAgaraNa kA patha hai, utthAna kA patha hai| usameM yadi jarA bhI zaithilya, asAvadhAnI A jAye sArA kArya caupaTa ho jAtA hai| lakSya ke vedhana ke lie karttavya patha para sthira rahanA Avazyaka hai| ataH apekSita hai prajJAzIla sadA jAgarUka rahe - 'bhAraMDapakkhI va carappamatto' uttara. 4/6 bhAraNDa pakSI kI bhAMti apramatta hokara vicaraNa kreN| apramattatA kA saMdeza lagabhaga sabhI darzanoM ne diyA hai| 'sve gaye jAgRhyaprayucchan' arthAt kisI bhI prakAra kA pramAda na karate hue apane ghara meM sadA jAgRta rhe| muNDakopaniSad meM kahA hai- 'apramattena veddhavyaM zaravattanmayo bhaveta'" bANa ke samAna tanmaya hokara pUrNa sAvadhAnI ke sAtha lakSya kA vedhana karanA caahie| tAtparya hai-parama ke sAkSAtkAra ke lie apramAda zreSTha sAdhana hai| sAdhanA kA vighna : kAma-bhoga kAma vikRti janaka hai| kAma-bhogoM se moha utpanna hotA hai| moha se vaiSayika Asakti bar3hatI hai| vyakti apanA bhAna bhUla jAtA hai| kAma-bhoga janma-maraNa ke saMvardhaka, mokSa ke vipakSI tathA anartho kI khAna hai| ataH kahA gayA 'savve kAmA duhAvahA' uttara. 13/16 saba kAma-bhoga duHkhakara hai| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 69 2010_03

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mokSa - -sukha meM kAma bhoga bAdhaka haiN| - theragAthA isakA pramANa hai- 'mA appakassa hetu kAma sukhassa vipulaM jahi sukhaM" ,55 lie vipula sukha ko mata gNvaao| ,56 asivisUpamA' kI taraha haiN| satya kAma kA kIcar3a dustara hai| 'kAmAkaTukA 'kAmapaMko duraccayo' * kAmabhoga kaTuka haiN| ve AzIviSa sarpa ke bhayAvaha viSa ,57 ---- 1-tuccha vaiSayika sukha sAdhaka ke lie vANI kA samyak prayoga bahuta Avazyaka hai| satya saMsAra kA sAra hai| uttarAdhyayana kA RSi satya bolane kA nirdeza detA hai - 'bhAsiyavvaM hiyaM saccaM uttara. 19 / 26 ,58 hitakArI satya vacana bolanA caahie| atharvaveda meM kahA 'asannastvAsata indravaktA' he indra! asatya bhASaNa karane vAlA asatya / lupta hI ho jAtA hai| manusmRti meM isI bAta kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai satyaM brUyAt priyaM brUyAt na brUyAt stympriym| priyaM ca nAnRtaM brUyAdeSa dharmaH sanAtanaH || ' 59 yogazAstra meM bhI kahA gayA asatyavacanaM prAjJaH pramAdenApi no vadet / zreyAMsi yena bhajyante vAtyeva mahAdrumAH || .60 -- 70 prAjJa ko pramAdavaza asatyavacana nahI bolanA cAhie kyoMki asatya se kalyANa kA vaisA hI nAza hotA hai, jaise AMdhI se bar3e-bar3e vRkSoM kA na hyasatyAt paro dharma iti hovAca bhUriyam / sarva soDhumalaM manye Rte'lIkaparaM naram || 61 ke - pRthvI ne kahA ki asatya se bar3hakara koI adharma nahIM hai| maiM saba kucha sahane meM samartha hUM, para asatya bhASI kA bhAra mujhase nahIM sahA jAtA hai / anAsakti 2010_03 indriya-viSayoM ke prati anAsakta bhAva tathA padArtha ke prati mamatva kA parityAga anAsakti hai| anAsakti se citta kI prasannatA, nirmalatA tathA uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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parama saMtoSa kA udaya hotA hai| aisA vIrya va utsAha prApta hotA hai ki usake lie koI kArya duSkara nahIM rahatA iha loe nippivAsassa, natthi kiMci vi dukkaraM / uttara. 19/44 isa loka meM jo pipAsA rahita hai, anAsakta hai, usake lie kucha bhI duSkara nahIM hai| duHkha kA mUla atula vIrya evaM zaurya kI pradAtrI anAsakti ke pariNAma se sabhI duHkha dUra ho jAte haiN| racanAkAra kA spaSTa udghoSa hai ki Asakti sabhI duHkhoM kA mUla hai. 'kAmANugidvipyabhavaM khu dukkhaM' uttara. 32 / 19 kAmabhogoM kI abhilASA se duHkha utpanna hotA hai| sahiSNutA lAbha-alAbha, sukha-duHkha, zIta-uSNa Adi dvandvoM meM sama rahanA, inheM sahana karanA sahiSNutA hai| inameM eka rUpa rahegA vahI mokSa mArga kI ora Age bar3ha sakatA hai| isalie kahA gayA hai 'piyamappiyaM savva titikkhajjA' uttara. 21/15 bhikSu priya aura apriya saba kucha she| bhAravi ne sahana karane ko saba dRSTi se siddhi-pradAna karane vAlA kahA hai 'na titikSAsamamasti sAdhanam' ,62 - sahanazIlatA jaisA koI anya sAdhana nhiiN| bANa ne 'kSamA hi mUlaM sarvatapasAm' 2 - saba tapasyAoM kA mUla kSamA ko mAnA / ,63 prajJA dharma kA sambandha prajJA se hai| prajJAhIna puruSArtha dvArA dharma ke yathArtha svarUpa kA Akalana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| uttarAdhyayana ke karttA ne isakA sahI aMkana kiyA hai - 'paNNA samikkha dhammaM' uttara. 23/25 dharma kI samIkSA prajJA se hotI hai| suttanipAta meM prajJAmaya jIvana ko hI zreSTha jIvana kahA hai- 'paJAjIviM jIvitamAhu setttth|' ,64 uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 2010_03 71

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'prajJA suttavinicchanI'65-prajJA dvArA zruta kA vizeSa nizcaya hotA hai| bAdhaka hai sneha sneha arthAt cipknaa| jahAM cipakanA hai, vahAM saMkIrNatA hai| saMkIrNatA se mUla rUpa vilupta ho jAtA hai| isalie mamatva bhAva kA bhedana kie binA mukti saMbhava nhiiN| kyoMki_ 'nehapAsA bhayaMkarA' uttara. 23/43 sneha bhayaMkara pAza hai| 'snehamUlAni duHkhAni 66 sneha duHkha kA mUla kAraNa hai| suttanipAta meM kahA 'saMgo eso parittamettha saukhyaM appa'sAdo dukkhamettha bhiyyo'67 sneha duHkha prasUti kA hetu hai| yaha saMga sImita sukha dene vAlA hai, alpa-svAda hai, vipula duHkhaprada hai| prazasta sneha bhI AtmA kI mukti meM bAdhaka hai| mahAvIra ke prati gautama kA sneha hI gautama kI kevalajJAna kI prApti meM bAdhaka bnaa| viktavAsa muni kI sAdhanA kI pUrNatA evaM bhikSu jIvana kI saphalatA ekAntavAsa para nirbhara hai - 'vivittavAso muNiNaM pasattho' uttara. 32/16 muniyoM ke lie viviktavAsa prazasta kahA gayA hai| jaina siddhAMta jaina darzana vItarAgatA kA darzana hai| isalie jaina darzana ko AtmavAda, karmavAda Adi kucha aise siddhAMta virAsata meM mile haiM, jo apanI maulika vizeSatA rakhate haiN| karmavAda kI gaharAI meM jAkara hama apane Apako samajha sakate haiM to dUsarI ora svayaM satya kI khoja ke dvArA amUrta AtmA kA pratyakSIkaraNa bhI kara sakate hai| uttarAdhyayanakAra ne aise gahana siddhAntoM ko sUktiyoM ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA hai| avinAzI AtmA maharSi yAska ne AtmA zabda ko 'atati satataM gacchati vyApnoti vA 72 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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AtmA'68 jo satata gatimAna va sarvavyApI hai, vaha AtmA hai| AtmA kA kabhI mAza nahIM hotaa| isalie Akroza, hanana, mAraNa Adi ke prasaMga meM bhikSu ko AtmA kI amaratA kA saMdeza dete hue kahA gayA - _ 'natthi jIvassa nAso tti' uttara. 2/27 AtmA kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| kAThakopaniSat meM kahA gayA-'nAyaM hanti na hanyate'59 - yaha AtmA na maratA hai na mArA jAtA hai| racanAkAra ke isa tathya kI tulanA gItA ke isa zloka se bhI kara sakate hai na jAyate mriyate vA kadAcit nAyaMbhUtvA bhavitA vA na bhuuyH| ajo nityaH zAzvato'yaM purANo na hanyate hanyamAne shriire||70 yaha AtmA na janmatA hai na maratA hai| eka bAra astitva meM Ane ke bAda kabhI samApta nahIM hotaa| yaha ajanmA, zAzvata, nitya aura purAtana hai| zarIra ke mAre jAne para bhI nahIM mrtaa| karma 'kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi' uttara. 4/3 kie hue karmoM kA phala bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| kAlidAsa aura bANabhaTTa ne bhI isa dArzanika tathya ko svIkArA hai - 'paralokajuSAM svakarmabhirgatayo bhinnapathA hi dehinAm'71 -paraloka pAne vAle manuSyoM kI gatiyAM apane-apane karma ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna mArga vAlI hotI haiN| bANabhaTTa kahate haiM-kie hue apane karma ke pariNAma se koI baca nahIM sakatA 'AtmakRtAnAM hi doSANAM niyatamanubhavitavyaM phlmaatmnaiv|'72 svayaM kie hue doSoM kA phala bhI svayaM ko hI avazya anubhava karanA par3atA hai-'avazyameva bhoktavyaM kRtaM karma zubhAzubham' isa lokokti se yaha sUkti tulanIya hai| AgamakAra ne karma para bala diyA hai| karmavAda ke prasaMga meM 'vatso vindati mAtaraM' kI ukti ko spaSTa karane vAlI sUkti hai 'kattAramevaM aNujAi kamma' uttara. 13/23 karma kartA kA anugamana karatA hai| kRta-karma ke anusAra prANI akelA hI sukha-duHkha kA saMvedana karatA uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 73 2010_03

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hai| 'na hi nassati kassaci kammaM, eti ha naM labhateva suvAmi'72 kisI kA kRta-karma naSTa nahIM hotA, samaya para kartA ko vaha prApta hotA hI hai| upaniSadkAra kA kahanA hai yathAkArI yathAcArI tathA bhavati- sAdhukArI sAdhurbhavati, pApakArI pApo bhavati, puNyaH puNyena karmaNA bhavati pApaH paapen| jo jaisA AcaraNa karatA hai vaha vaisA hI ho jAtA hai| sAdhu karma karane vAlA sAdhu aura pApa karma karane vAlA pApI ho jAtA hai| upazAMta kaSAya saMyama jIvana apanAne vAle hara saMnyAsI ke guNoM kI vizeSatA kavi ne dikhAyI hai mahappasAyA isiNo hvNti| na hu muNI kovaparA hvNti| uttara. 12/32 RSi mahAna prasannacitta hote haiN| muni kopa nahIM kiyA krte| kaba saMbhava hai AtmA kA pratyakSIkaraNa sAdhya ke anurUpa hI sAdhana kI apekSA hotI hai| mUrtta indriyoM ke sAdhana se amUrta AtmA kA darzana kaise saMbhava hai? isI vivakSA se AtmA kI amUrtatA kI abhivyakti AgamakAra ke zabdoM meM 'no iMdiyagejjha amuttabhAvA' uttara.14/19 / AtmA amUrta hai isalie indriyoM ke dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| indriyAM mUrta dravya kA hI grahaNa karatI haiN| AtmA amUrta hai ataH indriyoM kA viSaya nahIM hai| AtmA svayaM adraSTa hai para sabako dekhatA hai-kahakara vyakta kiyA gyaa| mahAbhArata meM ise 'na hyatmA zakyate draSTumindriyaiH kAmagocaraiH'71 AtmA kA indriyoM dvArA darzana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA-isa prakAra prastuta kiyA gyaa| AtmA hI svayaM kA nAtha hai 'appaNA aNAho saMto kahaM nAho bhavissasi?' uttara. 20/12 svayaM anAtha hote hue dUsaroM ke nAtha kaise hooge? yaha pada dhammapada se tulanIya hai 74 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03 .

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'attAhi attano nAtho, ko hi nAtho pare siyA?'76 ApakI apanI AtmA hI apanA nAtha hai, dUsarA kauna usakA nAtha ho sakatA hai? varNa-vyavasthA kavi apane saMcita anubhavoM ko samAja taka pahuMcAne ke lie bhI sUkti kA prayoga karatA hai| bhAratIya samAja meM varNa-vyavasthA kA pracalana bahuta prAcIna samaya se hai| varNa-vyavasthA ko pUrNa mAnyatA prApta thI, parantu jahAM karma karane kA prazna hai, vaha varNa-vyavasthA ke anusAra ho, yaha AgamakAra kI dRSTi se Avazyaka nhiiN| kyoMki vyakti kA anubhava, usakI zaktiyAM, usakA caritra pramANa hotA hai| ataH AgamakAra ne janmanA jAtivAda ke virUddha yaha svara mukhara kiyA kammuNA baMbhaNo hoi, kammuNA hoi khttio| vaisso kammuNA hoi, suddo havai kmmunnaa| uttara. 25/31 manuSya karma se brAhmaNa hotA hai, karma se kSatriya hotA hai, karma se vaizya hotA hai aura karma se hI zUdra hotA hai| karmaNA jAti vyavasthA ko dhammapada bhI svIkAra karatA hai na jaTAhi na gottehi na jaccA hoti braahmnno| yamhi saccaca dhammo ca so sucI so ca braahmnno|| bhAsa kI sUkti- 'akAraNa rUpamakAraNaM kulaM, mahatsu nIcesu cakarma zobhate-rUpa aura kula se kyA? karma hI mahAna aura nIca meM zobhita hotA hai| bhAsa kA yaha vicAra uttarAdhyayanakAra kI uparyukta sUkti se tulanIya hai| cAritra se pUrva lakSyaprApti ke lie cAritra Avazyaka hai| kintu yadi dRSTikoNa yathArtha nahIM hai to jJAna yathArtha nahIM hogA aura jJAna ke yathArtha nahIM hone para cAritra yathArtha nahIM hogaa| isalie uttarAdhyayana meM cAritra se darzana kI prAthamikatA batAte hue kahA gayA ki 'natthi carittaM-sammattavihUNaM' uttara, 28/29 samyaktva vihIna cAritra nahIM hotaa| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 2010_03

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lobha dharatI va AsamAna ke bIca rahane vAlA manuSya sArI dharatI aura AsamAna para apanA Adhipatya cAhatA hai| yaha icchA lobha ko janma detI hai| lobha rUpI andhakAra se AvRta manuSya kI vivekacetanA supta rahatI hai| ataH vaha karaNIya aura akaraNIya ko nahIM jAnatA huA cora-kArya meM pravRtta hotA hai - 'lobhAvile AyayaI adattaM' uttara. 32/29 lobha se kaluSita AtmA corI meM pravRtta hotI hai| itivRttaka se yaha tulanIya haiM luddho atthaM na jAnAti, luddho dhammaM na pssti| andhatamaM tadA hoti, yaM lAbho sahate nrN|| lobhI na paramArtha ko samajhatA hai, na dharma ko| vaha to dhana ko hI saba kucha samajhatA hai| usake bhItara gahana andhakAra chAyA rahatA hai| isa prakAra ina sUktiyoM ke mAdhyama se uttarAdhyayana kA sraSTA pAThaka ke hRdaya meM aisI bhAvanAeM jagAnA cAhatA hai, jo use manuSya jIvana kI durlabhatA kA jJAna karAe tathA dhArmika AsthA utpanna kara zAzvata sukha kI ora agrasara kreN| sUktiyoM meM kavi kI yaha preraNA mukharita ho uThI hai| aise tattvoM kA pratipAdana huA hai, jisase jIvana udAtta evaM lakSya kI ora agrasara hotA hai| siddhAMtoM kI puSTi, mAnavIya-manobhAva, upadeza va AcaraNa vizeSa ke aucitya kI siddhi dvArA abhivyakti ko sakSama banAne meM sUktiyoM kA prayoga kara kavi ne apane uddezya meM saphalatA prApta kI hai| muhAvare lAkSaNika yA vyaMgyArtha meM rUr3ha vAkya athavA vAkyAMza ke prayoga ko muhAvarA kahate haiN| yaha mUlataH arabI bhASA kA eka zabda hai| kAvya meM muhAvaroM kA prayoga arthagata camatkAra utpanna karatA hai tathA bhASA ko prabhAvazAlI banAtA hai| jaba vaktA yA lekhaka apane bhAvoM kI apekSita abhivyakti meM sAmAnya prayoga tathA sAmAnya bhASA ko asamartha pAtA hai to vaha sAmAnya prayoga kI kArA ko tor3akara vicalana karatA hai| naye muhAvaroM kA janma isI vicalana se hotA hai|deg uttarAdhyayana kI kAvya bhASA adhyAtma cetanA kI nidarzaka hai, para 76 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03 .

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kahIM-kahIM muhAvaroM ke mAdhyama se racanAkAra kI lokadharmI kAvyabhASA kI jhalaka bhI prApta hotI hai| yathA1. 'giriM nahehiM khaNaha'"(nakhoM se parvata khodanA) isa bhikSu kA apamAna - kara rahe ho, tuma nakhoM se parvata khoda rahe ho| 2. 'jAyateyaM pAehi haNaha'82 (pairoM se agni pratAr3ita karanA) pairoM se agni ko pratAr3ita kara rahe ho| 3. 'bAhAhiM sAgaro ceva tariyavvo guNoyahI'83 (bhajAoM se sAgara tairanA) bhujAoM se sAgara ko tairanA jaise kaThina kArya hai vaise hI guNodadhi saMyama ko tairanA kaThina kArya hai| 4. 'vAluyAkavale ceva nirassAe u saMjame'84 (bAlU ke kora kI taraha svAda rahita) saMyama bAlU ke kora kI taraha svAda rahita hai! 5. 'asidhArAgamaNaM ceva' (talavAra kI dhAra para calanA) tapa kA AcaraNa karanA talavAra kI dhAra para calane jaisA hai| 6. 'ahivegaMtadiTThIe'86 (sAMpa kI taraha ekAgradRSTi) cAritra kA pAlana sAMpa kI ekAgradRSTi ke samAna kaThina hai| 7. 'javA lohamayA ceva cAveyavvAsudukkaraM'7-(lohe ke canoM ko cabAnA) lohe ke canoM ko cabAnA jaise kaThina hai vaise hI caritra kA pAlana kaThina hai| 8. 'jahA aggisihA dittA pAuM hoi sudakkaraM' (prajvalita agni-SikhA pInA) jaise prajvalita agnizikhA ko pInA bahuta hI kaThina hai vaise hI yauvana meM zramaNa-dharma kA pAlana karanA kaThina hai| 'jahA dukkhaM bhareuM je hoi vAyassa kotthalo (vastra ke thaile ko havA se bharanA) jaise vastra ke thaile ko havA se bharanA kaThina kArya hai vaise hI sattvahIna vyakti ke lie zramaNa-dharma kA pAlana kaThina kArya hai| 10. 'jahA tulAe toleuM dukkaraM maMdaro girI'9deg (merU-parvata ko tarAjU se tolanA) jaise merU-parvata ko tarAjU se tolanA bahuta kaThina hai vaise hI nizcala aura nirbhaya bhAva se zramaNa-dharma kA pAlana karanA bahuta kaThina hai| ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke muhAvare mAnava-mana ko saMdarbho kI gaharAI kI anubhUti karAne meM sakSama haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 77 2010_03

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sandarbha 1. gItA rahasya, pR. 435 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. - zrImad bhAgavata kI stutiyoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 232 DaoN. vidyA - nivAsa mizra, rIti-vijJAna, pR. 57 kAvyabimba, pR.7-8 sAhityazAstra, pR. 469 saMskRta dhAtukoSa pR. 36 Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 482 : lAdesu a uvasaggA, ghorA........ lADhAsu janapade gataH tatra ghorA upasargA abhavan / bRhadvRtti, patra 494 : 'lADhe' tti sadanuSThAnatayA pradhAnaH / uttarAdhyayana cUrNa, pR. 1956 : yathA'sau pakSI taM patrabhAraM samAdAya gacchati evamupakaraNaM bhikSurAdAya NiravekkhI parivvae / 10. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR. 182 : bahUNaM duppayacauppadapakkhINaM ca / 11. nizItha pIThikA bhASya cUrNi, pR. 495 78 12. bRhadvRtti, patra 400 13. bRhadvRtti, patra 447 : 'ziraM' ti zira iva ziraH sarvajagaduparivartitayA mokSaH / 14. bRhadvRtti, patra 456, 457 15. bRhadvRtti, patra 553 16. Poetic Process, Page 145 17. "The term image is - For a purely mental idea, being observed by the eye of mind," Ens. Of Britannica 12. 103. 18. Imagry and what it tell us p. 9. 19. (ka) kAvyazAstra, pR. 244 / / tato bhagavAn (kha) Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba - vidhAna pR. 23 / 20. kAvyabimba, pR. 5 / 21. bhavAnIprasAda mizra kI kAvyabhASA kA zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana, pR. 154 22. rAjazekhara, karpUramaMjarI 1/7/ 23. 'suityabhipUjitArthe' nirukta, 1/3 / 24. 'su pUjAyAM bhRSArthAnumati - cchrasamRddhiSu' medinIkoSa, avyayavarga 79 pR. 185 / 25. saMskRta dhAtukoSa, pR. 109 / 26. jJAnArNava, pIThikA, 8 / 27. dasaveAliyaM 4 / sU. 4 / 28. zramaNasUtra, 30/3| 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana

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lh bh sh 29. paTisammidAmaggo 1/1/1/66 / 30. padmapurANa, 5/18/438 / 31. saundaranandakAvya, 18/30 / 32. harSacarita, tRtIya ucchavAsa, pR. 163 / 33. kumArasaMbhava, 5/64 / 34. kAThakopaniSat, 1/27/ 35. maraNasamAdhi, 603 / 36. svapnavAsavadattam 6/10 / 37. saundarananda, 15/62 / 38. padmapurANa, 5/237/ 39. kirAtArjunIya, 1/37) 40. raghuvaMza, 6/30 // 41. harSa ratnAvalI, 3/2 / 42. mRcchakaTika, 5/8 / 43. dhammapada, 3/1 44. manusmRti, 2/110| 45. kAdambarI, pR. 426 / 46. kosiyajAtaka, 226 / 47. cANakyasUtrANi, 109 / 48. harSacarita, 1 pR. 12, paM. 15/ 49. kirAtArjunIya, 10/62 / 50. atharvaveda, 12/1/23 / 51. 'zraddhayA satyamApyate' yajurveda, 19/30 / 52. azruvINA, 4 53. atharvaveda, 22/6/8 / 54. muNDakopaniSad 2/2/4 / 55. theragAthA 508 / 56. suttanipAta, 53/11 57. theragAthA, 451 58. atharvaveda, 8/24 kA/8| 59. manusmRti, 4/138| 60. yogazAstra, 2/58 / 61. zrImadbhAgavata, 8/20/4 / 62. kirAtArjunIya, 2/43 / uttarAdhyayana meM pratIka, bimba, sUkti evaM muhAvare 79 2010_03

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WWW 63. harSacarita, prathama ucchvAsa, pR. 21 / 64. suttanipAta, 1 /10/2 / 65. theragAthA, 554 / 66. mahAbhArata, vnprv-2/28| 67. suttanipAta 1/3/27/ 68. bhAratIya-darzana paribhASA koSa, pR. 42 / 69. kAThakopaniSat, 1/2/19 / 70. bhagavadgItA, 2/20| 71. raghuvaMza, 8/85 / 72. kAdambarI, pUrvArddha pR. 411 / 73. suttanipAta, 3/36/10 / 74. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 4/4/5 / 75. mahAbhArata zAMti parva, 240/14 / 76. dhammapada, 12/4/ 77. dhammapada, 26/11 // 78. paMcarAtra, 2/33 / 79. itivuttaka, 3/39 / 80. hindI muhAvarAkoza, DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI, pR. 5/ 81. uttara. 12/26 / 82. uttara. 12/26 / 83. uttara. 19/36 / 84. uttara. 19/37/ 85. uttara. 19/37/ 86. uttara. 19/38| 87. uttara.19/38) 88. uttara. 19/39/ 89. uttara. 19/40 90. uttara. 19/41 80 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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3. uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti vakra aura ukti do zabdoM ke yoga se vakrokti zabda banA hai / vakra kA artha hai kuTila, Ter3hA, anyathAsiddha aadi| ukti zabda vacana, kathana Adi kA vAcaka hai| vaisI ukti vakrokti hai, jo vyaMgyAtmaka ho, asAmAnya ho, cAmatkArika ho| zabda aura artha kA viziSTa vinyAsa vakrokti hai| sAhitya meM vakra bhASA kA prayoga usakI utkRSTatA kA sUcaka hai| vakrokti siddhAnta bhAratIya AlocanA kA nitya maulika aura atyanta praur3ha kAvya siddhAnta hai| prAcInakAla se hI isakA pracalana hai, kintu vyavasthita AlocanA siddhAnta ke rUpa meM isake pratiSThApaka AcArya kuntaka hai| unhoMne ise kAvya siddhAnta ke vyApaka rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyaa| vakrokti kA svarUpa vakrokti siddhAnta ke pravartaka AcArya kuntaka hai - yaha sarvamAnya hai, para usakA rUpa pUrvavartI graMthoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne vakra zabda kA prayoga Ter3hA artha meM kiyA hai- vakraH paMthA yadapi bhavataH prsthitsyottraassaam|' bANabhaTTa ne chala (vAkchala), krIDAlApa, parihAsa Adi artho meM vakrokti zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai. - vakrokti nipuNena vilAsajanena, vakroktinipuNena aakhyaayikaakhyaanpricycturenn|' AlaMkArika AcAryoM meM sarvaprathama bhAmaha ne vakrokti kA prayoga kiyA tathA use samasta alaMkAroM kI cArUtA kA hetu btaayaa| daMDI vakrokti ko sAmAnya alaMkAra ke sAtha anyAnya alaMkAroM kA AdhAra bhI mAnate haiN| vAmana kI dRSTi meM vakrokti eka arthAlaMkAra hai - 'sAdRzyAllakSaNA vakroktiH ' sAdRzya ko lekara calane vAlI lakSaNA vakrokti hai| rudraTa aura AnaMdavardhana ne bhI ise eka alaMkAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 2010_03 81

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kiyaa| kuMtaka ne vakrokti siddhAnta kA pariSkAra kara ise eka utkRSTa AlocanA siddhAnta ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyaa| kAvyazAstrIya AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM vakrokti bhAratIya kAvyAcAryoM ne tIna arthoM meM vakrokti kA prayoga kiyA1. sAmAnya camatkAra yA atizayokti ke rUpa meN| isa artha meM vakrokti kA prathama prayoga AcArya bhAmaha ne kiyaa| unake anusAra saiSA sarvaiva vkroktirnyaarthovibhaavyte| yatno'syAM kavinAM kAryaH ko'laMkAro'nayA vinaa|' yaha sarvatra vakrokti hI hai....! kauna sA saundarya hai jo isake binA ho| bhAmaha vakrokti ko kAvya kA AdhArabhUta tattva mAnate haiN| 2. AcArya kuntaka ne vakrokti kA prayoga kAvya sarvasva yA kAvyasiddhAnta-vizeSa ke artha meM kiyaa| vakrokti siddhAnta kI sthApanA kara ise kAvya kA prANa maanaa| vakrokti ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue unhoMne kahA vakroktiH prasiddhAbhidhAnavyatirekiNI vicitraivaabhidhaa| kIdRzI-vaidagdhyabhaGgI bhaNitiH vaidagdhyaM vidagdhabhAvaH kavikarmakauzalaM tasya bhaGgI vicchittiH tathA bhaNitiH vicitraivaabhi-dhaavkroktirityucyte| isa ukti se nimna tathya prakaTa hote haiM* vakrokti sAmAnya ukti ke atirikta vicitra kathana yA ukti * vaha zAstrAdi meM prayukta zabdArtha ke sAmAnya prayoga se sarvathA bhinna hai| * vakrokti nipuNa kavi ke kAvya-kauzala kI zobhA hai| * kavi-kauzala janya cArUtA hI vakrokti hai| 3. vakrokti kA tIsarA prayoga alaMkAra-artha meM kiyA jAtA hai| ataH yaha kahIM zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra ke rUpa meM mAnya hai| niSkarSataH vakrokti sampradAya ke anusAra kAvya kA saundarya ukti kI viziSTatA va vicitratA meM hai aura aisI ukti kAvya kI AtmA hai| 82 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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vakrokti ke bheda prabheda zabda ko vyaMjaka banAnevAlA tattva ukti kI vakratA yA prayoga vaicitrya hai| prasiddha kAvyazAstrI kuntaka ne vakrokti ke mukhya chaH bheda va unake aneka prabheda kie haiM 1. varNavinyAsavakratA 2. padapUrvArdhavakratA 1. rUr3hi vaicitryavakratA,2.paryAyavakratA, 3. upacAravakratA, 4. vizeSaNavakratA, 5. saMvRttivakratA, 6. vRttivakratA, 7. liMga vaicitryavakratA, 8. kriyA vaicitryavakratA 3. pada-parArdhavakratA 1.kAla vaicitryavakratA, 2.kArakavakratA, 3. vacanavakratA, 4. puruSavakratA, 5. upasargavakratA, 6. pratyayavakratA, 7. upasargavakratA, 8. nipAtavakratA 4. vAkyavakratA 5. prakaraNavakratA-1. bhAvapUrNa sthiti kI udbhAvanA, 2.prasaMga kI maulikatA, 3. pUrvapracalita prasaMga meM saMzodhana, 4. rocaka prasaMgoM kA vistRta varNana, 5.pradhAna uddezya kI siddhi ke lie apradhAna prasaMga kI udbhAvanA, 6. prasaMgoM kA pUrvApara krama se anvaya Adi 6. prabandhavakratA - 1. mUlarasa parivartanavakratA, 2. samApanavakratA, 3. kathAvicchedavakratA, 4. AnuSaMgikaphalavakratA, 5. nAmakaraNavakratA, 6. tulyakathAvakratA varNa-vinyAsa-vakratA jisase zrutimAdhurya kI sRSTi ho, rasa kA utkarSa ho, vastu kI prabhaviSNutA, komalatA, kaThoratA, karkazatA Adi kI vyaMjanA ho, zabda aura artha meM sAmaMjasya sthApita ho, bhAvavizeSa para jora par3e tathA artha kA vizadIkaraNa ho aise varNoM kA prayoga varNa-vinyAsa-vakratA kahalAtA hai| vakroktijIvitam meM isakA lakSaNa batAyA hai uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 83 ___ 2010_03

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eko dvau bahavo badhyamAnAH punaH punH| svalpAntaristradhA soktA vrnnvinyaasvkrtaa|| jahAM eka, do yA bahuta se varNa thor3e-thor3e antara se bAra-bAra grathita hote haiM vahAM varNavinyAsa vakratA-varNa-racanA kI vakratA hotI hai| isake antargata anuprAsa, yamaka Adi alaMkAroM kA samAveza hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM varNa vinyAsa vakratA / kaDaM kaDe tti bhAsejjA akaDaM no kaDe tti ya|| uttara. 1/11 sukaDe tti supakke ti suchinne suhaDe mdde| suNiTThie sulaDhe tti sAvaja vajjae muNI| uttara. 1/36 Asimo bhAyarA do vi annmnnvsaannugaa|| annamannamaNUrattA annamannahiesiNo| uttara. 13/5 evaM se udAhu aNuttaranANI aNuttaradaMsI annuttrnaanndNsnndhre| uttara. 6/17 jahA lAho tahA loho, lAhA loho pvhuii| uttara. 8/17 yahAM 'kaDaM', 'su', 'aNuttara', 'ha', 'annamanna' Adi zabdoM kI anekazaH AvRtti huI hai| 'mAse mAse' uttara. 9/44 _ 'AlavaMte lavaMte vA' (1/21) meM vargoM kI svarUpa evaM krama se eka bAra AvRtti huI hai| soccA, naccA, jiccA (uttara. 2/1) tathA 'adaMsaNaM ceva apatthaNaM ca aciMtaNaM ceva akittaNaM ca' (uttara 32/15) yahAM pada ke aMta meM vargoM kI AvRtti se saundarya kA AdhAna huA hai| isa prakAra samaya para samaya kA aMkana karane ke lie 'kAle kAlaM smaayre'| uttara, 1/31 jIvana kI asthiratA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kSaNa-kSaNa kA mUlya abhivyakta karane 'samayaM goyama mA pmaaye'| 10/1 prApta-aprApta meM harSa-viSAda rahita sAdhutva ko lakSita karane 84 ... uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

Page #102
'sesAvasesaM labhau tavassI' 12/10 Adi meM varNoM kI eka bAra yA anekazaH AvRtti hone se varNavinyAsa-vakratA meM zrutisukhada camatkAra draSTavya haiN| isakA vistRta varNana anuprAsa-alaMkAra meM dhyAtavya hai| pada-pUrvArdha-vakratA aneka vargoM ke samudAya ko pada kahate haiN| pada ke do aMga haiM-prakRti tathA prtyy| mUla dhAtu (prakRti) se sambandhita vakratA ko hI pada-pUrvArddhavakratA kahate haiN| isake ATha bheda haiN| rUr3hi-vaicitrya-vakratA paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA AdhArabhUta mUla zabda rUr3hi kahalAtA hai| rUr3hi zabda kA eka aisA prayoga ki vaha vAcyArtha kA bodha na karAkara prakaraNa ke anurUpa anya artha vyaMjita kare athavA usase vAcyArtha ke kisI dharma kA atizaya prakaTa ho, rUr3hi-vaicitrya-vakratA kahalAtA hai| isakA prayojana hai lokottara tiraskAra yA lokottara zlAghyatA ke atizaya kA prkaashn| yatra ruuddh'esNbhaavydhrmdhyaaropgrthtaa| saddharmAtizayAropagatvaM vA prtiiyte|| lokottrtirskaarshlaaghyotkrssaabhidhitsyaa| vAcyasya socyate kApi ruuddh'ivaicitryvkrtaa| uttarAdhyayana kI kucha gAthAeM isakA pramANa haiM puTTho ya daMsamasaehiM samareva mhaamunnii| nAgo saMgAmasIse vA sUro abhihaNe prN| uttara. 2/10 DAMsa aura maccharoM kA upadrava hone para bhI mahAmuni samabhAva meM rahe, krodha Adi kA vaise hI damana kare jaise- yuddha ke agrabhAga meM rahA zUra hAthI bANoM ko nahIM ginatA huA zatruoM kA hanana karatA haiM __'nage bhavaH naagH|' naga +taddhitIya aN pratyaya jur3akara niSpanna nAga zabda kA mUla artha hai parvata para utpanna hone vaalaa| kintu yahAM sarvatra samabhAva, sthiratA aura dhairyazIlatA se yukta artha meM nAgazabda kA prayoga huA hai| nAga ke utkarSa ko prakaTa karane ke lie kavi ne rUr3ha yA paramparAgata artha para dUsare asaMbhAvya artha kA adhyAropa kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti ____ 2010_03

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samaNo ahaM saMjao baMbhayArI virao dhaNapayaNapariggahAo / parappavittassa u bhikkhakAle annassa aTThA ihamAago mi || uttara. 12/9 prasaMga usa samaya kA hai jaba yajJa ho rahA thA vahAM harikezI muni bhikSArtha gye| brAhmaNoM ne unako dutkArA | zAMta bhAva se muni ne kahA- 'maiM zramaNa huuN|' yahAM zramaNa ke hI paryAyavAcI bhikSu, tapasvI, saMnyAsI, sAdhu zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jA sakatA thA, 'samaNa' kA hI kyoM? isa saMdarbha meM samaNa zabda kI mImAMsA cintanIya hai| samaNa zabda ke tIna rUpa milate haiM 1. zramaNa, 2. samaNa, 3. zamana zramaNa -- zramu tapasi khede ca ' zramaNaH ' jo tapasyA karatA hai, dhAtu se zramaNa zabda niSpanna hotA hai| 'zrAmyatIti zrama karatA hai use zramaNa kahate haiN| zramaNaH ' 'zrAmyatIti tapasyatIti AtmA ke sahajaguNa kI prApti ke lie jo tapasyA karatA hai, vrata dhAraNa karatA hai, zarIra evaM rAgAdi ko kSINa karatA hai vaha zramaNa hai| zamana , 10 11 zamu upazame dhAtu se Nic + lyuT pratya karane para zamana zabda banatA hai| jisakA artha hai zamana karane vAlA, damana karane vAlA, vazIbhUta karane vaalaa| samaNa 86 12 13 samyak maNe samaNe jisakA mana samyak hai vaha samaNa hai| samiti - samatayA zatrumitrAdiSvaNanti pravartanta iti samaNAH / sUtrakRtAMga hindI TIkA meM samaNa ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai- jo zatru evaM mitra meM samAna rUpa se pravRtti karatA hai, samAna vyavahAra rakhatA hai, samatA bhAva ko dhAraNa karatA hai vaha samaNa hai| 14 uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA 'samayAe samaNo hoi' (uttara. 25/32) samatva kA dhAraka hI samaNa hai| 'tAtparya 'samaNa' vahI hotA hai jisakA mana samyak hai, jo lAbha alAbha, dutkAra-satkAra meM sama raha sakatA hai| 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana

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'samaNo ahaM' kahakara muni isI bAta ko dhvanita karanA cAhate haiM ki sAdhu ko dutkAra-satkAra saba mila sakatA hai aura maiM samaNa hUM isIlie hI ye saba sahana kara rahA huuN| yahAM muni ne samaNa zabda kA prayoga kara pazcima kI abhivyajanA pUrva meM kI hai tathA vAcyArtha ke sahana karane ke dharma kA atizaya dyotita ho rahA hai| paryAya vakratA eka hI dharma ke dyotaka aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM se racanAkAra kisI eka ko cuna kara ukti meM vakratA yA saundarya utpanna kara detA hai use paryAya- vakratA kahate haiN| yaha zabda zaktimUlaka anukaraNarUpa pada-dhvani kA AdhAra hai| 15 uttarAdhyayana kI nimna gAthAoM meM paryAya vakratA draSTavya hai . --- ANAniddesakare gurunnmuvvaaykaare| iMgiyAgArasaMpanne se viNIe tti vuccaI / uttara. 1 / 2 .16 jo guru kI AjJA aura nirdeza kA pAlana karatA hai, guru kI zuzrUSA karatA hai, guru ke iMgita aura AkAra ko jAnatA hai, vaha vinIta kahalAtA hai| yahAM vinIta kauna? ke prasaMga meM vinIta ke paryAyavAcI nibhRta, prazrita meM se vinIta zabda adhika aucityapUrNa hai| vi upasargapUrvaka nIJ prApaNe dhAtu se kta pratyaya lagakara niSpanna vinIta zabda namra honA, vinaya karanA, AcaraNazIla, zAsana kiye jAne ke yogya Adi arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| uddaMDatA jisase kozoM dUra calI gaI hai, zAsana karane ke lie sUtra - artha kI vAcanA dene ke lie guru jise pAtra samajhatA hai, jisakA mana guru caraNoM meM pUrNatayA samarpita hai, mokSamArga kI ora kRta nizcaya hai- ina arthoM kA prakaTIkaraNa vinIta zabda se saMbhava hai, suzIla Adi se nhiiN| vinaya ke do artha haiM- AcAra aura nmrtaa| ina donoM arthoM kI samanviti ke lie bhI vinIta zabda kA sArthaka prayoga huA hai| isa gAthA se ziSya kI vIratA, mokSa sAdhakatA evaM ahaMkAra - zUnyatA pratidhvanita ho rahI hai| klIva kabhI AjJA kA pAlana nahIM krtaa| jo apanA uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 2010_03 87

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ahaM visarjana kara cukA hai vahI guru kI ArAdhanA kara sakatA hai| rAga-dveSa, abhimAna ke abhAva meM hI vinaya ghaTita hotA hai| appA ceva dameyavvo appA hu khalu duddmo| appA danto suhI hoi assiM loe parattha ya| uttara. 1/15 AtmA kA hI damana karanA cAhie kyoMki AtmA hI durdama hai| damita AtmA hI ihaloka aura paraloka meM sukhI hotA hai| jIva, pudgala, bhUta, sattva, prANI Adi AtmA ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM yahAM AtmA zabda kA prayoga adhika upayukta hai| AtmA zabda ApM vyAptau, A upasargapUrvaka dAJ dAne, ana prANane, ata sAtatyagamane Adi dhAtuoM se niSpanna hai| TIkAkAra ne likhA hai-'atati saMtataM gacchati zuddhisaMklezAtmakapariNAmAntarANItyAtmA'17 jo vividha bhAva meM pariNata hotA hai vaha AtmA hai| samayasAra ke TIkAkAra ne kahA-'darzanajJAnacAritrANi atati iti AtmA'-'darzana, jJAna, cAritra ko sadA prApta ho, vaha AtmA hai| prastuta prasaMga 'AtmA kA hI damana karanA cAhie' meM AtmA zabda bhaMgibhaNiti se yukta hai| yahAM damana yA zamana kA artha Atma vyatirikta padArthoM rAgAdi se AtmA ko alaga karanA kAmya hai| rAgAdi padArthoM meM AtmA pariNata hotI hai, isalie damana AtmA kA hI hogA jIvAdi kA nahIM kyoMki 'pariNativizeSa' kA vAcaka AtmA zabda hI hai jIvAdi nhiiN| __'sAhU kallANa mannaI' uttara. 1/39-guru ke anuzAsana ko vinIta ziSya kalyANakArI mAnatA hai| yahAM kavi ne vinIta ziSya ke lie 'sAhU' paryAya kA prayoga kiyA hai| sAdhu zabda 'sAdha-saMsiddhau' dhAtu se niSpanna hai| jo nirvANa, zAnti, saMyama, ratnatrayI Adi kI sAdhanA karatA hai vaha sAdhu hotA hai| 'NivvANasAhaNeNa sAdhavaH 18 jo nirvANa kI sAdhanA karate haiM ve sAdhu haiN| vinIta ziSya kI mokSasAdhanA meM anuraktatA kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie 'sAhU' paryAya kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jAvantavijjApurisA, savve te dukkhsNbhvaa| luppaMti bahuso mUDhA, saMsAraMmi aNaMtae|| uttara. 6/1 88 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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jitane avidyAvAna puruSa haiM, ve saba duHkha ko utpanna karane vAle haiN| ve diGmUDha kI bhAMti mUr3ha bane hue isa ananta saMsAra meM bAra-bAra lupta hote haiN| * hita-ahita ke viveka kI vikalatA ko batAne ke lie yahAM ajJa, vaidheya, bAliza Adi kI apekSA 'mUr3ha' zabda adhika aucityapUrNa hai| 'muha vaicitye dhAtu se kta pratyaya karane para mUr3ha zabda nirmita hotA hai| ApTe ne isake mohita, udvigna, vyAkula, sUjhabUjha se hIna, mandabuddhi, jar3a Adi artha kie haiN|20 bahavRtti meM kahA gayA-'mUDhA hitAhitAvivecanaM pratyayasamarthAH' hita-ahita ke viveka se jo vikala hai vaha mUDha hai|24 prastuta prasaMga meM mUDha zabda vyakti kI viveka zUnyatA ko prakaTa kara rahA hai| jagata Adi zabdoM ke sthAna para 'saMsAraMmi' zabda kA prayoga bhI prasaMgAnukUla hai| 'saMsaratIti saMsAraH' jo saMsaraNa kare vaha saMsAra hai| 'saMsaraNam itazcetazca paribhramaNaM saMsAraH'22 jisameM jIva yA prANI bhramaNa karatA hai vaha saMsAra hai| yahAM luppaMti kriyA dvArA paribhramaNa gamya hai| usake anukUla saMsAra zabda kA prayoga vicchiti-vaicitrya kA sUcaka hai| kolAhalagabhUyaM AsI mihilAe pvvyNtNmi| / taiyA rAirisiMmi namimi abhinnikkhmNtNmi|| uttara. 9/5 jaba rAjarSi nami abhiniSkramaNa kara rahe the, pravajita ho rahe the usa samaya mithilA meM sarvatra kolAhala jaisA hone lgaa| yahAM kolAhala zabda kA mArmika aura romAMcakArI prayoga huA hai| kolAhala zabda 'kula saMstyAne' tathA 'hala vilekhane 23 ina do dhAtuoM ke mela se banA hai| 'kolanam kolaH ekIbhAvaH tamAhalati' arthAt jo ekIbhava, mana kI zAMti ko khaNDita kara de vaha kolAhala hai| mana azAMta hotA hai, taba kolAhala utpanna hotA hai aura vaha dUsaroM ko bhI azAMta kara detA hai| rAjarSi ko pravrajita hote dekha pUrI mithilA nagarI, ranivAsa, saba parijana-'aba hamArI rakSA kauna karegA?' isa ciMtA se Akrandana karane lage, usase sarvatra kolAhala ho gyaa| kolAhala zabda se yahAM mana kI azAMti abhivyaMjita hai, jo kolAhala ke paryAyavAcI kalakala Adi zabdoM se saMbhava nhiiN| rAjarSi zabda bhI yahAM paryAya-vakratA kA utkRSTa udAharaNa bana rahA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 89 ____ 2010_03

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'rAjR dIptau 24 tathA 'RSi gatau 25 dhAtu se rAjarSi zabda banA hai jo jJAna, bhakti, vairAgya Adi ke dvArA prajAjanoM ko dIpta karatA hai, sabhI padArthoM ko jo jAna letA hai vaha rAjarSi hai| rAjarSi zabda se Atmika vibhUti kI gUMja pratidhvanita hai| koSa meM5 rAjarSi kA artha rAjakIya RSi, santa samAna rAjA, kSatriya jAti kA puruSa jisane apane pavitra jIvana tathA sAdhanAmaya bhakti se RSi kA pada prApta kiyA ho, kiyA gayA hai| nami rAjA kI avasthA meM bhI RSi kI taraha jIvana-yApana karate the| unhoMne apanI prakhara sAdhanA se RSi pada prApta kiyaa| 'rAjAcAsau rAjyAvasthAmAzritya' RSizca tatkAlapekSayA rAjarSiH yadi vA rAjyAvasthAyAmapi RSiriva RSiH-krodhAdiSaDvargajayAt jo vyakti krodhAdi SaDvarga ko chor3atA hai vaha rAjarSi kahalAtA hai| indra aura nami ke praznottara se spaSTa hai ki nami ne krodhAdi zatruoM para vijaya prApta kI thI tabhI devendra ko nami kI stuti karate hue kahanA par3A-'aho! te ninjio koho........|' isIlie yahAM nRpa, bhUpAla Adi zabdoM kI apekSA rAjarSi zabda kA prayoga vidvadjanoM dvArA samAdaraNIya hai| upacAra-vakratA kAvyabhASA kA pramukha lakSaNa lAkSaNikatA hai| vaha upacAra-vakratA se AtI hai| upacAra zabda kA artha hai- vibhinna padArthoM meM sAdRzya ke kAraNa utpanna hone vAlI samAnatA yA ekatA, jaise 'mukha rUpI candra / ' jahAM bheda hote hue bhI abheda kA anubhava ho, aisI vakratA ko upacAra-vakratA kahate haiN| anya ke dharma kA anya para Aropa upacAra-vakratA hai| amUrtta para mUrta kA Aropa, mUrtta para amUrta kA Aropa, mAnava ke sAtha mAnavetara dharma kA Aropa, rUpaka Adi alaMkAra bhI isI ke aMtargata Ate haiN| Adhunika zailIvijJAna meM ina asAmAnya prayogoM ko vicalana kahate haiN| kuntaka ne ise upacAra-vakratA kahA hai - yatra duuraaNtre'nysmaatsaamaanymupcryte| lezenapi bhavat kaaNccidvktumudriktvRttitaam|| yanmUlA sarasollekhA ruupkaadirlNkRtiH| upacArapradhAnAsau vakratA kaaciducyte|| 90 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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Adhunika AlocakoM ne mahAvIra kI aMtima dezanA ke AdhArabhUta grantha uttarAdhyayana ko 'zramaNa kAvya' se abhihita kiyA hai|30 isameM jainatattvavidyA, darzana, sAdhanA- paddhati Adi ke pratipAdana meM granthakartA ne yatratatra upacAra-vakratA kA prabhUta prayoga kiyA hai tathA usake dvArA bhAva anubhUtigamya aura abhivyakti meM ramaNIyatA kA AdhAna huA hai| yathA - amUrta ke sAtha mUrta dharma kA prayoga viNae Thavejja appANaM icchanto hiymppnno|| uttara. 1/6 apanI AtmA kA hita cAhane vAlA, apane Apako vinaya meM sthApita kre| sthApita karane kI kriyA mUrta padArtha meM hI saMbhava ho sakatI hai| 'SThAM gatinivRtau' dhAtu se Thavejja rUpa niSpanna hai| jisakA artha hai-ThaharanA, nizceSTa honA, pratibaddha honaa| amUrta vinaya meM AtmA kI saMsthApanA kaise ho sakatI hai? mUrtta-dharma kA amUrtta para Aropa kara kavi-pratibhA vinaya kI utkRSTatA prakaTa kara rahI hai| yahAM vinaya ko sarvAtmanA dhAraNa karanA, ekameka ho jAnA abhivyaMjita hai| appA ceva dameyavvo appA hu khalu duddamo| uttara. 1/15 AtmA kA hI damana karanA cAhie kyoMki AtmA hI durdama hai| damana-kriyA saMsAra meM zatru-damana, duSTa hAthI kA damana Adi mUrtta padArthoM ke lie prasiddha hai kintu yahAM amUrta AtmA ke lie damana kriyA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jo adhyAtma ke kSetra meM Atma-sAdhanA ke mahattva ko ujAgara karatA hai| damana zabda 'damu-upazame' dhAtu se vyutpanna hai| yahAM damana chedana-bhedana ke artha kA dhAraka na hokara zAnta karanA, svAdhIna karanA artha kA abhivyaMjaka hai| yahAM rAga-dveSAdi jo Atmetara padArtha haiM, unase AtmA ko alaga kara sva-svarUpa meM paramavizrAnti kI ghaTanA kAmya hai| kaNakuNDagaM caittANaM viTTha bhuMjai suuyre| evaM sIlaM caittANaM dussIle ramaI mie|| uttara. 1/5 jisa prakAra sUara cAvaloM kI bhUsI ko chor3akara viSThA khAtA hai, vaise hI ajJAnI bhikSu zIla ko chor3akara duHzIla meM ramaNa karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 91 ____ 2010_03

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cAvaloM kI bhUsI evaM viSThA ke dharma kA zIla aura duHzIla para Aropa kiyA gayA hai| yaha Aropa duHzIla ziSya kI ajJAnatA, tattvagrahaNaasamarthatA evaM caritra hInatA kI pratIti karA rahA hai| egappA ajie sattu kasAyA indiyANi yA te jiNittu jahAnAyaM viharAmi ahaM munnii|| uttara. 23/38 eka na jItI huI AtmA zatru hai, kaSAya aura indriyAM zatru haiN| mune! maiM unheM jItakara nIti ke anusAra vihAra kara rahA huuN| jItanA zatru-mUrta padArtha kA dharma hai, usakA upacAra AtmA para karake Atmavijaya ke saMgAna ko bulanda kiyA hai| yahAM jo nijasvarUpa hai, usase vyatirikta padArtha zatru haiN| jo svarUparamaNa (sukha) meM bAdhaka ho vaha zatru hai, jo AtaMkita kare, vaha zatru hai| uparyukta vastu, kaSAyAdi zatru haiN| unako zAMta karanA, AtmA se alaga karanA, AtmA se nikAla pheMkanA Adi tathya gamya hai| ihamege u mannaMti appaccakkhAya paavgN| AyariyaM vidittANaM savvadukkhA vimuccii|| uttara. 6/8 isa saMsAra meM kucha loga aisA mAnate haiM ki pApoM kA tyAga kiye binA hI tattva ko jAnane mAtra se jIva saba duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| _ 'muclamocane' dhAtu se niSpanna vimuccaI kA artha hai mukta honA, chor3anA chor3anA aura mukta hone se kriyA mUrtta dravya se saMbaMdha rakhatI hai| duHkha bhAvadravya hai| yahAM mUrta kA amUrta para Aropa rUpa upacAra-kriyA kA prayoga huA hai| sAtha hI duHkhoM kA AtmA se bheda ho jAnA Adi tathya abhivyaMjita haiN| ___ kAmabhogoM kI nazvaratA kSaNabhaMguratA ko dikhAne ke lie mUrta ke dharma kA amUrta kAma para prayoga kiyA gayA hai - 'kusaggamettA ime kAmA' uttara. 7/24 ye kAma-bhoga kuzAgra para sthita jala-bindu jitane kSaNika haiN| 'kAmA AsIvisovamA' uttara. 9/53 kAmabhoga AzIviSa sarpa ke tulya haiN| bhogoM kI bhayaMkaratA prakaTa karane ke lie yahAM mUrta AzIviSa sarpa ke dharma kA amUrta kAma para Aropa kiyA gayA hai| 92 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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jAvajjIvamavisAmo guNANaM tu mhaabhro| guruo lohabhAro vva jo puttA! hoi duvvaho || uttara. 19 / 35 putra ! zrAmaNya meM jIvana paryanta vizrAma nahIM hai| yaha guNoM kA mahAna bhAra hai| bhArI bharakama lohabhAra kI bhAMti ise uThAnA bahuta hI kaThina hai| yahAM mUrta padArtha lohe ke dharma kA amUrta saMyama jIvana para AropaNa zrAmaNya jIvana kI kaThoratA kA abhivyaMjana karane meM samartha huA hai| upazama kI kaThinatA kA udghATana kara usa para ratnAkara ke dharma kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai jahA bhUyAhiM tariuM, dukkaraM rayaNAgaro / tahA aNuvasaMteNa, dukkaraM damasAgaro / uttara. 19 / 42 jaise samudra ko bhujAoM se tairanA bahuta hI kaThina kArya hai, vaise hI upazamahIna vyakti ke lie damarUpI samudra ko tairanA bahuta hI kaThina kArya hai| utkRSTa evaM upayukta sAdhana ke binA sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai - yaha sAtvika satya bodhya hai| mUrta ke sAtha mUrta ke dharma kA prayoga jahA se sayaMbhUramaNe udahI akkhaodae / nANArayaNapaDipuNe evaM havai bahussue || uttara. 11/30 jisa prakAra akSaya jala vAlA svayaMbhUramaNa samudra aneka prakAra ke ratnoM se bharA huA hotA hai, usI prakAra bahuzruta akSaya jJAna se paripUrNa hotA hai| yahAM sAgara ke dharma kA bahuzruta para Aropa usakI ananta / vizAla jJAna kI viziSTatA ko ujAgara kara rahA hai| kezI kumArasamaNe goyame va mahAyase / ubhao nisaNNA sohaMti caMdasUrasamappabhA || uttara. 23/18 candra aura sUrya ke samAna zobhA vAle kumAra- zramaNa kezI aura mahAna yazasvI gautama donoM baiThe hue zobhita ho rahe the| yahAM para candramA aura sUrya do AkAzIya padArthoM ke dharma kA munidvaya para Aropa kiyA gayA hai| isa vakratA se munidvaya kI zArIrika dIpti ke sAtha-sAtha Atmika saundarya bhI dyotita ho rahA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 2010_03 3335 93

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cetana para acetana ke dharma kA prayoga iha khalu bAvIsaM parIsahA samaNeNaM bhagavayA .....uttara. 2/1 nirgrantha-pravacana meM bAIsa parISaha hote haiM, jo kazyapa-gotrIya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvArA pravedita haiM, jinheM sunakara, jAnakara, abhyAsa ke dvArA paricita kara, parAjita kara bhikSAcaryA ke lie paryaTana karatA huA muni unase spRSTa hone para vicalita nahIM hotaa| nirjIva padArtha para koI, kitanA hI prahAra kare, chedana-bhedana kare phira bhI vaha avicala, sthira rahatA hai| cetana padArtha meM vicalana, asthiratA sahaja hai| muni parISaha upasthita hone para bhI vicalita nahIM hotA-yahAM acetana ke dharma kA cetana para Aropa kara kavi usakI kaSTa-sahiSNutA, dhairyadharmitA ko prakaTa kara rahA hai| vibhAvanA aura vizeSokti alaMkAra kA yahAM sundara prayoga huA hai| 'paMkabhUyA u ithio' uttara. 2/17 striyAM brahmacArI ke lie dala-dala ke samAna haiN| jaise dala-dala meM phaMsA jIva apane lakSya se bhaTaka jAtA hai vaise hI strI-rUpa dala-dala meM phaMsA brahmacArI apane vrata kI surakSA nahIM kara pAne ke kAraNa kabhI trANa nahIM pA sakatA isa tathya kI abhivyaMjanA karane ke lie yahAM 'dala-dala' acetana ke dharma kA cetana strI para Aropa kiyA gayA hai| strI se tAtparya yahAM Asakti se hai| 'vijjusoyAmaNippabhA' 22/7 vaha rAjakanyA camakatI huI bijalI jaisI prabhA vAlI thii| rAjImatI kA zArIrika saundarya anupama thA-isa bAta ko prakaTa karane ke lie yahAM camakatI bijalI ko upamAna banAkara acetana ke dharma kA cetana para Aropa kiyA gayA hai| ArUDho sohae ahiyaM sire cUDAmaNi jhaa| uttara. 22/10 hAthI para ArUr3ha ariSTanemi sira para cUr3AmaNi kI bhAMti bahuta .. suzobhita huaa| 94 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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ariSTanemi kI zreSThatA, sundaratA kA udghATana karane ke lie dharmaviparyaya mUlaka 'sire cUDAmaNi jahA' vAkya kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| acetana para cetana ke dharma kA prayoga gAmANugAmaM rIyaMtaM aNagAraM akiNcnnN| araI aNuppavise taM titikkhe priish|| uttara. 2/14 eka gAMva se dUsare gAMva meM vihAra karate hue akiMcana muni ke citta meM arati utpanna ho jAya to usa parINaha ko vaha sahana kre| 'arati utpanna ho jAya' yahAM utpanna honA cetana kartA kA dharma hai, jo acetana 'araI' para Aropita hai| jisase saMyamI jIvana meM Ae hue parISahoM ko samabhAva se sahana karane kI bAta abhigamya hai| yahAM jar3a para cetana kA Aropa kara kavi ne camatkAra utpanna kiyA hai| mAnava ke sAtha tiryaca ke dharma kA prayoga jahA suNI pUikaNNI nikkasijjai svvso| evaM dussIla paDiNIe muharI nikksijji| uttara. 1/4 jaise sar3e hue kAnoM vAlI kutiyA sabhI sthAnoM se nikAlI jAtI hai, vaise hI duHzIla, guru ke pratikUla vartana karane vAlA aura vAcAla bhikSu gaNa se nikAla diyA jAtA hai| __jugupsA bhAva kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie yahAM duHzIla ziSya ke sAtha pUtikarNI kutiyA ke dharma kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| pazu dharma kA manuSya para Aropa huA hai| __ aMtaraMga zatruoM (krodhAdi) ke damana ke lie zUra hAthI ke dharma kA muni para Aropa usakI Atmika zakti ke saundarya kI anupameyatA ko vyaMjita kara rahA hai - 'nAgo saMgAmasIse vA sUro abhihaNe prN'| uttara. 2/10 muni krodha Adi kA vaise hI damana kare jaise yuddha ke agrabhAga meM zUra hAthI bANoM ko nahIM ginatA huA zatruoM kA hanana karatA hai| jahA ya bhoI! taNuyaM bhuyaMgo nimmoyaNiM hicca palei mutto| emae jAyA payahaMti bhoe te haM kahaM naannugmissmekko|| uttara. 14/34 uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 95 2010_03

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he bhavati! jaise sAMpa apane zarIra kI keMculI ko chor3a mukta bhAva se calatA hai vaise hI putra bhogoM ko chor3a kara cale jA rahe haiN| pIche maiM akelA kyoM rahUM, unakA anugamana kyoM na karUM? yahAM sarpa ke dharma kA bhRguputra para tathA keMculI ke dharma kA bhogoM para Aropa kiyA gayA hai| sarpa keMculI chor3ane ke bAda punaH usa ora dRSTipAta nahIM karatA hai vaise hI putra bhogoM ko chor3a phira usakI ora nahIM dekhte| bhRguputroM para sarpa kA AropaNa putroM kI bhAgoM ke prati anAsaktatA, niHspRhatA ko prakaTa kara rahA hai| vizeSaNa vakratA jahAM vizeSaNa ke mAhAtmya se vastu yA kriyA kI avasthA-vizeSa kA bodha ho jisase usakI antarnihita sundaratA, komalatA yA prakharatA prakaTa hokara vaha rasa yA bhAva kA poSaka bana jAe, vahAM vizeSaNa-vakratA hotI hai vizeSaNasya mAhAtmyAt kriyAyAH kArakasya vaa| yatrollasyati lAvaNyaM sA vishessnn-vkrtaa||24 vi pUrvaka ziS dhAtu se lyuT pratyaya karane para nirmita vizeSaNa zabda kisI vizeSya kI vizeSatA prakaTa karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vizeSaNa-vakratAjanya camatkAra - naccA namai mehAvI loe kittI se jaaye| havai kiccANaM saraNaM bhUyANaM jagaI jhaa|| uttara. 1/45 medhAvI muni vinaya-paddhati ko mAnakara use kriyAnvita karane meM tatpara ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra pRthvI prANiyoM ke lie AdhAra hotI hai, usI prakAra vaha AcAryoM ke lie AdhArabhUta bana jAtA hai| yahAM vinIta ke lie vizeSaNAtmaka saMjJA 'mehAvI' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jo medhA ko dhAraNa kare vaha medhAvI hai| medhR saMgame dhAtu se medhA zabda niSpanna hai| 'medhate saMgacchate sarvamasyAm' jisameM saba kucha saMgamita ho jAe use medhA kahate haiN| amarakoSakAra ne likhA hai-dhIrdhAraNavatI medhA'32 dhAraNazakti kA nAma hai dhI aura jo dhI ko dhAraNa kare vaha medhA hai| medhA saMpanna vyakti medhAvI hotA hai| 96 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ____ 2010_03

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'merA dhAvittA mehAviNo'33 jo maryAdApUrvaka calate haiM ve medhAvI haiN| saMsAra meM yaza usI kA phailatA hai, sarvapUjya vahI hotA hai jo sadguNoM ko dhAraNa karane meM samartha ho| vinaya, maryAdA tathA guru ke anuzAsana meM samarpita hoN| yahAM sadguNoM ko dhAraNa karanA, kartavya-akartavya ke viveka se saMpanna honA, anuzAsana priya honA, maryAdA meM calanA ina arthoM kI abhivyaMjanA meM medhAvI zabda samartha hai| adhuve asAsayaMmi, saMsAraMmmi dukkhpuraae| kiM nAma hojja taM kammayaM, jeNAhaM doNiM na gacchejjA|| uttara. 8/1 adhruva, azAzvata aura duHkhabahula saMsAra meM aisA kauna sA karma/ anuSThAna hai, jisase maiM durgati meM na jAUM? prastuta gAthA meM saMsAra ke adhuve, asAsayaMmi, dukkhapaurAe-ina tIna vizeSaNoM kA sAbhiprAya prayoga huA hai| ina vizeSaNoM se calacitra kI bhAMti saMsAra kA dRzya AMkhoM ke sAmane A jAtA hai| 'adhuve' vizeSaNa se saMsAra kI anizcitatA evaM caMcalatA kA pratipAdana ho rahA hai| rAjya, dhana, dhAnya, parivAra Adi kI kSaNikatA tathA dRzyamAna jagata kI kSaNabhaMguratA 'asAsayaMmi' vizeSaNa se prakaTa ho rahI hai| 'dukkhapaurAe' vizeSaNa duHkha svarUpa saMsAra kI pratIti karAne meM samartha hai| saMsAra ke ye vizeSaNa vairAgya ke hetu banakara saMsAra kI vyarthatA kA nirUpaNa kara rahe haiN| mahAjaso esa mahANubhAgo ghoravvao ghoraparakkamo yA uttara.12/23 yaha mahAna yazasvI hai| mahAna anubhAga (acintya zakti) se sampanna hai| ghora vratI hai| ghora parAkramI hai| yahAM mahAjaso, mahANubhAgo, ghoravvao, ghoraparakkamo ina vizeSaNoM kA sAbhiprAya prayoga harikezI muni ke lie kiyA gayA hai| mahAjaso : 'tihuyaNavikkhAyajaso mahAjaso'34 jisakA yaza tribhuvana meM vikhyAta hai, vaha 'mahAyazA' kahalAtA hai| 'aznute vyApanoti iti yazaH' uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 97 2010_03

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jo sarvatra vyApta ho jAe vaha yaza hai| harikezI kA yaza sarvatra phailA huA thaa| ataH ve sarva-pUjya the| mahAjaso vizeSaNa se muni kI guNavattA, pUjyatA kA udghATana ho rahA hai| ___ mahANubhAgo : mhaanubhaagH-'atishyaacintyshktiH|'31 jise mahAna acintya-zakti prApta ho, use mahAbhAga-mahAprabhAvazAlI kahA jAtA hai| harikezI apane tapa ke prabhAva se saba kucha karane meM samartha the| sarvanAza bhI kara sakate the| 'mahANubhAgo' vizeSaNa se RSi kI sarva-sAmarthyatA kA citraNa ho rahA hai| ghoravao : 'ghoravrato' dhRtaatyntdurddhrmhaavrtH|36 jo atyanta durdhara mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa kie hue ho use 'ghoravrata' kahA jAtA hai| harikezI muni kA kaThora tapa prazaMsanIya thaa| unake tApasa jIvana kI parAkASThA evaM tApasika vibhUti kA darzana isa vizeSaNa se ho rahA hai| ghoraparakkamo : 'ghoraparAkramazca' kaSAyAdijayaM prati raudrsaamrthyH|27 jisameM kaSAya Adi ko jItane kA pracura sAmarthya ho, use 'ghora-parAkrama' kahA jAtA hai| tattvArtha rAjavArtika meM 'ghora-parAkrama' kI vyAkhyA karate hue batAyA hai - jvara, sannipAta Adi mahAbhayaMkara rogoM ke hone para bhI jo anazana kAyA-kleza Adi meM manda nahIM hote aura bhayAnaka zmazAna, pahADa kI guphA Adi meM rahane ke abhyAsI haiM ve 'ghoratapI' kahe jAte haiN| ye hI jaba tapa aura yoga ko uttarottara bar3hAte jAte haiM taba 'ghora-parAkrama' kahe jAte haiN|28 'kAryaM vA sAdhayAmi dehaM vA pAtayAmi' kI ukti ko ghora-parAkrama dvArA caritArtha kara hara kSaNa prasannatA kA saMdeza dene kA sAmarthya isa vizeSaNa se abhivyaMjita hai| harikezI muni ke lie prayukta ina vizeSaNoM ke mAhAtmya se unake antarnihita saMyama kI prakharatA vyaktitva kI udAttatA abhivyaMjita hai| esa dhamme dhuve niae sAsae jinndesie| - siddhA sijjhaMti cANeNa sijjhissaMti thaapre| uttara. 16/17 . 98 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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yaha brahmacarya dharma dhruva, nitya, zAzvata aura arhata ke dvArA upadiSTa hai| isakA pAlana kara aneka jIva siddha hue haiM, ho rahe haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI hoNge| prastuta saMdarbha meM dhuve, niae, sAsae zabda vizeSaNa-vakratA ke udAharaNa dhuve zabda viziSTa cAmatkArika hai| dhruva arthAt jo zramaNoM se pratiSThita aura para-pravAdiyoM se akhaMDita hai| brahmacarya-dharma kI utkRSTa vizeSatA isa vizeSaNa se dyotita kI gaI hai| 'dhruva' zabda 'dhru gatisthairyayoH' dhAtu se ac pratyaya karane para niSpanna hotA hai, jisakA artha hai gati aura sthirtaa| gatyarthaka dhAtueM jJAnArthaka hotI haiN| sAdhaka brahmacarya-dharma kI anupAlanA kara parama jJAna, parama sthiratA jo ki mokSa ke dharma haiM, usakI ora agrasara hai aura use prApta kara apane jJAna-svarUpa meM sthira ho jAtA hai| yahAM 'dhuve' zabda jJAna aura sthiratA kA biMbana kara rahA hai| niae yaha brahmacarya dharma nitya hai| niyataM bhavaH nityH| 'nityaM syAtsatate'pi ca zAzvate trissu|' dravyArthika naya kI apekSA jo apracyuta, anutpanna aura sthira svabhAva vAlA hai, jo trikAlavartI hotA hai, vaha nitya hai| ___ brahmacarya dharma kI traikAlika mahattA kA prakaTana 'niae' vizeSaNa se ho rahI hai| sAsae 'zazvad bhavaH shaashvtH|' zazvat zabda se aN pratyaya karane para zAzvata vyutpanna hotA hai| arthAt jo niraMtara banA rahatA hai vaha zAzvata hai| 'sAsae' vizeSaNa yahAM brahmacarya dharma kI sanAtanatA evaM nityavidyamAnatA ko prakaTa kara rahA hai| kahaM dhIre aheUhiM attANaM pariyAvase? savvasaMgavinimmukke siddha havai niire|| uttara. 18/53 uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 99 2010_03

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dhIra puruSa ekAnta dRSTimaya ahetukoM meM apane Apako kaise lagAe ? jo saba saMgoM se mukta hotA hai vaha karma rahita hokara siddha ho hotA hai / yahAM 'dhIra' vizeSaNa buddhi paripUrNatA guNa kI abhivyaMjanA kara rahA hai| dhI upapada pUrvaka 'rA dAne' evaM 'Ira gatau 0 dhAtu se dhIra zabda banatA hai| 'dhiyaM rAti iti dhIraH' jo buddhi detA hai, buddhi se vyApta rahatA hai vaha dhIra hai tathA 'dhiyamIrayati iti dhIraH ' jo dhI meM gamana karatA hai, vaha dhIra hai| Avazyaka cUrNikAra ne kahA - ' dhIH buddhistayA rAjanta iti dhIrAH jo buddhi se rAjita hotA hai vaha dhIra hai| 'vikArahetau sati vikriyante yeSAM na cetAMsi ta eva dhIrAH 42 vikAra kA hetu upasthita hone para bhI jisake citta meM vikAra utpanna nahIM hotA vaha dhIra hai| niSkarSataH jo buddhimAna hai, dUradarzI hai, svastha citta hai vaha dhIra hai / rAjA saMjaya ke lie prayukta dhIra vizeSaNa usakI caitasika - avikAryatA abhivyaMjita kara rahA hai| vahAM rAjA ne saMyata, mAnasika samAdhi se sampanna, vRkSa ke pAsa baiThe hue sukumAra aura sukha bhogane yogya sAdhu ko dekhaa| yahAM sAdhu ke lie prayukta 'saMjaya' tathA 'sukumAlaM' vizeSaNa dhyAtavya haiN| saMjayaM tattha so pAsaI sAhuM, saMjayaM susamAhiyaM / nisannaM rukkhamUlammi, sukumAlaM sUhoiyaM / uttara. 20/4 ,43 saMyata kauna hotA hai? cUrNikAra ke anusAra 'samaM yato saMyato " jo samagrarUpa se yatnavAna hai vaha saMyata hai| 'samyak yatate sadanuSThAnaM pratIti saMyata: 44 arthAt jo sad anuSThAna ke prati samyak yatna karatA hai, vaha saMyata hai| yahAM sAdhu mokSamUlaka anuSThAna ke prati jAgarUka hai, yatnazIla hai| isalie 'saMjaya' vizeSaNa sAdhvocita hai| 100 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana

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sukumAlaM , 45 sukumAra zabda kI utpatti su upasarga pUrvaka 'kumAra krIDAyAm" dhAtu se 'gha' pratyaya karane para huI hai| ,46 'sukumAraM tu komalaM mRdulaM mRduH / " muni sukumAra zarIravAlA - krIr3A karane yogya hai| aise muni ko kaThora tapa meM saMlagna dekha, rAjA vismaya se bhara jAtA hai| yahAM 'sukumAlaM' zabda prayoga se muni kI zArIrika avikAryatA ke sAtha anAvila rUpa-saundarya kA udghATana ho rahA hai| sukumAra zabda samyak rUpa se avidyA - vinAza ke artha kA pratipAdaka bhI hai- 'su suSTa rUpeNa kuM avidyA mArayatIti sukumAraH' jo avidyA karmamala rAgAdi kA samyak rUpa se vinAza kara cukA hai vaha sukumAra hai / isa vizeSaNa se muni kI avidyAvihInatA bhI abhivyaMjita hai| aha teNeva kAleNaM dhammatitthayare jiNe / bhagavaM vaddhamANo tti savvalogammi vissue | uttara. 23/5 usa samaya bhagavAna vardhamAna vihAra kara rahe the| ve dharma-tIrtha ke prarvataka, jina aura pUre loka meM vizruta the| yahAM vardhamAna ke lie prayukta vizeSaNa bhagavaM, dhammatitthayare, jiNe, vissu Adi vimarzanIya hai| bhagavaM bhaga ko dhAraNa karatA hai vaha bhagavAna hai| bhaga zabda SaDaizvarya se yukta hai aizvaryasya samagrasya dharmasya yazasaH zriyaH / jJAnavairAgyozcaiva SaNNAM bhaga itIryate / / bhaga zabda se matup pratyaya karane para bhagavAna banatA hai| 'bhagaM mAhAtmyamasyAstIti jo mAhAtmya vAlA ho vaha bhagavAna hai| , 47 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM kahA hai issariyarUvasirijasadhammatayattA mayA bhagAbhikkhA tAtparyArtha - jo aizvaryavAna hai, jJAna, vairAgya, zobhA Adi vibhUtiyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai vaha bhagavAna hai| vardhamAna ina guNoM se vibhUSita hai isIlie bhagavAna vizeSaNa pada aucityUparNa hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 2010_03 48 101

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dhammatitthayare : mahAvIra sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA karane ke kAraNa dharmatIrtha ke prarvataka khlaaye| jiNe : 'jiM jaye 19 dhAtu se nak pratyaya karane para jina banatA hai| rAga-dveSa ko jo jItatA hai vaha jina kahalAtA hai| vardhamAna ne AtmA ke sAtha yuddha kara AMtarika zatruoM ko parAsta kiyA ataH 'jiNe' vizeSaNa sAbhiprAya vissue : tInoM lokoM meM unakA yaza vyApta thA isalie vizruta khlaaye| isa prakAra ye vizeSaNa vardhamAna kI aura bhI vizeSatAoM ko ujAgara karane ke kAraNa vizeSaNa-vakratA se anvita hai| saMvRti-vakratA saMvRti kA artha hai chipaanaa| isameM vastu ke svarUpagopana meM hI vakratA kA samAveza hotA hai| jahAM vastu ke utkarSa, lokottaratA yA anirvacanIyatA kI pratIti karAne ke lie athavA lokottaratA kI pratIti ko sImita hone se bacAne ke lie sarvanAma se AcchAdita kara usakA dyotana kiyA jAtA hai, vahAM saMvRtivakratA hotI hai| AcArya kuntaka ne likhA hai yatra saMviyate vastu vaicitryvivkssyaa| sarvanAmadibhiH kazcit soktA sNvRtivkrtaa|| jaba saundarya yA vaicitrya ke pratipAdana ke lie sarvanAma Adi ke dvArA padArtha kA gopana yA saMvaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, use saMvRtivakratA kahate haiN| dhvanikAra AcArya AnaMdavardhana ne ise sarvanAmavyaMjakatva ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA tathA asaMlakSyakramavyaMgyadhvani kA AdhAra maanaa| tato haM nAho jAo appaNo ya parassa yA savvesiM ceva bhUyANaM tasANa thAvarANa ya|| uttara. 20/35 taba maiM apanA aura dUsaroM kA tathA sabhI trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kA nAtha ho gyaa| jo svayaM duHkha mukta hai tathA dUsaroM ko bhI duHkha se mukti dilAne meM samartha hai vaha nAtha hai| 102 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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jo yoga (aprApya vastu kI prApti) kSema (prApya vastu kA saMrakSaNa) karane vAlA hotA hai, vaha nAtha kahalAtA hai| duHkhoM kA dAsa, kaSAyoM se abhibhUta vyakti kabhI kisI kA nAtha nahIM bana sktaa| yahAM anAtha se nAtha banane kI yAtrA, svAmI banane kI kalA 'haM' (ahaM) sarvanAma dvArA saMvRta hai| isIlie anAthI muni ke svAmI, sAmarthyavAna, aizvaryavAna banane kA dyotaka 'haM' (ahaM) sarvanAma sArthaka hai| giriM revavayaM jantI vAseNullA u aNtraa| vAsaMte aMdhayArammi aMto layaNasya sA ThiyA|| uttara. 22/33 vaha raivataka parvata para jA rahI thii| bIca meM varSA se bhIga gii| varSA ho rahI thI, aMdherA chAyA huA thA, usa samaya vaha layana (guphA) meM Thahara gii| yahAM 'sA' pada sarvanAma hai| tad zabda se strIliMga meM Ap pratyaya karane para sA banatA hai| isa pada ke dvArA rAjImatI kI guNavattA, cAritrika udAttatA, rUpa-zIla ramaNIyatA Adi abhivyaMjita ho rahe haiN| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne tapovana vardhitA bAlA kI vRkSa Adi para sodara-sneha kI bhASAbhivyakti 'sA' sarvanAma pada se kI hai - pAtuM na prathamaM vyavasyati jalaM yuSmAsvapIteSuyA nAdatte priyamaNDanA'pi bhavatAM snehena yA pllvm| Adyai vaH kusumaprasUtisamaye yasyA bhavatyutsavaH seyaM yAti zakuntalA patigRhaM srvairnujnyaaytaam|| yahAM 'sA' pada se zakuntalA kA prakRti se apatya-sneha, rUpa saundarya, guNa saundarya prakaTa ho rahA hai| uggao vimalo bhANU svvlogppbhNkro| so karissai ujjoyaM savvalogaMmi paanninn|| uttara. 23/76 samUce loka meM prakAza karane vAlA eka vimala bhAnu ugA hai| vaha pUre loka meM prANiyoM ke lie prakAza kregaa| ajJAna/moha rUpI aMdhakAra ko naSTa karane ke lie mahAvIra rUpI sUrya kA udaya ho gayA hai| yahAM ajJAnatimiraharaNatA tathA prakhara tejasvitA ke citraNa meM 'so' sarvanAma samartha hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 103 2010_03

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bAlamaraNANi bahuso akAmamaraNANi ceva ya bhuunni| marihiMti te varAyA jiNavayaNaM je na jaannNti|| uttara. 36/261 jo prANI jinavacanoM se paricita nahIM hai, ve becAre aneka bAra bAlamaraNa tathA akAmamaraNa karate rheNge| Apta-vacana jinake kAnoM meM praviSTa nahIM huA hai unakI sthiti dayanIya banatI hai, unakA saMsArabhramaNa anivArya hai-isakA biMbana yahAM 'te' sarvanAma se huA hai| vRtti-vaicitrya-vakratA vRtti se abhiprAya vyAkaraNa ke samAsa, taddhita Adi se hai| jahAM kisI vizeSa samAsa Adi ke prayoga se bhASA meM saundarya A jAtA hai, vahAM vRttivaicitrya-vakratA kahalAtI hai| AcArya kuntaka ne likhA hai - avyayIbhAvamukhyAnAM vRttInAM rmnniiytaa| yatrollasati sA jJeyA vRttivaicitryvkrtaa||3 'tavosamAyArisamAhisaMvuDe'(1/47) arthAt vaha tapaH sAmAcArI aura samAdhi se saMvRta hotA hai| tapaH sAmAcArisamAdhisaMvRtaH tapaH sAmAcArisamAdhayaH taiH saMvRtaH tapaH saamaacaarismaadhisNvRtH| yahAM dvandva samAsa tathA tRtIyA tatpuruSa samAsa hai| isa vRtti-vaicitryavakratA se vinIta ziSya kI udAttatA kA varNana yahAM samAsa-vRtti vakratA kA prANa hai| 'sa devagaMdhavvamaNussapUie caittu dehaM mlpNkpuvvyN|' uttara. 1/48 deva, gandharva aura manuSyoM se pUjita vaha vinIta ziSya mala aura paMka se bane hue zarIra ko tyAgakara yA to zAzvata siddha hotA hai yA alpakarma vAlA maharddhika deva hotA hai| devagandharvamanuSyapUjitaH-devAzca gandharvAzca manuSyAzca iti devagandharvamanuSyAH taiH pUjitaH iti devgndhrvmnussypuujitH| yahAM para bhI dvandva .. samAsa va tRtIyA tatpuruSa kA prayoga huA hai| 104 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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malapaMkapUrvakam -malazca paMkazca iti malapaMkau tau pUrvI yasya tat mlpNkpuurvkm| yahAM dvandva samAsa tathA bahubrIhi kA prayoga se vinIta ziSya kI sarvatra pUjyatA tathA antima phala svarUpa zAzvata siddhi kI prApti lakSita hai| 'bhogAmisadosavisaNNe hiynisseysbuddhivocctthe|' (uttara. 8/5) arthAt AtmA ko dUSita karane vAle Asaktijanya bhoga meM nimagna hita aura niHzreyas meM viparIta buddhi vAlA yahAM bhogAmiSadoSaniSaNNa :-bhogAzca AmiSaH iti bhogAmiSaH, bhogAbhiSadoSe viSaNNaH itibhogAmiSadoSaviSaNNaH -yahAM SaSThI tatpuruSa, saptamI tatpuruSa samAsa prayukta hai| vyatyastahitaniHzreyasabuddhi :-hitaJca niHzreyasazca iti hitaniHzreyasau, hitaniHzreyasayorbuddhiH hitaniHzreyasabuddhiH vyatyastA hitaniHzreyasabuddhiryasya sa vytysthitniHshreysbuddhiH| dvandva, SaSThI tatpuruSa tathA bahubrIhi kA prayoga ajJAnI kI bhogAsakti tathA mokSa se viparIta AcaraNa ke prasaMga meM samAsavRtti- vaicitryavakratA ke rUpa meM darzanIya hai| liMga-vaicitrya vakratA yaha vakratA liMga-parivartana ke dvArA utpanna hotI hai| bhASA meM saundarya utpanna karane hetu eka hI vastu ke lie eka sAtha bhinna-liMgIya zabdoM kA prayoga tathA jo mAnavIya bhAva yA kriyA jisa liMga ke vyakti ke svabhAva se adhika anurUpatA rakhatI hai usa bhAva yA kriyA ke prasaMga meM usI liMga vAle zabda kA prayoga bhI liMga-vaicitrya vakratA hai|4|| paciMdiyANi kohaM mANaM mAyaM taheva lohaM c| . dujjayaM ceva appANaM savvaM appe jie jiy|| uttara. 9/36 pAMca indriyAM, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura mana-ye durjeya haiN| eka AtmA ko jIta lene para ye saba jIta lie jAte haiN| yahAM kohaM, mANaM Adi meM- pulliga ke sthAna para napuMsakaliMga kA prayoga liMga-vaicitrya vakratA janya camatkAra upasthita karatA hai| krodha Adi AtmA ke bAhara ke dharma hai, Atmadharma nhiiN| inakA napuMsakaliMga meM parivartana bAharI dharma kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie huA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 105 2010_03

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krodha Adi ko jItanA hai, AtmA se bAhara haTAnA hai to vaha napuMsakaliMga ke prayoga se hI saMbhava hai| damana nirvIrya kA hI ho sakatA hai vIryavAna kA nhiiN| ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM liMga vyatyaya kA eka kAraNa 'ArSam' sUtra bhI hai| jahA ya kiMpAgakalA maNoramA raseNa vaNNeNa ya bhujnamANA / te khuDDue jIviya paccamANA eovamA kAmaguNA vivAge || uttara. 32/20 jaise kiMpAka phala khAne ke samaya rasa aura varNa se manorama hote haiM aura paripAka ke samaya jIvana kA anta kara dete haiM, kAmaguNa vipAka kAla meM aise hI hote haiN| yahAM kAmaguNa rUpa upameya jo pulliMga hai, unake lie kiMpAka - phala upamAna banAyA gayA tathA maNoramA, bhujjamANA, paccamANA Adi meM napuMsaka ke sthAna para pulliMga ke prayoga dvArA liMga - vaicitrya vakratA kA udAharaNa banA hai| liMga-parivartana kI apekSA kyoM huI? isa sandarbha meM kahA jA sakatA hai - prathama kAraNa samAnAdhikaraNa ( upamAna aura upameya meM ) hai| kAmaguNoM kI bhayaMkaratA ko abhivyakta karane ke lie bhI liMgavyatyaya huA hai| yadi kiMpAgaphalA kI jagaha kiMpAgaphalAni kahate to utanI bhayaMkaratA, durdharSatA nahIM AtI jitanI 'kiMpAgaphalA' se prakaTa huI hai| kyoMki koI nirvIrya / napuMsaka aneka logoM kA saMhAra kareM, yaha bAta buddhigamya nahIM / kAraNa, usameM utanA sAmarthya hI nhiiN| ataH durdharSatA kI abhivyakti pulliMga se hI saMbhava hai, isalie bhI liMga- vyatyaya huA hai| kriyA- vaicitrya vakratA 106 kriyA sambandhI vicitratA kriyA- vaicitrya vakratA kahalAtI hai| karttRratyantarayatvaM kartrantaravicitratA / svavizeSaNavaicitryamupacAramanojJatA / / karmAdisaMvRtiH paJca prastutaucityacAravaH / kriyAvaicitryavakratvaprakArAsta ime smRtAH // 55 kriyA - vaicitryavakratA ke aneka rUpa haiM 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana

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1. vastu ke vaiziSTya ko vyaMjita karane ke lie viziSTa artha vAlI dhAtu kA pryog| kartA ke dvArA loka meM aprasiddha kriyA ke sampAdana kA kathana 3. kartA ke dvArA anya kartA kI apekSA vicitra kriyA ke sampAdana kA kthn| vizeSaNa ke dvArA kriyA meM arthavizeSa ke vyaMjakatva kA aadhaan| 5. ramaNIyatA kA bodha karAne ke lie anya para anya kI kriyA kA aarop| 6. kisI atizaya yA anivarcanIyatA kI pratIti hetu kriyA ke karmAdi kArakoM kI sNvRtti| AnaMdavardhana ne ise tiGanta vyaMjakatA kahA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke kavi kI asmitA kriyAvakratA ke mAdhyama se bar3e prabhAvI va antaHsparzI rUpa meM vyakta huI hai - saMjogA vippamukkassa aNagArassa bhikkhunno| viNayaM pAukarissAmi ANupubbiM suNeha me|| uttara. 1/1 jo saMyoga se mukta hai, anagAra hai, bhikSu hai, usake vinaya ko kramazaH prakaTa kruuNgaa| mujhe suno| 'viNayaM pAukarissAmi' arthAta vinaya ko prakaTa kruuNgaa| prakaTa karanA mUrta kA dharma hai aura vinaya amUrta hai, yahAM para amUrta vinaya ko mUrta ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| vinaya kI utkRSTatA ke pratipAdana ke lie amUrta para mUrttatva kA Aropa huA hai| rAga-dveSa rahita bhikSu ke citta meM hI vinaya kA avasthAna ho sakatA hai| yaha upacAra-vakratA kA utkRSTa nidarzana hai| yahAM 'pAukarissAmi' meM kriyA-vakratA hai| nirUvissAmi, kahissAmi Adi kriyAoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jA sakatA thA lekina isI kA hI kyoM kiyA? tAtparya hai vinaya dharma kA maiMne sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai, hRdaya se use jIyA hai aura aba loka sAmAnya ke lie prakaTa kara rahA huuN| yahAM upadeSTA meM upadezya pUrNa rUpa se ghaTita hai, isa bAta kA prakaTIkaraNa 'pAukarissAmi' kriyA se ho rahA hai, sAtha hI pratyakSa anubhUti kI vyaMjanA ho rahI hai| vahI upadeza saphala hotA hai jise upadezaka ne pahale svayaM ke jIvana meM utArA hai phira saMsAra ko preraNA dI hai| .. uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 107 2010_03

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bhikSu kauna hotA hai? isakA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa isa gAthA meM huA hai, jo kramazaH vikAsa kA sUcaka hai| jo bAhya aura Abhyantara saMyogoM se vimukta hai, rAga-dveSa se mukta hai vahI anagAra ho sakatA hai-'AgAraM gharaM taM jassa natthi so anngaaro|' jo anagAra hai, tapazcaryA se yukta hai vahI bhikSu hai aura aise bhikSu ke vinaya kA maiM pratipAdana kara rahA huuN| 'suNeha' kriyA se sarvAtmanA sunane kI bAta prakaTa ho rahI hai| devadANavagaMdhavvA jkkhrkkhsskinnraa| baMbhayAriM namasaMti dukkaraM je karaMti t|| uttara. 16/16 usa brahmacArI ko deva, dAnava, gandharva, yakSa, rAkSasa aura kinnara-ye sabhI namaskAra karate haiM, jo duSkara brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai| 'nama prahvatve zabde ca' dhAtu se niSpanna 'namaMsaMti' kriyA brahmacarya ke mahattva kA pratipAdana kara rahI hai| nam dhAtu kA artha hai- namaskAra karanA, vandanA karanA, sammAna denA, jhukanA, abhivAdana karanA (sammAna sUcaka lakSaNa), adhIna honA aadi| yahAM nam dhAtu se kevala namaskAra karanA artha hI nahIM hai apitu Adara denA, sammAna denA, pUrNa samarpita ho jAnA Adi abhivyaMjita haiM kyoMki kAmadeva ko apane vaza meM karanA mahA duSkara hai| jo isa kaThinatama kArya ko sAdhate haiM una damIzvaroM ko deva, dAnava, rAkSasa sabhI zraddhApraNata ho namaskAra karate haiM, unake vinaya ke vazIbhUta ho jAte hai yaha tAtparya namasaMti kriyA se prakaTa ho rahA hai| deva, dAnava Adi ke dvArA brahmacArI ke brahmacarya kA teja bar3hAne meM namasaMti kriyA sahAyaka banI hai| kaNakuNDagaM caittANaM viTThe bhuMjai suuyre| evaM sIlaM caittANaM dussIle ramaI mie|| uttara.1/5 jisa prakAra sUara cAvaloM kI bhUsI ko chor3akara viSThA khAtA hai, vaise hI ajJAnI bhikSu zIla ko chor3akara duHzIla meM ramaNa karatA hai| bhuMjai kriyA se yahAM sUara kA viSThA khAne meM tanmayatva abhivyaMjita ho rahA hai| sUara ko acche padArtha khAne ke lie mila jAe para use to viSThA khAne meM hI AnaMda AtA hai, sugaMdhita dravyoM meM nhiiN| sUara ke dRSTAnta se kavi kahanA cAhatA hai ki ajJAnI sadAcAra ko chor3akara durAcAra meM ramaNa karane ke lie tatpara hotA hai| pavitra AcaraNa meM ajJAnI vyakti kI asamarthatA 'bhuMjai' kriyA se parilakSita huI hai| 108 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana / ____ 2010_03

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'ramu krIDAyAm' dhAtu se niSpanna 'ramai' kriyA isa bAta kI ora saMketa kara rahI hai ki ajJAnI bhikSu pUre mana se duHzIla meM hI ramaNa karatA hai| __ bhikkhaTThA baMbhaijjammi jannavADaM uvddio|| uttara. 12/3 vaha bhikSA lene ke lie yajJa-maNDapa meM upasthita huA, jahAM brAhmaNa yajJa kara rahe the| upa upasargapUrvaka sthA dhAtu se kta pratyaya hokara bhUtakAlika kRdantakriyA-rUpa 'uvaTThio' kriyA-vaicitrya-vakratA kA udAharaNa hai| upa kA artha hai-nikaTatA, samIpa, sAmane aadi| yajJa-maNDapa meM AyA huA muni bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM rUpa se eka samAna hai| vaha jIvana nirvahana ke lie kucha bhojana hetu upasthita hai, sAmane khar3A hai| vaha bhojana jo yajJa hetu sahaja niSpanna hai usameM se hI mAdhukarI vRtti ke AzrayaNa hetu AyA hai| yahAM 'uvaDhioM' kriyA ke dvArA kavi ne harikezI muni ke abhiprAya ko zAlInatApUrvaka abhivyaMjita karane kA kauzala dikhAyA hai| annassa aTThA ihamAgao mi| uttara. 12/9 maiM sahaja niSpanna bhojana pAne ke lie yahAM AyA huuN| A upasargapUrvaka gam dhAtu se kta pratyaya lagakara niSpanna 'Agao' kriyA se gamana aura jJAna donoM abhivyaMjita hai| 'maiM bhikSA ke lie AyA haM' ajJAnI banakara, vanIpaka banakara nahIM kintu sAdhu yogya kartavya, eSaNIyaaneSaNIya ko acchI taraha jAnatA huA yahAM AyA huuN| anya bhikSuoM se alagAva bhI Agao kriyA se prakaTa ho rahA hai| 'bhajjaM jAyai kesvo'| uttara. 22/6 arthAt kezava ne ariSTanemi ke lie rAjImatI kI yAcanA kii| 'jAyai' kriyA-vaicitrya kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| 'yAca yAJcAyAm' dhAtu se te pratyaya lagakara AtmanepadIya yAcate rUpa banatA hai, jisakA artha hai-mAMganA, yAcanA karanA, nivedana karanA, prArthanA karanA aadi| kezava ne ugrasena ke pAsa jAkara ariSTanemi ke lie surUpA rAjImatI kI sasammAna yAcanA kii| 'jAyai' kriyA-vyApAra se kezava kI icchA ko mUrta rUpa milane kA avasara prApta huA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 109 2010_03

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pada - parArdha - vakratA isakA sambandha zabda ke uttarArdha aMza yA pratyaya Adi se hai| ise pratyaya- vakratA bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM pratyaya kI vakratA yA ramaNIyatA kA varNana hotA hai| isake chaH prakAra haiM kAlavaicitrya-vakratA jaba kAla yA samaya - vizeSa para camatkAra Azrita ho to use kAlavaicitrya - vakratA kahate hai| isameM aucitya ke anukUla samaya ramaNIyatA yA camatkAra ko prApta karatA hai - -- aucityAntaratamyena samayo ramaNIyatAm / 56 yAti yatra bhavatyeSA kAlavaicitryavakratA / / na tassa dukkhaM vibhayaMti nAio na mittavaggA na suyA na baMdhavA | ekko sayaM paccaNuhoi dukkhaM kattAramevaM aNujAi kamma || uttara. 13/23 jJAti, mitra- varga, putra aura bAndhava usakA duHkha nahIM baMTA skte| vaha svayaM akelA duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai| kyoMki karma karttA kA anugamana karatA hai| isa prasaMga meM 'vibhayaMti' tathA 'aNujAi' vartamAnakAlika kriyA ramaNIyatA kA AdhAra hai| isameM AtmakartRtva mukhara huA hai| karma kA siddhAMta nitAMta vyakti para Azrita hai| vyakti ke sukha-duHkha meM koI dUsarA hissA nahIM baMTAtA - svayaM use bhoganA par3atA hai| yaha AtmakartRtva- bhoktRtva yahAM kAla para Azrita hai| 110 jai taM kAhisi bhAvaM jA jA dacchasi nArio / vAyAviddho vva ho aTThiappA bhavissasi // uttara. 22/44 yadi tU striyoM ko dekha unake prati isa prakAra rAga-bhAva karegA to vAyu se Ahata haDa (jalIya vanaspati) kI taraha asthitAtmA ho jaaegaa| 'bhavissasi' kriyA meM yahAM kAlagata camatkAra hai| rAga-bhAva ke Agamana se hI sthitaprajJatA kA lopa ho jAtA hai| yadi usakA Agamana ho jAegA to AtmA kI sthiti kyA hogI ? yaha AtmaviSayaka bhaya-vyaMjanA bhavissasi kriyA se prakaTa ho rahI hai| 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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kAraka-vakratA isameM kAraka kI vicitratA hI ramaNIyatA kA AdhAra hotI hai| isa vakratA meM kavi kisI kathya kI abhivyakti meM kArakoM kA viparyaya kara detA hai| kAraka-vakratA ko nirdiSTa karate hue AcArya kuntaka likhate haiM yatra kAraka sAmAnyaM prAdhAnyena nibdhyte| tttvaadhyaaropnnaanmukhygunnbhaavaabhidhaantH|| paripoSayituM kAMcid bhNgiibhnnitirmytaam| kArakANAM viparyAsaH soktA kaarkvkrtaa||7 sAmAnya kAraka kA pradhAna rUpa se yA pradhAna kAraka kA sAmAnya rUpa se kathana kara kisI apUrva bhaMgimA kA pratipAdana kiyA jAya to kArakavakratA hotI hai| yahAM karttA ko karma yA karaNa, karma yA karaNa ko kartA, acetanatva para cetanatva yA gauNa kArakoM para kartRtva kA Aropa kiyA jAtA uttarAdhyayana meM kAraka-vakratA ke katipaya udAharaNa draSTavya hai - 'viNae Thaveja appANaM' uttara. 1/6 manuSya apane Apako vinaya meM sthApita kre| 'viNae' saptamI vibhakti AdhAra svarUpa adhikaraNa kA rUpa hai| AdhAra vahI hogA jo mUrta ho| yahAM amUrta kA mUrttatva-AdhAratva ke rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 'pAvadihi tti mannaI' uttara. 1/38 pApadRSTi aisA mAnatA hai| pApa se yukta dRSTi yA pApapUrNa dRSTi pApadRSTi hai| yahAM pApadRSTi vAlA ziSya (avinIta ziSya) guru ke kalyANakArI vacana ko bhI anyathA mAnatA hai| yAni pApadRSTi para kartRtva kA Aropa huA hai| kAraka-vaicitrya kA yaha utkRSTa nidarzana hai| 'khippaM na sakkei vivegameuM tamhA samuTThAya pahAya kaame|' uttara. 4/10 koI bhI manuSya viveka ko tatkAla prApta nahIM kara sktaa| isalie uTho, kAmabhogoM ko chodd'o| uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 111 2010_03

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yahAM 'pahAya kAme' kAmanAoM ko chor3o-chor3anA mUrta kA dharma hai, kAmanAeM amUrta hai| yahAM amUrta kAmanAoM para mUrta-chor3ane ko Aropita kiyA hai| mUrtta karma ke sthala meM amUrta karma kA prayoga kAraka-vaicitrya-vakratA hai| isI prakAra adINamaNaso (2/3) prathamA ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti, duruttaraM (5/1) saptamI ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti (TIkAkAra ne ise kriyAvizeSaNa bhI mAnA hai), mAyA (9/54) tRtIyA ke artha meM prathamA vibhakti, mittesu (11/8) caturthI ke artha meM saptamI vibhakti,savvakammavinimmukkaM (25/ 32) prathamA ke artha meM dvitIyA-Adi udAharaNa kAraka-vakratA se maMDita hai| vacana (saMkhyA) vakratA kurvanti kaavyvaicitryvivkssaaprtNtritaaH| yatra saMkhyAviparyAsaM tAM saMkhyAvakratAM viduH||18 jaba kavi atyadhika saundarya-sRSTi ke lie kAvya meM vacana-viparyaya icchApUrvaka kara de to vahAM saMkhyA-vakratA hotI hai| isakA prayojana tATasthya Adi bhAva kI pratIti karAnA hai| yaha asaMlakSyakramavyaMgya dhvani kA hetu hai| yathA tattha ThiccA jahAThANaM jakkhA Aukkhae cuyaa| uventi mANusaM joNiM se dsNge'bhijaayii| uttara. 3/16 ve deva una kalpoM meM apanI zIla-ArAdhanA ke anurUpa sthAnoM meM rahate hue Ayu-kSaya hone para vahAM se cyuta hote haiN| phira manuSya yoni ko prApta hote haiN| ve vahAM dasa aMgoM vAlI bhoga sAmagrI se yukta hote haiN| yahAM bahuvacana ke sthAna para ekavacana 'se' kA prayoga vacana kI ramaNIyatA kA abhivyaMjaka hai| asaMkhayaM jIviya mA pamAyae jarovaNIyassa hu natthi taannN| .. evaM viyANahi jaNe pamatte kaNNu vihiMsA ajayA ghiti|| uttara. 4/1 112 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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jIvana sAdhA nahIM jA sakatA, isalie pramAda mata kro| bur3hApA Ane para koI zaraNa nahIM hotaa| pramAdI, hiMsaka aura avirata manuSya kisakI zaraNa leMge yaha vicAra kro| yahAM sAmUhika prayoga kI abhivyakti ke lie 'jaNe pamatte' meM bahuvacana ke sthAna para ekavacana kA prayoga adhika cAmatkAraka tathA AhlAdaka hai| upagraha-vakratA jaba kavi aucitya ke kAraNa ramaNIyatA kI utpatti ke lie Atmanepada evaM parasmaipada meM se kisI eka kA prayoga kare to upagraha-vakratA hotI hai - padayorubhayorekamaucityAd viniyujyte| zobhAyai yatra jalpanti taamupgrhvkrtaam|| upagraha vicalana kavi-kathana kI vakratA ko vilakSaNa ramaNIyatA pradAna kara rahA hai - Ahacca savaNaM ladhuM saddhA prmdullhaa| soccA neAuyaM maggaM bahave pribhsshii| uttara. 3/9 kadAcit dharma suna lene para bhI usameM zraddhA honA parama durlabha hai| bahuta loga mokSa kI ora le jAne vAle mArga ko sunakara bhI usase bhraSTa ho jAte haiN| yahAM zraddhA nahIM hone se acchI bAtoM meM bhI AcaraNa kI asamarthatA ke kAraNa bhraSTatA ke dyotana meM paribhassaI' kA prayoga upagrahavakratA ke saundarya ko vyakta karatA hai| sakkhaM khu dIsai tavoviseso na dIsai jAivisesa koii| sovAgaputte hariesasAhU jasserisA iDhi mhaannubhaagaa|| uttara. 12/37 yaha pratyakSa hI tapa kI mahimA dIkha rahI hai, jAti kI koI mahimA nahIM hai| jisakI Rddhi aisI mahAna hai, vaha harikeza muni cANDAla kA putra hai| uccatA aura nIcatA kA mAnadaMDa tapa, saMyama aura pavitratA hI hai, jAti nahIM isake prastAvana meM 'dRz prekSaNe'60 dhAtu se niSpanna 'dIsai' kA prayoga cAmatkAraka hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 113 2010_03

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pratyaya-vakratA jaba kavi pratyayoM se bhinna eka pratyaya meM anya pratyaya ko lagAkara saundarya kI sRSTi kare to pratyaya-vakratA hotI hai| isameM sAmAnyataH pratyayoM ke camatkAra para bala diyA jAtA hai| pratyaya jaba apUrva ramaNIyatA kare to yaha vakratA hogii| vihitaH pratyayAdanyaH pratyayaH kmniiytaam| yatra kAmapi puSNAti sAnyA prtyyvkrtaa||51 uttarAdhyayana meM pratyaya-vakratA - devattaM mANusattaM ca jaM jie lolyaasddhe| uttara. 7/17 lolupa aura vaMcaka puruSa devatva aura manuSyatva se pahale hI hAra jAtA deva zabda div dhAtu se ac pratyaya karane para banatA hai| pahale se hI ac pratyaya vidyamAna hai, usake bAda 'tva' (prAkRta tta) pratya lagA hai| mAnuSa zabda meM ap aura suk (sa) pratyaya kI vidyamAnatA meM hI tva pratyaya aura lagAkara zabda-saundarya meM abhivRddhi kI gaI hai aura yaha zabda : manuSya-bhAva kA abhidhAyaka zabda hai| 'uvasaMta mohaNijjo, saraI porANiyaM jaaiN|| uttara. 9/1 nami rAjA kA moha upazAMta thA, isalie use pUrvajanma kI smRti huii| yahAM 'porANiyaM' zabda pratyaya-vakratA kI dRSTi se vicAraNIya hai| purANa zabda se ika pratya karane para paurANika zabda banatA hai| prAkRta meM porANiya tathA dvitIyA ekavacana meM porANiyaM banatA hai| upasarga-vakratA jaba upasarga kA camatkArapUrNa prayoga zabda evaM artha kI ramaNIyatA vidhAyaka ho to upasarga-vakratA hotI hai| vakroktikAra ke zabdoM meM - rasAdidyotanaM ysyaamupsrgnipaatyoH|| vAkyaikajIvitatvena sAparA pdvkrtaa||2 jahAM bhAvavizeSa kI vyaMjanA dvArA upasarga bhI rasadyotana meM sahAyaka 114 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ____ 2010_03

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hotA hai, vahAM upasarga-vakratA hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana kA prasaMga isa saMdarbha meM draSTavya hai - rahanemI ahaM bhadde surUve! caarubhaasinni|| mamaM bhayAhi suyaNU! na te pIlA bhvissii| uttara. 22/37 bhadre! maiM rathanemi huuN| surUpe! cArUbhASiNi! tU mujhe svIkAra kr| sutanu! tujhe koI pIr3A nahIM hogii| kAmAsakta rathanemi svayaM ko aMgIkAra karane ke lie rAjImatI ko surUve!, suyaNa! Adi sambodhanoM se yAcanA kara rahA hai| karmadhAraya aura bahuvrIhi samAsa banAne ke lie saMjJA zabdoM se pUrva su jor3A jAtA hai, vizeSaNa aura kriyAvizeSaNoM meM bhI jur3atA hai|63 yahAM surUve, suyaNU meM 'su' upasarga ke dvArA rAjImatI kA zarIrasaundaryAtizaya abhivyaMjita hai| usake zArIrika saundarya ke AdhAra para rathanemi kA AkarSaNa bhI abhivyakta hotA hai| jahA aggisihA dittA pAuM hoi sudukkrN| taha dukkaraM kareuM je tAruNNe smnnttnn|| uttara. 19/39 jaise prajvalita agnizikhA ko pInA bahuta hI kaThina kArya hai vaise hI yauvana meM zramaNa-dharma kA pAlana karanA kaThina hai| dus upasarga 'burAI', 'kaThinAI' kA artha prakaTa karane ke lie svarAdi tathA ghoSavarNAdi se Arambha hone vAle zabdoM se pUrva lagAyA jAtA hai| yahAM su, dus upasarga zramaNa-dharma ke pAlana kI, saMyamajIvana ke svIkAra kI atyadhika kaThinatA ko vyakta kara rahA hai| nipAta-vakratA nipAta kA eka artha hai-avyaya, vaha zabda jisake aura rUpa na bne|64 jahAM nipAta bhAva-vizeSa kI vyaMjanA dvArA rasadyotana meM sahAyaka hotA hai, vahAM nipAtavakratA hotI hai| nipAtasvarAdayo'vyayam'65 nipAta kI avyaya saMjJA hotI hai| vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se vaha zabda jisake rUpa meM vacana, liMga Adi ke kAraNa koI vikAra nahIM hotA - uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 115 ____ 2010_03

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sadRzaM triSu liGgeSu sarvAsu ca vibhktinnu| vacaneSu ca sarveSu yanna vyeti tdvym||56 yAska ne avyayoM (nipAtoM) ko tIna rUpoM meM vargIkRta kiyA haiM - 1. upamArthaka-iva, yathA, na, cit, vA aadi| 2. pAdapUraNArthaka-u, khalu, nUnam, hi, sim aadi| 3. karmopasaMgrahArthaka (arthasaMgrahArthaka)-ca, vA, samaM, saha aadi| Agama meM prayukta avyayoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1. taddhitAnta, 2. kRdanta, 3. rUr3ha taddhitAnta taddhitapratyayoM se niSpanna avyaya taddhitAnta kahalAte haiN| yathA-tattha, iha, egayA, savvao aadi| 'egayA khattio hoi tao caMDAla vokkso|' uttara. 3/4 vahI jIva kabhI kSatriya hotA hai, kabhI cANDAla, kabhI bokks| 'egayA' kAlavAcI taddhita pratyAnta avyaya hai| eka zabda se kAla artha meM 'dA' pratyaya karane se ekadA rUpa banatA hai| yahAM 'egayA' avyaya kRtakarmoM ke anusAra manuSyoM ke saMsAra bhramaNa kA sUcaka hai| 'tao' avyaya tad zabda se tas pratyaya lagakara niSpanna huA hai| 'tattha ThiccA jahAThANaM jakkhA Aukkhae cuyaa|' uttara. 3/16 ve deva una kalpoM meM apanI zIla-ArAdhanA ke anurUpa sthAnoM meM rahate hue Ayu-kSaya hone para vahAM se cyuta hote haiN| tattha avyaya kAla evaM dezavAcaka hai| yaha usa sthAna para, vahAM, usa ora, usake lie Adi arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| tad sarvanAma zabda se taddhita kA bal pratyaya karane para tatra zabda banatA hai| prAkRta meM 'val' pratyaya . ke sthAna para hi, ha, ttha kA prayoga hotA hai|68 116 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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kRdanta kRtya pratyayoM ke yoga se hone vAle avyaya kRdanta hai| jaise-NaccA, vosijja, abhibhUya aadi| 'cauraMgaM dullahaM naccA saMjamaM pddivjjiyaa|' uttara. 3/20 cAra aMgoM (manuSyatva, zruti, zraddhA, vIrya) ko durlabha mAnakara saMyama svIkAra karate haiN| 'jJA avabodhane'69 dhAtu se tvA pratyaya lagakara saMskRta rUpa NatvA kA prAkRta meM naccA rUpa banatA hai| jisakA artha hai samyak rUpa se jaankr| samyak rUpa se jAne binA kisI bhI siddhAMta kA vyAvahArika AcaraNa nahIM hotA hai| yahAM naccA avyaya cAra aMgoM kI durlabhatA kA jJAna karAkara zAMtarasa kI udbhAvanA meM sahAyaka banA hai| jA jo prakRti, pratyaya Adi vibhAgoM se rahita hai, vaha rUr3ha kahalAte haiN| ca, vA, Na aadi| mANusattaM bhave mUlaM lAbho devagaI bhve| mUlaccheeNa jIvANaM naragatirikkhattaNaM dhuv|| uttara. 7/16 manuSyatva mUla dhana hai| devagati lAbha rUpa hai| mUla ke nAza se jIva nizcita hI naraka aura tiryaca gati meM jAte haiN| manuSya kA mUla dhana manuSyatva hai| manuSya janma kI durlabhatA sarvasammata hai| zaMkarAcArya ne viveka cUDAmaNi meM likhA hai - durlabhaM trayamevaitat devaanugrhketukm| manuSyatvaM mumukSatvaM mhaapurusssNshryH|| caurAsI lAkha jIvayoni meM bhramaNa karate-karate kisI prakAra durlabha manuSyatva ko prApta karake bhI pramAdavaza jo usakA lAbha nahIM uThAte haiM ve apane mUladhana ke nAza se nizcita rUpa se nimna gatiyoM meM jAte haiN| yahAM 'dhuvaM' nipAta se mUlavinAzaka jIva kA nizcita nimnagamana abhivyaMjita hai| aho! vaNNo aho! rUvaM, aho! ajnassa somyaa| aho! khaMtI aho! muttI, aho! bhoge asNgyaa|| uttara. 20/6 uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 117 ___ 2010_03

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Azcarya kaisA varNa aura kaisA rUpa hai| Azcarya! Arya kI kaisI saumyatA hai| Azcarya! kaisI kSamA aura nirlobhatA hai| Azcarya! bhogoM meM kaisI anAsakti hai| udyAna meM ramaNa karane ke lie gayA huA nRpa zreNika anAthI muni ke rUpa-lAvaNya ko dekha vismita ho kahate haiM 'aho! vaNNo aho! ruuvN.....|| 'aho hI ca vismaye'70 'ohAG gatau' dhAtu se Do pratyaya karane para 'aho' rUpa niSpanna hotA hai| yaha nipAta 'Azcarya' artha meM prayukta hotA hai| yahAM 'aho' nipAta muni kI zarIra-saMpadA tathA caritra kI utkRSTatA ko pratidhvanita karatA hai| rAjA pUrNa yauvana meM rUpa-lAvaNya yukta kumAra ko muni avasthA meM dekha vismita ho jAtA hai aura yaha vismaya zAnta rasa kI anubhUti kA hetu banatA hai| 'ahosubhANa kammANaM nijANaM pAvagaM jhamI' uttara. 21/9 aho! yaha azubha karmoM kA duHkhada niryANa-avasAna hai| yahAM 'aho' avyaya se karmoM kI vicitratA kA darzana ho rahA hai| dhiratthu te jasokAmI! jo taM jiiviykaarnnaa| vaMtaM icchasi AveuM seyaM te maraNaM bhavo uttara. 22/42 he yazaH kAmina! dhikkAra hai tujhe| jo tU bhogI-jIvana ke lie vamana kI huI vastu ko pIne kI icchA karatA hai| isase to terA maranA zreyaskara hai| rAjImatI ke rUpa-saundarya para mugdha ho rathanemi saMyamaratna se bhraSTa ho bhogI bananA cAhatA hai, usI samaya zaurya-oja yukta vANI meM vaha dhikkAratI hai 'dhiratthu te jasokAmI!' yahAM dhik nipAta eka ora rAjImatI kI saMyama ke prati aTUTa AsthA ko vyakta kara rahA hai to dUsarI ora rathanemi kI bhartsanA, nindA, mAnavIya svabhAva kI durbalatA kA sAtizaya dyotana kara rahA hai| yaha prasaMga nipAta-vakratA kA zreSTha udAharaNa banA hai| 'dhik' nipAta 'dhakka nAzane' dhAtu se bahulatA se Dik pratyaya karane para banatA hai| jisakA artha hai bhartsanA karanA, nindA karanA-'dhigabhartsane va nindaayaam|71 rathanemi kA zaurya jAgRta karane meM rAjImatI kA kathana dhigastu... 118 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtA hai tathA rathanemi ke prati raudra rasa ke uddIpana vibhAva kI yojanA meM sahAyaka banatA hai| vAkya-vakratA jaba saMpUrNa vAkya ke kAraNa ramaNIyatA yA vicchitti (vakratA) kA AdhAna kiyA jAya to vAkya-vakratA hotI hai| AcArya kuntaka ne samasta alaMkAra prapaMca ko vAkya-vakratA ke aMtargata mAnA hai| isameM vakratA kA AdhAra pUrA vAkya hotA hai| vakroktikAra ke zabdoM udArasvaparispandasuMdaratvena vrnnnm|| vastuno vakrazabdaikagocaratvena vkrtaa||72 vastu kA utkarSa-yukta, svabhAva se sundara rUpa meM kevala sundara zabdoM dvArA varNana artha yA vastu kI vakratA kahalAtI hai| tAtparya jahAM kisI vastu yA viSaya ke svAbhAvika rUpa kA hI aisA sahaja-varNana ho ki usameM kisI prakAra kA artha-saundarya utpanna ho gayA ho, use vAkya vakratA kahate hai| tathya kI abhivyakti tathA rasAtmaka vAkya ke prayoga se racanA meM navInatA, maulikatA AtI hai| prasaMga ke anurUpa vAkya-prayoga racanAkAra kI racanAdharmitA ke stara ko dyotita karate haiN| vAkya-vakratA kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana mahattvapUrNa hai| racanAkAra ne choTe-choTe vAkyoM meM sahaja-svAbhAvika varNana prastuta kara vAkya meM sundaratA kA abhiniveza kiyA hai| nimna padyoM meM kavi kI vAkya-vakratA prakaTa ho rahI hai - savvaM vilaviyaM gIyaM savvaM narse viddNbiyN| savve AbharaNA bhArA savve kAmA duhaavhaa|| uttara, 13/16 saba gIta vilApa haiM, saba nATya viDambanA haiM, saba AbharaNa bhAra haiM aura saba kAma-bhoga duHkhakara haiN| vilApa prapaMca hai, satya nhiiN| sAmAnya rUpa se vilApa zabda zoka kA sUcaka hai| vilApa mana kA toSa mAtra hai, usa samaya mastiSka kAma nahIM krtaa| sAMsArika gIta mithyA hai| bhogavilAsa ke sAdhana prApta hone para uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 119 2010_03

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usakA bhaya hamezA banA rahatA hai ki use koI curA nahIM le jaaye| kAmabhoga kSaNika sukha dene vAle para pariNAma meM duHkhadAyI hone se duHkhakara hai| isa prakAra paramArtha meM sAMsa lene vAle vyakti kA kAma-bhogoM ke prati kaisA dRSTikoNa hotA hai, isa bAta kA sahaja-svAbhAvika citraNa isa gAthA meM kathita cAra bAtoM se huA hai| nApuTTho vAgare kiMci puTTho vA nAliyaM ve| kohaM asaccaM kuvvejjA dhArejjA piyamappiyoM uttara. 1/14 binA pUche kucha bhI na boleN| pUchane para asatya na boleN| krodha A jAe to use viphala kara deN| priya aura amriya ko dhAraNa kareM-rAga aura dveSa na kreN| vinIta ziSya ko karttavya kA nirdeza tathA zikSA dete hue kahA gayA-'nApuTTho vAgare kiMci' binA pUche kucha bhI na bole arthAt guru jaba taka 'yaha kaise?' aisA na pUche taba taka ziSya kucha bhI na bole| isa vAkya se yaha bhI prakaTa ho rahA hai ki guru hI nahIM, binA pUche kahIM bhI aura kabhI bhI kucha na khe| 'kohaM asaccaM kuvvejjA' krodha ko asatya kara de| mohanIya karma kI vidyamAnatA meM krodha kA udaya bhI saMbhAvya hai, sarvatra use saphala karanA ucita nahIM- isa prakAra aucityapUrNa vAkyoM kA yahAM prayoga huA hai| nami rAjarSi ne yauvanAvasthA meM hI pracura kAmabhogoM ko chor3a saMyama svIkAra kiyaa| devendra ne parIkSaNa karanA caahaa| aneka tarka-vitakoM ke bAvajUda bhI rAjarSi ko vicalita na hote dekha unakI tyAga-bhAvanA se abhibhUta ho nami kI stuti karate hue indra kahatA hai - aho! te nijio koho, aho! te mANo praajio| aho! te nirakkiyA mAyA, aho! te lobho vsiiko|| uttara. 9/56 he rAjarSi! Azcarya hai tumane krodha ko jItA hai! Azcarya hai tumane mAna ko parAjita kiyA hai! Azcarya hai tumane mAyA ko dUra kiyA hai! Azcarya hai tumane lobha ko vaza meM kiyA hai! bhoga-pradhAna saMsAra meM prApta-bhoga kA taruNa-vaya meM parihAra bhogAsakta 120 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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logoM ke lie Azcarya kA hI viSaya hai| yahAM 'aho! te nijio koho' Adi padoM dvArA vAkya-vinyAsa kA sundara nidarzana upasthita kiyA gayA hai| prakaraNa-vakratA jaba kisI prabaMdha ke eka deza yA kathA ke eka aMza (prakaraNa) ke kAraNa saundarya kA AdhAna ho to prakaraNa-vakratA hotI hai| prabaMdha ke kisI prakaraNa-vizeSa meM vaicitrya hone para yaha bheda hotA hai| 'saMpUrNa prabaMdha ko dIpta karane vAlA prabaMdha ke eka deza kA camatkAra prakaraNa-vakratA ke nAma se abhihita hotA hai|'72 isakI bhI kaI sthitiyAM hotI haiM - 1. bhAvapUrNa aura romAMcakArI sthitiyoM kI udbhAvanA 2. viziSTa-prakaraNa kI atiraMjanA 3. mUlakathA ke sAtha kisI alpAvadhi kathA kI romAMcaka prastuti 4. nagara, udyAna Adi kA bhavya varNana 5. jalakrIr3A, dyUtakrIr3A Adi prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA 6. pradhAna uddezya kI siddhi ke lie apradhAna prasaMgoM kI prastuti Adi / uttarAdhyayana ke nimna prasaMgoM meM prakaraNa-vakratA bar3e kauzala ke sAtha ujAgara huI hai - jahA suNI pUikaNNI nikkasijjai svvso| evaM dussIla paDiNIe muharI nikksijjii| uttara. 1/4 jaise sar3e hue kAnoM vAlI kutiyA sabhI sthAnoM se nikAlI jAtI hai, vaise hI duHzIla, guru ke pratikUla vartana karane vAlA aura vAcAla bhikSu gaNa se nikAla diyA jAtA hai| yahAM avinIta ziSya ke varNana ke prasaMga meM 'sar3e kAnoM vAlI kutiyA' kA varNana jugupsA-bhAva kI abhivyaMjanA meM samartha hai| cUrNikAra aura vRttikAra ke anusAra 'zunI' zabda kA prayoga atyanta gardA evaM kutsA ko vyakta karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai| jakkho tahiM tiMduyarukkhavAsI aNukaMpao tassa mahAmuNIssA pacchAyaittA niyagaM sarIraM imAI vayaNAimudAharitthA|uttara. 12/8 usa samaya mahAmuni harikezabala kI anukaMpA karane vAlA tinduka uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 121 2010_03

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vRkSa kA vAsI yakSa apane zarIra kA gopana kara muni ke zarIra meM praveza kara isa prakAra bolaa| yahAM harikezabala muni kI kathA ke praMsaga meM yakSa kI kathA, muni ke zarIra meM yakSa praveza kA ghaTanA prasaMga Adi meM Agama meM bhI nATakIya romAMcakatA upasthita hai| yakSa kA raudra rUpa brAhmaNoM ko tapasvI kI zaraNa ke lie vivaza karatA hai| rahanemijjaM adhyayana meM vivAha ke lie sajjita vRSNipuGgava ke dvArA mArga meM bhaya se saMtrasta tathA maraNAsanna dazA ko prApta prANiyoM ko dekhakara, ye prANI mere hI vivAha-kArya meM logoM ke bhojana ke lie bAr3oM meM avaruddha haiM-isa prakAra jIvavadha pratipAdaka vacana suna kara vRSNipuGgava kA vApasa mur3a jAnA, apane Apa paMcamuSTi loca karanA tathA svayaM kRSNa dvArA zubha-AzIrvAda denA Adi acAnaka parivartana meM cArUgata vidyamAnatA ko dyotita karate haiM - vAsudevo ya NaM bhaNai lattakesaM jiiNdiy| icchiyamaNorahe turiyaM pAvesU taM dmiisraa|| uttara. 22/25 vAsudeva ne luMcitakeza aura jitendriya ariSTanemi se kahA-damIzvara! tuma apane icchita manoratha ko zIghra prApta kro| isa prakAra ariSTanemi kA bhautikatA se AdhyAtmikatA kI ora prayANa, bhoga se yoga kI kahAnI prakaraNa-vakratA kA acchA udAharaNa hai| isI adhyayana meM - cIvarAI visAraMtI jahAjAya tti paasiyaa| rahanemI bhaggacitto pacchA diTTho ya tIi vi|| uttara. 22/34 cIvaroM ko sukhAne ke lie phailAtI huI rAjImatI ko rathanemi ne yathAjAta rUpa meM dekhaa| vaha bhagnacitta ho gyaa| bAda meM rAjImatI ne bhI use dekha liyaa| varSA se vastroM ke bhIga jAne se use sukhAne ke lie rAjImatI kA yathAjAta honA prakaraNa-vakratA kA udAharaNa hai| rAjImatI vidyut kI taraha camakI para pUre adhyayana para usakA prabhAva parilakSita ho rahA hai| prabandha-vakratA prabandha-vakratA ke aMtargata mahAkAvya, nATaka Adi ke vAstu-kauzala 122 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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kA varNana hotA hai| isameM prabandha ke samasta saundarya kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| kuMtaka ne isake chaH prakAroM kA nirdeza kiyA haiM, jo pUrva meM nirdiSTa hai| uttarAdhyayana meM prabandha-vakratA caudahaveM 'usuyArija' adhyayana meM bhRgu-purohita ke donoM putra saMyamabhAvanA se ota-prota ho mAtA-pitA se saMyama kI AjJA pradAna karane kI anumati cAhate haiM taba ve putroM ko samajhAte haiM abhI saMyama grahaNa mata kro| usa samaya kumAroM ne jo uttara diyA vaha prabandha-vakratA kA suMdara udAharaNa hai jahA vayaM dhammamajANamANA pAvaM purA kammamakAsi mohaa| orujjhamANA parirakkhiyaMtA, taM neva bhujjo vi smaayraamo|| uttara. 14/20 hama dharma ko nahIM jAnate the taba ghara meM rahe, hamArA pAlana hotA rahA aura moha vaza hamane pApa karma kA AcaraNa kiyaa| kintu aba phira pApa-karma kA AcaraNa nahIM kregeN| isa adhyayana meM purohita tathA usakI patnI yazA donoM brAhmaNasaMskRti kA pratinidhitva karate hue donoM kumAroM ko saMyama se rokane kA prayAsa kara rahe haiN| bhRguputra saMyama.phala kI prApti ke lie kaTibaddha haiN| zramaNasaMskRti ko ujAgara karate hue ve apane tarkoM se mAtA-pitA ko bhI saMsAra kI asAratA aura kSaNabhaMguratA kA darzana karAte haiN| aisA vizvAsa paidA hone para ve bhI saMyama-patha ke pathika bana jAte haiN| aha sA rAyavarakannA susIlA caarupehinnii| savvalakkhaNasaMpunnA vijjusoyaamnnippbhaa|| uttara. 22/7 vaha rAjakanyA suzIla, cAru-prekSiNI (manohara-citavana vAlI), strI.janocita sarva.lakSaNoM se paripUrNa aura camakatI huI bijalI jaisI prabhA vAlI thii| isa zloka meM rAjImatI ke rUpa-lAvaNya kA manohArI varNana kiyA gayA hai aura pUre prabandha meM vaha apane zIla, cAritra evaM guNoM kI udAttatA ke kAraNa dIptimAna banI rahatI hai| vitteNa tANaM na labhe pamatte imaMmi loe aduvA prtthaa| dIvappaNaDhe va aNaMtamohe neyAuyaM ddrumdchmev|| uttara. 4/5 uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 123 2010_03

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pramatta manuSya isa loka meM athavA paraloka meM dhana se trANa nahIM paataa| andherI guphA meM jisakA dIpa bujha gayA ho usakI bhAti, ananta mohavAlA prANI pAra le jAne vAle mArga ko dekhakara bhI nahIM dekhtaa| dhana se kabhI manuSya tRpta nahIM ho sakatA hai, isa zAzvata satya kI abhivyaMjanA se prabandha-vakratA meM nikhAra AyA hai| yahAM ajJAnatA ko aMdherI guphA se upamita kara tathya kI abhivyaMjanA kI gaI hai| parigraha moha kA Ayatana hai| jaba taka vyakti parigraha meM AkaMTha DUbA rahatA hai taba taka satsaMgati bhI use sanmArga kI ora nahIM le jA sktii| mohayukta citta sadA saMdehagrasta rahatA hai tathA saMdehagrasta vyakti ke dina meM bhI jitanA aMdhakAra hotA hai utanA rAtri kA aMdhakAra bhI nahIM hotA - jo attavIsAsapagAsapatto teNaMdhayAro sayalo vi tinnnno| rAo vi No tArisamaMdhayAraM saMdehayattassa jahA diNe vi|| moha ke kAraNa aMdhakAra hai| moha dUra hogA tabhI AtmavizvAsa prApta hogaa| isa prakAra vakrokti-siddhAMta ke vyApaka rUpa meM alaMkAra, dhvani, rasa Adi pUrva-pracalita siddhAMtoM kA samanvaya kisI na kisI rUpa meM ho , jAtA hai| kuntaka kI 'varNa-vinyAsa-vakratA' meM rIti ke guNoM kA, 'padapUrvArdha-vakratA' aura 'pada-parArdha-vakratA meM zabdAlaMkAroM kA, 'vAkya-vakratA' meM arthAlaMkAroM kA, 'prakaraNa-vakratA' meM dhvani kA aura 'prabandha-vakratA' meM rasa kA pratinidhitva mAnA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI isake sUkSma bhedoM ke aMtargata kAvya kI zailI ke aneka tattvoM kA vivacena prApta hotA hai| maulikatA aura vyApakatA kI dRSTi se yaha mahattvapUrNa siddhAMta hai| kavi kalA se saMsAra ko jIta letA hai| uttarAdhyayana kAvya meM sAbhiprAya vakratA ke vibhinna prayoga usakI kAvyabhASAgata saMracanA ko abhinava AyAma pradAna karate haiN| artha-samRddhi ke sampoSaka ke sAtha kAvyapratibhA ko bhI nayA gaThana, nayA saundarya pradAna kara use abhinava rUpoM meM ubhArate haiN| prAcIna AcAryoM ke zabdoM meM punaH kahA jA sakatA hai-saiSA sarvatra vakroktiH ... ko'laGakaro'nayA vinA- yaha sarvatra vakrokti hI hai......kauna sA saundarya hai jo isake binA ho| 124 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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sandarbha 1. meghadUta, pUrvamegha 27 2. kAdambarI pUrvArddha, pR. 87 uddhRta bhAratIya sAhityazAstra koSa, pR. 1125 3. kAvyAlaMkAra, 2 / 85 4. vakroktijIvitam 1 / 10 pR. 22 5. vakroktijIvitam, 1/18 - 6. hindI semeTiksa, pR. 306 7. vakroktijIvitam, 2 / 1 8. vakroktijIvitam, 2 / 8-9 9. saMskRta dhAtu - koSa pR. 124 10. vyavahArabhASya, 4 . 2 TIkApatra 27 11. saMskRta dhAtukoSa, pR. 199 12. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi - 1 pR. 60 13. sthAnAMga TIkA, patra 272 14. sUtrakRtAMga 1.16 hindI TIkA 15. 'eSa eva ca zabdazaktimUlAnukaraNarUpavyaMgyasya padadhvanerviSayaH bahuSu caivaMvidheSu satsu vAkyadhvanervA' vakroktijIvitam 2 / 10-12 pR. 95 16. 'nibhRtavinItaprazritAH samAH' amarakoSa 3/1/25 17. zAntyAcArya TIkA, patra 52 18. dazavaikAlika, agastyasiMhacUrNi pR. 33 19. saMskRta dhAtukoSa, pR. 93 20. saMskRta hindI koSa, pR. 810 21. bRhadvRtti, patra 262 22. sthAnAMga TIkA, patra 191 23. amarakoza, rAmAzramI vyAkhyA pR. 91 24. saMskRta dhAtukoSa pR. 100 25. saMskRta dhAtukoSa, pR. 15 uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 2010_03 125

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26. saMskRta hindI koSa, pR. 852 27. bRhadvRtti, patra 307 28. sAhityika nibandha, pR. 63 29. vakroktijIvitam, 2 / 13, 14 30. vinTaranitsa, hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2 31. vakroktijIvitam 2 / 15 32. amarakoSa 1/5/2 33. AcArAMga cUrNi pR. 225 34. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1064 35. bRhadvRtti, patra 365 36. bRhadvRtti, patra 365 37. bRhadvRtti, patra 365 38. tattvArtha rAjavArtika, 3/36 pR. 203 39. medinI pR. 115/34, 35 40. amarakoSa, pR. 325, 326 41. Avazyaka cUrNi 2 pR. 254 42. kumArasaMbhava 1/59 43. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR. 203 44. uttarAdhyayana zAntyAcArya TIkA, patra 416 45. saMskRta dhAtukoSa, pR. 22 46. amarakoSa, 3/1/78 47. amarakoSa, 1/1/13 48. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1048 49. saMskRta dhAtukoSa, pR. 48 50. vakroktijIvitam 2/16 51. 'nAthaH yogakSemavidhAtA' bRhadvRtti, patra 473 126 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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52. abhijJAnazAkuntala, 4/8 53. vakroktijIvitam, 2/19 54. vakroktijIvitam, 2/21, 22, 23 55. vakroktijIvitam, 2/24, 25 56. vkroktijiivitm|| 2/26 57. vakroktijIvitam 2/27, 28 58. vakroktijIvitam, 2/29 59. vakroktijIvitam 2/31 60. saMskRta dhAtu koSa pR. 64 61. vakroktijIvitam, 2/32 62. vakroktijIvitam 2/33 63. saMskRta-hindI koSa, vAmana zivarAma ApTe pR. 1109 64. pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI 1/4/56 65. kAlUkaumudI, pUrvArdha sU. 292 66. kAlukaumudI, pUrvArdha sU. 294 67. 'saptamyAstral' pANini aSTAdhyAyI, 5/3/10 68. 'trapo hi-ha-tthAH' tulasI maMjarI, sU. 596 69. saMskRta dhAtukoSa, pR. 50 70. amarakoSa, pR. 634 71. medinI, pR. 179 zloka 11 72. vakroktijIvitam, 3/1 73. DaoN. nagendra, hindI vakroktijIvita bhUmikA, pR. 94 74 (ka) uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, patra 27 : atha zunIgrahaNaM zunI garhitatarA, na tathA shvaa| (kha) bRhadvRtti, patra 45 : striinirdesho'tyntkutsopdrshkH| uttarAdhyayana meM vakrokti 127 2010_03

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4. uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra rasa sAhitya meM rasa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaise namakarahita bhojana svAdiSTa nahIM hotA vaise hI rasavihIna sAhitya sarasa nahIM hotaa|bhaartiiy jIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM meM rasa zabda sarvotkRSTa tattva ke lie prayukta huA hai| phaloM ke kSetra meM rasa madhuratama tarala padArtha hai| saMgIta ke kSetra meM zrotrendriya dvArA prApta Ananda rasa hai| cikitsA ke kSetra meM rasa prANadAyinI auSadhiyoM kA dyotaka hai| ApTe ne sat, sAra, tattva, sarvottama bhAga, Ananda, prasannatA Adi arthoM meM ise nirdiSTa kiyA hai| 'raso vai s:| rasaM hyevAyaM labdhvAnandI bhavati'2 kahakara paramAtmA ko hI rasa kahA gayA hai| bhAratIya sAhitya-zAstra meM rasa kAvyazAstra kA merudaNDa hI nahIM, usakI mahattama upalabdhi hai| abhinava gupta ne rasa-dhvani ko hI kAvya kI AtmA mAnA, vastu tathA alaMkAra dhvani ko dhvani to mAnA kintu unheM kAvya kI AtmA nahIM mAnA kyoMki vastu, alaMkAra kabhI to vAcya hote haiM aura kabhI vyaMgya / rasa to kabhI bhI vAcya nahIM hotA hai| yaha to vAcyAsahiSNu vyaMgya hotA hai| isalie ise hI kAvya kI AtmA mAnA hai| rasa-siddhAnta ke pravartaka bharatamuni ne nATyazAstra meM rasa kA vivecana karate hue pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI ora saMketa kara likhA - ete yaSTau rasA: proktA druhiNena mhaatmnaa|3 phira bhI pUrvagraMthoM kI anupalabdhi ke kAraNa bharata hI rasa ke prarvattaka mAne gye| rasotpatti / rasa-dazA ke saMdarbha meM bharata muni ne kahA - 'vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicAri sNyogaadrsnissptti:|'4 vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicAri bhAvoM ke saMyoga se rasa kI niSpatti hotI hai| aneka vyaMjanoM tathA auSadhiyoM ke saMyoga se jaise rasa kI utpatti hotI hai, vaise hI vividha bhAvoM ke saMyoga se rasa kI niSpatti hotI 128 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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paravartI AcAryoM ne isa rasa-sUtra ke AdhAra para aneka mata sthApita kiye| unameM prAcIna AcAryoM meM bhaTTa-lollaTa (utpattivAda), zrIzaMkuka (anumitivAda), bhaTTanAyaka (bhogavAda), abhinava-gupta (abhivyaktivAda) tathA Adhunika AcAryoM meM rAmacandra zukla, zyAmasundaradAsa, nagendra, gulAbarAya Adi ullekhanIya haiN| bharata ke rasa-sUtra se rasa-svarUpa ke nimna tathyoM kA pratipAdana hotA hai* rasa anubhUti kA viSaya hai kiMtu vaha svayaM anubhUti nahIM hai| apane svataMtra astitva ke bAvajUda bhI vibhAva, anubhAva Adi rasa meM vilIna ho jAte haiM aura rasa svataMtra ikAI ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai| rasa ke vibhinna avayavoM, abhinayoM dvArA saMyukta hokara sthAyI bhAva hI rasa-rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai| aneka bhAvoM ke yoga se rasotpatti hotI hai| susaMskRta anna ko khAkara vyakti prasanna hotA hai vaise hI bhAvoM aura abhinayoM se yukta sthAyI bhAva kA AsvAdana kara darzaka AnaMda- samudra meM sarobAra ho jAtA hai| rasa -sAmagrI sthAyIbhAva, vibhAva, anubhAva aura saMcArI bhAva rasa ke pramukha avayava haiN| sthAyI bhAva rasAnubhUti kA Abhyantara kAraNa sthAyI bhAva hai| yaha vAsanA rUpa meM sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM vidyamAna rahatA hai tathA anukUla saMyogoM se ise abhivyakta hone kA avasara mila jAtA hai| sthAyI bhAvoM ko sarvabhAvoM meM mahAna kahA gayA hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ne likhA hai - aviruddhA viruddhA vA yaM tirodhAtumakSamAH / AsvAdAMkura-kaMdo'sau bhAva: sthAyIti sammataH // jise virodhI yA avirodhI bhAva apane meM tirohita karane meM akSama hote haiM aura jo AsvAda kA mUla hotA hai, use sthAyI bhAva kahate haiN| zrI-rUpa gosvAmI ne sthAI bhAva ko 'uttama rAjA' kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 129 2010_03

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nATyazAstra meM ATha sthAyI bhAva svIkRta haiM - rati, hAsa, zoka, krodha, bIbhatsa, bhaya, jugupsA aura vismy| vizvanAtha ne sthAyI bhAvoM kI saMkhyA nava batAIrati sazca zokazca krodhotsAhau bhayaM tathA / jugupsA vismayazcetyamaSTau proktA: zamopi ca // vibhAva rati Adi sthAyI bhAvoM kI utpatti ke kAraNa ko vibhAva kahate haiN| ye rasa ko vizeSa rUpa se anubhUti yogya banAte haiN| vizvanAtha ke anusAra loka meM jo padArtha rati Adi ko udbodhita karate haiM, unako kAvya yA nATaka meM vibhAva kahA jAtA hai -'ratyAdhubodhakA loke vibhAdA: kaavynaattyyoH|" isake do bheda haiM- AlaMbana aura uddiipn| jisa para bhAva yA rasa avalaMbita rahatA hai, use AlaMbana kahate haiM - yamAlaMbya rasa utpadyate sa AlaMbana vibhaavH| rasa ko uddIpta yA tIvra karane vAle vibhAva ko uddIpana vibhAva kahate haiM - yo rasamuddIpayati sa uddIpana vibhaavH| Alambana yadi Aga lagAne vAlA aMgArA hai to uddIpana anukUla havA kI taraha use bar3hAne meM yoga detA hai| varSA ke bIca Aga bujha jAtI hai, vaise uddIpana kI pratikUlatA meM Alambana kA prabhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai| anubhAva rasa kA kArya anubhAva hai| yaha anubhUti ko abhivyakti dene kA sAdhana hai| Alambana va uddIpana se jisameM bhAva utpanna hote haiM use 'Azraya' kahate haiN| hRdayagata bhAvoM se Azraya kI zArIrika, mAnasika avasthA meM parivartana hotA hai usake dyotaka cihnoM ko anubhAva kahA jAtA hai| dhanaMjaya ne bhAva ko sUcita karane vAle vikAra ko anubhAva kahA- anubhAvo vikArastu bhaavsNsuucnaatmkH| saMcArIbhAva . saMcArI va vyabhicArI zabda samAnArthaka haiN| mana ke kSaNika bhAva ko. vyabhicArI bhAva kahate haiN| ye saMcaraNazIla va asthira manovikAra haiM jo vividha 130 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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prakAra se utpanna va vilIna hokara sthAyI bhAva ko puSTa karate haiN| eka hI sthAyI bhAva meM paristhitivaza aneka bhAvoM kA saMcAra hotA rahatA hai| yathA-prema sthAyIbhAva ke kSetra meM priya milana para harSa, viyoga se du:kha, upekSA para kSobha, ahita kI AzaMkA para ciMtA aadi| ye kSaNika hote hue bhI sthAyI bhAvoM ko rasa-dazA taka pahuMcAne meM vizeSa upakAraka haiN| nirveda, glAni, zaMkA, asUyA, mada Adi ke rUpa meM inakI saMkhyA 33 batAI gaI haiN|11 sthAyI bhAva vyakti ke hRdaya meM Alambana ke dvArA uttejita hokara, uddIpana ke prabhAva se uddIpta hokara, saMcArI bhAvoM se puSTa hotA huA, anubhAvoM ke mAdhyama se vyakta hotA hai| jaba kAvyagata sthAyIbhAva kI anubhUti pAThaka ko hotI hai to vahI rasAnubhUti yA rasaniSpatti kahalAtI hai| ___ manovijJAna ke imozana va seMTImeMTa saMcArI bhAva va sthAyI bhAva ke hI paryAya haiN| manovijJAna ke saMvega ko sAhitya-zAstra ke sthAyI bhAvoM kA paryAya mAnA jA sakatA hai| saMvega hI mUla pravRttiyoM ko utprerita karate haiMkrama saMvega mUla pravRttiyAM sthAyIbhAva rasa 1. bhaya palAyana, AtmarakSA bhaya bhayAnaka 2. krodha yuyutsA krodha raudra 3. ghRNA nivRtti/vairAgya jugupsA bIbhatsa 4. karuNA zaraNAgati zoka karuNa 5. kAma kAmapravRtti rati zrRMgAra 6. Azcarya kautUhala, jijJAsA vismaya adbhUta 7. hAsa Amoda hAsa hAsya 8. dainya AtmahInatA nirveda zAMta 9. Atmagaurava/utsAha AtmAbhimAna utsAha vIra 10. vAtsalya/sneha putraiSaNA vAtsalya vAtsalya sthAyI bhAva nau mAne gae, jinameM nau rasoM kI niSpatti mAnI gaI hai| vAtsalya va bhakti ko bhI rasa meM parigaNita karane se inakI saMkhyA gyAraha ho jAtI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 131 2010_03

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132 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana krama rasa sthAyIbhAva saMcArIbhAva vibhAva anubhAva 1. zrRMgAra rati jugupsA, Alasya Adi Rtu, mAlA, AbhUSaNa Adi muskAna, madhuravacana, kaTAkSa Adi 2. hAsya hAsa lajjA, nidrA, asUyA Adi vikRta-AkRti, vANI, veza Adi smita, hAsa Adi 3. karuNa zoka nirveda, moha, dInatA Adi iSTa-viyoga, aniSTa-saMyoga Adi daivopalaMbha, ni:zvAsa, svarabheda, AMsU Adi 4. raudra krodha ugratA, mada, capalatA Adi asAdhAraNa apamAna, kalaha, vivAda Adi nathunA phUlanA, hoTha-kanapaTI phar3akanA Adi 5. vIra utsAha garva,dhRti, asUyA, pratinAyaka kA avinaya, dhairya, dAnazIlatA, amarSa Adi zaurya, tyAga Adi vAgdarpa Adi 6. bhayAnaka bhaya trAsa, ciMtA, Avega gurU yA rAjA kA kaMpana, ghabarAhaTa, Adi aparAdha, bhayaMkara rUpAdi auSThazoSa, kaMThazoSa bIbhatsa jugupsA apasmAra, dainya, ghRNAspada tathA arucikara aMga-saMkoca, thUkanA, jar3atA Adi vastu kA darzana Adi muMha pheranA Adi 8. adbhuta vismaya virtaka, Avega, divyavastu kA darzana, netra vistAra, autsukya Adi devAgamana, mAyA Adi apalaka darzana, bhrUkSepa, romAMca Adi 9. zAMta zama dhRti, harSa, nirveda vairAgya, saMsArabhaya, yama-niyama pAlana, Adi tattva-jJAna Adi adhyAtma-zAstra kA cintana Adi 10. vatsala vAtsalya harSa, garva, unmAda Adi zizu darzana Adi snehapUrvaka dekhanA, haMsanA, goda lenA Adi 11. bhakti Izvara harSa, autsukya, rAma, kRSNa, netra vikAsa, viSayaka prema nirveda, garva Adi mahAvIra Adi gad gad vANI, romAMcAdi

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haripAlakRta 'saMgIta sudhAkara' meM brAhma, saMbhoga tathA vipralaMbha ye tIna navIna rasa milAkara teraha rasa mAne gaye haiM / 12 brAma rasa kA sthAyI bhAva AnaMda mAnA / vaha AnaMda sAMsArika sabhI prapaMcoM se rahita hone ke kAraNa nitya aura sthira hai| rasa- siddhAnta kA mahattva bharata ke anusAra nATaka kA prANa rasa hai / pratyeka vyakti rasa kI anubhUti karatA hai| zuddhAdvaitavAda ke anusAra AtmA paramAtmA ke sat, cit aura Ananda guNoM se yukta hai| kintu jaba jIva kA Ananda guNa tirohita hotA hai taba kAvya aura kalAoM se use jAgRta kiyA jAtA hai| rasa - siddhAnta bhI kAvya kA lakSya AnandAnubhUti svIkAra karatA hai| advaitavAda ke anusAra AtmA mAyA ke AvaraNa ke kAraNa jagata ke rUpoM meM bheda kA anubhava karatI hai, jabaki sabhI rUpa paramasattA se sambandhita haiN| rasAnubhUti se mAyA ke AvaraNa ko bhUlakara hama vibhinna rUpoM ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita karate haiN| rAmacandra zukla ke zabdoM meM AtmA kI muktAvasthA kA nAma hI rasa - dazA hai| rasa-siddhAnta jIvana ke acche-bure sabhI pakSoM ko kAvya meM sthAna dene kA pakSapAtI hone ke kAraNa hI vaha gAMdhI, buddha, mahAvIra Adi kI karuNA tathA sAmyavAdiyoM kI ghRNA donoM ko kAvya meM sthAna dene kA sAmarthya rakhatA hai| deza, kAla, paristhiti ke anusAra samIkSA ke mAnadaMDa badalate rahate haiM / kintu rasa - siddhAnta aisA mAnadaMDa hai jo sAhitya ko vibhinna matavAdoM ke cakkara se bacAtA huA usakI mUla AtmA kI surakSA karatA hai / Agama meM rasa viSayaka avadhAraNA 'AgamonAma attavayaNaM' Apta vacana Agama hone se yaha adhyAtmaparaka grantha hai aura inameM dharma va mokSa kA pratipAdana huA hai / anuyogadvAra meM nau rasoM kA saiddhAntika varNana bhI upalabdha hai / sthAnAMga TIkAkAra ke anusAra jisakA AsvAdana kiyA jAe vaha rasa hai / 13 cUrNikAra va vRttikAra haribhadra - sUrI kA abhimata hai ki rasa kI bhAMti rasanIya cittavRttiyAM bhI rasa kahalAtI haiN| jaise- sukha vedanIya aura du:kha vedanIya karmoM ke rasa hote haiM vaise hI kAvya ke rasa hote haiM / 14 uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 2010_03 133

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anuyogadvAra meM nau rasoM kI paramparA svIkRta hai- vIra, zrRMgAra, adbhuta, raudra, brIDanaka, bIbhatsa, hAsya, karuNa aura prazAnta / isameM krama-vyatyaya ke sAtha-sAtha mAnyatA meM bhI kucha antara hai| kAvya ke nau rasoM meM bhayAnaka rasa hai| anuyogadvAra meM bhayAnaka rasa nahIM hai| vRttikAra ne bhayAnaka rasa kA antarbhAva raudra rasa meM mAnakara alaga grahaNa na karane kI bAta kahI hai| anayogadvAra meM nau rasoM ke krama meM bhayAnaka ke sthAna para vIr3anaka (lajjA) rasa kA ullekha haiN| kAvyazAstra ke kisI bhI graMtha meM lajjA rasa kA ullekha nahIM hai| anuyogadvAra meM kisa AdhAra para lajjA rasa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| anuyogadvAra meM nirdiSTa rasa-sAmagrI isa prakAra haikrama rasa utpatti lakSaNa 1. vIra parityAga, tapazcaraNa, zatruvinAza Adi apazcAttApa, dhairya, parAkrama 2. zRMgAra rati, saMyoga kI abhilASA Adi vibhUSA, vilAsa, kAmaceSTA, hAsya, lIlA ramaNa Adi 3. adbhuta apUrva aura anubhUtapUrva vastu Adi / harSa aura viSAda 4. raudra , bhayaMkara rUpa Adi, aMdhakAra, cintA sammoha, saMbhrama, viSAda bhayaMkara kathA Adi aura maraNa 5. vIr3anaka guhya aura gurustrI kI maryAdA kA lajjA, zaMkA atikramaNa Adi 6. bIbhatsa azuci padArtha, zava, aniSTa dravya, nirveda aura jIva hiMsA ke durgandha Adi prati hone vAlI ghRNA 7. hAsya rUpa, vaya, veza aura bhASA kA mukha, netra kA vikAsa viparyaya 8. karuNa priya-viyoga, vadha, baMdha, vinipAta, zoka, vilApa, mlAna, vyAdhi, saMbhrama Adi rodana 9. zAMta ekAgratA aura prazAMta bhAva avikAra uttarAdhyayana meM rasa-sAmagrI . Agama kA pratyeka pada, vAkya aucitya se paripUrNa hai| anucita, aprAsaMgika prayoga ko avasara hI nahIM milA hai| apanI medhA dvArA satya kA 134 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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sAkSAtkAra kara zabdoM ko abhivyakti dI hai| jIvana se jur3I vividha AnandAnubhUtiyAM kAvya kI bhASA meM rasa haiN| sAhitya meM mAnya rasoM ke anurUpa uttarAdhyayana kA rasa-vizleSaNa yahAM iSTa hai| zrRMgAra-rasa bhAvoM meM jo uttama hai, zreSTha hai, use zRMga kahate haiM aura jo sahRdaya ko usa dazA taka pahuMcA de vaha zRMgAra hai| sAhitya jagata meM sarvaprathama AcArya bharata ne zrRMgAra-rasa ko rati-sthAyI bhAva se udbhUta maanaa| zrRMgAra hI vizva ke samasta zuci, medhya, ujjavala aura darzanIya padArthoM kA upamAna ho sakatA hai| isakA veza ujjavala hai| bhoja kA zrRMgAra strI-puruSoM kA vAsanAtmaka prema nahIM hai, vaha Atmasthita guNa vizeSa hai, rasyamAna hone ke kAraNa rasa hai| bhoja ne zRMgAra rasa ke sambandha meM yaha eka bilkula navIna dRSTi dI hai, phalasvarUpa unhoMne zRMgAra rasa ko eka vyApaka bhAvabhUmi para pratiSThita kara diyA hai| yaha dRSTi mUla rUpa se to sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa meM milatI hai, isa para vistAra se vivecana zRMgAra prakAza meM upalabdha hotA hai| kAvya kamanIya tabhI hotA hai, jaba usameM rasa rahatA hai| kamanIyatA ke usa mUla tattva ko cAhe rasa kaheM, cAhe abhimAna kaheM, ahaMkAra kaheM yA zRMgAra kaheM, koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| yaha zRMgAra dRSTi na jAne kitane janmoM ke puNyakarmoM aura anubhavoM se prANI ko sulabha ho pAtI hai| yahI vaha aMkura hai jisase AtmA ke sabhI zreSTha guNa udbhUta hote haiN| jisake pAsa yaha hotI hai - jo zrRMgArI hotA hai, usake lie samasta jagata rasamaya ho jAtA hai| yadi vaha azRMgArI huA to saba kucha nIrasa hI rahatA hai|6 uttarAdhyayana meM kvacit zRMgAra-rasa kA bhI varNana milatA hai - tassa rUvavaiM bhajjaM piyA ANei ruuvinniN| pAsAe kIlae ramme devo doguMdao jahA // uttara . 21/7 usakA pitA usake lie rUpiNI nAmaka sundara strI lAyA / vaha dogundaka deva kI bhAMti usake sAtha suramya prAsAda meM krIr3A karane lgaa| saMyoga zRMgAra ke varNana meM yahAM rati sthAyI bhAva hai| rUpiNI kA saundarya Alambana vibhAva hai| krIr3A, bhoga-sAmagrI Adi uddIpana vibhAva hai| harSa, romAMca Adi saMcArI bhAvoM se yahAM saMyoga-zRMgAra-rasa kI niSpatti huI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 135 2010_03

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rAjImatI kA ariSTanemi ke prati aura rathanemi kA rAjImatI ke prati AkarSaNa - ye donoM udAharaNa apuSTa zRMgAra yA zRMgArAbhAsa kahe jA sakate haiN| kyoMki jisameM AkarSaNa hotA hai lekina bhoga kI prApti nahIM hotI vaha kevala AbhAsa mAtra raha jAtA hai, rasa dazA ko prApta nahIM hotaa| rasAbhAsa ke aise prasaMga bhI uttarAdhyayana meM upalabdha haiN| hAsya-rasa vikRta AkAra, ceSTA, veza, vANI Adi se hAsya-rasa kI utpatti hotI hai| isakA sthAyIbhAva hAsa hai|17 jIvana ke prati gambhIra evaM maryAdita dRSTikoNa tathA dharmapradhAna zramaNakAvya hone se uttarAdhyayana meM hAsya-rasa kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| karUNa-rasa iSTa nAza va aniSTa kI prApti se utpanna hone vAlA rasa karuNa-rasa hai'iSTanAzAdaniSTAptau zokAtmA karuNo'nu tm| 18 bhoja ke anasAra jo rasa mUrchA ko utpanna karatA hai, vilApa ko utpanna karatA hai aura citta meM du:kha utpanna karatA hai, vaha karuNa rasa kahalAtA hai| mUrchAvilApau kurute kurute sAhase mnH|| karoti duHkhaM cittena yo'sau karuNa ucyte||9 / / bharata ke anusAra yaha zApa aura kleza meM par3e priyajana ke viyoga, dhananAza, vadha, baMdha, deza-nirvAsana, agni meM jalakara marane yA vyasana meM phaMsane Adi vibhAvoM se utpanna hotA hai / 20 anuyogadvAra ke anusAra priya ke viprayoga, baMdha, vadha, vyAdhi, vinipAtaputra Adi kI mRtyu aura saMbhrama se karuNA-rasa utpanna hotA hai| zoka, vilApa, mlAnatA aura rudana isake lakSaNa haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM karuNa-rasa uttama Rddhi aura uttama dhuti ke sAtha vivAha ke lie prasthita ariSTanemi ne bhaya se saMtrasta prANiyoM ko dekhaa| sArathi se pUchA ye prANI piMjaroM meM kyoM roke hue haiM ? sArathI ne kahA Apake vivAha kArya meM logoM ke bhoja ke lie yahAM roke hue haiN| jIva-vadha-pratipAdaka vacana sunakara unakA hRdaya karuNA se dravita ho utthaa| sakaruNa mahAprajJa ariSTanemi ne socA - 136 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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jai majjha kAraNA ee hammihiMti baha jiyaa| na me eyaM tu nissesaM paraloge bhvissii|| uttara . 22/19 yadi mere nimitta ina bahuta se jIvoM kA vadha hone vAlA hai to yaha paraloka meM mere lie zreyaskara nahIM hogaa| kavi ne yahAM ariSTanemi ke aMta:karaNa meM sthita karuNApUrNa dazA kA mArmika zabdo meM varNana kiyA hai| prANI-vadha pratipAdaka vacana yahAM Alambana vibhAva hai| jIvoM ke prati karuNA, AtmA kA karmoM se bhArI honA Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiN| vivAha se vApasa mur3anA, abhiniSkramaNa karanA Adi anubhAva haiN| nirveda, AtmaglAni Adi saMcArI bhAvoM se puSTa ariSTanemi ke hRdaya meM zoka sthAyI bhAva hai| prANiyoM kA krandana ariSTanemi ke citta meM du:kha utpanna karatA hai, isalie yahAM karuNa-rasa niSpanna huA hai| prANanAtha ariSTanemi ke pravrajyA kI bAta ko sunakara rAjakanyA rAjImatI apanI haMsI-khuzI, Ananda saba kucha kho baiThatI hai| vaha zoka se stabdha ho gaI - soUNa rAyakannA pavvajjaM sA jiNassa u| nihAsA ya nirANaMdA sogeNa u smutthyaa| uttara. 22/28 yahAM karuNAbhAsa kA suMdara citraNa huA hai| raudra-rasa zatru kRta apakAra, mAnabhaMga, gurujanoM kI niMdA, zatru kI ceSTA Adi se raudra-rasa kI utpatti hotI hai| yaha saMgrAmahetuka krodha rUpa sthAyI bhAva vAlA hai| yaha rAkSasa, dAnava evaM uddhata manuSyoM ke Azrita hotA hai| auddhatya, azlIla vAkya, kalaha, vivAda evaM pratikUla bhAvoM yA virodha ke kAraNa krodha utpanna hotA hai|21 anuyogadvAra meM raudra-rasa kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA- bhayaMkara rUpa, zabda, aMdhakAra, cintA aura vyathA se raudra-rasa utpanna hotA hai| sammoha, saMbhrama, vivAda aura maraNa isake lakSaNa haiN|22 bhayajaNaNarUva-saiMdhakAraciMtA khaasmupnno| saMmoha-saMbhama-visAya-maraNaliMgo raso roho|| uttarAdhyayana meM atyalpa mAtrA meM raudra-rasa kA nirdazana milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra ___137 2010_03

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avaheDiyapiTThasauttamaMge pasAriyA bAhu akmmcette| nibbheriyacche ruhiraM vamaMte urddhamuhe niggyjiihnette|| uttara . 12/29 una chAtroM ke sira pITha kI ora jhuka ge| unakI bhujAeM phaila gii| ve niSkriya ho gye| unakI AMkheM khulI kI khulI raha gii| unake muMha se rudhira nikalane lgaa| muMha Upara ko ho gye| unakI jihvA aura netra bAhara nikala aae| ukta prasaMga meM bhikSA ke lie Ae hue harikezI RSi ko kumAra pITane lage- yaha dekhakara bhadrA ne kahA inakI avahelanA mata kro| kahIM ye apane teja se tuma logoM ko bhasmasAt na kara ddaale| bhadrA ke vacana sunakara yakSa ne RSi kI paricaryA karane ke lie kumAroM ko bhUmi para girA diyA tathA AkAza me sthira hokara unako mArane lge| yakSa ke raudra rUpa ke kAraNa kumAroM kI dayanIya sthiti bnii| isalie yahAM raudra-rasa kI upaciti huI hai| yahAM apamAna se raudra-rasa kA sthAyI bhAva krodha utpanna huA hai| kumAra raudra-rasa ke Alambana vibhAva haiM / DaNDoM, cAbukoM se RSi ko pITanA uddIpana vibhAva haiN| bhujAeM phailAnA, niSkriya honA, muMha se rudhira nikalanA, jIbha kA bAhara A jAnA Adi anubhAva haiN| udvega, Avega Adi saMcArI bhAvoM se poSita 'krodha' raudra-rasa dazA ko prApta hai| vIrarasa sAhitya zAstra kA pramukha rasa vIrarasa hai| bharata ke anusAra vIrarasa kA sthAyI bhAva uttama prakRti kA utsAha hai- atha vIro naamottmprkRtiruutsaahaatmkH| isakA Azraya uttama pAtra meM hotA hai| anuyogadvAra ke anusAra parityAga, dAna, tapazcaraNa aura zatru janoM ke vinAza meM vIrarasa utpanna hotA hai| ananuzaya, garva yA pazcAttApa na karanA, dhRti aura parAkrama vIrarasa ke lakSaNa haiN|24 bharatamuni ne vIrarasa ke yuddhavIra, dAnavIra aura dharmavIra-ye tIna bheda mAne haiN| vizvanAtha ne dAnavIra, dharmavIra, yuddhavIra aura dayAvIra ke rUpa meM cAra prakAra kA vIrarasa svIkAra kiyA haiN| anuyogadvAra meM udAharaNa prastuta karate hue batAyA gayA 138 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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so NAma mahAvIro jo rajnaM payahiUNa pavvaio / .25 kAmakkohamahAsattupakkhanigghAyaNaM kuNai || arthAt rAjya vaibhava kA parityAga karake jo dIkSita huA aura dIkSita hokara kAmakrodha Adi mahAzatru pakSa kA parityAga kiyA vahI nizcaya se mahAvIra hai| yahAM rAjya-zrI tyAga, aMtaraMga zatruoM para vijaya rUpa vIrarasa kA hRdayagrAhI citraNa kiyA gayA hai| saMyama ke prati bar3hatA huA utsAha sthAyI bhAva hai| prabala saMkalpa Alambana vibhAva hai| dhRti Adi uddIpana vibhAva hai| tyAga, saMyama-grahaNa Adi anubhAvoM se vIrarasa kI abhivyakti huI hai| kevala bAhya zatruoM para vijaya prApta karanA hI vIrarasa nahIM hai, apitu kaSAya- zatruoM para vijaya, mahad aizvarya kA tyAga Adi bhI vIra rasa hai| Agamika dRSTi se tyAgavIra, tapavIra aura yuddhavIra - ye tIna bheda vIrarasa ke mAna sakate haiN| AcArya bharata ke dAnavIra ko tyAgavIra evaM dharmavIra ko tapavIra kaha sakate haiN| vIrarasa ke cAroM bheda tyAgavIra, tapavIra, yuddhavIra meM anusyUta ho sakate haiN| kyoMki dAna aura dayA donoM meM tyAga aura nirahaMkAra Avazyaka hai, ataH unheM anuyogadvAra kI bhASA meM tyAgavIra kaha sakate haiN| uparyukta vivecana se vIrarasa ke tyAgavIra, tapavIra aura yuddhavIra tIna bheda parilakSita hote haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM ina tInoM rUpoM kI upalabdhi hai| tyAgavIra tyAga kA artha hai chodd'naa| jo priya se priya vastu ke parityAga meM utsAhavAna rahatA hai vaha tyAgavIra kI koTi meM AtA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM aneka vIra nAyakoM kA vivaraNa prApta hai, jinhoMne bhautika samRddhi se paripUrNa saMsAra kA tyAga kara ke saMyama jIvana svIkAra kara parama vIratA dikhAI hai| unameM bharata, sagara, madhavA, sanatkumAra, zAntinAtha, kunthu narezvara, ara, mahApadma, hariSeNa, jaya Adi cakravartI tathA dazArNabhadra, videha ke adhipati nami, karakaNDu, dvimukha, naggati, udrAyaNa, zveta, vijaya, mahAbala Adi rAjAoM kA mokSa prApti ke lie saMsAra tyAga prazaMsanIya hai (uttara. 18/ 34-50) / inameM dasa cakravartI aura nau mAMDalika nRpa haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 2010_03 139

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caittA bhArahaM vAsaM cakkavaTTI narAhio / caittA uttame bhoe mahApaume tavaM care || uttara. 18/41 vipula rAjya, senA aura vAhana tathA uttama bhogoM ko chor3akara mahApadma cakravartI ne tapa kA AcaraNa kiyaa| isa prasaMga meM saMsAra - tyAga ke prati pravardhamAna utsAha sthAyI bhAva hai| saMsAra - samudra ko tairakara zreSThatva kI prApti kI icchA Alambana vibhAva hai| sAtvika adhyavasAya uddIpana vibhAva hai| saMsAra - parityAga, lakSya meM sthira caitasika vyApAra Adi anubhAva haiN| romAMca, harSa, dhRti Adi saMcArI bhAva haiN| ina sabake saMyoga se tyAgavIra rasa kI abhivyakti huI hai| 'mRgAputrIya adhyayana meM saMyata zramaNa ko dekha jAtismaraNa hone se maharddhika mRgAputra ko pUrva janma tathA pUrvakRta zrAmaNya kI smRti ho AI / smRti ke kAraNa vaha bhogoM meM anAsakta aura saMyama meM anurakta bnaa| phira Rddhi, dhana, mitra, putra, kalatra aura jJAtijanoM ko kapar3e para lagI huI dhUli kI taraha jhaTakAkara vaha pravrajita ho gayA i N vittaM ca mitte ya puttadAraM ca nAyao / reNuyaM va paDe laggaM nidhuNittANa nimgao // uttara. 19/87 yahAM mRgAputra ke mana meM saMyama prApti kA utsAha saMyata zramaNa ko dekhane ke bAda nirantara saMvardhita ho rahA hai| yahI utsAha sthAyI bhAva hai| mokSa prApti kI icchA Alambana vibhAva hai| muni ko dekha pratibodha, jAtismaraNa Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiN| Rddhi kA tyAga anubhAva haiN| saMyama meM parAkrama, dhRti, harSa Adi saMcArI bhAva haiN| ina sabake yoga se tyAga sambandhI vIra rasa kI niSpatti huI hai| tapavIra 140 bhAratIya saMskRti kA mUla tapa hai| tapa se manuSya acintya zaktisaMpanna bana jAtA hai| yoga vAsiSThakAra ne kahA- vizva meM duSprApya vastu tapa ke dvArA hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| AgamoM meM tapa - vIra ke aneka udAharaNa milate haiN| 'uvAsagadasAo' 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana

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meM gAthApati AnaMda kI tapazcaryA, 'AyAro' meM upadhAnazruta meM kA tapa varNana tapavIra rasa ke utkRSTa udAharaNa haiN| 'krodha, mAna Adi ko parAjita kara mithilA nareza nami ne saMsAra ke samakSa tapavIra kA utkRSTa udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai| svayaM devendra stuti karate hue kahatA hai aho ! te ajjavaM sAhu aho ! te sAhu maddavaM / aho ! te uttamA khaMtI aho ! te mutti uttamA / uttara. 9/57 aho ! uttama hai tumhArA Arjava / aho ! uttama hai tumhArA mArdava / aho! uttama hai tumhArI kSamA / aho ! uttama hai tumhArI nirlobhatA / Agama gAthA hai uvasameNa haNe kohaM, mANaM maddavayA jiNe / mAyaM cajjavabhAveNa, lobhaM saMtosao jiNe / / ' 26 upazama se krodha ko, mArdava/ komalatA se mAna ko, se mAyA ko tathA saMtoSa se lobha ko jItanA caahie| prabhu mahAvIra punarbhava ke mUla kA siMcana karane vAle ina cAra kaSAyoM ko sahiSNutA, mArdavatA, ArjavatA, aura nirlobhatA se jItakara nami rAjarSi ne isa AgamavAkya ko caritArtha kiyA hai| yahAM AMtarika vizuddhi rUpa utsAha sthAyI bhAva hai| karmamukti kI abhIpsA Alambana vibhAva hai| titikSA, RjutA, anAsaktatA Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiN| anukUla-pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva rUpa anubhAva tathA dhairya, harSa Adi saMcArI bhAvoM se yukta tapa - vIra rasa kA prabhAva na kevala tapI para apitu pUre vAtAvaraNa para parilakSita ho rahA hai| - uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra Arjava / saralatA 'dRr3ha saMkalpa zakti ke sAtha gRhIta, pramAdarahita tapa ke anuSThAna se hone vAle Ananda kI anubhUti tapa- vIra rasa ko niSpAdita karatI hai / harikezI muni kI tapasyA prakhara saMkalpa dvArA gRhIta tathA apavarga kI ora le jAne vAlI hai| tapa se ve kRza ho gaye the - 'taveNa parisosiyaM / ' uttara. 12/4 zArIrika sukhoM kA parityAga kara tapa ke kSetra meM unhoMne Adarza 2010_03 141

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prastuta kiyaa| bhojana-prApti ke lie yajJa maMDapa meM gaye hue svayaM harikezI kahate hai -- 'sesAvasesaM labhaU tavassI' uttara. 12/10 isa tapasvI ko kucha bacA bhojana mila jaae| isase bhI unake tapasvI jIvana para prakAza par3atA hai| purohita patnI bhadrA bhI ugra tapasvI ke rUpa meM inako pahacAnatI hai - 'eso ha so umgatavo mahappA |' uttara. 12/22 - eka mAsa kI tapasyA kA pAraNA karane ke lie bhakta - pAna lete hI devoM dvArA puSpa aura divya dhana varSA, AkAza meM dundubhi bajAnA tathA 'ahodAnam' ke ghoSa se granthakAra ne harikezI muni kI pratyakSa tapa- mahimA kA varNana kiyA hai| kitanA mahAn tapa thA unakA I prastuta prasaMga meM tapa meM parAkrama rUpa utsAha sthAyIbhAva hai| AThakarma-granthaoM se mukti, nirjarA kI abhIpsA Adi AlaMbana vibhAva haiN| tapa kA acintya prabhAva uddIpana vibhAva hai| zarIra kRza honA anubhAva hai| nirveda, zrama, dhRti, harSa Adi saMcArI bhAvoM se tapa- vIra rasa niSpanna huA hai| * isa prasaMga meM muni kI zarIra ke prati nirmamatva bhAvanA tathA AtmA ke prati nijjaraTTayAe kI bhAvanA parilakSita ho rahI hai| 'rahanemijjaM adhyayana meM maraNAsanna dazA ko prApta niraparAdha prANiyoM ko dekhakara ariSTanemi ne kuMDala, karaghanI tathA sAre AbhUSaNa utAra die aura sugandha se suvAsita ghuMgharAle bAloM kA paMcamuSTi se zIghra loca kiyA- yahAM ariSTanemi kA tapa-vIra-rasa mukhara huA hai| yahAM sthAyI bhAva utsAha nitya vardhamAna hai| jIva-vadha pratipAdaka vacana Alambana vibhAva hai| kuMDala, AbhUSaNa Adi utAranA uddIpana vibhAva haiN| saMyama, tapa Adi anubhAvoM tathA dhRti, harSa Adi saMcArI bhAvoM se puSTa hokara tapa-vIra rasa kI sthiti nirmita huI hai| - 142 pAvapatyIya zramaNa kezI dvArA mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama se prazna kiyA gayA - zatru kauna kahalAtA hai ? tumane use kaise parAjita kiyA ? gautama uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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ke uttara meM AMtarika zatruoM para vijaya svarUpa vIra-rasa prasphuTita huA hai| gautama ne kahA - egappA ajie sattU kasAyA iMdiyANi ya / te jiNittu jahAnAyaM viharAmi ahaM munnii| || uttara. 23/38 / eka na jItI huI AtmA zatru hai| kaSAya aura indriyAM zatru haiN| mune ! maiM unheM yathAjJAta upAya se jItakara vihAra kara rahA huuN| gautama ke mana meM AMtarika zatruoM para vijayaprApti kA utsAha satata pravardhamAna hai| yaha utsAha hI sthAyIbhAva hai| 'kaSAyamukti kilamuktireva' kaSAyamukti binA mukti saMbhava nhiiN| mukti kI tIvra abhIpsA Alambana vibhAva hai| AtmA, mana, indriyAM, kaSAya catuSka-ina para niyaMtraNa uddIpana vibhAva haiN| zatruoM para vijaya anubhAva hai| zaurya, harSa Adi saMcArI bhAvoM se Atmika vijaya sambandhI tapavIra-rasa kI niSpatti huI hai| yuddhavIra yuddhavIra vikaTa yuddha meM zatru-pakSa para vijaya prApta karane kA prabala saMkalpa va utkRSTa utsAha se yukta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bAhya zatruoM para car3hAI kA prasaMga upasthita nahIM huA hai| kintu yuddha Adi zabdoM kA ullekha huA hai| yathA-saMgAme (9/ 34), jujjhAhi (9/35), savvasattU (23/36) aadi| bhayAnaka-rasa bhayAnaka rasa kA sthAyIbhAva bhaya hai| bhayAnaka dRzya ko dekhane tathA balavAn vyaktiyoM ke dvArA aparAdha karane se bhayAnaka-rasa kI utpatti hotI ceol bhaya sthAyIbhAva jaba vibhAva Adi se puSTa hokara anubhUti kA viSaya banatA hai to bhayAnaka-rasa hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM mRgAputra ke dvArA pahale kie hue pApakarmoM ke bhoga kA varNana bhayotpAdaka hone se bhayAnaka-rasa kI sRSTi kara rahA hai - aitikkhakaMTagAiNNe tuMge siNblipaayve| kheviyaM pAsabadreNaM kaDDhokaDDhAhiM dukkrN|| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 143 2010_03

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8 mahAjaMtesu ucchU vA ArasaMto subhervN| pIlio mi sakammehiM pAvakammo aNaMtaso // uttara. 19/52,53 atyanta tIkhe kA~To vAle U~ce zAlmali vRkSa para pAza se bA~dha, idhara-udhara khIMcakara asahya vedanA se maiM khinna kiyA gayA huuN| pApakarmA maiM ati bhayaMkara Akranda karatA huA apane hI karmo dvArA mahAyaMtroM meM Ukha kI bhAMti anaMta bAra perA gayA huuN| yahA~ bhayaMkara varNana se utpanna bhaya sthAyIbhAva hai| svayaMkRta pApakarma Alambana vibhAva hai| asahya vedanA se khinnatA uddIpana vibhAva hai| pAza se baMdhanA, Ukha kI taraha perA jAnA Adi anubhAva haiN| nirveda, glAni Adi saMcArI bhAvoM se puSTa bhayAnaka-rasa sunanevAloM kA hRdaya kaMpita kara detA hai tathA mokSa ke icchuka prANiyoM ke lie pApakarma se bhaya kA saMcAra karane vAlA hai| bIbhatsa-rasa ghRNita yA ghRNotpAdaka padArthoM ke darzana yA zravaNa se bIbhatsa-rasa utpanna hotA hai| jugupsA isakA sthAyI-bhAva hai| yaha ahRdya, apavitra, apriya evaM aniSTa ke darzana, zravaNa aura parikIrtana Adi vibhAvoM se utpana hotA hai| aMga sikor3anA, mukha saMkucita karanA, thUkanA, zarIra ke aMgoM ko hilAnA Adi anubhAvoM dvArA isakA abhinaya hotA hai| apasmAra, udvega, Avega, moha, vyAdhi, maraNa Adi isake saMcArI bhAva haiN| anuyogadvAra ke anusAra azuci padArtha, zava, bAra-bAra aniSTa dRzya ke saMyoga aura durgandha se bIbhatsa-rasa utpanna hotA hai| nirveda-arUci yA udAsInatA aura jIva-hiMsA ke prati hone vAlI glAni usake lakSaNa haiN|27 'mRgAputrIya adhyayana meM varNita naraka kI vedanAoM kA varNana bIbhatsarasa ko utpanna karane vAlA hai - tattAiM taMbalohAiM tauyAiM sIsayANi yA pAiyo kalakalaMtAI ArasaMto subhervN|| tuhaM piyAI maMsAiM khaMDAI sollagANi yA khAvio mi samaMsAiM aggivaNNAiM nnegso|| uttara. 19/68,69 bhayaMkara Akranda karate hue mujhe garma aura kala-kala karatA huA 144 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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tAMbA, lohA, rAMgA aura sIsA pilAyA gyaa| tujhe khaNDa kiyA huA aura zUla meM khoMsa kara pakAyA huA mAMsa priya thA-yaha yAda dilAkara mere aMga kA mAMsa kATa agni jaisA lAla kara mujhe khilAyA gyaa| - yahA~ paramAdhAmI devakRta vedanA Alambana vibhAva hai| garma tAMbA, lohA Adi tathA kalakala zabda uddIpana vibhAva haiN| mAnasika ghRNA rUpa sthAyIbhAva garma lohA Adi pInA aura mAMsa khAnA Adi anubhAvoM se kArya rUpa meM pariNata hokara glAni, nirveda Adi saMcArI bhAvoM se puSTa hotA huA bIbhatsatA ko bhI bIbhatsa banA rahA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rAjImatI ke sAmane upasthita rathanemi bhogoM kI yAcanA karatA huA bIbhatsa-rasa kA mArmika prasaMga upasthita karatA hai| rAjImatI arhat ariSTanemi ko vaMdanA ke lie raivataka parvata para jA rahI thii| mArga meM bAriza se bhIga jAne se eka guphA meM jAkara vaha vastra sukhA rahI thI usI samaya guphA meM pahale se hI vidyamAna rathanemi rAjImatI ko yathAjAta avasthA meM dekhatA hai aura kAmAsakta hokara bhogoM kI yAcanA karatA hai| taba rAjImatI kA hRdaya ghRNA se bhara jAtA hai| ghRNA prakaTa karate hue tathA bhogoM kI asAratA kA pratipAdana karate hue rAjImatI ne kaThora zabdoM meM kahA dhiratthu te jasokAmI! jo taM jiiviykaarnnaa| vaMtaM icchasi AveuM seyaM te maraNaM bhve|| uttara. 22/42 he yazaHkAmin ! dhikkAra hai tujhe| jo tU bhogI-jIvana ke lie vamana kI huI vastu ko pIne kI icchA karatA hai| isase to terA maranA hI zreya hai| yahAM rathanemi bIbhatsa-rasa kA Alambana vibhAva hai| rAjImatI ke hRdaya meM sthita 'jugupsA' rUpa sthAyIbhAva usake dvArA rathanemi ko dhikkAranA, vamana ko pIne jaisI sthiti Adi se utpanna nAka sikor3anA Adi anubhAvoM se kArya rUpa meM pariNata huA hai tathA glAni, udvega Adi saMcArikoM se paripuSTa ho bIbhatsa-rasa niSpanna huA hai| adbhuta-rasa Azcaryajanaka padArtho ko dekhane se adbhuta-rasa utpanna hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 145 2010_03

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isakI utpatti divya-darzana, abhISTa-prApti, lokottara vastu yA ghaTanA ke kAraNa bhI hotI hai| yaha vismaya sthAyIbhAva vAlA rasa hai|28 uttarAdhyayana meM bahuta sImita rUpa meM adbhuta-rasa kI saMyojanA huI hai| yathA - tahiyaM gaMdhodayapupphavAsaM, divvA tahiM vasuhArA ya dutthtthaa| pahayAo duMduhIo surehiM, AgAse ahodANaM ca ghutttth|| uttara. 12/36 devoM ne vahAM sugandhita jala, puSpa aura divya dhana kI varSA kii| AkAza meM dundubhi bajAI aura 'ahodAnam' (AzcaryakArI dAna) isa prakAra kA ghoSa kiyaa| ___ yahAM devoM dvArA divya dhana kI varSA aura 'ahodAnam' ke ghoSa dvArA harikezI muni kI tapa-mahimA kA sAkSAt darzana brAhmaNoM ke lie vismaya/ Azcarya utpanna kara detA hai| zAnta-rasa anuyogadvAra meM prazAMta rasa kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA gayAnihosamaNasamAhANasaMbhavo jo psNtbhaavennN| avikAralakkhaNo so raso pasaMto tti naayvvo||29 svastha mana kI samAdhi aura prazAnta bhAva se zAntarasa utpanna hotA hai| avikAra usakA lakSaNa hai| nATyazAstra meM zAnta-rasa kA vivecana hai| zAntarasa kA sthAyIbhAva zama hai| tattvajJAna ke udaya se jAgatika viSayoM ke prati nirveda isakA AdhAra hai| bharata ke anusAra zama sthAyIbhAva vAlA, mokSa kA pravartaka zAnta-rasa hai| yaha tattvajJAnajanaka viSaya, vairAgya, Azrayazuddhi Adi vibhAvoM se utpanna hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zAMta-rasa kI pradhAnatA hai| saMsAra se nirveda dikhAkara athavA tattvajJAna Adi ke dvArA vairAgya kA utkarSa prakaTa kara zAMta-rasa kI pratIti karAyI gayI hai| kapila muni dvArA balabhadra Adi coroM ko die gae upadeza meM zAntarasa kA nidarzana hai - 146 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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adhuve asAsayaMmi, saMsAraMmi dukkhpuraae| kiM nAma hojja taM kammayaM, jeNAhaM doggaiM na gcchejjaa|| uttara. 8/1 arthAt adhruva, azAzvata aura duHkhabahula saMsAra meM aisA kauna sA karma-anuSThAna hai, jisase meM durgati meM na jAUM ? yahAM tattvajJAna se utpanna nirveda sthAyIbhAva hai| saMsAra kI anityatA, duHkha bahulatA Alambana vibhAva haiN| kapilamuni kA upadeza uddIpana vibhAva hai| adhyAtma-jJAna, karmoM kI bhayaMkaratA kA darzana Adi anubhAva haiN| inase niSpanna zama rUpa sthAyIbhAva zAnta-rasa kI sRSTi kara rahA hai| samaNo ahaM saMjao baMbhayArI virao dhnnpynnprigghaao| parappavittassa u bhikkhakAle annassa aTThA ihamAgao mi|| uttara. 12/9 maiM zramaNa hUM, saMyamI hUM, brahmacArI hUM, dhana, pacana-pAcana aura parigraha se virata huuN| yaha bhikSA kA kAla hai| maiM sahaja niSpanna bhojana pAne ke lie yahAM AyA huuN| harikezI kI tapaHsAdhanA kA yaha marmasparzI citraNa, parikara-alaMkAra kA yoga pAkara zAnta-rasa kI suSamA ko bar3hA rahA hai| citta meM sthita nirveda sthAyIbhAva hai| tattvajJAna Alambana vibhAva hai| tapa-niSThA, zramaniSThA, aparigrahavRtti Adi anubhAva haiN| dhRti, zauca Adi saMcArikoM kI sahAyatA se zAnta-rasa AkAra le rahA hai| 'harikezI muni svayaM zAMta-rasa kI pratimUrti hI pratIta hote haiN| AgamoM meM kahA gayA ki muni pITe jAne para bhI krodha na kare, mana meM bhI dveSa na laaye| cANDAlaputra muni harikezI kumAroM dvArA DaMDoM evaM cAbukoM se pITe gye| sevA meM lage hue yakSa ne kumAroM ko bhUmi para girA diyaa| yaha dekhakara somadeva ne muni ko kahA- RSi mahAn prasannacitta hote haiN| muni kopa nahIM kiyA krte| muni ne jo uttara diyA, lagatA hai saMyama aura tapa se AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue unakA aMtaHkaraNa hara kSaNa zAntarasa se sarobAra thA puTviM ca iNDiM ca aNAgayaM cA, maNappadoso na me atthi ko| jakkhA hu veyAvaDiyaM kareMti, tamhA hu ee nihayA kumaaraa|| uttara. 12/32 uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 147 2010_03

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'mere mana meM koI pradveSa na pahale thA, na abhI hai aura na Age bhI hogaa| kiMtu yakSa merA vaiyAvRtya kara rahe haiM, isalie ye kumAra pratAr3ita hue|' yahAM 'vAsIcaMdaNakappo ya' yaha AgamavAkya harikezI para pUrNataH ghaTita ho rahA hai| samatA kA paripAka ho jAne para citta viSayoM kI Asakti se zUnya ho jAtA hai| isa zUnyatA se yoga vizada/nirmala bana jAte haiM jisase vAsIcaMdana-tulyatA kI sthiti nirmita hotI hai| muni ke yogoM kI nirmalatA se zAMta-rasa pratikSaNa sahacArI banA rhaa| muni harikezI kA zAnta aMtaHkaraNa pratibimbita ho rahA hai| saMyama pradhAna zama yahAM sthAyIbhAva hai| sahaja saMyamacetanA, vairAgya, cittazaddhi Adi Alambana vibhAva haiN| kaSAya kA upazamana uddIpana vibhAva hai| oja, teja, saumya, zAMta mukha-mudrA Adi anubhAva haiN| harSa, dyuti, nirveda Adi saMcArIbhAva haiN| ina sabakA saMyoga yahAM zAMta-rasa kA sRjana kara rahA hai| bhRgu purohita kA pUrA parivAra dIkSita ho gayA-yaha bAta sunakara paramparA ke anusAra rAjA iSukAra ne sampUrNa saMpatti para adhikAra karanA caahaa| usa samaya rAnI kamalAvatI ne rAjA ko saMsAra kI kSaNa-bhaMguratA kA upadeza diyA, vahAM zAnta-rasa kI saritA pravAhita karane meM tanmaya hokara kamalAvatI kahatI hai - marihisi rAya! jayA tayA vA maNorame kAmaguNe phaay| ekko hu dhammo naradeva! tANaM na vijjaI annamiheha kiMci|| uttara. 14/40 rAjana! ina manorama kAmabhogoM ko chor3akara jaba kabhI maranA hogaa| he naradeva! eka dharma hI trANa hai| usake sivAya koI dUsarI vastu trANa nahIM de sktii| rAnI ke upadeza se rAjA kA soyA huA paurUSa jAga utthaa| hRdaya saMvega/virAga se bhara gyaa| donoM pravajita ho gye| duHkha kA aMta karake maraNa-bhaya ko samApta kara diyaa| zAnta-rasa kA dharma-bhAvanA se ghaniSTha sambandha hai| yahAM zAntarasa kI surabhi phailAne meM kamalAvatI Alambana vibhAva hai| saMsAra kI asAratA, azaraNatA kA upadeza uddIpana vibhAva haiN| atrANatA kA anubhava karanA, saMyama svIkAranA Adi anubhAva haiN| nirveda, harSa Adi saMcArI bhAvoM se puSTa 'zama' sthAyI bhAva ke kAraNa rAjA-rAnI zAzvata zAMta-rasa meM pratiSThita ho gye| 148 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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'jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyuH ' jo janmatA hai, vaha avazya hI maratA hai tathA 'maraNasamaM natthi bhayaM' - maraNa ke samAna dUsarA koI bhaya nahIM hai| dharma isa bhaya se trANa de sakatA hai-ina zAzvata satyoM kA udghATana kara eka strI ne bhAratIya manISA kI garimA ko aura adhika bar3hAyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM 'nisante' ( 1/8 ) zabda kA prayoga bhI zAnta rasa ke lie huA hai| isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana meM prAyaH sabhI rasoM kA viniyojana AgamakAra ne kiyA hai| bhAvoM kI AdhArazilA para hI rasa kA bhavya rAjaprAsAda adhiSThita hai| zAnta rasa, vIra rasa kI pramukhatA hai| anya rasa gauNarUpa meM prayukta haiN| kucha prasaMgoM meM rasAbhAsa ke udAharaNa bhI prApsa haiN| - chaMda laya, svara tathA mAtrAoM ke ucita sanniveza se yukta zAbdika abhivyakti chaMda hai| jaise zabdaniyamana vyAkaraNazAstra se, vAkyaniyamana sAhityazAstra se kiyA jAtA hai, vaise hI akSaraniyamana chaMdazAstra se kiyA jAtA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke anusAra sabase prAcIna graMtha Rgveda chandobaddha hai, isalie chaMdazAstra kA udaya bhAratavarSa meM mAnanA caahie| nArAyaNa zAstrI khiste ke matAnusAra chandazAstra ke upalabdha graMthoM meM prAcIna graMtha piGgala kA chaMdasUtra hai, jisameM vaidika aura laukika chaMdoM kA nirUpaNa kara mAtrA, gaNa, yati, guru, laghu Adi viSayoM kA acchA vivecana prApta hai| 30 jIvana-cetanA jaba vizvacetanA banakara sarvAMgINa svarUpa ko prApta karatI hai taba chaMdomayI vANI niHsRta hotI hai| isa vANI se sAhitya manoraMjaka, AhlAdaka banatA hai| alaMkAra bAhya AkarSaNa kA vAcaka hai| para chaMda Antarika prasannatA utpanna karatA hai| chaMdabaddha upadeza adhika prabhAvaka hone se chaMda upadeza - paramparA kA upakAraka hai| 33 bhAratIya sAhitya meM chaMda zabda kA prayoga aneka arthoM meM huA hai| Rgveda meM pralobhana, prasannatA, AmaMtraNa arthoM meM 33, prArthanA ke vAcaka rUpa meM nighaNTu meM re2, pANini meM veda tathA SaDaGgoM meM eka aMga - chaMdaH pAdau tu vedasya 34 icchA evaM kalpanA ke artha meM cANakyanItidarpaNa meM padya ke artha meM amarakoSa Adi meM chaMda zabda kA niyojana 35 , vRtta evaM huA 'hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 2010_03 149

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'candayati AhlAdayati iti chandaH , 37 jo pAThakoM ko prasanna karatA hai, Ananda detA hai vahI chanda hai / yaha mAtrika evaM varNika ke bheda se do prakAra kA haiM / 38 chandazAstra meM prAyaH mAtrika chandoM ke lie chanda yA jAti tathA varNika chandoM ke lie vRtta kA prayoga hai| akSaroM kI gaNanA ko varNika evaM mAtrAoM kI gaNanA ko mAtrika chanda kahate haiN| varNika gaNa ATha haiM-ma, na, bha, ya, ja, ra, sa aura tagaNa AThoM gaNoM kA laghu-guru vidhAna isa prakAra hai jisameM tIna guru ho vaha magaNa ( SSS), tIna laghu ho vaha nagaNa (III), Adi gurU aura zeSa do laghu ho vaha bhagaNa (SII), Adi laghu tathA do gurU ho vaha yagaNa (ISS), madhya meM gurU aura Adi - aMta meM laghu ho vaha jagaNa (ISI), madhya meM laghu tathA Adi - aMta meM gurU ho vaha ragaNa, (SIS), aMta gurU aura Adi-madhya laghu ho vaha sagaNa (IIS) tathA jisake aMta meM laghu aura Adimadhya meM gurU ho vaha tagaNa (SSI) hotA hai| 2. 3. 4. mastrigurustrilaghuzca nakAro bhAdiguruH punarAdilaghuryaH / jo gurumadhyagato ralamadhyaH so'ntaguruH kthito'ntlghustH|| 39 krama gaNasaMjJA 1. 5. 6. 7. 8. 40 'prAkRtapaiMgalam' meM bhI aisA hI nirdeza hai| 150 .41 'prAkRtapaiMgalam' meM gaNoM ke devatA, phala Adi kA ullekha hai ? - gaNa svarUpa devatA phalAphala SSS pRthvI Rddhi III jala buddhi SII maMgala ISS ISI SIS IIS SSI magaNa nagaNa bhagaNa yagaNa jagaNa ragaNa sagaNa tagaNa sukha-sampadA udvega maraNa pravAsa zUnya gaNa, nagaNa mitra haiN| yagaNa, bhagaNa sevaka haiN| jagaNa, tagaNa donoM udAsIna hai| sagaNa, ragaNa hamezA zatru haiM / 42 kAla 2010_03 agni gagana sUrya caMdramA nAga uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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chanda kA sIdhA sambandha rasa yA bhAva se hai| sAhityazAstriyoM ne pratyeka rasa ke lie alaga-alaga chaMdoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| lagatA hai hara yuga meM RSi bhI chaMda aura rasa-bhAva ke pragAr3ha sambandhoM se paricita rahe haiN| isalie AgamoM meM bhI bhinna-bhinna bhAvoM tathA rasoM ke lie bhinna-bhinna chaMdoM kA prayoga milatA hai| uttarajjhayaNANi kA adhika bhAga padyAtmaka hai| isameM mAtrika aura varNika donoM prakAra ke chaMda prayukta hue haiN| mAtrika mAtrAoM kI gaNanA ko mAtrika chaMda kahate haiN| eka mAtrika varNa hasva, dvimAtrika dIrgha, trimAtrika pluta tathA svararahita vyajana arddhamAtrika hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM mAtrika chandoM meM gAthA kA prayoga prApta hai| gAthA chanda gAthA zabda 'gAG gatau', 'gai zabde' tathA 'gA stutau 43 dhAtu se thakan tathA strIliMga meM TAp pratyaya karane para niSpanna hotA hai| zabdakalpadruma meM ise jJeyachanda evaM vAGmayArNava meM vANI aura chaMda ke artha meM svIkRta kiyA hai-'gAthA tu vaannyaamaaryaayaampiylaanuktnaamsu|'44 saMskRta meM gAthA chanda ko AryA kahate haiN| jisake prathama aura tRtIya pada meM bAraha mAtrAeM, dUsare meM aThAraha tathA caturtha pada meM paMdraha mAtrAeM hoM use AryA kahate haiM yasyAH pAde prathame dvAdaza mAtrAstathA tRtiiye'pi| aSTAdaza dvitIye caturthaka pacadaza saa''aa|| 'prAkRtapaiMgalam' meM gAthA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra haipaDhamaM bAraha mattA bIe aTThArahehiM sNjutaa| jaha paDhamaM taha tIaM dahapaMca vihUsiA gaahaa|| AkhyAna, kathAtmaka saMvAda, caritra-saundarya evaM siddhAMta-vyAkhyA Adi meM gAthA kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta gAthAoM ke kucha caraNoM meM nau, dasa, gyAraha Adi akSara haiN| mahAlakSmI, sAraMgikA, pAittA, kamala Adi kaI chanda nava akSara vAle haiN| para unakI unase gaNa- saMgati nahIM baiThatI hai, isalie unheM uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 151 2010_03

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gAthA ke aMtargata hI rakhA gayA hai| usI prakAra dasa, gyAraha akSaroM vAle bhI uttarAdhyayana meM gAthA chanda ke aMtargata samAviSTa kiye gaye haiN| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya hai kaMpillammi ya nayare SSS I I IIS = 12 mAtrAeM samAgayA do vi cittasaMbhUyA ISISS I SSSSI = 18 mAtrAeM suhadukkhaphalavivAgaM / / / / / / = 12 mAtrAeM kaheMti te ekkamekkassa (uttara. 13/3) ISI S SI S S S = 15 mAtrAeM kAmpilya nagara meM citta aura saMbhUta donoM mile| donoM ne paraspara eka dUsare ke sukha-duHkha ke vipAka kI bAta kii| devalogasarise SISITIS = 12 mAtrAeM aMteuravaragao vare bhoe| SSITUS IS IS = 18 mAtrAeM bhuMjittu namI rAyA SSI IS SS = 12 mAtrAeM buddho bhoge priccyii| (uttara. 9/3) SS SS IS || S = 15 mAtrAeM usa namirAja ne pravara antaHpura meM rahakara devaloka ke bhogoM ke samAna pradhAna bhogoM kA bhoga kiyA aura saMbuddha hone ke pazcAt una bhogoM ko chor3a diyaa| varNika akSaroM kI gaNanA ko varNika chanda kahate haiN| varNika chanda ke tIna bheda haiM 1. samavRtta-jisake cAroM caraNa samAna hoN| 152 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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2. arddhasamavRtta - jisameM prathama aura tRtIya tathA dvitIya aura caturtha caraNa samAna hoN| 3. viSamavRtta - jisameM cAroM caraNa asamAna hoN| uttarAdhyayana meM anuSTup, upajAti, indravajrA, upendravajrA tathA vaMzastha varNika chaMda vyavahRta hue haiN| anuSTup anu upasarga pUrvaka stubh dhAtu se anuSTup zabda niSpanna hai / nirukta meM isakA nirvacana isa prakAra hai- 'anuSTubanuSTobhanAt " " arthAt anustavana karane se yaha anuSTup kahalAtA hai| vaidika sAhitya kA yaha ati priya chaMda hai| anuSTup meM akSaroM kI saMkhyA battIsa hotI hai| loka meM ise ' zloka' bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake cAra caraNa tathA pratyeka caraNa meM ATha varNa hote haiM, mAtrAeM alaga-alaga hotI haiN| zloke SaSThaM gururjJeyaM sarvatra laghu paMcamam / dvicatuSpAdayohasvaM saptamaM dIrghamanyayoH || zloka ke pratyeka caraNa meM chaThA varNa guru tathA pAMcavA laghu hotA hai| dvitIya aura caturtha caraNa meM sAtavAM laghu hotA hai| prathama aura tRtIya caraNa meM sAtavAM guru hotA hai| chandomaMjarI meM ise vaktra chanda kahA gayA hai| 49 uttarAdhyayana meM anuSTup kA bahuta prayoga huA hai| gAthA chaMda ke sAtha bhI anuSTup kA prayoga milatA hai| (kucha caraNa gAthA ke, kucha anuSTup ke) isa prakAra anuSTup chanda kA do rUpoM meM vivecana kiyA jAtA hai 1 . zuddha anuSTup - jisake cAroM caraNoM meM anuSTup kA lakSaNa ghaTita ho| 2. azuddha anuSTup - jisameM kucha caraNa anuSTup ke tathA kucha anya chandoM meN| zuddha anuSTup 'cAuraMgijjaM' meM prANiyoM ke lie durlabha kintu upAdeya cAra tattvoM kA nirUpaNa anuSTup chaMda meM isa prakAra hai uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 2010_03 153

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cattAri paramaMgANi, dullahANIha jaMtuNo / mANusattaM suI saddhA, saMjamammi ya vIriyaM / / uttara. 3/1 isa saMsAra meM prANiyoM ke lie cAra parama aMga durlabha hai - manuSyatva, zruti, zraddhA aura saMyama meM parAkrama / isa gAthA ke pratyeka caraNa meM chaThA varNa kramaSaH maM, jaM, I, vI guru hai tathA pAMcavAM varNa ra, ha, su, ya sarvatra laghu hai| dUsare aura caturtha caraNa meM sAtavAM tu, raghu hai tathA prathama aura tRtIya meM gA, sa ( saMyoga pUrva) guru hai| anuSTup chaMda meM harikezI kI pUjyatA kA varNana dhyAtavya haiacce te mahAbhAga !, na te kiMci na accimo / bhuMjAhi sAlimaM kUraM, nANAvaMjaNasaMjayaM / uttara. 12 / 34 mahAbhAga ! hama ApakI arcA karate haiN| ApakA kucha bhI aisA nahIM haiM, jisakI hama arcA na kreN| Apa nAnA vyaMjanoM se yukta cAvala - niSpanna bhojana liijie| yahAM prathama caraNa kA paMcama akSara 'ma' laghu, chaThA 'hA' evaM sAtavAM 'bhA' donoM guru haiN| tRtIya caraNa meM pAMcavAM 'li' laghu tathA chaThA 'maM' evaM sAtavAM 'kU' guru hai| dvitIya pAda kA pAMcavAM 'na' tathA sAtavAM 'ci' laghu hai tathA chaThA 'a' (saMyoga pUrva) guru hai| caturtha pAda kA pAMcavAM 'Na' evaM sAtavAM 'ju' laghu hai tathA chaThA 'saM' guru hai| ataH yahAM anuSTup kA lakSaNa pUrNatayA ghaTita hai| mizra anuSTup saMjogA vippamukkassa, aNagArassa bhikkhuNo / viNayaM pAukarissAmi, ANupuvviM suNeha me / uttara. 1 / 1 saMyoga se mukta hai, anagAra hai, bhikSu hai, usake vinaya ko kramazaH prakaTa kruuNgaa| mujhe suno| 154 isake tRtIya caraNa meM. gAthA chaMda kA lakSaNa ghaTita hai| zeSa meM 8-8 varNa haiN| prathama pAda kA paMcama laghu tathA chaThA, sAtavAM guru hai| dvitIya kA pAMcavAM, sAtavAM laghu aura chaThA guru hai| caturtha kA paMcama, saptama laghu hai tathA chaThA guru hai| 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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upajAti yaha saMskRta evaM prAkRta vAGmaya kA pramukha chaMda hai| udAttatA, bhayaMkaratA Adi ke citraNa meM upajAti chaMda kA prayoga prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai| chaMdasUtra tathA usakI vRtti meM upajAti ke svarUpa tathA caudaha bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| piMgala ne likhA hai- 'AdyantAvupajAtayaH' indravajrA aura upendravajrA ke caraNa milakara upajAti kA nirmANa hotA hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM prabhUta mAtrA meM upajAti kA prayoga milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM cauthA evaM battIsavAM adhyayana upajAti chaMda meM nibaMdhita hai| avinIta-vinIta ziSya ke lakSaNa prakaTa karate hue uttarAdhyayanakAra kahate haiM aNAsavA thUlavayA kusIlA ISIS SISI ISS (upendravajrA) miuM pi caNDaM pakareMti siisaa| IS i SS LIST (upendravajrA) cittANuyA lahudakkhovaveyA SS IS THIS ISS (indravajrA) pasAyae te hu durAsayaM pi|| uttara. 1/13 IS IS I S ISS (upendravajrA) AjJA ko na mAnane vAle aura aMTa-saMTa bolane vAle kuzIla ziSya komala svabhAva vAle guru ko bhI krodhI banA dete haiN| citta ke anusAra calane vAle aura paTutA se kArya saMpanna karane vAle ziSya durAzaya guru ko bhI prasanna kara lete haiN| uparyukta gAthA ke tRtIya caraNa meM vikalpa kA prayoga huA hai| tagaNa ke bAda tagaNa honA cAhie thA, kintu tagaNa ke bAda bhagaNa kA prayoga huA hai tathA saMyoga se pUrva 'da' ko vikalpa se laghu mAnA hai| upajAti chaMda meM karma-siddhAMta kA pratipAdana karate hue AgamakAra kahate haiM SS. uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 155 ____ 2010_03

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teNe jahA saMdhimuhe gahIe SS IS SIIS ISS (indravajrA) sakammuNA kiccai paavkaarii| ISIS SII SISS (upendravajrA) evaM payA pecca ihaM ca loe SS ISSI IS ISS (indravajrA) kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi / / uttara. 4/3 ISISI / / SS (upendravajrA) indavajrA yaha gyAraha akSaroM vAlA varNika chaMda hai, samachanda hai| isa chaMda ke pratyeka caraNa meM do tagaNa, eka jagaNa evaM aMta meM do guru kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| piMgala ne likhA hai- 'indravajrA tau jgau m|' vRttaratnAkara meM indravajrA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai-'syAdindravajrA yadi tau jagau gH|12 ettha khattA uvajoiyA vA S. SISS TISISS ajjhAvayA vA saha khNddiehiN| SSIS SISS eyaM daMDeNa phaleNa hatA SS SSI ISI SS kaMThammi ghettUNa khaleja jo nnN|| uttara. 12/18 SSI SSI ISI SS yahAM kauna hai kSatriya, rasoiyA, adhyApaka yA chAtra, jo DaNDe se pITa, eDI kA prahAra kara, galahatthA de isa nirgrantha ko yahAM se bAhara nikaale| Upara varNita chaMda ke tIsare caraNa ko chor3akara pratyeka caraNa meM do tagaNa (SSI,I SSI), eka jagaNa (ISI) aura aMta meM do guru (SS) krama se gyAraha varNa haiN| tIsare caraNa meM vaikalpika prayoga hone se ekamAtrA kI hAni hai| upendravajrA indravajrA chanda ke cAroM caraNoM ke prathama akSara laghu arthAt hasva hoM, _156 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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to kavi zreSThoM ne usa chanda ko upendravajrA kahA hai| piMgalasUtra meM isakA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai 'upendravajrA jtau jgaug' jisa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM eka jagaNa, eka tagaNa phira eka jagaNa aura do guru hoM to use upendravajrA kahate haiN| yathA sammaddamANe pANANi, bIyANi hariyANi y| asaMjae saMjayamannamANe ISISSIISISS pAvasamaNi tti vuccaI || uttara. 17/6 uparyukta chaMda ke tRtIya caraNa meM upendravajrA kA lakSaNa ghaTita ho rahA hai| zeSa tIna caraNa meM anuSTup kA prayoga hai| vaMzastha prasiddha chaMda hone se prAyaH sabhI chandazAstriyoM ne isakA vivecana kiyA hai| piMgala ne isakA lakSaNa batAyA- 'vaMzasthA jatau jarau / 153 yaha bhI varNika chaMda hai| isake cAroM caraNa samAna hote haiN| jagaNa, tagaNa, jagaNa, ragaNa krama se pratyeka caraNa meM bAraha akSara hote haiN| vaMzastha ko hI vaMzasthavila, vaMzastanita Adi nAmoM se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| pAda meM yati kA vidhAna hotA hai| vinIta ke mahattva ko ujAgara karatI huI eka gAthA prathama adhyayana meM vaMzastha chaMda meM hai - sa pujnasatthe suviNIyasaMsae maNoruI ciTThai kmmsNpyaa| ISISS / / '| '|' ISIS '|| SIS tavosamAyArisamAhisaMvuDe ISISSIISISIS mahajjuI ISIS paMcavayAI SIISI uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 2010_03 pAliyA / / SIS vaha pUjyazAstra hotA hai - usake zAstrIyajJAna kA bahuta sammAna hotA hai| usake sAre saMzaya miTa jAte haiN| vaha guru ke mana ko bhAtA hai| vaha uttara. 1/47 157

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karma- saMpadA se sampanna hokara rahatA hai| vaha tapaH sAmAcArI aura samAdhi se saMvRta hotA hai| vaha pAMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana kara mahAna tejasvI ho jAtA hai| isa gAthA meM prayukta chaMda ke aMtima caraNa meM 'I' ko vikalpa se laghu mAnA hai| 54 isake atirikta AThavAM adhyayana 'kAvilIyaM' gIta-geya haiM, inakA lakSaNa 'uggAhA' chaMda se kucha milatA hai| hamAre vicAroM ke anurUpa hamArI vANI uThatI - giratI calatI hai| vANI kI yahI taraMga, yahI utAra-car3hAva laya ko janma detA hai| jo bhAva chaMda baddha hotA hai vaha adhika amaratva ko prApta karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki DhAI hajAra varSa ke bAda bhI RSivANI kI yaha anugUMja bhavyajanoM ke kAnoM meM gUMjita hokara manuSyajanma kI sArthakatA siddha kara rahI hai| alaMkAra AgamavANI aMtaHkaraNa se uThI AvAja hai| pavitra aMtaHkaraNa se sphUrta vANI meM hRdaya-pakSa pradhAna hotA hai| yahI vaha kAraNa hai jisase ArSa-vANIAgama ko zreSTha kaha sakate haiN| ArSa-vANI kI vizeSatA hai ki yaha sIdhI vyakti ke hRdaya ko chUtI hai, usake kaNa-kaNa meM vyApta hokara use bhI zIghra pAvana sAmarthya se yukta banAtI hai| RSi, upadezaka apanI kathana praNAlI meM aisI pravidhiyoM kA Azraya lete haiM jinase unakI vANI sazakta evaM prabhaviSNu bana jAtI hai| uttarAdhyayana dharmakathAnuyoga meM parigaNita Agama hai / kathya kI abhivyakti evaM siddhAntoM ke prayoga ke lie uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke RSi ne aneka alaMkAroM kA viniyojana kiyA hai, jinameM upamA, rUpaka, dRSTAnta Adi pramukha haiN| prakRti apane AvaraNa ko sajAne-saMvArane meM nitya navIna rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| sAhityakAra prakRti se zikSA grahaNa karane vAlA bhAvuka prANI hai| vaha na kevala apane bAhya rUpa ko sundara banAne ke lie zrRMgAra Adi kA prayoga karatA hai kintu apanI vicArAtmaka abhivyakti ko bhI sundara tathA manorama banAne ke lie alaMkAroM kI sahAyatA letA hai| kAvya meM zabdagata evaM arthagata camatkAra utpanna karane meM alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / 158 Jain Education Interrrational 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI- vaijJAnika adhyayana

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alaMkAra : artha evaM svarUpa alaMkAra kA zAbdika artha hai-suzobhita karane vAlA yA jisase suzobhita huA jAtA hai| yaha karttA va sAdhana donoM rUpoM meM prayukta hotA hai| alaMkAra kA sAmAnya artha hai-aabhuussnn| AbhUSaNa zarIra ke aMga nahIM haiM, dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle padArtha haiN| vaise hI kAvya meM alaMkAra mUla viSayavastu ke aMga na hokara usakI zailI se sambandhita tattva haiN| Anandavardhana ne zabdArthabhUta kAvya-sAhitya ke AbhUSaka dharma ko alaMkAra kahA hai|55 AcArya mammaTa ne likhA hai-- alaMkAra zabdArtha kA zobhAvardhana karate hue mukhyataH rasa ke upakAraka hote haiN| yaha zabdArtha kA asthira yA anitya dharma hai aura isakA sthAna kaTaka, kuNDala Adi AbhUSaNoM kI bhAMti aMga ko vibhUSita karanA hai| upakurvanti taM santaM ye'ddhAreNa jaatucit| hArAdivadalaGkArAste'nuprAsopamAdayaH / / 16 alaMkAra kA mahattva ____ alaMkAra kAvya kA saundarya hai| yuvatI kA atyadhika lAvaNyapUrNa zarIrasaundarya bAhya alaMkAra se saMpRkta hokara adhika vilasita hotA hai, vaise hI AtmA ke Aloka se utpanna kAvya kA saundarya anuprAsa, upamA Adi bahuvidha alaMkAroM kA sahayoga pAkara utkRSTa ho jAtA hai| rAjazekhara ne alaMkAra ke mahattva ko aMkita karate hue use veda kA sAtavAM aMga mAnA hai- 'upakArakatvAt alaMkAraH saptamaMgamiti yAyAvarIyaH Rte ca tatsvarUpa parijJAnAt vedaarthaanvgtiH|57 rAjazekhara ke anusAra alaMkAra artha ke upakAraka hote bhAvAveza kI sthiti meM alaMkAroM kA svataH prasphuTana ho jAtA hai tathA kalpanA yA bhAvAveza ke kAraNa bhASA kA alaMkRta honA sahaja saMbhAvya hai| alaMkAra kAvya ke mAtra bAhya dharma na hokara mana meM Ae bhASA ke ratna haiM, jinameM kalpanA kA nitya vihAra hai|58 uttarAdhyayana meM alaMkAra uttarAdhyayana meM alaMkAra svataH sphUrta haiM aura inakA prayoga sahaja uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 159 ___ 2010_03

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svAbhAvika tathA bhAvoM kI utkRSTa abhivyakti ke lie huA hai| manuSya kI maulika manovRttiyAM, prAkRtika chaTA, sAMsArika dRzya Adi ke prasaMgoM meM upamA aura dRSTAnta alaMkAra pade-pade dekhe jA sakate haiN| kisa paristhiti meM kavi kisa mAnasika bhAva kI abhivyakti karatA hai- isa tathya kA udghATana bhI sahaja huA hai| alaMkAroM meM zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra donoM kA pracuratA se prayoga huA hai| ye bhAvoM ko saralatA se hRdaya taka pahuMcAne ke lie saMvAhaka haiN| yahAM uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta kucha alaMkAroM kA vivecana kiyA jA rahA * upamA alaMkAra upamA alaMkAra atyanta prAcIna va saundarya kI dRSTi se agragaNya hai| yaha sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAra hai| upamA meM do padArthoM ko samIpa rakhakara ekadUsare ke sAtha sAdharmya sthApita kiyA jAtA hai| mammaTa kI paribhASA ke anusAra upameya aura upamAna meM bheda hone para bhI unake sAdharmya ko upamA kahate haiN|59 __ prAcInatA, vyApakatA, ramaNIyatA, saundarya-priyatA Adi kI dRSTi se upamA kA adhika mahattva hai| appaya dIkSita ne upamA ko nRtya kI bhUmikA meM vividha rUpoM ko dhAraNa kara sahRdayoM kA raMjana karane vAlI naTI ke samAna mAnA hai - upamaikA zailUSI samprAptA citrabhUmikA bhedaan| raMjayati kAvyaraMge nRtyaMtI tadvidAM cetH||60 upamA alaMkAra sabhI alaMkAroM meM pradhAnabhUta hai| prAcIna kAla se hI bhAratIya paramparA ke kaviyoM, RSiyoM evaM AcAryoM ne upamA kA prabhUta prayoga kiyA hai| saMsAra kA Adyagrantha Rgveda meM aneka lalita evaM utkRSTa upamAeM milatI haiN| brAhmaNa graMtha, upaniSad, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, kAlidAsa kA sAhitya upamAoM se bharA hai| upamA prayoga meM kAlidAsa kA mahattva sarva svIkRta hai| jaina paramparA meM sabase prAcIna grantha Agama mAne jAte haiM; jo Aptavacana haiN| inameM upamAoM kA pracura prayoga milatA hai| Agama sAhitya kA prathama evaM Adya graMtha AcArAMga sUtra meM aneka sundara upamAoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| nAgo saMgAmasIse vA (9/8/13), sUro saMgAmasIse vA (9/3/13) Adi 160 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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aneka ramaNIya upamAeM prayukta haiN| sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtA Adi aMgAgamoM meM aneka prakAra kI upamAoM kA viniyojana milatA hai| upamA-vaiziSTya uttarAdhyayana kAvya kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| uttarAdhyayana meM racanAkAra kA kalpanA kSetra bahuta vistRta hai| jaMgama-sthAvara ke vyApaka jagata kA kavidRSTi ne sparza kiyA hai| isameM prayukta upamAna pratyakSa jagata taka hI sImita nahIM parokSa va antarjagata se bhI Ae haiN| kahIM para mUrta upameya ke lie amUrta upamAna kA, to kahIM amUrta upameya ke lie mUrta upamAna kA prayoga huA hai| upamA zabda kA prayoga bhI sAtaveM, battIsaveM adhyayana meM huA hai| isase alaMkAroM kI prAcInatA va vizeSa rUpa se upamA alaMkAra kI prAcInatA kA sahaja hI darzana ho jAtA hai| lagatA hai jabase sAhitya kA prAdurbhAva huA hai, upamAeM usake sAtha calI haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM prApta upamAnoM ko nimna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. jaMgama varga-tiryaJca, manuSya, deva aadi| 2. sthAvara varga- vanaspati jagata, agni, dvIpa, samudra aadi| 3. acetana varga- astra-zastra, dhAtu-padArtha, khAdya-padArtha Adi / uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta upamA alaMkAra ke kucha udAharaNa draSThya haikendra meM kauna ? evaM dhammaM viukkamma ahammaM pddivjjiyaa| bAle maccumuhaM patte akkhe bhagge va soyii|| uttara. 5/15 isI prakAra dharma kA ullaMghana kara adharma ko svIkAra kara mRtyu ke mukha meM par3A huA ajJAnI dhurI TUTe hue gAr3IvAna kI taraha zoka karatA hai| yahAM dharma ko gAr3IvAna kI sArthaka upamA dekara kavi kahanA cAhate haiM ki gAr3IvAna ko gAr3I hI lakSita maMjila kI ora le jAtI hai, usakA bhAra halkA karatI hai| kintu yadi dhurA-akSa TUTA huA hai to gAr3IvAna ke lie vahI dhurA zoka kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai, vaha asahAya ho jAtA hai| vaise hI jo dharma ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai, use saMsAra-cakra meM bhaTakanA par3atA hai| dharma ko svIkAra karane vAlA hI Age bar3ha sakatA hai| kendra meM dharma rahe to vaha surakSita raha sakatA hai, ataH kendra meM dharma kA rahanA jarUrI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 161 2010_03

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jIvana : eka taraMga jIvana kI kSaNikatA tathA nazvaratA kA citraNa upamA ke mAdhyama se marmasparzI banA hai dumapattae paMDuyae jahA nivaDai rAigaNANa acce| evaM maNuyANa jIviyaM samayaM goyama! mA pmaaye|| uttara. 10/1 jisa prakAra rAtriyAM bItane para vRkSa kA pakA huA pattA gira jAtA hai, usI prakAra manuSya kA jIvana eka dina samApta ho jAtA hai, isalie he gautama! tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kr| anayogadvAra meM isa kalpanA ko adhika sarasatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| pake hue pattoM ko girate dekha kopaleM haMsI taba pattoM ne kahA--jarA Thaharo, eka dina tuma para bhI vahI bItegI, jo Aja hama para bIta rahI hai|61 kabIra ne isI upamAna ko bhASA dete hue kahAmAlI Avata dekhakara kaliyAM kare pukaar| phUlahi phUlahi cunhi liyai kAli hamArI baar|| uttarAdhyayana kA 'dumapattae paMDuyae' upamAna jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA tathA samavartI-kRtAnta ke saba para samAna vartana kA dyotaka hai| bahuzrutatA kI Rddhi bahuzruta ke aizvarya ko pratipAdita karane ke lie cakravartI ke upamAna dvArA kavi kI lekhanI vivaza hokara kahatI hai--Rddhi-saMpanna caturanta cakravartI caudaha ratnoM kA adhipati hotA hai, vaise hI bahuzruta caturdaza pUrvadhara hotA hai jahA se cAurante cakkavaTTI mhiddddhie| caudasarayaNAhivaI evaM havaI bhussue|| uttara. 11/22 cakravartI SaTkhaMDa kA adhipati hotA hai| vaha caturaMgiNI senA-hasti, azva, ratha aura padAti ke dvArA zatru kA aMta karane vAlA tathA senApati, gAthApati Adi caudaha ratnoM kA svAmI hotA hai| usI prakAra bahuzruta kA vidyA rUpI rAjya cAroM dizAoM meM vyApta rahatA hai| maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya, mAdhyastha isa bhAvanA catuSTayI se parISaha rUpI zatruoM para vijaya prApta karatA hai tathA caturdaza pUrvo kA svAmI hotA hai| yahAM cakravartI ke upamAna se bahuzruta kI bahuzrutatA 162 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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aura parAkramazIlatA kA udghATana kara donoM meM samAnatA khojane kA saphala upakrama huA hai| mRtyu kA grAsa 'jaheha sIho va miyaM gahAya maccU naraM nei hu aMtakAle' uttara. 13/22 jisa prakAra siMha hiraNa ko pakar3a kara le jAtA hai, usI prakAra antakAla meM mRtyu manuSya ko le jAtI hai| mRtyu kI nizcitatA, akATyatA darzAne hetu siMha ko upamAna banAyA gayA hai| yahAM mRtyu kI upamA siMha se tathA manuSya kI upamA mRga se kI gaI hai| siMha ke pairoM meM AyA huA mRga baca nahIM sakatA, siMha use nigala jAtA hai| vaise hI yamarAja ke hastagata koI bhI prANI nahIM baca sakatA, na use koI bacA sakatA hai| usakI mRtyu avazyaMbhAvI hai-isa tathya kA pratipAdana siMha ke upamAna se huA hai| pUrNopamA kA yaha udAharaNa hRdayagrAhI hai| AcArAMga vRtti meM bhI mRtyu kI sarvagAmitA batAte hue kahA hai| vadata yadIha kazcidanusaMtata sukha pribhoglaalitH| prayatnazataparo'pi vigatavyathamAyuravAptavAnnaraH // 62 nAsate vidyate bhAvo .... jahA ya aggI araNIusaMto khIre ghayaM tella mhaatilesu| emeva jAyA ! sarIraMsi sattA saMmucchaI nAsai naavcitthe|| uttara. 14/18 putroM ! jisa prakAra araNi meM avidyamAna agni utpanna hotI hai, dUdha meM ghI aura tila meM tela paidA hotA hai, usI prakAra zarIra meM jIva utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa ho jAte haiN| zarIra kA nAza ho jAne para usakA astitva nahIM rhtaa| AtmA ke viSaya meM saMdigdha hokara putra saMyama svIkAra na kare, isalie AtmA ke nAstitva kA dRSTikoNa upasthita karate hue dehAsakta iSukAra nRpa kI putra ke prati yaha ukti hai| isameM zarIra kI upamA araNi Adi se tathA jIva kI upamA agni Adi se dekara asadvAdiyoM ke abhimata kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 163 2010_03

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na utpatti ke pUrva kisI vastu kI sattA hotI hai, na vinAza ke bAda usakA koI astitva--isI tathya ko pratipAdita karane ke lie araNi aura Aga, tila aura tela Adi ko upamAna banAyA gayA hai| 'jahA' ke prayoga se yahAM nidarzanA alaMkAra bhI hai| aputrasya gati : .... paMkhAvihUNo vva jaheha pakkhI, bhiccAvihUNo vva raNe narindo vivannasAro vaNio vva poe, pahINaputto mi tahA ahaM pi // uttara. 14/30 binA paMkha kA pakSI, raNabhUmi meM senA rahita rAjA aura jalapota para dhana-rahita vyApArI jaisA asahAya hotA hai, putroM ke cale jAne para maiM bhI vaisA hI ho gayA huuN| 'aputrasya gatirnAsti', 'anapatyasya lokA na santi' lokaprasiddha isa tathya ko ujAgara karane ke lie paMkhavihIna pakSI, senA rahita rAjA aura jalapota para dhana rahita vyApArI- ina upamAnoM kA saTIka prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ina upamAnoM ke mAdhyama se yahAM putra rahita bhRgu purohita kI asahAyadazA kA prakaTIkaraNa huA hai| mAlopamA kA yaha sundara udAharaNa hai| ___ paMkhavihIna pakSI ke upamAna kI tulanA mahAbhArata ke strIparva se kI jA sakatI hai| vyAsajI ne strIparva meM sau putroM ke mAre jAne para dhRtarASTra kI upamA paMkhavihIna jarAjIrNa pakSI se kI hai| jisake paMkha kATa liye gaye hoM usa jarAjIrNa pakSI ke samAna putroM se hIna hue mujhe aba isa jIvana se kyA prayojana hai? 'lUnapakSasya iva me jarAjIrNasya pkssinnH|63 baMdhana meM sukha kahAM? prasaMga usa samaya kA hai jaba bhRgu purohita pracura dhana-dhAnya chor3a putra aura patnI sahita dIkSita ho gyaa| yaha bAta sunakara jaba ISukAra rAjA parityakta dhana lenA cAhatA hai taba kamalAvatI priyatama ko kahatI hai-jaise pakSiNI piMjare meM sukha kA anubhava nahIM karatI, vaise hI maiM isa baMdhana meM sukha nahIM pA rahI hUM_ 'nAhaM rame pakkhiNi paMjare vA' uttara., 14/41 saMyama kI nabja chUte kamalAvatI ke ye svara sarAhanIya haiM / kamalAvatI 164 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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svayaM strIliMga hone se upamAna bhI pakSiNI cunA hai| piMjare meM sabhI sukha prApta pakSiNI bandhana kI anubhUti se vyathita hai| usakA mUla svabhAva hai unmukta gagana meM viharaNa aura vaha use prApta nahIM ho rahA hai| vaise hI mahala meM sAtoM sukhoM kA upabhoga karatI huI kamalAvatI AtmA ke svAbhAvika/mUla guNoM meM ramaNa nahIM karane ke kAraNa mukti kI abhIpsA se vyathita hai| isa azaktatA/ asamarthatA ko prakaTa karane ke lie AgamakAra ne piMjare meM baMda pakSiNI ko upamAna banAyA hai| anAsakta cetanA prasaMga hai mRgA rAnI ke aMgaja damIzvara mRgAputra kaa| saMyama prApta karane kI tIvra abhIpsA lie vividha upAyoM se mAtA-pitA kI anumati prApta kara mamatva kA chedana kara rahA hai| eka-eka kara sAMsArika baMdhanoM ko tor3a rahA iddhiM vittaM ca mitte ya puttadAraM ca naayo| reNuyaM va paDe laggaM nijhuNittANa niggo|| uttara. 19/87 Rddhi, dhana, mitra, putra, kalatra aura jJAtijanoM ko kapar3e para lagI huI dhUli kI bhAMti jhaTakakara vaha nikala gayA, pravrajita ho gyaa| jaise dhUli ko vastra se alaga kara diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra mRgAputra sAMsArika saMbaMdhoM ko alaga kara saMyama meM laga gyaa| isase bheda vijJAna tathA saMyama mArga ke sAdhaka kI apunarAvartanIyatA abhivyaMjita ho rahI hai| morce para hAthI 'saMgAmasIse iva nAgarAyA' uttara. 21/17 saMgrAmazIrSa ko upamAna banAkara kavi kaha rahA hai jaise morce para nAgarAja vyathita nahIM hotA, vaise parISahoM ko prApta kara bhikSu vyathita na bne| yuddhakSetra meM nAgarAja zatrusenA ko dekha na ciMghAr3atA hai, na vahAM se palAyana karatA hai, na kaSTa kA anubhava karatA hai apitu zatruoM se sAmanA kara vijayazrI kA varaNa karatA hai, vaise hI muni parISaha upasthita hone para kaSTa kA anubhava na karate hue samabhAva se sahana kara unase mukAbalA kreN| yahAM hAthI aura muni kI tulyatA stutya hai| nAga sthiratA, prasAda, maryAdA kA pratIka hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 165 ___ 2010_03

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yuddha meM nAga apanI maryAdA chor3a bhAgatA nahIM, vaise hI saMyama svIkAra karane ke bAda parISaha Ane para sAdhu apanI maryAdA nahIM chor3atA / maryAdA kI rakSA binA parAkrama nahIM ho sakatI / prastuta upamAna dvArA yahAM dhairyazIlatA, sthiratA, sahanazIlatA abhivyaMjita huI hai| zIla surakSA 'jahA virAlAvasahassa mUle na mUsagANaM vasahI pasatthA / emeva itthInilayassa majjhe na bambhayArissa khamo nivAso // ' uttara. 32/13 jaise billI kI bastI ke pAsa cUhoM kA rahanA acchA nahIM hotA, usI prakAra striyoM kI bastI ke pAsa brahmacArI kA rahanA acchA nahIM hotaa| isa prasaMga meM biDAla kI upamA strI se tathA cUhe kI upamA brahmacArI se kI gaI hai| isase yaha dyotita hotA hai ki biDAla ke pAsa rahane se cUhoM kI mRtyu nizcita hai, vaise striyoM ke pAsa rahane se brahmacarya rUpI ziroratna kI surakSA saMbhava nahIM hai / 166 isI prakAra bahuzruta sAdhu ko pratipUrNa candramA kI jahA se uDuvaI caMde nakkhattaparivArie / paDipuNe puNNamAsIe evaM havai bahussue | uttara . 11/25 bhogoM ko kiMpAkaphala kI ---------- jahA kimpAgaphalANaM pariNAmo na suNdro| evaM bhuttANa bhogANaM pariNAmo na suMdaro // uttara. 19/17 bhogAsakta ko svAdu phala vAle vRkSa kI dittaM ca kAmA samabhiddavaMti, dumaM jahA sAuphalaM va pakkhI / uttara. 32/10 sAdhuoM meM zreSThatama tathA zruta - auSadhi - sampanna bahuzruta ko maMdara parvata kI upamA dI gaI hai jahA se nagANa pavare sumahaM maMdare girI / nANosahipajjalie evaM havai bahussue | uttara. 11 / 29 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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ye aucityapUrNa upamAna sahaja hI hRdaya ko chUne vAle haiN| inakI kAvyabhASA vibhinna bhAvoM, vicAroM, anubhAvoM Adi ke sAtha saMdarbho kI anugAminI bhI hai| aisI aura bhI aneka upamAeM uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta huI haiN| __AgamakAra ne jina upamAnoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, uttaravartI sAhitya aura janajIvana meM kucha upamAoM kA to vyApaka pracalana aura prayoga huA hai aura kucha upamAeM uttaravartI prayogakartAoM se lagabhaga achUtI sI raha gaI haiN| lekina pracalita aura apracalita donoM hI prakAra kI upamAeM apane Apa meM naI dRSTi, nayA soca, nayA saMdeza lie hue haiM, isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| saMskRta sAhitya meM upamA ke saMdarbha meM kavivarya kAlidAsa ne jo sthAna pAyA hai, yadi AgamoM kA bhI usa dRSTi se adhyayana kiyA jAtA to sacamuca koI naI upalabdhi sAmane A sakatI thii| phira 'upamA kAlidAsasya' kI jagaha zAyada zodhakartA ko "upamA uttarAdhyayanasya' kahane ke lie vivaza honA pdd'taa| * rUpaka alaMkAra rUpaka sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAra hai| svarUpagagata cArUtA va kavi paramparA meM prApta pratiSThA kI dRSTi se upamA ke bAda rUpaka kA hI sthAna hai| bhAmaha ne guNasAmya ke AdhAra para upameya meM upamAna ke Aropa ko rUpaka kahA hai upamAnena yattatvamupameyasya ruupyte| guNAnAM samatAM dRSTvA rUpakaM nAma tdviduH||64 yaha prastuta para aprastuta kA Aropa hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rUpaka alaMkAra ke aneka udAharaNa milate haiN| adhyayana kI suvidhA se uttarAdhyayana meM prApta rUpakoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. choTe-choTe rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se jIvana ke mahattvapUrNa tathya ujAgara krnaa| 2. mAlA-rUpaka ke rUpa meM atyanta vizAla citra jisameM Aropa kI lambI paramparA calatI hai aura maulika udbhAvanAoM ke sAtha adhyAtma ke gUr3ha viSayoM kA saralatA se pratipAdana huA hai| rUpaka alaMkAra ke kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 167 2010_03

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Azraya vRkSa kA, rAjA kA pravrajyA ke lie tatpara nami rAjarSi se brAhmaNa rUpa meM indra prazna karatA Aja mithilA ke prAsAdoM aura gRhoM meM kolAhala se yukta dAruNa zabda kyoM sunAI de rahe haiM? taba rAjarSi ke uttara ko granthakAra rUpaka kI bhASA meM vastu-sthiti kI saccI jhalaka prastuta karate hue kahate haiM- mithilA meM manorama pakSiyoM ke lie sadA upakArI eka caityavRkSa thA / tUphAnI havA ne usa manorama caityavRkSa ko ukhAr3a diyA / ataH usake Azrita pakSI duHkhI, azaraNa aura pIr3ita hokara Akrandana kara rahe haiM. mihilAe ceie vacche, sIyacchAe maNorame / pattapupphaphalovee, bahUNaM bahuguNe sayA || vANa hIramANami, ceiyaMmi maNorame / duhiyA asaraNA attA, ee kandaMti bho khagA // uttara. 9 / 9, 10 yahAM granthakAra ne nami ko caityavRkSa batalAte hue rUpaka bAMdhA hai| pakSiyoM ke upacAra se sUtrakAra batAnA cAhate haiM ki nami rAjarSi ke abhiniSkramaNa ko lakSya kara nami ke sabhI svajana tathA mithilAvAsI Akrandana kara rahe haiM, mAno caityavRkSa ke dharAzAyI ho jAne para pakSigaNa Akrandana kara rahe hoM / vairAgya rUpI mi ko saMsAra se virakta kiyA hai, isalie svajana rUpI pakSI apane svArtha kA bhaMga hote hue dekha vilApa kara rahe haiN| iSTa vastu kA viyoga hI inake rUdana kA kAraNa hai / nami ke abhiniSkramaNa se mithilAvAsiyoM kI manaHsthiti kA citraNa isa rUpaka se ho rahA hai| surakSA kaise ? brAhmaNa ke dvArA nagara-rakSA ke lie koTa, Agala, topa Adi ke nirmANa kI bAta sunakara rakSA kA upAya batAte hue nami ne rUpaka dvArA zakrendra ko samajhAyA 168 ______ sabddhaM nagaraM kiccA, tavasaMvaramaggalaM / khaMti niuNapAgAraM tiguttaM duppadhaMsayaM // uttara. 9/20 samyaktva ke AdhArabhUta tattva zraddhA ko maiMne nagara banAyA hai| zama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA aura Astikya isake pAMca dvAra haiN| kSamA, Arjava Adi daza 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana

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dharma usa nagarI kI rakSA ke lie sudRr3ha kilA hai| anazana, UnodarI Adi bAhya tapa tathA Azrava ko rokane ke lie saMvara usa koTa kI Agala hai| koTa kI rakSA ke lie burja, khAI, aura zataghnI zatruoM se ajeya mana, vacana, kAya, gupti hai| usase karma rUpI zatru zraddhA rUpI nagarI meM praveza nahIM kara skte| yahAM mUrta para amUrttatva kA Aropa huA hai| isa rUpaka meM nagara-rakSA ke upakaraNa parakoTA, burja, khAI, zataghnI Adi ko Atma-rakSA ke upakaraNa zraddhA, tapa, saMyama, kSamA rUpa meM batAkara kavi kI kalpanA-zakti jIvaMta ho uThI hai| prazasta homa vaidika paramparA karmakANDa pradhAna thii| yajJa-yAga Adi kI paramparA pracalita thii| jaina darzana meM bAhya yajJa Adi ke koI upacAra na the| lekina jaba sama-sAmayika bhASA meM jaina darzana kI prastuti kI AvazyakatA samajhI gaI to AdhyAtmika yajJa kI kalpanA kI prastuti karate hue harikezI muni ne kahA 'tavo joi jIvo joiThANaM jogA suyA sarIraM kaarisNgN| kamma ehA saMjamajogasaMtI homaM huNAmI isiNaM pstthN|' uttara. 12/44 __ isa gAthA meM kavi kI kalpanA-rUpaka kI zailI prazaMsanIya hai| muni SaT-jIvanikAya ke rakSaka hote haiN| yajJa Adi kArya kaise kareM ? harikezI muni ahiMsaka homa kI bAta karate hue kahate haiM tapa jyoti hai| jIva jyotisthAna hai| yoga ghI DAlane kI karachiyAM haiN| zarIra agni jalAne ke kaNDe haiN| karma IMdhana hai| saMyama kI pravRtti zAMti-pATha hai| isa prakAra maiM RSi-prazasta homa karatA huuN| yahAM rUpakAtmaka bhASA meM vaidika paramparA ke yajJa kI sAmagrI se yajJa kI bAta na kahakara bhAvayajJa kI sAmagrI se prazasta yajJa kI bAta kaha tapa para jyoti kA Aropa, jIva para jyoti-sthAna Adi kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| tapa rUpI jyoti se hI AtmA karmagranthiyoM kA chedana kara zAzvata sukha kI ora agrasara ho sakatA hai! uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 169 2010_03

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duSkara hai indriya-damana jahA bhuyAhiM tariuM dukkaraM rynnaagro| tahA aNuvasaMteNaM dukkaraM dmsaagro|| uttara. 19/42 jaise samudra ko bhujAoM se tairanA bahuta hI kaThina kArya hai, vaise hI upazamahIna vyakti ke lie damarUpI samudra ko tairanA bahuta hI kaThina kArya hai| sAgara ko pAra pAnA kitanA kaThina hai, utanA hI kaThina hai indriyoM ko apane vaza meM krnaa| isa tathyapUrNa rUpaka se indriyoM ke zamana kI kaThinatA abhivyaMjita ho rahI hai| mitra kauna ? zatru kauna ? ___ mahAnirgranthIya adhyayana meM anAthI muni kA varNana hai| saMyama svIkAra kara jaba ve svayaM ke tathA sabhI prANiyoM ke nAtha bana gaye, usake bAda unhoMne AtmakartRtva kI vyAkhyA kii| rUpaka kI bhASA meM unhoMne kahA appA naI veyaraNI, appA me kuuddsaamlii| appA kAmaduhA gheNU, appA meM naMdaNaM vnnN|| appA kattA vikattA ya duhANa ya suhANa y| appA mittamamittaM ca dupptttthiysupttttio| uttara. 20/36, 37 AtmA hI vaitaraNI nadI hai, AtmA hI kUTa zAlmalI vRkSa hai, AtmA hI kAmadudhA dhenu hai, AtmA hI nandanavana hai, AtmA hI sukha-duHkha kI karane vAlI aura unakA kSaya karane vAlI hai, satpravRtti meM lagI huI AtmA hI mitra hai aura duSpravRtti meM lagI huI AtmA hI zatru hai| ___ AtmA svataMtra hai, sarva zaktimAna hai| apane karmoM kI kartA yA vikartA vaha svayaM hI hai| baMdhana aura mukti kahIM bAhara nahIM, apane hI bhItara hai| jo rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hai, vaha baddha hai aura jo isakI zrRMkhalA ko tor3a Age bar3ha cukA vaha mukta hai , bhItara pratiSThita hokara sukha kA anubhava kara rahA hai| supratiSThita AtmA dvArA bhItara jAkara sukha se baiThe aura ArAma kareM, bAhara aTaka na jaaeN| isalie zatru aura mitra kI bhASA meM AtmA ko pratiSThita karate hue kahA gayA-duSpravRtti meM lagI AtmA vaitaraNI nadI, kUTa zAlmalI vRkSa tathA zatru hai| satpravRtti meM lagI AtmA kAmadhenu, nandanavana aura mitra hai| . yahAM amUrta para mUrttatva kA Aropa huA hai| 170 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ____ 2010_03

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ina rUpakoM ke dvArA granthakAra ne apane kathya kI bhAvAnukUla abhivyakti dekara udAtta jIvana-mUlyoM ke aneka citra khIMce haiM / kavi kI kalpanA, kavi ke vicAra, kavi ke manogata bhAva abhivyakta hue haiM / * dRSTAnta alaMkAra dRSTAnta kA artha hai udAharaNa / dRSTAnta meM kisI eka bAta ko kahakara usakI puSTi ke lie usake sadRza dUsarI bAta kahI jAtI hai| jahAM upameya, upamAna aura unake sAdhAraNa dharmoM meM bimba - pratibimba bhAva ho use dRSTAnta alaMkAra kahate haiN| AcArya mammaTa ne likhA hai 'dRSTAntaH punareteSAM sarveSAM pratibiMbanam / 165 uttarAdhyayanakAra ne apane kathana kI abhivyakti ke lie dRSTAnta alaMkAra prayoga bahulatA se kiyA hai| tiraskAra kA pAtra avinIta ziSya ke svarUpa pratipAdana kA citraNa kutiyA ke dRSTAnta se isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai-- jahA suNI pUikaNNI nikkasijjai savvaso / evaM dussIla paDiNIe muharI nikkasijjaI // uttara. 1/4 kutiyA ke dharma kA manuSya para Aropa karate hue yaha dyotita kiyA hai ki duzzIla ziSya sarvatra tiraskAra kA pAtra hotA hai / pUtiyukta zunI kahIM bhI sthAna prApta nahIM kara sakatI, vaise hI udaNDa kahIM bhI sammAna prApta nahIM karatA / yahAM para avinIta ziSya aura sar3e kAna vAlI kutiyA meM biMba - pratibiMba bhAva hai| cUrNikAra aura vRttikAra ke anusAra 'zunI' zabda kA prayoga atyanta ga evaM kutsA ko vyakta karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai / 66 terApaMtha ke pravartaka AcArya bhikSu ne isa maMtavya ko isa prakAra bhASA dI kuhayA kAnA rI kUtarI tiNarai jharai kIr3A rAdha lohI re / sagale ThAma syUM kAr3he huI huD kare, ghara meM AvaNa na de koI re || dhiga dhiga avinIta AtamA // 67 uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 2010_03 171

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mUladhana kyA ? jahA ya tinni vaNiyA, mUlaM ghettUNa niggyaa| ego'ttha lahaI lAhaM, ego mUleNa aago|| ego mUlaM pi hArittA, Agao tattha vaannio| vavahAre uvamA esA, evaM dhamme viyaannh|| uttara. 7/14, 15 jaise tIna vaNika pUMjI ko lekara nikle| unameM se eka lAbha uThAtA hai, eka mUla lekara lauTatA hai aura eka mUla ko bhI gaMvAkara vApasa AtA hai- yaha vyApAra kI upamA hai| isI prakAra dharma ke viSaya meM jAnanA caahie| . vaNika -putroM ke dRSTAnta se jIvana ke AdhyAtmika pakSa ko ujAgara karate hue kavi kA kahanA hai- kamAne ke lie paradeza gayA huA eka vaNik-putra mUlapUMjI ko bar3hAkara AtA hai, eka kama se kama mUladhana ko to surakSita rakhatA hai aura eka mUla ko bhI dyUta, madya Adi ke sevana meM lagA detA hai| yahAM hamArA mUladhana manuSyatva hai| prathama vaNika kI taraha jo cAritrika guNoM se yukta hotA hai vaha mUladhana ko baDhAkara lAbha rUpa deva gati ko prApta hotA hai| dUsare vaNika kI taraha jo saMsAra meM rahakara bhI saMyama se jIvana yApana karatA hai vaha apane mUladhana kI surakSA karatA hai, marakara punaH manuSyabhava dhAraNa karatA hai| tIsare vaNika kI taraha jo hiMsA Adi meM jIvana vyatIta karatA hai vaha mUla/manuSyatva ko bhI gaMvAkara nimna gatioM meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| uparyukta dRSTAnta se puruSoM kI tIna zreNiyAM dRSTigocara hotI haiM1. uttama 2. madhyama 3. adhama uttama puruSa mUladhana ko surakSita rakhate hue use aura bar3hA detA hai| isa dRSTAnta se uttama puruSa ke samAna hI caritra grAhya hai-yaha abhivyaMjita ho rahA jIvana kI anityatA jIvana kI caMcalatA, asthiratA ke pratipAdana ke lie kuzAgra para sthita osa-bindu kA dRSTAnta kavi-zabdoM meM nirdiSTa hai kusagge jaha osabiMdue thovaM ciTThai lNbmaanne| evaM maNuyANa jIviyaM samayaM goyama ! mA pmaaye| uttara. 10/2 172 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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kuza kI noka para laTakate hue osa-bindu kI avadhi jaise thor3I hotI hai vaise hI manuSya jIvana kI gati hai| isalie he gautama ! tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kr| yahAM osa-bindu aura jIvana meM bimba-pratibimba bhAva hai| jAnAmi dharma ... "jAnAmi dharmaM na ca me pravRttiH, jAnAmyadharma na ca me nivRttiH|" mohakarma vyakti meM mUr3hatA utpanna karatA hai| usase cetanA para AvaraNa A jAne se saccAI jAnate hue bhI vyakti usakA AcaraNa nahIM kara sktaa| jAnate hue bhI manuSya dharma kA AcaraNa kyoM nahIM kara pAte? dRSTAnta ke mAdhyama se kavi kahatA hai-jaise daladala meM phaMsA huA hAthI sthala ko dekhatA huA bhI kinAre para nahIM pahuMca pAtA, vaise hI kAma-guNoM meM Asakta bane hue hama zramaNa dharma ko jAnate hue bhI usakA anusaraNa nahIM kara paate| nAgo jahA paMkajalAvasanno, daLu thalaM nAbhisamei tiirN| eva vayaM kAmaguNesu giddhA, na bhikkhuNo mggmnnuvvyaamo|| uttara. 13/30 hAthI ke dRSTAnta se yahAM karaNIya kAryoM kI pravRtti meM manuSya kI asamarthatA lakSita ho rahI hai| daladala meM phaMsA hAthI asamartha, asahAya hotA hai, sIdhe mArga para jA nahIM sakatA, vaise hI kAmAsakta sanmArga kA anusaraNa nahIM kara paataa| Asakti se uparata sAMsArika sukha-bhogoM ko chor3a saMyama patha para agrasara hote hue putroM ko dekha purohita apanI patnI se kahatA hai--jaise sAMpa apane zarIra kI keMculI ko chor3a mukta bhAva se calatA hai, vaise hI putra bhogoM ko chor3a jA rahe haiM - jahA ya bhoI ! taNuyaM bhuyaMgo, nimmoyaNiM hicca palei mutto| emee jAyA payahati bhoe, te haM kahaM naannugmissmekko|| uttara. 14/34 sarpa ke dRSTAnta se yahAM bhRguputroM kI bhogoM ke prati anAsakta bhAvanA tathA nirapekSatA parilakSita ho rahI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 173 2010_03

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* paryAya alaMkAra jaba eka vastu kI kramazaH aneka sthAnoM meM athavA aneka vastuoM kI kramazaH (kAlabheda se) eka sthAna meM svataH avasthiti ho yA anya dvArA kI jAya to vahAM paryAya alaMkAra hotA hai / uttarAdhyayana meM karttA - dharttA ke rUpa meM AtmA kA varNana paryAya alaMkAra kA nidarzana hai AtmA hI vaitaraNI nadI, kUTazAlmalI vRkSa, kAmadhenu, nandanavana, sukhaduHkha kI karane vAlI, unakA kSaya karane vAlI, mitra tathA zatru hai / 68 yahAM eka hI AtmA kA aneka rUpoM meM varNana hone se paryAya alaMkAra hai / * parikara alaMkAra parikara kA artha hai--- upakaraNa, utkarSaka yA zobhAkAraka padArtha / parikara alaMkAra ke udbhAvaka rudraTa ke anusAra vizeSa abhiprAya se yukta vizeSaNoM se jahAM vastu ko vizeSita kiyA jAe vahAM parikara alaMkAra hotA hai / AcArya mammaTa kA kahanA hai 'vizeSaNairyatsAkUtairuktiH parikarastu saH / 70 aneka sArthaka evaM abhiprAya yukta vizeSaNoM ke dvArA varNanIya padArtha kA paripoSaNa kiyA jAe use parikara kahate haiM / uttarAdhyayana prabhUtamAtrA meM parikara alaMkAra prayukta huA hai| bhUtiprajJa 'atthaM ca dhammaM ca viyANamANA, tubbhe na vi kuppaha bhUipannA? uttara. 12/33 artha aura dharma ko jAnane vAle bhUtiprajJa Apa kopa nahIM krte| yahAM harikezI muni ke lie guNaniSpanna 'bhUipannA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gyaa| cUrNikAra ne bhUti kA artha maMgala, vRddhi aura rakSA kiyA hai tathA prajJA kA artha kiyA hai- - vaha buddhi jisase pahale hI jAna liyA jAtA hai / jisakI buddhi sarvottama maMgala, sarvazreSTha vRddhi yA sarvabhUta- hitAya pravRtta ho, vaha bhUtiprajJa kahalAtA hai / 71 174 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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harikezI muni sabhI jIvoM ke maMgala kalyANa meM rata the| unhoMne tyAga, tapasyA, dvArA vizva kalyANa ke lie saMyama ko saMvardhita kiyA / isalie 'bhUipannA' sArthaka vizeSaNa prayukta kiyA gayA / isI prakAra unheM khyAti / yaza ke lie 'mahAjaso, acintya zaktisampannatA ke lie 'mahANubhAgo', durdhara mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa 'ghoravvao' kaSAyoM ko jItane kA pracura sAmarthya hone ke kAraNa 'ghoraparakkamo', yogajanya vibhUti ke kAraNa 'AsIviso', ugra tapasyA karane ke kAraNa 'uggatavo' Adi vizeSaNoM se vizeSita kiyA gayA / ye sabhI vizeSaNa sAbhiprAya hone se yahAM parikara alaMkAra hai / mRgAputrIya adhyayana meM mRgAputra ke lie balabhadra rAjA kA jyeSTha putra hone ke kAraNa 'juvarAyA', bhaviSya meM upazamazIla vyaktiyoM kA Izvara hone ke kAraNa 'damIsare', rAjasika sukhoM kA svAmI hone se 'sakumAlo', svaccha rahane ke kAraNa 'sumajjio' Adi vizeSa abhiprAya yukta vizeSaNoM kA prayoga prApta hai| isI adhyayana meM saMyata zramaNa ke lie mahAvratI hone se 'tavaniyamasaMjamadharaM', zIla- samRddhatA kI dRSTi se 'sIlaDDha' tathA aneka kAraNa 'guNaAgaraM' zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dhArako * kAvyaliMga alaMkAra jaba vAkyArtha yA padArtha kisI kathana kA kAraNa ho to kAvyaliMga alaMkAra hotA hai| AcArya mammaTa ne likhA hai- 'kAvyaliMgaM hetorvAkyapadArthatA 72 jahAM para kAraNa evaM kArya ho vahAM kAvyaliMga hotA hai / uttarAdhyayana meM kAvyaliMga ke anake udAharaNa milate haiN| zArIrika kAMti se daidIpyamAna 'mahajjuI paMcavAI pAliyA' uttara. 1/47 vinIta ziSya pAMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana kara mahAna tejasvI ho jAtA hai| yahAM pAMca mahAvratoM kA akhaNDa pAlana kAraNa hai, jisase ziSya tejasvitA ko prApta hotA hai| isalie yahAM kAvyaliMga alaMkAra hai / uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 2010_03 175

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jaisI karaNI vaisI bharaNI ___ manuSya krodha se adhogati meM jAtA hai| mAna se adhama gati hotI hai| mAyA se sugati kA vinAza hotA hai| lobha se donoM prakAra kA aihika aura pAralaukika bhaya hotA hai ahe vayai koheNaM mANeNaM ahamA gii| mAyA gaIpaDigghAo lobhAo duhao bhayaM // uttara. 9/54 yahAM krodha se narakagati, mAna se adhama gati, mAyA se sugati kA vinAza/durgati kI prApti, lobha se bhaya kI prApti ke pariNAmoM kA pratipAdana sakAraNa hone se kAvyaliMga alaMkAra hai| loka-pracalita kathana-lobhI vyakti nirantara bhayabhIta rahatA hai--isa vyAvahArika tathya kA bhI yahA udghATana huA hai| akAla meM vinAza 'rUvesu jo giddhimuvei tivvaM akAliyaM pAvai se viNAsaM' uttara. 32/24 jo manojJa rUpoM meM tIvra Asakti karatA hai, vaha akAla meM hI vinAza ko prApta hotA hai| yahAM tIvra Asakti kAraNa hai tathA akAla meM mRtyu kArya hai| pUrvajanma kI smRti kaise kareM? 'uvasaMtamohaNijjo saraI porANiyaM jAI' uttara. 9/1 nami kA moha upazAnta thA jisase use pUrvajanma kI smRti huii| yahAM pUrvajanma kI smRti rUpa kArya kA, upazAMta moha kAraNa hone se kAvyaliMga alaMkAra hai| * udAtta alaMkAra jahAM aizvarya, vibhUti, samRddhi kA varNana ho vahAM udAtta alaMkAra hotA hai| sampannatA, mahanIyatA, utkarSa ke nirUpaNa meM isakA prayoga zreSTha samajhA jAtA hai| yaha aizvarya aura audArya kA bhI bodhaka hai| Atmika aizvarya aho ! te nijjio koho, aho ! te mANo praajio| aho ! te nirakkiyA mAyA, aho! te lobho vsiiko| uttara. 9/56 176 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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he rAjarSi ! Azcarya hai tumane krodha ko jItA hai| Azcarya hai tumane mAna ko parAjita kiyA hai| Azcarya hai tumane mAyA ko dUra kiyA hai| Azcarya hai tumane lobha ko vaza meM kiyA hai| yahAM devendra dvArA nami kI stuti karate samaya rAjarSi kA utkRSTa caritra tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha rUpa kaSAya catuSka ko apane adhIna karane se nami kA Atmika aizvarya sAmane AtA hai| saMyamI ke paga-paga nidhAna mahAnirgranthIya adhyayana meM anAthI muni kI zArIrika saMpadA ke varNana ke samaya udAtta alaMkAra darzanIya hai-- aho ! vaNNo aho ! rUvaM, aho ! ajjassa somyaa| aho ! khaMtI aho ! muttI, aho ! bhoge asNgyaa| uttara. 20/6 Azcarya ! kaisA varNa aura kaisA rUpa hai, Arya kI kaisI saumyatA hai, kaisI kSamA aura nirlobhatA hai, bhogoM meM kaisI anAsakti hai| uparyukta gAthA meM zArIrika evaM sAdhanAgata utkRSTatA abhivyaMjita hai| * arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra sAmAnya kA vizeSa ke sAtha athavA vizeSa kA sAmAnya ke sAtha samarthana karanA arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra hai| isake puraskartA AcArya bhAmaha haiN| bAda meM lagabhaga sabhI AcAryoM ne isakA nirUpaNa kiyaa| uttarAdhyayana meM arthAntaranyAsaicchA u AgAsasamA aNantiyA suvaNNaruppassa u pavvayA bhave, siyA hu kelAsasamA asNkhyaa|, narassa luddhassa na tehiM kiMci, icchA u AgAsasamA annNtiyaa|| uttara. 9/48 kadAcit sone aura cAMdI ke kailAza ke samAna asaMkhya parvata ho jAeM, to bhI lobhI puruSa ko unase kucha bhI nahIM hotA, kyoMki icchA AkAza ke samAna ananta hai| apAra saMpatti kA svAmI ho jAne para bhI lobhI manuSya kI tRSNA jIrNa nahIM hotI hai| bhartRhari ke zabdoM meM 'tRSNA na jIrNA vayameva jIrNAH / ' hama svayaM uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 177 ___ 2010_03 For Private &Personal Use Only

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jIrNa ho jAte haiM phira bhI dhana tRpti kA anubhava nahIM karA sktaa| kyoMki icchAeM draupadI ke cIra kI taraha bar3hatI hI jAtI haiM, unakA koI aMta nahIM hai| yahAM prathama tIna pAdoM meM prastuta sAmAnya bAta mAnavIya svabhAva kI durbalatA kA vizeSa-icchA u AgAsasamA aNantiyA-se samarthana hone se arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra hai| zAMta-rasa kA pUrNa paripAka bhI yahAM darzanIya hai| karmaphala kI anivAryatA pasubaMdhA savvaveyA jaTuM ca paavkmmunnaa| na taM tAyaMti dussIlaM, kammANi balavaMti h|| uttara. 25/28 jinake zikSA-pada pazuoM ko bali ke lie yajJastUpoM se bAMdhe jAne ke hetu banate haiM, ve saba veda aura pazu-bali Adi pApa karma ke dvArA kiye jAne vAle yajJa duHzIla sampanna usa yaza-kartA ko trANa nahIM dete, kyoMki karma balavAna hote haiN| __ pApakarma se bandhana hotA hai, mukti kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| hiMsA sampRkta karmoM se kabhI bhI mukti nahIM mila sakatI kyoMki karma-bhoga anivArya hai, isI tathya kA pratipAdana 'kammANi balavaMti ha' isa aMtima caraNa ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| * ullekha alaMkAra jJAtA yA viSaya bheda se eka vastu kA aneka prakAra se varNana ullekha alaMkAra hai| jarAmaraNavegeNaM vujjhamANANa paanninnN| dhammo dIvo paiTThA ya gaI saraNamuttamaM / uttara. 23/68 jarA aura mRtyu ke vega se bahate hue prANiyoM ke lie dharma dvIpa, pratiSThA, gati aura uttama zaraNa hai| prastuta gAthA meM dharma ke sAbhiprAya cAra vizeSaNa prayukta kie ge| dharma dvIpa hai| dvIpa rakSA kA dyotaka hai| zruta dharma tathA cAritra dharma dvArA saMsAra cakra meM bhaTake prANiyoM kI saMsAra-samudra se rakSA hotI hai, isalie dharma dvIpa hai| indriya-viSayoM meM Asakta, vizrRMkhalita logoM ko dharma pratiSThita karatA hai, unakI caMcalatA kI nivRtti karatA hai, ataH dharma pratiSThA hai| dharma mokSa kA hetu hone se, mokSa kI ora le jAne ke kAraNa gati hai| 'za 178 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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hiMsAyAm dhAtu se lyuT pratyaya karane para zaraNa zabda niSpanna hotA hai| zR dhAtu hiMsA, chedana-bhedana ke artha meM prayukta hai| dharma karmoM kA chedana-bhedana kara duSkRtyoM se vyakti kI rakSA karane ke kAraNa uttama zaraNa hai| isa prakAra dharma kA aneka prakAra se kathana hone se yahAM ullekha alaMkAra hai| * svabhAvokti alaMkAra padArtha kI jAti, guNa, kriyA, yA svarUpa kA tadvat varNana svabhAvokti alaMkAra hai| isameM jAtigata yA svabhAvagata vizeSatA kA vAstavika evaM camatkArapUrNa varNana hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM jagaha-jagaha para svabhAvokti alaMkAra kA prayoga huA hai| ghorA muhuttA 4/6 kAla bar3A ghora/krUra hotA hai| ghorA muhuttA se kavi ne saMketa kiyA hai ki manuSya kI Ayu alpa hai| mRtyu kA kAla aniyamita hotA hai| 'ghorA muhattA' yaha svabhAvokti alaMkAra manuSya kI cetanA ko yaha socane ke lie udvelita karatA hai ki Ane vAlI subaha usake lie jIvana kA saMdeza lAyegI yA maraNa kA? patA nahIM mRtyu kaba A jAe aura prANI ko uThAkara le jaae| 26 janavarI, 2001 meM gujarAta ne bhUkampa se utpanna tabAhI va pralaya ke dRzya se 'muhUrtta ghora hai' isa duHkhada yathArtha ko bhogA hai tathA samUcI mAnavajAti ne dekhA va sunA hai| aNicce jIvalogammi kiM hiMsAe pasijjasi? uttara. 18/11 isa anitya jIvaloka meM tU kyoM hiMsA meM Asakta ho rahA hai? rAjA saMjaya hiraNoM ko vyathita kara rahA thaa| mare hue hiraNoM ke sthAna meM hI dhyAna meM lIna anagAra ko dekha rAjA bhayabhIta ho gyaa| apane duSkRtya ke lie anagAra se kSamA maaNgii| anagAra ne kahA-pArthiva! maiM tujhe abhayadAna detA huuN| tU bhI abhayadAtA bn| tU svayaM parAdhIna hai| hiMsA kara pApa-karmoM kA upArjana kyoM kara rahA hai| saMsAra anitya hai| isa saMsAra meM ahiMsA ke AdhArabhUta tattva abhaya aura anityatA kA bodha ye do hI haiN| isa svabhAvokti se kavi preraNA de rahA hai uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 179 2010_03

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1. prANiyoM ke prANoM kA haraNa nahIM karake abhayadAtA bno| 2. anityatA kI vismRti hI manuSya ko hiMsA kI ora le jAtI hai| isalie nirantara smRti banI rahe--saMsAra anitya hai| uparyukta prasaMga meM ahiMsA svAbhAvika dharma hai aura hiMsA asvIkArya dharma hai, isa tathya ke sAtha sAdhu jIvana kI sahajatA bhI abhivyaMjita hai| 'vaMtAsI puriso rAyaM na so hoi pasaMsio' uttara.14/38 rAjana! vamana khAne vAle puruSa kI prazaMsA nahIM hotii| bhRgu purohita ke pravrajita hone ke bAda unakI saMpatti para rAjA adhikAra karanA cAhatA hai taba kamalAvatI kA yaha svAbhAvika kathana rAjA ko AtmavidyA kI ora agrasara karatA hai| * anuprAsa zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| 'anuprAsaH zabdasAmyaM vaiSamye'pi svarasya yat73 svara kI viSamatA hone para bhI jo zabdasAmya hotA hai, vaha anuprAsa alaMkAra hai| samAna dhvaniyoM, akSaroM yA varNoM kI punarAvRtti anuprAsa hai| uccAraNa kA sAdRzya vidhAna, bhASA meM laya aura sAmya anuprAsa kA mUla hai| isameM svaroM ke samAna na hone para bhI vyaMjanoM kI samAnatA kAmya hai|74 nAda-saundarya va zruti madhuratA hI isakA prANa hai| kuzala granthakAra ke grantha meM yaha zabda-saundarya anAyAsa hI milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM aneka sthaloM para anuprAsa kI ramaNIyatA vidyamAna haiN| isake aneka bheda haiN| vRttyanuprAsa eka yA aneka vyaMjanoM kI eka yA aneka bAra sAntara yA nirantara AvRtti ko vRttyanuprAsa kahate haiM--- anekasyaikadhA saamymskRdvaassynekdhaa| ekasya sakRdapyeSa vRttyanuprAsa ucyte||75 uttarAdhyayana ke aneka prasaMgoM meM vRttyanuprAsa kI ramaNIyatA vidyamAna kAleNa nikkhame bhikkhU kAleNa ya pddikkme| akAlaM ca vivajjittA kAle kAlaM smaayre|| uttara. 1/31 180 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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yahAM 'kAleNa' tathA 'kAlaM' kI eka bAra sAntara AvRtti huI hai / sukaDe ti supakke tti suchinne suhaDe maDe / suTThie sulaTThetti sAvajjaM vajjae muNI // uttara. 1/36 isa gAthA meM su, e, tti vyaMjanoM kA aneka bAra antara sahita prayoga hai / huA amANusAsu joNIsu viNihammanti pANiNo // uttara. 3/6 yahAM Na, sa Adi varNoM kI aneka bAra sAntara AvRtti huI hai / santi me yaduve ThANA akkhAyA mAraNantiyA / akAmamaraNaM ceva sakAmamaraNaM tahA // uttara. 5/2 ma, ra, Na Adi varNoM kI bAra-bAra saMyojanA huI hai / tANi ThANANi gacchanti // uttara. 5 / 28 Na kI yahAM vyavadhAna yukta saMyojanA huI hai| evaM se udAhu aNuttaranANI / aNuttaradaMsI aNuttaraNANadaMsaNadhare / uttara. 6 / 27 yahAM aNuttara zabda kI anekazaH sAntara AvRtti huI hai / tiNNo hu si aNNavaM mahaM ki puNa ciTThasi tIramAgao / abhiturapAraM gamitta samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae / uttara. 10/34 yahAM NNa, ra, ma, ya, e Adi varNoM kA prabaMdhana vyavadhAnapUrvaka huA hai| nAsIle na visIle na siyA ailolue| akohaNe saccarae sikkhAsIle tti vuccaI // uttara. 11/5 sa, la kI vyavadhAnapUrNa punarAvRtti draSTaSya hai| jjhamANaM na bujjhAmo / uttara. 14/43 yahAM jjha kI eka bAra sAntara AvRtti huI hai / chekAnuprAsa saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjana samUha kI eka bAra sAntara yA nirantara AvRtti ko chekAnuprAsa kahate haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 2010_03 181

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(ka)cheko vyaMjanasaGghasya skRtsaamymnekghaa|6 (kha)anekasya, arthAt vyaMjanasya sakRdekavAraM sAdRzyaM chekaanupraasH|77 kuntaka ne ise nimna bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai1. saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjanayugala kI eka bAra sAntara AvRtti / 2. saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjanasamUha kI eka bAra sAntara aavRtti| 3. saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjanayugala kI eka bAra nirantara aavRtti| 4. saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjanasamUha kI eka bAra nirantara aavRtti| na kovae AyariyaM appANaM pi na kove| buddhovaghAI na siyA na siyA tottgvese|| uttara. 1/40 yahAM 'kovae' asaMyukta vyaMjana samUha kI eka bAra antara sahita AvRtti tathA 'na siyA' asaMyukta vyaMjana yugala kI eka bAra nirantara AvRtti huI hai| 'mAse mAse gavaMdae' uttara. 9/40 isameM asaMyukta vyaMjanayugala 'mAse' kA eka bAra nirantara Avartana huA hai| 'jamma dukkhaM jarA dukkhaM' uttara. 19/15 isa caraNa meM 'dukkhaM' kA eka bAra vyavadhAnarahita prayoga huA hai| na tumaM jANe aNAhassa atthaM potthaM va ptthiyaa| jahA aNAho bhavaI saNAho vA narAhivA // uttara. 20/16 yahAM 'tthaM' kA eka bAra sAntara prayoga tathA 'NAho' kA bhI eka bAra vyavadhAna yukta prayoga draSTavya hai| antyAnuprAsa pUrvapada yA pAda ke anta meM jaisA anusvAra-visarga svarayukta saMyukta yA asaMyukta vyaMjana AtA hai usakI uttara pada yA pAda ke anta meM AvRtti antyAnuprAsa kahalAtI hai| isase kAvya meM layAtmakatAjanya zrutimAdhurya utpanna hotA hai| yathA 'Alavante lavante vA' uttara. 1/21 'mahAvIreNaM kAsaveNaM' uttara. 2/1 'soccA naccA jiccA' uttara. 2/2 182 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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egayA devaloesu naraesu vi egyaa| egayA AsuraM kAyaM AhAkammehiM gcchii| uttara. 3/3 na imaM savvesu bhikkhUsu, na imaM svvesu'gaarisu| uttara. 5/19 maNagutto vayagutto kAyagutto jiiNdio| uttara. 12/3 khaNamettasokkhA bahukAladukkhA pagAmadukkhA annigaamsokkhaa| uttara. 14/13 caMpAe pAlie nAma sAvae Asi vaannie| uttara. 21/1 'aNNavaMsi mahohaMsi' uttara. 23/70 ina udAharaNoM meM padAnta anuprAsa hai| zleSa alaMkAra zleSa zabda zliS dhAtu se niSpanna hai, jisakA artha hai cipakanA yA sttnaa| vizvanAtha ne zleSa kI paribhASA karate hue kahA-'zliSTaH padairanekArthAbhidhAne zleSa iSyate 78 zliSTa zabdoM ke dvArA aneka artha ke abhidhAna yA kathana ko zleSa kahate haiN| yathAzruta-mahimA jahA suI sasuttA paDiyA vina vinnssi| tahA jIve sasutte saMsAre na vinnssi|| uttara. 29/60 jisa prakAra dhAge sahita (sasUtra) sUI girane para guma nahIM hotI, AsAnI se mila jAtI hai, usI prakAra sasUtra jIva saMsAra meM rahane para bhI vinaSTa nahIM hotaa| yahAM eka sasUtra kA artha dhAgA sahita tathA dUsare sasUtra kA artha sUtra sahita hai| eka zabda bhinna artha meM prayukta hone se zleSa alaMkAra hai| isa gAthA se zruta-mahimA prakaTa ho rahI hai| nirapekSatA kA bodha sannihiM ca na kuvvejjA levamAyAe sNje| pakkhI pattaM samAdAya niravekkho parivvae // uttara. 6/15 saMyamI muni pAtragata lepa ko chor3akara anya kisI prakAra ke AhAra kA saMgraha na kre| pakSI apane paMkhoM ko sAtha lie ur3a jAtA hai vaise hI muni apane pAtroM ko sAtha le, nirapekSa ho, parivrajana kre| yahAM patta zabda patra (paMkha) aura bhikSApAtra donoM ke lie prayukta hone se isameM zleSa alaMkAra hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 183 2010_03

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isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta alaMkAroM ke anuzIlana se lagatA hai kavi kI kAvya-pratibhA ne prasaMga ke anukUla aneka alaMkAroM kA viniyojana kiyA hai| isa grantha meM ye alaMkAra svataH sphUrta bhASA ke aMga banakara Ae haiM tathA bhASA ko kAvyAtmaka rUpa dene meM adbhuta yogadAna diyA hai| sAtha hI tathya kI abhivyakti, sahajabodha evaM bimba-nirmANa meM bhI sahAyaka ke rUpa meM alaMkAroM kA upayoga huA hai| sandarbha : 1. ApTe DikzanarI, pR.849 2. taitirIya upaniSad, 2.7 pR. 173 nATyazAstra, 6/16 4. nATya-zAstra, pR.71 sAhitya- darpaNa, 3/174 6. sAhitya-darpaNa, 3/175 7. sAhitya-darpaNa, 3/28 pR.95 8. rasataraMgiNI, dvitIya taraMga 9. rasataraMgiNI, dvitIya taraMga 10. dazarUpaka, 4/3 11. kAvyaprakAza, 4/31-34 12. saMgIta sudhAkara, adhyAya 4 13. 'rasyate AsvAdyate iti rasa:' / sthAnAMga TIkA patra, 23 14. anuyogadvArasUtram, pR. 321, 323 15. aNuogadArAiMpR. 193 16. sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa, 5/1-3 17. nATyazAstra, 6/50 18. dazarUpaka, 4/81 19. sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa, 576 20. nATyazAstra, pR.75 21. nATyazAstra, pR. 76 22. aNuogadArAI, pR. 194 23. nATyazAstra, pR77 184 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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24. aNuogadArAI, 193 25. aNuogadArAI, pR. 193 26. 'dasaveAliyaM, 8/38) 27. aNuogadArAI, 194 28. athAdbhuto nAma vismaya-sthAyIbhAvAtmakaH' nATyazAstra, pR. 78 29. aNuogadArAiM, pR. 195 30. chaMda kaumudI, upodghAta pR. 3 31. Rgveda, 1/92.6,8/7/36 32. nighaNTu, 3/16 33. aSTAdhyAyI, 7/1/8, 10,26, 38 34. pANinIya zikSA, 4 35. cANakyanItidarpaNa, 33 36. amarakoSa, 3/3/232 37. chaMdakaumudI, upodghAta pR. 4 38. chando-mandAkinI, zloka 1 39. chandomaMjarI, 1/8 40. prAkRtapaiMgalam, 1/33 41. prAkRtapaiMgalam 1/34 42. prAkRtapaiMgalam, 1/35 43. saMskRta dhAtukoSa, pR. 35, 38 44. vAGmayArNava, 1885 45. zrutabodha, 4 46. prAkRtapaiMgalam 1/54 47. uttarAdhyayana eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pR. 463 48. nirukta, 7/12 49. chandomaMjarI, pR. 151 50. chandazAstra, 6/17 51. chandazAstra, 6.15 52. vRttaratnAkara, 3/30 53. chandazAstra,6/28 54. prAkRtapaigalam, 1/5 55. dhvanyAloka, 2/6 a uttarAdhyayana meM rasa, chaMda evaM alaMkAra 185 2010_03

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56. kAvyaprakAza,8/67 57. kAvyamImAMsA, tRtIya adhyAya pR. 7 58. rItikAlIna alaMkAra sAhitya kA zAstrIya vivecana, pR. 472 59. kAvyaprakAza, 10/87 60. citramImAMsA, pR. 6 (uddhRta bhAratIya sAhitya zAstra koza) 61. aNuogadArAI, sUtra 569 62. AcArAMga vRtti, 4/16 63. mahAbhArata, strI parva pR. 1/11 64. kAvyAlaMkAra, 2/21 65. kAvyaprakAza, 10/102 66. (ka) uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, patra 27 (kha) bRhadvRtti, patra 45 67. vinIta avinIta kI caupaI, dAla 2/1 68. uttara. 20/36, 37 69. kAvyAlaMkAra, 7/72 70. kAvyaprakAza, 10/118 71. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR. 210 72. kAvyaprakAza, 10/114 73. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/3 74. kAvyaprakAza, 9.79/ 'svaravaisAdRzyepi vyaJjana-sadRzatvaM varNasAmyam' 75. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/4 76. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/3 77. kAvyaprakAza 9/79 pR. 144 78. sAhitya darpaNa, 10/11 186 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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5. uttarAdhyayana meM caritra sthApatya uttarAdhyayana meM caritra sthApatya apane vicAroM evaM siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana ke lie racanAkAra caritracitraNa kA avalaMbana letA hai| manuSya kI bAhya AkRti va sAja-sajjA se patA calatA hai ki vyakti garIba yA amIra hai, kintu usake manobhAvoM kI jAnakArI usake caritra se hotI hai| caritra ke sambandha meM arastU kA abhimata hai ki 'cAritrya' use kahate haiM, jo kisI vyakti kI ruci-viruci kA pradarzana karatA huA naitika prayojana ko vyakta kre| isase spaSTa hai ki caritra hI pAtroM kI bhadratA-abhadratA kA dyotana karatA hai| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne likhA hai ki 'zIla hRdaya kI vaha sthAyI sthiti hai , jo sadAcAra kI preraNA Apase Apa karatI hai| caritra citraNa ke dvArA mAnavIya vicAra, bhAvanA, uddezya, prayojana Adi kA sUkSma Akalana saMbhava hotA hai| caritra saMsthApana ke lie tIna bAtoM para dhyAna Avazyaka hai - 1. pAtra kI svayaM kI ukti kyA hai ? 2. anya pAtra usake bAre meM kyA kahate haiM ? 3. lekhaka kA pAtra ke viSaya meM kyA maMtavya hai ? uttarAdhyayanakAra ke caritra-citraNa meM caritra-sthApatya kA utkarSa najara AtA hai| Adarza aura yathArthavAdI caritra ubharakara sAmane Ae haiN| yathArthatA va kalA ke saMyoga se pAtra mahattvapUrNa bana gae haiN| caritra -upasthApana kA vaiziSTya 1. kathya kI vizada abhivyakti ke lie 2. bimbAtmakatA 3. sazakta sampreSaNIyatA uttarAdhyayana meM caritra sthApatya 187 2010_03

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4. Arhata- jIvana darzana kA samudghATana 5. dharma-darzana ke tathyoM kA saMvAda- zailI meM prastAvana 6. kAntAsammita upadeza 7. durbalatAeM pAtroM para hAvI nahIM haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke caritra inhIM vizeSatAoM ko ujAgara karane vAle haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta mukhya pAtroM ko do vargoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM 1. mAnavIya pAtra 2. mAnavetara pAtra mAnavIya pAtra adhyayana kI suvidhA ke lie isa varga ko bhI aneka vargoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM. tIrthaMkara parama arhatA sampanna, arhata, tIrtha ke pravartaka tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiM / uttarAdhyayana meM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi (adhyayana 22) tathA mahAvIra (adhyayana 23) kA ullekha upalabdha hai / cakravartI - chaha khaMDa ke adhipati cakravartI kahalAte haiN| cakravartI ke rUpa meM yahAM brahmadatta (adhyayana 13 ) kA citraNa hai / mahAvratI 188 ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pAMco mahAvratoM kA pAlana karane vAle mahAvratI kahalAte haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM harikezI ( adhyayana 12), ibhya putra - citra kA jIva (adhyayana 13), anAthI muni Adi saMyamI vyaktiyoM kA vivecana hai / nami rAjarSi (adhyayana 9 ), mahArAja iSukAra va rAnI kamalAvatI ( adhyayana 14), bhRgu purohita, patnI yazA va purohita putra ( adhyayana 14), rAjA saMjaya (adhyayana 18), mRgAputra ( adhyayana 19) ariSTanemi, rAjImatI aura rathanemi (adhyayana 22) Adi bhI mahAvrata svIkAra karate haiN| ye sabhI pAtra Atma- unnati karate hue anuttara gati ko prApta hote haiM / uttarAdhyayana kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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rAjanya varga ke pAtra rAjarSi nami, iSukAra, kamalAvatI, rAjA saMjaya, balabhadra, mRgArAnI va mRgAputra, zreNika (adhyayana 20), ariSTanemi, rAjImatI va rathanemi Adi rAjanya varga ke pAtroM kA isameM varNana hai| brAhmaNa varga ke pAtra somadeva brAhmaNa va patnI bhadrA (adhyayana 12), bhRgu purohita, patnI yazA va purohita putra Adi brAhmaNa varga ke pAtroM kA bhI vizeSa rUpa se ullekha hai| mAnavetara pAtra indra (adhyayana 9), yakSa (adhyayana 12), deva (adhyayana 12) yahAM kucha pAtroM kA vistRta caritra-citraNa abhidheya hai - 1. nami rAjarSi evaM indra pAtroM ke caritra vikAsa meM paristhitiyoM kA bhI prabhAva par3atA hai| 'jahAM dvandva hai vahAM du:kha hai, akelepana meM sukha hai' isa virakta bhAva se prabuddha rAjA nami pravajita hone kA dRr3ha saMkalpa karatA hai| nami ko pravrajita hote dekha indra brAhmaNa veza meM nami ko karttavya-bodha detA hai aura rAjA adhyAtma kI gaharI bAta batAtA hai| yahAM vArtAlApa ke mAdhyama se manaHsthiti ko prastuta karane kI kalA kA vaiziSTya saMvAda-yojanA dvArA prakaTa huA hai| sAdhanA kI bhUmikA hai - ekatva kI sAdhanA, jahAM kevala AtmA hI zeSa rahatI hai| indra kahatA haiesa aggI ya vAUya eyaM Dajjhai mNdirN| bhayavaM! aMteuraM teNaM kIsa NaM nAvapekkhasi // (9/12) yaha agni hai aura yaha vAyu hai| rAjana ! ApakA yaha mandira jala rahA hai, Apa apane ranivAsa kI ora kyoM nahIM dekhate ? pratyuttara meM rAjA indra ko ekatva kA bodha detA hai - mihilAe DajjhamANIe na me Dajjhai kiNcnn|| uttara. 9/14 uttarAdhyayana meM caritra sthApatya 189 ___ 2010_03

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mithilA jala rahI hai usameM merA kucha bhI nahIM jala rahA hai| bhikSu ke lie priya-apriya kucha nahIM hotA hai| putra, strI Adi sabhI bandhanoM se mukta 'maiM akelA hUM, merA koI nhiiN|' rAjarSi kA yaha cintana ekatva kI utkRSTa sAdhanA kA sUcaka hai, vairAgyamaya jIvana kA dyotaka hai| isI prakAra kA prasaMga mahAjanaka jAtaka meM bhI milatA hai'mithilAya DayamAnAya na me kiMcI ar3ayahatha'3 bhAvoM kI dRSTi se donoM meM samAnatA hai| devendra anukUla prAsAda Adi kA nirmANa karavAkara phira niSkramaNa kI bAta nami se karatA hai pAsAe kAraittANaM vaddhamANagihANi y| bAlaggapoiyAo ya tao gacchasi khttiyaa||(uttr. 9/24) indra dvArA vardhamAna gRha Adi ke nirmANa kI bAta suna hetu aura kAraNa se prerita hokara nami kahatA hai- saMzaya se Akula mana hI mArga meM ghara banAne kA ciMtana karatA hai| prajJAzIla to vahAM pahuMcanA cAhatA hai jahAM usakA zAzvata ghara hai| mujhe apane ghara meM jAne ke sAdhana samyag-darzana Adi prApta ho cuke haiM phira kyoM nahIM maiM apanA zAzvata ghara banAUM ? saMsayaM khalu so kuNaI, jo magge kuNaI ghrN| jattheva gaMtumicchejjA, tattha kuvvejja sAsayaM // uttara. 9/26 jaba anya rAjAoM ko vaza meM karane kI bAta indra karatA hai taba nami dUsaroM se yuddha karane kI apekSA, dUsaroM ko apane vaza meM karane kI apekSA apane Apako vaza meM karanA, apanI AtmA se yuddha karanA jyAdA pasaMda karate haiN| nami kI dRSTi hai- bAharI yuddha se tujhe kyA? AtmavijetA hI mahAna vijayI hai 'egaM jiNejja appANaM esa se paramo jo| uttara. 9/34 bar3e bar3e yajJa, zramaNa - brAhmaNoM ko bhojana, dAna Adi karake abhiniSkrAnti kI bAta nami ke hRdaya meM saMyama kI bAta ko adhika udvelita karatI hai| sAvadha kArya prANiyoM ke lie hitakara nahIM hotaa| saMyama samatA kA rAjamArga hai| dasa lAkha gAyoM kA dAna dene vAle ke lie bhI saMyama hI zreyaskara hai| dAna se saMyama zreSTha hai - isa bhAvanA kA spaSTa nirdeza nami ke saMyamI jIvana se milatA hai| 190 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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jaba indra nami ko kozAgAra kA saMvardhana kara phira dIkSita hone ke lie kahate haiM 'kosaM vaDDAvaittANaM tao gacchasi khttiaa|' (9/46) taba saMtoSa ke saMvardhana rUpa Atmadharma kI bAta rAjA ke anAsakta vyaktitva kA paricaya karAtI hai| rAjA kahatA hai 'icchA u AgAsasamA aNantiyA' (9/48) icchA AkAza ke samAna anaMta hai| saMtoSa tyAga meM hai, bhoga meM nhiiN| lobhI purUSa ko bahuta dhana se bhI kucha nahIM hotaa| hamArI AvazyakatAeM to sImita haiM kintu AkAkSAe vistRta haiN| isalie dhana-dhAnya se paripUrNa pRthvI bhI yadi kisI ko mila jAe, to bhI usase usako paritoSa nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra rAjA kA anAsakta citta kisI bhI prakAra ke sAMsArika pralobhanoM meM nahIM phaMsatA hai, nirlepatA kA paricaya detA hai| sAMsArika jIvana kA tyAga karane meM tatpara nami kI indra svayaM parIkSA karatA hai| para ve saMyama meM avicala bhAva se rhe| unake kaSAyoM kI upazAMtatA ko dekha indra ko bhI kahanA par3A ki tumane krodha ko jItA hai, mAna ko parAjita kiyA hai aura lobha ko vaza meM kiyA hai| ApakI kSamAzIlatA, ni:saMgatA Azcaryakara hai| nami apanI AtmA ko saMyama ke prati samarpita kara detA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki sAdhaka ke vividha guNa nami ke vyaktitva meM samAhita haiM, jo unheM Adarza sAdhaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiN| isa prakAra 'nami pavvajjA' adhyayana meM nami ko sAMsArika AkarSaNoM meM lubhAne ke prayAsa meM parIkSaka kI dRSTi se daivika pAtra indra kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| indra nijI saMpatti, svajana tathA dezarakSA ke lie, aparAdhI vyaktiyoM kA nigraha, rAjAoM para vijaya, kozAgAra kA saMvardhana Adi rAjyadharma ke vividha kartavyoM kI nami ko yAda dilAtA hai| nami una karttavyoM ke pratipakSa meM Atmadharma kI bAta kara indra kI parIkSA meM uttIrNa hotA hai| Akhira indra nami kI saMyamI cetanA se prabhAvita ho madhura zabdoM meM stuti kara calA jAtA hai| indra aura nami ke bIca hue saMvAda se yahAM dharmadarzana ke tathyoM kA udghATana huA hai| isake atirikta aura bhI kaI prasaMga saMvAda zailI ke mAdhyama se dharmadarzana ke tathyoM kA udghATana karane vAle haiN| yathA- citta aura saMbhUta (adhyayana 13), bhRgu aura bhRguputra (adhyayana 14) kezIkumAra aura zramaNa gautama Adi (adhyayana 23) / uttarAdhyayana meM caritra sthApatya 191 2010_03

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2. muni harikezI jAti kI uccatA ke ahaMkAra ke kAraNa cANDAla kula meM utpanna harikezI ne jAtismaraNa jJAna dvArA jAti-mada kA kutsita phala tathA svargIya sukhoM kI nazvaratA ko bhI dekhaa| 'saMsAra tyAjya hai' yaha pratIti usake bhItara vairAgya bhAvanA ko utpanna karatI hai| pravrajita hokara harikezI muni ke rUpa meM jagavizruta huaa| muni harikezI kI cAritrika vizeSatAeM usake saMyamI vyaktitva para gaharA prabhAva DAlatI haiMAcAraniSTha ___ sAdhu kA sarvasva AcAra-pAlana hai| muni harikezI zramaNa-dharma ke AcAra kA samyak rUpa se pAlana karate the| IryA, eSaNA Adi samitiyoM meM satata sAvadhAna the| mana, vacana aura kAyA se gupsa tathA jitendriya the| unake upakaraNa aura upadhi bhI unake zreSTha saMyamI jIvana ke paricAyaka the| tapasvI tapa meM acintya zakti va sAmarthya hai| vaha dUsaroM ko bhI apanI ora AkRSTa kara letA hai| harikezI kA tapa advitIya thaa| ve eka divasIya yAvat bar3hate bar3hate arddhamAsika evaM mAsika upavAsa krama dvArA tapa ke anuSThAna meM nirata rahate the| 'taveNa parisosiyaM' (uttara, 12/4) tapa se unakA zarIra bhI kRza ho gayA thaa| mAsika tapasyA ke pAraNe meM bhI svayaM hI AhAra kI gaveSaNA karate the| unake tapa Adi guNoM se prabhAvita hokara maMDika yakSa anavarata unakI sevA meM saMlagna thaa| 'eso hu so uggatavo mahappA' (uttara, 12/22) bhadrA kA yaha kathana bhI harikezI ke ugra tapasvI kA hI sUcaka hai| brahmacArI rAjA kauzalika apanI putrI bhadrA ke pANigrahaNa ke lie muni se prArthanA karatA hai| muni rAjakanyA ko asvIkAra karate hue kahate haiM - maiM sAMsArika bhoga-vAsanAmaya jIvana se sarvathA nivRtta hUM, saMyamazIla sAdhaka huuN| maiM mana, vacana, zarIra se strI kA sparza taka nahIM kara sktaa| tumhAre sAtha jo kucha huA, vaha to yakSa kI karatUta hai| sahaja prApta rAjakanyA kA parihAra muni ke brahmacarya vrata ke svIkaraNa kA dyotaka hai| 192 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ____ 2010_03

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parama sahiSNu harikezI eka mAsa ke tapa ke pAraNe hetu bhikSArtha yajJazAlA meM upasthita hue| jIrNa tathA maile vastra dekhakara brAhmaNa unakA upahAsa karane lge| unhoMne kahA - kAe va AsA ihamAgao si? yahAM kyoM Aye ho? nikala jaao| ve isa upahAsa ko bhI zAMta bhAva se sahanakara sahiSNutA kA paricaya dete haiM aura 'na hu muNI kovaparA havaMti' isa ukti ko caritArtha karate haiN| harikezI ke vizeSaNa kula ke paricAyaka, sovAgakulasaMbhUo (cANDAla kula meM utpanna), 12/ 1, labdhisaMpanna, AsIviso (AzIviSa labdhi se saMpanna) 12/27, caritra vidhAyaka, guNuttaradharo (jJAnAdi guNoM kA dhAraka) 12/1, jiiMdio (jitendriya ) 12/1, saMjao (saMyamI) 12/2, susamAhio (samAdhistha) 12/2, maNagutto (mana se gupta ) 12/3,vayagutto (vacana se gupta ) 12/3, kAyagutto (zarIra se gupta ) 12/3, samaNo (zramaNa) 12/9, baMbhayArI (brahmacArI) 12/ 9, uggatavo (ugra tapasvI ) 12/22, mahappA (mahAtmA) 12/22, mahAjaso (mahAna yazasvI ) 12/23, mahANubhAgo (acintya zakti-saMpanna) 12/23, ghoravvao (ghoravratI) 12/23, ghoraparakkamo (ghora parAkramI) 12/23, ye sabhI vizeSaNa harikezI ke utkRSTa caritra ke saMsUcaka haiN| harikezI kI uparokta udAtta cAritrika vizeSatAeM Arhat jIvana-darzana ke pratipAdana meM uttarAdhyayana ke kavi ko saphalatA prApta karAtI hai| 3. mRgAputra uttarAdhyayana meM mRgAputra aisA pAtra hai jisane vivAha kara rAjyapada kA bhoga karane ke pazcAt saMyama svIkAra karake mokSa gati ko prApta kiyaa| nimitta bane eka saMnyAsI, jinheM dekhakara pUrvajanma kI smRti huI aura dIkSA ke lie mAtA-pitA se AjJA maaNgii| 'aNujANaha pavvaissAmi ammo' (19/10) mAtA! mujhe anujJA deM, maiM pravajita houuNgaa| mAtA-pitA saMyama jIvana kI kaThinAiyoM kA varNana kara manuSya sambandhI bhogoM ke bhoga ke lie prerita karate haiM, aneka prayAsa karate haiM ki vaha saMyama grahaNa na kre| kintu bhAvanA kI puSTi hetu mRgAputra vividha tarka dekara mAtA-pitA ko Akhira yaha kahane ke lie bAdhya kara detA hai ki 'puttA! jahAsuhaM' putra! jaise tumheM sukha ho vaise kro| yahAM bhAvoM uttarAdhyayana meM caritra sthApatya 193 2010_03

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kI sazakta sampreSaNIyatA ke lie uttarAdhyayana kA kartA mRgAputra ko utkRSTa pAtra ke rUpa meM upasthita karatA hai| 4. anAthI bimbAtmakatA sAhitya kA prANa-tattva hai| acchA sAhitya vahI hai jisake adhyayana mAtra se varNya viSaya rUpAyita hone lagatA hai, usakA mAnasika pratyakSa hone lagatA hai| magadha samrAT zreNika aura muni anAthI ke bIca huI vArtA se anAthI kI anAthatA magadhAdhipati ko bhI anAthatA kA mAnasika pratyakSa karAtI hai- 'appaNA vi aNAho si seNiyA! mghaahivaa|' (20/12) zreNika! tuma anAtha ho, dUsaroM ke nAtha kaise banoge? aisA azrutapUrva vacana sunakara rAjA AzcaryAnvita ho gyaa| para jaba muni anAtha zabda kA artha aura usakI utpatti kA varNana karate haiM taba rAjA ko varNya viSaya kI spaSTatA ho jAtI hai| nRpa svayaM anAthatA kA anubhava kara muni se anuzAsita hone kI hama karatA hai| 2 jI ke akiJcana jIvana va anAsakta caritra kA rAjA para gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai| 5. ariSTanemi soriyapura nagara ke samudravijaya rAjA evaM zivA rAnI kA putra ariSTanemi lokanAtha evaM jitendriya thA / ve dUsaroM kA akalyANa nahIM cAhate the| choTI sI kathA meM ariSTanemi ke vyaktitva para gaharA prakAza par3atA hai - zarIra saMpadA ke svAmI ariSTanemi svara-lakSaNoM (saundarya, gAmbhIrya Adi) se yukta, eka hajAra ATha zubha-lakSaNoM ke dhAraka, gautama gotrI aura zyAma varNa vAle the| (uttara. 22/5) unakA saMhanana vajra-RSabha-nArAca (sudRr3hatama asthi-bandhana) tathA samacaturasra saMsthAna thaa| udara machalI ke udara jaisA thA - vajjarisahasaMghayaNo samacauraMso jhsoyro| uttara. 22/6 isa prakAra zubha lakSaNoM ke dhAraka ariSTanemi nizcita rUpa se zarIra sampadA ke svAmI haiN| vivAha ke lie jAte samaya jaba vAsudeva ke jyeSTha gandhahastI para ArUr3ha hote haiM, usa samaya unakA zArIrika saundarya aura adhika nikharatA . 194 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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karuNArdra hRdaya uttama Rddhi aura dyuti ke sAtha vivAha ke lie prasthita ariSTanemi bhaya se saMtrasta aura piMjaroM meM baMda prANiyoM ko dekhakara, sArathi se yaha patA lagane para ki ye jIva mere vivAha kArya meM logoM kA bhojya baneMge - atyanta udvigna ho jIvoM ke prati karuNA se bhAvita mahAprajJa ne ciMtana kiyA ki aise vivAha se kyA, jo aneka nirIha jIvoM ke vadha kA kAraNa bane / paraloka meM yaha mere lie hitakara nahIM hai - i majjha kAraNa ee hammihiMti bahU jiyA / na me eyaM tu nissesaM paraloge bhavissaI | uttara. 22/19 jIvoM ke ArttanAda se dravita ho karuNeza lauTa ge| 'unake karNa dUsaroM kA amaMgala kara maMgala gIta sunane ko taiyAra nahIM the' isa kathya kI vizada abhivyakti ke lie uttarAdhyayanakAra ne ariSTanemi ke caritra ko ubhArA hai / damIzvara 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' kI bhAvanA se bhAvita hokara lokanAtha ariSTanemi rAjya ke nazvara sukhoM kA parityAga kiyaa| unakA virakta mana prANI mAtra ke ananta sukha kI anveSaNA ke lie tatpara huA / vAsudeva ne isakA anumodana karate hue kahA icchiyamaNorahe turiyaM pAvesU taM damIsarA | uttara. 22/25 damIzvara ! tuma apane icchita manorathoM ko zIghra prApta karo / svayaM dIkSita hokara bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM vizva - vikhyAta hue / ariSTanemi ke vizeSaNa vizuddhi ke paricAyaka : loganAha (lokanAtha ) 22/4, damIsare (damIzvara) 22/4, mahApanne (mahAprajJa) 22 / 25, sANukkose (sakaruNa) 22/18, mahAyazA (mahAna yaza vAle) 22/20, luttakesaM (kezaluMcana) 22/ 25, jiiMdiyaM (jitendriya) 22/25 gotra gomo (gautama) 22 / 5, vaNhipuMgavo (vRSNipuMgava ) 22 / 13 uttarAdhyayana meM caritra sthApatya 2010_03 195

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zArIrika vizeSaNa lakkhaNassarasaMjuo (svara lakSaNoM se yukta) 22/5, aTThasahassalakkhaNadharo (eka hajAra ATha zubha-lakSaNoM kA dhAraka) 22/5, kAlagacchavI (zyAma varNa vAlA) 22/5,vajjarisahasaMghayaNo (vajraRSabha saMhanana) 22/6, samacauraMso (samacaturasra saMsthAna) 22/6, jhasoyaro (machalI ke samAna udara vAlA) 22/6, chatteNa cAmarAhi ya sohie (chatra-cAmara se suzobhita) 22/11, dasAracakkeNa parivArio (dazAracakra se ghirA huA) 22/11, isa prakAra ariSTanemi svayaM to mokSa meM pratiSThita hote hI haiM, bhavya jIvoM kA bhI mArga prazasta karate haiN| 6. rAjImatI rahanemijjaM' adhyayana kA sarvAdhika zauryavIra yukta pAtra nAyikA rAjImatI hai| rAjasI vaibhava meM palI huI, phira bhI paristhitiyoM ke vAtyAcakra se sarvathA aprabhAvita rahakara Adarza pAtra ke rUpa meM apanA paricaya detI haiAdarza rAjakanyA bhojakula ke rAjanya ugrasena kI putrI yauvana-saundarya se paripUrNa thii| eka hI gAthA meM usake rUpa-lAvaNya kA samagra nirdeza usakI zArIrika tathA Atmika dyuti ko prakaTa karatA hai| mAno 'citre nivezya parikalpita satvayogAt kI dvitIya saMracanA hI ho - . aha sA rAyavarakannA susIlA caarupehinnii| savvalakkhaNasaMpunnA vijjusoyaamnnippmaa|| uttara. 22/7 vaha rAjakanyA suzIla, cAruprekSiNI, strI janocita sarva-lakSaNoM se paripUrNa aura camakatI huI bijalI jaisI prabhA vAlI thii| rAjImatI kA yaha rUpa lAvaNya meghadUta kI yakSiNI aura zAkuntalam kI zakuntalA kI yAda dilAtA tanvI zyAmA zikharidazanA pakva bimbAdharoSThI, madhyekSAmA cakitahariNI prekSaNA nimnanAbhiH / zroNIbhArAdalasagamanA stokanamrA stanAbhyAM, 196 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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yA tatra syAt yuvativiSaye: sRSTirAdyaiva dhAtuH // 'kimiva hi madhurANAM maNDanaM nAkRtinAm // yakSiNI brahmA kI prathama sRSTi thI to rAjImatI zakuntalA kI taraha nisarga ramaNIyA thii| zokAtura rAjakanyA zivA ke aMgaja ariSTanemi ke sAtha rAjImatI kA vivAha nizcita hotA hai| rAjakanyA rAjakumAra ke rUpa-guNa se abhibhUta thii| vivAha se pUrva bhaya se saMtrasta vadhya pazuoM kA karuNa krandana sunakara mahAprajJa ariSTanemi vApasa mur3a gye| priyatama ke vApasa mur3ane tathA pravrajyA kI bAta ko sunakara rAjImatI zoka-stabdha ho gii| vaha upane priyatama ko AkRSTa nahIM kara sakI aura apane jIvana ko dhikkAratI huI kahatI hai -- 'dhiratthu mama jiiviyN|' uttara. 22/29 tyAgasaMpannA vyakti kA manoratha jaba anAyAsa hI dharAzAyI ho jAtA hai, taba vaha saMsAra se virakta hokara tapa, vrata kI ora agrasara hotA hai| ariSTanemi dvArA parityakta rAjImatI tatkAla pati mArga kA anusaraNa kara utkRSTa tyAgabhAvanA kA paricaya detI hai- 'sayameva lucaI kese' rAjImatI kA yaha rUpa bhavya jIvoM ke lie patha-pradarzaka hai| vAsudeva bhI tyAga kA anumodana karate hue AzIrvAdayukta vANI meM rAjImatI se kahate hai - saMsAra sAgaraM ghoraM tara kanne ! lahuM lahuM // uttara. 22/31 zIlasaMpannA raivataka parvata para ariSTanemi ko vaMdanA karane jAtI huI rAjImatI varSA se bhIga jAtI hai| guphA meM vastroM ko sukhAtI hai| usI guphA meM sthita rathanemi rAjImatI ko yathAjAta avasthA meM dekhatA hai| damita kAmavRtti jAga uThatI hai| kAma vAsanA se pIr3ita rathanemi yAcanA karatA hai 'ehi tA bhuMjimo bhoe mANussaM khu sudullahaM' uttara . 22/38 himAlaya kI taraha saMyama meM sthira rAjImatI gaMbhIra va prabhAvotpAdaka vANI meM saMyama se vicalita rathanemi ko kaThora zabdoM meM kahatI hai- he yaza: kAmina ! dhikkAra hai tujhe| jo tU bhogI jIvana ke lie vamana kI huI vastu ko uttarAdhyayana meM caritra sthApatya 197 ___ 2010_03

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pIne kI icchA karatA hai| isase to terA maranA zreya hai| rAjImatI ke ye zabda mammaTa kI 'kAntAsammitatayopadezayuje' kI bAta ko sArthaka karate haiN| ucca vaMza-paramparA kI ora rathanemi kA dhyAna AkRSTa karAkara sthira mana ho saMyama kA pAlana karane kI preraNA detI hai| aMkuza se hAthI kI taraha saMyama meM sthira karatI hai| puruSa kI apekSA nArI adhika saMyamazIla hotI hai - isa tathya ke prakaTIkaraNa ke sAtha rAjImatI kA udAtta caritra yahAM ujAgara huA hai| mAnavIya durbalatA una para hAvI nahIM hotI hai| rAjImatI ke vizeSaNa kAvya kI dRSTi se utkRSTa, adhyayana meM prayukta lagabhaga aThAraha vizeSaNoM kA prayoga zIlasaMpanna rAjImatI ke caritra ke vibhinna pakSoM para prakAza DAlatA hai zArIrika dIpti ke udghATaka vizeSaNa cAru pehiNI (cAruprekSiNI) 22/7, savvalakkhaNasaMpunnA (sarvalakSaNa sampanna) 22/7, vijjusoyAmaNippabhA (camakatI bijalI ke samAna prabhA vAlI) 22/7, surUve (surUpa) 22/37, suyaNU (sUtanU) 22/37 utkRSTa caritra ke sUcaka susIlA 22/7, luttakesaM 22/31, jiiMdiyaM 22/31, sIlavaMtA 22/32, bahussuyA 22/32, cArubhAsiNi 22/37, saMjayAe 22/46, uccavaMza ke pratipAdaka rAyavarakannA (zreSTha rAjakanyA) 22/7, rAyakannA 22/28 du:kha ke dyotaka nihAsA 22/28, nirANaMdA 22/28 dhairya pratipAdaka dhiimaMtA 22/30, vavassiyA 22/30 isa prakAra pUre adhyayana meM rAjImatI saMyama, zIla, tapa aura vratoM kI ArAdhanA meM saMlagna dikhAI detI hai aura aMta meM anuttara siddhi ko prApta karatI hai| 198 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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rathanemi bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke anuja rathanemi the / unakA caritra saMkSipta hote hue bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| 'rahanemijjaM' adhyayana meM rathanemi ko udbodhita karanA AgamakAra kA mukhya lakSya hai hI, sAtha sAtha kAmavAsanA ke jAla meM phaMsane vAle prANiyoM ke bhI uddhAra kI kahAnI hai / 7. manuSya naitika aura anaitika kAryoM se uThatA hai, giratA hai / caritra meM arntadvandva kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / rathanemi eka aisA pAtra hai jisakA jIvana dvandva se bharA hai| jo pahale ariSTanemi dvArA vamita rAjImatI se vivAha kI icchA karatA hai kintu rAjImatI ke dIkSita hone para svayaM bhI dIkSA le letA hai / phira punaH rAjImatI ke rUpa meM Asakta ho kAmI jIvana kI icchA karatA hai| rAjImatI use saMyama mArga meM sthira karatI hai| isa adhyayana se dvandva se vikasita rathanemi ke caritra ke do pakSa sAmane Ate haiM 1. kAma se pIr3ita hokara patana ke dvAra taka pahuMca jAnA / 2. rAjImatI se udbodha pAkara saMyama meM sthirIkaraNa dvArA anuttaragati ko prApta karanA / kAmI puruSa guphA meM rAjImatIko yathAjAta avasthA meM dekhakara rathanemi bhagnacita ho jAtA hai / vaha kAmAndha jyeSTha bhrAtA dvArA parityakta rAjImatI se nirlajja hokara bhoga kI yAcanA karatA hai| damita kAma-vAsanA ubhara AtI hai| tarka-yukta vANI meM kahatA hai - bhadre ! maiM rathanemi hUM / tU mujhe svIkAra kara / tujhe koI pIr3A nahIM hogii| hama bhukta bhogI ho phira jina mArga para cleNge| isa prakAra eka kAmI puruSa ke rUpa meM rathanemi pAThakoM ke samakSa upasthita hotA hai| jitendriya rathanemi ke caritra kA dUsarA pakSa hai - rAjImatI se udbodha pAkara saMyama sthiratA aura aMtima lakSya kI prApti / prabhusammita, mitrasammita Adi upadezoM kI apekSA kAntAsammita uttarAdhyayana meM caritra sthApatya 2010_03 199

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upadeza vizeSa prabhAvaka hotA hai| isI upadeza se rathanemi ke caritra meM utkRSTatA AtI hai, ve zrAmaNya meM sthira hokara antima lakSya ko prApta karate haiN| yathA_ 'yadi tU rUpa se vaizramaNa hai, sAkSAt indra hai to bhI maiM tujhe nahIM caahtii| dhikkAra hai tujhe| isa prakAra rAgabhAva karane se tU asthitAtmA ho jaaegaa|' rAjImatI ke ye vacana rathanemi ko tIra kI taraha lagate haiN| vaha jitendriya hokara zrAmaNya meM sthira ho jAtA hai| uggaM tavaM carittANaM jAyA doNNi vi kevlii| savvaM kammaM khavittANaM siddhiM pattA aNuttaraM // uttara. 22/48 rathanemi ke caritra kA yaha dUsarA pakSa eka nArI dvArA puruSa meM pauruSatva jagAkara lakSya prApti karAne kA suMdara nidarzana upasthita karatA hai| isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana kA pratyeka pAtra caritragata viziSTatA se pUrNa hai tathA apanI lakSita maMjila ko prApta karake hI virAma letA hai| sandarbha : 1. DaoN. nagendra dvArA anudita arastU kA kAvyazAstra, pR. 22 2. gosvAmI tulasIdAsa, patra 59 uddhRta haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana pR. 228 3. mahAjanaka jAtaka, saMkhyA 539 4. abhijJAna zAkuntala, 2/9 5. meghadUta, 2/21 6. abhijJAna zAkuntala, 1/19 200 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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6. uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 'bhASA' zabda kA prayoga kaI arthoM meM hotA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se bhASA una sabhI mAdhyamoM kA bodha karAtI hai jisase bhAvAbhivyaMjana kA kAma liyA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se pazu-pakSiyoM kI bolI bhI bhASA hai, iMgita bhI bhASA hai, sar3aka kI lAla-harI battI bhI bhASA hai aura manuSya jo bolatA hai vaha bhI bhASA hai| jisakI sahAyatA se manuSya paraspara vicAra-vinimaya yA sahayoga karate haiM, usa yAdRcchika, rUr3ha, dhvani-saMketa kI praNAlI ko bhASA kahate 'bhASa vyaktAyAM vAci' dhAtu se bhASA zabda niSpanna huA hai| 'bhASyate vyaktavArarUpeNa abhivyaJjyate iti bhASA' arthAt vyakta vANI ke rUpa meM jisakI abhivyakti kI jAtI hai use 'bhASA' kahate haiN| mukhya rUpa meM bhASA zabda se mAnava dvArA vyakta vANI kA hI grahaNa hotA hai, kyoMki vyakta bhASA ke dvArA sUkSmAtisUkSma mAnavIya bhAvoM ko prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhASA ke viziSTa jJAna ko bhASA-vijJAna kahate haiN| mUlataH bhASAvijJAna vaha vijJAna hai, jisameM bhASA kA sarvAMgINa vivecanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| bhASA vijJAna ke cAra tattva haiM 1. dhvanivijJAna (Phonology) 2. pada-vijJAna (Morphology) 3. vAkya-vijJAna (Syntax) 4. arthavijJAna (Semantics) 1. dhvani jo sunAI detI hai aura jisase zabda-bimba kA nirmANa ho use dhvani kahate haiN| dhvani-vijJAna bhASA kI vibhinna dhvaniyoM kA jJAna karAtA hai tathA spaSTa uccAraNa kI zikSA detA hai| mahAbhASya pradIpa TIkA kI ukti hai'ekaH zabdaH samyag jJAtaH zAstrAnvitaH suprayuktaH svarge loke kAmadhura bhvti|' eka zabda kA zuddha jJAna aura prayoga bhI manuSya kI svarga-prApti kA uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 201 2010_03

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sAdhaka hotA hai| isalie prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM ne dhvani-uccAraNa ko mahattva dete hue kahA hai - yadyapi bahu nAdhISa tathApi paTha putra vyaakrnnm| svajanaH zvajano mA bhUt sakalaM zakalaM sakRt shkRt|| vyAkaraNa aura uccAraNa zikSA kA bodha avazya honA cAhie jisase svajana (apane sambandhI) zvajana (kutte), sakala (saba) zakala (AdhA) yA sakRt (eka bAra) zakRt (viSThA, mala) na ho jaae| dhvaniyoM kA prAcIna vargIkaraNa svara aura vyaMjana ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| svara ve dhvaniyAM haiM jo svayaM uccarita ho sakatI haiN| vyaMjana kA uccAraNa svaroM kI sahAyatA ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| pataJjali ne likhA hai-'svayaM rAjante iti svraaH| anvag bhavati vyaMjanam iti|' yanAnI vaiyAkaraNa DAyonizasa threksa ne bhI svaroM kI svatantra sattA svIkAra kI hai aura vyaMjanoM ko svaroM ke adhInastha mAnA hai| kintu Adhunika dRSTi se yaha paribhASA sarvathA grAhya nahIM hai| yathA-'svara' zabda ke 's' meM koI svara nahIM hai phira bhI uccAraNa meM aspaSTatA nahIM hai| isase spaSTa hai ki uccAraNa ke lie svara kI sahAyatA anivArya nahIM hai| Adhunika dRSTi se 'svara' ve dhvaniyAM haiM jinakA uccAraNa karate samaya niHzvAsa meM kahIM koI avarodha nahIM hotaa| 'vyaMjana' ve dhvaniyAM haiM jinakA uccAraNa karate samaya niHzvAsa meM kahIM na kahIM avarodha hotA hai| __ parivartana sRSTi kA niyama hai| pratyeka vastu saMsaraNazIla hai| pratyeka bhASA kI dhvaniyoM meM bhI nirantara parivartana hotA rahA hai| prAkRta bhASA meM bhI dhvani-parivartana kI sabhI sthitiyAM vartamAna haiN| inake vaiyAkaraNoM ne dhvani parivartana kA vivecana spaSTatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| parivartana kA mukhya kAraNa prayatnalAghava yA mukha-sukha hai| prastuta prasaMga meM dhvani-parivartana kA vivecana uttarAdhyayana ke pariprekSya meM vAMchanIya hai| prAkRta meM svara prAkRta svara-dhvaniyoM meM mukhyataH ATha svara svIkRta haiMa, A, i, I, u, U, e aura o| 202 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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uttarAdhyayana ke pariprekSya meM svara-parivartana a kA parivartana nimna rUpoM meM prApta hai - a > A catuMrataH > cAurate (11/22) nazyanti > nAsai (14/18) a > i maharddhikaH > mahiDDie (1/48) vajra > vaira (19/50) gRhaliMgAH > gihiliMge (36/49) madhyamayoH > majjhimAi (36/50) caramAnte > carimate (36/59) a > I ISatprAgbhAra > IsIpabbhAra (36/57) a > u zmazAne > susANe (2/20) sarvajJaH > savvaNNU (23/78) kathaya > kahasu (23/79) vakSyAmi > vucchAmi (36/47) a > e zayyAbhiH > sejjAhiM (2/22) antaHpuram > aMteuraM (9/12) atra > ettha (12/18) brahmacarya > baMbhacera (16/1) adhaH > ahe (36/50) a > luk araNye > raNe (14/42) A kA parivartana A > a nAsti > natthi (14/15) tAmra > taMba (19/68) uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 203 2010_03

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A> e A > u i kA parivartana i> a 204 iI i u i e I kA parivartana I i mArga maggaM ( 20/51) > snApitaH havio (22/9) > duSTAzvaH > duTThasso (23/58) dvitIyAmbI (26/12) > tathA > taha (28/32) purA pure (14 / 1) > ArdraH > ullo (25/40) pRthivI puDhavI (36/60) > udadhiH udahI (11/30) asibhiH > asIhi (19/55) dvidhA > duhao (7/17) iSukAra > usuyAra (14 / 1) dvimukhaH > dummuha (18/45) dvividhAH duvihA (36/48) cikitsAM > tegicchaM (2/33) tIrNaH tiNNo (10/34) krIDAm kiDDuM (16/6) tIkSNa tikkha (19/52) > kSIyate jhijjara (20/49) 2010_03 > > > uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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I > u I e u kA parivartana u > a u > i u > o U kA parivartana U > i U > u tRtIyAyAm > tajhyAe (26/12) vihInam > vihUNaM (28/29) IdRzam > erisaM (12/11) kIdRzaH > keriso (23/11) kutra > kattha ( 36/55) puruSeSu purisesu (36 / 51) > zrutvA > soccANaM (2/25) kutUhala > koUhala (20/45) puSkariNI > pokkhariNI (32 / 34) brUto biMta (19 / 44) > > zUnyAgAre sunnagAre (2/20) pUrNA > puNNA (11/31) SaTpUrvA chappurimA ( 26 / 25) Urdhvam > uDDuM (36/50) > ai aura au kA parivartana ai > e > AbharaNaiH > AbharaNehiM (22/9) sukhaiSiNaH suhesiNo (22/16) paJjaraiH > paMjarehiM (22/16) vaizramaNaH > vesamaNo (22/41) uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 2010_03 205

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ai > i caitrASvinayoH > cittAsoesu (26/13) ai > ai vaidehIm > vaidehI (9/61) au > o sarvauSadhibhiH > savvosahIhi (22/9) kautaka > kouya (22/9) pauSe > pose (26/13) avamaudaryam > omoyariyaM (30/14) au > u raudre > ruddANi (30/35) 'R' kA parivartana prAkRta bhASA meM 'R' svara kA svataMtra rUpa se prayoga nahIM hotA hai phira bhI prAkRta bhASA-vaijJAnikoM evaM vaiyAkaraNoM ke madhya yaha carcita rahA hai| jaba saMskRta ke rUpoM kA dhvani-parivartana kara use prAkRta rUpa diyA jAtA hai taba vahAM 'R' kA aneka rUpoM meM parivartana prApta hotA hai| yathA - R> a suhRtam > suhaDe (1/36) mRtam > maDe (1/36) sukRtam > sukayaM (1/44) ghRtasiktaH > ghayasitta (3/12) kRtAnAm > kaDANa (4/3) kRtAJjaliH > kayaMjalI (20/54) R> A kRtvA > kAuM (22/35) R > i parigRhya > parigijjha (1/43) kRtyAnAm > kiccANaM (1/45) pRSThataH > piTThao (2/15) 206 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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gRhavAse > gihavAse (5/24) RddhimantaH > iDDimaMtA (5/27) rasagRddhaH > rasagiddhe (8/11) RSi > isiM (12/30) mRgaH > mige (32/37) R> u mRSA > musaM (1/24) saMvRtaH > saMvuDe (5/25) pRthivI > puDhavI (9/49) RjukRtaH > ujjukaDe (15/1) mRSAvAdI > musAvAI (7/5) pRthaktvaM > puhattaM (28/13) R > U parivRDhaH > parivUDhe (7/2) upabRhA > uvavUha (28/31) R > o mRSA > mosassa (32/31) R> li atAdRze > atAlise (32/91) AgamakAra kA yaha nayA hI prayoga hai| R > Dhi anAdRtasya > aNADhiyassa (11/27) R > ri sadRzaH > sariso (2/24) vajraRSabha > vajjarisaha (22/6) etAdRzyA > eyArisIe (22/13) kIdRzaH > keriso (23/11) uparyukta svara-parivartana ko guNAtmaka aura mAtrAtmaka parivartana, svaralopa tathA svarAgama ke rUpa meM bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 207 ___ 2010_03

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vyaMjana vyaMjana kI dRSTi se prAkRta meM za, Sa, visarga nahIM hote| Ga, Ja apane varga ke vyaMjana ke sAtha hI prayukta hote haiN| isa prakAra prAkRta meM 25 sparzavarNa, 4 antasthavarNa, 2 uSmavarNa aura anusvAra svIkRta haiN| vyaMjana kI do sthitiyAM haiM 1. saMyukta vyaMjana, 2. asaMyukta vyaMjana saMyukta vyaMjana jina do yA do se adhika vyaMjanoM ke madhya svara na ho use saMyukta vyaMjana kahate haiN| prAkRta meM saMyukta vyaMjana kucha niyamoM se Abaddha haiM 1. do se adhika saMyukta vyaMjana nahIM rhte| 2. do mahAprANa eka sAtha prayukta nahIM hote| 3. aghoSa alpaprANa ghoSa alpaprANa kA saMyukta prayoga nahIM hotaa| jaise-kg, / 4. aghoSa alpaprANa ghoSa mahAprANa ke sAtha bhI prayukta nahIM hotaa| jaise-kc, cjh 5. ghoSa alpaprANa ghoSa mahAprANa ke sAtha aura aghoSa alpaprANa ___ aghoSa ke sAtha hI prayukta hote haiN| yathA kkha, jjh| saMyukta vyaMjana kI tIna sthitiyAM haiM1. Adi sthita sayuMkta vyaMjana prAkRta meM Adi meM saMyukta vyaMjana nahIM pAe jaate| apavAda ke rUpa meM Nha, mha Adi kA prayoga bhI milatA hai| Adi sthita saMyukta vyaMjanoM meM parivartanasyAt > siyA (1/40) glAnaH > gilANo (5/11) sneham > siNehaM (6/4) stenaH > (7/5) stuti > thui (26/42) svAdhyAyena > sajjhAeNaM (29/19) A AA AA A teNe 208 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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(32/14) (32/14) (32/32) puSpa strINAm > itthINa vyavasyet > vavasse kleza > kilesa 2 madhyavartI saMyukta vyaMjana jJAtvA > naccA pUjyazAstraH > pujjasatthe labdhvA > laddhaM nirjarA > nijjarA karmANi > kammA puppha vidyate vijjaI bhadram > bhaI pArthivAH > patthivA utkarSam > ukkosaM mithyAtva > micchatta vidhvaMzaH > viddhaMse mahyam > majjhaM tatra > tattha zItoSNam > sIuNhaM caritram > carittaM nAsti > natthi sUkSmam > suhumaM karvaTa > kabbaDa kalpate > kappai dhyAna > jhANa vibhaktim > vibhattiM sidhyati > sijjhaI kka > kahiM AAAAAAAA AA AA (1/45) (1/47) (2/23) (2/37) (3/2) (9/9) (9/15) (9/16) (9/32) (10/11) (10/19) (11/24) (12/12) (12/19) (15/4) (28/29) (28/30) (28/32) (30/16) (30/18) (32/15) (36/47) (36/52) (36/55) uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 209 ___ 2010_03

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3. saMyukta vyaMjanoM ko asaMyukta banAne ke lie svarabhakti kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yathA zmazAne smRtvA svapiti strI dharSayati Arya arhA asaMyukta vyaMjana 210 prAsukam cikitsAM yakSa dahanti asaMyukta vyaMjana- parivartana ko bhI tIna rUpoM meM dekha sakate haiM 1. Adi- sthita > hai| yathA susANe sarittu suvai itthI dharisei Ariya arihA viSamam > salokatAm > 2010_03 phAsuyaM tegicchaM uktaH yatiH SaDvidham > ye > 2. madhya-sthita 1. mahAprANa asaMyukta vyaMjana (kha, gha, tha, dha, bha) prAyaH ha meM badalatA hai| jakkha DahaMti vutte jaI chavviho je (2/20) (9/2) (17/3) (30/22) (32/12) (32/15) (36/262) 2. ka, ga, ca, ja, ta, da, pa, ya, va kA prAyaH lopa dekhA jAtA hai| 3. pa va meM, Ta> Da meM, ThaDha meM, Da la meM prAyaH parivartita hotA (1/34) (2/33) (5/24) (23/53) (23/57) (24/12) (30 / 10) (32/21) visamaM salogayaM (5/14) (5/24) uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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anuttarajJAnI > eDakam > vipule Aveze vilopakaH aja zaThaH sukumAram > lokapUjitaH > avadhijJAna > atha prathamAm pratimAsu yatate sUtrakRteSu > dazAdInAm > lobhaH vasatiH duHkhita viyoge > udAharaNa svarUpa lopa kutracit kvacit > aNuttaranANI (6/17) (7/1) (7/2) (7/3) (7/5) (7/9) (7/17) (20/4) (23/1) (23/3) (23/14) (26/12) (31 / 11) (31/14) (31/16) (31/17) (32/8) (32/13) (32/31) (32/93) (36/147) > elayaM viule Aese vilovae aya saDhe 2010_03 sukumAlaM logapUio ohinANa duhio vioge zRGgarITyaH siMgirIDI antya-sthita aha paDhamaM paDamAsu jayaI 1. antima vyaMjana kA lopa ho jAtA hai| 2. antyavyaMjana ko anusvAra ho jAtA hai| 3. antima vyaMjana svarAnta kara diyA jAtA hai| sUyagaDe dasAiNaM loho vasahI katthaI uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA (2/27) (2/46) 211

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V V V V kadAcit > kayAi (3/7) tasmAt tamhA (6/12) balAt > balA (19/58) pazcAt > pacchA (29/29) anusvAra na ko anusvAra-AyuSman > AusaM (29/1) m ko anusvAra - janam > jaNaM (22/17) anya vyaMjana ko bhI kabhI-kabhI anusvAra ho jAtA haisamyag > samma (24/27) svarAnta pRthag > puDho (3/2) Apad > AvaI (7/17) samIkaraNa (Assimilation) do viSama dhvaniyoM ke ekatra hone para eka dhvani dUsarI dhvani ko prabhAvita karake apane sadRza banA letI hai, uccAraNa saukarya ke lie viSamavargIya vyaMjana samavarga meM parivartita ho jAte haiM, ise hI samIkaraNa yA samIbhavana kahate hai| samIkaraNa tIna prakAra ke haiM1. purogAmI samIkaraNa (Progressive Assimilation) saMyukta vyajaMnoM meM pUrvavartI dhvani pazcAdvartI dhvani ko prabhAvita kara apane sadRza banA letI hai, yaha purogAmI samIkaraNa hai| jaise kalyANam > kallANa (1/39) hiraNyam > hiraNNaM (9/46) abravIt > abbavI (23/67) kSipram > khippaM (24/27) manye manne (27/12) caritra > caritta (29/15) itvarikam > ittiriyA (30/9) davAgniH > (32/11) V V V 212 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ____ 2010_03

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2. pazcagAmI samIkaraNa (Regressive Assimilation) isameM paravartI dhvani pUrvavartI dhvani ko apane samAna banA letI hai| jaiseartham > atthaM (1/23) muktiH > mutti (9/57) pratipUrNam > paDipuNNaM (9/49) utpatitaH > uppaio (9/60) dharmaH > dhammo (23/68) udgataH > uggao (23/76) nirgatA > niggayA (27/12) 3. mithogAmI samIkaraNa (Mutual Assimilation) saMyukta vyaMjanoM meM donoM vyaMjana eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiM, isase unake sthAna para eka nayA hI yugma yA ekala vyaMjana A jAtA hai, vaha mithogAmI samIkaraNa hai| yathA -- AtmArtham > appaNaTThA (1/25) kRtyAnAm > kiccANaM (1/45) mRtyunA > maccuNA (14/23) prajJA paNNA (23/64) paryavacarakaH > pajjavacarao (30/24) zayyA > sejjA (32/12) dhyAna > jhANa (32/15) viSamIkaraNa (Dissimilation) yaha samIkaraNa kA viparIta hai| do sama dhvaniyoM ke hone para bhI kabhIkabhI eka dhvani viSama ho jAtI hai, use viSamIkaraNa kahate haiN| uccAraNa kI suvidhA va artha kI spaSTatA ke lie aisA kiyA jAtA hai| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiMlokaH > logo (14/22) capeTAm > caveDaM (19/67) kUTakArSApaNaH > kUDakahAvaNe (20/42) yAjakaH > jAyago (25/6) AAAAAA V V V uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 213 2010_03

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Agama (Augment) uccAraNa kI suvidhA ke lie zabdoM ke Adi, madhya yA anta meM kucha dhvaniyoM kA sanniveza kiyA jAtA hai, unheM Agama kahate haiN| 'mitravadAgamaH" Agama mitravat hotA hai| isake tIna bheda haiM1. Adi svarAgama zabda ke Adi meM hone vAle svara ke Agama ko Adi svarAgama kahA jAtA hai| ___ strI > itthI (7/6) 2. madhya svarAgama (svarabhakti) (Anaptyxis) saMyukta vyaMjana meM eka vyaMjana ya, ra, la, va aura ha ho yA anunAsika ho unheM a, i, I aura u meM se kisI eka svara kA Agama kara usa saMyukta vyaMjana ko sarala banA diyA jAtA hai, ise svarabhakti, viprakarSa, vizleSa yA svaravikSepa kahate haiN| udAharaNagarhAm > garahaM (1/42) chadma > chaumaM (2/43) kRtsnam > kasiNaM (8/16) iAm > iriyaM (9/21) rAjarSim > rAyarisiM (9/31) bhAryA > bhAriyA (20/28) marSaya > marisehi (20/57) Arya > Ariya (32/15) 3. antya-svarAgama isameM suvidhA ke lie aMta meM svara kA Agama kara diyA jAtA hai| yathA arhan > arahA (6/17) udAhRtavAn > (6/17) Apad > AvaI (7/17) bahiH bahiyA (25/3) V V V V V V V V V V udAhu V V 214 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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lopa (Elision) mukha-sukha, prayatnalAghava yA uccAraNa meM zIghratA, svarAghAta Adi ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI kucha dhvaniyoM kA lopa ho jAtA hai| lopa tIna prakAra ke haiM svaralopa- isakA prabhAva prAyaH avyayoM meM dekhA jAtA hai| yathA - araNye , raNe (14/42) api > (33/18) iti > tti (34/61) 2. vyaMjanalopa zmazAne > susANe (2/20) kecit > keI (6/11) kiMcit > kiMci (9/48) 3. akSaralopa ullikhitaH > ullio (19/64) vyavadAnam > vodANaM (29/28) mahAprANIkaraNa (Aspiration) alpaprANa dhvaniyoM kA mahAprANa meM parivartana mahAprANIkaraNa kahalAtA hai| udAharaNa rUpa meMsparzataH > phAsao (1/33) paruSaH > pharusA (2/25) vasatim > vasahiM (14/48) pATitaH > phAlio (19/64) azvA > assA (20/14) prAsuke > phAsue (25/3) saMstAre > saMthAre (25/3) ghoSIkaraNa (Vocalization) ghoSIkaraNa meM aghoSa dhvaniyoM ko ghoSa kara diyA jAtA hai| jaise V V V V V V uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 215 2010_03

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pApadRSTiH > pAvadiTThI (1/39) kupitam > kuviyaM (1/41) prAMjalipuTaH > paMjaliuDo (-1/41) zaThaH > sar3he (7/5) duHkhasaMbaddhA > duhasaMbaddhA (19/71) yathAsphuTam > jahAphuDaM (19/76) zrRNuta > suNeha (36/136) aghoSIkaraNa (De-vocalization) isameM ghoSa dhvaniyAM aghoSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai| yathAcariSyAvaH > carissAmu (14/7) prApnoti > pappoti (14/14) lAlapyamAnam > lAlappamANaM (14/15) antarmuhUrtam > aMtomuhuttaM (36/142) USmIkaraNa (Assibilation) USmIkaraNa meM kucha dhvaniyoM ko USma dhvani meM parivartita kara diyA jAtA hai| mAnuSyam > mANussaM (20/11) yathAjJAtam > jahAnAyaM (23/38) > jassa (32/8) sukham > suha (33/54) anekadhA > NegahA (36/149) jaghanyakA > jahanniyA (36/151) tAlavyIkaraNa kisI varNa kA tAlavya dhvani meM parivartita honA tAlavyIkaraNa hai| yathA bhUtAnAM > bhUyANaM (1/45) mahAdyutiH > mahajjuI (1/47) kRtyate > kiccai (4/3) yasya V V V 216 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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V V V V V gRhisuvratAH > gihisuvvayA (7/20) pAdau > pAe (20/7) mUrdhanyIkaraNa mUrdhanya bhinna koI bhI dhvani yadi mUrdhanya-dhvani meM parivartita ho jAtI hai use mUrghanyIkaraNa kahA jAtA hai| jaise RjukRtaH > ujjukar3e (15/1) dRSTAH diTThA (15/10) jAnAmi > jANAmi (17/2) anarthA aNaTThA (18/30) pratItya > paDucca (36/140) Artta aTTa (30/35) dantyIkaraNa kisI dhvani kA dantya dhvani meM parivartana dantyIkaraNa hai| lu dantya svara hai| prAkRta meM isakA astitva nahIM hai| pAtram > pattaM (6/15) eDakaH > elae (7/7) putram > puttaM (18/37) atIrghaH atariMsu (18/52) oSThyIkaraNa oSThya bhinna dhvani kA oSThya dhvani meM parivartana oSThyIkaraNa kahalAtA hai| pRthivI > puDhavI (9/49) prApya > pappa (36/140) sarve > (36/149) svarAghAta svarAghAta kA dhvanizAstra meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| svarAghAta hI dhvani ke Aroha-avaroha ko pradarzita karatA hai| akSara yA akSara-samUha ke uccAraNa dabAva ke kAraNa akSara yA akSara-samUha viziSTa ho jAte haiM, use svarAghAta A A AA savve uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 217 2010_03

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kahate haiN| yaha niyata akSara ke lie nizcita bhI ho sakatA hai aura svataMtra bhI ho sakatA hai| isake kAraNa zabdoM meM mAtrAtmaka evaM guNAtmaka parivartana parilakSita hote haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM svarAghAta ke kAraNa parivartana ke kucha udAharaNamAtrAtmaka parivartana jaba svarAghAta koI zabdAMza vizeSa para hotA hai to usake pUrvavartI yA pazcAtvartI svara hasva yA dIrgha ho jAtA hai AnupUrtyA - ANupubviM (1/1) AtmanaH > appaNo (1/6) manuSyAH > maNUsA (4/2) vizvasyAt > vIsase (4/6) muhUrttA > muhuttA (4/6) sparzA > phAsA (4/12) kAndI kaMdappaM (36/263) bhAvanAM > bhAvaNaM (36/263) dharmAcAryasya > dhammAyariyassa (36/265) guNAtmaka parivartana svaroM ke uccAraNa sthAna meM parivartana guNAtmaka parivartana hai| yathAbRMhayitA > bUhaittA (4/7) pauruSI > porisiM (26/12) dvipadA > dupayA (26/13) mRdumArdava > miumaddava (27/17) mriyante > maraMti (36/258) 2. pada bhASA kA AdhAra vAkya hai| vAkya kA AdhAra zabda hai| sArthaka zabda kI pada saMjJA hotI hai| 'suptiGantaM padam' arthAt subanta aura tiGanta ko pada kahate haiN| zabda yA dhAtu se vizeSa artha ke bodhaka sup yA tiG Adi pratyaya lagAne para prayoga ke yogya pada yA rUpa banate haiN| mahAbhASya ke anusAra-'na 218 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03 For Private &Personal Use Only

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kevalA prakRtiH prayoktavyA, nApi kevalaH prtyy|' 'apadaM na pryunyjiit|' na kevala prakRti kA prayoga karanA cAhie aura na kevala pratyaya kaa| apada (zabda ko pada banAe binA) kA prayoga na kreN| yAska ne nirukta meM pada ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - 1. nAma-saMjJA, sarvanAma aura vishessnn| 2. aakhyaat-kriyaa| 3. upasarga-pra, parA, anu, upa aadi| 4. nipAta-avyaya zabda (ca, vA aadi)| nAma dvi. vi. binA pada ke koI bhI zabda prayukta nahIM hotaa| prAkRta meM sarvatra sArthaka zabdoM kA hI prayoga dekhA gayA hai| pada banAne ke lie vibhakti ke prasaMga meM ardhamAgadhI prAkRta aura dUsarI prAkRtoM kI vibhaktiyoM meM bahuta antara nahIM hai| ardhamAgadhI meM prathamA vibhakti ekavacana meM ekAra bhI milatA hai| isakA kAraNa ardhamAgadhI para mAgadhI kA prabhAva hI lagatA hai| AgamoM meM bhI lagabhaga sabhI kAraka vibhaktiyAM prayukta huI haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta sArthaka saMjJA zabdoM ke katipaya udAharaNa isa prakAra haiMpra. vibhakti hariyAle (36/74), jayaghose (25/1) sAmAyAriM (26/1), asamAhiM (27/3) tR. vi. kohavijaeNaM (29/68), sAmAieNaM (29/9) Sa. vi. dukkhassa (32/111), mosassa (32/96) sa. vi. saMsAre (33/1), samuiMmi (21/4) saMbodhana goyama! (23/34), muNI! (23/41) sarvanAma (20/1) majjha (20/9) sA (22/40) ahaM (22/37) (25/9) so uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 219 2010_03

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vizeSaNa tavodhaNe (18/4) pabhUyarayaNo (20/2) mahappaNo (21/1) rAyalakkhaNasaMjue (22/1) kriyA saMskRta kI kriyA vyavasthA jaTila hai, prAkRta kI atyanta sarala hai| prAkRta bhASA meM kriyA sambandhI vaiziSTya isa prakAra haiM 1. prAkRta meM Atmanepada aura parasmaipada kA bheda nahIM hotaa| 2. prAkRta meM sabhI dhAtueM svarAnta hI hotI haiN| 3. dhAtu dvitva nahIM hotii| 4. dasa lakAra nahIM hote| 5. gaNa eka hI hotA hai| AgamoM meM kahIM-kahIM saMskRta kA prabhAva bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| yathA abravIt > abbavI uttarAdhyayana meM tInoM puruSoM ke ekavacana, bahuvacana meM kriyA kA prayoga huA haijaNayai (29/71) bhave (30/9) suNeha (32/1) vayaMti (32/7) vocchAmi upasarga upasarga kA prayoga bhI uttarAdhyayana meM kaI jagaha huA haisamabhivaMti (32/10) paduTThacitto (32/33) vimuccaI (32/43) 220 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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avyaya uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta avyaya isa prakAra haiMtatto (tataH) (30/11) ahavA (30/13) tattha (32/32) va (iva) (32/37) pada ke tIna bheda bhI kiye jA sakate haiM-1. tatsama 2. tadbhava aura 3. dezya zabda prakRti aura pratyaya ke saMyoga se niSpanna hai yA nahIM, isa AdhAra para inakA vibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMskRta meM zabdoM ke do vibhAga kie gae haiM-vyutpanna aura avyutpnn| vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM se siddha hone vAle zabda vyutpanna tathA vyAkaraNa sammata na hokara loka-paramparA yA vyavahAra se siddha hone vAle zabda avyutpanna kahalAte haiN| trivikramadeva ne prAkRta zabdoM ke tIna prakAra batAe haiM-tatsama, tadbhava aura deshy| 1. tatsama saMskRta ke samAna zabda 'tatsama' kahalAte haiN| ye binA kisI rUpaparivartana ke prAkRta meM prayukta hote haiN| saMskRtasamadeg aura tattulya' zabda isI ke vAcaka haiN| 2. tadbhava saMskRta kI pravRtti se siddha zabda 'tadbhava' hai| ye zabda varNAgama, varNavikAra, dhvani-parivartana Adi ke kAraNa apanA rUpa badala dete haiN| hemacandra ne isake lie saMskRtayoni' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai|12 3. dezya deSya zabda vyutpatti-siddha nahIM hote| AcArya hemacandra ne dezI zabda kI sArthaka evaM vyApaka paribhASA dI - je lakkhaNe Na siddhA Na pasiddhA skkyaahihaannesu| Na ya gauNalakkhaNAsattisaMbhavA te iha nnibddhaa|| uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 221 __ 2010_03

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desa visesapasiddhIi bhaNNamANA aNaMtayA huNti| tamhA aNAipAiapayaTTabhAsAvisesao desii|| jo zabda vyAkaraNa graMthoM meM prakRti, pratyaya dvArA siddha nahIM haiM, vyAkaraNa se siddha hone para bhI saMskRta kozoM meM prasiddha nahIM haiM tathA jo zabda lakSaNA Adi zabda-zaktiyoM dvArA durbodha haiM aura anAdikAla se lokabhASA meM pracalita haiM, ve saba dezI haiN| mahArASTra, vidarbha Adi nAnA dezoM meM bolI jAne vAlI bhASAeM aneka hone se dezI zabda bhI anaMta hai| uttarAdhyayana ke kartA ne tInoM prakAra ke zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| tatsama khalu (1/15) (1/16) saMsAre (3/2) deva (9/1) dAruNA (9/7) nIlA (36/72) tadbhava pakkhapiNDaM (1/19) hiccA (3/23) vaDi (32/30) sadAvarI (36/138) varaM dezya Agama-sAhitya zabdoM kA bhaMDAra hai| bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI isake zabda tulanIya evaM vimarzanIya haiN| prAkRta ke adhyayana ke lie bhI dezI zabdoM kA adhyayana atyanta Avazyaka hai| uttarAdhyayana meM samAgata aneka dezI zabda arvAcIna hiMdI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, marAThI, kannaDa, tamila,telagu bhASA ke zabdoM se bhI tulanIya haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta dezya zabda haiM - khuDDehiM (1/9) choTA Ahacca (1/11, 3/9) sahasA, kadAcit ___222 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ____- 2010_03

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khaDDuyA (1/38) Thokara mArane digiMchA (2/2) kSudhA viyaDassa (2/4) prAsuka jala adu (2/23) athavA jallaM (2/37) sveda-janita maila bokkaso (3/4) bokkasa (varNazaMkara jAti) parajjhA (4/13) parataMtra bAlaggapoiyAo (9/24) candrazAlA osa (10/2) osa aciyatte (11/9) aprItikara phokka (12/6) ubharA huA moTA nAka khalAhi (12/7) calA jA dhaNiyaM (13/2) pracura urAlA (15/14) UMce svara meM, bhayaMkara khiMsaI (17/4) niMdA karatA hai davadavassa (17/8) drutagati se apphova (18/5) latA kotthalo (19/40) vastra kA thailA (19/56) rojha musaMDhIhiM (19/61) musuNDiyoM se (lohamaya gola kAMToM se jaTita dArumaya praharaNa-vizeSa) (19/75) anantara vallarANi (19/80) latA nikuMjoM polle (20/42) polI aduvA (21/16) athavA phaNaga (22/30) kaMghI saMgophaM (22/35) bhujAoM kA paraspara gumphana khaluMkijaM (uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 27 veM adhyayana kA nAma) avinIta baila saMbaMdhI rojjho navaraM uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 223 2010_03

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samilaM (27/4) jue kI kIla chinnAle (27/7) jAra selli (27/7) rAsa ko khaluMke (27/3, 8, 15) avinIta ziSya gali (27/16) avinIta, duSTa bujjhaMti (29/1) prazAMta hote haiM bujjhai (29/42) prazAMta hotA hai khuDDae (32/20) anta karanA orAlA (36/126) sthUla mAivAhayA (36/128) mAtRvAhaka (dvIndriya jaMtu-vizeSa) palloyA (36/129) palloya (dvIndriya kITa-vizeSa) aNullayA (36/129) aNullaka (dvIndriya jaMtu-vizeSa) mAlugA (36/137) mAluka (trIndriya jaMtu-vizeSa) gummI (36/138) kAnakhajurI Dole (36/147) Dola (caturindriya jIva-vizeza, TiDDI) 3. vAkya vAkyavijJAna ke aMtargata bhASA meM prayukta vibhinna padoM ke paraspara sambandha kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| pada IMTa hai aura vAkya bhavana hai| vicAroM kI pUrNa abhivyakti vAkya se hotI hai| ataH 'vAkya hI bhASA kI sArthaka ikAI hai|' Adhunika bhASA-vijJAna bhI isa mata kA poSaka hai- Sentence is a significant unit. bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya meM kahA hai pade na varNA vidyante varNeSvavayavA na c| vAkyAt padAnAmatyantaM praviveko na knycn|| AcArya vizvanAtha ne AkAMkSA, yogyatA aura Asatti se yukta padasamUha ko vAkya mAnA hai| kumArila bhaTTa Adi AcAryoM ne bhI vAkya meM AkAMkSA, yogyatA, Asatti ko anivArya batAyA hai| 1. AkAMkSA AkAMkSA kA artha apekSA yA jijJAsA kI asamApti hai| vAkya meM 224 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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prayukta zabdoM kartA, karma, kriyA ina sabhI ko eka-dUsare kI apekSA rahatI hai| isa apekSA kI pUrti hone para hI vAkya banatA hai| isalie vAkya meM padoM kA sAkAMkSa honA anivArya hai| 2. yogyatA padoM meM pArasparika sambandha kI yogyatA yA kSamatA honI caahie| artha se sambandhita yA vyAkaraNa se sambandhita koI bAdhA nahIM honI caahie| 3. Asatti Asatti arthAt smiiptaa| vAkya meM prayukta pada kramabaddha rUpa se uccarita hoM, padoM ke bIca anAvazyaka antarAla na ho-inase yukta padasamUha hI pUrNa artha kI pratIti karA sakatA hai, isalie vahI vAkya hai| vAkya-prayoga eka jaTila prakriyA hai| isakA manovaijJAnika krama hai1. cintana-abhISTa artha kA vicAra 2. cayana-upayukta zabda-cayana 3. bhAzitakagaThana -vyAkaraNa ke anurUpa zabda-krama 4. uccAraNa uccAraNa ke dvArA unheM vAkya ke rUpa meM prakaTa krnaa| vAkya meM ye cIjeM yadi susaMbaddha rUpa meM calatI haiM to vAkya kI upayogitA para praznacihna nahIM lgtaa| bhASA meM aneka prakAra ke vAkya prayukta hote haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke kartA ne vAkya ke Avazyaka tattvoM sahita kramabaddha vAkyaracanA kA nirmANa kara vAkya ko sArthaka banAyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM prApta vAkyoM ke kucha prakAra draSTavya haiM1. racanAmUlaka vAkya vAkyaracanA ke AdhAra para vAkya ke tIna bheda hote haiM (i). sAmAnya vAkya : isameM eka uddezya hotA hai aura eka vidhey| jaise 'suyaM me aausN|' (uttara. 2/sU. 1) 'mA ya caNDAliyaM kAsI' (1/10) (ii) mizra vAkya : isameM eka mukhya upavAkya hotA hai aura usake Azrita eka yA aneka upavAkya hote haiN| udAharaNa rUpa meM kayare te khalu bAvIsaM parIsahA samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM kAsaveNaM paveiyA? (2/sU. 2) uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 225 ___ 2010_03

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(iii) saMyukta vAkya : isameM eka se adhika pradhAna upavAkya hote haiN| inake sAtha Azrita upavAkya eka yA aneka hote haiM athavA nahIM bhI hote haiN| yathA- niggaMthassa khalu itthINaM kahaM kahemANassa baMbhayArissa baMbhacere saMkA vA, kaMkhA vA, vitigicchA vA samuppajjijjA, bheyaM vA labhejA, ummAvaM vA pAuNijjA, dIhakAliyaM vA rogAyaMkaM havejjA, kevalipaNNattAo vA dhammAo bhNsejjaa| (16/sU. 4) 2. arthamUlaka vAkya artha yA bhAva kI dRSTi se vAkya ke mukhya ATha bheda kie jAte haiM - 1. vidhi vAkya-se niggNthe| (16/sU. 6) 2. niSedha vAkya-no vibhUsANuvAI hvi| (16/sU 11) 3. prazna vAkya-paDikkamaNeNaM bhaMte! jIve kiM jaNayai? (29/12) 4. anujJA vAkya-nApuTTho vAgare kiNci| (1/14) 5. sandeha vAkya-kahiM mannerisaM rUvaM, diThThapuvvaM mae purA| (19/6) 6. icchArthaka vAkya-icchiyamaNorahe turiyaM, pAvesU taM damIsarA! (22/25) 7. saMketArthaka vAkya-aNujANaha pavvaissAmi ammo! (19/10) 8. vismayArthaka vAkya-aho! bhoge asNgyaa| (20/6) ahosubhANa kammANaM nijjANaM pAvagaM im| (21/9) 3. kriyAmUlaka vAkya vAkya meM kriyA ke AdhAra para do bheda hote haiM1. kriyAyukta vAkya-- khaNaM pi na rmaamh| (19/14) 2. kriyAvihIna vAkya-'imaM sarIraM aNiccI' (19/12) 4. arthavijJAna ___ 'artha' zabda kI AtmA hai| dhvanivijJAna, padavijJAna aura vAkyavijJAna bhASA ke zarIra haiN| inameM bhASA ke bAhyapakSa kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| arthavijJAna meM zabdArtha ke Antarika pakSa kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| bhartRhari ne artha kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA 226 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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yasmiMstUccariteSzabde yadA yo'rthaH prtiiyte| tamAhurathaM tasyaiva nAnyadarthasya lkssnnm||5 zabda ke dvArA jisa artha kI pratIti hotI hai, use hI artha kahate haiN| artha kA anya lakSaNa nahIM hai| artha kA jJAna pratya yA pratIti ke rUpa meM hotA hai| pratIti ke do sAdhana haiM-Atma-pratyakSa aura pr-prtykss| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke AdhAra para zabda vizeSa ke artha meM parivartana bhI dekhA jAtA hai| artha-parivartana tIna prakAra kA hai 1. artha-vistAra (Expansion of Meaning) 2. artha-saMkoca (Contraction of Meaning) 3. 379fag (Transference of Meaning) utkarSa va apakarSa ke AdhAra para inheM bhI do bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai 1. arthotkarSa 2. arthApakarSa prastuta prasaMga meM uttarAdhyayana meM arthaparivartana kI dizAeM vivecya haiN| artha-vistAra kucha zabda mUla rUpa meM kisI vizeSa yA saMkucita artha meM prayukta hote the| bAda meM unake artha meM vistAra ho gyaa| yathA1. kusalA (12/38) kuzala zabda kA artha thA 'kuzaM lunAtIti kuzalaH' jo kuza ko kATatA hai vaha kuzala hai| kuza kA agrabhAga tIkSNa hotA hai| usase hAtha kaTane kA bhaya rahatA hai| isalie kuza lAnA caturatA kA sUcaka thaa| dhIre-dhIre kuzala zabda 'kuza lAnA' artha ko chor3akara 'caturatA', 'nipuNatA' kA artha dene lgaa| isa prakAra isake artha meM vistAra ho gyaa| 'na taM sudi8 kusalA vayaMti' (12/38)-yahAM 'kuzala' zabda dvArA dhvanita hotA hai ki jo tattvavicAraNA meM nipuNa hai vaha kuzala hai| uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 227 2010_03

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2. dAruNA gAmakaMdagA (2/25) grAmakaNTaka kA sAmAnya artha hai-grAma yAni samUha tathA kaNTaka zabda kAMTA ke lie AtA hai| para isakA artha-vistAra hokara yahAM grAma zabda indriya-samUha ke artha meM prayukta hai| grAmakaNTaka arthAt kAnoM meM kAMToM kI bhAMti cubhane vAle indriyoM ke viSaya, pratikUla zabda aadi| ye kATe isalie haiM ki ye duHkha utpanna karate hai aura mokSa mArga meM pravRtta sAdhakoM ke lie vighnakArI hote haiN|18 3. 'kAvoyA jA imA vittI' (19/33) kApotIvRtti kA sAmAnya artha kabUtara ke samAna vRtti hai| vRttikAra ne isakA artha kiyA hai- kabUtara kI taraha AjIvikA kA nirvahaNa karane vaalaa| jaise kApota dhAnyakaNa Adi ko cugate samaya nitya sazaMka rahatA hai vaise bhikSAcaryA meM pravRtta muni eSaNA Adi donoM ke prati sazaMka hotA hai| arthasaMkoca arthavistAra ke viparIta kucha zabdoM ke arthoM meM saMkoca bhI hotA hai| unakA vistRta artha saMkucita ho jAtA hai| yAska kA kahanA hai-kaI zabdoM kA vyutpattilabhya artha bahuta vistRta hai, para ye kisI vizeSa artha meM rUr3ha ho gae haiN| arthasaMkoca ke aneka udAharaNa uttarAdhyayana meM bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| yathA1. galiyasse (galyazva) (1/12) vyutpattilabhya artha kI dRSTi se 'aznute adhvAnam iti azvaH' sar3aka para calane vAle ko azva kahate haiN| arthasaMkoca ke kAraNa sar3aka para calane vAle sabhI ko azva nahIM kaha skte| yahAM bhI 'azva' zabda 'ghor3A' isa sImita artha kI abhivyakti detA hai| 2. saMsAre (3/5) saMsaranti iti sNsaarH| isakA artha hai gatizIla, sNsrnnshiil| para yaha zabda jagata, saMsAra ke artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai| 3. maNUsA (1/2) isakA artha hogA-'mananAt iti manuSyaH' manana yA cintana karane 228 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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vAle ko manuSya kahate haiN| yaha artha simaTakara manuSya jAtivAcaka nAma ho gayA, isalie cintana karane vAle aura mUrkha sabhI manuSya haiN| prastuta sandarbha meM yaha zabda manuSya-artha meM prayukta huA hai| samAsa, upasarga, pratyaya, vizeSaNa, nAmakaraNa, pAribhASikatA Adi meM bhI artha saMkoca ho jAtA hai| samAsa - sikkhAsIle (11/4) upasarga pamatte (4/5) saMgo (2/16) saMjogA (11/1) pratyaya bhoge . (20/6) vizeSaNa - cArUbhAsiNi!, sutanu! (22/37) nAmakaraNa - rAmakesavA (22/27) arthAdeza ___eka artha ke sthAna para dUsare artha kA A jAnA arthAdeza hai| arthAdeza meM prAcIna artha lupta ho jAtA hai aura usakA sthAna nayA artha le letA hai| jaise 1. egayA AsuraM kAyaM (3/3) asura kA mUla artha asu+ra (prANazaktisaMpanna) 'devatA' thA kintu bAda meM sura (devatA) kA ulTA a+sura rAkSasa artha ho gyaa| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI asura zabda isI artha ko dyotita kara rahA hai| 2. sahie (15/1), sahaI (31/5) veda meM saha dhAtu kA artha jItanA thaa| aba yaha sahana karanA, sahiSNu artha meM prayukta hotI hai| 3. 'ayaM sAhasio bhImo' (23/55) __ pahale isakA artha binA vicAre kAma karane vAlA, DAkA DAlanA, corI, vyabhicAra karanA Adi thaa| aba isakA artha 'sAhasa vAlA', 'sAhasika' uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 229 2010_03

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4. 'kuppavayaNapAsaMDI' (23/63) prAcIna sAhitya meM pASaNDa kA artha-zramaNa saMpradAya hai| yahAM vRttikAra ne isakA artha vratI kriyA hai 'pASaNDino vrtinH|'0 prastuta prasaMga meM isakA artha kisI eka saMpradAya yA vicAradhArA ko mAnane vAlA dArzanika kiyA jA sakatA hai| pAkhaNDa kA artha vartamAna meM DhoMga, dikhAvA hai| 5. rAgAure hariNamige va muddhe (32/37) ___ mugdha zabda kA mUla artha 'mUrkha' thaa| aba isakA artha mohita honA ho gayA hai| arthotkarSa ___ arthavikAsa kI uparyukta tIna dizAoM meM zabdoM meM arthaparivartana se utkarSa bhI AyA hai aura kucha arthoM meM apakarSa bhI huA hai| artha meM utkarSa Ane vAle zabdoM ko arthotkarSa kahA hai| yathA-kusalA, sAhasio aadi| arthApakarSa arthaparivartana se jahAM artha meM apakarSa (hInatA) AyA hai, unheM arthApakarSa kahA gayA hai| jaise-pAsaMDI, mnnuusaa| isa prakAra uttarAdhyayanameM artha-vijJAna ke sabhI tattva prApta haiN| bhASA aura bhAva kA avicchinna sambandha hai| racanAkAra ke bhAvoM kI saMvAhakatA meM uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta bhASA ne mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai| uttarAdhyayana na kevala dharmakathA, upadeza, AcAra aura siddhAnta kI dRSTi se upayogI hai apitu isameM bhASAvijJAna ke adhyayana ke lie bhI pracura sAmagrI prApta hai| bhASA ke viziSTa prayoga bhI upalabdha haiN| svaroM kA vikAsa, svarabhakti, samIkaraNa, viSamIkaraNa, saMjJA, sarvanAma, upasarga, kriyApada Adi kA bhI sahaja samAveza hai| arthavijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| 230 230 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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sandarbha 1. bhASAvijJAna kI bhUmikA, pR. 20 / 2. bhASA vijJAna evaM bhASA zAstra, pR. 6 / 3. mahAbhASya 1/2/29-30 4. bhASAvijJAna kI bhUmikA, pR. 206 / kAlukaumudI pUrvArdha, sU. 17/ 6. aSTAdhyAyI, 1/4/14 // 7. mahAbhASya uddhRta, bhASAvijJAna evaM bhASAzAstra, pR. 277/ 8. nirukta 1/1 // 9. prAkRtazabdAnuzAsanam, zloka 6 / 10. prAkRtalakSaNa, 1/1) 11. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 2/2 / 12. prAkRta vyAkaraNa, 1/1] 13. dezI nAmamAlA, 1/3, 4 / 14. vAkyapadIya, 1/73 / 15. 'vAkyaM syAd yogyatAkAMkSAsattiyuktaH padoccayaH' sAhitya darpaNa, 2/1 / 16. vAkyapadIya, 2/328 / 17. 'kuzalAH-tattvavicAraM prati nipuNAH' bRhRvRtti, patra 370 / 18. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR. 70 / 19. bRhadvRtti patra, 456, 457 / 20. bRhadvRtti patra, 508 / uttarAdhyayana kI bhASika saMracanA 231 ___ 2010_03

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7. nikaSa jIvana jar3a aura cetana kA saMyoga hai| cetana kArya karatA hai jar3a ke shaare| jar3a jIvanta bana jAtA hai jaba caitanya apane uddezya kI abhivyakti cAhatA hai| zabda jar3a hai, bhAva cetana hai| isIlie kahA gayA-bhASA bhAvoM kA laMgar3AtA sAM anuvAda hai| bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karane aura abhivyakti ko grahaNa karane kA mAdhyama bhASA hI hai| bhASA kI vividha vidhAoM se bhAvoM kA grahaNa aura saMpreSaNa hotA hai| paristhiti, manaHsthiti va abhivyakta hote zabdoM ke saMyoga se bhAvoM kA darzana hotA hai| bhASA vaha mAdhyama hai jisake sahAre bhAvoM kI gaharAI meM pahuMcA jA sakatA hai, vaktA kI AtmA se tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAhitya kI kisI bhI vidhA meM pAThaka va lekhaka ke bIca zabda hI vaha setu hai jo pAThaka ko lekhaka kI AtmA taka le jA sake, zabdAtmA kA darzana karA ske| samaya aura kSetra kI koI bhI sImAeM isake samparka meM bAdhaka nhiiN| kuzala sAhityakAra vahI hai jo pAThaka-cetanA kI aMgulI pakar3akara zabdoM meM nihita AtmA taka le jaae| kuzala pAThaka bhI vahI hai jo zabdoM ke sahAre AtmA taka pahuMca jaae| tathya yahI hai zabda va bhAva ke bIca eka setu ho jaanaa| zailI vaha cAbI hai jo pAThaka ko apane sAtha bahAkara anudghATita rahasyoM kA udghATana kara sake, zabdoM meM chipI AtmA kA darzana karA ske| uttarAdhyayana ke isa zailIvijJAna adhyayana meM unhIM rahasyamaya, pahelInumA tathyoM kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| __ bhAratIya saMskRti ke RSiyoM ne AtmA, paramAtmA evaM vizva ke saMbaMdha meM gahana ciMtana, manana evaM anveSaNa kiyA hai| isa khoja meM unhoMne jo kucha pAyA, AtmavikAsa evaM Atmazuddhi ke lie jo yathArtha mArga dekhA-samajhA use apane ziSyoM ko saMbodha dekara usa jJAnadhArA ko anavarata pravahamAna rakhane kA prayatna kiyaa| isa jJAna-paraMparA ko bhAratIya saMskRti meM zruta yA 232 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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zruti kahate haiN| jaina-paraMparA ke anusAra tIrthaMkara ke mukha se saMzrRta vANI ko Agama kahate haiN| bhAratIya vicAradhArA kI pratinidhi zramaNa-saMskRti evaM vaidika-saMskRti ke vizAla vAGgamaya ne bhAratIya jIvana ke aneka pakSoM ko udghATita kiyA hai| vaha hamAre deza kI eka sAMskRtika nidhi hai| zramaNa-saMskRti puruSArtha pradhAna saMskRti hai| usakA spaSTa udghoSa hai ki Atma-puruSArtha hI Atmaunnati kA, AdhyAtmika pragati kA hetu hai| kyoMki AtmA hI apane sukhaduHkha kI kartA hai aura vikartA hai| duSpravRtti meM lagI huI AtmA hI zatru hai evaM satpravRtti meM lagI huI AtmA hI mitra hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zreSThI-putra anAthI sabhI trasa-sthAvara jIvoM ke nAtha bana jAte haiN| AtmakartRtvavAda ke AdhAra para hI kSAnta, dAnta, nirArambha hokara anagAra vRtti ko svIkAra karate haiN| unakI AtmakartRtva kI udghoSaNA ina zabdoM meM mukhara hotI hai appA kattA vikattA ya duhANa ya suhANa yA appA mittamamittaM ca duppttttiysuptttthio|| uttara. 20/37 isI kA saMvAdI svara hameM upaniSad meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai AtmA vA re draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyo....... apane Apako dekho, apane ko suno, apane Apa kA manana karo, nididhyAsana kro| AtmakartRtva kA yaha siddhAMta hajAroM varSa pUrva brahmANDa meM gUMjA thA aura Aja bhI usakI dhvani-taraMge janamAnasa ko antaHpreraNA de rahI haiN| ataH Agama-sAhitya kA jJAna prApta kie binA dharmadarzana tathA bhAratIya sabhyatA evaM saMskRti kA adhyayana paripUrNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| uttarAdhyayana AgamasAhitya kA hI eka pratinidhi graMtha hai| isake viSaya vistRta evaM vividhatA lie hue haiN| ardhamAgadhI prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha uttarAdhyayana graMtha bhAratIya cintanadhArA kA navanIta apane meM saMjoye hae hai, usakA AloDana-viloDana pUrvaka sUkSma vizleSaNa apekSita hai| uttarAdhyayana ko zramaNAcAra pradhAna Agama kahakara isameM nihita anya tathyoM ko gauNa kara denA ucita nhiiN| zramaNa-jIvana meM isakI upayogitA nirvivAda hai| sAtha hI isameM varNita saMskRti, sAhitya, zailI evaM nIti ke tattva bhI anusaMdhAna ke lie prerita karate haiN| yadyapi yaha graMtha dharmakathAnuyoga ke nikaSa 233 2010_03

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aMtargata parigaNita hai, para jaina darzana sammata cAroM anuyogoM kA isameM samAveza hai| lakSya prApti ke jo sAdhana isameM nirdiSTa haiM unheM apanAkara vyakti sAdhya taka pahuMca sakatA hai| 'uttarAdhyayana zramaNa kAvya hai' isa mata se kucha vicAraka sahamata nahIM hai| zailI kI dRSTi se AdyopAnta anuzIlana ke pazcAt prazastipUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai - isakA Adi, madhya, aMta kAvyAtmaka guNoM se gumphita hai| yathA- pakkhI pattaM samAdAya niravekkho parivvae 6 / 15 pakSI apane paMkhoM ko sAtha lie ur3a jAtA hai vaise hI muni apane pAtroM ko sAtha le, nirapekSa ho, parivrajana kare / yahAM muni ke saMyamI jIvana kI viSeSatA ko lakSita karate hue anAsaktatA pradarzita karane ke bhAva racanAkAra kI bhAvabhivyaJjanA se ugIta haiN| varNana kI yaha vakra zailI kuntaka ke zabdoM meM vakratA se abhihita hai | cetana paMkhoM meM acetana bhikSA pAtra kI kalpanA lakSaNA ke camatkAra se sArthaka banI hai| zleSa para AdhArita isa pratIka meM pracchanna cintArahitatA camatkAra kA kAraNa hai| nAda - saundarya kI dRSTi se varNa - sAmaMjasya para Azrita padya-sRjana hai| yahAM ramaNIya bhAva uktivaicitrya evaM varNa-laya- saMgIta saba milakara kAvya kA sRjana kara rahe haiN| koI bhI bhAva, jisameM hamAre mana ko ramAne kI zakti ho ramaNIya hai| hamAre AcAryoM kI sthApanA - 'zabdArthau kAvyam' - ' rasAtmaka zabdArtha hI kAvya hai' (DaoN. nagendra ke sarvazreSTha nibandha, pR. 22, 25) / isa dRSTi se kAvya ke anivArya tattva ramaNIya anubhUti, uktivaicitrya, chaMda - ina sabhI kA samanvita rUpa uttarAdhyayana meM hai / kAvya ke lie anubhUti merUdaMDa hai / kavi kA anubhUti kSetra jitanA vyApaka hogA utanI hI vividhatApUrNa usakI kAvyabhASA hogii| uttarAdhyayana ke kartA ke vizAla evaM vizada anubhUti - kSetra meM prayukta abhinava prayogoM ko khojane kA prayAsa anusaMdhitsu ne kiyA hai| kavi kI nirmala medhA se sahaja prasUta kucha aise pratIka, muhAvare, upamAeM jinakA sAhitya meM pracalana nahIM ke barAbara hai, unakI khoja bhI prastuta zodha prabaMdha meM kI gaI hai| lAde (kaSTasahiSNu vyakti kA pratIka) lAr3ha eka deza kA nAma hote hue bhI yahAM kaSTa-sahiSNu ke pratIka ke 234 2010_03 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana

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rUpa meM ubharA hai| isakA kAraNa hai-mahAvIra ne lAr3ha deza meM vicaraNa kiyaa| vahAM unhoMne aneka kaSTa sahana kie the| Age calakara vaha kaSTa-sahiSNu kA pratIka bana gyaa| isI prakAra ceie vacche (nami rAjarSi kA pratIka), pattaM (bhikSApAtra kA pratIka), iMdiyacoravasse Adi pratIkAtmaka zabdoM ke viSaya meM uttarAdhyayanakAra ke aise aneka avismaraNIya avadAna haiM, jisase sAhityajagata sadA RNI rhegaa| bimba-yojanA kI dRSTi se bhI uttarAdhyayana atyanta samRddha hai| bimba ke guNa saMzliSTatA, maulikatA, sahajatA, saralatA, aucitya Adi uttarAdhyayana meM sahaja sphUrta hai| rAmacaMdra zukla kA kahanA hai kAvya meM arthagrahaNa mAtra se kAma nahIM calatA, bimba-grahaNa apekSita hotA hai| kAvya kA kAma hai kalpanA meM bimba yA mUrtabhAvanA upasthita karanA, buddhi ke sAmane koI vicAra lAnA nahIM tathA 'kavitA' meM kahI bAta citra rUpa meM hamAre sAmane AnI cAhie (cintAmaNi bhAga 2 pR. 43, 44) / ariSTanemi, rAjImatI ke zArIrika sauMdarya ke varNana ke prasaMga meM kavi kA bimba-vidhAna pAThaka ko bhI unake alaukika sauMdarya se abhibhUta kara detA hai| rAjImatI ke sauMdarya kI parikalpanA meM kavi-mAnasa ke citra meM rathanemi kI virakti ko parAbhUta kara dene kA sAmarthya najara AtA hai| kAmAsakta rathanemi ko dhikkArate hue citra rUpa meM rAjImatI upasthita ho jAtI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM aise muhAvaroM kA prayoga bhI huA hai jo kama pracalita hai jaise 'vAluyAkavale ceva nirassAe u saMjame' 'jahA dukkhaM bhareuM je hoi vAyassa kotthalo' 'jahA tulAe toleuM dukkaraM maMdaro girI' ye prayoga kavi kI kartRtvazakti evaM abhivyakti kauzala ko ujAgara kara rahe haiN| 'vaidagdhya-bhaMgI-bhaNitiH' meM vidagdhatA kA abhiprAya usa nipuNatA se hai jo kavi kI kalpanA se prasUta hotI hai| isI vidagdhatA janya vicchittipUrNa kathana yahAM vakrokti kA sarjana kara rahA hai| samrAT zreNika dvArA anAthI muni ko pUchA gayA prazna taruNo si ajjo! pavvaio, bhogakAlammi saMjayA! (20/8) isake uttara meM anAthI muni kA kathana nikaSa 235 2010_03

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aNAho mi mahArAya!, nAho majjha na vijjaI (20/9) meM kavikalpanA kI nipuNatA ukti vaicitrya ko mukhara kara rahI hai| 'nAtha' zabda yogakSema-vidhAtA kI vistRta kalpanA apane meM sameTe hue hai| aise aneka zabda uttarAdhyayana kA bhASika sauMdarya prakaTa kara rahe haiN| - bhAratIya kAvyazAstriyoM ke anusAra rasa kA bhoktA sahRdaya hai| vyakti ke bhItara supta sthAyI bhAva paristhitiyoM kA yoga pAkara rasa-nirmiti meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA karate haiN| zAMta, vIra rasa-pradhAna uttarAdhyayana kA rasa paripAka pratyeka sthiti ko sahRdaya taka pahuMcAne meM siddhahasta hai| mAsakhamaNa kI utkRSTa tapasyA ke pAraNe meM bhikSA hetu padhAre harikezI muni kI AbhA bAhmaNoM dvArA tiraskRta hone para bhI zAMtarasa kI saritA pravAhita karatI rhii| muni ko dekha jAtismRti jJAna ke pazcAt citrapaTa kI bhAMti saMsAra ke dRzyoM ko dekha mRgAputra kA zAMtarasa kA sthAyI bhAva prabala nirveda jAga utthaa| zrAmaNya kI svIkRti prApta karake hI usa sahRdaya ko AtmatoSa milaa| mRgAputra dvArA naraka Adi kA varNana bIbhatsatA ko bhI bIbhatsa banA rahA thaa| pratikSaNa AzaMkita vizva ke lie ariSTanemi kA yaha ciMtana jai majjha kAraNA ee hammihiMti bahU jiyaa| na me eyaM tu nissesaM paraloge bhvissii|| 22/19 niraMtara zAMtarasa kI saritA pravAhita kara rahA hai evaM yuga ke lie 'mitti me savvabhUesu veraM majjha na keNaI' kA abhinava saMdeza de rahA hai| uttarAdhyayana kA AlaMkArika sauMdarya jitanA svAbhAvika hai utanA hI anupama hai| aneka upamAoM se upamita bahuzruta ke upalakSaNa AMtarika zakti evaM tejasvitA ko udghATita karane vAle haiN| mRgAputra ke saMdarbha meM isa kathana ko dRSTigata kareM 'reNuyaM va paDe laggaM nidbhuNittANa niggao' (19/87) kapar3e para lagI huI dhUli kI taraha saMpatti Adi ko chor3akara mRgAputra ghara se nikala gayA sAhitya jagata meM apracalita upamAna zailIvijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| __ sAhityika sauMdarya kA vaibhava yahAM pracuratA lie hue hai| dharma-kathAtmaka AkhyAnoM meM hara mor3a kI apanI viziSTa upayogitA hai| pratyeka pAtra pUrNa rUpa 236 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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lekara upasthita hotA hai| Aja jahAM sakSama netRtva kA abhAva hai vahAM nami rAjarSi, rAjA zreNika Adi kA caritra jIvaMta-Adarza hai| prajA ke prati vaphAdAra sampUrNa mithilA nami ke pIche krandana karatI dikhAI detI hai| netRtva ke lie nami, zreNika jaise netAoM kA anukaraNa karane kI apekSA hai| __'taM neva bhujjo vi samAyarAmo' (14/20) dharma ko nahIM jAnane para mohavaza hamane pApakarma kA AcaraNa kiyA kintu 'bhRguputra aba vaha (pApakarma kA AcaraNa) nahIM kreNge|' asaMyama meM rata logoM ke lie isase aura bar3A preraNAsrota kyA ho sakatA hai? __utthAna aura patana ke cakravyUha se Ahata rathanemi ko sahI rAste para lAne meM rAjImatI kA nArItva jAga uThatA hai| ariSTanemI kA niSkramaNa mahotsava, devatAoM kA AnA isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki aise tyAgI, brahmarSioM ke caritra ke Age deva bhI namaskAra karate haiN| pratisrota meM bar3hane vAle virala puruSa gaNadhara gArgya AcAra saMpanna AcArya the| unakI ziSyasaMpadA bhI vistRta thii| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI sAmudAyikatA vikAsa ko utprerita karane vAlI hai, para unake sabhI ziSya udaMDa ho gye| vaisI paristhiti meM ziSyoM kA moha chor3a tapomArga kA svIkaraNa kara gaNadhara gArya ne vIratA kA paricaya diyaa| ziSyoM kI bhUkha sAdhanAmArga ko bhI dhUmila karatI dRSTigocara hotI hai vahAM gargagotrIya sthavira kA udAharaNa sAdhanA ke mArga meM akele calane kA bhI dRr3hatA ke sAtha AhvAna karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana kA bhASAvaijJAnika anuzIlana aneka tathyoM ke samudghATana ke sAtha bhASA ke kSetra meM navIna hai| svara-vijJAna evaM vyaMjana-vijJAna kA adhyayana svara evaM vyaMjanoM kA aneka rUpoM meM parivartana darzAtA hai| mAtrAtmaka evaM guNAtmaka parivartana ke sAtha lopa, Agama ke vibhinna rUpoM kA nidarzana, svarabhakti, viSamIkaraNa, mahAprANIkaraNa, dantyIkaraNa, vyaMjanoM kA vibhinna rUpoM meM parivartana Adhunika bhASAvijJAna ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa siddha ho sakatA hai| graMtha meM saMjJA, vizeSaNa, kriyA, avyaya Adi padoM ke rUpoM kA gahana vivecana bhI prApta hai| dhvanivijJAna, padavijJAna, vAkyavijJAna evaM arthavijJAna Adi kI dRSTi se vimarza karane para aneka tattva sAmane Ate haiN| arthavistAra, arthApakarSa, arthotkarSa Adi tattvoM kA bhI sahaja samAveza hai| aneka dezI nikaSa 237 ___ 2010_03

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zabdoM ke prayoga anusaMdhitsu ko AhvAna kara rahe haiM apane udbhava kI kahAnI btaane| anuzAsana kI muktA surakSita kaise rahe? guru-ziSya ke saMbaMdha ko madhura kaise banAyA jA sakatA hai-'viNayasuyaM' adhyayana isakA spaSTa nidarzana hai| isake dvArA anuzAsana ke mahattvapUrNa sUtra prApta kara ucchRkhalavRtti para aMkuza lagAyA jA sakatA hai, vinaya kA bodha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| cArvAka mata meM AtmA aura punarAgamana jaisA koI siddhAMta nahIM haiN| ve kahate haiM yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet| bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutH|| bhasmIbhUta deha kA punaH Agamana nahIM-isa bAta kA nirasana 'kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi' (4/3) jaisI sUktiyAM, nami (adhyayana 9), bhRguputra (adhyayana 14), mRgAputra (adhyayana 19) ke pUrvajanma kI smRti ke prasaMgoM se evaM citta-saMbhUta (adhyayana 13) ke chaH-chaH janmoM ke ghaTanAprasaMgoM se hotA hai| jAtismRti kaise hotI hai, isakA kAraNa bhI nirdiSTa haiuvasaMtamohaNijjo-mohakarma kI upazAMtatA (9/1) ajjhavasANammi sohaNe-adhyavasAna kI zuddhi (19/7) zAzvatavAdI AyuSya ko nirupakrama (kAla-mRtyu) mAnate haiN| unake anusAra 'sa puvvamevaM na labhejja pacchA' dharmAcaraNa jIvana ke prAraMbha meM hI kyoM, antakAla meM bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| zAzvatavAdiyoM ke isa mata kA nirAkaraNa karate hue uttarAdhyayanakAra kA kahanA hai ki pUrva jIvana meM pramatta rahane vAlA aMta meM viSAdagrasta hotA hai| ataH antima sAMsa taka samyak darzana, jJAna, cAritra Adi guNoM kI ArAdhanA kareM (4/9, 13) / ajJAniyoM ke akAmamaraNa evaM paNDitoM ke sakAmamaraNa kI carcA hara sajjana ko akAma-maraNa se dUra va bhaktaparijJA, iMgiNI yA prAyogapagamana meM se kisI eka ko svIkAra kara sakAmamaraNa ke lie utprerita karatI hai| maMtra aura auSadhiyoM ke vizArada zAstra-kuzala prANAcArya aneka upacAroM ke bAvajUda bhI jisa bhayaMkara vedanA ko dUra nahIM kara sake, use dUra karane kA 238 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana ___ 2010_03

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sAmarthya sat-saMkalpa meM hai-isakA spaSTa nidarzana rAjarSi nami va muni anAthI ke AkhyAna se hotA hai| yajJAdi kriyAkAMDoM meM hI dharma mAnane vAloM ke sAmane ghora parAkramI harikezI kA dRSTAnta mananIya hai| yajJa kA AdhyAtmikIkaraNa hI AdhyAtmika ArohaNa kA sopAna hai| durmata kA nigraha karane vAlI aneka gAthAeM uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta haiN| zarIra se bhinna caitanya nahIM hai| pAMca bhUtoM ke samavAya se caitanya kI utpatti aura usake alaga hote hI caitanya bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai - isa nAstika mata kAM nirasana uttarAdhyayana ke zabdoM meM no iMdiyagejjha amuttbhaavaa| amuttabhAvA vi ya hoi nicco (14/19) vratoM kI paraMparA kA srota zramaNa saMskRti hai| isa saMskRti kA Adarza hai ki vyakti apane puruSArtha ke bala para apanA uccatama utkarSa karane meM sakSama hai| 'kesigoyamijja' adhyayana ulajhe vikalpoM kA samAdhAna kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai? mana ko anuzAsita karane kA upAya kyA hai? isakI maulika udbhAvanA ke sAtha-sAtha yaha adhyayana cintana ke pariSkAra, parivarddhana ke naye AyAma udghATita karatA hai| brAhmaNa kauna? 'jannaijja' adhyayana meM vijayaghoSa aura unake sAthiyoM dvArA jijJAsA kie jAne para muni jayaghoSa brAhmaNa ke yathArtha svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate haiM jo Arya-vacana meM ramaNa karatA hai| jo trasa-sthAvara jIvoM kI mana, vacana, kAyA se hiMsA nahIM krtaa| jo krodha, hAsya, lobha yA bhaya ke kAraNa asatya nahIM bolatA-Adi guNoM se yukta vyakti hI brAhmaNa kahalAtA hai| brAhmaNa kA yaha vAstavika svarUpa yajJAdi kriyAkAMDa meM rata brAhmaNoM ko apane svarUpa kI sahI pahacAna karAne meM sakSama hai| __uttarAdhyayana kA adhyayana jIvana ke aneka pakSoM ko ujAgara kara rahA hai| pavayaNa-mAyA, sAmAyArI, caraNavihI, aNagAramaggagaI Adi adhyayana sAdhvAcAra para vistRta prakAza DAlate haiN| 'mokkhamaggagaI' meM mokSamArga kA va 'sammattaparakkame' meM sAdhanA-mArga kA suMdara nirUpaNa hai| 'jIvAjIvavibhattI' saMyama kA mUla AdhAra jIva-ajIva kA jJAna karAtA hai| kammapayaDI, lesajjhayaNaM nikaSa 239 2010_03

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Adi adhyayana tattva kI gaharAiyoM meM le jAkara sAdhanA kA patha prazasta karane vAle haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke racanA kAla meM zailIvijJAna jaisI koI adhyayanapravidhi samIkSAjagata meM udbhAvita thI yA nahIM kintu uttarAdhyayana ke zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki zailIvaijJAnika pratimAnoM kI vizada evaM sArthaka vyAkhyA uttarAdhyayana meM prApta hai| viziSTazabda-saMracanA, pratIka, bimba, sAbhiprAya vyAkaraNika vicalana, kriyA vicalana, vizeSaNa vicalana, avyaya vicalana, prabandha vicalana Adi se uttarAdhyayana paryApta samRddha hai| isI prakAra darzana, saMskRti, zailIvijJAna Adi ke tattvoM se bharapUra yaha graMtha aneka naye AyAmoM ko udghATita karane vAlA hai| upayogitA kA mAnadaMDa purAtanatA yA nUtanatA nahIM hai| jo buddhi, mana aura bhAvanAoM ko rasa se AplAvita karake, jIvana ko lakSya kI dizA meM gatizIla kara de vahI kAvya hai| kAlidAsa ke zabdoM meM purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvam, na cApi kAvyaM navamityavadyam santaH parIkSyAnyatarad bhajante, mUDhaH para pratyaneya buddhi|| uttarAdhyayana ke saMdarbha meM isa saccAI ko sAkSAt kiyA jA sakatA hai| zAzvata satya kA sphuraNa sarvajJa hI kara sakate haiN| indriya cetanA meM jIne vAle vyakti kI soca kucha sImA taka hI use grAhya kara sakatI hai| usakI soca adhyAtma ko bhI tarka va parIkSaNa kI dRSTi se dekheM yaha utkarSaka nahIM hai| isakI apekSA sarvajJa ke dvArA udAhRta patha para cala kara vaha svayaM sarvajJa bana zAzvata satya ko upalabdha kara sakatA hai, zAzvata satya kA mArga prastuta kara sakatA hai| veda kI ukti hai 'A no bhadrAH kratavo yantu vizvataH' saba dizAoM se zubha jJAna mile| uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayana se prApta zubha evaM samyak jJAna dvArA, Adhunika yuga ke vAtAvaraNa meM rahate hue bhI zramaNa-saMskRti kI AtmA se sAkSAtkAra kara hara vyakti baMdhana se mukti kI dizA meM prasthAna kara sakatA hai| sandarbha - 1. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, adhyAya-2, brAhmaNa-4, pd-5| 240 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 2010_03

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prayukta grantha-sUcI 2010_03 grantha sUcI krama 1. graMtha aMgasuttANi, bhAga-3 (paNhAvAgaraNAiM) agnipurANa lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka saM. muni nathamala saMskaraNa vi.saM. 2031 prakAzaka jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 2. vedavyAsa 3. 4. saM. vi. AcArya mahAprajJa saM. zrIrAma zarmA AcArya aNuogadArAI atharvaveda (prathama, dvitIya khaNDa) anuyogadvAra cUrNi 5. jinadAsagaNi mahattara pra.saM. 1882 kalakattA, jIvAnaMda vidyAsAgara bhaTTAcArya pra.saM. 1996 jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM paMcama saM. 1969 saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjAkutuba barelI (u.pra.) 1928 zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara sabhA, ratalAma pra.saM. 2055 zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI 400036 vi.saM. 1984 zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara sabhA, ratalAma 6. anuyogadvArasUtram cUrNi- saM. muni jambuvijaya vivRtti-vRtti vibhUSitam (prathama vibhAga) anuyogadvAra haribhadrIya vRtti haribhadra 7. 241

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242 saMskaraNa prakAzaka 2010_03 krama graMtha abhijJAna-zAkuntalam 9. amarakoSa : (rAmAnujI TIkA) 10. azruvINA 11. arastU kA kAvyazAstra lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka vyA. DaoN. zrIkRSNamaNi tripAThI haragoviMdazAstrI AcArya mahAprajJa anu. DaoN. nagendra pra.saM. 1980 2026 1957 I. caukhambA surabhAratI, vArANasI caukhaMbA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM bhAratI bhaMDAra, lIDara presa, ilAhAbAda rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, bahAlagar3ha san 1992 rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, amRtasara 12. aSTAdhyAyI (bhASya) le. brahmadatta jijJAsu prathamAvRtti (prathama bhAga) 13. aSTAdhyAyI (bhASya) prathamAvRtti le. brahmadatta jijJAsu (dvitIya bhAga) 14. aSTAdhyAyI (bhASya) lekhikA prajJAdevI prathamAvRtti (tRtIya bhAga) 15. AcArAMga cUrNi jinadAsagaNi caturtha saM. san 1989 I. caturtha saM. san 1989 I. san 1941 rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, bahAlagar3ha uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 16. AcArAMga vRtti zIlAMkAcArya saM. 1991 RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, mumbaI bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI DaoN. kedAranAthasiMha 17. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba-vidhAna 1971

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krama graMtha lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka saMskaraNa 2010_03 grantha sUcI prakAzaka jAgamodaya samiti, mumbaI bhadrabAhu san 1928 18. Avazyaka niyukti 19. itivRttaka 20. uttarajjhayaNANi (bhAga-1) 21. uttarajjhayaNANi (bhAga-2) 22. uttararAmacaritam 23. uttarAdhyayana eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 24. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi (uttarAdhyayanAni) 25. uttarAdhyayana TIkA saM.vi. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa saM.vi. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa saM. janArdanazAstrI pANDeya saM. vi. muni nathamala zrI gopAlagaNi mahattaraziSya dvi.saM. 1992 jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM dvi.saM. 1993 jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM punamudraNa 1993 motIlAla banArasIdAsa janavarI, 1968 jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kolakAtA-1 saM. 1989 RSabhadevI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratnapura (mAlavA) saM. 1973 devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saM. 1972, 73 devacaMdra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra bhaNDAgAra saMsthA, bambaI saM. 1972, 73 devacaMdra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra bhANDAgAra saMsthA, mumbaI zAntyAcArya bhadrabAhu 26. uttarAdhyayana niyukti (bhAga 1-3) 27. uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti vAdivetAla zrI zAntisUri bhANDAgA 243

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244 2010_03 krama graMtha 28. Rgveda lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka maharSi dayAnanda sarasvatI saMskaraNa prakAzaka agasta 1999 sArvadezika Arya pratinidhi sabhA, naI dillI-2 pra.saM. san 1983 bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI 29. karpUramaJjarI 30. kaSAyapAhuDa (jayadhavalA TIkA sahita) prathama adhikAra 31. kaThopaniSad rAjazekhara, vyA. DaoN. sudarzanalAla jaina saM. paM. phUlacandra mahendrakumAra, paM. kailAzacanda saMzodhita kai. prA. 'rAjavADe uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 32. kAdambarI (pUrvArddham) 33. kAlu-kaumudI 34. kAvyaprakAza (dvitIya bhAga) saM. mohanadeva panta muni zrI cauthamalajI saM. zrI gaurInAtha zAstrI dvitIya AvRtti bhA.di. jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA vi. saM. 2030 aSTama AvRtti Ananda Azrama 1977 punarmudraNa 1996 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI Adarza sAhitya saMgha, saradArazahara vi.saM. 2038 sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI 1971 nezanala pabliziMga hAUsa, naI dillI san 1965 bihAra rASTra bhASA pariSada, paTanA 4 35. kAvyabimba DaoN. nagendra 36. kAvyamImAMsA rAjazekhara, anu. kedAranAtha zarmA

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krama graMtha lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka saMskaraNa prakAzaka 2010_03 grantha sUcI 37. kAvyazAstra 38. kAvyAlaMkAra DaoN. bhagIrathamizra zrI bhAmaha 1985 vAmana 39. kAvyAlaMkAra sUtravRtti 40. kirAtArjunIyam 1953 vi.saM. 2024 vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI caukhambA saMskRta sIrija oNphisa vidyAvilAsa presa, banArasa siTI nirNaya sAgara presa, mumbaI caukhaMbA sIrija oNphisa, vArANasI zrIyuta vAvu bhuvanacandra vasAka kolakAtA mahAkavi bhAravI 41. kumArasambhavam (saplamasargAntam) mahAkavi kAlidAsa ca. saM. 1291 nirNayasAgara presa, mumbaI 42. gItA rahasya 43. cANakyanIti darpaNa 44. cANakyasUtrANi 45. cintAmaNi (bhAga-2) 46. chanda:kaumudI (hindI bhASA TIkA sahita) 47. chandazAstra lokamAnyatilaka AcArya cANakya AcArya cANakya DaoN. rAmacandra zukla paM. nArAyaNazAstrI khiste 1965 iNDiyana presa pablikezansa saMskRta sAhitya prakAzana mandira, kAzI caukhaMbA oriyaMTAliyA, vArANasI 245 piMgala AcArya 1986

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246 2010_03 krama graMtha 48. chandomaJjarI 49. chandomandAkinI 50. jJAnArNava 51. DaoN. nagendra ke sarvazreSTha nibaMdha 52. tattvArtha rAjavArtika (pra. bhAga) lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka saMskaraNa prakAzaka saM. anaMtarAmazAstrI chaThThA saM. vi. caukhambA saMskRta sIrija saM. 2026 oNphisa, vArANasI zrIguruprasAdazAstri saMskartA tRtIyAvRtti 1950 bhArgava pustakAlaya, gAyaghATa, AcArya sItArAmazAstrI banArasa-1 anu. paM. bAlacandrajI zAstrI san 1977 jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura saM. bhAratabhUSaNa agravAla pra.saM. mArca 1962 rAjapAla eNDa sansa, dillI bhaTTa akalaMka, ca.saM. 1993 bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana saM. pro. mahendrakumAra jaina yuvAcArya mahAprajJa 1983 jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM saM. muni zrIcandra 'kamala' sAnuvAda-zAGkarabhASya sahita navama saM. gItApresa, gorakhapura saMvat 2036 anu. bhikSu dharmaratna ema.e. pra. mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha, banArasa 53. tulasI-maJjarI uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 54. taittirIyopaniSad 55. theragAthA

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prakAzaka 2010_03 grantha sUcI krama graMtha 56. dazarUpakam saMskaraNa saM. 1994 sAhitya bhaNDAra, meraTha-2 san 1973 dvi. saM. 1974 57. dazavaikAlika cUrNi 58. dasaveAliyaM 59. dasaveAliyaM taha uttarajjhayaNANi 60. dasaveAliya sutta 61. dezI nAmamAlA prAkRta grantha pariSada jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA 3, porcugIja carca sTrITa, kolakAtA lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka zrIdhanaJjaya viracita, saM. DaoN. zrI nivAsazAstrI agastyasiMha saM. vi. muni nathamala vAcanA pramukha A. tulasI, saM. muni nathamala DaoN. zubiMga saM. Ara. pizela san 1938 DaoN. bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana Anandavardhana, anu. AcArya vizvezvara AnaMdavardhana, vyAkhyA. le. DaoN. rAmasAgara saM. vive. AcArya mahAprajJa dUsarA saM. bombe saMskRta sIrija 17, saMskRta vibhAga chaTThA saM. 1993 buddhabhUmi prakAzana, nAgapura saMvat vi.2028 jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa, vArANasI 62. dhammapadaM 63. dhvanyAloka 64. dhvanyAloka (dvitIya udyota) punarmudraNa, 1989 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI 65. naMdI 247 prathama saM. akTUbara,1997 jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM (rAja.)

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248 krama graMtha lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka saMskaraNa prakAzaka ___ 2010_03 66. nATyazAstram 67. nighaNTu tathA nirukta 68. nizItha cUrNi paJcarAtra 70. paTisammidAmaggo 71. padampurANa (prathama bhAga) saM. paM. baTukanAthazarmA tathA paM. baladeva upAdhyAya saM. lakSmaNasarUpa jinadAsa mahattara bhAsa, sI.Ara. devadhara dvitIya saM. caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vi.saM. 2037 vArANasI punarmudraNa 1985 motIlAla banArasIdAsa san 1957 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA oriyanTala buka ejensI, pUnA pra.saM. 1992 bhAratIya jJAnapITha AcArya ravisena saMpA. anu. DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, sAhityAcArya piMgala AcArya 72. prAkRtapaiMgalam (bhAga-1) 1959 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 73. prAkRtalakSaNa caNDa san 1929 prAkRta TeksTala sosAyaTI, vArANasI-5 zrI satyavijaya jainagranthamAlA, ahamadAbAda divyajyoti kAryAlaya, byAvara jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura 74. prAkRta vyAkaraNa 75. prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana 76. pANinIya zikSA hemacandra trivikramadeva saM. pI.ela. vaidya AcArya pANini saM. 2016 san 1954

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saMskaraNa prakAzaka ___ 2010_03 grantha sUcI pra.saM. 1995 anurAga prakAzana, naI dillI krama graMtha lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka 77. prAmANika hindI koza rAmacanda varmA 78. bhavAnIprasAda mizra kI kAvyabhASA DaoN. nIlama kAlaDA kA zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana 79. bhAratIya sAhitya zAstrakoza DaoN. rAjavaMza sahAya 'hIrA' bhASAvijJAna evaM bhASAzAstra DaoN. kapiladeva dvivedI 81. bhASAvijJAna kI bhUmikA devendranAtha zarmA 8 . . 82. bhikSunyAyakarNikA 83. manusmRti AcArya tulasI, saM. muni nathamala saM. paM. gopAlazAstrI nene pra.saM. 1973 bihAra hindI graMtha akAdamI, paTanA pra.saM. 1980 vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI saM. 1986 rAdhAkRSNa prakAzana, dariyAgaMja, dillI pra.saM. 1970 Adarza sAhitya saMgha dvitIya saM. caukhambA saMskRta sIrija saMvat 2026 oNphisa, vArANasI san 1980 svAdhyAya maNDala, bhArata mudraNAlaya pAraDI (ji. balasADa) saMvat 2034 svAdhyAya maNDala, pAraDI balasADa) 1992 rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, sonIpata (hariyANA) 84. mahAbhArata (zAntiparva) dUsarA bhAga mahAbhArata (sauptika parva strI parva) 86. mahAbhASyam saM. DaoN. paM. zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavalekara pra. saM. DaoN. paM. zrIpAda, dAmodara sAtavalekara pataMjali muni, vyA. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka 249

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250 2010_03 87. krama graMtha . muNDakopaniSad 88. mRcchakaTikam meghadUta 90. medinIkoza 91. yajurveda 92. yogazAstra lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka sAnuvAda zAMkarabhASyasahita saM. DaoN. zrInivAsazAstrI DaoN. abhayamizra (bhAvAnuvAda) saM. paM. jagannAthazAstrI zrIpAda zarmA saatvlekr| hemacandrAcArya, gujarAtI bhASAMtara paM. zrAvaka hIrAlAla mahAkavi kAlidAsa saM. bhaTTamathurAnAtha zAstrI bhAnudatta saMskaraNa prakAzaka dazama saM. 2026 gItApresa, gorakhapura aSTama saM. 1996 sAhityabhaMDAra, meraTha varSa 1987 anubhUti prakAzana, ilAhAbAda tR. saM. 2024 caukhaMbA saMskRta oNphisa, vArANasI 1957 svAdhyAya maMDala, pAraDI san 1899 nirNayasAgara mudrAyaMtra san 1948 nirNasAgara mudraNAlaya, mumbaI-2 punarmudraNa 1988 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana 93. raghuvaMzam rasagaGgAdhara 95. rasataraMgiNI 96. rItikAlIna alaMkAra sAhitya kA zAstrIya vivecana 97. rIti vijJAna 98. vakroktijIvitam DaoN. vidyAnivAsa mizra (saMpA.) zrImad rAjAnakakuntaka saMzodhita zrI suzIlakumAra de 1973 zaka. 1883 rAdhAkRSNa prakAzana, naI dillI kolakAtA

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2010_03 grantha sUcI krama graMtha 99. vAkyapadIyam (prathama bhAga) lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka bhartRhari, saM. DaoN. bhAgIratha prasAda tripAThI saM. baladeva upAdhyAya saMskaraNa dvi.saM. 1976 100. vAkyapadIyam (dvitIya bhAga) 1968 san 1957 1960 prakAzaka sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI jJAnamaMDala limiTeDa, vArANasI jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kolakAtA-1 divyadarzana kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI vakIla kezavalAla premacanda, ahamadAbAda 101. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra vAgbhaTa 102. vAGgamayArNava paM. rAmAvatAra zarmA 103. vinIta avinIta kI caupAI (bhikSu AcArya bhikSu, grantha ratnAkAra, khaMDa 1) saM. AcAryazrI tulasI 104. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa 105. vRtta ratnAkara zrI bhaTTakedAraviracita 106. vyavahArabhASya TIkA vIra saM. 2489 tR.saM. 1972 san 1926 107. zAstrIya samIkSA ke siddhAMta 108. zIla kI navabAr3a anu. vi. zrIcanda rAmapuriyA govinda triguNAyata AcArya bhikSu, 1961 jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kolakAtA-1 251

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252 saMskaraNa prakAzaka 2010_03 lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka karuNApati tripAThI DaoN. gaNapaticandra gupta DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI DaoN. nagendra DaoN. ravindranAtha zrIvAstava 1960 1971 1977 1979 1972 sAhityagraMtha kAryAlaya, banArasa nezanala pabliziMga hAUsa, dillI zabdakAra, dillI nezanala pabliziMga hAUsa, dillI kendrIya hindI saMsthAna, AgarA krama graMtha 109. zailI 110. zailI ke siddhAnta 111. zailIvijJAna 112. zailIvijJAna 113. zailIvijJAna aura AlocanA kI naI bhUmikA 114. zailIvijJAna kA svarUpa 115. zailI vaijJAnika AlocanA ke pratidarza 116. zramaNa (mAsika patra) 117. zramaNa-sUtra 118. zrIpramANanayatattvAloka DaoN. guptezvaranAtha upAdhyAya DaoN. kRSNakumAra zarmA 1976 1975 vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI saMghI prakAzana, jayapura uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana saM. kRSNacandrAcArya upAdhyAya amaramuni saM. zrIhimAMzuvijaya dvi.saM. 1966 vi.saM. 1989 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI 5 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA zrIvijayadharmasUri granthamAlA ujjaina (mAlavA) gItA presa, gorakhapura gItA presa, gorakhapura saM. 2033 119. zrImadbhagavadgItA 120. zrImad bhAgavata (purANa) zrI sUtajI

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2010_03 grantha sUcI 253 graMtha krama 121. zrImadbhAgavata kI stutiyoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 122. zrutabodha 123. saMskRta dhAtukoSaH vistRta bhASArtha- sahitaH 124. saMskRta-hindI koza 125. samavAo 126. samIkSAzAstra 127. samIkSA - siddhAMta 128. sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNam 129. sAhityadarpaNa lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya mahAkavi kAlidAsa saMzodhita zrI gaurInAtha pAThaka saM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka vAmana zivarAma ApTe saM. vive. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa sItArAma caturvedI DaoN. rAmaprakAza bhojadevakRta, vyA. DaoN. kAmezvaranAtha mizra vizvanAtha vyA. AcArya kRSNamohanazAstrI saMskaraNa pra.sa. 1994 vi.saM. 2046 dvi.saM. 1969 pra. saM. 1984 vi.saM. 2010 1973 pra. saM. 1992 tRtIya saM. vi.saM. 2023 prakAzaka jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU~ zAradA saMskRta graMthamAlA, vArANasI mantrI rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa bahAlagar3ha ( sonIpata - hariyANA ) motIlAla banArasIdAsa pablizarsa prA. limi., dillI jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU~ akhila bhAratIya vikrama pariSad, kAzI Arya buka Dipo, naI dillI caukhaMbA oriyaMTAliyA, vArANasI caukhambA saMskRta sIrija oNphisa, vArANasI - 1

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254 ____ 2010_03 saMskaraNa vi.saM. 2014 krama graMtha 130. sAhitya samAlocanA 131. sAhityAlocana 132. sAhityika nibandha lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA DaoN. zyAmasundara dAsa le. DaoN. gaNapaticandra gupta dvi.saM. 1962 prakAzaka dillI bhavana, ilAhAbAda iNDiyana presa prA. limi., prayAga azoka prakAzana, naI sar3aka, dillI-6 AtmArAma eNDa sansa, dillI bhikSu saMgharatna sAranAtha, banArasa 133. siddhAnta aura adhyayana 134. suttanipAta gulAbarAya anu. bhikSu dharmaratna 1954 prathama saM. I. san 1951 san 1975 135. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi prathama zrutaskaMdha 136. sUtrakRtAMga hindI TIkA 137. saundaranandaM mahAkAvyam san 1919 vyA. AcArya jagadIzacandra mizra pra.saM. 1991 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI-vaijJAnika adhyayana prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, vArANasI Agamodaya samiti, mumbaI caukhambA surabhAratI prakAzana, vArANasI seTha mANakalAla cunnIlAla, ahamadAbAda kaoNleja buka senTara, jayapura-3 138. sthAnAMga TIkA san 1937 139. svapnavAsavadattam . mahAkavi bhAsa

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saMskaraNa prakAzaka ___ 2010_03 grantha sUcI lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka le. DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI / krama graMtha 140. haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana 141. harSacaritam (1-4 ucchavAsAtmaka pUrvabhAga) 142. harSa ratnAvalI 143. hindI muhAvarAkoza 144. hindI vakroktijIvita prAkRta jaina zAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI mujaphpharapura motIlAla banArasIdAsa pra.saM. 1984 zrImad bANabhaTTa, vyA. zrI mohanadevapanta esa. rAMgAcArI DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI DaoN. nagendra 12/4 saM. 1984 1955 I. saMskRta sAhitya sadana, maisUra sTAra buka senTara, naI dillI AtmArAma eNDa sansa, kazmIrI geTa, dillI jJAnamaMDala li., banArasa bhAratI presa pablikezana, ilAhAbAda vi.saM. 2025 san 1959 145. hindI sAhitya koza, bhAga-1 146. hindI semeTiksa 147. Buffon 148. Encyclopedia Britami ca-12 149. History of Indian :: Literature (Vol. II) haradeva bAharI Discourse of style William 1768 . Benten Publisher, London M. Winternitz 1933 University of Calcutta .255

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2010_03 256 uttarAdhyayana kA zailI - vaijJAnika adhyayana krama graMtha 150. Imagery and what it tell us 151. Poetic Process 152. The Brhadaranyaka Upanisad 153. The Problem of style 154. The Uttaradhyayana Sutra 155. Style lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka Shakespear Whalley, G. Murry, J. Middleton Jarl Charpentier Walter Raleigh saMskaraNa 1966 Third Edition, April 79 E. 1922 First Ed. 1980 E. 1918 prakAzaka Cambridge at University Press Sri Ramakrishna Math Mylapore, Madras Humphery Milford, Oxford University press, London Ajay Book Service, New Delhi-110002 London, Edward Arnlod, 41 D 43 Maddox Street Bond St. W.

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uttarAdhyayana Agama sAhitya ke adhyayana kI janmakhUTI hai| yaha AjIvana poSaNa dene vAlA hai| prAcArya mahAprajJa ahiMsA sambA vibhayobhakA jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) 2010_03