Dvadashar Naychakra ka Darshanik Adhyayana

Author(s): Jitendra B Shah
Publisher: Shrutratnakar Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001955/1

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dvAdazAra nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana - DaoN. jitendra bI. zAha / saMyukta prakAzaka zrutaratnAkara, ahamadAbAda zrI jinakAntisAgarasUri smAraka TrasTa, mAMDavalA ITERNALGETTORGETRaon HOHYDEResbhUBALDMII www.alielpaNDTEL

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dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana DaoN0 jitendra bI0 zAha prakAzaka zrutaratnAkara evaM zrI jinakAntisAgarasUri smAraka TrasTa, mANDavalA

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dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana DaoN0 jitendra bI0 zAha prakAzaka zrutaratnAkara evaM zrI jinakAntisAgarasUri smAraka TrasTa, mANDalavA Arthika saujanya zrI jinakAntisAgarasUri smAraka TrasTa, jahAjamandira jilA Fax mANDavalA 343042 jAlora (rAjasthAna ) 02973-256107 - vi0 saM0 2064 IsvI san 2008 pratiyA~ : 500 mUlya : 200 /- rupaye

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prakAzakIya tArkika ziromaNi A0 mallavAdI kRta dvAdazAra - nayacakra eka praur3ha dArzanika grantha hai / isameM prAyaH sabhI dArzanika paramparAoM kI carcA kI gaI hai / isa grantha meM kaI aise dArzanika siddhAnta haiM jo Aja luptaprAyaH ho gae haiM / luptaprAyaH darzana ke siddhAnta kevala isI grantha meM prApta hote haiM / ataH yaha grantha dArzanika sAhitya kA eka anupama grantha hai / isa grantha kI A0 siMhasUri ne TIkA racI hai / TIkA- grantha bhI utanA hI praur3ha hai jitanA mUla grantha / durbhAgya se sadiyoM pUrva mUla grantha naSTa ho gayA thA / isake naSTa hone ke aneka sAhityika prAmANa hameM prApta hote haiM / kintu A0 siMhasUri racita vRtti abhI bhI upalabdha hai / isI TIkA ko AdhAra banAkara mUla grantha kA punargaThana karane kA prayAsa pUrva kiyA gayA thA / darzanaprabhAvaka munizrI jambUvijayajI ne athaka prayatna karake mUla grantha kA punargaThana kiyA hai / prastuta grantha jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, gujarAta se prakAzita huA hai / isI grantha ko AdhAra banAkara maiMne banArasa meM saMzodhana kArya kiyA / mUla grantha TIkA ke sAtha par3hane meM mukhya rUpa se svAmI yogIndrAnandajI tathA anya vidvAna paNDitoM kA sahayoga prApta huA / zodhaprabandha meM mujhe pro0 zrI sAgaramalajI jaina evaM pro0 revatI ramaNa pANDeyajI kA bhI pUrNa sahayoga prApta huA / ina saba kI kRpA se merA zodha-prabandha -

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sampanna ho sakA / prastuta kArya meM mujhe apane mitroM kA bhI sahayoga milaa| una sabhI kA maiM hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ / dvAdazAra - nayacakra atyanta kliSTa grantha hone ke kAraNa evaM aneka luptavAdoM kA saMgraha hone ke kAraNa isa grantha kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana eka hI zodha-prabandha meM samAviSTa karanA atyanta kaThina thA / ataH maiMne kevala mukhya vAdoM ko hI prastuta grantha meM samAviSTa kiyA hai| isa grantha ke adhyayana ko prastuta karake mujhe kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya (BHU) vArANasI dvArA Ph.D. kI upAdhi prApta huI / isake lie maiM vizvavidyAlaya kAzI kA atyanta AbhArI hU~ / zodhakArya sampanna hone ke pazcAt mere mana meM isI grantha kA vistRta adhyayana karake zodha-prabandha ko adhika samRddha karane kI icchA thI / ataH prakAzana - kArya ke lie aneka vAra bAteM uThIM tathApi maiM hamezA zodhaprabandha prakAzita karane kI bAta ko TAlatA rahA / eka dina mere mitra dhanavantabhAI kA phona AyA aura unhoMne mujhe zodha-prabandha prakAzita karane hetu protsAhita kiyA / itanA hI nahIM zodha-prabandha prakAzana ke kharca kA bhI prabandha karane kI bAta kahI / yadyapi zodha-prabandha prakAzita karane kA sArA kharca zrutaratnAkara TrasTa ne vahana karane kI bAta kI thI / ataH mujhe dhanavanta bhAI ko saharSa manA karanA par3A / kintu prakAzana ke lie unhoMne mujhe protsAhita kiyA isake lie maiM dhanavantabhAI kA atyanta AbhArI hU~ / grantha meM jainadarzana ke naya ke siddhAnta ko anUThe DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai / sAmAnyataH do - pA~ca-chaha evaM sAta nayoM kI saMkhyA pracalita hai kintu yahA~ granthakAra ne bAraha nayoM kA vibhAjana kiyA hai| nayoM ke nAma bhI alaga hI haiM / vidhi-niyama - ubhaya ina tIna ko milAkara bAraha nayoM kA kathana kiyA hai / ina bAraha nayoM kA samanvaya sAta pracalita nayoM ke sAtha kiyA hai / tathApi granthakAra ne eka nayA hI DhaMga apanAyA hai / yaha DhaMga kisI bhI dArzanika ke lie mArgadarzaka bana sakatA hai / yaha grantha I

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kevala jainadarzana kA hI grantha nahIM hai apitu jo koI samadRSTi pUrvaka bhAratIya darzanoM kA adhyayana karanA cAhatA hai usake lie nitAnta paThanIya hai| isa grantha ke adhyayana se bhAratIya darzana kI vibhinna dhArAoM kA jJAna prApta hotA hai| pU. upAdhyAya maNiprabha sAgarajI ma. sA. tathA pU. sAdhvI zrI vidyutprabhAzrIjI ma. sA. kA bhI maiM atyaMta AbhArI hU~, jinhoMne prastuta graMtha ke prakAzana ke lie zrI jinakAntisAgarasUri smAraka TrasTa, mANDavalA ko preraNA dI, jisake phala svarUpa yaha graMtha prakAzita ho rahA hai / isakA prakAzana jijJAsuoM ko upayogI siddha hogaa| prakAzana-kArya meM sahayoga karane ke lie maiM sabhI mitroM kA evaM vizeSa rUpa se akhilezabhAI, mRgezabhAI, uttamasiMha, maniSAbahana, riddhIzabhAI, evaM gautamabhAI kA AbhArI hU~ / jinhoMne prakAzana-kArya meM paryApta sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| jitendra bI. zAha

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prAkkathana bhAratIya-darzana paramparA meM zramaNa-paramparA kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai / vartamAna meM zramaNa-paramparA ke jo darzana upalabdha haiM unameM pramukha rUpa se cArvAka, bauddha aura jainadarzanoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / zramaNa-paramparA kA yaha vaiziSTya rahA hai ki usane darzana ko AsthAoM se mukta hokara tArkika AdhAra para prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / ataH aneka naye vicAroM kA AviSkAra huA / bhAratIya dArzanika cintana kI jo vividha dhArAe~ astitva meM AI unake bIca samanvaya sthApita karane kA kAma jainadarzana ne apane nayavAda ke mAdhyama se kiyA / nayavAda jainadarzana kA mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta hai / nayoM kA ullekha prAcIna AgamoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| nayavAda ke dvArA jaina dArzanikoM ne syAdavAda evaM anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta kA vivecana kiyA hai / nayavAda ke cintana meM kramika vikAsa huA hai / isa vikAsakrama meM nayacakra kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| nayacakra meM nayoM kA hI vivecana hai kintu pracalita paramparA se bhinna zailI meM hI nayoM kA vivecana prApta hotA hai ataH nayacakra kA apanA vaiziSTya hai / ___ paramparAgata zailI meM sAta nayoM kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai, vahIM nayacakra meM bAraha nayoM kA vivecana prApta hotA hai / ye bAraha naya vidhi evaM niyama aise do zabdoM ke AdhAra para banAe~ haiM / inhIM bAraha nayoM meM tatkAlIna samasta bhAratIya darzana ke siddhAntoM ko samAhita kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI pratyeka siddhAnta kI usake virodhI siddhAnta ke dvArA samAlocanA karavAI hai / kramazaH eka-eka dArzanika avadhAraNA kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai aura usa-usa

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dArzanika avadhAraNA kA usakI virodhI dArzanika avadhAraNA ke dvArA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / isa grantha meM jainadarzana kI sthiti kevala taTastha dRSTA yA nyAyAdhIza kI hai jo tattadvAdoM kI khaNDana-maNDana kI prakriyA kA dRSTA hotA hai aura anta meM yaha kahA hai ki sabhI darzana apane-apane dRSTikoNa se satya hote hue bhI jaba ve ekAntavAdI ho jAte haiM taba ve sabhI mithyA ho jAte haiM / jaba sabhI darzanoM kA samanvaya hotA hai tabhI samyak darzana banatA hai| aura yahI samyak darzana hI jainadarzana hai / isa prakAra nayoM ke dvArA jainadarzana sammata anekAntavAda kI siddhi kI gaI hai / prastuta zailI kA anusaraNa nayacakra ke atirikta anya jainadArzanika granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / nayoM kI nayacakra meM varNita zailI kA bhI anusaraNa pazcAtvartI anya jainadarzana ke granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / pUrvavartI granthoM meM bhI vidhi evaM niyama ke vibhinna vibhAjana karake nayoM kA varNana karanevAlI zailI dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra nayacakra kA zailIgat vaiziSTaya hai / prastuta grantha 12-13vIM zatI meM naSTa ho gayA hogA aisA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai / isakI ekamAtra siMhasenasUri kI TIkA ke AdhAra para isa grantha ko punaH saMkalita kiyA gayA hai / yaha satya hai ki abhI isa grantha ke kucha aMza truTita haiM tathApi muni jambUvijayajI ke athaka parizrama se isa grantha kA adhikAMza bhAga punaH saMkalita ho pAyA hai / isI ko AdhAra banAkara hamane apane zodhaprabandha kA kArya kiyA hai / isa zodhaprabandha meM dvAdaza adhyAya haiM / ina adhyAyoM kA pratipAdya viSaya nimnokta hai : zodhaprabandha ke prathama adhyAya meM jaina dArzanika paramparA ke vikAsa kA itihAsa dete hue usameM prastuta grantha aura granthakAra kA kyA sthAna hai ise spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI sAtha isameM mallavAdI ke jIvana, samaya Adi para bhI vicAra kiyA hai aura adhyAya ke anta meM grantha kI viSaya-vastu ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa zodhaprabandha kA dUsarA adhyAya buddhivAda aura anubhavavAda kI

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samasyA se sambandhita hai| AcArya mallavAdI kA yaha vaiziSTya hai ki unhoMne prathama ara meM Anubhavika AdhAroM para sthita dArzanika matoM, jinheM paramparAgata meM ajJAnavAdI kahA jAtA hai, kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai aura phira dUsare ara meM tarka-buddhi ke AdhAra para una anubhavavAdI mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA prastuta kI hai| prastuta zodhaprabandha kA tRtIya adhyAya sRSTi ke kAraNa kI samasyA se sambandhita hai / isa adhyAya meM AcArya mallavAdI ke dvArA prastuta apane yuga kI jagat-vaicitraya ke kAraNa sambandhoM, kAraNavAdoM yathA-kAla, svabhAva, niyati, bhAva, (cetanA), yadracchA eva karma Adi kA prastutIkaraNa aura usakI samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai| caturtha adhyAya mukhya rUpa se nyAya darzana kI Izvara sambandhI avadhAraNA ke prastutIkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha usakI samIkSA ke rUpa meM Izvara kI sRSTikartRtva kI samAlocanA prastuta karatA hai| zodhaprabandha kA paJcama adhyAya sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA se sambandhita hai / usameM mukhya rUpa se nityavAda, anityavAda aura nityAnityavAda kI sat sambandhI avadhAraNAoM kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA kI gaI hai / sAtha hI isameM paramasattA ke cita-acit tathA eka-aneka hone ke prazna ko bhI uThAyA gayA hai / jJAtavya hai ki mallavAdI jahA~ eka ora sat sambandhI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM ko prastuta karate haiM vahIM dUsarI aura usakI samIkSA karate hue unake doSoM ko bhI spaSTa kara dete haiM / zodhaprabandha kA SaSTham adhyAya dravya, guNa, paryAya aura usake pArasparika sambandha tathA svarUpa kI samasyA ko prastuta karatA hai / isa adhyAya kA vivecya bindu dravya, guNa aura paryAya kI pArasparika bhinnatA aura abhinnatA ko lekara hai| saptama adhyAya meM kriyAvAda evaM akriyAvAda ke viSaya meM carcA karate hue AcArya mallavAdI dvArA prastuta avadhAraNAoM ko aura usakI samIkSA ko prastuta kiyA hai|

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12 hamane isa prabandha ke aSTama adhyAya meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke sambandha meM mallavAdI ke dvArA prastuta avadhAraNAoM ko aura usakI samIkSA ko prastuta kiyA hai / navama adhyAya mukhya rUpa se AtmA ke astitva aura usake svarUpa kI samasyA se sambandhita hai / isa adhyAya meM bhAratIya darzana kI AtmA sambandhI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM ke siMhAvalokana ke sAtha-sAtha unakI samIkSA bhI prastuta kI gaI hai / dasaveM adhyAya meM mallavAdI dvArA prastuta zabda aura artha ke pArasparika sambandha aura usa yuga ke vibhinna matavAdoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai / gyArahavA~ adhyAya zabda kI vAcyatA - sAmarthya yA vaktavyatA aura avaktavyatA kI carcA karatA hai / sattA kI nirvacanIyatA aura anirvacanIyatA sambandhI vibhinna mata aura unakI samIkSA hI isa adhyAya kA vivecya bindu hai / dvAdaza adhyAya meM jainoM kI naya vargIkaraNa kI zailI kI vivecanA ke sAtha-sAtha yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki nayacakra meM kisa prakAra paramparAgata zailI kA parityAga karake naI zailI kI udbhAvanA kI gaI hai / -zodhaprabandha ke anta meM upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM grantha meM prastuta vibhinna dArzanika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM nayacakra ke avadAna ko sthApita kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra isa zodhaprabandha meM hamane bhAratIya darzana kI vibhinna dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kA mallavAdI ke dvAdazAra nayacakra ke pariprekSya meM eka mUlyAkaMna kiyA hai / isa zodhaprabandha meM hamane kevala unhIM samasyAoM para vicAra kiyA hai. jo mallavAdI ke yuga meM arthAt pA~cavI zatAbdI meM upalabdha thIM / yaha sambhava hai ki paravartI kucha dArzanika samasyAoM ko isameM sthAna na milA ho kintu isakA kAraNa zodha - viSaya kI apanI sImA hai /

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kAraNa zodha-viSaya kI apanI sImA hai / paM0 zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne hI isa viSaya para kArya karane kI preraNA dI, samaya-samaya para sUcana evaM mArgadarzana diyA jisake lie meM apanI kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| pro0 sAgaramala jaina nirdezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI kA sadaiva AbhArI rahU~gA jinake nirdezana meM prastuta zodhaprabandha kA kArya sampanna huA / jinhoMne hara samaya mahattvapUrNa nirdezana, vAtsalyabharI preraNA tathA durUha evaM zuSka viSaya ko samajhane evaM prastuta karane kI kSamatA pradAna kI tathA ahiMdIbhASI hone ke kAraNa bhASAkIya doSoM se bhare lekhana ko parimArjita kara prastuta karane yogya banAyA / ataH maiM sadA hI unakA RNI rhuuNgaa| vibhAgAdhyakSa evaM saha-nirdezaka pro0 revatIramaNa pANDeya ke prati apanI kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~ jinhoMne mere adhyayana kArya meM sadaiva sahayoga pradAna kiyA aura isa zodhakArya ko yathAzIghra pUrNa karane kI sadA preraNA dI hai / unakA sneha aura sahayoga merA sambala rahA hai| apane sahayogiyoM evaM mitroM meM DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha, DaoN0 mukularAja mehatA, DaoN0 rajjanakumAra, DaoN. sunItAjI, DaoN0 dhanaMjaya Adi kA bhI AbhArI huuN| jinake sahayoga ne mere zodhakArya ko pUrNa karane meM gati pradAna kI hai| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke pustakAlayAdhikArI zrI omaprakAza siMha kA AbhArI hU~, jinhoMne zodhakArya meM yathAyogya sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai| zodhakArya ke TaMkaNakartA zrI jayazaMkara pANDeya, evaM zodhakArya meM pratyakSa yA parokSa sahayoga denevAle sabhI kA AbhArI hU~ / svargIya pitA zrI bAbulAla zAha tathA pUjyanIyA mAtAzrI muktAbena ke upakAra, preraNA evaM AzIrvAdoM kA hI phala yaha zodhaprabandha hai / ataH maiM unako bhI hRdayapUrvaka apanI kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~ / vidyAzrama parivAra kA AbhArI rahU~gA tathA mAtRsadRzA guru mAtA kI bhAvanAoM ne zodhakArya ko saMbala diyA ataH maiM unakA kRtajJa hU~ / jitendra bAbulAla zAha

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anukrama prathama adhyAya dvitIya adhyAya tRtIya adhyAya caturtha adhyAya paJcama adhyAya SaSTha adhyAya saptama adhyAya aSTama adhyAya navama adhyAya dazama adhyAya ekAdaza adhyAya dvAdaza adhyAya anukramaNikA viSaya jainadArzanika paramparA kA itihAsa mallavAdI aura unakA grantha dvAdazAra nayacakra anubhava aura buddhivAda kI samasyA kAraNavAda Izvara kI avadhAraNA sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA dravya-guNa- paryAya kA sambandha kriyAvAda - akriyAvAda sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI samasyA AtmA kI avadhAraNA zabdArtha sambandha kI samasyA sattA kI vAcyatA kA prazna naya vibhAjana upasaMhAra sandarbhagranthasUcI saMketAkSara-sUcI pRSTha saMkhyA 47 58 83 93 112 123 137 146 155 163 173 186 198 207

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prathama adhyAya jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa (AcArya mallavAdI paryanta) / bhArata meM prAcIna kAla se hI dArzanika cintana kI dhArA pravAhita hotI rahI hai / vaidika sAhitya meM prApta dArzanika vicAroM ke AdhAra para hI bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA kA itihAsa ati prAcIna siddha hotA hai / bhAratIya darzana paramparA meM mukhya tIna vicAradhArAoM kA udbhava evaM vikAsa huA-(1) vaidika paramparA (2) bauddha paramparA evaM (3) jaina paramparA / ina tInoM paramparAoM ke dArzanika sAhitya meM eka-dUsare ke vicAroM kA prabhAva spaSTa rUpa se pratIta hotA hai / bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA meM jahA~ apane mata kA sthApana karane kI zailI rahI hai, vahIM anya darzana ke siddhAntoM ko pUrvapakSa meM rakhakara unakI truTiyoM yA kamiyoM ko dikhAkara una-una matoM kA khaNDana karane kI zailI bhI rahI hai / isa zailI ke kAraNa eka ora apane siddhAnta ko sthApita karane ke lie naI yukti-prayuktiyoM kA udbhava hotA rahA, vahIM akATya tarkoM dvArA anya darzanakAroM ke matoM kA khaNDana karane kI bhI pravRtti rahI / isI kAraNa pUrvokta tInoM paramparAoM ke dArzanika sAhitya kA khaNDana-maNDana kI ina pravRttiyoM ke dvArA vikAsa hotA rahA hai / jaina dArzanika sAhitya meM dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA sthAna kyA hai ise samajhane ke lie jaina dArzanika cintana kI paramparA kA avalokana Avazyaka hai /

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dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ne jaina dArzanika sAhitya ke vikAsa ko tIna yugoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / ve isa prakAra haiM I (1) Agama-yuga, (2) saMskRtapraveza yA anekAntasthApana - yuga, aura (3) nyAya- pramANasthApana- - yuga |1 isI vibhAjana ko kucha parimArjita karate hue paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne jaina dArzanika sAhitya ke vikAsa ko cAra yugoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / pUrvokta tIna yuga evaM caturtha navya nyAya yuga / isa prakAra unhoMne dArzanika paramparA ke sAhitya ko cAra yugoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / 2 paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne kAla - vibhAjana isa prakAra kiyA hai :(1) Agama-yuga :- bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se lekara karIba eka hajAra varSa kA arthAt vi0 pA~cavIM zatI taka kA samaya (2) anekAntavyavasthA-yuga :- vi0 pA~cavIM zatI se AThavIM taka kA samaya / (3) pramANavyavasthA - yuga :- vi0 AThavIM se satrahavIM zatI taka kA samaya, aura (4) navyanyAya - yuga :- vikrama satrahavIM zatI se Adhunika samaya paryanta / 3 Agamayuga bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA saMgraha karake gaNadhara bhagavaMto ne prAkRtabhASA meM aMgoM kI racanA kI / ve grantha aMga Agama kahalAe / gaNadharoM 1. pramANamImAMsA, prastAvanA - pR0 12. 2. jaina dArzanika sAhitya ke vikAsa kI rUparekhA, pR0 1. 3. vahI, pR0 1. 4. vahI, pR0 2.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa ke alAvA anya sthaviroM ne ziSyoM ke hitArtha tathA apanI anubhUti ke AdhAra para pUrvokta aMga Agama ko samajhane ke lie anya granthoM kI bhI racanA kI jo upAMga, prakIrNaka, cheda, mUla aura cUlikA sUtra ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / isa yuga meM pUrvokta zAstroM kI bhASA prAkRta rahI / isa yuga meM prameya nirUpaNa AcAralakSI hone ke kAraNa usameM svamata pradarzana kA bhAva hai / isa yuga kA pradhAna lakSaNa jar3a-cetana ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistRta varNana tathA ahiMsAsaMyama-tapa Adi AcAroM kA nirUpaNa karanA hai / arthAt isa yuga ko hama svamata sthApana yuga bhI kaha sakate haiM / Agama meM tatkAlIna sabhI vidyAoM kA samAveza huA hai / sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, prajJApanA, rAjapraznIya, jIvAjIvAbhigama, nandI evaM anuyoga meM dArzanika carcA upalabdha hotI hai / sUtrakRtAMga yaha dvitIya aMga Agama hai / AcArAMga ke bAda prAcIna AgamoM meM sUtrakRtAMga kI ginatI hotI hai / AgamoM meM sabase pahale sUtrakRtAMga meM hI dArzanika carcA prApta hotI hai / isameM svamata - paramatoM, jIva, ajIva, puNya, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha, mokSa Adi tattvoM ke viSaya meM nirdeza hai / kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda tathA unake prabhedoM kA varNana milatA hai / taduparAnta bhUtavAdI, skandhavAdI, ekAtmavAdI, niyativAdI Adi matAvalambiyoM kI carcA AtI hai / jagat kartRtva kI carcA karate hue vibhinna vAdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura jagat devakRta, IzvarakRta yA brahmAdikRta hai aisI mAnyatAoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / AtmA dehasvarUpa nahIM hai vaha deha se bhinna hai aisA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / ekAtmavAda yA advaitavAda kA nirAkaraNa karake nAnAtmavAda kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai / 1. vistRta vivecana ke lie dRSTavya jaina dArzanika sAhitya ke vikAsa kI rUparekhA / 2. pramANamImAMsA, prastAvanA, pR0 13. 3. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 1, pR0 172. m

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana sthAnAMga tathA samavAyAMgasUtra ina donoM aMga AgamoM meM tattvasaMkhyA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / inameM jJAna, pramANa, naya, nikSepa Adi kA saMkSepa meM saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, tathA prabhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kintu vizeSa vivecana upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / bhagavatIsUtra isa paJcama aMga-Agama meM aneka viSayoM kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai / gautamasvAmI (bhagavAn mahAvIrasvAmI ke ziSya) prazna karate haiM aura bha0 mahAvIra usake uttara dete haiM / praznottara zailI meM upalabdha prastuta grantha meM jIva kA svarUpa, pudgala kA svarUpa, asti-nAsti avaktavyavAda, jagat ke svarUpa Adi ke viSaya meM carcA upalabdha hotI hai / kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda evaM vinayavAda kA varNana bhI prApta hotA hai tathA niyativAdI gozAlaka ke viSaya meM bhI vizeSa carcA prApta hotI hai / isa prakAra prastuta aMga-Agama meM aneka dArzanika carcAe~ prApta hotI haiN| nandIsUtra apekSAkRta yaha paravartI Agama hai / isameM jainadarzana mAnya pA~ca jJAnamatijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJA, mana:paryavajJAna tathA kevalajJAna viSayaka vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| anuyogadvArasUtra prastuta Agama meM pramANa, naya evaM nikSepa kI vyAkhyA evaM usake bhedoM ke viSaya meM vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / prajJApanAsUtra prastuta Agama meM AtmA tathA AtmA ke jJAna viSayaka carcA upalabdha hotI hai|

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa jIvAbhigamasUtra isa Agama grantha meM jIva ke bheda-prabhedoM kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai / rAjapraznIyasUtra isa grantha meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke sAdhu kezI evaM pradezI nAmaka nAstika rAjA kA saMvAda hai / pradezI rAjA ne jIva ke astitva sambandhI anekAneka saMzaya khar3e kie haiM aura una pratyeka saMzaya ke sayuktika uttara kezI dvArA die gae haiN| isa prakAra prastuta Agama grantha meM jIvasiddhi kI gaI hai| rAjapraznIyasUtra ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI Agama granthoM meM svamata kA sthApana karane kA hI prayAsa rahA hai / praznottara zailI meM race gae granthoM meM bhI tarkazailI kA abhAva hI mAluma par3atA hai / jIvAdi padArthoM kA lakSaNa evaM unake bheda-prabheda kI zailI hI pradhAna nahI haiN| isa prakAra pUrvokta AgamoM meM jIva aura jagat ke svarUpa kA cintana kiyA gayA hai / Agama sAhitya kI bhASA bhI loka-bhogya prAkRta rahI hai / ukta padArthoM kA lakSaNa karanA aura usake bhedoM kA varNana karanA hI AgamoM kA lakSya haiM / sarvatra vivaraNAtmaka zailI kA hI anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai / anya matoM kA vivecana bhI prApta hotA hai aura unake siddhAntoM ke nirAkaraNa kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai tathApi tarkazailI kA abhAva hai / saMkSepa meM dArzanika zailI kI durUhatA to Agamika granthoM meM hai hI nahIM / tatvArthasUtra aura bhASya- jainadarzana meM yaha pahalA sUtrAtmaka evaM saMskRta bhASA nibaddha grantha hai / A0 umAsvAti viracita prastuta grantha meM jIvAdi nava tattvoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / Agamika sAhitya ati vistRta evaM viSayoM ke bheda-prabhedAtmaka varNanoM se yukta haiM tathA jIvAdi padArthoM kA varNana bhI yatra-tatra vikIrNa hai / ataH jainadarzana ke sAra ko darzAnevAle eka grantha kI AvazyaktA thI jisakI pUrti vAcaka umAsvAti ne kI / isameM jainadarzana ke tatvoM kA vivecana kiyA

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana gayA hai / una-una tattvoM ke lakSaNa, vibhAga evaM svarUpa kA varNana hai, tathApi isameM bhI dArzanika yuga kI khaNDana-maNDana pravRtti kA abhAva hI hai / svopajJa bhASya meM bhI jainadarzana ke atirikta anya darzanoM ke viSaya meM koI vizeSa carcA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai / prastuta laghu grantha meM jainadarzana kA sAra samAviSTa hone ke kAraNa bAda meM sabhI jaina paramparAoM ko-zvetAmbara, digambara Adi ko samAna rUpa se mAnya huA aura donoM paramparAoM meM isa grantha ke Upara aneka TIkAoM kI racanA bhI huI / anekAntasthApana yuga Agama yuga meM jaina pramANazAstra yA nyAyazAstra kI pUrNa vyavasthA nahIM ho pAI thI, tathA tadviSayaka svatantra sAhitya kA nirmANa bhI nahIM ho pAyA thA / dUsarI ora nAgArjuna, asaMga, vasubandhu aura diGnAga ne bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA ko eka naI gati pradAna kI / nAgArjuna ne zUnyavAda tathA asaMga aura vasubandhu ne vijJAnavAda kI sthApanA karake sabhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM ko apane siddhAnta kA rakSaNa karane hetu cintana karane ke lie bAdhya kara diyA / diGnAga ne pramANazAstra kI racanA kI aura zUnyavAda kA samarthana bhI kiyA / ina dArzanika vicArAdhArAoM ke kAraNa anya naiyAyika, sAMkhya, mImAMsaka Adi ne bhI apane pakSa ko sthira karane para vizeSa bala diyaa| prastuta dArzanika saMgharSa kA prabhAva jainadarzana para bhI par3A / jaina dArzanikoM ne pUrvokta dArzanikoM se lAbha uThAkara apane anekAntavAda kI sthApanA karane kA prayAsa kiyA / sarvaprathama nayavAda ko vyavasthita svarUpa pradAna karane kA prayAsa AcArya siddhasena ne kiyA / apane samaya taka ke dArzanika siddhAntoM ko Agama sammata nayavAda meM samanvita karake anekAntavAda kI tArkika sthApanA kI / AcArya siddhasena ke do grantha upalabdha hote haiM-(1) sanmati-tarka aura (2) dvAtriMzat-dvAtriMzikA / sanmati-tarkasUtra Agama meM nayavAda kA vivecana thA hI tathA nikSepa evaM dravya, kSetra, kAla 1. jaina dArzanika sAhitya ke vikAsa kI rUparekhA, pR0 4.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa aura bhAva se padArtha kA vicAra karane kI bAta bhI Agama meM varNita thI / ina vicAroM kA AdhAra lekara usameM vibhinna dArzanikoM ke mata ko nayoM meM sthApita kiyA tathA unako jainadarzana ke hI aMga mAnakara vibhinna nayoM kA varNana kiyaa| una sabhI nayoM kA samUha hI jainadarzana hai, aisA sanmati-tarkasUtra meM siddha kiyA / isa prakAra anekAntavAda sthApana kiyA / dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikAe~ prastuta battIsiyoM meM pramukha rUpa se bhagavAn kI stuti kI gaI hai / stuti dvArA svadarzana mAnya siddhAntoM kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai tathA anya darzana bhI nayAtmaka hI haiM aisA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isameM vaidika siddhAntoM, nyAya darzana ke, sAMkhya darzana ke, vaizeSika darzana ke, bauddha darzana ke aura niyativAda ke siddhAnta kA varNana bhI prApta hotA hai| ina sabhI vAdoM ko nayavAdoM meM samAviSTa kiyA / yathA-advaitavAdiyoM kI dRSTi ko unhoMne jaina saMmata saMgraha-naya kahA, kSaNikavAdI bauddhoM kA samAveza RjusUtra-naya meM kiyA, sAMkhya dRSTi kA samAveza dravyArthika-naya meM kiyA / paryAyArthika tathA dravyArthika-naya ke samanvita rUpa meM nyAya-vaizeSika kA samAveza kiyA / isa prakAra AcArya siddhasena ne sabhI dArzanika paramparAoM ko jainadarzana ke nayavAda meM sthApita karake anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kI / bhedavAdI aura abhedavAdI darzanoM kI samAlocanA karake samasta darzanoM ke pratIta honevAle virodhoM ko avAstavika ThaharAyA aura kahA ki apekSA-bheda se hI bheda yA abheda ho sakatA hai / vastuta: vastu to anekAntAtmaka hI hai| do mithyA vAdoM kA milanA hI syAdvAda hai, phira bhI samyag hai / kyoMki syAdvAda meM paraspara virodhI vAdoM kA samanvaya hotA hai ata: virodha samApta ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra virodhI vAdoM kA samanvaya karane kA sarvaprathama prayAsa AcArya siddhasena ne kiyA / dvAdazAra-nayacakra prastuta grantha ke kartA AcArya mallavAdI haiM / AcArya siddhasena ne anya

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana matoM kA nayavAda meM sthApana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hI thA aura Agama meM anekAntavAda ke aneka bIja par3e hue the, una sabakA tathA apane kAla taka ke samasta dArzanika paramparAoM kA gahana abhyAsa karake AcArya mallavAdI ne anekAntavAda kI sthApanA apane hI DhaMga se kI hai jo jainadarzana meM anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| . AcArya mallavAdI ne samasta bhAratIya darzanoM ko eka cakra kI kalpanA karake usameM samAviSTa kara diyA / tadanusAra eka ke bAda eka siddhAnta kA varNana AtA jAtA hai / pUrva-pUrva siddhAntoM kA khaNDana uttara-uttara siddhAnta karatA jAtA hai / ataH pUrva-pUrva kI apekSA uttara-uttara pakSa-siddhAnta prabala lagatA hai tathApi antima vAda ke bAda prathama vAda A hI jAtA hai aura vaha antima vAda kA khaNDana kara detA hai isa prakAra cakra kI taraha yaha paramparA cAlU hI rahatI hai| isameM sabhI sabala aura sabhI durbala haiM yA eka apekSA se eka vAda sabala hai aura dUsarA nirbala hai, vahIM dUsarI apekSA se vahI prathama vAda durbala aura dUsarA vAda sabala siddha hotA hai / isa prakAra syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai / AcArya mallavAdI ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki yaha cakra hI jainadarzana hai / jaise cakra kA koI eka ara kucha kara nahIM sakatA vaise hI kisI eka dRSTi se tattva kA vicAra karane para vastutattva kA yathArtha bodha nahIM hotA hai / vastu tattva kA yathArtha bodha karane ke lie to samasta dRSTiyoM se vicAra karanA cAhie aura vahI jainadarzana hai / isa prakAra AcArya ne syAdvAda kA sthApana kiyA hai / isa grantha ke Upara AcArya siMhasUri ne sAtavIM sadI ke pUrvArdha meM 18000 zloka pramANa TIkA likhI hai| isameM bhI sabhI vAdoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa mahattvapUrNa grantha kA bAda ke koI jainAcAryoM ne upayoga nahIM kiyA, yaha eka Azcarya kA viSaya hai / hamArA vivecya grantha dvAdazAra-nayacakra hai, ataH tatpazcAt dArzanika vikAsa ke viSaya meM yahA~ vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA haiM /

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa . AcArya mallavAdI (jIvana paricaya) AcArya mallavAdI jainadarzana ke prasiddha dArzanika AcArya haiM / nayacakra TIkAkAra siMhasUri (lagabhaga 8vIM zatI) ne AcArya mallavAdI ke lie likhA hai ki : jayati nayacakranirjitaniHzeSavipakSacakravikrAntaH / zrImallavAdisUrirjinavacananabhastalavivasvAn // arthAt nayacakra svarUpa cakra ke dvArA jisane samasta syAdvAda virodhiyoM ko parAjita kara diyA hai, aise jinavacana svarUpI AkAza meM sUrya ke samAna AcArya mallavAdI vijayavanta haiM / isa zloka ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki AcArya mallavAdI nayoM ke dvArA samasta vAdiyoM ko parAsta karane meM kuzala the / apane mata kI siddhi ke lie yuktiyoM ke durbhedya vyUha kI upasthiti karake prakhara vAdiyoM ko bhI vAdayuddha meM harA dete the, isI kAraNa jainadarzana meM vAdI-prabhAvaka ke rUpa meM AcArya mallavAdI kA nAma suprasiddha hai| A0 mallavAdI ke jIvana ke viSaya meM hameM prabhAvaka-caritra evaM prabandhAtmaka sAhitya meM ullekha milatA hai / 2 / A0 mallavAdI kA gRhasthAvasthA kA nAma malla thA / mAtA kA nAma durlabhadevI thA / do bar3e bhAI jinayaza evaM yakSa the. / ve gujarAta meM valabhIpura nAmaka nagara ke rahanevAle the / 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM TIkA, pR0 1. 2. AcArya zrI mallavAdI sUrikathA-bhadrezvarasUri kRta kahAvalI meM, - mallavAdikathAnakam-prabandha-catuSTya meM, - mallavAdisUricaritam-prabhAvaka carita meM, -- zrImallavAdiprabandhaH-prabandhakoza meM, - mallavAdiprabandhaH-prabandhacintAmaNi meM / uparinirdiSTa sabhI granthoM meM varNita mallavAdI kI kathA ko dvAdazAraM nayacakraM ke tRtIya bhAga ke caturtha pariziSTa meM saMgrahIta kiyA gayA hai / dvAdazAraM nayacakra, pR0 904-917

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10 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana malla ke mAmA jinAnanda jainAcArya the aura bharuca meM buddhAnanda nAmaka bauddha AcArya ke sAtha vAda meM parAjita hone ke kAraNa ve valabhIpura gae, vahA~ unhoMne apanI bahana durlabhadevI ko jinayaza Adi tInoM putroM ke sAtha jainadharma kI dIkSA dI thI / jinAnanda ne tInoM ko par3hAkara vidvAna bnaayaa| ekabAra jinAnanda tIrthayAtrA ke lie gae / taba niSedha karane para bhI muni malla ne pUrvagata zrutamaya nayacakra grantha ko par3hA, prastuta grantha kI prathama kArikA par3hane ke bAda soca hI rahe the ki unake hAtha se zrutadevatA ne vaha pustaka adRzya rUpa se khIMca lI / malla muni ko bahuta pazcAtApa huA kintu usase koI lAbha nahIM huA, ata: vaha girakhaNDa nAmaka parvata guphA meM jAkara zrutadevatA kI ArAdhanA karane baiTha gae / do-do upavAsa aura pAraNA meM kevala rUkSavAla (gujarAta meM honevAlA eka dhAnya vizeSa) kA bhojana karake zrutadevatA kI ArAdhanA zurU kI / cAra mAsa taka isa prakAra kA tapa karane ke pazcAt pAraNA meM ghRtAdi snigda padArtha bhI grahaNa karane lage / eka bAra zrutadevatA ne parIkSA karane ke lie pUchA ki miSTa kyA ? muni ne uttara diyA vAla (dhAnya vishess)| itanI hI bAta hote zrutadevatA ne carcA samApta kara dI / tatpazcAt chaha mahine bAda zrutadevatA ne punaH acAnaka hI prazna pUchA ki kisake sAtha ? isa prazna kA uttara muni ne chaha mahine pUrva pUche gae prazna ke sAtha anusaMdhAna karake turanta hI diyA kI gur3a aura ghI ke sAtha arthAt gur3a aura ghI ke sAtha vAla (dhAnya vizeSa) madhura lagatA hai / muni kI dhAraNA-zakti se saMtuSTa hokara devI ne vara mA~gane ko kahA taba muni ne kahA mujhe vaha pustaka punaH pradAna kI jAye / taba devI ne kahA ki pUrvokta nayacakra grantha to puna: lauTA nahIM sakatI kintu jo eka zloka Apane par3hA hai usase Apa nayA nayacakra kA granthana kara pAyeMge / aisA kahakara devI antardhyAna (adRzya) ho gayI / tatpazcAt muni malla ne ArAdhanA samApta karake daza hajAra zloka pramANa nayA nayacakra bnaayaa| kAlAntara meM guru jinAnandasUri jaba vApasa lauTe taba 1. nayacakraM navaM tena zlokAyutamitaM kRtam / prAggranthArthaprakAzanena sarvopAdeyatAM yayau // 34 / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pariziSTha-4, pR0 910.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa 11 unhoMne malla kI vizeSa yogyatA dekhakara unheM AcArya pada para AsIna kiyA / ekadA malla muni ne sunA ki apane guru zrI jinAnanda ko bharuca nAmaka nagara meM bauddhoM ne harAyA thA / yaha bAta sunakara AcArya malla ne valabhI se bharuca kI ora vihAra kiyA / vahA~ jAkara unhoMne apane guru ke pratispardhI bauddha AcArya bauddhAnanda se vAda kiyA aura usako hraayaa| apane guru ko sammAnUparvaka bharuca nagara meM praveza karavAyA / guru zrI jinAnandajI aura jainasaMgha AcArya malla kI jIta se Anandita hue / isa prasaMga ke pazcAt mallasUri vAdI ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue / AcArya mallavAdI ne nayacakra ke alAvA 24000 zloka pramANa padmacarita nAmaka rAmAyaNa kI racana kI thI / 2 kiMvadantI ke anusAra mallavAdI se parAjita buddhAnanda marakara vyaMtaradeva huA thA / pUrva ke dveSa se mallavAdI kRta nayacakra aura padmacarita ko naSTa kara die / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki prabhAvaka caritakAra ke samaya meM ukta donoM grantha naSTa ho cuke the / pU0 kalyANavijayajI kA kahanA hai ki A0 mallavAdI ke ukta grantha bauddhoM ke dvArA naSTa ho gae the / * prabandha-granthoM meM mallavAdI kI mAtA durlabhadevI ko vallabhI ke rAjA zIlAditya kI bahana mAnakara pUrvokta mahAvAdI ko zIlAditya kA bhA~jA ThaharAyA hai, tathA bauddhoM ke sAtha mallavAdI kA vAda zrI zIlAditya kI sabhA meM batAyA jAtA hai 14 1. mallAcArya iti zrutvA lIlayA siMhavat sthiraH / gambhIragIrbharaM prAha dhvastagarvo dviSannRNAm // 49 // dvAdazAraM nayacakraM pariziSTha, pR0 910. vahI, pR0 911. 2. zrIpadmacaritaM nAma rAmAyaNamudAharat / caturviMzatiretasya sahasA granthamAnataH // 70 // 3. buddhAnandastadA mRtvA vipakSavyantaro'jani / jinazAsana - vidveSi-prAnta - kAlamaterasau // 72 // tena prAgvairatastasya granthadvayamadhiSThitam / vidyate pustakasthaM tat vAcituM sa na yacchati // 73 // 4. prabhAvakacarita, prastAvanA, pR0 56. 5. prabandhakoza - zrI mallavAdI prabandhaH zlo. 23-27. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM pR0 911. "

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana mallavAdI nAmaka anya AcArya uparokta do granthoM ke atirikta dharmottaraTippanaka nAmaka grantha AcArya mallavAdI ke nAma se prApta hotA hai / kintu prastuta mallavAdI nayacakrakAra mallavAdI se bhinna haiM / isa viSaya meM munizrI kalyANavijayajI kA kahanA hai ki-allarAjA kI sabhA ke vAdI zrI nandaka guru ke kahane se mallavAdI ke jyeSTha bhrAtA jinayaza ne pramANagrantha banAyA thA / kintu ukta allabhUpa vardhamAnasUri kAlIna bhuvanapAla ke pitA allarAjA vikrama kI dasavIM zatI meM vidyamAna hone cAhie~ tathA abhayadevasUri ke guru pradyumnasUri ne allarAjA kI sabhA meM digambarAcArya ko parAjita kiyA thA aisA ullekha milatA hai / isa taraha AcArya pradyumnasUri ke samakAlIna allarAjA kA astitva dasavIM zatI meM siddha hotA hai / vizeSa AcArya siMhasUri ke prabandha meM mallavAdI ke bauddha vijaya ko sUcita karanevAlI eka AryA milatI hai / tadanusAra mallavAdI ne vIra nirvANa saMvat 884 vi0 saM0 414 meM bauddhoM ko parAjita kiyA / 2 isa taraha mallavAdI ko vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatI meM hue mAnane para usake bhAI allarAjA ke vAdI zrI nandaka ke samakAlIna saMbhavita nahIM haiM / ina paraspara virodhAtmaka bAtoM ko dekhakara yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nayacakrakAra AcArya mallavAdI aura dharmottara TippaNakAra mallavAdI bhinna haiM / bauddha AcArya zrI laghudharmottara kA samaya vikrama saMvat 508 kA mAnA jAtA hai ataH unake grantha ke Upara TippaNa likhanevAle AcArya mallavAdI kA samaya nizcaya hI dazavIM zatI ke anta meM saMbhavita hotA hai / ata: hameM yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki laghudharmottara TippaNakAra AcArya mallavAdI aura nayacakrakAra mallavAdI bhinna haiM / 1. prabhAvakacaritra, prastAvanA, pR0 56-57 2. zrIvIravatsarAdatha zatASTake caturazItisaMyukte / jigye sa mallavAdI bauddhAMstavyantarAMzcApi // 83 / / prabhAvakacaritra- vijayasiMhasUricarita meM / 3. prabhAvakacaritra, prastAvanA, pR0 57.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa AcArya mallavAdI kA samaya AcArya mallavAdI ne nayacakra meM apane samaya aura paramparA ke viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / TIkAkAra AcArya siMhasUri ne bhI AcArya mallavAdI ke samaya ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM likhA hai / ataH AcArya mallavAdI kA samaya nirdhAraNa karane ke lie hameM anya granthoM aura grantha ke antargata carcita vAdoM para hI nirbhara honA par3atA hai / AcArya haribhadrasUri ne apane anekAnta jayapatAkA nAmaka grantha meM vAdi- mukhya mallavAdI kRta sanmati TIkA kA ullekha kiyA hai / muni jinavijayajI ne anekAneka pramANoM se haribhadrasUri kA samaya vikrama kIAThavIM zatAbdI siddha kiyA hai / ataH mallavAdI isase pahale ke vidvAna haiM / AcArya vidyAnandana ne apane zlokavArtika ke nayavivaraNa nAmaka prakaraNa ke anta meM nayacakra kA havAlA diyA hai aura vidyAnanda vikrama kI navIM zatAbdI meM hue haiM yaha bhI prAyaH nizcita-sA hai / ataH mallavAdI ke samaya kI uttarAvadhi aSTama zatI ke pUrva nirdhArita hotI hai / jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ne apane mahAn grantha vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jo vikrama saMvat 666 meM banakara pUrNa huA, aura apane hI laghu grantha vizeSaNavatI meM sanmatitarka ke TIkAkAra AcArya mallavAdI ke upayoga- yuga-padyavAda kI samAlocanA kI hai / isase tathA AcArya mallavAdI kRta dvAdazAra - nayacakra kI TIkA meM upalabdha mUlapATha meM siddhasena divAkara jI kA sUcana milatA hai tathA jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa kA sUcana nahIM milatA hai ata: A0 mallavAdI A0 jinabhadra ke pUrvavartI aura A0 siddhasena ke uttaravartI siddha hote haiN| A0 mallavAdI ko yadi vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM mAna liyA jAya to A0 siddhasena divAkara kA samaya jo pA~cavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai vaha adhika saMgata lagatA hai| aisA paM0 zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA jI ke mata ko jugala kizora mukhtAra jI ne apane sanmatisUtra aura siddhasena nAmaka lekha meM uddhRta kiyA hai / 3 1. uktaM ca vAdimukhyena zrI mallavAdinA sammato / anekAnta - jayapatAkA, pR0 58. 2. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 168-169, 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza, pR0 549. 13

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dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana vikramIya gyArahavIM sadI ke AcArya abhayadeva kI sanmatiTIkA meM yugapat, ayugapat aura abhedavAda ke puraskartAoM ke nAma kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai / kramavAda ke puraskartA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa haiM, yugapatvAda ke puraskartA ke rUpa meM AcArya mallavAdI kA nAma sUcita kiyA hai aura abhedavAda ke puraskartA ke rUpa meM AcArya siddhasena kA ullekha kiyA hai / kintu paM0 sukhalAlajI kA kahanA hai ki abhI hamane usa sAre saTIka nayacakra kA avalokana karake dekhA to usameM kahIM bhI kevalajJAna aura kevala darzana ke sambandha meM pracalita vAdoM para thor3I bhI carcA nahIM milI / yaha bAta to sahI hai ki nayacakra meM kevalajJAna aura kevala - darzana ke kramavAda, yugapadvAda aura abhedavAda para koI carcA nahIM hai / ataH usake AdhAra para A0 mallavAdI kA samaya nirdhAraNa karanA kaThina hai, kintu yadi A0 mallavAdI ne kevalI ke upayoga sambandhI ina vAdoM kI koI carcA kI thI jo abhayadeva ke sAmane rahI hogI / vaha kisI anya grantha meM hogI yA naSTa hue nayacakra ke aMza meM maujUda hogI / isIlie paM0 sukhalAlajI ne yaha kalpanA kI hai ki A0 mallavAdI kA koI anya yugapad-vAda samarthaka choTAbar3A grantha A0 abhayadeva ke sAmane rahA hogaa| paM0 jugalakizora mukhtArajI ukta donoM vidvAnoM ke matoM kI AlocanA karate hue likhate haiM ki A0 mallavAdI kA A0 jinabhadra se pUrvavartI honA prathama to siddha nahIM hai, siddha hotA bhI to unheM A0 jinabhadra ke samakAlIna vRddha mAnakara athavA 25 yA 50 varSa pahale mAnakara bhI usa pUrvavartitva ko caritArtha kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI sAtha ve A0 abhayadeva ko A0 mallavAdI ke yugapadvAda ke puraskartA batalAnA bhrAnta mAnate haiM / sAtha hI nayacakra meM bhartRhari kA nAmollekha aura bhartRhari ke mata ke khaNDana ke AdhAra para evaM cInI yAtrI itsiMga ke yAtrA - vivaraNa meM bhartRhari ullekha ke AdhAra para nayacakra kA samaya I0 san 600 se 650 (vi0 saM0 657-707) 14 1. sanmatitarka TIkA, pR0 608. 2. jJAnabindu prakaraNa- prastAvanA, pR0 61. 3. jJAnabindu, pR0 61. 4. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza, pR0 550. 5. vahI, pR0 551.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa ke pazcAt hI mAnate haiN| Age calakara ve kahate haiM ki itsiMga ne jaba san 691 meM apanA yAtrA vRttAnta likhA taba bhartRhari kA dehAvasAna hue 40 varSa bIta cuke the| aura vaha usa samaya kA prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa thA / aisI hAlAta meM A0 mallavAdI A0 jinabhadra se pUrvavartI nahIM kahe jA sakate / ukta samaya kI dRSTi se ve (A0 mallavAdI) vikrama kI prAyaH AThavIM-navamI zatAbdI ke vidvAn ho sakate haiM aura taba unakA vyaktitva nyAyabindu kI dharmottara TIkA para TippaNa likhanevAle A0 mallavAdI ke sAtha eka bhI ho sakatA hai| mukhtArajI apane mata kI puSTi ke lie kahate haiM kI vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna prabhAcandra ne apane prabhAvakacarita ke vijayasiMha sUri prabandha meM bauddhoM aura unake vyantaroM ko bAda meM jItane kA jo samaya A0 mallavAdI kA vIravatsara se 884 varSa bAda kA arthAt vi0 saM0 414 diyA hai usameM jarUra kucha bhUla huI hai / DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidya ne nyAyAvatAra kI prastAvanA meM isa bhUla athavA galatI kA kAraNa zrI vIra vikramAt ke sthAna para zrI vIravatsarAt pAThAntara kA ho jAnA sujhAyA hai / isa sujhAva ke anusAra paNDitajI A0 mallavAdI kA samaya vi0 saM0 884 taka le jAte haiM / isa taraha mukhtArajI ke anusAra A0 mallavAdI kA samaya bahuta hI uttarakAla meM calA jAtA hai| - uparokta carcA meM vidvAn zrI mukhtArajI ne jo niSkarSa nikAlA hai usako svIkAra karane para aneka visaMvAda upasthita honA sambhava hai / kyoMki mallavAdI ko navama zatI ke vidvAna mAnane para TIkAkAra A0 siMhasUri tathA A0 haribhadrasUri Adi ke samaya-nirdhAraNa karane meM anekAneka prazna upasthita ho sakate haiM / itanA hI nahIM svayaM mukhtArajI ne pUrva meM yaha mAnA hai ki mallavAdI AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke samakAlIna yA vRddha rahe hoMge / pI0 ela0 vaidya ne jo sujhAva diyA vaha bhI svIkArya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki koI bhI prati meM (hastalikhita) zrI vIravatsarAt ke sthAna para zrI vIravikramAt aisA pATha upalabdha nahIM hotA aura yadi mila bhI jAya taba bhI anya upalabdha pATha evaM grantha meM cacita vAdoM ke AdhAra 1. vahI, pR0 551-552. 2. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza, pR0 553.

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki zrI vIra vikramAt vAlA pATha svIkAra karane yogya nahIM hai| isa prakAra A0 mallavAdI ko navamIM zatAbdI taka le jAnA ThIka nahIM hai| nayacakra ke saMpAdaka vidvAna muni jaMbUvijayajI kA mata hai ki A0 mallavAdI ke samaya ke viSaya meM jo ullekha prabhAvakacaritra meM vijayasiMhasUri prabandha meM prApta hotA hai ki mallavAdI ne vIra saMvat 884 (arthAt vi0 saM0 424) meM bauddhoM ko parAjita kiyA hai vaha ThIka hai / taduparAnta munijI ne eka mahattvapUrNa bAta kahI hai vaha yaha hai ki nayacakra meM jahA~-jahA~ Agama ke pATha uddhRta kie haiM, unameM Aja ke pracalita pAThoM se kucha bhinnatA pAI jAtI hai itanA hI nahIM kintu kucha pATha to pracalita Agama paramparA meM haiM hI nahIM / vartamAna pracalita pATha-paramparA bhagavAn devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne valabhI meM saMkalita kI thii| devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne vIra nirvANa 980 (vi0 saM0 590) meM valabhI meM saMkalanA kI thI / jaba A0 mallavAdI vIranirvANa saM0 884 (vi0 saM0 414) meM the / ataH pAThabheda kA kAraNa bhI sahaja hai / isa prakAra ve A0 mallavAdI kA samaya vi0 saM0 414 taka sthira karate haiM / paM0 mAlavaNiyAjI bhI ukta samaya ko svIkAra karate hue kahate haiM kI nayacakra meM eka ora diGnAga ke pramANasamuccaya kA ullekha hai aura dUsarI ora kumArila, dharmakIrti Adi ke ullekhoM kA abhAva hai jo mUla nayacakra se to kyA TIkA se bhI siddha hotA hai / AcArya siddhasena kA ullekha mUla aura TIkA donoM meM hai / AcArya diGnAga kA samaya I0 345-425 (vi0 saM0 402-482) taka mAnA jAtA hai / AcArya siMhagaNi ne nayacakra TIkA meM apohavAda samarthaka bauddha vidvAnoM ke lie adyatana bauddha vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai / usase sUcita hotA hai ki A0 diGnAga jaise bauddha vidvAna sirpha A0 mallavAdI ke hI nahIM, kintu siMhagaNi ke bhI samakAlIna haiM / prabhAvakacaritra ke ukta zloka ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai ki A0 mallavAdI 1. nayacakra prastAvanA, prathama bhAga, pR0 49. 2. nayacakra prastAvanA prathama bhAga, pR0 50.

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17 - jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa vi0 saM0 414 meM vidyamAna the / ataeva A0 diGnAga ke samaya vikrama 402-482 ke sAtha jaina paramparA dvArA sammata A0 mallavAdI ke samaya kA koI virodha nahIM hai aura isa dRSTi se mallavAdI vRddha aura diGnAga yuvA isa kalpanA meM bhI virodha kI saMbhAvanA nahIM / AcArya siddhasena kI uttarAvadhi vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI mAnI jAtI hai / A0 mallavAdI ne AcArya siddhasena kA ullekha kiyA hai / ataeva donoM AcAryoM ko bhI samakAlIna mAnA jAya taba bhI visaMgati nahIM / isI prakAra paM0 dalasukha bhAI A0 mallavAdI kA samaya vi0 saM0 414 hI nirdhArita karate haiN| pramANasamuccaya ke pA~cave pariccheda meM diGnAga ne bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya grantha kI do kArikAe~ uddhRta kI haiM / traikAlyaparIkSA nAmaka grantha kI racanA bhI diGnAga ne bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya ke prakIrNakANDa ko sAmane rakhakara kI hai| isa prakAra bhartRhari diGnAga ke pUrvavartI haiM tathA itsiMga kA kathana kI jisake AdhAra para paM0 mukhtArajI ne samaya-nirdhAraNa kA prayAsa kiyA hai vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki itsiMga ne kahA hai ki bhartRhari nAmaka eka zUnyatAvAdI mahAna bauddha paNDita thA yaha bAta bhI mAnane yogya nahIM hai kyoMki vAkyapadIya grantha meM vaidika evaM advaitavAdI kI hI prasthApanA kI gaI hai aura bhartRhari ke dharmaparivartana ke viSaya meM koI ullekha prApta hotA nahIM hai / ataH itsiMga ke kathana ke anusAra bhartRhari kA samaya nirdhAraNa ThIka baiThatA nahIM hai / itsiMga dvArA ullekhita bhartRhari koI anya bhartRhari hone kI saMbhAvanA hai / isa prakAra uparokta carcA ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki nayacakra-kAra A0 mallavAdI kA samaya vIra nirvANa saMvat 884 arthAt vi0 saM0 414 hI rahA hogA / eka anya mallavAdI nAmaka AcArya bhI hue haiM jo prastuta nayacakrakAra A0 mallavAdI se bhinna haiM jinhoMne nyAyabindu TIkA ke Upara dharmottara TippaNa nAmaka TippaNa likhA hai jinakA samaya I0 827 yA 962 mAnA jAtA hai / 3 1. zrImad rAjendrasUri smAraka grantha. pR0 210. 2. jainAcArya zrI mallavAdI ane bhartRharino samaya, buddhi-prakAza, pR0 332. 3. dharmottarapradIpa, prastAvanA, pR0 55.

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana isa prakAra hama isa nizcaya para pahu~cate haiM ki A0 mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga hue haiM / yadi hama mukhtAra jI ke mata ko mAnya karake vAkyapadIya ko paravartI mAnate haiM to diGnAga ko bhI paravartI mAnanA hogA kintu diGnAga dharmakIrti Adi ke pUrvavartI hI haiM / ata: mallavAdI kA samaya vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI se nIce le jAnA sambhava nahIM hai| punaH yadi hama A0 mallavAdI ke grantha kI viSayavastu kI ora dRSTipAta karate haiM to usameM koI bhI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai jo paravartI kAla kA ho / jahA~ taka bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya kA prazna hai usakA ullekha aneka prAcIna jaina evaM bauddha AcAryoM ne apane granthoM meM kiyA hai aura ve sabhI vikrama kI pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI ke pUrva ke hI haiM / yadi hama dArzanika siddhAnta kI dRSTi se bhI isa grantha kA abhyAsa kareM to bhI hama ise bahuta paravartI siddha nahIM kara sakate haiM / kyoMki isameM jo bhI dArzanika mata ullekhita haiM ve sabhI prAcIna haiN| ataH A0 mallavAdI kA samaya vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa mAnanA hI adhika upayukta hai / AcArya mallavAdI kI kRtiyA~ vAdimukhya AcArya mallavAdI eka samartha dArzanika the / unhoMne dvAdazAra-nayacakra nAmaka praur3ha dArzanika grantha kI racanA kI thI / prastuta grantha kA avalokana-adhyayana karane se AcArya mallavAdI kI vidvattA kA paricaya ho hI jAtA hai aura sAtha-sAtha yaha jijJAsA bhI hotI hai ki kyA AcArya mallavAdI ne anya koI granthoM kI racanA kI thI yA nahIM ? isa jijJAsA kI pUrti ke lie hameM prAcIna sAhitya kA paryavekSaNa karanA Avazyaka hai / prabandhagrantha evaM dArzanika granthoM ke avalokana se hama yaha to nizcit hI kaha sakate haiM ki AcArya mallavAdI dvArA kama se kama tIna granthoM kI racanA to huI hI thI / durbhAgya vaza hameM unake koI bhI grantha mUla rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM haiM / prastuta zodhaprabandha kA zodhagrantha dvAdazAra-nayacakra bhI apane mUla svarUpa meM kaI zatAbdiyoM pUrva hI naSTa ho cukA thA / pU0 jambUvijayajI ne AcArya siMhasUri kI TIkA ke AdhAra para dvAdazAranayacakra ko puna: saMpAdita kiyA hai / prabandhAtmaka aitihAsika granthoM evaM dArzanika granthoM ke AdhAra para AcArya

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa mallavAdI kI nimnokta kRtiyoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai : *** (1) sammaipayaraNaTIkA (2) dvAdazAra- nayacakra (3) padmacarita (1) sammaipayaraNaTIkA jaina darzanAcArya siddhasena divAkara ne sanmati prakaraNa (sammaipayaraNa) grantha kI racanA kI hai / prastuta grantha meM nayoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / nayoM kA spaSTa evaM subodha vivecana hone ke kAraNa bAda ke sabhI AcAryoM ne sanmati prakaraNa kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / isa grantha kI TIkA AcArya mallavAdI dvArA likhI gaI thI aisA ullekha AcArya haribhadrasUrijI ne apane dArzanika grantha anekAntajayapatAkA kI TIkA meM kiyA hai / " adyAvadhi yaha grantha upalabdha nahIM 19 / isa viSaya meM eka aura ullekha hameM bRhaTippaNikA nAmaka grantha meM milatA hai / vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki sammaIpayaraNa kI TIkA kA pramANa 700 zloka parimANa hai / isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki bRhaTTippaNikAkAra ne yaha TIkA dekhI hogI arthAt 12vIM zatI taka to prastuta TIkA vidyamAna thI kintu bAda meM koI granthabhaNDAra meM hI naSTa ho gaI ho aisA bhI sambhava hai / Aja to hamAre sAmane kevala kalpanA hI karanA zeSa hai / dvAdazAra - nayacakra ke caturtha ara ke anta meM sanmati kI eka kArikA uddhRta hai aura usakA vivecana bhinna zailI se kiyA gayA hai / jo upalabdha TIkA se bhinna hai; isase bhI yaha puSTa hotA hai ki AcArya mallavAdI ne sanmatiprakaraNa ke Upara TIkA to likhI hI hogI kintu yaha kRti 1. uktaM ca vAdimukhyena mallavAdinA samma (nma) tau / uktaM ca vAdimukhyena - zrI mallavAdinA samma (nma) tau // 2. " sanmativRttirmallavAdikRtA 700, bRhaTTippanikA / " 3. te pica saMgrahAH saMgraheNa trividhA bhavanti dravya-sthita-naya-prakRtayaH / dravya - prakRtayaH, karma-puruSakArAdyekAntavAdAH sthita-prakRtayaH puruSa - kAla-niyatyAdivAdAH, nayaprakRtayaH prakRtIzvarAdikAraNavAdAH // dvA0 na0 vR00, pR0 373. tulanIya: anekAntajayapatAkA, pR0 58. vahI, pR0 116.

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dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana kAlakavalita ho gaI hogii| uparokta kathanAnusAra prastuta TIkA meM naya kA hI vivecana hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| 20 dvAdazAra-nayacakra' thA / I prastuta grantha apane mUla svarUpa meM naSTa ho cukA isa grantha ke Upara AcArya siMhasUri kI eka vistRta TIkA upalabdha ho rahI hai / isI TIkA grantha meM prayukta pratIkoM ke AdhAra para mUla grantha ko punaH sugrathita kiyA gayA hai / isameM eka naI dRSTi se nayoM kA vivecana evaM vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai jo jainadarzana meM anyatra upalabdha nahIM hai / prastuta grantha ke viSaya meM vistRta vivecana Age kiyA jAyegA kyoMki yahI grantha hamAre zodhaprabandha kA vivecya grantha hai / davvATyinayapayaDI suddA saMgahaparUvaNAvisao / paDirUve puNa vayaNatthanicchao tassa vavahAro // 4 // iti gAthAsUtram / atra ca saMgrahanayapratyayaH zuddho dravyAstikaH vyavahAranayapratyayastvazuddha iti tAtparyArthaH / avayavArthastu dravyAstikanayasya vyAvarNitasvarUpasya prakRti: svabhAva: zuddhA ityasaMkIrNA vizeSAsaMsparzavatI saMgrahasya abhedagrAhI nayasya purUpaNA - prarUpyate naye kRtvA-upavarNanA padasaMhatistasyA viSayo bhidheyaH / sanmati tarka prakaraNa TIkA. pR0 315. 1. pakkhANio ca mallavAiNA vihipuvvaNe ( vihipuvveNaM ) nayacakragrantho / mallavAdicaritram, dvA0 na0 pR0 906 to mallacillao vi ya viraIya nayacakkamAhappo / laddhajaso saMgheNa pavesio valahinayarIe | prabandhacatuSTaye mallavAdikathAnakam, dvA0 na0 pR0 907. nayacakraM navaM tena zlokAyutamitaM kRtam / prAggranthArthaprakAzena sarvopAdeyatAM yayau // (35) prabhAvakacarite mallavAdicaritam, vahI, pR0 910. 2. buddhAnandastadA mRtvA vipakSavyantaro'jani / jinazAsana - vidveSiprAntakAlamaterasau || tena prAgvairatastasya granthadvayamadhiSThitam / vidyate pustakasthe tat vAcituM sa na yacchati // prabhAvakacarita meM varNita mallavAdi-carita - zlo. 72-73; uddhRta dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 91

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa padmacarita: __ AcArya mallavAdI dvArA viracita granthoM kI sUcI meM yaha tIsarA grantha hai| prabhAvaka-caritrakAra ne mallavAdI dvArA racita granthoM kA ullekha karate hue padmacarita kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / sAtha meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki padmacarita 24000 zloka pramANa saMskRta kAvya hai| kintu anya granthoM kI taraha prastuta grantha bhI upalabdha nahIM hai / isa prakAra A0 mallavAdI kI koI bhI kRti hameM mUlarUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hotI hai / prastuta grantha ke nAma ke AdhAra para hama yaha kalpanA kara sakate haiM ki isameM rAma aura sItA kA jIvana-vRttAnta diyA gayA hogA / jaina paramparA meM rAmacarita padmacarita ke nAma se pracalita rahA hai / jaise ki prAkRta bhASA-nibaddha paumacariyaM (vimalasUri), saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha padmacaritra (raviSeNa) evaM apabhraMza bhASAbaddha paumacariuM (svayambhU) / yadi isameM rAma kA caritra hI varNita ho to yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki prastuta grantha saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha prathama rAmacaritra ho sakatA hai kintu yaha to korI kalpanA hI hai kyoMki prastuta grantha adyAvadhi upalabdha nahIM ho pAyA hai| pro0 hIrAlAla kApaDiyA kA kahanA hai ki anya kisI Thosa pramANa ke abhAva meM yaha bhI nirNaya karanA kaThina hai ki padamacarita nayacakrakAra A0 mallavAdI kI hI kRti hai yA anya mallavAdI kI kRti hai / isa prakAra sAhityika pramANoM ke AdhAra para hameM uparokta tIna granthoM ke viSaya meM vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / eka anya kRti nyAyabindu TippaNa bhI mallavAdI kI kRti hai kintu TippaNakAra evaM nayacakrakAra mallavAdI bhinna haiN| prasaMgopAtta usake viSaya meM yahA~ kucha jJAtavya hai / mallavAdI kRta dharmottara-TippaNa nyAyabindu kI dharmottara TIkA kA TippaNa mallavAdI AcArya ne likhA hai| usakI pratiyA~ jaisalamera tathA pATaNa ke grantha bhanDAroM meM vidyamAna haiM / - 1. prabhAvakacaritra, pR0 123. 2. vahI, pR0 123. 3. zrI haribhadrasUri. pR0 303.

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22 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana dvitIya aura tRtIya pariccheda ke anta meM AcArya mallavAdI ne apanA nAmollekha kiyA hai / kintu prastuta mallavAdI nayacakrakAra mallavAdI se bhinna hai| isa viSaya meM paM0 zrI mAlavaNiyA jI likhate haiM ki "nayacakra ke kartA mallavAdI to kisI bhI prakAra se TippaNakAra sambhava hI nahIM hai, kyoMki nayacakra grantha kI Antarika parIkSA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki ve AcArya diGnAga aura dharmakIrti ke bIca hue haiM / grantha meM kaI bAra AcArya diGnAga kA ullekha hai, kintu kumArila yA dharmakIrti kA eka bAra bhI ullekha nahIM hai| ....ataeva prastuta nyAyabindu TIkA kA TippaNa likheM, yaha sambhava nahIM / " ataH nyAyabindu TIkA ke TippaNakAra mallavAdI aura nayacakrakAra mallavAdI bhinna hI haiN| nayacakra kI racanA kA Agamika AdhAra nayacakra kI utpatti ke viSaya meM AcArya mallavAdI ke jIvana-vRttAnta ke prasaMga meM carcA kI gaI hai tathApi yahA~ usa mUla Agamika AdhAra ke viSaya meM carcA kI jAyegI jo nayacakra kI racanA kA AdhAra hai| AcArya mallavAdI ne svayaM nirdeza kiyA hai ki nayacakra pUrva se uddhRta gAthA kA vivecana hai / jainoM ke bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda, jo naSTa ho cukA hai, meM pUrvagat nAmaka eka mahattvapUrNa vibhAga thA aura usake caudaha upa vibhAga the / usa pratyeka upa vibhAga ko pUrva kahA jAtA thaa| usake pA~cave pUrva kA nAma jJAna-pravAda hai usa jJAna-pravAda ke eka aMza kA nAma nayaprAbhRta hai / isI nayaprAbhRta kI vidhiniyama se prArambha honevAlI gAthA se nayacakra kI racanA huI hai / prastuta 1. iti zrI mallavAdyAcArya viracite dharmottara-TippaNake dvitIya paricchedaH samAptaH iti dharmottaraTippanake zrI mallavAdyAcArya kRte tRtIyaparicchedaH samAptaH / uddhRta, dharmottarapradIpa, prastAvanA, pR0 54. 2. dharmottarapradIpa, prastAvanA, pR0 54-55 3. asya cAryasya pUrvamahodadhitamutpatitanayaprAbhRtataraMgAgama prabhraSTazliSTArthakamAtramanyatIrthakara prajJApanAbhyatIta-gocara-padArtha-sAdhanaM nayacakrAkhyaM...... dvAdazAranayacakram, bhAga-2, pR0 9 4. vidhi-niyamabhaMgavRttivyatiriktatvAdanarthakavacovat / jainAdanyacchAsanamanRtaM bhavatIti vaidharmyam / / vahI, bhAga-1, pR0 9.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa nayaprAbhRta adyAvadhi anupalabdha hai kintu nAma ke AdhAra para yaha kalpanA kara sakate haiM ki usameM vidhi, niyama Adi rUpoM meM nayoM kA vivaraNa kiyA gayA hogaa| isa prakAra dRSTivAda ke nayaprAbhRta kI vidhi-niyama vAlI gAthA se hI dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA udbhava huA yaha bAta svayaM AcArya mallavAdI kahate haiM / nayacakra ke pUrva bhI nayacakra nAmaka grantha pracalita rahA hogA aisA hama nayacakra tathA TIkA ke AdhAra para anumAna lagA sakate haiM / AcArya mallavAdI kahate haiM ki saptazatAra-nayacakra nAmaka grantha vidyamAna hote hue bhI kAlaprabhAva ke kAraNa pratidina medhA, Ayu, bala, utsAha aura dhAraNA-zakti naSTa ho rahI hai, ataH bhavya jIvoM ke upakArArtha saMkSipta nayacakra kA grathana kiyA jA rahA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI pAiya TIkA (4.68 e) meM tathA anuyogadvArasUtra kI gAthA 134 kI hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti meM bhI saptazatAra-nayacakra kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / 2 saptazatAra-nayacakra meM jainadarzana meM prasiddha naigamAdi sAta nayoM tathA pratyeka nayoM ke so-so bheda karake saptazatAra nayacakra kI racanA kI gaI thI / vartamAnakAla meM prastuta kRti upalabdha nahIM hai / isa prakAra hama yaha bhI kalpanA kara sakate haiM kI A0 mallavAdI ke samaya saptazatAranayacakra upalabdha thA kintu usa nayacakra kI racanA jaTila aura durbodha hogI isI kAraNa prastuta nae nayacakra kI racanA kI gaI hogii| isa viSaya meM zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA kahanA hai ki isa grantha kA pUrvagata zruta ke sAtha jo sambandha jor3A gayA hai vaha usake mahattva ko bar3hAne ke lie bhI ho sakatA hai aura vastusthiti kA dyotaka bhI ho sakatA 1. saptazatAra-nayakrAdhyayane satyapi duHSamAkAladoSabala-pratidina-prakSIyamANamedhAdurbalo tsAhaMsevaga-zrAvaNadhAraNAdizaktIn bhavyAnAnanugrahItuM saMkSiptagranthaM balarthamidaM nayakrazAstram / zrImacchavetapaTa mallavAdikSamAzramaNena vitinaM, bhAga-3, pR0 886. 2. jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa, bhAga-3, pR0 113. 3. arhatpraNIta naigamAdi pratyeka zatasaMkhyaprabhedAtmaka saptazatAranayacakrabhedAtmaka.... nayacakravRttiH, bhAga- 3, pR0 886.

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24 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana hai| kyoMki pUrvagat zruta meM nayoM kA vivaraNa vizeSarUpa se thA hI / aura prastuta grantha meM puruSa-niyati Adi kAraNavAda kI jo carcA hai vaha kisI lupta paramparA kA dyotana to avazya karatI hai| kyoMki una kAraNoM ke viSaya meM aisI vistRta aura vyavasthita carcA anyatra kahIM nahIM miltii| Age calakara vaha kahate haiM ki dRSTivAda kI viSayasUcI dekhakara itanA to nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki nayacakra kA jo dRSTivAda ke sAtha sambandha jor3A gayA hai vaha nirAdhAra nahIM hai| isa prakAra pUrvokta carcA ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki AcArya mallavAdI ne Agamokta paramparA kA anusaraNa karate hue nUtana nayacakra kI racanA kI hogii| nAma AcArya mallavAdI-kRta vivecya dArzanika grantha kA nAma dvAdazAranayacakra hai / isako kevala nayacakra ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai / SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI guNaratnasUri-kRta bRhadvRtti meM nayacakravAla kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / ata: yaha grantha nayacakravAla ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hogA aisA sambhava hai / kintu munizrI jambUvijayajI ke anusAra nayacakravAla mUlagrantha kA nAma na hokara TIkA kA nAma hogA / mUla grantha kA nAma to nayacakra hI rahA hogA / 'vala saMvaraNe' (pANini dhAtupATha) isake anusAra nayacakra valata iti nayacakravAlaH / isa prakAra vyutpattilabdha artha ke anusAra nayacakra kI TIkA ko hI nayacakravAla TIkA aisA hI nAmollekha milatA hai / ata: yaha nizcita hotA hai ki nayacakravAla yaha TIkA kA nAma rahA hogA aura nayacakra yA dvAdazAra nayacakra mUlagrantha kA nAma rahA hogA / 5 grantha meM bhI prakaraNa 1. zrImad rAjendrasUri smAraka grantha, pR0 198 2. vahI. 3. zvetAmbarANAM saMmatirnayacakravAlaH syAdvAdaratnAkaro - / SaDadarzana samucyaya TIkA, pR0 405. 4. zrI AtmAnanda prakAza, varSa-45, aM. 7, pR0 110 5. zrI AtmAnanda prakAza, varSa-45, aM-7, pR0 110-111.

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25 jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa ke anta meM nayacakra yA dvAdazAra-nayacakra aisA hI ullekha prApta hotA hai / isase bhI pUrvokta bAta ko puSTi milatI hai / . eka hI nAmavAle aneka grantha dArzanika sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiM / yathA tarkabhASA, jJAnArNava Adi / usI taraha nayacakra nAmaka tIna grantha upalabdha hote haiM prathama zvetAmbara paramparA meM hue AcArya mallavAdI-kRta nayacakra, dUsarA digambara paramparA meM hue AcArya devasenakRta nayacakra', aura tIsarA digambara paramparA ke AcArya mAilladhavalakRta nayacakra / antima donoM nayacakra bahuta bAda ke haiM / yahA~ to hama mallavAdI-kRta nayacakra kI hI bAta kareMge / jo pA~cavI zatI meM racI gaI kRti hai / isa nayacakra ke Upara AcArya siMhasUragaNi kSamAzramaNa viracita eka ati vistRta TIkA upalabdha hotI hai / racanAzailI nayacakra kI racanA eka "vidhiniyama" se prArambha honevAlI gAthA ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / grantha ke prArambha meM hI ukta gAthAsUtra rakhA gayA hai / isI gAthAsUtra ke bhASya ke rUpa meM nayacakra kA samagra gadyAMza hai / svayaM A0 mallavAdI ne nayacakra ko pUrva mahodadhi meM uThanevAle nayataraMgoM ke biMdurUpa kahA hai| pro0 hIrAlAla kApaDiyA nayacakra ko svopajJa bhASya ke rUpa meM batAte haiN| 1. iti niyamaniyamabhaMgo nAma dvAdazo bhaMgo dvAdazAranayacakrasya / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 854 - tadetadevaM dvAdazAranayacakraM siddham / vahI, pR0 886. 2. dvAdazAraM nayacakra-saM. jambUvijaya muni. 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 168-175 4. nayacakra-saM. kailAzacandra zAstrI / 6. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, saM. jambUvijayajI 6. vidhi-niyamabhaMga-vRttivyatiriktatvAdanarthaka-vacovat / jainAdanyacchAsanamanRtaM bhavatIti vaidharmyam // dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 9. 7. asya cArthasya pUrvamahodadhi-samutpatita-nayaprAbhRta-taraMgAgamaprabhraSTazliSTArthakaNika mAtramanya-tIrthakara-prajJApanAbhyatItagocara-padArthasAdhanaM nayacakrAkhyaM / / vahI. pR0 9. 8. jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa, bhAga-3, pR0 117.

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26 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana kintu vidhi niyama ityAdi gAthA mallavAdI kI svayaM racanA nahIM hai| gAthA to pUrva arthAt bArahaveM dRSTivAda meM se uddhRta kI gaI hai aisA ullekha prApta hotA hai| ataH gAthA anyakRta hai / isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki nayacakra grantha vidhiniyama ityAdi gAthAsUtra kA bhASya hai kintu svopajJa bhASya nahIM / isa nayacakra ke Upara siMhasUri kSamAzramaNa ne vistRta TIkA kI racanA kI hai / yahA~ nayacakra kI bAhya racanAzailI ke viSaya meM carcA kI hai; Antarika racanAzailI ke viSaya meM Age vistAra se vivecana kiyA jAyegA / bhASA gAthA, bhASya evaM TIkA tInoM kI bhASA saMskRta hai / bhASA prasanna evaM madhura hote hue bhI praur3ha hai / kahIM-kahIM to mUla grantha ke artha ko samajhanA ati kaThina ho jAtA hai| ataH mUla grantha ke bhAva ko samajhane ke lie TIkA kA AdhAra lenA par3atA hai / lambe samAsa evaM tarkajAla se pUrNa evaM kaI vilupta paramparAoM kA kathanavivecana prastuta grantha meM kiyA gayA hai ataH grantha kI jaTilatA meM vRddhi huI hai / grantha ko punaH saMkalita kiyA gayA hai usake kAraNa kaI aMzoM kA uddhAra nahIM ho pAyA hai tathApi eka viziSTa bhASA evaM zailI meM racA gayA grantha hai| nayacakra kI racanA-paddhati nayacakra kI racanA meM tatkAlIna samasta bhAratIya darzanoM ko eka cakra ke rUpa meM saMyojita kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kyA isa prakAra kI racanA anya kisI bhAratIya darzana paramparA meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai / yA cakra kI kalpanA karake darzana kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai ? yadyapi yaha satya hai ki bhAratIya dArzanika sAhitya meM isa prakAra kI racanAzailI vAlA anya koI bhI grantha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / zvetAzvatara upaniSada meM eka kArikA upalabdha hotI hai jisameM sAMkhyadarzana sammata prakRti ke vibhinna prabhedoM ko ara, tumba Adi ke rUpa meM sthApita karake eka cakra kI kalpanA kI gaI 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 9

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa 27 hai / kintu prastuta upaniSad meM kevala sAMkhyadarzana ke tattvoM ko hI cakrAkAra meM kalpita kiyA gayA hai parantu Age unakA vizeSa vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya mallavAdI ne uparokta upaniSad se preraNA prApta karake jainadarzana meM bhI cakra ke AdhAra para grantha racane kA vicAra kiyA hogA, aisI hama kalpanA kara sakate haiM / nayacakra meM bhI cakra ke anurUpa racanA kI gaI hai| zvetAzvataropaniSada meM kevala sAMkhyadarzana ke tattvoM ko hI cakrAkAra meM sthApita kiyA hai kintu A0 mallavAdI ne apanI buddhi-pratibhA ke dvArA sAre bhAratIya darzanoM ko eka cakra meM sthApita karake anekAntavAda kI siddhi kA eka nUtana prayAsa kiyA hai / isa prakAra preraNA cAhe upaniSad se lI ho yA pUrva sAhitya se tathApi apane pANDitya evaM vidvattA se unhoMne grantha ko eka nayA hI AyAma pradAna kiyA hai| grantha kA nayacakra nAma sArthaka hai| jisa prakAra cakra meM ara, nAbhi evaM mArga hotA hai usI prakAra grantha meM bhI ara, nAbhi evaM mArga kI kalpanA kI gaI hai / cakra meM jisa prakAra do aroM ke bIca meM arAntarAla hotA hai usI prakAra grantha meM bhI arAntarAla rakhA gayA hai / - nayacakra meM ara ke rUpa meM vidhi Adi bAraha aroM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| bAraha vibhAgoM ko bAraha ara kahA gayA hai / pratyeka arAtmaka vibhAga meM eka mAnyatA ko svIkAra karanevAle matoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| cakra meM eka ke bAda dUsarA ara AtA hai usI prakAra yahA~ bhI eka ara ke bAda dUsare ara kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / jahA~ pUrva ara apane mata kA sthApana karatA hai vahIM dUsare ara ke pUrva meM pUrvokta ara kA khaNDana bhI pAyA jAtA hai| isI khaNDanAtmaka vibhAga ko arAntarAla kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra antara ke bAda hI dUsarA ara AtA hai usI prakAra pUrvokta naya kA khaNDana hone para nayA naya arthAt nayA ara AtA hai| isa prakAra pUre grantha meM khaNDana evaM maNDana kI 1. tamekanemi trivRttaM SoDazAntaM zatArdhAraM viMzati pratyarAbhiH / aSTakaiH SaDbhivizvarUpaikapAzaM trimArgabhedaM dvinimittaikamoham // zvetAzvataropaniSad 1.4.

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28 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana prakriyA calatI rahatI hai / bArahaveM ara ke bAda punaH prathama ara upasthita ho jAtA hai aura vaha apane pUrva meM rahe bArahaveM ara ke doSoM kA kathana karake apane mata kA sthApana karatA hai arthAt isa khaNDana-maNDana kI prakriyA kA anta nahIM AtA / isa prakAra pUrva-pUrva naya durbala aura uttara-uttara naya sabala hone kA bodha hotA hai kintu yaha bodha vAstavika nahIM hai kyoMki cakra meM koI bhI ara pUrva hI yA uttara hI ho aisA saMbhavita nahIM hai usI prakAra nayacakra meM bhI koI arAtmaka vibhAga pUrva aura koI arAtmaka vibhAga uttara meM hai yaha kahanA doSayukta hogA / saba apane pUrva naya kI apekSA uttara hai aura apane uttara naya kI apekSA se pUrva hai / ataH hama kisI eka ara meM sabalatva yA nirbalatva kA Aropa nahIM kara sakate / kyoMki apekSA-bheda se hI sabalatva aura durbalatva hai| isa prakAra isa grantha meM anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda kA kathana apanI viziSTa zailI meM hI kiyA gayA hai / cakra kA pratyeka ara tumba yA nAbhi meM saMlagna hotA hai usI prakAra ye sabhI naya arthAt dArzanika siddhAnta syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda rUpa tumba yA nAbhi meM saMlagna haiM / yadi ye ara tumba meM pratiSThita na hoM to bikhara jAyeMge usI prakAra ye sabhI naya yadi syAdvAda meM sthAna nahIM pAte to unakI pratiSThA nahIM hotii| dUsare zabdoM meM abhiprAyabhedoM ko, nayabhedoM ko yA darzana-bhedoM ko milAnevAle syAdvAda rUpI tumba kA nayacakra meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| ara aura tumba donoM hone para bhI nemi ke abhAva meM cakra gatizIla nahIM hotA hai aura na cakra hI kahalAtA hai, ataeva nemi bhI Avazyaka hai / isa dRSTi se nayacakra ke pUrNa hone meM bhI nemi Avazyaka hai / prastuta nayacakra meM tIna aMzoM meM vibhakta nemi kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| pratyeka aMza ko mArga kahA gayA hai / prathama cAra ara ko jor3anevAlA prathama mArga, ara ke dUsare catuSka ko jor3anevAlA dvitIya mArga aura tRtIya catuSka ko jor3anevAlA tRtIya 1. evaM ca vRttivacanamazeSabhaMgaikavAkyatAyAmeva pratibhaMgamapi vRttiriti khyApanArtham / syAdvAdatumba pratibaddha sarvanaya bhaMgAtmikaikaiva vRttiH satyA, ratnAvalIvat, anyathA vRtyabhAva eva / tathaiva ca sarvaikAntaprakramaH / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 882.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa mArga hai| mArga ke tIna bheda karane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki prathama ke cAra vidhi bhaMga haiM / dvitIya catuSka ubhayabhaMga haiM aura tRtIya catuSka niyama bhaMga haiM / ye tInoM mArga kramazaH nitya, nityAnitya aura anitya kI sthApanA karate haiM / nemi ko lohaveSTana se maNDita karane para vaha aura bhI majabUta banatI hai, ataeva cakra ko veSTita karanevAle lohapaTTa ke sthAna meM siMhagaNi viracita nayacakravAlavRtti hai / isa prakAra nayacakra apane yathArtha rUpa meM cakra hai| cakra kI upamA aura usakI mahattA nayacakrakAra AcArya mallavAdI ne cakra kI upamA ke viSaya meM grantha ke anta meM kahA hai ki jisa prakAra cakravartI banane ke lie cakraratna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai usI prakAra dArzanika jagat meM vAdicakravartitva prApta karane ke lie nayacakra kI AvazyakatA hai / 2 nayacakra meM varNita vAda ke avalokana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya mallavAdI ne tattat darzanoM ke siddhAtoM kA prastutIkaraNa bahuta hI prAmANika rUpa se kiyA hai| sAtha hI unakI samIkSA bhI kI hai / isa grantha meM tatkAlIna sabhI dArzanika matoM kA sthApana evaM khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / ataH isI eka grantha ke adhyayana se sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kA bodha ho jAtA hai, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai / isa prakAra sAmarthya kI dRSTi se cakraratna ke sAtha isakI jo tulanA kI gaI hai vaha ucita hI hai| yahA~ hama jainadarzana meM pracalita kAlacakra kI racanA ke sAtha bhI nayacakra kI tulanA kara sakate haiM / nayacakra meM bAraha ara haiM, kAlacakra meM bhI bAraha ara haiM / jaise nayacakra meM dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika aise do vibhAga haiM usI prakAra kAlacakra meM bhI utsarpiNI evaM avasarpiNI ye do vibhAga haiM / kAlacakra meM eka-eka vibhAga meM chaha-chaha pravibhAga hote haiM usI prakAra nayacakra ke donoM vibhAgoM ke bhI chaha-chaha vibhAga kie gae haiM / kAlacakra avirata bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai usI prakAra nayacakra bhI avirata gati karatA 1. zrImad vijayarAjendrasUri smAraka grantha, pR0 202-203. 2. nayacakrazAstraM zrImacchavetapaTa mallavAdikSamAzramaNena vihitaM bharatacakravartinA cakraratnamiva jainAnAM vaadickrvrtitvvidhye| dvAdazAraM nayacakra pR0 886.

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana rahatA hai / isa prakAra kAlacakra evaM nayacakra kI racanA meM sAmya pAyA jAtA hai| nayacakra kI mahattA pradarzita karate hue AcArya vikramasUri ne kalpanA kI hai ki nayacakra ke sucArU adhyayana se syAdvAda kA bodha hotA hai / syAdvAda ke bodha se manuSya kAlacakra ke bhramaNa meM se mukta hotA hai / isa prakAra dArzanika evaM dhArmika donoM dRSTi se nayacakra kA mahatva sthApita kiyA gayA hai / cakra ke bAraha ara hote haiM, nayacakra meM bhI bAraha aroM kA vivecana prApta hotA hai / ataH nayacakra ko dvAdazAra-nayacakra bhI kahate haiM / ve bAraha ara isa prakAra haiM : 1. vidhi: 2. vidhi-vidhi (vidhevidhi:) 3. vidhyubhayam (vidhevidhizca niyamazca) 4. vidhiniyamaH (vidherniyama:) 5. vidhiniyamau (vidhizca niyamazca) 6. vidhiniyamavidhiH (vidhiniyamayovidhi:) 7. ubhayobhayam (vidhiniyamayo vidhiniyamau) 8. ubhayaniyamaH (vidhinimayoniyamaH) 9. niyamaH 10. niyamavidhiH (niyamasya vidhi:) 11. niyamobhayam (niyamasya vidhiniyamau) 12. niyama niyamaH (niyamasya niyamaH)3 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, vikramasUri prastAvanA, bhAga-4, pR0 2. 2. vahI 2. 3. tayobhaMgAH 1. vidhiH, 2. vidhividhiH, 3. vidhairvidhiniyamam, 4. vidheniyamaH, 5. vidhiniyamam, 6. vidhi-niyamasya vidhiH, 7. vidhiniyamasya vidhiniyamam, 8. vidhi nimasya niyamaH, 9. niyamaH, 10. niyamasya vidhiH, 11. niyamasya vidhiniyamam, 12. niyamasya niyamaH / dvA0 na0 bhAga-1, pR0 10.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa uparokta dvAdaza bhedoM meM vidhi aura niyama zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai| inhIM do zabdoM ke AdhAra para anya bhedoM kI racanA kI gaI hai / ata: vidhi niyama zabda kI vyAkhyA Avazyaka ho jAtI hai / uparyukta dvAdaza bhedoM kA nirmANa jisa gAthAsUtra se huA hai vahI gAthA nyAyAvatAravAtikavRtti meM uddhRta kI gaI hai aura usakI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki vidhi arthAt utpAda, bhaMga kA artha vyaya aura niyama arthAt dhrauvya jainadarzana meM sakala vastu utpAda, vyayadhrauvyAtmaka hai / isa prakAra vidhi kA artha utpAda evaM niyama kA artha dhrauvya kiyA gayA hai / 2 yahI artha paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrIjI ne vidhi niyama ityAdi gAthA ke artha karate hue isa prakAra kiyA hai-jainazAsana se bhinna anya zAsana utpAda (vidhi), vyaya (bhaMga) aura dhrauvya (niyama) se rahita hone se anarthaka vacanoM ke tulya hai / 3 kintu nyAyAvatAravRttikAra evaM paNDitajI kA uparokta artha grantha ke carcita vAdoM ke anurUpa nahIM hai kyoMki vidhivAda meM sattA ko dhruva mAnanevAle darzanoM kA vivecana hai tathA niyamavAda meM sattA ko anitya mAnanevAle darzanoM kI carcA prApta hotI hai / ataH uparokta artha yathArtha nahIM hai / nyAyAvatAravRtti meM anyatra vidhi kA artha vidheya kiyA hai arthAt sat ko vidheyAtmaka mAnanevAlA darzana / yaha prastuta artha adhika upayukta lagatA hai / pro0 hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApar3iyA ne vidhi aura niyama kA artha vyAkaraNa prasiddha utsarga evaM apavAda kiyA hai / isa artha ke anusAra vidhivAdI dArzanika ve haiM jo jagat ko nitya mAna rahe haiM aura niyamavAdI dArzanika ve haiM jo jagat ko anitya mAna rahe hoM / saMbhavata: pro0 kApar3iyAjI ne nayacakra meM vAkyapadIya kA atyadhika upayoga hone ke kAraNa uparyukta 1. nyAyAvatAravAtikavRtti, pR0 112. 2. vidhirutpAdaH, bhaMgovyayaH, niyamo dhrauvyamiti tadAtmakaM sakalameva vastu, tasya sAkalyena pratipAdanAn AgamottarANAM na pramANyamiti / nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti, pR0 113. 3. nayacakra, prastAvanA, pR0 15. 4. ....tacca sAmAnyaM vA vizeSo veti vidhireva zabdArtha: syAt / / nyAyAvatAra vR0 pR0 95. 5. jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa, bhAga-3, pR0 116.

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana kalpanA kI hogI / yaha kalpanA sarvathA anupayukta to nahIM hai kyoMki TIkAkAra svayaM kahate haiM ki vidhyAdi cAra ara nityavAdI haiM / ubhayAdi cAra ara nityAnityAtmaka vAdI haiM aura antima niyama Adi cAra ara anityavAdI haiM / isa prakAra vidhi kA artha nitya evaM niyama kA artha anitya kara sakate haiN| vidhi zabda kI carcA karate hue bRhatkalpasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki AnupUrvI, paripATI, krama, nyAya, sthiti, maryAdA aura vidhAna yaha saba vidhizabda ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / isa prakAra vidhi ke vividha paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / AnupUrvI kA artha paramparA, krama hotA hai tathA paripATI kA artha paramparAgat praNAlI yA rIti hotA hai / isa prakAra prastuta artha ko svIkAra kiyA jAya taba vidhi kA artha loka-rUr3hI hotA hai aura usake anusAra prathama vidhi ara meM lokavAda kA kathana hai hI isa prakAra vidhi kA artha praNAlIgata matavAda bhI kara sakate haiM / sthiti aura maryAdA zabda kA artha spaSTa hI hai ataH vidhivAda sthiti ko mAnanevAlA yA kisI nizcita tattva ko mAnanevAlA vAda hai, aisA bhI kara sakate haiM / aba hameM yaha dekhanA cAhie ki A0 mallavAdI ke TIkAkAra siMhasUri prastuta zabdoM kI kyA vyAkhyA karate haiM ? TIkAkAra prathama ara meM kahate haiM ki vidhi aura niyama zabda koI alaukika zabda nahIM haiM kintu loka pracalita zabda hI haiM / mUla granthakAra ne vidhi zabda kA AcAra evaM sthiti artha kiyA hai| TIkAkAra isa zabda kA artha karate hue kahate haiM ki jo sat ko bhAvarUpa mAnate haiM ve vidhivAdI haiM / athavA jo 1. vidhibhaMgAzcatvAra AdyA ubhayabhaMgA madhyamAzcatvAro niyamabhaMgAzcatvAraH pAzcAtyA yathAsaMkhyaM nitya pratijJAH 4, nityAnityapratijJAH 4, anityapratijJAzca 4 // dvAdazAraM nayacakraM-TIkA, pR0 877. aNupuvvI paripADI, kamo va nAmo ThiI ya majjAdA / hoi vihANaM ca tahA, vihIe egaTThiyA huti // 208 / / bRhatkalpa, pR0 67 3. vidhiniyamazabdAvalaukikau iti yaro mA maMsteti, dvA0 na0 pR0 10. 4. vidhirAcAraH sthitiH......dvA0 na0 pR0 10. 5. vidhIyata iti vidhibhAvasAdhano'dhyAtakarthaH dvA0 na0 TI0 pR0 10.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa 33 sat ke kartRtva lakSaNa ko svIkAra karate haiM yA sat kI sattA ko svIkAra karate haiM, ve vidhivAdI haiM / sAtha hI jo vyavahAra, prathA yA rivAja, lokAcAra ko mAnya karatA hai vaha bhI vidhivAdI hai / grantha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki vidhivAda kA anusaraNa karanevAle dravyArthika naya ko mAnanevAle haiM / 1 mUla grantha meM evaM TIkA meM niyama ke artha ke sambandha meM adhika spaSTatA prApta nahIM hotI hai / niyama zabda ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM vAlA aMza mUlagrantha meM truTita hai phira bhI TIkA ke AdhAra para yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jo sthiti ko nahIM mAnate haiM yA tattva ke kevala anitya pakSa ko hI svIkAra karate haiM ve niyamavAdI haiM / 2 niyamavAda paryAyAstika naya kA anusaraNa karatA hai / 3 usake AdhAra para DaoN0 phrAuvAlnera ne vidhivAda zabda kA artha vidheyAtmaka darzana aura niyamavAda kA artha niSedhAtmaka darzana kiyA hai / uparokta carcA ke AdhAra para hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki vidhi zabda kA artha hai sat ke nityatva evaM astitva ko svIkAra karanevAlA pakSa aura niSedha zabda kA artha hai sat ke anityatva yA anastitva ko svIkAra karanevAlA pakSa / vidhi aura niyama zabdoM ke ina arthoM kA anusaraNa karake granthakAra ne unake saMyogoM ke AdhAra para hI dvAdazabheda yA aroM kA sarjana kiyA hai / granthakAra ne vidhi evaM niyama ina do zabdoM ke dvArA samasta bhAratIya darzanoM ko abhihita kiyA hai| vaise bhI dekhA jAya to bhAratIya darzana mukhyatayA do vibhAga meM vibhAjita ho jAte haiN| kucha to vAstavavAdI darzana haiM aura kucha avAstavavAdI darzana haiM / vAstavavAda kA artha hai ki jo bAhya jagat ke anubhUta tathyoM ko vAstavika mAnate haiM arthAt jinake matAnusAra vyAvahArika aura pAramArthika satya meM koI bheda nahIM, satya saba eka hI koTi kA hai cAhe mAtrA kI dRSTi se nyUnAdhika ho athavA jinake matAnusAra pramANa mAtra meM bhAsita 1. dravyArtho vidhiH / dvA0 na0 TI0 pR0 10. 2. Adhikyena yamanaM niyamaH, parasparaprativiviktabhavanAdi lakSaNaH pratikSaNaniyato'vasthAvizeSo yugapadbhAvI ayugapadbhAvI vA vAdiH / dvA0 na0 TI0, pR0 10. 3. paryAyArthastu niyamaH / dvA0 na0 TI0, pR0 10.

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34 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana honevAle sabhI svarUpa vAstavika haiM athavA jinake matAnusAra vAstavika rUpa bhI vANI prakAzya ho sakate haiM / unheM vidhimukha darzana kaha sakate haiM / jaise cArvAka, nyAya, vaizeSika, pUrvamImAMsA, sAMkhya, yoga, vaibhASika, sautrAntika bauddha Adi / jinake matAnusAra bAhya jagat mithyA hai aura Antarika jagat hI parama satya hai arthAt jo darzana satya ke vyAvahArika aura pAramArthika athavA sAMvRttika aura vAstavika aise do bheda karake laukika pramANa-gamya aura vANI prakAzya bhAva ko avAstavika mAnate haiM ve avAstavavAdI haiM / unheM niSedhamukhI arthAt niyamavAdI darzana kaha sakate haiM / jaise zUnyavAdI, vijJAnavAdI aura advaitavedAnta darzana / viSaya-vastu nayoM ke nirUpaNa ke dvArA ekAntavAdI sabhI darzanoM kA nirAkaraNa karake jainadarzana sammata anekAntavAda kI sthApanA karanA hI nayacakra kA mukhya viSaya hai / 2 anekAntAtmaka vastu ke eka deza arthAt eka aMza kA avadhAraNa karanevAlI dRSTi ko naya kahA jAtA hai / 3 aise naya ananta haiM, tathApi nayoM ke dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika aise do bheda prAcIna kAla se hI prasiddha haiM / 5 naigamAdi sAta nayoM kA samAveza bhI unhIM do nayoM meM hotA hai / nayacakra meM vidhi Adi bAraha nayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai / jo anya kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotI / ata: prastuta grantha meM inhIM bAraha nayoM kA Agama-sammata nayoM ke dvividha evaM satavidhi vargIkaraNa ke sAtha sambandha sthApita kiyA gayA hai / AcArya mallavAdI ne vidhi Adi nayoM kA prasiddha do nayoM ke sAtha 1. pramANamImAMsA, prastAvanA, pR0 1-2. 2. eSAmazeSazAsananayArANAM bhagavadarhadvacanamupanibandhanam // dvA0 na0, pR0 876. . 3. dravyAsyAnekAtmano'nyatamaikAtmAvadhAraNameka-deza-nayanAnnayaH / na0 pR0 10. 4. dravyArtha-paryAyArthadvitvAdyanantAnta vikalpa.....dvA0 na0 pR0 6. 5. dravyArtha-paryAyArthanayau dvau mUlabhedau, dvA0 na0 pR0 876.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa 35 sambandha sthApita karate hue kahA hai ki vidhi Adi prathama chaha naya dravyArthika naya ke antargata Ate haiM aura zeSa chaha naya paryAyArthika naya ke antargata 2 isI prakAra vidhi Adi bAraha nayoM kA naigamAdi sAta nayoM meM kisa prakAra antarbhAva hotA hai, yaha AcArya mallavAdI ne nayacakra ke pratyeka ara ke anta meM nirdiSTa kiyA hai / tadanusAra vidhi Adi nayoM kA naigamAdi nayoM meM nimna prakAra se antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai| *** 1. prathama vidhi naya kA antarbhAva vyavahAra naya meM hotA hai / 3 2. dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha ara ke nayoM kA antarbhAva saMgraha naya meM hotA hai / 4 3. paJcama evaM SaSTha ara ke nayoM kA antarbhAva naigama naya meM hotA hai / 5 4. saptama ara ke naya kA antarbhAva RjusUtra meM hotA hai / 6 5. aSTama tathA navama ara ke nayoM kA antarbhAva zabdanaya meM hotA hai / 7 6. dazaveM ara ke naya kA antarbhAva samabhirUr3ha naya meM hotA hai / " 7. gyArahaveM tathA bArahaveM ara ke nayoM kA antarbhAva evaMbhUtanaya meM hotA hai / isa prakAra bAraha nayoM kA sAta prasiddha nayoM meM antarbhAva bhI kiyA gayA hai / nayacakra kA samAnya paricaya ho jAne ke bAda aba hama yaha dekheMge ki usameM nayoM - darzanoM kA kisa krama se utthAna aura nirAsa hai / 1. ayaM SaDbhedo dravyAstikaH upavarNitaH / dvA0 na0 pR0 454. 2. paryAyArthasya SaT nayacakra- - vRtti, pR0 876. 3. vyavahAradezatvAccAsya dravyArthatA / dvA0 na0 pR0 114. 4. saMgahadezatvAccAsya dravyArthatA / dvA0 na0 pR0 244, 334, 373. naigamadezatvAt dravyArtho yam, 414, naigamaikadezatvAd dravyAstika, dvA0 na0 pR0 446. 5. 6. RjusUtradezatvAt paryAyAstikaH, dvA0 na0 pR0 549. 7. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 737 evaM 763. 8. vahI, pR0 789. 9. vahI, pR0 803 evaM 852.

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana (1) vidhi prathama vidhi ara meM ajJAnavAda kA utthAna kiyA gayA hai / yathA lokagrAhya vastu arthAt loka meM jisa prakAra se vastu kA anubhava hotA hai vastu kA svarUpa usI prakAra kA hai| yaha vyavahAranaya kA bheda hai ata: naya kA mAnanA hai ki lokavyavahAra ko pramANa mAnakara apanA vyavahAra calAnA cAhie, isameM zAstra kA kucha kAma nahIM / vibhinna darzanoM ke zAstroM meM vastu svarUpa kA vibhinna zailI se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / koI vastu ko sAmAnya mAnate haiM to koI vishess| ataH zAstroM ke dvArA kisI vastu kA nirNaya nahIM hotA hai / isa bAta ko batAte hue nayacakrakAra ne prArambha meM ekAnta sAmAnyavAdI evaM ekAnta vizeSavAdI ke matoM kI AlocanA kI hai| tatpazcAt sAmAnyavizeSanAnAtvavAda, satkAryavAda, asatkAryavAda Adi kA jo lakSaNa evaM vivecana vibhinna zAstrakAroM ne kiyA hai use bhI nirarthaka evaM asaMgata siddha kiyA hai / itanA hI nahIM ukta vAdoM kA samarthana karanevAle vibhinna dArzanika jina pramANoM ke AdhAra para apane siddhAnta kA sthApanA karanA cAhate haiM ve pramANa bhI yathArtha nahIM haiN| unameM bhI aneka dUSaNa haiM-anya pramANa kI bAta to kyA kareM ve dArzanika pratyakSa pramANa kA bhI nirdoSa-lakSaNa nahIM batA sake / vasubandhu ke pratyakSa lakSaNa meM diGnAga ne doSa dikhAyA hai aura svayaM diGnAga kA pratyakSa lakSaNa bhI aneka doSoM se dUSita hai / yahI hAla sAMkhyoM ke vArSagaNyakRta pratyakSa lakSaNa kA aura vaizeSikoM ke pratyakSa kA hai / ataH zabdoM ke artha jo vyavahAra meM pracalita hoM unheM pramANa mAnakara vyavahAra calAnA caahie| jagata ke sUkSma svarUpa kA jJAna prApta karanA azakya hai aura yadi jJAna prApta bhI ho jAya to usase koI vizeSa lAbha nahIM hotA / ataH jagat ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM ajJAna hI zreyaSkara hai / isa prakAra vidhi ara meM ajJAnavAda kA utthAna kiyA gayA hai / isa ajJAnavAda kA artha hai ki sabhI vastue~ ajJAna-pratibaddha haiM arthAt pUrNataH jJeya nahIM haiM tathA jJAna bhI ajJAna se 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 11. 2. ato vagamyatAM na kiMcidanyat phalaM tacchAstreNa kriyate yallokavyavahAraphalAdatiricya varteta iti tathaivamAdau zAstrArambhaH / vahI, pR0 45.

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37 jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa anuviddha hai arthAt ajJAna se yukta hai| kintu aisA mAnane para jJAna se ajJAna kA koI vizeSa antara nahIM ho sakegA / ataH ajJAna hI zreyaSkara hai / ajJAnavAdI kA mAnanA hai ki amuka phala prApta karane ke lie amuka kriyA karanI cAhie / isa prakAra ajJAnavAdI kriyA-vidhAyI zAstroM ko hI sArthaka mAnate haiM / isa mata kI sthApanA ke rUpa meM 'ko hyetada veda ? kiM vA etena jJAnena' ? vAkya uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / vedokta 'agnihotraM juhuyAt svargakAmaH' Adi kriyAvidhAyI vidhivAkyoM ko mImAMsaka pramANabhUta mAnate haiN| vidhivAdI bhI vidhivAda-ajJAnavAda ko hI pramANabhUta mAnate haiM / 2 jaba vastutattva puruSa ke dvArA jAnA hI nahIM jA sakatA taba apauruSeya zAstra kA Azraya tattvajJAna ke lie nahIM kintu kriyA ke lie hI karanA cAhie / isa prakAra isa ajJAnavAda ko vaidika karmakANDI mImAMsaka mata ke rUpa meM phalita kiyA gayA hai / mImAMsaka sarvazAstra kA yA veda kA tAtparya kriyopadeza meM mAnatA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki zAstra kA prayojana yaha batAne kA hai ki yadi ApakI kAmanA amuka artha prApta karane kI hai to usakA sAdhana amuka kriyA hai / ataeva zAstra kriyA kA upadeza karatA hai / jisake anuSThAna se vyakti kI phalecchA pUrNa ho sakatI hai| yaha mImAMsaka-mata vidhivAda ke nAma se prasiddha bhI hai ataeva AcArya ne dravyArthika naya ke eka bheda vyavahAra naya ke upabheda rUpa se vidhibhaMgarUpa prathama ara meM mImAMsaka ke isa mata ko sthAna diyA hai| prastuta vidhivAda Agama se-jainadarzana se saMbaddha hai yaha dikhAne ke lie AcArya mallavAdI ne bhagavatIsUtra kA eka vAkya uddhata kiyA hai jisameM gautama ke eka prazna kA uttara dete hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki AtmA kathaJcit jJAnavAn hai aura kathaJcit ajJAnI hai / isa prakAra prathama vidhi ara kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 35. 2. vahI, pR0 113. 3. nibandhanaM cAsya :-AtA bhaMte NANe, aNNANe ? gotamA NANe NiyamA AtA, AtA puNa siyA NANe siyA aNNANe / bhagavatIsUtra 12 / 3 / 467 uddhRta dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 115.

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38 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana (2) vidhividhi as nayacakra meM pratyeka ara ke prArambha meM pUrva-pUrva ara ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana kiyA jAtA hai tatpazcAt svamata kA sthApana / yahI zailI, pUre grantha meM Adi se lekara anta taka hai / yahA~ bhI pUrvokta vidhivAda kA arthAt apauruSeya zAstra dvArA kriyopadeza ke samarthana meM ajJAnavAda kA jo Azraya liyA gayA hai usameM truTi dikhAI gaI hai| ajJAnavAda kA khaNDana karane ke lie yaha vikalpa uThAyA gayA hai ki yadi lokatattva puruSoM ke dvArA ajJeya hI hai to phira ajJAnavAda ke dvArA sAmAnya-vizeSAdi ekAntavAdoM kA jo khaNDana kiyA gayA hai vaha una tattvoM ko jAnakara yA binA jAne hI, yadi unheM jAnakara khaNDana kiyA gayA hai, yaha kahA jAye to phira svavacana virodha AtA hai aura yadi yaha kahA jAye ki binA jAne khaNDana kiyA gayA hai to binA jAne khaNDana ho hI kaise sakatA ? tattva ko jAnanA yaha yadi niSphala ho to zAstroM meM pratipAdita vastutattva kA pratiSedha ajJAnavAdI ne jo kiyA vaha bhI kyoM ? zAstra kriyA kA upadeza karatA hai yaha mAna liyA jAya taba bhI jo saMsevya arthAt upabhogya viSaya hai, unake svarUpa kA jJAna to Avazyaka hI hai| anyathA iSTArtha meM pravRtti hI kaise hogI ? jisa prakAra yadi vaidya ko auSadhi ke rasa-vIrya-vipAkAdi kA jJAna na ho to vaha amuka roga meM amuka auSadhi kAryakara hogI yaha nahIM kaha sakatA vaise hI amuka yAga karane se svarga milegA yaha bhI binA jAne kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? ataeva kArya-kAraNa ke atIndriya sambandha ko jAnanevAlA ho taba hI svargAdi ke sAdhanoM kA upadeza kara sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| ata: ajJAnavAda kA Azraya lene para kisI prakAra se agnihotraM juyAt vAkya vidhi vAkya rUpa se siddha nahIM ho sakatA / isa prasaMga meM satkAryavAda aura asatkAryavAda ke ekAnta meM bhI doSa die gae haiM / yahA~ pUrvokta vidhivAda pratipAdita kriyAvAda aura ajJAnavAda kA pratiSedha karake advaitavAdoM kI sthapanA kI gaI hai / yahA~ vidhividhi zabda kA artha caitanya AtmasvarUpa meM pravRtti kiyA gayA hai / isakA zAbdika artha yaha ho sakatA ki vidhi kI vidhi arthAt vidhi svarUpa jagat kI vidhi arthAt vidhi svarUpa jagat kI vidhi

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa 39 arthAt usake kAraNa kA vidhAna karanA / eka hI kAraNa se nAnA svarUpa isa jagat kI utpatti hotI hai yahI isa ara kA mantavya hai / sarvaprathama puruSa ko hI sRSTi kA kAraNa mAnakara puruSAdvaitavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / isameM puruSa hI sarvajJa AtmA hai, karma hai evaM kAraNa hai aisA mAnA gayA hai aura use siddha kiyA gayA hai / puruSa hI sarvAtmaka hai isa siddhAnta ko sthApita karane ke lie 'puruSa evedaM sarva yad bhUtaM yacca bhavyaM ityAdi zukla yajurveda ke mantra kA AdhAra liyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt puruSavAda kA khaNDana karake niyativAda kI sthApanA karate hue kahA hai ki niyati se hI sRSTi kI utpatti huI hai aura niyati hI sarvakAryoM ke prati ekamAtra kAraNa hai / isa prakAra niyati-advaitavAda kI sthApanA kI hai / AcArya mallavAdI ne isa niyativAda kA khaNDana kAlavAda ke dvArA karAyA hai| niyati kAla ke binA kArya nahIM kara sakatI hai ataH kAla hI jagat kA kAraNa hai aisA batAyA gayA hai / kAlAdvaitavAda kA khaNDana svabhAvAdvaitavAda se karAyA hai / isa sRSTi kI racanA svabhAvataH hI hotI hai ataH svabhAva hI sRSTi kA ekamAtra kAraNa hai aisA prastuta siddhAnta kA mantavya hai / svabhAvavAda kA khaNDana bhAvavAda ne kiyA hai / jagat ke sabhI padArthoM meM bhavanaM bhAvaH isa prakAra kA advaita anusyUta hai / isa ara meM puruSAdi vAdoM ke prastutIkaraNa kA kAraNa batAte hue paM0 mAlavaNiyAjI ne batAyA hai ki ajJAna virodhI jJAna hai aura jJAna hI caitana AtmA hai, vahI puruSa hai ataeva yahA~ ajJAnavAda ke bAda puruSavAda rakhA gayA hai / isa puruSavAda kA jainadarzana se samanvaya bhagavatIsUtra ke - 'kiM bhayavaM / eke bhavaM, duve bhavaM, akkhue bhavaM, avvae bhavaM, avaTThie bhavaM, aNegabhUtabhavvabhavie bhavaM / somilA, eke vi ahaM duvevi ahaM....' vAkya se mAnA gayA hai / (3) vidhyubhaya as - dvitIya vidhividhi ara meM advaitavAdiyoM kI carcA kI gaI hai / 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 245.

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dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana advaitavAdi jagat meM eka hI mUlatattva ko svIkArate haiN| sabhI advaitavAdiyoM ne mUla tattva eka hI mAnA hai tathApi usake nAmoM meM bhinnatA hai / usI advaitavAda kAM nirAsa karake dvaitavAda kA sthApana karanA prastuta ara kA uddezya hai / puruSAdvaita ke nirAsa dvArA sAMkhyadarzana ne puruSa aura prakRti ke dvaita kI sthApanA kI hai / 40 vidhi-ubhaya zabda kA vivecana hama isa prakAra kara sakate haiM vidhi kA vidhi evaM niyama arthAt vidhi kA svIkAra evaM asvIkAra, ina donoM dRSTiyoM kA samanvaya karanevAlA ara / vidhi kI vidhi ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama sAMkhyoM ne prakRti kA sthApana kiyA hai / ekarUpa prakRti nAnA kAryoM kA sampAdana karatI hai yaha sAMkhyoM kA siddhAnta hai, kintu aisA mAnane para puruSAdvaitavAda para kie gae sabhI AkSepa sAMkhya saMmata prakRti ko sAmana rUpa se lAgU par3eMge / ataH sAMkhyoM kA pradhAna kAraNavAda bhI khaNDita ho jAyegA / isa prasaMga meM satkAryavAda evaM triguNoM kA bhI khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra sAMkhya mata kA vidhividhi-vAda ke viruddha meM utthAna karane para bhI doSayukta hone ke kAraNa asvIkAra karate hue prakRtivAda ke sthAna meM IzvaravAda kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai / prakRti kAraNavAda kA khaNDana sarvasarvAtmavAdI ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai aura sAMkhya ke dvaitavAda ke sthAna para IzvaravAdiyoM ne anya dvaitavAda kI sthApanA kI hai / tadanusAra bhAvya jagat aura usake adhiSThAtA bhavitA Izvara donoM kI sattA hai / isa IzvaravAda kA samarthana zvetAzvataropaniSada eko vazI niSkriyANAM bahUnAmekaM bIjaM bahudhA yaH karoti (6.12) ityAdi kArikA ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / jaina paramparA meM isakA sambandha prajJApanA sUtra ke "duvihA paNNavaNA paNNattA jIva paNNavaNA, ajIva paNNavaNA ca / evaM kimidaM bhaMte / loe pavuccai ! goyamA ! jIva ceva ajIva ceva" (sthAnAMga sUtra ke) ukta vAkyoM ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai / 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 334.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa 41 (4) vidhiniyama as sarvaprathama tRtIya arokta IzvaravAda kA savistara, sayuktika khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / kahA gayA hai ki prANI ke sukha yA duHkha svakRta zubha yA azubha karma ke AdhIna haiM / ataH saMsAra ke prANiyoM kA Izvara una prANiyoM se bhinna koI pRthagAtmA nahIM, kintu sarva prANI apane-apane Izvara haiM / jagat kA koI AdikartA Izvara hai hI nahIM / prANiyoM ke apane-apane karma hI sukhAdi meM kAraNa hone se karma hI Izvara hai, itanA hI nahIM karma ke kAraNa hI jIva pravRtti karatA hai aura tadanurUpa phala bhogatA hai / isa prakAra karma ke prAdhAnya ko sthApita karate hue IzvaravAda kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt AtmA evaM karma meM abheda sthApita karate hue kahA hai ki AtmA hI karmarUpa banatA hai aura karma hI AtmArUpa banatA hai / ataH karma evaM AtmA meM abheda hai| jagat ke sabhI cetanAcetana padArtha anyonyAtma svarUpa pariNata hote haiM / isa prakAra yahA~ IzvaravAda ke viruddha puruSa karma kA sthApana kiyA hai / AcArya mallavAdI ne kahA hai ki jisa prakAra puruSa ke binA karma kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, usI prakAra karma ke binA puruSa kI pravRtti bhI nahIM hotI hai / ataeva unameM paraspara sApekSatva hai / donoM kA kartRtva bhI paraspara sApekSa hai| eka pariNAmaka hai to dUsarA pariNAmI hai, ataeva donoM meM aikya hai / isI AdhAra para anta meM sarvaikya siddha kiyA gayA hai aura sarvasarvAtmakatA kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai| isa naya kA antarbhAva saMgrahanaya meM hotA hai / isa naya kA kathana hai saba eka haiM, saba padArtha anyonyAtmaka hone se yaha siddha hotA hai ki "ekaM sarva sarvaM caikama" arthAt eka hI saba hai aura saba eka hai| sarvaM khalu idaM brahma isa naya kA AdhAra-vAkya hai| nitya sarvAtmaka dravya kA kathana hI isa naya kA pratipAdya hai / pUrvokta paramparA ke anusAra isa ara kA sambandha jaina AMgama AcArAMgasUtra ke 'je egaNAme se bahuNAme' vAkya ke sAtha sthApita kiyA gayA hai| 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 375.

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42 (5) ubhayam - caturtha ara meM karma evaM bhAva kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| usake dvArA sarvasarvAtmaka vAda kA sthApana bhI kiyA gayA hai / aba yaha prazna uThatA hai ki yadi sarvasarvAtmaka hai taba kevala dravya kI hI sattA siddha hotI hai kintu usameM honevAlI kriyA bhAvarUpa hai yA nahIM ? kevala dravya ko hI mAnane para usameM kriyA kI upapatti kaise hogI ? isa prakAra aneka prazna upasthita karake dravya hI paramArtha svarUpa hai aisA jo caturtha ara kA mantavya hai usakA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / dravya tathA kriyA donoM svatantra padArtha haiM aisA ubhaya naya kA mantavya yahA~ sthApita kiyA gayA hai / ubhaya ara kA artha hai vidhi-niyama / yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki vidhi niyama rUpa caturtha ara aura isa ara meM antara hai / caturtha ara kA artha hai vidhi kA niyama arthAt vidhi kA niSedha hai, jabaki paJcama ara vidhiniyama-ubhayAtmakatA ko siddha karatA hai / vidhi-niyama ubhaya kA artha hai vastu meM dravya evaM kriyA paryAya ubhaya kI svIkRti / dravya aura kriyA rUpa do bhinna vastuoM kA svIkAra hI prastuta naya kA kathana hai / isa naya meM dravya aura kriyA-paryAya, donoM ko padArtha - svarUpa svIkRta kiyA gayA hai / dravyazUnya kriyA nahIM hotI hai, apitu dravya kI kriyA hotI hai, ataH dravya aura kriyA donoM ko vastu-svarUpa svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai, anyathA dravyaM bhavati isa vAkya meM punarukti doSa AyegA / isa naya kA tAtparya yaha hai ki dravya aura kriyA kA tAdAtmya hai / dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana isa naya ko naigama naya meM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai naigama naya dravyArthika naya hai / A0 mallavAdI ne isa ara kA sambandha bhagavatIsUtra ke "atthittaM atthitte pariNamati (1.3.32) ke sAtha jor3A hai / 1 (6) ubhayavidhi as isa ara meM paJcama ara meM sthApita kie gae dravya evaM kriyA donoM ko 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 415.

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43 jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa bhinna-bhinna padArtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kie gae haiM / isa naya meM dravya aura paryAya donoM ko eka-dUsare se svatantra yA bhinna-bhinna mAnA gayA hai / ubhaya arthAt vidhi-niyama, sAmAnya-vizeSa, utsarga-apavAda ina donoM kI vidhi arthAt donoM kI svatantratA kA svIkAra / isa ara meM vaizeSika saMmata dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, samavAya Adi padArthoM kA nirUpaNa bheda pradhAna dRSTi se kiyA hai| prastuta ara kA samAveza naigama naya meM kiyA gayA hai| usakA sambandha jaina Agama grantha ke jIvAbhigama sUtra ke nimna uddharaNa se batAyA gayA hai : imANaM bhaMte ! rataNappabhA puDhavI kiM sAsatA, asAsatA ? gotamA ! siyA sAsatA siyA asAsatA / se keNatuNaM bhaMte ! evaM vuccati-siyA sAsatA asAsatti ? (3.1.78)1 (7) ubhayobhayam prArambha meM vaizeSika darzana mAnya sattA evaM samavAya kA savistAra khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| sattAdi padArthoM kA nirAsa karake apohavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / ubhayobhayam meM ubhaya kA artha hai sAmAnya evaM vizeSa--ye donoM kA ubhaya yAni bhAva tathA abhAva / isameM sAmAnya evaM vizeSa donoM kA svatantra astitva evaM donoM kA abhAva arthAt donoM ke svatantra nahIM hone, ina donoM pakSoM ko svIkRta kiyA gayA hai / prastuta ara RjusUtra naya kA bheda mAnA gayA hai tathA jainadarzana meM usakA sambandha bhagavatIsUtra ke "AtAbhaMte poggale, No AtA ? gotamA siyA AtA paramANuyoggalA, siyA No AtA' (12.10.469)2 ke sAtha sthApita kiyA. gayA hai| (8) ubhayaniyama prArambha meM pUrvokta apohavAda kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / isameM ubhaya 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 450-451. 2. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 737.

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44 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana kA niyama arthAt vidhi-niyama kA niyama donoM ke tAdAtmya kA niSedha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ vidhi gauNa hai aura niyama (niSedha) mukhya hai / apohavAda kA khaNDana karake zabdAdvaita kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / tatpazcAt zabdAdvaita ke viruddha jJAnavAda ko rakhA hai / jJAnavAda kA sthApana karate hue kahA gayA hai prakRti aura nivRtti jJAna ke binA sambhava nahIM hai / zabda to jJAna kA sAdhana mAtra hai ataH zabda kI apekSA jJAna hI pradhAna hai / jJAnavAda ke viruddha sthApanA nikSepa kA nirviSayaka jJAna hotA nahIMisakA yukti se utthAna hai / zAbdabodha jo hogA usakA viSaya kyA mAnA jAya ? jAti yA apoha ? yahA~ apoha kA khaNDana karake jAti kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / yaha zabdanaya kA bheda mAnA gayA hai aura isakA sambandha nandIsUtra ke "duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagamekaM purisaM paDucca sAdiyaM sapajjavasIyaM" ke sAtha sthApita kiyA gayA hai / ( 9 ) niyama isa ara meM prArambha meM pUrvokta ara meM sthApita jAtivAda kA khaNDana vizeSavAda ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| aura phira vizeSavAda ke viruddha meM jAtivAda kA utthAna kiyA gayA hai / isa ara meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke ekAntavAda, anyatvavAda, dvitvavAda, ubhayAtmakavAda evaM anyatara pradhAna-vAda kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vastu ke svarUpa kA kathana hI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / ataH vastu avaktavya hai / isa ara meM zabdanaya kA Azraya lekara carcA kI gaI hai / yahA~ niyama zabda kA artha avaktavya kiyA hai / isa ara kA sambandha Agama ke "imANaM rayaNappabhA puDhavI AtA no AtA ? goyamA appaNo Adi AtA, parassa Adi no AtA tadubhayassa Adi ke avattavvaM / ke sAtha sthApita kiyA hai / 2 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 737. 2. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 764.

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jaina dArzanika paramparA kA vikAsa 45 (10) niyamavidhi prArambha meM avaktavyatA kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI sAtha avayava-avayavI, dharma-dharmI Adi kA bhI khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / isa naya kA lakSya bhAvasvarUpa vizeSa-padArtha siddha karanA hai / kahA gayA hai ki dravyotpatti guNarUpa hai, anya kucha nahIM hai / rathAMga hI ratha hai arthAt dravya jaisI koI svatantra vastu nahIM, guNa hI guNa hai| prastuta ara samabhirUr3ha naya meM antarbhUta hotA hai / isa ara kA sambandha Agama ke kaIvihe NaM bhante ! bhAva-paramANu pannate ? goyamA ! cauvvihe paNNattevaNNavante, gaMdhavaMte, phAsavatte, rasavatte / isa vAkya ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| (11) niyamobhayam yaha naya kSaNika padArthoM ko hI mAnatA hai / isa naya ke anusAra utpatti hI vinAza hai| vastu pratikSaNa anyatva ko prApta hotI hai| jaise bhAva nikSepa kevala vartamAna kSaNa ko hI mAnatA hai usI prakAra prastuta naya kA mAnanA hai ki vastu kevala kSaNasthAyI hai arthAt kSaNikavAda hI prastuta ara kA vaktavya hai / yahA~ nirhetuka vinAzavAda ke Azraya se sarvarUpAdi vastu kI kSaNikatA siddha kI gaI hai aura pradIpazikhA ke dRSTAnta se vastu kI kSaNikatA kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| / prastuta ara evaMbhUtanaya kA bheda hai / isa ara kA sambandha Agama ke imANaM bhaMte ! rayaNappabhA puDhavI kiM sAsatA asAsatA ? ke sAtha joDA gayA (12) niyamaniyama isa ara meM pUrvokta kSaNikavAda kA khaNDana karake zUnyavAda kA 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 792. 2. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 805.

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana sthApana kiyA gayA hai| niyama kA niyama, niSedha kA niSedha arthAt isa niyama kSaNikavAda dvArA sthApita vastu kA niyama arthAt khaNDana karake vijJAnavAda kI sthApanA kahI gaI hai| isa ara meM vijJAnavAda evaM zUnyavAda donoM kA maNDana evaM khaNDana donoM kiye gaye haiM aura anta meM syAdvAda ke Azraya se vastu ko asti aura nAsti rUpa siddha karake zUnyavAda ke viruddha puruSAdi vAdoM kI sthApanA karake usakA nirAsa kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra khaNDana-maNDana kA yaha cakra calatA hI rahatA hai / ekaeka vAda pUrva-pUrva vAda kA khaNDana karatA hai aura apane pakSa kA sthApana karatA hai kintu ina sabhI pakSoM kA satyatva tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba ve eka sAtha mileM, arthAt sabhI vAdoM kA samUha hI satya hai aura vahI syAdvAda hai /

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dvitIya adhyAya anubhava aura buddhivAda kI samasyA sAmAnyatayA mAnavIya jJAna aindrika anubhUti para nirbhara rahatA hai kintu isake sAtha hI manuSya kI tarkabuddhi bhI jJAna kA eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana mAnI jAtI hai / yadyapi tarkabuddhi kA AdhAra bhI aindrika anubhUtiyA~ hI hotI haiM kintu tarkabuddhi unase bhI Age jAkara jJAnAtmaka sAmAnya nirNaya pradAna karatI hai / anubhUti aura tarkabuddhi ko sAmAnyatayA jJAna ke prAmANika sAdhanoM ke rUpa meM ati prAcIna kAla se hI svIkRti prApta huI hai kintu ina donoM ke atirikta zruti, Agama yA zabda bhI prAmANika jJAna kA eka pramukha sAdhana mAnA jAtA rahA hai / jaba hama zabda pramANa kI carcA karate haiM taba bhI hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki usakA AdhAra bhI atIndriya anubhUti hI hai / AdhyAtmika evaM jJAnAtmaka dRSTi se vikasita vyaktiyoM ke jo atIndriya anubhava hote haiM ve hI jAti yA AgamapramANa ke rUpa meM mAnya kie jAte haiM / 2 yadyapi zabda pramANa yA 1. AtmA vA are dRSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyaH / maitriya ! Atmano vA are darzanena zravaNena matyA vijJAnenedaM sarvaM viditam // AgamenAnumAnena dhyAnAbhyAsarasena ca / tridhA prakalpayan prajJAM labhate yogamuttamam // 2. sakalAvaraNamuktAtma kevalaM yat prakAzate / pratyakSaM sakalArthAtmasatata pratibhAsanam // 27 // bRhad AraNyakopaniSad 2.4.5 yogasUtra 1.48 ke bhASya meM uddhRta nyAyAvatAravArtika-vRtti, pR0 3

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dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana Agama pramANa meM jJAna kA AdhAra to aindrika yA atIndriya anubhUtiyA~ hI hotI haiM kintu una kathanoM kA prAmANya svIkAra karane ke lie zraddhA kA tattva hI pramukha hotA hai / isa prakAra jJAna ke kSetra meM tIna pramukha tattva hote haiM / anubhUti, tarkabuddhi aura AsthA / bhAratIya nyAya meM jo tIna pramukha pramANa mAne gae haiM ve inhIM tIna tattvoM para AdhArita haiM / pratyakSa pramANa kA AdhAra anubhUti hai / yadyapi anubhUti aindrika aura atIndriya donoM ho sakatI hai / anumAna kA AdhAra tarkabuddhi aura Agama yA zabda pramANa kA AdhAra AsthA yA zraddhA ho sakatI hai / isa prakAra mAnavIya jJAna ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM anubhUti, tarka aura zraddhA ke tattva haiM / 48 1 dArzanikoM meM yadyapi mAnavIya jJAna ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM ina tattvoM ke svIkAra karane meM koI virodha nahIM hai kintu ina tInoM meM kauna-sA tattva pramANabhUta hai ? isa prazna ko lekara dArzanika jagat meM eka vivAdAtmaka sthiti banI rahI hai / aneka avasaroM para ina tInoM ke AdhAra para prApta jJAna meM paraspara virodha pAyA jAtA hai| aisI paristhiti meM yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa meM uThatA hai ki inameM se kisa ko pramANa mAnA jAe aura kise apramANa / anubhUti aura tarka tathA tarka aura zraddhA ke virodha kA prazna darzana jagat meM prAcIna kAla se bahuta carcita rahA hai / jahA~ anubhavavAdI dArzanikoM ne anubhUti kI prAmANikatA ko svIkAra kiyA vahA~ buddhivAdI paramparA meM anubhUti meM bhrAnti kI saMbhAvanA ko siddha karake tarkabuddhi ko hI ekamAtra jJAna kA AdhAra mAnA hai / isI kAraNa prAcIna kAla se Adhunika yuga taka darzana ke kSetra meM anubhavavAdI aura buddhivAdI dArzanikoM kI svatantra paramparAe~ calatI rahI haiM / Adhunika pAzcAtya dArzanikoM meM eka ora rene dekArta, spInojA Adi dArzanikoM kI paramparA rahI to dUsarI ora laoNka, barkale Adi anubhavavAdI dArzanikoM kI paramparA bhI rahI hai / yadyapi pazcima meM kANTa jaise kucha dArzanika aise bhI hue haiM jinhoMne ina donoM paramparAoM ke madhya samanvaya ke sUtra khoje haiN| yadyapi vaha samanvaya kitanA saphala huA yaha kahanA Aja bhI kaThina hai / pazcima ke samakAlIna dArzanikoM meM bhI anubhUti banAma tarkabuddhi kA prazna abhI bhI bahucarcita hai /

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anubhava aura buddhivAda kI samasyA 49 zruti aura tarkabuddhi kA vivAda zurU se darzana kI apekSA darzana aura dharma kA vivAda adhika hai / jahA~ dhArmika dArzanikoM ne tarka ke sthAna para Agama ko mahattA dI aura yaha mAnA ki tarka kA kArya Agama kI pramANatA ko siddha karanA hai na ki Agama pramANa kA hI unmUlana karanA / jabaki vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa vAle dArzanikoM ne Agama kI pramANatA para sadaiva hI prazna cihna lagAyA hai| . jahA~ taka bhAratIya darzana kA prazna hai usameM bhI anubhUti aura tarkabuddhi tathA Agama (zruti) kA vivAda prAcIna kAla se hI rahA hai / jahA~ cArvaka jaise dArzanikoM ne anubhUti ko hI ekamAtra pramANa svIkAra kiyA vahIM jaina aura bauddha darzana ne prAcIna sAhitya meM anubhUti ke sAtha-sAtha tarkabuddhi ko bhI sthAna diyA / yadyapi ina donoM bhAratIya darzanoM meM anubhUti kI avamAnanA kI ho aisI bAta nahIM hai / dhArmika praznoM ke saMdarbha meM bhI buddha aura mahAvIra donoM ne anubhUti ke sAtha-sAtha prajJA evaM tarkabuddhi tattva ko bhI pramukhatA dI hai / jahA~ mahAvIra ne uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM 'samikkhae dhamma' kaha kara tarkabuddhi ke mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA vahIM buddha ne zraddhA ke sthAna para tarka ko pratiSThita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / yadyapi buddha aura mahAvIra donoM anubhUti kI apekSA nahIM karate haiM / ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki tarka kA AdhAra bhI anubhUti hI hai / yadyapi paravartI yuga meM jaina aura bauddha darzanoM meM zraddhA kA tattva praviSTa huA / vizeSa rUpa meM jaina dArzanikoM ne to spaSTa rUpa se Agama kI pramANatA ko svIkAra kiyA bhI / bhAratIya paramparA ke anya Astika kahe jAnevAle darzanoM meM mImAMsA ne jahA~ zruti ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA vahA~ AcArya zaMkara ne zruti aura tarka ke bIca eka samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA / isa prakAra bhAratIya cintana meM bhI anubhUti banAma tarka aura tarka banAma zruti (zraddhA) ke dArzanika vivAda prAcIna kAla se hI upasthita rahe haiM / yadyapi bhAratIya cintana kI samanvayavAdI paramparA ne unake bIca yathAsaMbhava saMtulana banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki yaha vivAda bhAratIya cintana kI apekSA pAzcAtya darzanoM meM adhika mukhara rahA hai|

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dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana hamAre samAlocya cintaka AcArya mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne bhI apane grantha 'dvAdazAranayacakra' meM bhI prakArAntara se isa samasyA ko prastuta kiyA hai / anubhUti ko pradhAnatA denevAle anubhavavAda ko lokavAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / AcArya mallavAdI kI dRSTi meM lokavAda vaha paramparA hai jahA~ laukika anubhUti kI pradhAnatA hI lokavAda kA pramukha AdhAra hai / isalie isa rUpa meM vaha tarkavAda kA virodhI darzana hai / isalie lokavAda kA eka rUpa ajJAnavAda bhI mAnA gayA hai / ajJAnavAda anubhUti ke Upara tarka kI mahattA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / ajJAnavAda tarkabuddhivAda kA virodhI darzana hai aura isI kAraNa se ise ajJAnavAda aisA nAma milA hai / 50 jaina prAcIna AgamoM meM dArzanika paramparAoM ko cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai-kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda / ' sUtrakRtAMga meM ajJAnavAdiyoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai / 2 bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM bhI ajJAnavAdiyoM kI eka paramparA ko sUcita kiyA gayA hai / 3 paravartI jaina granthoM meM ajJAnavAda ke samarthaka RSiyoM ke nAma bhI upalabdha hote haiM / aMgaprajJapti meM ajJAnavAdI nimna RSiyoM ke nAma milate haiM- zAkalya, valkala, kuzubhi, satyamuni, nArAyaNa, kaTha, mAdyadina, bhoja, paippalAyana, bAdarAyana, stiSThika, daityakAyana, vasu, jaimini Adi / kintu durbhAgya se isa 1. cauvihA samosaraNA paNNattA, taMjahA - kiriyAvAdI, akiriyAvAdI, aNNANavAdI, veNavAdI / bhaga0 30/27, sthA0 4 4 | 345. sarvArtha si0 811 2. cattAri samosaraNANimANi, pAdAduyA jAI puDhA vayaMti / kiriyaM akiriyaM viNayaM ti taiyaM, aNNANamAhaMsu cautthameva // annANA evamimAni aneka vihitAni diTThigatAni...... 3. 4. sUtra0 12/1 saMyuttanikAya, pR0 474. zAkalya-brAskala-kuthubhi, - sAtyamuni -rANAyana - kaTha - madhyandina-moda-pippalAda - bAdarAya sviSThakRda - Dani - kAtyAyana - - jaimini - - vasu-prabhRtayaH sUrayo sanmArgamenaM pradyanti / tattvArthAdhigamasUtra- svopajJabhASyaTIkAlaMkRtam, dvitIya bhAgaH, pR0 123. 5. aNNANadiTThINaM sAyalla-vakkala - kuhumi saccamugi-NArAyaNa - kaTha-majjhaMdiNa- bhoyayeppalAyana-vAyarAyaNa-siddhikka - detikAyaNa - vasu-jemaNipamuhANaM sagasaTThI / aMgapaNNatti, pR0 46

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anubhava aura buddhivAda kI samasyA 51 paramparA ke kaI grantha avaziSTa nahIM raha pAe haiM / isalie yaha paramparA apane mUla svarUpa meM kisa rUpa meM thI yaha jAna pAnA kaThina hai / phira bhI jitane jaina aura bauddha Agama meM sandarbha upalabdha hote haiM unase itanA anumAna to kiyA hI jAtA hai ki ajJAnavAda tarkabuddhi kI apekSA anubhUti arthAt indriya pratyakSa ko hI pradhAnatA detA thA / Age hama pAzcAtya anubhavavAdI paramparA aura bhAratIya ajJAnavAda (anubhUtivAda aura lokavAda) kI carcA kareMge / I bhAratIya cintana meM anubhavavAda kA prAcIna rUpa ajJAnavAda hI rahA hai mallavAdI ne isI ajJAnavAda ko lokavAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / 1 aupaniSadika yuga se hI yaha prazna cintakoM ke samAne thA ki vastutattva kA bodha AtmAnubhUti - indriyAnubhUti se hotA hai yA tarkabuddhi se ? aupaniSadika RSi mukhyataH vastutattva ko yA parama sattA ko na to indriyagrAhya aura na buddhigrAhya, phira bhI vaha use anubhavagamya avazya mAnate haiM / bhAratIya cintana meM vastutattva ko na to indriya kA viSaya mAnA gayA aura na buddhi kA apitu use aparokSAnubhUti kA hI viSaya mAnA gayA hai / isa prakAra bhAratIya cintana meM anubhavavAdI paramparA do dhArAoM meM vibhAjita hokara bahatI rahI hai| eka ve loga the jo vastutattva yA sattA ko mAtra indriyAnubhUti kA viSaya mAnate the / isa paramparA meM cArvaka yA lokAyata darzana kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai / 2 lokAyata darzana ke bIja aupaniSadika yuga meM bhI suspaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hote haiM / 3 yahI lokAyata darzana mallavAdI ke nayacakra meM lokavAda ke rUpa meM prastuta huA hai / A0 mallavAdI ne usakI vidhinaya ke rUpa meM carcA kI hai| yaha vicAradhArA yaha mAnatI hai ki vastutattva tarka - gamya nahIM hai / kyoMki tarka to mAnasika vikalpoM kA hI eka rUpa hai aura isalie vaha vastu kA abhava karane meM asamartha hai / 4 vastu to anubhava gamya hI hai / " anubhavavAdI paramparA 1. pramANamImAMsA, pR0 1. 2. pramANamImAMsA, pR0 1 3. bhUtAni yoniH zvetAzva0 1.2 > 4. pratyakSApramANIkaraNe sarvaviparyayAyattistarkataH / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 46 5. yathAlokagrAhamevavastu | vahI, pR0 11

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52 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana yaha mAnatI hai ki vastu jaisI hotI hai usI rUpa meM usakA grahaNa indriya ke dvArA hotA hai / jo tattva hamArI anubhUti kA viSaya nahIM bana sakatA use sat nahIM kahA jA sakatA / vaha to kevala bhrama yA asat hai / anubhavavAdI jAgatika anubhUti ke viSaya ko hI ekamAtra sat mAnate haiM / kintu pAzcAtya cintana meM anubhavavAda, jisakA prArambha aindrika anubhUti ke viSaya ko hI sat ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane ke rUpa meM huA thA, kintu itizrI pratyayavAda yA saMdehavAda ke rUpa meM huI / bhArata meM bhI yaha anubhavavAdI paramparA Age calakara bauddhoM ke vijJAnavAda yA zUnyavAda meM pariNata ho gaI / jaba eka bAra yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki vastu kA svarUpa vahI hai jo ki hamAre aindrika anubhava kA viSaya hai to aneka prazna upasthita hote haiM / pahalA prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki indriya vastu ko usI rUpa meM grahaNa karatI hai jisa rUpa meM vaha hai yA kisI anya rUpa meM ? mUla prazna to yaha hai ki hamArA yaha anubhavajanya jJAna indriyAzrita hai yA anubhavAzrita ? A0 mallavAdI ne apane grantha dvAdazAranayacakraM meM isa anubhavavAdI paramparA yA lokavAda kA prastutIkaraNa nimna rUpa meM kiyA hai-ve ajJAnavAda, lokavAda, anubhAvavAda kA prastutIkaraNa karate hue sarvaprathama yahI batAte haiM ki janasAdhAraNa jisa rUpa meM vastu ko jAnatA hai vahI vastusvarUpa hai (yathA lokagrAhyamevavastu) 1 isa mUla sUtra kI puSTi meM yaha tarka diyA jAtA hai ki buddhi ke viSaya sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI siddhi na to svataH hotI hai aura na to parataH / 2 vizeSa ke abhAva meM sAmAnya kI koI sattA nahIM hai aura na sAmAnya ke abhAva meM vizeSa kI koI sattA hai / yadi sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM hI siddha na hoM to vastu kaise siddha hogI ? isalie tarkazAstra meM vizeSa prayatna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / 3 sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM hI buddhi ke dvArA grAhya haiM, arthAt ve buddhi ke vikalpa hI haiM / dravyaguNa karma kA na to sAmAnya 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 7 2. svapara viSayatAyAM sAmAnyavizeSayoranupapatteH / vahI, pR0 11 3. parIkSakAbhimAninAM tu tIrthyAnAM svaparaviSayatAyAM sAmAnya- 1 ya-vizeSayoranupapatterasaMstato lokAbhiprAyAd vivekayatnaH zAstreSviti / vahI, TIkA, pR0 11

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53 anubhava aura buddhivAda kI samasyA aura na to vizeSa hai, kyoMki sAmAnya ke abhAva meM vizeSa ko aura vizeSa ke abhAva meM sAmAnya ko siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vastusvarUpa kA jo bhI nirdhAraNa buddhi dvArA hotA hai vaha vikalpAtmaka hI hotA hai / ataH buddhi ko vastutattva kA grAhaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / jaise pUrvApara bhedavAlI prakRti, prakRti se bhinna anya koI padArtha, nitya padArtha yA kSaNika padArtha hI sat hai / aisA bhinna-bhinna matAvalambiyoM kA mantavya hai jo paraspara virodhAtmaka aura khaNDanAtmaka hai / ata: usase anapekSita vastu jo lokavAda arthAt janasAdhAraNa dvArA grAhya hai vahI sat hai / arthAt eka hI sat ko vibhinna dArzanika apane-apane dRSTikoNa se eka yA aneka, nitya yA anitya, prakRtisvarUpa yA prakRti se bhinna, bhedAtmaka yA abhedAtmaka isa prakAra vibhinna virodhI mantavyoM ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN| isase sat ke vAstavika svarUpa kA bodha nahIM ho pAtA ata: loka-grAhya vastutattva hI zreya hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki anubhavavAdI cintana kI dRSTi meM vastu kA jo anubhUti-grAhya svarUpa hai vahI sat hai / anubhavavAdI vicAraka na kevala tarka-buddhi ke prAmANya ko asvIkAra karate haiM apitu Agama ke prAmANya ko bhI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki veda yA zruti kyA hai? kyA vaha anubhUtiyoM se bhinna koI bAta kahatI hai ? yadi veda anubhUti kI hI bAta karate haiM taba anubhUti se bhinna unakA apanA koI prAmANya hI nahIM raha jAtA aura yadi ve anubhUti se bhinna koI pratipAdana karate haiM to anubhUti ke virodhI hone ke kAraNa unakA prAmANya svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / punaH veda (zruti) kA jJAna kisake dvArA hotA hai ? yadi vaha jJAna anubhUtyAzrita hai taba anubhUti se bhinna usakA prAmANya mAnane kA koI artha 1. yadi sAmAnyam, tat AtmA na bhavati, anekArthaviSayatvAt sAmAnyasya, athAtmA tato na sAmAnyam ekatvAdAtmanaH, senAhastinoriva / vahI, pR0 11-12 2. pUrvaM yathAlokaprasiddhamanapekSitapUrvApara prabhedaM 'prakRtiH' iti vA 'anyat' iti vA vartamAnaM nityaM na pralayabhAk sad vartate bhAvo yo so tadaiva vastviti pratipattavyam / / vahI pR0 34 3. loke prasiddha lokaprasiddham, yathaiva loke prasiddhaM tathA ghaTabhavanam AkArAdimAtrameva ca ghaTa iti loke prasiddham / vahI. TIkA pR0 34

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54 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana nahIM hai / yadi vaha anubhUti se bhinna kisI anya ke dvArA anubhUta yA jJAta hai to usakA prAmANya kisa AdhAra para siddha hogA ? punaH yaha bhI prazna uThatA hai ki loka zruti para AdhArita hai yA zruti loka para AdhArita hai ? loka zruti para AdhArita hai isa kathana kI anubhava se satyatA siddha nahIM kI jA sakatI / anubhava to yahI batAtA hai ki sAre zAstra loka Azrita haiM / samagra zAstra sAmAnya, vizeSa, kAraNa, kArya Adi adhyAropoM dvArA praNIta haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM zAstrabuddhi vikalpa se bhinna nahIM hai evaM jo bhI buddhi vikalpa haiM ve sat ke pratipAdaka nahIM ho skte| A0 mallavAdI ne bauddhika jJAna aura zruti kI jisa adhyAropatA yA vikalpAtmakatA ke AdhAra para khaNDana kiyA hai vaha svayaM bhI samAlocanA kA viSaya ho sakatA hai / kyoMki jo anubhavAtmaka jJAna hai vaha bhI antogatvA pratyayAtmaka hI siddha hotA hai / kintu lokavAda yA anubhavavAda meM kyA truTiyA~ haiM isakI carcA ke pUrva yaha vicAra karanA hogA ki lokavAda ko asvIkAra karane para kauna-sI dArzanika samasyAe~ utpanna hotI haiM / AcArya mallavAdI ke anusAra anubhavavAda - lokavAda ko na mAnanevAle ke sAmane bhI aneka prazna upasthita hote haiM / lokavAda ko na mAnane kA matalaba hai ki alokavAda kA Azraya lenA / AcArya mallavAdI vastu ko alaukika mAnanevAle ke sAmane aneka doSoM kA udbhAvana karate haiM / sarvaprathama to ve yaha prazna uThAte haiM ki yadi Apa laukikavAda kA Azraya nahIM lete haiM to alaukikavAda kA Azraya leMge ArthAt anyatra vastu kA anya meM adhyAropa kreNge| dUsare zabdoM meM ghaTa meM pAe jAnevAle ghaTatva ko ghaTa meM na mAnakara anyatra mAneMge / aisA mAnane para Apako mRgatRSNikAmRgamarIcikA ko bhI sat mAnanA par3egA / 2 kyoMki marubhUmi meM dikhAI denevAlA jala vAstavika jala nahIM hai kintu anyatra upasthita jala kA vahA~ adhyAropa 1. zAstratvAdalokatvamiti cetaM, na, lokAzrayatvAt teSAM zAstrANAm / tAni hI zAstrANi sAmAnyavizeSakAraNakAryamantrANAM sarvatrAdhyAropeNa praNItAni || dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 53 2. anyatra dRSTasyAdhyAropAd ghaTatattvavadalaukikatvamiti cet na, vyAmohasya mRgatRSNikAdivadalaukikattvAtthA | vahI 0 pR0 54

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anubhava aura buddhivAda kI samasyA 55 hai, aura isI prakAra alaukika zAstra-jJAna bhI mithyA hI hai| isa prakAra zAstra hone ke kAraNa jJAna meM alaukikatA kA doSa dikhAkara anya aparihArya doSoM kA udbhAvana nimnokta rUpa meM hotA hai / pratijJAdi kI anupapatti alaukikavAda ko mAnane para zAstra (zruti) ko pramANa mAnA jAyegA / zAstra rahita anya anubhava Adi apramANa hone ke kAraNa agrAhya hoMge / alaukikavAda kA Azraya lene para jo bhI pratijJAdi kA prayoga kareMge ve saba anupapanna ho jAyeMge / punaH yadi koI apanA pratipAdana kauzala ke AdhAra para zAstra dvArA yaha siddha karanA cAhe ki vastu vaisI nahIM hai jaisI loka ke dvArA grAhya hai, taba pratijJA yaha banegI ki gRhyamANa sAmAnya Adi bhI vaise nahIM haiM jaise grAhya hote haiM / kyoMki sarvasarvAtmakavAda meM yaha kahA jAya ki 'nityaH zabdaH zrotragrAhyatvAt' taba bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki sarvasarvAtmaka hone ke kAraNa taba zabda netrAdigrAhya bhI honA cAhie / yadi 'anityaH zabdaH' isa pratijJA ke AdhAra para zabda ko anitya mAnA jAye taba bhI vizeSa ekAntavAda ke anusAra akArAdi varNa bhinnAtmaka, kSaNika, zUnya aura nirUpAkhya hone ke kAraNa paraspara apekSA ke abhAvavAlA hotA hai / ataH sarvabhAva kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa jaisA grahaNa hotA hai vaisA vaha hotA nahIM hai / isa prakAra 'zabda: anityaH' pratijJA kI hAni hotI hai| pratyakSa virodha doSa uparokta tarka buddhivAda kA Azraya lene para aura anubhavavAda yA lokavAda kA tiraskAra karane para pratyakSa virodha nAmaka doSa bhI AyegA / buddhivAdI kA kahanA hai ki loka ke dvArA grAhya vastu tathA prakAra kI nahIM hotI hai / aisI pratijJA karane para sAmAnyaikAntavAdI ke mata meM vastu kevala 1. tathA ca tatra pratijJAdInAmApyanupapattiH, yadi yathA lokena gRhyate na tathA vastu, pratijJA tAvad yathA gRhyamANA avizeSAderna tathA syAt / tatazcAMze pratyakSavirodhaH, aMzebhyupagama virodhaH svoktaviparyayarUpAbhyupagamAt / vahI, pR0 54-55

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56 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana sAmAnyAtmaka hI mAnI jAyegI aura vastu meM vizeSa kA sarvathA niSedha mAnanA hogaa| kintu jaba vastu ke sAmAnya kA pratyakSa hotA hai usI samaya vizeSa kA bhI pratyakSa hotA hai / ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki amuka aMza meM vastu sAmAnyAtmaka aura amuka aMza meM vizeSAtmaka hai / ataH aMzAtmaka pratyakSa virodha doSa AyegA / isakA nirAkaraNa karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| svavacana virodha doSa apane mata kI sthApanA ke lie jo zabda-prayoga prayukta kiyA hai usakA anya yukti ke dvArA nirAkaraNa ho jAne se anya zabda-prayoga karanA svavacana virodha hai / yahA~ zabda nitya aisA svIkAra karane para vizeSavAdI pUrvokta mata kA khaNDana karatA hai taba zabdaH abhivyakta kA Azraya lenA svavacana virodha mAnA gayA hai| abhyupagama virodha nayacakrakAra kevala buddhivAda ko yA zruti ko hI pramANa mAnanevAle alaukikavAdiyoM ke samakSa eka aura abhyupagama virodha doSa kA udbhAvana karate haiM / svazAstra meM sarvatra prasiddha aise siddhAnta ko svIkAra karane ke pazcAt yukti se usakA bAdhita honA abhyupagama virodha doSa mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ sarvasarvAtmaka vAda ke siddhAnta ko lekara granthakAra kahate haiM ki Apane prathama lokagrAhya vastu kA niSedha karake sarvasarvAtmakavAda yA sarvathA sAmAnyaikAntavAda kA sthApana kiyA kintu vastu kevala sAmAnyAtmaka hI nahIM valki vaha vizeSAtmaka bhI hai aura aisA siddha hone para sarvasarvAtmaka siddhAnta ke svIkAra ke sAtha virodha AtA hai / isa prakAra uparokta doSoM meM eka hI hetu kAraNabhUta hai vaha hai Apa dvArA kathita vastu kA anya rUpa meM svIkAra yA prApti / ataH kevala buddhivAda, tarkavAda tathA zrati ko pramANa mAnane para uparokta doSoM kA udbhAvana hotA hai jo aparihArya hai| isI kAraNa AcArya mallavAdI ajJAnavAdI yA lokavAdI ke mata kA sthApana karate hue kahate haiM ki loka dvArA vastu jaisI grAhya hotI hai, vaisI hI hotI hai| usase bhinna vastu kA svarUpa nahIM hotA hai /

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anubhava aura buddhivAda kI samasyA 57 ____ anta meM AcArya mallavAdI kahate haiM ki itanA nahIM kintu jo loka ko pramANabhUta nahIM mAnanevAle dArzanikoM ke mata kA pada-pada aura vAkya-vAkya para pratyakSa aura anumAna se virodha AtA hai / lokAnubhUti ko pramANa nahIM mAnanevAle zAstrakAra kI pravRtti loka-viruddha hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa aura anumAna virodha AyegA hI / loka pratyakSa aura anumAna ko pramANa mAnatA hai / ataH loka meM pratyakSa aura anumAna pramANa ke rUpa meM vyavasthita hue haiM tathA loka pratyakSa aura anumAna jJAna kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai, aise loka ko hI yadi pramANa na mAnA jAe taba to zAstrakAra kI pravRtti hI apramANa ho jaayegii| isa prakAra lokavAda kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI sAtha zruti ko hI pramANa mAnanevAloM kI pravRtti maryAdita aura truTipUrNa hone ke kAraNa vizvasta nahIM mAnI gaI hai| AcArya mallavAdI ne yaha batAyA hai ki adhika kyA kaheM samasta darzanoM meM se koI eka darzana bhI pratyakSa jJAna kI nirdoSa vyAkhyA nahIM kara pAtA hai / taba kisa zAstra (zruti) ke Upara vizvAsa kiyA jaae| anta meM vedavAdiyoM ko bhI ajJAnavAda ke upajIvaka batAte hue kahA hai ki vedavAdiyoM ne bhI mAnA hai ki sarvamidamajJAna pratibaddhameva jagat pRthivyAdire arthAt yaha samasta jagat pRthvI Adi ajJAna se anuvidya hai / isa jagat meM kalpita aura akalpita tathA nAnA prakAra ke jJAna kI anupapatti hotI hai, ataH yaha jagat ajJAna se bharA hai / jJAna bhI ajJAna se yukta hai / ataH lokavAda hI zreSTha hai / isa prakAra vidhi nAmaka naya meM lokavAda kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai| 1. lokAprAmANye ca sarvatra pratyakSAnumAnavirodhAvupasthitAveva, tatsthatvAttayoH / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM0 pR0 58 2. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 111-112

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tRtIya adhyAya kAraNavAda vizva-sRjana kA koI kAraNa honA cAhie, isa viSaya kI carcA vaidika paramparA meM vividha rUpoM meM huI hai / kintu vizvavaicitrya evaM jIvasRSTivaicitrya kA kAraNa kauna hai ? isakA vicAra bhAratIya sAhitya ke prAcInatam grantha Rgved (prAyaH I. pU. 1500) meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| isa viSaya meM sarvaprathama ullekha zvetAzvatara upaniSad (IsA pUrva kahIM) meM prApta hotA hai / prastuta upaniSad meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, bhUta aura puruSa inameM se kisI eka ko kAraNa mAnanA yA ina sabake samudAya ko kAraNa mAnanA cAhie, aisA prazna upasthita kiyA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM cintaka jagatvaicitrya ke kAraNoM kI khoja meM laga gae the evaM isake AdhAra para vizvavaicitrya kA vividha rUpeNa samAdhAna karate the| ina vAdoM meM kAlavAda kA sabase prAcIna hone kA pramANa prApta hotA hai / atharvaveda (prAyaH I. pU. 500) meM kAla kA mahattva sthApita karanevAlA kAlasUkta hai jo isa bAta kI puSTi karatA hai / kAlavAda : atharvaveda meM kahA gayA hai ki kAla se hI pRthvI kI utpatti huI hai, 1. kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintvA / saMyoga eSAM na tvAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIza: sukhaduHkhahetoH // zvetAzvataropaniSat, 1/2. 2. atharvaveda, pR0 405-406.

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kAraNavAda kAla ke kAraNa hI sUrya tapatA hai, samasta bhUtoM kA AdhAra kAla hI hai / kAla ke kAraNa hI A~kheM dekhatI haiM, kAla hI Izvara hai aura prajApati kA pitA bhI kAla hI hai / isa prakAra atharvaveda kA ukta varNana kAla ko hI sRSTi kA mUla kAraNa mAnane kI ora hai; kintu mahAbhArata (prAyaH I. pU. 150-IsvI 400) meM to usase bhI Age samasta jIva sRSTi ke sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa ina sabakA AdhAra bhI kAla ko hI mAnA gayA hai| karma se, cintA se yA prayoga karane se koI bhI vastu prApta nahIM hotI, kintu kAla se hI samasta vastue~ prApta hotI haiM / saba kAryoM ke prati kAla hI kAraNa hai / yogya kAla meM hI kalAkRti, auSadha, mantra Adi phaladAyaka banate haiN| kAla ke AdhAra para hI vAyu calatI hai, puSpa khilate haiM, vRkSa phalayukta banate haiM, kRSNapakSa, zuklapakSa, candra kI vRddhi aura hAni Adi kAla ke prabhAva se hI hotI hai / kisI kI mRtyu bhI kAla hone para hI hotI hai aura bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA yA vRddhAvasthA bhI kAla ke kAraNa hI AtI hai| garbha kA janma ucita kAla ke abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai| jo loga garbha ko strI-puruSa ke saMyoga Adi se janma mAnate haiM, unake mata meM bhI ucita kAla ke upasthita hone para hI garbha kA janma hotA hai / garbha ke janma meM garbha kI pariNata avasthA hI kAraNa hai yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki yadA-kadA 1. kAlAdApaH samabhavankAlAdbrahma tapo dizaH / kAlenodeti sUryaH kAle ni vizate punaH // atharva0, pR0 406. kAlena vAtaH pavate kAlena pRthivI mahI / dyaurmahI kAla AhitA // vahI, pR0 406. kAlo ha bhUtaM bhavyaM ca putro ajanayatpurA / kAlAdRcaH samabhavanyajuH kAlAdajAyata / vahI, pR0 3. kAlo yajJaM samairayaddevebhyo bhAgamakSitam / kAle gandharvApsarasaH kAle lokAH pratiSThitAH // vahI, pR0 4. 2. na karmaNA labhyate na cintayA vA nApyasti dAtA puruSasya kazcit / paryAyayogAd vihitaM vidhAtrA kAlena sarve labhate manuSyaH ||-mhaabhaart, "zAntiparva," 25/5. na buddhizAstrAdhyayanena zakyaM prAptuM vizeSaM manujairakAle / mUryo'pi cApnoti kadAcidarthAn kAlo hi kArye prati nivizeSaH // vahI, "zAntiparva," 25/6. 3. nAbhUtikAleSu phalaM dadanti zilpAni mantrAzca tathauSadhAni / tAnyeva kAlena samAhitAni siddhyanti vardhanti ca bhUtikAle // vahI, "zAntiparva," 25/7. 4. ma0 'zAM0', a. 25.

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60 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana apariNata garbha kA bhI janma dekhA jAtA hai / zItaRtu, grISmaRtu evaM varSARtu Adi kAla kA Agamana bhI ucita kAla ke abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai| ataH upAdhibhUta kAloM ke prati bhI kAla hI kAraNa hai / svarga yA naraka bhI kAla ke binA nahIM hotA, kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki saMsAra meM jo bhI kArya hotA hai, usameM se koI bhI kArya ucita kAla ke abhAva meM nahIM hotA / ataH kAla hI sabakA kAraNa hai / kAla se bhinna padArtha bhI kArya kA kAraNa hotA hai yaha asatya hai kyoMki kAla se anya padArtha anyathA siddha ho jAte haiM / kAla utpanna padArthoM kA pAka karatA hai arthAt utpanna ho jAne para vastu kA jo saMvardhana hotA hai vaha kAla se hI hotA hai / vahI anukUla nUtana paryAyoM ko upasthita kara unake yoga se utpanna vastu ko upacita karatA hai / kAla utpanna vastu kA saMhAra karatA hai| anya kAraNoM ko arthAt kAraNa mAne jAnevAle anya padArthoM ke sapta arthAt nidrApanna rahane para kAla hI kAryoM ke sambandha meM jAgrata rahatA hai, arthAt kArya ke AdhAra para hI utpAdAnArtha savyApAra hotA hai / isalie sRSTi, sthiti aura pralaya ke hetubhUta kAla kA atikramaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA3 / sthAlI aura mUMga tathA agni Adi sAmagrI rahene para bhI jaba taka kAraNabhUta kAla upasthita nahIM hotA taba taka pAka nahIM hotA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAe ki mUMga kA paripAka saMpanna hone se pUrva vilakSaNa agni saMyoga kA abhAva rahatA hai aura isI kAraNa mUMga kA pAka nahIM hotA hai, ata: mUMga ke pAka ke prati kAla ke vizeSa ko kAraNa mAnanA nirarthaka hai / kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki saMyoga ke prati bhI prazna ho sakatA hai ki vaha 1. na kAlavyatirekeNa garbhakAlazubhAdikam / yatkiJcijjAyate loke tadasau kAraNaM kila / / -zAstravArtAsamuccaya, sta0 2, 165, pR0 45. 2. ma0 'zAM0 va0', a. 28, 32,33. 3. kAlaH pacati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharati prajAH / kAlaH supteSu jAgarti kAlo hi duratikramaH ||-shaa0 vA0 sa0 sta0 2, 166, pR0 46. dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0218, kAla eva hi bhUtAni kAla: saMhArasambhavau / svapannapi sa jAgati kAlo hi duratikramaH || -dvA0 na0 pR0 219 4. kiJca kAlAhate naiva mudgapaktirapISyate / sthAlyAdisaMnidhAne'pi tataH kAlAdasau matA // ___-zA0 vA0 sa0 sta0 2, 167, pR0 46.

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kAraNavAda saMyoga pahale hI kyoM nahIM ho jAtA ? isakA uttara kAla dvArA hI diyA jA sakatA hai / ataH kAla ko hI asAdhAraNa kAraNa arthAt ekamAtra kAraNa mAnanA pdd'egaa| - kAla ko yadi kArya mAtra ke prati asAdhAraNa kAraNa na mAnA jAyegA to garbha Adi sabhI kAryoM kI utpatti avyavasthita ho jAyegI / yadi kisI anya hetuvAdI kI dRSTi garbha kA hetu mAtA-pitA Adi haiM, yaha mAnA jAe to prazna hogA ki unakA sannidhAna hone para tatkAla hI garbha kA janma kyoM nahIM ho jAtA hai / mallavAdI ke dvAdazAranayacakra (prAyaH IsvI 550-575) meM kAlavAda kI pratisthApanA karate hue vaizeSikasUtra (IsvI AraMbhakAla) kA nimna sUtra prastuta kiyA gayA hai / aparasminnaparaM yugapat ciraM kSipramiti kAlaliGgAni / yaha isase pUrva hai, yaha isake pazcAt hai, ye donoM ekasAtha haiM / isa prakAra kA jJAna evaM navIna aura prAcIna kA jo jJAna hotA hai usakA hetu kAla ko samajhanA cAhie / jaise vAyu guNavAlA hone se dravya hai aise hI kAla bhI guNavAlA hone se dravya hai / jaise anya dravya se utpanna na hone se nitya hai isI prakAra kAla bhI anya dravya se utpanna na hone se nitya hai / kAla eka hai / vartamAna, bhUtAdi kAla kA vibhAjana kArya ke hone se hotA hai| ataH vaha bheda gauNa hai| jainadarzana meM tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (I. san tIsarI-cauthI zadI) meM kAla ke nimna lakSaNa pratipAdita kie gae haiM: vartanA pariNAma kriyA: paratvAparatve ca kAlasya // 22 // 5 parivartana, pariNamana, kriyA, paratva, aparatva ye kAla ke lakSaNa haiM / umAsvAti dvArA prastuta ye lakSaNa vaise to vaizeSikasUtra meM prastuta 1. kAlAbhAve ca garbhAdi sarvaM syAdavyavasthayA / ___pareSTa hetu sadbhAvamAtrAdeva tadudbhavAt // vahI, sta. 2, 168, pR0 46. 2. vaizeSikadarzana, 2.2.6. 3. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, 5/22.

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62 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana lakSaNa se sAmyatA rakhate haiM phira bhI, isameM parivartana ko bhI kAla para AdhArita kiyA gayA hai / dvAdazAranayacakra meM kAlavAda kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kisI bhI padArtha kA yaugapadya samakAlInatA yA ayaugapadya kA kathana kAla ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai / yathA ghaTa aura usakA rUpa yugapat utpanna hotA hai, aisA kahanA kAla ke pratyaya ke abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM hai / usI prakAra padArthoM ke ayugapad bhAva kI carcA bhI kAla ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai / isI prakAra dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ke prati puruSArtha bhI kAla para AdhArita hai / kahA bhI gayA hai ki vasanta meM brAhmaNa ko yajJa, vaNika ko madya, samartha ko krIDA aura muniyoM ko niSkramaNa karanA cAhie / samagra sRSTi ke sajIva aura nirjIva padArthoM kI ananta paryAyoM kA pariNamana karAnevAlA kAla hI hai aura yaha kAla apane sAmAnya svarUpa ko chor3e binA hI bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ko prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra kAla eka hokara bhI apane tIna bhedoM se bhinna bhI hai / yadi aisA na mAnA jAe taba to vastu meM vipariNamana hI zakya nahIM ho pAyegA aura kAla hI eka aisA kAraNa hai jo kArya-kAraNa ke rUpa meM vipariNamana karane meM samartha hai / yaha vipariNamana (parivartana) kI sAmarthya kAla ke abhAva meM puruSArtha, svabhAva, niyati meM bhI saMbhava nahIM hai 3 / kAlakrama se hI puruSa AtmalAbha prApta kara sakatA hai aura jaba taka kAla paripakva nahIM hotA taba taka mokSa kI prApti bhI nahIM hotI / saMsAra kI 1. yugapadayugapanniyatArthavRtteH kAla eva bhavatIti bhAvitaM bhavati / iha yugapadavasthAyino ghaTarUpAdayo na kecidapi vastupravibhaktito yugapadvRttiprakhyAnAtmakaM kAlamantareNa / dvA0 na0 pR0 205. 2. ato dharmArthakAmamokSAH kAlakRtA uktabhAvanAvat / tathA brAhmaNasya vasante'gnyAdhAnam, vaNijAM madyasya, IzvarANAM krIDAdInAm, niSkramaNaM kRtvA yAvadvimokSaM vimokSaNasya kAlo yatInAm / dvA0 na0 pR0 210. 3. vahI, pR0 211-218.

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kAraNavAda anAdi anantatA kAla ke dvArA hI siddha ho sakatI hai / kriyA aura jIva ke karmabaMdhAdi kriyA bhI kAla ke kAraNa saMbhava hai / samaya muhUrtAdi bhI kAla ke hI kAraNa saMbhava hai / anta meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki kAla hI bhUtoM ko pakva karatA hai, kAla hI prajA kA saMharaNa karatA hai / kAla hI soe hue ko jagAtA hai| ataH kAla duratikrama hai / kAla hI padArthoM kI utpatti karatA hai, utpanna padArthoM kA pAka karatA hai arthAt utpanna padArtha kA saMvardhana kAla se hI hotA hai / vahI anukUla nUtana paryAyoM ko upasthita kara unake yoga se utpanna vastu ko upacita karatA hai / kAla hI utpanna vastuoM kA saMhAra karatA hai arthAt vastu meM vidyamAna paryAyoM kI virodhI navIna paryAya kA utpAdana kAla ke kAraNa hI hotA hai aura isa prakAra pUrva paryAya kA nAza saMhAra bhI kAla ke kAraNa hotA hai| anya kAraNoM ke supta-nirvyApAra rahane para kAla hI kAryoM ke sambandha meM jAgrata rahatA hai / ataH yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sRSTi, sthiti, pralaya ke hetubhUta kAla kA atikramaNa karanA kaThina hai / khaNDana :- dvAdazAranayacakra meM kAlavAda kA khaNDana saMkSepa meM hI kiyA gayA hai / svabhAvavAda ke upasthApana meM kAlavAda kA khaNDana karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki 1. vastu apane svabhAva ke hI kAraNa usa rUpa meM hotI hai / 2. kAla ko hI ekamAtra tattva mAnane para to kArya-kAraNa kA vibhAga saMbhAvita nahIM ho sakegA / 1. kAla: pacati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharati prajAH / kAla: supteSu jAgati kAlo hi duratikramaH // dvA0 na0 pR0 218. 2. kAla eva hi bhUtAni kAlaH saMhArasaMbhavau / svapannapi sa jAgati kAlo hi duratikramaH // - vahI, pR0 219. 3. nanu taiH sarvaiH 'svabhAva eva bhavati' iti bhAvyate / vahI, pR0 219. 4. kAlasyaiva tattvAt kAraNakAryavibhAgAbhAvAt sAmAnya-vizeSavyavahArAbhAva eveti ceta, evamapi sa eva svabhAvaH / pUrvAdivyavahAralabdhakAlAbhAvazcaivam, apUrvAditvAt niyativat / yugapadayugapad ghaTarUpAdInAM vrIhyaGkarAdInAM ca tathA bhavanAdeva tu svabhAvo'bhyupagataH / - vahI, pR0 221-222.

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64 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana 3. isI prakAra kAla ko hI ekamAtra tattva mAnane para sAmAnya evaM vizeSa kA vyavahAra bhI saMbhAvita nahIM ho sakatA / 4. yadi aisA mAna liyA jAe ki kAla kA aisA svabhAva hai taba to svabhAvavAda kA hI Azraya lenA par3egAre / 5. yadi Apa kAla ko vyavahAra para Azrita kareMge to bhI doSa AyegA kyoMki isase kAla kI svatantra sattA nahIM rahegI / punaH pUrva, apara Adi vyavahAra kA doSa hone para labdha kAla kA bhI abhAva ho jAyegA aura isa prakAra kAla ko AdhAra mAnakara jo bAta siddha kI gaI haiM ve saba nirarthaka ho jAyeMgI / dvAdazAranayacakra ke atirikta nirgrantha-darzana ke aneka granthoM meM bhI kAlavAda kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / yadi kAla kA artha samaya mAnA jAe athavA kAla ko pramANasiddha dravya kA paryAya mAtra mAnA jAe athavA kAla ko dravya kI upAdhi mAnA jAe yA ise svatantra padArtha ke rUpa meM mAnA jAe / kisI bhI sthiti meM ekamAtra usako hI kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki kAraNAntara ke abhAva meM kevala kAla se kisI kI bhI utpatti nahIM hotI aura yadi ekamAtra kAla se bhI kArya kI utpatti saMbhava hogI to eka kArya kI utpatti ke samaya anya sabhI kAryoM kI bhI utpatti kI Apatti hogI / yadi kevala kAla hI ghaTAdi kAryoM kA janaka mAnA jAyegA to ghaTa kI utpatti mAtra mRda meM hI na hokara tantu Adi meM bhI saMbhava hogI kyoMki isa mata meM kArya kI dezavRttitA kA niyAmaka anya koI nahIM hai aura yadi deza vRttitA ke niyamanArtha tattat kAla meM tattat deza ko bhI kAraNa mAna liyA jAyegA to kAlavAda kA parityAga ho jAyegA / 1. vahI, pR0 221-222. 2. vahI, pR0 221-222. 3. vahI, pR0 221-222. 4. kAlo'pi samayAdiryat kevalaH so'pi kAraNam / tata eva hyasaMbhUteH kasyacinnopapadyate // zA0 vA0 sa0 stabaka 2, 189. 5. yatazca kAle tulye'pi sarvatraiva na tatphalam / ato hetvantarApekSaM vijJeyaM tad vicakSaNaiH // vahI, stabaka-2, 190. pR0 52. .

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65 isa prakAra kAlavAda kI sthApanA evaM khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki kevala kAlavAda hI ekamAtra samyag hai yaha mAnane para doSa AyegA | ataH kAla ko hI ekamAtra kAraNa mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / kAla eka kAraNa ho sakatA aura usake sAtha-sAtha anya kAraNoM kI bhI saMbhAvanA kA niSedha nahIM kara sakate haiM / kAraNavAda svabhAvavAda pUrvokta kAlavAda kI taraha hI svabhAvavAda kA mAnanA hai ki jagat kI vividhatA kA kAraNa svabhAva hI hai' / svabhAvataH hI vastu kI utpatti evaM nAza hotA hai / padArthoM meM bhinnatA yA samAnatA kA kAraNa bhI svabhAva hai yathAagni kI uSNatA aura jala kI zItalatA svabhAvagat hI hai / Ama kI guThalI se Ama aura bera kI guThalI se bera hI utpanna hogA kyoMki unakA svabhAva aisA hI hai / bhAratIya darzana paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM bhI svabhAvavAda kA vivecana prApta hotA hai / upaniSadoM meM svabhAvavAda kA ullekha milatA hI hai / svabhAvavAdI ke anusAra vizva meM jo kucha hotA hai vaha svabhAvataH hI hotA hai svabhAva ke atirikta karma, Izvara yA anya koI kAraNa nahIM hai / azvaghoSakRt buddhacarita ( IsvI dUsarI zatI) meM svabhAvavAda kI avadhAraNA ko vyakta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kA~Te kI tIkSNatA, mRga evaM pakSiyoM kI vicitratA, Ikha meM mAdhuya, nIma meM kaTutA kA koI karttA nahIM hai, ve svabhAvataH hI haiM / isI prakAra svabhAvavAda kI carcA guNaratnakRt SaDdarzanasamuccayavRtti meM tathA AcArya nemicandrakRt gommaTasAra' (IsvI 10vIM zatI antimacaraNa) meM bhI milatI hai / mahAbhArata meM bhI svabhAvavAda kA varNana prApta svabhAva : prakRtirazeSasya / dvA0 na0 pR0 220. 1. 2. zvetA0, 1.2. 3. kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSaNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM ca / svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH // buddhacarita. 52 4. SaDdarzanasamuccaya pR0 20. 5. gommaTasAra, karmakANDa zlo0 883.

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66 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana hotA hai / tadanusAra zubhAzubha pravRttiyoM kA preraka svabhAva hai / sabhI kucha svabhAva se nirdhArita hai / vyakti apane prayatna yA puruSArtha se usameM koI parivartana nahIM kara sakatA / sabhI taraha ke bhAva aura abhAva svabhAva se pravartita evaM nivartita hote haiN| puruSa ke prayatna se kucha nahIM hotA / gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki loka kA pravartana svabhAva se hI ho rahA hai / isI prakAra mATharavRtti (IsvI cauthI zatI), udayanAcArya-kRt nyAyakusumAJjali (prAyaH 12vIM zatI) evaM ajJAta kartRka sAMkhyavRtti (prAk madhyakAlIna ?) meM bhI svabhAvavAda ke ullekha prApta hote haiM / ... haribhadrakRta zAstravArtAsamuccaya (prAyaH IsvI 770-780) meM svabhAvavAda kI avadhAraNA ko vyakta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki prANI kA mAtRgarbha meM praveza karanA, bAlyAvasthA prApta karanA sukhada-duHkhada anubhavoM kA bhoga karanA inameM koI bhI ghaTanA svabhAva ke binA nahIM ghaTa sktii| svabhAva hI saba ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa hai / jagat kI sabhI vastue~ svataH hI apaneapane svarUpa meM usa-usa prakAra se vartamAna rahatI haiM tathA anta meM naSTa ho jAtI haiN| jaise pakane ke svabhAva se yukta hue binA mUMga bhI nahIM pakatI bhale hI kAlAdi sabhI kAraNa-sAmagrI upasthita kyoM na hoM / jisameM pakane kA svabhAva hI nahIM hai vaha mUMga kabhI nahIM pakatA tathA vizeSa svabhAva ke abhAva meM bhI kArya vizeSa kI utpatti yadi saMbhava mAnI jAe to avAJchanIya pariNAma kA sAmanA karanA par3egA / yathA miTTI meM yadi ghar3A banAne kA svabhAva hai kintu kapar3A banAne kA svabhAva nahIM hai aisA mAnane para miTTI se kapar3A banane kI Apatti bhI A par3egI / yahI varNana nemicandrakRta pravacana-sAroddhAra (prAyaH 12vIM zatI) evaM usakI vRtti meM bhI prApta hotA hai| 1. ma0 'zAM0', 25.16 2. gItA, 5.14. 3. mATharavRtti, kA0 61, nyAyakusumAMjali, 1.5, sAMkhyavRtti, kA0 61. 4. na svabhAvAtirekeNa garbhabAlazubhAdikam / yatkiJcijjAyate loke tadasau kAraNaM kila / sarve bhAvAH svabhAvena svasvabhAve tathA tathA / vartante nivartante kAmacAraparAGmukhAH // na vineha svabhAvena mudgapaktirapIkSyate / tathAkAlAdibhAve'pi, nAzvabhASasya sA yataH / /

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kAraNavAda svabhAvavAda kI samIkSA svabhAvavAda kI samIkSA isa prakAra kI gaI hai ki svabhAva kA artha kyA hai ? svabhAva vastu vizeSa hai ? yA akAraNatA hI svabhAva hai ? yA vastu ke dharma ko hI svabhAva mAnA jAtA hai| 1. svabhAva ko hI vastu vizeSa mAnA jAe aisA kahane para yaha Apatti AtI hai ki vastu vizeSarUpa svabhAva ko siddha karanevAlA koI bhI sAdhaka pramANa ke binA hI svabhAva kA astitva mAnane para anya padArthoM kA astitva bhI svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| 2. svabhAva mUrta hai yA amUrta / yadi mUrta mAna liyA jAe taba to karma kA hI dUsarA nAma hogA / aura yadi amUrta mAna liyA jAe taba to vaha kisI kA kartA nahIM bana sktaa| yathA AkAza / AkAza amUrta hai ataH vaha kisI kA kAraNa nahIM bana sakatA / 3. amUrta svabhAva ko zarIrAdi mUrta padArthoM kA kAraNa nahIM mAna sakate kyoMki mUrta padArtha kA kAraNa mUrta hI honA cAhie / amUrta se mUrta kI utpatti saMbhavita nahIM ho sktii| 4. svabhAva ko akAraNa rUpa mAna liyA jAya taba bhI Apatti AyegI kyoMki, zarIrAdi bAhya padArthoM kA koI kAraNa nahIM raha jAyegA aura zarIrAdi saba padArtha sarvatra sarvathA eka sAtha utpanna hoNge| jaba sabhI padArthoM ko kAraNAbhAva samAna rUpa meM hai taba sabhI padArtha sarvadA sarvatra utpanna hoMge / 5. zarIrAdi ko ahetuka mAna liyA jAe taba bhI yukti-virodha atatsvabhAvAt tadbhAve'tiprasaMgo'nivAritaH / / tulye tatra mRdaH kumbho na paTAdItyayuktimat // zA0 vA0 sa0 stabaka.2, 169-172. 1. hojja sabhAvo vatthu nikkAraNayA va vatthudhammo vaa| jai vatthu Natthi tao'NuvaladdhIo khapuSpaM va // vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA0 1913 2. mutto amutto va tao jai mutto to'bhihANao bhinno| kamma tti sahAvo tti ya jai vA'mutto na kattA to // vahI, gA0 1916. 3. vahI, gA0 1916. 4. aha so nikkAraNayA to kharasiMgAdao hoMtu / vahI, gA0 1917.

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68 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana AyegA kyoMki, jo ahetuka arthAt Akasmika hotA hai vaha abhramavikAra kI taraha sAdi niyatAkAra vAlA nahIM hotA hai / isa prakAra jinabhadragaNikRta vizeSAvazyakabhASya (prAya: IsvI 585) meM svabhAvavAda kA nirAkaraNa milatA hai / svabhAvavAda kA khaNDana bhI svabhAva ko ekamAtra kAraNa mAnane se utpanna doSoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| dvAdazAranayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kI sthApanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki svabhAva hI sabakA kAraNa hai| puruSAdi kA svatva svabhAva se hI siddha hai aura yadi isako svabhAva-siddha na mAnA jAe taba sva ko siddha karane ke lie para kA Azraya lenA paDegA taba sva sva hI na raha paaegaa| yathA ghaTa paTa kA anAtma svarUpa hone se paTa nahIM hotA usI taraha paTa ghaTa kA anAtma hone ke kAraNa paTAtmaka nahIM hotA hai / ataH svabhAva ko hI ekamAtra kAraNa mAnanA cAhie / ghaTa aura usake rUpa kA yugapada utpanna honA tathA dhAna yA aMkurAdi kA kramazaH utpanna honA Adi pariNamana svabhAva se hI hote haiM / yaha bhI pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai ki samAna bhUmi aura pAnI Adi sahakArI kAraNa hone para bhI bhinna-bhinna bIja se bhinna-bhinna vRkSAdi utpanna hote haiM / isI prakAra kaNTakAdi meM jo tIkSNatA hai vaha phUla meM nahIM hotI hai / mayUra pakSI Adi meM 1. so mutto'mutto vA jai mutto to na savvahA sariso / pariNAmao payaM piva na dehahea jai amutto / / uvagaraNAbhAvAo na ya havai suhamma / so amutto vi / kajjassa muttimattA suhasaMvittAdio ceva // vahI, gAthA 1789-90. taiH sarvaiH 'svabhAva eva bhavati' iti bhAvyate / yat puruSAdayo bhavanti sa teSAM bhAvaH, tairbhUyate yathAsvam / tathA ca svabhAve sarvasvabhavanAtmani bhavati siddhe'rthAntaranirapekSe ke te ? teSAmapi hi svatvaM svabhAvApAditameva, anyathA te ta eva na syuranAtmatvAd ghaTapaTavat / evameva tatra tatra puruSAdisvabhAvAnatikramAt sarvaikatvamabhinnaM tadbhAvavattvAdeva varNya iti svabhAvaH prkRtirshesssy| dvA0 na0 pR0 219-220. 3. yugapadayugapad ghaTarUpAdInAM vrIhyaGkarAdInAM ca tathA tathA bhavanAdeva tu svabhAvo'bhyupagataH / vahI, pR0 222.

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kAraNavAda 69 jo vicitratA, vibhinnatA pAI jAtI hai vaha bhI svabhAvataH hI hotI hai? / kaNTaka ko tIkSNa kauna karatA hai ? mRga aura pakSiyoM ko kauna raMgatA hai ? yaha saba svabhAvataH hI hotA hai / mRga ke bacce kI A~khoM meM aMjana kauna karatA hai ? mayUra ke bacce ko kauna raMgatA hai ? aura kulavAna puruSa meM vinaya kauna lAtA ? arthAt yaha saba svabhAva se hI hotA hai / isa prakAra nayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kI sthApanA kI gayI hai / nayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kI sthApanA ke avasara para virodhiyoM ke AkSepoM ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yadi svabhAva hI kAraNa hai taba kyoM na aisA mAna liyA jAe kI svabhAva se hI kaNTaka kI utpatti hotI hai / usameM bhUmi Adi kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kaNTaka kaNTaka ke rUpa meM hI kyoM utpanna hotA hai ? anyathA kyoM nahIM utpanna hotA ? kaNTaka hI kyoM tIkSNa hotA hai ? kusuma hI kyoM sukumAra hotA hai ? ukta praznoM ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki vastu kA svabhAva vizeSa hI aisA hai ki vaha usI prakAra utpanna hotA hai / bhUmi Adi kA svabhAva hai kaNTakAdi ko utpanna karane kA jaise manuSya kA svabhAva hai ki vaha kramazaH vRddhi pAtA hai / vaya kramazaH hI bar3hatI hai aura dUdha meM se ghI kA bhI kramazaH hI bananA vastu kA svabhAva hai| aisA na mAnane para vizva kI vyavasthA hI nahIM Tika pAyegI / ghaTa banAnA mATI kA svabhAva hai ataH usase ghaTa banatA hai kintu AkAza se ghaTa nahIM banatA3 / dUsarA AkSepa yaha kiyA gayA hai ki ghaTa Adi kI utpatti kriyA se 1. tathA ca dRzyate teSveva tulyeSu bhUmyambvAdiSu bhinnAtmabhAvaM pratyakSata evaM kaNTakAdi / tadeva tIkSNAdibhUtam, na puSpAdi tAdRgguNam / tacca vRkSAdInAmeva / tathA mayUrANDaka...... mayUrAdibarhANyeva vicitrANi / vahI, pR0 222. kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM ca / svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH // kenAJjitAni nayanAni mRgAGganAnAM, ko vA karoti rucirAGgaruhAn mayUrAn / kazcotpaleSu dalasannicayaM karoti ko vA karoti vinayaM kulajeSu puMsu / vahI, pR0 222. 3. dvA0 na0 pR0 222 - 224. *

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dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana hotI huI dikhAI detI hai taba bhI Apa aisA kaise kahate haiM ki svabhAva se hI vastu kI utpatti hotI hai I 70 ukta zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki aisI bAta nahIM hai kyoMki vastu kI pahale abhivyakti nahIM hone se hI vastu kI utpatti kA bodha nahIM hotA aura A~kha kA bhI svabhAva hai ki vaha ati sUkSmAdi padArthoM ko dekha nahIM pAtI / yathA aMjana aura meruparvata usI prakAra pahale avyakta hone ke kAraNa, ghaTAdi kI upasthiti kA bodha nahIM hotA hai aura ghaTa kA bhI usI prakAra kA svabhAva hai / . arthAt aMjana ke hone para bhI ati sAmIpya ke kAraNa tathA meruparvata vidyamAna hote hue bhI ati dUrI ke kAraNa avyakta hai / usI prakAra ghaTa Adi vastuoM kI upasthiti hone para bhI bodha nahIM hone meM vastu kA abhAva nahIM kintu vastu kA svabhAva hI kAraNa hai / saMsAra meM jo bhI kArya hotA hai vaha svabhAva se hI pravRtti aura nivRtti hotA hai / svabhAva se hI phala kI prApti hotI hai / phalaprApti kA svabhAva hone se hI pravRtti hotI hai / ataH puruSa kA prayAsa nirarthaka hai / dravya kA saMyoga aura vibhAga honA svabhAva hai aura usI kAraNa AtmA kA saMsAra aura mokSa bhI svabhAvataH hI hotA hai / jaise azuddha sone kA zuddhIkaraNa do prakAra se hotA hai, kriyA aura akriyA se / isa prakAra svabhAvavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / svabhAvavAda kA khaNDana bhAvavAda ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / svabhAva zabda kI vyAkhyA karake batAyA hai ki sva kA bhAva hI svabhAva hai arthAt svabhAva meM bhI bhAva kA mahatva hai / bhAva ke binA svabhAva nahIM banegA / ataH bhAva kA honA Avazyaka hai / isIlie svabhAvavAda kI apekSA bhAvavAda hI zreSTha hai / isa prakAra svabhAvavAda kA bhAvavAda dvArA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / niyativAda niyativAda kA sarvaprathama ullekha zvetAzvatara meM prApta hotA hai 3 / 9. vahI, pR0 224-225. 2. vahI, pR0 227. 3. zvetA0, 1.2.

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kAraNavAda niyativAda ke viSaya meM tripiTaka' aura jainAgamare meM yatra-tatra vizeSa carcA kI gaI hai / bhagavAn buddha jaba bauddha dharma kA pratipAdana kara rahe the tabhI niyativAdI bhI apane mat kA pracAra kara rahe the / isI prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI gozAlaka Adi niyativAdiyoM ke sAmane saMgharSa karanA par3A thA / AtmA evaM paraloka ko svIkAra karane ke bAda bhI niyativAdI yaha mAnate the ki saMsAra meM jo vicitratA hai usakA anya koI kAraNa nahIM hai / sabhI ghaTanAe~ niyatakrama meM ghaTita hotI rahatI haiM / aisA niyativAdiyoM kA mAnanA thA / niyaticakra meM jIva pha~sA huA hai aura isa cakra ko badalane kA sAmarthya jIva meM nahIM hai / niyaticakra svayaM gatimAn hai aura vahI jIvoM ko niyata krama meM yatra-tatra le jAtA hai / yaha cakra samApta hone para jIvoM kA svata: mokSa ho jAtA hai / gozAlaka ke niyativAda kA varNana "sAmaJaphala sutta" meM prApta hotA hai| yathA prANiyoM kI apavitratA kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai binA kAraNa hI prANI apavitra hote haiM / usI taraha prANiyoM kI zuddhatA meM bhI koI kAraNa nahIM hai / ve akAraNa aura ahetuka hI zuddha hote haiN| sva ke sAmarthya se bhI kucha nahIM hotA hai / vastutaH puruSa meM bala yA zakti hI nahIM hai / sarva satya, sarva prANI, sarva jIva avaza, durbala aura nirvIrya haiM / ataH jo koI yaha mAnatA hai ki isa zIla, vrata, tapa yA brahmacarya se maiM aparipakva karma ko paripakva karU~gA athavA paripakva hue karmoM kA bhoga karake unakA nAza karU~gA, aisI mAnyatA samucita nahIM hai / isa saMsAra meM sukha-duHkha parimita rUpa meM haiM ataH usameM vRddhi yA hAni saMbhAvita nahIM hai / saMsAra meM prabuddha aura mUrkha donoM kA mokSa niyata kAla meM hI hotA hai / yathA sUta ke dhAge kA golA kramazaH hI khulatA hai| isI prakAra kA varNana upAsakadazAMga (prAyaH 2-3 zatI), 1. dIghanikAya-sAmajjaphalasutta 2. vyAkhyAprajJapti upAsakadazAMga, sUtrakRtAMga. 3. bu0 ca0, pR0 171. 4. upAsakadazAMga, a0-7.

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72 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana vyAkhyAprajJapti' (IsvI 1-3 zatI), aura sUtrakRtAMga (I. pU. 3-1 zatI) meM bhI prApta hotA hai| jagat ke sabhI ghaTanAkrama niyata haiM isalie unakA kAraNa niyati ko mAnanA cAhie / jisa vastu ko jisa samaya, jisa kAraNa se tathA jisa parimANa meM utpanna honA hotA hai vaha vastu usI samaya, usI kAraNa se tathA usI parimANa meM niyata rUpa se utpanna hote haiM / aisI dazA meM niyati ke siddhAnta kA yuktipUrvaka khaNDana kaunasA vAdI kara sakatA hai / niyativAdiyoM kA AdhAra pratyeka kArya kisI niyata kAraNa se niyata krama meM tathA niyata kAla meM hI utpanna hotA hai / vastuta: isa prakAra rakhe jAne para niyativAda, kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda kA hI saMmizrita rUpa bana jAtA hai aura uttarakAlIna bauddha tArkikoM ko hama sacamuca kaha pAte haiM ki pratyeka vastu dezaniyata hotI hai, kAlaniyata hotI hai aura svabhAvaniyata hotI hai| anukUla niyati ke binA mUMga bhI nahIM pakatI, bhale hI svabhAva Adi upasthita kyoM na hoM, sacamuca mUMga kA yaha pakanA aniyatarUpa se to nahIM hotA / yadi niyati eka hI rUpavAlI hai taba niyati se utpanna vastue~ bhI samAna rUpavAlI honI cAhie~, aura yadi niyati aniyata rUpavAlI hone ke kAraNa paraspara asamAna vastuoM ko janma denevAlI hai taba prastuta vAdI ko yaha mAnane ke lie vivaza honA par3egA / zA0 vA0 sa0 sta02, 61. 1. vyAkhyAprajJapti zataka-15. 2. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2-1-12, 2-6 3. niyatenaiva rUpeNa sarve bhAvA bhavanti yat / tato niyatijA hyete tatsvarUpAnuvedhataH // yadyadaiva yato yAvattattadaiva tatastathA / niyata jAyate, nyAyAtka etAM bAdhituM kSama: ? vahI, 62. 4. na carte niyati loke mudgapaktirapIkSyate / tatsvabhAvAdibhAve'pi nAsAvaniyatA yataH // vahI, 63

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kAraNavAda 73 yadi aisA na ho taba to vastu aniyata rUpavAlI hone ke kAraNa jagat kI sabhI vastuoM kA abhAva hI siddha hotA hai| dUsare usa dazA meM jagat kI sabhI vastue~ eka-dUsare ke rUpavAlI hone ke kAraNa sabhI prakAra kI kriyAe~ niSphala siddha honI cAhie~ / niyata kAraNa ke rahane para niyata kArya kI utpatti honI cAhie jabaki kabhI-kabhI isameM virodha pAyA jAtA hai / kabhI-kabhI bahuta prayatna karane para bhI kArya saphala nahIM hotA hai, aura kabhI binA prayAsa kie hI phala prApta ho jAtA hai / ata: kAraNa sAdRzya rahate hue bhI phala meM vaisAdRzya arthAt vairUpya-doSa kA parihAra kevala niyati ko hI ekamAtra kAraka mAnane se ho sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM niyati hI ekamAtra kAraNa hai| sabhI padArtha niyata rUpa se hI utpanna hote haiM / padArthoM ke niyata rUpa se hI utpatti mAnane ke lie yaha mAnanA Avazyaka hai ki sabhI padArtha kisI aise tattva se utpanna hote haiM jisase padArthoM kI niyatarUpatA arthAt vaisA hI hone aura anyathA na hone kA niyamana hotA hai| padArthoM ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa karane meM ye kAraNabhUta usa tattva kA hI nAma niyati hai / ataH ghaTita honevAle ghaTita padArthoM ko niyata mAnanA Avazyaka hai / jaise yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki kisI durghaTanA ke ghaTita hone para bhI sabakI mRtyu nahIM hotI, apitu kucha loga hI marate haiM aura kucha loga jIvita raha jAte haiM / isakI upapatti ke lie yaha mAnanA Avazyaka hai ki prANI kA jIvana aura maraNa niyati para nirbhara hai / jisakA maraNa jaba niyata hotA tabhI usakI mRtyu hotI hai aura jaba taka jisakA jIvana zeSa hotA hai taba taka mRtyu ke prasaMga bAra-bAra Ane para bhI vaha jIvita rahatA hai| usakI mRtyu nahIM hotI / - niyati ke samarthana meM nayacakra meM eka zloka meM kahA gayA hai ki manuSya ko jo bhI zubha-azubha niyati dvArA prAptavya hotA hai vaha use avazya prApta hotA hai kyoMki jagat meM yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki jo vastu jisa rUpa meM 1. anyathA'niyatatvena sarvabhAva: prasajyate / anyonyAtmakatApatteH kriyAvaiphalyameva ca // zA0 vA0 sa0 sta0 2, 64.

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74 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana ghaTita honevAlI nahIM hotI hai vaha bahuta prayatna karane para bhI usa rUpa meM ghaTita nahIM hotI aura jo honevAlI hotI hai vaha anyathA nahIM ho sakatI hai / niyati kA svarUpa nayacakra meM niyati ke svarUpa kA cintana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki niyati jagat kAraNa hote hue bhI vaha sattA se abhinna hI hai / koI eka puruSa meM bAlyAdi avasthAbheda ke vikalpa utpanna hote haiM kintu paramArtha se to vaha puruSa eka hI hai / aise hI niyati bhI paramArthataH eka hI hai / tathA jaise sthANu yA puruSa meM yaha vahI sthANu yA vaha vahI puruSa aisI pratIti kA kAraNa UrdhvatA sAmAnya hai vaise hI kriyA aura phala ke bheda se niyati meM bheda kiyA jAtA hai tathApi vaha paramArthataH to abheda svarUpa hI hai / yaha niyati bhinna dravya, deza, kAla aura bhAva ke bheda se tatsvarUpa, atatsvarUpa, Asanna aura anAsanna bhI hai / niyati kAla, svabhAva Adi nahIM hai / kAla se hI aisI vicitratA sambhavita hai aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiM kyoMki kabhI-kabhI varSA, zarad, hemanta, zizira, basanta, aura grISma Adi Rtu samayAnusAra pravartita nahIM bhI hotI haiM4 / kabhI-kabhI akAla meM bhI varSAdi dekhI jAtI hai / ata: kAla isa vicitratA kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / I svabhAva bhI jAgatika vaicitrya kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki bAlaka rUpa meM honA, yuvA rUpa meM honA ye sabhI puruSa kA svabhAva hone para bhI 1. prAptavyo niyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubhAzubho vA / bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi hi prayatne nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti nAzaH // dvA0 na0 pR0 194. 2. paramArthato'bhedAsau kAraNaM jagataH, bhedavabuddhayutpattAvapi paramArthato'bhedAt, bAlAdibhedapuruSavat / katham ? abhedabuddhyAbhAsabhAve 'pyabhedAbhyanujJAnAd bhedabuddhayAbhAsabhAve'pyabhedAbhyanujJAnAdeva vyavacchinnasthANupuruSatvavat / vahI, pR0 195 3. sA ca tadatadAsannAnAsannA, tasyA eva tadatadAsannAnAsannAnAnAvasthadravyadezAdipratibaddhabhedAt, meghagarbhavat / vahI, pR0 196. 4. na kAlAdayaM vicitro niyamaH, varSArAtrAdiSvapi kvacidayathartupravRtteH / dvA0 na0 pR0 196.

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kAraNavAda 75 bAlyAvasthA meM yuvAvasthA prApta nahIM hotI / ataH yugapat sabhI avasthAoM ke abhAva ke AdhAra meM anya kisI bhI tattva ko kAraNa mAnanA hI par3egA, vahI kAraka tattva niyati hai / __isa prakAra dvAdazAranayacakra meM niyativAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / niyativAda bhAratIya darzana meM khAsakara bauddha darzana evaM jainadarzana ke granthoM meM varNita hai / ukta darzanoM ke grathoM meM niyativAda kA varNana pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai / isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki prAcIna kAla meM niyativAda eka prabhAvapUrNa siddhAnta rahA hogA / kramazaH niyativAda kA hAsa hotA gayA / ataH pazcAtkAlIna granthoM meM niyativAda kA varNana yA khaNDana bhI kama hotA gayA / dvAdazAranayacakra meM niyativAda kA siddhAnta aneka tArkika dalIloM ke AdhAra para sthApita kiyA gayA hai evaM tatpazcAt akATya tarkoM ke dvArA usakA khaNDana bhI kiyA gayA hai / puruSavAda dvAdazAranayacakra ke dvitIya ara meM vibhinna kAraNavAdoM kI sthApanA evaM AlocanA kI gaI hai / jagat meM dRzyamAna vividhatA kA kAraNa kyA ho sakatA hai ? aisI jijJAsA bhAratIya tattvacintakoM ke mana meM prAcIna kAla meM hI udbhUta ho cukI thI / prastuta zaMkA kA samAdhAna pAne ke lie vibhinna dArzanikoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se prayAsa kiyA / pariNAma yaha huA ki jagat vaicitrya kI vyAkhyA ke kisI sarvamAnya siddhAnta ke sthAna para vibhinna siddhAnta astitva meM Ae / ina siddhAntoM ke viSaya meM khaNDana-maNDana kI paramparA bhI zurU huI / ina siddhAntoM meM eka puruSavAda bhI hai / puruSavAda kA kathana hai ki vizva kI vicitratA kA ekamAtra kAraNa puruSa AtmA-brahma hI hai / puruSavAda kA mUla hameM Rgveda ke "puruSasUkta'' meM milatA hai / 1. na ca svabhAvAt, bAlyakaumArayauvanasthavirAvasthAH sarvasvabhAvatvAd yugapat syuH, bhedakramaniyatAvasthotpattyAdidarzanAnna svabhAvaH kAraNam / vahI, pR0 196 2. puruSa evedaM sarvaM yad bhUtaM yacca bhAvyam / utAmRtatvasyezAno yadannenAtirohati / / dvA0 na0 pR0 189.

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76 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana Rgveda ke dazama maNDala ke isa "puruSa sUkta' meM kahA gayA hai ki akelA puruSa hI isa samasta vizva kA jo kucha bhI huA hai tathA jo Age bhaviSya meM honevAlA hai usakA AdhAra hai / dvAdazAranayacakra meM isI mantra ko uddhata karake puruSavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / Rgveda meM prastuta sUkta meM kahA gayA hai ki virATa nAma kA puruSa isa brahmANDa ke andara aura bAhara vyApta hai / yaha jo dRzyamAna jagat hai vaha saba kucha puruSa hI hai| jo atIta jagat hai yA jo bhaviSyat jagat hogA vaha bhI puruSa hI hai| vaha devatAoM kA bhI svAmI hai / sArA hI jagat isa virATa puruSa kA sAmarthya vizeSa hI hai| sRSTi evaM pralaya bhI isI puruSa ke adhIna haiM / puruSa sarvAtmaka hai / cetanAcetana sRSTi kI utpatti isI puruSa se huI hai / isa prakAra sarvaprathama "puruSasUkta" meM puruSavAda viSayaka dArzanika carcA prApta hotI hai / tadanantara zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM puruSa ko jagat kA kAraNa mAnanevAle siddhAnta kA ullekha mAtra kiyA gayA hai / upaniSad meM isa siddhAnta ko pratipAdita karanevAlI pa~ktiyA~ milatI haiN| kahA gayA hai ki "eka hI devatattva sarvabhUta meM sthita hai arthAt vizva kA ekamAtra kAraNa puruSa hI hai| saMsAra meM puruSa ke atirikta anya kucha bhI nahIM hai / jaise candra eka hI hai tathApi usake pratibimba vibhinna jalapUrita pAtroM meM pAye jAte haiM usI taraha bhinna-bhinna deha meM bhinna-bhinna eka hI AtmA pAyI jAtI hai| dvAdazAranayacakra meM bhI "puruSasUkta" ke hI maMtra ko uddhRta karake puruSavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / puruSa hI jagat kA ekamAtra kAraNa hai / 1. RksUktasaMgraha, puruSasUkta, saMhitA-pATha, 2 pR0 141. 2. dvA0 na0 pR0 189. 3. sahasrazIrSA puruSaH sahasrAkSaH sahasrapAt / sa bhUmiM sarvataspRtvAtyatiSThaddazAGgalam // -R0 sU0 saM0 "puruSasUkta," saMhitA, pATha-1, pR0 140. 4. vahI, pR0 140. 5. zvetA0, 1.2 6. upaniSatsaMgraha, muNDakopaniSat, pR0 17.

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kAraNavAda 77 sarvajagat puruSamaya hI hai / puruSa eka hI ataH sarva sattA ekAtmaka hI hai / puruSa hI jagat kA kartA hai kyoMki jo jJAnavAn hotA hai, vahI svatantra hotA hai aura jo svatantra hotA hai vahI kartA hotA hai| jo ajJAnI hai usameM svAtantrya saMbhavita nahIM hai aura jisameM svAtantrya nahIM hotA usameM karttAbhAva nahIM hotA / nayacakravRtti meM isa siddhAnta kI puSTi meM vyAkhyAprajJapti kI paMkti eko'pyahamaneko'pyaham ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / ukta sUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM - maiM eka bhI hU~ aura aneka bhI hU~ / isa prakAra puruSa kI sarvoparitA siddha karate hue puruSavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| puruSavAda : AkSepa aura AkSepa-parihAra jo jJAtA hotA hai vahI kartA hotA hai| aisA mAnane para to dUdha se dahI aura ikSurasa se gur3Adi niSpanna nahIM hoNge| kyoMki yahA~ to jJAtA ke binA hI kriyA niSpanna hotI hai| isakA samAdhAna karate hue puruSavAdI kahate haiM ki yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki vahA~ kArya-pravRtti pUrNa nahIM huI hai ataH Apako aisA bhrama hotA hai ki isakA koI kartA nahIM hai kintu dUdha, dahI, makkhana aura tatpazcAt usase ghI yaha sArI kArya-pravRtti puruSa cetanasattA ke adhIna hI hotI hai| jaise prArambha meM kumhAra cakra ko ghumAtA hai kintu usake bAda bhI cakra kucha samaya taka gatimAna rahatA hai cAhe usa samaya kumhAra cakra ghumAte hue nahIM dikhAI detA hai phira bhI hama yaha anumAna karate haiM ki ise kumhAra ne hI ghumAyA hai| usI prakAra yahA~ bhI cAhe prakaTataH kartA puruSa na dikhAI de, kintu usake mUla meM to vahI hotA hai / 1. dvA0 na0 pR0 189. 2. tadyathA-puruSo hi jJAtA jJAnamayatvAt / tanmayaM cedaM sarvaM tadekatvAt sarvaikatvAcca bhavatIti bhAvaH / ko bhavati ? ya: kartA / kaH kartA ? ya: svatantraH / kaH svatantraH ? kojJaH / - vahI, pR0 175. 3. vyA0 pra0, 18-10-647 uddhRta vahI, pR0 189. 4. nanu kSIrarasAdi dadhyAdeH kartR, na ca tajjJam, na, tatpravRttizeSatvAd gopravRttizeSa kSIradadhitvavat, jJazeSatvAdvA cakrabhrAntivat / dvA0 na0 pR0 175.

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78 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana yadi Apa aisA mAnate haiM ki puruSa hI sabakA kAraNa hai taba yaha Apatti AtI hai ki puruSa svayaM apanI utpatti evaM laya meM kAraNa kaise bana sakatA hai ? jaise aMgulI kA agrabhAga apane agrabhAga ko chU nahIM sakatA evaM talavAra apane Apako cheda nahIM sakatI' / isakA samAdhAna AcArya mallavAdi ne muNDakopaniSad kI kArikA ke AdhAra para diyA hai ki jaise makar3I apanI jAla banAtI hai aura phira vApasa usI ko grahaNa karatI hai tathA jaise vanaspatiyA~ pRthvI se utpanna hotI haiM aura pRthvI meM hI vilIna ho jAtI haiM / jisa prakAra agni se sphuliMga utpanna hote haiM usI prakAra puruSa se hI sArI sRSTi utpanna hotI hai / isa siddhAnta meM koI Apatti nahIM AtI hai| puruSa kI kAla, prakRti, niyati, svabhAva Adi se ekarUpatA dvAdazAranayacakra meM zabdoM kI vyutpatti ke AdhAra para anya kAlAdi tattvoM ko bhI puruSa rUpa hI siddha kiyA hai| jaise puruSa hI kAla hai| kyoMki kalanAt kAla: isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para pANini ke dhAtu-pATha meM kala saMkhyAne pATha milatA hai / tadanusAra kalanaM kA artha jJAna hogA / ataH jo jJAnAtmaka hai vahI kartA hogA aura jJAnAtmaka to kevala puruSa hI hai / isa prakAra kAla aura puruSa meM bheda nahIM hai / prakaraNAt prakRtiH arthAt jo vistAra karatI hai vaha prakRti hai / jaise sattva, rajas, tamasAtmaka prakRti se sRSTi utpanna hotI hai usI prakAra puruSa se - 1. vahI, mUla evaM TIkA, pR0 190. 2. tantravAyakakozakArakakITavacca tadAtmakA evaite saMhAravisargabandhamokSAH / yathA ca sudIptAt pAvakAdvisphuliMgA bhavanti... | vahI, pR0 191. yathorNanAbhiH sRjate gRNIte ca yathA pRthivyAmauSadhayaH sambhavanti / yathA sataH puruSAt kezalomAnIti vA, yathA sudIptAt pAvakAdvisphuliGgA bhavanti tathAkSarAt sambhavatIha vizvam [muNDakopa0] muNDakopa. iti / vahI, pR0 191. 3. sa eva kalanAt kAlaH / dvA0 na0 pR0 191 sa eva jJatvAt kalanAt kAlaH, kala saMkhyAne [pA0dhA0 497. 1866], kalanaM jJAnaM saMkhyAnamityarthaH / vahI, pR0 191.

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kAraNavAda 79 sRSTi kI utpatti hotI hai / ata: puruSa aura prakRti meM koI antara nahIM hai / rUpAdi kA niyamana karanevAloM ko niyati kahate haiM / puruSa bhI rUpAdi kA niyamana karatA hai / ataH puruSa aura niyati abhinna haiM / apane rUpa meM honA svabhAva hai / puruSa bhI apane rUpa meM arthAt svarUpa meM utpanna hotA hai / ataH svabhAva bhI puruSa kA hI paryAyavAcI zabda hai / puruSavAda kA khaNDana I dvAdazAranayacakra meM ukta puruSavAda kI maryAdAoM ko pradarzita karane ke lie AcArya mallavAdi ne niyativAda kA utthAna kiyA hai / sarvaprathama yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki puruSavAda meM puruSa jJAtA evaM svatantra hai, aisA mAnA gayA hai taba puruSa ko anartha aura aniSTa kA bhoga kyoM karanA par3atA hai ? kyoMki jo jJAnI hai aura jo svatantra hai vaha vidvAn rAjA kI taraha sadA aniSTa aura anartha se mukta rahegA / kintu vyavahAra meM to puruSa ko anartha evaM aniSToM se vyApta dekhA jAtA hai / ataH yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki jo jJAtA ho, vaha svatantra bhI ho / yadi Apatti kI jAya ki nidrAvasthA ke kAraNa svatantra puruSa kI svatantratA kA bhaMga hotA hai usI prakAra aniSTa aura anartha ke Agamana kA kAraNa puruSa kI pramatta dazA hI hai| kintu aisA jAnane para bhI puruSa meM svatantratA kI hAni hI jAnanI par3egI aura aisI paristhiti meM puruSa paratantra hone 1. prakaraNAt prakRti: / vahI, pR0 191 sattvarajastamaH svatattvAn, prakAzapravRttiniyamArthAn guNAnAtmasvatattva vikalpAneva bhoktA prakurute iti prakRtiH yathAhureke ajAmekAM lohitazuklakRSNAM bahvIH prajAH sRjamAnAM sarUpAH / ajo hyeko juSamANo'nuzete jahAtyenAM bhuktabhogAmajo'nyaH // zvetazva0, 4.1.55, vahI, pR0 191. 2. rUpANAdiniyamanAnniyatiH / vahI, pR0 191. 3. svena rUpeNa bhavanAt svabhAvaH / vahI, pR0 191. 4. vahI, pR0 246-261 5. sa yadi jJaH svatantrazca, nAtmano'narthamaniSTamApAdayed vidvadrAjavat / vahI, pR0 193.

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80 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana ke kAraNa kartA nahIM bana sakegA / yadi aisA mAna liyA jAe ki puruSa svatantra evaM kartA hone para bhI akartA aura paratantra pratIta hotA hai taba puruSavAda kA svayaM lopa hogA kyoMki jagat kI vicitratA ko siddha karane ke lie puruSavAda kA Azraya liyA aura puruSavAda meM ukta Apatti kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie niyativAda kI paratantratA kA Azraya liyA / ataH puruSavAda kI apekSA niyativAda hI zreSTha huaa| __isa prakAra puruSavAda kA bhI khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / niyativAda kA varNana Age kiyA gayA hai puruSAdvaita kI sthApanA karanA hI prastuta vAda kA lakSya hai| isakI sthApanA ke lie vibhinna tarkoM evaM Agama pramANa kA Azraya liyA hai / puruSavAda kI sthApanA kara dene para bhI usameM aneka doSoM kA udbhAvana anya vAda ke dvArA karAyA gayA hai / isa prakAra eka apekSA se puruSavAda satya hai to anya apekSA se puruSavAda asatya hai / aisI sthApanA karake A0 mallavAdI ne apanI viziSTa zailI kA paricaya diyA hai / bhAvavAda sRSTi ke kAraka tattva kI carcA karate hue nayacakra meM kAla-svabhAvasthiti-niyati aura puruSa kI carcA ke pazcAt bhAvavAda kI carcA kI gaI hai| bhAvavAda kI yaha carcA kAraka ke prasaMga meM dvAdazAranayacakra kI apanI vizeSatA hai / yadyapi Rgveda meM sarvaprathama yaha prazna uThAyA gayA thA ki sRSTi sat se yA bhAva se huI athavA asat yA abhAva se huI ? bhAvavAda vastutaH yaha vicAraNArtha hai ki jo yaha mAnatA hai ki bhAva yA sat se hI sRSTi saMbhava hai 1. na, nidrAvadavasthAvRtteH puruSatAyA evAsvAtantryAt, AhitavegavitaTapAtavat / vahI, pR0 193. 2. nanu tajjJatvAdyayuktataivaiSA samarthyate, yuktatvAbhimatatve'pi cAyameva niyamaH katrantaratvA- pAdanAya / bhavati kartA...acetano'pi bhvti| tanniyamakAriNA kAraNenAvazyaM bhavitavyaM teSAM tathA bhAvAnyathAbhAvAbhAvAditi niyatirevaikA kI / vahI, pR0 193-194. 3. vahI, pR0 231-243. 4. ko addhA veda ka iha pra vocat kuta AjAtA kuta iyaM visRSTiH / Rgveda, "nAsadIya sUkta," 10.129, 6. taSA

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kAraNavAda yA sRSTi kA ekamAtra kAraNa hai| sAmAnya rUpa se yaha prazna sadaiva uThatA rahA hai ki jisakI koI sattA nahIM hai usase utpatti kaise saMbhava hai ? utpatti kA AdhAra to koI bhAvAtmaka sattA hI honA caahie| abhAva se koI bhI sRSTi saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu isake virodha meM yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki yadi hama bhAva ko hI ekamAtra kAraNa mAnate haiM to phira navInatA yA sRSTi kA koI artha nahIM raha jAyegA / vastutaH bhAvAMga vaha vicAra-saraNI hai jo satkAryavAda kA samarthaka hai / yadyapi isa AdhAra para bhAvavAda ke prasaMga meM ve sabhI dUSaNa dikhAe jAte haiM jo satkAryavAda ke prasaMga meM prastuta kie jAte haiN| yadi sRSTi meM athavA utpatti meM koI navInatA na ho to vaha sRSTi yA utpatti hI nahIM kahalAyegI / niyati, svabhAva Adi bhI bhAva ke abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM hote haiN| bhAva zabda kI vyAkhyA hI yahI hai ki jisase yaha hotA hai "yad ayaM bhavati" / aura isameM nihita ayaM zabda hI sva kA sUcaka hai / ataH svabhAvavAda bhI bhAvavAda para Azrita hai / vastu ke sadbhAva meM ina bhAvoM kA abhAva hotA hai / ataH svabhAva kA nirdhAraNa bhAva se hI hotA hai| bhAvavAda ko abhivyakta karate hue AcArya mallavAdi kahate haiM ki bhAva se hI utpatti hotI hai / jo abhAva svarUpa hai usase utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai? bhavana hI sarvavastu kA mUla hai / bhAva padArtha eka hI hai| usameM jo bheda kiyA jAtA hai vaha upacarita hai, kAlpanika hai| bhAva se hI jagat kI utpatti hotI hai / ata: jagat kI utpatti Adi kA kAraNa bhAva hI mAnanA cAhie / isa prakAra bhAvavAda kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai / bhAvavAda kA kathana hai ki ekamAtra bhAva hI kAraNa hai aisA mAnane para miTTI meM ghaTa utpanna hone kA bhAva kyoM hai ? paTa hone kA svabhAva kyoM nahIM hai ? bhAvavAdiyoM ke pAsa isa prakAra kI Apatti kA koI uttara nahIM hai / ___ bhAva zabda kA artha utpanna honA hotA hai arthAt vastu kevala utpanna dharmA hI hogI, nAza to vastu kA dharma nahIM hogA / ataH nAza kI prakriyA jo 1. dvA0 na0 pR0 231-234. 2. tacca pratyavastamitaniravazeSavizeSaNaM bhavanaM sarvavastugarbhaH sarvabimbasAmAnyamabhinnaM bIjam / vahI, pR0 234.

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82 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana pratyakSa siddha hai, bhAvavAda meM nahIM ghttegii| isa prakAra kAlavAda, puruSavAda, niyativAda, svabhAvavAda evaM bhAvavAda ke siddhAnta kA varNana prastuta grantha meM prApta hotA hai / advaita kAraNa kI carcA karate hue uparokta vAdoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa varNana ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM, ki prAcIna kAla meM kAlAdi vAda pracalita rahe hoMge kintu bAda meM ve darzana lupta ho gae itanA hI nahIM kintu tadtad vAdoM kI carcA evaM khaNDana-maNDana bhI lupta ho gayA, ataH paravartI dArzanika granthoM meM etadviSayaka carcA prApta nahIM hotI hai /

Page #100
caturtha adhyAya Izvara kI avadhAraNA vartamAna yuga meM jaba dharmadarzana kI carcA kI jAtI hai to usake sAtha anivArya rUpa se Izvara kI avadhAraNA jur3I hI rahatI hai| Aja sAmAnyatayA dharma ko IzvaravAda kA paryAyavAcI mAnA jAtA hai, kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama yaha pAte haiM ki Izvara kI avadhAraNA kA eka kAlakrama meM vikAsa huA hai| bhAratIya dharmoM meM aneka aise dharma rahe haiM jo IzvaravAda kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karake nahIM calate / aitihAsika dRSTi se veda sabase prAcIna dhArmika grantha haiM / Aja jaba hama vaidika dharma kI bAta karate haiM taba hama mAnate haiM ki usameM Izvara kI avadhAraNA anusyUta hai, kintu yadi taTastha dRSTi se vicAra kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki Rgveda jaise prAcInatama grantha meM Izvara kI avadhAraNA kA pUrNataH abhAva hai| isameM eka bhI sthala aisA nahIM hai jahA~ Izvara zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA ho / usameM vibhinna devoM kI carcA to upalabdha hotI hai kintu sarvazaktimAna aura sarvaniyaMtA Izvara kI avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se anupasthita hai / yahI sthiti sAmAnyatayA yajurveda aura sAmaveda kI bhI hai / yadyapi yaha avazya satya hai ki vedoM ke badudevavAda se hI IzvaravAda kA vikAsa huA / sabase pahale hama atharvaveda jo apekSAkRta navIna veda hai usameM Izvara zabda ko pAte haiM kintu vahA~ 1. Izvara sambandhI vicAra aura vizva saMskRti - kumArI kaMcanalatA sabbaravAla, pR0 - 53.

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84 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana bhI Izvara zabda kA artha 'svAmI' se adhika nahIM hai| vizva sRSTA, vizva niyaMtA, sarvazaktimAna koI Izvara hai aisI avadhAraNA to atharvaveda meM bhI bahuta spaSTa rUpa meM nahIM milatI hai / yadyapi vedoM ke kucha sUtroM kI vyAkhyA IzvaravAda ke rUpa meM bhI kI jAtI hai / svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI Adi ne apanI vyAkhyA meM kucha veda-sUtroM ko isa rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai kintu prAcIna mImAMsaka aura sAyaNa Adi bhI isa rUpa meM vyAkhyA nahIM karate / Izvara kI avadhAraNA kA spaSTa pratipAdana aura usameM vizva sRSTA aura vizva niyaMtA ke rUpa meM ullekha upaniSad kAla ke hI haiM / yaha satya hai ki mAnava mastiSka ne sRSTi vaicitrya kI khoja meM hI niyati, kAla, svabhAva Adi ke sAtha-sAtha IzvaravAda kI avadhAraNA ko vikasita kiyA aura Izvara ko parama AtmA ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA / aupaniSadika kAla se Izvara kI avadhAraNA kA do rUpoM meM vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai; eka ora Izvara ko parama AtmA yA naitika aura AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke sarvocca rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA hai to dUsarI ora use vizva ke sRSTA, niyaMtA aura saMhArakartA ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| _ bhAratIya dharmoM kI zramaNa aura brAhmaNadhArA meM Izvara yA paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa to huA kintu jahA~ zramaNadhArA meM use naitika pUrNatA yA AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ke rUpa meM parama zuddha, pavitra AtmA kahA gayA vahA~ brAhmaNadhArA meM use vizva kA sRSTA, niyAmaka aura durjanoM kA vinAzakartA evaM sajjanoM para kRpA karanevAlA kahA gayA hai / yadyapi hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki brAhmaNadhArA meM jo prAcIna mImAMsaka haiM ve Izvara kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karake nahIM calate haiM / lokamAnya bAla gaMgAdhara kA kathana haivedoM meM Adhunika Izvara (sRSTikartA Izvara kI) mAnyatA kA abhAva hai / jisa 1. Izvara-mImAMsA, pR0 56. 2. zvetAzva, a0 3, pR0 136-137. 3. kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintvA / saMyoga eSAM na tvAnmabhAvAdAtmApyanIza: sukhadu:kha hetoH // 4. gItA rahasya, pR0 89. zvetAzva0 1.2.

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Izvara kI avadhAraNA 85 prakAra vedoM meM sRSTikarttA (Izvara) kI mAnyatA nahIM hai usI prakAra unameM Izvara se sRSTi kI utpatti kA bhI kathana nahIM hai / kathana kI bAta hI kyA apitu usameM Izvara se sRSTi utpatti kA balapUrvaka niSedha kiyA gayA hai / Aja Astika darzanoM meM jina darzanoM ko parigaNita kiyA jAtA hai unameM na kevala mImAMsA hI kintu prAcIna sAMkhya darzana meM bhI Izvara kI avadhAraNA kA abhAva rahA hai / yadyapi vijJAnabhikSu Adi paravartI sAMkhyAcAryoM ne 'jJa' puruSa ke rUpa meM sAMkhyadarzana meM Izvara kI avadhAraNA ko praviSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / " yogadarzana meM yadyapi Izvara kA pratyaya hai kintu vahA~ bhI Izvara sAdhanA kA carama Adarza yA dhyeya mAnA gayA hai| yogadarzana bhI usako sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM koI vyAkhyA nahIM karatA hai / bhAratIya nAstika darzanoM ke varga meM cArvAka, bauddha aura jaina Izvara ke sRSTikarttA svarUpa kA khaNDana karate haiM kintu jainadarzana meM pavitrAtmA, pUrNAtmA, karmaphala se zuddhAtmA yA naitika yA AdhyAtmikatA kI pUrNatA ko prApta AtmA ke rUpa meM paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA avazya upasthita hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne kevalI, sarvajJa, vItarAga aura tIrthakara ke rUpa meM Izvara (paramAtmA) ko svIkAra kiyA, kintu sRSTikarttA yA sRSTi niyaMtA ke rUpa meM Izvara ko kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA, ve isake spaSTa rUpa se Alocaka rahe / Alocya grantha dvAdazAranayacakra meM sRSTikarttA aura vizvaniyaMtA Izvara kI 1. IzvarAsiddheH 1.92. pramANAbhAvAnna tatsiddhi : 115. 10. 2. sAMkhya-pravacana- bhASya, pR0 49-51. 3. IzvarapraNidhAnAdvA 4. kleza-karma vipAkAzayairaparAbhRSTaH puruSavizeSaH IzvaraH / sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya // 5. sa tvamevAsi nirdoSa yuktizAstravirodhivAk / avirodho yadiSTaM te prasiddhena na bAdhyate // karttAsti kazcid jagataH sa caikaH sa sarvagaH sa svavazaH nityaH / imA kuvAka viDambanA syusteSAM na yeSAmanuzAsakastvam // 6. sAMkhyasUtra 0 yogasUtra 1.23 vahI, 1.24. tatvArtha sUtra 1.30 AptamImAMsA, zloka 0 77. syAdvAda - maMjarI, pR0 38.

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86 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana avadhAraNA ko nyAyasUtra ke AdhAra para pratipAdita avazya kiyA gayA hai, kintu nayacakrakAra kevala IzvaravAda kI avadhAraNA ko samupasthita kara virAma nahIM lete haiM apitu vaha sRSTikartA aura vizvaniyaMtA Izvara kI avadhAraNA kA karmavAda ke mAdhyama se khaNDana bhI karate haiM / dvAdazAranayacakra ke tIsare ara meM sarvaprathama zvetAzvatara upaniSad ke AdhAra para IzvaravAda ke pUrvapakSa ko samupasthita kiyA gayA aura phira nyAyasUtroM ke AdhAra para usakI tArkika sthApanA kI gaI hai / kintu bAda meM nayacakra ke caturtha ara meM karma siddhAnta ko samupasthita karake IzvaravAda ke pUrvapakSa kI vistRta samAlocanA bhI kI gaI hai / nimna paMktiyoM meM hama yaha prastuta karane kA prayAsa kareMge ki mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa nayacakra meM kisa prakAra IzvaravAda ko samupasthita karate haiM aura kisa prakAra usakA khaNDana karate haiN| nyAyadarzana meM Izvara ko jagat kA kartA mAnA gayA hai / isI kI siddhi ke lie naiyAyikoM ne kArya-hetuka anumAna kA Azraya liyA hai aura kahA hai ki sRSTi ko utpanna karanevAlA koI kartA (puruSa vizeSa) honA cAhie, pRthvI, parvata, vRkSa Adi padArtha kisI buddhimAna kartA ke banAe hue hote haiM jaise ghaTa, paTAdi / usI taraha pRthvI Adi kArya haiM isalie ye bhI 1. dvAdazAranayacakraM, pR0 327-331. 2. vahI, pR0 335-344. 3. ekovazI niSkriyANAM bahUnAmekaM bIjaM bahudhA yaH karoti / tamAtmasthaM ye'nupazyanti dhIrAsteSAM zAntiH zAzvatI netareSAm / / zvetAzva0 6/12, uddhRta dvAdazAraMnayacakraM, pR0 332. 4. vahI, pR0 328-332. 5. vahI, pR0 335-344. 6. sarvamIzvarapravartitaM pravartane, nAnyathA / dvA0 na0 pR0 329 izvara: kAraNam , puruSakarmAphalyadarzanAn / na, puruSakarmAbhAve phalaniSpatteH / tatkAritvAdahetuH / nyAyasUtra 4/1/19-21.

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87 Izvara kI avadhAraNA buddhimAna kartA ke banAe hue hone cAhie~ / ataH jo koI ina saba padArthoM kA kartA hai vahI izvara hai / Izvara kI siddhi meM eka anya anumAna kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai jise Ayojana dvayaNuka janaka kriyA hetuka anumAna kahA jAtA hai / isI anumAna ke AdhAra para dvAdazAranayacakra meM Izvara kI siddhi kI gaI hai / sRSTi ke prArambhakAla meM honevAle dvayaNuka kI utpatti jisa paramANu-karma se hotI hai vaha karma prayatnajanya hai| kyoMki vahA~ eka karma hai| jo bhI karma hotA hai, vaha saba prayatnajanya hotA hai / jaise asmadAdi ke zarIra meM honevAlA karma / isakA Azaya yaha hai ki sRSTi ke Arambha meM jaba dvayaNuka kI utpatti hotI hai taba jina paramANuoM ke saMyoga se dvaNayuka kI utpatti hotI hai una paramANuoM meM se kisI eka paramANu meM Izvara ke prayatna se karma utpanna hotA hai aura usase dUsare paramANu ke sAtha saMyoga kI kriyA hotI hai / yadi Izvara kA astitva na mAnA jAyegA to do paramANuoM meM saMyoga utpanna karanevAlA karma na ho sakegA / isa prakAra Izvara kI siddhi hotI hai / 3 nyAyasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki puruSa jo karma karatA hai usakA phala avazya bhogatA hai aisA nahIM hai / kabhI-kabhI puruSa acche karma karatA hai phira 1. urvIparvatarvAdikaM sarvaM, buddhimatvarkartRkaM, kAryatvAt, yat, kAryaM tattatsarvaM buddhimatkartRkaM, yathA ghaTaH, tathA vedaM, tasmAt tathA, vyatireke vyomAdi / yazca buddhimAMstatkartA sa bhagavAnIzvara eveni // syAdvavAdamaMjarI, pR0 38. 2. kaH punarIzvarasya kAraNatve nyAyaH ayaM nyAyo'bhidhIyate-pradhAnaparamANukarmANi prAk pravRtterbuddhimatkAraNAdhiSThitAni pravartante, acetanatvAt, vAsyAdivaditi / yathA vAsyAdi buddhimatA lakSNA adhiSThitamacetanatvAt pravartate tathA pradhAnAparamANukarmANi acetanAni pravartante / tasmAt tAnyapi buddhimatkAraNAdhiSThitAnIti / dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 324. tanukaraNabhuvanasAdhanAya pravRttAni adRSTANupradhAnAdIni viziSTacetanadhiSThitAnyeva pravartante, sambhUyaikArthakAritvAt, takSadhiSThitarathadArUgaNavat / tathA acetanatvAt sthitvA pravRtteH turyAdivat / itarathA adRSTANupradhAnAdeH pravRttiphalaprakarSApakarSoM na syAtAm / dRSTau ca tau / tayorato na vimardakSama kAraNamastIzvarakAmacAreraNAtrate / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 328-329

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana bhI use duHkhI honA par3atA hai aura kabhI-kabhI puruSa azubha karma karane para bhI zubha yA sukha ko prApta karatA hai / isa prakAra karma aura phala meM visaMvAda hone ke kAraNa yaha anumAna hotA hai ki puruSa ke karmoM ke phala-prApti kI siddhi anya kisI ke adhIna hai / jisake adhIna hai vaha Izvara hai / IzvarecchA ke binA puruSa ke karma viphala rahate haiM aura IzvarecchA hone para binA karma hI phalotpatti hotI hai / isalie kArya jisa Izvara ke adhIna haiM, usI ko kAryamAtra kA kAraNa mAnanA cAhie aura kahA hai ki puruSa karmoM ke phaloM kI siddhi jagadracanA ke binA sambhava nahIM aura jagat racanA IzvarAdhIna hai| ata: Izvara ko saba kAryoM kA kAraNa mAnanA upayukta hai| dvAdazAranayacakra meM eka aura pramANa dete hue kahA hai ki pradhAna paramANu Adi tattva meM pravRtti kisI cetana tattva ke kAraNa hI ho sakatI hai kyoMki pradhAna, paramANu Adi tattva acetana haiM / acetana tattva svayaM pravRtti nahIM karegA yathA lakar3I Adi / ataH acetana meM pravRtti tabhI ho sakatI hai jaba vaha acetana koI cetana-tattva se adhiSThita ho / yaha adhiSThAtA Izvara hI hai / IzvaravAda kI uparokta tArkika sthApanA meM AnevAlI sambhAvita ApattiyoM kA uttara nayacakra meM nimna prakAra se diyA gayA hai Upara batAyA gayA hai ki karmaphala Izvara ke adhIna hai| taba yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki puruSa svakRta karma ke phala kI prApti IzvarAdhIna mAnI jAya taba kabhI-kabhI binA karma hI phalaprApti honI cAhie / yadi aisA mAna liyA jAe taba akRta karma kI phalaprApti kA doSa AyegA evaM phalaprApti meM vividhatA va nyUnAdhikatA hone se Izvara para anyAnya evaM pakSapAta kA doSa Aropita hogA, kintu Izvara to aisA nahIM hai, ataH Izvara ko kArya kA kAraNa mAnanA vyartha hai| 1. izvara: kAraNAm; puruSakarmAphalyadarzanAt // puruSo yaM samIhamAno nAvazyaM samIhAphalaM prApnoti, tenAnumIyate, parAdhInapuruSasya karmaphalArAdhanam iti, yadadhInaM sa IzvaraH / tasmAdIzvaraH kAraNamiti / / nyAyadarzanam, IzvaraprakaraNa, TIkA- 19, pR0 283. 2. dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 328-29.

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89 Izvara kI avadhAraNA AcArya ne IzvaravAdI kI ora se ukta AzaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue kahA hai ki Izvara dvArA saMpAdita hone ke kAraNa ukta AzaMkA ayuktika hai / kahane kA matalaba yaha hai ki karma karanevAle puruSa kA itanA sAmarthya nahIM ki vaha svakRta karmoM kI saphalatA ke lie mUlabhUta sAdhanoM kA sampAdana kara sake / mUlabhata sAdhana haiM-vartamAna vizva ke rUpa meM pRthvI Adi bhUtoM kI racanA puruSa unhIM ke AdhAra para svakRta karmoM ke phaloM ko prApta kara pAtA hai| vizva kI yaha racanA IzvarAdhIna hai / isa prakAra puruSa ke karmoM kA phala IzvarAdhIna hai| dUsarA ananta puruSoM ke ananta vividha karmoM kA lekhA-jokhA kisI eka puruSa ke jJAna meM na hone se usakI vyavasthA kA honA saMbhava nhiiN| kevala sarvajJa Izvara ke jJAna meM ananta karmoM kA lekhA-jokhA kahanA sambhava hai| usI ke AdhAra para puruSoM ke karmAnurUpa phaloM kI vyavasthA hotI hai / isa prakAra karmaphaloM kA sampAdana Izvara hI karatA hai yaha jAnanA hogA / dvAdazAranayacakra meM eka aura prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki Apa yaha kaheMge ki pradhAna paramANu Adi meM pravRtti kisI cetana tattva ke kAraNa hI hotI hai taba to Izvara meM jo pravRtti hotI hai yA Izvara svayaM jo pravRtti karatA hai vaha bhI kisI aura cetana tattva se adhiSThita mAnanI par3egI / aisA mAnane para anavasthA doSa AyegA / isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yahA~ acetana tattva ke pravRtti kI carcA hai / acetana tattva jaba bhI pravRtta hotA hai to cetana tattva ko adhiSThita hokara hI hotA hai aura dUsarI bAta Izvara to svayaM cetana svarUpa hai ataH usameM cetanAropita kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / taba dUsarA prazna yaha bhI uThAyA gayA hai ki Apa acetana tattva ko puruSAdhiSThita mAnate haiM to eka ora Apatti AyegI vaha yaha kI sabhI cetana tattva yAni ki manuSyAdi bhI Izvara hI bana jAyeMge / 2 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 329-330. 2. sthitvApravRtacetanAnadhiSThitezvaravadanekAnta iti cet Izvarasya vA cetanAdhiSThitatA tasyApi cAnyAdhiSThitatetyanavasthA / na, cetanAdhiSThitapravRtitva-sAdhyadharmatvAt / devadattAdayastarhi cetanezvarAnadhiSThitAH pravartante so'pi vezvarastadvaccetanAntarAdhiSThitaH / ucyate va tvayA cetanAnAmapIzvarAdhiSThAnaM puruSavAdanirasanAya...... / dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 330.

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana isa Apatti kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki saMsArI jIva ko apane sukha-duHkha kA bodha nahIM hotA hai tathA saMsArI jIva apane hitAhita ke viSaya meM bhI ajJAnI haiM / usako yaha jJAna nahIM hai ki kyA karane se unako lAbha hogA yA kyA karane se unako hAni hogI ? isI kAraNa apane sukhaduHkha kA kartA svayaM nahIM ho sakatA / ataH yaha mAnanA Avazyaka hai ki jIva Izvara kI preraNA se aise kArya karatA hai jina se svarga athavA naraka kI prApti hotI hai, kyoMki ajJoM kI pravRtti meM yaha preraNA hI kAraNa hotI hai / isa prakAra kevala Izvara meM hI kAraNatA kI siddhi kI gaI. hai / isa prakAra nayacakra meM prathama nyAyasUtra ke AdhAra para IzvaravAda kI sthApanA kI gaI phira usake prati honevAlI sambhAvita ApattiyoM kA nirAkaraNa karake usakI tArkika DhaMga se puSTi kI gaI hai| IzvaravAda kA khaNDana jaina, bauddha, mImAMsaka, sAMkhya aura yoga Izvara ko jagat kA nimitta kAraNa yA upAdAna kAraNa kucha bhI nahIM mAnate / ataH ukta darzana ke granthoM meM IzvaravAda kA khaNDana prApta hotA hai / dvAdazAranayacakra ke caturtha ara meM bhI karmavAda ke utthAna ke pUrva karmavAdI ke dvArA hI IzvaravAda kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| karmavAda ke anusAra jIva ke zubhAzubha karma hI sukha yA duHkha ke kAraNa ho sakate haiM anya koI vyakti sukha yA du:kha kA kAraNa nahIM bana sakatA / ataH karmavAda kA tAtparya yaha hai ki sRSTi kA niyamana karanevAlA koI eka cetana tattva nahIM ho sakatA kintu puruSa svayaM hI apane karmAnusAra phala prApta karatA hai / dvAdazAranayacakra kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki apane karmoM se mukta hokara hI saba manuSya utpanna hote haiM / karma jisa prakAra kA 1. ajJo janturanIzo'yamAtmanaH sukha-duHkhayoH / Izvaraprerito gacchet svarga yA zvabhrameva vA / mahA0 vana0 30/ 28. - uddhRt, dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 330. 2. nanvevaM tvaduktA evopapattayaH sarvaprANIzvararatvaM sAdhyanti, sukhAdyAtmasaMvedyalakSaNatvAt karmaNaH sukhAdyadRSTANUnAmapi karmatvAt karmapravartanAbhyupagamAt sarvaprANinAM kartRtvAt karmapravartanAbhyupagamAt sarvaprANinAM kartRtvAt kariva bhavitRtvAbhyupagamAt tathyaiva bhavituzca prayojanAt sarvezvaratA / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM pR0 335-336

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91 Izvara kI avadhAraNA hotA hai usI prakAra kA phala prApta karatA hai kintu svecchAnusAra phala kI prApti nahIM hotI / jaise manuSya ucita samaya meM pathya AhAra khAtA hai to sukha prApta karatA hai aura isake viparIta apathya bhojana karane para duHkha kA bhAgI banatA hai / isI prakAra dharma kA AcaraNa karane se sukha kI prApti hotI hai aura adharma kA AcaraNa duHkha kA kAraNa hotA hai / arthAt sukha yA duHkha Izvara prerita nahIM apitu svakarmavazAt hI hotA hai| zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jIva svayaM hI vibhinna karmoM se pravRtta hotA hai aura usake anusAra karmaphala bhogatA hai, usameM Izvara kA karttavya siddha karanA nirarthaka hai / anyathA yogAdi kI kriyA aura vratAdi kA koI mahattva nahIM rahegA sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki karma kI saphalatA utpanna karane ke lie Izvara kA astitva Avazyaka hai aisA mAnA jAe taba vibhinna karma vibhinna phaloM ko pradAna karane meM svayaM samartha na hoM to Izvara kA astitva mAnane para bhI una karmoM se svarganarakAdi vibhinna phaloM kI siddha nahIM hogI / kyoMki yadi karmoM meM svayaM tad tad phala pradAna karane kA sAmarthya na hogA to Izvara kA astitva donoM prakAra ke karmoM ke lie samAna hone se yaha niyama nahIM ho sakatA ki brahmahatyA se naraka aura yamaniyamAdi se svarga kI prApti ho sakatI hai / yadi isa doSa ke parihArArtha una karmoM ko tadtad phaloM ko pradAna karane meM svayaM samartha mAnA jAyegA to phira Izvara ko mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hogI ? kyoMki karma to svayaM hI tadtad phaloM ko pradAna kara detA hai / sRSTikarttA ke rUpa meM Izvara ko mAnanevAle ke mata kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki Izvara to vItarAga hai use kisI vastu kI icchA nahIM hai to vaha sRSTi ko utpanna hI kyoM karegA ? yadi vItarAga Izvara meM sRSTi-racanA 1. svakarmayukta evAyaM sarvo'pyuppadyate naraH / sa tathA kriyate tena na yathA svayamicchati // yathAhAraH kAle pariNativizeSakramavazAt / sukhaM pathyospathyo sukhamiha vidyate talubhRtAm || tathA dharmAdharmAviti vigatazaMkAmapi kathAM / kathaM zrotuM neyAM viSayaviSavegakSatadhiyaH // 2. zAstravArtA - samuccaya, sta0 3, dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 336.

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92 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana vizvaracanA meM prayojana kA abhAva hai to Izvara ko niSprayojana ceSTA karanevAlA mAnanA hogA / saprayojana ceSTA se vItarAgatA kI hAni hogI / ataH sRSTi-racanA ke dvArA bhI Izvara kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / dvAdazAranayacakra meM kahA gayA hai ki Izvara karma ke anusAra prANI ko sukha yA duHkha dete haiM taba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki Izvara satkarma ke AdhAra para phala detA hai yA asat karma ke AdhAra para ? karma ko sat mAnane para karma Izvara se pUrva bhI avasthita mAnA jAyegA taba to vaha sat IzvarAtmaka hI bana jAyegA; kayoMki eka hI param tattva ko mAnA gayA hai aura yadi yaha mAnA jAye ki karma asat thA aura Izvara se usakI utpatti huI taba bhI karma Izvara se utpanna hone ke kAraNa IzvarAtmaka bana jAyegA arthAt sat yA asat aise donoM pakSa meM Izvara aura karma meM abheda hI siddha hotA hai / 2 / nayacakra meM yaha bhI prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki Izvara prANiyoM ko phala detA hai taba vaha karma kI apekSA rakhe binA hI prANiyoM ko sukha-duHkha detA hai; taba to prANiyoM ko niyamana karanevAle karma ke abhAva meM indriya upabhoga, abhyudaya, patana, mokSa Adi kI siddha hI nahIM ho pAyegI / yaha mAnA jAye ki vaha karma kI apekSA rakhakara phala detA hai taba to usakA aizvarya hI naSTa ho jAyegA / isa prakAra nayacakra meM IzvaravAda kI aneka sImAoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha bAta smaraNIya hai ki naiyAyikoM hI ne aneka tarkoM se Izvara ko kAraNa to siddha kiyA hai kintu upAdAna kAraNa na mAnakara nimitta kAraNA mAnA hai / yahI bAta vaizeSikoM ne bhI kI hai| isake viparIta brahmasUtra meM zaMkara Adi AcAryoM ne naiyAyika aura vaizeSika sammata nimittakAraNavAda kA prabala virodha karake Izvara ko jagat kA adhiSThAtA aura upAdAna siddha kiyA hai / 1. vahI, sta0 3. 2. IzvarAttu karmaNaH pravartanaM kiM sataH asataH / tadyadyabhUtasya tato dvaitaM tasyApi tadAtmakatvAt / ' bhUtasya cet prAgapi tadasti, tacca IzvarAtmaiva tathAbhUtestathApravRttestadApatteH, tathA'pi sutarAmadvaitam tadAtmakatvAdeva / atha yasmai pravartyate yathA tasmAt tahi tat tathAbhUtaM - tadvazAt tathezvarapravRteH, tatastasya pravartane sa evezvaraH / dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 336-339. 3. dvAdazAraM nayacakrama, pR0 340-345. 4. nyAyAvatAravAtirkavRtti, TippaNAni, pR0 191.

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paJcama adhyAya sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA prAcIna kAla se hI mAnava ke mana meM sRSTi ke parama tattva ke viSaya meM jAnane kI jijJAsA utpanna rahI hai / isa jijJAsA kA uttara prApta karane ke lie prayAsa bhI kie gae / parama tattva ke svarUpa para vibhinna dArzanikoM ne vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se vicAra kiyA aura usI se vibhinna dArzanika matoM kA udbhava huA / pro0 sAgaramala jI jaina kA kahanA hai ki jaba mAnavIya jijJAsAvRtti ne indriya jJAna meM pratIta honevAle isa jagat ke antima rahasya ko samajhane ke lie bauddhika gaharAiyoM meM utaranA prArambha kiyA to pariNAma svarUpa sat sambandhI vibhinna dRSTikoNoM kA udbhava huA / 2 sat kA svarUpa jo bhI ho, kintu jaba use indriyAnubhava, buddhi aura antardRSTi Adi vividha sAdhanoM ke dvArA jAna evaM vivecita karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai to vaha ina sAdhanoM kI vividhatAoM tathA vaicArika dRSTikoNoM kI vibhinnatA se vividha rUpa ho jAtA hai / sat ke svarUpa kA cintana Rgveda se bhI pUrva prArambha ho cukA thaa| Rgveda kAla meM bhI sat ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM aneka mata pracalita the / isIlie kahA gayA hai ki 'ekaM sad viprAH bahudhA vadanti / ' arthAt eka hI 1. "ekaM sadviprA bahudhA vadanti // " Rg0 aSTa0 2, a03; va0 23. ma0 461 nAsadIya sUkta Rg0 10. 129. hiraNyagarbhasUkta Rg0 10.121. 2. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, pR0 182 183.

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94 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana sat ko vidvAn aneka prakAra se kahate haiM / dvAdazAranayacakra meM bhI sat ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM carcA kI gaI hai| AcArya mallavAdi ne grantha ke prArambha meM hI yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki "kimeva pratipAdyamasti ?" pratipAdya kyA hai ? aura sAtha meM yaha bhI prazna uThAyA hai ki isa sRSTi kA vyApta arthAt mUla tattva kyA hai ? yahA~ vyApta zabda se AcAryazrI ko parama tattva, mUla tattva yA vastutattva hI abhipreta hai kyoMki isake bAda vastutattva kI carcA kA hI prArambha kiyA gayA hai / dvAdazAra-nayacakra meM tatkAlIna prAyaH sabhI vAdoM kA saMgraha hai| ataH usameM sat sambandhI siddhAntoM kI carcA prApta hotI hai| isa parama tattva ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM vicAraNAoM kI vividhatA kA kAraNa batAte hue pro0 sAgaramalajI ne kahA hai ki'-jinhoMne mAtra indriya anubhavoM kI prAmANikatA ko svIkAra kara use samajhane kA prayatna kiyA unheM vaha aneka aura parivartanazIla pratIta huA aura jinhoMne indriya anubhavoM kI prAmANikatA meM sandeha kara kevala tarka-buddhi ke mAdhyama se use samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA unhoMne use advaya, avyaya, aura avikArya pAyA / ataH sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM matvaividya ke nimna kAraNa haiM1. indriyAnubhava, bauddhika jJAna, antardRSTi Adi jJAna ke sAdhanoM kI vividhtaa| 2. vyaktiyoM ke dRSTikoNoM, jJAnAtmaka staroM tathA vaicArika parivezoM kI vibhinnatAe~ / 3. bhASA kI apUrNatA tathA tajjanita abhivyakti samabandhI kaThinAIyA~ / 4. sat eka pUrNatA hai aura jJAtA mAnasa usakA aMza hai / aMza aMzI ko pUrNarUpeNa nahIM jAna sakatA / isa prakAra jJAna kI AMzikatA / isa prakAra sat sambandhI dRSTikoNoM kI vividhatA ke uparyukta cAra kAraNa haiN| 1. Rg0 aSTa02. a0 3, va0 23. ma0 46. 2. kimeva pratipAdyamasti ? dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 6. 3. tatra vidhivRttistAvada yathAlokagrAhameva vastu.... I - dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 11. 4. jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhA0 1, pR0 183.

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sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA bhAratIya cintana meM sat sambandhI vibhinna dRSTikoNa bhAratIya darzana meM sat ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM vibhinna siddhAntoM kA udbhava huA hai / paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ina vividha siddhAntoM ko saMkSepa meM pA~ca prakAra meM samAviSTa kie haiM-1 1. kevala nityavAda, 2. kevala anityavAda, 3. pariNAmI nityavAda, 4. nityAnitya ubhayavAda, 5. nityAnityAtmaka vAda / DaoN0 padmarAje ne sat sambandhI bhAratIya dRSTikoNa ko inhIM pA~ca vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / 2 1. prathama varga meM sat kA advaya siddhAnta (nityavAda) AtA hai / jo yaha mAnatA hai ki sat advaya, avyaya, avikArya evaM kUTastha hai| parivartana yA anekatA mAtra vivartta hai / sat sambandhI isa vicAra praNAlI kA pratinidhitva brahmavAdI vedAntI karate haiM / DaoN0 candradhara zarmA ke matAnusAra vijJAnavAdI aura zUnyavAdI bauddha vicAradhArAe~ bhI isa varga meM A sakatI haiM kyoMki ye donoM darzana yaha mAnate haiM ki yaha vizva vijJAna yA zUnya kA hI vivartta mAtra hai| sat kevala vijJAna yA zUnya hI hai / 2. dUsare varga meM sat kA parivartanazIlatA (anityavAda) kA siddhAnta AtA hai| isake anusAra sat kA lakSaNa anityatA, kSaNikatA evaM parivartanazIlatA hai / isa vicAradhArA kA anusaraNa prArambhika bauddha darzana karatA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramalajI ke matAnusAra prAcIna jaina aura bauddha AgamoM meM varNita / ucchedavAda ko bhI isI varga meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| 3. tIsare varga meM sat kA vaha siddhAnta AtA hai jisake anusAra sat meM bheda 1. pramANamImAMsA, bhASA TippaNAni, pR0 53. 2. jaina thyorIja oNpha rIyaliTI eNDa naoNleja, pR0 25-26.

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana aura abheda donoM mAnate hue bhI abheda ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai aura bheda ko gauNa mAnA gayA hai / yaha pariNAmI nityavAda kA siddhAnta hai / bhedaabheda ke adhIna hai / isa vicAradhArA kA pratinidhitva sAMkhyadarzana, nimbArka, bhAskarAcArya, viziSTAdvaitavAda karatA hai| 4. cauthe varga kA siddhAnta bhI sat meM bheda aura abheda donoM ko svIkAra karatA hai arthAt yaha nityAnitya ubhayavAdI siddhAnta hai / tIsare varga se isakA antara isa AdhAra para hai ki yaha abheda ko gauNa aura bheda ko pramukha banAtA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kucha padArthoM ko mAtra nitya aura kucha ko mAtra anitya mAnane ke kAraNa nityAnitya ubhayavAdI haiM / pro0 sAgaramalajI ke anusAra madhva bhI isI mata kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / pA~caveM varga ke siddhAnta meM sat ko bheda aura abhedamaya mAnate hue kisI eka ko pramukha nahIM mAnA gayA, varan donoM ko parasparApekSI mAnA gayA hai / paM0 sukhalAlajI ne isI siddhAnta ko nityAnityAtmaka mAnA hai / bheda aura abheda donoM sApekSa haiM aura eka-dUsare para nirbhara hokara hI apanA astitva rakhate haiM / jainadarzana isI varga meM AtA hai| uparokta vargIkaraNa ke atirikta sat sambandhI bhAratIya siddhAntoM kA eka aura vargIkaraNa pro0 sAgaramalajI ne kiyA hai / unake kathanAnusAra sat ke vibhinna dRSTikoNa ke mUla meM tIna prazna rahe haiM / ataH ina tIna praznoM ke AdhAra para mukhya tIna vibhAga karake unameM anyAnya darzana ke sat sambandhI siddhAnta ko sAmAviSTa kiyA gayA hai / jo isa prakAra hai1. sat ke ekatva aura anekatva kA prazna (ka) ekattvavAda (kha) dviktvavAda (ga) bahuttvavAda 1. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, pR0 185. 2. pramANamImAMsA, bhASA TippaNAni, pR0 53-54. 3. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhA0 1, pR0 183.

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27 sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA 2. sat ke parivartanazIla yA aparivartanazIla hone kA prazna (ka) sat nirvikAra evaM avyava hai / (kha) sat parivartanazala yA anitya hai| 3. sat ke bhautika yA AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA prazna (ka) bhautikavAda (kha) adhyAtmavAda DaoN0 sAgaramalajI ne sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kI sat sambandhI avadhAraNA ___ ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki 1. cArvAka darzana sat ko bhautika, pariNAmI evaM aneka mAnatA hai / 2. prArambhika bauddha darzana ke anusAra sat parivartanazIla, anitya, aneka to hai, kintu vaha bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika donoM hai / 3. bauddha darzana ke vijJAnavAda sampradAya ke anusAra sat AdhyA tmika, advaya evaM parivartanazIla hai| 4. bauddha darzana ke mAdhyamika (zUnyavAda) sampradAya ke anusAra paramArtha na pariNAmI hai aura na apariNAmI vaha eka bhI nahIM haiM aura aneka bhI nahIM hai / use ni:svabhAva kahA gayA hai / jaina darzana meM sat ko paryAyadRSTi se parivartanazIla, dravyadRSTi se dhrauvya lakSaNa yukta, bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika donoM prakAra kA tathA aneka mAnA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana sat ko bhautika-prakRti evaM AdhyAtmika (puruSa) donoM prakAra kA mAnate haiM / sAtha hI vaha prakRti ke sambandha meM pariNAmavAda ko aura puruSa ke sambandha meM apariNAmavAda ko svIkAra karatA hai| 1. vahI, pR0 184.

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OM dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM sat kI anekatA para bala diyA gayA hai, yadyapi yaha anekatA meM anusyUta ekatA ko svIkAra karatA hai / usameM sat AdhyAtmika evaM bhautika donoM prakAra kA hai / zaMkara vedAnta ke anusAra sat yA paramArtha-brahma-AdhyAtmika, advaya, avikArya hai, tathA jIva aura jagat kI sattAe~ mAtra vivartta haiN| viziSTAdvaitavAda (rAmAnuja) ke anusAra sat eka aisI sattA hai jisameM bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika donoM sattAe~ samAviSTa haiM / ve paramasattA ke pariNAmIpana ko svIkAra karate haiM / uparokta carcA se yaha phalita hotA hai ki bhAratIya darzana meM sat ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM vibhinna dRSTikoNa pracalita haiN| inhIM vibhinna dRSTikoNoM kA mUla AdhAra nityavAda, anityavAda aura nityAnityavAda hai / inhIM vicAradhArAoM se bhAratIya darzana kA kramika vikAsa huA hai evaM pa~cavIM zatI taka kaI dArzanika vicAradhArAe~ apane vikAsa ke mArga para Age bar3ha rahI thiiN| ina vicAradhArAoM kA saMkalana karake unake dRSTikoNoM kA vivecana nayacakra meM kiyA gayA hai / nayacakra meM vibhinna dRSTikoNoM kA 12 vibhAgoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / inameM niyati Adi aisI dArzanika vicAradhArAe~ haiM jo Aja vilupta ho gaI haiM / sat nitya hai yA anitya ?, eka hai yA aneka hai ? kAraNarUpa hai yA kAryarUpa hai ? vyApti hai yA avyApti ? aise prazna hI isa dvAdaza vibhAga ke mUla kAraNa haiM / ina bAraha vibhAgoM ko vidhi aura niyama evaM ubhaya bheda se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / vidhi sat ke bhAvAtmaka yA nitya svarUpa kA pratinidhitva karatA hai aura niyama sat ke niSedhAtmaka yA anitya pakSa kA pratinidhitva karatA hai aura ubhaya bhAvAbhAvAtmaka yA nityAnityAtmaka pakSa kA pratinidhitva karatA hai / isa trividha bheda se bAraha bheda kiye gaye haiM / 1. tadyathA-vidhi-vidhi(vidhi-vidhyubhaya-vidhi niyama-ubhaya-ubhayavidhi-ubhayo bhaya ubhayaniyama-niyama-niyama-vidhi-niyamobhaya-niyamaniyamAH) eka prabandhenAnyonyopekSavRttayaH satyArthAH etadbhaGga niyatasyAdvAdalakSaNaH zabdaH syAnnityaH syAnnityAnityaH syAda nityaH,

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sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA 99 vidhi-isa pakSa ke anusAra sat laukika hai / yaha bheda laukika mArga kA pratinidhitva karatA hai, jisake anusAra logoM ke dvArA grAhya vastu hI sat hai / zAstroM dvArA pratipAdita sat pratyakSAdi pramANa se siddha nahIM hotA, itanA hI nahIM pratyeka darzana meM apane-apane matoM kA pratipAdana aura anya darzana ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / ataH sat na nitya hai na anitya hai na to nityAnitya hai / sat kevala lokagrAhya vastu svarUpa hI hai| isa vibhAga meM cArvAka darzana kA samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai / / vidhividhi-isa ara meM vyavahAra kI siddhi ke lie kisI eka vidhi yAne eka bhAvAtmaka sat ko mAnA gayA hai / isa ara meM puruSa, kAla", svabhAva, niyati Adi eka tattva ko hI sat mAnA hai aura vizva isa sat kA vivartta hai| vidhi-ubhaya-isa ara meM sat ke dvaitavAda kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai | vidhyAtmaka sat ke dvaitavAda kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai / vidhyAtmaka sat nitya aura anityAtmaka hai, vaha na to kevala vidhyAdi dvAdaza vikalpa niyatAkRtaka-kRtakAkRtaka kRtakatvAnekAntavikalpAtmakatvAt, ghaTavat / dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 877. 1. yathAloka grAyameya vastu / dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 11. 2. itthaM kalpitAkalpita-tathAbhUtapratyayAnupapatterajJAnanuviddhameva sarvajJAnam / paricchedArthazca pramANavyApAraH / vahI0, pR0 113. 3. vahI0 pR0 11. 4. tadyathA-puruSo hi jJAtA jJAnamayatvAt / tanmayaM cedaM sarvaM tadekatvAt sarvaikatvAcca bhavatIti bhAvaH / vahI, pR0 175, puruSa evedaM sarvaM yad bhUtaM yacca bhAvyam / utAmRtatvasyezAno yannenAtirohati // vahI, pR0 189. 5. kAla eva hi bhUtAni kAlaH saMhArasambhavau / svapannapi sa jAgarti kAlo hi duratikramaH // vahI, pR0 219. 6. taiH sarvaiH svabhAva eva bhavati iti bhAvyate / vahI0 pR0 219 7. tanniyamakAriNA kAraNenAvazyaM bhavitavyaM teSAM tathAbhAvAnyathAbhAvAbhAvAditi niyatirevaikAkartI / vahI0 . 194.

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100 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana nitya hai yA na kevala anitya hai / vaha nityAnityAtmaka hai| yaha ara prakRti aura puruSa svarUpa dvaitavAda kA sthApana karatA hai / sAMkhya darzana isI ara meM samAviSTa hotA hai / 4. vidhi niyama-prastuta ara meM sat ko dravyAtmaka mAnA gayA hai / vidhi kA niyamana hI sat hai / karma ko hI sat mAnA gayA hai / karma ke kAraNa hI jIva pravRtti karatA hai| tadanurUpa phala bhogatA hai| isa prakAra karmavAdiyoM ke mata kA sthApana karake karma ko hI sat svarUpa mAnA gayA hai / isa ara kA mukhya lakSya karma svarUpa dravya ko sat mAnanA hai / 5. ubhaya-isa ara meM sat ko ubhayAtmaka mAnA gayA hai / sat ko dravyAtmaka evaM bhAvAtmaka mAnA hai / 6. vidhiniyama vidhi-isa ara meM sat vidhiniyamAtmaka hote hue bhI, dravya-kriyAtmaka hote hue bhI bhinna hai / usakA alaga astitva hai / abheda pradhAna sat meM bheda mAnA hai / / ubhaya-ubhaya-isa ara meM sat ko anyAyonya svarUpa mAnA hai / 8. ubhayaniyama-isa ara meM sat ko zabdAtmaka hI mAnA hai / vastu nAmamaya hai, tadatirikta usakA kucha bhI svarUpa nahIM hai| 9. niyama-isa ara meM sat ko avaktavya svarUpa mAnA hai / vastu na >> 1. ajAmekAM lohitazukla kRSNAM bahavIH prajAH sRjamAnAM sarUpAH / ajohyeko juSamANo'nuzeSe jahAtyenAM bhuktabhogAmajo'nyaH / / . (zvetAzvaH 4/5) dvAdazAraM nayacakra0 pR0 266 2. vahI, pR0 347-375. 3. padArtho dravyakriye / dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 415. 4. dravyaguNayordravyatvaguNatvasambandha sadbhAvAt svabhAva sadbhAvAccetyevamAdi sAdharmayavaidhAbhyAM SaTsu padArtheSu vizeSA eva vaizeSikaM vizeSa prayojanaM vA vaizeSikamiti vidhiniyamayo vidhirupapadyate / dvAdazAraM nayacakram TIkA0 pR0 446. 5. dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 536-542.

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101 to sAmAnya hai, na vizeSa, na ubhayAtmaka ataH avaktavya svarUpa hI sat kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA 10. niyamavidhi - isa ara meM sat ko dravyAtmaka na mAnakara guNAtmaka mAnA gayA hai / sat dravya nahIM hai kyoMki guNa se bhinna dravya nAma kA koI padArtha nahIM hai / ataH guNa hI parama tattva yA sat hai / 2 11. niyamobhayama- isa ara meM sat ko utpAda - vinAzI mAnA hai aura kahA hai ki sat kSaNika hai / yaha bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kA pratinidhitva karatA hai / 12. niyamaniyama - sat ko zUnyAtmaka mAnA hai aura nAgArjuna kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA hai / 4 isa prakAra bAraha prakAra se sat ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai / uparyukta dvAdaza vibhAgoM meM kevala paramata mAnya arthAt jainadarzana se bhinna darzana saMmata sat kI carcA kI gaI hai / sat ke vibhinna matoM kA samanvaya karake sat ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karane kA prayAsa nayacakra ke antima prakaraNa nayacakra - tumba meM kiyA gayA hai| anta meM kahA gayA hai ki sabhI dRSTikoNoM kA samanvaya hI jainadarzana hai / sabhI nitya, nityAnitya evaM anitya darzanoM kA samanvaya arthAt anekAntAtmaka dRSTi hI jainadarzana hai aisA kahakara garbhita rUpa se sat kI anekAntAtmakatA kA kathana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra jainadarzana 9. vahI, pR0 556-557. 2. yadi vastu tathA vidyamAnatvAt sAmAnyAdayaH samudayAzcatyAjyA: vizeSA eva parigrAhyAH / dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 791. 3. atra ca pratikSaNAtikrAmitvAda vastuno buddhistho yorthaH sa zabdArthaH / dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 803. 4. ayaM niyamasyApi kSaNikavAdasya niyamaH tadApi vastu vijJAnameva / dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR0 854. 5. eSAmazeSazAsana - nayArANAM bhagavadarhadvacanamupanibandhanam / vahI, pR0 876. 6. vahI, pR0 877-883.

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102 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana meM sat kevala nitya yA kevala anitya svarUpa nahIM hai kintu nitya evaM anitya ubhayAtmaka hai / jainadarzana meM anya granthoM meM sat ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM jo carcA prApta hotI hai vaha isa prakAra haijainadarzana meM sat kA svarUpa jo utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya yukta hai, vaha sat hai / cetana yA acetana dravya kA sva jAti ko na chor3ate hue jo paryAyAntara kI prApti hotI hai vaha utpAda hai| jaise mRtpiNDa meM ghaTa paryAya / pUrvaparyAya ke vinAza ko vyaya kahate haiM / jaise ghaDe kI utpatti hone para piNDAkAra kA nAza hotA hai / anAdi pAriNAmika svabhAva se vyaya aura utpAda nahIM hote kintu dravya sthita rahatA hai, dhruva banA rahatA hai use dhrauvya kahate haiM / jaise ki piNDa aura ghaTa donoM avasthAoM meM mRdUpatA kA avyava hai / 2 utpAdAdi yukta hone se sat kA svarUpa kevala kUTastha nitya yA kevala niranvayavinAzI arthAt sat kevala nitya yA kevala kSaNika nahIM ho sakatA / tathA anya darzanakAroM meM padArtha kA kucha aMza nitya aura kucha aMza anitya mAnA gayA hai usI taraha jainadarzana meM sat kA amuka bhAga kUTasthanitya aura amuka bhAga pariNAmInitya athavA koI bhAga nitya aura koI bhAga mAtra anitya ho sakatA hai / hama kaha sakate haiM ki jar3a yA cetana, mUrta yA amUrta, sUkSma yA sthUla sabhI sat padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa se trirUpa haiM / ye tInoM rUpa pratyeka vastu meM eka sAtha hI vidyamAna rahate haiM / isa trirUpAtmakatA ko hI jainadarzana meM sat mAnA gayA hai / kahA bhI gayA hai ki jo vastu utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ko dhAraNa nahIM karatI vaha vastu nahIM ho sakatI, arthAt jisameM tInoM rUpa vidyamAna nahIM haiM, vaha vastu nahIM avastu hI hai / jaise kharagoza kA zIMga, jo utpAda, vinAza aura dhrauvya rahita hai / 1. utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / tattvArthasUtra, 5 /29. 2. utpAdo vastuno bhAvo, nAzastasya vyayo mataH / dhrauvyamanvitarUpatvamekaM nAnyo'nyavarjitam // - utpAdAdisiddhiH, 4 3. yadutpAdavyayadhrauvyayogitAM na bitti vai / tAdRzaM zazazRMgAdirUpameva paraM yadi // vahI0, 6.

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sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA 103 jainadarzanAnusAra pratyeka vastu meM do pakSa hote haiN| eka pakSa to tInoM kAla meM zAzvata rahatA hai aura dUsarA pakSa sadA parivartita hotA rahatA hai / zAzvata pakSa ke kAraNa pratyeka vastu dhrauvyAtmaka yA sthira. rahatI hai aura azAzvata pakSa ke kAraNa utpAda-vyayAtmaka kahalAtI hai arthAt asthira kahalAtI hai / ina do pakSoM meM se kisI eka kI ora dRSTi jAne aura dUsare pakSa kI ora dRSTi na jAne se vastu kevala sthirarUpa yA kevala asthirarUpa pratIta hotI hai| paranta donoM pakSoM para dRSTi DAlane se hI vastu kA pUrNa aura yathArtha svarUpa jJAta ho sakatA hai| utpAdAdi ke spaSTa bodha ke lie hama vyavahAra prasiddha dRSTAnta kA AdhAra le sakate haiM ki eka sone kA mukuTa hai / usa sone ke mukuTa ko tor3akara usase hAra banAyA jAya taba makuTa kI mukuTa avasthA naSTa hotI hai aura usakI jagaha para hAra rUpa avasthA utpanna hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM pUrva avasthA naSTa hotI hai aura uttara avasthA utpanna hotI hai, tathApi donoM avasthAoM meM svarNa apane svarUpa meM sthira rahatA hai / suvarNa meM parivartana nahIM AtA arthAt suvarNa apane mUla svarUpa kA parityAga kie binA hI anya-anya AkArAdi meM pariNata hotA hai / taba eka AkAra kA nAza hotA hai aura dUsare AkAra kI utpatti hotI hai, isa prakAra eka hI padArtha meM utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvyatva siddha hotA hai / isa AdhAra para spaSTa hotA hai ki jainadarzana meM sat ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM apanI viziSTa avadhAraNA hai / eka hI padArtha meM nitya aura anitya dharma rahate haiM / ina virodhI dharmoM kA eka hI vastu meM rahane se usameM koI virodha nahIM AtA / isa bAta ko samajhAne ke lie tattvArthasUtrakAra ne nitya kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki apane bhAva-jAti se cyuta na honA hI nitya hai| prastuta sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue paM0 sukhalAlajI ne kahA hai ki kisI 1. ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI, nAzotpattisthitiSvalam / ___zokapramodamAdhyasthyaM, jano yAti sahetukam // 2. tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam // tattvArthasUtra, 5 / 30. -zAstravArtA-samuccaya, sta0 7, 2.

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104 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana bhI prakAra se parivartana ko prApta kie binA hI vastu sadA eka rUpa meM avasthita rahatI hai aisA mAnA jAe taba kUTastha nityatva meM anityatva sambhava na hone se vastu meM sthiratva aura asthiratva kA virodha AtA hai / isI prakAra agara jainadarzana vastumAtra ko kSaNika arthAt pratikSaNa utpanna tathA naSTa honevAlI mAnakara usakA koI sthAyI AdhAra na mAnatA ho to bhI utpAdavyayazIla, anitya pariNAma meM nityatva sambhava na hone se ukta virodha AtA hai| parantu jainadarzana kisI vastu ko kevala kUTastha nitya yA pariNAmI mAtra na mAnakara pariNAmI nitya mAnatA hai / isIlie sabhI tattva apanI-apanI jAti meM sthira rahate hue bhI nimitta ke anusAra parivartana arthAt utpAda aura vyaya ko prApta karate haiM / ataeva pratyeka vastu meM mUla jAti arthAt dravya kI apekSA se dhrauvya aura pariNAma kI apekSA se utpAda-vyaya se ghaTita hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai / jainadarzana kA pariNAmI nityavAda sAMkhyadarzana kI taraha kevala prakRti taka hI sImita nahIM hai kintu cena tattva para bhI ghaTita hai / jainadarzanAnusAra sabhI tattva utpAdavyaya-dhrauvya yukta haiM usako siddha karane ke lie anubhava pramANa hI mukhya sAdhaka pramANa hai / sUkSma dRSTi se dekhane para koI aisA tattva anubhava meM nahIM AtA jo kevala apariNAmI ho yA mAtra pariNAma rUpa ho / ataH bAhyadRSTi aura AntaradRSTi se sabhI vastu pariNAmI nitya hI pratIta hotI haiM / yadi sabhI vastue~ mAtra kSaNika hoM to pratyeka kSaNa meM naI-naI vastu utpanna tathA naSTa hone tathA usakA koI sthAyI AdhAra na hone se usa kSaNika pariNAma paramparA meM sajAtIyatA kA kabhI anubhava nahIM hogA arthAt pahale dekhI huI vastu ko phira se dekhane para jo yaha vahI hai aisA pratyabhijJAna hotA hai vaha na hogA, kyoMki jaise pratyabhijJAna ke lie usakI viSayabhUta vastu kA sthiratva Avazyaka hai vaise hI draSTA AtmA kA sthiratva bhI Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra yadi jar3a yA cetana tattva mAtra nirvikAra hoM to ina donoM tattvoM ke mizraNarUpa jagat meM pratikSaNa dikhAI denevAlI vividhatA kabhI utpanna na hogii| ataH pariNAmI nityavAda ko jainadarzana yuktisaMgata mAnatA hai / 1. tattvArthasUtra, paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, vivecana bhAga, pR0 135. 2. utpAdAdisiddhi, pR0 97-106.

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105 isase yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki samasta dravya apanI-apanI jAti meM sthira rahate hue bhI, nimittAnusAra unameM utpAda evaM vyaya svarUpa parivartana hote rahate haiM / isake AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai ki pratyeka padArtha mUla jAti kI apekSA se dhrauvya aura pariNAma kI apekSA se utpAda aura vyayAtmaka hai arthAt eka hI padArtha meM sthiti - utpAda aura vyaya tInoM paraspara virodhI dharma rahate haiM phira bhI usameM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI / 3 sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA isa carcA ke AdhAra para kaha sakate haiM ki bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA meM sat ke svarUpa ko vibhinna dArzanikoM ne bhinna-bhinna rUpa se vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai una saba darzanoM se jainadarzana ke sat kA svarUpa bhinna hI hai / jaise brahmavAdi vedAnta dArzanikoM ne kevala brahma ko dhruva yAni nitya mAnA hai / kSaNikavAdi bauddhoM ne sat ko niranvaya kSaNika yAne utpAda vinAzazIla hI mAnA hai| sAMkhyoM ne sat ko do rUpoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai- puruSa aura prakRti / puruSa ko kevala dhruva yAne kUTastha nitya aura prakRtirUpa sat ko pariNAmI nitya isa taraha sat ko nityAnitya svarUpa mAnA hai / " nyAya - vaizeSikoM ne aneka sat meM se paramANu, kAla, AtmA Adi ko kUTastha nitya aura ghaTapaTAdi ko utpAda - vyayazIla mAnA hai| ina saba darzanoM se jainadarzana ne alaga haTakara sat kI vyAkhyA apane DhaMga se nae svarUpa meM prastuta kI hai / vastu utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka haiM aura yaha svarUpa trikAlA - bAdhita hai| 1. svajAtitvAparityAgapUrvaka pariNAmAntaraprAptirUpatvamutpAdasya lakSaNam / arhatdarzana dIpikA, pR0 194, svajAtitvAparityAgapUrvaka pUrvapariNAmavigamarUpatvaM, vyayasya lakSaNam / vahI0, pR0 195. 2. svajAtisvarUpeNa vyayotpAdAbhAvarUpatvam, svajAtitvarUpeNAnugatarUpatvaM vA dhauvyasya lakSaNam / vahI0, 196. 3. utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvyayuktatvaM padArthasya lakSaNam / vahI0, 4. ArhatadarzanadIpikA, pR0 13. 5. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pR0 152 - 153. 6. vahI, pR0 406-411. 7. tattvArthasUtra, 5 / 29. 193.

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106 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana yahA~ eka bAta mahattvapUrNa hai jo yAda rakhane jaisI hai ki jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki asat se kabhI bhI sat kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai / arthAt jo koI kAla meM koI sthala meM astitva hI na rakhatA ho aisI vastu asat hone ke kAraNa kabhI bhI sat rUpa nahIM ho sakatI hai / yathA baMdhyA-putra jo asat rUpa hai vaha kabhI bhI sat nahIM ho sakatA tathA utpattyAdi dharma bhI vastu ke apane dharma haiM / vastu ke sAtha sadA rahanevAle haiM, vastu se sarvathA bhinna nahIM haiN| anyathA sarvathA bhinna mAnane para vastu ke kucha dharma kucha samaya meM asat hoMge aura bAda meM sat rUpa meM pAe jAyeMge taba asat kAryavAda kI utpatti AyegI / ataH yaha mAnA gayA hai ki vastu meM utpAdAdi dharma sadA vidyamAna hI haiM / jainadarzana meM padArtha kA apanA svarUpa kabhI bhI naSTa nahIM hotA hai aura usameM sarvathA nayApana bhI nahIM AtA hai arthAt mUladravya kI apekSA se kisI bhI padArtha kA sarvathA utpAda yA nAza nahIM hotA hai / mUla dravya kA nAza nahIM hotA hai aura jo parivartana yA utpAda aura vinAza hotA hai vaha kevala AkAra vizeSa meM hI hotA hai / ataH hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki kisI padArtha ke AkAra vizeSa kA nAza hone se padArtha kA sarvathA nAza ho gayA kyoMki vyavahAra naya meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki pUrva AkAra vizeSa kA nAza hone se aura kisI anya AkAra vizeSa kI utpatti hone se vastu kA anityanitya nAza nahIM mAnA jAtA / ataH yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki koI bhI padArtha sarvathA navIna rUpa meM utpanna hotA nahIM hai aura sarvathA naSTa bhI nahIM hotA kevala AkArAdi meM parivartana hotA hai / mUla dravya to tInoM kAla meM . apane svarUpa meM sthira rahatA hai| jainadarzana meM utpAda aura vyaya ko, paryAya aura dhrauvya ko dravya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / isI kAraNa padArtha ko dravya-paryAyAtmaka mAnA gayA hai / 1. nAsataH sarvathA bhAvo, na nAzaH sarvathA sataH / nAnvayopi vinaitAbhyAM, pramANe pratibhAsate / utpAdAdisiddhi, 6 yadasat tanna kenApi, kriyate viyadabjavat / upAdAnaM na ceha syAt, sarvaM sarvatra vA bhavet // vahI, 8.

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sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA 107 yahA~ hameM yAda rakhanA cAhie ki dravya sadA nitya ko pakSa banAtA hai aura paryAya sadA anitya arthAt utpAda aura vyaya ko pakSa banAtA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki dravya rUpa meM padArtha kI nityatA aura paryAya yAni kI AkAra rUpa meM padArtha kI anityatA siddha hotI hai / hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki dravya yAne dhrauvya aMza dharmI hai aura paryAya arthAt utpAda - vyaya vaha padArtha ke dharma haiM / dharma aura dharmI donoM kisI apekSA se bhinna haiM aura kisI apekSA se abhinna bhI haiM / yadi donoM meM sarvathA bheda yA sarvathA abheda mAnA jAe taba una donoM ke bIca dharma-dharmI bhAva hI nahIM bana pAyegA / dharma aura dharmI ko sarvathA bhinna mAnA jAe taba koI eka dharma kA koI eka nizcita dharmI hai yaha saMbhavita nahIM hogA jaise AtmA aura jJAna ko ghaTa aura paTa kI taraha sarvathA bhinna mAnane para AtmA kA dharma jJAna hai aisA nahIM kaha sakeMge arthAt jagat kA vyavahAra aura vyavasthA hai ki yaha usakA dharmI hai yaha dharma hai usakA uccheda ho jAyegA / dharma aura dharmI ko sarvathA abhinna bhI nahIM mAna sakate kyoMki jo sarvathA abhinna hai usameM kisI eka kA nAza hone para dUsare kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| usI taraha yahA~ dharma kA nAza hone se dharmI kA bhI nAza ho jAyegA arthAt dharma aura dharmI sarvathA bhinna bhI nahIM hai aura sarvathA abhinna bhI nahIM haiM / utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya kA paraspara sambandha utpAda - vyaya aura dhrauvya yaha tInoM paraspara bhinna haiM yA abhinna ? yaha - prazna yahA~ vicAraNIya hai / yadi yaha kahA jAe ki ye tInoM paraspara sarvathA bhinna haiM taba eka hI padArtha meM tInoM dharmoM kI upapatti - siddhi azakya hai aura isI Apatti ke kAraNa yaha mAnA jAe ki ye tInoM paraspara abhinna haiM tabhI doSa kA Agama hogA ki tInoM abhinna hone se tIna prakAra kI saMjJA karanA hI 1. paramANu poggale NaM bhaMte kiM sAsae asAsae ? goyamA, siya sAsae sie asAsae / se NaNaM ? "goyamA, davvaTTayAe sAsae vannayajjavehiM jAva phAsapajjavehiM asAsae / " bhagavatI - 668 2. nanUtpAdAdayo dharmA, bhinnAH syudharmiNo yadA / nIrUpatvaM tadA tasya vAcyaM vA lakSaNAntaram // abhede yuktatA na syAt, asyAbheda vyapekSaNAt / sambandha zabdo nAyaM yad, na dvayena vinA sa tu // utpAdAdisiddhi, 25, 26.

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108 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana nirarthaka hai| ata: ina ApattiyoM kA parihAra karane ke lie jaina dArzanikoM ne utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya ko kathaJcit bhinna aura kathaJcit abhinna mAnA hai / jaise eka hI ghar3e meM rahanevAle utpAdavyaya aura dhrauvya paraspara pRthak haiM kyoMki tInoM kA apanA-apanA svarUpa hai jo ekadUsare se bhinna hai / utpAda kA artha hai astitva dhAraNa karanA, vyaya kA artha hai astitva kA tyAga aura dhrauvya kA artha hai sadA sthira rahanA / isa prakAra svarUpabheda hone ke kAraNa paraspara bhinna haiM tathApi ye tInoM eka-dUsare ke binA raha nahIM sakate arthAt eka ke binA dUsare do kA astitva sambhavita nahIM hai / ata: tInoM eka-dUsare se apekSA rakhate haiM / apekSA rakhane ke kAraNa sApekSa haiM aura sApekSa hone ke kAraNa tInoM eka hI padArtha meM saMbhavita haiN| isa prakAra sat ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM bhAratIya dArzanika ekamatya nahIM haiM / vibhinna dArzanikoM ne vividha rUpa meM sat kA vivecana kiyA haiM / dvAdazAranayacakra meM tatkAlIna sabhI vicAradhArAoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai / AcArya mallavAdi ne prastuta grantha meM sat ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM vibhinna dArzanikoM ke matoM kI sthApanA evaM AlocanA kI hai| AcArya mallavAdi ne grantha ke maMgalazloka meM hI jaina siddhAnta ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jainadarzana dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ubhaya nayavAdI hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jainadarzana anekAntavAdI hai / ataH sat kA svarUpa bhI anekAntAtmaka hI mAnA gayA hai / isI bAta ko nayacakra ke TIkAkAra siMhasenasUri ne bhI spaSTa kiyA hai / TIkAkAra kA kahanA hai ki yaha anekAntAtmaka sat jainadarzana kI virAsata hai itanA hI nahIM anya darzanakAroM ko bhI lokavyavahAra kA anusaraNa karane ke lie kisI na kisI rUpa meM anekAntavAda kA Azraya lenA hI par3atA hai / anyathA aneka ApattiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai / 3 1. vyApyekasthamanantamantavadapi nyastaM dhiyA pATave, vyAmohe na, jagatpratAna visRti vyatyAsadhIrAspadam / vAcAM bhAgamatItya vAgviniyataM gamyaM na gamyaM kvacijjainaM zAsanamUrjitaM jayati tad dravyArtha-paryApataH / / ___dvAdazAraM nayacakram , pR0 1. anantadharmAtmakameva tatvamato'nyathA sattvamasUpapAdam / syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR0 267. 3. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM TIkA, pR0 83-86.

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109 sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA dvAdazAra-nayacakra ke prathama zloka kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya siMhasenasUri ne kahA hai ki bauddhoM ne sat ko kSaNika mAnA hai kintu kSaNika mAnane para smRti, pratyabhijJA, bandha, mokSAdi kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / prastuta doSoM ke parihAra karane ke lie unhoMne santAna nAmaka eka anya tattva bhI mAnA / ' sAMkhyadarzana meM prakRti ko nitya mAnA hai aura usameM pariNAma yA parivartanazIlatA siddha karane ke lie usa avyaya tattva se vyakta tattvoM arthAt buddhi, alaMkAra, paJcamahAbhUta Adi kI sRSTi mAnI hai| vaizeSika-darzana meM guNa yA kriyAvAn hone ke sAtha samavAyIkAraNa vAle ko dravya mAnA hai / kintu dravya kA aisA svarUpa mAnane para bhI sRSTi-prakriyA ghaTa nahIM sakatI thI, ataH dravya ko sAmAnya aura vizeSa svarUpa mAnA aura sRSTi ko kAryarUpa evaM paramANu ko kAraNa rUpa mAnA / isa prakAra kArya ko anitya aura kAraNa ko nitya svIkAra karake sattA ke nitya aura anitya pakSa svIkAra kie / kyoMki inako na svIkAra karane para vibhinna doSoM kA parihAra karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| - anya darzana meM bhI padArtha sat ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue usameM utpAdAdi tInoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki dravya-padArtha zAzvata arthAt nitya hai / jabaki AkRti (jisako jainadarzana meM paryAya mAnA hai) anitya hai / jaise AkArayukta suvarNa kadAcit piNDasvarUpa banatA hai / isI piNDAkAra kA nAza karake mudrA banAI jAtI hai / mudrA kA nAsa karake valaya banAyA jAtA hai, valaya kA nAza kara svastika banAyA jAtA hai aura svastika kA nAza karake punaH piNDa banAyA jAtA hai / ataH yaha siddha hotA hai ki AkRti kA nAza yA utpAda hotA rahatA hai tathApi usameM rahA huA dravya to sthira hI rahatA hai| 1. yathA bauddhai sarvaM kSaNikaM iti pratijJAya smRtyabhijJAnabandha-mokSAdyabhAvadoSaparihArArthaM santAna kalpanA / vahI0 pR0 5. 2. pradhAnanityatAM pratijJAya pariNAmakalpanA vyaktAtmanA kApile / vahI, pR0 5. 3. kriyAvada guNavat samavAyikAraNam iti sAmAnyadravyalakSaNaM pratijJAya ekAntanityAnityavAde ca tadavyAptiparihArArtham adravyamanekadravyaM ca dvividhaM dravyam iti dravyatvaM ca sAmAnya-vizeSAkhyaM tatatvam iti dravya-paryAyanayadvayAzrayaNena padArtha praNayanaM kaannbhuje| vahI0 pR0 5. 4. Arhatdarzana dIpikA, pR0 533-538. 5. dravyaM nityamAkRtiranityA / suvarNaM kadAcidAkRtyA yuktaM piNDo bhavati, piNDAkRtimupamRdya

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana isI bAta ko pArthasAramizra ne zAstradIpikA meM isa prakAra kahA hai ki mRtrikA svarUpa kA kabhI bhI utpAda yA nAza nahIM hotA kintu usake rUpaAkAra Adi kA utpAda kA nAza hotA rahatA hai / kumArila bhaTTa ne bhI kahA hai ki utpAda evaM nAza svarUpa dharmoM se yukta padArtha meM anvayarUpa se jo upalabdha hotA hai vahI dharmI hai jaise kAle, lAla Adi raMgoM meM tathA piNDakapAla Adi AkAroM meM anusyUta mRtrikArUpa dravya hI dharma hai / 2 kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki piNDa ke nAza hone para ghaTa kI utpatti hotI hai aura kAle raMga kA nAza hone para lAla raMga kA udbhava hotA hai tathApi usameM mRtrikA dravya kA anubhava banA hI rahatA hai / isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki dravya ke svarUpa meM parivartana nahIM hotA kintu paryAyoM meM hI parivartana hotA rahatA hai / pataMjalikRta yogadarzana ke zrI vyAsadeva praNIta bhASya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki ___ tatra dharmasya dharmiNi vartamAnasyaivAdhyasvatItAnAgata vartamAneSu bhAvAnyathAtvaM bhavati, na dravyAnyathAtvaM, yathA suvarNabhAjanasya bhittvAnyathAkriyamANasya bhAvAnyathAtvaM bhavati, na suvarNAnyathAtvamiti / (vibhUtipAda) mudrAdi vibhinna AkAra dhAraNa karane para yA naSTa hone para bhI suvarNa . rUcakAH kriyante, rUcakAkRtimupamRdya kaTakAH kriyante, kaTakAkRti-mupamRdya svastikAH kriyante / punarAvRttaH suvarNapiNDaH / puranaparayA kRtyA yuktaH khaMdirAGgArasadRze kuNDale bhavataH / AkRtiranyA cAnyA ca bhavati, dravyaM punastadeva AkRtyupamardaina dravyamevAvazisyate / vyAkaraNamahAbhASya, pataMjali mahAbhASya, pazapazAhnika, pR0 52. ato na dravyasya kadAcidAgamo pAyovA, ghaTapaTagavAzvazuklaraktAvasthAnAme vAgamApAyau / uttAha ca. AvirbhAvatirobhAva-dharmakesvanuyAyi yat / tad dharmI tatra ca jJAnaM, prAg dharmagrahaNAda bhavet / / tathA ca-yAdRzamasyAbhirabhihitaM dravyaM tAdRzasyaiva hi sarvasya guNa eva bhidyate, na svarUpam / / ArhatamatadIpikA0 534. 2. vardhamAnakabhaGge ca, rUcakaH kriyate yadA / tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH, prItizcApyuttarArthinaH / / hemArthinastu mAdhyasthayaM, tasmAda vastu trayAtmakam / notpAda-sthiti bhaGgAnAmabhAve syAnnamatitrayam // na nAzena binA zoko, notpAdena vinA sukham / sthityA vinA na mAdhyasthyaM, tena sAmAnya nitytaa| -mImAMsA zlokavArttika, vanapAda, 21-23. 3. pAtaMjala yogadarzana bhASya, vibhUtipAda, sU0 13, pR0 238.

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sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA 111 apane svarUpa kA tyAga nahIM karatA / suvarNa, suvarNa ke rUpa meM sadA hI sthira rahatA hai / aisA na mAnane para suvarNa meM parivartana mAnanA par3egA taba suvarNa hI asuvarNa bana jAyegA / isa prakAra dravya kA dhrauvya aura guNa yA AkAroM kA utpAda evaM nAza anya darzanakAroM ne bhI mAnA hai / isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki padArtha-sat utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya yukta hai / isa bAta ko jainadarzanakAroM ne apanI-apanI zailI se spaSTa kiyA hai / isa trayAtmaka sat ko spaSTa karane ke lie AcArya haribhadra ne zAstravArtA - samuccaya meM eka dRSTAnta diyA hai ki suvarNa ke ghaTa kA nAza aura suvarNa ke mukuTa ko utpanna hote hue dekhakara ghaTa ke arthI ko duHkha hotA hai, mukuTa ke abhilASI ko Ananda hotA hai aura suvarNa ke icchuka ko na to harSa hotA hai aura na zoka hI hotA hai / isI se hama kaha sakate haiM ki eka hI padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta hai / kumArila bhaTTa ne bhI prastuta dRSTAnta kA Azraya lekara vastu kI. trayAtmakatA nirUpita kI hai / yahA~ yaha bhI dRSTavya hai ki niruktakAra zrI yAska ne kahA hai ki vArSyAyaNi AcArya ne padArtha ke chaha vikAra arthAt pariNAmoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai / 3 padArtha utpanna hote haiM, utpanna padArtha sthira rahatA hai, anya vikAra hone para bhI eka aisI sthiti hai jisameM padArtha kA nAza nahIM hotA hai, anya padArthoM ke saMyoga se vRddhi bhI hotI hai, anya padArthoM ke saMyoga se kucha hAni bhI hotI hai tathA anya bhAva ko prApta karate haiM arthAt nAza hote haiM / yahA~ chaha bheda kie gae haiM kintu mUlataH tIna hI rUpa haiM jo jainadarzana meM tripadI ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / apanei vA, vigameI vA, dhruvei vA / vastu trayAtmaka-utpAdavyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai / I 1. ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI, nAzotpatti sthitisvalam / zoka pramodamAdhyasthyaM, jano yAti sahetukam // tathA payovrato na dadhyatti, na payo tti dadhivrataH / agorasavrato nobhe, tasmAd vastu trayAtmakam0 zAstravArtA samuccaya 9 / 1 -1 2. mImAMsA zlokavArttika, vanavAda - 21-23. 3. SaD bhAvavikArA bhavantIti vASyayiNi:- (1) jAyate (2) asti, (3) pipariNamate, (4) vardhate, (5) apakSIpate, (6) vizyatIti / 4. Arhatdarzana dIpikA, pR0 537.

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SaSTha adhyAya dravya - guNa - paryAya kA sambandha dvAdazAra nayacakra meM vibhinna darzanoM meM sabhI vastu padArtha yA dravya kI jo avadhAraNAe~ haiM, unheM eka krama meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / sarvaprathama laukikavAda ke anusAra dravya kI paribhASA dI gayI hai / isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vastu vaisI hotI hai jisa rUpa meM jana-sAdhAraNa use grahaNa karatA hai / usake bAda meM advaitavAdI kI dRSTi meM sattA yA dravya kA svarUpa kyA hai ? usakI carcA kI gaI hai / ina advaitavAdI vicArakoM ne apane-apane mantavyoM ke anusAra sattA yA dravya ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai / kisI ne use puruSa kahA to kisI ne use kAla yA svabhAva Adi ke rUpa meM hI batAyA hai / 2 ye vicAraka sRSTi ke mUla kAraNa ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM hI sattA ko dekhane kA prayAsa karate haiM aura usI rUpa meM use vyAkhyAyita bhI karate haiM / ataH ina vicArakoM ke mantavyoM ke prasaMga meM A0 mallavAdI ne bhI dravya ke kisI viziSTa lakSaNa ke viSaya meM koI carcA nahIM kI hai / A0 mallavAdI usake pazcAt dvaitavAdI vicArakoM, vizeSarUpa se sAMkhyadarzana kI dRSTi meM sattA ke svarUpa kI carcA prastuta karate haiM / 3 sAMkhya dArzanika mUlabhUta sattA ko puruSa aura prakRti aise do vibhAga meM vibhAjita karate 9. yathAlokagrAhameva vastu / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 11 lokavadeva cArthaH / vahI, pR0 57 2. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM dvitIya ara, pR0 172 - 242 3. ajAmekA lohitazuklakRSNAM bahavIH prajAH sRjamAnAM sarUpAH / ajo hyeko juSamANo'nuzete jahAtyenAM bhuktabhogAmajo'nyaH || zvetAzva0 5-4 uddhRta, dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 266

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113 dravya-guNa-paryAya kA sambandha . haiM, aura sattA-prakRti ko pariNAmI nitya mAnate haiM, vahA~ puruSa ko kUTastha nitya arthAt avikArI batAte haiM / sattA ke sambandha meM ve dravya zabda kA prayoga nahIM karate haiM / ve jagat kI vyAkhyA ke lie vaha pradhAna arthAt prakRti kI hI pariNamanazIlatA kI carcA karate haiM / usakI dRSTi meM prakRti triguNAtmaka hai aura vahI satya hai / jagat meM jo kucha dRSTigocara hotA hai vaha prakRti kI hI abhivyakti hai / sAMkhyadarzana kI dRSTi meM puruSa aura prakRti ina donoM tattvoM meM prakRti hI sakriya tattva hai| puruSa niSkrIya hai / vaha sRSTi meM mAtra nimitta kAraNa hai, upAdAna nahIM / 1 agale krama meM mallavAdI ne eka aise dRSTikoNa ko prastuta kiyA hai jo vartamAna meM kisI bhAratIya darzana meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai, yaha dRSTikoNa vastutaH anekatA meM nihita ekatva para bala detA hai / ise sarva sarvAtmakatA-vAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / yaha advaitavAdiyoM kI dRSTi se isa artha meM bhinna hai ki yahA~ dvaita meM advaita kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, advaita meM eka se aneka kI abhivyakti mAnI jAtI hai, jabaki yahA~ anekoM meM eka hI sattA ko anusyUta mAnA jAtA hai / isake pazcAt nyAya, vaizeSika Adi darzanoM kA ullekha hai jo dravya, guNa, karma Adi ko eka-dUsare se vibhakta mAnate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM ye bheda pradhAna dRSTivAle haiN|3 A0 mallavAdI ne inake pazcAt una vicArakoM ke dRSTikoNa kA ullekha kiyA hai jo sattA yA dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM bheda yA abheda donoM ko hI svIkAra karatA hai| yaha dRSTikoNa vizeSarUpa se jainoM kA hai / " A0 mallavAdI ne isake Age apane cakra kI kalpanA ko sAkAra banAne 1. vahI, pR0 265-267 2. vahI, pR0 375 sarvamekamekaM ca sarvam / sarvaM sarvAtmakam / vahI, TIkA, pR0 11 3. dravyamapi bhAvasAdhanam |....pdaarthoN dravyakriye / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, 414-415 vidhizca niyamazca sarvatra dravyaMkriyA ceti vidhiniyamaM / dvandvaikavadbhAvAt / sa eSa nirdiSTaH pratyakSIkRtaste |....drvykriyaadvyaatmk-vstu bhajate... / vahI, TIkA0 pR0 414-415 4. evaM tyubhayasyaivobhayaprAdhAnyasyApi vidhiH / vahI, pR0 446 5. tathobhayavAdasiddhiH, ubhayoranyatarasya vA niSedhe pramANAbhAvAt / nanvevaM tathArtha sthiti satyatvAt sarvavAdanAnAnekAntavAdAzrayaNaMkRtam / tadatatsamarthavikalpatvAt / ekapuruSapitRputrAdivat / vahI, pR0 436

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114 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana hetu bheda aura abheda donoM kI svIkRti meM tArkika virodha dikhAkara zabdAdvaitavAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM sattA kI vyAkhyA kI hai / isake bAda ve sattA ke vAcyatva ke niSedha karane hetu bauddhoM ke apohavAda kA prastutIkaraNa karate haiM / 2 usake bAda sattA ke pariNAmazIla pakSa ko prastuta karate hue yaha batAte haiM ki satata parivartanazIlatA ke atirikta jagat meM koI svatantra sattA nahIM hai aura anta meM niHsvabhAva kA zUnyavAda ke rUpa meM vivecana karake ve sattA kI carcA ko parisamApta karate haiM / yadyapi ve isa dRSTikoNa ko bhI antima satya nahIM kahate, isake khaNDana ke lie vaha punaH laukikavAda kI yuktiyoM kA sahArA lete haiM / ve kahate haiM ki padArtha yA vastu ko kisI pramANa yA zAstra se jaba siddha hI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai taba hameM lokavAda kA anusaraNa karane para yaha mAna lenA cAhie ki padArtha yA vastu vaisI hai jaisA ki loka dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| prastuta prasaMga meM hama ina sabhI dhAraNAoM kI carcA na karake mAtra kucha pramukha matoM ko hI prastuta kareMge / sAtha hI unheM A0 mallavAdI ke krama se bhinna krama meM prastuta kareMge / isa carcA meM hama sarvaprathama ina vicArakoM ke mata kA ullekha kareMge jo sattA ko ni:svabhAva mAnate haiN| usake bAda kSaNikavAdI dRSTikoNa kI carcA kareMge / jo sattA ko mAtra parivartanazIla (paryAya rUpa) mAnate haiM-usake pazcAt una dvaitavAdiyoM kI carcA kareMge jo dravya, guNa aura 1. vahI, pR0 560-566 2. vahI, pR0 547 3. utpAdavinAzAveva hi vastunAM bhavanasya bIjam / anutpAdavinAzatvAdaparyAyatvAd nirmUlatvAnna syAt vastu vandhyA-putravat / api ca pratipakSavinirmuktamevAnityatvaM vastunaH / vahI, pR0 795 kSaNikAH sarvasaMskArA asthitAnAM kutaH kriyA / bhUtiryeSAM kriyA saiva kArakaM saiva cocyate // vahI. pR0 80 / / antekSayadarzanAdAdau kSayo'numIyate pradIpazikhAvat / vahI, pR0 802 4. niHsvabhAvamidaM sarvaM suptonmattAdivat / tadatadAkAraprakalpanAnupAtivijJAnatvAt, paramArtha tastattadAkArazUnyamidaM zUnyameveti kalpayituM nyAyaM zUnyagRhavat praveSTasthAtR nirgantR kalpotpAdAdirahitam / vahI, pR0 827

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dravya-guNa-paryAya kA sambandha 115 paryAya meM bheda hI mAnate haiM anta meM usa anekAntavAdI dRSTi kI carcA kareMge jo dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM abheda aura bheda donoM mAnate haiN| samAlocya grantha dvAdazAra nayacakra meM Ao mallavAdI ne vaizeSikasUtra ke anusAra dravya kI paribhASA kI hai / 1 vaizeSikasUtra meM dravya ke tIna lakSaNa kie gae haiM, jo kriyAvAn, guNavAna aura samavAyIkaraNa hai vahI dravya hai / 2 anya prasaMga meM dravya ko sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka bhI kahA gayA hai / anyatra dravya, guNa aura karma meM nihita artha yA padArtha ko sattA kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ sattA, aura dravya, guNa karma meM antaranihitatA aura dUsarI ora bheda svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kintu jahA~ sat ke bheda kA prazna hai vahA~ spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo vartamAna aura nitya hai tathA jisakA pralaya nahIM hotA hai vaha sat hai / anyatra yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki kriyA aura guNa kA jisameM abhAva hai vaha asat hai / 6 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jisameM guNa aura karma yA kriyA pAI jAtI hai vahI sat hai / isa prakAra vaizeSika darzana meM jo sat kI paribhASA dI gayI hai vaha sAdharaNatayA to jainadarzana ke dravya kI paribhASA ke nikaTa pAI jAtI hai / kintu usameM mUlabhUta antara yaha hai ki jahA~ jainadArzanika guNa aura karma yA paryAya kI sattA ko dravya se vibhakta nahIM mAnate haiM vahA~ vaizeSikadarzana dravya ko guNa aura paryAya se bhinna eka svatantra padArtha mAnatA hai| unake anusAra dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa Adi saba eka-dUsare se svatantra sattA rakhate haiM / . dvAdazAra nayacakra meM laukikavAda kA anusaraNa karate hue dravya yA vastu 1. tatra dravyamapi bhavanalakSaNaM yugapadyugapadbhedabhAvimRdbhavana paramArtharUpAdi zivakAdivRtti vyApi / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 15 2. kriyAvada-guNavat-samavAyikAraNamiti dravya lakSaNam / vahI, TIkA, pR0 15 3. arthaviSayaM sAmAnyam, arthaviSayazca vizeSaH / vahI, pR0 18 4. dravya-guNa-karmasu dravya-guNa-karmabhyo'rthAntaraM sA sattA / vahI, pR06 5. vartamAnaM nityaM na pralayabhAk sat vartate / vahI, pR0 34 6. kriyAguNavyapadezAbhAvAdasat / vahI, TIkA, pR0 35 7. guNaparyAyavat dravyam / tattvArthasUtra 5 / 37 .

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116 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana kI paribhASA isa rUpa meM dI gaI hai ki vastu ko jaisA jisa rUpa meM janasAdhAraNa grahaNa karatA hai vaise hI hai| isa dRSTi se bhI sat ko vartamAna, nitya evaM saMhAra yA vinAza se rahita kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra laukikavAda bhI padArtha yA dravya ke parivartanazIla evaM aparivartanazIla donoM pakSoM ko svIkAra karatA hai phira bhI vaha usake nitya pakSa ko hI sat ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karatA hai aura parivartanazIla pakSa para mauna dhAraNa kara letA hai / isI prakAra A0 mallavAdI ne vyAkaraNakAroM ke pakSa ko prastuta karate hue dvAdazAra nayacakra meM dravya ke bhavana lakSaNa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 2 ve kahate haiM ki dravya bhavana lakSaNa honevAle lakSaNa se yukta hai athavA jo bhavana yogya hotA hai vaha dravya hai| arthAt jo bhavya yAne parivartana ko prApta hotA hai vahI dravya hai / 3 anyatra jisameM vikAra aura avayava pAyA jAtA hai use bhI dravya kahA jAtA hai| yaha saba paribhASAe~ dravya ko parivartanazIla sattA ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karatI haiM / pAtaMjala mahAbhASya meM bhI dravya kI paribhASA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ guNoM kA saMdrAva hai vahIM dravya hai / 5 pAtaMjala kI yaha paribhASA dravya ko guNoM ke samUha ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karatI hai| isake pUrva meM isa tathya kA ullekha kiyA hai ki jainoM meM bhI dravya ko guNoM ke samUha ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai / 6 jahA~ taka jainadarzana ke anusAra dravya kA prazna hai A0 mallavAdI ne tattvArthasUtra ko AdhAra banAkara dravya ko guNa aura paryAya svarUpa mAnA hai / 1. yathAlokagrAhameva vastu / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 11 2.. dravyaM bhavanalakSaNaM / vahI, 15 3. dravyaM ca bhavye, bhavatIti bhavyaM bhavanayogyaM vA dravyaM, dravati, droSyati, dudrAveti, druH drovikAro'vayavo vA dravyaM / vahI, 15 4. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 15 5. guNasaMdrAvo dravyam / pAtajaMla mahAbhASya 5.1.113 uddhRta dvAdazAraM nayacakraM TIkA, pR0 15 6. vahI, pR0 17 7. guNaparyAyavat dravyaM / tattvArthasUtra 5.37, uddhRta vahI, pR0 17

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117 dravya-guNa-paryAya kA sambandha rUpa Adi ko guNa kahA gayA hai, aura usakI bhinna-bhinna avasthAe~ paryAya haiM / sAtha hI guNa yugapad hotA hai, paryAya ayugapad hai / dravya meM guNa eka sAtha hote haiM aura paryAya kramabhAvI hote haiM / arthAt paryAya utpanna hotI hai aura naSTa hotI rahatI hai / TIkAkAra ne naya kI vyAkhyA meM dravya kA lakSaNa karate hue use anekAnta aura ekAtmaka donoM hI mAnA hai| apane aneka sattAtmaka guNoM kI dRSTi se vaha anekAtmaka hai kintu eka samaya meM eka viziSTa paryAyavAlA hone ke kAraNa vaha ekAtmaka hai / usameM ekAtmaka aura anekAtmaka donoM hI anusyUta hai anyatra unhoMne sattA ke cha: lakSaNa die haiM jo haiM-astitvavAna hai, hotI hai, vidyamAna hai, naSTa hotI hai, parivartita hotI hai, sannipAta svarUpa hai vaha sattA hai / 2 mallavAdI ke TIkAkAra siMhasari ne dravya kA lakSaNa karate hue apanI TIkA meM sanmati tarka kI eka gAthA uddhRta kI hai usake anusAra na to paryAyoM se rahita dravya hotA hai aura na to dravya se rahita paryAya hotI hai ataH utpAda, sthita aura dhrauvya dravya ke lakSaNa haiM / __Age hama jainadarzana ke isa dRSTikoNa kI kiJcit vistAra se carcA kareMgedravya, guNa, paryAya tattvArthasUtra ke sarvArtha-siddhi mAnya pATha meM "sat dravya-lakSaNam' karake dravya aura sat meM abheda sthApita kiyA gayA hai / sAmAnya rUpa se jo astitvavAna hai vahI dravya hai aura apane isa astitva lakSaNa kI dRSTi se sat 1. dravyasyanekAtmakatve'nyatamAtmakaikAnta parigraho nayaH, svaprAdhAnyenArthanayanAnnayaH / vahI. 34 2. asti-bhavati-vidyati-padyati-vartatayaH sannipAtaSaSThAH sattArthAH / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 324 3. davvaM pajjavaviyutaM davvaSijuttA ya pajjavA Nalthi / utpAda-didati-bhaMgA haMdi daviya lakkhaNa eyaM // 1.12 // dvAdazAraM nayacakraM TIkA0 pR0 793 4. tattvArthasUtra 5.29

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118 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana aura dravya meM mAtra zabda-bheda hai, artha-bheda nahIM hai| sat ke svarUpa kI carcA hama pUrva adhyAya meM kara cuke haiM / usa adhyAya meM hamane isa sambandha meM vizada vivecana kiyA hai ki jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tIna dharmoM se yukta hotA hai / yadi hama dravya zabda kI vyutpatti ke AdhAra para usakA artha kareM to jo dravita hotA hai vahI dravya kahalAtA hai / 2 dUsare zabdoM meM parivartanoM ke madhya sthAyitva hI dravya kA lakSaNa hai / jaina AcAryoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra yadyapi parivartana aura sthAyitva paraspara virodhI lakSaNa haiM kintu vastu-svarUpa kI anekAtmakatA ke kAraNa ve eka hI sAtha pAye jAte haiM / saMsAra meM koI bhI vastu-tattva aisA nahI hai jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tIna lakSaNoM se rahita ho,4 utpAda aura vyaya vastu ke parivartanazIla pakSa ko prastuta karatA hai dUsare zabdoM meM vastu tattva yA padArtha ke do pakSa hote haiM / usameM eka pakSa aisA hotA hai jo bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna tInoM kAloM meM zAzvata rahatA hai| kintu dUsarA pakSa vaha hotA hai jo utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa hotA hai / 6 jaina-dArzanikoM ne vastu ke isa zAzvata pakSa ko guNa 1 . utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat // tattvArthasUtra 5.29 utpAda-dviti-bhaMgA haMdi daviyalakkhaNa evaM / sanmati prakaraNa 1.12 davvaM sallakkhaMNiyaM uppAdavvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNapajjAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNhU / / paMcAstikAya0 zlo0 10 2. dravyaM ca bhavye ityuktatvAd bhavatIti bhavyaM bhavanayogyaM vA dravyaM, dravati, droSyati, dudrAveti druH, dovikAro'vayavo vA dravyam, 'dudrugarto', sadaiva gatyAtmakatvAda, vipariNAmAtmakaM hi tat / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM TIkA pR0 15 3. anantadharmAtmakameva tattvam / syAdvAda-maMjarI, pR0 267 anantadharmakaM vastu pramANaviSayastviha / SaDdarzana-samuccaya pR0 312 4. davvaM pajjavaviyutaM davvavijuttA ya pajjavA Natthi / sanmati-prakaraNa 1.12 5. dhruve: sthairyakarmaNo dhruvatIti dhruvaH / 3 / anAdipAriNAmika svabhAvatvena vyayodayAbhAvAt dhruvati sthirIbhavati iti dhruvaH, dhruvasya bhAvaH karma vA dhrauvyam, yathA piNDaghaTAdyavasthAsu mRdAdyanvayAt / tattvArthavArtika0 pR0 495 6. svajAtyaparityAgena bhAvAntarAvAptirutpAdaH / 2 / ... . tathA pUrvabhAvavigamo vyayanaM vyayaH / 2 / vahI, pR0 494-495

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dravya-guNa-paryAya kA sambandha 119 samaSTi parivartanazIla pahA zAzvata lakSagayA aura parivartanazIla pakSa ko paryAya kA nAma diyA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to apane guNa kI dRSTi se vastu yA dravya dhrauvya yA sthira kahA jAtA hai kintu apane paryAyAtmaka parivartanazIla pakSa yA utpanna hokara vinaSTa honevAle pakSa kI dRSTi se vaha parivartanazIla kahalAtA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne padArtha ke svarUpa kA jo vivecana kiyA hai vaha inhIM do pakSoM para AdhArita hai / vastu kA vaha samaSTi rUpa jisameM dhrauvya aura utpAda-vyaya donoM hI pakSa athavA parivartanazIla aura aparivartanazIla pakSa eka sAtha upasthita haiM use dravya kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| punaH dravya ke hI zAzvata lakSaNa ko guNa kahA gayA hai aura usake parivartanazIla pakSa ko paryAya kahA gayA hai isa prakAra vastu kI tathyAtmaka vyAkhyA dravya, guNa, paryAya kI tripuTI ke mAdhyama se kI gayI hai / 3 jahA~ jainadArzanikoM ne sat kI vyAkhyA utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya tIna lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para kI hai vahA~ unhoMne dravya kI vyAkhyA guNa aura paryAya ke AdhAra para kI hai| sAmAnya rUpa meM to dravya vaha hai jo paryAyoM kI dRSTi se parivartita hokara bhI guNa kI dRSTi se vahI banA rahatA hai / jaina-darzana meM dravya kI jo bhI paribhASAe~ kI gaIM ve mukhyatayA guNa aura paryAya ko lakSya meM rakhakara kI gaI haiM / sAmAnya rUpa se jaina AcAryoM ne jo guNa aura paryAya kA Azraya hai use dravya kahA hai / jaina granthoM meM dravya ko aneka rUpoM meM paribhASita aura vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai / dravya kI jo vibhinna vyAkhyAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM, unheM pro0 sAgaramala jaina ne tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai 1. dravya ko guNa athavA guNa aura paryAya kA Azraya kahanevAlI paribhASA / 2. dravya ko guNa aura paryAya kA samUha mAnanevAlI paribhASA / 3. dravya ko guNa paryAyavat mAnanevAlI paribhASA / 1. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, pR0 87-88 2. utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / tattvArthasUtra0 5.29 3. guNaparyAyavadravyam / tattvArthasUtra0 5.37 4. guNaparyAyavadravyam / tattvArthasUtra 5.37 5. dravya-guNa-paryAya aura unakA sambandha, zramaNa0 akTUbara-disambara 92

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120 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana unake anusAra uttarAdhyayana jaise prAcInatama Agama meM dravya ko guNoM ke Azraya ke rUpa meM hI paribhASita kiyA gayA hai / usameM "gaNAnAmA-savo davvo" kahakara hI dravya ko paribhASita kiyA gayA hai / pro0 jaina ke anusAra yaha paribhASA nyAyadarzana se prabhAvita hai| kyoMki nyAya dArzanika bhI dravya ko guNa kA Azraya mAnate haiM / isa paribhASA meM dravya aura guNa meM Azraya-AzrayI bhAva parilakSita hotA hai aura isa prakAra donoM meM bhinnatA bhI parilakSita hotI hai / 2 / / isa paribhASA ke virodha meM jaina paramparA meM jo dUsarI paribhASA AI vaha "guNAnAM samUho dAvo" hai / jisameM dravya ko guNoM ke samUha ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA / isa paribhASA meM pro0 jaina ke anusAra bauddha darzana ke skandhavAda kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / yaha paribhASA dravya aura guNa kI abhinnatA ko sUcita karatI hai aura yaha batAtI hai ki guNa se bhinna dravya kI koI pRthak sattA nahIM hotI hai / yaha paribhASA mukhya rUpa se digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM upalabdha hotI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ prathama varga kI paribhASA dravya aura guNa meM bheda-dRSTi ko samakSa rakhakara banI vahA~ dUsarI paribhASA meM dravya aura guNa ke abheda pakSa para adhika bala diyA gayA / pro0 jaina ke anusAra bheda aura abheda donoM pakSoM para samAna rUpa se bala denevAlI tathA jainoM kI anekAntadRSTi kA anusaraNa karanevAlI jo dravya kI santulita aura samanvita paribhASA hameM milatI hai vaha umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kI hai| umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM guNa paryAyavat dravyam kahakara guNa ke sAtha-sAtha paryAya ko bhI dravya kI paribhASA meM sthAna diyA, isa prakAra se dravya ke parivartanazIla aura aparivartanazIla donoM pakSoM ko apanI paribhASA meM samanvita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki umAsvAti ne dravya ko guNa paryAyavAlA 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra0 28.6 . 2. kriyAguNavat samavAyikAraNamiti dravyalakSaNam / vaizeSikasUtra0 1.1.5 3. tattvArthasUtra0 5.37

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dravya-guNa-paryAya kA sambandha 121 kahakara unameM kathaJcit bhinnatA aura kathaJcit abhinnatA donoM kA hI kathana kara diyA hai / isa prakAra umAsvAti ne jainadarzana kI anekAntadRSTi ko lakSya meM rakhakara dravya kI eka samIcIna evaM saMtulita paribhASA prastuta kI hai| umAsvAti ke paravartI jaina AcAryoM ne bAda meM unhIM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / svayaM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne apane grantha dvAdazAraM nayacakraM meM umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra ke uparyukta sUtra ko uddhRta karake unhIM ke pakSa kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jainadarzana meM dravya kI paribhASA ko lekara eka kramika vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai / kintu anta meM umAsvAti ke dvArA prastuta dravya kI vikasita paribhASA hI unake paravartI sabhI jainadArzanika AcAryoM ke lie AdhArabhUta rahI hai / siddhasena divAkara2 aura mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne bhI isI paribhASA ko apanA AdhAra banAyA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne dravya kI jo uparyukta paribhASA dI hai usakI vizeSa mAnyatA yaha hai ki dravya, guNa aura paryAya anyonyAzrita haiM / 4 dravya se vibhakta guNa aura paryAya nahIM hai / tathA guNa aura paryAya se vibhakta dravya bhI nahIM hai / vastutaH jo dravya hai vaha guNa-paryAyAtmaka hai / aisA nahIM hai ki guNa aura dravya athavA guNa aura paryAya apanA pRthak-pRthak astitva rakhate haiM / hama unameM jJAnAtmaka-dRSTi se to bheda kara sakate haiM kintu sattAtmaka dRSTi se koI bheda nahIM hai| saMsAra meM koI bhI aisA dravya upalabdha nahI ho sakatA jisakA koI guNa yA paryAya nahIM ho / isI prakAra koI bhI guNa yA paryAya dravya se vibhakta hokara nahIM pAye jAte / yahI kAraNa hai ki dravya ke binA guNa aura paryAya kI, tathA guNa aura paryAya ke binA dravya kI vyAkhyA karanA sambhava nahIM hai / dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA vizleSaNa to alaga-alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu unheM eka-dUsare se alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 17 2. sanmati-prakaraNa 1.12 3. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 17 4. davvaM pajjavaniyutaM davvavijuttA ya pajjavA Natthi / utpAda-dviti-bhaMgA haMdi daviyalakkhaNa eyaM / / sanmati-prakaraNa 1.12

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122 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana hai / yadi hameM dravya ke svarUpa ko samajhanA hai to guNa aura paryAya ke svarUpa ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai / aura isI prakAra guNa aura paryAya ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie dravya kA svarUpa samajhanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki ina tInoM kI sattA sApekSa hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadArzanikoM ke anusAra guNa aura paryAya se nirapekSa dravya kI aura dravya se nirapekSa guNa aura paryAya kI koI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai /

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saptama adhyAya kriyAvAda-akriyAvAda bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA meM prAcIna kAla meM vibhinna darzanoM aura dharmoM ko nimna cAra vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA thA : (1) kriyAvAda (2) akriyAvAda (3) vinayavAda (4) ajJAnavAda' jaina Agama-sAhitya meM sUtrakRtAMga meM ina cAroM vargoM kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha milatA hai| isake pazcAt bhagavatIsUtra Adi Agama granthoM meM bhI ina cAroM hI darzana-paramparAoM kA ullekha kucha vistAra ke sAtha milatA hai / paravartI jaina sAhitya meM inake vividha bhedoM aura unake pratipAdaka AcAryoM ke 1. cauvihA samosaraNA paNNattA, taM jahA-kiriyAvAdI / akiriyAvAdI, aNNANivAdI, veNaiyavAdI / / bhaga0 3011, sthA0 4 / 4 / 345, sarvArthasi0 81 2. cattAri samosaraNANimANi, pAvAduyA jAiM puDho vayaMti / kiriyaM akiriyaM viNayaM ti taiyaM, aNNANamAhaMsu. cautthameva // sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 2 / 1 3. bhagavatIsUtra 30 / 1, sthA0 4 / 4 / 345, nandIsU0 46

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124 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana bhI ullekha milate haiM / vizeSarUpa se sarvaprathama AcArya siddhasena gaNi ne tattvArthasUtra bhASya kI TIkA meM ina vibhinna vargoM ke Antarika bhedoM evaM unake pratipAdaka AcAryoM kA varNana kiyA hai / digambara paramparA meM bhI dhavalA TIkA aura aMga prajJapti meM unhIM ke AdhAra para ina vargoM evaM unake AcAryoM kA varNana kiyA hai / jahA~ taka samAlocya grantha dvAdazAra - nayacakra kA prazna hai isa grantha meM AcArya mallavAdI ne ajJAnavAda aura kriyAvAda kA ullekha kiyA hai / 3 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kI TIkA meM siMhasena sUri ina cAroM vargoM kA ullekha karate hue likhate haiM ki jo sAta prasiddha naya haiM unake eka-eka ke sau-sau bheda karake sAta sau bhedoM kA ullekha ArSa-darzanoM meM milatA hai / unhIM ko saMkSepa meM kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda evaM vinayavAda aise cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ Agamika paramparA ina cAra vargoM kA ullekha karake inameM kriyAvAdiyoM ke 180 bheda, akriyAvAdiyoM ke 84, ajJAnavAdiyoM ke 67, tathA vinayavAdiyoM ke 32 prakAroM kA ullekha karake 1. tatra kriyAvAdino zItyuttarazatabhedAH marIci - kumAra - kapilo llaka- gArgya-vyAghrabhUtibAdvali - mAThara-maudgalyAyana prabhRtyAcArya pratIyamAna prakriyA bhedAH / akriyAvAdino pi caturazItivikalpAH kokula-kANTheviddhi-kauzika - harizmazrumAnyadhanika- romaka- hArita - muNDA - zvalAyanAdi svari prathitaprakriyAkalApAH / vainayikAstu dvAtriMzadvikalpAH vasiSTha - parAzara jAtUkarNa - vAlmIki romaharSaNi satyadattavyAselAputrau - - pamanya - candradattA -yasthUla prabhRtibhirAcAryaiH prakAzita vinaya sArAH / zAkalya- bASkala - kuthumi- sAtyamugri-rANAyana - kaH - madhyandinamoda - pippalAd- bAdarAyaNa-sviSTakRd-ni- kAtyAyana- jaiminI - vasuprabhRtayaH sUrayo sanmArgamenaM prathayanti / - tattvArthAdhigamasUtra- svopajJabhASya TIkAlaGkRtam, dvitIya bhAgaH pR0 123 2. aMga paNNatti, pR0 44-46 3. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM prathama dvitIya ara 4. nayAnAmekaikasya zatadhA bhedAt saptanayazatAni ArSe vyAkhyAyante teSAM punazcaturdhA saMkSepaH kriyA kriyA- kriyA- jJAna - vinayavAda samavasaraNa - vacanAt tatroktaH / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM TIkA, pR0 111-112 -

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125 kriyAvAda-akriyAvAda kula 363 bhedoM kA ullekha karate haiM / AcArya siMhasUri ne sAta sau nayoM kI paramparA kA ullekha karake unheM uparyukta cAra bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / yadyapi unhoMne isa tathya ko spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai ki kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda tathA vinayavAda ina cAroM meM pratyeka ke upabheda kitane-kitane hote haiM ? punaH hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki AcArya mallavAdI ne apanI yojanA meM inake krama meM bhI antara kiyA hai| ve sarvaprathama ajJAnavAda kI sthApanA karake phira kriyAvAda ke dvArA usakI samIkSA karavAte haiM aura bAda meM kriyAvada kI sthApanA karate haiN| kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda kI isa carcA ke prasaMga meM sarvaprathama hameM isa prazna para vicAra kara lenA hogA ki kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda ina zabdoM kA artha kyA hai ? AcArya mallavAdI ne unheM kisa artha meM prayukta kiyA hai ? sUtrakRtAMga, jisameM sarvaprathama ina cAroM vargoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 2 usakI TIkA meM zIlAMkAcArya (5vIM zatI) kriyAvAda ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki paraloka sAdhanA meM, AtmasAdhanA meM kriyA upayogI hai aisA mAnanevAle kriyAvAdI kahalAte haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to jo sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jJAna kI apekSA vividha kriyAoM ko yA sAdhanA kI vibhinna vidhiyoM ko hI pramukhatA dete haiM, ve kriyAvAdI haiM / aupaniSadika paramparA meM hama dekhate haiM ki prAcIna kAla meM jJAna-niSThA aura karmaniSThA aisI do paramparAe~ pracalita thiiN| jJAnavAdI paramparA yaha mAnakara calatI thI ki mokSa kI sAdhanA meM jJAna hI ekamAtra sAdhana hai / isake viparIta karmavAdI paramparA yA kriyAvAdI paramparA mokSa kI sAdhanA meM kriyA yA AcaraNa ko Avazyaka mAnatI thI / AcArya taa| 1. asiyasayaM kiriyANaM akiriyANaM ca hoi cula sItI / annANiya sattaTThI, veNaiyANaM ca battIsA / / sUtra0 ni0 gA0 119 sUagaDe NaM asIassa kiriyAvAisayassa caurAsIie akiriAvAINaM sattaTThIe aNNagiavAINaM battIsAe veNaiavAINaM tiNhaM tesaTThANaM pAsaMDiasayANaM // nandIsU0 46 2. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 12 / 1 3. kriyaiva paraloka sAdhanAyAlamityevaM vadituM yeSAM te kriyAvAdinaH / dIkSAtaH eva kriyArUpAyA mokSa ityevamabhyupagamapareSu // sU0 kR0 / zru0 6a0

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126 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana zIlAMka ne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM spaSTa likhA hai ki saMyama grahaNa karake aura AcAra mArga kA pAlana karane para hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kriyA ke dvArA hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / isako spaSTa karate hue punaH unhoMne sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke tRtIya adhyayana kI TIkA meM likhA hai ki jJAnAdi se rahita kriyA hI ekamAtra svarga yA apavarga kA sAdhana hai, aisA mAnanevAle hI kriyAvIda haiM / 2 kriyAvAda ko mithyAdarzanoM ke varga meM samAhita kiyA jAtA hai / 3 kyoMki vaha jJAna kI upekSA karake mAtra kriyA se hI svarga yA apavarga kI prApti ko mAnya karatA hai / jaina dArzanikoM kA kriyAvAda ko mithyAdarzana ke varga meM samAhita karane kA jo kAraNa hai vaha usakA ekAnta rUpa se kriyA ko hI mokSa mArga mAna lenA hai / jainadarzana ekAntavAda kA virodhI hai aura ekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa ko mithyA mAnate haiM / isa prakAra kriyAvAda ko spaSTa kiyA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki na mAtra jJAna se mukti hotI hai aura na hI mAtra kriyA se mukti hotI hai / kriyA Avazyaka hai kintu usakA jJAna se yukta honA utanA hI Avazyaka hai / 4 jJAna se rahita kriyA aura kriyA se rahita jJAna donoM hI mokSa ke sAdhana nahIM mAne gae haiM / isa sambandha meM Agamika sAhitya meM vistRta carcA upalabdha hotI hai / yahA~ hama use ati saMkSepa meM prastuta kareMge / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki kucha vicAraka mAnate haiM ki pApa 1. vahI, zru0 6 a0 / 2. jJAnAdirahitAM kriyAmekAmeva svargApavarga sAdhanatvena vadituM zIlavatsu / sUtra0 2 zru0 3 a0 / 3. tatra samyagdarzanAt viparItaM mithyAdarzanam / tadddvividham abhigRhItamanabhigRhItaM ca / tatrAbhyuyetyAsamyagdarzanaparigrahaH abhigRhItamajJAnikAdInAM trayANAM triSaSThInAM kuvAdizatAnAM, zeSamanabhigRhItam / tattvArthAdhigamasUtram, svoyajJabhASya - TIkAlaGkRtam, pR0 122 4. ye yAvi bahussue siyA, dhammie mAhaNo bhikkhue siyA / abhinUmakaDehiM mucchie, tivvaM se kammehiM kiccatI // aha pAsa vivegamuTThie, avitiNNe iha bhAsatI dhruvaM / NAhisi AraM kato paraM, vehAse kammehiM kiccatI // * sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 0 2 1, 7-8

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kriyAvAda-akriyAvAda 127 kA tyAga kie binA hI mAtra Aryatattva ko jAnakara hI AtmA sabhI duHkhoM se chUTa jAtI hai, lekina bandhana aura mukti ke siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karanevAle ye vicAraka saMyama kA AcaraNa nahIM karate hue kevala vacanoM se hI AtmA ko AzvAsana dete haiM / punaH kahA gayA hai ki aneka bhASAoM evaM zAstroM kA jJAna AtmA kI zaraNabhUta nahIM hotA / mantrAdi vidyA bhI use kaise bacA sakatI hai ? asad AcaraNa meM anurakta apane Apako paNDita mAnanevAle loga vastuta: mUrkha hI haiM / 2 Avazyaka niyukti meM kahA gayA hai ki AcAra vihIna aneka zAstroM ke jJAtA bhI saMsAra-samudra se pAra nahIM hote / mAtra zAstrIya jJAna se, binA AcaraNa se koI mukti prApta nahIM kara sktaa| jisa prakAra nipuNa cAlaka bhI vAyu yA gati kI kriyA ke abhAva meM jahAja ko icchita kinAre para nahIM pahuMcA sakatA vaise hI jJAnI AtmA bhI tapa-saMyama rUpa sadAcaraNa ke abhAva meM mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakatA / mAtra jAna lene se kArya-siddhi nahIM hotI / tairanA jAnate hue bhI koI kAyaceSTA nahIM kare to DUba jAtA hai, vaise hI zAstroM ko jAnate hue bhI jo dharma kA AcaraNa nahIM karatA, vaha DUba jAtA hai| jaise candana DhonevAlA candana se lAbhAnvita nahIM hotA, mAtra bhAra-vAhaka hI banA rahatA hai vaise hI AcaraNa se hIna jJAnI jJAna ke bhAra kA vAhaka mAtra hai, isase use koI lAbha nahIM hotA / 1. ihamege tu mannaMti apaccakkhAya pAvagaM / AyariyaM vidittA NaM savvadukkhA vimuccaI / / maNaMtA akareMtA ya baMdha-bhokkhapainniNoM / vAyAviripametteNaM samAsAseMti appayaM // uttarAdhyayanasUtra-6.8-9 2. na cittA tAyae bhAsA, kuo vijjANusAsaNaM ? visaMtrA pAvakammehiM bAlA paMDiyamANiNo // vahI0 6-10 3. jaha cheyaladvanijjAmao vi, vANiyagaicchiyaM bhUmi / vAeNa viNA poo, na caeI mahaNNavaM tariuM // taha nANaladvanijjAmao vi, siddhivasahiM na pAuNai / niuNo vi jIvapoo, tavasaMjamamAruavihUNo // saMsArasAgarAo, ubbuDDo mA puNo nibuDDijjA / caraNaguNavippahINo, buDDui subahupi jANaMto // Avazyakaniyukti0 95-97, pR0 10 4. jahA kharo caMdaNabhAravAhI, bhArassa bhAgI na hu caMdaNassa / evaM khu nANI caraNeNa hINo, nANassa bhAgI na hu soggiie| vahI0 zloka0 100, pR0 11

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128 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana jJAna aura kriyA ke pArasparika sambandha ko loka-prasiddha andha-paMgu nyAya ke AdhAra para spaSTa karate hue AcArya likhate haiM ki jaise vana meM dAvAnala lagane para paMgu use dekhate hue bhI gati ke abhAva meM jala maratA hai aura andhA samyaka mArga na khoja pAne ke kAraNa jala maratA hai vaise hI AcaraNavihIna jJAna paMgu ke samAna hai aura jJAna cakSuvihIna AcaraNa andhe ke samAna hai / AcaraNavihIna jJAna aura jJAnavihIna AcaraNa donoM nirarthaka haiM aura saMsAra rUpI dAvAnala se sAdhaka ko bacAne meM asamartha haiM / jisa prakAra eka cakra se ratha nahIM calatA, akelA andhA, akelA paMgu icchita sAdhya taka nahIM pahu~cate, vaise hI mAtra jJAna athavA mAtra kriyA se mukti nahIM hotI, varan donoM ke sahayoga se mukti hotI hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna aura kriyA meM se kisI eka ko svIkAra karane kI vicAraNA ko mithyA vicAraNA kahA gayA hai / 2 jJAna evaM kriyA kI AvazyakatA ke viSaya meM DaoN0 sAgamala jI jaina kA kahanA hai ki3 "jJAna evaM kriyA donoM hI naitika sAdhanA ke lie Avazyaka haiM / jJAna aura cAritra donoM kI samaveta sAdhanA se hI duHkha kA kSaya hotA hai| kriyAzUnya jJAna aura jJAnazUnya kriyA donoM hI ekAnta haiM aura ekAnta hone ke kAraNa jainadarzana kI anekAntavAdI vicAraNA ke anukUla nahIM haiM / " isa prakAra jJAnavAda evaM kriyAvAda kA vivecana jainadarzana ke Agamika sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prAcIna Agamika paramparA meM kriyAvAdI vicAraka ve mAne jAte the jo mokSamArga ke rUpa meM kriyA yA AcAra ko mahattva 1. hayaM nANaM kiyAhINaM, hayA annANao kiyA / pAsaMto paMgulo daTTho, dhAvamANo a aMdhao // saMjogasiddhIi phalaM vayaMti, na hu egacakkeNa raho payAi / aMdho ya paMgU ya vaNe samiccA, te saMpAuttA nagaraM paviTThA // - vahI0 zloka0 101-2, pR0 11 2. bhagavatIsUtra0 8 / 10 / 41 3. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhA0 ra0 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, pR0 33

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karate the| isIlie ve kriyAvAda-akriyAvAda 129 dete the / 1 kintu kriyAvAda kI yaha vyAkhyA naitika-dRSTi yA sAdhanA-mArga kI dRSTi se hI kI jAtI thI / jaina dArzanika apanI anekAntavAdI dRSTi ke AdhAra para mokSa kI prApti meM jJAna aura kriyA donoM ko samAnarUpa se svIkAra karate the| isIlie ve kriyAvAdiyoM ko bhI mithyAdRSTi ke varga meM vargIkRta karate the| kintu kriyAvAda kA eka aisA bhI artha thA jisake AdhAra para jaina-vicAraka apane ko kriyAvAdI varga kA sadasya mAnate the / bhagavatI Adi meM bha0 mahAvIra ne svayaM apane ko kriyAvAdI kahA hai / kriyAvAda kA jo dUsarA artha hai vaha artha tattvamImAMsA ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke caturtha sthAna meM kriyAvAdI Adi cAra vargoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai usakI TIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva kriyAvAda kA artha spaSTa karate haiM ki jIvAdi padArtha sat hai aisA mAnanevAle kriyAvAdI haiM / isa prakAra tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se jIvAdi padArthoM kI sattA ko svIkAra karanevAlI dArzanika paramparAe~ kriyAvAda ke varga meM samAhita kI jAtI thIM / jo vicAraka jIva aura jagat donoM ko hI sat mAnate the ve dArzanika-dRSTi se kriyAvAdI varga meM samAhita kie jAte the / yadyapi hameM yahA~ smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki mAtra jIvAdi padArthoM ke svIkAra karane se hI koI paramparA kriyAvAda ke antargata nahIM A jAtI hai / kriyAvAda ke lie jIva Adi padArtha kI sattA ko to mAnanA hI hotA hai, kintu usake sAtha-sAtha yaha mAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki jIvAdi padArtha meM jo pariNAma yA paryAya hote haiM ve bhI sat haiM / isa prakAra AtmA bAhyArtha aura unakI vividha paryAyoM ko jo dArzanika paramparAe~ sat . 1. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra TIkA / zru0 6 a0, tathA 2 zru0, 3 a0 2. nANaM payAsagaM sohao tavo saMjamo ya guttikaro / tiNDaMpi samAjoge, mokkho jiNasAsaNe bhaNio | - Avazyakaniyukti0 zlo0 103 3. tattvArthAdhigamasUtram, svopajJabhASya-TIkAlaMkRtam pR0 112 4. kriyAM jIvAjIvAdiroM strItyevaM rUpAM vadanti iti kriyAvAdinaH / sthA0 4.1.8.3 jIvAdipadArthasadbhAvo styevetyevaM sAvadhAraNakriyAbhyupagamo yeSAM te astIti kriyAvAdinaH / . sUtra0 zI0 1 / 12 kriyA kartA vinA na sambhavati, sA cAtmasamavAyinIti vadanti tacchIlAzca ye te kriyAvAdinaH / bhagavatI0 abha0 301

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130 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana mAnatI haiM ve kriyAvAda ke varga meM AtI haiM / jaina dArzanika paramparA jIva Adi padArthoM aura unakI paryAyoM donoM ko sat yA vAstavika mAnatI haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dArzanika paramparA ko kriyAvAda ke varga meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai evaM isake viparIta AtmA ko kaTastha mAnanevAle vedAnta aura sAMkhya dArzanika paramparA ko akriyAvAda meM samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai / samAlocya grantha dvAdazAra-nayacakra meM A0 mallavavAdI aura unake TIkAkAra siMhasUri ne kriyA kA artha pravRtti aura bhAva mAnA hai / 1 TIkAkAra siMhasUri bhAva kA artha spaSTa karate hue bhAva iti paryAyakathanam kaha kara isa tathya ko spaSTa kara dete haiM ki dravya ke sAtha satya paryAya yA pariNamana ko sat mAnanevAlI paramparA hI kriyAvada ke varga meM AtI hai / 2 A0 mallavAdI ne kriyAvAda. ke do vizeSaNa die-pravRtti aura bhAva / yahA~ pravRtti se tAtparya karmamArga yA AcAra pakSa se hai aura bhAva se tAtparya paryAya se hai / isa prakAra A0 mallavAdI ke anusAra kriyAvAda vaha dArzanika paramparA hai jo tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se dravya aura paryAya donoM ko yathArtha yA vAstavika mAnatI hai| jo dArzanika AtmA Adi padArtha ko sat mAnakara bhI yadi unakI paryAyoM ko arthAt unake pariNamana ko sat nahIM mAnate haiM, akriyAvAdI varga meM samAhita kie jAte haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to jo pariNAmavAda ko svIkAra karate haiM ve kriyAvAdI haiM aura jo vivartavAda ko svIkAra karate haiM ve akriyAvAdI haiM athavA jo kUTastha AtmavAdI haiM ve AtmA yA puruSa ke sandarbha meM pariNamana ko svIkAra na karane ke kAraNa akriyAvAdI hI haiM / / dUsare A0 mallavAdI ne kriyA kA artha pravRtti kiyA hai| pravRtti-mArga aura nivRtti-mArga ati prAcIna paramparAe~ haiM / pravRtti-mArga ke antargat ve paramparAe~ AtI 1. pravRttiH kriyA bhAvaH / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM pR0 378 2. . tathAbhavanavinAbhUtasannidhivastutvavyaktiH kriyA, tena prakAreNa pacipaThigamyAdinA bhavanaM tathAbhavanam, tena bhavanena vinAbhUtaH sannidhiH zaktimAn mAtrAvasthA zaktyanabhivyaktiryasya vastunastat tathAbhavanavinAbhUtasannidhivastu, tasya bhAvo vastutvam, tadvyakti: vastuzaktyabhivyaktiH kriyA ityetat kriyAlakSaNam / pravRttiH kriyA bhAva iti paryAyakathanam / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM TIkA0 pR0 378

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kriyAvAda-akriyAvAda 131 haiM jo karmakANDa yA AcAra pakSa para adhika bala detI haiM / A0 mallavAdI kriyAvAda ko pravRtti-mArga ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karake yaha spaSTa kara dete haiM ki ve sabhI paramparAe~ jo mokSamArga ke rUpa meM kriyA, pravRtti yA karma para bala (AcaraNa) detI haiM ve saba kriyAvAdI haiM / yahI kAraNa thA ki A0 mallavAdI ne dvAdazAra-nayacakra ke prathama aura dvitIya ara meM mImAMsakoM ko apane kriyAvAda ke kAraNa hI sthAna diyA hai / jJAnamArga ke sthAna para karmamArga kA cayana karane ke kAraNa mImAMsakoM ko prathama ajJAnavAdI varga meM samAhita karate hue unako prathama ara meM samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai| kintu dravya aura paryAya donoM ko sat rUpa meM svIkAra karane ke kAraNa unako dUsare ara meM bhI samAhita kiyA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM A0 mallavAdI ke anusAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kriyAvAda vaha vicAradhArA hai jo AcAramImAMsA kI dRSTi se pravRtti, karmakANDa aura AcAra ke niyama ke pAlana ko hI mokSamArga mAnatI hai, jabaki tattvamImAMsA kI dRSTi se vaha vicAradhArA jo dravya kI sattA ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha use pariNAma mAnatI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM jo dravya aura kriyA donoM ko sat mAnatI haiM vaha kriyAvAdI paramparA hai| pariNAmavAda ko svIkAra karane kA phalita yaha huA ki jo darzana AtmA ko zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA aura usake phaloM kA bhoktA mAnate haiM ve bhI kriyAvAdI varga meM samAhita kie gae haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM Atma-kartRtva bhoktRtva mAnanevAle dArzanika kriyAvAdI haiM / A0 mallavAdI ne dvAdazAranayacakra ke caturtha ara meM isI rUpa meM kriyAvAdiyoM kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai jisakI carcA hama nimnalikhita DhaMga se kara rahe haiM : . A0 mallavAdI ne AtmA ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva kI isa carcA ko jaina karma-siddhAnta ke sAtha samAyojita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki sabhI prANI apane svakarmoM se yukta hokara hI utpanna hote haiM tathA una pUrva niSedha karmoM ke AdhAra para hI karma karate haiM na ki sva icchAnusAra kyoMki 1. svakarmayukta evAyaM sarvo pyutpadyate naraH / sa tathA kriyate tena na yathA svamicchati // . dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 336

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132 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana vyakti kI icchA aura vartamAna zarIra aura indriyakSamatA kA nirdhAraNa bhI karmoM ke AdhAra para hI hotA hai / ve spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki prANiyoM kI zubhAzubha jAti, kula, rUpa, utkarSa, apakarSa karma ke vazIbhUta haiM / 2 isakA tAtparya huA ki A0 mallavAdI kI dRSTi meM AtmA svayaM hI apane karmoM kA kartA aura usakA bhoktA hai / sabhI prANI karmoM ke kartA hone se apane bhAgya ke vidhAtA haiM aura usI rUpa meM vaha Izvara bhI hai / 3 Atma kartRtvavAda kI A0 mallavAdI kI isa sthApanA ko spaSTa karate hue TIkAkAra siMhasUri kahate haiM ki naitika vyavasthA ke lie AtmA ko nitya tathA karmoM ko kartA evaM bhoktA mAnanA hogaa| yadi nitya AtmA ko nahIM mAnA jAyegA to kRtapraNAza karjantaraphalabhoga ke doSa utpanna hoMge sAtha hI yadi hama AtmA kA kartA evaM bhoktA nahIM mAneMge taba prANiyoM ke sadAcAra aura asadAcAra ke AdhAra para phala vyavasthA nahIM banegI aura isa prakAra prANI ke hitAhita kI prApti kA bhI parihAra ho jAyegA arthAt kahane kA koI artha nahIM rahegA ki yaha karanA cAhie aura yaha nahIM karanA cAhie / dUsare zabdoM meM naitikatA ke upadeza denevAle zAstroM kI nirarthakatA kA prazna AyegA / ataH AtmA na kevala karma kA kartA hai apitu svakRta karma ke vipAka kA bhoktA bhI hai yaha mAnanA hogA / yadi AtmA ko karttA aura bhoktA na mAnakara kUTastha nitya yA apariNAmI mAnA jAyegA to phira bandhana, mokSa Adi kI sambhAvanA bhI nahIM rahegI / 5 1. karmavazAdeva hi prANinaH zubhAzubhajAtikularUpAdyutkarSApakarSAH / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 335 2. sukhAdyAtmasaMvedyalakSaNatvAt karmaNaH sukhAdyadRSTANUnAmapi ca karmatvAt karmapravartanAbhyu pagamAt // vahI0 pR0 335 3. sarvaprANinAM kartRtvAt kartRrava bhavitRtvAbhyupagamAt tasyaiva bhavituzca prayojanAt sarvezvaratA / vahI0 pR0 336 4. mA bhUvananakRtAbhyAgamakRtapraNAzakatrantaraphalasaGakrAntyAdayo doSA iti sadasadAcArA: prANinaH eva karttAro bhoktArazcAbhyupagantavyAH, anyathA hitAhitaprApti parihArArthAnAM zAstrANAmAnarthakya prasaMgAt / tataH katureva bhavitRtvAbhyupagamAta / ka: kartA ? ya: svatantraH / yaH svatantro bhavitA pi sa eva / vahI0 TIkA0 pR0 336 naikAntavAde sukhaduHkhabhogau na puNapApe na ca bandhamokSau / durnItivAdavyasanAsinaivaM paraiviluptaM jagadapyazeSam // 27 // syAdvAda-maMjarI0 pR0 301

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kriyAvAda - akriyAvAda 133 mAtra itanA hI nahIM yadi hama karma vipAka ko Izvara Adi kisI anya ke adhIna mAneMge to na kevala puruSArthavAda kI hAni hogI apitu Izvara ke svarUpa meM bhI hAni hogI / yadi Izvara kisI vyakti ko zubhAzubha phala apanI icchA ke anusAra pradAna karegA to phira phala saMkaTatA kA prasaMga upasthita hogA aura Izvara anyAyI siddha hogA / yadi vaha prANiyoM ke karmoM ke AdhAra para hI unake zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala detA hai aisA mAnA jAyegA to Izvara kI svatantratA khaNDita ho jAyegI / dUsare zabdoM meM karma aura usake phalabhoga ke bIca Izvara Adi kisI anya tattva kI upasthiti bhI samucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai / AtmA svataH apane zubhAzubha karma kA karttA aura usake phala kA bhoktA hai? yahI avadhAraNa eka aisI avadhAraNA hai jo naitika vyavavasthA ke lie Avazyaka aura isI ke AdhAra para bandhana aura mokSa kI avadhAraNA ko samyak prakAra se samajhAyA jA sakatA hai / akriyAvAda kriyAvAda se bhinna dUsarI avadhAraNA akriyAvAda kahalAtI hai / akriyAvAda kI tAtvika vivecanA karate hue sUtrakRtAMga TIkA meM kahA gayA hai jo jIvAdika padArthoM kI svatantra sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM ve vAdI akriyAvAdI kahalAte haiM / isI AdhAra para sUtrakRtAMga kI hI TIkA meM cArvAka, bauddha Adi ko bhI akriyAvAda meM samAhita karate haiM / dUsare zabdoM 1. Adyantavad madhye pi Izvara prAdhAnyAdIzvaravazAd pravRttau phalasaMkara prasaMgaH, tatprasaktau kriyAvilopa:, tatazca sarvanirmokSaH sarvAnimokSo vA / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 343 2. manasA vAcA kAyena vApi yuktasya vIryapariNAmaH / jIvasyAtmani yaH khalu sa yogasaMjJo jinaiISTaH || tejoyogAd yadvad raktatvAdirghaTasya pariNAmaH / jIvakaraNaprayoge vIryamapi tathAtmapariNAmaH // jogehi tadaNurUvaM pariNamayati geNhitUNa paMcataNU | pAugge vAlaMbati bhAsANamaNattaNe khaMdhe || karmapra0 gA0 17 3. nAstyeva jIvAdikaH padArtha ityevaM vAdiSu / 4. te cArvAka - bauddhAdayo kriyAvAdina evamAcakSate / dvA0 na0 TIkA0 pR0 349 sUtrakRtAMga zru0 1 a0 12 vahI0 zru0 1, a0 12

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134 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana meM jo nityadravya kI avadhAraNA kA niSedha karatA hai vaha akriyAvAdI hai kintu sUtrakRtAMga kI uparyukta paribhASA meM samasta akriyAvAdiyoM ko samAhita karapAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| isalie bhagavatIsUtra ke 29veM zataka kI TIkA meM abhayadeva ne akriyAvAda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki jIvAdi padArthoM meM kriyArUpa nahIM hai aisA mAnanevAle akriyAvAdI haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM jIvAdi padArtha svIkAra karake bhI unameM pariNAma ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM arthAt AtmA ko kUTastha nitya yA apariNAmI mAnate haiM ve bhI akriyAvAda ke varga meM Ate haiM / akriyAvada kI ye vyAkhyAe~ tatvamImAMsIya dRSTikoNa ke Adhara para kI gaI haiN| ise spaSTa karate hue sthAnAMga kI TIkA meM abhayadeva ne likhA hai ki astirUpa sakala padArthoM meM vyApta kriyA ko svIkAra karanevAle kriyAvAdI haiM usake viparIta sakala padArthoM meM kriyA yA pariNamana ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM ve akriyAvAdI kahalAte haiM / vastutaH kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI donoM hI ekAntika dRSTiyA~ haiN| kriyAvAda ko svIkAra karane para vastu ke utpAda aura vyaya ina do pakSoM kI vyAkhyA to ho jAtI hai kintu usakA dhrauvya pakSa upekSita raha jAtA hai / dUsarI ora akriyAvAda mAnane para vastu kA dhrauvya pakSa to upasthita hotA hai kintu utpAda aura vyaya pakSa upekSita raha jAte haiM isalie kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda donoM hI mithyAdRSTi kI koTi meM cale jAte haiM / ye akriyAvAdI kauna the isakI carcA ke prasaMga meM sthAnAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM prAcIna Agama kA eka sandarbha uddhRta kiyA hai / vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki akriyAvAdI ATha prakAra ke haiM / ekavAdI, anekavAdI, mitavAdI, nimittavAdI, zAzvatavAdI, samucchedavAdI, nityavAdI aura paraloka nahIM hai aisA 1. akriyAM kriyAyA abhAvaM vadanti tacchIlA akriyAvAdinaH / na kasyacitpratikSaNamanavasthitasya padArthasya kriyA sambhavati utpanyanantarameva vinAzAdityevaM vadatsu / -bhagavatI01 2. kriyA astItirUpA sakala padArtha sArthavyApinI, saivA yathAvastu viSayatayA kutsitA akriyA, nagnaH kutsArthatvAt, tAmakriyAM vadantItyevaMzIlA akriyAvAdinaH / yathAvasthitaM hI vastu anekAntAtmakaM, tannAstyekAttAtmakameva vastviti pratipattimatsu nAstikeSu / sthA0 ThA0 8

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kriyAvAda-akriyAvAda 135 mAnevAle / ye sabhI akriyAvAdI haiM / 1. dUsare zabdoM meM tattva kI sattA ko svIkAra karake bhI jina mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa usameM kriyA yA pariNamana saMbhava na ho ve sabhI akriyAvAdI varga meM cale jAte haiM / vastu ko kUTastha mAnane para aura usako kSaNika mAnane para bhI kriyA sambhava nahIM hai / isalie donoM hI akriyAvAda ke varga meM samAhita hote haiM / cAhe phira ve advaitavAdiyoM ke samAna eka tattva ko mAnate hoM yA sAMkhya Adi ke sAmana aneka tattva mAnate hoM yA phira cArvAka Adi ke samAna paraloka Adi kA asvIkAra karate hoM / / eka anya artha meM jo Atma-sAdhanA yA citta-zuddhi ke lie kriyA ke sthAna para jJAna ko hI mahattva dete haiM aura zIlAdi ko mahattva nahIM dete haiM ve bhI akriyAvAdI kahe gae haiM / bhagavatIsatra kI TIkA meM abhayadeva ne samasta jJAnavAdiyoM ko akriyAvAdI ke varga meM hI samAhita kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM zIlAMka ne yaha kahA hai ki vastu jaisI hai vaisA jJAna ho jAne se hI mukti ho jAtI hai usake lie sadAcAra Adi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jaise sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra 25 tattvoM ko jAna lene se mukti ho jAtI hai / ataH jJAnavAdI paramparA akriyAvAda ke varga meM samAhita kI jAtI hai / 3 te cASTaH- adda akiriyAvAdI paNNattA taM jahAekkAvAdI, aNikkavAI, mitavAdI, nimittavAdI, sAmavAdI, samucchedavAdI, NiyAvAdI, Na saMti paralogavAdI / sthA0 ThA0 4, 43 tulanIya-dIghanikAya ke sAmaMjaphalasutta meM bhI (1) akriyAvAda, (2) saMsAra zuddhivAda athavA niyativAda, (3) ucchedavAda, (4) anyonyavAda, (5) cAturyAmasaMvaravAda aura (6) vikSepavAda jaise vAdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| Arhat-darzana dIpikA TippaNa0 pR0 986 dIghanikAya ke brahmajAlasutta meM bhI ATha vAdoM ke nAma pAe jAte haiM yathA(1) amarA-vikhepika, (2) sassatavAdI, (3) ekaccasassatavAdI, (4) aMtAnaMtika, (5) adhiccasamuppanika, (6) uddhamAdyAtanika, (7) ucchedavAdI evaM ditttthdhmmnibaanvaadii| - uddhRta Arhata darzana dIpikA0 TippaNa0 984 2. akriyaiva paraloka sAdhanAyA lamityevaM vaditu zIla yeSAnte kriyAvAdinaH / jJAnavAdiSu akriyAvAdino ye bruvate kiM kiyayA cittazuddhireva kAryayA te ca bauddhA iti0 / bhagavatI0 A0 3, / 3. teSAM hi yathA vasthita vastuparijJAnAdeva mokSaH / tathA coktam paMcavizatitattvajJo, yatra /

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136 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana yadi saMkSepa meM kaheM to jo tattvamImAMsA ke kSetra meM pariNamana ko aura sAdhanA ke kSetra meM kriyA yA AcaraNa ko mahatva dete haiM ve vicAraka kriyAvAdI kahalAte haiM aura usake viparIta vastutattva ke pariNamana ko nahIM mAnate evaM ekAntarUpa se jJAnavAda meM niSThA rakhate haiM ve akriyAvAdI haiM / __ A0 mallavAdI ne apane dvAdazAra-nayacakra meM kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI donoM hI pakSoM kA vicAra kiyA hai kintu donoM hI naya yA dRSTikoNa ekAMgI hone se apanI samIkSA ke viSaya bhI bane haiM / jainoM ke anekAntavAda ko dRSTigat rakhakara hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vastu kA jo dhrauvya pakSa hai vaha akriyA hai aura vastu kA jo utpAda-vyaya pakSa hai vahI kriyA hai| jo vastu meM kriyA aura akriyA donoM ko svIkAra karatA hai vaha darzana hI samyaka hai / isI prakAra AcAramImAMsA kI dRSTi se jo sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jJAna ko aura nivRtti ko pradhAnatA detA hai vaha akriyAvAdI hai aura jo pravRtti aura kriyA ko pradhAnatA detA hai vaha kriyAvAdI hai / kintu mukti na to ekAntarUpa jJAna se saMbhava hai aura na caritra, AcaraNa yA pravRtti se / sUtrakRtAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki jJAna aura kriyA se hI mokSa hotA hai| jo donoM ko svIkAra karatA hai vahI mukti kA adhikArI banatA hai / jJAna aura kriyA ke samanvaya meM mukti hai yahI anekAntadRSTi hai / tatrAzrame rataH / zikhI, muNDI, jaTI vApi siddhayate nAtra saMzayaH // sUtra0 zru0 1, a0 6. 1. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 12 / 11-14

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aSTama adhyAya sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI samasyA sattA ke do pakSa mAne gae haiM / eka sAmAnya aura dUsarA vizeSa / sAmAnya sattA kA vaha pakSa hai jo use eka varga meM samAhita karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha vyaSTiyoM meM anusyUta ekatA yA jAti kA vAcaka hai / dUsarI ora vizeSa vaha pakSa hai jo sattA ke vividha rUpoM ko eka-dUsare se pRthak karatA hai / 2 sattA sAmAnya hai yA vizeSa isa prazna ko lekara bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM vividha dRSTikoNa pAe jAte haiN| bhAratIya cintana meM vedAnta ne sattA ko sAmAnya mAnA aura vizeSa ko mAtra pratIti yA vyavahAra kahA / 3 isI prakAra zabdAdvaitavAdI bhartRhari Adi bhI sattA ko svarUpataH sAmAnya hI mAnate haiM / 4 saMkSepa meM kaheM to bauddhoM ke atirikta jo bhI abhedavAdI vicAraka haiM unake anusAra sattA sAmAnya hI hai| isa sAmAnyavAda ke virodha meM bauddha dArzanikoM yA samAnAM buddhi prasUte bhinnezvadhikaraNeSu yayA bahUnItaretarato na vyAvartante yo onekatra pratyayAnuvRttinimittaM tatsAmAnyam / nyAyadarzanam, vAtsyA0 2.2.71 anyonyAbhAvavirodhisAmAnyarahitaH samavetaH padArtha vizeSaH / sarva0 pR0 217 aulU0 vizeSa: atyantavyAvRtti hetuH nyAyakozaH pR0 784 3. vedAntavAdinA ca sAmAnyameva viSayo dvayoH AtmAdvaitatayA sarvasya ekatvAt / uddhRta nyAyAvatAravAtikavRtti0 pR0 254 4. anuviddhaikarUpatvAd vIcIbudrudaphenavat / vAcaH sAramapekSante zabdabrahmodakAdvayam / syAdvAda, pR0 91, vahI., pR0 254

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138 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana kA kahanA hai ki sAmAnya kAlpanika hai, sat vizeSa rUpa hai / isa prakAra bhAratIya darzana meM sattA sAmAnya hai yA vizeSa isa prazna ko lekara vedAnta aura bauddha darzana paraspara bhinna dRSTikoNa rakhate haiM / anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne yA to ina donoM matoM kA samanvaya karane kA prAyasa kiyA hai yA phira sattA meM donoM pakSoM ko eka-dUsare se svatantra svIkAra kiyA hai| paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke sandarbha meM nimna pA~ca dRSTikoNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - 1. bauddhoM kA avasturUpa sAmAnyavAda (kAlpanika sAmAnyavAda) 2. vaizeSikoM kA bhinnasAmAnyavAda 3. sAMkhyoM kA abhinnasAmAnyavAda 4. mImAMsakoM kA bhinnAbhinna sAmAnyavAda 5. jainoM kA anekAntAtmaka sAmAnyavAda paNDitajI ke anusAra, cArvAkoM kA sAmAnya ke sandarbha meM kyA dRSTikoNa thA ? isakA nirNaya karanA kaThina hai kyoMki unake ekamAtra upalabdha grantha tattvopaplava meM bhinna, abhinna aura bhinnAbhinna ina tInoM pakSoM ko lekara sAmAnya kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / hamAre Alocya grantha dvAdazAra-nayacakra meM bhI isI prakAra sAmAnya ke bhinna, abhinna aura bhinnAbhinna ina tInoM prakAroM kA khaNDana pAyA jAtA hai / vastuta: sAmAnya kA khaNDana karane kI yaha zailI bauddha-tarkoM ke AdhAra para khar3I huI hai / bauddha dArzanika sAmAnya ko kAlpanika mAnate haiN| unake anusAra sAmAnya mAtra pratIti hai, hameM jo jAti kI pratIti hotI hai vaha vastutaH sAmAnya nahIM apitu atad vyAkRti yA anyApoha hI hai / bauddhoM ke anusAra saMjJA bhedarUpa hai| usameM ekarUpatA kI anubhUti to 1. nyAyAvatAravAtikavRtti0 pR0 251 2. vahI0 pR0 250 3. vahI0 pR0 250 4. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 11-22

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sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI samasyA mAtra vijAtIya tattvoM kI vyAkRtti se hotI hai / isa prakAra bauddhoM ke anusAra sAmAnya vastu sat nahIM hai vaha mAtra eka pratyaya hai jisakA koI viSaya nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sAmAnya kAlpanika hai, hama manuSyoM meM ekatva kI anubhUti karate haiM, kintu yaha anubhUti isa AdhAra para nahIM hotI kI saba manuSyoM meM ekarUpatA hai| pazu Adi se bhinna hone ke kAraNa hI hama use manuSya mAnate haiN| isa prakAra sAmAnya yA jAti to kAlpanika hI hai / bauddhoM ke isa dRSTikoNa ke virodha meM abhedavAdI yA advaitAvAdI vicArakoM kA mata kahatA hai ki sat sAmAnya rUpa hai vizeSa mAtra pratibhAsa hai / 2 dvAdazAra-nayacakra meM hameM vedAnta ke sAmAnyavAda kI koI samIkSA upalabdha nahIM hotI kintu usameM vaiyAkaraNikoM ke sAmAnyavAda kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / sAmAnyavAdiyoM aura vizeSavAdiyoM ke aikAntika siddhAntoM se Upara . uThakara kucha bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM ko hI svatantra padArtha mAnA hai / naiyAyika aura vaizeSika sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko vastutatva sat mAnate haiM / kintu unake anusAra sAmAnya aura vizeSa eka-dUsare se pRthak-pRthak haiM sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM kI svatantra sattA hai| aura jisa prakAra vizeSa kI sattA pratIti ke AdhAra para siddha hotI hai usI prakAra sAmAnya kI sattA bhI pratIti ke AdhAra para siddha hotI hai| vastu meM sAmAnya tattva kI upasthiti ke kAraNa hI jAti kI anubhUti hotI hai / sAmAnya ke abhAva meM jAti kI anubhUti nahIM hotI / kintu jAti kI anubhUti hotI hai usI prakAra hameM vizeSa, vyakti yA vyaSTi kI anubhUti hotI hai / sAmAnya vaha tattva hai ki jo sabhI manuSyoM ko eka hI varga meM rakhatA hai aura vizeSa vaha tattva hai jo eka manuSya ko dUsare manuSya se pRthak karatA hai / isa prakAra vyakti aura samaSTi vastusat hai / sAMkhya dArzanika naiyAyikoM ke samAna hI sattA meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa 1. nyAyAvatAravAtikavRtti0 pR0 251 2. vahI0 pR0 254 3. bhAvo nuvRttereva hetutvAt sAmAnyameva / dravyatvaM, guNatvaM, karmatvaM ca sAmAnyAni vizeSAzca / vaize0 1.2.4-5

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140 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana donoM pakSa svIkAra karate haiM / kintu sAMkhyoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko sattA se abhinna hI mAnate haiM / Alocya grantha dvAdazAra nayacakra meM sAMkhyoM ke isa dRSTikoNa kA ullekha sarva sarvAtmaka ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| ve vyakti arthAt pariNAma yA vikAra kA prakRti yA sAmAnya se abheda hI mAnate haiM / isa prakAra sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM vizeSa kI sattA kA svIkAra karate hue bhI sAMkhya dArzanika usameM abheda kI kalpanA karate haiN|2 bheda abheda se pRthak nahIM hai yA vizeSa sAmAnya se pRthak nahIM hai / isa prakAra naiyAyikoM ke bhinna sAmAnyavAda ke virodha meM sAMkhyoM kA abhinna sAmAnyavAda khar3A huA hai / mImAMsakoM kI sthiti isa sambandha meM ina donoM hI vicAradhArAoM se bhinna hai| mImAMsakoM kA bhaTTa sampradAya sAmAnya aura vizeSa kA jAti aura vyakti meM bhedAbheda mAnatA hai| usakA kahanA hai ki jAti aura vyakti eka-dUsare se pRthak apanA astitva nahIM rakhate haiM / kintu usakA artha yaha bhI nahIM ki vaha pUrNataH abhinna hai / kumArila ne bhI vastu ko sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka mAnA hai / unakA kahanA hai ki sAmAnya ke abhAva meM vizeSa kA aura vizeSa ke abhAva meM sAmAnya kA sadbhAva nahIM ho sakatA; ataH vastu ko sAmAnya-vizeSa ubhayAtmaka mAnanA cAhie / mAtra itanA hI nahIM parantu sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko paraspara bhinnAbhinna mAnanA cAhie / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhAratIya cintana meM jahA~ eka ora prAcIna advaitavAdiyoM ne sattA ko mAtra sAmAnya rUpa mAnA aura vizeSa yA vyakti ko pratIti kahA usake ThIka viparIta bauddhoM ne sattA ko mAtra vyakti yA vizeSa mAnA aura sAmAnya ko pratIti kahA / ina donoM aikAtmika dRSTikoNoM meM 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, TIkA0 pR0 11-12 2. sAMkhyaistu....traiguNyarUpasya sAmAnyasyAbhyupagamAt / nyAyapra0 paM0 pR0 74 3. nivizeSa na sAmAnyaM bhavecchazaviSANavat / sAmAnyarahitatvAcca vizeSAstadvadeva hi / / zlokavArtika0 AkRti0 10 4. sarvavastuSu buddhizca vyAvRttyanugamAtmikA / jAyate dravyAtmakatvena vinA sA ca na siddhayati / / vahI0 5 5. tena nAtyantabhedo pi syAtsAmAnya vizeSayoH / vahI0 11

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sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI samasyA 141 samanvaya ke pariNAma svarUpa tIna prakAra ke dRSTikoNa sAmane Ae / nyAyavaizeSikoM ne sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko satbhAva, kintu unheM eka-dUsare se pRthak svIkAra kiyA arthAt unameM paraspara bheda kI kalpanA kI / isake viparIta sAMkhyoM ne sattA meM vyaSTi aura samaSTi donoM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI unameM paraspara abhinnatA ko svIkAra kiyA aura yaha kahA ki vyaSTi aura samaSTi eka-dUsare se vivikta nahIM haiM / ve abhinna haiM / ina donoM matoM ke bIca punaH eka samanvaya kA prayAsa huA jisake pariNAma svarUpa mImAMsakoM kA bhinnAbhinnavAda sAmane AyA / mImAMsakoM ne sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM ko svIkAra to kiyA hI kintu una donoM ko ekAtmaka rUpa se na to bhinna mAnA aura na abhinna hI / jainadarzana kI vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki unhoMne sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke svatantra astitva tathA unake paraspara bhinnatva, abhinnatva aura ubhayatva ko apane anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa se samIkSA kara sabhI kI sApekSatA ko spaSTa kiyA / unhoMne isa bAta ko spaSTa kiyA kI sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM vastutattva se pRthak sattA nahIM haiM apitu usa sattA ko samajhane ke vividha AyAma haiM / 1 pro0 sAgarama jaina kA kathana hai ki sAmAnya aura vizeSa cAhe vicAra kI dRSTi se pRthak-pRthak hoM kintu Anubhavika jagat meM pRthak-pRthak nahIM pAye jAte haiM / vyakti se bhinna na to vyakti yA sAmAnya kI sattA hai aura na to sAmAnya se rahita kisI vyakti kI sattA hai / manuSya-manuSya se pRthak nahIM dekhA jAtA hai aura na koI aisA manuSya hI hai jo manuSyatva se rahita hotA ho / sattA yA astitva sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai, isa prakAra sAmAnya aura vizeSa vicAra kI dRSTi se eka-dUsare se pRthak hokara bhI anubhUti ke stara para athavA apane astitva kI dRSTi se ve eka-dUsare se pRthak nahIM pAe jAte haiM / aura isI lie hamAre zabda bhI sAmAnya viziSTa vizeSa ke hI grAhaka hote haiM / 'gAmAnaya' isa zabda ko sunakara koI zrotA gotvAnvita go vizeSa ko hI khojatA hai aura na goviziSTa ko khojatA hai / isa prakAra vastu-sat na to sAmAnya hai aura na vizeSa apita sAmAnya-vizeSa ubhayAtmaka hai sAtha hI ye 1. svato nuvRttivyativRttibhAjo, bhAvAna bhAvAntara neyarUpAH / syAdvAdamaMjarI0 pR0 16

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142 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana sAmAnya- vizeSa bhI eka-dUsare se na to pUrNataH bhinna haiM aura na to abhinna hI, vaicArika stara para ve bhinna hote hue bhI sattAtmaka stara para abhinna hI haiM / 1 AcArya mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI vastu-nirapekSa svasattA kI nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA kI hai| ve prazna uThAte haiM ki yadi sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko hama vastu-nirapekSa svatantra sattA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM to sAmAnya ko vyApaka mAnanA hogaa| kyoMki yadi sAmAnya ko vyApaka nahIM mAneMge to pratyeka vyakti meM alaga-alaga sAmAnya hone se vaha vizeSa ho jAyegA / A0 mallavAdI isI samasyA ke prati prazna uThAte hue kahate haiM ki vaha sAmAnya apanI jAti ke ghaTAdi vyaSTi meM rahatA hai yA dUsarI jAti ke paTAdi vyaSTi meM bhI rahatA hai ? yadi sAmAnya apanI jAti ke sabhI meM vyaSTi meM vyApaka hai aisA mAnA jAyegA to usa jAti kI sabhI vyaSTiyA~ eka ho jAyeMgI arthAt eka vyakti se dUsare vyakti kA aura eka mahiSa se dUsare mahiSa kA antara hI nahIM raha jAyegA / yadi yaha mAneM ki eka sAmAnya sabhI vyaSTiyoM meM alaga-alaga rahatA hai to vaha nAnAtva yA anekatA ko prApta ho jAyegA taba phira sarva meM eka aura eka meM sarva kA doSa AyegA / dUsare zabdoM meM nyAyavaizeSikoM ko sAMkhya kA mata svIkAra karanA par3egA aura isa prakAra unakI sAmAnya sambandhI apanI avadhAraNA meM virodha A jAyegA |2 yadi isake viparIta yaha mAnA jAe ki aneka viSayoM meM rahanevAle sAmAnya alaga-alaga haiM taba bhI tArkika doSa AyegA / kyoMki yadi saba vyaSTiyoM meM alaga-alaga sAmAnya haiM to phira ghaTAdi eka hI jAti kI vastue~ ekarUpa nahIM raha pAyeMgI kyoMki pratyeka vyaSTi meM alaga-alaga sAmAnya hone se unameM sAmAnya kA yA jAti kA hI abhAva ho jAyegA aura sAmAnya ke abhAva meM unake Atmatva yA svasvarUpa kA bhI abhAva mAnanA par3egA / isa prakAra vastu se pRthak sAmAnya ko svIkAra karane para tArkikarUpa se aneka samasyAe~ utpanna hoMgI / 3 1. jainabhASA darzana0 pR0 44-46 2. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 11-12 3. vahI, pR0 12-13

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sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI samasyA 143 dUsare zabdoM meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI vastu se svatantra astitva kI nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kI avadhAraNA tArkikarUpa se nirdoSa nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM vastu mAtra sarvasarvAtmaka hai ata: ghaTAdi vastu sAmAnyarUpa hI hai / A0 mallavAdI yahA~ prazna upasthita karate haiM ki sAmAnya apane svaviSaya arthAt apanI hI jAti ke sadasyoM meM rahanevAlA hai yA dUsarI jAti ke para viSaya dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva rUpa bhI hai ? dUsare zabdoM meM sAmAnya apanI apekSA se sAmAnya hai yA para kI apekSA se sAmAnya hai ? yadi sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki prakRti eka hI hai aura vahI ghaTa-paTAdi nAnA rUpa meM pariNata hotI hai aura vahI prakRti sAmAnya hai ? to aisI sthiti meM ghaTapaTAdi kI bhinnatA samApta ho jaayegii| dUsare zabdoM meM sAmAnya kA jo jAtigat svarUpa hai vahI naSTa ho jAyegA kyoMki sAMkhyadarzana pariNAma aura pariNAmI meM abheda mAnatA hai sAtha hI sabhI vastuoM kI utpatti aura laya prakRti meM mAnatA hai| aisI sthiti meM saba prakRti hI hai arthAt sarva eka rUpa hai yaha mAnyatA pratiphalita hogI kintu aisA mAnane para sarva ekarUpa ho jAyegA aura sarva ekarUpa hone para sAmAnya kA svarUpa hI naSTa ho jAyegA kyoMki vizeSoM ke abhAva meM aura vibhinna jAtioM ke abhAva meM sAmAnya kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jAyegA / A0 mallavAdI isI tarka ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki yadi aisA mAnA jAe ki ghaTAdi padArthoM meM sAmAnya abheda se rahatA hai to prazna yaha hogA ki kyA sAmAnya apanI jAti arthAt svasvarUpa ko prApta hokara rahatA hai ? yA sva aura para vargoM ke apanI aura apane se bhinna jAti ke sabhI padArthoM meM sAmAnya svarUpa ko prApta hokara rahatA hai ? yadi use apanI jAti ke aura apane se bhinna jAti ke arthAt donoM hI prakAra ke padArthoM meM sthita mAneMge to phira sAmAnya kA svarUpa hI naSTa ho jAyegA aura yadi use apanI jAti ke vyaSTiyoM meM sthita mAnA jAyegA to phira usakI ekarUpatA kI arthAt prakRti kI ekarUpatA kI kSati ho jAyegI / yadi hama sAmAnya ko alaga-alaga rUpa se pratyeka vyaSTi meM sthita mAnate haiM to bhI sAmAnya ke vasturUpa banane para 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 13-14

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144 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana sAmAnya kA svarUpa naSTa ho jAyegA / yadi aisA mAna bhI liyA jAya kI padArtha meM aura sAmAnya meM koI bheda nahIM hai kyoMki lokavyavahAra meM rAhoH ziraH aisA prayoga hotA hai arthAt abheda ke sambandha meM bheda kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai kintu aisA mAnane para punaH sarvasarvAtmakatA kA siddhAnta mAnanA hogA aura aisI sthiti meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa ye donoM avadhAraNAe~ nirarthaka hI siddha hoMgI / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki kevala sAmAnya ko mAnane para vizeSa kA abhAva ho jAyegA aura vizeSa kA abhAva ho jAne para yaha isake samAna yA yaha isakI jAti kA hai aisA vyavahAra bhI nahIM bana pAyegA / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI avadhAraNAe~ paraspara sApekSa haiM / sAmAnya vizeSa kI apekSA rakhatA hai aura vizeSa sAmAnya kI / ina donoM meM paraspara avinAbhAva sambandha hai ata: eka ko svIkAra karane para dUsare ko bhI svIkAra karanA hogA evaM eka pakSa ko svIkAra karane para dUsare pakSoM kI ApattiyoM kA sAmanA karanA hI par3egA / yadi sAmAnya ko apane se bhinna dUsare varga yA para viSaya meM sthita mAnate haiM to vaha samAna jAti ke padArthoM meM na rahane ke kAraNa sAmAnya, sAmAnya hI nahIM raha jAyegA kyoMki vaha bhinna-bhinna asamAna jAti ke padArthoM meM sthita hotA hai / 2 saMkSepa meM nyAya-vaizeSika sammata anuvRtti sAmAnya, sAMkhya-sammata sAdRzya sAmAnya aura bauddha-sammata vyAvRtti sAmAnya ko na mAnakara sva aura para donoM vargoM meM sAmAnya kI upasthiti mAnane se sAmAnya kI avadhAraNA kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jAtA hai / yadyapi yaha eka vyavahAravAdI pakSa avazya hai kyoMki vyavahAravAdiyoM ke anusAra sAmAnya kA lakSaNa hI yahI hai ki dUsaroM ke sAmana hai vahI sAmAnya hai / 3 vyavahAra meM bhI yahI bAta dekhI jAtI hai ataH sAmAnya kA lakSaNa laukikatA ke anusAra karanA hI ThIka hai| A0 mallavAdI 1. sAmAnyavizeSayozca sambandhitvAdekatarAbhyupagame'nyatarasya / AvazyApekSyatvAt sAmAnyAbhyupagame niyamapakSApattirapi // dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 14 2. paraviSayatAyAmapi asamAnAvasthAnAda-sAmAnyam / kiM kAraNam ? anavadhRtaikatara kAraNatvAd dravyAdInAm / vahI0 pR 14 3. pareNa samAnena bhUyate / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, 18

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sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI samasyA 145 kA kahanA hai ki anya dArzanikoM ne sAmAnya kA jo lakSaNa batAyA hai vaha pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM hai / ata: una avadhAraNAoM kA sAmAnya ke rUpa meM svIkAra na karake sAmAnya kI jo vyavahArika dRSTi hai use svIkAra karanA hI ucita hai| kyoMki sAmAnya kA yaha vyApakaraNa sammata bhI hai / dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko jo bhavan arthAt parivartana vaha saba eka hI dharmAtmaka hone ke kAraNa ekAtmaka hai / aisI sthiti meM anya darzanoM ke dvArA mAnya sAmAnya kA lakSaNa ghaTa nahIM sakatA hai kyoMki sarva sAmAnya meM anya kA abhAva hone se anyApoha svarUpa sAmAnya saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA hai / punaH ekAtmaka hone ke kAraNa arthAt mUla vastu meM bhinnatA na hone ke kAraNa sadRzyatA kI avadhAraNA kA abhAva rahatA hai / jaba do vastue~ alaga-alaga haiM hI nahIM to phira sAdRzya lakSaNa sAmAnya kA abhAva ho jAyegA kyoMki sAdRzya do bhinna-bhinna vastuoM meM hI saMbhava hai / yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki saba eka hI dharmAtmaka hai taba aisI sthiti meM samAnatA kA abhAva ho jAyegA sAtha hI paraspara bhinna vastue~ na rahane para jo anuvRtti rUpa sAmAnya hai usakA bhI abhAva ho jAyegA / 2 niSkarSa rUpa se hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki A0 mallavAdI kI dRSTi meM sAmAnya sambandhI koI bhI avadhAraNA pUrNataH nirdoSa nahIM ho sakatI / anya ke abhAva meM anyApAta sAmAnya saMbhava nahIM hai / ekAtmakatA mAnane para sAdRzya lakSaNa sAmAnya kI vyAkhyA saMbhava nahIM aura samAnatA kA abhAva mAnane para anuvRtti rUpa sAmAnya kI avadhAraNA satyasthita nahIM hotI / sAmAnya kA vastu se bheda, abheda, abhAva, ekAntarUpa se kucha bhI mAneM vaha nirdoSa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| 1. vahI0 TIkA0 pR0 18 2. vahI0 pR0 19

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navama adhyAya AtmA kI avadhAraNA AtmA kI avadhAraNA samasta bhAratIya cintana kA pramukha viSaya hai / sAmAnyatayA AtmA se hamArA abhiprAya caitanya saMjJA se hai / bhAratIya darzanoM meM cArvAka aura bauddhoM ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI darzanoM ne nitya Atma-tattva kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra kiyA hai / cArvAka cAhe AtmA ko svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate phira bhI ve cetanA kI upasthiti se inkAra nahIM karate haiM / unake virodha kA mukhya viSaya kisI nitya Atma-sattA kI svIkRti ko lekara hai / bauddha bhI bhale hI nitya Atma-tattva ko svIkAra na karate hoM kintu cetanA pravAha ke rUpa meM citta santati kI avadhAraNA ko ve avazya mAnakara calate haiM / 2 mAtra itanA hI nahIM jahA~ cArvAka zarIra se hI caitanya saMjJA kI utpatti ko mAnakara yaha samajhate haiM ki zarIra ke vinAza ke sAtha-sAtha usa zarIra ke sAtha juTI huI cetanA bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra ve punarjanma kI avadhAraNA se inkAra karate haiM vahA~ bauddha dArzanika nitya 1. caturthyaH khalu bhUtebhyazcaitanyamupajAyate / kiNvAdibhyaH sametebhyo dravyebhyomadazaktivat / / sarvadarzana saM0 pR0 5 2. bauddhai 'sarvaM kSaNikam' iti pratijJAya.....saMtAna kalpanA / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 5 3. yAvajjIvetsukhaM jIvettAvadvaiSayikaM sukham / bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH // - SaDdarzana samuccaya0 pR0 453

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AtmA kI avadhAraNA 147 Atma-sattA nahIM svIkAra karate tathA AtmavAda kA pratipAdana karate hue bhI citta-saMtati kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para cittadhArA ke dehottara kI bAta ko bhI svIkAra kara lete haiM / isa prakAra cittadhArA kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para ve punarjanma evaM bhavAntara meM zubhAzubha karma ke vipAka kI avadhAraNA ko bhI svIkAra kara lete haiN| uparyukta do darzanoM ko chor3akara upaniSada kAla se hI zeSa samasta bhAratIya darzana nitya Atma-tattva ko svIkAra karake calate haiM / jahA~ taka samAlocya grantha "dvAdazAra nayacakra" kA prazna hai usameM dvitIya vidhividhi ara meM puruSavAda ke prasaMga meM Atma-tattva kI vivecanA upalabdha hotI hai caitanya-sattA ke lie upaniSada kAla se hI puruSa aura AtmA ye do zabda supracalita rahe haiM / jahA~ sAMkhya paramparA meM puruSa zabda ko pradhAnatA dI vahA~ anya paramparA meM AtmA zabda bahupracalita rahA; ina do zabdoM ke sAtha-sAtha bauddha paramparA meM isa caitanya ke lie pudgala zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / jainoM ke bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI jIvAtmA ke lie pudgala zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vaise jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA jIva aura AtmA zabda caitanyasattA ke lie bahu pracalita rahA hai / AtmA ke ina vibhinna paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI vyAkhyA hameM dvAdazAra nayacakra kI siMhasUri kI TIkA meM upalabdha hotI hai / siMhasUri kahate haiM ki jo satat rUpa se gati karatA hai, calatA hai, jAnatA hai aura pariNayana karatA hai vaha AtmA hai| jaina Agama meM AtmA ke lie satva aura bhUta zabda upalabdha hote haiM / satva kI vyAkhyA karate hue siMhasari kahate haiM ki jo sadaiva bhAvarUpa hai arthAt astitvavAna hai vaha satva hai athavA jo sat hotA hai vaha sat hai| bhUta zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue ve kahate 1. jIve ti vA, jIvatthikAye ti vA, pANe ti vA, bhUte ti vA, satte ti vA, viSNu ti vA, ceyA ti vA, jeyA ti vA, AyA ti vA, raMgaNe ti vA, raMgaNe ti vA, hiMDue ti vA, poggale ti vA, bhANave ti vA, kattA ti vA, vikattA ti vA, jae ti vA, jaMtU ti vA, joNIti vA, sayaMbhU ti vA, sasarIrI ti vA, nAmaye ti vA, aMtarappA ti vA, zre yAva ne tahappagArA savve te jIva abhivayaNA / bhagavatI sU0 sa0 20, 302 sU0 7 2. satatamatati gacchati jAnIte pariNamatIti cAtmA / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM0 TIkA0 pR0 190 3. ...paann-bhuut-jiiv-sttaa.....| bhagavatI0 sa0 1.3.10. sU0 1-2. pR0 70 4 sato bhAvaH sattvam, sa eva san bhavati / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM0 pR0 190 .

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148 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana haiM ki jo sadA thA, aura sadA hotA hai vaha bhUta hai / puruSa zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki jo purI arthAt zarIra meM AvAsa karatA hai vaha puruSa hai| jo milatA hai aura alaga-alaga hotA hai athavA jo utpatti-vinAza ko prApta hotA hai vaha pudgala hai / 3 jIva meM zarIra rUpa se vaha saba kriyA meM hotI hai isIlie usako pudgala kahA hai| AtmA ke lie jantu zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue siMhasUri kahate haiM ki jo jisa bhAva ko prApta hotA hai, vaha jantu hai|4 pA~ca indriya man, vAk, kAya, tIna bala tathA Ayu aura zvAsozvAsa ina dasa prANoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha prANI kahalAtA hai / 5 ina prANoM ke sAtha jo jiyA thA aura jItA hai, jIva kahalatA hai | isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yadyapi A0 mallavAdI ke mUla grantha meM AtmA ke sabhI paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI spaSTa vyAkhyA prastuta nahIM kI kintu unake TIkAkAra siMhasUri ne AtmA ke lie jina-jina zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hai una sabakI eka samyag vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| A0 mallavAdI ne dvAdazAranayacakra meM sarvAtmavAda kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta kiyA hai / zuklayajurveda se eka zloka ko uddhRta karate hue kahate haiM ki yaha saba-kucha jo hai, yA aura hogA vaha puruSa hI hai| isa taraha sarvAtmavAda ke mata kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| yadyapi hameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se samajha lenA cAhie ki yaha mantavya mallavAdI kI apanI paramparA kA nahIM hai kintu unhoMne sarvAtmavAda kA 1. bhUtastathA sadA bhavatIti vA / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM0 pR0 190 2. purizayanAt puruSaH / vahI0 pR0 190 3. pUraNAda galanAMcca pudgalaH pumAMsaM gilatIti vA pudgalaH, jIva zarIratayA vibhajya bhoktRbhogyabhAvAd vRddhihAnibhyAmutpattivinAzAbhyAM pUraNa galanAbhyAmityarthaH / vahI0 pR0 190 4. jAyate taistai vairiti jantuH / vahI0 pR0 190 5. paJcendriyamanovAkkAyabalAyurucchAsaniHzvAsAkhya dazaprANadhAraNAt prANI jIva iti / vahI0 pR0 190 6. puruSa evedaM sarvaM yadbhUtaM yacca bhAvyam / utAmRtatvasyezAno yadannenAtirohati // zukla yaju0 saM0 31.2, uddhRta0 dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 189

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AtmA kI avadhAraNA 149 prastutIkaraNa karate hue unake mantavya ko hI prastuta kiyA hai / sAtha hI sarvAtmavAda ko mAnane para jo dArzanika kaThinAI utpanna hotI hai usakA citraNa A0 mallavAdI aura unake TIkAkAra siMhasUri ne kiyA hai / 1 aura punaH sarvAtmavAda kI ora se una samasyAoM kA uttara bhI diyA hai; yadi sabhI AtmA hI hai to AtmA svayaM AtmA ke dvArA kaise sRjana karegA, kaise saMhAra karegA aura kaise bandhana meM AyegA tathA kaise mukta hogA? jisa prakAra aMguli kA agrabhAga aMguli kA sparza nahIM kara sakatA aura jisa prakAra talavAra svayaM ko kATa nahIM sakatI usI prakAra sarvAtmavAda kI avadhAraNA meM sarjana, saMhAra, bandhana-mokSa Adi sambhava nahIM hoMge aura hameM zaktibheda ke AdhAra para kArakabheda ko mAnanA hogA / isake uttara meM sarvAtmavAda kI ora se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra se rezama kITa svayaM hI apanA bandhana taiyAra karatA hai aura svayaM hI mukta hotA hai usI prakAra AtmA bhI svayaM hI bandhana meM AtA hai aura svayaM hI mukta hotA hai aura svayaM hI sRSTi karatA hai aura svayaM hI saMhAra karatA hai / ata: yaha jo kucha hai saba AtmA hai yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahI AtI hai| ___aupaniSadika sarvAtmavAda kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta karate hue AcArya mallavAdI Age kahate haiM ki vaha puruSa apane svarUpa kA parityAga nahIM karate hue bhI aneka rUpa meM abhivyakta hotA hai / vaha cetana acetana Adi aneka rUpa haiM / 3 Age ve zuklayajurveda kI eka kArikA ko uddhata karate hue yaha kahate haiM ki vaha calatA hai, spandana karatA bhI hai aura spandana nahIM bhI karatA, vaha dUra bhI hai aura dUra nahIM bhI, vaha sabhI ke antara meM upasthita hai aura vaha 1. puruSa evedaM sarvaM yadbhUtaM yacca bhAvyam / utAmRtatvasyezAno yadannenAtirohati // zukla yaju0 saM0 31.2, uddhRta0 dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 247-260 2. ataeva tasya sarvatvasamprasiddhayA AtmAdyAkhyatA, mRdanuttIrNaghaTa piTharAdivad, bhvastyarthAdibhyaH sarvasyAnuttarAt sarvasyAsAdAtmA svarUpaM tattvamityarthaH / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 190 3. vahI0 pR0 191-192

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150 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana sabhI se vAhya hai / 1 siMhasUri ne isakI jainadRSTi se vyAkhyA kI hai / 2 Age A0 mallavAdI ke AtmA ke vAcaka arhat zabda3 kI vyAkhyA karate hue arhat zabda ko pAvana artha meM grahaNa kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki vizuddhi aura prakarSa vizeSa ke kAraNa vaha devatA ke artha meM bhI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| siMhasUri ne isakI TIkA meM ahat, buddha, brahmA, viSNu, vardhamAna Adi zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| vaha likhate haiM ki sarvaloka dvArA viziSTa pUjA ke yogya hone ke kAraNa use arhat kahA jAtA hai / 5 bodha ko prApta karane ke kAraNa use buddha kahA jAtA hai / 6 vRddhi karane ke kAraNa vaha vardhamAna kahalAtA hai| bRhat hone se use brahmA kahA gayA hai / 8 vizvarUpI AtmA ke kAraNa use viSNu kahA gayA hai / sarva padArthoM meM vyApta hone ke kAraNa bhI viSNu kahalAtA hai / 10 svAmI hone ke kAraNa use Izvara kahA jAtA hai / 11 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya siMhasUri ne zuddha AtmabhAva ke vAcaka vibhinna zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karake vibhinna dharma aura dArzanika paramparAoM ke bIca samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| A0 mallavAdI ne saMsAra rUpI kriyA ke karane ke kAraNa AtmA ko - 1. tadejati tanaijati naddUre tadupAntike / ___ tadantarasya sarvasya tadu sarvasyAsya bAhyataH // zuklayaju0 vA0 saM0 40 / 5, dvAdazAraM nayacakra0 pR0 192 2. vahI0 pR0 192 3. arhaNa bodhanetyadivizuddhi prakarSavizeSAda devatApi sa eva, yAvadarhannapi bhavatIti sambhAvyate / vahI0 pR0 192 4. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 192 5. arhati sarvalokAtizayapUjA ityarhan / vahI0 pR0 192 6. vudhyata iti buddhaH / vahI0 pR0 192 7. vardhanAd vRhattvAd brahmA vardhamAno vA / vahI0 pR0 192 8. vardhanAd vRhattvAd brahmA vardhamAno vA / vahI0 pR0 192 9. vyApnotIti viSNurjJAnAtmanaiva sarvAnarthAn / vahI0 pR0 192 10. vahI0 pR0 192 11. IzanAdIzvaraH / vahI0 pR0 192

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AtmA kI avadhAraNA 151 kartA kahA hai / sAtha hI yaha jAnanA cAhie ki vaha jJAtA bhI hai aura yadi vaha jJAtA hai to vaha svatantra bhI hai / AtmA ko aniSTa kA ApAdana nahIM karane ke kAraNa vidvAn rAjA ke kAraNa svatantra kahA gayA hai / AtmA sambandhI ina avadhAraNAoM ke virodha meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadi AtmA ko jJAtA aura svatantra nahIM mAnA jAtA to vaha nidrAvasthA ko prApta vyakti ke samAna vaha koI kriyA bhI nahIM kara sktaa| AtmA meM svatantratA aura kartRtva donoM ko svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai anyathA niyativAda kA prazna upasthita hogA / punaH yadi AtmA ko kartA nahIM mAnA jAyegA to phira AtmA meM aura acetana sattA meM koI antara nahIM raha jaayegaa| ata: yadi hama AtmA ko kartA nahIM mAneMge to use acetana mAnanA hogaa| svatantratA aura kartRtva AtmA ke do aise svarUpa haiM jinake abhAva meM AtmA ke svarUpa meM hAni hotI hai / yadi AtmA ko karttA mAnakara bhI svatantra nahIM mAnate haiM to phira usake kartRtva kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jAtA hai, aura punaH niyativAda kA prasaMga AtA hai, kyoMki phira niyati ko hI kartA mAnanA par3egA / svatantratA aura kartRtva yaha donoM aisI avadhAraNA haiM ki jinake abhAva meM bandhana aura niyati ke uttaradAyitva kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki koI bhI vyakti kisI acche-bure kArya ke lie taba hI uttaradAyI ho sakatA hai jaba usane vaha kArya kiyA ho / mAtra itanA hI nahIM usake lie yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki usane vaha kArya svatantrarUpa se kiyA ho / kyoMki jo kArya bAdhyatA ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai usake lie vyakti ko uttaradAyI nahI mAnA jA sakatA hai / ekAntarUpa se niyati ko svIkAra karane para na kevala puruSArtha kI hAni hogI apitu samasta naitika aura dhAmika sAdhanAe~ bhI nirarthaka ho jAyeMgI / yadyapi AtmA ko pUrNataH svatantra bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki use hama pUrNataH svatantra mAneMge to karma niyama kI vyavasthA samApta ho jAyegI aura usI sthita meM naitika uttaradAyitva kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM ho pAyegI / vyakti ke jIvana meM vaise aneka tathya haiM jo usake AcAra aura jIvana ko pramANita karate haiM / kAraNa, svabhAva 1. vahI0 pR0 192-193

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152 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana Adi kA bhI apanA sthAna aura mahattva hai / AtmA kI svatantratA kI carcA karate hae ina tathyoM ko bhI dRSTigata rakhanA pdd'egaa| isI prakAra yaha satya hai ki AtmA kartA hai, yadi hama eka svatantra dRSTi se vicAra kareMge to yaha adhika se adhika apane bhAva kA hI kartA ho sakatA hai / zarIra Adi ke mAdhyama se jo kriyA hotI hai usameM vyakti kA prayatna hote hue bhI kisI sImA taka ve parAzrita to haiM hI / isa carcA ke prasaMga meM hameM yaha smaraNa meM rakhanA cAhie ki ve (AcArya mallavAdI) apane koI nizcita siddhAnta pradAna nahIM karate haiM / mAtra vaha vibhinna avadhAraNA hai, usake prastuta karate hue usake sambhAvita doSoM kA bhI digdarzana karAte haiM / yadyapi vaha spaSTarUpa se kisI siddhAnta kA pratipAdana nahIM karate haiM kintu isakA phalita yaha hai ki ina dArzanika matavAdoM meM jo bhI ekAntadRSTi hai vaha saba sadoSa hai aura anekAntadRSTi hI nirdoSa hai yaha digdarzana kara dete haiN| A0 mallavAdI ne jahA~ dvitIya ara meM puruSa dvaitavAda yA sarvAtmavAda kI sthApanA kI vahIM tRtIya ara meM unhoMne sarvAtmavAda yA puruSAdvaitavAda kA nirasana bhI kiyA hai / isa ara meM unhoMne AtmA ke sarvagatatva yA AtmA ke sarvavyApakatva kA bhI nirAsa kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI puruSa ke ekatva, anyatva, avAcyatva kA bhI nirAsa kiyA hai / mallavAdI ke anusAra AtmA kA lakSaNa upayoga hai / 2 yadi hama sarvAtmavAda kA grahaNa karate haiM to hameM pudgala ko bhI AtmA rUpa mAnanA hogaa| isa sambandha meM koI yaha tarka kara sakatA hai ki yadi upayoga hI AtmA kA lakSaNa hai to mati Adi jJAna bhI AtmA kI kriyA hone se upayoga yukta hoMge / punaH yadi mati Adi jJAna upayogavAna haiM to phira mati vikala jJAna ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM karma pudgala bhI upayoga lakSaNavAle hoMge / yadi AtmA upayoga lakSaNavAlA hai to rUpAdi Arambhika bhAva hone se upayoga lakSaNavAle hoMge aura rUpAdi kA unake viSaya pudgala Adi se tAdAtmya hone 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 247--259 2. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 362 3. vahI, pR0 362-363

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AtmA kI avadhAraNA 153 se use bhI upayoga lakSaNavAlA mAnanA par3egA / aura isa prakAra sarva AtmavAda kA prasaMga A jAyegA / ataH yadyapi AtmA aura karma meM tAdAtmya hai kintu vaha ekAnta rUpa se nahIM hai / AtmA aura karma kathaJcit abhinna aura kathaJcit bhinna haiM / unako pUrNataH abhinna nahIM kahA jA sakatA / vastutaH AtmA aura karma meM pUrNataH abhinnatA aura pUrNataH bhinnatA donoM hI mAnane para tArkika asaMgatiyA~ AtI haiM / samasta AtmavyApAroM meM yadi karma ko hI ekamAtra kAraNa mAnA jAya to puruSArtha kI hAni hogI / aura yadi puruSArtha ko hI ekamAtra kAraNa mAnA jAya to puruSArtha ke kAraNa jo upalabdhiyA~ honI cAhie~ unameM jo bAdhA AtI hai usakI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hogI / AtmA meM jo audAyikAdi bhAva utpanna hote haiM ve mAtra AtmA ke upayoga lakSaNa ke kAraNa nahIM haiM, usameM kisI sImA taka karma bhI kArya-kAraNa ke rUpa meM kArya karatA hai | ataH AtmA aura karma ko na to pUrNataH bhinna kahA jAtA hai aura na pUrNata: abhinna hI / 3 A0 mallavAdI ne isake sAtha-sAtha AtmA ke pudgala, AkAza, dharma, adharma ke pArasparika sambandha ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / ve caturtha vidhiniyama ara meM likhate haiM ki yadi avagAha lakSaNa kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to AtmA, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza sabhI eka kSetrAvagAhI hone ke kAraNa paraspara ekatatva ko prApta haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to ve apane viziSTa lakSaNoM kI dRSTi se alaga-alaga hokara bhI eka kSetrAvagAhI hone ke kAraNa eka hI tatva ke bheda kahe jA sakate haiM / yadi avagAhaka avagAhya aura avagAha avibhakta hone se eka rUpa hI hai yA eka hI hai to phira dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya meM bheda mAnanA mithyA hogA aura isa prakAra sarvAtmakatA ke siddhAnta ko bala milegA kintu svasattA ke astitva kI dRSTi se eka hote hue bhI apane vizadatva ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna 1. vahI, pR0 363 2. vahI, pR0 370 3. vahI, pR0 371-372 4. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 369 - 370

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154 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana hI hai na kevala yaha bhinnatA vibhinna astikAyoM yA dravya meM hai apitu pudgala AtmA Adi dravya eka na hokara aneka haiM, yadi sabhI ko eka mAneMge to phira ghaTa-paTAdi kI eka-dUsare se vyAvRtti nahIM ho pAyegI / ata: cetana aura acetana tattva bhI cAhe vaha eka kSetrAvagAhI hoM cAhe vaha sat yA astitva lakSaNa kI dRSTi se eka hoM phira unameM paraspara vyAvRtti bhI mAnanI hogI / vastutaH jo eka hai vahI aneka bhI hai, prAgabhAva, dhvaMsAbhAva, anyonyAbhAva Adi kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para eka hI vyakti bAla, kumAra Adi anekatA se yukta hotA hai / A0 mallavAdI ne AtmAdvaita kA nirasana karate hue isa tathya kI puSTi kI hai ki abheda meM bheda aura bheda meM abheda rahA huA hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM bha0 mahAvIra se yaha prazna kiyA gayA thA ki vaha eka hai yA aneka hai ? bha0 mahAvIra ne anekAnta zailI meM isakA uttara yahI diyA thA ki maiM eka bhI hU~ aura aneka bhI hU~ / 2 A0 mallavAdI ne apane isa grantha dvAdazAranayacakra meM sarvAtmavAda aura puruSadvaitavAda kI sthApanA bhI kI hai aura usakI samIkSA bhI kI hai| sattA meM ekatva aura anekatva kA eka aisA prazna hai jisakA ekAntavAda vAlI zailI meM koI bhI uttara nahIM hai, vastutaH jo eka hai vahI aneka hai aura jo aneka haiM vahI eka haiN| jaina AgamoM meM jahA~ taka eka ora 'ege AyA'3 kA udghoSa huA hai vahIM dUsarI ora 'saMti pANA puDhosiyA'4 kahakara pratyeka jIva kI alagaalaga sattA bhI svIkAra kI gaI hai / isa prakAra ekAtmavAda aura aneka jIvavAda donoM hI jIvavAda kA anekAnta zailI meM eka samAdhAna khojA gayA hai| 1. vahI, pR0 370-371 2. somilA davvaTThayAe ege ahaM, nANadaMsaNaTThayAe duvihe ahaM, .....uvayogaTThayAe aNegabhUyabhAvabhavie vi ahaM / 3. egeAyA0 / samavAyAMgasUtra pR0 5 4. AcArAMgasUtra0 a0 2.3. // sU0 bhagavatI0 1.8.10

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dazama adhyAya zabdArtha sambandha kI samasyA cintana bhASA para AdhArita hotA hai aura bhASA kI abhivyakti sAmarthya zabda aura usake vAcyArtha ke sambandha para nirbhara karatI hai| yahI kAraNa rahA hai ki bhAratIya cintakoM ne ati prAcInakAla se zabda aura usake vAcyArtha ke sambandha kI samasyA para vicAra kiyA hai / yaha sunizcita tathya hai ki zabda cAhe vaha dhvani rUpa meM ho yA vaha likhita rUpa meM ho kinhIM vAcya viSayoM yA vAcyArtha kA dhvanyAtmaka yA aMkita pratIka hotA hai / zabda kI yaha pratIkAtmakatA hI usako vAcyArthoM ke sAtha jor3atI hai / kintu zabda aura usake vAcyArtha ke madhya kisa prakAra kA sambandha rahA hai isa sambandha meM hameM aneka paraspara virodhI dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiM / __ zabda evaM artha ke sambandha meM eka dRSTikoNa bauddhoM kA hai-ve yaha mAnate haiM ki zabda aura vAcya viSaya yA vAcyArtha meM koI bhI yathArtha sambandha nahIM hai| isa dRSTikoNa ke samarthana meM bauddha AcAryoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki zabda vikalpa mAtra hai, usakI utpatti vikalpa se hotI hai aura isalie yaha apane artha kA sparza karane meM asamartha hai / yadyapi yahA~ yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki yadi zabda meM apane artha kA sparza karane kI pravRtti nahIM hai to phira bhASA kA prayojana hI kyA hai ? yadi zabda aura unake vAcya-viSaya yA vAcyArtha meM kisI bhI prakAra kA sambandha nahIM mAnA jAtA hai to phira bhASA 1. vikalpayonayaH zabdA vikalpAH zabdayonayaH / - dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 547.

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156 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana kI utpatti hI sambhava nahIM hogI / kintu bhASA aura usake prayoga se honevAlA arthabodha yahI batAtA hai ki zabda aura usake vAcyArtha meM kisI na kisI prakAra kA sambandha hai / zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya-sambandha kI mImAMsakoM kI avadhAraNA cAhe hameM amAnya ho kintu zabda aura artha meM kisI bhI prakAra kA sambandha nahIM hai yaha mAnanA bhASA ke prayojana ko hI samApta kara detA hai / isake AdhAra para bhASA kI vAcyatA sAmarthya para prazna cihna laga jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa thA ki bauddha AcAryoM ne bhASA kI upayogitA para vicAra karate hue zabda aura usake vAcyArtha ke sambandha ke prasaMga meM apohavAda kI sthApanA kI / ' unakA kathana hai ki yadyapi zabda apane vAcyArtha kA kathana nahIM karatA kintu vaha usake sambandha meM anya vAcyArthoM kA niSedha karatA hai / isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki apAra kI avadhAraNA bhI zabda ke vAcyArtha ke nirdhAraNa meM sahayoga to avazya hI karatI hai / zabda aura usake vAcyArtha ko lekara bauddha paramparA jisa apohavAda kA pratipAdana karatI hai, usakI mUlabhUta mAnyatA yaha hai ki zabda vAcya viSaya ke sandarbha meM anya arthoM kA niSedha karake zabda ke vAcyArtha ke samIpa avazya pahu~cA detA hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra 'go' zabda kA artha itanA hI hai ki azva nahIM hai / mahiSa nahIM hai Adi / mallavAdI ne apane grantha dvAdazAra nayacakra meM isa apohavAda kI avadhAraNA kI vicAraNA kI hai / 2 / / bauddhoM ke isa apohavAda ke virodha meM mImAMsakoM kA dRSTikoNa AtA hai jo yaha mAnakara calatA hai ki zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya sambandha hai / zabda aura usakA vAcyArtha eka hI hai / isa siddhAnta ke anusAra zabda meM svataH hI apane vAcyArtha kA bodha karane kA sAmarthya hotA hI hai kyoMki ve donoM abhinna hote haiM / jaina aura bauddha dArzanikoM ne isa mata kI samIkSA karate hue yaha kahA hai ki yadi zabda aura artha meM pUrNataH tAdAtmya hai to phira agni zabda ke uccAraNa se yA zravaNa se jalana kI anubhUti honI cAhie / modaka zabda ke uccAraNa yA zravaNa se nipRtva kI anubhUti honI cAhie, kintu pratyakSa 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 607. 2. vahI, pR0 607.

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157 zabdArtha sambandha kI samasyA anubhavoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddhAnta samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotaa| - jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM zabda aura artha meM na to ekAnta rUpa se bhinnatA hai aura na ekAnta rUpa se abhinnatA / yadi zabda apane artha kA sparza hI na karate hoM to phira bhASA kI prayojanazIlatA para hI prazna cihna laga jAtA hai| dUsarI ora zabda aura artha ko abhinna mAnane para usakA anubhUti virodha AtA hai / ataH donoM mata yuktisaMgata pratIta nahIM hote haiM / jaina dArzanikoM ne zabda aura usake vAcyArtha ke sambandha meM yadyapi tadrUpatA aura tadutpatti kA sambandha nahIM mAnA phira bhI ve donoM meM vAcyavAcaka sambandha ko svIkAra karate haiM aura isa prakAra ve bauddhoM ke usa siddhAnta se ki zabda artha kA sparza hI nahIM karate apane ko alaga rUpa meM sthApita karate haiM / jaina dArzanikoM kA kathana hai ki yadi zabda aura usake vAcyArtha meM koI sambandha hI nahIM ho to phira zabda ko sunakara vAcya vastu kA smaraNa kisa prakAra hotA hai ? yaha ThIka hai ki zabda ke uccAraNa yA zravaNa se hameM usa vastu kI anubhUtiyA~ nahIM hotI kintu anubhUti kA smaraNa to avazya hI hotA hai / yahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se eka nayA prazna upasthita hotA hai ki zabda apane artha kA bodha kisa prakAra karAte haiM ? isa sambandha meM bauddhoM ne zabda kA sAmAnya ke sAtha tadutpatti lakSaNa sambandha mAnA aura yaha mAnA ki sAmAnya kA vizeSa ke sAtha ekatva adhyavasAya hone se zabda kA vizeSa ke sAtha sAkSAt sambandha na hone para zabda ko sunakara vastu vizeSa kA bodha aura vastu vizeSa ko dekhakara vastu vizeSa kA bodha ho jAtA hai / kintu unake darzana meM jo sAmAnya ke mAdhyama se zabda aura artha vizeSa meM jo sambandha banAne kA prayatna karate haiM vaha sAmAnya bhI vAstavika nahIM hai / punaH usakA pratyakSa nirvikalpa hai / dUsare zabda meM vaha zabda saMsarga se rahita hai / kyoMki bhASA vikalpa para AdhArita hai / ataH bauddhoM ke anusAra na to artha ko dekhakara usake vAcaka zabda kA bodha ho sakatA hai aura na to zabda ko sunakara usake artha kA bodha ho sakatA hai / zabda aura artha ko lekara cAhe hama tAdAtmya tadutpatti sambandha na mAneM kintu hameM vAcya-vAcaka sambandha to mAnanA hogaa|

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158 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana zabda se artha kA bodha kisa prakAra hotA hai ? isa samasyA ke samAdhAna meM vaiyAkaraNoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / unakA siddhAnta sphoTavAda kahalAtA hai / AcArya mallavAdI ne vaiyAkaraNoM ke isa siddhAnta kI vistRta samIkSA kI hai / ataH isa siddhAnta ke sAmAnya svarUpa ko samajha lenA Avazyaka hai / vaiyAkaraNikoM ke anusAra pada yA vAkya ko sunakara pada yA vAkya ke vAcyArtha kA eka samanvita citra khar3A hotA hai vahI sphoTa hai| zabda ke vAcyArtha ko pragaTa karanevAlA tattva hI sphoTa kahalAtA hai / 'sphuTati artho yasmAt sa sphoTaH' / hama dekhate haiM ki sphoTavAdiyoM ne kisI sImA taka mImAMsakoM aura bauddhoM kI avadhAraNA meM rahI huI kaThinAIyoM ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| vastutaH zabda se jisakA bodha hotA hai vaha bhautika artha nahIM apitu buddhyartha hai / vaha sphoTa dhvaniyoM ke zravaNa se janmA eka mAnasa bodha hai| dhvani to anitya hai vaha utpanna hokara naSTa ho jAtI hai, ataH vaha arthabodha karAne meM asamartha hai / vastutaH dhvani ko sunakara mAnasa meM jo artha kA bodha hotA hai vahI artha kA bodha hai / dhvani kramazaH hotI hai / pratyeka dhvani se eka prakAra kA saMskAra utpanna hotA hai / usa saMskAra se sahakRta antya varNa ke zravaNa se eka mAnasika varNa kI pratIti utpanna hotI hai / cetanA meM eka mAnasa pratibimba khar3A hotA hai aura vahI sphoTa hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vaiyAkaraNiyoM ne zabda kA vAcya bhautika artha na mAnakara buddhyartha ko mAnA kintu kaThinAI yaha hai ki unakA yaha buddhyartha yA dhvani ke smaraNa se utpanna honevAlA mAnasa pratibimba kA bAhya jagat kI yathArtha vastu ke sAtha kisa prakAra sambandha hai yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai| unhoMne zabda aura usake bhautika vAcyArtha ke madhya eka setu banAne kA prayAsa to kiyA kintu ve isa prayatna meM kitane saphala hue yaha gahana samIkSA kA viSaya hai jisa para hama Age carcA kareMge / kintu yahA~ itanA avazya batA denA cAhate haiM ki bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne zabda aura usake vAcyArtha ko lekara jo vibhinna mata prastuta kie haiM unake mUla meM kahIM na kahIM. artha ke artha ko lekara hI matabheda hai| kisI ke anusAra artha bhautika hai, kisI ke anusAra artha bhautika vastu kA mAnasika pratibimba hai to kisI ke anusAra artha mAtra

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159 zabdArtha sambandha kI samasyA caitasika hai| zabdAdvaitavAdI pakSa ke siddhAnta ko sthApita karate hue AcArya mallavAdI ne bhartRharikRta vAkyapadIya grantha kI kArikAe~ uddhRta kI haiM / kahA gayA hai ki abhijalpatvavAna zabda hI zabdArtha hai / zabda kA artha ke sAtha tAdAtmya pracalita hone se tat tat zabda kA tat tat artha hai aisA bodha hotA hai, isI ko abhijalpa mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ ukta vAda kA kahanA hai ki zabda kA artha ke sAtha tAdAtmya hai aura artha meM pRthak zakti hotI nahIM hai vaha zabdAdhIna hote haiM / zabda meM hI zakti hai, artha zaktirahita hotA hai / 2 / ukta vAda kI samIkSA karate hue AcArya mallavAdI ne prazna uThAyA hai ki Apa yaha mAnate haiM ki vAhyArtha se pRthak zakti nahIM hai, vaha zabdAdhIna hai taba to Apane svayaM hI apane kathana dvArA zabda se bhinna zakti nAma kI vastu yA zaktivAle artha kI sattA ko svIkAra kara liyA hai / 3 yadi Apa zabda aura artha meM bheda nahIM mAneMge taba bhI aneka doSa AyeMge / yathA zabda dvArA artha kA bodha bheda mAnane para hI sambhava hai abheda mAnane para zabda kA artha ke sAtha abheda ho jAne se bodha nahIM ho pAyegA / AdhAra Adheya rUpa bheda hone ke kAraNa hI usameM idaM zabda vAcyatva siddha hotA hai / vastu zabda zakti kA AdhAra hai / zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yogyo'nurUpaH zabdaH / arthAt yogya ke anurUpa ho vaha zabda hai, aisA kahane para yogya zabda se vAhyArtha kI siddhi hotI hai, usa artha ke anurUpa hI zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| isa prakAra zabda hI kevala tattva hai aisA mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| zabda kA prayoga bhI artha ke anurUpa hI hotA hai / artha ke anurUpa zabda prayoga na mAnA jAya taba to vacana kI pravRtti hI nirarthaka ho jAyegI / itanA hI nahIM yaha bhI prazna uThegA ki artha ke abhAva meM zabda dvArA kisakI vivakSA hogI? vAkyapadIya-2. 127. 1. zabdo vApyabhijalpatvamAgato yAti vAcyatAm / 2. so yamityabhisaMbaMdhAt rUpamekIkRtaM yadA / __ zabdasyArthena taM zabdamabhijalpaM pracakSate // 3. tatra vastu tAvadanenaiva tvadvacanena zabdAdanyat siddham / 4. vahI0 pR0 583. vahI0 2.128. dvAdazAraM nayacakra0 pR0 583.

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dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana sAtha-sAtha arthAbhAva meM vivakSA mAtra se zabda kI zakti kA AdhAna honA saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH zabda se bhinna zaktivAn artha yA zaktisvarUpa artha kA svIkAra Avazyaka hai / / vaiyAkaraNoM ke eka anya pakSa ko upasthita karate hue AcArya mallavAdI kahate haiM ki artha meM hI sarvazakti haiM aura ve zakti zabda ke AdhIna haiM / 2 isa pakSa kI samIkSA karate hue AcArya kahate haiM ki Apa artha meM sarvazakti mAneMge to vaha jainadarzana ke mata kA hI anusaraNa ho jAyegA / jainadarzana meM eka dravya meM ananta paryAya mAnI gaI haiN| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue siMhasenasUri kahate haiM ki jainadarzana meM eka-eka dravya meM ananta paryAya mAnI gaI haiM / sApekSa aura nirapekSa pariNAma ko paryAya mAnA gayA hai / zakti aura payArya donoM paryAvAcI zabda haiM / anyonyAnugata zakti vAlA hone ke kAraNa dravya ko bhI sarvazaktimAn mAnA gayA hai| sanmati prakaraNa meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki dUdha aura pAnI kI taraha anyonya meM otaprota padArtha meM yaha aura vaha aisA vibhAga karanA yogya nahIM hai / jitane vizeSa paryAya hoM utanA avibhAga samajhanA cAhie / isa prakAra sarvazaktimAna vAda ko svIkAra karane para jainadarzana ke siddhAnta kA Azraya lenA par3egA / ataH zabda se bhinna artha 1. tasmAdarthAt siddhAt pazcAd bhavati zabdaH / yathArtharUpaM tathA hi sayogya: zabdastasyArthasya vAcakaH / arthanibandhanA hi vivakSA, itarathA vacanasya pravRttyasambhavAt / ... na ca vivakSAmAtreNa zabda: zrotabuddhau tAM tAM zaktimAdhAtuM zaknoti / evaM cAneva tvadvacanenaiva vizeSa lakSaNAH zaktayaH parigRhItA eva tvayA / vahI0 pR0 583-584. 2. azakteH sarvazaktervA zabdaireva prklpitaa| ekasmArthasya niyatA kriyAdiparikalpanA || vAkyapadIyaM0 2. 131. 3. paramArthatastu vAda paramezvaravAda evAyam, ekaikadravyAnantaparyAyatvAt / / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 585. 4. vahI, TIkA, pR0 585. 5. aNNoNNANugatANaM imaM va taM vatti vihyaNamayuttaM / jaghaM duddha- pANiyANaM jAvaMti vizeSapajjAyA / sanmati0 1.47.

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zabdArtha sambandha kI samasyA 161 kA svIkAra karanA cAhie yaha anubhavagamya bhI hai| tattvArthasUtra bhASya meM zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki jaisA artha hai usI taraha kA kathana karanA zabda hai / isase bhI yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki zabda aura artha bhinna-bhinna haiM / abhijalpa ko hI zabdArtha mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / isa viSaya meM Upara kahA gayA hai / ataH yaha siddha hotA hai ki zabda se bhinna artha hai / 2 bhAratIya cintana meM zabda aura artha ke sambandha ko lekara yaha jo virodhI dRSTikoNa bane DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra usake mUla meM artha kA artha na samajhane kI bhrAnti rahI huI hai / saMskRta bhASA kA artha zabda eka ora padArtha kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai to dUsarI ora vaha artha zabda ke artha arthAt vAcyArtha kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai / yahA~ eka hI artha zabda do arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai / eka artha meM vaha vastu ko sUcita karatA hai to dUsarI ora tAtparya ko / jaba bauddha dArzanika yaha kahatA hai ki zabda artha kA sparza nahIM karate to artha se unakA tAtparya vastu se hotA hai / kintu usake viparIta mImAMsaka zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya sambandha mAnate haiM, artha se unakA prayojana zabda ke tAtparya se hotA hai / ata: donoM hI mata pUrNatayA asaMgata to nahIM kahe jA sakate kyoMki yaha satya hai ki zabda aura unake vAcya viSaya meM eka bhinnatA hotI hai / agni zabda agni nAmaka vastu se bhinna hai kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki zabda aura unake tAtparya meM eka tAdAtmya yA abhinnatA hotI hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki jaina dArzanikoM ne zabdArtha sambandha kI carcA karate hue unheM kathaJcit bhinna aura kathaJcit abhinna mAnA hai / yadi artha se hama vastu yA padArtha ko grahaNa karate haiM to vaha zabda se bhinna hotA hai| kintu artha se hama tAtparya kA grahaNa karate haiM to vaha zabda se abhinna hotA hai / isalie zabdArtha sambandha ko lekara kathaJcit bhinnatA aura abhinnatA ko lekara jo jaina avadhAraNA hai vaha adhika yuktisaMgata aura anubhUti ke stara para satya pratIta hotI hai| tattvArthabhASya0 1. 35. 1. yathArthAbhidhAnaM ca zabdaH / 2. dvAdazAra nayacakraM, pR0 594. 3. jainabhASAdarzana-pariziSTa 'ka'

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162 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana isa jaina dRSTikoNa ko AdhAra banAkara A0 mallavAdI ne apane grantha dvAdazAra nayacakra meM zabdArtha sambandha ko lekara jo vibhinna dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiM unakI samIkSA kI hai| sarvaprathama unhoMne isa mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai ki zabda mAtra sAmAnya ke vAcaka haiM / sAmAnya kI vAstavika sattA nahIM hai| isalie zabda kA tAtparya yA zabda kA vAcyArtha kevala nAma hai / jainadArzanika mallavAdI isa nAmavAda kI, jo bauddhoM kA hI eka vizeSa siddhAnta hai, samIkSA karake usake virodha meM bhartRhari ke mata kA pratipAdana karate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM zabda mAtra nAma hai isa mata kA khaNDana karake zabda apane artha kA kathana karate haiM, isa prakAra ke bhartRhari ke siddhAnta ko sthApita karate haiM kintu mallavAdI kI dRSTi meM bhartRhari kA yaha siddhAnta bhI samucita nahIM hai / isa mata kA khaNDana karane ke lie ve jainoM ke hI sthApanA dravyadravyArtha ke rUpa meM zabda ke vAcyArtha ko sthApita karate haiM / yahA~ ve yaha batAte haiM ki jo yathArtha kA abhidhAna karatA hai vahI zabda hai| kintu Age calakara ve isa mata kI bhI samIkSA karake zabda kA vAcyArtha bhAva nikSepa ko siddha karate haiN| dUsare zabda meM ve yaha batAte haiM ki zabda sthApanA aura dravya kA bhI vAcaka na hokara bhAva yA kriyA kA vAcaka hotA hai, isa sandarbha meM ve jaina-paramparA ke nikSepa siddhAnta ke nAma nikSepa, sthApanA nikSepa, dravya nikSepa aura bhAva nikSepa kI samIkSA karate haiM aura punaH zabda kA vAcyArtha vyakti hai yA jAti isa prazna ko khar3A karate haiM / isI prasaMga meM ve diGnAga praNIta apohavAda ke siddhAnta kA ati vistAra se khaNDana karate haiM / apohavAda kA khaNDana karane ke pazcAt ve anta meM punaH zabda ke vAcya viSaya sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI carcA prArambha karake donoM ke samanvaya meM zabda ke vAcyArtha ko sUcita karate haiM /

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ekAdaza adhyAya sattA kI vAcyatA kA prazna prANiyoM meM apanI anubhUtiyoM aura bhAvanA kI abhivyakti eka sahaja pravRtti hai / manuSya meM yaha pravRtti adhika vikasita rUpa meM pAI jAtI hai / sAmAnyatayA anya prANI apanI bhAvanAoM aura anubhUti kI abhivyakti bAtoM, zArIrika saMketoM dvArA yA to dhvani saMketa dvArA karate haiN| inhIM saMketoM dvArA manuSyoM ne bhASA kA vikAsa kiyA / manuSya zabda-pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se jo ki sArthaka dhvani saMketoM ke rUpa haiM apane vicAroM evaM bhAvoM kI abhivyakti karatA hai / ye sArthaka dhvani - saMketa hI bhASA kA rUpa grahaNa karate haiM / manuSya ne vyaktiyoM, vastuoM, tathyoM, ghaTanAoM, bhAvanAoM evaM kriyAoM ke lie kucha zabda - pratIka banA lie haiM / bhASA inhIM zabda- pratIkoM kA eka suniyojita khela hai / ina zabdapratIkoM meM apane vAcya viSaya ko abhivyakta karane kI zakti mAnI jAtI hai, kintu ye zabda - pratIka apane vAcya viSaya kA kisa sImA taka aura kisa rUpa se abhivyakta kara pAte haiM yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna rahA hai / sAmAnyatayA bhASA inhIM zabda pratIkoM kI eka niyamabaddha vyavasthA hai jo vaktA ke dvArA saMprazriya bhAvoM kA jJAna zrotA ko karAtI hai / bhASA meM prayukta zabda- pratIka kisa sImA taka apane vAcya viSayoM se yA vAcyArtha se sambandhita hote haiM isa viSaya meM hama pUrva adhyAya zabdArtha sambandha meM vicAra kara cuke haiN| yahA~ hama mukhya rUpa se yaha dekhane kA prayAsa kareMge ki bhASA meM prayukta zabda pratIkoM kI apane artha 1. jainabhASAdarzana, pR0 1

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164 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana yA viSaya kI vAcyatA sAmarthya kitanI hai ? dArzanikadRSTi se yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa hai ki kyA yaha zabda-pratIka apane vAcya-viSaya yA artha ko pUrNatayA abhivyakta karane meM samartha hai ? kyA ghar3I zabda ghar3I nAmaka vastu ko yA prema zabda prema nAmaka bhAvanA ko apanI samagratA ke sAtha zrotA ko prastuta kara pAtA hai ? yaha prazna dArzanikadRSTi se ati prAcInakAla se hI cacita rahA hai / eka ora yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki zabda meM apane artha yA vAcya viSaya ko abhivyakta karane kI sAmarthaya nahIM hai to bhASA kI upayogitA evaM pramANikatA para hI praznacihna laga jAtA hai / mAnava samAja meM Aja jo bhI vicAra aura bhAvoM ke saMpreSaNa kA kArya hotA hai usameM bhASA eka mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtI hai| yadi hama isa prazna para niSedhAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karake yaha mAnate haiM ki bhASA meM apane vAcya viSaya ko abhivyakta karane kI sAmarthya hI nahIM hai to phira bhASA kA koI artha nahIM raha jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa thA ki jaina vicArakoM ne bauddhoM ke isa mata ko asvIkAra kara diyA ki zabda apane artha yA vAcya viSaya kA saMsparza hI nahIM karate haiM / sAtha hI yaha mImAMsakoM ke samAna yaha mAnane ko bhI sahamata nahIM the ki zabda apane vAcya viSaya yA artha kA eka sampUrNa citra zrotA ke sAmane prastuta karane meM samartha hai| sAmAnyatayA jaina dArzanikoM ne yaha mAnA ki zabda aura usake dvArA saMketika artha meM eka sambandha to hai yA dUsare zabdoM meM apane vAcyArtha ko saMketika karane kI sAmarthya to hai kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki zabda apane vAcyArtha ko sampUrNa rUpa meM abhivyakta karane meM samartha bhI nahIM hotA hai / isake do kAraNa haiM eka to zabda vAcyArthoM ke mAtra pratIka hote haiN| unakA vAcyArtha se koI tAdAtmya nahIM hotA aura yadi unameM koI tAdAtmya nahIM hogA to unameM apane vAcyArtha ko pUrI taraha kahane kI zakti bhI nahIM hai| dUsare zabda meM zabda apane vAcya viSaya ko kahakara bhI nahIM kaha pAtA hai / isI ko hI jaina dArzanikoM ne yaha kahakara abhivyakta kiyA hai ki zabda apane artha kA vAcaka hokara bhI samagra rUpa se vAcaka nahIM hotA hai / jaise ghar3I zabda ghar3I kA vAcaka hokara bhI usakA sthAna nahIM letaa| isa tathya ko nimna udAharaNa se samajhA jA sakatA hai jaise kisI deza kA nakzA aura usa nakze meM rekhAMkita pahAr3a nadI Adi usa deza ke pahAr3a, nadI Adi

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sattA kI vAcyatA kA prazna 165 ke saMketaka to hote haiM kintu vAstavika pahAr3a aura nadI kA pUrNatayA bodha nahIM karA pAtA hai| jisane nadI na dekhI ho vaha nadI zabda sunakara bhI nadI kA sampUrNa bodha nahIM kara pAtA hai| _zabdoM kI vAcyatA-sAmarthya kI sImitatA kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki jitane vAcya viSaya haiM bhASA meM utane zabda nahIM haiM / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM mIThA zabda meM vastu ke miSThatA guNa kI abhivyakti kI sAmarthya to hai kintu hama dekhate haiM ki miThAza aneka prakAra kI hotI hai jaise Ama bhI mIThA hotA hai, amarUda kI mIThA hotA hai, aMgUra bhI yA isI prakAra saikar3oM vastue~ mIThI hotI haiM, kintu hamAre pAsa una sabhI kI miSThatA ko abhivyakta karane ke lie eka hI zabda miSTha hai / yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki miSTha zabda kA prayoga jaba bhinnabhinna vastuoM ke saMdarbha meM hotA hai taba usakA vAcyArtha bhI alaga-alaga hotA hai kintu bhASA meM itane zabda-pratIka nahIM hote ataH kisI vastu kA miSThapana miSTha zabda se vAcya hokara bhI avAcya banA rahatA hai / isI prakAra hama prema zabda ko leM taba prema zabda jisa bhAvanA ko abhivyakta karatA hai usakI pragAr3hatA aura bhAva-praNavatA ke aneka stara haiM / eka premI apanI preyasI se, eka putra apanI mAtA se, eka bhAI apane bhAI se, eka mitra apane mitra se, 'maiM tumase prema karatA hU~' isa zabdAvalI kA prayoga karate haiM kintu ina sabhI vyaktiyoM ke dvArA prayukta ina zabdAvalI kA artha eka hokara bhI alaga-alaga hotA hai / arthabodha meM na kevala zabda hI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nirvAha karatA hai apitu zrotA aura vaktA ke mAnasika stara bhI apanA artha rakhate haiM / eka vyakti kisI vAkya kA vyaMgArtha grahaNa kara pAtA hai aura dUsarA vyakti use grahaNa nahIM kara pAta hai / punaH eka bhASA kA jAnakAra vyakti dUsarI bhASA ke zabdoM se koI arthabodha grahaNa nahIM kara pAtA hai / isase yaha kalpita ho sakatA hai ki zabda meM AMzika rUpa meM hI apane viSaya ko vAcya banAne kI sAmarthya hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata meM prAcInakAla se hI bhASA ke vAcyasAmarthya para prazna cihna lagAyA gayA hai| bhAratIya cintana meM prArambha kAla se lekara Aja taka vastu kI vAcyatA aura avAcyatA kA prazna mAnava mastiSka ko jhaMjhor3a rahA hai / jaba yahI vAkyArtha sAmarthya kI bAta carama sattA yA parama

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166 tattva ke sAtha jur3atI hai taba yaha prazna aura bhI jaTila bana jAtA hai 1 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana taittarIya upaniSad meM parama sattA ke nirvacana ko lekara kaha diyA thA ki 'ya to vAco nirvartate' vANI vahA~ se lauTa AtI hai / use vANI kA viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai / kaThopaniSad kahatA hai ki yaha parama tattva 'naiva vAcA na manasA prAptuM zakya' arthAt vaha vAcA ke dvArA yA mana ke dvArA nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai / mANDUkyopaniSad meM sattA ko adRSTa, avyavahArya, agrAhya, alakSaNa, acintya, avAcya kahA gayA hai / 3 yahI bAta hameM prAcIna jaina Agama meM bhI milatI hai / AcArAMga kahatA hai ki vaha (parama tattva) dhvanyAtmaka kisI bhI pravRtti kA viSaya nahIM hai / vANI usakA nirvacana karane meM samartha nahIM hai| tarka kI vahA~ pahu~ca nahIM hai / mArga use grahaNa karane meM samartha nahIM hai arthAt vaha vicAra aura buddhi kA viSaya nahIM hai / use kisI upamA ke dvArA bhI samajhAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai / vaha anupama, arUpI sattA hai / usa apada kA koI pada nahIM hai arthAt aisA koI pada, zabda nahIM hai ki usase usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA sake / isa prakAra sAmAnya rUpa se bhAratIya darzana meM aura vizeSa rUpa se jainadarzana meM vastutattva yA sattA ko avaktavya yA avAcya batAyA gayA hai / I sattA kI isa avAcyatA yA avaktavyatA meM avAcya yA avaktavya kA artha hai yaha bhI vizeSarUpa se vicAraNIya hai / avAcya, anirvacanIya, avaktavya ye zabda sAmAnyatayA prAcInakAla se hI prayukta kie jA rahe haiM / kintu vibhinna kAloM meM aura vibhinna vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM isake tAtparya ko lekara bhinnatA rahI hai / avaktavya zabda ke artha-vikAsa kI dRSTi se paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, 5 DaoN0 padmarAje ne vizeSarUpa se vicAra kiyA hai / 1. taittirIyopaniSad 2 / 4 2. kaThopaniSad 1.2.20 3. mANDUkyopaniSad 7 4. AcArAMgasUtra 1.5.6 5. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, pR0 95 - 101

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sattA kI vAcyatA kA prazna 167 DaoN0 padmarAje ne isa artha-vikAsa ko cAra caraNoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / 1 / avaktavyatA kI artha bhI isa sAmAnya carcA ke pazcAt hama isa prazna para vicAra kareMge ki avaktavyatA kA jaina paramparA meM kyA artha rahA hai / isa sambandha meM AcArAMga ke pUrvokta uddharaNa kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to vahA~ mukhya rUpa se yahI mAnA gayA hai ki vastu svarUpa kucha aisA hai ki use hamArI sImita zabdAvalI bhASAzailI yA vANI kA viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| yahA~ zabda kI apane artha kI vAcya sAmarthya kI sImitatA ko dekhate hI avaktavyatA kI carcA huI hai| A0 mallavAdI ke pUrvavartI AcAryoM meM jinhoMne isa avaktavyatA yA avAcyatA kI avadhAraNA para vizeSa vicAra kiyA hai unameM AcArya siddhasena divAkara aura A0 samantabhadra kA nAma pramukha hai| ina donoM AcAryoM ne vastutattva kI avaktavyatA kA vicAra karate hue yaha prazna khar3A kiyA hai ki kyA vastutattva nirapekSa rUpa se avaktavya hai yA sApekSa rUpa se avaktavya hai ? AcArya samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA meM isa samasyA ko uThAte hue isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki vastutattva kI avaktavyatA nirapekSa na hokara sApekSa hI hai / ve ekAnta avaktavyatA kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki avAcya ekAnta bhI nahIM bana sakatA kyoMki avAcya ekAnta meM bhI yaha avAcya hai| aise vAkya kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatAra dUsare zabdoM meM yadi tattva sarvathA avAcya hai to phira tattva kA pratipAdana kisI bhI rUpa meM sambhava nahIM hogA kyoMki jaba hama avAcya kahate haiM to bhI use vANI kA viSaya vaza hI lete haiM / 3 yadi tattva sarvathA avAcya hotA taba use kisI bhI zabda se vAcya nahIM banAyA jA sakatA aura aisI sthiti meM tattva avAcya hai yaha pratipAdana bhI sambhava nahIM hogA / kyoMki aisA kahane se tattva avAcya na hokara 'avAcya' zabda kA vAcya to ho hI jAtA hai / tattva avAcya hai yaha bhI 1. jaina thyorIja oNpha riyaliTI eNDa noleja 2. virodhAnnobhayaikAtmyaM syAdvAdanyAyavidviSAm / avAcyataikAnte pyuktirnAvAcyamiti yujyate // 2. sarvAntAzcedavaktavyAsteSAM kiM vacanaM punaH / saMvRttizcenmRSaivaiSA paramArthaviparyayAt / / AptamImAMsA0 zlo0 55 vahI0 zlo0 49

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168 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana eka prakAra kI vAcyatA hai / yadi tattva ekAnta rUpa se avAcya hai taba aisI sthiti meM kisI bhI prakAra kA zabda prayoga sambhava nahIM hogA / yadi hama yaha bhI kahate haiM ki tattva avAcya hai to use vANI kA viSaya to banA hI lete haiN| tattva kI avacyatA kA kathana bhI usakI vAcyatA kA hI sUcana karatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya samantabhadra apane grantha AptamImAMsA meM isa bAta para vizeSa bala dete haiM ki tattva ko sarvathA avaktavya mAnanA yaha bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| yahI prazna siddhasena ne apane grantha sanmati-tarka meM uThAyA hai / sanmati-tarka meM unhoMne bhI samantabhadra kI bhA~ti ekAnta avAcyatA kA niSedha karake tattva kI kathaJcita avAcyatA yA kathaJcita avaktavyatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / saMkSepa meM kaheM to jaina AcAryoM kA prAcInakAla se hI yaha mantavya rahA hai ki tattva ko ekAnta rUpa se avAcya mAnanA yA ekAnta rUpa se vAcya mAnanA donoM hI mata yuktisaMgata nahIM haiM / jainadRSTi sApekSa avaktavyatA ko svIkAra karatI hai nirapekSa avaktavyatA ko nhiiN| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki vastutattva pUrNatayA avaktavya bhI nahIM hai aura pUrNatayA vaktavya bhI nahIM hai / vaha kathaJcita vaktavya hai aura kathaJcita avaktavya hai / kyoMki usake anusAra yadi hama vastutattva ko pUrNatayA avaktavya yA anirvacanIya mAna leMge to bhASA aura vicAra kA mArga hI avaruddha ho jAyegA / unakI sArthakatA samApta ho jAyegI / dUsarI ora yadi use samagrataH nirvacanIya mAna liyA jAyegA to yaha bAta bhASA kI sImitatA aura Anubhavika satyatA se bAdhita hogI / zabdoM meM apane viSaya kI vAcyatA-sAmarthya to hai kintu vaha AMzika yA sImita hI hai / ataH jaina AcArya vastutattva kI anirvacanIyatA yA avAcyatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI pUrNatayA anirvacanIya yA avAcya nahIM mAnate / vastu sApekSa rUpa se anirvacanIya aura sApekSa rUpa se nirvacanIya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha aMzata: anirvacanIya hai aura aMzata: nirvacanIya hai / jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI kA vikAsa huA hai usameM bhI hama isI sApekSita avaktavyatA aura sApekSita vaktavyatA kA dRSTikoNa pAte haiM / yahA~ hama isa carcA ke sambandha meM adhika 1. atyaMtarabhUehi ya Niyaehi ya dohi samayamAIhiM / vayaNavisesAIyaM davvamavattavvayaM pa i|| sanmatiprakaraNa0 1.36 2. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, pR0 93 /

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sattA kI vAcyatA kA prazna 169 vistAra meM na jAkara yaha dekhanA cAheMge ki isa vastutattva kI anirvacanIyatA ke sambandha meM hamAre vivecya AcArya mallavAdI aura unake grantha dvAdazAra nayacakra kA kyA dRSTikoNa hai / AcArya mallavAdI ne vaise to aneka prasaMgo meM vastu kI anirvacanIyatA kI carcA kI hai| kintu vizeSarUpa se apane grantha ke naveM ara meM vastu kI anirvacanIyatA kI pratisthApanA kI hai aura dazaveM ara meM usa anirvacanIyatA kI samIkSA prastuta kI hai / AcArya kI yaha eka viziSTa zailI hai ki vaha pahale kisI pakSa kI sthApanA karate haiM bAda meM usakA khaNDana / naveM ara meM vaha vizeSarUpa se isa bAta para bala dete haiM ki vastutattva kA svarUpa hI kucha aisA hai ki vaha zabda kA vAcya nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / kintu yaha vastu kI anirvacanIyatA kI ekAnta pakSa na bana jAe yA vastutattva ko pUrNataH avAcya na mAna liyA jAe isalie vaha apane grantha ke dazaveM ara meM isa vastutattva kI anirvacanIyatA kI avadhAraNA kA khaNDana karate haiM aura isa mAdhyama se yaha spaSTa karate haiM ki vastu na to pUrNata: vAcya hai aura na pUrNataH avAcya / Age hama vistAra se unake grantha ke AdhAra para isa sambandha meM vicAra kareMge / vastu kI anirvacanIyatA kI carcA karate hue ve nimna samasyAe~ prastuta karate haiM / sarvaprathama vastu ko na to sarvathA bhAvarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai aura na sarvathA abhAva rUpa / pratyeka vastu meM kucha guNadharmoM kA sadbhAva hotA hai aura kucha guNadharmoM kA abhAva / dUsare zabdoM meM vastu meM bhAva-pakSa bhI hotA hai abhAva-pakSa bhI / vastu bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka guNadharmoM kA samucya hai| kintu bhASA kI dRSTi se pratipAdana karate hue hameM use vidhirUpa meM kahanA hotA hai yA niSedha rUpa meM / sattA meM bhAvapakSa aura abhAva-pakSa eka samaya rahe hue haiM kintu bhASA meM unhe kramapUrvaka hI kahA jA sakatA hai / punaH tArkikarUpa se jo bhAvarUpa hotA hai vaha abhAvarUpa kaise ho sakatA hai aura jo abhAvarUpa 1. ekatvAnyatvobhayatvAnubhayatvapratiSedhena ca pradhAnopasarjana bhAvo pi pratividdha eva / tasmAt sarvathApya vaktavya taiva / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 752 sAmAnyavizeSaikatvAnyatvAnekAtmakasya vastuno vAcA vaktumazakyatvAt / vahI0 TIkA0 pR0 763

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170 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana hotA hai vaha bhAvarUpa kaise ho sakatA hai / na to abhAva se bhAva kI utpatti ho sakatI hai aura na bhAva kA abhAva ho sakatA hai| kintu vastutattva meM bhAvapakSa aura abhAva-pakSa donoM hI eka sAtha rahe hue haiM, aura unhIM se usakA svarUpa banatA hai / ata: use ekAntarUpa se na to bhAvarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai aura na abhAvarUpa / bhASA meM yaha sAmarthya nahIM hai ki vaha donoM ko eka sAtha kaha sake ataH vaha anirvacanIya siddha hotA hai| isI prakAra A0 mallavAdI eka dUsarI samasyA uThAte haiM / ve kahate haiM ki vastu ekAntarUpa se na to sAmAnya hai aura na vizeSa / hama use sAmAnya isalie nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki usameM kucha viziSTha guNadharma yA paryAya pAe jAte haiM / usake AdhAra para ve vastue~ pRthak kI jAtI haiM / dUsarI ora yaha bhI satya hai ki zabda sAmAnyarUpa se kisI sAmAnya yA jAti kA bodha karAte haiN| ve jAtivAcaka hote haiM jaise manuSya zabda vyakti-vizeSa kA vAcaka na hokara sAmAnyarUpa se manuSya-jAti kA vAcaka hai| na kevala manuSya, gau, mahiSa, Adi adhikAMza zabda sAmAnyatayA jAti yA sAmAnya kA hI vAcaka hotA hai lekina jisa sattA ko ve vAcya banAte haiM vaha na to ekAntarUpa se sAmAnya hai aura na vizeSa hI / jo sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai use na to sAmAnya kahA jAtA hai aura na vizeSa / aisI sthiti meM usakA nirvacana sambhava nahIM ho pAtA kyoMki bhASA kI dRSTi se jaba bhI usakI nirvacanatA kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai taba hameM use sAmAnya kahanA hogA yA vizeSa kahanA hogA / ataH vastutattva ko na to samagrata: sAmAnya kahA jA sakatA hai aura na vizeSa / ataH vaha avaktavya hI hai| isI prakAra vastu ko na eka kahA jA sakatA hai aura na aneka / pratyeka vastu yahA~ apane dravya kI apekSA se eka hotI hai vahIM apane paryAyadRSTi se aneka bhI / 2 bhagavatIsUtra meM bha0 mahAvIra se jaba yaha pUchA gayA ki ve eka haiM yA aneka / taba unhoMne kahA 1. atastyaktvemau sAmAnyavizeSaikAntapakSau avacanIyaM vastu pratipattavyam / nApyabhAvaM na tadupasarjanaM na bhAva eva nAvizeSaM na vizeSopasarjanaM na vizeSa eva nobhayopasarjanaM nobhayapradhAnaM vastu / avacanIyabhAva vizeSakAraNa kAryekAneka pradhAnopasarjanaM vastu / dvAdazAraM nayacakraM, pR0 743 2. somilA ! eke vi ahaM duve vi ahaM akkhue vi ahaM avvae vi ahaM avaTThite vi ahaM aNekabhUtabhavvabhavie vi ahaM / bhagavatIsU0 10. 10.647

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sattA kI vAcyatA kA prazna 171 ki maiM eka bhI hU~ aura aneka bhI / bhASA kI sImA yaha hai ki vaha eka yA aneka meM se kisI eka vikalpa ko pakar3akara usakA vidhAna yA niSedha karatI hai / eka yA aneka donoM pakSoM ko eka sAtha vidhi-niSedha bhASA ke dvArA vyakta karanA sambhava nahIM hai / bhASA vidhi-niSedha kI sImAoM se ghirI huI hai isalie isameM sattA ko vAcya banAne kI sAmarthya nahIM hai kyoMki sattA to aneka guNadharmoM kA puJja hai / use ekAntarUpa se na sat kahA jA sakatA hai na asat / na sAmAnya kahA jA sakatA hai na vizeSa, na use eka kahA jA sakatA hai na aneka / vaha utpanna bhI hotA hai aura naSTa bhI phira bhI dhruva banI rahatI hai| bhASA aura tarka kI dRSTi se yaha eka virodhAbhAsa hai kyoMki jisakI utpatti aura vinAza hotI hai usameM dhrauvya nahIM hotA hai / isa kAraNa se use anirvacanIya kahanA hotA hai / isa prakAra se vaha apane-Apa meM eka virodhAbhAsapUrNa eka sthiti hai / jainAcAryoM ne isalie kahA hai ki vastutattva meM na kevala aneka dharma hote haiM apitu virodhI dharma bhI pAe jAte haiM aisI sthiti meM bhASA jo svayaM vidhi-niSedhoM kI koTiyoM se sImita hai vaha apanI vAcyatA sAmarthya kisa prakAra rakha sakatI hai / isa prakAra mallavAdI vastu ke anirvacanIya pakSa kA sthApana karate haiM kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hai ki vastu kI anirvacanIyatA kA sthApana ekAntika yA nitya nahIM hai| isalie apane grantha ke dazaveM ara meM ve isa avAcyatA kA khaNDana bhI karate haiM tAki unake dvArA sthApita isa avAcyatA ko nirapekSa avAcyatA na samakSa liyA jAya / / yaha satya hai ki vastu ko na to ekAntarUpa se bhAvarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai aura na abhAvarUpa / na use sAmAnyarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai na vizeSa meM eka, na aneka / na use karma kahA jA sakatA hai na kAraNa kintu yadi hama yahIM taka apanI dRSTi ko sImita rakheM aura yaha mAnaleM ki uparyukta AdhAroM para vastu avAcya hai kintu yahA~ yaha prazna bhI upasthita hogA ki jo sat-asat, eka-aneka, sAmAnya-vizeSa, kArya-kAraNa kucha bhI nahIM hai to kyA vaha vastu hai bhI ? jisameM isa sabakA abhAva ho vaha to khapuSpavat avastu hI hogI / vastu ho hI nahIM sakatI / mAtra niSedha se vastu kA svarUpa nizcita nahIM hotA yadi hamArI pratipAdana kI zailI aisI niSedhAtmaka hI rahI to nizcitarUpa se tattva ko zUnyarUpa mAnanA

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172 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana par3egA kintu jainadRSTi aisI zUnyatA kI avadhAraNA kA niSedha karatI hai| vaha kahatI hai ki jo sat hai vahI asat hai jo eka hai vahI aneka hai / jo kArya hai vahI kAraNa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sat bhI hai, asat bhI hai, eka bhI hai, aneka bhI hai| sAmAnya bhI hai vizeSa bhI hai, kArya, bhI hai kAraNa bhI hai aura jaba tattva pratipAdana, kI yaha bhAvAtmaka zailI apanAte haiM taba vastu kI avaktavyatA kI bhAvanA nirasta ho jAtI hai aura vaha sApekSa rUpa se vaktavya bana jAtI hai| kyoMki yadi vastu sarvathA anirvacanIya hotI to phira usakA nirvacana kaisA kiyA jAtA thA ? kintu vyavahAra meM hama saba bhASA ke mAdhyama se vastu ke svarUpa kA nirvacana karate haiM ataH vastu ko sarvathA anirvacanIya mAnane ke siddhAnta kA hamAre anubhava se virodha AtA hai / dUsare yadi vastu ko sarvathA avaktavya mAnA jAyegA to phira use avaktavya kahanA bhI kaThina ho jAyegA / kyoMki usake sambandha meM avaktavyatA kA pratipAdana bhI eka prakAra kI vaktavyatA hI hai / yadi vastu ko sarvathA na sat, na asat, na eka, na aneka, na sAmAnya, na vizeSa mAnA jAyegA to phira vastu ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa hI nahIM kiyA jA sakegA aura vastu sapakSya ke samAna avaktavya ho jAyegI / isalie vastu meM saMpekSa rUpa meM avAcyatA svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai| A0 mallavAdI yaha mAnate haiM ki vastu sampUrNa rUpa meM vAcya nahIM hai kintu usake sAtha yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki vaha pUrNatayA avAcya bhI nahIM hai / ve apane grantha ke navama ara meM jisa avaktavyatA kA maNDana karate haiM aura jisa avaktavyatA kA khaNDana karate haiM vaha nirapekSa yA ekAnta avaktavyatA hai| isa prakAra unake grantha meM naveM ara meM avaktavyatA kA maNDana aura dazaveM ara meM avaktavyatA kA khaNDana virodhAbhAsapUrNa nahIM hai kintu jisa avaktavyatA kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai vaha sApekSa hai aura jisa avaktavyatA kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai vaha nirapekSa hai, dUsare zabdoM meM unakA pratipAdya yaha hai ki nirapekSa avaktavyatA kI avadhAraNA samucita nahIM hai kintu sApekSa avaktavyatA se unakA virodha nahIM hai / vastu meM kathaJcita vAcyatA aura avAcyatA ko svIkAra karanA yahI A0 mallavAdI kA niSkarSa hai jo anubhUti ke stara para kharA utaratA hai / 1. dvAdazAraM nayacakraM0 dazamo niyamavidhyara: pR0 765-779

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dvAdaza adhyAya nayavibhAjana nirgrantha darzana meM vastutattva ko anantadharmAtmaka mAnA gayA hai| pratyeka vastu anekAneka bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka guNadharmoM se yukta hotI hai / itanA hI nahIM apitu vastu meM paraspara virodhI guNadharma bhI eka hI samaya meM pAe jAte haiM / vastu kI yaha anantadharmAtmakatA hI anekAntavAda kA tAttvika AdhAra hai / vastu meM aneka guNadharmoM ke hone para bhI jaba usakA kathana karanA hotA hai taba kisI eka dharma ko, kisI eka apekSA vizeSa ko pramukha banAkara kathana kiyA jAtA hai / vastu ke vividha pakSoM meM jaba kisI eka pakSa ko hI pradhAna banAkara hama kathana karate haiM taba vastutaH anya pakSoM yA guNadharma kA abhAva nahIM ho jAtA / isa anantadharmAtmaka vastu kI abhivyakti ke lie kisI aisI kathana-zailI kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jo vastu ke kisI eka guNadharma kA vidhAna karate hue anya guNadharmoM kA niSedha na kare / dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to vastu ke sambandha meM jo sApekSita kathana kiyA jAtA hai vaha kisI abhiprAya-vizeSa yA dRSTikoNa-vizeSa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kiyA jAtA hai / vaktA kA yaha abhiprAya-vizeSa kiMvA dRSTikoNa-vizeSa hI naya kahalAtA 1. anantadharmAtmakameva tattvamato'nyathA sattvamasUpapAdam / hemacandra, anyayogavyavacchedikA zlo0 22, saM0 munizrI sUryodayavijayajI, caMdananI suvAsa, zrI zve0 mU0 pU0 jaina saMgha, karADa saM0 2020, pR0 241.

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174 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana hai' / tadatirikta jisa apekSA ke AdhAra para vastu ke anantaguNadharmoM meM se kisI eka guNadharma kA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai vaha naya kahalAtA hai / naya kA sambandha vastu kI abhivyakti kI zailI se hai / isIlie AcArya siddhasena ne sanmatiprakaraNa(prAya: IsvI san kI pA~cavIM zatI kA pUrvArddha) meM kahA hai ki : jAvaiyA vayaNavahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti NayavAyA / jAvaiyA NayavAyA tAvaiyA ceva parasamayA // arthAt kathana kI jitanI zailiyA~ yA jitane vacana-patha hote haiM utane hI nayavAda hote haiM evaM jitane hI nayavAda hote haiM utane hI para-samaya arthAt paradarzana hote haiM / isa AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai ki nayoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai / kyoMki vastu ke ananta guNadharmoM kI abhivyakti hetu vividha dRSTikoNoM kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai / yaha sabhI vizeSa dRSTikoNa nayAzrita hI hote haiM / jainadarzana meM nayoM kI carcA vibhinna rUpoM meM kI gaI hai / sarvaprathama Agamayuga meM dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika dRSTi se vastu kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai / vastu ke dravyAtmaka yA nityatva ko jo apanA viSaya banAtA hai usako 'dravyArthika-naya' kahA jAtA hai / isake viparIta vastu ke parivartanazIla pakSa ko jo naya apanA viSaya banAtA hai, vaha naya 'paryAyAthika-naya' kahalAtA hai / phira pratIti evaM yathArthatA ke AdhAra para bhI prAcIna AgamoM meM do prakAra 1. nayo jJAturabhiprAyaH laghIyastrayI, zlo0 55, saM0 mahendrakumAra zAstrI, sarasvatI pustaka bhaNDAra, ahamadAbAda 1996 jJAtRNAmabhisandhayaH khalu nayAH / pR0 10. siddhiviniyazcaya TIkA, bhaTTa akalaMka, saM0 mahendrakumAra jaina bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI 1944, pR0 517. 2. anantadharmAdhyAsitaM vastu svAbhipretaikadharmaviziSTaM nayati-prApayati saMvedanamArohayatIti nayaH / / nyAyAvatAra-vArtikavRtti, zAntisUri, prathamAvRtti, saM0 paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, bambaI 1949, pR0 73. 3. sanmatiprakaraNa bhA0 4, saM0 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI - paM0 becaradAsa dozI, gUjarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda 1932, 3.47 4. sanmatiprakaraNa 1.4-5.

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175 nayavicAra ke nayoM kA ullekha milatA hai / jo naya vastu ke mUlabhUta svAbhAvika svarUpa ko apanA viSaya banAtA hai use hama "nizcayanaya" aura jo naya vastu ke pratItijanya viSaya ko apanA viSaya banAtA hai use "vyavahAranaya" kahA gayA hai| prAcIna AgamoM meM mukhya rUpa se inhIM do prakAra ke nayoM kI carcA huI hai / kabhI-kabhI vyavahAranaya yA dravyArthika naya ko avyucchitti-naya tathA paryAyArthika-naya yA nizcayanaya ko vyucchitti-naya bhI kahA gayA hai | nayoM ke isa dvividha vivecana ke pazcAt hameM anya vargIkaraNa bhI upalabdha hote haiM / A0 umAsvAti ne tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (prAyaH IsvI 350) meM naigamAdi pA~ca mUla nayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai3 / A0 siddhasena divAkara ne sanmatiprakaraNa meM naigamanaya ko chor3akara cha: nayoM kI carcA kI hai / tattvArthasUtra ke digambara TIkAkAra evaM kucha anya AcArya sAta nayoM kI carcA karate haiM / dvAdazAra-nayacakra meM granthakartA A0 mallavAdI (I. 550-600) ne bAraha nayoM arthAt dRSTikoNoM ko AdhAra banAkara carcA kI hai / ina vibhinna nayoM aura inake vibhinna saMyogoM ke AdhAra para kisI AcArya ne sAta sau nayoM kI carcA kI thii| saptazatAra-nayacakra nAmaka grantha meM inhIM sAta sau nayoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA thA, aisA ullekha dvAdazAra-nayacakra kI siMhasUrI (siMhazUra) kI TIkA (prAyaH IsvI0 675) meM upalabdha hai / saMkSepa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki 1. mahendrakumAra jaina, jainadarzana, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI 1974, pR0 351-354 2. nyAyAvatAravAtikavRtti, pR0 22. 3. naigamasaMgrahavyavahArarjusUtrazabdA nayAH // tattvArthasUtra 1.34, saM0 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI 1976. 4. sanmatiprakaraNa - 1.4-5. 5. naigamasaMgrahavyavahArarjusUtrazabda samabhirUdvaivambhUDhAH nayAH // tattvArthasUtra 1.34. 6. dvAdazAranayacakraM, saM0 muni jambUvijaya, zrI jaina Atmananda sabhA, bhAvanagara 1988, bhA0 1, pR0 10. 7. saptazatAranayacakrAdhyayane / dvAdazAranayacakraM, pR0 886.

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176 jaina paramparA meM nayoM ke vargIkaraNa kI vibhinna zailiyA~ rahI haiM / (1) vargIkaraNa kI saMkSipta zailI - isake antargata sAmAnyarUpa se dravyArthika-paryAyArthika, nizcaya-vyavahAra, vyucchitta-avyucchitta Adi rUpoM meM nayoM ke do vibhAga kie gae haiM / dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana (2) vargIkaraNa kI madhyama zailI - isameM sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko hI AdhAra banAkara nayoM ke caturvidha, paJcavidha, SaDvidha, saptavidha Adi bheda kie gae haiM / (3) vargIkaraNa kI vistRta zailI - yaha zailI vartamAna meM pracalita nahIM hai, kintu prAcIna kAla meM yaha zailI astitva meM rahI hogI / kyoMki saptazatAra- nayacakra hone kA ullekha bhI prApta huA hai jisake AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki vibhinna dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para nayoM kA vibhAjana sAta sau rUpoM meM bhI kiyA jAtA thA / kintu varttamAna yuga meM nayoM ke vargIkaraNa ke saMkSipta aura madhyama rUpa hI pracalita haiM / AgamakAla meM naya vibhAjana I prAcIna ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM sarvaprathama nayoM kI carcA vyAkhyAprajJapti apara nAma bhagavatIsUtra ( IsvI 2 - 3 zatI) meM dekhane ko milatI hai / isameM sAmAnya rUpa se dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika tathA nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI carcA huI hai / dravyArthika naya vaha dRSTikoNa hai jo sattA ke zAzvata pakSa ko, dUsare zabdoM meM dravya ko hI apanA viSaya banAtA hai / jabaki paryAyArthika naya sattA yA dravya ke parivartanazIla pakSa ko, jise paramparAgata zailI meM paryAya kahA jAtA hai, apanA viSaya banAtA hai / vyAkhyAprajJapti meM inake lie avyucchitti - naya aura vyucchitti - naya zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / jo dravyArthika naya hai, use hI avyucchitti - naya kahA 1. chAriyA NaM bhaMte ! pucchA ! goyamA ! ettha do nayA bhavaMti, taM jahAM- necchiiyanae ya vAvahAriyanae ya / viyAhapaNNattisuttaM, saM0 paM0 becaradAsa dozI, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 1978, pR0 814.

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177 nayavicAra gayA hai / avyucchitti naya kA viSaya, sattA kA sAmAnya aura zAzvata pakSa hotA hai / sattA ke paryAyArthika pakSa ko yA parivartanazIla-pakSa ko vyucchittanaya kahA gayA hai, evaM eka hI vastu kI vyAkhyA ina do dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para do prakAra se kI gaI hai / jaise-dravyArthika dRSTi yA avyucchitti-naya kI apekSA se vastu ko zAzvata kahA jAtA hai jabaki paryAyArthika dRSTi yA vyucchitti-naya kI apekSA se vastu ko azAzvata yA anitya mAnA jAtA hai| inhIM do dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para Age calakara sAmAnya dRSTikoNa aura vizeSa dRSTikoNa kI carcA huI hai / sanmatiprakaraNa meM abhedagAmI dRSTikoNa ko sAmAnya aura bhedagAmI dRSTikoNa ko vizeSa kahA hai2 / vastu kA sAmAnya pakSa sAmAnyatayA nitya hotA hai aura vizeSa pakSa anitya hotA hai / isalie dravyArthika dRSTi ko sAmAnya yA abhedagAmI dRSTi bhI kahate haiM / isI prakAra paryAyArthika dRSTi ko vizeSa yA bhedagAmI dRSTi bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / vyAkhyAprajJapti meM nayoM kA eka vargIkaraNa nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke rUpa meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / nizcayanaya vastu ke pAramArthika yA yathArtha svarUpa ko yA dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to vastu ke svabhAva-pakSa ko apanA viSaya banAtA hai / isakA eka udAharaNa usI sUtra meM isa prakAra milatA hai-jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra se yaha pUchA gayA ki-"he bhagavan ! phaNit (pravAhI guDa) kA svAda kaisA hotA hai ?" to unhoMne uttara diyA- "he gautama ! vyavahAranaya se to use mIThA kahA jAtA hai kintu nizcayanaya se to vaha pA~coM hI prakAra ke svAdoM se yukta hai / " isake atirikta prAcInakAla meM jJAnanaya aura kriyAnaya tathA zabdanaya 1. nyAyAvatAravArttikavRtti, "prastAvanA," pR0 22. 2. titthayaravayaNasaMgaha-visesa patthAra mUlavAgaraNI / davvaTThio ya pajjavaNao ya sesA vikappA siM / sanmatiprakaraNa 1.3. 3. sanmatiprakaraNa bhA0 1, pR0 2. 4. phANiyagule NaM bhaMte ! kativaNNe, katigaMdhe, katirase, katiphAse pannatte ? goyamA ! etthaM do nayA javaMti, taM jahA-necchayiyanae ya vAvahAriyanae ya / vAvahAriyanayassa goDDe phAliyagule, necchaiya nayassa paMcavaNNe, dugaMdhe, paMcarase, aTuphAse pannate / viyAhapaNNatti bhA0 2, pR0 813.

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178 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana aura arthanaya aise bhI dvividha vargIkaraNa prApta hote haiM / jo naya jJAna ko pramukhatA detA hai vaha jJAnanaya hai aura jo naya kriyA para bala detA hai vaha kriyAnaya hai / unheM hama jJAnamArgI jIvanadRSTi aura kriyAmArgI jIvanadRSTi kahate haiM / isI prakAra jo dRSTikoNa zabdagrAhI hotA hai vaha zabdanaya aura jo naya arthagrAhI hotA hai use arthanaya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / isa prakAra bhagavatIsUtra jaise prAcIna Agama meM nayoM kA vibhinna apekSAoM ke AdhAra para vibhinna zailiyoM meM vividha prakAra se vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ hameM nayoM ke saMkSipta vargIkaraNa kI zailI kA hI bodha hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI nayoM kA ullekha milatA hai kintu isameM usake bheda-prabhedoM kI koI carcA nahIM milatI hai / isa AdhAra para hama yaha mAna sakate haiM ki uttarAdhyayana ke saiddhAntika adhyAyoM ke kAla (IsvI 1-2 zatAbdi) taka nayoM ke vargIkaraNa kI saMkSipta zailI hI astitva meM rahI hogii| apekSAkRta paravartI Agama sthAnAMgasUtra (saMkalana prAyaH IsvI 363)7 aura anuyogadvArasUtra (prAyaH guptakAla)8 meM nayoM kA saptavidha vargIkaraNa hameM 1. sthAnAMga-samavAyAMga, saM0 muni jambUvijayajI, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 1985, pR0 338. 2. jJAna mAtra prAdhAnyAbhyupagamaparA jJAnanayAH / jainatarkabhASA, saM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, sarasvatI pustaka bhaNDAra, ahamadAbAda 1993, pR0 23. 3. kriyA mAtra prAdhAnyAbhyupagamaparAzca kriyAnayAH // jainatarkabhASA, pR0 23. 4. prAdhAnyena zabdagocaratvAcchabda nayAH / jainatarkabhASA, pR0 23. 5. prAdhAnyenArthagocaratvAdartha nayAH // jainatarkabhASA, pR0 23. 6. savvanayAna anumae ramejjA saMjame munI / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saM0 muni jambUvijayajI, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 1977, granthAMka 15, 36. 249, pR0 326. (yahA~ ardhamAgadhI bhASA anusAra zabda-rUpa liyA gayA hai|) 7. satta mUlanayA pannattA, taM jahA-negame, saMgehi, vavahAre ujjusute, sadde, samabhirUDhe, evaMbhUte / ThANaMgasutta, saM0 muni jambUvijaya, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 1985, pR0 225. 8. satta mUlaNayA paNNattA / taM jahA-Negame, saMgahe, vavahAre, ujjusue, sadde, samabhiruDhe, evaMbhUte /

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nayavicAra 179 upalabdha hotA hai / yahA~ dArzanika kAla ke sAta nayoM kA nAma nirdeza mAtra kiyA gayA hai / aisA lagatA hai ki jaba tattvArtha aura sanmati prakaraNa Adi granthoM meM naya kA paJcavidha, SaDvidha evaM saptavidha vargIkaraNa kie gae usameM se saptavidha vargIkaraNa ko grahaNa karake una nAmoM ko sthAnAMga meM usake antima vAcanA ke samaya DAla diyA gayA ho / yadyapi anuyogadvArasUtra ke nayadvAra meM sAtoM nayoM ke lakSaNa Adi kI carcA milatI hai, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki anuyogadvArAsUtra', tattvArtha ora sanmatiprakaraNa jaise dArzanika granthoM ke bAda hI likhA gayA hai| usakI dArzanika zailI svayaM isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki yaha Agama grantha hote hue bhI paravartI kAla kA hI hai| isameM prathama cAra naya arthanaya aura bAda ke tIna naya zabdanaya ke rUpa meM vivecita haiM / arthanaya kA tAtparya vastu yA padArtha se hai| jo naya padArtha ko apanA viSaya banAte haiM ve arthanaya aura jo zabda ko apanA viSaya banAte haiMve zabdanaya kahalAte haiM / isa prakAra paravartI AgamoM meM nayoM kI vistRta carcA hameM milane lagatI hai / kintu itanA avazya smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki prastuta Agama dArzanika yuga kI hI racanA haiM / dArzanika yuga ke granthoM meM prAcInatama grantha tattvArthAdhigamasUtra hai / isake prathama adhyAya meM naya kA ullekha karanevAle tIna satra upalabdha hote haiN| prArambha meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki vastutattva kA abhigama naya aura pramANa ke dvArA hotA hai / isa prakAra jJAna-prakriyA meM naya ke sthAna aura mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / adhyAya ke anta ke do sUtroM meM naya kA vargIkaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pahale sUtra meM nayoM ko naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra nandIsUtta anuyogadArAI, saM0 paM0 becaradAsa dozI, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 1978, pR0 204. 1. vahI 2. tiNhaM saddaNayANaM. / aNuogaddArasutta, pR0 70. 3. pramANanayairadhigamaH / naigamasaMgrahavyavahArarjusUtrazabdanayAH / Adyazabdau dvitribhedau / tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, kramazaH 1-6, 1-34, 1-35. 4. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra- 1.6.

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180 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana aura zabda aise pA~ca nayoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / phira naigama ke do bhedoM aura zabda ke tIna-tIna bhedoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / jJAtavya hai ki sarvArthasiddhi-mAnya pATha meM ina do sUtroM ke sthAna para eka hI sUtra prApta hotA hai aura isameM sAta nayoM kA nirdeza eka sAtha hI kara diyA gayA hai / paravartI jainadArzanika granthoM meM vibhinna naya dRSTiyoM ko bhinna-bhinna dArzanika mantavyoM ke sAtha saMyojita karake yaha kahA jAtA hai ki vedAnta saMgrahanaya kI apekSA se, bauddha darzana RjusUtranaya kI apekSA se, nyAyavaiziSika darzana naigamanaya kI apekSA se vastu-tattva kA vivecana karate haiM / kintu vibhinna nayoM ko vibhinna darzanoM se saMyojita karane kI yaha zailI paravartI kAla kI hai| tattvArthabhASya ke kAla taka hameM isakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| tattvArthabhASya meM yaha prazna upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki naigamAdi naya tantrAntarIya haiM yA svatantra ? aura isakA uttara dete hue umAsvAti kahate haiM: "naigamAdi naya na to tantrAntarIya haiM aura na svatantra hI haiN| kyoMki jJeya padArtha kA svarUpa hI aisA hai ki jJeya padArtha ko bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM se jAnane ke lie hI ina nayoM kA AvirbhAva huA hai"4 / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki vAcaka umAsvAti ke kAla taka vibhinna darzanoM ko vibhinna nayoM se saMyojita karane kI zailI kA vikAsa nahIM huA thaa| yaha eka paravartI vikAsa hai| vaise tantra zabda kA eka anya artha karake isa viSaya para eka anya dRSTi se bhI vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAcIna granthoM meM Agama zabda ke lie bhI tantra zabda kA prayoga haA hai| jaise haribhadrasUri ne yApanIya-tantra kA ullekha kiyA hai / isa AdhAra para hama 1. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra- 1.34. 2. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra- 1.35. 3. naigamasaMgrahavyavahArarjusUtrazabdasamabhirUdvaivambhUtA nayAH // sarvArthasiddhi, saM0 paM0 phUlacaMdra siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI 1991, 1.33. 4. atrAha-kimete tantrAntarIyA vAdina AhosvatsvatantrA / eva codakapakSagrAhiNo matibhedena vipradhAvitA iti / Alocyate-naite tantrAntarIyA nApi svatantrA matibhedena / vipradhAvitAH / jJeyasya tvarthasyAdhyAvasAyAntarANyetAni / sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtram // pR0 63. strIgrahaNaM tAsAmapi...yathoktaM yApanIya tantre / lalitavistarA, saM0 vikramasena vi0 ma0 sA0, bhuvanabhadraMkara sAhitya pracAra kendra, madrAsa vi0 saM0 2051, pR0 427-428. 5.

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181 nayavicAra yaha kaha sakate haiM ki umAsvAti ke sAmane yaha prazna upasthita huA hogA ki jo naigamAdi sAta naya haiM ye usa samaya ke AgamoM meM ullikhita nahIM the| ata: yaha carcA calatI hogI ki yaha naya Agama ke anukUla hai yA pratikUla hai / isI bAta kA nirAkaraNa umAsvAti ne isa prakAra kiyA ye naya Agama meM to nahIM haiM kintu Agama ke anusAra vastu-tattva kA vivecana karane ke kAraNa Agama ke pratikUla bhI nahIM haiN| isa samagra carcA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM nayoM kA avataraNa vastu-tattva ke vibhinna pakSoM ko pRthak-pRthak dRSTi se vyAkhyAbaddha karane ke lie huA hai / vastu kI pariNAmiyatA hI alaga-alaga naya dRSTiyoM kA AdhAra hai / nayoM kA vibhinna darzanoM ke sAtha saMyojana karane kI zailI apekSAkRta paravartI hai| sanmatiprakaraNa meM nayoM ke vibhinna bheda-prabhedoM kI aura unakI jJAnasImA kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai / nayoM kA itanA vistRta vivecana na to Agamika sAhitya meM milatA hai aura na tattvArthAdhigamasUtra jaise AraMbhika darzanagrantha meM upalabdha hotA hai / AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne mUla meM Agama kA anusaraNa karate hue do nayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA aura dArzanika yuga ke naigama Adi nayoM kA ina do mUla nayoM meM samAveza kiyA / A0 siddhasena kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve naigamAdi sAta nayoM meM naigamanaya kA niSedha karake mAtra chaha nayoM ko hI svIkAra karate haiM / naigamanaya ko asvIkAra karane kA mUlabhUta kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki koI bhI naya vastu ke svarUpa para koI eka hI dRSTikoNa se vicAra kara sakatA hai| kyoMki naigama meM sAmAnya 1. sabhASya tattvArthAdhigamasUtram, bhASAnuvAda, paM0 khUbacandrajI, zrImadAjacandra Azrama, agAsa 1932, pR0 63. 1. sanmatiprakaraNa, prathama kANDa tathA tRtIya kANDa / 3. titthayara vayaNa saMgaha-visesa patthAramUlavAgaraNI / davvaDhio ya pajjavaNao ya sesA vikappA siM // sanmatiprakaraNa- 1.3. 4. sanmatiprakaraNa- 1.4-5.

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182 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana aura vizeSa aise donoM dRSTikoNoM kA antarbhAva mAnA gayA thA / isalie vaha svatantra naya yA dRSTi nahIM ho sakatA / yadi naigama dravya ko akhaNDita rUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai to vaha saMgrahanaya meM antarnihita hogA aura yadi vaha vastu ko bhedarUpa meM yA vizeSa rUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai to vaha vyavahAranaya meM AbhAsita hogA / isa prakAra naigamanaya sAMyogika naya ho sakatA hai, kintu svatantra naya nahIM ho sakatA hai / A0 siddhasena divAkara ne nayoM kA eka vibhAjana sunaya aura durnaya ke rUpa meM bhI kiyA hai / vastutaH jaba pratyeka naya - dRSTi ko kisI darzana vizeSa ke sAtha saMyojita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA to jainasaMgha meM yaha prazna sAmayika rUpa se utpanna huA hogA ki pratyeka darzana kisI naya - vizeSa para Azrita / AdhArita hai isalie vaha darzana samyagdarzana hI mAnA jAyegA, mithyAdarzana nahIM mAnA jAyegA / isa Apatti kA uttara dene ke lie hI sAmAnyatayA AcArya siddhasena ne nayoM ke do prakAroM arthAt sunaya aura durnaya kI udbhAvanA kI hogI / kyoMki kisI naya vizeSa ko svIkAra karake bhI dRSTikoNa AgrahI ho to vaha dRSTikoNa samyak nahIM ho sakatA / jo naya athavA dRSTi apane ko hI ekamAtra satya mAne aura dUsare kA niSedha kare, vaha dRSTi samyak dRSTi yA sunaya nahIM ho sakatI / anya darzana yadi apane hI dRSTikoNa ko ekamAtra satya mAneMge to ve nayAzrita hokara bhI sunaya kI koTi meM nahIM rakhe jAyeMge, apitu unakA vaha dRSTikoNa durnaya kahA jAyegA kyoMki vaha anekAntadRSTi kA niSedhaka hogA / A0 siddhasena ke anusAra jo naya dUsare nayoM arthAt dRSTiyoM kA niSedhaka nahIM hotA, vaha sunaya hotA hai / usake viparIta jo naya apane atirikta dUsare nayoM kA niSedha karatA hai yA unheM mithyA mAnatA hai, vaha naya durnaya me Aropita hotA hai / AcArya siddhasena ke naya - vivecana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki nayadRSTi 1. jaha ee taha aNNe patteyaM duNNayA NayA savve / haMdi hu mUlaNayANaM paNNavaNe vAvaDA te vi // 2. sanmatiprakaraNa- 1.22 - 28. sanmatiprakaraNa- 1.15.

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nayavicAra 183 ke samyak yA mithyA hone kA AdhAra unake dvArA anya nayoM ke niSedha para AdhArita hai / jo naya apane atirikta anya nayoM yA dRSTikoNoM ko svIkAra karatA hai, vaha samyak hotA hai / isI AdhAra para unhoMne jainadarzana ko mithyAmata samUha ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vibhinna naya dRSTiyA~ jo apane Apa meM kendrita rahakara anya kI niSedhaka hone ke kAraNa mithyAdRSTi hotI haiM, vahI jaba eka-dUsare se samanvita ho jAtI haiM to samyak dRSTi bana jAtI hai / isI artha meM AcArya siddhasena ne jainadarzana ko mithyAmata-samUha kahA / kyoMki vaha anekAnta ke AdhAra para vibhinna naya yA dRSTikoNa ko samanvita kara letA hai / AcArya siddhasena ke naya cintana kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne naya cintana ko eka vyApaka parimANa pradAna kiyA / dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika dRSTi ke sau-sau bhedoM kI kalpanA Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM upalabdha hotI hai / isI prakAra yadi anya nayoM ke bhI sau-sau naya kalpita kie jAyeM to nayoM ke sarvAdhika bhedoM ke AdhAra para sAta sau nayoM kI bhI kalpanA samucita mAnI jA sakatI hai / A0 mallavAdI ke dvAdazAra-nayacakra meM nayoM ke ina sAta sau bhedoM kA nirdeza mAtra prApta hotA hai / saMbhavataH nayoM ke sAta sau bheda karane kI yaha paramparA dvAdazAranayacakra ke pUrva kI hogI / hama dekhate haiM ki A0 siddhasena divAkara ne sarvaprathama eka kadama Age bar3hakara yaha kahA thA ki nayoM kI saMkhyA asaMkhya ho sakatI hai / vastutaH vastu ke pratipAdana kI jitanI zailiyA~ ho sakatI haiM 1. bhaI micchAdaMsaNasamUhamaiyassa amayasArassa / jiNavayaNassa bhagavao saMviggasuhAhigammassa // sanmatiprakaraNa- 3.69. 2. arhatpraNIta naigamAdi pratyeka zata saMkhya prabhedAtmaka saptanayazatAranayacakrAdhyayanAnusAriSu / nayacakra-vRtti, pR0 886. ekkeko ya satavidho. (Ava0 ni0 759).....ti tasya zatabhedasya saptanayazatAranayacakre / nayacakra-vRtti, mAilla dhavala, saM0 paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 1971, pR0 789.

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184 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana utane hI naya yA nayadRSTiyA~ ho sakatI haiM / evaM jitanI hI nayadRSTiyA~ hotI haiN| utane hI para - darzana hote haiM / kyoMki pratyeka darzana kisI dRSTivizeSa ko svIkAra karake vastu-tattva kA vivecana karatA hai? / AcArya siddhasena kA nayoM ke saMdarbha meM yaha ati vyApaka dRSTikoNa paravartI jaina-granthoM meM yathAvata mAnya rahA hai / vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke karttA jinabhadra (prAyaH IsvI0 550 -594) ne bhI nayoM ke saMdarbha meM isa vyApaka dRSTikoNa ko svIkAra kiyA hai / siddhasena ke sanmatiprakaraNa kI "jAvaiyA vayaNavahA" gAthA kiJcit pAThAntara ke sAtha vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM upalabdha hotI hai? / vastutaH nayadRSTi eka baMdhI baMdhAI dRSTi nahIM hai / isameM eka vyApakatA rahI huI hai aura jaina AcAryoM ne isa vyApakadRSTi ko AdhAra mAna kara apane-apane DhaMga se nayoM kA vivecana bhI kiyA hai / A0 dvAdazAra - nayacakra meM Agama- prasiddha nayoM ke dvividha vargIkaraNoM ko svIkAra karake unameM darzanayuga ke sAta nayoM kA samAveza to kiyA hI gayA hai kintu isake atirikta jainadarzana meM anyatra anupalabdha aise vidhi, niyama, vidhi-vidhi Adi bAraha nayoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai / unake dvArA yaha naya dvAdazavidha naya vargIkaraNa kisa prakAra se dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika aise dvividha aura naigama Adi sAta nayoM meM antarbhAvita hotA hai, yaha nimna tAlikA se spaSTa hotA hai 1. jAvaiyA vayaNavahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti NayavAyA / jAvaiyA NayavAyA tAvaiyA ceva para samayA // 2. jAvanto vayaNapahA tAvanto vA nayA visaddAo / te ceva yA parasamayA sammattaM samudiyA savve // vizeSAvazyakabhASya, svopajJavRtti sahita, saM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda - 9, prathama saMskaraNa, 1968, dvitIya bhAga2736, pR0 527. 3. tayorbhaGgAH - 1 vidhiH, 2 vidhi-vidhiH, 3 vidhevidhi - niyamam 4 vidherniyama:, 5 vidhiniyamam, 6 vidhi-niyamasya vidhiH, 7 vidhiniyamasya vidhiniyamam, 8 vidhiniyamasya niyamaH, 9 niyama:, 10, niyamasya vidhiH, 11 niyamasya vidhiniyamam, 12 niyamasya niyamaH // dvAdazAra- nayacakra, pR0 10. sanmatiprakaraNa- 3.47.

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nayavicAra 185 1. vidhiH dravyArthika vyavahAra 2. vidhividhiH dravyArthika saMgrahanaya 3. vidyubhayam dravyArthika saMgrahanaya 4. vidhiniyamaH dravyArthika saMgrahanaya 5. ubhayam dravyArthika naigamanaya 6. ubhayavidhiH dravyArthika naigamanaya 7. ubhayobhayam paryAyArthika RjusUtra 8. ubhayaniyamaH paryAyArthika zabdanaya 9. niyamaH paryAyArthika zabdanaya 10. niyamavidhiH paryAyArthika samabhirUr3ha 11. niyamobhayam paryAyArthika evaMbhUtanaya 12. niyamaniyamaH paryAyArthika evaMbhUtanaya uparokta bAraha "ara'' dvAdazAra-nayacakra kI apanI viziSTatA haiM / vidhi evaM niyama zabda kA Artha anukrama se sat kA svIkAra evaM asvIkAra hai / ina do zabdoM ke saMyojana se hI bAraha bheda kie gae haiM / isameM usa yuga ke samasta bhAratIya darzana kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| prathama cAra ara meM sat ko nitya mAnanevAle darzanoM kA samAveza kiyA hai / ubhayAdi cAra ara meM sat ko nityAnityAtmaka mAnanevAle darzanoM kA aura antima cAra ara meM sat ko anitya mAnanevAle darzanoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra jainadarzana meM nayoM kA kramika vikAsa huA hai kintu dvAdazAra-nayacakra meM prayukta zailI evaM nayoM ke nAma nayacakra ke pUrvavartI yA paravartI sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hote| 1. tatra vidhibhaGgAzcatvAra AdyA ubhayabhaGgA madhyamAzcatvAro niyamabhaGgAzcatvAraH pAzcAtyA yathAsaMkhyaM nityapratijJAH, nityAnityapratijJAH anityapratijJAzca / dvAdazAra-nayacakra-vRtti, pR0 977

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upasaMhAra svatantra dArzanika cintana kI dRSTi se bhAratIya-darzana paramparA meM zramaNaparamparA kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| zramaNa-paramparA kA yaha vaiziSTya rahA hai ki usane darzana ko AsthA kI apekSA tArkika AdhAra para prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / vartamAna meM zramaNa paramparA ke jo darzana upalabdha haiM unameM pramukha rUpa se cArvAka, bauddha aura jaina darzanoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / yadyapi Aja AjIvaka Adi zramaNa-paramparA ke kucha darzana apane suvyavasthita rUpa meM anupalabdha haiM aura sAMkhya tathA yoga jaise kucha darzanoM ko Astika darzanoM ke varga meM samAhita karake vaidika darzana paramparA kA hI aMga mAne jAne lagA hai / bhAratIya dArzanika cintana kI jo vividha dhArAe~ astitva meM AIM unake bIca samanvaya sthApita karane kA kAma jainadarzana ne apane nayavAda ke mAdhyama se prArambha kiyA thA / bauddha darzana se bhinna jainadarzana kA yaha vaiziSTya rahA ki jahA~ bauddha dArzanikoM ne apane se bhinna darzana paramparA meM doSoM kI udbhAvanA dikhAkara mAtra unheM nakArane kA kAma kiyA, vahA~ jaina dArzanikoM ne yadyapi vibhinna darzana paramparAoM kI samIkSA to kI, kintu unheM nakArane ke sthAna para unameM ekAMgI hone kA doSa dikhAkara unheM paraspara samanvita aura saMyojita karane kA prayatna kiyA / jaina dArzanikoM kA yaha udghoSa thA ki jo bhI darzana apane ko hI ekamAtra satya mAnatA hai evaM dUsare darzanoM ko asatya kahakara nakArane kA prayatna karatA hai vaha mithyAdarzana hai / kintu ve hI vibhinna darzana jaba vibhinna apekSAoM ke AdhAra para eka-dUsare se samanvita ho jAte haiM, to ve satyatA ko prApta kara lete haiM / pratyeka darzana apane se virodhI mata

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upasaMhAra 187 kA nirapekSa rUpa se khaNDana karane ke kAraNa durnaya (mithyAdarzana) hotA hai, kintu vahI darzana anekAntavAda meM sthAna pAkara sunaya (samyak darzana) bana jAtA hai / AcArya siddhasena ne pRthak-pRthak darzanoM ko ratnoM kI upamA dI aura yaha batAyA ki ve darzana pRthak-pRthak rUpa meM kitane hI mUlyavAna kyoM na hoM hAra kI zobhA ko prApta nahIM kara pAte / unheM hAra kI zobhA ko prApta karane ke lie eka sUtra meM Abaddha honA hogA / jaina vicArakoM kA anekAntavAda vibhinna dArzanika matavAdoM ko sUtrabaddha karane kA eka prayatna hai / AcArya mallavAdI kA isa dizA meM eka mahattvapUrNa avadAna dvAdazAra nayacakra ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane hai / anekAntavAda ke kAraNa jainadarzana meM jo vizeSatA AyI vaha yaha hai ki jainadarzana ke adhyayana ke lie aura usake samyak prastutIkaraNa ke lie anya dArzanika paramparAoM kA adhyayana Avazyaka mAnA gayA / / yahI kAraNa thA ki bhAratIya darzana paramparA ke itihAsa meM darzana saMgrAhaka granthoM kI sarvaprathama racanA jaina paramparA meM hI huI / jaina dArzanikoM meM AcArya siddhasena divAkara (4 zatI ) prathama AcArya haiM, jinhoMne apane suprasiddha grantha sanmati-prakaraNa meM vibhinna dArzanika matoM ko samIkSita aura samanvita karane kA prayAsa kiyA / yadyapi AcArya siddhasena ke samakAlIna bauddha dArzanikoM ne bhI vibhinna dArzanika matavAdoM kI samIkSA kI thI kintu unhoMne mAtra unameM doSoM kI udbhAvanA kara unheM nirasta karane kA hI prayAsa kiyA, jaba ki AcArya siddhasena ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha udghoSaNA kI ki jaba taka pratyeka darzana (naya)pRthak-pRthak hotA hai, taba taka vaha apanI hI satyatA ke mithyA abhiniveza ke kAraNa hI mithyA rahatA hai, kintu jaba vaha anaikAntika aura anAgrAhI dRSTi ko svIkAra kara eka-dUsare kI sApekSika satyatA ko svIkAra karate hue unameM sAmaMjasya sthApita karatA hai to vaha samyak bana jAtA hai| isI krama meM unhoMne Age yaha batAyA thA kI sAMkhyadarzana dravyArthika-naya ko pradhAna mAnakara aura saugata-darzana paryAyArthika-naya ko pradhAna mAnakara apanI vivecanA prastu karatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM ukta donoM nayoM ko apekSA-bheda se aura viSayabheda ke AdhAra para pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai / isa prakAra eka samanvaya

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188 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana kI dRSTi ko lekara AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne jisa paramparA ko prastuta kiyA thA, hamAre Alocya grantha dvAdazAra nayacakra meM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (5vIM zatI) ke dvArA usI dRSTikoNa ko saMpoSita kiyA gayA / prastuta grantha aura granthAkAra ke vaiziSTya ko sthApita karate hue jainavidyA ke mUrdhanya vidvAna paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne likhA hai ki"bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda bhAratIya cintana meM tAtvika darzanoM kI bAr3ha A gaI thii| sAmAnyatayA yaha kaha denA ki sabhI nayoM (darzanoM), mantavyoM, matavAdoM kA samUha anekAntavAda hai, yaha eka bAta hai kintu una mantavyoM ko vizeSa rUpa se vicArapUrvaka anekAntavAda ke vyApaka pariprekSya meM sthApita karanA yaha dUsarI bAta hai / yaha mahattvapUrNa kArya yadi kisI jaina dArzanika ne kiyA to unameM prathama nAma AcArya mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (I0 sana0 5vIM zatI) kA hai / grantha aura granthakAra kI isI vizeSatA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara isa grantha ko apanI gaveSaNA kA viSaya banAyA thA / AcArya mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne dvAdazAra nayacakra meM apane anupama dArzanika pANDitya kA paricaya to diyA hI hai kintu unake sAtha-sAtha unhoMne bhAratI dArzanika itihAsa kI eka apUrva sAmagrI ko AgAmI pIr3hI ke lie chor3A bhI hai / " unhoMne samIkSAtmakasamanvaya kI dArzanika paddhati pradAna kI hai vaha unakA bhAratIya darzana ke kSetra meM sabase mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai / kintu bhAratIya darzana kA yaha durbhAgya thA ki AcArya mallavAdI kA yaha mahattvapUrNa dArzanika grantha kAlakrama meM naSTa ho gayA; mAtra usakI AcArya siMhasenasari kI eka TIkA hI upalabdha ho sakI / kintu usa TIkA meM grantha ke aMzoM kI vyAkhyA hI thI, sampUrNa grantha usa TIkA grantha meM bhI upalabdha nahIM thA / ataH usa TIkA ke AdhAra para bhI mUla grantha ko punaH vyavasthita karanA eka durUha kArya thA / pUjya muni jambUvijayajI ne isa durUha kArya ko hAtha meM liyA aura tibbatI bhASA meM anudita prAcIna bauddha granthoM meM prastuta grantha ke jo-jo aMza upalabdha ho sake unakA adhyayana karake, isa grantha ko vyavasthita kiyA / mallavAdI ke isa grantha meM aneka lupta granthoM ke uddharaNa evaM lupta dArzanika vAdoM kI samIkSA hai, jo darzana ke itihAsa kI daSTi se

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189 upasaMhAra mahattvapUrNa hai / isa dRSTi se yaha grantha na kevala jainadarzana kA apitu bhAratIya vAGmaya kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / isa grantha meM nayoM ke vivecana aura prastutIkaraNa kI jo zailI hai vaha bhI abhUtapUrva hai / isake pUrva aura pazcAt ke kisI bhI jaina dArzanika grantha meM isa zailI kA anusaraNa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / isakA yaha vaiziSTya vidvAnoM ke sAmane lAnA Avazyaka thA / yahI socakara hamane isa grantha ko apane zodha kA viSaya nirdhArita kiyA thA / isa grantha ke adhyayana-krama meM hamane sarvaprathama to yaha pAyA ki munizrI jambUvijayajI ke grantha ke punaruddhAra ke zramasAdhya kArya ke bAvajUda bhI grantha ke mUla svarUpa kA pUrNarUpa se punarnirmANa saMbhava nahIM ho pAyA hai / munizrI ne kevala bauddha grantha pramANasamuccaya aura usakI TIkA ke AdhAra para hI isakI puna:racanA kA kArya kiyA thA / ho sakatA hai ki tibbatI bhASA meM anUdita anya bauddha granthoM meM isake uddharaNa hoM / kintu na to abhI taka tibbatI grantha prakAzita hue haiM aura na hI unake anuvAda prakAzita hue haiM / isalie hama bhI isa dizA meM kucha Age kadama nahIM rakha pAe haiM / kintu apekSA hai ki bhaviSya meM koI zodha adhyetA isa kamI ko pUrA karegA / jahA~ taka grantha ke vaiziSTya kA prazna hai, isameM nayacakra kI avadhAraNA ke mAdhyama se usa yuga ke sabhI dArzanika matoM ko kramapUrvaka prastuta evaM samIkSita kiyA gayA hai / isameM naya zabda eka-eka darzana paramparA kA paricAyaka hai / AcArya mallavAdI ne ina nayoM kA nAmakaraNa evaM vargIkaraNa bhI apane hI DhaMga se vidhi, niyama Adi ke rUpa meM nimna bAraha vibhAgoM meM kiyA hai : ara kA nAma carcita viSaya vidhiH ajJAnavAda vidhi-vidhiH kAraNavAda vidhyubhayam IzvaravAda 4. vidhi-niyamaH karmavAda vidhi-niyamau dravya-kriyAvAda 6. vidhiniyama-vidhiH bhedavAda 3

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dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana apohavAda zabdAdvaitavAda/ jAtivAda sAmAnya- vizeSavAda vaktavya -avaktavyavAda kSaNikavAda zUnyavAda / vijJAnavAda isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki pratyeka 'ara' (adhyAya) kisI eka dArzanika matavAda kA prastutIkaraNa karatA hai phira dUsare ara ke Adi meM usa dArzanika mata kI samIkSA prastuta kI jAtI hai aura usake virodhI matavAda kA udbhAvana karake usakA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra krama se eka darzana kI samIkSA ke AdhAra para dUsare darzana kI udbhAvanA karake isa grantha meM samasta bhAratIya darzanoM ko eka cakra ke rUpa meM suniyojita evaM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / ina saba meM jainadarzana kI bhUmikA ko eka taTastha dRSTA ke rUpa meM rakhA gayA hai / usameM nityavAda kA khaNDana anityavAda se aura anityavAda kA khaNDana nityavAda se karavA kara yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki una mAnyatAoM meM kyA kamiyA~ haiM / kintu nayacakra kI yaha bhI vizeSatA hai ki vaha mAtra eka pakSa kA khaNDana hI dUsare pakSa se nahIM karavAtA hai apitu pUrva pakSa meM jo guNa hai use svIkAra bhI karatA hai / vibhinna jainetara darzanoM ko hI naya mAnakara isa grantha kI racanA huI hai / isa grantha ke vaiziSTya ke saMbandha meM paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA kathana hai ki isa grantha meM jainetara mantavya jo loka meM pracalita the unhIM ko naya mAnakara unakA saMgraha vividha naya ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai aura yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki jainadarzana kisa prakAra sarvanayamaya hai / 190 ubhayobhayam ubhayaniyamaH 9. niyamaH 10. niyamavidhiH 11. niyamobhayam 12. niyama-niyamaH 7. 8. prastuta adhyayana ke agrima adhyAyoM meM hamane nayacakra meM upasthita vibhinna dArzanika matavAdoM kI dArzanika samasyAoM ke AdhAra para Adhunika dRSTi se prastuta kiyA hai aura bhAratIya darzana kI pramukha samasyAoM ke saMdarbha meM hI grantha kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai /

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upasaMhAra 191 prathama adhyAya-jaina dArzanika paramparA kA itihAsa, A0 mallavAdI aura unakA grantha. grantha ke sAtha isa grantha ke granthakAra ke vyaktitva aura kRtitva kA adhyayana bhI Avazyaka hotA hai / isa sandarbha meM hamArA niSkarSa yaha hai ki mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa siddhasena ke pazcAt jaina paramparA ke pramukha tArkika evaM vAdI haiM / siddhasena ke pazcAt jo tArkika jaina paramparA meM hue haiM unameM zvetAmbara paramparA meM prathama nAma A0 mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa kA evaM digambara paramparA meM prathama nAma AcArya samantabhadra kA AtA hai| isa dRSTi se jainadarzana ko tarkayaga meM praveza dilAnevAle A0 mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa eka mahattvapUrNa vyaktitva haiM / yadyapi A0 mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ke kAla kA nirdhAraNa eka kaThina samasyA hai kintu isa sambandha meM vidvAnoM kA jo prayAsa huA hai usI ke AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke AcArya haiM / ye jainadharma kI zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha rahe haiM isa sambandha meM koI saMdeha nahIM hai / inake grantha kI TIkA meM inheM sitapaTTa kahA gayA hai / ata: inake jainadharma kI zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke sambandha meM koI vivAda nahIM hai| jahA~ taka A0 mallavAdI kI kRtiyoM kA savAla hai unakI tIna kRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai / kintu durbhAgya se Aja unakI eka bhI kRti upalabdha nahIM hai| kintu nizcita hai ki inakI ye kRtiyA~ gyArahavIM zatI taka upalabdha thIM / jahA~ taka unakI kRtiyoM ke naSTa hone ke kAraNoM kA savAla hai hama spaSTa rUpa se isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki A0 mallavAdI kI gambhIra dArzanika zailI aura grantha kA naya kA sambandhita pracalita paramparA se bhinna honA hI aise kAraNa the jinase ina granthoM ke adhyayana kI paramparA jIvita nahIM rahI aura ina granthoM para paravartI kAla meM koI TIkA Adi bhI nahIM racI gii| dvitIya adhyAya-anubhava aura buddhivAda kI samasyA isa zodhaprabandha ke dUsare adhyAya meM hamane anubhavavAda aura buddhivAda ke sandarbha meM vicAra kiyA hai / yaha eka suspaSTa tathya hai ki anubhavavAda aura

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192 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana buddhivAda kI dArzanika paramparAe eka-dUsare ke virodha meM khar3I huI hai / inake mukhya vivAda kA viSaya yahI hai ki pramANita jJAna kI upalabdhI ke prasaMga meM anubhava aura buddhi meM kauna mahattvapUrNa hai ? AcArya mallavAdI kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne apane isa grantha kA prArambha anubhavavAda ke prastutIkaraNa se hI kiyA hai / unhoMne apane grantha ke prathama ara meM Anubhavika AdhAroM ke stara para dArzanika matoM kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai / ina dArzanika matoM meM isa bAta para sahamati pAI jAtI hai ki vastu kA svarUpa vahI hai jaisA ki janasAdhAraNa ke dvArA anubhava meM vaha gRhIta hotA hai / jahA~ buddhivAdI vastu svarUpa ke pratipAdana meM tArkika saMgati kA prazna upasthita karate haiM vahA~ anubhavavAdI tArkika saMgati para bala na dekara unakI anubhUti ko hI pradhAna mAnate haiM / ina anubhavavAdi dArzanikoM ko prAcIna bhAratIya paramparA meM ajJAnavAdI ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / inheM ajJAnavAdI isalie kahA jAtA hai ki ye tArkikatA ko mahattva nahIM dete haiM / isalie na kevala anubhavavAdiyoM ko apitu karmakANDAtmaka / mImAMsAdarzana ko AcArya mallavAdI ne isI ajJAnavAdI varga meM rakhA hai / AcArya mallavAdI ne apane grantha ke dUsare varga meM tarka- buddhi ke AdhAra para anubhavavAdI mAnyatA kI samIkSA prastuta kI hai aura jJAnavAda yA tarka- buddhivAda kI udbhAvanA kI hai / hamAre dvitIya adhyAya kI viSaya - sAmagrI A0 mallavAdI ke prathama aura dvitIya ara se sambandhita hai / isameM niSkarSa ke rUpa meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki anubhavavAda aura tarka - buddhivAda donoM hI ekAMgI haiM aura sat ina donoM ke samanvaya meM hI rahA huA hai 1 tRtIya adhyAya-kAraNavAda prastuta zodhaprabandha ke tRtIya adhyAya meM sRSTi ke kAraNa kI samasyA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isa adhyAya meM hama pAte haiM ki A0 mallavAdI ne apane yuga meM pracalita vibhinna kAraNavAdoM kA prastutIkaraNa aura samIkSA kI hai / kramika rUpa se A0 mallavAdI ne kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, bhAvavAda ( vijJAnavAda) yadRcchAvAda, karmavAda Adi matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / hama dekhate haiM ki inameM se adhikAMza matoM kI carcA zvetAzvatara upaniSad ke

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upasaMhAra 193 prArambha meM pAI jAtI hai / A0 mallavAdI kA vaiziSTya yaha hai ki unhoMne ina sabhI vAdoM kI tArkika samIkSA kI hai aura inakI aikAntikatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai / yadyapi apanI taTastha dRSTi ke kAraNa A0 mallavAdI ne spaSTa rUpa se kisI bhI eka kA pakSa nahIM liyA hai phira bhI jaina cintana se prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa karmavAda meM ina sabakA samanvaya dekhA hai / caturtha adhyAya-Izvara kI avadhAraNA prastuta zodhaprabandha ke caturtha adhyAya meM hamane nyAyadarzana kI Izvara kI sRSTi kartRtva kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta kiyA hai / A0 mallavAdI ne nyAyadarzana kI Izvara kI avadhAraNA kA citraNa dvAdazAra nayacakra ke tIsare ara meM kiyA hai / sAtha hI unhoMne apane grantha ke caturtha ara meM Izvara ke sRSTi kartRtva kI samIkSA bhI prastuta kI hai / isa sambandha meM A0 mallavAdI kA dRSTikoNa spaSTa hai / eka ora ve Izvara kI sRSTikartRtva kI avadhAraNA kA asvIkAra karate haiM kintu dUsarI ora yaha kahakara kI pratyeka vyakti apane karma kA kartA hai aura karma ke kartA ke rUpa meM vaha apane bhAvI kA nirmAtA yA sRSTikartA hai aura isIlie vaha sRSTikartA bhI hai / isa prakAra A0 mallavAdI ne Izvara ke sRSTi-kartRtva kI avadhAraNA kA jainadarzana ke karmavAda se samanvaya kiyA hai / apane adhyayana ke krama meM hamane yaha pAyA hai ki AcArya haribhadrasUri ne apane zAstravArtA-samucyaya meM Izvara ke sRSTi-kartRtva kA jainadarzana ke sAtha samanvaya kiyA thA / isakA artha yaha hai ki A0 haribhadra A0 mallavAdI ke cintana se prabhAvita the / paJcama adhyAya-sat ke svarUpa kI samasyA prastuta zodhaprabandha ke paJcama adhyAya meM hamane sata ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA hai / apane adhyayana ke krama meM hamane yaha pAyA ki A0 mallavAdI ne apane grantha dvAdazAra nayacakra ke vibhinna aroM meM sat sambandhI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM jaise nityavAda, anityavAda, nityAnityavAda Adi kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA / unhoMne nityavAda kI samIkSA anityavAda ke mAdhyama se aura anityavAda kI samIkSA nityavAda ke dvArA kI hai| nityavAda . For Private &Personal Use Only

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194 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana aura anityavAda doSoM kA pradarzana karake unhoMne nityAnityavAda kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA, kintu use bhI aikAntika pAyA / isake sAtha hI unhoMne apane grantha meM sat ke citta-acitta, eka-aneka hone ke praznoM ko bhI uThAyA hai / A0 mallavAdI kA vaiziSTaya yaha hai ki ve ina sabhI avadhAraNAoM para taTastha dRSTi se vicAraNA karate haiM aura unakI samIkSA karate hue unake doSoM ko spaSTa kara dete haiM / ve yaha batAte haiM ki nityavAda meM parivartana sambhava nahIM hote haiM aura isalie vaha parivartanazIla jagat kI vyAkhyA karane meM asamartha hai / isI prakAra anityavAda jisakI carcA unhoMne kSaNikavAda ke rUpa meM kI hai vaha karma siddhAnta ke virodha meM jAtA hai / yadyapi nityAnityavAda ko svIkAra karake nityavAda aura anityavAda ke doSoM se bacA jA sakatA hai vahIM nityAnityavAda meM jo tArkika asaMgati hai use bhI asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / SaSThama adhyAya - dravya-guNa- paryAya kA sambandha prastuta zodhaprabandha ke SaSThama adhyAya meM dravya-guNa aura paryAya ke svarUpa evaM pArasparika sambandha meM vistRta carcA kI gaI hai / isa adhyAya kA vivecya bindu dravya-guNa aura paryAya kI pArasparika bhinnatA aura abhinnatA se sambandhita hai / jahA~ nyAya-vaizeSika Adi dArzanika dravya, guNa, karma ko ekadUsare se svatantra mAnate haiM vahA~ kucha abhedavAdI cintaka inakI svatantra sattA ko asvIkAra karate haiM / unakI dRSTi meM dravya hI sat hai / guNa aura paryAya kA koI svatantra astitva nahIM hai / A0 mallavAdI ne isa sambandha meM bheda dRSTi evaM abheda dRSTi donoM kI samIkSA kI hai, aura ve siddhasena kA anusaraNa karate hue yaha mAnate haiM ki dravya, guNa aura paryAya ina tInoM kI sApekSika sattA hai / dravya ke binA guNa aura paryAya kA tathA guNa aura paryAya ke binA dravya kA svatantra astitva nahIM hai / saptama adhyAya - kriyAvAda - akriyAvAda isa zodhaprabandha ke saptama adhyAya meM kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda ke siddhAntoM kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA kI hai / bhAratIya cintana meM kriyAvAda

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upasaMhAra 195 aura akriyAvAda kI yaha paramparA ati prAcIna hai / isakA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga jaise prAcIna AgamoM meM bhI milatA hai / jahA~ akriyAvAdI AtmA ko kUTastha nitya yA akartA-bhoktA mAnate haiM vahA~ kriyAvAdI unheM kartA-bhoktA ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM / A0 mallavAdI ne kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAdI kI carcA meM na kevala AtmA ke kartRtva bhoktRtva ke vivAda ko uThAyA hai kintu jJAna, moha, kriyA ke sambandhI vivAda ko bhI uThAyA hai| hama yaha pAte haiM ki bhAratIya cintana meM jahA~ Atma akartRtvavAdI vicAraka jJAnavAdI rahe haiM vahA~ AtmA ko kartA evaM bhoktA mAnanevAle vicAraka kriyAvAdI rahe haiN| A0 mallavAdI isa sambandha meM aikAntika dRSTikoNa na rakhakara jJAna aura kriyA ke samanvaya se mukti kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta karate haiM / aSTama adhyAya-sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI samasyA prastuta zodhaprabandha ke aSTama adhyAya meM sattA ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa svarUpa ko lekara paraspara virodhI dRSTikoNoM kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ sAmAnyavAdI sattA ko sAmAnya mAnate haiM vahA~ vizeSavAdI sAmAnya ko kAlpanika batAkara sattA kA svarUpa vizeSa hI batAte haiM / A0 mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne apane grantha dvAdazAra-nayacakra meM sAmAnyavAda ke rUpa meM prAcIna sAMkhyoM ke sarvasarvAtmaka vAda kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai / jabaki vizeSavAda ke rUpa meM bauddhoM ke dRSTikoNa prastuta karate haiN| unhoMne sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM svIkAra karanevAle naiyAyikoM kA vicAra kiyA hai sAtha hI apanI samIkSA meM yaha batAyA hai ki jahA~ sAmAnyavAdI vizeSa ko asvIkAra karane ke kAraNa sarvasarvAtmaka doSa se grasita hotA hai vahA~ vizeSavAdI sAmAnya ko asvIkAra karane ke kAraNa jo jAti kI avadhAraNA hai use hI samApta kara detA hai / A0 mallavAdI kI dRSTi meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM kI pRthak-pRthak sattA mAnanevAle naiyAyikoM kA dRSTikoNa bhI yukti-saMgata nahIM hai / sAmAnya aura vizeSa na to eka-dUsare se pUrNataH pRthak haiM aura na donoM abhinna hI haiN| isa sambandha meM hamane sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke sambandha meM bhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke vicAroM kA prastutIkaraNa aura samIkSA kI hai|

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196 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana navama adhyAya-AtmA kI avadhAraNA isa zodhaprabandha ke navama adhyAya meM hamane AtmA ke astitva aura svarUpa ke sambandha meM A0 mallavAdI ke dvArA prastuta vibhinna dRSTikoNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAtha hI ina AtmA sambandhI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM meM kyA tArkika asaMgatiyA~ haiM unakA citraNa bhI kiyA hai / isa sambandha meM A0 mallavAdI kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki ekAtmavAda aura anekAtmavAda donoM hI avadhAraNAe~ apane aikAntika rUpa meM yuktisaMgata nahIM haiM, jaina Agama granthoM meM ekAtmavAda aura anekAtmavAda donoM kI hI svIkRti hai / cetanA lakSaNa kI dRSTi se sabhI AtmAoM meM ekatva hai vahIM apanI vibhinna paryAyoM kI dRSTi se unakI pRthak-pRthak sattA bhI hai| dazama adhyAya-zabdArtha sambandha kI samasyA prastuta zodhaprabandha ke dazaveM adhyAya meM A0 mallavAdI ke dvArA prastut zabda aura artha ke pArasparika sambandha kI carcA kI gaI hai / A0 mallavAdI ne apane grantha dvAdazAra-nayacakra meM zabda aura artha meM abheda mAnanevAle tathA zabda aura artha meM bheda mAnanevAle donoM hI pakSoM kA udbhAvana kiyA hai sAtha hI unakI samIkSA kI hai / A0 mallavAdI batAte haiM ki zabda aura artha meM aikAntika bheda aura abheda kI avadhAraNA donoM hI yuktisaMgata nahIM haiM / ve unameM vAcyavAcaka bhAva ko svIkAra karake kathaJcit bheda aura kathaJcit abheda kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta karate haiM / ekAdaza adhyAya-sattA kI vAcyatA kA prazna gyArahavA~ adhyAya zabda kI vAcyatA sAmarthya yA sattA kI vaktavyatAavaktavyatA kI carcA karatA hai / isa adhyAya kA vivecya bindu sattA kI nirvacanIyatA, aura anirvacanIyatA hai / isa sambandha meM A0 mallavAdI kA dRSTikoNa samanvayAtmaka hI hai / ve yaha spaSTa karate haiM ki sattA kI anantadharmAtmakatA usakI anirvacanIyatA banAtI hai to dUsarI ora bhASA kI vAcyatA sAmarthya use nirvacanIya banAtI hai / sattA ko ekAnta rUpa se

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upasaMhAra 197 anirvacanIya mAnane para bhASA kI vAcyatA samApta ho jAyegI / sattA ko ekAnta rUpa se nirvacanIya mAnane se bhASA kI sImitatA samApta ho jAyegI / ataH sattA ko kathaJcit nirvacanIya aura kathaJcit anirvacanIya mAnanA hI eka samIcIna dRSTikoNa hai / dvAdaza adhyAya-naya vibhAjana prastuta zodhaprabandha ke dvAdaza adhyAya meM hamane jainoM ke nayoM ke vargIkaraNa kI vibhinna zailI ke sAtha-sAtha yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki nayacakra meM kisa prakAra nayoM ke vargIkaraNa kI paramparAgat zailI kA parityAga karake naI zailI kI udbhAvanA kI gaI hai / vastutaH nayoM ke vargIkaraNa kI naI zailI kI udbhAvanA hI A0 mallavAdI aura unake grantha kA vaiziSTya hai; durbhAgya yahI hai ki A0 mallavAdI kA isa naI zailI kA anusaraNa paravartI jaina AcAryoM ne nahIM kiyA hai / anta meM maiM yahI kahanA cAhU~gA kI bhAratIya darzana kA yaha amUlya grantha jo munizrI jambUvijayajI ke athaka prayatnoM se punaH saMrakSita ho pAyA hai usakI ora vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa hai / yaha isalie Avazyaka hai ki isa grantha ke adhyayana ke abhAva meM bhAratIya darzana ko apanI samagratA meM samajhanA saMbhava nahIM ho pAyegA / jaisA ki hamane prastuta adhyayana meM pAyA hai ki prAcIna bhAratIya darzana kI koI bhI aisI samasyA nahIM hai jisakI udbhAvanA aura samIkSA isameM nahIM ho / ataH prastuta grantha kA adhyayana bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa ke adhyayana ke lie aparihArya hai / prastuta adhyayana to sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana ke pratinidhi rUpa isa mahAgrantha meM eka caMcUpAta hI hai / AzA hai bhaviSya meM vidvat jagat isake adhyayana meM ruci legA aura isake vibhinna pakSoM ko udghATita karake sAmAnya rUpa se bhAratIya cintana kI aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina cintana kI samagratAvAdI dRSTi ko ujAgara kareMge /

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sandarbhagranthasUcI 1. agapaNNatti : AcArya zubhacandra, (hi0 anu0) AryikA supArzvamatI, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSada, prathama saMskaraNa, 1990. 2. atharvaveda saMhitA : harayANA sAhitya saMsthAna, gurukula jhajjara, rohataka, / prathama, vikrama saMvat 2043. 3. aNuogaddArasuttaM : saMpA0 muni puNyavijayajI, paM0 dalasukha mAla vaNiyA, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, 1958. 4. anekAnta jaya patAkA-1, 2 : saMpA0- eca0 Ara0 kApar3iyA, bar3audA oriyanTala insTiTyUTa, 1940, 1947. anyayogavyavacchedikA (syAdvAdamaMjarI) : hemacandrAcArya, saMpA0 DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, tRtIya. abhidhAna rAjendrakoza (1-7) : racanAkAra-zrImad rAjendrasUri, abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa prakAzana saMsthA, ahamadAbAda. 7. AuTalAinsa oNpha iNDiyana philaoNsphI (Izvara mImAMsA) : ema0 hiriyatnA, jaoNrja elena eNDa anavina li0, landana, 1932. 8. Agama yuga kA jainadarzana : paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1966. m

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sandarbhagranthasUcI 199 AcArAMgasUtra : saMpA0 mizrImalajI mahArAja 'madhukara' zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAbara (rAjasthAna), 1990. 9. 10. AtmamImAMsA : paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, zrI jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, banArasa - 5, 1953. 11. AptamImAMsA dIpikA : pro0 udayacandra jaina, gaNeza varNI digambara jaina saMsthAna prakAzana, vArANasI, vIra ni0 saM0 2501. 12. AtmAnanda prakAza : zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, saMvat 2004. 13. Arhatdarzana dIpikA : saMpA0 hIrAlAla, zrI yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, vIra saMvat 2458. 14. Avazyaka niryuktiH : saMpA0 zrI vijayAmRtasUrIzvara zrIharSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, zAMtipurI, saurASTra, 1989. 15. Izvara sambandhI vicAra aura vizva saMskRti : kumArI kaMcanalatA sabbaravAla, harikRSNa premI, arcanA - mandira, haspatAla roDa, lAhaura, 1946. 16. uttarAdhyayana sUtra : saMpA0 puNyavijaya muniH mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, 800 036, prathamavRtti, 1977. 17. utpAdAdisiddhi : zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, kaNapITha bAjAra, sUrata, 1936. 18. upaniSatsaGgrahaH : saMpA0- paNDita jagadIza zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, hilI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1970. 19. upAsakadazAMga : saMpA : muni mizrImala mahArAja 'madhukara' zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, ( rAjasthAna), 1980 . 20. Rk sUkta saMgraha : hindI vyAkhyA- pro0 haridatta zAstrI, ratirAma zAstrI, sAhitya bhaNDAra, subhASa bAjAra, meraTha, prathama saMskaraNa, 1956. *

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200 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana 21. Rgveda saMhitA : hariyANA sAhitya saMsthAn, rohataka (hariyANA) prathama, vikrama saM0 2041. 22. kahAvalI : aprakAzita 23. gaNadharavAda : paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa, 1982. 24. gItA-rahasya (karmayogazAstra) : bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka, rAmacandra balavaMta tilaka, nArAyaNa peTha, puNe, saptam, 1933. 25. gommaThasAra (karmakANDa) : anu0 sva0 paM0 manoharalAla zAstrI, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, dvitIya, 1928 26. jaina tarkabhASA : yazovijaya gaNi, saM0 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1938. 27. jaina thyorIja oNpha riyaliTI eNDa noleja : vAI0 je0 padmarAje, jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, bambaI, 1963. 28. jainadarzana : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, tRtIya, 1974. 29. jaina dArzanika sAhitya ke vikAsa kI : dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, jaina saMskRta saMzodhana maNDala, rUparekhA banArasa, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1952. 30. jaina, bauddha, aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM : DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhA0 1, 2 jayapura,, 1982 31. jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa bhA-3 : pro0 zrI hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA, zrI muktikamala jaina mohana granthamAlA, rAvapurA, baDodarA, prathama, 1970.

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sandarbhagranthasUcI 201 32. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa : nAthUrAma premI, saMzodhita sAhitya mAlA, ThAkuradvAra, bambaI-2, dvitIya, 1956. 33. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada : jugalakizora mukhtAra, zrI vIra zAsana-saMgha prakAza kalakattA, prathama, 1955. 34. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa-1 : paM0 becaradAsa dozI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-5, dvitIya, 1989. 35. jJAnabindu : upAdhyAya yazovijayajI gaNivara, aMdherI gujarAtI jaina saMgha, muMbaI-56, prathama, vi0 sa0 2043. 36. ThANaMgasuttaM- samavAyaMgasuttaM ca : saMpA0 jambUvijaya, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI- 36, prathama 1985. 37. tattvArthavArtika : saMpA0 DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1957. 38. tattvArthasUtra : vi0 phUlacandra zAstrI, zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina (zodha) saMsthAna, vArANasI, dvitIya, 1991. 39. tattvArthAdhigam sUtram : saMzodhaka- rasikadAsa hIrAlAla, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra samiti, bambaI, 1926. / 40. dvAdazAraM nayacakram, 1-2-3 : saMpA0 muni jambUvijaya, zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1966. 41. dvAdazAraM nayacakram : saMpA0 AcArya zrImad vijayalabdhisUri, zrI labdhisUrIzvara jaina granthamAlA, chANI, bar3odarA, prathama, vikrama saM. 2016. 42. dIrghanikAya : bhikkhU jagadIza kazyapa, bihAra rAjakIya pAlI prakAzana maNDala, (bihAra). 1958. on International www.jainelibrary.o

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202 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana 43. dharmottara pradIpa : durvekamizra, saM0 paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla anuzIlana saMsthA, paTanA, dvitIya, 1971. 44. nandIsUtra : saMpA0 muni puNyavijayajI, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, 1968. 45. nayacakra : saMpA0 paM0 kailAzacandra siddhAnta zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, kAzI0 1971. 46. nyAyakusumAMjali : saMpA0 paM0 lakSmaNa zAstrI drAvir3a, caukhambhA saMskRta buka Dipo, banArasa, 1912. 47. nyAyakoza : ma. vAsudeva zAstrI, prAcya vidyA saMzodhana mandira, bambaI, 1928. 48. nyAyadarzanam : saMpA0 anu0 svAmI dvArikAdAsa zAstrI, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzanam, vArANasI-1, prathama, 1966. 49. nyAyadarzanam : AcArya udayavIra zAstrI, virajAnanda vaidika zodha saMsthAna, gAjiyAbAda, 1977. 50. nyAyAvatAra : siddhasena divAkara, TIkA-siddharSigaNi, saM0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, jaina zvetAmbara konpharansa, bambaI, prathama, 1928. 51. nyAyAvatAra vArtika vRtti : saM0paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, prathama vRtti, 1949. 52. paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti : saMzodhaka-paM0 manoharalAla, zrImad rAjacandra ___Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta) tRtIya, vi0 saM0, 2025. 53. prabandhakoza : rAjazekhara sUri, siMghI jaina-granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda. 54. prabandhacintAmaNi : merutuMgAcArya, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda. 55. prabhAvaka carita : zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1987.

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203 sandarbhagranthasUcI 56. pramANa mImAMsA : zrI hemacandrAcArya, saM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, mahendrakumAra zAstrI, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, sarasvatI pustaka bhaNDAra, ahamadAbAda. 1, dvitIya, 1989. 57. puruSasUktam : saM0 duNDirAja zAstrI, haridAsa guptA eNDa sansa, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, banArasa. 58. buddhacarita : dharmAnanda kosambI, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda, 1937. 59. buddhiprakAza (traimAsika) : gujarAta varNAkulara sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda 60. bRhatkalpasUtram-1 : bhadrabAhusvAmI, saM0 caturavijaya, puNyavijaya, pra0 jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, prathama, 1933. 61. bRhad TippanikA : jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka patrikA pariziSTa meM mudrita. 62. mahAbhArata (zAntiparva) : gItApresa, gorakhapura, paMcama, saMvat 2045. 63. mATharavRtti : caukhambhA saMskRta sIrija, kAzI 64. mImAMsA zlokavArttika : kumArilabhaTTa, saM0 durgAdhara jhA, kAmezvara siMha darabhaMgA saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, darabhaMgA, prathama, 1979. 65. yogasUtram : saMpA0 paM0 DhuNDIrAja zAstrI, caukhambhA saMskRta sIrija, banArasa, 1930. 66. rAjendrasUri smAraka grantha : zrI saudharmabRhattapAgacchIya jaina zvetAmbara saMgha, AhIra-bAgarA (rAjasthAna) vi0 saM0 2013. 67. laghIyastrayI (akalaGka granthatrayI) : saMpA0 mahendrakumAra jaina, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, muMbaI. 68. lalita vistarA : haribhadrasUri, RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma.

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204 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana 69. viyAhapaNNati : saMpA0 paM0 becaradAsa je0 doSI, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, 1974. 70. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : anu0 cunnIlAla hukumacanda, ahamadAbAda, AgamoddhAraka samiti, bambaI, vIra saMvat 2453. 71. vaidika sAhitya aura saMskRti : baladeva upAdhyAya, zAradA mandira, gaNeza dIkSata, kAzI, prathama, 1955. 72. vaizeSika darzanam : zrI madanalAla deva zarmA, mithilA vidyApITha, 1957 73. vaizeSika darzanam : zrI kaNAdamaharSi, saM0 anantalAla Thakkura, mithilA vidyApITha, 1957. 74. vaizeSika sUtra (vaizeSika darzana) : paM0 zaMkaradatta zarmA, vaidika pustakAlaya, murAdAbAda, 1964. 75. vyAkaraNa mahAbhASyam : zrImat pataMjali, saM0 paNDita nandakizora zAstrI, zrI rAjasthAna saMskRta kaoNleja, kAzI, saM0 1996. 76. zAstravArtA-samuccaya (kalpalatA) : vyAkhyAkAra-ma0 yazovijaya mahArAja, hindI vyA0-zrI badarInAtha zukla, divyadarzana TrasTa, bambaI, vikrama saMvata0 2036 77. zAstravArtAsamuccayaH : haribhadrasUri, anu0 kRSNakumAra dIkSita, lAlabhAI dalatabhAI, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda, prathama, 1969. 78. zAstravArtA samuccaya : zrI haribhadrasUri, zrI jaina grantha prakAzana sabhA, ahamadAbAda, prathama, 1939. 79. zramaNa : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI / 80. zrImad bhagavadgItA : anu0 zrIharikRSNa dAsa goyanakA, gItA presa, gorakhapura, caturtha, saM0 1995.

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sandarbhagranthasUcI 205 81. zvetAzvataropaniSad : harinArAyaNa ApTe, Ananda Azrama mudraNAlaya, pUNA, 1905. 82. SaDdarzanasamuccaya : saMpA0 DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, prathama, 1970 83. saMyutta nikAya : saMpA0 bhikkhU jagadIza kazyapa, bihAra rAjya pAlI prakAzana maNDala, nAlandA (bihAra), 1959. 84. sanmatitarka-prakaraNam : paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, paM0 becaradAsa dozI, gujarAta purAtattva mandira, ahamadAbAda, saMvat. 1980. 85. sanmati prakaraNa : siddhasena divAkara, saM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, 1963. 86. sabhASya tatvArthAdhigamasUtram : anu0 paM0 khUbacandajI siddhAntazAstrI, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka jaina maNDala, agAsa, 1932. 87. samavAyAMgasUtra : saMpA0 zrI mizrImalajI mahArAja 'madhukara' zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAbara (rAjasthAna) 1982. 88. sarvadarzana saMgraha : bhASyakAra-DaoN0 umAzaMkara 'RSi' caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1984. 89. sarvArthasiddhi : saMpA0 paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, kAzI, 1955. 90. sAMkhyAvRtti : saMpA0 paM0 DhuNDirAjazAstrI, caukhambA, saMskRta sIrija, banArasa, 1985. 91. sAMkhyasUtra : saMpA0 svAmI dvArikAdAsa zAstrI, sudhI prakAzanam, vArANasI, 1987. 92. siddhivinizcaya TIkA : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, prathama, 1951.

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206 dvAdazAra-nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana 93. sUtrakRtAMga 1,2 : saMpA0 zrI mizrImalajI mahArAja 'madhukara' zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAbara, (rAjasthAna), 1982. 94. sthAnAMga-samavAyAMga (gujarAtI) : saMpA0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda-1955. 95. syAdvAda maMjarI : anu0 jagadIza, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, mumbaI, vikrama saMvata0 1991. 96. haribhadrasUri : pro0 hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApaDiyA, prAcya vidyA mandira, ma0 sa0 vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA.

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a0 anu0 aM0 A0 Ava0 ni0 upa0 aulU0 Rg kA0 gA0 TI0 ThA0 di0 dvA0 na0 vR0 dvA0 na0 dvA0 na0 TIkA nyAyapra0 pR0 pU0 prao pro0 bha0 saMketAkSara- sUcI : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : adhyAya anuvAdaka aGka AcArya Avazyaka niyukti upaniSad aulukyadarzana Rgveda kArikA gAthA TIkA ThANAMga digambara dvAdazAranayacakra - vRtti dvAdazAraM nayacakram dvAdazAraM nayacakraTIkA nyAyapraveza pRSTha pUjya prastAvanA prophesara bhagavAn

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208 bhaga0 bhagavatI sU0 bhagavatI A0 bhA0 ma0 mahA0 laghI0 vi0 saM0 vana0 vIra ni0 saM0 vaize0 vyA0 zukla yaju0 zlo0 zvetA 0 sarvadarzana saM0 sarvA0 si0 saM0 sU0 sU0 kR0 sU0 sU0 ni0 gA0 sta0 sthA0 svetAM0' hi0 anu0 :: 43 : : : : : : :: : : : : : 4:3 : : 44 dvAdazAra- nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana bhagavatIsUtra bhagavatI sUtra bhagavatI ArAdhanA bhAga maNDala mahAbhArata vanaparva laghIyastrayI vikrama saMvat vIra nirvANa saMvat vaizeSika vyAkhyA zukla yajurveda zloka zvetAzvataropaniSad sarvadarzana saMgraha sarvArthasiddhi saMpAdaka sUtra sUtrakRtAMgasUtra sUtra niyukti gAthA stabaka sthAnAMgasUtra zvetAmbara hindI anuvAda

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