Prakrit evam Sanskrit Jain Granth Bhumikao ke Aalekh

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith Shajapur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004428/1

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prAcya vidyApITha granthamAlA- 57 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgaha bhAga-5) bNr biur rhii kI bhUmikAoM se sambandhitA jaina Alekha AhasA -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina .. prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.)

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samarpaNa pa. pU. mAlava siMhanI zrI vallabhaku~varajI ma.sA. pa. pU. sevAmUrti zrI pAnaku~varajI ma.sA. / pa. pU. suprasidva vyAkhyAtrI zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU.adhyAtma rasikA zrI maNiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA.

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prAcya vidyApITha graMthamAlA kramAMka sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgraha bhAga - 5 prAkRta evaM saMskRta sAhitya ke jaina graMthoM kI bhUmikAoM se sambandhita Alekha dyApITha ahiMsA Chakke anekAMta Apura * RO yA vidyAsa lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka - prAcya vidyApITha zAjApura (ma.pra.)

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sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgraha bhAga -3 prAkRta evaM saMskRta sAhitya ke jaina graMthoM kI bhUmikAoM se sambandhita Alekha . lekhaka -: DaoN. pro. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka prAcya vidyApITha, dupAr3A roDa, zAjApura (ma.pra.) phona naM. 07364-222218 email - sagarmal.jain@gmail.com prakAzana varSa : 2014-15 kApIrAiTa : lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina mUlya : rupae 200/ sampUrNa seTa (lagabhaga 25 bhAga) : 5000/ mudraka : chAjer3a prinTarI prA. li. 108, sTezana roDa, ratalAma (ma.pra.)

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puNya smRti sva. zrImatI kamalAbAI jaina patni : DaoN. sAgaramala jI jaina janma : mArca 1934, phAlguna pUrNimA dehavilaya : di. 8 akTUbara 2014, zarada pUrNimA

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prakAzakIya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaina vidyA evaM bhAratIya vidyAoM ke bahuzruta vidvAna haiN| unake vicAra evaM Alekha vigata 50 varSoM se yatratatra vibhinna patra-patrikAoM aura saMskRta, prAkRta evaM hindI ke vibhinna graMthoM kI bhUmikAoM ke rUpa meM prakAzita hote rahe haiN| una sabako ekatrita kara prakAzita karane ke prayAsa bhI alpa hI hue haiN| prathamataH unake lagabhaga 100 Alekha sAgaramala jaina abhinaMdana graMtha meM aura lagabhaga 120 Alekha - zramaNa ke vizeSAMkoM ke rUpa meM sAgara jaina vidyA bhAratI' meM athavA 'jaina dharma evaM saMskRti' ke nAma se sAta bhAgoM meM prakAzita hue haiN| kiMtu DaoN. jaina ke lekhoM kI saMkhyA hI 320 se adhika haiN| sAtha hI unhoMne saMskRta evaM prAkRta tathA jaina dharma aura saMskRti se sambaMdhita aneka graMtha kI vistRta bhUmikAeM bhI likhI haiN| unakA yaha samasta lekhana prakIrNa rUpa se bikharA par3A hai| viSayAnurUpa usakA saMkalana bhI nahIM huA hai, unake aneka graMtha bhI aba punaH prakAzana kI apekSA rakha rahe haiM, kiMtu chaha-sAta hajAra pRSThoM kI isa vipula sAmagrI ko samAhita kara prakAzita karanA hamAre lie sambhava nahIM thA- sAdhvIvaryA saumyaguNA zrI jI kA sujhAva rahA ki prathama krama meM unake vIkIrNa AlekhoM ko hI eka sthAna para ekatrita kara prakAzita karane kA prayatna kiyA jaae| unakI yaha preraNA hamAre lie mArgadarzaka banI aura hamane DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke AlekhoM ko saMgrahita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| kArya bahuta vizAla hai, kiMtu jitanA sahaja rUpa se prApta ho sakegA- utanA hI prakAzita karane kA prayatna kiyA jaaegaa| aneka prAcIna patra-patrikAeM pahale hAtha se hI kampoja hokara priMTa hotI thI, sAtha hI ve vibhinna AkAroM aura vividha prakAra ke akSaroM se mudrita hotI thI, una saba ko eka sAija meM aura eka hI phaoNNTa meM prakAzita karanA bhI kaThina thA- ataH unako punaH prakAzita karane hetu unakA punaH TaMkaNa evaM prupharIDiMga Avazyaka thaa| hamAre punaH TaMkaNa ke kArya meM sahayoga kiyA zrI dilIpa nAgara ne evaM prupha saMzodhana ke kArya meM sahayoga kiyAzrI caitanya jI sonI evaM zrI narendra jI gaur3a hama inake evaM mudrAMka AkRti oNphaseTa ujjaina ke sAtha-sAtha ina sabhI ke AbhArI haiN| nareMdra jaina evaM TrasTa maNDala prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura

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viSaya sUcI : bhAga - 5 prAkRta evaM saMskRta sAhitya ke jaina graMthoM kI bhUmikAoM se sambandhita Alekha 1. & - m I * 3 AcArAMgasUtra kI bhUmikA jIvasamAsa kI bhUmikA vasudevahiNDI kI bhUmikA paumacariyaM kI bhUmikA paMcAzaka prakaraNa kI bhUmikA zrAvakadharma kI vidhiprakaraNa kI bhUmikA pravacanasAroddhAra kI bhUmikA tattvArthasUtra kI bhUmikA adhyAtmavAda kI bhUmikA AcAra dinakara kI bhUmikA r ; m 3 9 0 10.

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AcArAMgasUtra kI bhUmikA (I.pU. cauthI zatI) AcArAMgasUtra jaina-Agama sAhitya kA eka prAcInatama graMtha hai, yaha yadyapi ardhamAgadhI meM likhA gayA prAcInatama graMtha hai, kiMtu isake prathama aura dvitIya zrutaskaMdha kI bhASA eka dUsare se pUrNatayA bhinna hai| jahAM prathama zrutaskaMdha meM ardhamAgadhI kA prAcInatama rUpa parilakSita hotA hai, vahAM dvitIya zrutaskaMdha prathama zrutaskaMdha kI apekSA bhASA kI dRSTi se paravartI aura vikasita lagatA hai, yadyapi AcArAMga mUlataH ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA graMtha hai, kiMtu usa para mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prabhAva A gayA hai, phira bhI prathama zrutaskaMdha meM yaha prabhAva nagaNya hI hai| merI dRSTi meM isa prabhAva kA kAraNa mUlataH eka lambI avadhi taka isakA maukhika banA rahanA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki jo aMza spaSTa rUpa se aura sampUrNa rUpa se mahArASTrI ke haiM, ve bAda meM jor3e gae hoN| yadyapi isa sambaMdha meM nizcayAtmaka rUpa se kucha bhI kaha pAnA kaThina hai, phira bhI bhASA sambaMdhI isa prabhAva kA kAraNa uparyukta donoM vikalpoM meM se hI hai| prathama zrutaskaMdha mUlataH aupaniSadika sUtrAtmaka zailI meM likhA gayA hai, jabaki dUsarA mukhya rUpa se vivaraNAtmaka aura padyarUpa meM hai| prathama zrutaskaMdha kI jo bhASA hai, vaha gadya aura padya donoM se bhinna hai, yadyapi prathama zrutaskaMdha meM bhI padya kucha A gae haiM, phira bhI usakI sUtrAtmaka zailI dUsare zrutaskaMdha kI zailI se bhinna hai| hameM to aisA lagatA hai ki prAkRta graMthoM kI racanA meM sarvaprathama AcArAMga kI prathama zrutaskaMdha kI sUtrAtmaka zailI kA vikAsa huA, phira sahaja padya likhe jAne lage, phira usake bAda vikasita stara ke gadya likhe ge| bhASA aura zailI ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se AcArAMga ke donoM zrutaskaMdhoM meM lagabhaga tIna zatAbdiyoM kA aMtara to avazya rahA hogaa| AcArAMga meM AcAra ke siddhAMtoM aura niyamoM ke lie jisa manovaijJAnika AdhArabhUmi aura manovaijJAnika dRSTi ko apanAyA gayA hai, vaha tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie adbhuta AkarSaNa kA viSaya hai| .. AcArAMgasUtra kA pratipAdya viSaya zramaNa-AcAra kA saiddhAMtika evaM vyAvahArika pakSa hai| cUMki mAnavIya AcAra mana aura buddhi se nikaTa rUpa se jur3A huA hai, ataH yaha svAbhAvika hai ki AcAra ke sambaMdha meM koI bhI prAmANika ciMtana manovaijJAnika satyoM ko nakAra kara Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA hai| hameM kyA honA cAhie- yaha bahuta kucha isa bAta para

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nirbhara karatA hai ki hama kyA haiM aura kyA ho sakate haiM? hamArI kSamatAeM evaM sambhAvanAeM kyA haiM? AcaraNa ke kisI sAdhya aura siddhAMta kA nirdhAraNa sAdhaka kI manovaijJAnika prakRti ko samajhe binA sambhava nahIM hai| hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki AcArAMga meM AcAra ke siddhAMtoM evaM niyamoM ke pratipAdana meM kisa sImA taka isa dArzanika manovaijJAnika evaM samAjazAstrIya dRSTi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| astitva sambaMdhI jijJAsA : mAnavIya buddhi kA prathama prazna . AcArAMgasUtra ke utthAna meM hI hameM usakI dArzanika dRSTi kA paricaya mila jAtA hai| sUtra kA prArambha hI astitva sambaMdhI mAnavIya jijJAsA se hotA hai| pahalA hI prazna hai atthi me AyA uvavAie, natthi meM AyA uvvaaie| ke ahaM AsI ke vA io cuo ihapeccA bhavissAmi // -1 / 1 / 1 / 3 isa jIvana ke pUrva merA astitva thA,yA nahIM athavA isa jIvana ke pazcAt merI sattA banI rahegI yA nahIM? maiM kyA thA aura mRtyu ke uparAMta kisa rUpa meM hoUMgA? yahI apane astitva kA prazna mAnavIya jijJAsA aura mAnavIya buddhi kA prathama prazna hai, jise sUtrakAra ne sarvaprathama uThAyA hai| manuSya ke lie mUlabhUta prazna apane astitva yA sattA kA hI hai| dhArmika evaM naitika cetanA kA vikAsa bhI isI astitva-bodha yA svarUpa-bodha para AdhArita hai| manuSya kI jIvana dRSTi kyA aura kaisI hogI, yaha bahuta kucha isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki apane astitva, apanI sattA aura svarUpa ke prati usakA dRSTikoNa kyA hai? pApa aura puNya athavA dharma aura adharma kI sArI mAnyatAeM astitva kI dhAraNA para hI khar3I huI haiN| isIlie sUtrakAra ne kahA hai ki jo isa 'astitva' yA sva-sattA ko jAna letA hai vahI AtmavAdI hai, lokavAdI hai, karmavAdI hai aura kriyAvAdI hai| (sohaM se AyAvAI logAvAI kammavAI kiriyAvAI- 1 / 1 / 1 / 4-5) vyakti ke lie mUlabhUta aura sArabhUta tattva usakA apanA astitva hI hai aura sattA yA astitva ke isa mUlabhUta prazna ko uThAkara graMthakAra ne apanI manovaijJAnika dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhI jijIviSA aura jijJAsA mAnava kI mUla pravRttiyAM mAnI gaI haiN| satya kI khoja meM saMdeha (dArzanika jijJAsA) kA sthAna yaha kitanA Azcarya hai ki AcArAMga zraddhA ke sthAna para saMzaya ko satya kI ( 6)

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khoja kA eka Avazyaka caraNa mAnatA hai| sambhavatayA aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jainadharma ke Arambhika kAla meM zraddhA kA tattva itanA pramukha nahIM thaa| AcArAMga meM 'NikkhittadaMDANaM samAhiyANaM pannANamaMtANaM iha mutti maggaM' (1 / 6 / 1) kahakara samAdhi evaM prajJA ke rUpa meM jisa mukti mArga kA vidhAna huA hai, vaha svayaM isa bAta kA saMketa karatA hai ki usa samaya taka darzana yA samyag darzana zabda zraddhA kA sUcaka nahIM thaa| yadyapi AcArAMga meM daMsaNa aura sammata-daMsI zabdoM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai, kiMtu merI dRSTi meM kahIM bhI isakA prayoga zraddhA ke artha meM nahIM huA hai| adhika se adhika ye zabda 'dRSTikoNa' yA 'siddhAMta' ke artha meM prayukta hue haiM, jaise- eyaM pAsagassa daMsaNaM (1 / 3 / 4) / vastutaH, manovaijJAnika dRSTi se kisI bhI dhArmika AMdolana meM zraddhA kA tattva usake paravartI yuga meM jabaki vaha kucha vicAroM evaM mAnyatAoM se Abaddha ho jAtA hai, adhika mahattvapUrNa bana jAtA hai| AcArAMga meM saMzaya kA jo sthAna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, vaha dArzanika dRSTi se kAphI upayogI hai| mAnavIya jijJAsAvRtti ko mahattva dete hue to yahAM taka kahA gayA hai ki saMzaya pariAgao saMsAre parinnaye (1 / 5 / 1)'; arthAt saMzaya ke jJAna se hI saMsAra kA jJAna hotA hai| Aja samasta vaijJAnika jJAna ke vikAsa meM saMzaya (jijJAsA) kI paddhati ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| saMzaya kI paddhati ko Aja eka vaijJAnika paddhati ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta hai| jJAna ke kSetra meM pragati kA yahI ekamAtra mArga hai, jise sUtrakAra ne pUrI taraha samajhA hai| jJAna ke vikAsa kI yAtrA saMdeha (jijJAsA) se hI prArambha hotI hai, kyoMki saMzaya ke sthAna para zraddhA A gaI, to vicAra kA dvAra baMda ho jAegA, vahAM jJAna kI pragati kaise hogI? saMzaya vicAra ke dvAra ko udghATita karatA hai| vicAra yA ciMtana se viveka jAgRta hotA hai, jJAna ke nae AyAma prakaTa hone lagate haiN| AcArAMga jJAna kI vikAsa yAtrA ke mUla meM saMdeha ko svIkAra karake calatA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se jo yAtrA saMdeha se prArambha hotI hai, aMta meM zraddhA taka pahuMca jAtI hai| apanA samAdhAna pAne para saMdeha kI pariNati zraddhA meM ho sakatI hai| isase ThIka viparIta samAdhAna-rahita aMdhazraddhA kI pariNati saMdeha meM hogii| jo saMdeha se calegA aMta meM satya ko pAkara zraddhA taka pahuMca jAegA, jabaki jo zraddhA se prArambha karegA, vaha yA to Age koI pragati hI nahIM karegA yA phira usakI zraddhA khaNDita hokara saMdeha meM pariNata ho jaaegii| yaha hai AcArAMga kI dArzanika dRSTi kA pricy| AtmA ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa - AtmA ke svarUpa yA svabhAva kA vivecana karate hue sUtrakAra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA (7)

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hai- je AyA se vinnAyA, je vinnAyA se aayaa| jeNa viyANai se aayaa| taM paDucca paDisaMkhAye- 1 / 5 / 5 / isa prakAra, vaha jJAna ko Atma-svabhAva yA Atma-svarUpa batAtA hai| jahAM Adhunika manovijJAna cetanA ke jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa aise tIna lakSaNa batAtA hai, vahAM AcArAMga kevala AtmA ke jJAna lakSaNa para bala detA hai| sthUla dRSTi se dekhane para yahIM donoM meM aMtara pratIta hotA hai, kiMtu anubhUti (vedanA) aura saMkalpa yaha donoM lakSaNa zarIrAzrita baddhAtmA ke haiM, ataH jJAna hI prathama lakSaNa siddha hotA hai| vaise AcArAMgasUtra meM tathA paravartI jaina graMthoM meM bhI manovijJAna sammata ina tInoM lakSaNoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI AcArAMgasUtra kA AtmA ke vijJAtA svarUpa para bala dene kA eka viziSTa manovaijJAnika kAraNa hai, kyoMki AtmA kI anubhUtyAtmaka evaM saMkalpAtmaka avasthA meM pUrNataH samabhAva yA samAdhi kI upalabdhi sambhava nahIM hai, jaba taka sukhadukhAtmaka vedanA kI anubhUti hai yA saMkalpa-vikalpa kA cakra cala rahA hai, AtmA parabhAva meM sthita hotA hai, citta samAdhi nahIM rahatI hai| AtmA kA svarUpa yA svabhAva dharma to samatA hai, jo kevala usake jJAtA-draSTA rUpa meM svarUpataH upalabdha hotI hai| vedaka aura kartA rUpa meM vaha svarUpataH upalabdha nahIM hai| ' mana kA jJAna sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa . nigraMtha sAdhaka ke lakSaNoM kA vivecana karate hue sUtrakAra kahatA hai - je maNaM parijANaI se niggaMthe je maNe apAvae- 2 / 15 / 45 / jo mana jAnatA hai aura use apavitra nahIM hone detA hai, vahI nigraMtha hai, isa prakAra, nigraMtha zramaNa kI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai, mana ko jAnanA aura dUsarA caraNa hai, mana ko apavitra nahIM hone denaa| mana kI zuddhi bhI svayaM manovRttiyoM ke jJAna para nirbhara hai| mana ko jAnane kA matalaba hai, aMdara jhAMkakara apanI manovRttiyoM ko pahacAnanA, mana kI graMthiyoM ko khojanA, yahI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai| roga kA jJAna aura usakA nidAna usase chuTakArA pAne ke lie Avazyaka hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI manovizleSaNa vidhi meM bhI manograMthiyoM se mukta hone ke lie unakA jAnanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| aMtardarzana aura manovizleSaNa Adhunika manovijJAna kI mahattvapUrNa vidhiyAM haiM, AcArAMga meM unheM nigraMtha sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH, AcArAMga kI sAdhanA apramattatA kI sAdhanA hai aura yaha apramattatA apanI citta-vRttiyoM ke prati satata jAgarUkatA hai| citta vRttiyoM kA darzana samyak darzana hai, svasvabhAva meM ramanA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna jisa prakAra mAnasika svAsthya ke lie manograMthiyoM ko tor3ane

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kI bAta kahatA hai, usI prakAra jaina darzana bhI Atmazuddhi ke lie graMthi-bheda kI bAta kahatA hai| graMthi, graMthi-bheda aura nigraMtha zabdoM ke prayoga svayaM AcArAMga kI manovaijJAnika dRSTi ke paricAyaka haiN| vastutaH, graMthiyoM se mukti hI sAdhanA kA lakSya hai- gaMthehi vivattehiM AukAlassapArae- 1 / 8 / 8 / 11 / jo graMthiyoM se rahita hai vahI nigraMtha hai| nigraMtha hone kA artha hai, rAga-dveSa yA Asakti rUpI gAMTha kA khula jaanaa| jIvana meM aMdara aura bAhara se ekarUpa ho jAnA, mukhauToM kI jiMdagI se dUra ho jAnA, kyoMki graMthi kA nirmANa hotA hai rAgabhAva se, Asakti se, mAyAcAra yA mukhauToM kI jiMdagI se| isa prakAra, AcArAMga eka manovaijJAnika satya ko prastuta karatA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra baMdhana aura mukti ke tattva bAharI nahIM, AMtarika haiN| vaha spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki - 'baMdhappamokkho tujjha ajjhtthev'1|5|2 / baMdhana aura mokSa hamAre adhyavasAyoM kiMvA manovRttiyoM para nirbhara haiN| mAnasika baMdhana hI vAstavika baMdhana haiN| ve gAMTheM jinhoMne hameM bAMdha rakhA hai, ve hamAre mana kI hI gAMThe haiN| vaha spaSTa udghoSaNA karatA hai ki- 'kAmesu giddhA nicayaMkareMti'- 1 / 3 / 2 / kAmabhogoM ke prati Asakti se hI baMdhana kI sRSTi hotI hai| vaha gAMTha jo hameM bAMdhatI hai, Asakti kI gAMTha hai, mamatva kI gAMTha hai, ajJAna kI gAMTha hai| isa Asakti se pratyutpanna hiMsA vyakti kI aura saMsAra kI sArI pIr3AoM kA mUla srota hai| yahI jIvana meM naraka kI sRSTi karatI hai, jIvana ko nArakIya banAtI hai| esa.khalu gaMthe, esa khalu mohe, esa khalu mAre, esa khalu nireN1|1|2| AcArAMga ke anusAra, viSaya bhoga ke prati jo AturatA hai, vahI samasta pIr3AoM kI jananI hai (AturA paritAveMti- 1 / 2) yahAM hameM spaSTa rUpa se vizva kI samasta pIr3AoM kA eka manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa prApta hotA hai| sUtrakAra spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki - 'AsaM ca chaMdaM ca vigiMca dhiire| tumaM ce taM sallamAhaTuM'- 1 / 2 / 4 / he dhIra puruSa! viSaya bhogoM kI AkAMkSA aura tatsambaMdhI saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA parityAga kro| tuma svayaM isa kATe ko apane antaHkaraNa meM rakhakara duHkhI ho rahe ho| isa prakAra, AcArAMga baMdhana, pIr3A yA duHkha ke prati eka AtmaniSTha evaM manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa prastuta karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai- je AsavA te parissavA je parissavA te AsavA (1 / 4 / 2) arthAt bAhara meM jo baMdhana ke nimitta haiM ve bhI kabhI mukti ke nimitta bana jAte haiN| isakA Azaya yahI hai ki baMdhana aura mukti kA sArA khela sAdhaka ke aMtaraMga bhAvoM para AdhArita hai| yadi isI prazna para hama Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to yaha pAte haiM ki Adhunika manovikRtiyoM ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki AkAMkSAoM kA uccastara hI mana meM kuNThAoM ko utpanna karatA hai aura una kuNThAoM ke kAraNa manograMthiyoM

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kI racanA hotI hai, jo aMtatogatvA vyakti meM manovikRtiyoM ko utpanna karatI hai| manovRttiyoM kI sApekSatA __ AcArAMgasUtra meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga (prema), dveSa, moha Adi ke paraspara kI sApekSatA ko sUcita karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo inameM se kisI eka ko bhI samyak prakAra jAna letA hai, vaha anya sabhI ko bhI jAna letA hai aura jo eka patha para pUrNa vijaya prApta kara letA hai, vaha anya sabhI para bhI vijaya prApta kara letA hai| (je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai, je savvaM jANai se egaMjANai je ega nAme se bahuM nAme je bahuMnAme se egaM nAme- 1 / 3 / 4) Azcarya yahI hai ki abhI taka ina sUtroM ke tattvamImAMsIya yA jJAnamImAMsIya artha lagAe gae aura inake manovaijJAnika saMdarbha ko ojhala kiyA gayA, jabaki ye sUtra vizuddha rUpa se manovaijJAnika haiM, kyoMki isa uddezaka kA sampUrNa saMdarbha kaSAyoM se sambaMdhita hai, jo manovijJAna kA viSaya hai| ina kaSAyoM ke duzcakra se vahI mukta ho sakatA hai, jo apramatta cetA hai, kyoMki jaise hI vyakti inake prati sajaga banatA hai, inake kAraNoM aura pariNAmoM ko dekhane lagatA hai, vaha manovRttiyoM ke pArasparika sambaMdha spaSTa hote hue pAtA hai| jaba vyakti krodha ko dekhatA hai, to krodha ke kAraNabhUta dveSabhAva aura dveSa ke kAraNabhUta rAgabhAva ko bhI dekha letA haiM, jaba vaha ahaM yA mAna kA draSTA banatA hai, to ahaM kI tuSTi ke lie mAyAvI mukhauToM kA jIvana bhI usake sAmane spaSTa ho jAtA hai| sUtrakAra ne pUrI spaSTatA ke sAtha isa bAta ko prastuta kiyA ki kisa prakAra kisI eka manovRtti (kaSAya) kA draSTA dUsarI sabhI sApekSa rUpa meM rahI huI manovRttiyoM kA draSTA bana jAtA hai| vaha kahatA hai- jo krodha ko dekhatA hai, vaha mAna (ahaMkAra) ko dekha letA hai| jo mAna ko dekhatA hai vaha mAyA (kapaTavRtti) ko dekha letA hai| jo mAyA ko dekhatA hai vaha lobha ko dekha letA hai| jo lobha ko dekhatA hai, vaha rAga-dveSa ko dekha letA hai| jo rAga-dveSa ko dekhatA hai, vaha moha (avidyA) ko dekha letA hai aura jo moha ko dekhatA hai, vaha garbha (bhAvI janma) ko dekhatA hai aura jo garbha ko dekhatA hai vaha janma-maraNa kI prakriyA ko dekha letA hai| isa prakAra eka kaSAya kA samyak vizleSaNa usase sambaMdhita anya kaSAyoM kA tathA unake pariNAmoM aura kAraNoM kA samyak bodha karA detA hai (1 / 3 / 4), kyoMki sabhI manovRttiyAM paraspara sApekSa hokara rahatI haiN| jahAM moha hotA hai, vahAM rAga-dveSa hote haiM, vahAM lobha hotA hI hai| jahAM lobhavRtti hotI hai vahAM mAyA yA kapaTAcAra A hI jAtA hai| jahAM kapaTAcAra hotA hai, vahAM usake pIche mAna yA ahaMkAra kA prazna jur3A rahatA hai aura jahAM

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mAna yA ahaMkAra hotA hai, usake sAtha krodha jur3A rahatA hai| rAga ke binA dveSa kA aura dveSa ke binA rAga kA TikAva nahIM hai| isI prakAra krodha kA TikAva ahaMkAra para aura ahaMkAra kA TikAva mAyAcAra para, mAyAcAra kA TikAva lobha para nirbhara karatA hai| koI bhI kaSAya dUsarI kaSAya se pUrI taraha nirapekSa hokara nahIM raha sakatI hai, ataH kisI eka kaSAya kA samagra bhAva se vijetA sabhI kaSAyoM kA vijetA bana jAtA hai aura eka kA draSTA sabhI kA draSTA bana jAtA hai| kaSAya vijaya upAya : draSTA yA sAkSIbhAva AcArAMga meM muni aura amuni kA aMtara spaSTa karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki jo sotA hai, vaha amuni hai, jo jAgatA hai, vaha muni hai| yahAM jAgane kA tAtparya hai, apane prati, apanI manovRttiyoM ke prati sajaga honA yA apramattacetA honA hai| prazna ho sakatA hai ki apramattacetA yA sajaga honA kyoM Avazyaka hai? vastutaH jaba vyakti apane aMtara meM jhAMkakara apanI vRttiyoM kA draSTA banatA hai, to durvicAra aura duSpravRttiyAM svayaM vilIna hotI jAtI haiN| jaba ghara kA mAlika jAgatA hai, cora praveza nahIM karate haiM, usI prakAra jo sAdhaka sajaga haiM, apramatta haiM, to unameM kaSAyeM panapa nahIM sakatIM, kyoMki kaSAya svayaM pramAda hai tathA pramAda aura apramAda eka-sAtha nahIM raha sakate haiN| ataH apramAda hone para kaSAya panapa nahIM skte| AcArAMgasUtra meM bAra-bAra kahA gayA hai- 'tU dekha' 'tU dekha' (pAsa! pAsa!) yahAM dekhane kA tAtparya hai, apane prati yA apanI vRttiyoM ke prati sajaga honaa| kyoMki jo draSTA hai, vahI nirupAdhika dazA ko prApta ho sakatA hai (kimatyi uvAhI pAsagassa, Na vijai? natthi 1 / 3 / 4) / ___ vastutaH, AtmA jaba apane zuddha jJAtA svarUpa meM avasthita hotI hai, saMsAra ke samasta padArtha hI nahIM varan usakI apanI cittavRttiyAM aura manobhAva bhI use 'para' (sva se bhinna) pratIta hote haiN| jaba vaha 'para' ko 'para' ke rUpa meM jAna letA hai aura apanI pRthakatA kA bodha kara letA hai, taba vaha apane zuddha jJAyaka svarUpa ko jAnakara usameM avasthita ho jAtA hai, yahI vaha avasara hotA hai, jaba mukti kA dvAra udghATita hotA hai, kyoMki jisane 'para' ko 'para' ke rUpa meM jAna liyA hai, usake lie mamatva yA rAga ke lie koI sthAna hI nahIM rahatA hai| rAga ke gira jAne para vItarAgatA kA prakaTana hotA hai aura mukti kA dvAra khula jAtA hai|

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mana ke pavitrIkaraNa kI manovaijJAnika vidhi citta ko apavitra nahIM hone dene ke lie mana kI vRttiyoM ko dekhanA jarUrI hai, kyoMki yaha mana ko duSpravRttiyoM se bacAne kI eka manovaijJAnika paddhati hai| Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra mana eka hI samaya meM draSTA aura kartA kI do bhUmikAoM kA nirvAha nahIM kara sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie vaha apane krodha kA kartA evaM draSTA eka sAtha nahIM ho sktaa| mana jaba kartA se draSTA kI bhUmikA meM AtA hai, to manovikAra svayaM vilIna hone lagate haiN| mana to svataH hI vAsanA aura vikAra se mukta ho jAtA hai| isalie kahA gayA haiappamatto kAmehiM uvarato- 1 / 2 / 1 / savvato pamattassa bhayaM.... appamattassa natthi bhyN1|3|4 / jo apramatta hai, vaha kAmanAoM se aura pApa karmoM se uparata hai, pramatta ko hI viSaya-vikAra meM phaMsane kA bhaya hai, apramatta ko nhiiN| apramattatA yA samyak draSTA kI avasthA meM pApakarma asambhava ho jAtA hai, isIlie kahA gayA hai- sammattadaMsI na karei pAvaM- 1 / 3 / 2 arthAt samyak draSTA koI pApa nahIM karatA hai| AcArAMga meM mana ko jAnane athavA apramatta cetanA kI jo bAta bAra-bAra kahI gaI hai, vaha mana ko vAsanAmukta karane kA yA mana ke pavitrIkaraNa kA eka aisA upAya hai, jisakI prAmANikatA Adhunika manovijJAna ke prayogoM se siddha ho cukI hai| jaba sAdhaka apramatta cetanA se yukta hokara draSTAbhAva meM sthita hotA hai, taba sArI vAsanAeM aura sAre Avega svataH zithila ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra anyatra yaha kahakara ki 'AyaMkadaMsI na karei pAvaM (1 / 3 / 2)', punaH eka manovaijJAnika satya ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| jo apanI pIr3A yA vedanA ko dekha letA hai, usake lie pApa karma meM phaMsanA eka manovaijJAnika asambhAvanA bana jAtI hai| jaba vyakti pApakarma yA hiMsA janita pIr3A kA svayaM AtmaniSTha rUpa meM anubhava karatA hai, hiMsA karanA usake lie asambhava ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakAra pApa se virata hone ke lie manovaijJAnika satyoM para adhiSThita paddhati prastuta karatA hai| dharma kI manovaijJAnika vyAkhyA AcArAMga meM ahiMsA, samAdhi aura prajJA ko mokSamArga kahA gayA hai| isameM ahiMsA ko pUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| yahAM sAdhanA kA krama aMdara se bAhara kI ora na hokara bAhara se aMdara kI ora hai, jo adhika manovaijJAnika hai| ahiMsA kI sAdhanA ke dvArA jaba taka pariveza evaM cittavRtti nirAkula nahIM banegI, samAdhi nahIM hogI aura jaba taka samAdhi nahIM AegI prajJA kA udaya nahIM hogaa| isa saMdarbha meM AcArAMga ke

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dRSTikoNa meM aura paravartI jaina darzana ke dRSTikoNa meM spaSTa aMtara hai| vaha AcAra zuddhi se vicAra zuddhi kI ora bar3hatA hai| AcArAMga meM dharma kyA hai? isake do nirdeza hameM upalabdha hote haiN| prathama zrutaskaMdha ke caturtha adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka ke prArambha meM ahiMsA ko zAzvata, nitya aura zuddha dharma kahA gayA hai, (savve bhUyA, savve jIvA savve sattA na haMtavvA... esa dhamme suddhe, niie, sAsae samicca loyaM kheMyaNNehiM paveie - 1 / 4 / 1) aura prathama zrutaskaMdha ke AThaveM adhyAya ke tIsare uddezaka meM samatA ko dharma kahA gayA hai, samiyAe dhamme AriyehiM paveie (1 / 8 / 3) vastutaH, dharma kI ye do vyAkhyAeM do dRSTikoNoM kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| ahiMsA vyAvahArika samAja sApekSa dharma hai, jabaki vaiyaktika evaM AMtarika dRSTi se samabhAva hI dharma hai| saiddhAMtika dRSTi se ahiMsA aura samabhAva meM abheda hai, kiMtu vyAvahArika dRSTi se ve alaga haiN| samabhAva kI bAhya abhivyakti ahiMsA bana jAtI hai aura yahI ahiMsA jaba svakeMdrita (svadayA) hotI hai to samabhAva bana jAtI hai| samatva yA samatA dharma kyoM? yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki samatA ko dharma kyoM mAnA jAe? jaina paramparA ke paravartI graMthoM meM dharma kI vyAkhyA vatthu sahAvo dhammo' ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai, ataH samatA ko tabhI dharma mAnA jA sakatA hai, jabaki vaha prANIya svabhAva siddha ho AeM, jarA isa prazna para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra kreN| jaina darzana meM mAnava prakRti evaM prANIya prakRti kA gahana vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra se jaba yaha pUchA gayA ki AtmA kyA hai? AtmA kA sAdhya yA Adarza kyA hai? taba mahAvIra ne isa prazna kA jo uttara diyA thA vaha Aja bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se satya hai| mahAvIra ne kahA thA- AtmA samatva rUpa hai aura samatva hI AtmA kA sAdhya hai (AyAe sAmAie AyA samAissa atttthe-bhgvtiisuutr)| vastutaH, jahAM bhI jIvana hai, cetanA hai, vahAM samatva ke saMsthApana ke anavarata prayAsa cala rahe haiN| parivezajanya viSamatAoM ko dUra kara samatva ke lie prayAsazIla bane, yaha jIvana yA cetanA kA mUla svabhAva hai| zArIrika evaM mAnasika stara para samatva kA saMsthApana hI jIvana kA lakSaNa hai| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ke zabdoM meM jIvana gatizIla saMtulana hai| (jIvana kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi, pR.259)| spensara ke anusAra pariveza meM nihita tathya jIvana ke saMtulana ko bhaMga karate rahate haiM aura jIvana

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apanI kriyAzIlatA ke dvArA punaH isa saMtulana ko banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| yaha saMtulana banAne kA prayAsa hI jIvana kI prakriyA hai (pharsTa priMsipalsa-spensara, pRSTha 66) / vikAsavAdiyoM ne ise hI astitva ke lie saMgharSa kahA hai, kiMtu merI apanI dRSTi meM ise astitva ke lie saMgharSa kahane kI apekSA, samatva ke saMsthApana kA prayAsa kahanA hI adhika ucita hai| samatva ke saMsthApana evaM samAyojana kI prakriyA hI jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa lakSaNa hai| - isa prakAra jaina darzana meM samabhAva yA vItarAga dazA ko hI naitika jIvana kA Adarza mAnA gayA hai| yaha bAta manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI sahI utaratI hai| saMgharSa nahIM, apitu samatva hI jIvana kA Adarza ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yahI hamArA svabhAva hai aura jo svasvabhAva hai, vahI Adarza hai| svabhAva se bhinna Adarza kI kalpanA ayathArtha hai| spensara, DArvina aura Arsa prabhRti kucha pAzcAtya vicAraka saMgharSa ko hI jIvana kA svabhAva mAnate haiM, lekina yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra vastu kA svabhAva vaha hotA hai, jisakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaina darzana ke anusAra nitya aura nirapavAda vastudharma hI svabhAva hai| yadi hama ise kasauTI para kaseM, to saMgharSa evaM tanAva jIvana kA svabhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai| dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda ke anusAra manuSyasvabhAva saMgharSa hai, mAnavIya itihAsa varga-saMgharSa kI kahAnI hai| saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai, kiMtu yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| yadi saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai, to phira dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa kyoM karanA cAhatA hai, saMgharSa miTAne ke lie hotA hai! jo miTAne kI, nirAkaraNa karane kI vastu hai, kyA use svabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai, saMgharSa yadi mAnava itihAsa kA eka tathya hai, to vaha usake doSoM kA itihAsa hai, usake svabhAva kA itihAsa nhiiN| mAnava svabhAva saMgharSa nahIM, saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa yA samatva kI sAdhanA hai, kyoMki yugoM se mAnavIya prayAsa usI ke lie ho rahe haiN| saMgharSa athavA samatva ke vicalana jIvana meM pAe jAte haiM, lekina ve jIvana ke svabhAva nahIM haiM, kyoMki jIvana kI prakriyA unako samApta karane kI dizA meM hI prayAsazIla hai| samatA kI upalabdhi hI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se jIvana kA sAdhya hai| kAmanA, Asakti, rAga-dveSa, vitarka Adi sabhI mAnasika asaMtulana evaM tanAva kI avasthA ko abhivyakta karate haiN| ataH AcArAMga meM inheM azubha mAnA gayA hai| isake viparIta vAsanAzUnya, vitarkazUnya, niSkAma, anAsakta, vItarAga avasthA hI jIvana kA Adarza hai, kyoMki vaha 15 14)

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samatva kI sthiti hai| rAga aura dveSa kI vRttiyAM hamAre cetana samatva ko bhaMga karatI haiM, ataH unase Upara uThakara vItarAgatA kI avasthA ko prApta kara lenA hI sacce samatva kI avasthA hai| vastutaH, samatva kI upalabdhi AcArAMga aura Adhunika manovijJAna donoM kI dRSTi se mAnava jIvana kA sAdhya mAnI jA sakatI hai aura jo jIvana kA sAdhya evaM svabhAva ho, vahI dharma kahA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki jo samatA ko jAnatA hai, vahI muni dharma ko jAnatA hai| AcArAMga meM ahiMsA kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ke siddhAMta ko manovaijJAnika AdhAra para hI sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA ko Ahata-pravacana kA sAra aura zuddha evaM zAzvata dharma batAyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama hameM vicAra karanA hai ki ahiMsA ko hI dharma kyoM mAnA jaae| sUtrakAra isakA bar3A manovaijJAnika uttara prastuta karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM meM jijIviSA pradhAna hai, punaH sabhI ko sukha anukUla aura duHkha pratikUla hai (savve pANa piAuyA suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlo- 1 / 2 / 3), ahiMsA kA adhiSThAna yahI manovaijJAnika satya hai| astitva aura sukha kI cAha prANIya svabhAva hai| jaina vicArakoM ne isI manovaijJAnika tathya ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ko sthApita kiyA hai| yadyapi mekeMjI ne 'bhaya' ko ahiMsA kA AdhAra mAnA hai, kiMtu usakI yaha dhAraNA galata hai, kyoMki bhaya ke siddhAMta ko yadi ahiMsA kA AdhAra banAyA jAegA to vyakti kevala sabala kI hiMsA se virata hogA, nirbala kI hiMsA se nhiiN| bhaya ko AdhAra mAnane para to jisase bhaya hogA usI ke prati ahiMsaka buddhi banegI, jabaki AcArAMga to prANiyoM ke prati yahAM taka ki vanaspati, jala aura pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke prati bhI ahiMsaka hone kI bAta karatA hai, ataH AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ko bhaya ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu jijIviSA aura sukhAkAMkSA ke manovaijJAnika satyoM ke AdhAra para adhiSThita kiyA gayA hai| punaH ahiMsA ko ina manovaijJAnika satyoM ke sAtha-sAtha tUlyatA bodha ke bauddhika siddhAMta para khar3A kiyA gyaa| vahAM kahA gayA hai ki 'je ajjhatthaM jANai se bahiyA jANai.. eyaM tullamannesiM'- 1 / 1 / 7, jo apanI pIr3A ko jAna pAtA hai, vahI tulyatA bodha ke AdhAra para dUsaroM kI pIr3A ko bhI samajha sakatA hai| yaha prANIya pIr3A kI tulyatA bodha ke AdhAra para hone vAlA AtmasaMvedana hI ahiMsA kA

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AdhAra hai| sUtrakAra to ahiMsA ke isa siddhAMta ko adhika gaharAI taka adhiSThita karane ke prayAsa svarUpa yahAM taka kaha detA hai ki jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, pIr3A denA cAhatA hai, satAnA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai (AcArAMga, 1 / 5 / 5) / Age kahatA hai ki jo loga (loka) kA apalApa karatA hai, vaha svayaM apanI AtmA kA apalApa karatA hai (AcArAMga, 1 / 1 / 3) / yahAM ahiMsA ko adhika gahana manovaijJAnika AdhAra dene ke prayAsa meM vaha jaina darzana ke AtmA sambaMdhI anekAtmavAda ke sthAna para ekAtmavAda kI bAta karatA sA pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki yahAM vaha isa manovaijJAnika satya ko dekha rahA hai ki kevala AtmabhAva meM hiMsA asambhava ho sakatI hai| jaba taka dUsare ke prati para buddhi hai, parAepana kA bhAva hai, taba taka hiMsA kI sambhAvanAeM upasthita haiN| vyakti ke lie hiMsA tabhI asambhava ho sakatI hai jaba usameM prANI jagat ke prati apanatva yA AtmIya dRSTi jAgRta ho| ahiMsA kI sthApanA ke lie jo manovaijJAnika bhUmikA apekSita thI, use prastuta karane meM sUtrakAra ne AtmA kI vaiyaktikatA kI dhAraNA kA bhI atikramaNa kara, use abheda kI dhAraNA para sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| hiMsA ke nirAkaraNa ke prayAsa meM bhI sUtrakAra ne eka ora isa manovaijJAnika satya ko ujAgara kiyA hai ki hiMsA se hiMsA yA ghRNA se ghRNA kA nirAkaraNa sambhava nahIM hai| vaha to spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai- zastroM ke AdhAra para yA bhaya aura hiMsA ke AdhAra para zAMti kI sthApanA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki eka zastra kA pratikAra dUsare zastra ke dvArA sambhava hai| zAMti kI sthApanA to ahiMsA yA prema dvArA hI sambhava hai, kyoMki azastra se bar3hakara kucha anya nahIM hai (AcArAMga, 1 / 3 / 4) / . AcArAMga meM mAnavIya vyavahAra ke preraka tattva sAmAnyatayA rAga aura dveSa ye do karma bIja mAne gae haiM, kiMtu inameM bhI rAga hI pramukha tathya hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki Asakti hI karma kA preraka tathya hai (1 / 3 / 2) / AcArAMga aura Adhunika manovijJAna donoM hI isa sambaMdha meM ekamata haiM ki mAnavIya vyavahAra kA mUlabhUta preraka tattva vAsanA yA kAma hai, phira bhI AcArAMga aura Adhunika manovijJAna donoM meM vAsanA ke mUlabhUta prakAra kitane haiM, isa sambaMdha meM koI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM milatI hai| pAzcAtya manovijJAna meM jahAM phrAyaDa kAma yA rAga ko hI ekamAtra mUla preraka mAnate haiM, vahIM dUsare vicArakoM ne mUlabhUta prerakoM kI saMkhyA sau taka mAnI hai, phira bhI pAzcAtya manovijJAna meM sAmAnyatayA nimna 14 mUla pravRttiyAM mAnI gaI haiM (16)

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1. palAyanavRtti (bhaya), 2. ghRNA, 3. jijJAsA, 4. AkrAmakatA (krodha), 5. Atmagaurava (mAna), 6. AtmahInatA, 7. mAtRtva kI saMpreraNA, 8. samUha bhAvanA, 9. saMgrahavRtti, 10. racanAtmakatA, 11.bhojanAnveSaNa, 12. kAma, 13. zaraNAgati aura 14. hAsya (aamod)| AcArAMgasUtra meM bhaya, dveSa, jijJAsA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga-dveSa, AtmIyatA, hAsya Adi kA yatra-tatra bikharA huA ullekha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta hiMsA ke kAraNoM kA nirdeza karate hue kucha karma-prerakoM kA ullekha upalabdha hai| yathA jIvana jIne ke lie, prazaMsA aura mAna-sammAna pAne ke lie, janma-maraNa se chuTakArA pAne ke lie tathA zArIrika evaM mAnasika duHkhoM kI nivRtti hetu prANI hiMsA karatA hai (1 / 1 / 4) / AcArAMga kA sukhavAdI dRSTikoNa Adhunika manovijJAna hameM yaha bhI batAtA hai ki sukha sadaiva anukUla isalie hotA hai ki usakA jIvana zakti ko banAe rakhane kI dRSTi se daihika mUlya hai aura duHkha isalie pratikUla hotA hai ki vaha jIvana zakti kA hrAsa karatA hai| yahI sukha-duHkha kA niyama samasta prANIya vyavahAra kA cAlaka hai| AcArAMga bhI prANIya vyavahAra ke cAlaka ke rUpa meM isI sukha-duHkha ke niyama ko svIkAra karatA hai (AcArAMga, 1 / 2 / 3) / anukUla ke prati AkarSaNa aura pratikUla ke prati vikarSaNa, yaha iMdriya svabhAva hai| anukUla viSayoM kI ora pravRtti, pratikUla viSayoM se nivRtti, yaha eka naisargika tathya hai, kyoMki sukha anukUla aura duHkha pratikUla hotA hai| vastutaH, prANI sukha ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai aura duHkha se bacanA cAhatA hai| vAsanA hI apane vidhAnAtmaka rUpa meM sukha aura niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM duHkha kA rUpa le letI hai, jisase vAsanA kI pUrti ho, vahI sukha aura jisase vAsanA kI pUrti na ho athavA vAsanA pUrti meM bAdhA utpanna ho vaha duHkh| isa prakAra vAsanA se hI sukha-duHkha ke bhAva utpanna hokara prANIya vyavahAra kA niyamana karane lagate haiN| damana kA pratyakSa aura AcArAMga - sAmAnyatayA AcArAMga meM iMdriya saMyama para kAphI bala diyA gayA hai| vaha to zarIra ko sukhA DAlane kI bAta kahatA hai, lekina prazna yaha hai ki kyA pUrNa iMdriya-nirodha sambhava hai? Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se iMdriya vyApAroM kA nirodha eka asvAbhAvika tathya haiM, AMkha ke samakSa jaba usakA viSaya prastuta hotA hai, to vaha usake sauMdarya darzana se vaMcita (17)

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nahIM raha sktii| bhojana karate samaya svAda ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai ki iMdriya damana ke sambaMdha meM kyA AcArAMga kA dRSTikoNa Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se sahamata hai? AcArAMga isa prazna kA uttara dete hue yahI kahatA hai ki iMdriya vyApAroM ke nirodha kA artha iMdriyoM ko apane viSayoM se vimukha karanA nahIM, varan viSaya-sevana ke mUla meM jo nihita rAga-dveSa haiM, unheM samApta karanA hai| isa sambaMdha meM usameM jo manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki yaha zakya nahIM ki kAnoM meM par3ane vAle acche yA bure zabda sune na jAeM, ataH zabdoM kA nahIM, zabdoM ke prati jagane vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM ki AMkhoM ke sAmane vAlA acchA yA burA rUpa na dekhA jAe, ataH rUpa kA nahIM, apitu rUpa ke prati jAgRta hone vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki nAsikA ke samakSa AI huI sugaMdha sUMghane meM na Ae, ataH gaMdha kA nahIM, kiMtu gaMdha ke prati Ane vAlI rAga-dveSa kI vRtti kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki jIbha para AyA huA acchA yA burA rasa cakhane meM na aae| ataH rasa kA nahIM, kiMtu rasa ke prati jAgane vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki zarIra se samparka hone vAle acche yA bure sparza kI anubhUti na ho| ataH sparza nahIM; kiMtu sparza ke prati jAgane vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA cAhie (AcArAMga 2 / 15 / 101-105) / uttarAdhyayana meM bhI isakI puSTi kI gaI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki iMdriyoM ke manojJa athavA amanojJa viSaya Asakta vyakti ke lie rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa nahIM hote haiN| ye viSaya rAgI puruSoM ke lie hI duHkha (baMdhana) ke kAraNa hote haiM, vItarAgiyoM ke baMdhana yA duHkha kA kAraNa nahIM ho skte| kAma-bhoga na kisI ko baMdhana meM DAlate haiM aura na kisI ko mukta hI kara sakate haiM, kiMtu jo viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa karatA hai, vahI rAga-dveSa se vikRta hotA hai (uttarAdhyayana 32 / 100-101) / jaina darzana ke anusAra sAdhanA kA saccA mArga aupazamika nahIM varan kSAyika hai| aupazamika mArga kA artha vAsanAoM kA damana hai| icchAoM ke nirodha kA mArga aupazamika mArga hai| Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTi meM yaha damana kA mArga hai, jabaki kSAyika mArga vAsanAoM ke nirasana kA mArga hai| vaha vAsanAoM se Upara uThAtA hai| yaha damana nahIM, apitu citta vizuddhi hai| damana to mAnasika gaMdagI ko DhaMkane mAtra meM hai aura jaina darzana isa prakAra ke damana ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jaina dArzanikoM ne guNasthAna prakaraNa meM yaha spaSTa rUpa batAyA hai ki vAsanAoM ko bokara Age vAlI sAdhanA vikAsa kI agrima kakSAoM se (18)

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anivAryatayA padacyuta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina-darzana bhI Adhunika manovaijJAnika ke samAna hI damana ko sAdhanA kA saccA mArga nahIM mAnatA hai| usake anusAra sAdhanA kA saccA mArga vAsanAoM kA damana nahIM, apitu unase Upara uTha jAnA hai| vaha iMdriya nigraha nahIM, apitu aindrika anubhUtiyoM meM bhI mana kI vItarAgatA yA samatva kI avasthA hai| ataHyaha spaSTa hai ki AcArAMgasUtra apanI vivecanAoM meM manovaijJAnika AdhAroM para khar3A huA hai| uttama AcAra ke jo niyama-upaniyama banAe gae haiM, ve bhI usakI manovaijJAnika dRSTi ke paricAyaka haiM, kiMtu yahAM una sabakI gaharAiyoM meM jAnA sambhava nahIM hai| yadyapi isa sampUrNa vivecanA kA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki AcArAMga meM jo kucha kahA gayA, vaha sabhI manovaijJAnika satyoM para AdhArita hai| ahiMsA, samatA aura anAsakti ke jo Adarza usameM prastuta kie gae haiM, ve cAhe manovaijJAnika AdhAroM para adhiSThita hoM, kiMtu unakI jIvana meM pUrNa upalabdhi kI sambhAvanAoM para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se hI prazna cihna bhI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| ye Adarza ke rUpa meM cAhe kitane hI suhAvane hoM, kiMtu mAnava jIvana meM inakI vyAvahArika sambhAvanA kitanI hai, yaha vivAda kA viSaya bana sakatA hai, phira bhI mAnavIya-durbalatA ke AdhAra para unase vimukha honA ucita nahIM hogA, kyoMki inake dvArA hI na kevala manuSya kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hogA, apitu loka maMgala kI bhAvanA bhI sAkAra bana skegii| AcArAMga meM pratipAdita tattvajJAna jaisA ki hama saMketa kara cuke haiM ki AcArAMga mUlataH darzana kA graMtha na hokara AcAra zAstra kA graMtha hai, phira bhI aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki usameM darzana ke tattvoM kA pUrNataH abhAva hai| AcArAMga kA prArambha hI eka pAriNAmika nitya AtmA kI avadhAraNA se hotI hai| AcArAMga AtmA aura punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karake calatA hai| vaha karma kI avadhAraNA ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai tathA yaha mAnatA hai ki karma hI baMdhana ke kAraNa haiN| yadi hama sUkSmatA se dekheM, to usameM karma ko paudgalika mAnakara karma zarIra kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura sAdhaka ko kahA gayA hai ki vaha karma zarIra kA hI vidhUnana kre| isI prakAra AcArAMga meM Azrava, saMvara aura prAkArAntara se nirjarA kI vyavasthAeM bhI upalabdha ho jAtI haiN| AcArAMga muktAtmA ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kI bhI aupaniSadika zailI meM vyAkhyA karatA hai| (19)

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ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki saMkSepa meM AtmA, punarjanma, karma, baMdhana, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura mukti ina saba avadhAraNAoM ko cAhe saMkSepa meM hI kyoM na ho svIkAra karake calatA hai| phira bhI uparyukta vivecana se itanA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AcArAMga, darzana ke sambaMdha meM kevala inhIM tathyoM ko rakhanA cAhatA hai jo usake AcAra zAstra ke pUrva mAnyatA ke lie aparihArya haiN| jainadharma kA jo vikasita tattvajJAna hai usakA usameM abhAva hI dekhA jAtA hai, jIva aura pudgala ko chor3akara AkAza, dharma, adharma aura kAla kI usameM koI svataMtra vyAkhyA nahIM hai| AcArAMga ke AcAra-niyama jahAM taka AcArAMga meM pratipAdita AcAra niyamoM kA prazna hai mUlataH ve sabhI niyama ahiMsA ko keMdra meM rakhakara banAe gae haiN| AcArAMga ke AcAra niyamoM kA keMdrabiMdu ahiMsA kA paripAlana hI hai| jIvana meM ahiMsA aura anAsakti ko kisa caramasImA taka apanAyA jA sakatA hai, isakA Adarza hameM AcArAMga meM dekhane ko mila sakatA hai| AcArAMga ke do zrutaskaMdhoM meM jahAM prathama zrutaskaMdha AcAra ke sAmAnya siddhAMtoM ko prastuta karatA hai, vahIM dvitIya zrutaskaMdha usake vyavahAra pakSa ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| vidvAnoM ne AcArAMga ke dUsare zrutaskaMdha ko prathama zrutaskaMdha kI vyAvahArika vyAkhyA hI mAnA hai| prathama zrutaskaMdha meM mUlataH ahiMsA, anAsakti tathA kaSAyoM aura vAsanAoM ke vijaya kA sUtra rUpa meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai, jabaki dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM inase U para uThakara kaisA jIvana jIyA jA sakatA hai, isakA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| dUsarA zrutaskaMdha mUlataH muni jIvana kI bhojana, vastra, pAtra Adi sAmAnya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kisa prakAra kI jAe, isakA vistAra se vivecana karatA hai, isa zrutaskaMdha kA aMtima bhAga jahAM eka ora mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta prastuta karatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora vaha iMdriya vijaya kI manovaijJAnika prakriyA para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| yadyapi AcArAMga kA AcArapakSa vyAvahArika dRSTi se kaThora kahA jA sakatA hai, kiMtu usameM sAdhanA ke jisa Adarza svarUpa kA citraNa hai, usake mUlya ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa|

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jIva samAsa kI bhUmikA (I.pU. san kI lagabhaga 2 rI-3rI zatI) . jIvasamAsa racayitA evaM racanAkAla jIvasamAsa nAma se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha jIvoM kI vibhinna avasthAoM kI vivecanA karane vAlA graMtha hai| yaha kisI pUrvadhara AcArya dvArA racita evaM jaina darzana kA eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| isake vAstavika racayitA kauna haiM, yaha tathya mUlagraMtha ke AdhAra para kahIM bhI spaSTa nahIM hotA hai| isakI aMtima prazasti meM ise pUrva sAhitya ke AdhAra para racita mAnA gayA hai| isase itanA to avazya spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isake racayitA pUrvo ke jJAtA the| yaha graMtha kisane aura kaba banAyA, isakA jJAna haribhadra (8vIM zatI) jaise prAcIna AcAryoM ko bhI nahIM thaa| nandIsUtra evaM pAkSikasUtra meM usa kAla taka racita Agama graMthoM ke ullekha milate haiM, kiMtu unameM kahIM bhI jIvasamAsa kA ullekha nahIM hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki jIvasamAsa kI racanA nandIsUtra ke pazcAt hI huI hogii| nandIsUtra kI racanA lagabhaga vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatI meM huI, ataH jIvasamAsa pAMcavIM zatI ke pazcAt nirmita huaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI meM yA usake pazcAta racita graMthoM meM jIvasamAsa kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, ataH jIvasamAsa kI racanA vikrama saMvat kI pAMcavIM zatI ke pazcAt aura sAtavIM zatI ke pUrva arthAt lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI meM huI hogii| ___prastuta kRti lagabhaga chaThI zatI kI racanA hai, isake kucha anya AdhAra bhI hai, sarvaprathama isameM nayoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM sAta mUla nayoM kI pracalita avadhAraNA ke sthAna para naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra aura zabda- ye pAMca hI mUlanaya mAne gae haiM, yaha avadhAraNA hameM tattvArthasUtra meM bhI milatI hai| jIvasamAsa meM samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta- ina do nayoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, jabaki umAsvAti samabhirUr3ha evaM evaMbhUta- ina do nayoM kA zabda naya ke do bhedoM ke rUpa meM ullekha karate haiN| siddhasenadivAkara ne naigama ko to svIkAra nahIM kiyA, kiMtu samabhirUr3ha evaM evaMbhUta ko mUlanaya mAnakara chaha naya mAne haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki sapta nayoM kI spaSTa avadhAraNA lagabhaga chaThI zatI ke uttarArddha meM vikasita huI hai, kyoMki tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA (chaThI zatI) ke mUlapATha meM sarvaprathama bhASyamAna pATha ke pAMca mUla nayoM ke sthAna para sAta mUlanayoM kA nirdeza hai| jIvasamAsa meM pAMca nayoM

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kA yaha ullekha itanA to avazya siddha karatA hai ki prastuta kRti saptanayoM kI avadhAraNA ke vikasita evaM susthApita hone ke pUrva arthAt chaThI zatI ke pUrvArddha kI racanA honI caahie| yadyapi guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNA kI upasthiti ke AdhAra para yaha kRti tattvArthasUtra se paravartI hai, phira bhI nayoM ke saMdarbha meM yaha usa dhArA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai, jo prAcIna rahI hai| jJAtavya hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama mUla meM bhI sarvatra inhIM pAMcoM nayoM kA nirdeza hai (5/6/3, pR. 718, 4/1/48-50, 4/1/ 56-59, 4/2/2-4, 4/3/1-4) / jIvasamAsa kA prAcInatA kA dUsarA AdhAra usakA jJAna-siddhAMta hai| isameM jJAna ke pAMca prakAroM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM tattvArthasUtra ke samAna hI matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ko parokSajJAna hI mAnA gayA hai| yaha avadhAraNA bhI tattvArthasUtra ke samAna hI hai, kiMtu matijJAna ke aMtargata iMdriyapratyakSa ko svIkAra kara lene se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jJAna carcA ke prasaMga meM jIvasamAsa kI sthiti tattvArthasUtra se paravartI hai aura nandIsUtra ke samAna hI hainandIsUtra kA kAla lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatI haiN| nandIsUtra meM hI sarvaprathama matijJAna ke ekabheda ke rUpa meM iMdriyapratyakSa ko vyAvahArika pratyakSa ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| punaH pramANoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM bhI isameM- pratyakSa, anumAna, zabda aura upamAna ina cAra pramANoM kI hI carcA huI hai| jaina darzana meM cAra pramANoM kI yaha carcA bhI Agamika yuga (5vIM zatI) kI dena hai aura nyAyadarzana se prabhAvita hai, samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM bhI inhIM cAra pramANoM kI carcA milatI hai| isameM smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ina tIna pramANoM kI carcA kA, jo tArkika yuga kI dena hai, pUrNa abhAva hai| jaina darzana meM ina tInoM kI pramANoM ke rUpa meM svIkRti sarvaprathama akalaMka ke kAla (lagabhaga 8vIM zatI) se prArambha hotI hai| ataH isase bhI itanA to sunizcita hotA hai ki jIvasamAsa 5vIM zatI ke pazcAt aura 8vIM zatI ke pUrva arthAt chaThI-sAtavIM zatI meM kabhI nirmita huA hogaa| kiMtu sAtavIM zatI se jIvasamAsa ke nirdeza upalabdha hote haiM, ataH yaha chaThI zatI meM nirmita huA hogA, isa tathya ko mAnya kiyA jA sakatA hai| tIsare jIvasamAsa meM caudaha guNasthAnoM kA bhI spaSTa ullekha milatA hai, isase bhI yahI spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha graMtha 5vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kI hI racanA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJabhASya (lagabhaga tIsarI-cauthI zatI) meM guNasthAna siddhAMta kA koI ullekha nahIM haiM ataH itanA to nizcita hai ki yaha graMtha tabhI astitva meM AyA, jaba caudaha 22

Page #27
guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNA astitva meM A cukI thii| caudaha guNasthAnoM kA ullekha Agama sAhitya meM sarvaprathama samavAyAMga aura Avazyakaniyukti kI do prakSipta gAthAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, kiMtu unameM ye gAthAeM sambhavataH vallabhIvAcanA ke samaya yA usake bhI pazcAt kabhI saMgrahaNIsUtra se prakSipta kI gaI hoMgI, kyoMki Avazyakaniyukti kI TIkA meM AcArya haribhadra ne ina donoM gAthAoM ko niyukti kI gAthA na mAnakara saMgrahaNIsUtra kI gAthA kahA hai| Aja saMgrahaNIsUtra kI aneka gAthAeM AgamoM evaM niyuktiyoM meM upalabdha hotI haiN| yaha nizcita hai ki guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatI ke uttarArddha aura chaThI zatI ke pUrvArddha meM kabhI astitva meM AI hai| ataH guNasthAnoM ke AdhAra para jIva kI caudaha mArgaNAoM aura ATha anuyogadvAroM kI carcA karane vAlA yaha graMtha usake pazcAt hI lagabhaga chaThI zatI ke uttarArddha meM nirmita huA hogaa| yahAM yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki prastuta graMtha ke prArambha meM caudaha guNasthAnoM ko jIvasamAsa ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| caudaha guNasthAnoM ko samavAyAMgasUtra meM mAtra jIvasthAna ke nAma se tathA SaTkhaNDAgama ke prArambha meM jIvasamAsa ke nAma se aura bAda meM guNasthAna ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke samAna hI prastuta kRti meM bhI guNasthAna ko pahale jIvasamAsa aura bAda meM guNasthAna ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| punaH prastuta kRti kI SaTkhaNDAgama ke satyapadaprarUpanA nAmaka prathama khaNDa se bhI aneka arthoM meM samAnatA hai, jisakI carcA hama Age kreNge| isase aisA lagatA hai ki yaha kRti SaTkhaNDAgama kI samakAlika yA usase kiMcita pUrvavartI yA paravartI hI rahI hogI, phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki prastuta kRti usI prArambhika kAla kI racanA hai, jaba guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNA jIvasamAsa ke nAma se prArambha hokara guNasthAna siddhAMta ke rUpa meM apanA svarUpa le rahI thii| isameM guNasthAnoM aura mArgaNAoM ke saha-sambaMdha kI carcA se yaha bhI pha lita hotA hai ki yaha chaThI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha kI racanA hai, kyoMki chaThI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha se na kevala jIvasamAsa yA jIvasthAna, guNasthAna ke nAma se abhihita hone lage the, apitu jIvasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna aura guNasthAna ke eka-dUsare se pArasparika saha-sambaMdha bhI nizcita ho cuke the| jIvasamAsa nAmaka prastuta kRti meM jIvasthAnoM, mArgaNAsthAnoM aura guNasthAnoM ke pArasparika sambaMdha kI jo spaSTa carcA hai, usase yahI phalita hotA hai ki yaha kRti lagabhaga chaThI zatI ke uttarArddha kI racanA hokara SaTkhaNDAgama ke samakAlika honI caahie| (23)

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isa prasaMga meM guNasthAna siddhAMta ke udbhava aura vikAsa kI yAtrA ko samajha lenA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jIvasamAsa nAmaka isa kRti meM 'jIvasamAsa' ke nAma se guNasthAnoM kI hI carcA kI gaI hai aura ina guNasthAnoM ke saMdarbha meM mArgaNAoM Adi kA saha-sambaMdha spaSTa karanA hI isakA pratipAdya hai| guNasthAna siddhAMta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa . vyakti kI AdhyAtmika zuddhi ke vibhinna staroM kA nirdhAraNa karane ke lie jaina darzana meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA jaina dharma kI eka pramukha avadhAraNA hai, tathApi prAcIna stara ke jaina-AgamoM yathAAcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita, dazavaikAlika, bhagavatI Adi meM isa siddhAMta kA koI nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hai| sarvaprathama samavAyAMga meM jIvasthAna ke nAma se ina guNasthAnoM kA ullekha huA hai| samavAyAMga meM yadyapi caudaha guNasthAnoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza huA hai, kiMtu unheM guNasthAna na kahakara jIvasthAna (jIvaThANa) kahA gayA hai| (samavAyAMga, sampAdaka- mudhakaramuni, 14/95) / . samavAyAMga ke pazcAt zvetAmbara paramparA meM guNasthAnoM ke ina caudaha nAmoM kA nirdeza Avazyakaniyukti meM upalabdha hai, kiMtu usameM bhI unheM guNasthAna na kahakara jIvasthAna hI kahA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki niyukti meM bhI ye gAthAeM prakSipta haiN| AcArya haribhadra (AThavIM zatI) ne apanI Avazyakaniyukti kI TIkA meM inheM saMgrahaNIsUtra se uddhRta batAyA hai| AgamoM ke samAna prakIrNakoM meM bhI guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA abhAva hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM ina caudaha avasthAoM ke lie 'guNasthAna' zabda kA sarvaprathama prayoga hameM AvazyakacUrNi (7vIM zatI) meM milatA hai, usameM lagabhaga tIna pRSThoM meM isakA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| jahAM taka acela paramparA kA prazna hai, usameM kasAyapAhuDaM ko chor3akara SaTkhaNDAgama, mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA jaise tattvajJAna evaM AcArapradhAna graMthoM meM tathA tattvArthasUtra kI pUjyapAda devanandI kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA, bhaTTa akalaMka ke rAjavArttika, vidyAnandI ke zlokavArttika Adi digambara AcAryoM ke TIkA graMthoM meM isa siddhAMta kA vistRta vivecana huA hai| jJAtavya hai ki mAtra SaTkhaNDAgama meM inheM jIvasamAsa kahA gayA hai| zeSa sabhI graMthoM meM inheM guNasthAna ke nAma se hI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| 24

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hamAre lie Azcarya kA viSaya to yaha hai ki AcArya umAsvAti (lagabhaga tIsarI-cauthI zatI) ne jahAM apane tattvArthasUtra meM jaina dharma evaM darzana ke lagabhaga sabhI pakSoM para prakAza DAlA hai| vahAM unhoMne caudaha guNasthAnoM kA spaSTa rUpa se kahIM bhI nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| ataH yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se upasthita hotA hai ki kyA tattvArthasUtra ke racanAkAla taka jaina dharma meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa nahIM huA thA? aura yadi usakA vikAsa ho cukA thA to umAsvAti ne apane mUla graMtha tattvArthasUtra meM yA usakI svopajJa TIkA tattvArthabhASya meM usakA ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA? jabaki unhoMne tattvArthasUtra ke nauveM adhyAya meM AdhyAtmika vizuddhi (karma-nirjarA) kI dasa avasthAoM ko sUcita karate hue eka lambA sUtra banAyA hai| yadi unake sAmane guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA hotI to nizcaya hI ve usa sUtra ke sthAna para usakA pratipAdana karate, kyoMki prastuta sUtra meM jina dasa avasthAoM kA nirdeza hai, unameM aura guNasthAnoM ke nAmakaraNa evaM krama meM bahuta kucha samAnatA hai| merI dRSTi meM to inhIM dasa avasthAoM ke AdhAra para hI guNasthAna siddhAMta kA vikAsa huA hai| isa sUtra meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA se sambaMdhita kucha pAribhASika zabda- jaise darzana-moha upazamaka, darzana-moha kSapaka (cAritra-moha), upazamaka, (cAritramoha) kSapaka, upazAntamoha, kSINamoha, kevalI (jina) Adi upalabdha hote haiN| isase aisA lagatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJabhASya ke racanAkAla taka jaina paramparA meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa nahIM ho pAyA thA, yadyapi isa avadhAraNA ke mUla bIja upasthita the| aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha bAta bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ki samavAyAMga aura SaTkhaNDAgama ke prArambha meM 14 guNasthAnoM ke nAmoM kA spaSTa nirdeza hokara bhI unheM guNasthAna nAma se abhihita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jahAM samavAyAMga unheM jIvasthAna kahatA hai vahAM prastuta jIvasamAsa evaM SaTkhaNDAgama meM unheM jIvasamAsa kahA gayA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki jIvasamAsa aura SaTkhaNDAgama- ye donoM graMtha prAcIna stara ke zvetAmbara AgamoM, kasAyapAhuDasutta, tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya se paravartI haiM aura ina avasthAoM ke lie guNasthAna zabda kA spaSTa ullekha karane vAlI zvetAmbara-digambara racanAoM se pUrvavartI haiN| sAtha hI ye donoM graMthaM samakAlIna bhI haiM, kyoMki hama dekhate haiM ki chaThI zatAbdI uttarArddha aura usake pazcAt ke zvetAmbara-digambara graMthoM meM vizeSa rUpa se karma-siddhAMta sambaMdhI graMthoM tathA tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM meM ina avasthAoM ke lie guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga spaSTatayA kiyA jAne lagA thaa| -- isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM lagabhaga tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI

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taka guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA anupasthita thii| lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM yaha siddhAMta astitva meM AyA, kiMtu taba ise guNasthAna na kahakara jIvasthAna yA jIvasamAsa kahA gyaa| lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI se isake lie guNasthAna zabda rUr3ha ho gyaa| jisa prakAra jIvasamAsa kI prathama gAthA meM guNasthAna ke lie 'guNa' kA prayoga huA hai, usI prakAra mUlAcAra meM bhI inake lie 'guNa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| usameM caudaha guNasthAnoM kA ullekha bhI hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM yadyapi eka sAtha caudaha guNasthAnoM kA ullekha nahIM hai, kiMtu dhyAna ke prasaMga meM 7veM se 14veM guNasthAna taka kI, mUlAcAra kI apekSA vistRta vivecanA huI hai| usake pazcAt devanandI kI sarvArthasiddhiM TIkA meM guNasthAna (guNaTThANa) kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| pUjyapAda devanandI ne to sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM satprarUpaNA Adi dvAroM kI carcA meM mArgaNAoM kI carcA karate hue pratyeka mArgaNA ke saMdarbha meM guNasthAnoM kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai, yaha vivaraNa AMzika rUpa se jIvasamAsa evaM SaTkhaNDAgama se samAnatA rakhatA hai| AcArya kundakunda kI hI yaha vizleSatA hai ki unhoMne sarvaprathama niyamasAra, samayasAra Adi meM maggaNAThANa, guNaThANa aura jIvaThANa kA unake bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM prayoga kiyA hai| isa prakAra jIvaThANa yA jIvasamAsa zabda jo samavAyAMga evaM SaTkhaNDAgama ke kAla taka guNasthAna ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM prayukta hote the, ve aba jIva kI vividha yoniyoM ke saMdarbha meM prayukta hone lge| kundakunda ke graMthoM meM jIvasthAna kA tAtparya jIvoM ke janma grahaNa karane kI vividha yoniyoM se hai| isakA eka phalitArtha yaha hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra tathA kundakunda ke kAla taka jIvasthAna aura guNasthAna donoM kI alaga-alaga spaSTa dhAraNAeM bana cukI thIM aura ina donoM ke vivecya viSaya bhI alaga ho gae the| jIvasthAna yA jIvasamAsa kA sambaMdha jIvayoniyoM/jIvajAtiyoM se aura guNasthAna kA sambaMdha Atmavizuddhi/karmavizuddhi se mAnA jAne lagA thaa| jJAtavya hai ki AcArAMga Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM jahAM guNa zabda kA prayoga baMdhaka tattva ke rUpa meM ho rahA thA, vahAM guNa zabda kA prayoga guNasthAna meM Atmavizuddhi kA vAcaka bana gyaa| isa prakAra yadi guNasthAna siddhAMta ke aitihAsika vikAsakrama kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, sarvArthasiddhi TIkA evaM kundakunda ke samayasAra, niyamasAra Adi sabhI graMtha lagabhaga chaThI zatI uttarArddha yA usase bhI paravartI hI siddha hote haiN| nizcaya hI prastuta jIvasamAsa aura SaTkhaNDAgama unase kucha pUrvavartI hai| (26)

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. ina samasta carcA se aisA lagatA hai ki lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke aMta meM jaba sarvaprathama guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA suvyavasthita huI, taba use jIvasthAna yA jIvasamAsa ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA thA- guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga abhI pracalita nahIM huA thaa| lagabhaga chaThI zatI se isake lie guNasthAna zabda rUr3ha huA aura chaThI zatI ke uttarArddha meM jIvasthAnoM, mArgaNAsthAnoM aura guNasthAnoM ke saha-sambaMdha nizcita hue| guNasthAna ke isa aitihAsika vikAsakrama ko samajhane ke lie nIce hama do sAraNiyAM prastuta kara rahe haiM - guNasthAna siddhAMta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa sAriNI kramAMka -1 tattvArtha evaM | kasAyapAhuDasutta / samavAyAMga/ | zvetAmbaratattvArthabhASya SaTkhaNDAgama/ | digambara tattvArtha kI jIvasamAsa TIkAeM evaM ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, samayasAra, niyamasAra Adi 3rI-4thI zatI | 4thI zatI | 5vIM-6ThI zatI | 6ThI zatI yA usake pazcAt guNasthAna, jIva- guNasthAna, | samavAyAMga meM guNasthAna zabda kI samAsa, jIvasthAna, | guNasthAna zabda kA| spaSTa jIvasthAna jIvasamAsa Adi | abhAva | upasthiti mArgaNA AdiH | zabdoM kA abhAva, | kiMtu jIvaThANa kA zabdoM kA pUrNa | kiMtu mArgaNA zabda | ullekha hai, jabaki abhAva | pAyA jAtA hai| | jIvasamAsa evaM | SaTkhaNDAgama meM prArambha meM Thuilli @ (27

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jIvasamAsa aura bAda meM guNasthAna ke nAma se 14 avasthAoM kA citrnn| karmavizuddhi yA karmavizuddhi yA 14 avasthAoM | 14 avasthAoM kA AdhyAtmika | AdhyAtmika vikAsa | kA ullekha hai| ullekha hai| vikAsa kI dasa kI dRSTi se avasthAoM kA mithyAdRSTi kI gaNanA citraNa, mithyAtva karane para prakAra bheda kA antarbhAva | se kula 13 karane para 11 | avasthAoM kA . / avasthAoM kA ullekh| ullekh| sAsvAdana, | ullekha hai| sAsvAdana, | sAsvAdana samyamithyA dRSTi samyak- (sAsAdana) aura . | (mizradRSTi) aura mithyAdRSTi aura | ayogI kevalI | ayogI kevalI ayogI kevalI | avasthA kA pUrNa | Adi kA ullekha dazA kA pUrNa abhAva, kiMtu hai| abhaav| samyakmithyAdRSTi kI upsthiti| | ullekha hai| ullekha hai| apramattasaMyata, apUrva karaNa apramattasaMyata, | apUrvakaraNa 28

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(nivRttibAdara) (nivRttibAdara) anivRttikaraNa anivRttikaraNa (a-nivRtti- (anivRttibAdara) bAdara) jaise jaise nAmoM kA nAmoM kA abhaav| |abhAva hai| upazama aura kSaya |upazama aura kSapaka alaga-alaga zreNI alaga-alaga kA vicAra hai, kA vicAra hai, vicAra upsthit| zreNI-vicAra kiMtu 8veM guNasthAna | kiMtu 8veM guNasthAna | upsthit| meM upazama aura se upazama zreNI aura kSAyika zreNI se kSapaka zreNI se alaga-alaga alaga-alaga ArohaNa hotA hai| ArohaNa hotA hai| aisA vicAra nahIM hai| aisA vicAra nahIM hai| patana kI avasthA patana kI avasthA patana Adi kA mUla | ina vyAkhyA graMthoM meM kA koI citraNa kA pATha meM citraNa nahIM patana Adi kA nahIM hai| koI citraNa citraNa hai| nahIM hai jIvasthAna, jIvasthAna mArgaNA- samavAyAMga mUlapATha sahasambaMdha kI carcA mArgaNA-sthAna aura sthAna aura guNasthAna meM jIvasthAna aura hai| guNasthAna ke saha- ke saha-sambaMdhoM kI guNasthAna donoM ko sambaMdha kI carcA koI carcA nahIM hai| jIvasthAna hI kahA kA abhAva hai| gayA hai| isameM inake saha-sambaMdha kI koI

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carcA nahIM hai, kiMtu jIvasamAsa evaM SaTkhaNDAgama mUla meM| | inake sahasambaMdhoM kI carcA hai| sAriNI saMkhyA : 2 tattvArtha sUtra kasAyapAhuDa (tIsarI-cauthI . | (4thI zatI zatI) uttarArdha) samavAyAMga/ SaTkhaNDAgama (lagabhaga 5vIM tattvArtha kI TIkAeM | (lagabhaga chaThI | zatI) zatI). mithyAdRSTi mithyAtva (isa micchAdiTThi saMdarbha meM ise (mithyAdRSTi) parigaNita nahIM kiyA hai) | micchAdiTThi (mithyAdRSTi) sAsvAdana samyak dRSTi sAsvAdana sAsAyaNasammadiTThI sammA-micchAiTTho sammA-micchAdiTThI | samyagamithyAdRSTi (missagaM) (samyak mithyAdRSTi) (mizradRSTi)

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1. samyagdRSTi aviraya sammAdiTThI | samyagdRSTi sammAiTThI (samyakdRSTi) aviradIe 2. zrAvaka viradAvirade (virata- virayAvirae (virata- dezavirata | avirata) desavirayI | avirata) (sAgAra) saMjamAsaMjama 3. virata | virada (saMjama) pamattasaMjae pramattasayata apramattasaMyata 4. anantaviyojaka dasaNamoha uvasAgame apamattasaMjae (darzanamoha upazAmaka) . 5. darzanamoha- saNamoha khavage niaTTibAyare | (darzanamoha-kSapaka) apUrvakaraNa kSapaka 6. (cAritramoha) upazamaka aniaTTibAyare anivRttikaraNa caritamohassa upasAmage (uvasAmaNA) ( 31)

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suhumarAgo suhuma-saMparAe sUkSma-sampArAya 7. upazAnta uvasaMta mohe | upazAnta-moha cAritramoha uvasaMta kasAya khavage 8. cAritramoha kSapaka 9. kSINamoha khINamoha (chadumattho-khINamohe kSINamoha vedago) 10. jina sayogI kevalI jiNa kevalI savvaNhU sajogI kevalI savvadarisI (jJAtavya hai ki cUrNi meM 'saMjogijiNo' zabda hai, mUla meM nahIM hai) cUrNi meM yoganirodha kA ullekha hai, kiMtu mUla meM nahIM hai| ayogI kevalI ayogI kevalI

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graMtha kI bhASA evaM zailI jahAM-taka jIvasamAsa kI bhASA kA prazna hai, vaha spaSTatayA mahArASTrI prAkRta hai| isase isake sambaMdha meM do bAteM nizcita hotI haiM- eka to yaha ki isakI racanA saurASTra aura rAjasthAna meM hI kahIM huI hogI, kyoMki yadi isakI racanA magadha yA zaurasaina meM huI hotI to isakI bhASA meM ArSa arddhamAgadhI athavA zaurasenI prAkata hotii| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki isakI racanA saMghabheda ke pazcAt zvetAmbara paramparA meM huI hai, kyoMki isa yuga ke digambara graMtha prAyaH zaurasenI yA mahArASTrI prabhAvita zaurasenI meM pAe jAte haiN| yadyapi prastuta kRti mahArASTrI prAkRta kI racanA hai, phira bhI isameM kahIM-kahIM ArSa arddhamAgadhI ke prayoga dekhe jAte haiN| jahAM taka jIvasamAsa kI zailI kA prazna hai, nizcaya hI yaha SaTkhaNDAgama ke samarUpa pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki donoM hI graMtha caudaha mArgaNAoM evaM chaha aura ATha anuyogadvAroM ke AdhAroM para caudaha guNasthAnoM kI carcA karate haiN| yadyapi SaTkhaNDAgama kI jIvasamAsa se aneka arthoM meM bhinnatA hai, jahAM SaTkhaNDAgama sAmAnyatayA zaurasenI meM likhA gayA hai, vahAM jIvasamAsa sAmAnyatayA mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhA gayA hai| punaH jahAM SaTkhaNDAgama gadya meM hai, vahAM jIvasamAsa padya meM hai| jahAM jIvasamAsa saMkSipta hai, vahAM SaTkhaNDAgama vyAkhyAtmaka hai, phira bhI viSaya prastutikaraNa kI zailI evaM viSayavastu ko lekara donoM meM paryApta samarUpatA bhI hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke prArambhika khaNDa jIvasthAna ke samAna isakA bhI prArambha sat-prarUpaNA se hotA hai| isameM bhI gati, iMdriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, jJAna, darzana, saMyama, lezyA, bhava, samyak, saMjJA aura AhAra- ina caudaha mArgaNAoM ke saMdarbha meM caudaha guNasthAnoM kI carcA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke prathama jIvasthAna ke samAna isameM bhI vahI nAma vAle ATha anuyogadvAra haiM- 1. sat- prarUpaNAdvAra, 2. parimANadvAra, 3. kSetradvAra, 4. sparzanAdvAra, 5. kAladvAra, 6. anatAra, 7. bhAvadvAra, 8. alpbhutvdvaar| . . isa prakAra viSaya pratipAdana meM donoM meM adbhUta zailIgata samarUpatA hai, phira bhI SaTkhaNDAgama kI apekSA jIvasamAsa saMkSipta hai| aisA lagatA hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama kA prathama khaNDa jIvasamAsa kI hI vyAkhyA ho| jIvasamAsa ke AdhArabhUta graMtha - jIvasamAsa graMtha vastutaH dRSTivAda se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki usakI aMtima

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gAthA meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha hai ki jinopadiSTa bahubhaMga vAle dRSTivAda ke dRSTi-sthAna se jIvasamAsa nAmaka yaha graMtha uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi jIvasamAsa kI viSayavastu se sambaMdhita aneka viSayoM kI carcA bhagavatI, prajJApanA, jIvAjIvAbhigama, anuyogadvAra Adi zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM milatI hai, kiMtu yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki isa graMtha kI racanA ina graMthoM ke AdhAra para huI hai, kyoMki aneka praznoM para prastuta graMtha kA mata bhagavatI, prajJApanA Adi se bhinna pratIta hotA hai| isameM varNita aneka viSaya, jaise mArgaNAoM aura guNasthAnoM ke saha-sambaMdha Adi aise haiM, jinakA zvetAmbara mAnya ina AgamoM meM koI ullekha hI nahIM hai, kiMtu AgamoM kI valabhI vAcanA se paravartI caMdrarSi mahattara ke prAcIna karmagraMthoM (chaThI zatI) meM ye viSaya carcita haiN| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki graMthakAra ne jo dRSTivAda se isako avatarita karane kI bAta kahI, vaha AMzika satya avazya hai, kyoMki karmoM ke baMdha, udaya, kSayopazama Adi kA viSaya kammapayaDI Adi pUrva sAhitya ke aMgIbhUta graMthoM meM hI adhika sUkSmatA se vivecita thaa| jaina paramparA meM aMgadharoM ke samAna hI pUrvadharoM kI eka svataMtra paramparA rahI hai aura karma-sAhitya vizeSa rUpa se pUrva-sAhitya kA aMga rahA hai| punaH Agamika mAnyatAoM kI apekSA isake mantavyoM kA karmagraMthakAroM ke adhika nikaTa honA bhI isa tathya kI puSTi karatA hai| AgamoM, karmagraMthoM aura jIvasamAsa ke mantavyoM meM kahAM samarUpatA hai aura kahAM matabheda hai, yaha saba vistAra se anveSaNIya hai| SaTkhaNDAgama aura jIvasamAsa jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM aneka sthaloM para saMketa kiyA ki jIvasamAsa kI sampUrNa viSayavastu apane varNita viSaya aura zailI kI dRSTi se SaTkhaNDAgama ke prathama khaNDa jIvasthAna se pUrNataH samarUpatA rakhatI hai| mAtra aMtara. yaha hai ki jahAM jIvasamAsa meM yaha varNana mAtra 286 gAthAoM meM kiyA gayA hai, vahI varNana SaTkhaNDAgama ke jIvasthAna meM 1860 sUtroM ke dvArA kiyA gyaa| dUsarA mahattvapUrNa aMtara SaTkhaNDAgama aura jIvasamAsa meM yaha hai ki pratyeka anuyogadvAra kI pratyeka prarUpaNA ke AdhArabhUta tathyoM kI jo vistRta carcA lagabhaga 111 gAthAoM meM jIvasamAsa meM kI gaI hai, vaha SaTkhaNDAgama ke jIvasthAna meM to nahIM hai, kiMtu usakI dhavalA TIkA meM avazya upalabdha hotI hai| isa AdhAra para yaha kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki kyA jIvasamAsakAra ne SaTkhaNDAgama ke AdhAra para hI to isakI racanA nahIM kI hai? kiMtu aisA nahIM hai| isa sambaMdha meM hama apanI ora se kucha na kahakara SaTkhaNDAgama ke viziSTa vidvAn usake sampAdaka 34

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aura bhUmikA lekhaka paM. hIrAlAlajI zAstrI kA mantavya, unakI SaTkhaNDAgama kI bhUmikA se uddhRta karake avikala rUpa se de rahe haiN| unake nibaMdha kA niSkarSa yahI hai- 'kisI pUrvavettA AcArya ne dina para dina kSINa hotI huI logoM kI buddhi aura dhAraNA zakti ko dekhakara hI pravacana-vAtsalya se prerita hokara ise gAthA rUpa meM nibaddha kara diyA hai aura vaha AcArya paramparA se pravahamAna hotA huA dharasenAcArya ko prApta huA hai| usameM jo kathana spaSTa thA, usakI vyAkhyA meM adhika bala na dekara jo aprarUpita mArgaNAoM kA gUr3ha artha thA, usakA unhoMne bhUtabali aura puSpadanta ko vistAra se vivecana kiyA aura unhoMne bhI usI gUr3ha rahasya ko apanI racanA meM spaSTa karake kahanA yA likhanA ucita smjhaa|' mAtra itanA hI nahIM digambara paramparA ke bahuzruta vidvAn AdaraNIya paNDita jI ne apanI bhUmikA ke upasaMhAra meM isa tathya ko spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki jIvasamAsa SaTkhaNDAgama ke jIvaTThANa prarUpaNAoM kA AdhAra rahA hai| ve likhate haiM ___ isa prakAra jIvasamAsa kI racanA dekhate hue usakI mahattA hRdaya para svataH hI aMkita ho jAtI hai aura isa bAta meM koI saMdeha nahIM rahatA ki usake nirmAtA pUrvavettA the, yA nahIM? kyoMki unhoMne uparyukta upasaMhAra gAthA meM svayaM hI 'bahubhaMgadiTThiyAe' pada dekara apane pUrvavettA hone kA saMketa kara diyA hai| samagra jIvasamAsa kA siMhAvalokana karane para pAThakagaNa do bAtoM ke niSkarSa para pahuMceMge- eka to yaha ki viSaya varNana kI sUkSmatA aura mahattA kI dRSTi se yaha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai aura dUsarI yaha ki yaha SaTkhaNDAgama ke jIvaTThANa-prarUpaNAoM kA AdhAra rahA hai|' mAtra itanA hI nahIM, ve isa tathya ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki zvetAmbara saMsthAoM se prakAzita 'pUrvabhRtsUrisUtrita' jIvasamAsa prAcIna hai aura SakhaNDAgama ke jIvasthAna aura digambara prAkRta paMcasaMgraha ke jIvasamAsa kA kisI rUpa meM upajIvya bhI rahA hai| mAtra AdaraNIya paNDitajI ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI bhUmikA ke aMta meM yaha avazya mAnA hai ki jIvasamAsa meM eka hI bAta khaTakane jaisI hai, vaha yaha ki usameM solaha svargoM ke sthAna para 12 svargoM ke hI nAma haiN| ve likhate haiM- 'yadyapi jIvasamAsa kI eka bAta avazya khaTakane jaisI hai ki usameM 16 svargoM ke sthAna para 12 svargoM ke hI nAma haiM aura nava anudizoM kA bhI nAma-nirdeza nahIM hai, tathApi jaise tattvArthasUtra ke 'dazASTapaMcadvAdazavikalpAH ' ityAdi sUtra meM 16 ke sthAna para 12 kalpoM kA nirdeza hone para bhI iMdroM kI vivakSA karake aura

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'navasu graiveyakeSu vijayAdiSu' ityAdi sUtra meM anudizoM ke nAma kA nirdeza nahIM hone para bhI usakI 'navasu' pada se sUcanA mAna karake samAdhAna kara liyA gayA hai, usI prakAra se yahAM bhI samAdhAna kiyA jA sakatA hai|' yadyapi AdaraNIya paNDitajI ne digambara paramparA kI dRSTi se yahAM isa samasyA kA samAdhAna tattvArthasUtra ke usa sUtra kI, sarvArthasiddhi kI vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para karane kA kiyA hai, kiMtu yahAM merA dRSTikoNa kucha bhinna hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM aise aneka tathya pAe jAte haiM, jo digambara paramparA kI Aja kI mUlabhUta mAnyatAoM se aMtara rakhate haiN| yadi hama yahAM strI meM sAtaveM guNasthAna kI sambhAvanA aura strI-mukti ke samarthaka usake prathama khaNDa sUtra 93 kI vivAdAspada vyAkhyA ko na bhI leM, to bhI kucha prAcIna mAnyatAeM SaTkhaNDAgama kI aisI haiM, jo prastuta jIvasamAsa se samarUpatA rakhatI haiM aura digambara paramparA kI vartamAna mAnyatAoM se bhinntaa| AdaraNIya paNDitajI ne yahAM yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki jIvasamAsa meM 12 svargoM kI hI mAnyatA hai, kiMtu svayaM SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI 12 svargoM kI hI mAnyatA hai| usake vargaNAkhaNDa ke prakRti anuyogadvAra kI nimna gAthAeM 12 svargoM kA hI nirdeza karatI haiM sakkIsANA paThamaM doccaM tu snnkkumaar-maahiNdaa| , tacca tu bamha-laMtaya sukka-sahassArayA cottha // . - 5/5/70, pRSTha saM. 705 ANada-pANadavAsI taha AraNa-accudA yaM je devA / passaMti paMcamakhidiM chaTThima gevajjayA devA // ' savvaM ca logaNAli passaMti aNuttaresu je devA / sakkhette ya sakamme rUvagadamaNaMtabhAgaM ca / / - 5/5/72, pRSTha saM. 706 mAtra yaha hI nahIM, jisa prakAra jIvasamAsa meM pAMca hI mUla nayoM kI carcA huI hai, usI prakAra SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI sarvatra unhIM pAMca nayoM kA nirdeza huA hai| tattvArthasUtra kI prAcIna bhASyamAna paramparA bhI pAMca mUla nayoM kA hI nirdeza karatI hai, jabaki sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM sAta nayoM kI carcA hai| vastutaH, tattvArthasUtra kA bhASyamAna pATha SaTkhaNDAgama aura jIvasamAsa kisI prAcIna dhArA kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| cAhe hama paramparA AdhAroM

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para inheM eka-dUsare ke AdhAra para banAyA gayA na bhI mAneM to bhI itanA to nizcita hI hai ki unakA mUla AdhAra pUrvasAhitya kI paramparA rahI hai| zvetAmbara jIvasamAsa aura digambara jIvasamAsa prastuta jIvasamAsa ke samAna hI digambara paramparA meM prAkRta paMcasaMgraha ke aMtargata jIvasamAsa pAyA jAtA hai| donoM ke nAma sAmya ko dekhakara svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha jijJAsA hotI hai ki ina donoM meM kitanA sAmya aura vaiSamya hai aura kauna kisake AdhAra para nirmita huA hai| isa sambaMdha meM bhI yadi maiM apanI ora se kucha kahatA hUM, to zAyada yaha samajhA jAegA ki mujhe kucha pakSa vyAmoha hai| ataH isa sambaMdha meM bhI apanI ora se kucha na kahakara punaH digambara paramparA ke bahuzruta vidvAn paNDita hIrAlAlajI zAstrI kI paMcasaMgraha kI bhUmikA se hI kucha aMza avikala rUpa se uddhRta kara rahA huuN| AdaraNIya paNDitajI likhate haiM - ___paMcasaMgraha ke prathama prakaraNa kA nAma jIvasamAsa hai| isa nAma kA eka graMtha zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA ratalAma kI ora se san 1928 meM eka saMgraha ke bhItara prakAzita huA hai, jisakI gAthA saMkhyA 286 hai| nAma-sAmya hote hue bhI adhikAMza gAthAeM na viSaya-gata samatA rakhatI haiM aura na arthagata samatA hii| gAthA-saMkhyA kI dRSTi se bhI donoM meM paryApta aMtara hai, phira bhI jitanA kucha sAmya pAyA jAtA hai, unake AdhAra para eka bAta sunizcita rUpa se kahI jA sakatI hai ki zvetAmbara saMsthAoM se prakAzita jIvasamAsa prAcIna hai| paMcasaMgrahakAra ne usake dvArA sUcita anuyogadvAroM meM se 1-2 anuyogadvAra ke AdhAra para apane jIvasamAsa prakaraNa kI racanA kI hai| isake pakSa meM kucha pramANa nimnaprakAra hai - 1. zvetAmbara saMsthAoM se prakAzita jIvasamAsa ko 'pUrvabhRtsUrisUtrita' mAnA jAtA hai| isakA yaha artha hai ki jaba jaina paramparA meM pUrvo kA jJAna vidyamAna thA, usa samaya kisI pUrvavettA AcArya ne isakA nirmANa kiyA hai| graMtha-racanA ko dekhane se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki yaha graMtha bhUtabali aura puSpadanta se bhI prAcIna hai aura vaha SaTkhaNDAgama ke jIvaTThANa nAmaka prathama khaNDa kI AThoM prarUpaNAoM ke sUtra-nirmANa meM AdhAra rahA hai tathA yahI graMtha prastuta paMcasaMgraha ke jIvasamAsa nAmaka prathama prakaraNa kA bhI AdhAra rahA hai| isakI sAkSI meM ukta graMtha kI eka gAthA pramANa rUpa se upasthita kI jAtI hai, jo ki zvetAmbara jIvasamAsa meM maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt hI pAI jAtI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai (37)

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Nikkheva-NiruttIhiM ya chahiM aTThahiM aNuogadArehiM / gaiAimaggaNAhi ya jIvasamAsA'NugaMtabbA // 2 // isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki nAmAdi nikSepoM ke dvArA nirukti ke dvArA nirdeza, svAmitva Adi chaha aura sat, saMkhyA Adi ATha anuyoga-dvAroM se tathA gati Adi caudaha mArgaNA-dvAroM se jIvasamAsa ko jAnanA caahie| isake pazcAt ukta sUcanA ke anusAra hI sat-saMkhyAdi AThoM prarUpaNAoM Adi kA mArgaNAsthAnoM meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa jIvasamAsa prakaraNa kI gAthA -saMkhyA kI svalpatA aura jIvaTThANa ke AThoM prarUpaNAoM kI sUtra-saMkhyA kI vizAlatA hI usake nirmANa meM eka-dUsare kI AdhAra-AdheyatA ko siddha karatI hai| jIvasamAsa kI gAthAoM aura SaTkhaNDAgama ke jIvasthAnakhaNDa ko AThoM prarUpaNAoM kA varNana-krama viSaya kI dRSTi se kitanA samAna hai, yaha pAThaka donoM kA adhyayana kara svayaM hI anubhava kreN| prastuta paMcasaMgraha ke jIvasamAsa-prakaraNa ke aMta meM upasaMhAra karate hue jo 182 aMka-saMkhyA vAlI gAthA pAI jAtI hai, usase bhI hamAre ukta kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| vaha gAthA isa prakAra hai Nikkheve eyaDhe NayappamANe nnirukti-annioge| maggai vIsaM bhee so jANai jIvasabbhAvaM / / arthAt jo puruSa nikSepa, ekArtha, naya, pramANa, nirukti aura anuyogadvAroM se mArgaNA Adi bIsa bhedoM meM jIva kA anveSaNa karatA hai, vaha jIva ke yathArtha sadbhAva yA svarUpa ko jAnatA hai| pAThaka svayaM hI dekheM ki pahalI gAthA kI bAta ko hI dUsarI gAthA ke dvArA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| kevala eka aMtara donoM meM hai| vaha yaha ki pahalI gAthA ukta prakaraNa ke prArambha meM dI hai, jabaki dUsarI gAthA usa prakaraNa ke aMta meN| pahale prakaraNa meM pratijJA ke anusAra pratipAdya viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, jabaki dUsare prakaraNa meM kevala eka nirdeza- anuyogadvAra se 14 mArgaNAoM meM jIva kI viMzatividhA satprarUpaNA kI gaI hai aura zeSa saMkhyAdi prarUpaNAoM ko na kahakara unako jAnane kI sUcanA kara dI gaI hai| 2. pRthivI Adi SaTkAyika jIvoM ke bheda pratipAdana karane vAlI gAthAeM bhI (38)

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donoM jIvasamAsoM meM bahuta kucha samAnatA rakhatI haiN| 3. prAkRta vRttivAle jIvasamAsa kI aneka gAthAeM ukta jIvasamAsa meM jyoMkI-tyoM pAI jAtI hai| * ukta samatA ke hote hue bhI paMcasaMgrahakAra ne ukta jIvasamAsa-prakaraNa kI aneka gAthAeM jahAM saMkalita kI haiM, vahAM aneka gAthAeM una para bhASyarUpa se racI hai aura aneka gAthAoM kA Agama ke AdhAra para svayaM bhI svataMtra rUpa se nirvANa kiyA hai| (pR.37), phi ra bhI yaha satya hai ki donoM jIvasamAsoM meM kucha gAthAeM samAna haiN| anuvAdikA sAdhvI zrI vidyutprabhA zrI jI ke sahayoga se jo kucha samAna gAthAeM hameM prApta ho sakIM ve nIce dI jA rahI haiM jIvasamAsa-paMcasaMgraha : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (1) mArgaNA jIvasamAsa gai indiya kAe joe vee kasAya nANe y| saMjama daMsaNa lessA bhava samme sanni AhAre // 6 // paMcasaMgraha - . . gai indiyaM ca kAe,joe vee kasAya NANe ya / . saMjama daMsaNa lessA bhaviyA sammata saNNi AhAre // 57 // (2) jIva ke bheda jIvasamAsa - egidiyA ya bAyarasuhamA pajatayA apjjtaa| biyatiya cauriMdiya duviha bheya pajjata iyare ya // 23 // paMcindiyA asaNNI saNNI pajjattayA apajattA / paMcidiesu coddasa micchadiTThi bhave sesA // 24 // paMcasaMgraha - bAyarasuhumegiMdiya bi-ti-cauridiya asnnnnii-snnnniiy| pajattApajattA evaM cauddasA hoMti // 34 //

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(3) guNasthAna jIvasamAsa - micchA''sAyaNa missA AvirayasammA ya desavirayA ya / virayA pamatta iyare apuvva aNiyaTTi suhumA ya // 8 // uvasaMta khINamohA sajogI kevalijiNo ajogI ya / cauddasa jIvasamAsA kameNa ee'NugaMtavvA / / 9 // paMcasaMgraha - micchosAsaNa misso aviradasammo ya desarido y| virado pamatta iyaro apuvva aNiyaTTi suhamo ya / / 4 / / uvasaMta khINamoho sajogikevalI jiNo ajogI ya / cauddasa guNaTThANANi ya kameNa siddhA ya NAyavvA // 5 // (4) paryApti jIvasamAsa - AhAra sarIriMdiya pajattI ANapANa bhAsamaNe / cattAri paMcachappiya egidiya vigala saNNINaM // 25 // paMcasaMgraha - AhArasarIridiyapajjattI ANapANabhAsamaNo / cattAri paMca chappiya eiMdiya-viyala-saNNINaM // 44 // (1)pRthvIkAya jIvasamAsa - puDhavI ya sakkara bAluyA ya uvale silA ya loNUse / ayataMba tauya sIsaya rUpA suvaNNe ya vaira ya / / 27 / / paMcasaMgraha - puDhavI ya sakkarA bAluyA ya uvale silAi chttiisaa| puDhavImayA hu jIvA NiddiTThA jiNavariMdehiM / / 77 // .. (40)

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(2) appakAya jIvasamAsa - osA ya himaM mahigA harataNu suddhodae ghaNoe ya / vaNNaIhi ya bheyA suhumANaM natthi te bheyA // 31 // paMcasaMgraha - osA ya himiya mahiyA haradaNu suddhodayaM ghaNudayaM ca / . ede du AukAyA jIvA jiNasAsaNe diTThA // 78 // (3) teukAya jIvasamAsa iMgAla jAla accI mummara suddhAgaNI ya agaNI ya / * vaNAIhi ya bheyA suhumANaM natthi te bheyA // 32 // paMcasaMgraha - iMgAla jAla accI mummura suddhAgaNI ya agaNI y| / aNNevi evamAI teukkAyA samudiTThA // 79 // (4) vAyukAya jIvasamAsa - vAubbhAme Ukkali maMDaliguMjA mahAdhaNataNu yA / vaNNAIhi ya bheyA suhumANa natthi te bheyA // 33 // paMcasaMgraha - - vAubbhAmo ukkali maMDali guMjA mahAghaNa taNU ya / .. ede du vAukAyA jIvA jiNasAsaNe diTThA // 80 // . (5) vanaspatikAya jIvasamAsa - mUlaggaporabIyA kaMdA taha khaMdhabIya biiyruuhaa| saMbhucchimA ya bhaNiyA patteya aNaMtakAyA yA // 34 // .

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paMcasaMgraha - mUlaggaporabIyA kaMdA taha khaMdha bIya biiyruuhaa| sammucchimA ya bhaNiyA patteyANaMtakAyA ya / / 81 // narakoM meM lezyA jIvasamAsa - kAU kAU taha kAUnIla nIlA ya nIlakaNhiA ya / kiNhA ya paramakiNhA lesA rayaNappabhAiNaM / / 72 // paMcasaMgraha - kAU kAU taha kAU -kAu-NINa NIlA ya NIla-kiNhA y| kiNhA ya paramakiNhA lesA rayaNAdi-puDhavIsu // 185 // devoM meM lezyA jIvasamAsa teU teU taha teU pamha pamhA ya pamhasukkA y| sukkA ya paramasukkA sakkAdivimANavAsINaM // 73 // paMcasaMgraha - teU teU vaha teu-pamha pammA ya pamma-sukkA ya / sukkA ya paramasukkA lesA bhavaNAidevANaM // 189 // bhavyatva jIvasamAsa - micchadiTTi abhavvA bhavasiddhAyA ya svvtthaannesu| siddhA neva abhavvA navi bhavvA huMti nAyavvA / / 75 / / paMcasaMgraha - Na ya je bhavvAbhavvA muttisuhA hoti tiidsNsaaraa| te jIvA NAyavvA No bhavvA No abhavvA ya / / 157 // (42)

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AhAraka jIvasamAsa - viggahagaimAvannA kevaliNo samuhayA ajogI ya / siddhA ya ANAhArA sesA AhAragA jIvA // 82 / / paMcasaMgraha - viggahagaimAvannA kevaliNo samuha yA ajogI ya / siddhA ya ANAhArA sesA AhAragA jIvA // 177 // samudghAta jIvasamAsa - veyaNa kasAya maraNe veuvvi ya teyae ya AhAre / kevaMli ya samugghAe sattaya maNuesu nAyavvA / / 192 / / paMcasaMgraha - veyaNa kasAya veubviya mAraNaMtio smugghaao| tejA''hAro chaTTho sattamao kevalINaM ca // 196 // naraka meM aMtarakAla jIvasamAsa - cauvIsa muhuttA satta divasa pakkho ya mAsa duga curo| chammAsA rayaNAisu cauvIsa muhutta saNNiyare / / 250 / / paMcasaMgraha - paNayAlIsa muhUttA pakkho mAso ya viNNi caumAsA / __ chammAsa varisameya ca aMtaraM hoi puDhavINaM // 206 / / (1) naraka (2) naraka (3) naraka (4) naraka (5) naraka (6) naraka (7) naraka jIvasamAsa 24 muhUrta 7 dina 1pakSa 1 mAsa 2 mAsa 4 mAsa 6 mAsa / / 250 // paMcasaMgraha 45 muhUrta 1 pakSa 1 mAsa 2 mAsa 4 mAsa 6 mAsa 1 varSa / / 206 //

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samyaktvAdi kA virahakAla jIvasamAsa - sammatta sattagaM khalu variyAviraI hoi cauddasagaM / viraIe panarasagaM virahiya kAlo ahorattA // 262 / / paMcasaMgraha - sammatte satta diNA viradAvirade ya caudasA hoti / viradesu ya paNNarasaM virahiyakAlo ya bohavvo // 205 // .. donoM gAthA kA artha samAna hai| mAtra zabdoM kA aMtara hai| viSayavastu jIvasamAsa kI prArambhika gAthAoM meM hI yaha spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki isa graMtha meM cAra nikSepoM, chaha evaM ATha anuyogadvAroM aura caudaha mArgaNAoM ke AdhAra para jIva ke svarUpa kA evaM usake AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI caudaha avasthAoM kA arthAt caudaha guNasthAnoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sampUrNa graMtha 287 prAkRta gAthAoM meM nibaddha hai aura nimna ATha dvAroM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai- (1) satpadaprarUpaNA, (2) dravya-parimANa, (3) kSetra, (4) sparzanA, (5) kAla, (6) aMtara, (7) bhAva aura (8) alpbhutv| ina ATha anuyogadvAroM ko AdhAra banAkara pratyeka dvAra meM jIva ke tatsambaMdhI pakSa kI carcA kI gaI hai| ATha anuyogadvAroM ke ullekha ke pazcAt graMtha meM,caudaha mArgaNAsthAnoM, caudaha jIvasthAnoM aura caudaha guNasthAnoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| mArgaNA vaha hai, jisake mAdhyama se jIva apanI abhivyakti karatA hai| jIva kI zArIrika, aindrika, mAnasika evaM AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kI abhivyaktiyoM ke jo mArga haiM ve hI mArgaNA kahe jAte haiN| mArgaNAeM nimna haiM- (1) gati-mArgaNA, (2) indriya-mArgaNA, (3) kAya-mArgaNA, (4) yoga-mArgaNA, (5) veda-mArgaNA, (6) kaSAya-mArgaNA, (7) jJAna-mArgaNA, (8) saMyama-mArgaNA, (9) darzana-mArgaNA, (10) lezyA-mArgaNA, (11) bhavyatva-mArgaNA, (12) samyaktva-mArgaNA, (13) saMjJI-mArgaNA aura (14) aahaar-maargnnaa| isI krama meM Age caudaha guNasthAnoM kA jIvasamAsa ke nAma se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| ve caudaha guNasthAna nimna haiM (1) mithyAtva guNasthAna, (2) sAsvAdana guNasthAna, (3) mizra guNasthAna, (4) avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna, (5) deza-virata guNasthAna, (6) pramattasaMyama guNasthAna, (44)

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(7) apramattasaMyata guNasthAna, (8) apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna, (9) anivRttibAdara guNasthAna, (10) sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna, (11) upazAntamoha guNasthAna, (12) kSINamoha guNasthAna, (13) sayogIkevalI guNasthAna aura (14) ayogIkevalI gunnsthaan| ___ina prArambhika nirdezoM ke pazcAt jIvasamAsa ke prathama satpadaprarUpaNAdvAra meM uparyukta caudaha mArgaNAoM ke saMdarbha meM unakI bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA karate hue yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki kisa mArgaNA ke kisa bheda athavA prabheda meM kitane guNasthAna upalabdha hote haiN| vastutaH, prathama satpadaprarUpaNA-dvAra caudaha mArgaNAoM aura caudaha guNasthAnoM ke pArasparika saha-sambaMdhoM ko spaSTa karatA hai| hamArI jAnakArI meM acela paramparA meM SaTkhaNDAgama aura sacela paramparA meM jIvasamAsa hI ve prathama graMtha haiM, jo guNasthAnoM aura mArgaNAoM ke sahasambaMdha ko spaSTa karate haiN| jJAtavya hai ki AcArya kundakunda ne apane graMtha niyamasAra meM jIvasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna aura guNasthAna tInoM ko svataMtra siddhAMtoM ke rUpa meM pratisthApita kiyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki AcArya kundakunda ke samaya meM ye tInoM avadhAraNAeM na kevala vikasita ho cukI thIM, apitu inake pArasparika sambaMdha bhI suspaSTa kie jA cuke the| yadi hama isa saMdarbha meM jIvasamAsa kI sthiti kA vicAra kareM to hameM spaSTa lagatA hai ki jIvasamAsa ke racanAkAla taka ye avadhAraNAeM astitva meM to A cukI thIM, kiMtu inakA nAmakaraNa saMskAra nahIM huA thaa| jIvasamAsa kI gAthA chaha meM caudaha mArgaNAoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza hai, kiMtu yaha nirdeza nahIM hai ki inheM mArgaNA kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra gAthA ATha aura nau meM caudaha guNasthAnoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza hai, kiMtu vahAM inheM guNasthAna na kahakara jIvasamAsa kahA gayA hai| usI kAla ke anya do graMtha samavAyAMga aura SaTkhaNDAgama bhI guNasthAnoM ke lie guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga na kara kramazaH jIvasthAna aura jIvasamAsa zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| AcArya kundakunda hI prathama vyakti haiM jo ina tInoM avadhAraNAoM ko spaSTatayA alaga-alaga karate haiN| isI AdhAra para pro. DhAkI Adi kucha vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki kundakunda kA kAla chaThI zatAbdI ke pazcAt hI mAnanA hogA, jaba ye tInoM avadhAraNAeM eka-dUsare se pRthak-pRthak sthApita ho cukI thIM aura inameM se pratyeka ke eka-dUsare se pArasparika sambaMdha ko bhI sunizcita rUpa se nirdhArita kara diyA gayA thaa| prastuta kRti meM caudaha guNasthAnoM ke nAma nirdeza ke pazcAt jIva ke prakAroM kI carcA huI hai, usameM sarvaprathama yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ayogI kevalI do prakAra ke hote haiMsabhava aura abhv| abhava ko hI siddha kahA gayA hai| punaH sAMsArika jIvoM meM unake cAra prakAroM kI carcA huI hai- (1) nAraka, (2) tiryaMca, (3) manuSya aura (4) devtaa|

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. isake pazcAt prastuta kRti meM nArakoM ke sAta bhedoM aura devoM ke bhavanavAsI vyantara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika ye cAra bheda kie gae haiN| isake pazcAt inake upabhedoM kI bhI carcA huI hai| guNasthAna siddhAMta ke saMdarbha meM uparokta cAroM gatiyoM kI carcA karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki deva aura nAraka yoniyoM meM prathama cAra guNasthAna pAe jAte haiN| tiryaMcagati meM prathama pAMca guNasthAna pAe jAte haiM, jabaki manuSya gati meM caudaha hI guNasthAna pAe jAte haiN| jJAtavya hai ki prastuta prasaMga meM inake lie guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga na karate hue jIvasthAna zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt paryApta aura aparyApta kI carcA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki aparyApta meM mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna hotA hai| paryApta meM unakI gati ke anusAra guNasthAna pAe jAte haiN| isake pazcAt iMdriyoM kI dRSTi se carcA kI gaI hai| isameM ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM kI carcA hai| isameM caturindriya taka kevala mithyAtva guNasthAna hotA hai, jabaki paMcendriya meM caudaha guNasthAna pAe jAte haiN| isake pazcAt prastuta kRti meM iMdriya-mArgaNA kI carcA karate hue ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ekendriya jIva, bAdara (sthUla) aura sUkSma aise do prakAra ke hote haiN| punaH ina donoM hI prakAroM ke paryApta aura aparyApta aise do-do upabheda hote haiN| dvIndriya, trIndriya aura caturindriya jIvoM ke bhI paryApta aura aparyApta aise do bheda hote haiN| paMcendriyoM ke paryApta, aparyApta tathA saMjJI aura asaMjJI aise upabheda hote haiN| inameM paryApta saMjJI paMcendriya meM caudaha guNasthAna hote haiM, zeSa sabhI jIvoM meM mAtra mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki isI saMdarbha meM jIvasamAsa meM AhAra, zarIra, iMdriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mana- ye chaH paryAptiyAM batAI gaI haiM aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ekendriya jIvoM meM cAra, vikalendriya meM pAMca aura saMjJI paMcendriya meM chaH paryAptiyAM hotI haiN| kAya-mArgaNA kI carcA karate hue isameM SaTjIvanikAyoM aura unake bheda-prabhedoM kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| SaTjIvanikAyoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kI yaha carcA mukhyataH uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke chattIsaveM adhyayana ke samAna hI hai| yadyapi yaha carcA usakI apekSA saMkSipta hai, kyoMki isameM trasa-jIvoM kI carcA adhika vistAra se nahIM kI gaI hai| isI kAya-mArgaNA kI carcA ke aMtargata graMthakAra ne jIvoM ke vibhinna kuloM (prajAtiyoM) evaM yoniyoM (janma grahaNa karane ke sthAna) kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| yoniyoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM saMvRtta, vivRtta, saMvRtta-vivRtta tathA sajIva, nirjIva aura sajIva-nirjIva evaM zIta, uSNa tathA zItoSNa yoniyoM kI carcA hai| isI krama meM Age chaha prakAra ke saMghayaNa tathA

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chaha prakAra ke saMsthAnoM kI bhI carcA kI hai| isI krama meM isa sabakI bhI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai ki kina-kina jIvoM kI kitanI kulakoTiyAM hotI haiN| ve kisa prakAra kI yoni meM janma grahaNa karate haiN| unakA asthiyoM kA DhAMcA arthAt saMghahana kisa prakAra kA hotA hai tathA unakI zArIrika saMracanA kaisI hotI hai? isI krama meM Age pAMca prakAra ke zarIroM kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra ke jIvoM ko kauna-kauna se zarIra prApta hote haiN| yoga-mArgaNA ke aMtargata mana, vacana aura kAyayoga kI carcA kI gaI hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra ke yoga meM kauna-sA guNasthAna pAyA jAtA hai| ____ yoga-mArgaNA ke pazcAt veda-mArgaNA kI carcA kI gaI hai| jaina paramparA meM veda kA tAtparya strI, puruSa athavA napuMsaka kI kAma vAsanA se hai| vedamArgaNA kI carcA ke pazcAt kaSAya-mArgaNA kI carcA hai| isameM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha- ina cAra kaSAyoM meM pratyeka ke anantAnubaMdhI apratyAkhyAnIpratyAkhyAnI evaM saMjvalana aise cAra-cAra vibhAga kie gae haiM aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa guNasthAna meM kauna se prakAra ke kaSAya pAe jAte haiN| agrima jJAna-mArgaNA ke aMtargata pAMca prakAra ke jJAnoM kI carcA hai| isameM matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna aura manaHparyajJAna ke bheda-prabheda bhI batAe gae haiM tathA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kevalajJAna kA koI bheda nahIM hotA hai| Age isI prasaMga meM kauna se jJAna kisa guNasthAna meM pAe jAte haiM, isakA bhI saMkSipta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| ___ saMyama-mArgaNA ke aMtargata pAMca prakAra ke saMyamoM kI carcA kI gaI hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa guNasthAna meM kauna-sA saMyama pAyA jAtA hai| isI carcA ke prasaMga meM pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nigraMtha aura snAtaka aise pAMca prakAra ke zramaNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| darzana-mArgaNA ke aMtargata cAra prakAra ke darzanoM kA ullekha karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki kisa guNasthAna meM kitane darzana hote haiN| lezyA-mArgaNA ke aMtargata chaH lezyAoM kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| isI krama meM lezyA aura guNasthAna ke saha-sambaMdha ko bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki nArakIya jIvoM aura devatAoM meM kisa prakAra lezyA pAI jAtI hai, kiMtu yahAM hameM dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki nArakIya jIvoM aura devoM ke sambaMdha meM jo (47)

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lezyA kI kalpanA hai, vaha dravya-lezyA ko lekara hai, unameM bhAva-lezyA to chahoM hI sambhava ho sakatI hai| vastutaH, yahAM dravya-lezyA svabhAvagata vizeSatA kI sUcaka hai| bhavyatva mArgaNA ke aMtargata bhavya aura abhavya aise do prakAra ke jIvoM kA nirdeza hai| jaina darzana meM bhavya se tAtparya una AtmAoM se hai jo mokSa ko prApta karane meM samartha haiN| isake viparIta abhavya jIvoM meM mokSa ko prApta karane kI kSamatA kA abhAva hotA hai| guNasthAnoM kI apekSA se abhavya jIvoM meM mAtra mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna hotA hai, jabaki bhavya jIvoM meM caudaha hI guNasthAna sambhava haiN| ___ bhavyatva-mArgaNA ke pazcAt prastuta kRti meM samyaktva-mArgaNA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| samyaktva-mArgaNA ke aMtargata aupazamika, vedaka, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika aise cAra prakAra ke samyaktva kI carcA hai| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki kisa-kisa guNasthAna meM kisa prakAra kA samyaktva pAyA jAtA hai| saMjJI-mArgaNA ke aMtargata saMjJI aura asaMjJI- aise do prakAra ke jIvoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jinameM heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA viveka karane kI sAmarthya hotI hai, use saMjJI kahA jAtA hai| guNasthAnoM kI apekSA se yahAM yaha batAyA hai ki asaMjJI jIvoM meM mAtra mithyAtva guNasthAna hotA hai, jabaki saMjJI jIvoM meM sabhI guNasthAna sambhava hote haiN| ___ AhAra-mArgaNA ke aMtargata jIvoM ke do bheda kie gae haiM - (1) AhAraka, (2) anaahaark| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki punarjanma grahaNa karane hetu vigrahagati se gamana karane vAle jIva, kevalI-samudghAta karate samaya kevalI tathA ayogI kevalI aura siddha ye anAhAraka hote haiN| zeSa sabhI AhAraka hote haiN| isa prakAra jIvasamAsa ke isa prathama spadaprarUpaNA-dvAra meM caudaha mArgaNAoM kA caudaha guNasthAnoM se pArasparika sambaMdha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi gambhIratA se dekhane para yaha lagatA hai ki jIvasamAsa usa prArambhika sthiti kA graMtha hai, jaba mArgaNAoM aura guNasthAnoM ke saha-sambaMdha nirdhArita kie jA rahe the| jIvasamAsa kA dUsarA dvAra parimANadvAra hai, isa dvAra meM sarvaprathama parimANa ke dravyaparimANa, kSetra-parimANa, kAla-parimANa aura bhAva-parimANa ye cAra vibhAga kie gae haiN| punaH dravya-parimANa ke aMtargata mAna, unmAna, avamAna, ganima aura pratimAna- aise pAMca vibhAga kie gae haiM, jo vibhinna prakAra ke dravyoM (vastuoM) ke taulamApa se sambaMdhita haiM, kSetra-parimANa ke aMtargata aMgula, vitasti, kukSI, dhanuSa, gAU, zreNI Adi kSetra ko 48

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mApane ke paimAnoM kI carcA kI hai| isI krama meM aMgula kI carcA karate hue usake utsedhAMgula, pramANAMgula aura AtmAMgula aise tIna bheda kie haiN| punaH inake bhI pratyeka ke sUcyaMgala, pratarAMgula, dhanAMgula aise tIna-tIna bheda kie gae haiN| sUkSma kSetramApa ke aMtargata paramANu, urdhvareNU, trasareNU, rathareNU, bAlAgra, lIkha, jUM aura java kI carcA kI gaI hai aura batAyA gayA hai ki ATha javoM se eka aMgula banatA hai| punaH chaH aMgula se eka pAda, do pAda se eka vitasti tathA do vitasti kA eka hAtha hotA hai, 4 hAthoM kA eka dhanuSa hotA hai, 2000 hAtha yA 500 dhanuSa kA eka gAU (koza) hotA hai| punaH 4 gAU kA eka yojana hotA hai| kAla-parimANa kI carcA karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kAla kI sabase sUkSma ikAI samaya hai| asaMkhya samaya kI eka AvalikA hotI hai| saMkhyAta AvalikA kA eka zvAsocchvAsa arthAt prANa hotA hai| sAta prANoM kA eka stoka hotA hai| sAta stokoM kA eka lava hotA hai| sAr3he ar3atIsa lava kI eka nAlikA hotI hai| do nAlikAoM kA eka muhUrta hotA hai| tIsa muhUrta kA eka ahorAtra (divasa) hotA hai| paMdraha ahorAtra kA eka pakSa hotA hai| do pakSa kA eka mAsa hotA hai| do mAsa kI eka Rtu hotI hai| tIna RtuoM kA eka ayana hotA hai| do ayana kA eka varSa hotA hai| caurAsI lAkha varSoM kA eka pUrvAMga hotA hai| caurAsI lAkha varSoM ko caurAsI lAkha-lAkha varSoM se guNita karane para eka pUrva hotA hai| pUrva ke Age nayUtAMga, nayUta nalinAMga, nalina Adi kI carcA karate hue aMta meM zIrSa-prahelikA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isake Age kA kAla saMkhyA ke dvArA batAnA sambhava nahIM hone se use palyopama, sAgaropama Adi upamAnoM se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| jIvasamAsa meM palyopama, sAgaropama ke vividha prakAroM aura unake upamAoM ke dvArA mApane kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina darzana meM kAla ke paimAnoM kI ativistRta aura gambhIra carcA upalabdha hotI hai| dravya-parimANa nAmaka isa dvAra ke aMta meM bhAva-parimANa kI carcA hai| isameM saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta ke bheda-prabhedoM kA atyaMta hI sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhAva-parimANa kI isa carcA ke aMta meM jIvasamAsa meM pratyakSa aura parokSa aise do pramANoM kI carcA huI hai| isameM iMdriya pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama aise cAra pramANoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| iMdriya pratyakSa, anumAna aura upamAna ko matijJAna ke aMtargata tathA Agama ko zrutajJAna ke aMtargata vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| Age naya pramANa kI carcA karate hue mUla graMtha meM mAtra naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra,

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RjusUtra aura zabda aise pAMca nayoM kA ullekha huA hai| isI krama meM isa dravya-parimANa-dvAra ke aMtargata vibhinna guNasthAnoM meM aura vibhinna mArgaNAoM meM jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA parimANa batalAyA gayA hai| jIvasamAsa meM prathama satprarUpaNAdvAra kI carcA lagabhaga 85 gAthAoM meM kI gaI hai, vahIM dUsare dravya-parimANadvAra kI carcA bhI lagabhaga 82 gAthAoM meM pUrNa hotI hai| usake bAda kSetra-dvAra Adi zeSa chaHdvAroM kI carcA atyaMta saMkSipta rUpa meM kI gaI hai| tIsare kSetra-dvAra meM sarvaprathama AkAza ko kSetra kahA gayA hai aura zeSa jIva, pudgala, dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura kAla ko kSetrIya arthAt usameM rahane vAlA batAyA gayA hai| isa dvAra ke aMtargata sarvaprathama cAroM gati ke jIvoM ke dehamAna kI carcA kI gaI hai| prastuta kRti meM dehamAna kI yaha carcA paryApta vistAra ke sAtha upalabdha hotI hai| yaha batAyA gayA haiM ki kisa guNasthAnavI jIva loka ke kitane bhAga meM hote haiN| mithyAdRSTi jIva sampUrNa loka meM pAe jAte haiM, zeSa guNasthAnavI jIva loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM hote haiM, yadyapi kevalI samudghAta karate samaya sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hote haiN| isa carcA ke pazcAt isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sUkSma ekendriya aura aparyApta bAdara jIva sarvaloka meM hote haiM, zeSa jIvaloka ke bhAga vizeSa meM hote haiN| yahAM vAyukAyika jIvoM ko sva-sthAna kI apekSA se to loka ke bhAga vizeSa meM hI mAnA gayA hai, kiMtu upapAta athavA samudghAta kI apekSA se ve bhI sarvaloka meM hote haiN| jIva svasthAna, samudghAta tathA upapAta kI apekSA se jisa sthAna vizeSa meM rahatA hai, vaha kSetra kahalAtA hai, kiMtu bhUtakAla meM jisa kSetra meM vaha rahA thA, use sparzanA kahate haiN| sparzanA kI carcA agrimadvAra meM kI gaI hai| kSetradvAra ke aMta meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki AkAza ko chor3akara zeSa pAMcoM dravya loka meM hote haiM, jabaki AkAza loka aura aloka donoM meM hotA hai| caturtha sparzanAdvAra ke aMtargata sarvaprathama loka ke svarUpa evaM AkAra kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isI krama meM urdhvaloka, adholoka aura tiryakloka kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tiryakloka ke aMtargata jambUdvIpa aura meruparvata kA svarUpa spaSTa kiyA gayA hai aura usake pazcAt dviguNa-dviguNa vistAra vAle lavaNa samudra, dhAtakIkhaNDa, kAlodadhi samudra, puSkaradvIpa aura usake madhyavartI mAnuSottara parvata kI carcA hai| isI carcA ke aMtargata yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki manuSya mAnuSottara parvata taka hI nivAsa karate haiM, yadyapi isake Age bhI dviguNita-dviguNita vistAra vAle asaMkhya dvIpa-samudga haiN| sabake aMta meM (50)

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svasambhUramaNa samudra hai| isa dvAra ke aMta meM nimna sAta samudghAtoM kI carcA kI gaI hai (1) vedanAsamudghAta, (2) kaSAya samudghAta, (3) mArANAntika samudghAta, (4) vaikriya samudghAta, (5) tejas samudghAta, (6) AhAraka samudghAta aura (7) kevalI smudghaat| samudghAta kA tAtparya Atma-pradezoM ko zarIra se bAhara nikAlakara loka meM prasArita kara vibhinna karmoM kI nirjarA karanA hai| isI krama meM Age yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kina jIvoM meM kitane samudghAta sambhava hote haiN| isake pazcAt isa sparzana nAmaka dvAra meM vibhinna guNasthAnavartI jIva loka ke kitane bhAga kI sparzanA karate haiM, yaha batAyA gayA hai| aMta meM cAroM gati ke jIva loka ke kitane-kitane bhAga kA sparza karate haiM, isakI carcA kI gaI hai| pAMcaveM kAla-dvAra ke aMtargata tIna prakAra ke kAloM kI carcA kI gaI hai- (1) bhavAyu kAla, (2) kAyasthiti kAla, (3) guNavibhAga kAla aura isameM kAla ke aMtargata cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM kI adhikatama aura nyUnatama Ayu kitanI hotI hai, isakI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| yaha carcA do prakAra se kI gaI hai| jIva vizeSa kI apekSA se aura unauna gati ke jIvoM ke sarvajIvoM kI apekSA se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki aparyApta manuSyoM ko chor3akara nAraka, tiryaMca, devatA aura paryApta manuSya sabhI kAloM meM hote haiN| isa carcA ke pazcAt prastuta dvAra meM kAyasthiti kI carcA kI gaI hai| kisI jIva vizeSa kA punaH punaH niraMtara usI kAya meM janma lenA kAyasthiti hai| isa apekSA se deva aura nAraka punaH usI kAya meM janma nahIM lete haiN| ataH unakI kAyasthiti ekabhavaparyaMta hI hotI hai| paMcendriya tiryaMca ko chor3akara zeSa tiryaMca jIvoM kI kAyasthiti bhava kI apekSA se anantabhava aura kAla kI apekSA se anantakAla taka mAnI gaI hai| jahAM taka manuSya aura paMcendriya tiryaMca kA prazna hai, unakI sthiti sAta-ATha bhava taka hotI hai| kAla kI apekSA se yaha kAyasthiti tIna palyopama aura nau karor3a pUrva varSa kI ho sakatI hai| kAyasthiti kI carcA ke bAda kAla-dvAra meM guNavibhAga kAla kI carcA hai| isameM vibhinna guNasthAnoM ke jaghanya aura utkRSTa kAla kI sImA batAI gaI hai| isI krama meM samyaktva, strIveda, puruSaveda, lezyA evaM mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM kI kAla maryAdA kI carcA bhI prastuta dvAra meM milatI hai| - isI krama meM cakSudarzana aura acakSudarzana ke kAla maryAdA kI carcA karate hue cakSudarzana kA kAla do hajAra sAgaropama aura acakSudarzana kA kAla anAdi-anaMta,

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anAdi-sAnta aisA tIna prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| yadyapi Agama meM usake prathama do prakAroM kA hI nirdeza milatA hai| isake pazcAt isa dvAra meM bhavyatva-abhavyatva Adi kI apekSA se bhI utkRSTa kAla kI carcA huI hai| dvAra ke aMta meM vibhinna mArgaNAoM aura guNasthAnoM kI apekSA se utkRSTa-jaghanya kAla kI carcA bhI vistArapUrvaka kI gaI hai| aMta meM ajIva dravya ke kAla kI carcA karate hue dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya ko anAdi-ananta meM batAyA hai| kAla sAmAnya dRSTi se to anAdiananta hai, kiMtu vizeSa rUpa se use bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya- aise tIna vibhAgoM meM bAMTA jAtA hai| pudgala dravya meM paramANu skaMdhoM kA jaghanyakAla eka samaya aura utkRSTa kAla asaMkhyAta avasarpiNI-utsarpiNI paryanta batAyA hai| chaThA antaradvAra-jIva jisa gati athavA paryAya ko chor3akara anya kisI gati yA paryAya ko prApta huA ho, vaha jaba taka punaH usI gati yA paryAya ko prApta na kara sake, taba taka kA kAla aMtarakAla kahA jAtA hai| prastuta dvAra ke aMtargata sarvaprathama cAra gatiyoM ke jIvoM meM kauna, kahAM, kisa gati meM janma le sakatA hai, isakI carcA kI gii| usake pazcAt ekendriya, trasakAya evaM siddhoM ke sAmAnya apekSA se niraMtara utpatti aura aMtarAla ke kAla kI carcA kI gaI hai| tatpazcAt siddhoM kI niraMtaratA aura aMtarAla kI carcA karate hue cAroM gatiyoM, pAMcoM iMdriyoM, SaT jIvanikAyoM Adi kI apekSA se bhI aMtarakAla kI carcA kI gaI hai| sAtaveM bhAva-dvAra ke aMtargata sarvaprathama aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, audayika, pAriNAmika evaM sannipAtika aise cha: bhAgoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| usake pazcAt ATha karmoM kI apekSA se vibhinna bhAvoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki mohanIya-karma meM cAra bhAva hote haiM, zeSa tIna ghAtI karmoM meM audayika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika aise tIna bhAva hote haiN| zeSa aghAtI karmoM meM mAtra audayika bhAva hote haiN| pAriNAmika bhAva to jIva kA svabhAva hai| ataH vaha sabhI avasthAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ajIva dravyoM meM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura kAla meM pAriNAmika bhAva hai, kiMtu yahAM pAriNAmika bhAva kA tAtparya pariNamana hI samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki bhAva to cetanAgata avasthA hai| pudgala meM pAriNAmika aura audayika donoM bhAva hote haiM, kyoMki pudgala karmavargaNA ke rUpa meM udaya meM bhI Ate haiN| AThaveM alpabahutva-dvAra meM sarvaprathama cAroM gatiyoM evaM siddhoM kI apekSA se

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alpabahutva kI carcA huI hai, usameM batAyA gayA hai ki sabase alpa manuSya hai, manuSyoM se asaMkhyAta guNA adhika devatA haiM, devoM se asaMkhyAta guNA adhika siddha yA mukta AtmA hai aura siddhoM se anaMta guNA adhika tiryaMca haiN| strI-puruSa se alpabahutva ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki mAnava strI sabase kama hai, unakI apekSA puruSa adhika hai, puruSoM se adhika nArakIya jIva haiM, unase asaMkhyAta guNA adhika paMcendriya tiriyaMciNi haiM, unase asaMkhyAta guNA adhika deviyAM haiN| isI krama meM Age vibhinna narakoM kI pArasparika apekSA se aura deva gati meM vibhinna devoM kI apekSA se alpabahutva kA vicAra huA hai| isI krama meM Age vibhinna kAryoM kI apekSA se alpabahutva kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| aMta meM vibhinna guNasthAnoM kI apekSA se bhI alpabahutva kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra isa dvAra meM vibhinna mArgaNAoM kI apekSA se alpabahutva kA vicAra huA hai| aMta meM ajIva dravyoM aura unake pradezoM ke alpabahutva kA vicAra karate hue prastuta kRti samApta hotI hai, aMtima do gAthAoM meM jIvasamAsa kA AdhAra dRSTivAda ko batalAte hue jIvasamAsa ke adhyayana ke phala ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo isakA adhyayana karatA hai usakI mati vipula hotI hai tathA vaha dRSTivAda ke vAstavika artha kA jJAtA ho jAtA hai| - isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jIvasamAsa kA varNya-viSaya vividha AyAmoM vAlA hai| usameM jaina, khagola, bhUgola, sRSTi-vijJAna ke sAtha-sAtha usa yuga meM pracalita vividha prakAra ke taula-mApa, jIvoM kI vibhinna prajAtiyAM Adi kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| guNasthAna siddhAMta ko AdhAra banAkara ATha anuyogadvAroM ke mAdhyama se usakI vyAkhyA karane vAlA zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha prathama graMtha hai| isakI prAcInatA aura mahattA ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| isa para sarvaprathama maladhAra-gacchIya zrI hemacaMdrasUri kI vRtti hai| yaha mUlagraMtha sarvaprathama RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthAna, ratalAma ke dvArA I.san 1928 meM prakAzita huA thaa| isake bhI pUrva hemacaMdrasUri kI vRtti ke sAtha yaha graMtha Agamodaya samiti bambaI dvArA I.san 1927 meM mudrita kiyA gayA thaa| jinaratnakoSa se hameM yaha bhI sUcanA milatI hai ki isa para maladhAragacchIya hemacaMdrasUri kI vRtti ke atirikta zIlAMkAcArya kI eka TIkA bhI upalabdha hotI hai, jo abhI taka aprakAzita hai| yadyapi isakI pratiyAM bar3audA Adi vibhinna jJAna bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha hotI haiN| isI prakAra isakI eka anya TIkA bRhadvRtti ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai, jo maladhAragacchIya hemacaMdrasUri ke ziSya abhayadevasUri ke dvArA vikrama saMvat 1164 tadanusAra I.san 1107 meM likhI gaI thii|

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isa prakAra yadyapi mUlagraMtha aura usakI saMskRta TIkA upalabdha thI, kiMtu prAkRta aura saMskRta se anabhijJa vyaktiyoM ke lie isake hArda ko samajha pAnA kaThina thaa| isakA prathama gujarAtI anuvAda jo maladhAragacchIya hemacaMdrasUri kI TIkA para AdhArita hai, muni zrI amitayaza vijaya jI mahArAja ne kiyA, jo jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa, bambaI ke dvArA I. san 1985 meM prakAzita huaa| phira bhI hindI bhASA-bhASI janatA ke lie isa mahAn graMtha kA upayoga kara pAnA anuvAda ke abhAva meM kaThina hI thaa| I.san 1995 meM kharataragacchIyA mahattarA adhyAtmayoginI pujyAzrI vicakSaNazrI jI ma.sA. kI suziSyA evaM sAdhvIvaryA marudharajyoti pUjyA maNiprabhAzrI jI kI nezrAyavartinI sAdhvI zrI vidyutaprabhAzrIjI, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM apanI guru bhaginiyoM ke sAtha adhyayanArtha padhArI, unase maiMne isa graMtha ke anuvAda ke lie nivedana kiyA, jise unhoMne na kevala svIkAra kiyA, apitu kaThina parizrama karake alpAvadhi meM hI isakA anuvAda sampanna kiyaa| usake sampAdana aura saMzodhana meM merI vyastatA evaM svAsthya sambaMdhI kAraNoM se apekSA se kucha adhika hI samaya lagA, kiMtu Aja yaha graMtha mudrita hokara lokArpita hone jA rahA hai, yaha atiprasannatA aura saMtoSa kA viSaya hai| sampAdana evaM bhUmikA lekhana meM hue vilamba ke lie maiM sAdhvIzrI jI evaM pAThakoM se kSamAprArthI huuN| vasudevahiNDI kI bhUmikA (I.san kI 5vIM 6TIM zatI) AdhyAtmika evaM dhArmika jIvana mUlyoM ko AtmasAta karane hetu preraNA dene ke lie kathAoM aura rUpakoM kA eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| vastutaH, kathA paramparA kA pracalana mAnava evaM saMskRti ke udbhava aura vikAsa ke prArambhika yuga se hI rahA hai| kathAeM eka aisA mAdhyama haiM, jo rocaka DhaMga se vyakti ke bhAva jagat meM parivartana lAtI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki nivRtti pradhAna zramaNa saMsthA meM bhI kathAoM aura rUpakoM kA mahattva prAcInakAla se hI rahA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA upadiSTa rUpaka kathAoM kA eka mahattvapUrNa saMkalana upalabdha hotA hai| kathAoM kI apanI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki ve

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ghaTanAoM kA eka aisA jIvanta dRzya upasthita karatI haiM jisakA janasAmAnya bhI AsvAdana kara letA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki nivRttimArgI zramaNa paramparA meM bhI prAcInakAla se kathA sAhitya kA sRjana hotA rahA hai| jaina paramparA ne apane Agama sAhitya ko jina cAra bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA usameM dharmakathAnuyoga kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isake mUlya aura mahattva ko dekhate hue hI ise prathamAnuyoga ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| Agama sAhitya meM saMkalita kathAoM ke atirikta jaina AcAryoM ne svataMtra rUpa se bhI kathA sAhitya kI sarjanA kI hai| ina kathAoM meM vimalasUrikRta 'paumacariyaM' tathA saMghadAsagaNi kI vasudevahiNDI prAcInatam haiM, jahAM vimalasUri kA paumacariyaM jaina rAmakathA ko prastuta karatA hai, vahAM vasudevahiNDI meM kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ke yAtrA vRtAnta kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki vasudevahiNDI mukhyataH eka zrRMgArasa pradhAna kathA graMtha hai| ataH svAbhAvika rUpa se prazna uThanA cAhie ki nivRtti pradhAna jaina AcAryoM ne zrRMgArapradhAna kathAeM kyoM likhI ? vastutaH, jaina AcAryoM kA mukhya uddezya to janasAdhAraNa meM tyAga aura vairAgya kI bhAvanAoM ko jagAnA hI thA, kiMtu isa prakAra ke nIrasa pravacanoM meM janasAdhAraNa kI abhiruci nahIM bana pAtI thii| ataH unhoMne janasAdhAraNa ko dharma mArga meM AkarSita karane ke lie apanI dharmakathAoM meM zrRMgArarasa se paripUrNa premAkhyAnoM ko samAhita karake sAhitya sarjanA prArambha kI, jisa prakAra koI vaidya apanI kar3avI davAI ko gur3a meM rakhakara rogI ko isa prakAra detA hai ki vaha prasannatApUrvaka grahaNa kara letA hai| isI prakAra dharmAcAryoM ko bhI kAma kathA meM rata janasAmAnya ke manoraMjana ke lie zrRMgAra kathA ke mAdhyama se dharma kathA sunAnI caahie| vasudevahiNDI ke sahayogI lekhaka dharmasenagaNi ne bhI svayaM isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina AcAryoM kA mukhya uddezya to janasAmAnya ke tyAga aura vairAgya kI bhAvanAoM ko utprerita karanA hI rahA, kiMtu unheM zrRMgAra pradhAna kathAoM ke mAdhyama se vairAgya kA upadeza denA adhika upayogI lgaa| vasudevahiNDI kI racanA bhI isI dRSTikoNa ko rakhakara kI gaI thii| .. vasudevahiNDI eka bRhatkAya graMtha hai aura abhI taka sampUrNa graMtha na to upalabdha ho sakA hai aura na hI prakAzita huA hai| isake prathama khaNDa meM 29 lambaka haiM jo 11,000 zlokoM meM nibaddha haiN| madhyama khaNDa meM 71 lambaka haiM, jo 17,000 zlokoM meM pUrNa hue haiN| DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra jaina kI mAnyatA hai ki yaha paizAcI prAkRta meM likhita guNADhya kI bRhatkathA para AdhArita hai| vasudevahiNDI ke prathama khaNDa ke lekhaka saMghadAsagaNi

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haiN| isakA dUsarA khaNDa jo madhyamakhaNDa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, vaha dharmasenagaNi ke dvArA racita hai| AvazyakacUrNi meM vasudevahiNDI kA ullekha milatA hai| AvazyakacUrNi kA racanAkAla I.san 600 ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai, ataH spaSTa hai ki isake pUrva isa graMtha kI racanA ho cukI thii| kucha vidvAnoM ne vasudevahiNDI ke prathama khaNDa ke racanAkAra saMghadAsagaNi kA samaya IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI nizcita kiyA hai| graMtha kI bhASA aura viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se bhI yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki prastuta kRti cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI kI hai| isa prakAra vimalasUri ke 'paumacariyaM' ke pazcAt likhita kathAoM meM vasudevahiNDI kA sthAna sarvopari hai| prastuta kathA meM prasaMgavaza rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata donoM ke kathAsUtra nibaddha kara lie gae haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM prAcIna bhAratIya kathAoM ke aneka prAcIna kathAsUtra isa graMtha meM upalabdha ho jAte haiN| isake sAtha hI prAcIna bhAratIya samAja aura saMskRti ke tathyoM kA bhI isa graMtha meM suMdara aura sajIva citraNa pAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra jaina ne isa graMtha kI bhUmikA meM graMtha aura usakI viSayavastu . kA vistRta paricaya diyA hai, kiMtu aneka kAraNoM se prastuta graMtha kA sAMskRtika adhyayana nahIM pAyA ho pAyA thaa| usakA prathama kAraNa to yaha thA ki prastuta graMtha ArSa prAkRta meM nibaddha thaa| yadyapi san 1942 meM bhAI bhogIlAla jayacaMdra ne isakA gujarAtI anuvAda kiyA thA, kiMtu anuvAda upalabdha na hone se koI bhI vidvAn sAMskRtika aura sAmAjika adhyayana kI dizA meM Age nahIM bar3ha pA rahA thaa| . ___ maiMne DaoN. (zrImatI) kamala jaina ko isake lie prerita kiyA, kyoMki isake pUrva ve 'jaina AgamoM meM Arthika jIvana' aura 'haribhadra ke sAhitya meM samAja aura saMskRti' aise do graMtha pUrNa kara cukI thiiN| yadyapi apane ina pUrva adhyayanoM ke nimitta unhoMne prAkRta bhASA kA adhyayana bhI kiyA thA, kiMtu ve sAhasa nahIM kara pA rahI thiiN| saMyoga se una dinoM DaoN. zrI raMjanasUrideva kA vasudevahiNDI ke prathama khaNDa kA anuvAda hameM upalabdha huA aura unhoMne isa dizA meM kArya karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| vastutaH, kisI graMtha kA sAMskRtika aura sAmAjika adhyayana karanA isalie eka kaThina kArya hotA hai, kyoMki usameM sarvaprathama to sampUrNa graMtha kA Alor3ana karake vibhinna viSayoM ko nikAlanA hotA hai aura phira unheM susambaddha rUpa se prastuta karanA hotA hai| prastuta kRti meM lekhikA ne prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM vasudevahiNDI ke sthAna ko nirdhArita karate hue usake lekhaka saMghadAsagaNi aura dharmasenagaNi kA paricaya diyA hai| yadyapi lekhakoM ke saMdarbha meM vizeSa sUcanAeM anupalabdha na hone se inake janma sthAna, mAtA, pitA,

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kula, jAti Adi kA viziSTa paricaya denA sambhava nahIM huA hai| abhI bhI yaha eka vivAdAspada prazna banA huA hai ki prathama khaNDa ke racanAkAra saMghadAsagaNi kyA vyavahArabhASya ke racanAkAra saMghadAsagaNi hI haiM yA anya koI dUsare saMghadAsagaNi haiM, kyoMki isake AdhAra para hI graMtha kA kAla nirNaya sunizcita honA sambhava hai| itanA to nizcita hai ki graMtha IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI se astitva meM A gayA thaa| ___ apanI isa kRti ke dUsare adhyAya meM lekhikA ne isa graMtha kA sAhityika dRSTi se mUlyAMkana kiyA hai aura batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki isa graMtha para anya graMthoM kA aura anya graMthoM kA isa graMtha para kisa prakAra prabhAva par3A hai| sarvaprathama to hama yaha dekhate haiM ki vasudevahiNDI meM yadyapi rAma, kRSNa, pradyumna tathA mahAbhArata ke kathA prasaMga samAhita haiM, kiMtu sItA ko rAvaNa kI putrI ke rUpa meM prastuta karane kI kathA vasudevahiNDI ke lekhaka kI apanI viziSTa avadhAraNA hai| yaha kahanA to kaThina hai ki unhoMne isa avadhAraNA ko kahAM se gRhIta kiyA thA, kiMtu yaha avadhAraNA vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM se bhinna hai aura Age digambara paramparA ke mahApurANa meM isakA nirvahana kiyA gayA hai| jabaki vimalasUri, digambara AcArya ravisena Adi yApanIya svayaMbhU ne dUsarI hI paramparA ko grahaNa kiyA hai| jaina paramparA meM rAma kathA ke jo do rUpa pracalita haiM, unameM eka kA AdhAra vimalasUri kA paumacariyaM tathA dUsare kA AdhAra vasudevahiNDI kI rAmakathA hI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM vasudevahiNDI meM pUrva paramparA se aneka kathAnakoM ko lekara unheM jaina paramparA kA puTa dekara AMzika rUpa se navIna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| prastuta kRti meM lekhikA ne dvitIya adhyAya meM aise aneka kathAnakoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karake yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki hindU dharma meM pracalita aneka kathAnakoM ko grahaNa karake unheM vasudevahiNDI ke kathAnakoM meM mor3ane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaise rAmAyaNa meM sItA mRga zAvaka ke lie haTha karatI hai aura usI ke kAraNa haraNa ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra vasudevahiNDI meM bhI nIlayazA mayUra zAvaka ko dekhakara use lene kA haTha karatI hai| vasudeva mayUra zAvaka ko lene jAtA hai aura isI bIca nIlayazA kA haraNa ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jyortivana meM citrita mRga ko dekhakara rAnI sutArA kA usake prati AkRSTa honA, use lene ke lie Agraha karanA, rAjA dvArA use lene ke lie maga kA pIchA karanA, mAyAvI maga kA ur3a jAnA aura rAnI kA apaharaNa ho jAnA, sItA haraNa kI ghaTanA se kAphI sAmya rakhate haiN| aneka paurANika kathAoM ko bhI vasudevahiNDI meM apane DhaMga se jaina paramparA kA puTa dekara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke

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rUpa meM gaMgA avataraNa kI kathA ko le sakate haiN| rAjA sagara ke 60,000 putroM ke dvArA aSTApada para bane jaina maMdira kI rakSA ke lie usake cAroM ora khAI khodanA, pAnI kA nAgaloka meM calA jAnA, krodhita nAga kA sagara putroM ko bhasma kara denA, bhagIratha kI pUjA-arcanA karake gaMgA kA mArga samudragAmI banA denA Adi kathA prasaMga kiMcita rUpa se parivartana karake samAhita kara lie gae haiN| isI prakAra aneka aise kathAnaka haiM jo abhijJAnazAkuntalam, mahAbhArata aura anya paurANika AkhyAnoM se samAnatA rakhate haiN| . vastutaH, vasudevahiNDI prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya kA upajIvya hai| vasudevahiNDI meM Ae cArudatta aura gaNikA kA kathAnaka mRcchakaTika ke cArudatta aura vasaMtasenA ke kathAnakoM se sAmya rakhatA hai| yaha kathAnaka haribhadra ke samarAiccakahA, jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa, udyotanasUri kI kuvalayamAlA meM bhI AyA hai| vakkalacIri aura kokkAsa bar3haI kI kathA AvazyakacUrNi meM upalabdha hotI hai| harisena ke bRhatkathA kI aneka kathAeM aura rUpaka vasudevahiNDI se lie gae haiN| isase prastuta graMtha kA jaina paramparA meM kyA sthAna hai, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| isameM vairAgya kA upadeza dene ke lie madhubiMdu kA dRSTAMta, garbhavAsa ke duHkha ke prasaMga meM lalitAMga kA dRSTAMta, sAMsArika bhogoM kI duHkhamayatA ke prasaMga meM kauve aura hAthI kA dRSTAMta, mithyAvAdiyoM ke prasaMga meM bhaiMse kA dRSTAMta Adi aise dRSTAMta haiM, jo saMghadAsagaNi kI vairAgyavAdI dRSTi ko prastuta karate haiN| janasAdhAraNa ko bodha dene ke lie AcAryoM ne aneka laukika AkhyAnoM ko apanI racanA meM sthAna diyA hai| vastutaH, prastuta kRti meM paurANika kathAoM, laukika kathAoM ko avAntara kathAoM ke rUpa meM samAhita karake eka vyApaka AdhAra pradAna kiyA gayA hai| kathA meM zrRMgAra kA puTa hote hue bhI usakA avasAna vairAgya meM hai| AcArya ne gaNikA jaise caritroM ko bhI kulIna nAriyoM kI taraha sammAnajanaka banA diyA hai| gaNikA kuberasenA sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI sevA meM tatpara rahatI hai to gaNikA kAmapatAkA zrAvikA ke vrata grahaNa kara jaina dharma kI upAsanA karatI hai| isa prakAra vasudevahiNDI ke aneka kathAnaka samAja meM ucca AdarzoM ko prastuta karate haiN| prastuta kRti ke dvitIya adhyAya meM graMtha kA sAhityika mUlyAMkana bhI kiyA gayA hai aura usameM Ae hue zubhASitoM ko eka hI sthAna para saMgRhIta kara diyA gayA hai| prastuta kRti ke tRtIya adhyAya meM vasudevahiNDI meM varNita sAmAjika evaM dhArmika sthitiyoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM sarvaprathama cAroM vargoM kI jo vyavasthA samAja meM pracalita thI, (58)

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usakA citraNa kiyA gayA hai, kiMtu isake sAtha hI sAtha jahAM AcArya ne eka ora zUdroM para hone vAle atyAcAroM kI carcA kI, vahIM unake dvArA vedAdhyayana karane tathA jina dharma ke pAlana kA citraNa bhI prastuta kiyA aura isa prakAra zUdroM ko apane guNa aura sAdhanA ke AdhAra para samakakSatA pradAna kii| isI prasaMga meM vidyAdharoM aura vanya jAtiyoM kA bhI citraNa kiyA gayA hai| vasudevahiNDI se yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki usa yuga taka vyavasthA, kaThora nahIM thii| antarjAtIya vivAha pracalita the| vasudevahiNDI kI patniyAM, brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra Adi sabhI vargoM se thiiN| madhyama khaNDa meM to mAtaMga (cAMDAla) cilAta kanyAoM se bhI vivAha karane ke ullekha haiN| prastuta kRti meM varNavyavasthA ke sAtha-sAtha Azrama vyavasthA kA bhI citraNa milatA hai aura yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM RSigaNa bhI vivAha karate the, kiMtu inake atirikta zramaNoM kI bhI eka paramparA thI, jo paMcamahAvrata kA pAlana karatI thii| lekhikA ne isI adhyAya meM samAja meM pracalita vibhinna saMskAroM kI bhI carcA kI hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM brAhmaNa paramparA meM mAnya vibhinna saMskAra jaina paramparA meM bhI gRhIta ho gae the| isI adhyAya meM nArI kI sAmAjika sthiti para vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| yadyapi isa prasaMga meM nArI ke udAtta aura anudAtta donoM hI pakSoM kA citraNa vasudevahiNDI meM huA hai| tRtIya adhyAya kA, dvitIya vibhAga usa kAla meM pracalita dhArmika mAnyatAoM kA citraNa karatA hai| vasudevahiNDI ke dhArmika paramparAoM ke citraNa se yaha spaSTa lagatA hai ki usa yuga meM jaina paramparA meM taMtra kA prabhAva AnA prArambha ho gayA thaa| vasudevahiNDI meM taMtra aura maMtra vidyAoM kA pravartana RSabhadeva se mAnA gayA hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM bhI vidyAoM kI prApti ke lie anuSThAna kie jAne lage the| vasudevahiNDI meM vibhinna vidyAoM aura unake siddha karane ke upAyoM kI carcA bhI milatI hai| isase yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki jaina dharma jaise nivRttiparaka dharma bhI tAMtrika sAdhanA ke Agoza meM samA gae the| . vasudevahiNDI ke caturtha adhyAya meM bhaugolika, Arthika evaM rAjanaitika sthitiyoM ke ullekha haiN| isameM vibhinna janapadoM ke ullekha ke sAtha-sAtha vahAM ke parvatoM aura nadiyoM ke bhI ullekha haiN| ina ullekhoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya bhAratIya vyApArI cIna, svarNadIpa (sumAtrA), yavadvIpa (jAvA), siMhala dvIpa (laMkA), barabara, bebIloniyAM aura

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yavana deza taka kI yAtrAeM karate the| parvatoM aura nadiyoM ke jo ullekha vasudevahiNDI meM milate haiM, unase eka bRhattara bhArata kA citra ubharakara sAmane AtA hai| rAjanaitika carcAoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM rAjataMtra kA bolabAlA thA, phira bhI samAja meM nikAya aura paMcAyata vyavasthAeM pracalita thiiN| isa prakAra ucca stara para rAjataMtra aura nimna stara para prajAtaMtra donoM kA samanvaya dekhA jAtA hai| jahAM taka Arthika sthiti kA prazna hai, usa samaya bhArata sampanna aura samRddha deza thaa| kRSi, udyoga aura videzI vyavasAya sabhI apanI unnati ke zikhara para the| vasudevahiNDI meM isa Arthika suvyavasthA aura sampannatA kA citraNa hameM vistAra se upalabdha ho jAtA hai| vasudevahiNDI meM rAjyoM ke bIca AMtarika virodha aura yuddhoM kI carcA milatI hai| apanI surakSA ke lie yuddha karanA ahiMsAvAdI jaina paramparA ko bhI mAnya thA, phira bhI AcArya saMghadAsagaNi kA spaSTa nirdeza thA ki yuddha kSetra meM utarane ke pUrva rAjA ko apanI zakti kA anumAna kara lenA caahie| madhyama khaNDa meM dharmasenagaNi bhI kahate haiM ki yuddha ke pariNAmoM kA vicAra karake hI yuddha meM pravRtta honA caahie| yuddha ke pramukha kAraNoM kI carcA karate hue vasudevahiNDI meM strI aura bhUmi ko yuddha kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| daNDa vyavasthA ke saMdarbha meM saMghadAsagaNi eka sApekSika nyAya vyavasthA kA samarthana karate haiN| unake anusAra uttama puruSa saMketa mAtra se aparAdhaM karma se vimukha ho jAte haiM, jabaki madhyama puruSa manA karane para ruka jAte haiM, lekina nikRSTa puruSa to binA kaThora daNDa ke apanA aparAdha karma nahIM chor3ate haiN| . vasudevahiNDI meM usa yuga meM pracalita khAna-pAna, vastra, AbhUSaNa, keza-vinyAsa Adi kA bhI vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai, jisakA vidvAn lekhikA ne vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| isI prakAra usa yuga meM manoraMjana ke vibhinna sAdhanoM aura kalAoM, vAdya yaMtroM Adi ke saMketa bhI vasudevahiNDI meM upalabdha hote haiN| Ayurveda sambaMdhI bhI aneka sUcanAeM isa graMtha meM upalabdha hotI haiN| usameM sabase manoraMjaka sUcanA yaha hai ki zalyakriyA ke dvArA yauna parivartana kie jAte the| vasudevahiNDI prathama aura madhyama donoM hI khaNDoM meM isakA ullekha huA hai| maMtroM aura guTikAoM ke bhI ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, jisake mAdhyama se rUpa aura vANI meM parivartana ho jAtA thaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vasudevahiNDI na kevala kathAoM kI apekSA se, apitu sAMskRtika aura sAmAjika sUcanAoM kI dRSTi se bhI eka Akara graMtha hai|

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DaoN. (zrImatI) kamala jaina ne isa Akara graMtha kA Alor3ana karake usameM sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika sUcanAeM saMgRhIta kI haiM aura unheM eka vyavasthita rUpa diyA hai| jIvana ke uttarArdha meM apane pArivArika dAyitvoM kA nirvAha karate hue unhoMne apane ko vidyA kI upAsanA meM saMlagna karake rakhA hai, yaha nizcita hI dUsaroM ke lie preraNAdAyaka aura anukaraNIya hai| yadi vidvatvarga aise achUte graMthoM ko apane adhyayana kA viSaya banAkara unake nicor3a ko janasAdhAraNa ke sammukha prastuta karegA to nizcaya hI prAkRta vidyA ke kSetra meM unake avadAna ko sadaiva smaraNa kiyA jA skegaa| aMta meM maiM DaoN. (zrImatI) kamala jaina ke svastha aura maMgalamaya jIvana kI kAmanA karate hue yahI apekSA karatA hUM ki ve jaina vidyA ke kSetra meM niraMtara jur3I raheM aura apanI graMtha racanA ke mAdhyama se bhAratI kA bhaNDAra samRddha karatI rheN| paumacariyaM kI bhUmikA (I.san kI 2-3rI zatI) rAmakathA kI vyApakatA - rAma aura kRSNa bhAratIya saMskRti ke prANa-puruSa rahe haiN| unake jIvana AdarzoM evaM upadezoM ne bhAratIya saMskRti ko paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai| bhArata evaM bhArata ke pUrvI nikaTavartI dezoM meM Aja bhI rAma-kathA ke maMcana kI paramparA jIvita hai| hindU, jaina aura bauddha dharma paramparA meM rAma-kathA sambaMdhI pracura ullekha pAe jAte haiN| rAma-kathA sambaMdhI graMthoM meM vAlmikI rAmAyaNa prAcInatama graMtha hai| yaha graMtha hindU paramparA meM pracalita rAma-kathA kA AdhAra graMtha hai| isake atirikta saMskRta meM racita padmapurANa aura hindI meM racita rAmacaritamAnasa bhI rAma-kathA sambaMdhI pradhAna graMtha hai, jinhoMne hindU jana-jIvana ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| jaina paramparA meM rAmakathA sambaMdhI graMthoM meM prAkRta bhASA meM racita A. vimalasUri kA 'paumacariya' eka prAcInatama pramukha graMtha hai| lekhakIya prazasti ke anusAra yaha I.san kI prathama zatI ke racanA hai| vAlmikI kI rAmAyaNa ke pazcAt rAmakathA sambaMdhI graMthoM meM yahI prAcInatama graMtha haiN| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM hindI meM racita rAmakathA sambaMdhI (61)

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graMtha isake paravartI hI haiN| yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, kannar3a evaM hindI meM jainoM kA rAmakathA sambaMdhI sAhitya vipula mAtrA meM hai, jisakI carcA hama Age vistAra se kreNge| bauddha paramparA meM rAmakathA mukhyataH jAtaka kathAoM meM varNita hai| jAtaka kathAeM mukhyataH bodhisatva ke rUpa meM buddha ke pUrvabhavo kI carcA karatI hai| inhIM meM dazaratha jAtaka meM rAmakathA kA ullekha hai| bauddha paramparA meM rAmakathA sambaMdhI kauna-kauna se pramukha graMtha likhe gae, isakI jAnakArI kA abhAva hI hai| rAmakathA sambaMdhI jaina sAhitya jaina sAhityakAroM ne vipula mAtrA meM rAmakathA sambaMdhI graMthoM kI racanA kI hai, inameM digambara lekhakoM kI apekSA zvetAmbara lekhaka aura unake graMtha adhika rahe haiN| jainoM meM rAmakathA sambaMdhI pramukha graMtha kauna se rahe haiM, isakI sUci nimnAnusAra haikra.graMtha . lekhaka lekhaka bhASA kAla 1 paumacariyaM A.vimalasUri (zve.) . prAkRta vI.ni. 530 / 2 vasudevahiNDI zrI saMghadAsagaNi (zve.) prAkRta IsvI san 609 3 padmapurANa zrI raviSeNa (di.) saMskRta IsvI san 678 4 paumacariu zrI svayambhU (di.) apabhraMza prAyaH I.san 8vIM zatI (madhya) 5 caupanna mahApurasacariyaM A.zIlAMka (zve.) . prAkRta I. san 868 6 uttarapurANa zrI guNabhadra (di.) saMskRta I.san prAyaH 9vIM zatI 7 bRhatkathAkoSa zrI hariSeNa (di.) saMskRta I.san 631 8 mahApurANa 9 kahAvalI zrI puSpadaMta (di.) A.bhadrezvara (zve.) apabhraMza I.san 965 prAkRta prAyaH IsvI san 10 triSaSTIzalAkApuruSacarita A.hemacaMdra (zve.) 11vIM zatI saMskRta prAyaH IsvI san12vIM zatI

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11 yogazAstra svopajJa vRtti A.hemacaMdra (zve.) saMskRta prAyaH IsvI san 12vIM zatI 12 zatrujayamahAtmya A.dhanezvarasUri (zve.)saMskRtaprAyaH IsvI san 14vIM zatI 13 puNyacaMdrodaya purANa zrIkRSNadAsa (di.) saMskRta I.san 1528 14 rAmacarita . devavijayagaNi (zve.) saMskRta I.san 1596 15 laghutriSaSTi zalAkA meghavijaya (zve) saMskRta I.san 17vIM puruSa-carita zatI inameM ekAdha apavAda ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI graMtha prAyaH prakAzita hai| inake atirikta bhI rAmakathA sambaMdhI aneka hastalikhitaM pratiyoM kA ullekha jinaratnakoza meM milatA hai, jinakI saMkhyA 30 se adhika hai| inameM hanumAnacarita, sItAcarita Adi bhI sammilita haiN| vistArabhaya ye yahAM ina sabakI carcA apekSita nahIM hai| Adhunika yuga meM bhI hindI meM aneka jainAcAryoM ne rAmakathA sambaMdhI graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| inameM sthAnakavAsI jaina saMta zuklacaMdrajI ma. kI 'zuklajainarAmAyaNa' A. bhadraguptasUrIzvarajI kA jaina rAmAyaNa' tathA AcArya tulasI kI 'agni-parIkSA' ati prasiddha hai| jainoM meM rAmakathA kI do pramukha dhArAeM vaise to AvAntara kathAnakoM kI apekSA jaina paramparA meM bhI rAmakathA ke vividha rUpa milate haiM, phira bhI jainoM meM rAmakathA kI do dhArAeM lagabhaga prAyaH IsA kI 9vIM zatAbdI se dekhI jAtI hai- 1. graMthakAra vimalasUri kI rAmakathA dhArA aura 2. guNabhadra kI rAmakathA dhaaraa| sampradAyoM kI apekSA-acela yApanIya evaM zvetAmbara graMthakAra vimalasUri kI rAmakathA kI dhArA kA anusaraNa karate rahe, jabaki digambara dhArA meM bhI mAtra kucha AcAryoM ne hI guNabhadra kI dhArA kA anusaraNa kiyaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM saMghadAsagaNi evaM yApanIyoM meM raviSeNa, svayambhU evaM hariSeNa bhI mukhyataH vimalasUri ke 'paumacariyaM' kA hI anusaraNa karate haiM, phira bhI saMghadAsagaNi ke kathAnakoM meM kahIM-kahIM vimalasUri se matabheda bhI dekhA jAtA hai| rAmakathA sambaMdhI prAkRta graMthoM meM A.zIlAMka caupannamahApurisacariyaM meM A. haribhadra dhUrtAvyAkhyAna meM aura A. bhadrezvara kahAvalI meM, (63)

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saMskRta bhASA meM raviSeNa padmapurANa meM digambara amitagati dharmaparIkSA meM A.hemacaMdra yogazAstra kI svopajJavRtti meM tathA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM, A. ghanezvara zajayamahAtmya meM, devavijayagaNi 'rAmacarita' (aprakAzita) aura meghavijayagaNi laghutriSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (aprakAzita) meM prAyaH vimalasUri kA anusaraNa karate haiN| apabhraMza meM svayambhU 'paumacariu' meM bhI vimalasUri kA hI anusaraNa karate haiN| yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki raviSeNa kA padmapurANa' (saMskRta) aura svayambhUkA 'paumacariu' (apabhraMza) cAhe bhASA kI apekSA bhinnatA rakhate ho, kiMtu ye donoM hI vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kA saMskRta yA apabhraMza rUpAMtaraNa hI lagate haiN| zrI guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa kI rAmakathA kA anusaraNa prAyaH alpa hI huA hai| mAtra kRSNa ke saMskRta ke puNyacaMdrodayapurANa meM tathA apabhraMza ke puSpadaMta ke mahApurANa meM isakA anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai| paumacariyaM kI bhASA evaM chaMda yojanA sAmAnyatayA 'paumacariyaM' prAkRta bhASA meM racita kAvya graMtha hai, phira bhI isakI prAkRta mAgadhI, arddhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, paizAcI aura mahArASTrI prAkRtoM meM kauna sI prAkRta hai, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| yaha to spaSTa hai ki isakA vartamAna saMskaraNa mAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI prAkRto kI apekSA mahArASTrIyana prAkRta se adhika naikaTya rakhatA hai, phira bhI ise paravartI mahArASTrI prAkRta se alaga rakhanA hogaa| isa sambaMdha meM pro.vI.ema.kulakarNI ne paumacariyaM kI apanI aMgrejI prastAvanA meM ativistAra se evaM pramANoM sahita carcA kI hai| usakA sAra mAtra itanA hI hai ki paumacariyaM kI bhASA paravartI mahArASTrI prAkRta na hokara prAcIna mahArASTrI prAkRta hai| vaha sAmAnya mahArASTrI prAkRta kA anusaraNa na karake jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta kA anusaraNa karatI hai, ataH usakA naikaTya Agamika arddhamAgadhi se bhI dekhA jAtA hai| ve likhate haiM ki "Paumachariya, which represents an archaic form of jain maharastri" paumacariyaM kI bhASA kI prAcInatA isase bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki usameM prAyaH gAthA (AryA) chaMda kI pramukhatA hai, jo eka prAcIna aura saralatama chaMda yojanA hai| gAthA yA AryA chaMda kI pramukhatA hote hue bhI paumacariyaM meM skaMdhaka, iMdravajrA, upendavajrA, upajAti Adi aneka chaMdoM ke prayoga bhI milate haiM, phira bhI ye gAthA/AryA chaMda kI apekSA ati alpa mAtrA meM prayukta hue haiN| merI dRSTi meM inakI bhASA aura chaMda yojanA kA naikaTya Agamika vyAkhyA 64

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sAhitya meM niyukti sAhitya se adhika hai| isakI bhASA aura chaMda yojanA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki isakA racanAkAla dUsarI-tIsarI zatI se paravartI nahIM hai| paumacariyaM kA racanAkAla paumacariyaM meM vimalasUri ne isake racanAkAla kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai paMceva ya vAsa sayA dusamAe tIsa varisa saMjuttA / vIre siddhimuvagae tao nibaddhaM imaM cariyaM // arthAt dusamA nAmaka Are ke pAMca sau tIsa varSa aura vIra kA nirvANa hone para yaha caritra likhA gyaa| yadi hama lekhaka ke isa kathana ko prAmANika mAneM to isa graMtha kI racanA vikrama saMvat 60 ke lagabhaga mAnanI hogii| mahAvIra kA nirvANa dusama nAmaka Are ke prArambha hone lagabhaga 3 varSa aura 9 mAha pUrva ho cukA thA, ataH isameM cAra varSa jor3anA hoNge| matAntara se bha. mahAvIra kA nirvANa vikrama saMvat ke 410 varSa pUrva bhI mAnA jAtA hai, isa sambaMdha meM maine apane lekha "Date of Mahavira's Nirvana" meM vistAra se carcA kI hai| ataH usa dRSTi se paumacariyaM kI racanA vikrama saMvat 124 arthAt vikrama saMvat kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM huI hogii| merI dRSTi meM paumacariyaM kA yahI racanA kAla yukti-saMgata siddha hotA hai| kyoMki aisA mAnane para lekhaka ke svayaM ke kathana se saMgati hone ke sAtha-sAtha use paravartI kAla kA mAnane ke sambaMdha meM jo tarka die gae haiM, ve bhI nirasta ho jAte haiN| haramana jekobI, svayaM isakI pUrva tithi 2rI yA 3rI zatI mAnate haiM, unake mata se yaha mata adhika dUra bhI nahIM hai| dUsare vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI pUrva hI zakoM kA Agamana ho cukA thA, ataH isameM prayukta lagnoM ke grIka nAma tathA 'dInAra', yavana, zaka Adi zabdoM kI upalabdhi meM bhI koI bAdhA nahIM rahatI hai| yavana zabda grIkoM arthAt sikandara Adi kA sUcaka hai, jo IsA pUrva bhArata meM A cuke the| zakoM kA Agamana bhI vikrama saMvat ke pUrva ho cukA thA, kAlakAcArya dvArA zakoM ke bhArata lAne kA ullekha vikrama pUrva kA hai| dInAra zabda bhI zakoM ke Agamana ke sAtha hI A gayA hogaa| sAtha hI nAIla kula yA zAkhA bhI isa kAla meM astitva meM A cukI thii| ise maiMne paumacariyaM kI paramparA meM siddha kiyA hai| ataH paumacariyaM ko vikrama kI dvitIya zatI ke pUrvArdha meM racita mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM rahatI hai|

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vimalasUri aura unake paumacariyaM kA sampradAya - yahAM kyA vimalasUri kA paumacariyaM yApanIya hai? isa prazna kA uttara bhI apekSita hai| vimalasUri aura unake graMtha paumacariyaM ke sampradAya sambaMdhI prazna ko lekara vidvAnoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| jahAM zvetAmbara' aura videzI vidvAna paumacariyaM meM upalabdha aMtaH sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para use zvetAmbara paramparA kA batAte haiM, vahIM paumacariyaM ke zvetAmbara paramparA ke virodha meM jAnevAle kucha tathyoM ko ubhAra kara kucha digambara vidvAn use digambara yA yApanIya siddha karane kA prayatna karate haiN|' vAstavikatA yaha hai ki vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM meM sampradAyagata mAnyatAoM kI dRSTi se yadyapi kucha tathya digambara paramparA ke pakSa meM jAte haiM, kiMtu adhikAMza tathya zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM hI jAte haiM, jahAM hameM sarvaprathama ina tathyoM kI samIkSA kara lenI hogii| pro. vI.ema.kulakarNI ne jina tathyoM kA saMketa prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI se prakAzita 'paumacariyaM' kI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai, unhIM ke AdhAra para yahAM hama yaha carcA prastuta karane jA rahe haiN| paumacariyaM kI digambara paramparA ke nikaTatA sambaMdhI kucha tarka aura unake uttara (1) kucha digambara vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sAmAnyatayA kisI graMtha kA prArambha- 'jambU svAmI ke pUchane para sudharmA svAmI ne kahA',- isa prakAra se hotA hai, AgamoM ke sAtha-sAtha kathA graMthoM meM yaha paddhati milatI hai, isakA udAharaNa saMghadAsagaNi kI vasudevahiNDI hai, kiMtu vasudevahiNDI meM jambUsvAmI ne prabhavasvAmI ko kahA- aisA bhI ullekha hai', jabaki digambara paramparA ke kathA graMthoM meM sAmAnyatayA zreNika ke pUchane para gautama gaNadhara ne kahA- aisI paddhati upalabdha hotI hai, jahAM taka paumacariyaM kA prazna hai, usameM nizcita hI zreNika ke pUchane para gautama ne rAmakathA kahI aisI hI paddhati upalabdha hotI hai, kiMtu merI dRSTi meM isa tathya ko paumacariyaM ke digambara paramparA se sambaddha hone kA AdhAra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki paumacariyaM meM strI mukti Adi aise aneka Thosa tathya haiM, jo zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM hI jAte haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki saMghabheda ke pUrva uttara bhArata kI nigraMtha paramparA meM donoM hI prakAra kI paddhatiyAM samAna rUpa se pracalita rahI hoM aura bAda meM eka paddhati kA anusaraNa zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne kiyA ho aura dUsarI kA digambara yA yApanIya AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| yaha tathya vimalasUri kI

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paramparA ke nirdhAraNa meM bahuta adhika sahAyaka isIlie bhI nahIM hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM, zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM meM graMtha prArambha karane kI aneka zailiyA pracalita rahI haiN| digambara paramparA meM vizeSa rUpa se yApanIyoM meM jambUsvAmI aura prabhavasvAmI se bhI kathA paramparA ke calane kA ullekha to svayaM padmacarita meM hI milatA hai| vahI krama zvetAmbara graMtha vasudevahiNDI meM bhI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI kucha aise bhI Agama graMtha haiM, jinameM kisI zrAvikA ke pUchane para zrAvaka ne kahA- isase graMtha kA prArambha kiyA gayA hai| 'devindatthava' nAmaka prakIrNaka meM zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM hI usa graMtha kA samasta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM ziSya kI jijJAsA samAdhAna hetu guru ke kathana se hI graMtha kA prArambha huA hai, usameM jambU aura sudharmA se saMvAda kA koI saMketa bhI nahIM hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM graMtha kA prArambha karane kI koI eka nizcita paddhati nahIM thii| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, nandI, anuyogadvAra, dazAzrutaskaMdha, kalpa Adi aneka graMthoM meM bhI jambUsvAmI aura sudharmAsvAmI ke saMvAdavAlI paddhati nahIM pAI jAtI hai| paddhatiyoM kI ekarUpatA aura vizeSa sampradAya dvArA vizeSa paddhati kA anusaraNa- yaha eka paravartI ghaTanA hai, jabaki paumacariyaM apekSAkRta eka prAcIna racanA hai| (2) digambaraM vidvAnoM ne paumacariyaM meM mahAvIra ke vivAha ke anullekha (paumacariyaM 2/28-29 evaM 3/57-58) ke AdhAra para use apanI paramparA ke nikaTa batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai, kiMtu hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki prathama to paumacariyaM meM bha. mahAvIra kA jIvana-prasaMga atisaMkSipta rUpa se varNita hai, ataH mahAvIra ke vivAha kA ullekha na hone se use digambara paramparA kA graMtha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| svayaM zvetAmbara paramparA ke kaI prAcIna graMtha aise haiM, jinameM mahAvIra ke vivAha kA ullekha nahIM hai| paM.dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga ke TippaNa meM likhA hai ki bhagavatIsUtra ke vivaraNa meM mahAvIra ke vivAha kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vivAha kA anullekha eka abhAvAtmaka pramANa hai, jo akelA nirNAyaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, jaba taka ki anya pramANoM se yaha siddha nahIM ho jAe ki paumacariyaM digambara yA yApanIya graMtha hai| (3) punaH paumacariyaM meM mahAvIra ke garbha-parivartana kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kiMtu merI dRSTi se isakA kAraNa bhI usameM bha. mahAvIra kI kathA ko atyaMta saMkSepa meM prastuta karanA hai| punaH yahAM bhI kisI abhAvAtmaka tathya ke AdhAra para hI koI niSkarSa nikAlane (67)

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kA prayatna hogA, jo ki tArkika dRSTi se samucita nahIM hai| . (4) paumacariyaM meM pAMca sthAvarakAyoM ke ullekha ke AdhAra para bhI use digambara paramparA ke nikaTa batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, kiMtu hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki sthAvaroM kI saMkhyA tIna mAnI gaI haiM athavA pAMca, isa AdhAra para graMtha ke zvetAmbara yA digambara paramparA kA hone kA nirNaya karanA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki digambara paramparA meM jahAM kundakunda ne paMcAstikAya (111) meM tIna sthAvaroM kI carcA kI haiM, vahIM anya AcAryoM ne pAMca kI carcA kI hai| isI prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke uttarAdhyayana Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM bhI, tIna sthAvaroM kI tathA pAMca sthAvaroM kI- donoM mAnyatAeM upalabdha hotI haiN| ataH ye tathya vimalasari aura unake graMtha kI paramparA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra nahIM bana skte| isa tathya kI vizeSa carcA hamane tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke prasaMga meM kI hai, sAtha hI eka svataMtra lekha bhI zramaNa apraila-jUna 63 meM prakAzita kiyA hai, pAThaka ise vahAM dekheN| . (5) kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki paumacariyaM meM 14 kulakaroM kI avadhAraNA pAI jAtI haiN|12 digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya graMtha tiloyapaNNatti meM bhI 14 kulakaroM kI avadhAraNA kA samarthana dekhA jAtA hai13, ataH yaha graMtha digambara paramparA kA honA cAhie, kiMtu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM aMtima kulakara ke rUpa meM RSabha kA ullekha hai| RSabha ke pUrva nAbhirAya taka 14.kulakAroM kI avadhAraNA to donoM paramparAoM meM samAna hai| ataH yaha aMtara graMtha ke sampradAya ke nirdhAraNa meM mahattvapUrNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| punaH jo kulakaroM ke nAma paumacariyaM meM die gae haiM, unakA jambUdvIpaprajJapti aura tiloyapaNNatti donoM se hI kucha aMtara hai| (6) paumacariyaM ke 14veM adhikAra kI gAthA 115 meM samAdhimaraNa ko cAra zikSAvratoM ke aMtargata parigaNita kiyA gayA hai,14, kiMtu zvetAmbara Agama upAsakadazA meM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha zikSAvratoM ke rUpa meM nahIM huA hai| jabaki digambara paramparA ke kundakunda Adi kucha AcArya samAdhimaraNa ko 12veM zikSAvrata ke rUpa meM aMgIkRta karate haiN|5atH paumacariyaM digambara paramparA se sambaddha honA caahie| isa saMdarbha meM merI mAnyatA yaha hai ki guNavratoM evaM zikSAvratoM meM ekarUpatA kA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai16. digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha kA anusaraNa karane vAle digambara AcArya bhI samAdhimaraNa ko zikSAvratoM meM parigrahita nahIM karate haiM, jabaki kundakunda ne use zikSAvratoM meM parigrahita kiyA hai| jaba digambara paramparA hI isa prazna para ekamata nahIM hai, to phira isa AdhAra para paumaeNcariyaM kI

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paramparA kA nirdhAraNa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai? sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke stharIkaraNa ke pUrva nirgaMtha paramparA meM vibhinna dhAraNAoM kI upasthiti eka sAmAnya bAta thii| ataH isa graMtha ke sampradAya kA nirdhAraNa karane meM vratoM ke nAma evaM krama sambaMdhI matabheda sahAyaka nahIM ho skte| (7) paumacariyaM meM anudik kA ullekha huA hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM anudik kA ullekha nahIM hai, jabaki digambara graMtha (yApanIya graMtha) SaTkhaNDAgama evaM tiloyapaNNatti meM isakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai|8 kiMtu merI dRSTi meM prathama to yaha bhI paumacariyaM ke sampradAya nirNaya ke lie mahattvapUrNa sAkSya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki anudik kI avadhAraNA se zvetAmbaroM kA bhI koI virodha nahIM hai| dUsare jaba anudik zabda svayaM AcArAMga meM upalabdha hai19, to phira hamAre digambara vidvAn yaha kaise kaha dete haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM anudik kI avadhAraNA nahIM hai? (8) paumacariyaM meM dIkSA ke avasara para bha. RSabha dvArA vastroM ke tyAga kA ullekha milatA hai| isI prakAra bharata dvArA bhI dIkSA grahaNa karate samaya vastroM ke tyAga kA ullekha hai21, kiMtu yaha donoM saMdarbha bhI paumacariyaM ke digambara yA yApanIya hone ke pramANa nahIM kahe jA sakate, kyoMki zvetAmbara mAnya graMthoM meM bhI dIkSA ke avasara para vastrAbhUSaNa tyAga kA ullekha to milatA hI hai|22 yaha bhinna bAta hai ki zvetAmbara graMthoM meM usa vastra tyAga ke bAda kahIM devaduSya kA grahaNa bhI dikhAyA jAtA hai|23 bha. RSabha, bharata, bha. mahAvIra Adi kI acelatA to svayaM zvetAmbaroM ko bhI mAnya hai| ataH paM. paramAnaMda zAstrI kA yaha tarka graMtha ke digambaratvaM kA pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai|24 .. (9) paM. paramAnaMda zAstrI ke anusAra paumacariyaM meM narakoM kI saMkhyA kA jo ullekha milatA hai vaha AcArya pUjyapAda ke sarvArthasiddhimAnya tattvArtha ke pATha ke nikaTa hai, jabaki zvetAmbara bhASya-mAnya tattvArtha ke mUlapATha meM yaha ullekha nahIM hai, kiMtu tattvArthabhASya evaM anya zvetAmbara AgamoM meM isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hone se ise bhI nirNAyaka tathya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra nadiyoM ke vivaraNa kA tathA bharata aura erAvata kSetroM meM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla ke vibhAga Adi tathyoM ko bhI graMtha ke digambaratva ke pramANa hetu prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, kiMtu ye sabhI tathya zvetAmbara graMthoM meM bhI ullekhita hai|25 ataH ye tathya graMtha ke digambaratva yA zvetAmbaratva ke nirNAyaka nahIM kahe jA skte| mUla paramparA ke eka hone se aneka bAtoM meM ekarUpatA kA honA to

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svAbhAvika hI hai| punaH SaTkhaNDAgama, tiloyapaNNati, tattvArthasUtra ke paumacariyaM kA anusaraNa dekhA jAnA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai, kiMtu inake AdhAra para paumacariyaM kI paramparA ko nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| pUrvavartI graMtha ke AdhAra para paravartI graMtha kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa to sambhava hai, kiMtu paravartI graMthoM ke AdhAra para pUrvavartI graMtha kI paramparA nizcaya nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| punaH paumacariyaM meM tIrthaMkara mAtA ke 14 svapna, tIrthaMkara, nAmakarmabaMdha ke bIsa kAraNa, cakravartI kI rAniyoM kI 64000 saMkhyA, bha. mahAvIra ke dvArA merukampana, strImukti kA spaSTa ullekha Adi aneka aise tathya haiM jo strI mukti niSedhaka digambara paramparA ke vipakSa meM jAte haiN| vimalasUri ke sampUrNa graMtha meM digambara zabda kA anullekha aura siyambara zabda kA ekAdhika bAra ullekha hone se use kisI bhI sthiti meM digambara paramparA kA graMtha siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyA paumacariyaM zvetAmbara paramparA kA graMtha hai ? AeM aba isI prazna para zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ke maMtavya para bhI vicAra kareM aura dekheM ki kyA vaha zvetAmbara paramparA kA graMtha ho sakatA hai ? paumacariyaM ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke nimnalikhita pramANa prastuta kie jAte haiM - (1) vimalasUri ne likhA hai ki 'jina' ke mukha se nirgata artharUpa vacanoM ko gaNadharoM ne dhAraNa karake unheM graMtharUpa diyA- isa tathya ko muni kalyANavijaya jI ne zvetAmbara paramparA sammata batAyA hai, kyoMki zvetAmbara paramparA kI niyukti meM isakA ullekha milatA hai|26 (2) paumacariyaM (2/26) meM bha. mahAvIra ke dvArA aMgUThe se merUparvata ko kampita karane kI ghaTanA kA bhI ullekha huA hai, yaha avadhAraNA bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM bahuta pracalita hai| (3) paumacariyaM (2/36-37) meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki bha. mahAvIra kevalajJAna prApta karane ke pazcAt bhavya jIvoM ko upadeza dete hue vipulAcala parvata para Ae, jabaki digambara paramparA ke anusAra bha. mahAvIra ne 66 dinoM taka mauna rakhakara vipulAcala parvata para apanA prathama upadeza diyaa| DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina evaM DaoN. upAdhye ne bhI isa kathana ko zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM mAnA hai|27

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(4) paumacariyaM (2/33) meM mahAvIra kA eka atizaya yaha mAnA gayA hai ki ve devoM ke dvArA nirmita kamaloM para paira rakhate hue yAtrA karate the, yadyapi kucha vidvAnoM ne ise zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM pramANa mAnA hai, kiMtu merI dRSTi meM yaha koI mahattvapUrNa pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yApanIya AcArya hariSeNa evaM svayambhU Adi ne bhI isa atizaya kA ullekha kiyA hai| (5) paumacariyaM (2/82) meM tIrthaMkara nAmakarma prakRti ke baMdha ke bIsa kAraNa mAne hai| yaha mAnyatA Avazyakaniyukti aura jJAtAdharmakathA ke samAna hI hai| digambara evaM yApanIya donoM hI paramparAoM meM isake 16 hI kAraNa mAne jAte rahe haiN| ataH isa ullekha ko zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM eka sAkSya kahA jA sakatA hai| (6) paumacariyaM meM marUdevI aura padmAvatI - ina tIrthaMkara mAtAoM ke dvArA 14 svapna dekhane kA ullekha hai|28 yApanIya evaM digambara paramparA 16 svapna mAnatI haiN| isI prakAra ise bhI graMtha ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke sambaMdha meM prabala sAkSya mAnA jA sakatA hai| paM. nAthUrAma jI premI ne yahAM svapnoM kI saMkhyA 15 batAI hai|29 bhavana aura vimAna ko unhoMne do alaga-alaga svapna mAnA hai, kiMtu zvetAmbara paramparA meM aise ullekha milate haiM ki jo tIrthaMkara naraka se Ate haiM, unakI mAtAeM bhavana aura jo tIrthaMkara devaloka se jAte haiM, unakI mAtAeM vimAna dekhatI haiN| yaha eka vaikalpika vyavasthA hai, ataH saMkhyA caudaha hI hogii| ataH bhavana aura vimAna vaikalpika svapna mAne gae haiM, isa prakAra mAtA dvArA dekhe jAne vAle svapna kI saMkhyA to 14 hI rahatI hai (Avazyaka haribhadrIya vRtti pR.108)| smaraNa rahe ki yApanIya raviSeNa ne paumacariyaM ke dhvaja ke sthAna para mIna-yugala ko mAnA hai| jJAtavya hai ki prAkRta 'jhaya' ke saMskRta rUpa 'dhvaja' tathA jhaSa (mIna-yugala) donoM sambhava hai| sAtha hI sAgara ke bAda unhoMne sihAsana kA ullekha kiyA hai aura vimAna tathA bhavana ko alaga-alaga svapna mAnA hai| yahAM yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki svapna sambaMdhI paumacariyaM kI yaha gAthA zvetAmbara mAnya nAyadhammakahA' se bilakula samAna hai| ataH yaha avadhAraNA bhI graMtha ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke sambaMdha meM prabala sAkSya hai| . (7) paumacariyaM meM bharata aura sagara cakravartI kI 64 hajAra rAniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai31, jabaki digambara paramparA meM cakravartiyoM kI rAniyoM kI saMkhyA 96 hajAra batAI hai|32 ataH yaha sAkSya bhI digambara aura yApanIya paramparA ke viruddha hai aura mAtra zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM jAtA hai|

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(8) bha. ajitanAtha aura bha. munisuvratasvAmI ke vairAgya ke kAraNoM ko tathA unake saMghastha sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara paumacariyaM aura tiloyapaNNatti meM mata vaibhinya hai33, kiMtu aisA matabhinya eka hI paramparA meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai, ataH ise graMtha ke zvetAmbara hone kA sabala sAkSya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| (9) paumacariyaM aura tiloyapaNNatti meM baladevoM ke nAma evaM krama ko lekara matabheda dekhA jAtA hai, jabaki paumacariyaM meM die gae nAma evaM krama zvetAmbara paramparA meM yathAvat milate haiN|24 ataH ise bhI graMtha ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke pakSa meM eka sAkSya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki paMumacariyaM meM bhI rAma ko baladeva bhI kahA gayA hai| (10) paumacariyaM meM 12 devalokoM kA ullekha hai, jo ki zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnurUpa hai| jabaki yApanIya raviSeNa aura digambara paramparA ke anya AcArya devalokoM kI saMkhyA 16 mAnate haiM, ataH ise bhI graMtha ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone kA pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| (11) paumacariyaM meM samyakdarzana ko pAribhASita karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo nava padArthoM ko jAnatA hai vaha samyagdRSTi hai|26 paumacariyaM meM kahIM bhI 7 tattvoM kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| paM. phUlacaMdajI ke anusAra yaha sAkSya graMtha ke zvetAmbara hone ke pakSa meM jAtA hai| kiMtu merI dRSTi meM nava padArthoM kA ullekha digambara paramparA meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, ataH ise graMtha ke zvetAmbara hone kA mahattvapUrNa sAkSya to nahIM kahA jA sktaa| donoM hI paramparA meM prAcInakAla meM navapadArtha hI mAne jAte the, kiMtu tattvArthasUtra ke pazcAt donoM meM sAta tattvoM kI mAnyatA bhI praviSTa ho gaI, cUMki zvetAmbara prAcIna stara ke AgamoM kA anusaraNa karate the, ataH unameM 9 tattvoM kI mAnyatA kI pradhAnatA banI rahI, jabaki digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha ke anusaraNa ke kAraNa sAta tattvoM kI pradhAnatA sthApita ho gii| (12) paumacariyaM meM usake zvetAmbara hone ke saMdarbha meM jo sabase mahattvapUrNa sAkSya upalabdha hote haiM, vaha yaha ki usameM kaikayI ko mokSa kI prApti batAI gaI hai 38, isa prakAra paumacariyaM strImukti kA samarthaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha tathya digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai, kiMtu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yApanIya bhI strImukti to svIkAra karate the, ataH yaha dRSTi se yaha graMtha zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparAoM se

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sambaddha yA unakA pUrvaja mAnA jA sakatA hai| (13) isI prakAra paumacariyaM meM muni kA AzIrvAda ke rUpa meM dharmalAbha kahate hue dikhAyA gayA hai,39 jabaki digambara paramparA meM muni AzIrvacana ke rUpa meM dharmavRddhi kahatA hai, kiMtu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki dharmalAbha kahane kI paramparA na kevala zvetAmbara hai, apitu yApanIya bhI hai| yApanIya muni bhI zvetAmbara muniyoM ke samAna dharmalAbha hI kahate the| graMtha ke zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke ina antaHsAkSyoM ke parIkSaNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki graMtha ke antaHsAkSya mukhya rUpa se unake zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke pakSa meM adhika haiN| vizeSa rUpa se strI-mukti kA ullekha yaha siddha kara detA hai ki yaha graMtha strI-mukti niSedhaka digambara paramparA se sambaddha nahIM ho sakatA hai| (14) vimalasUri ne paumacariyaM ke aMta meM apane ko nAila (nAgeMdra) vaMzanandIkara AcArya rAhU kA praziSya aura AcArya vijaya kA ziSya batAyA hai| sAtha hI paumacariyaM kA racanAkAla vI.ni.saM. 530 kahA hai| ye donoM tathya bhI vimalasUri evaM unake graMtha ke sampradAya nirdhAraNa hetu mahattvapUrNa AdhAra mAne jA sakate haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM nAgeMdra kula kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai, jabaki zvetAmbara mAnya kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM Aryavajra ke praziSya evaM vrajasena ke ziSya Arya nAga se nAIla yA nAgila zAkhA ke nikalane kA ullekha hai|42 zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra bhI vrajasena ke ziSya Arya nAga ne nAila zAkhA prArambha kI thii| vimalasUri isI nAgila zAkhA meM hue haiN| nandIsUtra meM AcArya bhUtadina ko bhI nAilakulavaMzanaMdIkara kahA gayA hai| yahI biruddha vimalasUri ne apane guruoM Arya evaM Arya vijaya ko bhI diyA hai| ataH yaha sunizcita hai ki vimalasUri uttara bhArata kI nigraMtha paramparA se sambaMdhita haiM aura unakA yaha 'nAila kula' zvetAmbaroM meM bArahavIM zatAbdI taka calatA rahA hai| cAhe unheM Aja ke artha meM zvetAmbara na kahA jAe, kiMtu ve zvetAmbaroM ke agraja avazya haiM, isameM kisI prakAra ke matabheda kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| paumacariyaM jainoM ke sampradAya-bheda se pUrva kA hai paumacariyaM ke sampradAya kA nirdhAraNa karane hetu yahAM do samasyAeM vicAraNIya haiM - prathama to yaha ki yadi paumacariyaM kA racanAkAla vIra ni.saM. 530 hai, jise aneka (73)

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AdhAroM para ayathArtha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, to ve uttarabhArata ke sampradAya vibhAjana ke pUrva ke AcArya siddha hoNge| yadi hama bha. mahAvIra kA nirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnate haiM, to isa graMtha kA racanAkAla I.san 64 aura vi.saM. 123 AtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM paumacariyaM vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha kI racanA hai, kiMtu vicAraNIya yaha hai ki kyA vIra ni.saM. 530 meM nAgilakula astitva meM A cukA thA ? yadi hama kalpasUtra paTTAvalI kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to Arya vajra ke ziSya Arya vajrasena aura unake ziSya Arya nAga mahAvIra kI pATa paramparA ke kramazaH 13, 14, 15veM sthAna para Ate haiM45, yadi AcAryoM kA sAmAnya kAla 30 varSa mAneM to Aryavajrasena aura AryanAMga kA kAla vIra ni. ke 420 varSa pazcAt AtA hai, isa dRSTi se vIra ni. ke 530 meM varSa meM nAilakula kA astitva siddha ho jAtA hai| yadyapi paTTAvaliyoM meM vajra svAmI ke samaya kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai, kiMtu nihnavoM ke sambaMdha meM jo kathAeM haiM, usameM AryarakSita ko Arya bhadra aura vajrasvAmI ko samakAlIna batAyA gayA hai aura isa dRSTi se vajrasvAmI kA samaya vIra ni. 583 mAna liyA gayA hai, kiMtu yaha dhAraNA bhrAMtipUrNa hai| isa sambaMdha meM vizeSa upAhoha karake kalyANavijayajI ne Arya vajrasena kI dIkSA vIra ni.saM. 486 meM nizcita kI hai| yadi ise hama sahI mAna leM to vIra ni.saM. 530 meM nAIla kula kA astitva mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| punaH yadi koI AcArya dIrghajIvI ho to apanI ziSya paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA vaha cAra-pAMca pIr3hiyAM to dekha hI letA hai| vajrasena ke ziSya Arya nAga, jinake nAma para nAgeMdra kula kI sthApanA huI, apane dAdA guru Arya vajra ke jIvanakAla meM jIvita ho sakate haiN| isI AdhAra para unheM Arya vajra kA sIdhA ziSya mAnakara vajrasena ko unakA gurubhrAtA mAna liyA gayA aura AryarakSita ke kAla ke AdhAra para unake kAla kA nirdhAraNa kara liyA gayA, kiMtu nandIsUtra meM AcAryoM ke krama meM bIca-bIca meM aMtarAla rahe haiN| ataH AcArya vimalasUri kA kAla vIra nirvANa saM.530 arthAt vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| yadi hama paumacariyaM ke racanAkAla vIra ni.saM. 530 ko svIkAra karate haiM, to yaha spaSTa hai ki usa kAla taka uttarabhArata ke nigraMtha saMgha meM vibhinna kula zAkhAoM kI upasthiti aura unameM kucha mAnyatA bheda yA vAcanAbheda to thA, phira bhI spaSTa saMghabheda nahIM huA thaa| donoM paramparAeM isa saMghabheda ko vIra nirvANa saM. 606 yA 609 meM mAnatI haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki apane kAla kI dRSTi se bhI vimalasUri saMghabheda ke pUrva ke AcArya haiM aura isIlie unheM kisI sampradAya vizeSa se jor3anA sambhava nahIM hai|

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paumacariyaM meM strImukti Adi kI jo avadhAraNA hai, vaha bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki ve ina donoM paramparAoM ke pUrvaja haiM, kyoMki donoM hI paramparAeM strImukti ko svIkAra karatI haiN| punaH yaha bhI satya hai ki sabhI zvetAmbara AcArya unheM apanI paramparA kA mAnate rahe haiM, jabaki yApanIya raviSeNa aura svayaMbhU ne unake graMthoM kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI unake nAma kA smaraNa taka nahIM kiyA hai, isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve unheM apane se bhinna paramparA kA mAnate the, kiMtu yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ve usI yuga meM hue haiM, jaba zvetAmbara, yApanIya aura digambara kA spaSTa bheda sAmane nahIM AyA thA, yadyapi kucha vidvAna unake graMtha meM mani ke lie 'siyaMbara' zabda ke ekAdhika prayoga dekhakara unako zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha karanA cAheMge, kiMtu isa sambaMdha meM kucha sAvadhAniyoM kI apekSA hai| vimalasUri ke ina do-cAra prayogoM ko chor3akara, hameM prAcIna stara ke sAhitya meM kahIM bhI zvetAmbara yA digambara zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM milatA hai| svayaM vimalasUri dvArA paumacariyaM meM eka bhI sthala para digambara zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vidvAnoM ne bhI vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM meM upalabdha zvetAmbara (siyaMbara) zabda ke prayoga ko sampradAya sUcaka na mAnakara usa yuga ke savastra muni kA sUcaka mAnA hai, kyoMki sItA sAdhvI ke lie bhI siyaMbara zabda kA prayoga unhoMne svayaM kiyA hogaa| mathurA ke IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatI ke aMkana bhI isakI puSTi karate haiN| jisa prakAra savastra sAdhvI sItA kI vimalasUri ne siyaMbarA kahA usI prakAra saMvastra muni ko bhI siyaMbara kahA hogaa| unakA yaha prayoga nigraMtha muniyoM dvArA vastra rakhane kI pravRtti kA sUcaka hai, na ki zvetAmbara digambara saMghabheda kaa| vimalasUri nizcita hI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya- donoM ke pUrvaja haiN| zvetAmbara unheM apane sampradAya kA kevala isIlie mAnate haiM ki ve unakI pUrva paramparA se jur3e hue haiN| . zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne mahAvIra jayaMtI smArikA jayapura varSa 1977 I. pRSTha 257 para isa tathya ko spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki vimalasUri aura paumacariyaM yApanIya nahIM hai| ve likhatI haiM ki 'nizcita vimalasUri eka zvetAmbarAcArya haiN| unakA nAilavaMza, svayaMbhU dvArA unakA smaraNa na kiyA jAnA tathA unake (graMtha meM) zvetAmbara sAdhu kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha- unake yApanIya na hone ke pratyakSa pramANa hai|' vimalasUri aura unake graMtha paumacariyaM ko yApanIya mAnane meM sabase bar3I bAdhA yaha bhI hai ki unakI kRti mahArASTrI prAkRta ko apane graMtha kI bhASA nahIM . banAyA hai| yApanIyoM ne sadaiva hI arddhamAgadhI se prabhAvita zaurasenI prAkRta ko hI apanI bhASA mAnA hai|

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ataH AdaraNIya paM. nAthUrAma premI ne unake yApanIya hone ke sambaMdha meM jo sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai, vaha samucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai| yaha ThIka hai ki unakI mAnyatAoM kI zvetAmbaroM evaM yApanIyoM donoM meM samAnatA hai, kiMtu isakA kAraNa unakA inaM donoM paramparAoM kA pUrvaja honA hai- zvetAmbara yA yApanIya honA nhiiN| kAla kI dRSTi se bhI ve ina donoM ke pUrvaja hI siddha hote hai| punaH yApanIya paramparAMe raviSeNa ke mahAkavi svayambhU dvArA unakI kRti kA pUrNataH anusaraNa karane para bhI unake nAma kA ullekha nahIM karanA, yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve unheM apanI paramparA kA nahIM mAnate the| ataH siddha yahI hotA hai ki vimalasUri zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparA ke pUrvaja haiN| zvetAmbaroM ne sadaiva apane pUrvaja AcAryoM ko apanI paramparA kA mAnA hai| vimalasUri ke digambara hone kA to prazna hI nahIM uThatA, yApanIyoM ne unakA anusaraNa karate hue bhI unheM apanI paramparA kA nahIM mAnA, anyathA raviSeNa aura svayambhU kahIM na kahIM nAma nirdeza avazya krte| punaH yApanIyoM kI zaurasenI prAkRta ko na apanA kara apanA kAvya mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhanA yahI siddha karatA hai ki ve yApanIya nahIM hai| ataH vimalasUri kI paramparA ke sambaMdha meM do hI vikalpa haiN| yadi hama unake graMtha kA racanAkAla vIra nirvANa saMvat 530 mAnate haiM, to hameM unheM zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM kA pUrvaja mAnanA hogA, kyoMki zvetAmbara digambaroM kI utpatti vIra nirvANa ke 606 varSa bAda aura digambara zvetAmbaroM kI utpatti vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda hI mAnate haiN| yadi hama isa kAla ko vIra nirvANa saMvat mAnate haiM, ve zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ke pUrvaja siddha hoMge aura yadi ise vikrama saMvat mAnate haiM, to jaisA ki kucha vidvAnoM ne mAnA hai, to unheM zvetAmbara AcArya mAnanA hogaa| saMdarbha - 1. paumacariyaM bhAga-1, iNTroDaksana peja 18, phUTanoTa naM.2 vahI, dekheM, padmapurANa (raviSeNa), bhUmikA, DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, pR. 22-23 paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana (vI.ema.kulakarNI), peja 18-22 4. (76)

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12. 5. ti tasseva pabhavoM kaheyavvo, tappabhavassa ya pabhavasya tti / vasudevahiNDI (saMghadAMsagaNi), gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhInagara pR.2 6. . taha indabhUikahiyaM seNiyaraNNassa nIsesaM / - paumacariyaM 1, 33 varddha mAnajinendroktaH so'yamartho gaNezvaraM pariprAptaH sudharma dhAriNIbhavam // prabhavaM kramataH kIrti tattonuttaravAgminaM / likhitaM tasya saMprApya seveyetnoyamudgataH / / - padmacarita 1/41-42 evaM 123-166 deviMdatthao (devendrastava, sampAdaka-pro. sAgaramala jaina, AgamaahiMsA-samatA-prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura) gAthA kramAMka- 3, 7, 11, 13, 14 suyaM meM AusaM! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM / - AcArAMga (saM.madhukara muni), 1/1/1/1 paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana, pRSTha 19 kA phUTanoTa kra. 1 11. paumacariyaM, 2/65 evaM 2/63 paumacariyaM, 3/55-56 tiloyapaNNatti, mahAdhikAra gAthA-421 (jIvarAja graMthamAlA zolApura) . . jambUdvIpaprajJapti, vakSaskAra 2 paMca ya aNuvvayAI tiNNeva guNavvayAI bhaNiyAI / sikkhAvayANi etto cattAri jiNovaiTThANi // thUlayaraM pANivahaM mUsAvAyaM adattadANaM ca / parajuvaINa nivittI saMtoSasavayaM ca paMcamayaM // disividisANa ya niyamo aNatthadaMDassa vajaNaM ceva / upabhogaparImANaM tiNNeya guNavvayA ee / / sAmAiyaM ca uvavAsa-posaho atihisaMvibhAgo ya / aMte samAhimaraNaM sikkhAsuvayAi cattAri / / - paumacariyaM 14/112-115 paMcevaNuvvayAiM guNavvayAiM havaMti taha tiNNi / sikkhAvaya cattAri ya saMjamacaraNaM ca sAyAraM // pau 77

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17. 18. thUle tasakAyavahe thUle mose adattathUle ya / parihAro paramahilA pariggahAraMbha parimANaM / / disavidisamANapaDhamaM aNatthadaNDassa vajaNaM vidiyaM / bhogopabhogaparimANa iyameva guNavvayA tiNNi // sAmAiyaM ca paDhamaM bidiyaM ca taheva posahaM bhnniyN| . tIiyaM ca atihipujaM cauttha sallehaNA aMte // - carittapAhuDa 22-26 . jJAtavya hai ki jaTAsiMha nandI ne bhI varAMgacarita sarga 22 meM vimalasUri kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| dekhie jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (lekhaka- DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) bhAga-2, pR.saM. 274 paumacariyaM, 102/145 19. paumacariyaM iNTroDaksana, pRSTha 19, padmapurANa, bhUmikA (paM.pannAlAla), pR.30 . jo imAo (disAo) aNudisAo vA aNusaMcarai, savvAo disAo aNudisAo, o'haM / AcArAMga 1/1/1/1, zIlAMkaTIkA, pR.19| (jJAtavya hai ki mUla paumacariyaM meM kevala anudisAiM zabda hai jo ki AcArAMga meM usI rUpa meM hai| usase nau anudizAoM kI kalpanA dikhAkara use zvetAmbara AgamoM meM anupasthita kahanA ucita nahIM hai|) dekhie paumacariyaM 3/135-36 paumacariyaM, 83/5 23. mukkaM vAsojuyalaM........ - caupannamahApurisacariyaM, pR. 273 egaM devadUsamAdAya ....... pvvie| -kalpasUtra 114 paumacariyaM bhAga-1 (iNTroDaksana peja 19, phuTanoTa 5) 'jiNavaramuhAo attho so gaNaherahi dhriuN'| - Avazyaka niyukti 1/10 dekheM..... padmapurANa (AcArya raviSNa), prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, sampAdakIya, pR.7 21. 22. ( 78)

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30. 28. 'paumacariyaM, 3/62/21/13 (yahAM marUdevI aura padmAvatI ke svapnoM meM samAnatA hai, mAtra marUdevI ke saMdarbha meM 'varasiridAma' zabda AyA hai, jabaki padmAvatI ke svapnoM meM abhisekadAma' zabda AyA hai- kiMtu donoM kA artha lakSmI hI hai|) 29. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (nAthUrAma premI), pRSTha 99 / NAyAdhammakahA (madhukara muni) prathama zrutaskaMdha, adhyAya 8, 26 31. * paumacariyaM 4/58, 5/98 32. padmapurANa (raviSeNa), 4/66, 247 dekheM paumacariyaM 21/22, paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana peja 22 phuTanoTa-3 34. paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana peja 21 35. paumacariyaM, 75/35-36 aura 102/42-54 36. paumacariyaM, 102/181 37. anekAnta varSa 5, kiraNa 1-2 tattvArtha sUtra kA antaH parIkSaNa, paM. phUlacaMdajI pR.51 . siddhapayaM uttamaM pattA-paumacariyaM 86/12 / : 39. dekheM, paumacariyaM iNTroDaksana paja 21 gopyA, yaapniiyaa| gopyAstu vandyamAnA dharmalAbhaM bhnnnti|... SaTdarzanasamuccaya TIkA 4/1 paumacariyaM, 118/117 42. vahI, 118/103 43. therahito NaM ajavairaseNiehiMto ettha NaM ajjanAilI sAhA niggayA'.... kalpasUtra 221, pR. 306 44. nAilakula-vaMsanAMdikare..... bhuuydinnmaayrie| - nandIsUtra 44/45 45. paTTAvalI parAgasaMgraha (kalyANavijayajI), pR. 27 evaM 138-139

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paMcAzaka prakaraNa kI bhUmikA (I. san kI lagabhaga 8vIM zatI) paMcAzaka (paMcAsaga) AcArya haribhadrasUri kI yaha kRti jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta meM racita hai| isameM unnIsa paMcAzaka haiM, jisameM dUsare meM 44 aura sattarahaveM meM 52 tathA zeSa meM 50-50 padya haiN| vIragaNi ke ziSya zrI caMdrasUri ke ziSya yazodeva ne pahale paMcAzaka para jaina mahArASTrI meM vi.saM. 1172 meM eka cUrNi likhI thI, jisameM prArambha meM tIna padya aura aMta meM prazasti ke cAra padya haiM, zeSa graMtha gadya meM hai, jisameM samyaktva ke prakAra, usake yatanA, abhiyoga aura dRSTAMta ke sAtha-sAtha manuSya bhava kI durlabhatA Adi anyAnya viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| samAcArI viSaya kA aneka bAra ullekha huA hai| maNDanAtmaka zailI meM racita hone ke kAraNa isameM 'tulAdaNDa nyAya' kA ullekha bhI hai, Avazyaka cUrNi ke dezavirati meM jisa taraha navapayapayaraNa meM nau dvAroM kA pratipAdana hai, usI prakAra yahAM para bhI nau dvAroM kA ullekha hai| paMcAzaka kA vistRta vivaraNa Age diyA jA rahA hai| paMcAzaka prathama paMcAzaka prathama 'zrAvakadharmavidhi' paMcAzaka ke aMtargata zrAvaka ke AcAra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai- jo anantAnubandhI kaSAyoM kA nAza kara paraloka hetu jinavacanoM ko sunatA hai tathA guruoM kI sevA aura bhagavAn jinendradeva kI pUjA meM nimagna rahatA hai, vaha uttama zrAvaka hai| AgamAnusAra samyaktva ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvakocita vratoM kA pAlana karanA hI zrAvaka kA kartavya hai, kiMtu vaha zrAvakocita vratoM kA pAlana kabhI kara pAtA hai, to kabhI nahIM kara paataa|vrtoN kA anupAlana cAritramohanIya karma ke kSaya, kSayopazama athavA upazama ke hone para hotA hai, jabaki samyaktva kI prApti darzanamohanIya karma ke kSaya, kSayopazama athavA upazama ke hone para hotI hai| darzanamoha ke upazama, kSaya yA kSayopazama ke pazcAt cAritramoha kA bhI kSayopazama Adi ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| ataH samyaktva ke sAtha zrAvaka, vratoM kA pAlana kabhI kara pAtA hai aura kabhI nahIM kara pAtA hai| yahAM prazna 80

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ho sakatA hai ki darzanamoha ke kSayopazama ke turaMta bAda cAritramoha kA kSayopazama kyoM nahIM hotA hai? pariNAma arthAt manobhAvoM ke bheda ke kAraNa aisA hotA hai| cAritramoha ke kSayopazama ke lie darzanamoha ke kSayopazama kI apekSA vizeSa manobhAvoM yA pariNAmoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isalie jaba taka aise vizeSa manobhAva yA pariNAma nahIM AeMge, cAritramoha kA kSayopazama nahIM hogaa| aNuvrata zrAvakoM ke lie saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra karane ke lie naukA ke samAna haiN| unako pAlana karane kA bhAva zrAvaka meM taba AtA hai, jaba samyaktva-prApti ke bAda mohanIya Adi sAta karmoM kI kAla-sthiti do sau nau palyopama jitanI zeSa rahatI hai| sAdhuoM ke mahAvrata kI apekSA zrAvaka ke vrata sImita yA AMzika hote haiM, isalie unheM aNuvrata kahA jAtA hai| sthUlaprANAtipAtaviramaNa, sthUlamRSAvAdaviramaNa, sthUlaadattAdAnaviramaNa, parastrI-gamanaviramaNa (svadArasaMtoSa vrata) tathA sthUlaparigrahaviramaNa - ye pAMca aNuvrata haiN| ina aNuvratoM kI rakSA ke lie guNavratoM evaM zikSAvratoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| guNavrata mukhyataH tIna haiM- dizA-parimANa vrata, bhogopabhogaparimANa vrata tathA anrthdnnddvirti| aNuvratoM kI sAdhanA ke lie jina vizeSa guNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, unheM guNavrata kahA jAtA hai| zikSAvrata cAra haiM- sAmAyika vrata, dezAvakAzika vrata, pauSadhopavAsa vrata tathA atithisaMvibhAga vrt| zikSA kA artha hotA hai-abhyaas| jisa prakAra vidyArthI punaH-punaH vidyA kA abhyAsa karatA hai, usI prakAra zrAvaka ko bhI kucha vratoM kA punaH-punaH abhyAsa karanA par3atA hai| isI abhyAsa ke kAraNa ina vratoM ko zikSAvrata kahA gayA hai| vrata-grahaNa kara lene ke pazcAt zrAvaka ke AcaraNa meM zithilatA Ane lagatI hai, jisake kAraNa vaha doSamukta ho jAtA hai| phalataH vrata se cyuta hone kA bhaya banA rahatA hai| ataH samyaktvAdi vratoM ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha isa prathama paMcAzaka meM unake aticAroM kA bhI vistAra se varNana AyA hai| kahA gayA hai - samyaktvAdi vratoM ke pAlana hetu upAya, rakSaNa, grahaNa, prayatna aura viSaya Adi pAMca bAtoM para zrAvaka ko vizeSa dhyAna denA caahie| jisa prakAra kumhAra ke dvArA cakra ke kisI eka bhAga ko calAne se pUrA cakra ghUmatA hai, usI prakAra yahAM samyaktva aura aNuvratoM kA nirUpaNa karane se unakI prApti ke upAya Adi kA bhI sUcana ho jAtA hai| uparyukta zrAvaka dharmoM meM pAMca aNuvratoM aura tIna guNavratoM kA pAlana prAyaH jIvanaparyaMta hotA hai, jabaki zikSAvratoM kA pAlana thor3e samaya ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| 81

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tAtparya hai aNuvrata aura guNavrata jIvana meM eka bAra grahaNa kie jAte haiM aura unakA pAlana jIvanaparyaMta karanA hotA hai, jabaki zikSAvrata bAra-bAra grahaNa kie jAte haiM aura unakA anupAlana eka sImita samaya ke lie hotA hai| isa paMcAzaka meM aNuvratoM, guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM ke atirikta bhI anya kucha sAmAnya AcAra-niyamoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jaise- jahAM sAdhuoM kA Agamana hotA ho, samIpa meM jinamaMdira ho tathA AsapAsa sahadharmI zrAvakoM kA nivAsa ho, aise sthAna para hI zrAvaka ko nivAsa karanA caahie| zrAvaka ke kucha prAtaHkaraNIya AcaraNa isa prakAra haiM- prAtaH navakAra maMtra kA jApa karate hue jAganA, maiM aNuvratI zrAvaka hUM, aisA vicAra kara apane AcAra-niyamoM kA smaraNa karane ke pazcAt dainandina kriyAoM se nivRtta honA, phira vidhipUrvaka jinapratimA kI pUjA karanA, jinamaMdira jAkara jineMdradeva kA satkAra karanA, caityavaMdana karanA, guru ke samIpa pratyAkhyAna karanA, guru se Agama kA zravaNa karanA, tatpazcAt unake svAsthya ke bAre meM pUchanA, bImArI Adi hone para oSadhi kI vyavasthA karanA, zAstra ke viruddha vyApAra na karanA, zAstrokta vidhi se yathA-samaya bhojana grahaNa karanA, bhojanoparAMta pratyAkhyAna lenA, punaH saMdhyA ko jinamaMdira jAkara jinamUrti ke samakSa caityavaMdana Adi karanA, AgamoM kA zravaNa karanA, vaiyAvRtya dvArA glAna sAdhuoM kI thakAna dUra karanA, namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA smaraNa karate hue vidhipUrvaka sonA, yathAzakti maithuna kA tyAga karanA tathA tyAgI zrAvakoM ke prati vizeSa Adara-bhAva rakhanA, aMtima prahara meM rAtri ke bahuta kucha zeSa rahane para karma, AtmA Adi sUkSma padArthoM ke svarUpa kA ciMtana karanA tathA zubha anuSThAna meM bAdhaka rAgAdi doSoM ke nirodha meM mana ko lagAnA aadi| aMta meM haribhadra kahate haiM ki isa prakAra uparyukta vidhi se zrAvaka-dharma kA anuSThAna karane vAle zrAvaka kA saMsAra-viyoga ke kAraNa cAritra (dIkSA) lene kA manobhAva (pariNAma) utpanna hotA hai| dvitIya paMcAzaka dvitIya 'jinadIkSAvidhi' paMcAzaka ke aMtargata mumukSuoM ke dIkSA-vidhAna para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| kisI vyakti dvArA apane sage-sambaMdhiyoM se kSamA yAcanA karake guru kI zaraNa meM jAkara sampUrNa parigraha kA tyAga karate hue samabhAva kI sAdhanA karane kI pratijJA lenA jinadIkSAvidhi kahalAtI hai| vastutaH, dIkSA muNDana saMskAra hai, jisameM mukhyataH citta kI durvAsanAoM kA muNDana hotA hai, kyoMki mithyAtva, krodha Adi ko dUra kie binA vyakti dIkSA kA adhikArI nahIM ho sakatA hai| jaina dharma meM dIkSA kA adhikArI vahI

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ho sakatA hai, jisameM sAdhanA ke prati anurAga ho tathA jisane loka-vyavahAra meM niSiddha kAryoM kA tyAga kara diyA ho| sAdhanA ke prati anurAga kI yaha bhAvanA kabhI to vyakti meM svataH hI utpanna hotI hai, to kabhI vairAgyotpAdaka dharmopadeza sunakara yA darzana, jJAna aura cAritrarUpI mokSa-mArga kA anusaraNa kara rahe vyaktiyoM ko dekhakara bhI utpanna hotI hai, lekina vyakti jaba taka para-niMdA, zreSThapuruSoM kA tiraskAra, dhArmika AcAra kA upahAsa evaM lokaviruddha kAryoM kA tyAga nahIM kara detA, taba taka vaha dIkSA kA pUrNataH adhikArI nahIM ho sakatA hai| yahAM para kucha vidvAnoM ne apane virodhAtmaka mata ko prakaTa karate hue vighnoM ke abhAva athavA sadbhAva meM bhI atyaMta caitasika dRr3hatA ko hI dIkSA kI yogyatA mAnA hai| isI prasaMga meM AcArya haribhadra ne dIkSA-sambaMdhI karmakANDa kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai, jo hindU tAMtrika sAdhanA se pUrNataH prabhAvita haiN| ve likhate haiM- dIkSA lene se pUrva dIkSAsthala kI zuddhi Avazyaka hai| ataH muktA-zukti ke samAna hAtha kI mudrA banAkara tathA vAyukumAra Adi devatAoM kA maMtroM dvArA AhvAna kara, jalasiMcana se unakA sammAna karate hue aisI kalpanA karanI cAhie ki vAyukumAra samavasaraNa kI bhUmi zuddha kara rahe haiN| tatpazcAt meghakumAra dvArA jala kI varSA kI bhAvanA karanI caahie| taduparAMta basaMta, grISma Adi chaH RtuoM, agnikumAra Adi devatAoM kA AhvAna karake dhUpabattI jalAnI caahie| vaimAnika, jyotiSka evaM bhavanavAsI devatAoM kA AhvAna kara samavasaraNa ke ratna, suvarNa aura raupya (cAMdI) jaise raMga vAle tIna prAkAra banAne cAhie, kyoMki bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM vaimAnika devatAoM dvArA aMtara, madhya aura bAhya- ye tIna prAkAra kramazaH ratna, suvarNa aura cAMdI ke banAe jAte haiN| isake bAda vyantaradevoM kA AhvAna karake una prAkAroM ke dvArAdi ke toraNa, pITha, devachanda, puSkariNI Adi kI racanA kI jAtI hai| jisa prakAra samavasaraNa meM svayaM bhagavAn virAjita hote haiM, usI prakAra yahAM caturdizAoM meM jinendradeva ke bimboM kI utkRSTa caMdana ke Upara sthApanA karanI caahie| jinabimba ke dakSiNa-pUrva bhAga ke gaNadharoM ke pIche muniyoM kI, muniyoM ke pIche vaimAnika deviyoM kI aura deviyoM ke pIche sAdhviyoMkI sthApanA karanI caahie| isI prakAra dakSiNa-pazcima dizA meM bhavanavAsiyoM, vyantaroM tathA jyotiSka-deviyoM kI sthApanA karanI cAhie (kucha siddhAMtavettAoM ne bhavanapatiyoM Adi kI sthApanA ke lie kevala pazcimottara dizA nirdiSTa kI hai)| pUrvottara dizA meM vaimAnika devoM, manuSyoM aura nArIgaNa kI sthApanA karanI caahie| dvitIya prAkAra meM sarpa, nevalA, mRga, siMha, azva, bhaiMsA Adi prANiyoM kI sthApanA karake tRtIya prAkAra meM devatAoM ke hAthI, magara, siMha, mora, kalahaMsa Adi AkAra vAle

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vAhanoM kI sthApanA kI jAnI caahie| itanI vidhi pUrNa hone ke bAda dIkSArthI dravya arthAt zArIrika zuddhi aura bhAva arthAt mAnasika zuddhi donoM se pavitra hokara zubha muhUrta meM samavasaraNa meM praveza karatA hai| tIvra zraddhA vAle usa dIkSArthI ko sarvaprathama jinazAsana kI AcAra-vidhi batalAI jAtI hai| dIkSArthI ke hAthoM meM sugaMdhita puSpa dekara usakI AMkhoM ko zveta vastra se Dhakakara jinabimba para puSpa pheMkane ko kahA jAtA hai, tAki yaha patA laga sake ki vaha kisa gati se AyA hai aura kisa gati meM jaaegaa| samavasaraNa meM jisa bhAga para puSpa giratA hai, usase usakI gati jAnI jAtI hai| dIkSArthI kI Agati evaM gati ke viSaya meM kucha AcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki AcArya ke mana Adi yogoM kI pravRtti ke AdhAra para bhI zubhAzubha gati jAnI jAtI hai| kucha logoM kA mAnanA hai ki dIpa, caMdra evaM tAroM ke teja adhika hoM to dIkSArthI kI zubha gati hotI hai, anyathA azubha gati hotI hai| jinabimba para puSpa pheMkane ke sAtha hI dIkSArthI kI yogyatA-ayogyatA kA nirNaya bhI ho jAtA hai| puSpa yadi samavasaraNa ke bAhara giratA hai to dIkSArthI dIkSA ke ayogya hotA hai aura yadi samavasaraNa meM par3atA hai to vaha dIkSA ke yogya samajhA jAtA hai| yadi puSpapAta bAhara hotA hai to samyaktva ke zaMkA Adi aticAroM kI AlocanA karavAkara aura arhadAdi cAra zaraNoM ko svIkAra karane kI vidhi karAkara pUrvavat puSpakSepaNa karAyA jAtA haiN| yaha kriyA tIna bAra karAI jAtI hai| tIsarI bAra meM bhI puSpapAta samavasaraNa ke bAhara hotA hai to dIkSArthI ayogya samajhA jAtA hai| yogyatA ke nirNaya ke pazcAt dIkSArthI ko guru jina-dIkSA kI vidhi sunAte haiM, phira jina-dIkSA ke AcAroM kA varNana sunakara ziSya guru kI tIna bAra pradakSiNA karatA huA antaHkaraNa se nivedana karatA hai ki maiM Apake prati pUrNa samarpita huuN| ataH isa saMsAra-sAgara se merA uddhAra kiijie| bhaktipUrvaka guru ke prati AtmasamarpaNa zreSThatama dAna dharma hai| guru ko aise hI samarpita bhAva vAle ziSya priya lagate haiM aura ve unheM niyamAnusAra dIkSA pradAna karate haiN| ve dhanya haiM jinheM aisI dIkSA prApta hotI hai| ataH dIkSita vyakti ko apane dvArA gRhIta vratoM evaM niyamoM meM, sahadharmiyoM ke prati vAtsalyabhAva meM, tattvajJAna ke adhyayana meM tathA guru ke prati bhakti meM vRddhi karate rahanA cAhie tathA dIkSApUrvaka gRhIta liMga (veza) kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM karanA caahie| jinameM uparyukta lakSaNa dikhalAI dete haiM, unakI dIkSA hI saccI dIkSA mAnI jAtI hai| isa prakAra kramazaH sadguNoM kI vRddhi hone se mahAsattvazAlI jIva kA kalyANa hotA hai aura aMta meM vaha sabhI karmoM se mukta hokara mokSa ko prApta karatA hai|

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tRtIya paMcAzaka tRtIya paMcAzaka meM 'caityavaMdanavidhi' kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| vaMdana mukhyataH tIna prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai- jaghanya vaMdana, madhyama vaMdana aura utkRSTa vNdn| caityavaMdana ke adhikArI bhI cAra prakAra ke jIva hI ho sakate haiM- apunarbandhaka, samyagdRSTi, dezavirata aura srvvirt| ina cAra jIvoM ke atirikta anya jIva caityavaMdana ke adhikArI nahIM hote, yahAM taka ki ve dravyavaMdana bhI nahIM kara pAte, kyoMki dravyavaMdana ve hI kara sakate haiM jo bhAvavaMdana kI yogyatA rakhate haiN| apunarbandhaka se bhinna sakRdvandhakAdi jIvoM meM bhAvavaMdana kI yogyatA nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki unakA saMsAra bahuta hotA hai| lekina zAstroM meM sakRdvandhakAdi evaM abhavya jIvoM meM dravyavaMdana kI sambhAvanA mAnI gaI hai| yahAM yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki eka taraphayaha kahanA ki sakRdvandhakAdi jIva dravya-vaMdanA ke adhikArI nahIM haiM aura dUsarI tarapha unake dvArA dravya-vaMdanA kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karanA kyA sAmAnya vyakti ko bhrama meM nahIM DAla detaa| vastutaH, yaha bhrama isalie hotA hai ki pradhAna aura apradhAna dRSTi se dravyavaMdana bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai| dravyavaMdana karane vAle vyakti kA caityavaMdana meM upayoga nahIM hotA hai| usakA upayogarahita arthAt cittavRtti ko unameM jor3e binA kiyA gayA vaMdana vastutaH vaMdana nahIM hai| lekina bhAva-vaMdana karane vAlA vyakti dravya-vaMdana aura bhAva-vaMdana - ina donoM meM hI uparyukta lakSaNoM se yukta hotA hai, kyoMki caityavaMdana ke prati usake mana meM sajagatA hotI hai, yadyapi caityavaMdana ke lakSaNoM meM bhAvapradhAna lakSaNa ko hI pramukhatA dI gaI hai| jisa prakAra zarIra meM amRta ke rasa Adi dhAtu ke rUpa meM pariNamita hone ke pahale hI usake prabhAva se zarIra meM puSTi, kAnti Adi suMdara bhAva dikhate haiM, usI prakAra apunarbandhaka Adi jIvoM meM mokSa kA hetu zubhabhAva rUpa amRta eka bAra utpanna hone para nizcita rUpa se nae-nae zubhabhAva utpanna karatA hai| sahI mAyane meM dekhA jAe to caityavaMdana eka paramasiddhi hai, jisase mokSa jaise paramapada kI prApti hotI hai| caityavaMdana meM 'nAmetthuNaM sUtra', jise praNipAta sUtra bhI kahA jAtA hai, bolane kA vidhAna hai| yaha praNipAta paMcAMgI mudrA meM bolA jAtA hai| isI prakAra caturvizatistava (logassa) yogamudrA meM, 'arihaMta ceiyANaM' Adi sUtra jimudrA meM tathA 'jayavIrAya' sUtra muktAsUkti mudrA sahita bolA jAtA hai| caityavaMdana meM caityavaMdana sambaMdhI kriyAoM, sUtroM ke padoM, akArAdi vargoM, sUtroM ke artha aura jinapratimA- ina pAMcoM ke prati sajagatA (upayoga) Avazyaka hai| yahAM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki ekAgracitta eka samaya meM eka hI viSaya para keMdrita hotA hai, phira

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pAMcoM ke prati sajagatA kaise ho sakatI hai? uttara meM haribhadra kahate haiM ki usa eka viSaya ke atirikta anya viSaya bhI vahAM upasthita hote haiM aura kramika rUpa se sabhI ke prati upayoga rahatA hai| jisa prakAra mUla jvAlA se naI-naI jvAlAeM nikalakara mUla jvAlA se alaga dikhatI haiM, phira bhI unako mUla jvAlA se sambaddha mAnanA par3atA hai, kyoMki alaga huI jvAlA ke paramANu rUpAntarita hokara vahAM avazya rahate haiM, kiMtu dikhalAI nahIM dete haiN| usI prakAra caityavaMdana ke bhinna-bhinna upayoga hone para bhI upayoga kA parAvarta ati tIvra gati se hone ke kAraNa hameM eka hI upayoga jaisA dikhalAI par3atA hai, kiMtu zeSa upayogoM ke bhAva bhI vahAM maujUda hote haiN| vaMdanA mokSa kI prApti meM nimitta hotI hai (jIva bhavya aura abhavya do prakAra ke hote haiN| yathApravRttikaraNa, apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa-pravRttikaraNa hI hotA hai)| mAtra dravya caityavaMdana karane se mokSa nahIM hotA hai| kiMtu zuddhabhAva pUrvaka caityavaMdana karane se hI mokSa hotA hai| caityavaMdana kI isa zuddhatA-azuddhatA ke viSaya para Avazyakaniyukti meM sikke ke prakAroM ko batAte hue prakAza DAlA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki svarNAdi dravya zuddha aura mudrA prAmANika ho to sikkA asalI hotA hai| svarNAdi dravya zuddha hoM, kiMtu mudrA ThIka na ho to rupayA pUrNataH prAmANika to nahIM hotA hai, kiMtu usakA kucha mUlya avazya hotA hai| madrA ThIka ho, kiMtu svarNAdi dravya azuddha hoM to rupayA jAlI yA nakalI kahA jAtA hai| mudrA aura dravya donoM ke hI aprAmANika hone se rupayA khoTA hotA hai, usakA koI mUlya hI nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra zraddhAyukta, spaSTa uccAraNa evaM vidhisahita kI gaI vaMdanA zuddha mudrA ke samAna hai| jo vaMdanA bhAva se yukta ho; paraMtu varNoccAraNa Adi vidhi se azuddha ho, yaha vaMdanA dUsare prakAra kI vaMdanA ke samAna hai| tIsare aura cauthe prakAra kI vaMdanA prAyaH ati duHkhI aura maMda buddhi vAle jIvoM ko hotI hai| tIsare aura cauthe prakAra kI vaMdanA ko lekara vidvAnoM meM mata-bhinnatA dekhane ko milatI hai| kucha AcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki tIsare aura cauthe prakAra kI vaMdanA laukikI hai, to kucha AcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki ye donoM vaMdanAeM jinavaMdanA haiM hI nahIM, kyoMki ina vaMdanAoM meM jo bhAva hone cAhie ve nahIM hote| jahAM taka prathama-dvitIya vaMdanA ko prApta karane kI bAta hai to sabhI jIva use prApta nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki svabhAva (jAti) se bhavya hone para bhI jo bhavya (dUra) haiM, ve jIva isa vaMdanA ko prApta nahIM kara sakate haiN| bhavyatva mAtra se hI mokSa kI prApti hotI ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| yadi aisA hotA to sabhI bhavya jIvoM ko mokSa-prApti ho jaatii| ataH AcAryoM ne kahA hai ki jisa prakAra kisI ko davA denI ho to usakI avasthA dekhanI par3atI hai aura usI anusAra

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ucita mAtrA meM davA dene se lAbha hotA hai, usI prakAra sarvakalyANakArI vaMdanA vidhi-yogya jIvoM ko unakI yogyatAnusAra vidhipUrvaka denI caahie| caturtha paMcAzaka ba ___caturtha paMcAzaka meM 'pUjAvidhi' kA varNa hai, jisake aMtargata pUjA kA kAla, zArIrika zucitA, pUjA-sAmagrI, pUjA-vidhi, stuti-stotra- ina paMcadvAroM kA tathA praNidhAna (saMkalpa) aura pUjA nirdoSatA kA kramazaH vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA prAtaH, madhyAhna aura sAyaMkAla meM pUjA kI jAtI hai, lekina AcArya haribhadra ne yahAM batAyA hai ki naukarI, vyApAra Adi AjIvikA ke kAryoM se jaba bhI samaya mile taba pUjA karanI caahie| yaha apavAdamArga hai, kyoMki AjIvikA-arjana ke samaya pUjA karane se kalyANa kI paramparA kA viccheda hotA hai, jisase gRhastha-jIvana kI sabhI kriyAeM avaruddha ho jAeMgI, kyoMki sampatti ke abhAva meM dAna-pUjA Adi kucha nahIM hogA, isalie jisa samaya AjIvikA sambaMdhI kriyAoM meM vyavadhAna na par3atA ho, usa samaya pUjA karanI caahie| samaya ke atirikta pUjA ke lie zArIrika evaM mAnasika zuddhi kI bhI AvazyakatA hai| zuddhi do prakAra kI hotI hai- dravyazuddhi aura bhaavshuddhi| snAna karake zuddha vastra pahananA dravyazuddhi hai aura apanI sthiti ke anusAra nItipUrvaka prApta dhana se pUjA karanA bhAvazuddhi hai| yadyapi khetI, vyApArAdi se pRthvIkAyika Adi jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, phira bhI vaha hiMsA nahIM mAnI jAtI hai, kyoMki unakA bhAva hiMsA kA nahIM hotA, jisa prakAra kuAM khodane meM bahuta se jIvoM kI hatyA hotI hai, kiMtu kuAM khodane yA khudavAne vAle kA Azaya hiMsA karanA nahIM hotA, balki jala nikAlanA hotA hai| usI prakAra jina-pUjA ke lie snAna karane meM thor3I hiMsA to hotI hai, kiMtu pUjA ke phalasvarUpa puNya baMdha hone se lAbha hI hotA hai| pUjA ke Arambha kA tyAga karane vAle gRhastha ko loka meM jinazAsana kI niMdA aura abodhi nAmaka doSa Ate haiN| isI prakAra nyAya, nIti se rahita azuddha jIvikA ke arjana se bhI doSa lagate haiN| ataH dravyazuddhi aura bhAvazuddhi- donoM prakAroM kI zuddhipUrvaka pUjA karane kA vidhAna hai| pUjA karane ke lie sugaMdhita puSpa, dhUpa Adi sugaMdhita auSadhiyoM tathA vibhinna jaloM (ikSurasa, dUdha, ghI Adi) se jinapratimA ko snAna karAkara apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra pUjA karanI caahie| ihalaukika aura pAralaukika kAryoM meM pAralaukika kArya pradhAna hotA hai| jinapUjA pAralaukika kArya hai, ataH jinapUjA meM uttama sAdhanoM arthAt dravyoM ke upayoga kA sarvottama sthAna hai| pUjA itane Adara se karanI cAhie ki car3hAI gaI

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pUjA kI sAmagrI dekhane meM suMdara lge| jaise- pratyeka vastu kA upayoga acchI taraha se karanA, pUjana-sAmagrI kA dRzya suMdara banAnA, pUjA ke samaya zarIra ko na khujalAnA, nAka se zleSma na nikAlanA vikathA na karanA aadi| AdarapUrvaka evaM sArabhUta-stuti tathA stotrasahita caityavaMdana karane se bhagavAna kA sammAna hotA hai| pUjA karate samaya stutiyoM yA stotroM ke artha kA jJAna yadi hai, to pariNAma zubha hotA hai, lekina jinako artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA unakA bhI ratnajJAnanyAya se pariNAma zuddha hI hotA hai| jisa prakAra jvara Adi kA zamana karane vAle ratnoM ke guNa kA jJAna rogI ko nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI.ratna usake jvara ko zAMta kara detA hai, usI prakAra bhAvarUpI ratnoM se yukta stuti-stotra bhI zubhaMbhAva vAle hone ke kAraNa unake artha kA jJAna nahIM hone para bhI karmarUpI jvara Adi rogoM ko dUra kara dete haiN| ataH zubhabhAva pradhAna stuti-stotrapUrvaka hI caityavaMdana karanA zreyaskara hai| caityavaMdanoparAMta praNidhAna arthAt saMkalpa karanA cAhie, jisase dharmakArya meM pravRtti hotI hai, usameM Ane vAle vighnoM para vijaya hotI hai aura zuru kie gae kArya kI nirvighna siddhi sambhava hotI hai| praNidhAna ko hama nidAna nahIM kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki nidAna meM laukika upalabdhiyoM kI AkAMkSA hotI hai, jabaki praNidhAna meM mAtra Atmavizuddhi kI icchA hotI hai| praNidhAna (saMkalpa) karane se hI niyamataH iSTa kArya kI siddhi hotI hai| praNidhAna se hI dhArmika anuSThAna bhAvarUpa bana jAte haiN| praNidhAna kI vidhi kucha isa prakAra hai- sira se hAthoM kI aMjali lagAkara AdarapUrvaka nimna praNidhAna karanA cAhie- he vItarAga! he jagadguru! ApakI jaya ho! he bhagavan! Apake prabhAva se mujhe bhavanirveda, mArgAnusAritA, iSTaphalasiddhi, loka viruddha pravRttiyoM kA tyAga, gurujana pUjA, parArthakaraNaM, suguru kI prApti ho aura jaba taka mokSa nahIM mile, taba taka niraMtara guru-AjJA ke pAlana kA manobhAva prApta ho| isa prakAra prArthanAgarbhita praNidhAna tabhI taka yogya hai jaba taka bhavanirveda kI prApti nahIM hotii| bhavanirvedAdi guNoM kI upalabdhi ke bAda mAMga karane ko kucha bhI nahIM raha jAtA hai| yadi koI jIva tIrthaMkaroM kI samRddhi dekhakara yA sunakara usa samRddhi ko pAne kI icchA se tIrthaMkara banane kI prArthanA karatA hai to vaha rAga-yukta hai, kyoMki usameM upakAra karane kI nahIM, apitu samRddhi prApta karane kI bhAvanA hotI hai, jisase tIrthaMkaratva ke bajAe pApakarma baMdha hotA hai, kiMtu yaha bhI saca hai ki lokahita kI bhAvanA se tIrthaMkara banane kI icchA vAlA jIva tIrthaMkara nAmakarma bAMdhakara aneka jIvoM kA hitakArI banatA hai| isa dRSTi se dekhA jAe to tIrthaMkara banane kI abhilASA arthApatti se dharmadezanAdi, anuSThAna se pravRttirUpa hai, isalie vaha doSarahita hai|

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jahAM taka pUjA karane meM kathaMcit hiMsA kI bAta hai, to yaha jAna lenA bhI Avazyaka hai ki gRhasthoM ke lie jinapUjA nirdoSa hai, kyoMki gRhastha kRSi Adi asadArambha meM pravRtti karate haiM, jabaki jinapUjA se ve usa asadArambha se nivRtta hote haiM, ataH jinapUjA nivRttirUpa phala hai| yadi koI yaha socatA hai ki zarIra, ghara, putra, strI Adi dvArA jIva hiMsA meM merI pravRtti hai, isalie maiM jinapUjA nahIM karUMgA, to yaha usakI mUrkhatA hai| mokSAbhilASI ko pramAdarahita bhAva se Agamasammata vidhi dvArA bhagavAn jinendradeva kI pUjA avazya karanI caahie| jisa prakAra mahAsamudra meM pheMkI gaI jala kI eka bUMda kA bhI nAza nahIM hotA, usI prakAra jinoM ke guNarUpI samudra meM pUjA akSaya hI hotI hai| pUjA meM pUjya ko koI lAbha ho yA na ho, lekina pUjaka ko avazya hotA hai| jisa prakAra agni Adi ke sevana se agni ko koI lAbha prApta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra jinendradeva kI pUjA karane se bhale hI jinendradeva ko koI lAbha na ho, para unakI pUjA karane vAle ko lAbha avazya hotA hai, ataH jinendra kI pUjA karanI caahie| pUjA karane se devAdhideva jinendra bhagavAn ke prati sammAna jagatA hai, jina, gaNadhara, cakravartI Adi uttama padoM kI prApti hotI hai aura utkRSTa dharma kI prasiddhi hotI hai| paMcama paMcAzaka paMcama paMcAzaka meM 'pratyAkhyAnavidhi' kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| pratyAkhyAna, niyama aura cAritradharma samAnArthaka haiN| pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai- 'Atmahita kI dRSTi se pratikUla pravRtti ke tyAga kI maryAdApUrvaka pratijJA krnaa|' mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa ke AdhAra para isake do bheda hote haiN| sAdhu ke mahAvrata aura zrAvaka ke aNuvrata mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna haiM tathA piNDa vizuddhi Adi guNa sAdhu ke aura digvirati ityAdi vrata zrAvaka ke uttaraguNa haiN| navakAra porasI, parimuDDa, ekAsana, ekaThANa, AyaMbila, abhatta, acitta pAnI AgAra, carima, abhigraha tathA vikRti (vigaya)- ye dasa pratyAkhyAna haiM, jo kAla kI maryAdApUrvaka kie jAne ke kAraNa kAlika pratyAkhyAna kahalAte haiN| vidhipUrvaka grahaNa, AgAra, sAmAyika, bheda, bhoga, niyama-pAlana aura anubaMdha- ye sAta dvAra haiM, jinake AdhAra para kAlika pratyAkhyAna kI vidhi batAI gaI hai 1. grahaNadvAra - ucita guru ke pAsa ucita avasara para vinaya evaM upayoga se guru dvArA bole gae pATha ko svayaM bolate hue grahaNa karanA grahaNadvAra kahalAtA hai|

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2. AgAradvAra - AgAra arthAt apavAda yA chuutt| pratyAkhyAna lete samaya apavAda isalie rakhe jAte haiM, tAki vizeSa paristhitivaza bhaMga kA doSa na lage AgAradvAra ke aMtargata kAlika pratyAkhyAna meM pratyeka ke lie alaga-alaga apavAdoM kA ullekha hotA hai| (ka) navakAra - sUryodaya hone ke 48 minaTa pazcAt navakAra ginakara pUrNa ho jAne taka AhAra kA tyAga krnaa| sUryodaya ke bAda do ghar3I pUrNa honA aura navakAra maMtra ginakara donoMko hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, tabhI pratyAkhyAna pUrA hotA hai| (kha) porisI (pauruSI) - puruSa ke zarIra ke barAbara chAyA jisa samaya ho, vaha kAla pauruSI kahalAtA hai, arthAt sUryodaya ke bAda dina kA eka-cauthAI bhAga sampanna ho jAne para puruSa kI chAyA usake zarIra kI lambAI ke barAbara ho jAtI hai, usI samaya ko hI pauruSI yA prahara kahate haiN| (ga) parimuDDa-avaDDa - sUryodaya se dopahara taka AhAra kA tyAga karanA parimuDha pratyAkhyAna evaM sUryodaya se tIna prahara taka AhAra kA tyAga avaDDa kahalAtA hai| : (gha) ekAsaNa-biyAsaNa - eka hI sthAna para baiThakara eka hI bAra bhojana karanA ekAsana kahalAtA hai aura eka hI Asana para baiThakara do bAra bhojana karanA biyAsaNa hai| - (Da.) ekaThANa - eka hI sthAna para baiThakara bhojana karanA ekaThANa hotA hai| isameM muMha aura hAtha ke atirikta koI aMga nahIM hilatA hai evaM cauvihArI hotA hai| vahIM ekAsana meM dUsare aMga hilate haiM tathA vaha tivihArI bhI hotA hai| (ca) AyaMbila - bhAta, ur3ada Adi ke sAtha mAMDa yA khaTTArasa upayoga meM lAnA AyaMbila pratyAkhyAna hai| (cha) abhaktArtha - jisameM bhojana kA koI upayoga nahIM hotA hai, vaha upavAsa pratyAkhyAna hai| upavAsa tivihAra aura cauvihAra donoM prakAra kA ho sakatA hai| (ja) pAnI kA AgAra - muniyoM ko sadaiva tathA gRhasthoM ko ekAsana, upavAsa Adi meM acitta pAnI kA hI prayoga karanA caahie| acitta pAnI kA prayoga hI pAnI kA AgAra kahalAtA hai| (jha) carima - carima arthAt aNtim| yaha dina aura vartamAna bhava donoM kA ho sakatA hai| dina ke aMtima bhAga arthAt sUryAsta taka kiyA gayA pratyAkhyAna divasa-carima 20

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aura jIvana ke aMtima samaya meM kiyA gayA pratyAkhyAna bhava-carima kahalAtA hai| (ba) abhigraha - vizeSa prakAra kA niyama yA pratijJA lenA abhigraha pratyAkhyAna kahalAtA hai| (Ta) vigaya - vigaya yAnI vikRti utpanna karane vAle AhAra kA tyAga karanA pratyAkhyAna haiM vigaya dasa haiM- dahI, ghI, dUdha, tela, gur3a, talI huI vastueM, makkhana, madhu, mAMsa aura mdiraa| inameM se aMtima cAra vigaya mahAvigaya haiM aura abhakSya bhI haiN| 3. sAmAyika dvAra - sAmAyika meM sabhI padArthoM para samabhAva hotA hai| mana, vacana aura kAyapUrvakaM jIvanaparyanta sarvasAvadha yoga ke tyAga rUpa sAmAyika kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| sarvasAvadyayoga ke tyAga ke kAraNa sAmAyika meM pratyeka pravRtti samabhAvapUrvaka hone se AgAroM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| .. 4. bheda dvAra - jJAna Adi kI siddhi ke lie AhAra ke cAroM - azana, pAna, khAdima aura svAdima- bhedoM kA jJAna honA cAhie, jisase AhAra kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA jA ske| 5. bhogadvAra - zarIra kI jaba tInoM dhAtueM- vAta, pitta aura kapha sama ho jAeM, tabhI zAMtacitta hokara bhojana karanA caahie| bhojana se pUrva jo bhI kriyAeM karane kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA hai, usako karake, bar3oM kI AjJA lekara hI bhojana karanA caahie| . 6. svayaMpAlana dvAra- AhAra pratyAkhyAna grahaNa karake svayaM usakA pAlana karanA aura dUsaroM ko AhAra dene va anya sAdhuoM ko kahAM se AhAra milegA, ina saba bAtoM ko batAnA caahie| sAdhuoM kI bImArI meM sevA karanA, unake lie kalpya AhAra lAnA Adi kArya karane caahie| ThIka isI prakAra zrAvakoM ko bhI yathA sAmarthya dAna denA caahie| yadi sAmarthya na ho to dAna dene vAle zraddhAluoM ke ghara batAnA va binA bhedabhAva ke sabhI ko samAna rUpa meM dAna denA caahie| 7. anubaMdha dvAra - mAnasika aura zArIrika udAsInatA se rahita hokara jo ucita prayatna karatA hai, usake pratyAkhyAna meM anubaMdha kA bhAva hotA hai| guru kI AjJA ke anurUpa kAryoM se alaga kArya karane para bhI pratyAkhyAna hotA hai| guru dvArA kahA gayA kArya hI pramukha hotA hai| . jo vastu vyakti ke pAsa nahIM hai, usakA pratyAkhyAna bhI lAbhaprada hI hotA hai, kyoMki aisA nahIM hotA hai ki jo vastu vartamAna meM nahIM hai, vaha bhaviSya meM bhI prApta nahIM hogii|

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ataH isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI pratyAkhyAna karanA caahie| bhavaviraha kI icchA vAle jIva kA vidyamAna yA avidyamAna sambaMdhI sabhI vastuoM kA pratyAkhyAna saphala hotA hai, kyoMki vaha mokSa kI abhilASA se una sabakA pratyAkhyAna karatA hai| SaSTha paMcAzaka SaSTha paMcAzaka meM haribhadra ne stuti yA stavanavidhi' kA varNana kiyA hai| dravya aura bhAva kI dRSTi se stavana bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai| zAstrokta-vidhipUrvaka jinamaMdira kA nirmANa, jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThA, tIrthoM kI yAtrA, jinapratimAoM kI pUjA karanA Adi dravyastava haiM tathA mana, vacana aura karma se virakta bhAva yA vItarAgatA kI upAsanA karanA bhAvastava hai| dravyastava bhAvastava kA nimitta kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, jinamaMdira kA nirmANa evaM jinendradeva kI pUjA Adi se bhAva-vizuddhi hotI hai, phlataH ve bhAvastava ke nimitta kAraNa haiN| dravyastava na kevala bhAvastava kA nimitta kAraNa hai, balki AptavacanoM ke pAlana aura unake prati Adara bhAvarUpa hone se bhAvastava bhI hai| aucityarahita AdarabhAva se sarvathA zUnya anuSThAna bhale hI vaha jinendradeva se sambaMdhita kyoM na ho, dravyastava bhI nahIM kahe jA sakate haiM, kyoMki AsthA zUnya anuSThAnoM kA koI mUlya nahIM hotA hai| yadi Aptavacana ke viparIta anuSThAnoM ko dravyastava kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai, to Aptavacana ke viparIta hiMsAdi kriyAeM sabhI dravyastava ke aMtargata A jaaeNgii| ataH jo anuSThAna bhAvastava kA kAraNa na bane vaha anuSThAna dravyastava nahIM hai, kyoMki zAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki jisameM bhAvarUpa meM pariNita hone kI yogyatA ho use 'dravya' zabda se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| jaise miTTI kA piNDa dravya hai, kyoMki usameM ghaTa banane kI yogyatA hai, kiMtu isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM samajha lenA cAhie ki dravya kA prayoga ekamAtra yogyatA ke hI artha meM hotA hai, kabhI-kabhI usakA prayoga ayogyatA ke artha meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai, jaise- aMgAramardaka AcArya mukti kI yogyatA se rahita hone ke kAraNa jIvanabhara dravyAcArya hI rhe| phalataH dravyastava bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- pradhAna aura aprdhaan| jo bhAvastava kA hetu hai vaha pradhAna dravyastava hai aura jo bhAvastava kA hetu banane kI yogyatA nahIM rakhatA hai, vaha apradhAna dravya stavya hai| phira bhI haribhadra yaha mAnate haiM ki apradhAna dravyastava se bhI alpakAla kI prApti hotI hai, kyoMki vItarAga bhagavAn viSayaka koI bhI anuSThAna cAhe vaha jinAjJA ke anurUpa na ho to bhI sarvathA niSphala nahIM jAtA hai| vaha bhI manojJa phala detA hai, cAhe vaha alpa hI kyoM na ho| kyoMki jo phala dUsare kAraNoM se milatA hai, vahI phala vItarAga (92)

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sambaMdhI anuSThAna se mile, to phira vItarAga sambaMdhI anuSThAna kI vizeSatA hI kyA raha jAegI? yahAM yaha prazna bhI uTha sakatA hai ki yadi bhAvastava kA kAraNa nahIM banane vAle anuSThAna dravyastava haiM', yaha bAta mAna lI jAtI hai, to phira bhAvastava kA kAraNa banane vAle jinabhavana-nirmANa Adi anuSThAnoM ko bhAva-stava kyoM nahIM mAnA jAtA? ye anuSThAna bhI Aptakathita hone ke kAraNa sAdhuoM kI glAna-sevA, svAdhyAya Adi kAryoM ke samAna hote haiM aura sAdhuoM ke uparyukta kArya Agama meM bhAvastava kahe jAte haiN| isake uttara meM haribhadra kahate haiM ki sAdhuoM ke uparyukta kAryoM se hone vAle zubha adhyavasAya kI apekSA jinabhavana-nirmANa Adi anuSThAnoM se hone vAle zubha adhyavasAya kama hote haiM, kyoMki unameM AMzika rUpa se Arambha bhI hotA hai| isalie ve dravyastava hI haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAdhuoM kA kArya Asakti Adi kaluSita bhAvoM evaM hiMsA Adi pApakarmoM se sarvathA rahita tathA Agama meM praNIta mahAvratAdi meM pravRttirUpa hone se sarvathA zuddha hI hotA hai| isalie sAdhu kA kriyA-vyApAra sarvathA nirdoSa mAnA jAtA hai, jabaki parigraha aura Arambha se yukta gRhasthoM kA kriyA-vyApAra alpazuddha hotA hai| isalie vaha dravyastava hI hai| dravyastava bAhya dravyoM kI apekSA rakhane vAlA hone ke kAraNa kar3avI auSadhi ke samAna dIrghakAlIna bhavaroga ko upazamita karane vAlA hai, jabaki bhAvastava auSadhi ke binA hI pathya mAtra se usa bhavaroga ko nirmUla karane meM sakSama hai| dravyastava se puNyAnubaMdhI puNyakarma kA baMdha hotA hai, usake udaya se sugati Adi milatI hai aura paramparA se thor3e samaya ke bAda bhAvastava kA yoga bhI milatA hai| dravyastava aura bhAvastava meM yaha bheda hote hue bhI donoM eka-dUsare se sambaddha haiM, kyoMki dravyastava kA adhikArI gRhastha hotA hai aura bhAvastava kA sAdhu, kiMtu gauNa rUpa se gRhastha ko bhI bhAvastava hotA hai aura sAdhu ko bhI dravyastava hotA hai| jisa prakAra jina-bhavana Adi nirmANa bhagavAn ko abhimata haiM, usI prakAra sAdhuoM ko jina-bimba darzana Adi sambaMdhI dravyastava anumodanIya haiN| Agama meM isake pramANa upalabdha hote haiN| sAdhu ke lie bhI apanI maryAdAnukUla dravyastava saMgata hai, kyoMki caityavaMdana Adi meM sUtrapATha ke uccAraNa ke rUpa meM dravyastava na ho to vaha nirarthaka hotA hai, kyoMki Agama meM sUtrapATha ke uccAraNa ke binA vaMdanA nahIM kahI gaI hai| isalie sAdhu bhI stavana-pATharUpa dravyastava kareM, yaha zAstrasammata hai, kiMtu muniyoM ke lie jo (93)

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ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM kA pUrNataH pAlana karate haiM, dravyapUjA rUpa sAkSAt dravyastava kA vidhAna nahIM hai, kyoMki muniyoM meM bhAva ko hI pradhAnatA mAnI gaI hai| isalie muniyoM ke lie bhAva se hI pUjA karanA upayukta hai, kyoMki puSpa, dIpa, dhUpa Adi dravyastava haiM aura isameM Arambha (hiMsA) hone se sAdhuoM ke lie inakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| lekina ve dUsaroM se aisA dravyastava karavA sakate haiN| tAtparya yaha ki sAdhuoM ko puSpAdi se svayaM pUjA karane kA niSedha hai, kiMtu dUsaroM se karavAne kA niSedha nahIM hai| sahI mAyane meM dekhA jAe, to jisa prakAra sAdhu kA bhAvastava dravyastava se yukta hai, usI prakAra yogya gRhastha kA dravyastava bhI bhAvastava se yukta hai, aisA jinavacana hai| koI bhI dravyastava bhagavAn ke prati bahumAnarUpa bhAva se yukta hotA hai arthAt dravyastava se utpanna hone vAlA yaha bhAva hI bhAvastava bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra dravyastava ko bhI bhAva se yukta hone ke kAraNa bhAvastava kahA jA sakatA hai| dravyastava rUpa caityavaMdana, stuti, pUjA Adi se aMzataH zubhabhAva avazya hotA hai| cUMki bhagavAn mahanIya guNoM se yukta haiM, isalie ve dravyastava ke yogya haiM- ise acchI taraha jAnakara jo jIva vidhipUrvaka dravyastava meM pravRtti karate haiM, unakI AMzika bhAvavizuddhi anubhavasiddha hai, yaha bhAvavizuddhi jinaguNoM meM anumodana se hotI hai| isa prakAra dravyastava aura bhAvastava pRthak hote hue bhI abhinna haiN| isalie sAdhuoM aura zrAvakoM ko dravyastava aura bhAvastava donoM karanA caahie| saptama paMcAzaka haribhadra ne sAtaveM paMcAzaka meM 'jinabhavana-nirmANavidhi' kA varNana kiyA hai| jinabhavana-nirmANa ke lie nirmAtA kI kucha yogyatAeM Avazyaka haiN| haribhadra ke anusAra jinabhavana-nirmANa karAne kA adhikArI vahI vyakti hai jo gRhastha ho, zubhabhAva vAlA ho, jinadharma para zraddhA rakhatA ho, samRddha ho, kulIna ho, kaMjUsa na ho, dhairyavAna ho, buddhimAna ho, dharmAnurAgI ho, deva, guru aura dharma kI bhakti karane meM tatpara ho aura zuzrUSAdi ATha guNoM se yukta ho| sAtha hI AgamAnusAra jinabhavana ke nirmANa-vidhi kA jJAtA ho| apane tathA dUsaroM ke hita ke lie jinamaMdira banavAne vAle nirmAtA meM ukta guNoM kA honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki ayogya vyakti jinabhavana kA nirmANa karavAegA to jinAjJA kA bhaMga hone se doSa kA bhAgI hogaa| yogya vyakti ko jinabhavana kA nirmANa karavAte dekhakara kucha guNAnurAgI mokSamArga ko prApta karate haiM, to dUsare guNAnurAgarUpa zubhapariNAma se mokSaprApti ke lie bIjasvarUpa samyag darzana Adi ko prApta karate haiN| sarvajJa deva dvArA svIkRta jinazAsana ke 24

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prati jo zubhabhAva haiM, vaha zubhabhAva samyagdarzana kA hetu banate haiN| ataH jina-maMdira ke nirmANa meM kama se kama doSa lage, aisI sAvadhAnI rakhanI caahie| isa sambaMdha meM haribhadra ne pAMca dvAroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai 1. bhUmizuddhidvAra - bhUmizuddhi do prakAra se hotI hai- dravya aura bhaav| kisI bhUmi yA kSetra kA sadAcArI logoM ke rahane lAyaka honA tathA kATe, haDDiyAM Adi se rahita honA dravyazuddhi hai aura vahAM jinabhavana banavAne meM dUsare logoM ko koI Apatti na honA yaha bhAvazuddhi hai| ayogya kSetra meM jinamaMdira-nirmANa se jinamaMdira kI na to vRddhi hotI hai aura na hI vahAM sAdhu Ate haiN| yadi kabhI Ate bhI haiM, to unake AcAra kA nAza hotA hai, pha lataH jinazAsana kI niMdA hotI hai| ataH sadaiva yogya kSetra meM hI jina-maMdira banavAnA caahie| 2. dalavizuddhidvAra - dala sAmagrI ko kahate haiN| jinamaMdira-nirmANa ke lie kASTha, patthara Adi kA zuddha honA bhI Avazyaka hai| kASThAdi kharIdate samaya hone vAle zakuna aura apazakuna sAmagrI kI zuddhi-azuddhi jAnane ke upAya haiN| 3. bhUtakAnatisandhAnadvAra - jinamaMdira-nirmANa sambaMdhI koI bhI kArya karAte samaya majadUroM kA zoSaNa nahIM karanA caahie| adhika majadUrI dene se ve prasanna hokara adhika kArya karate haiN| isase jinazAsana kI prazaMsA hotI hai, phalataH kucha loga jinazAsana ke prati AkarSita hokara bodhibIja arthAt samyagdarzana ko prApta karate haiN| isa prakAra jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA hotI hai| - 4. svAzayavRddhidvAra- jinabhavana-nirmANa ke samaya jineMdradeva ke guNoM kA yathArtha jJAna evaM jinabimba kI pratiSThA ke lie kI gaI pravRtti se hone vAlA zubha pariNAma svAzayavRddhi hai| . 5. yatanAdvAra- jinabhavana ke nirmANa hetu lakar3I lAnA, bhUmi khodanA kAryoM meM jIva-hiMsA na ho yA kama se kama ho, isake lie sAvadhAnI rakhanI cAhie, kyoMki jIvarakSA hI dharma kA sAra hai| yatamA dharma ke pAlana ke lie Avazyaka hai, kyoMki bhagavAn ne yatanA meM hI dharma batAyA hai| yatanA pravRttirUpa hone para bhI nivRttimArga kI sAdhaka hai, kyoMki yatanA se ArambhAdika hiMsA alpatama hotI hai aura isase aneka doSa dUra ho jAte haiM, isI kAraNa yaha yatanA paramArtha se nivRttipradhAna hI hai| * isa prakAra bhUmi-zuddhi Adi meM vidhipUrvaka sAvadhAnI rakhane vAle vyakti kI

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jinamaMdira-nirmANa sambaMdhI pravRttiyoM kI jIvahiMsA hone para bhI vaha pAparUpa nahIM hotI hai, ataH paramArtha se to vaha ahiMsA hI hai| isI prakAra jinapUjA, jinamahotsava Adi sambaMdhI pravRttiyoM meM alpatama hiMsA hote hue bhI ve adhika jIvahiMsA se nivRtti karAne vAlI hone ke kAraNa paramArtha se ahiMsaka hI mAnI jAtI haiN| ataH zrAvaka ko mukti na milane taka devagati aura manuSyagati meM abhyudaya aura kalyANa kI satat paramparA ko banAe rakhane hetu jinabhavana kA nirmANa karavAnA cAhie, kyoMki antataH usase mokSa milatA hai| .. . jinabhavana meM jinabimbapratiSThA ke bhAva se upArjita puNyAnubaMdhI puNya ke phala se jIva ko sadA devaloka Adi sugati kI hI prApti hotI hai, arthAt jaba taka mokSa na mile taba taka vaha devaloka yA manuSyaloka meM hI utpanna hotA hai| jinabhavana ke nimitta sAdhuoM kA Agamana ho to svAbhAvika rUpa se guNAnurAga hotA hai aura nae-nae guNoM kA prakaTana hotA hai| jina-bhavana se dUsare loga bhI pratibodha ko prApta karate haiM, jo dhana jinamaMdira meM laga rahA hai vahI merA hai, aise zubhabhAva se upArjita zubhakarma ke vipAka se jIva svIkRta cAritra kA aMta taka nirvAha karatA hai| mRtyuparyaMta vidhipUrvaka saMyama kA pAlana karanA nizcayanaya se cAritrArAdhanA hai| isakI ArAdhanA karane vAle jIva sAta yA ATha bhavoM se janma-maraNAdi se yukta hokara zAzvata sukhavAle mokSapada ko prApta karate haiN|' aSTama paMcAzaka haribhadra ne AThaveM paMcAzaka meM 'jinabimbapratiSThAvidhi' kA varNana kiyA hai| yaha vidhi do bhAgoM meM vibhakta he- (1) jinabimba-nirmANa kI vidhi tathA (2) jinbimbprtisstthaavidhi| bhagavAn jina ke vItarAgatA, tIrthapravartana Adi guNoM ko guru ke dvArA sunane aura jAnane ke pazcAt vyakti yaha socatA hai ki bhagavAn jineMdradeva atizaya guNa sampanna hote haiM, unake bimba kA darzana karanA kalyANakArI hotA hai, unake prati zubhabhAva rakhane se zubha-karmoM kA anubaMdha hotA hai| ataH jinabimba banavAnA manuSya kA kartavya hai aura yahI manuSya janma kI sArthakatA hai| AcArya haribhadra ke anusAra jinabimba nirmANa karavAne vAle ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha kisI nirdoSa caritra vAle zilpI se hI bimba kA nirmANa karavAe aura use paryApta pArizramika deN| yadi nirdoSa caritra vAlA zilpI nahIM milatA hai aura dUSita caritra vAle zilpakAra se jinabimba kA nirmANa karavAnA par3e, to usakA pArizramika pUrva hI nirdhArita kara denA caahie| use vaha dhanarAzi bhI anAja Adi ke rUpa meM deM, tAki vaha use pApakarma meM kharca na kara ske| yadi aisA nahIM hotA hai to dUSita

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caritravAlA zilpI usa dhanarAzi se pAparUpa pravRttiyoM meM saMlagna rahatA hai aura phalataH ananta bhavabhramaNa karate hue usa nimitta dAruNa duHkha ko bhogatA hai| isalie aise zilpI ko khAdyAnna Adi ke rUpa meM pArizramika nirdhArita kie binA niyukta nahIM karanA caahie| jisa prakAra kisI atyaMta bImAra vyakti ko apathya bhojana denA ucita nahIM hai, usI prakAra bhalI-bhAMti vicArakara jo kArya kA pariNAma kisI ke lie dAruNa duHkha kA kAraNa ho, vaha karaNIya nahIM hotaa| ataH jina-AjJAnusAra kArya karanA sarAhanIya hotA hai| yadi ajJAnavaza kabhI bhUla se AjJA ke viparIta kArya ho bhI jAtA hai to karane vAlA doSI nahIM samajhA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha AjJA kA ArAdhaka hotA hai aura usakA pariNAma zuddha hotA hai| AjJAnusAra pravRtti karane vAle ko tIrthaMkara ke prati bahumAna hotA hai aura tIrthaMkara ke prati bahumAna hone ke kAraNa usake pariNAma (manobhAva) zuddha hote haiN| sAdhu yA zrAvaka se sambaMdhita koI bhI pravRtti yadi apanI mati ke anusAra kI jAtI hai, to vaha AjJArahita hone se saMsAra kA nimitta hotI hai| ataH mokSAbhilASI ko jina kI AjJAnusAra hI prayatna yA puruSArtha karanA caahie| - isa prakAra bhalIbhAMti nirmita jinabimba kI zubha muhUrta meM candanAdi kA vilepana karake mAMgalika gItoM ke bIca vidhipUrvaka sthApanA karanI cAhie, usake cAroM ora svarNamudrA, ratna tathA jala se paripUrNa cAra kalaza, jinameM puSpa aura kacce dhAge baMdhe hoM, rakhakara bimba ke samakSa ganne ke Tukar3e, miSThAnna, jau, caMdana Adi kA svastika banAkara ghI, gur3a Adi se yukta maMgala dIpa prajvalita karanA caahie| itanI kriyA ho jAne ke pazcAt pratimA ke hAtha meM mAMgalika kaMkana bAMdhakara uttama vastra dhAraNa karAkara adhivAsita jinabimba kA cAra pavitra nAriyoM dvArA proMkhana karanA caahie| yaha kahA jAtA hai ki proMkhana karane vAlI striyoM ko kabhI bhI vaidhavya aura dAridraya prApta nahIM hotA hai| adhivAsana ke samaya caMdana, kapUra, puSpa, nAriyala Adi uttama dravyoM, vastra, AbhUSaNa Adi vidhi prakAra ke upahAroM aura bhaktibhAvaparaka uttama racanAoM se jineMdradeva ke vaibhava ko prakaTa karake jinabimba kI utkRSTa pUjA karanI caahie| utkRSTa pUjA (mUlamaMgala) ke pazcAt caityavaMdana karanA caahie| vardhamAna-stuti bolane ke pazcAt zAsanadeviyoM kI ArAdhanA ke lie ekAgracitta hokara kAyotsarga karanA cAhie, phira maMgaloccAraNapUrvaka jinabimba kI pratiSThA karanI caahie| jinabimba kI yaha pratiSThA sarya-caMdra kI pratiSThA kI hI bhAMti zAzvata hai| pratiSThoparAMta AzIrvAda ke lie siddhoM kI stuti rUpa unakI aneka upamAoM vAlI maMgalagAthAeM bolanI caahie| ina maMgalagAthAoM ko bolane se iSTa kI siddhi hotI hai| maMgalagAthAeM (97)

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bolI jAeM ise lekara vidvAnoM meM matabhinya hai| kucha AcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki ye maMgalagAthAeM pUrNakalaza, maMgaladIpa Adi rakhate samaya bolI jAnI cAhie, to kucha AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki paramArtha se jineMdradeva hI maMgalarUpa haiM, isalie pratyeka kArya karane se pUrva bhAvapUrvaka jineMdradeva kI stutirUpa maMgalagAthAoM kA pATha karanA caahie| jinabimba kI pUjA ke uparAMta saMgha kI pUjA karane kA vidhAna hai, kyoMki zAstroM meM aisA varNana AyA hai ki tIrthaMkara ke bAda pUjya ke rUpa meM saMgha kA sthAna hai| AgamoM meM tIrthaMkara dvArA saMgha ko namaskAra karane ke ullekha milate haiN| saMghapUjA meM sabhI pUjyoM kI pUjA ho jAtI hai| yahAM saMgha kA abhiprAya sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke samUha rUpa saMgha se nahIM hai, apitu unake guNa samUha rUpa saMgha se hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tIrthaMkara bhI dezanA ke pahale 'namo titthassa' kahakara gurubhAva se saMgha ko namaskAra karate haiN| isa taraha binA kisI bhedabhAva ke guNoM ke nidhAnarUpa saMgha kI pUjA karanI caahie| saMgha-pUjA sarva dAnoM meM mahAdAna hai| yahI gRhastha dharma kA sAra hai aura yahI sampatti kA sadupayoga hai| saMgha-pUjA kA mukhya phala to mokSa hI hai, kiMtu usase deva aura manuSya zubhagatirUpa AnuSaMgika phala kI prApti hotI hai| isa prakAra jinabimba kI pratiSThA ke pazcAt bhI svajanoM aura sahadharmiyoM ke prati uttama vAtsalyabhAva rakhanA caahie| pratiSThA ke avasara para zuddhabhAva se ATha dinoM taka mahotsava karanA cAhie, kiMtu kucha AcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki yaha mahotsava tIna dina taka karanA caahie| taduparAMta pratidina zAstrokta vidhi se caityavaMdana, snAtra-pUjA Adi karanI cAhie, jisase bhava-viraha arthAt saMsAra se mukti prApta ho| navama paMcAzaka naveM paMcAzaka meM haribhadra ne yAtrAvidhi' kA varNana kiyA hai| yahAM yAtrA se abhiprAya mokSarUpI phala pradAtA jina kI zobhAyAtrA se hai| jina kI zobhAyAtrA vaha mahotsava hai, jo jina ko uddiSTa karake kiyA jAtA hai| jina kI upAsanA kA AdhAra samyak darzana hai aura niHzaMkita, niHkAMkSita, nirvicikitsA, amUDhadRSTi, upabRMhaNA, sthirIkaraNa, vAtsalya aura prabhAvanA - ye ATha AcAra (bheda) batAe gae haiN| inameM bhI prabhAvanA pradhAna hai, kyoMki jo niHzaMkita Adi guNoM se yukta hai, vahI jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA kara sakatA hai| jinayAtrA jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke nimitta kiyA gayA hai, jo eka viziSTa mahotsava hai| dAna, 98

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tapa, zarIra-zobhA, ucita gItavAdya, stuti-stotra, prekSaNaka Adi isake chaH dvAra haiM, jinakA yathAzakti pAlana karanA caahie| jinayAtrA sambaMdhI ina chaH kriyAoM ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki isa hetu sarvaprathama rAjAjJA-prApta kI jAe, binA rAjA kI AjJA ke usake Adeza meM jina kI zobhAyAtrA nikAlanA ucita nahIM hai| rAjA ke usake bhUbhAga meM inake karane hetu anumati prApta karanA Agama sammata hai| isase usa deza meM vicaraNa karane vAle sAdhuoM ko nimnAMkita lAbha hote haiM ... (1) tIsare mahAvrata kA niraticAra pAlana hotA hai aura jinAjJA kI ArAdhanA hone se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai, (2) ina kAryoM meM zatra ke upadrava Adi kA bhaya nahIM rahatA hai, (3) rAjA ke dvArA sAdhu kA sammAna hone se loka meM bhI usa sAdhu kA sammAna hotA hai, ataH sAdhu ko rAjA ke pAsa jAkara jaina zAsana se aviruddha usake vinaya, dAkSiNya aura sajjanatA Adi guNoM kI prazaMsA karanI cAhie tathA kahanA cAhie- he zreSTha puruSa! manuSya ke rUpa meM to sabhI manuSya samAna hote haiM, phira bhI Apane viziSTa puNyakarma se manuSyoM ke rAjA banane kA saubhAgya prApta kiyA hai| manuSya aura devaloka sambaMdhI sabhI sampradAoM kI upalabdhi kA kAraNa dharma hai aura dharma hI saMsAra-rUpI samudra ko pAra karAne vAlA jahAja hai| ataH Apa dharmakAya meM sahayogI bneN| sAdhu ke isa prakAra ke vacana se prabhAvita ho rAjA usa mahotsava ke prasaMga meM yA sarvadA ke lie jIvahiMsAdi kA nivAraNa karatA hai| isa prakAra jineMdradeva kI yAtrA ke avasara para rAjAjJA se athavA dhanAdi dekara bhI hiMsAdi kArya rukavAne kA prayatna karanA caahie| saMgha ko rAjA se milakara hiMsA baMda karavAne vAle AcArya yA zrAvakoM kA aMtaHkaraNa se sammAna karanA caahie| una mahApuruSoM ke sammAna se guNoM kI anumodanA hotI hai aura hiMsA nivAraNarUpa vizeSa bhAva hone se karmakSaya hote haiN| jainadharma meM tIrthaMkaroM ke pAMca kalyANaka divasa mAne gae haiM- (1) tIrthaMkaroM kA garbha meM Agamana, (2) unakA janma, (3) abhiniSkramaNa, (4) kevalajJAna aura (5) moksspraapti| ina kalyANakoM ke dinoM meM jina kI zobhAyAtrA nikAlanA zreyaskara mAnA jAtA hai| ina dinoM meM jina-yAtrA karane se nimna lAbha hote haiM . (1) tIrthaMkara kA loka meM sammAna hotA hai, (2) deva, iMdra Adi dvArA nirvAhita paramparA kA anumodana hotA hai, (4) jinamahotsava gambhIra sahetuka haiM- aisI loka meM prasiddhi hotI hai, (5) jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA hotI hai aura (6) jinayAtrA meM bhAga lene se vizuddha mArgAnusArI guNoM ke pAlana sambaMdhI adhyavasAya utpanna hote haiN| vizuddha mArgAnusArI (99

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guNoM ke pAlana se sabhI vAMchita karmoM kI siddhi hotI hai| arhatoM ne vizuddha mArgAnusArI bhAva ko sakala vAMchita kAryoM kI siddhi kA sapha la hetu kahA hai| kalyANaka divasoM meM jinamahotsava karane se tIrthaMkara kA loka meM ati sammAna hotA hai| isalie ina dinoM meM jinabimba se yukta ratha, zibikA Adi mahotsavapUrvaka nagara meM ghumAnI caahie| yaha eka utkRSTa kriyA hai, jise kalyANaka ke dinoM meM iMdrAdi devoM ne bhI kiyA hai| isalie durlabha manuSyayoni pAne ke bAda kalyANaka ke dinoM meM jinayAtrA avazya nikAlanI caahie| zAstravacana evaM pUrvajoM kI paramparA kA anusaraNa na karanA unakA apamAna karanA hai| ataH zraddhAlu evaM sajjana manuSyoM ko gurumukha se jinayAtrA mahotsavavidhi ko jAnakara jimayAtrAoM kA Ayojana karanA caahie| dazama paMcAzaka dasaveM paMcAzaka meM 'upAsaka pratimAvidhi' kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dazAzrutaskaMdha meM AcArya bhadrabAhu ne nimna gyAraha pratimAeM batAI haiM- darzana, vrata, sAmAyika, pauSadha, niyama, abrahmavarjana, sacittavarjana, Arambhavarjana, preSyavarjana, uddiSTavarjana aura shrmnnbhuut| AcArya haribhadra ne pratimAoM ke svarUpa kA varNana nimna prakAra se kiyA hai- darzanapratimA- samyagdarzanaka ke pAlana karane ko darzanapratimA kahate haiN| isa avasthA meM mithyAtva kA kSayopazama ho jAne se vyakti meM durAgraha yA kadAgraha nahIM hotA hai| yaha Astikya, anukampA, nirveda, saMvega aura prazama- ina pAMca guNoM se yukta tathA zubhAnubaMdha se yukta aura zaMkAdi aticAroM se rahita hotI hai| vratapratimA - isa pratimA meM zrAvaka sthUla-prANAtipAtaviramaNa Adi pAMca aNuvratoM kA samyak rUpa se pAlana karatA hai| samyagdarzana kI prApti ke bAda AyuSyakarma ko chor3akara zeSa karmoM kI jitanI sthiti hai, unameM se do se nau palyopama jitanI zeSa raha jAne para aNuvratoM kI prApti hotI hai| pAMca aNuvratoM kA niraticAra pAlana karanA hI vrata pratimA hai| sAmAyikapratimA - sAvadhayoga kA tyAga kara samabhAva kI sAdhanA karanA sAmAyika hai| yaha sAmAyika vrata zrAvaka dvArA muhUrta Adi kI eka nirdhArita samayAvadhi ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| sAmAyika karate samaya zrAvaka sAdhu ke samAna hI samabhAvapUrvaka jIvana jItA hai| poSadhapratimA- jinadeva dvArA prApta vidhi ke anusAra AhAra, deha, saMskAra, (100)

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abrahmacarya evaM sAMsArika Arambha-samArambha kA tyAga hI poSadha kahalAtA hai| ina cAroM ke tyAga se dharma kI vRddhi hotI hai| ___ kAyotsargapratimA- uparyukta cAroM pratimAoM kI sAdhanA karate hue zrAvaka ko aSTamI va caturdazI ke dina kAyotsarga karanA caahie| kAyotsarga meM kaSAyavijetA aura trilokapUjya jinoM kA dhyAna yA apane rAgAdi doSoM kI AlocanA karanI caahie| abrahmavarjanapratimA - uparyukta pAMcoM pratimAoM se yukta zrAvaka dvArA avicala citta hokara kAma-vAsanA kA pUrNatayA tyAga kara denA abrahmavarjana pratimA hai| sacittavarjanapratimA - isameM zrAvaka azana, pAna, khAdima aura svAdima rUpa cAroM prakAra ke sacitta bhojana kA tyAga karatA hai| __ ArambhavarjanapratimA - isa pratimA meM zrAvaka khetI Adi ve sabhI kArya jinameM hiMsA hotI hai, svayaM chor3a detA hai, lekina naukaroM se karavAtA hai| isase usake svayaM dvArA kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kama ho jAtI hai, jo usake lie lAbhadAyaka hotI hai| preSyavarjanapratimA - isameM zrAvaka khetI Adi Arambha naukaroM se bhI nahIM karavAtA hai| vaha sArI jimmedAriyAM apane putra, pArivArikajanoM Adi para chor3a detA hai| na to vaha svayaM hiMsAdi pApakarma karatA hai aura na anya se karavAtA hai| vaha dhana-dhAnyAdi ke prati bhI mamatva nahIM rakhatA hai| mAtra parijanoM dvArA pUche jAne para yogya salAha de detA hai| - uddiSTavarjanapratimA - isameM zrAvaka apane lie bane hue bhojana Adi kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| mAtra parijanoM ke yahAM jAkara nirdoSa bhojana grahaNa kara letA hai| zramaNabhUtapratimA - isa pratimA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA zrAvaka muNDita hokara sAdhu ke samAna sabhI upakaraNa lekara bhikSAvRtti se jIvanayApana karatA hai| ina pratimAoM ke AcaraNa se zrAvaka kI AtmA bhAvita hotI hai, jo zrAvaka ina pratimAoM kA samyak rUpa se pAlana kara letA hai, vaha pravrajyA ke yogya bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra apanI yogyatA kA parIkSaNa karake lI gaI dIkSA paripUrNa dIkSA kahalAtI hai| samyagjJAna hone para jina kAraNoM se saMsAra se virakti hotI hai, unhIM se mokSamArga ke prati prazasta anurAga utpanna hotA hai| AcArya haribhadra ke anusAra jo prazasta mana vAlA hai, vahI zramaNa hai| sadguNa sampanna, mAna-apamAna Adi meM samabhAvapUrNa vyavahAra karane vAlA zramaNa kahalAtA hai| (101)

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cAritra ke prati niSThAvAna zuddha adhyavasAya vAlA jIva hI zramaNatva ko prApta kara sakatA hai| yadyapi jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke kSayopazama se alpa vaya vAlA bhI pravrajyA ke yogya bana jAtA hai, tathApi usako bhI usI prakAra dIkSA dI jAtI hai, jisa prakAra pratimA kA pAlana karane vAle ko| phira bhI bhava-viraha arthAt mukti ke icchuka sAmAnyajanoM ko ina pratimAoM kA pUrNatayA pAlana karane ke bAda hI dIkSA lenI caahie| ekAdaza paMcAzaka - gyArahaveM paMcAzaka meM sAdhudharmavidhi' kA varNana hai| jo cAritrayukta hotA hai, vahI sAdhu hai| dezacAritra aura sarvacAritra ke bheda se cAritra do prakAra kA hai| dezacAritra se yukta gRhastha va sarvacAritra se yukta sAdhu hotA hai| sarvavariti cAritra ke pAMca prakAra haiM - sAmAyika, chedopasthApana, parihAravizaddhi, sUkSmasamparAya aura ythaakhyaat| 1. sAmAyika - rAgadveSAdi se rahita samatAbhAva hI sAmAyika hai| itvara arthAt alpakAlika aura yAvatkathita arthAt jIvanaparyaMta ke bheda se sAmAyika do prakAra kA hai| 2. chedopasthApana - pUrva dIkSAparyAya kA cheda karake mahAvratoM meM upasthApana yA AropaNa karanA hI chedopasthApana cAritra kahalAtA hai| sAticAra aura niraticAra ke bheda se isake bhI do prakAra haiN| 3. parihAravizuddhi - parihAra tapa se Atmavizuddhi karanA parihAra-vizuddhi cAritra hai| nirvizamAnaka aura nirviSTakAyika ke bheda se isake bhI do prakAra haiN| 4. sUkSmasamparAya - jisase saMsAra-bhramaNa hotA hoM vaha samparAya hai| kaSAya hI saMsAra-bhramaNa kA kAraNa hai, ataH kaSAya ko samparAya kahate haiN| kaSAyoM ke atyaMta sUkSma hone para sUkSmasamparAya cAritra hotA hai| isake vizuddhamAna evaM klizyamAna- aise do bheda haiN| 5. yathAkhyAta - jaisA jineMdradeva ne kahA hai, tadanurUpa nirapavAda rUpa se cAritradharma kA pAlana yathAkhyAta cAritra hai, arthAt kaSAyarahita cAritra yathAkhyAta cAritra hai| cAritra ke sAmAyika, chedopasthApanAdi bheda vastutaH to sAmAyika ke hI bheda haiM, ataH isa prasaMga meM haribhadra ne sAmAyika evaM gurukulavAsa kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana kiyA hai| nirjIva aura sajIva sabhI prakAra ke anukUla aura pratikUla padArthoM meM samabhAva rakhanA sAmAyika hai| sAmAyika arthAt samabhAva ke hone para hI samyak jJAna aura darzana hote haiN| isI samatva kI anubhUti se sAmAyika arthAt cAritra meM zraddhA hotI hai| sAdhuoM kA guru (102)

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ke prati samarpaNa bhAva hI unake jJAna aura darzana kA AdhAra hai| pratilekhana Adi zubha anuSThAnoM kA pAlana karanA hI cAritra dharma kA pAlana hai| Apta kI AjJA ke pAlana se hI cAritra prApta hotA hai- aisA AgamoM meM varNita hai| jineMdradeva kI yaha spaSTa AjJA hai ki sAdhuoM ko gurukulavAsa arthAt guru ke sAnnidhya kA tyAga nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki gurukulavAsa hI mokSa kA sAdhana hai| gurukulavAsa kA tyAga nahIM karane vAle sAdhu zrutajJAna ke pAtra banate haiN| isase unakA darzana aura cAritra bhI dRr3ha hotA hai| zAstrajJa ziSya ko guru AcArya banA dete haiN| zAnti, mArdava, Arjava, mukti, tapa, saMyama, satya, zauca, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya- ye dasa sAdhu ke dharma haiN| ina dharmoM meM pUrNatA gurukulavAsa meM rahane se hI AtI hai, anyathA inakA abhAva ho jAtA hai| guru kI sevA karane se sAdhaka sadanuSThAnoM meM sahabhAgI hotA hai aura karma kI nirjarA hotI hai| samyagjJAna aura sadanuSThAna rUpI guNoM se yukta guru hI saccA guru hai| ataH sacce guru ke Azraya meM hI sadA rahanA caahie| apane se adhika yA samAna guNoM vAlA sahAyaka na milane para akele hI vihAra karanA cAhie- yaha Agamavacana viziSTa sAdhu kI apekSA se hai, sarvasAmAnya ke lie nahIM hai| jAta aura ajAta ke bheda se kalpa do prakAra kA hai| punaH samApta aura asamApta ke bheda se bhI kalpa do-do prakAra ke hote haiN| ekAkI vihAra karane vAle sAdhu ko aneka doSa lagate haiM, yathA- strI sambaMdhI doSa, kuttoM Adi ke kATane kA bhaya, sAdhu ke prati dveSa rakhane vAle vyaktiyoM dvArA AkramaNa, azuddha bhikSA aadi| isIlie jineMdradeva ne eka gItArtha (viziSTa sAdhu) kA dUsare gItArtha kI nizrA meM rahane vAle sAdhu kA vihAra pratipAdita kiyA hai| gItArtha sAdhu bhI tabhI ekAkI vihAra kare, jaba use koI sahAyaka sAdhu na mile| agItArtha ko to sadA dUsare ke sAtha hI vihAra karanA caahie| mUlaguNoM se yukta guru hI guru hai| aise guru kA tyAga nahIM karanA caahie| kRtajJa ziSya unakA sadaiva sammAna hI karate haiM, kiMtu jo kRtajJa nahIM hote haiM, ve hI guru kI avahelanA karate haiM, vastutaH ve sAdhu nahIM haiN| jo gurukula kA tyAga karate haiM, unakA sammAna karanA bhI ahitakara hai| tIrthaMkara kI AjJA meM rahane vAle sAdhu pAMca samiti aura tIna guptiyoM se yukta, dharma ke prati anurAgI, iMdriyoM aura kaSAyoM ke vijetA, gambhIra, buddhimAna, prajJApanIya aura mahAsatva vAle hote haiN| samyakjJAna aura darzana ke hone para hI samyak cAritra hotA hai| isalie jo samyak cAritra meM sthita hai, ve samyak jJAna aura darzana meM sthita haiN| nizcayanaya kI apekSA se to cAritra kA ghAta hone se jJAna aura darzana kA ghAta ho jAtA hai, kiMtu vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se unakA ghAta ho bhI sakatA hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai| jo (103)

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gurukulavAsa rUpI guNa se yukta haiM aura jisameM suvihita sAdhu ke vasati-zuddhi, vihArazuddhi, bhASA-zuddhi Adi lakSaNa hote haiM, vahI bhAvasAdhu kahalAtA hai| bhAvasAdhu rAgarahita, nirapekSa tathA iMdriyoM ko vaza meM rakhane vAlA hotA hai| ina guNoM se yukta sAdhu hI apane acche AcaraNa se dUsaroM meM vairAgya bhAvanA utpanna kara sakatA hai aura svayaM jaldI hI zAzvata sukha vAle mokSa ko arthAt bhava viraha ko prApta karatA hai| dvAdaza paMcAzaka bArahaveM paMcAzaka meM haribhadra ne 'sAdhusAmAcArIvidhi' kA varNana kiyA hai| sAdhu sAmAcArI kA tAtparya hai, sAdhuoM ko pAlana karane yogya AcAra-sambaMdhI niym| sAdhu sAmAcArI dasa prakAra kI haiM- icchAkAra, mithyAkAra, tathAkAra, AvazyikI, niSIdhikA, ApRcchanA, pratipRcchanA, chandanA, nimaMtraNA aura upsmpdaa| ina sAmAcAriyoM kA varNana nimna prakAra hai icchAkAra sAmAcArI - anya sAdhuoM kI icchApUrvaka unase apanA kAma karAnA yA svayaM unakA kAma karanA icchA sAmAcArI hai| isameM tIna bAteM pramukha haiM- (1) anicchApUrvaka na to dUsaroM se kAma karAnA cAhie aura na dUsaroM kA kAma karanA cAhie, (2) akAraNa na to dUsaroM se kAma karavAnA cAhie aura na dUsaroM kA kAma karanA cAhie, (3) ratnAdhika arthAt jJAna, darzana aura cAritra meM apane se variSTha sAdhu se kAma nahIM karavAnA caahie| yadi svayaM meM kArya karane kI zakti ho to dUsaroM se vaha kArya na karavAkara dUsaroM kA kArya svayaM hI kara denA cAhie, kiMtu yadi dUsare kA kArya karane meM asamartha ho to use asamarthatA vyakta kara denI cAhie ki ApakA kArya karane kI merI icchA to hai, paraMtu maiM vaha kArya karane meM asamartha huuN| isa sAmAcArI kA pAlana karane se parAzraya kI pravRtti samApta hotI hai, AtmanirbharatA meM vRddhi hotI hai, uccagotra karma kA baMdha hotA hai aura jainazAsana ke prati logoM meM sammAna kA bhAva bar3hatA hai| mithyAkAra sAmAcArI - mihAvrartA evaM samiti-gupti ke pAlana ma vyakti saM yadi koI galatI ho gaI ho to yaha galata huA hai', aisA socakara usakA pazcAtApa kara lenA cAhie, isase karmakSaya hote haiN| tathAkAra sAmAcArI - kalpya aura akalpya kA pUrNa jJAna rakhane vAle, pAMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana karane vAle tathA saMyama aura tapa se paripUrNa muniyoM ke yogya nirdezoM ko binA kisI zaMkA-kuzaMkA ke svIkAra kara lenA caahie| (104)

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* AvazyikI sAmAcArI - guru kI AjJA lekara hI mala-mUtra nivRtti, bhikSA evaM jJAnArjana Adi ke lie bAhara jAnA cAhie, kyoMki sAdhu ke lie jJAnArjana, dhyAnasAdhanA tathA bhikSATana Adi kArya Avazyaka haiN| ina Avazyaka kAryoM ke prati guru kI AjJApUrvaka upAzraya se bAhara jAnA AvazyikI sAmAcArI hai| isameM upAzraya se bAhara jAte samaya 'Avassahi-Avassahi' bolanA caahie| niSIdhikA sAmAcArI - deva yA guru ke sthAna para praveza karate samaya athavA Avazyaka kAryoM ko sampanna karake lauTane para 'nisIhi' zabda kA uccAraNa karanA hI naiSedhikI hai| isakA tAtparya hai azubha kArya karane yA anAvazyaka rUpa se bAhara jAne kA niSedha hai| gurudeva ke sthAna kA upabhoga sAvadhAnI se karanA cAhie, jisase unakI kisI prakAra kI AzAtanA na ho| jo sAdhu sAvadyayoga se rahita hote haiM, unhIM kI niSIdhikA sAmAcArI saphala hotI hai| ApRcchanA sAmAcArI - jJAnAdi kArya guru se pUchakara karanA hI ApRcchanA sAmAcArI hai| guru se pUchakara kiyA gayA kArya siddha hotA hai| isase pApakarmoM kA praNAza tathA puNyakarmoM kA baMdha hotA hai| AgAmI bhava meM zubha gati tathA sadguru kA lAbha hotA hai| isalie sAdhu ko koI bhI kArya guru kI anumati lekara hI karanA caahie| pratipRcchanA sAmAcArI - guru se pUchakara kie gae kArya ko sampanna hone meM koI aMtarAla A gayA ho to punaH pUchakara kArya karanA pratipRcchanA kahalAtA hai| punaH pUchane para guru dUsarA kArya pahale karane ko bhI kaha sakate haiM yA yaha kaha sakate haiM ki kArya ho cukA hai, aba ise karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| isalie sAdhu ko kArya prArambha karane se pUrva guru se punaH pUchanA hI pratipRcchanA sAmAcArI hai| chandanA sAmAcArI - bhikSA meM lAe gae AhAra ko guru kI AjJA se bAla, rogI Adi ko dene ke lie unase pUchanA ki isakI tumheM AvazyakatA hai yA nahIM', chandanA sAmAcArI hai| viziSTa tapa karane vAlA, pAraNA karane vAlA yA asahiSNutA ke kAraNa samUha (maNDalI) se alaga bhojana karane vAle sAdhu ko chandanA sAmAcArI kA anusaraNa karanA caahie| nimaMtraNa sAmAcArI - guru se pUchakara AhAra Adi ke lie dUsaroM ko nimaMtraNa denA nimaMtraNa sAmAcArI hai| upasampadA sAmAcArI - jJAnAdi ke lie guru se alaga anya AcArya ke pAsa

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jAkara rahanA upasampadA sAmAcArI hai| yaha tIna prakAra kI hotI hai- jJAna-sambaMdhI, darzanasambaMdhI aura caaritr-smbNdhii| ____ isa prakAra saMyama aura tapa se paripUrNa sAdhuoM ko apane mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa kI rakSA ke lie upayukta sAmAcArI kA acchI taraha pAlana karanA cAhie, jisase aneka bhavoM ke saMcita karmoM kA kSaya ho evaM unheM saMsAra-sAgara se mukti arthAt bhava-viraha prApta ho ske| trayodaza paMcAzaka terahaveM paMcAzaka meM 'piNDavidhAnavidhi' kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| piNDa arthAt bhojana yA AhAra karate samaya AhAra kI zuddhatA ko dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai| jaina paramparA meM jo AhAra udgama Adi doSoM se rahita hai, vahI zuddha hai| AhAra sambaMdhI doSa tIna prakAra ke haiM - udgama-doSa, utpAdana-doSa aura essnnaa-doss| ina tInoM ke kramazaH solaha, solaha aura dasa arthAt kula bayAlIsa bheda haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM udgama doSa - udgama doSa AhAra banAne sambaMdhI doSa haiN| jaise sAdhu ke lie bhojana pakAnA Adi udgama doSa kahalAte haiN| ye dAtA se sambaMdhita haiN| inake nimnalikhita solaha prakAra haiM (1) AdhAkarma - kisI sAdhu vizeSa ko lakSya kara banAyA gayA bhojana AdhAkarma doSa vAlA hai| (2) auddezika - sAdhuoM ko bhikSA dene ke uddezya se banAyA gayA bhojana auddezika hai| (3) pUrtikarma - zuddha AhAra meM azuddha AhAra milAkara pUre AhAra ko azuddha banA denA pUrtikarma doSa hai| (4) mizrajAta - gRhastha aura sAdhu donoM ke mizrita uddezya se banAyA gayA bhojana mizrajAta doSavAlA hai| (5) sthApanA - sAdhu ko dene ke lie AhAra kA eka bhAga alaga nikAla kara rakha denA sthApanA doSa hai| (6) prAbhRtikA - sAdhuoM ke A jAne ke kAraNa nizcita samaya se pUrva bhoja Adi kA Ayojana karake sAdhu ko bhikSA denA prAbhRtikA doSa hai| .. (106)

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(7) prAduSkaraNa - sAdhu ko bhikSA dene ke lie bhojana ko khulA rakha denA prAduSkaraNa doSa hai| (8) krIta - sAdhu ke lie kharIdakara bhojana denA krIta doSa hai| (9) apamitya - bhojana udhAra lekara sAdhu ko bhikSA denA apamitya doSa hai| (10) parAvartita - khAdya vastuoM kI adalA-badalI karake sAdhu ko bhikSA denA parAvartita doSa hai| (11) abhihRta - sAdhu ko dene ke lie apane sthAna se dUsare sthAna para le jAyA gayA AhAra abhihata kahalAtA hai| (12) udbhinna - sAdhu ke lie bakhAra, koThI, AlamArI Adi kholakara AhAra denA udbhinna doSa hai| . (13) mAlApahRta - sAdhu ko chIke yA UparI maMjila se vastu ko nIce lAkara denA mAlApahRta doSa hai| (14) Acchedya - sAdhu ko dene ke lie putrAdi ko dI huI vastu ko punaH vApasa le lenA Acchedya doSa hai| (15) anisRSTa - aneka logoM ke hisse kI vastu binA unakI AjJA ke sAdhu ko denA anisRSTa doSa hai| - (16) adhyavapUraka - apane lie bana rahe bhojana meM sAdhu ko dene ke lie adhika sAmagrI milA lenA adhyavapUraka doSa hai| .. utpAdana doSa - AhAra prApta karane hetu sAdhu se hone vAle doSa utpAdana doSa haiN| inake bhI nimna solaha bheda haiM - (1) dhAtrI - dhAtrI karma karake sAdhu ke dvArA bhikSA grahaNa karanA dhAtrI doSa hai| (2) dUtI - gRhasthoM ko paraspara eka dUsare ko samAcAra pahuMcA kara bhikSA-grahaNa karanA dUtI doSa hai| (3) nimitta - vartamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSya ke sukha-duHkha batAkara bhikSA prApta karanA nimitta doSa hai| (4) AjIva - jIvana nirvAha hetu sAdhu dvArA gRhastha yA AjIvikA arjana karanA AjIva doSa hai|

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(5) vanIpaka - gRhastha kI prazaMsA karake bhikSA prApta karanA vanIpaka doSa hai| (6) cikitsA - gRhastha kI cikitsA karake AhAra prApta karanA cikitsA doSa hai| (7) krodhapiNDa - bhikSA nahIM dene para zrApa de dUMgA, aisA bhaya dikhAkara AhAra prApta karanA krodhapiNDa doSa hai| (8) mAnapiNDa - apane svAbhimAna hetu pArivArikajanoM kI bAta na mAnakara sAdhu ko AhAra denA mAnapiNDa doSa hai| (9) mAyApiNDa - veza parivartana dvArA gRhastha ko dhokhA dekara usase AhAra grahaNa karanA mAyApiNDa doSa hai| (10) lobhapiNDa - svAdiSTa AhAra ke lAlaca se aneka gharoM meM bhikSA hetu jAnA lobhapiNDa doSa hai| (11) pUrvapazcAtsaMstava - AhAra grahaNa karane se pUrva yA bAda meM dAtA kI prazaMsA krnaa| (12-15) vidyA-maMtra-cUrNa-yoga prayoga- vidyA, maMtra, cUrNa aura yoga kA prayoga kara AhAra prApta krnaa| (16) mUlakarma - jisake kAraNa pUrva dIkSA paryAya chedakara punaH dIkSA lenA hotA hai, jaise brahmacarya bhaMga karake yA garbhapAta karavAkara bhikSA lenA mUlakarma doSa hai| eSaNA doSa - eSaNA, gaveSaNA, anveSaNA, grahaNa- ina sabhI kA eka hI artha hai| AhAra kI eSaNA ke doSa isa prakAra haiM - . (1) zaMkita - AdhAkarmAdi doSoM kI zaMkA hone para bhI vaha AhAra lenA zaMkita doSa hai| (2) mrakSita (yukta) - sacitta vanaspati pAnI Adi se yukta AhAra lenaa| (3) nikSipta (rakhA huA) - sacitta vastu para rakhA huA AhAra lenaa| (4) pihita (DhaMkA huA) - jo AhAra sacitta phalAdi se DhaMkA ho, use grahaNa krnaa| (5) saMhRta - jisa bartana meM sacitta vastu rakhI ho, usI se sAdhu ko AhAra denaa| (6) dAyaka - garbhavatI Adi bhikSA dene ke ayogya vyaktiyoM dvArA bhikSA lenaa| (108

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(7) unmizra - sacitta bIja, kaMda Adi milA huA AhAra unmizra AhAra hai| (8) apariNata - pUrNatayA acitta na huA ho yA pUrI taraha pakA na ho, aisA AhAra lenA apariNata doSa hai| (9) lipta - akhAdya vastu se lipta AhAra lenaa| (10) chardita - dete samaya AhArAdi nIce gira rahA ho, aisA AhAra lenaa| ukta bayAlIsa doSoM se rahita AhAra hI sAdhuoM ke yogya hai| AhAra kI zuddhatA ko jAnane ke lie atIta-anAgata-vartamAna kAla sambaMdhI vicAraNA karane se usakA jJAna ho jAtA hai| jo sAdhu isako jAnakara aura AptavacanoM ko pramANa mAnakara sampUrNa piNDadoSoM ko dUra karatA hai, vaha jaldI hI apanI saMyama-yAtrA se mukti ko prApta hotA hai| caturdazaka paMcAzaka .. caudahaveM paMcAzaka meM haribhadra ne zIlAMgoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| zramaNoM ke zIla sambaMdhI viSaya pahaluoM ko zIlAMga kahA gayA hai| inakI saMkhyA aTThAraha hajAra hai| ye sabhI zIlAMga akhaNDa bhAvacAritra vAle zramaNoM meM pAe jAte haiN| tIna yoga, tIna karaNa, cAra saMjJA, pAMca iMdriya, dasa kAya aura dasa zramaNadharma inake pArasparika guNana se aTThAraha hajAra zIlAMga hote haiM, yathA - 34 34445X 10 10 = 18000 / zIlAMgoM kI aTThAraha hajAra kI yaha saMkhyA akhaNDa bhAvacAritrasampanna muni meM kabhI kama nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki pratikramaNa sUtra meM ina aThAraha hajAra zIlAMgoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle muniyoM ko hI vaMdanIya kahA gayA hai| dUsare yaha ki aTThAraha hajAra meM se koI eka bhI bhAga na hone para sarvavirati nahIM hotI hai aura sarvavirati ke binA muni nahIM hotaa| ataH buddhimAnoM ko ina zIlAMgoM ke sambaMdha meM isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki koI bhI eka zIlAMga tabhI samyak rUpa se parizuddha hotA hai, jaba vaha anya zIlAMgoM se yukta hotA hai| yadi eka zIlAMga svataMtra rUpa se pUrNa ho, to vaha sarvavirati rUpa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki sabhI zIlAMga milakara hI sarvavirati rUpa hote haiN| sarvavirati rUpa zIla (samyak cAritra) aTThAraha hajAra zIlAMga vAlA hai| zIla kI yaha akhaNDatA yA sampUrNatA antaHkaraNa ke pariNAmoM kI apekSA se hotI hai| - jina AjJA ke viruddha pravRtti cAhe apane meM vizuddha hI kyoM na ho viratibhAva ko avazya bAdhita karatI hai| vyakti kI pravRtti prajJApanIya aura aprajJApanIya aisI do prakAra kI hotI hai| Agama sammata pravRtti prajJApanIya hai aura Agama viruddha pravRtti aprjnyaapniiy| (109)

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gItArtha aura gItArtha kI AjJA meM rahane vAle anya sAdhuoM kI pravRtti Agamaviruddha nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki gItArtha kabhI Aptavacana kA ullaMghana nahIM karatA hai| gItArtha svayaM cAritra sampanna hotA hai aura sUtraviruddha pravRtti karane vAle ko aisA karane se rokatA hai| isa taraha donoM kA hI cAritra zuddha banatA hai| cAritra parizuddha taba hotA hai jaba sabhI zIlAMgoM kA pAlana samaveta rUpa se hotA hai, kiMtu zIlAMgoM kA samaveta pAlana sabhI nahIM kara skte| isakA pAlana ve hI kara sakate haiM, jo mokSArthI saMsAra se virakta hokara jinAjJA kI ArAdhanA meM tatpara banA ho, jo zakti ke anurUpa Agamokta kriyA meM udyata ho, jo karma doSoM ko nirjarita karatA ho, jo sarvatra apratibaddha hokara tailapAtradhAraka aura rAdhAvedhaka (upadravoM kI ciMtA kie binA AMkha kI putalI ko bedhane vAlA) kI taraha atyadhika apramattapUrvaka rhe| aisA vyakti hI sarvavirati rUpa cAritra pAlane meM samartha hotA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI ne kahA hai ki Agamokta guNoM se yukta sAdhu hI sAdhu hotA hai| suvarNa kA dRSTAMta dete hue ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra suvarNa ke guNoM se rahita suvarNa vAstavika suvarNa nahIM hai, usI prakAra sAdhu ke guNoM se rahita sAdhu vAstavika sAdhu nahIM hai| suvarNa ke ATha guNa hote haiMviSaghAtI, rasAyana, maMgalakArI, vinIta, pradakSiNAvartta, guruka, adAhya aura akulsy| isI prakAra ke guNa sAdhu meM bhI pAe jAte haiN| jisa prakAra uparyukta ATha guNoM se yukta svarNa hI vAstavika svarNa hotA hai, usI prakAra guNarahita vezamAtra se sAdhu vAstavika artha meM sAdhu nahIM hotA hai| jo auddezika AdhAkarma Adi doSoM se yukta AhAra karatA hai, vaha nizcaya hI pRthvI Adi SaTkAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| jo jinabhavana ke bahAne apane AvAsa kA sAdhana juTAtA hai tathA jAnate hue bhI sacitta jala pItA hai, vaha sAdhu kaise ho sakatA hai? isa prakAra sampUrNa zIlAMgoM se yukta zubha adhyavasAya vAle sAdhu hI sAMsArika duHkha kA aMta karate haiM, arthAt bhava viraha ko prApta hote haiM, anya dravyaliMgI sAdhu nhiiN| paMcadaza paMcAzaka yadi kisI kAraNavaza zIlAMgoM kA atikramaNa ho jAtA hai, to usakI zuddhi ke lie AlocanA karanI par3atI hai| ataH paMdrahaveM paMcAzaka meM AlocanAvidhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| apane duSkRtyoM ko guru ke samakSa sadbhAva se kucha bhI chipAe binA batAnA AlocanA hai| ajJAnatAvaza yA rAga-dveSa se yukta hokara kie gae kAryoM se azubha kArya kA baMdha hotA hai, jisake lie bhAvapUrvaka AlocanA karanA Avazyaka ho jAtI hai| AlocanA (110)

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vidhipUrvaka hI honI cAhie, kyoMki avidhipUrvaka AlocanA karane se jinAjJA kA bhaMga hotA hai aura citta malinatA ko prApta karatA hai| AlocanA kA kAla divasa, pakSa, cAturmAsa Adi kahA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA pratidina pratikramaNa karate samaya subaha-zAma AlocanA kI jAtI hai, lekina kisI viziSTa aparAdha ke hone para yA bImArI yA vihAra yAtrA meM hone para pakSAdi meM bhI AlocanA karane kA vidhAna hai| vizeSakara pAkSika parva yA cAturmAsa parva meM AlocanA avazya karanI cAhie, kyoMki yaha jinAjJA hai| AlocanA ke yogya vyakti, AlocanA karane vAlA yogya guru, AlocanA krama, manobhAvoM kA prakAzana aura dravyAdi zuddhi- ye AlocanA ke pAMca dvAra haiN| sarvaprathama saMvigna, mAyArahita, vidvAn, kalpasthita, anAzaMsI, zraddhAlu, AjJAvAna, duSkRta pApI, AlocanA samutsuka aura abhigraha Adi prajJApanIya lakSaNoM se yukta sAdhu hI AlocanA ke yogya haiN| isI prakAra AcAravAna, avadhAravAna, vyavahAravAna, aparizrAvI, cAritravAlA aura kuzalamati guru hI AlocanA karavAne kA adhikArI hai| AlocanA ke krama meM pahale choTe aticAroM ko kahakara bAda meM bar3e aticAroM (doSoM) ko kahanA caahie| punaH AlocanA ke krama meM saMkalpapUrvaka, saMyama kI rakSA hetu, yatanApUrvaka, kalpapUrvaka, sambhrama ke kAraNa ucita-anucita kA viveka kie binA jisa bhAva se jo kArya kiyA ho, vaha saba guru ke samakSa yathAsvarUpa nivedana kara prazasta dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva meM AlocanA karanI caahie| ____ Alocaka ko zalya yAni pApAnuSThAna kA uddhAra nahIM karane se hone vAle duSTa pariNAmoM ko dikhAne vAle aura zalyoddhAra karane meM hone vAle lAbhoM ko dikhAne vAle prasiddha sUtroM se citta ko mokSAbhimukha banAkara AlocanA karanI caahie| isI prakAra guru ko bhI ziSya ke citta ko saMvigna banAkara usase AlocanA karAnI caahie| gItArtha ke samakSa apane duSkRtya kA bhAvapUrvaka prakAzana nahIM karanA bhAvazalya hai| jo guru yA gItArtha ke hone para bhI lajjA Adi ke kAraNa svayaM hI AlocanA karake prAyazcitta Adi grahaNa karate hue zuddhi karate haiM, ve bhAvazalya sahita hote haiN| jisa prakAra vraNa cikitsA ko sampUrNatayA jAnane vAlA vyakti bhI yadi zarIra meM hue kharAba pIba Adi vAle phor3e ko bar3hane de, to vaha phor3A mRtyu kA kAraNa hone se aniSTakArI hotA haiM, usI prakAra jisane apane bhAvazalya ko dUsaroM ko nahIM batalAyA ho usake lie cAritrarUpI zarIra meM sthita yaha aticArarUpI phor3A ananta janma-maraNa kA kAraNa hone se aniSTakAraka hotA hai| zalyasahita marakara jIva saMsArarUpI ghora araNya (jaMgala) meM praveza karate haiM aura usameM dIrghakAla taka bhaTakate haiN| tInoM lokoM ke mitra jineMdradeva ne isa AlocanA ko bhAvArogya

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(bhAvoM kI zuddhatA) ke rUpa pha la dene vAlI kahA hai| ataH maiM nidAnarahita hokara bhayaMkara phaladAyI sampUrNa bhAvazalya ko guru ke samakSa vidhipUrvaka prakaTa karake dUra karUMgAaise bhAva mana meM utpanna karanA caahie| jisa prakAra bAlaka apanI mAtA ke samakSa bolate hue kArya-akArya ko chipAe binA jaisA hotA hai, vaisA kaha detA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu ko sAyA aura mada se mukta hokara apane aparAdha ko yathAtathya guru ke samakSa nivedana kara denA cAhie aura guru ne aparAdha kI zuddhi hetu jo daNDa diyA hai, use yathAvat svIkAra karanA caahie| jina doSoM ko kiyA ho, una doSoM ko phira se na karanA hI samyak AlocanA hotI hai| isalie manuSyatva prApta karake aura duSkRtyoM ke kAraNabhUta manobhAvoM kA tyAga karake mumukSuoM ko niraMtara Atma-vizuddhi kA prayatna karanA cAhie, kyoMki nirvANarUpa sukha arthAt bhava-viraha kA yahI ekamAtra upAya hai| SoDaza paMcAzaka solahaveM paMcAzaka meM prAyazcittavidhi' kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA jisase prAyaH citta-zuddhi hotI hai, use prAyazcitta kahate haiN| lekina prAkRtabhASA meM isakA pAyacchitta rUpa banatA hai, arthAt jisase pApa kA chedana hotA hai, vaha pAyacchitta kahalAtA hai| prAyazcitta ke AlocanA pratikramaNa, mizra, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, mUla, anavasthApya aura pArAMcika - ye dasa prakAra batAe gae haiN| bhAvapUrvaka kiyA gayA prAyazcitta hI yathArtha hotA hai| bhavya, AgamoM meM zraddhAvAna aura saMvigna jIvoM kA prAyazcitta bhAva prAyazcitta hotA hai aura isase bhinna zeSa jIvoM kA prAyazcitta kevala dravya prAyazcitta hotA hai| bhAvarahita hone ke kAraNa vaha zuddhi nahIM karane vAlA hotA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne kAyotsarga niyukti rUpa zAstra meM dravya vraNa ke dRSTAMta se cAritrAcAra rUpa bhAvavraNa kI cikitsA kA eka rUpaka prastuta kiyA hai| kahA hai- zarIra meM tadbhava aura Agantuka ye do prakAra ke vraNa hote haiM, jinase Agantuka vraNa kA zalyoddharaNa kiyA jAtA hai, tadbhava vraNa kA nhiiN| jo zalya patalA ho adhika gaharA na ho use bAhara khIMca liyA jAtA hai| usa sthAna kA mardana bhI nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| jo zalya zarIra meM prathama prakAra ke zalya se thor3A adhika cubhA ho, kiMtu adhika gaharA na ho aise zalya meM zalyoddhAra, vraNamardana aura karNamalapUraNa- ye tIna kriyAeM hotI haiM, kiMtu yadi zalya adhika gaharA ho to vaidya vraNa meM se zalya nikAlakara darda nahIM ho, isake lie thor3A khUna nikAlate haiM tathA zalyoddhAra karake vraNa jaldI ThIka ho jAe, isake lie cikitsAzAstra ke anusAra pathya, bhojana aura auSadhi de karake vraNa ko sukhAte haiN| yahAM prAyazcitta ke prasaMga meM bhAvavraNa ko bhI (112)

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usakI cikitsA-vidhi sahita jAnanA yogya hai| bhAvavraNa ko adhyAtma ke rahasya ke jJAtA yogiyoM kI sUkSma buddhi se hI acchI taraha jAnA jA sakatA hai| prAyazcitta ke dasa prakAroM meM se sAta ko uparyukta vraNa kA dRSTAMta dekara samajhAyA gayA hai| mUla, anavasthApya aura pArAMcika prAyazcitta yogya aparAdhoM meM samyak cAritra ke abhAva ke kAraNa vraNa ke dRSTAMta kI vicAraNA nahIM kI gaI hai, kyoMki mUla Adi tInoM prAyazcittoM ke yogya aparAdha samyak cAritra kA sarvathA abhAva hone para hI hote haiN| saMkalpapUrvaka kie gae mahAvratoM ke bhaMga rUpI aparAdhoM meM cAritradharma kA abhAva ho jAne se usa sAdhu meM mahAvratoM kI punaH sthApanA karanA mUla' prAyazcitta hai| duSTa-adhyavasAyoM se kie gae aparAdhoM kA jaba taka ucita tapa se zuddhikaraNa na ho taba taka use mahAvrata na denA anavasthApya prAyazcitta hai| pArAMcika prAyazcitta ke svarUpa ko lekara AcAryoM meM matabheda haiN| kucha AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki jo jIva saMghabheda, caityabheda evaM jina pravacana kA upaghAta karane se isa bhava meM aura anya bhavoM meM cAritra ke ayogya hote haiM, ve pArAMcika kahalAte haiN| unakA yaha mAnanA ucita bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki pariNAmoM kI vicitratA ke kAraNa mohanIya Adi karmoM kA nirUpamakrama baMdha hone se isa bhavaM meM aura anya bhavoM meM cAritra kI prApti kI ayogyatA ho sakatI hai, isalie anya AcAryoM kA mata bhI asaMgata nahIM hai| . Agama meM Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta- aise pAMca prakAra ke prAyazcitta dene kI vidhi batalAI gaI hai| ina pAMca prakAra ke vyavahAroM ke AdhAra para aneka prakAya ke prAyazcitta kahe gae haiN| yahAM yaha prazna hotA hai ki Agamokta bhikSAcaryA Adi anuSThAna nirdoSa hote haiM aura sadoSa anuSThAna meM hI prAyazcitta hotA hai, nirdoSa anuSThAna meM nhiiN| taba phira Agamokta, zuddhacaryA karane vAle sAdhu ke lie bhI Agama meM pratidina AlocanAdi prAyazcitta karane kA vidhAna kyoM kiyA gayA? yahAM para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki Agamokta anuSThAna kA prAyazcitta nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, apitu usa anuSThAna ko karate samaya jo sUkSma virAdhanA hotI hai, usakI zuddhi ke lie AlocanAdi prAyazcitta kie jAte haiN| sAmAnyatayA sabhI jIva AyuSya ke atirikta anya sAta prakAra ke karmoM kA satata baMdha karate rahate haiN| AyuSya karma kA baMdha eka bhava meM eka hI bAra hotA hai| dasaveM sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna ko prApta jIva mohanIya aura AyuSya karma ke atirikta anya chaH prakAra ke karmoM kA baMdha karate haiN| upazAMta moha, kSINamoha aura sayogI kevalI- ye tIna guNasthAna do samaya ke baMdha kI sthiti vAle haiN| inameM mAtra sAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| inameM yoganimittaka baMdha hotA hai, kaSAya nimittaka nahIM, kyoMki kaSAyoM kA sarvathA udaya nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra sAtaveM (113)

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guNasthAna meM sthita apramattasaMyata sAdhuoM ko utkRSTa se ATha muhUrta kA aura jaghanya se antarmuhUrta kI sthiti kA baMdha hotA hai| vastutaH, chadmastha ko sabhI avasthAoM meM karmabaMdha hotA hai, kyoMki chadmastha vItarAgI ko bhI manoyoga Adi hote haiN| isalie unheM virAdhanA kI zuddhi karanA Avazyaka hai| ataH AlocanAdi prAyazcitta sahita Agamokta anuSThAna kara karma ke anubaMdha kA chedana karane vAle nirdoSa hote haiN| jisa doSa kA prAyazcitta kiyA gayA ho, prAyaH use phira se na kiyA jAe, acchI taraha se kie gae prAyazcitta kA lakSaNa hai| saptadaza paMcAzaka satrahaveM paMcAzaka meM 'kalpavidhi' kA varNana hai| kalpa do prakAra ke haiM - (1) sthitakalpa aura (2) asthitklp| sthitakalpa ve haiM jo sadaiva AcaraNIya hote haiN| asthita kalpa kisI kAraNa se AcaraNIya hote haiM aura kisI se nhiiN| sAmAnyataH Acelakya Adi ke bheda se kalpa ke dasa prakAra hote haiM - 1. Acalekya, 2. auddezika, 3. zayyAtarapiNDa, 4. rAjapiNDa, 5. kRtikarma, 6:vrata (mahAvrata), 7. jyeSTha, 8. pratikramaNa, 9. mAsakalpa, 10. pryussnnaaklp| ye dasa kalpa prathama aura aMtima jinoM (tIrthaMkaroM) ke zAsana-kAla ke sAdhuoM ke lie sthitakalpa hote haiM aura madhyavartI bAIsa jinoM (tIrthaMkaroM) ke sAdhuoM ke lie, inameM se chaH kalpa asthita hote haiM aura cAra kalpa sthita hote haiN| Acelakya, auddezika, pratikramaNa, rAjapiNDa, mAsakalpa aura paryuSaNAkalpa- ye chaH madhyavartI jinoM ke sAdhuoM ke lie asthita kalpa hote haiM tathA zeSa cAra kalpa madhyakAlIna jinoM ke sAdhuoM ke lie bhI sthita hI hote haiN| sthita kalpa kA pAlana aparihArya hotA hai| asthita kalpa kA pAlana vaikalpika hotA hai| Acelakya Adi kalpa kA svarUpa nimnalikhita hai Acelakya - Acalekya nagnatA ko kahA jAtA hai, lekina vastra na hone aura alpa vastra, donoM hI sthiti Acelakya kI sthiti hotI hai| vastra kA na honA to acelakatA ko spaSTa karatA hai, lekina savastra bhI nirvastra hai, spaSTa nahIM hotA hai| jaisA ki isa paMcAzaka meM AyA hai, alpamUlya ke phaTe kapar3oM ke hone para acela hI kahA jAtA hai| yaha bAta loka-vyavahAra aura Agama-nyAya- ina donoM se siddha hotI hai| loka meM jIrNa vastra ko 'vastra nahIM hai' aisA mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha viziSTa kArya kA sAdhaka nahIM hotA hai| Agamavacana se bhI zveta jIrNavastra hone para use vastrahIna hI samajhA jAtA hai|

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auddezika - sAdhu ke nimitta se jo AhAra banA ho vaha auddezika kahalAtA hai| auddezika AhAra prathama aura aMtima jinoM ke sabhI sAdhuoM ke lie grahaNa karane ke yogya nahIM hai| madhyavartI jinoM ke sAdhuoM meM jisa saMgha yA sAdhu ke nimitta banA hai, vaha usa saMgha yA sAdhu ke dvArA grAhya nahIM hai, zeSa sAdhuoM dvArA grAhya hai| zayyAtarapiNDa - zayyAtara kA artha hotA hai- sAdhuoM ke upAzraya yA Thaharane kA sthAna dene vaalaa| azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima, vastra, pAtra, rajoharaNa aura kambala, suI, cAka, nAkhUna kATane kA sAdhana aura kAna kA maila nikAlane kA sAdhana Adi zayyAtarapiNDa ke kula bAraha prakAra haiN| jinoM ke sAdhuoM ke lie zayyAtarapiNDa grAhya nahIM hotA hai| rAjapiNDa - azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima, vastra, pAtra, kambala aura rajoharaNaye ATha prakAra ke rAjapiNDa kahe gae haiN| prathama, aMtima, madhyavartI aura mahAvideha kSetra ke sabhI jinoM ke sAdhuoM ke lie yaha piNDa grahaNa karanA varjita hai, kyoMki isase vyAghAta Adi doSa lagate haiN| kRtikarma - abhyutthAna aura vaMdana ke bheda se kRtikarma do prakAra kA hotA hai| abhyutthAna kA artha hotA hai- AcAryAdi ke Ane para sammAna-svarUpa khar3e ho jAnA aura vaMdana kA artha hotA hai- dvAdazAvarta se vaMdanA krnaa| sAdhu evaM sAdhvatI donoM ko variSThatAkrama ke anusAra kRtikarma karanA caahie| . . vrata- prathama aura aMtima jinoM ke sAdhuoM ke lie pAMca mahAvratoM vAlA cAritradharma hotA hai aura zeSa jinoM ke sAdhuoM ke lie cAra mahAvrata (cAturyAma) kA cAritra dharma hotA hai| pAMca mahAvrata aura cAra mahAvrata rUpa vacana bheda se do prakAra kA hone para bhI yaha kalpa paramArtha se eka prakAra kA hI hai aura sabhI ke lie pAlanayI hai| jyeSTha - mahAvratoM kA AropaNa honA upasthApanA hai| prathama aura aMtima jinoM ke sAdhuoM meM upasthApanA se jyeSThatA mAnI jAtI hai, arthAt jisakI bar3I dIkSA pahale ho vaha jyeSTha mAnA jAtA hai| madhya jinoM ke sAdhuoM kI sAmAyika cAritra kI dIkSA se hI unakI jyeSThatA mAnI jAtI hai, kiMtu yaha tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba unakA cAritra aticAra rahita ho| pratikramaNa aura Avazyaka karma - prathama aura aMtima jinoM ke sAdhuoM ke aticAra lage yA na lage, gamana, Agamana aura vihAra meM subaha-zAma chaH Avazyaka rUpa pratikramaNa avazya karanA caahie| madhya ke jinoM ke sAdhuoM ko doSa lage taba pratikramaNa karanA caahie| doSa na lagane para madhya ke jinoM ke sAdhuoM ke phira pratikramaNa karanA

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Avazyaka nahIM hai| ___ mAsakalpa - cAturmAsa ke atirikta eka sthAna para eka mahIne se adhika nahIM rahane kA AcAra mAsakalpa kahalAtA hai| prathama aura aMtima jinoM ke sAdhuoM ke lie mAsakalpa sthitakalpa hai arthAt ve eka sthAna para eka mAsa se adhika nahIM raha sakate, kyoMki anyathA doSa lagatA hai, jabaki madhyavartI jinoM ke sAdhuoM ke lie mAsakalpa asthita hai arthAt ve eka mAsa se adhika bhI eka sthAna para raha sakate haiN| prathama aura aMtima jinoM ke sAdhuoM dvArA mAsakalpa kA pAlana nahIM karane para pratibaddhatA, laghutA, janopakAra, AjJAbhaMga Adi doSa lagate haiN| isalie mAsakalpa dravyataH na ho sake, to bhAvataH avazya karanA caahie| mAsakalpa kI hI bhAMti paryuSaNAkalpa bhI hotA hai| jaghanya aura utkRSTa kI dRSTi se paryuSaNAkalpa do prakAra kA hotA hai aura bhAdrapada zukla paMcamI se kArtika pUrNimA taka kula sattara dina (70 dina) rAta kA jaghanya paryuSaNAkalpa hotA hai| kalpoM kA uparyukta sthita-asthita vibhAjana sakAraNa hI hai| kAla ke prabhAva se sAdhuoM ke svabhAva meM bhinnatA hotI hai| isalie jinezvaroM ne unakI sthita-asthita kalpa rUpa maryAdA kI hai| Rju-jar3atA Adi se yukta jIvoM kA bhI cAritra jinezvaroM ke dvArA jAnA gayA hai| ve pravrajyA ke yogya hote haiM, kyoMki sthira aura asthira- ina do prakAra ke bhAvoM meM se Rju-jar3a jIvoM ke sthira bhAva zuddha hote haiN| asthira bhAva tathAvidha sAmagrI se azuddha hotA hai, kiMtu vaha azuddhabhAva cAritra kA ghAta nahIM karatA hai| jisa prakAra prathama jina ke sAdhuoM kA skhalana unake cAritra kA bAdhaka nahIM hai, usI prakAra aMtima jina ke sAdhuoM kA skhalana bhI kAla ke prabhAva ke kAraNa cAritra kA bAdhaka nahIM hai, kyoMki ve prAyaH mAtRsthAna arthAt mAyArUpa saMjvalana kaSAya kA sevana karate haiM, na ki anantAnubaMdhI kaSAya kaa| kyoMki yadi mAyA anantAnubaMdhI kaSAyasambaMdhI ho to ve vyakti zramaNatva (sAdhutA) ko hI prApta nahIM hote haiM, isalie sAdhu ke sabhI aticAra saMjvalana kaSAya ke udaya se hI hote haiN| anantAnubaMdhI Adi bAraha kaSAyoM ke udaya se to sarvavirati rUpa cAritra dharma kA mUlataH nAza ho jAtA hai| saMjvalana kaSAya rUpa mAyA se utpanna aticAra cAritra kA ghAtaka nahIM hai| ataH aticAra ho to bhI aMtima jina ke sAdhuoM ko samyak cAritra hotA hai| ataH jo saMsAra bhIru haiM, guruoM ke prati vinIta haiM, jJAnI haiM, jitendriya haiM, jinhoMne kaSAyoM ko jIta liyA hai, saMsAra se vimukta hone meM yathAzakti tatpara rahate haiM, ve vastutaH sAdhu haiN|

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aSTAdaza paMcAzaka aTThAra paMcAzaka meM 'bhikSupratimAkalpavidhi' kA varNana huA hai| arhantoM ne mAsikI Adi bAraha bhikSu pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| viziSTa kriyA vAle sAdhu kA prazasta adhyavasAya rUpI zarIra hI pratimA hai| Avazyaka niyukti ke anusAra mAsikI, dvimAsikI, traimAsikI, caturmAsikI, paMcamAsikI, SaSThamAsikI, saptamAsikI- ye eka mahIne se prArambha hokara kramazaH do, tIna, cAra, pAMca, chaH aura sAta mahIne taka pAlana karane yogya sAta pratimAeM haiN| AThavIM, nauvIM aura dasavIM pratimA saptadivasIya tathA gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM pratimA eka divasa-rAtri kI hone se kula bAraha pratimAeM hotI haiN| saMhananayukta, dhRtiyukta, mahAsAttvika, bhAvitAtmA, sunirmita, utkRSTa se thor3A kama dasa pUrva aura jaghanya se nauveM pUrva kI tIsarI vastu taka kA zrutajJAnI, vyutsRSTakAya, tyaktakAya, jinakalpI kI taraha upasarga sahiSNu, abhigraha vAlI eSaNA lene vAlA, alepa AhAra lene vAlA, abhigrahapUrvaka upAdhi lene vAlA sAdhu hI guru se AjJA prApta kara ina pratimAoM ko dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| gaccha se nikalakara hI ina mAsikI Adi pratimAoM ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| zarada-Rtu meM zubhayoga hone para sabhI sAdhuoM se kSamAyAcanA kara gaccha se nikalakara sAdhu ina pratimAoM kI sAdhanA karatA hai| mAsika pratimA kA svarUpa (eka se sAta taka)- eka mahIne taka bhojana kI eka hI datti lenI cAhie arthAt eka bAra meM dhAra TUTe binA pAtra meM jitanA bhojana gira jAe vaha eka datti hai| isI prakAra pAnI kI bhI eka hI datti lenA caahie| bhikSA dene vAle ko bhikSA lene vAle kI datti kA patA na cale, kisI eka eSaNA se bhojana le, cikanAI rahita AhAra leM, eka hI ghara se AhAra leM...... Adi isa prakAra 21 niyamoM (abhigrahoM) kA pAlana sAdhu ko eka mahIne taka eka gAMva se dUsare gAMva meM paribhramaNa karate hue isa mAsikI pratimA kA vahana karanA caahie| eka mAsa pUrNa hone para hI vaha sAdhu jisa gAMva meM gaccha ho, usake samIpa ke gAMva meM Ae, taba AcArya usa sAdhu kI pUrI taraha se jAMca karake, rAjA ko usakI sUcanA dekara, isa sAdhu kI prazaMsA karate hue gaccha meM praveza karAte haiN| isI prakAra dvimAsikI, traimAsikI, caturmAsikI, paMcamAsikI, SaSThamAsikI, saptamAsikI pratimAoM kA bhI pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| inameM kramazaH mahIne ke sAtha-sAtha datti kI vRddhi hotI hai, jaise- dUsarI pratimA meM do mAsa taka do datti, tIsarI pratimA meM tIna mAsa taka tIna datti ityaadi| (117

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AThavIM pratimA kA svarUpa - sAta dinoM kI isa pratimA meM cauvihAra upavAsa, pAraNe meM Ayambila karate hue sAta dina gAMva ke bAhara rahakara deva, manuSya aura tiryaMca sambaMdhI upasargoM ko samabhAva se sahana karanA caahie| nauvIM pratimA kA svarUpa - yaha pratimA bhI AThavIM ke samAna hI hai, aMtara itanA hI hai ki isameM sAdhu ko utkaTuka Asana meM baiThanA, Ter3hI lakar3I ke samAna sonA yA lakar3I kI taraha lambA hokara sonA par3atA hai| ataH inameM se kisI eka sthiti meM rahakara upasargoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahanA caahie| ___dasavIM pratimA kA svarUpa - isameM uparyukta pratimA kI taraha hI godohikA, vIrAsana yA Amraphala kI taraha Ter3hA- kisI bhI eka Asana meM rahakara upasargoM ko sahana karanA hotA hai| isa prakAra ye tInoM pratimAeM 21 dina meM pUrI hotI haiN| gyArahavIM pratimA kA svarUpa - yaha pratimA eka dina-rAtri kI hai| isameM cauvihAra do divasa (bele) kA tapa karanA hotA hai| upavAsa meM cAra samaya kA bhojana tathA Age-pIche ke dinoM meM ekAsana karane se eka-eka samaya.kA bhojana, isa prakAra kula chaH samaya ke bhojana kA tyAgakara grAma ke bAhara kAyotsarga mudrA meM tIna dinoM taka yaha pratimA-prakriyA calatI hai| . bArahavIM pratimA kA svarUpa - yaha bhI eka rAtri kI pratimA hai| isameM cauvihAra arthAt tIna dina taka nirjala upavAsa karanA, aTThama tapa, kAyotsarga mudrA, sthira dRSTi, zarIra ke sabhI aMgoM meM sthiratA Adi isa tapa kI vizeSatAeM haiN| prathama rAtri ke bAda aTThama tapa karane se yaha cAra dinoM kI hotI hai| pratimAkalpa ke viSaya meM AcAryoM ke bIca matabheda dekhane ko milatA hai| kucha AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki pratimAkalpa meM pratimA ke guru-lAghava ke viSaya meM vidhivat vicAraNA nahIM huI hai, kyoMki pratimA ko svIkAra karane vAlA sAdhu gaccha se nikalakara pratimA ko svIkAra karatA hai, jabaki tapAdi to gacchavAsa aura gacchanirgamana- donoM meM samAna rUpa se kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se gacchanirgamana kama lAbhaprada hai, kyoMki usase kevala sAdhu kA apanA upakAra hotA hai| isakA samAdhAna karate hue AcArya haribhadra ne kahA hai ki yaha pratimAkalpa kevala vizeSa sAdhuoM ke lie hI hai, sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie nahIM, kyoMki dazapUrvadhara Adi ke lie pratimAkalpa varjita hai, ataH ve kevala gaccha meM rahakara hI upakAraka hote haiN| isalie pratimAkalpa meM guru-lAghava Adi kI vicAraNA nahIM huI hai, yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai| isa samasyA sambaMdhI dUsarI yukti ko prastuta karate hue (118)

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AcArya haribhadra ne kahA hai- jaba gaccha meM kisI bahuzruta sAdhu ke hone se sUtrArtha kI vRddhi ho rahI ho aura pratimAkalpa svIkAra karane vAle sAdhu meM dazapUrva se adhika zruta par3hAne kI zakti na ho, gaccha bAdhArahita ho, athavA bAla, vRddha Adi kI sevA karane vAle hoM tathA AcAryAdiM gaccha ke pAlana meM tatpara hoM, koI navIna dIkSA lene vAlA na ho, usa samaya hI pratimAkalpa ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| pratimAkalpa ko svIkAra karane ke bAda hI karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| sthavirakalpa ke anuSThAna pUrNa hone para pratimAkalpa ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| pratimAdhArI ko sadA sUtrArtha ciMtanarUpa dhyAna karanA cAhie, jo ki rAgadveSa aura moha kA vinAzaka aura mokSa kA kAraNa hone se zreSTha hai| . pratimAkalpa dhAraNa karane meM samartha sAdhu ko ise avazya svIkAra karanA cAhie, jo ayogya hoM unheM kevala abhigraha vizeSa hI grahaNa karane caahie| ina sabhI abhigrahoM ko apanI zakti aura jinAjJA ke anusAra dhAraNa karane vAle jIva zIghra hI saMsAra-sAgara se mukta ho jAte haiN| ekonaviMza paMcAzaka unnIsaveM paMcAzaka meM 'tapavidhi' kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jisase kaSAyoM kA nirodha ho, brahmacarya kA pAlana ho, jineMdradeva kI pUjA ho tathA bhojana kA tyAga ho, ve sabhI tapa kahalAte haiN| bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se tapa ke do prakAra haiM - . bAhya tapa- jo tapa bAhya jagat meM tapa ke rUpa meM dikhalAI de, use bAhya tapa kahate haiN| isake nimnalikhita prakAra haiM ____1. anazana - bhojana kA tyAga hI anazana kahalAtA hai| yaha do prakAra kA haiyAvatkathita arthAta jIvanaparyaMta taka AhAra kA tyAga tathA itvara arthAt upavAsa se lekara cha: mAha taka ke lie AhAra kA tyAga krnaa| ____2. unodarI - AvazyakatA se kama khAnA unodarI hai|| - 3. vRttisaMkSepa - bhikSAcaryA meM vizeSa abhigraha yA niyama lekara bhikSA prApta karanA vRtti saMkSepa hai| ___4. rasatyAga - dUdha, dahI Adi sabhI rasoM yA kucha rasoM kA tyAga karanA rasa tyAga hai| 5. kAyakleza - zarIra ko kaSTa denA kAyakleza hai| kisI bhI Asana meM baiThakara

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sardI, garmI, varSA Adi ko sahanA kAyakleza hai| 6. pratisaMlInatA - iMdriya, kaSAya, yoga kA nirodha karanA pratisaMlInatA hai, athavA ekAMta meM rahanA vivikta caryA hai| ___ Abhyantara tapa - ye tapa pratyakSataH tapa rUpa meM dikhalAI na dene ke kAraNa AMtarika tapa kahe jAte haiN| isake bhI nimnalikhita chaH prakAra haiM 1. prAyazcitta - apane duSkRtyoM ko guru ke samakSa vizuddhabhAva se kucha bhI chipAe binA svIkAra karanA yA guru se usake lie daNDa lenA prAyazcitta hai| 2. vinaya - jisase mAnakaSAya ko dUra kiyA jAe vaha vinaya tapa hai| jJAna, darzana, cAritra, mana, vacana, kAya aura upacAra- ye usake sAta bheda haiN| 3. vaiyAvRtya - vyAvRta arthAt AhAra Adi lAkara dene rUpa sevA krnaa| sevA kI vRtti aura sevA ke kArya hI vaiyAvRtya haiN| AcArya, upAdhyAya, sthavira, tapasvI, glAna, zaikSa aura saMgha kI vaiyAvRtya karanI caahie| 4. svAdhyAya - acchI taraha maryAdApUrvaka adhyayana karanA hI svAdhyAya kahalAtA hai| isake vAcanA, pRcchanA, parAvartanA, anuprekSA aura dharmakathA- ye pAMca bheda haiN| . 5. dhyAna - citta kI ekAgratA dhyAna kahalAtI hai| isake Artta, raudra, dharma aura zukla- ina cAra bhedoM meM kramazaH prathama do saMsAra ke va aMtima do mokSa ke kAraNa haiN| aMtima do hI dhyAna rUpa tapa haiN| 6. utsarga - tyAga karanA utsarga hai| dravya aura bhAva,utsarga meM kramazaH gaNa, deha, AhAra aura upAdhi tathA cAra kaSAya kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| isa paMcAzaka meM uparyukta bAraha prakAra ke tapoM ke atirikta bhI tapoM ke prakAra batAe gae haiM, jo nimna prakAra haiM prakIrNa tapa - tIrthaMkaroM dvArA unakI dIkSA, kaivalyajJAna-prApti aura nirvANaprApti ke samaya jo tapa kie gae the, unake anusAra jo tapa kie jAte haiM , ve prakIrNaka tapa ke aMtargata Ate haiN| tIrthaMkara nirgamana tapa - jisa tapa se tIrthaMkara dIkSA lete haiM, vaha tIrthaMkara nirgamana tapa kahalAtA hai| jaise sumatinAtha bhagavAn ne, nityabhakta, vAsupUjya bhagavAn ne upavAsa, pArzvanAtha aura mallinAtha bhagavAn ne aTThama va bAkI bIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne cha? tapa karake dIkSA lI thii| (17)

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cAndrAyaNa tapa - anukrama aura viparIta krama se bhikSA kI dattiyoM, upavAsoM yA kavaloM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi aura kamI karane se cAndrAyaNa tapa hotA hai| rohiNI Adi vividha tapa - rohiNI, ambA, mandapuNyikA Adi nau devatAoM ko uddiSTa karake kie jAne vAle tapa rohiNI Adi tapa kahalAte haiN| sarvAMgasuMdara tapa - zukla pakSa meM eka-eka dina ke aMtara se ATha upavAsa aura pAraNe ke dina Ayambila karanA sarvAMgasuMdara tapa hai| nirujazikha tapa - kRSNapakSa meM sarvAMgasuMdara tapa kI bhAMti hI tapa karanA nirujazikha tapa kahalAtA hai| isameM rogI kI sevA karane kA niyama lenA hotA hai| paramabhUSaNa tapa - eka-eka dina ke aMtara se battIsa Ayambila karanA, jinapratimA ko tilaka lagAnA, AbhUSaNa car3hAnA Adi paramabhUSaNa tapa hai| Apattijanaka tapa - eka-eka dina ke aMtara se battIsa Ayambila karanA Apattijanaka tapa hai| vizeSarUpa se dharmakAryoM meM bala aura vIrya nahIM chipAne para hI yaha tapa hotA hai| . saubhAgyakalpavRkSa tapa - caitra mahIne meM eka-eka dina ke aMtara se upavAsa karanA aura pAraNe meM muniyoM ko dAna dekara sarasa bhojana karanA saubhAgyakalpavRkSa tapa hai| __ darzana-jJAna-cAritra tapa - inake lie tIna aSTama (tIna teloM) se tapa vizeSa hotA hai| isameM prathama darzanaguNa, dUsarA jJAnaguNa aura tIsarA cAritraguNa kI zuddhi ke lie hai| ina tapoM meM jIva zraddhApUrvaka kriyA karatA hai, isalie nidAna arthAt AkAMkSArahita hotA hai| zraddhA se zubha adhyavasAya hotA hai aura zubha adhyavasAya se bodhibIja kI prApti hotI hai, jo ki saMsAra se mukti kA kAraNa banatI hai| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya haribhadra bahuAyAmI vyaktitva ke dhanI eka viziSTa pratibhAsampanna AcArya rahe haiN| unake dvArA kI gaI sAhitya sevA na kevala jaina sAhitya, apitu sampUrNa bhAratIya vAMgmaya meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai| haribhadra ne jo udAtta dRSTi, asAmpradAyika vRtti aura nirbhayatA apanI kRtiyoM meM pradarzita kI hai, vaisI unake pUrvavartI athavA uttaravartI kisI bhI jaina-jainetara vidvAn ne zAyada hI pradarzita kI ho| unhoMne anya darzanoM ke vivecana kI eka svastha paramparA sthApita kI tathA dArzanika aura yoga-paramparA meM vicAra evaM vartana kI jo abhinava dazA udghATita kI vaha vizeSakara

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Aja ke yuga ke asAmpradAyika evaM tulanAtmaka aitihAsika adhyayana ke kSetra meM adhika vyavahArya hai| prastuta graMtha kA hindI anuvAda DaoN.dInAnAtha zarmA ne kiyA hai| sampAdana kArya meM DaoN.kamaleza kumAra jaina, bhUmikA-lekhana meM DaoN. sudhA jaina evaM graMtha kI prakAzana vyavasthA meM DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya kA apekSita sahayoga milA hai, etadartha hama ina sabhI sahayogiyoM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| pustaka sambaMdhI suvidhAeM upalabdha karAne ke lie graMthAlayI omaprakAza siMha nizcaya hI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| zrAvakadharmavidhi prakaraNa kI bhUmikA . (IsvI san 8vIM zatI) prastuta kRti meM AcArya haribhadra ne zrAvaka zabda ke vyutpattiparaka artha ko spaSTa karate hue jinavANI kA zravaNa karane vAle ko zrAvaka kahA hai, kiMtu yahI paryApta nahIM hai, unakI dRSTi meM zrAvaka hone ke lie kucha yogyatAeM bhI apekSita haiN| unhoMne isa tathya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jo zrAvaka dharma kA adhikArI hai arthAt zrAvaka hone kI pAtratA rakhatA hai usake dvArA hI zrAvaka dharma kA AcaraNa sambhava hai| anadhikArI yA apAtra vyakti ke dvArA kiyA gayA zrAvaka dharma kA paripAlana bhI jinezvaradeva kI AjJAbhaMga ke doSa se dUSita hone ke kAraNa adharma hI bana jAtA hai| AcArya haribhadra kI dRSTi meM zrAvaka dharma kA adhikArI yA pAtra vahI vyakti ho sakatA hai jo dUsaroM se bhayabhIta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki dhArmika cetanA kA vikAsa nirbhaya mAnasikatA meM hI sambhava hai| punaH AcArya kahate haiM ki zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana koI bhI vyakti apanI kula paramparA se prApta zuddha AjIvikA kA arjana karate hue kara sakatA hai| zrAvaka dharma kI pAtratA ke lakSaNoM kI carcA karate hue ve yaha batAte haiM ki dharma ke prati prIti rakhanA, na to kisI kI niMdA karanA aura na niMdA sunanA, apitu niMdakoM para bhI karuNA rakhanA zrAvaka dharma kI ArAdhanA ke lie Avazyaka hai| haribhadra kI dRSTi meM jijJAsuvRtti aura citta kI ekAgratA bhI dharma sAdhanA ke lie anya mukhya aMga haiN| isI prakAra niyata samaya para caityavaMdana (deva-vaMdana) guru kI vinaya, ucita Asana para baiThakara dharmazravaNa, svAdhyAya meM satata upayoga- ye sabhI.zrAvaka dharma ke AcaraNa (122)

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ke lie Avazyaka haiN| Age AcArya haribhadra zrAvaka-AcAra kI viziSTatA batAte hue kahate haiM ki apane.sadAcaraNa se sabhI kA priya honA, aniMdita karma se AjIvikA upArjana karanA, Apatti meM dhairya rakhanA, yathAzakti tapa, tyAga aura dharma kA AcaraNa karanA, yahI zrAvaka ke mukhya lakSaNa haiN| uparyukta guNoM se yukta hone para hI gRhastha dharma kA paripAlana sambhava hotA hai, ina guNoM ke abhAva meM jina-AjJA kI virAdhanA hotI hai aura zrAvaka dharma ke paripAlana kI pAtratA hI samApta ho jAtI hai| - gRhastha dharma ke adhikArI ke lakSaNoM kI carcA ke uparAMta AcArya haribhadra ne prastuta kRti meM isa bAta para adhika bala diyA hai ki paMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata rUpI zrAvaka dharma kA mUla AdhAra samyaktva hai| prastuta kRti meM AcArya ne samyaktva ke saMdarbha meM vistRta vivecanA prastuta kI hai| sarvaprathama unhoMne samyaktva ke kSAyika, aupazamika aura kSAyopazamika - aise tIna prakAroM kI carcA kI hai| isI prasaMga meM unhoMne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki jo na svayaM mithyAtva kA sevana karatA hai aura na karavAtA hai aura na karane vAle kA anumodana karatA hai vahI samyaktva kA adhikArI hotA hai| mithyAtva ke anekarUpoM kI carcA karate hue AcArya ne sarvaprathama mukti ke nimitta sarAgI laukika devatAoM kI upAsanA ko mithyAtva pratipAdita kiyA hai| ina laukika devoM kI puSpamAlA Adi se pUjA karanA, vastrAdi se unakA satkAra karanA tathA mAnasika rUpa se unake prati prIti bhAva rakhanA- haribhadra kI dRSTi meM ye sabhI mithyAtva ke lakSaNa haiN| isI prakAra unhoMne vItarAga lokottamadeva ke lakSaNa ko laukika devoM para ghaTita karanA bhI mithyAtva mAnA haiM, unakI dRSTi meM zuddha dharmAcaraNa se vimukha tApasa, zAkyaputrIya zramaNa Adi anya tairthikoM se saMsarga rakhanA, unakI prazaMsA karanA aura unake AdezoM kA pAlana karanA bhI mithyAtva ke lakSaNa haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM AcArya ne spaSTa rUpa se jaina muni ke veza ko dhAraNa karane vAle, kiMtu jina-AjJA kA samyak rUpa se pAlana nahIM karane vAle pArzvastha Adi jainAbhAsoM ke vaMdana, pUjana ko bhI mithyAtva hI mAnA hai| isI tathya ko spaSTa karate hue unhoMne zithilAcArI, khinna mana se muni jIvana jIne vAle, AcArahIna, nitya eka sthAna para rahane vAle, nimitta Adi vidyAoM ke lokaraMjana karane vAle, svecchAcArI jaina zramaNoM ko bhI vaMdanIya nahIM mAnA hai, unakI dRSTi meM aise jaina zramaNoM ke vaMdana Adi se bhI mithyAtva kI hI abhivRddhi hotI hai| AcArya ke anusAra aise sAdhuoM kA saMsarga bhI samyaktva kA nAzaka mAnA gayA hai| isI krama meM svecchAcArI ko paribhASita karate hue unhoMne batAyA hai ki jo Agama viruddha AcaraNa karatA hai aura jina vacanoM kI Agama viruddha manamAne DhaMga se vyAkhyAeM (123

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karatA hai, vaha svecchAcArI hai| sAtha hI aisA tathAkathita zramaNa Rddhi-gaurava, sukha-gaurava aura rasa-gaurava meM DUbA rahatA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, vaha caityAdi ke nirmANa meM aura unake nimitta se dhana-dhAnya kI vRddhi karane hetu kuoM, bagIcA Adi banavAne meM pravRtta rahatA hai tathA zrAvakoM para manamAne DhaMga se kara Adi lagAkara sampatti ekatra karatA hai| isa prakAra Agama viruddha AcaraNa karane vAle, jina-vacana kI manamAne DhaMga se anyathA vyAkhyA karane vAle svacchaMda muniyoM ke upAzraya Adi meM jAkara dharma zravaNa Adi kriyAeM bhI haribhadra kI dRSTi meM mithyAtva kA hI kAraNa haiN| zraddhAvAna zrAvaka aise svecchAcArI maniyoM ke samparka meM Akara nizcita hI apane samyaktva ko dUSita karatA hai| suvihitoM aura svecchAcAriyoM ke upadezoM meM visaMvAda hone ke kAraNa usake mana meM saMdeha utpanna hotA hai| prastuta kRti meM AcArya haribhadra to yahAM taka kahate haiM ki aise svecchAcArI muniyoM ke caitya, upAzraya Adi sthAna bhI mithyAtva ke hetu hone se adharmAyatana hI haiN| zrAvaka ko ina sAdhuoM ke samparka Adi ko bhI mithyAtva kA janaka jAnakara tyAga karanA caahie| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya haribhadra ne na kevala chadmavezI matAvalambI tApasoM Adi ke samparka, satkAra, stuti Adi ko mithyAtva kA kAraNa mAnA, apitu una jaina muniyoM ke jo Agama viruddha AcaraNa karate haiM, ke samparka, satkAra, sammAna Adi ko bhI mithyAtva kA kAraNa mAnA hai aura sadgRhastha ko unase dUra rahane kA hI nirdeza diyA hai| AcArya haribhadra zrAvaka dharma ke AdhArabhUta tattva samyak-darzana kI isa vyAkhyA ke prasaMga meM spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki yadi svayaM ina zithilAcAriyoM ke upadeza kA pratiSedha karane meM asamartha ho to, unake upadeza sunane kI apekSA apane kAnoM ko baMda kara lenA hI acchA hai| isa prakAra unhoMne gRhastha sAdhakoM ko spaSTa rUpa se yaha nirdeza diyA hai ki manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA na to mithyAtva kA sevana kare, na karAe aura na mithyAtva kA sevana karane vAle kA anumodana kre| AcArya anumodana kI sUkSmatA se carcA karate hue yahAM taka kahate haiM ki mithyAdRSTiyoM ke madhya meM nivAsa karanA, unake sAtha khAna-pAna karanA aura unake vicAroM kA pratizravaNa karanA bhI usa sthiti meM mithyAtva kA anumodana ho jAtA hai jaba usase samyaktva ke dUSita hone kI sambhAvanA ho, yadyapi isa carcA ke prasaMga meM haribhadra yaha avazya svIkAra karate haiM ki mAtra sAtha rahane athavA khAna-pAna Adi sAtha-sAtha karane se mithyAtva kA anumodana nahIM ho jAtA hai| AcArya kI dRSTi meM ina paristhitiyoM meM mithyAtva kA anumodana tabhI hotA hai, jaba vyakti svayaM unameM sammilita hokara unheM acchA samajhane lagatA hai| mAtra paraspara eka dUsare ke sAtha rahane Adi se hI kisI ko eka (124)

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dUsare kA samarthaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| nagara meM rAjA, amAtya, zreSThI, kalAjIvI, vaNik, mAlAkAra, svarNakAra evaM sevakajana saba sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM, phira bhI unheM eka dUsare kA samarthaka nahIM kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH saMvAsa yA paraspara bhoga-upabhoga meM anumati sambhava nahIM hai| AcArya tarka dete haiM ki yadi yaha ho to phira samyaktva meM bhI una sabakI anumati mAnanI hogii| punaH aisI sthiti meM abhavyajanoM kA bhI samyaktva meM anumodana mAnanA hogA, jise jaina paramparA svayaM svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| aMta meM AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM ki samyaktva ke sAdhaka zrAvaka ko mithyAtva se virata hokara guru ke samIpa vItarAga arahaMta paramAtmA mere deva arthAt ArAdhya haiM, ahiMsA Adi pAMca mahAvratoM kA paripAlana karane vAle sAdhu hI mere guru haiM aura ahiMsA hI dharma hai- aisI pratipatti svIkAra karanI caahie| samyaktva kI carcA ke prasaMga meM AcArya haribhadra ne ATha darzanAcAroM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| prastuta kRti meM AcArya ne na kevala ATha darzanAcAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, apitu unakI vistRta vivecanA bhI kI hai aura isa prasaMga meM unhoMne jainadharmadarzana ke aneka mahattvapUrNa prasaMgoM ko uThAyA bhI hai| nizzaMkitatva kI carcA karate hue pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM ye prazna uThAte haiM ki jIvoM ke upayoga lakSaNa samAna haiM, phira bhI eka ko bhavya aura dUsare ko abhavya kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? athavA eka paramANu-pUrita pradeza (kSetra) meM dUsare paramANu avagAhana kaise kara sakate haiM aura usI pradeza meM sarvavyApI hokara kaise rahate haiM? kyoMki paramANu se sUkSma to kucha hotA hI nahIM hai aura pratyeka paramANu eka AkAza pradeza kA avagAhana karake rahatA hai, ataH eka hI AkAza pradeza meM aneka paramANu sarvavyApI kese raha sakate haiM? haribhadra kI dRSTi meM eka deza viSayaka arthAt AMzika zaMkAe haiN| isI krama meM gaNipiTaka (jaina Agama) sAmAnya puruSoM ke dvArA racita hai athavA asarvajJa ke dvArA racita hai? aisI zaMkA karanA sarva viSayaka sarvAMza zaMkA hai, kyoMki isase samyaktva kA AdhAra hI samApta ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra nirAkAMkSA kI carcA karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki karmoM kA phala milegA yA na milegA, isa prakAra kA vicAra karanA AkAMkSA hai| isI prasaMga meM AcArya ne yaha bhI kahA hai, svadharma kA tyAga kara dUsare dharma darzanoM kI icchA karanA bhI AkAMkSA kA hI rUpa hai| kisI anya dharma kI AkAMkSA karanA eka deza arthAt AMzika AkAMkSA hai| isase bhinna sabhI matoM kI AkAMkSA karanA yA yaha mAnanA ki ve sabhI dharma yA darzana mokSa kI ora hI le jAte haiM, sarva viSayaka AkAMkSA hai| yahAM AcArya ne zaMkA ke prasaMga meM peyagAI' aura AkAMkSA ke prasaMga meM rAjA aura AmAtya' kI kathA kA nirdeza

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diyA hai| yadyapi prastuta kRti meM hameM kahIM bhI aise saMketa upalabdha nahIM hote haiM, jisase yaha kathA kyA hai, isakA vivecana kara skeN| isI krama meM nirvicikitsA aMga kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vicikitsA arthAt ghRNA bhI do prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai, eka deza viSayaka aura dUsarI sarva viSayakavi-cikitsA ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya ne kahA hai ki caityavaMdana vratapAlana Adi anuSThAna saphala hoMge yA niSphala hoMge athavA inakA phala milegA yA nahIM? aisI kuzaMkA ko vicikitsA kahA jAtA hai, kiMtu sAmAnyatayA vicikitsA kA tAtparya jaina sAdhu ke malina zarIra yA vastrAdi ko dekhakara ghRNA krnaa| pUrva meM svayaM AcArya haribhadra ne vicikitsA ke isI artha kA nirdeza kiyA hai, kiMtu prastuta prasaMga meM unhoMne vicikitsA kA eka nayA artha diyA hai| vicikitsA ke saMdarbha meM AcArya ne zraddhAhInazrAvaka aura vidyA kI sAdhanA karane vAle cora kA udAharaNa tathA pratyantavAsI zrAvaka putrI kI kathA kA nirdeza bhI kiyA hai| amUDhadRSTi darzanAcAra kA pratipAdana karate hue unhoMne batAyA hai ki bauddha Adi itara dharmAlambiyoM kI vibhinna prakAra kI sAdhanA vidhiyoM ke prati AkarSita nahIM honA evaM unake pUjA, satkAra Adi ko dekhakara bhrAnta nahIM honA hI amUr3hadRSTi haiN| viziSTa tapa karane vAle, vRddha, glAna, rogI, zaikSa Adi kI sevA zuzrUSA karane vAle vinayavAna evaM svAdhyAyI muniyoM kI prazaMsA karanA apabRMhaNa hai| isI prakAra dharmamArga se cyuta hote hue vyaktiyoM ko punaH dharmamArga meM sthira karanA stharIkaraNa hai| vastutaH yaha dharmasAdhanA ke kSetra meM khinna hue vyaktiyoM ko protsAhita kara unheM sAdhanA meM pratiketa karanA hai| svadharmIvAtsalya ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM ki svadharmI janoM ke prati vAtsalya yA anurAga rakhanA, kaSTa ke samaya unakI sahAyatA karanA svadharmIvAtsalya hai| AcArya ne amUDhadRSTi ke prasaMga meM sulasA zrAvikA kI, upabaMhaNa ke saMdarbha meM rAjA zreNika kI, sthirIkaraNa ke prasaMga meM ASAr3hAcArya aura vAtsalya ke prasaMga meM vajrasvAmI kI kathAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| aMtima prabhAvanA aMga kI carcA karate hue ve kahate haiM ki vibhinna prakAra kI labdhiyoM (RddhiyoM), vividha prakAra kI vidyAoM (taMtra-maMtra Adi), aSTAMgajyotiSa nimittazAstra Adi meM pAraMgata hokara unake mAdhyama se jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA karanA samyaka-darzana kA prabhAvanA aMga hai| AcArya ne yahAM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki samyaktva kA bodha hone para bhI vrata pratipatti

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arthAt aNuvratoM Adi ko grahaNa karane kI bhAvanA vaikalpika ho sakatI hai, kiMtu aise vyakti ko bhI sevA evaM svAdhyAya Adi to niyama se karanA hI caahie| AcArya yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki eka bAra samyaktva kI prApti ho jAne para saMsAra samudra ko pAra karane ke lie naukA ke samAna vrata Adi bhI kAlAntara meM avazya hI prApta hote haiN| samyaktva kI carcA ke uparAMta prastuta kRti meM pAMca aNuvratoM, tIna guNavratoM aura cAra zikSAvratoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa saMdarbha meM AcArya haribhadra ne tattvArthasUtra kA anusaraNa na karake upAsakadazA ke krama kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| mAtra aMtara yaha hai ki yahAM upAsakadazA meM aNuvrata evaM zikSAvrata aisA dvividha vargIkaraNa hai, vahAM AcArya haribhadra ne kAlAntara meM vikasita aNuvrata, guNavrata evaM zikSAvrata aisA trividha vargIkaraNa kiyA hai| zrAvaka ke vratoM kI isa carcA ke prasaMga meM prastuta kRti meM AcArya haribhadra ne zrAvaka ko kisa vrata kA paripAlana, kitane yogoM aura kitane kAraNoM se karanA hotA hai, isakI vistRta carcA kI hai| AcArya haribhadra ne karaNa aura yoga ke saMdarbha meM kula bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA 49 mAnI hai, usako bhI atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna ke sAtha guNita karane para kula 147 bhaMga mAne haiM aura yaha bhI batAyA hai ki bharatakSetra ke madhyakhaNDa ke bAhara anumatiniSedha ke tIna bhaMga kama karane para svayaM ke viSaya meM 144 bhaMga hote haiN| yahAM yaha bhI carcA kI gaI hai ki bharatakSetra ke bAhara zrAvakoM ke bhI sarvavrata sAdhu ke samAna hI tInakaraNa aura tInayoga se hI hote haiN| jJAtavya hai ki yoga (sAdhana) tIna haiM- 1. mana, 2. vacana aura 3. kaayaa| inake saMyoga se kula sAta bhaMga (vikalpa) hote haiN| yathA- 1. mana, 2. vacana, 3. kAyA, 4. mana aura vacana, 5. mana aura kAyA, 6. vacana aura kAyA tathA 7. mana, vacana aura kaayaa| isI prakAra karaNa bhI tIna haiM- 1. karanA, 2. karAnA aura 3. anumodn| inake bhI sAMyogika bhaMga sAta hI hoMge yathA- 1. karanA, 2. karAnA, 3. anumodana, 4. karanA aura karAnA, 5. karanA aura anumodana karanA, 6. karAnA aura anumodana karanA tathA 7. karanA, karAnA evaM anumodana krnaa| isa prakAra sAta yoga aura sAta karaNa ko paraspara guNita karane para unapacAsa (7X7F49) bhaMga hote haiN| ye unapacAsa bhaMga bhI tIna karaNoM kI apekSA se eka sau seMtAlIsa (49X 3 = 147) bhaMga ho jAte haiN| . isa carcA ke pazcAt prastuta kRti meM AcArya ne zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM aura unake pratyeka ke aticAroM kI vistRta carcA kI hai| AcArya haribhadra ne bhI sAmAnyatayA to unhIM aticAroM kI carcA kI hai, jo anya graMthoM meM bhI varNita haiN| haribhadra ke dvArA varNita aticAroM kI yaha sUcI upAsakadazA se bahuta kucha milatI hai, kiMtu kucha avadhAraNAoM ko (127)

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lekara haribhadra kA matavaibhinya bhI dRSTigata hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jahAM chaThe digvata kI carcA meM jahAM anya AcAryoM ne dUsare guNavratoM ke samAna ina guNavratoM ko bhI AjIvana ke lie grAhya mAnA hai, vahAM AcArya haribhadra ne divrata kA niyama cAturmAsa yA usase kucha adhika mahInoM ke lie hI batAyA hai| Azcarya yaha bhI hai ki unhoMne divrata ke sarvamAnya aticAroM yathA-Urdhva, adho evaM tiryak dizA kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa Adi kI carcA ke sAtha hI sAtha nirdhArita kSetra ke bAhara Anayana aura preSaNa ko bhI digvrata kA aticAra mAnA hai| sAmAnyatayA inakI carcA dezAvakAzika nAmaka zikSAvrata meM kI jAtI hai| zeSa guNavratoM kI carcA meM koI viziSTa aMtara nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| cAra zikSAvratoM kA vivecana bhI unhoMne upAsakadazA kI paramparA ke anusAra kiyA hai| aNuvratoM, guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM ke prasaMga meM unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jahAM pAMca aNuvrata aura tIna guNavrata AjIvana ke lie grahaNa kie jAte haiM, vahAM zikSAvrata nizcita samaya ke athavA dinoM ke lie hI grahaNa kie jAte haiN| zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM kI isa carcA ke pazcAt unhoMne saMlekhanA kA ullekha to kiyA hai, kiMtu use zrAvaka kA Avazyaka karttavya nahIM mAnA hai| graMtha ke aMta meM unhoMne zrAvaka ke aise kucha viziSTa karttavyoM kI bhI carcA kI hai, jina para samyaktva evaM bAraha vratoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM koI vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| ina viziSTa karttavyoM kI carcA karate hue AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM ki zrAvaka ko usI nagara meM nivAsa karanA cAhie, jahAM jina maMdira ho, sAdhuoM kA Agamana hotA ho aura zrAvakoM kA nivAsa ho| isI krama meM zrAvaka ke nitya kartavyoM kI carcA karate hue ve likhate haiM ki zrAvaka ko nidrA sare jAgRta hote hI namaskAra maMtra kA pATha karanA cAhie aura vratadhArI zrAvaka ke lie AcaraNIya vratoM kA ciMtana karanA cAhie, phira jina maMdira meM jAkara jinapratimA kI pUjA-arcanA kara caityavaMdana karanA caahie| usake pazcAt guru ke samIpa jAkara unakI ucita sevA zuzrUSA karanA cAhie aura unake upadeza ko sunakara yathAzakti tyAga, pratyAkhyAna karanA cAhie, phira apanA vyavasAya evaM bhojana Adi karanA caahie| saMdhyA ke samaya bhI caityavaMdana aura gurujanoM kA vaMdana karanA caahie| jIvana kI saMdhyA belA meM putra ko apane sthAna para sthApita karake vizeSa rUpa se dharma-sAdhanA karanI cAhie, tAki jIvana ke aMta meM bhavaviraha arthAt mokSa kI prApti ho ske| basa 'bhavaviraha' isa aMtima (128)

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nirdeza ke sAtha prastuta kRti samApta hotI hai| kRti ke aMta meM bhavaviraha' kA nirdeza hone se yaha bhI sunizcita ho jAtA hai ki prastuta kRti yAkinIsUnu AcArya haribhadra kI hI kRti hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya haribhadra ne apane tIna graMthoM zrAvakadharmapaMcAzaka, zrAvakaprajJapti (sAvayapannati) tathA prastuta kRti ke zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNa meM zrAvaka dharma kA vivecana kiyA hai| jahAM eka ora zrAvakadharmapaMcAzaka mAtra 50 gAthAoM kI saMkSipta kRti hai, vahIM dUsarI ora zrAvakaprajJapti lagabhaga 400 gAthAoM meM racita eka vistRta graMtha hai| isake viparIta zrAvakadharmavidhi prakaraNa 120 gAthAoM meM racita eka madhyama AkAra kI kRti hai| isa kRti kA vaiziSTya yahI hai ki isameM jahAM zrAvaka ke vratoM kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha samyaktva kI carcA paryApta vistAra se kI gaI hai| jahAM taka merI jAnakArI hai, abhI taka isa graMtha kA koI bhI anuvAda upalabdha nahIM thaa| prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI ne isa graMtha kA hindI va aMgrejI anuvAda karavAkara use prakAzita karane kA eka mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha aura prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI ne milakara AcArya haribhadra ke vibhinna graMthoM kI anuvAda sahita prakAzana kI yojanA banAI hai vaha saphala ho aura madhyayuga ke isa udAracetA samadarzI maharSi AcArya haribhadra kI kRtiyoM se jana-jana lAbhAnvita ho yahI eka mAtra apekSA hai| aMta meM maiM prAkRta bhAratI ke nidezaka mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karatA hUM ki unhoMne prastuta kRti kI bhUmikA ke lie na kevala mujhe Agraha kiyA, apitu merI vyaktigata vyastatAoM ke kAraNa dIrghakAla taka isakI pratIkSA bhI kii| prastuta kRti ke anuvAda meM apekSita pariSkAra evaM saMzodhana maiMne apanI alpamati ke anusAra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, phira bhI bhUleM raha jAnA sambhava hai, ataH vidvAnoM se anurodha hai ki ve apane sujhAvoM se hameM lAbhAnvita kareM, tAki bhaviSya meM aura bhI apekSita parimArjana kiyA jA ske|

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pravacana sAroddhAra kI bhUmikA (I.san 13vIM zatI) pravacanasAroddhAra jaisA ki nAma se hI spaSTa hai, jaina dharma evaM darzana kA sArabhUta, kiMtu Akara graMtha hai| isakA viSaya vaividhya evaM kartA kI vyApaka saMgrAhaka dRSTi, ise jainavidyA ke laghu vizva-koSa kI zreNI meM lAkara rakha detI hai| vastutaH, yaha eka saMgrahagraMtha hai, jisameM jainavidyA ke vividha AyAmoM ko samAhita karane kA lekhaka ne anupama prayAsa kiyaa| yadyapi isake pUrva AcArya haribhadra sUri (vikrama saMvat kI AThavIM zatI) ne apane graMtha aSTaka SoDazaka, vizikA, paMcAzaka Adi meM jaina dharma, darzana aura sAdhanA ke vividha pakSoM ko samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, phira bhI viSaya vaividhya kI apekSA se ye graMtha bhI itane vyApaka nahIM hai, jitanA pravacanasAroddhAra hai| isameM 276 dvAra haiM aura pratyeka dvAra eka-eka viSaya kA vivecana prastuta karatA hai, isa prakAra prastuta kRti meM jaina vidyA se . sambaMdhita 276 viSayoM kA vivecana hai| isase isakA bahuAyAmI svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| prastuta kRti 1599 prAkRta gAthAoM meM nibaddha hai| mAtrA gAthA (zloka) kramAMka 971 saMskRta meM hai| isakI bhASA mahArASTrI prAkRta hai| chandoM kI apekSA se isameM AryA chanda kI hI pramukhatA hai, yadyapi anya chanda bhI upalabdha hote haiN| isa kRti ke avalokana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina paramparA meM I.pU. chaThI zatI se lekara IsA kI terahavIM zatI taka lagabhaga do hajAra varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM prAkRta meM graMtha lekhana kI jIvita paramparA rahI hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, isake pazcAt Aja taka bhI prAkRta bhASA meM graMtha likhe jA rahe haiM, jo jaina vidvAnoM kI prAkRta ke prati pratibaddhatA ke sUcaka haiN| prastuta kRti ke lekhaka ne isake atirikta anantanAhacariyaM nAmaka eka anya graMtha bhI prAkRta bhASA meM likhA hai, isase lekhaka kA prAkRta bhASA para adhikAra siddha hotA hai| sAtha hI prastuta kRti meM vividha viSayoM kA saMgraha usake kartA kI bahuzrutatA kA bhI paricaya detA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra ke racayitA pravacanasAroddhAra nAmaka prastuta kRti ke racayitA AcArya nemicaMdrasUri haiM, kiMtu ye nemicaMdrasUri kauna haiM aura kaba hue? isa sambaMdha meM thor3I vistRta vivecanA apekSita hai| yadyapi pravacanasaroddhAra kI kartA prazasti meM graMthakAra ne isake racanA kAla kA (130

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ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, kiMtu unhoMne apanA aura apanI guru paramparA kA saMkSipta, kiMtu spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai| kartA prazasti meM ve likhate haiM dharma rUpI pRthvI kA uddhAra karane meM mahAvarAha ke samAna jinacaMdrasUri ke ziSya AmradevasUri hue| unake ziSya nemicaMdrasUri, jo vijayasena gaNadhara se kaniSTha aura yazodevasUri se jyeSTha the, ne siddhAMta rUpI ratnAkara se ratnoM kA cayana karake pravacanasAroddhAra kI racanA kii|' isa prakAra pravacanasAroddhAra kI isa kartA prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru paramparA meM kevala apane praguru jinacaMdrasUri aura guru AmradevasUri ke hI nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, unake gaccha Adi kA vistRta vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai, kiMtu apane dvArA hI racita anantanAthacaritra kI kartA prazasti meM apanI gaccha paramparA aura guru paramparA kA adhika vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai| phira bhI uparokta donoM prazastiyoM ke sAMsArika jIvana ke sambaMdha meM koI bhI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| anantanAthacarita se itanA vizeSa jJAta hotA hai ki ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke bRhadgaccha meM dIkSita hue the| usameM isa bRhadgaccha kA prArambha devasUri se batAyA gayA hai| ina devasUri ke ziSya AdityadevasUri hue| AdityadevasUri ke ziSya AnaMdadevasUri aura AnaMdadevasUri ke ziSya nemicaMdrasUri (prathama) hue| usameM inheM siddhAMta ke rahasyoM kA jJAtA bhI kahA gayA hai| inhoMne laghuvIracarita, uttarAdhyayanavRtti, AkhyAnaka-maNikoSa evaM ratnacUDacarita Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI thii| prazasti meM ina nemicaMdrasUri kA jisa prakAra se guNagAna kiyA gayA hai, usase yahI siddha hotA hai pravacanasAroddhAra ke kartA ye nemicaMdrasUri (prathama) nahIM hai, kyoMki graMthakAra prazasti meM svayaM apanI prazaMsA isa rUpa meM nahIM kara sakatA hai| isI prazasti meM Age AnandadevasUri ke dUsare do ziSyoM pradyotanasUri aura jinacaMdrasUri kA ullekha bhI huA hai aura ina jinacaMdrasUri ke AmradevasUri aura zrIcaMdrasUri aise do ziSya hue| ye AmradevasUri AkhyAnaka-maNikoSa kI vRtti ke racayitA haiN| prazasti ke anusAra inhIM AmradevasUri ke ziSyoM meM haribhadrasUri, vijayasenasUri, yazodevasUri aura nemicaMdrasUri (dvitIya) Adi hue| yahI nemicaMdrasUri (dvitIya) isa pravacanasAroddhAra ke kartA haiN| __ apane anantanAthacarita kI graMtha prazasti meM ina nemicaMdrasUri ne apane ko mandamati kahA hai, isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki ye nemicaMdrasUri (dvitIya) hI usa anantanAthacarita evaM pravacanasAroddhAra nAmaka prastuta kRti ke kartA haiN| nemicaMdrasUri ne usa prazasti meM apane jina anya guru bhrAtAoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai, unameM yazodevasUri ko lakSaNa, chanda, (131)

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alaMkAra, tarka, sAhitya aura siddhAMta kA jJAtA kahA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki ye yazodevasUri hI prastuta kRti ke saMzodhaka bhI the| isa samagra carcA ke AdhAra para prastuta kRti ke kartA nemicaMdrasUri (dvitIya) kI jo guru paramparA nirdhArita hotI hai, use nimna sAriNI ke dvArA spaSTatayA samajhA jA sakatA hai bRhadgacchIya devasUri AdityadevasUri AnandevasUri (paTTadhara) nemicaMdrasUri (prathama) (paTTadhara) pradyotanasUri paTTadhara jinacaMdrasUri (paTTadhara) zrIcaMdrasUri (ziSya) AmradevasUri (ziSya) / / haribhadrasUri vijayasenasUri nemicaMdrasUri yazodevasUri guNAkara pArzvadeva / / prastuta kRti kA racanAkAla yadyapi pravacanasAroddhAra kI prazasti meM usake racanAkAla kA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai, kiMtu usake kartA nemicaMdrasUri (dvitIya) kA sattAkAla vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdi ke uttarArdha se lekara 13vIM zatAbdi ke pUrvArdha taka sunizcita hai| unhoMne apane anantanAhacariyaM meM usake racanAkAla kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai| graMtha ke racanAkAla ke sambaMdha meM graMtha kI aMtima prazasti meM unhoMne 'rasacaMdasUrasaMkhe varise vikkamanivAo vaDhate' aisA spaSTa spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki isa graMtha kI racanA vi.saM. 1216 meM huI thii| isa kRti meM kumArapAla ke rAjyakAla kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza hai| isase bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki unhoMne jaba vi.saM. 1216 meM anantanAhacariyaM kI racanA kI thI, taba gujarAta meM kumArapAla zAsana kara rahA thaa| ataH unakA sattAkAla vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdi ke (132

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uttarArdha se 13vIM zatAbdi ke pUrvArdha taka siddha hotA hai| IsvI san kI dRSTi se to unakA sattAkAla IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdi sunizcita hai| pravacanasAroddhAra ke TIkAkAra siddhasenasUri ne isakI TIkA kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1248 matAntara se vikrama saMvat 1278 meM kI thii| TIkA prazasti se isa TIkA ke racanAkAla kA zabdoM ke mAdhyama se karisAgararavisaMkhye' aisA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| yahAM yaha matabheda isalie hai ki sAgara zabda se kucha loga cAra aura kucha loga sAta kI saMkhyA kA grahaNa karate haiN| sAgara se cAra saMkhyA kA grahaNa karane para TIkA kA racanAkAla vi.saM. 1248 aura sAta saMkhyA grahaNa karane para TIkA kA racanAkAla vi.saM. 1278 nirdhArita hotA hai| inameM se cAhe koI saMvat nizcita ho, kiMtu itanA nizcita hai ki vikrama kI terahavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM yaha TIkA graMtha nirmita ho cukA thaa| merI dRSTi meM yadi pravacanasAroddhAra bRhadgacchIya nemicaMdrasUri (dvitIya) ke jIvana ke uttarArdha kI aura anantanAhacariyaM ke bAda kI racanA hai, to vaha vikrama saMvat 1216 ke pazcAt lagabhaga vi.saM. 1225 ke AsapAsa kabhI likhA gayA hogA, kyoMki anantanAhacariyaM ko samApta karake ise likhane meM 10-15 varSa avazya lage hoNge| punaH mUlagraMtha aura usakI TIkA ke racanAkAla ke madhya bhI kama se kama 15-20 varSa kA aMtara to avazya hI mAnanA hogaa| mUlagraMtha aura usakI TIkA usI sthiti meM samakAlika ho sakate haiM, jabaki TIkA yA to svopajJa ho yA apane ziSya yA gurubhrAtA ke dvArA likhI gaI ho| . prastuta kRti ke TIkAkAra siddhasenasUri nemicaMdrasUri kI bRhadgacchIya devasUri kI paramparA se bhinna caMdragacchIya abhayadevasUri kI ziSya paramparA ke the| TIkAkAra siddhasenasUri kI guru paramparA isa prakAra hai caMdragacchIya abhayadevasUri dhanezvarasUri (muJjanRpa ke samakAlIna) ajitasiMhasUri vardhamAnasUri (133)

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devacaMdrasUri caMdraprabha (munipati) bhadrezvarasUri ajitasiMhasUri devaprabhasUri (pramANaprakAza evaM zreyAMsacaritra ke kartA) siddhasenasUri (pravacanasAroddhAra ke TIkAkAra) jJAtavya hai usa kAla meM jaba graMthoM kI hAtha se pratilipi taiyAra karAkara unheM / prasArita kiyA jAtA thA, taba unheM dUsare logoM ke pAsa pahuMcane meM paryApta samaya laga jAtA thaa| ataH prastuta kRti se siddhasenasUri ko paricita hone aura punaH usa para TIkA likhane meM paccIsa-tIsa varSa kA aMtarAla to avazya hI rahA hogaa| ataH yadi TIkA vikrama kI terahavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha ke dvitIya caraNa vikrama saMvat 1248 meM likhI gaI hai, to mUlakRti kama se kama vikrama kI terahavIM zatI ke prathama caraNa arthAt vi.saM. 1225 meM likhI gaI hogii| ataH pravacanasAroddhAra kI racanA 1225 ke AsapAsa kabhI huI hogii| pravacanasAroddhAra maulika racanA hai yA mAtra saMgrahagraMtha? _ pravacanasAroddhAra AcArya nemicaMdrasUri kI maulika kRti hai yA eka saMkalana graMtha hai, isa prazna kA uttara denA atyaMta kaThina hai, kyoMki prastuta graMtha meM 600 se adhika gAthAeM aisI haiM, jo Agama-graMthoM, niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, prakIrNakoM, prAcIna karmagraMthoM evaM jIvasamAsa Adi prakaraNagraMthoM meM upalabdha ho jAtI haiN| pravacanasAroddhAra kI bhAratIya prAcya tattva prakAzana samiti, piNDavAr3A se prakAzita prati meM use vidvAna sampAdaka muni zrI padmasenavijaya jI aura muni zrIcaMdravijaya jI ne isakI lagabhaga 500 gAthAeM jinajina graMthoM se lI gaI haiM, unake mUlasrota kA nirdeza kiyA hai| isake atirikta bhI aneka gAthAeM aisI haiM, jo AvazyakasUtra kI haribhadrIyavRtti Adi prAcIna TIkA graMthoM se uddhRta haiN| (134)

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke mere ziSya DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya kI sUcanA ke anusAra pravacanasAroddhAra meM sAta prakIrNakoM kI bhI lagabhaga ..2 gAthAeM milatI haiN| kahIM-kahIM pAThabheda ko chor3akara ye gAthAeM bhI pravacanasAroddhAra meM samAna rUpa se bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| isameM AcArAMganiyukti kI 1, aMgulasaptati kI 3, Avazyakaniyukti kI 71, Avazyaka bhASya kI 7, uttarAdhyayana kI 12, uttarAdhyayana niyukti kI 13, oghaniyukti kI 22, oghaniyuktibhASya kI 12, prAcIna karmagraMthoM kI 19, caityavaMdana mahAbhASya kI 17, jIvasamAsa kI 28, jambUdIpaprajJapti kI 4, dazavaikAlika niyukti kI 18, dharmasaMgrahaNI kI 3, nizIthabhASya kI 27, paMcakalpabhASya kI 2, paMcasaMgraha kI 3, paMcAsaka prakaraNa kI 44, paMcavastuka prakaraNa kI 30, piNDavizuddhi kI 15, piNDaniyukti kI 2, prajJApanA kI 14, bRhatsaMgrahaNI kI 78, bRhakalpabhASya kI 44, vizeSaNavatI kI 1, bhagavatI kI 4, vyavahArabhASya kI 4, samavAyAMga kI 3, sthAnAMga kI 15, saMtikara kI 4, saptatizatasthAna kI 1, saMbodhaprakaraNa kI 81, zrAvakavratabhaMga prakaraNa kI 30 evaM prakIrNakoM kI deviMdatthaoM kI 7, gacchAkAra kI 1, jyotiSakaraNDaka kI 3, titthogAlI kI 32, ArAdhanApatAkA (prAcIna ajJAta AcArya racita) kI 20, ArAdhanApatAkA (vIrabhadrAcArya racita) kI 6 evaM pajaMtArAhajA (paryaMta-ArAdhanA) kI 4 gAthAeM milatI haiN| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki ye sabhI graMtha nemicaMdrasUri ke pravacanasAroddhAra se prAcIna haiN| isase yaha nizcita hai ki ina gAthAoM kI racanA racanAkAra ne svayaM nahIM kI hai, apitu inheM pUrva AcAryoM dvArA racita graMthoM se yathAvat le liyA gayA hai| isa prakAra lagabhaga 700 gAthAeM anya graMthoM se avatarita haiM, yadyapi inameM lagabhaga 100 gAthAeM aisI bhI haiM, jo aneka graMthoM meM samAna rUpa se milatI haiM, phira bhI lagabhaga 600 gAthAeM to anya graMthoM se avatarita haiM hii| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, abhI bhI aneka graMtha aise haiM, jinakI gAthA sUciyoM ke sAtha pravacanasAroddhAra kI gAthAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM huA hai| aMgavijA jaise kucha prAcIna graMthoM se aura bhI samAna gAthAeM milane kI sambhAvanA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki pravacanasAroddhAra kI lagabhaga AdhI gAthAeM to anya graMthoM se saMkalita haiN| aisI sthiti meM nemicaMdrasUri ko isakA graMthakAra yA kartA mAnane para aneka vipattiyAM sAmane AtI haiM, kiMtu jaba taka sampUrNa graMtha kI sabhI gAthAeM saMkalita na hoM taba taka avaziSTa gAthAoM ke racanAkAra to nemicaMdrasUri (dvitIya) ko hI mAnanA hogaa| prAcInakAla meM graMtha racanA karate (135)

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samaya Agama athavA prAcIna AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM se binA nAma nirdeza ke gAthAeM uddhRta kara lene kI pravRtti rahI hai aura isa prakAra kI pravRtti zvetAmbara digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke racanAkAroM meM pAI jAtI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM mUlAcAra meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra, Avazyaka niyukti, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna Adi aneka graMthoM kI 200 se adhika gAthAeM uddhRta haiN| yahI sthiti bhagavata-ArAdhanA evaM AcArya kundakunda ke niyamasAra Adi graMthoM kI bhI hai| niyamasAra SaTprAbhRta Adi kI aneka gAthAeM zvetAmbara AgamoM prakIrNakoM, niyuktiyoM evaM bhASyoM Adi meM samAna rUpa se milatI haiN| zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM bhI saMgrahaNI sUtra Adi kI evaM prakIrNakoM meM eka dUsare kI aneka gAthAeM avatarita kI gaI haiN| isa prakAra apane graMthoM meM anya graMthoM se gAthAeM avatarita karane kI paramparA prAcInakAla se calI A rahI haiN| aisI sthiti meM jaba dUsare-dUsare AcAryoM ko tat tat graMtha kA racanAkAra mAna / liyA jAtA hai, to nemicaMdrasUri (dvitIya) ko prastuta kRti kA kartA mAna lene para kaunasI Apatti hai? punaH 1600 gAthAoM ke isa graMtha meM yadi 600 gAthAeM anya kartRka haiM bhI, to zeSa 1000 gAthAoM ke racanAkAra to nemicaMdrasUri (dvitIya) haiM hii| pravacanasAroddhAra kI kaunasI gAthA kisa graMtha meM kisa sthAna para milatI hai athavA anya graMthoM kI kaunasI gAthAeM pravacanasAroddhAra ke kisa krama para haiM, isakI sUcI pariziSTa 1-2 meM prastuta kI gaI hai| ye sUciyAM muni padmasenavijayajI evaM DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDe kI sUcanA ke AdhAra para nirmita haiN| pravacanasAroddhAra kI TIkA aura TIkAkAra pravacanasAroddhAra para AcArya siddhasenasUri kI lagabhaga vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM likhI gaI tattvajJAnavikAsinI' nAmaka eka sarala kiMtu vizada TIkA upalabdha hotI hai| nAmabhrama se bacane ke lie yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki ye siddhasenasUri 'sanmatitarka' ke racayitA siddhasena divAkara (caturtha zatI), tattvArthabhASya kI vRtti ke lekhaka siddhasenagaNi (sAtavIM zatI), nyAyAvatAra ke TIkAkAra siddharSi (nauvIM zatI) se bhinna haiN| ye caMdragacchIya AcArya abhayadevasUri kI paramparA meM hue haiN| inhoMne prastuta TIkA ke aMta meM apanI guru-paramparA kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai- abhayadevasUri - ghanezvarasUri - ajitasiMhasUri - vardhamAnasUri - devacaMdrasUri - caMdraprabhasUri - bhadrezvarasUri - (136)

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ajitasiMhasUri - devaprabhasUri aura siddhsensuuri| TIkAkAra siddhasenasUri kI tIna anya kRtiyoM - (1) padmaprabhacaritra, (2) samAcArI aura (3) eka stuti kA ullekha milatA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra kI tattvajJAna-vikAsinI nAmaka yaha vRtti yA TIkA bhI TIkAkAra kI bahuzrutatA ko abhivyakta karatI hai| unhoMne apanI TIkA meM lagabhaga 100 graMthoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai aura unake 500 se adhika saMdarbho kA saMkalana kiyA hai| ina uddharaNoM kI sUcI bhI piNDavADA se prakAzita pravacanasAroddhAra bhAga-2 ke aMta meM dI gaI hai| isase vRttikAra kI bahuzrutatA pramANita ho jAtI hai| vRttikAra ne jahAM AvazyakatA huI vahAM na kevala apanI vivecanA prastuta kI, apitu pUrvapakSa ko prastuta kara usakA samAdhAna bhI kiyA hai| jahAM kahIM bhI unheM vyAkhyA meM matabheda kI sUcanA prApta huI, unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se anya mata kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| isI prakAra jahAM mUla pATha ke saMdarbha meM kisI prakAra kI vipratipatti dikhAI dI, unhoMne pATha ko apanI dRSTi se zuddha banAne kA bhI prayatna kiyA hai| isa prakAra prastuta graMtha kI yaha TIkA bhI atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai| pravacanasAroddhAra kI viSayavastu . pravacanasAroddhAra ke prArambha meM maMgala abhidhAna ke pazcAt 63 gAthAoM meM pravacanasAroddhAra ke 276 dvAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, ina dvAroM ke nAmoM ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prastuta kRti meM jaina dharma va darzana ke vividha pakSoM ko samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi pravacanasAroddhAra' meM mUla gAthAoM kI saMkhyA mAtra 1599 hai, phira bhI isameM jaina dharma va darzana ke aneka mahattvapUrNa pakSoM ko samAhita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| mUla gAthAoM kI saMkhyA kama hote hue bhI isakA viSaya vaividhya itanA hai ki ise 'jaina-dharma-darzana kA laghuvizvakoSa' kahA jA sakatA hai| Age hama isake 276 dvAroM kI viSayavastu kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kreNge| 'pravacanasAroddhAra' ke prathama dvAra meM caityavaMdana vidhi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| caityavaMdana ke sambaMdha meM sarvaprathama dasatrikoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| ye dasa trika nimna haiM(1) tri-niSedhikA, (2) tri-pradakSiNA, (3) tri-praNAma, (4) trividha-pUjA, (5) tri-avasthA/bhAvanA, (6) tridizA-nirIkSaNavirati, (7) trividha bhUmipramArjana, (8) varNa-trika, (9) mudrA-trika aura (10) prnnidhaan-trik| (137

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___caityavaMdana ke hetu jina-bhavana meM praveza karate sarvaprathama puSpa-mAlA, tAmbUla Adi sacitta dravyoM kA parihAra kare, AbhUSaNa Adi acitta dravyoM kA parihAra nahIM kare aura eka adhovastra aura eka uttarIya dhAraNa kreN| jJAtavya hai ki kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra yahAM ahaMkAra sUcaka acitadravya jaise chatra, cAmara, mukuTa Adi ke bhI tyAga kA nirdeza hai| pravacanasAroddhAra kI TIkA isa sambaMdha meM vistRta vivecanA karatI hai| cakSu ke dvArA jina pratimA dikhAI dene para aMjali pragraha kareM aura ekAgracitta hokara pUrvokta dasatrikoM kA anusaraNa karatA huA jina pratimA kA vaMdana kreN| ye dasa trika nimnAnusAra haiM 1. sarvaprathama niSedhikA trika meM (a) gRhI jIvana sambaMdhI sAvadha vyApAra kA pratiSedha, (ba) jinabhavana sambaMdhI sAvadya vyApAra kA tyAga aura (sa) pUjA vidhAna sambaMdhI sAvadha vyApAra kA tyaag| kucha anya AcAryoM ke anusAra ye tIna niSedhikAeM isa prakAra haiM- (1) jina maMdira ke mukhya dvAra para Akara gRhastha sambaMdhI kAryoM kA niSedha kareM, (2) phira jina-maMdira ke madhya bhAga (raMga-maNDapa) meM praveza karate samaya sAvadha (hiMsaka) vacana-vyApAra kA niSedha kareM aura (3) garbhagRha meM praveza karane para sabhI sAvadha (hiMsaka) kAryoM ke mAnasika ciMtana kA bhI niSedha kareM- yaha niSedhikAtrika haiN| 2. jina pratimA kI tIna pradakSiNA karanA pradakSiNAtrika hai| . 3. jina pratimA ko tIna bAra praNAma karanA praNAmatrika hai| 4. pUjA trika ke aMtargata tIna prakAra kI pUjA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai - (1) puSpa-pUjA, (2) akSata-pUjA, (3) stuti-pUjA , 5. jina kI chadmastha, kaivalya aura siddha-ina tIna avasthAoM kA ciMtana karanA tri-avasthA bhAvanA hai| 6. tIna dizAoM meM na dekhakara mAtra jina-bimba ke sammukha dRSTi rakhanA 'tridizAnirIkSaNavirati' hai| 7. jisa bhUmi para sthita rahakara jina pratimA ko vaMdana karanA hai, usa sthala kA gRhastha dvArA vastra aMcala se aura muni dvArA rajoharaNa se tIna bAra pramArjana karanA pramArjanAtrika haiN| 8. zabda, artha evaM Alambana (pratimA) ye varNa-trika hai| 9. mudrAtrika ke aMtargata tIna prakAra kI mudrAeM batAI gaI haiM - (138)

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(a) jinamudrA, (ba) yogamudrA, (sa) muktAzukti mudrA 10. mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM kA saMvaraNa karake paramAtmA kI zaraNa grahaNa karanA praNidhAna trika hai| _ 'caityavaMdanadvAra' meM uparokta dazatrikoM ke sAtha-sAtha stuti evaM vaMdana vidhi kA tathA dvAdaza adhikAroM kA vivecana hai| aMta meM caityavaMdana kaba aura kitanI bAra karanA Adi kI carcA ke sAtha caityavaMdana ke jaghanya, madhyama evaM utkRSTa bhedoM kA vivecana karate hue yaha caityavaMdana dvAra samApta hotA hai| 'caityavaMdana' nAmaka prathama dvAra ke pazcAt pravacanasAroddhAra' kA dUsarA dvAra guruvaMdana ke vidhi-vidhAna evaM doSoM se sambaMdhita hai| prastuta kRti meM guruvaMdana ke 192 sthAna varNita kie gae haiM - mukhavastrikA, kAya (zarIra) aura Avazyaka-kriyA, ina tInoM meM pratyeka ke paccIsa-paccIsa sthAna batAe gae haiN| inake atirikta sthAna sambaMdhI chaH, guNa sambaMdhI chaH, vacana sambaMdhI chaH, adhikArI ko vaMdana na karane sambaMdhI pAMca, anadhikArI ko vaMdana karane sambaMdhI pAMca sthAna aura pratizedha sambaMdhI pAMca sthAna batAe haiN| isI krama meM avagraha sambaMdhI eka, abhidhAna sambaMdhI pAMca, udAharaNa sambaMdhI pAMca, AzAtanA sambaMdhI tetIsa, vaMdanakoSa sambaMdhI battIsa evaM kAraNa sambaMdhI ATha- aise kula 192 sthAnoM kA ullekha hai| isa carcA se mukhavastrikA ke dvArA kAya arthAt zarIra ke kina-kina bhAgoM kA kaise pramArjana karanA cAhie isakA vistRta evaM rocaka vivaraNa hai| isI krama meM guruvaMdana karate samaya khamAsanA ke pATha kA kisa prakAra se uccAraNa karanA tathA usa samaya kaisI kriyA karanI cAhie, isakA bhI isa dvAra meM nirdeza hai| vaMdana ke anadhikArI ke rUpa meM (1) pArzvastha, (2) avasanna, (3) kuzIla, (4) saMsakta aura (5) yathAcchaMda- aise pAMca prakAra ke zramaNoM kA na kevala ullekha kiyA gayA hai, apitu unake svarUpa kA bhI vistRta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isI krama meM zItalaka, kSullaka, zrIkRSNa zaila aura pAlaka ke dRSTAMta bhI die gae haiN| aMta meM taiMtIsa AzAtanAoM aura vaMdana sambaMdhI battIsa doSoM evaM vaMdanA ke ATha kAraNoM kA vistAra pUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prathama evaM dvitIya dvAra lagabhaga 100 gAthAoM meM sampUrNa hote haiN| 'pravacanasAroddhAra' ke tIsare dvAra meM daivasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika aura sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kI vidhi tathA inake aMtargata kie jAne vAle kAyotsarga evaM kSAmaNakoM (khamAsanA) kI vidhi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai

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ki daivAsika-pratikramaNa meM cAra, rAtrika pratikramaNa meM do, pAkSika meM bAraha, cAturmAsika meM bIsa aura sAMvatsarika meM cAlIsa logassa kA dhyAna karanA caahie| punaH isI prasaMga meM inakI zloka saMkhyA evaM zvAsocchvAsa kI saMkhyA kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se daivasika pratikramaNa meM 100, rAtrika meM 50, pAkSika meM 300, cAturmAsika meM 500 aura vArSika meM 1000 zvAsocchvAsa kA dhyAna karanA caahie| isI krama meM Age kSAmaNakoM kI saMkhyA kA bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| . caturtha 'pratyAkhyAna' dvAra meM sarvaprathama nimna dasa pratyAkhyAnoM kI carcA hai - (1) bhaviSya sambaMdhI, (2) atIta sambaMdhI, (3) koTi sahita, (4) niyaMtrita, (5) sAkAra, (6) anAkAra, (7) parimANa vrata, (8) niravazeSa, (9) sAMketika, (10) kAla sambaMdhI prtyaakhyaan| sAMketika pratyAkhyAna meM dRSTi, muSTi, graMthI Adi jina AdhAroM para sAMketika pratyAkhyAna kie jAte haiM- unakI carcA hai| isI krama meM gompAyA samadhI dayA pAcazAhoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isameM navakArasI, arddha-pauruSI, pauruSI Adi ke pratyAkhyAnoM kI carcA hai| isI krama meM dasa vikRtiyoM (vigayoM) kI, battIsa anantakAyoM kI aura bAvIsa abhakSyoM kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| sAtha hI isameM zuddha pratyAkhyAna ke kAraNa evaM svarUpa kA vivecana bhI hai| - pAMcavAM kAyotsarga dvAra hai| isake aMtargata mukhya rUpa se kAyotsarga ke 19 doSoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isI krama meM ina doSoM ke svarUpa kA bhI kiMcit digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| ___ 'pravacanasAroddhAra' kA chaThA dvAra zrAvaka pratikramaNa ke aticAroM kA varNana karatA hai, isake aMtargata saMlekhanA ke pAMca, karmAdAna ke paMdraha, jJAnAcAra ke ATha, darzanAcAra ke ATha, cAritrAcAra ke ATha, tapa ke bAraha, vIrya ke tIna, samyaktva ke pAMca, ahiMsA Adi pAMca aNuvrata, dikvratoM Adi tIna guNavratoM evaM sAmAyika Adi cAra zikSAvratoMaise zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ke sATha aticAroM kA ullekha hai| yaha samasta vivaraNa zrAvaka pratikramaNa ke sUtra ke anurUpa hI haiN| 'pravacanasAroddhAra' ke 7veM dvAroM meM bharata evaM airavata kSetra meM hue tIrthaMkaroM (jina) ke nAmoM kI sUci prastuta kI gaI hai| isake aMtargata jahAM bharatakSetra ke atIta, vartamAna aura anAgata tInoM covisiyoM ke jinoM ke nAma die gae haiM, vahIM airavata kSetra ke vartamAna kAla ke jinoM ke hI nAma die gae haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki pravacanasAroddhAra' ke prathama sAta dvAroM taka to apane bheda prabhedoM

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... ke sAtha viSayoM kA vistAra se vivecana huA hai, kiMtu 8veM dvAra se vivecana saMkSipta rUpa se hI kiyA gayA hai| * isI krama meM 'aSTamadvAra' meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke prathama gaNadharoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai| ___9veM dvAra ke aMtargata pratyeka tIrthaMkara kI pravartiniyoM arthAt sAdhvI pramukhAoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 10veM dvAra ke aMtargata tIrthaMkara nAma-karma ke upArjana hetu jina bIsa sthAnakoM kI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai, unakI carcA hai| yaha vivecana jJAtAdharmakathA ke mallI adhyayana meM milatA hai| 11veM dvAra meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM aura pitAoM kA ullekha hai| 12veM dvAra meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtA-pitA apane deha kA tyAga kara kisa gati meM utpanna hue isakI carcA hai| __13veM dvAra meM kisI kAla vizeSa meM jinoM kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa saMkhyA kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 14veM dvAra ke aMtargata yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa jina ke janma meM samaya loka meM adhikatama aura nyUnatama jinoM kI saMkhyA kitanI thii| 15veM dvAra meM jinoM kI gaNadharoM kI samagra saMkhyA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI krama meM Age 16veM dvAra meM muniyoM kI saMkhyA kA, 17ve dvAra meM sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA kA, 18ve dvAra meM jinoM ke vaikraya-labdhidhAraka muniyoM kI saMkhyA kA, 19veM dvAra meM vAdiyoM kI saMkhyA kA, 20veM dvAra meM avadhijJAniyoM kI saMkhyA kA, 21veM dvAra meM kevalajJAniyoM kI saMkhyA kA, 22veM dvAra meM manaHparyavajJAniyoM kI saMkhyA kA, 23veM dvAra meM caturdaza pUrvo ke dhArakoM kI saMkhyA kA, 24veM dvAra meM jinoM ke zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA kA aura 25veM dvAra meM zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza huA hai| isI krama meM 26vAM dvAra tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana-sahAyaka yakSoM ke nAma kA ullekha karatA hai, to 27vAM dvAra yakSiNiyoM ke nAmoM ko sUcita karatA hai| . pravacanasAroddhAra kA 28vAM dvAra tIrthaMkaroM ke zarIra ke parimANa (lambAI) kA nirdeza karatA hai, to 29vAM dvAra pratyeka tIrthaMkaroM ke viziSTa lAMchana kI carcA karatA hai| (141)

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30veM dvAra meM tIrthaMkaroM ke varNa arthAt zarIra ke raMga kI carcA kI gaI hai| ___ 31vAM dvAra kisa tIrthaMkara ke sAtha kitane vyaktiyoM ne munidharma svIkAra kiyA unakI saMkhyA kA nirdeza karatA hai| 32vAM dvAra tIrthaMkaroM kI Ayu kA nirdeza karatA hai| 33- dvAra meM pratyeka tIrthaMkara ne kitane-kitane muniyoM ke sAtha nirvANa prApta kiyA, isakA ullekha hai, to 34veM dvAra meM kisa tIrthaMkara ne kisa sthAna para nirvANa prApta kiyA, isakA ullekha hai| 35vAM dvAra tIrthaMkaroM evaM anya zalAkA puruSoM ke madhya kitane-kitane kAla kA aMtarAla rahA hai, isakA vivecana prastuta karatA hai, jabaki 36veM dvAra meM isa bAta kI carcA hai ki tIrthaMkara kA tIrtha yA zAsana kitane kAla taka calA aura bIca meM kitane kAla kA aMtarAla rhaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki 7veM dvAra se lekara 36veM dvAra taka 29 dvAroM meM mukhyataH tIrthaMkaroM se sambaMdhita vibhinna tathyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| ___ 37veM dvAra se lekara 97veM dvAra taka ikasaTha dvAroM meM punaH jaina siddhAMta aura AcAra sambaMdhI vivecana prastuta kie gae haiM, yadyapi bIca meM kahIM kahIM tIrthaMkaroM ke tapa Adi kA bhI nirdeza hai| 37veM dvAra meM dasa AzAtanAoM kA ullekha hai, to 38veM dvAra meM cauMrAsI AzAtanAoM kA ullekha hai| isI carcA ke prasaMga meM isa dvAra meM muni (yati) caitya meM kitane samaya taka raha sakatA hai, isakI carcA bhI huI hai| 39veM dvAra meM tIrthaMkaroM ke ATha mahApratihAryoM aura 40veM dvAra tIrthaMkaroM ke cautIsa atizayoM (viziSTatAoM) kI carcA hai| . 41vAM dvAra una aThAraha doSoM kA ullekha karatA hai, jinase tIrthaMkara mukta rahate haiM, dUsare zabdoM meM jinako unhoMne naSTa kara diyA hai| 42vAM dvAra jina-zabda ke cAra nikSepoM kI carcA karatA hai aura yaha batAtA hai ki RSabha, zAMti, mahAvIra Adi jinoM ke nAma nAmajina haiM, jabaki kaivalya aura mukti ko prApta jina bhAvajina arthAt yathArthajina haiN| jina-pratimA ko sthApanAjina kahA jAtA hai aura jo bhaviSya meM jina hone vAle haiM, ve dravyajina kahalAte haiN| ___43vAM dvAra kisa tIrthaMkara ne dIkSA ke samaya kitane dina kA tapa kriyA thA, isakA vivecana karatA hai, isI krama meM 44veM dvAra meM kisa tIrthaMkara ko kevala-jJAna utpanna

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hone ke samaya kitane dina kA tapa thA, isakA ullekha hai| Age 45ve dvAra meM tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA apane nirvANa ke samaya kie gae tapa kA ullekha hai| ..prastuta kRti kA 46vAM dvAra una jIvoM kA ullekha karatA hai, jo bhaviSya meM tIrthaMkara hone vAle haiN| __ 47veM dvAra meM isa bAta kI carcA kI gaI hai ki arzvaloka, tiryakaloka, jala, sthala Adi sthAnoM se eka sAtha kitane vyakti mukti ko prApta kara sakate haiN| ___ 48vAM dvAra hameM yaha sUcanA detA hai ki eka samaya meM eka sAtha kitane puruSa, kitanI striyAM athavA kitane napuMsaka siddha ho sakate haiN| 49veM dvAra meM siddhoM ke bhedoM kI carcA hai| jJAtavya hai ki vaise to siddhoM meM koI bheda nahIM hotA, kiMtu jisa paryAya (avasthA) se siddha hue haiM, usake AdhAra para siddhoM ke paMdraha bhedoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| 50veM dvAra meM siddhoM kI avagAhanA arthAt unake Atma-pradezoM ke vistArakSetra kI carcA kI gaI hai| isI krama meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki utkRSTa avagAhanA vAle do, jaghanya avagAhanA vAle cAra tathA madhyama avagAhanA vAle eka sau ATha vyakti eka sAtha siddha ho sakate haiN| avagAhanA ke saMdarbha meM carcA karate hue prastuta kRti ke TIkAkAra ne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki utkRSTa avagAhanA pAMca sau dhanuSa aura jaghanya avagAhanA do hAtha parimANa hotI hai| yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki siddhoM kI utkRSTa, madhyama aura jaghanya avagAhanA ke saMdarbha meM vizeSa carcA prastuta kRti ke chappanaveM , sattAvanaveM evaM aTThAvanaveM dvAra meM kI gaI hai| 51veM dvAra meM svaliMga, anyaliMga aura gRhasthaliMga kI apekSA se eka samaya meM kitane siddha ho sakate haiM, isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| gRhastha liMga se cAra, anyaliMga se dasa aura svaliMga se eka sau ATha vyakti eka samaya meM siddha ho sakate haiN| Age 52veM dvAra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki niraMtara arthAt binA aMtarAla kitane samaya taka jIva siddha ho sakate haiM aura unakI saMkhyA kitanI hotI hai| 53ve dvAra meM strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka kI apekSA se eka samaya meM kitane vyakti siddha ho sakate haiM, isakI carcA hai| isa saMdarbha meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki eka samaya meM bIsa striyAM, eka sau ATha puruSa aura dasa napuMsaka zarIra paryAya se siddha ho sakate haiN| punaH isI dvAra meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki naraka, bhavanapati, vyaMtara aura tiryak loka ke strI-puruSa

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tathA akalpavAsI arthAt gaiveyaka evaM anuttaravimAnavAsI deva punaH manuSya bhava grahaNa karake mukti prApta karate haiM, to ve eka samaya meM adhikatama dasa-dasa vyakti hI siddha ho sakate haiN| kalpavAsI devoM se manuSya janma grahaNa kara mukta hone vAle jIvoM kI adhikatama saMkhyA eka sau ATha ho sakatI hai| pRthvIkAya, apkAyika aura paMkaprabhA Adi naraka se manuSya bhava grahaNa karake mukti prApta karane vAle eka samaya meM cAra-cAra vyakti ho sakate haiN| 54veM dvAra meM siddhoM ke Atma-pradezoM ke saMsthAna (vistAra kSetra) kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa carcA meM uttAnaka ardhaavanata, pArzvasthita, sthita, upaviSTa Adi saMsthAnoM kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| isake pazcAt 55ve dvAra meM siddhoM kI avasthiti kI carcA hai| vastutaH, isa prasaMga meM siddha zilA ke Upara aura aloka se nIce kitane madhya bhAga meM siddha avasthita rahe hue haiM yaha batAyA gayA hai| punaH jaisA ki hamane pUrva se sUcita kiyA hai 56-57 aura 58veM dvAra meM siddhoM kI utkRSTa-madhyama aura jaghanya avagAhanA kI carcA kI gaI hai| 59veM dvAra meM loka kI zAzvata jina pratimAoM kA ullekha hai| 60veM dvAra meM jina kalpa kA pAlana karane vAle muniyoM ke aura 61veM dvAra meM sthavira kalpa kA pAlana karane vAle muniyoM ke upakaraNoM kA ullekha hai| isI prasaMga meM svayaMbuddha aura pratyekabuddha ke svarUpa kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| 62veM dvAra meM sAdhviyoM ke upakaraNoM kI carcA hai, jabaki 63vAM dvAra jina kalpikoM kI saMkhyA ke sambaMdha meM vivecana karatA hai| 64veM dvAra meM AcArya ke 36 guNoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, isI prasaMga meM AcArya kI 8 sampadAoM kI bhI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| jJAtavya hai ki yahAM AcArya ke ina chattIsa guNoM kI carcA aneka apekSAoM se upalabdha hotI hai| 65veM dvAra meM jahAM vinaya ke bAvana bhedoM kI carcA hai, vahIM 66veM dvAra meM caraNasattarI aura 67veM dvAra meM karaNasattarI kA vivecana hai| paMca mahAvrata, dasa zramaNa dharma, sataraha prakAra kA saMyama, dasa prakAra kI vaiyAvRtya, nau brahmacarya, guptiyAM, tIna ratnatraya, bAraha tapa aura krodha Adi cAra kaSAyoM kA nigraha ye caraNasattarI ke sattara bheda haiN| sAtha hI prastuta kRti meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki anya-anya AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM meM caraNasattarI ke ina sattara bhedoM kA vargIkaraNa kisa-kisa prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| karaNasattarI ke aMtargata solaha udgama doSoM, solaha utpAdana doSoM, dasa eSaNA doSoM, pAMca grAsaiSaNA doSoM, pAMca samitiyoM, bAraha bhAvanAoM, pAMca iMdriyoM kA nirodha, tIna gupti Adi kI carcA kI gaI hai| 144

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68veM dvAra meM jaMghAcaraNa aura vidyAcAraNa labdhi arthAt AkAza gamana sambaMdhI viziSTa zaktiyoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| 61veM dvAra meM parihAravizuddhitapa ke svarUpa kA aura 70veM dvAra meM yathAlaMdika ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 71veM dvAra meM ar3atAlIsa niryAmakoM aura unake kArya vibhAjana kI carcA hai| niryAmaka samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kie hue muni kI paricaryA karane vAle muniyoM ko kahA jAtA 72veM dvAra meM paMca mahAvratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAoM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| isI krama meM 73vAM dvAra AsurI Adi paccIsa azubha bhAvanAoM kA vivecana karatA hai| ____74veM dvAra meM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke kAla meM mahAvratoM kI saMkhyA kitanI hotI hai, isakA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| __ 75veM dvAra meM caudaha kRtikarmoM kI carcA hai| kRtikarma kA tAtparya AcArya Adi jyeSTha muniyoM ke vaMdana se hai| ... 76veM dvAra meM bharata, airavata Adi kSetroM meM kitane cAritra hote haiM, usakI carcA karatA hai| prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM bharata aura airavata kSetra meM sAmAyika Adi pAMca cAritra pAe jAte haiM kiMtu zeSa bAvIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM ina kSetroM meM sAmAyika, sUkSma samparAya aura yathAkhyAta ye tIna cAritra upalabdha hote haiN| mahAvideha kSetra meM bhI pUrvokta tIna cAritra hI hote haiN| ina kSetroM meM chedopasthApanIya aura parihAravizuddhi cAritra kA kadAcit abhAva hotA hai| __77veM aura 78veM dvAra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki dasa sthitikalpoM meM madhyavartIbAvIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM cAra sthita, cha: vaikalpika kalpa hote haiM, jabaki prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM dasa hI sthita kalpa hote haiN| 79veM dvAra meM nimna pAMca prakAra ke caityoM kA ullekha huA hai- (1) bhakti caitya, (2) maMgala caitya, (3) nizrAkRta caitya, (4) anizrAkRta caitya aura (5) zAzvata caity| 80veM dvAra meM nimna pAMca prakAra kI pustakoM kA ullekha huA hai- (1) gaNDikA, (2) kacchapI, (3) muSTi, (4) saMpuSTa phalaka aura (5) chedpaattii| isI krama meM 81veM dvAra meM pAMca prakAra ke daNDoM kA, 82veM dvAra meM pAMca prakAra ke tRNoM kA, 83veM dvAra meM pAMca

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prakAra ke camar3e kA aura 84veM dvAra meM pAMca prakAra ke vastroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 85veM dvAra meM pAMca prakAra ke avagrahoM (Thaharane ke sthAnoM) kA aura 86veM dvAra meM bAvIsa pariSahoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 87veM dvAra meM sAta prakAra kI maNDaliyoM kA ullekha hai| 88veM dvAra meM jambUsvAmI ke samaya meM jina dasa bAtoM kA viccheda huA, unakA ullekha hai| . 89veM dvAra meM kSapakazreNI kA aura 90veM dvAra meM upazamazreNI kA vivecana hai| 91veM dvAra meM sthaNDila bhUmi (mala-mUtra visarjana karane kA sthAna) kaisI honI cAhie- isakA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| ___92veM dvAra meM caudaha pUrvo aura unake viSaya tathA padoM kI saMkhyA Adi kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 93veM dvAra meM nigraMthoM ke pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nigraMtha aura snAtaka- aise . pAMca prakAroM kI carcA hai| 94veM dvAra meM nigraMtha, zAkya, tApasa, gairUka aura AjIvaka aise pAMca prakAra ke zramaNoM kI carcA hai| . 95veM dvAra meM saMyojana, pramANa, aMgAra, dhUma aura kAraNa aise grAsaiSaNA ke pAMca doSoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| muni ko bhojana karate samaya svAda ke lie bhojya padArthoM kA sammizraNa karanA, parimANa se adhika AhAra karanA, bhojya padArthoM meM rAga rakhanA, pratikUla bhojya padArthoM kI niMdA karanA aura akAraNa AhAra karanA niSiddha hai| 96veM dvAra meM piNDa-pANaiSaNA ke sAta prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai| 97veM dvAra meM bhikSAcaryA aSTaka arthAt bhikSAcaryA ke ATha prakAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 983 dvAra meM dasa prAyazcitoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dasa prAyazcita nimna haiM (1) AlocanA, (2) pratikramaNa, (3) AlocanA sahita pratikramaNa, (4) viveka, (5) vyutsarga, (6) tapa, (7) cheda, (8) mUla, (9) anavasthita (upasthApana) aura (10) paaraaNcik| 99veM dvAra meM ogha sAmAcArI arthAt sAmAnya sAmAcArI kA vivecana hai, yaha vivecana aughaniyukti meM pratipAdita sAmAcArI para AdhArita hai| .

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100veM dvAra meM padavibhAga sAmAcArI kA ullekha hai| jJAtavya hai ki chedasUtroM meM varNita sAmAcArI padavibhAgasAmAcArI kahalAtI hai| . 101veM dvAra meM cakravAla sAmAcArI kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| cakravAla sAmAcArI icchAkAra, mithyAkAra Adi dasa prakAra kI hai| yaha sAmAcArI uttarAdhyayana aura bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI varNita hai| prastuta kRti meM isa sAmAcArI kA vistRta vivecana hai| 102veM dvAra meM upazamazreNI aura kSapakazreNI kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 103veM dvAra meM gItArtha vihAra aura Azrita vihAra kA nirdeza hai| isI saMdarbha meM yAtrA karate samaya kisa prakAra kI sAvadhAnI rakhanA cAhie, isakA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki Agama ke sAtha-sAtha deza-kAla aura paristhiti kA Akalana karane meM samartha sAdhaka gItArtha kahalAtA hai| . 104veM dvAra meM apratibaddha vihAra kA nirdeza hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki muni cAturmAsa kAla meM cAra mAsa taka, anya kAla meM eka mAsa taka eka sthAna para raha sakatA hai, usake pazcAt sAmAnya paristhiti meM vihAra karanA caahie| 105veM dvAra meM jAtakalpa aura ajAtakalpa kA nirdeza hai| zrutasampanna gItArtha muni ke sAtha yAtrA karanA jAtakalpa hai aura isase bhinna ajAtakalpa hai| isI krama meM Rtubaddha vihAra ko sammata vihAra kahA gayA hai aura bhinna vihAra ko asammata vihAra kahA gayA hai| 106veM dvAra meM malamUtra Adi ke pratisthApana arthAt visarjana kI vidhi kA vivecana hai| isI prasaMga meM vibhinna dizAoM kA bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ___107ve dvAra meM dIkSA ke ayogya aTThAraha prakAra ke puruSoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI krama meM 108veM dvAra meM dIkSA ke ayogya bIsa prakAra kI striyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| - 109veM dvAra meM napuMsakoM ko aura 110veM dvAra meM vikalAMgoM ko dIkSA ke ayogya batAyA gayA hai| napuMsakoM kI carcA karate hue TIkA meM unake solaha prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai aura solaha prakAroM meM se dasa prakAra ko dIkSA ke ayogya aura chaH prakAra ko dIkSA ke yogya mAnA gayA hai| . 111veM dvAra meM sAdhu ko kitane mUlya kA vastra kalpya (grAhya) hai, usakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI prasaMga meM vibhinna pradezoM aura nagaroM meM mudrA vinimaya kA pArasparika 147

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anupAta kyA thA, isakI bhI carcA huI hai| yahAM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki eka lAkha sAbhAraka ke mUlya vAlA vastra utkRSTa hotA hai aura aTThAraha sAbhAraka yA usase bhI kama mUlya vAlA vastra jaghanya hotA hai| ina donoM ke madhya kA vastra madhyama koTi kA mAnA jAtA hai| muni ke lie alpa mUlya kA vastra hI grahaNa karane yogya hai| 112veM dvAra meM zayyAtara piNDa arthAt jisane nivAsa ke lie sthAna diyA ho, usake yahAM se bhojana grahaNa karanA niSiddha mAnA gayA hai| isI krama meM aTThAraha prakAra ke zayyAtaroM kA ullekha bhI huA hai| _113veM dvAra meM zrutajJAna aura samyaktva ke pArasparika sambaMdha kI carcA huI hai| 114veM dvAra meM pAMca prakAra ke nigraMthoM kA pAMca prakAra ke jJAnoM se aura cAra prakAra kI gatiyoM se sambaMdha batAyA gayA hai| 115veM dvAra meM jisa kSetra meM sUrya udita ho gayA hai, usa kSetra meM gRhIta azana Adi hI kalpya hotA hai, zeSa kAlAtikrAMta kahalAtA hai, jo akalpya (agrAhya) hai| 116veM dvAra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki do kosa se adhika dUrI se lAyA gayA bhojana-pAna kSetrAtIta kahalAtA hai aura yaha muni ke lie akalpya hai| 117veM dvAra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki prathama prahara meM liyA gayA bhojana-pAna Adi tIsare prahara taka bhojya hote haiM, usake bAda ve kAlAtIta hokara akalpya ho jAte haiN| __ 118veM dvAra meM puruSa ke lie battIsa kavala bhojana hI grAhya mAnA gayA hai battIsa kavala se adhika bhojana pramANAtikrAMta hone se akalpya mAnA gayA hai| 119veM dvAra meM cAra prakAra ke nivAsa-sthAnoM ko dukha zayyA batAyA gayA hai| isI prasaMga meM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki jina sthAnoM para azraddhAlu jana rahate hoM, jahAM para dUsaroM se kucha prApti ke lie prArthanAeM kI jAtI ho, jahAM manojJa zabda, rUpa athavA bhojana Adi milate hoM aura jahAM gatrAbhyaMgana arthAt mardana Adi hotA ho, ve sthAna muni ke nivAsa ke ayogya haiN| 120veM dvAra meM isake viparIta cAra prakAra kI sukha zayyA arthAt muni ke nivAsa ke yogya mAne gae haiN| 121veM dvAra meM teraha kriyAsthAnoM kI, 122veM dvAra meM zrutasAmAyika, darzanasAmAyika, dezasAmAyika aura sarvasAmAyika- aisI cAra sAmAyika kI aura 123veM dvAra meM aTThAraha zIlAMgoM kI carcA hai| punaH 124veM dvAra meM sAta nayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, (148)

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jabaki 125veM dvAra meM muni ke lie vastra-grahaNa kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| 126veM dvAra meM Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta- aise pAMca vyavahAroM kI carcA hai| . 127veM dvAra meM nimna pAMca prakAra ke yathAjAta kA ullekha hai| (1) colapaTTa, (2) rajoharaNa, (3) aurNika, (4) kSaumika aura (5) mukhvtrikaa| ina upakaraNoM se hI zramaNa kA janma hotA hai| ataH inheM yathAjAta kahA gayA hai| 128veM dvAra meM muniyoM ke rAtri-jAgaraNa kI vidhi kA vivecana hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki prathama prahara meM AcArya, gItArtha aura sabhI sAdhu milakara svAdhyAya kreN| dUsare prahara meM sabhI muni aura AcArya so jAeM aura gItArtha muni svAdhyAya kreN| tIsare prahara meM AcArya jAgRta hokara svAdhyAya kareM aura gItArtha muni so jaaeN| cauthe prahara meM sabhI sAdhu uThakara svAdhyAya kreN| AcArya aura gItArtha soe raheM, kyoMki unheM bAda meM pravacana Adi kArya karane hote haiN| 129veM dvAra meM jisa vyakti ke sAmane AlocanA kI jA sakatI hai, usako khojane kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| 130veM dvAra meM prati jAgaraNa ke kAla ke sambaMdha meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 131veM dvAra meM muni kI upadhi arthAt saMyamopakaraNa ke dhone ke kAla kA vivecana hai, isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa upadhi ko kitane kAla ke pazcAt dhonA caahie| 132veM dvAra meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AhAra kI mAtrA kitanI honA cAhie, isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyataH yaha batAyA gayA hai ki muni ko bar3e AMvale ke AkAra ke battIsa kaura aura sAdhvI ko aTThAvIsa kaura AhAra grahaNa karanA caahie| 133veM dvAra meM vasati arthAt muni ke nivAsa-sthAna kI zuddhi Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| muni ke lie kisa prakAra kA AvAsa grAhya hotA hai, isakI vivecanA isa dvAra meM kI gaI hai| 134veM dvAra meM saMlekhanA sambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAna kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 135veM dvAra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki nagara kI kalpanA pUrvAbhimukha vRSabha ke rUpa meM kre| usake pazcAt use usa vRSabha rUpa kalpita nagara meM kisa sthAna para nivAsa karanA hai,

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isakA nizcaya kre| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai - kisa aMga/kSetra meM nivAsa karane kA kyA phala hotA hai, isakI bhI carcA hai| ___ 136veM dvAra meM kisa Rtu meM kisa prakAra kA jala kitane kAla taka prAsuka rahatA hai aura bAda meM sacitta ho jAtA hai, isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki uSNa kiyA huA prAsuka jala grISma Rtu meM pAMca prahara taka, zIta Rtu meM cAra prahara taka aura varSA Rtu meM tIna prahara taka prAsuka (acitta) rahatA hai aura bAda meM sacitta ho jAtA hai| yadyapi cUnA DAlakara adhika samaya taka use prAsuka rakhA jA sakatA hai| 137veM dvAra meM pazu-pakSI Adi tiryaMca-jIvoM kI mAdAoM ke sambaMdha meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 138veM dvAra meM isa avasarpiNI kAla meM ghaTita hue dasa prakAra ke AzcaryoM jaise mahAvIra ke garbha kA saMharaNa, strI-tIrthaMkara Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 139veM dvAra meM satya, mRSA, satya-mRSA (mizra) aura asatya-amRSA aisI cAra prakAra kI bhASAoM kA unake avAntara bhedoM aura udAharaNoM sahita vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 140vAM dvAra vacana SoDasaka arthAt solaha prakAra ke vacanoM kA ullekha karatA hai| 141 veM dvAra meM mAsa paMcaka aura 142veM dvAra meM varSa paMcaka kA vivecana hai| . 143veM dvAra meM loka ke svarUpa (AkAra-prakAra) kA vivecana hai| isI krama meM yahAM loka puruSa kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| 144 se lekara 147 taka cAra dvAroM meM kramazaH tIna, cAra, dasa aura paMdraha prakAra kI saMjJAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 148veM dvAra meM samyaktva ke sar3asaTha bhedoM kA vivecana hai, jabaki 149veM dvAra meM samyaktva ke eka-do Adi vibhinna bhedoM kI vistArapUrvaka carcA kI gaI hai| 150veM dvAra meM pRthvIkAya Adi SaT jIvanikAya ke kuloM kI saMkhyA kA vivecana hai| prANiyoM kI prajAti ko yoni aura unakI upa-prajAtiyoM ko kula kahate haiN| ina kuloM kI saMkhyA eka karor3a sattAna lAkha pacAsa hajAra mAnI gaI haiN| 151veM dvAra meM caurAsI lAkha jIva yoniyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa dvAra meM pRthvIkAya kI sAta lAkha, apakAya kI sAta lAkha, agni kAya kI sAta lAkha, vAyukAya kI sAta lAkha, pratyeka vanaspatikAya kI dasa lAkha, sAdhAraNa vanaspatikAya (150)

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kI caudaha lAkha, dvIndriya kI do lAkha, trIndriya kI do lAkha, caurindrIya kI do lAkha. nAraka cAra lAkha, devatA cAra lAkha, tiryaca cAra lAkha, manuSyoM kI caudaha lAkha prajAti (yoni) mAnI gaI hai| 15ve dvAra meM gRhastha upAsaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA vivecana hai| ye gyAraha pratimAeM nimna haiM- (1) darzanapratimA, (2) vratapratimA, (3) sAmAyikapratimA, (4) pauSadhopavAsapratimA, (5) niyamapratimA, (6) sacittatyAgapratimA, (7) brahmacaryapratimA, (8) ArambhatyAgapratimA, (9) preSyatyAgapratimA, (10) auddezika-AhAratyAgapratimA, (11) shrmnnbhuutprtimaa| 154veM dvAra meM vibhinna prakAra ke dhAnyoM ke bIja kitane kAla taka sacitta rahate haiM aura kaba nirjIva ho jAte haiM, isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 155veM dvAra meM kaunasI vastueM kSetrAtIta hone para acitta ho jAtI haiM, isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI krama meM 156ve dvAra meM gehUM, cAvala, mUMga-tila Adi caubIsa prakAra ke dhAnyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 157ve dvAra meM samavAyAMgasUtra ke samAna sataraha prakAra ke maraNa (mRtyu) kA vivecana hai| 158veM aura 159veM dvAroM meM kramazaH palyopama aura sAgaropama ke svarUpa kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| isI krama meM 160veM aura 161veM dvAroM meM kramazaH avasarpiNI kAla aura utsarpiNIkAla ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt 162veM dvAra meM pudgalaparAvartakAla ke svarUpa kA vivecana huA hai| __ 163veM aura 164veM dvAroM meM kramazaH paMdraha karmabhUmiyoM aura tIsa akarmabhUmiyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 165veM dvAra meM jAtimada, kulamada Adi ATha prakAra ke madoM (ahaMkAroM) kA vivecana hai| 166veM dvAra meM hiMsA ke do aura tiyAlIsa bhedoM kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| isI prakAra 167veM dvAra meM pariNAmoM ke eka sau ATha bhedoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| 168veM dvAra meM brahmacarya ke aTThAraha prakAroM kI carcA hai aura 169veM dvAra meM kAma ke caubIsa bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| . isI krama meM Age 170veM dvAra meM dasa prakAra ke prANoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| (151)

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jainadarzana meM pAMca iMdriyAM mana-vacana aura kAyA- aise tIna bala, zvAsAcchvAsa aura Ayu aise dasa prANa mAne gae haiN| 171veM dvAra meM dasa prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM kI carcA hai| 172veM dvAra meM sAta naraka bhUmiyoM ke nAma aura gotra kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| Age 173 se lekara 182 taka ke sabhI dvAra nArakIya jIvana ke vivecana se sambaddha haiN| 173veM dvAra meM naraka ke AvAsoM kA, 174veM dvAra meM nArakIya vedanA kA, 175veM dvAra meM nArakoM kI Ayu kA, 176veM dvAra meM nArakIya jIvoM ke zarIra kI lambAI Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| punaH 177veM dvAra meM naraka gati meM pratisamaya utpatti aura aMtarAla kA vivecana hai| 178vAM dvAra kisa naraka ke jIvoM meM kaunasI dravya lezyA pAI jAtI hai, isakA vivecana karatA hai, jabaki 179vAM dvAra nAraka jIvoM ke avadhi-jJAna ke svarUpa kA vivecana karatA hai| 180veM dvAra meM nArakIya jIvoM ko daNDita karane vAle paramAdhAmI devoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 181veM dvAra meM nArakIya jIvoM kI labdhi arthAt zakti kA vivecana hai, jabaki 182veM, 183 aura 184veM dvAroM meM nArakIya jIvoM ke upapAta arthAt janma kA vivecana prastuta karatA hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jIva kina yoniyoM meM marakara kaunasI naraka meM utpanna hotA hai aura nArakIya jIva marakara tiryaca aura manuSya yoniyoM meM kahAM-kahAM janma lete haiN| 185 se 191 taka ke sAta dvAroM meM kramazaH ekendriya jIvoM kI kAyasthiti, bhavasthiti, zarIra parimANa, iMdriyoM ke svarUpa, iMdriyoM ke viSaya, ekendriya jIvoM kI lezyA tathA unakI gati aura Agati kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| 192 aura 193veM dvAroM meM vikaleMdriya Adi kI utpatti, cyavana evaM virahakAla (aMtarAla) kA tathA janma aura mRtyu prApta karane vAloM kI saMkhyA kA vivecana hai| __ 194veM dvAra meM bhavanapati Adi devoM kI kAyasthiti, 195ve dvAra meM unake bhavanAdi kA svarUpa 196veM dvAra meM ina devoM ke zarIra kI lambAI Adi aura 197veM dvAra meM vibhinna devoM meM pAI jAne vAlI dravya lezyA kA vivecana hai| isI krama meM 198veM dvAra meM devoM ke avadhijJAna ke svarUpa kA aura 199veM dvAra meM devoM kI utpatti meM hone vAle (152)

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virahakAla kA vivecana hai| 200veM dvAra meM devoM ke upapAta ke virahakAla kA aura 201veM dvAra meM devoM ke upapAta kI saMkhyA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 202 aura 203veM dvAroM meM kramazaH devoM kI gati aura Agati kA vivecana hai| 204vAM dvAra siddha gati meM jAne vAle jIvoM ke bIca jo aMtarAla arthAt virahakAla hotA hai usakA vivecana karatA hai| 205veM dvAra meM jIvoM ke AhArAdi ke svarUpa kA vivecana hai| 206veM dvAra meM tInasautresaTha pAkhaMDI matoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 207veM dvAra meM pramAda ke ATha bhedoM kA vivecana hai| 208veM dvAra meM bAraha cakravartiyoM kA, 209veM dvAra meM nau baladevoM kA, 210veM dvAra meM nau vAsudevoM kA aura 211veM dvAra meM nau prativAsudevoM kA saMkSipta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| 212veM dvAra meM cakravartI, vAsudeva Adi ke kramazaH caudaha aura sAta ratnoM kA vivecana hai| . 213veM dvAra meM cakravartI, vAsudeva Adi kI nava nidhiyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 214vAM dvAra vibhinna yoniyoM meM janma lene vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA Adi kA vivecana karatA hai| 215ve dvAra se lekara 220veM dvAra taka chaH dvAroM meM jainakarmasiddhAMta kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| inameM kramazaH ATha mUla prakRtiyoM, eka sau aTThAvana uttara prakRtiyoM, unake baMdha Adi ke svarUpa tathA unakI sthiti kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| aMtima do dvAroM meM kramazaH bayAlIsa puNya prakRtiyoM kA aura bayAsI pApa prakRtiyoM kA vivecana hai| 221veM dvAra meM jIvoM ke kSAyika Adi chaH prakAra ke bhAvoM kA vivecana hai, isake sAtha hI isa dvAra meM vibhinna guNasthAnoM meM pAe jAne vAle vibhinna bhAvoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 222vAM evaM 223vAM kramazaH jIvoM ke caudaha aura ajIvoM ke caudaha prakAra kA vivecana karatA hai| 224veM dvAra meM caudaha guNasthAnoM kA, 225veM dvAra meM caudaha mArgaNAoM kA,

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226veM dvAra meM bAraha upayogoM kA aura 227veM dvAra meM paMdraha yogoM kA vivecana hai| __228veM dvAra meM guNasthAnoM meM rahate hue paraloka gamana kA, 229veM dvAra meM guNasthAnoM kA kAla-mAna, 230 se 232veM dvAra meM vikurvaNA kAla, 7 prakAra ke samudghAta aura 6 paryAptiyoM kA vizleSaNa hai| 233veM dvAra meM 4 prakAra ke anAharaka, 234veM dvAra meM 7 prakAra ke bhayasthAna, 235ve dvAra meM 6 prakAra kI aprazastabhASA kA varNana hai| 236veM dvAra meM zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM ke jo bhaMga banate haiM, unakA zAstrIya dRSTi se prAmaNika vivecana haiN| - 237veM dvAra meM aThAraha prakAra ke pApoM kA vivecana hai| 238ve dvAra meM muni ke sattAisa mUla guNoM kA vivecana hai| 239veM dvAra meM zrAvaka ke ikkIsa guNoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 240veM dvAra meM tiryaca jIvoM kI garbha sthiti ke utkRSTa kAla kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jabaki 241veM dvAra meM manuSyoM kI garbha sthiti ke sambaMdha meM vivecana hai| 242vAM dvAra manuSya kI kAya sthiti ko spaSTa karatA hai| . 243veM dvAra meM garbha meM sthita jIva ke AhAra ke svarUpa kA vivecana hai, to 244veM dvAra meM garbha kA dhAraNa kaba sambhava hotA hai, isakA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| 245veM aura 246veM dvAra meM kramazaH yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki eka pitA ke kitane putra ho sakate haiM? aura eka putra ke kitane pitA ho sakate haiN| yaha Adhunika jIva vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI eka rocaka viSaya hai| ___ 247veM dvAra meM strI-puruSa kaba saMtAnotpatti ke ayogya hote haiM, isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 248veM dvAra meM vIrya Adi kI mAtrA ke sambaMdha meM carcA kI gaI hai| isameM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki eka zarIra meM rakta vIrya Adi kI kitanI mAtrA hotI hai| 249veM dvAra meM samyaktva Adi kI upalabdhi meM kisa apekSA se kitanA aMtarAla hotA hai, isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 250veM dvAra meM manuSya bhava meM kinakI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai, isakA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 251veM dvAra meM gyAraha aMgoM ke parimANa kA aura 252veM dvAra meM caudaha pUrvo ke parimANa kA vivecana hai| inameM mukhya rUpa se yaha batAyA hai ki kisa aMga aura kisa pUrva kI kitanI zloka saMkhyA hotI hai| 253- dvAra meM lavaNa zikhA ke parimANa kA ullekha hai| 254vAM dvAra vibhinna

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prakAra ke aMguloM (mApa vizeSa) kA vivecana karatA hai| 255veM dvAra meM trasakAya ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 256veM dvAra meM chaH prakAra ke anantakAyoM kI carcA hai| 257veM dvAra meM nimitta zAstra ke ATha aMgoM kA vivecana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha dvAra aSTAMga nimitta zAstra kA vivecana karatA hai| 258ve dvAra meM mAna aura unmAna arthAt aura mApa-taula sambaMdhI vibhinna paimAne die gae haiN| 259veM dvAra meM aThAraha prakAra ke bhojya padArthoM kA vivecana hai| 260vAM dvAra SaT sthAnaka hAni-vRddhi nAmaka jaina darzana kI viziSTa avadhAraNA kA vivecana karatA hai| 261veM dvAra meM una jIvoM kA nirdeza hai, jinakA saMharaNa sambhava nahIM hotA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNI, apagataveda, parihAra vizuddha cAritra, pulAkajabdhi, apramatta guNasthAnavartI caudaha pUrvadhara evaM AhAraka labdhi se sampanna jIvoM kA saMharaNa nahIM hotA hai| 262veM dvAra meM chappana anrdIpoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 263veM dvAra meM jIvoM kA pAsparika alpabahutva kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 264veM dvAra meM yugapradhAna sUriyoM arthAt AcAryoM kI saMkhyA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 265veM dvAra meM RSabha se lekara mahAvIra svAmI paryanta tIrtha kI sthiti kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 266vAM dvAra vibhinna devalokoM meM devatA apanI kAma-vAsanA kI pUrti kaise karate haiM, isakA vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai| 267veM dvAra meM kRSNarAjI kA vivecana hai| 268vAM dvAra asvAdhyAya ke svarUpa kA vistRta vivecana karatA hai| 269veM dvAra meM nandIzvara dvIpa ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| - 270veM dvAra meM vibhinna prakAra kI labdhiyoM (viziSTa zaktiyoM) kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 271veM dvAra meM chaH Antara aura cha: bAhya tapoM ke svarUpa kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai|

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272veM dvAra meM dasa pAtAlakalazoM ke svarUpa kA vivecana hai| 273veM dvAra meM AhAraka zarIra ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 274veM dvAra meM anArya dezoM kA aura 275veM dvAra meM Arya dezoM kA vivecana hai| aMtima 276vAM dvAra siddhoM ke ikattIsa guNoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai|.. isa prakAra yaha vizAlakAya kRti 276 dvAroM (adhyAyoM) meM jainadarzana ke 276 viziSTa pakSoM ke vivecana ke sAtha meM samApta hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa kRti ko jainadharmadarzana kA eka choTA vizvakoSa kahA jA sakatA hai| hameM yaha jAnakara atyaMta prasannatA hotI hai ki prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura ne jaina darzana ke isa mahattvapUrNa graMtha ko hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita karane kA nizcaya kiyA hai| isase jana sAmAnya aura vidvat varga donoM kA hI upakAra hogA, kyoMki isakA hindI bhASA meM koI bhI anuvAda upalabdha nahIM thaa| parama viduSI sAdhvI zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. ne isa vizAlakAya graMtha kA hindI anuvAda karane kA jo kaThinatara kArya kiyA hai, vaha stutya to hai, sAtha hI unakI bahuzrutatA kA paricAyaka bhI hai| aise durUha prAkRta graMtha kA hindI anuvAda karanA sahaja nahIM thA, yaha unake sAhasa kA hI pariNAma hai ki unhoMne na kevala isa mahAkArya ko hAtha meM le liyA, apitu prAmANikatA ke sAtha ise sampUrNa bhI kiyaa| anuvAda meM unhoMne mUla graMtha ke sAtha TIkA ko bhI AdhAra banAyA hai| isase pAThakoM ko viSaya ko spaSTa rUpa se samajhane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| anuvAda sahaja aura sugama hai aura sIdhA mUla viSaya ko sparza karatA hai| vastutaH, yaha pUjyA sAdhvIjI kA jainavidyA ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai aura isa hetu ve hama sabhI ke sAdhuvAda kI pAtra haiN| AzA hai pAThakagaNa isa graMtha kA adhyayana-manana kara pUjyA sAdhvIjI ke zrama ko sArthaka kreNge| yaha pUjyA sAdhvIvaryA zrIhemaprabhAzrI jI ma.sA. kA asIma anugraha hI hai ki unhoMne isakI bhUmikA likhane kA na kevala mujhase Agraha kiyA, apitu merI vyastatA ke kAraNa dIrgha avadhi taka isa hetu pratIkSA bhI kii| vilamba hetu maiM pUjyA sAdhvIjI evaM pAThakoM se kSamAprArthI huuN|

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tattvArthasUtra kI bhUmikA (I.san 3rI-4thI zatI) tattvArtha sUtra jaina paramparA kA eka mAtra aisA graMtha hai, jise jaina dharma ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM mAnyatA prApta hai| jaina dharma ke sabhI sampradAya-digambara, zvetAmbara-maMdiramArgI, sthAnakavAsI aura terahapaMthI ise AdhArabhUta graMtha ke rUpa meM mAnya karate haiN| sAtha hI ina sabhI sampradAyoM meM Aja bhI isake paThana-pAThana kI jIvita paramparA hai| anya dharmAvalambI bhI ise jaina dharma ke pratinidhi graMtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| tattvArtha sUtra jaina paramparA kA prathama graMtha hai, jo saMskRta bhASA meM racita hai| isake pUrva jaina AcArya apanA lekhana prAkRta bhASA meM hI karate the| bhAratIya darzanazAstra ke itihAsa meM sUtra yuga (I.san kI prathama zatI se pAMcavIM zatI) meM darzana kI pratyeka dhArA ne apaneapane siddhAMta graMthoM ko saMskRta bhASA meM sUtra zailI meM racA, jaise vaizeSika sUtra, nyAyasUtra, sAMkhyasUtra, yoga sUtra, brahmasUtra aadi| isa krama meM jaina dArzanikoM ke lie bhI yaha Avazyaka huA ki ve apane darzana kA graMtha sUtra zailI meM saMskRta bhASA meM likhe| isI dRSTi ko lakSya meM rakhakara umAsvAti ne saMskRta bhASA meM sUtra zailI meM isa graMtha kI racanA kii| isa graMtha meM dasa adhyAya haiN| vartamAna meM isake do pATha pracalita haiM- (1) bhASyamAnya pATha aura (2) sarvArtha siddhi mAnya paatth| donoM pAThoM meM adhyAya saMkhyA to samAna hai, kiMtu sUtra saMkhyA meM thor3A aMtara hai| bhAvya mAnya kI sUtra saMkhyA 344 hai, jabaki sarvArtha siddhi mAnya pATha kI sUtra saMkhyA 357 hai| yadyapi sarvArtha siddhi mAnya pATha meM jo adhika sUtra haiM, unameM se adhikAMza sUtra bhASya ke rUpa meM svopajJa bhASya meM pAe jAte haiN| tattvArtha sUtra ke kartA umAsvAti haiN| yadyapi digambara paramparA meM umAsvAmI nAma bhI pracalita haiM, kiMtu yaha dakSiNa bhArata meM svAmI, nAmAnta ke prabhAva se hai| jJAtavya hai ki digambara paramparA meM unake nAma ke sAtha gRddhapicchAcArya aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM vAcaka vizeSaNa bhI pracalita rahe haiN| umAsvAti ne tattvArtha bhASya kI prazasti meM apane pitA kA nAma svAti aura mAtA ko vAtsI arthAt vatsagotrIya batAyA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne mAtA kA nAma 'umA' bhI batAyA hai, kiMtu unake isa kathana kA AdhAra kyA hai, yaha mujhe jJAta nahIM hai| prazasti meM unhoMne apane ko uccanAgarI zAkhA kA tathA Arya ghoSa nandI kA praziSya aura Arya ziva kA ziSya kahA hai| apane vidyAguru ke rUpa meM unhoMne kSamaNa muNDapAda ke

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ziSya AcArya mUla kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAtha hI apanA janmasthAna nyagrodhikA grAma batAte hue kahA hai ki kusumapura (vartamAna paTanA) meM vicaraNa karate hue isa graMtha kI racanA kI, ina tathyoM ke atirikta unake sambaMdha meM anya koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| tattvArthasUtra kI viSayavastu tattvArthasUtra ko jainadharma aura darzana kA sArabhUta graMtha kahA jA sakatA hai| usameM jainadharma ke AdhArabhUta sapta tattvoM kI vivecanA huI hai| ve sAta tattva haiM- jIva, ajIva, Asrava, saMvara, baMdha, nirjarA aura mokSA tattvArthasUtra dasa adhyAyoM meM vibhakta haiN| isake prathama adhyAya meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko samanvita rUpa se mokSamArga batAte hue samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna kI carcA kI gaI hai| isameM samyagdarzana kI carcA ke prasaMga meM ATha anuyogadvAra kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| isI prakAra samyagjJAna kI carcA ke prasaMga meM pAMca jJAnoM ke svarUpa evaM unake bheda-prabheda ke vivecana ke sAtha-sAtha naya aura nikSepa kI avadhAraNA ko bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai, kiMtu isameM syAdavAda aura saptabhaMgI kA koI nirdeza nahIM hai| tattvArtha sUtra ke dUsare adhyAya meM jIva tattva aura usake bheda prabheda kA vivecana prastuta karane ke sAtha-sAtha paMcabhAvoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| ye paMcabhAva nimna hai- 1. audayikabhAva, 2. aupazamika bhAva, 3. kSAyika bhAva, 4. kSAyoparAmika bhAva aura 5. pAriNAmika bhaav| tIsare adhyAya meM nArakIya jIvoM kA vivecana karate hue saptanarakoM aura pratyeka naraka jIvoM kI lezyA Ayu sthiti Adi kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra kA caturtha adhyAya cAra prakAra ke deva nikAya kA varNana prastuta karatA hai| ye cAra prakAra ke deva nikAya nimna mAne gae haiM - 1. bhavanapati, 2. vyaMtara, 3. jyotiSka aura 4. vaimaanik| isa adhyAya meM ina devoM ke upaprakAroM, unake nivAsa sthAna, Ayu-maryAdA Adi kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| tattvArthasUtra kA paMcama adhyAya mukhyataH ajIva tattva se sambaMdhita hai| ajIva tattva kI isa carcA meM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgala aura kAla ke svarUpa lakSaNa Adi kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa adhyAya meM dravya lakSaNa kI bhI vivecanA hai| tattvArtha sUtra kA chaThA adhyAya Azrava tattva ke vivecana se sambaMdhita hai| isa adhyAya meM puNya aura pApa kramazaH zubha aura azubha Azrava mAnakara Azrava tattva meM hI samAhita kara liyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra se pUrva AgamoM aura AgamoM kA anusaraNa karate hue AcArya kundakunda ke graMthoM meM jo navattvoM kI carcA milatI hai, usake

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sthAna para tattvArtha sUtrakAra pApatattva aura puNyatattva kA Asrava tattva meM samAveza karake sAta tattvoM kI hI carcA karatA hai| tattvArthasUtra kA sAtavAM adhyAya saMvara tattva se sambaMdhita hai| isameM gRhastha dharma aura munidharma kA saMkSipta kiMtu sarvAMgINa vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra kA aSTama baMdha tattva se sambaMdhita hai| sUtrakAra ne isameM karmabaMdha ke pAMca hetuoM kI carcA karate hue jaina karmasiddhAMta kA sArabhUta vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| tattvArtha kA navA adhyAya nirjarA tattva se sambaMdhita hai| isa prasaMga meM chaH prakAra ke bAhya aura chaH prakAra ke Abhyantara tapoM kI gambhIra vivecanA prastuta kI gaI hai| tattvArthasUtra kI yaha vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM samyak cAritra ko Azrava nirodha kA hetu mAnakara saMvara ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, jabaki nirjarA tattva ke samyak tapa ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| tapo kI isa carcA ke prasaMga meM hI navam adhyAya meM cAroM prakAra ke dhyAnoM kA svarUpa, lakSaNa, Alambana Adi kI bhI samIcIna carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isI adhyAya meM karmanirjarA ke phalasvarUpa hone vAle AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dasa avasthAoM kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| jJAtavya hai ki tattvArthasUtra meM jaina darzana meM bahucarcita AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke caudaha sopAna rUpa guNasthAnoM kI koI carcA nahIM milatI hai| isa AdhAra para vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM guNasthAna siddhAMta kA aura jJAna mImAMsA ke saptabhaMgI naya ke siddhAMta kA vikAsa tattvArthasUtra se paravartI hai| Agama graMthoM meM bhI guNasthAna siddhAMta aura saptabhaMgI naMya kA samIcIna vivecana prAyaH anupalabdha hI hai| . isase yaha siddha hotA hai tattvArthasUtra guNasthAna siddhAMta aura saptabhaMgI naya kI avadhAraNA ke pUrva nirmita huA hai| tattvArtha sUtra kA dasavAM adhyayana mokSa tattva se sambaMdhita hai| yaha adhyAya atyaMta saMkSipta hai, isa adhyAya meM mAtra 7 sUtra haiN| . tattvArthasUtra ke bhASyamAnya pATha kI prAcInatA tattvArtha ko bhASyamAnya aura sarvArthasiddhi mAnya aise do pATha pracalita haiN| inameM kauna sA pATha prAcIna aura maulika hai tathA kauna-sA vikasita hai ? yaha viSaya vivAdAspada rahA hai| isa sambaMdha meM vistRta carcA ke bAda hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMce hai ki jahAM sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha bhASA, vyAkaraNa aura viSayavastu tInoM kI dRSTi se apekSAkRta zuddha, vyAkaraNa sanmata aura vikasita hai, vahIM bhASyamAnya mUlapATha usakI apekSA bhASAyI dRSTi se pUrvavartI aura kama vikasita pratIta hotA hai| ataH bhASyamAnyapATha kI prAcInatA suspaSTa hai| sujikA ohiro Adi videzI vidvAnoM kA bhI yahI mantavya hai|

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sarvArthasiddhimAnyapATha parivartana kA uttaradAyI kauna? - isI se sambaddha hI eka prazna yaha uThatA hai ki isa pATha parivartana kA uttaradAyI kauna hai? sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA rahI hai ki yaha pATha parivartana digambara AcAryoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA, kiMtu pUrva carcA meM maiM isa niSkarSa para pahuMcA hUM ki bhASya mAnya pATha kA saMzodhana karake jo sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha nirdhArita huA hai, usa parivartana kA dAyitva digambara AcAryoM para nahIM jAtA hai| yadi pUjyapAda devanandI ne hI isa pATha kA saMzodhana kiyA hotA to ve 'ekAdaza jine' Adi una sUtroM ko nikAla dete yA saMzodhita kara dete jo digambara paramparA ke pakSa meM nahIM jAte haiN| isa sambaMdha meM merA niSkarSa yaha hai ki sarvAthasiddhimAnya pATha kisI yApanIya AcArya dvArA saMzodhita hai| pUjyapAda devanandI ko jisa rUpa meM upalabdha huA hai, unhoMne usI rUpa meM usakI TIkA likhI hai| punaH yaha saMzodhita pATha bhI svayaM tattvArthabhASya para AdhArita hai| isameM aneka bhASya ke vAkya yA vAkyAMza sUtra ke rUpa meM grahIta kara lie gae haiN| jahAM taka bhASya mAnya pATha kA prazna hai, vahIM tattvArthasUtra kA mUla pATha rahA hai aura zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI koI pATha saMzodhana nahIM kiyA hai- siddhasena gaNi ko vaha pATha jisa rUpa meM upalabdha huA hai, unhoMne use vaisA hI rakhA hai, yadi ve use saMzodhita karate yA savArthasiddhi ke pATha ke AdhAra para use apanI paramparAnusAra nayA rUpa dete, to phira mUla evaM bhASya meM jina mUla bhedoM kI carcA . ve karate haiM, vaha sambhava hI nahIM hotI, ataH pATha saMzodhana na to digambaroM ne kiyA hai aura na zvetAmbaroM ne| usakA uttaradAyitva to yApanIya AMcAryoM para jAtA hai| tattvArthabhASya kI svopajJatA tattvArthAdhigama bhASya kI svopajJatA bhI eka vivAda kA viSaya rahI hai| isa saMdarbha meM samasta vivecanA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM ki bhASya kI svopajJatA nirvivAda hai| bhASya tattvArthasUtra kI anya TIkAoM kI apekSA avikasita hai, usameM guNa sthAna, syAdvAda, saptabhaMgI jaise viSayoM kA spaSTa abhAva hai| paM. nAthUrAmajI premI Adi kucha digambara vidvAnoM ne bhI usakI svopajJatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai, ataH bhASya kI svopajJatA nirvivAda hai| bhASya meM jo vastra-pAtra sambaMdhI ullekha hai, ve vartamAna zvetAmbara paramparA ke poSaka na hokara usa sthiti ke sUcaka hai, jo I.san kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI meM uttarabhArata ke nigraMtha saMgha kI thI aura jinakA aMkana mathurA kI muni pratimAoM meM bhI huA hai| mathurA ke isa kAla ke aMkanoM meM muni nagna hai, kiMtu usake hAtha meM kambala aura mukhavastrikA hai| (160)

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kucha muni nagna hokara bhI pAtra yukta jholI hAtha meM lie hue haiM, to kucha jholI rahita mAtra pAtra lie hue hai, yaha saba usa saMkramaNa kAla kA sUcaka hai, jisake kAraNa vivAda huA aura phalataH zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA (uttarabhArata kI acela dhArA) kA vikAsa huaa| bhASya meM muni vastra ke lie cIvara zabda kA prayoga huaa| kalpasUtra meM bhI mahAvIra jisa eka vastra ko lekara dIkSita hue aura eka varSa aura eka mAha pazcAt jisakA parityAga kara diyA thA-use cIvara kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra mahAvIra lagabhaga eka varSa taka eka vastra ko rakhate hue bhI nagna rhe| yahI sthiti umAsvAti ke kAla ke sacela nigraMtha zramaNoM kI hai- ve sacela hokara bhI nagna hai| pAlI tripiTaka meM nirgrathoM ko jo eka zATaka kahA gayA hai, vaha sthiti bhI tattvArtha bhASya ke kAla taka uttara bhArata meM yathAvata cala rahI thii| mathurA meM eka ora vastra dhAraNa kie eka bhI muni pratimA nahIM milI, to dUsarI ora pUrNataH nirvastra pratimA bhI nahIM milI hai| kyoMki unake gaNa, kula, zAkhAeM mAnya kalpasUtra ke anusAra hai| ataH ve zvetAmbaroM ke pUrvaja AcArya haiM, isameM bhI saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usake kartA kA kAla . umAsvAti ke.kAla nirNaya ke saMdarbha meM jo bhI prayAsa hue haiM, ve sabhI unheM prathama se cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya siddha karate hai| umAsvAti ke graMthoM meM hameM saptabhaMgI aura guNasthAna siddhAMta kA sunizcita svarUpa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yadyapi guNasthAna siddhAMta sambaMdhita kucha pAribhASika zabdoM kI upasthiti se itanA saMketa avazya milatA hai ki ye avadhAraNAeM apane svarUpa ke nirdhAraNa kI dizA meM gatizIla thii| isase hama isa niSkarSa para to pahuMca hI sakate haiM ki umAsvAti ina avadhAraNAoM ke sunirdhArita evaM sunizcita hone ke pUrva hI hue hai| tattvArthasUtra kI jo prAcIna TIkAeM upalabdha haiM, unameM zvetAmbara paramparA meM tattvArtha bhASya ko aura digambara paramparA meM sarvArthasiddhi ko prAcInatama mAnA jAtA hai| inameM se tattvArtha bhASya meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI kI spaSTa avadhAraNA upalabdha nahIM hai, jabaki sarvArthasiddhi meM guNasthAna kA spaSTa evaM vistRta vivaraNa hai| tattvArthasUtra kI paravartI TIkAoM meM sarvaprathama akalaMka tattvArtha rAjavArttika meM cauthe adhyAya ke aMta meM saptabhaMgI kA tathA 9veM adhyAya ke prAraMbha meM guNasthAna siddhAMta kA pUrNa vivaraNa prastuta karate haiN| tattvArtha kI TIkAoM ke atirikta anya graMthoM meM vizeSa rUpa se zvetAmbara AgamoM meM samavAyAMga meM jIvaThANa ke nAma se, yApanIya graMtha SaTkhaNDAgama meM 'jIvasamAsa' ke nAma se aura digambara (161)

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paramparA meM kundakunda ke graMthoM guNaThANa ke nAma se isa siddhAMta kA ullekha milatA hai| ye sabhI graMtha lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatI ke AsapAsa ke haiN| isalie itanA to nizcita hai ki tattvArtha kI racanA cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI hai| yaha sahI hai ki IsA dUsarI zatAbdI se vastra-pAtra ke prazna para vivAda prArambha ho gayA, phira bhI yaha nizcita hai ki pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise sampradAya astitva meM nahIM A pAe the| nigraMthasaMgha (digambara), zvetapaTTamahAzramaNasaMgha aura yApanIya saMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha halsI ke pAMcavIM zatI ke abhilekhoM meM hI milatA hai| - mUlasaMgha kA ullekha usase kucha pahale I.san 370 evaM 421 kA hai| tattvArtha ke mUlapAThoM kI kahIM digambara paramparA se, kahIM zvetAmbara paramparA se aura kahIM yApanIya paramparA se saMgati honA aura kahIM visaMgati honA, yahI sUcita karatA hai ki vaha saMgha bheda ke pUrva kI racanA hai| mujhe jo saMketa sUtra mile haiM, usase aisA lagatA hai ki tattvArtha usa kAla kI racanA hai jaba zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya spaSTa rUpa se vibhAjita hokara astitva meM nahIM Ae the| zrI kApar3iyAjI ne tattvArtha ko prathama zatAbdI ke pazcAt cauthI zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA mAnA hai| tattvArthasUtra bhASya meM aise bhI aneka tathya hai jo na to sarvathA vartamAna zvetAmbara paramparA se aura na hI digambara paramparA se mela khAte haiN| 'hisTrI oNpha miDivala skUla oNpha iNDiyana lAjika' meM tattvArthasUtra kI tithi 1-85 e.DI. svIkAra kI gaI hai| pro.viMTaranitja mAnate haiM ki umAsvAti usa yuga meM hue jaba uttara bhArata meM zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya eka dUsare se pUrNataH pRthak nahIM hue the| unakA graMtha tattvArtha sUtra sapaSTataH sampradAya bheda ke pUrva kA hai| sampradAya bheda ke sambaMdha meM sarvaprathama hameM jo sAhityika sUcanA upalabdha hotI hai, vaha Avazyaka mUlabhASya kI hai, jo Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyaka ke madhya nirmita huA thaa| usameM vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa pazcAt hI boTikoM kI utpatti kA arthAt uttara bhArata meM acela aura sacela paramparAoM ke vibhAjana kA ullekha hai| sAtha hI usameM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki muni ke sacela yA acela hone kA vivAda to AryakRSNa aura Arya ziva ke bIca vIra ni.saM. 609 meM huA thA, kiMtu paramparA bheda unake ziSTa kauDiNya aura koTTavIra se huaa| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki spaSTa rUpa se paramparA bheda vIra ni.saM. 609 ke pazcAt huA hai| sAmAnyatayA vIra nirmANa vikrama saMvat se 470 varSa pUrva mAnA jAtA hai, kiMtu isameM 60 varSa kA vivAda hai, jisakI carcA AcArya hemacaMdra se lekara samakAlIna aneka vidvAna bhI kara rahe haiN| itihAsakAroM ne caMdragupta, azoka aura samprati Adi kA jo kAla nirdhArita kiyA hai, (162)

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usameM caMdragupta aura bhadrabAhu kI tathA samprati aura suhasti kI samakAlikatA vIra nirvANa ko vikrama saMvata 410 varSa pUrva mAnane para hI adhika baiThatI hai| yadi vIra nirvANa vikrama saMvat ke 410 varSa pUrva huA hai to yaha mAnanA hogA ki saMghabheda 609-410 arthAt vikrama saMvat 199 meM huaa| yadi isameM bhI hama kauDiNya aura koTTavIra kA kAla 60 varSa aura jor3e to yaha saMdhabheda lagabhaga vikrama saMvat 259 arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI uttarArddha meM huA hogaa| isa saMghabheda ke phalasvarUpa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA kA spaSTa vikAsa to isake bhI lagabhaga sau varSa pazcAt huA hogaa| kyoMki pAMcavIM zatI ke pUrva ina nAmoM kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| ataH umAsvAti vikrama kI cauthI zatI yA usake bhI pUrva hue haiN| tattvArthabhASya kI prazasti tattvArthasUtra ke kartA ke kAla kA nirNaya karane kA Aja ekamAtra mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai| usa prazasti ke anusAra tattvArtha ke kartA uccai gara zAkhA meM hue| uccairnAgara zAkhA kA uccanAgarI zAkhA ke rUpa meM kalpasUtra meM ullekha hai| usameM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki yaha zAkhAArya zAMtizreNika se prArambha huii| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra zAMtizreNika Aryavajra ke guru siMhagiri ke gurubhrAtA the| zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM meM Aryavajra kA svargavAsa kAla vIra nirvANa saM. 584 mAnA jAtA hai| ataH AryazAMti zreNika kA jIvana kAla vIra nirvANa 470 se 550 ke bIca mAnanA hogaa| pha lataH AryazAMtizreNika ke uccanAgarI kI utpatti vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArdha aura dvitIya zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM kisI samaya huii| isakI saMgati mathurA ke abhilekhoM se * bhI hotI hai| uccairnAgara zAkhA kA prathama abhilekha zaka saM.5 arthAt vikrama saMvata 140 kA hai, ataH umAsvAti kA kAla vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI pazcAt hI siddha hogaa| umAsvAti ke tattvArthabhASya meM unheM uccairnAgarA zAkhA kA batAyA gayA hai| isa zAkhA ke nau abhilekha hameM mathurA se upalabdha hote haiN| jina para kaniSka, huviSka aura vAsudeva kA ullekha bhI hai| yadi ina para aMkita samvat zaka saMvata ho to yaha kAla prAka. saMvat 5 se 87 ke bIca AtA hai; itihAsakAroM ke anusAra kaniSka, huviSka aura vAsudeva I. san 78 se 176 ke bIca hue haiN| vikrama saMvat kI dRSTi se unakA yaha kAla zaka saMvat 135 se 233 ke bIca AtA hai arthAt vikrama saMvat kI dvitIya zatAbdI kA uttarArddha aura tRtIya zatAbdI kA puurvaarddh| abhilekhoM ke kAla kI saMgati Arya zAMtizreNika aura unase utpanna uccanAgarI zAkhA ke kAla se ThIka baiThatI hai| umAsvAti isake pazcAt hI kabhI

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hue haiN| tattvArthabhASya meM umAsvAti ne apane praguru ghoSanandI zramaNa aura guru zivazrI kA ullekha kiyA hai| mujhe mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM khoja karane para sthAnika kula ke gaNI uggahiNI ke ziSya vAcaka ghoSaka kA ullekha upalabdha huA hai| sthAnikakula bhI usI koTikagaNa kA kula hai, jisakI eka zAkhA uccAnAgarI hai| kucha abhilekhoM meM sthAnika kula ke sAtha vajrI zAkhA kA bhI ullekha huA hai| yadyapi uccanAgarI aura vajrI donoM hI zAkhAeM koTikagaNa kI haiN| mathurA ke eka anya abhilekha meM 'nivatanA sIvada' aisA ullekha bhI milatA hai| nivartanA sambhavataH samAdhi sthala kI sUcaka hai, yadyapi isase ye AryaghoSaka aura Arya ziva nizcita rUpa se hI umAsvAti ke guru evaM praguru haiM, isa niSkarSa para pahuMcanA kaThina hai, phira bhI sambhAvanA to vyakta kI hI jA sakatI hai| dUsare kula bheda yA zAkhA bheda ke AdhAra para unheM praguru yA guru nahIM mAnanA bhI samIcIna nahIM hai| aise aneka udAharaNa hai jahAM guru yA praguru meM kula yA zAkhA bheda sambhava hai| Arya kRSNa aura Arya ziva jinake bIca vastra-pAtra sambaMdhI vivAda vIra ni.saM.609 meM huA thaa| una donoM ke ullekha hameM mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| yadyapi Arya ziva ke sambaMdha meM jo abhilekha upalabdha hote haiM, usake khaNDita hone se saMvat kA nirdeza to spaSTa nahIM hai, kiMtu nivartanAsIvada' aisA ullekha hai jo isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki unake samAdhi sthala para koI nirmANa kArya kiyA gayA thaa| Arya kRSNa kA ullekha karane vAlA anya lekha spaSTa hai aura usameM zaka saMvat 95 nirdiSTa hai| isa abhilekha meM koTIyagaNa, sthAnIyakula aura vairI zAkhA kA ullekha bhI hai| isa AdhAra para Arya ziva aura Arya kRSNa kA kAla vi.saM. 20 ke lagabhaga AtA hai| vastrapAtra vivAda kA kAla vIra ni.sa.609-410 = vi.saM. 199 mAnane para isakI saMgati uparyukta abhilekha se ho jAtI hai, kyoMki Arya kRSNa kI yaha pratimA unake svargavAsa ke 30-40 varSa bAda hI kabhI banI hogii| usase yaha bAta bhI puSTa hotI hai ki Arya ziva Arya kRSNa ke jyeSTha the| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM bhI unheM jyeSTha kahA gayA hai| sambhAvanA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ye dono gurubhAI hoM aura unameM Arya ziva jyeSTha aura Arya kRSNa kaniSTha hoM yA Arya ziva Arya kRSNa ke guru hoN| yadyapi vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza ke kAraNa yaha krama ulaTa diyA gayA hai| ina Arya ziva ko umAsvAti kA praguru mAnane para unakA kAla tIsarI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hogA, kiMtu tIsarI zatI ke uttarArdha se cauthI zatAbdI pUrvArdha taka ke jo bhI 16

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jaina zilAlekha upalabdha haiM, unameM kahIM bhI zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya aisA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| vastra, pAtra Adi ke upayoga ko lekara vikrama saMvat kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha se vivAda prArambha ho gayA thA, kiMtu spaSTa rUpa se zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya paramparAoM ke bheda sthApita nahIM hue the| vi.saM. kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke arthAt I.san 475 se 490 ke abhilekhoM meM sarvaprathama zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNasaMgha (zvetAmbara), nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha (digambara) aura yApanIya saMgha ke ullekha milate haiN| pro.madhusUdana DhAkI ne umAsvAti kA kAla caturtha zatI nirdhArita kiyA hai| uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para maiM ise vikrama saMvat kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se cauthI zatI ke pUrvArddha ke bIca mAnanA caahuuNgaa| cAhe hama umAsvAti kA kAla prathama se caturtha zatI ke bIca kucha bhI mAneM, kiMtu itanA nizcita hai ki ve saMgha bheda ke pUrva ke haiN| yadi hama umAsvAti ke praguru ziva kA samIkaraNa Arya ziva, jinakA ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM bhI hai aura jo uttara bhArata meM vastra-pAtra sambaMdhI vivAda ke janaka the, se karate haiM to samasyA kA samAdhAna milane meM suvidhA hotI hai| Arya ziva vIra nirvANa saM. 609 arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM upasthita the| isa AdhAra para umAsvAti tIsarI ke uttarArdha aura cauthI ke pUrvArddha meM hue hoMge, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki ve isa paramparA bheda meM bhI kauDiNya aura kauTTavIra ke sAtha saMgha se alaga na hokara mUladhArA se jur3e rahe hoN| phalataH unakI vicAradhArA meM yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparA kI mAnyatAoM kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai| vastra-pAtra ko lekara ve zvetAmbaroM aura anya mAnyatAoM ke saMdarbha meM yApanIyoM ke nikaTa rahe haiN| isa samasta carcA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki umAsvAti kA kAla vikrama saMvat kI tIsarI aura cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya hai aura isa kAla taka vastra-pAtra sambaMdhI vivAdoM ke bAvajUda bhI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApaniyoM kA alaga-alaga sAmpradAyika astitva nahIM bana pAyA thaa| umAsvAti nizcita hI spaSTa sampradAya bheda aura sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke nirdhAraNa ke pUrva ke AcArya haiN| ve usa saMkramaNa kAla meM hue hai, jaba zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya sampradAya aura unakI sAmpradAyika mAnyatAeM ho rahI thiiN| tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA - zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA donoM hI paramparA ke vidvAna tattvArthasUtra aura

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usake kartA ko apanI paramparA kA siddha karane kA prayatna karate rahe haiN| donoM hI paramparAoM meM hue ina prayatnoM se isa dizA meM paryApta uhApoha to huA, lekina apanI-apanI AgrahapUrNa dRSTiyoM ke kAraNa kisI ne bhI satya ko dekhane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyaa| isI krama meM paM. nAthUrAmajI premI jaise kucha vidvAnoM ne tattvArthasUtra ke mUlapATha kA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM se AMzika virodha tathA puNyaprakRti ke prasaMga meM usakI yApanIya paramparA ke SaTa-khaNDAgama se nikaTatA ko dekhakara yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake kartA umAsvAti mUlataH yApanIya paramparA ke the| AdaraNIya nAthUrAmajI premI ke taTastha ciMtana se prabhAvita hokara prArambha meM paM. sukhalAlajI evaM paM. dalasukhabhAI ne bhI isa sambhAvanA ko svIkAra kiyA thA ki tattvArthasUtra sambhavataH yApanIya paramparA kA ho, kiMtu bAda meM unhoMne 'tattvArthasUtra aura jainAgama samanvaya' nAmaka graMtha dekhane ke pazcAt apanA nirNaya badalA aura punaH yaha mAnA ki tattvArthasUtra mUlataH zvetAmbara paramparA kA graMtha hai| paM.nAthUrAmajI premI ke mata kA samarthana karate hue yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya' nAmaka graMtha meM zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne bhI tattvArthasUtra kI gaNanA yApanIya sAhitya meM kI hai| : maiM jaba yApanIya sampradAya para apane graMtha kA lekhana kara rahA thA, taba saMyoga se mujhe donoM hI paramparAoM ke vidvAnoM ke vicAroM kA adhyayana karane kA avasara milA, sAtha hI AdaraNIya paM. nAthUrAmajI aura DaoN.kusuma paToriyA ke dRSTikoNa kA bhI paricaya milaa| mujhe yaha pratIta huA ki tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke saMdarbha meM abhI taka jo ciMtana huA hai vaha kahIM na kahIM sAmpradAyika AgrahoM ke ghere meM khar3A hai| sabhI vidvAna kisI na kisI rUpa meM use sampradAya ke cazme se dekhane kA prayatna karate rhe| sabhI vidvAna lagabhaga yaha mAnakara cala rahe the ki 'zvetAmbara' aura 'yApanIya' sampradAya. pahale astitva meM Ae aura tattvArthasUtra inake bAda nirmita huA hai| durbhAgya se kisI ne bhI sAmpradAyika vibheda aura mAnyatAoM ke stharIkaraNa ke pUrva tattvArthasUtra ko rakhakara usakI paramparA ko dekhane kA prayatna nahIM kiyaa| yahI kAraNa rahA ki usako kisI paramparA vizeSa ke sAtha jor3ane meM vidvAnoM ne samyak tarkoM ke sthAna para kutarkoM kA hI adhika sahArA liyA aura yaha prayatna kiyA gayA ki yena-kena prakAreNa use apanI paramparA kA siddha kiyA jaae| yadyapi paM. nAthUrAmajI premI aura paM. sukhalAlajI ne isa dizA meM thor3I taTasthatA kA paricaya diyA aura isa satyatA ko svIkAra kiyA ki tattvArthasUtra ke mUlapATha meM kucha aise tathya haiM, jo yaha batAte haiM ki usakA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM kI sthira mAnyatAoM

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se virodha hai| isI kAraNa sambhavataH paM.nAthUrAmajI premI ne isa ora jhukane kA prayatna kiyA ki yaha yApanIya paramparA kA graMtha hai| unake isa tarka meM kucha bala bhI hai, kyoMki paramparAoM ke virodha meM jAtI haiM, vahIM puNyaprakRti kI carcA ke prasaMga meM vaha yApanIyoM ke adhika nikaTa bhI hai, phira bhI jaba taka hama yaha sunizcita nahIM kara leM ki tattvArthasUtra kI racanA aura yApanIya kI utpatti meM kauna pUrvavartI hai, taba taka hameM yaha kahane kA adhikAra nahIM mila jAtA ki tattvArthasUtra yApanIya graMtha hai| prastuta bhUmikA meM maiMne tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA ke prazna ko lekara sabhI paramparAgata vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA kI hai aura yaha dekhane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki yathArtha sthiti kyA hai| isase maiM isa niSkarSa para pahuMcA ki tattvArthasUtra usa kAla kI racanA hai jaba jainoM meM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise sampradAya astitva meM nahIM Ae the| hAM itanA avazya thA ki AcAryoM meM AcAra evaM darzana ke sambaMdha meM kucha mAnyatA bheda the- jaise ki Aja bhI eka hI sampradAya meM dekhe jAte haiM, vastutaH tattvArtha kI racanA uttara-bhArata kI usa nigraMtha dhArA meM huI, jisase Age calakara zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya paramparAoM kA vikAsa huA hai| . umAsvAti usa kAla meM hue haiM jaba vaicArika evaM AcAragata matabhedoM ke hote hue bhI sAmpradAyika dhruvIkaraNa nahIM huA thaa| isI kA yaha pariNAma hai ki unake graMthoM meM kucha tathya zvetAmbaroM ke anukUla aura kucha pratikUla, kucha tathya digambaroM ke anukUla aura kucha pratikUla tathA kucha yApaniyoM ke anukUla evaM kucha unake pratikUla pAe jAte haiN| vastutaH unakI jo bhI mAnyatAeM haiM, uccanAgara zAkhA kI mAnyatAeM haiN| ataH mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para ve koTikagaNa kI uccanAgara zAkhA ke the| unheM zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya mAna lenA sambhava nahIM hai| ___umAsvAti ko yApanIya graMtha SaTkhaNDAgama Adi kA anusaraNakartA mAnakara yApanIya kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yApanIya paramparA pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt hI astitva meM AI hai aura SaTkhaNDAgama Adi meM guNasthAna siddhAMta kA vistRta vivaraNa hone se ve tattvArthasUtra se paravartI haiN| vastutaH umAsvAti zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI dhArAoM kI pUrvata uttara bhArata kI nigraMtha dhArA kI uccanAgara zAkhA meM hue haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki ve sacela pakSa ke samarthaka rahe hoM, kiMtu isa AdhAra para unheM zvetAmbara nahIM kahA jA sktaa| apavAda rUpa meM sacelatA to yApanIyoM ko bhI mAnya thii| hama dekhate haiM ki mathurA ke (167)

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zilpa meM muniyoM kI mUrtiyoM ke jo aMkana haiM, usameM ve sacela aura sapAtra hokara bhI nagna haiN| ina mUrtiyoM ke aMkana kA kAla aura umAsvAti kA kAla eka hI hai| isa AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki cAhe umAsvAti ko apavAda mArga meM muni ke dvArA vastra aura pAtra grahaNa karane ke virodhI bhale na ho, kiMtu ve usa artha meM sacelatA ke samarthaka bhI nahIM haiM, jisa artha meM Aja zvetAmbara usakA artha grahaNa karate haiN| ve zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ke pUrvaja haiN| yadyapi itanA nizcita hai ki ve dakSiNa bhArata kI prAcIna nigraMtha dhArA se sIdhe sambaddha nahIM the, kyoMki ve uttara bhArata meM hue haiN| unakA janma sthAna nyagrodhikA aura unakI uccanAgara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala uccakalpanagara Aja bhI uttarapUrva madhyapradeza meM satanA ke nikaTa nAgoda aura UMceharA ke nAma se avasthita haiN| unakA vihAra-kSetra bhI mukhya rUpa se paTanA se mathurA taka rahA hai| isa sabase yahI phalita hotA hai ki ve dakSiNa bhArata kI acela dhArA se sambaddha na hokara uttara bhArata kI usa dhArA se sambaddha rahe haiM, jisase Age calakara zvetAmbara aura yApanIya dezoM paramparAoM kA vikAsa huA hai| dakSiNa bhArata kI nigraMtha paramparA jo Age calakara digambara nAma se abhihita huI, unase yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se hI paricita huI hai| tattvArthasUtra ke AdhArabhUta graMtha . umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM jahAM zvetAmbara vidvAna zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ko prastuta karate haiM, vahIM digambara vidvAna SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke graMthoM kA tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra batAte haiM, kiMtu ye donoM hI mAnyatAeM bhrAMta haiM, kyoMki umAsvAti ke kAla taka na to SaTkhaNDAgama aura na kundakunda ke graMtha astitva meM Ae the aura na zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM kI vallabhI vAcanA hI ho pAI thii| SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke graMtha jinameM guNasthAna siddhAMta kA vikasita rUpa upalabdha hai, tattvArtha ke pUrvavartI nahIM ho sakate haiN| guNasthAna siddhAMta aura saptabhaMgI kI avadhAraNAeM jo tattvArtha meM anupasthita haiM, ve lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM astitva meM aaiiN| ataH unase yukta graMtha tattvArtha ke AdhAra nahIM ho sakate haiN| vallabhI kI vAcanA bhI vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM hI sampanna huI hai, ataH vallabha vAcanA meM sampAdita Agama-pATha bhI tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra nahIM mAne jA sakate haiM, kiMtu yaha mAnanA bhI bhrAMta hogA ki tattvArtha kA AdhAra Agama graMtha nahIM the| vallabhI vAcanA meM AgamoM kA saMkalana evaM sampAdana to huA tathA unheM lipibaddha bhI kiyA gayA, kiMtu usase pUrva una Agama graMthoM kA astitva (168

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to thA hI, kyoMki vallabhI meM koI nae Agama nahIM bane the| umAsvAti ke sammukha jo Agama graMtha upasthita the, ve na to devardhi kI vallabhI (vIra.saM.980) ke the aura na skandila kI mAthurI vAcanA vIra ni.saM. 840 ke the, apitu usake pUrva kI ArakSita kI vAcanA ke the| yahI kAraNa hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kI avadhAraNAoM meM bhI kahIM-kahIM valabhI vAcanA se bhinnatA parilakSita hotI hai| IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI meM jo Agama graMtha upasthita the, ve hI umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA upajIvya bane hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki una prAcIna AgamoM kA mAthurI aura vallabhI vAcanAoM meM saMkalana evaM sampAdana huA hai, nava-nirvANa nahIM, ataH yaha mAnanA bhI bilakula galata hogA ki tattvArtha ke kartA umAsvAti ke sammukha jo Agama upasthita the va vartamAna zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM se bilakula bhinna the| ve mAtra inakA pUrva saMskaraNa the| yadyapi tattvArthasUtra aura usakA TIkA sAhitya vipula mAtrA meM prakAzita hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM svopajJa bhASya aura siddhasena gaNita kI TIkA meM prakAzita hai| isI prakAra digambara paramparA meM sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika, zloka vArtika Adi TIkAeM hindI anuvAda ke sAtha bhI prakAzita haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ko mAnya svopajJa digambara vidvAna paM. khUbacaMdajI ke dvArA hindI meM anudita hokara prakAzita huA thA, kiMtu aba vaha bhI anupalabdha hai, siddhagaNiM kI TIkA kA hindI meM koI anuvAda nahIM huA hai| mUlatattvArtha sUtra ke hindI anuvAda jo vyAkhyA ke sAtha upalabdha haiM, unameM zvetAmbara paramparA meM paM.sukhalAlajI aura kevalamunijI ke vizeSa lokapriya haiN| digambara paramparA meM paM.phUlacaMdajI aura paM.kailAzacaMdrajI ke anuvAda vizeSa lokapriya hue haiN| gujarAtI meM bhI paM. sukhalAlajI kA anuvAda hI vizeSa rUpa meM pracalita hai| jahAM samagra tattvArthasUtra ke aMgrejI anuvAda kA prazna hai, dIkSita evaM nathamalajI TAMTiyA ke anuvAda hI hamArI jAnakArI meM haiN| dIkSitajI dvArA anuvAdita saMskaraNa ela.DI. insTITyUTa se prakAzita huA thA, aba usakI upalabdhatA kI kyA sthiti hai mujhe jJAta nahIM hai| pro.nathamalajI TAMTiyA kA aMgrejI anuvAda jo greTa briTena (iMglaiNDa) se prakAzita huA hai, usameM kahIM-kahIM pAribhASika zabdoM ke aise aMgrejI rUpAMtaraNa hue haiM, jise sAmAnya pAThaka sahaja rUpa meM samajha nahIM pAtA hai jaise Asrava ke lie inakama shbd| dUsare yaha saMskaraNa itanA mahaMgA hai ki sAmAnya bhAratIya ise kharIda bhI nahIM sakatA hai| isalie eka aise saMskaraNa kI apekSA thI jo janasAmAnya kI grahaNa sAmarthya meM ho| zrI chaganalAlajI

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jaina sAhaba kA yaha saMskaraNa isI kamI kI pUrti karatA hai, unhoMne adhika zrama karake ise aMgrejI aura hindI pAThakoM ke lie sugrAhya banAyA hai| unakA hindI aura aMgrejI anuvAda mUlagraMtha ke ati nikaTa hai| merI yaha apekSA hai ki unakI yaha kRti jana-jana meM prasArita ho, tAki unakA zrama sArthaka ho ske| merI unake prati yahI zubhakAmanA hai ki ve svastha rahakara jaina graMthoM ke aMgrejI anuvAda ke mAdhyama se jaina vidyA ko vizva meM prasArita kreN| adhyAtmavAda kI bhUmikA I.san kI 17vIM 18vIM zatI mAnava jAti ko duHkhoM se mukta karanA hI sabhI sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA pramukha lakSya thaa| unhoMne isa tathya ko gaharAI se samajhane kA prayatna kiyA ki duHkha kA mUla kisameM hai| ise spaSTa karate hue uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki samasta bhautika aura mAnasika duHkhoM kA mUla vyakti kI bhogAsakti meM hai| yadyapi bhautikavAda manuSya kI kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke dvArA duHkhoM ke nivAraNa kA prayatna karatA hai, kiMtu vaha usa kAraNa kA uccheda nahIM kara sakatA, jisase duHkha kA yaha srota prasphuTita hotA hai| bhautikavAda ke pAsa manuSya kI tRSNA ko samApta karane kA koI upAya nahIM hai| vaha icchAoM kI pUrti ke dvArA mAnavIya AkAMkSAoM ko paritRpta karanA cAhatA hai, kiMtu yaha agni meM DAle gae ghRta ke samAna use parizAMta karane kI apekSA bar3hAtA hI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bahuta hI spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki cAhe svarNa aura rajata ke kailAza ke samAna asaMkhya parvata bhI khar3e ho jAe, kiMtu ve manuSya kI tRSNA ko pUrA karane meM asamartha hai| na kevala jainadharma apitu sabhI AdhyAtmika dharmoM meM ekamata se isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki samasta duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa Asakti, tRSNA yA mamatva buddhi hai, kiMtu tRSNA kI samApti kA upAya icchAoM aura AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti nahIM hai| bhautikavAda hameM sukha aura suvidhA ke sAdhana to de sakatA hai, kiMtu vaha manuSya kI Asakti yA tRSNA kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kara sktaa| isa dizA meM usakA prayatna to TahaniyoM ko kATakara jar3a ko sIMcane ke samAna hai| jaina AgamoM meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki tRSNA AkAza ke samAna ananta hai, usakI pUrti sambhava nahIM hai|

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yadi hama mAnava jAti ko svArtha, hiMsA, zoSaNa, bhraSTAcAra evaM tajanita duHkhoM se mukta karanA cAhate haiM, to hameM bhautikavAda dRSTi kA tyAga karake AdhyAtmika dRSTi kA vikAsa karanA hogaa| adhyAtmavAda kyA hai? kiMtu yahAM hameM yaha samajha lenA hogA ki adhyAtmavAda se hamArA tAtparya kyA hai? adhyAtma zabda kI vyutpatti adhi+Atma se hai, arthAt vaha AtmA kI zreSThatA yA uccatA kA sUcaka hai| AcArAMga meM isake lie ajjhappa yA ajjhattha zabda kA prayoga hai, jo AMtarika pavitratA yA AMtarika vizuddhi kA sUcaka hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra AdhyAtmavAda vaha dRSTi hai, jo yaha mAnatI hai ki bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI upalabdhi hI aMtima lakSya nahIM hai| daihika evaM Arthika mUlyoM ke pare ucca mUlya bhI haiM aura ina ucca mUlyoM kI upalabdhi hI jIvana kA aMtima lakSya hai| jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM adhyAtmavAda kA artha hai, padArthako paramamUlya na mAnakara AtmA ko parama mUlya maannaa| bhautikavAdI dRSTi mAnavIya duHkha aura sukha kA AdhAra vastu ko mAnakara calatI hai, usake anusAra sukha aura duHkha vastugata tathya hai| bhautikavAdI sukhoM kI lAlasA meM vastuoM ke pIche daur3atA hai aura unakI upalabdhi hetu corI, zoSaNa evaM saMgraha jaisI sAmAjika burAiyoMko janma detA hai| isake viparIta jaina adhyAtmavAda hameM yaha sikhAtA hai ki sukha aura duHkha kA keMdra vastu meM na hokara AtmA meM hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra sukha-duHkha AtmakRta haiN| ataH vAstavika AnaMda kI upalabdhi padArthoM se na hokara AtmA se hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki AtmA hI apane sukha-duHkhoM kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| vahI apanA mitra hai aura vahI apanA zatru hai| supratiSThita arthAt sadguNoM meM sthita AtmA mitra hai aura duSpratiSThita arthAt durguNoM meM sthita AtmA zatru hai| AturaprakaraNa nAmaka jaina graMtha meM adhyAtma kA hArda spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jJAna aura darzana se yukta zAzvata Atmatattva hI merA hai, zeSa sabhI bAhya padArtha saMyoga se upalabdha hue haiN| isalie ve mere apane nahIM haiN| ina saMyogajanma upalabdhiyoM ko apanA mAna lene yA una para mamatva rakhane ke kAraNa hI jIva duHkha paramparA ko prApta hotA hai, ataH una sAMyogika padArthoM ke prati mamatva bhAva kA sarvathA visarjana kara denA caahie| saMkSepa meM jaina adhyAtmavAda ke anusAra deha Adi sabhI Atmettara padArthoM ke prati mamatva buddhi kA tyAga hI sAdhanA kA mUla utsa hai| vastutaH jahAM adhyAtmavAda padArtha ke sthAna para AtmA ko apanA sAdhya mAnatA hai, vahAM bhautikavAda

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meM padArtha hI parama mUlya bana jAtA hai| adhyAtmavAda meM AtmA kA hI parama mUlya hotA hai| jaina adhyAtmavAda Atmopalabdhi ke lie padArthoM ke prati mamatva buddhi kA tyAga Avazyaka mAnatA hai| usake anusAra mamatA ke visarjana se hI samatA (Equanimity) kA sarjana hotA hai| adhyAtmavAda kA lakSya Atmopalabdhi jainadharma meM mamatva ke visarjana ko hI Atmopalabdhi kA ekamAtra upAya isalie mAnA gayA hai ki jaba taka vyakti meM mamatva buddhi yA Asakti bhAva rahatA hai taba taka vyakti kI dRSTi 'sva' meM nahIM, apitu 'para' arthAt padArtha meM keMdrita rahatI hai| vaha para meM sthita hotA hai| yaha padArtha keMdrita dRSTi hI yA para meM sthita honA hI bhautikavAda kA mUla AdhAra hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra 'para' arthAt Atmettara vastuoM meM apanatva kA bhAva aura padArtha ko parama mUlya mAnanA yahI bhautikavAda yA mithyA dRSTi kA lakSaNa hai| AtmavAdI yA adhyAtmavAdI vyakti kI dRSTi padArtha-keMdrita na hokara Atma-keMdrita hotI hai| vaha AtmA ko hI parama mUlya mAnatA hai aura apane svarUpa yA svabhAvadazA kI upalabdhi ko hI apanI sAdhanA kA lakSya banAtA hai, ise hI jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM samyak dRSTi kahA gayA hai| bhautikavAda mithyA dRSTi hai aura adhyAtmavAda samyak dRSTi hai| AtmA kA svarUpa evaM sAdhya yahAM svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai, ki jainadharma meM AtmA kA svarUpa kyA hai? AcArAMgasUtra meM AtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo AtmA hai, vaha vijJAtA hai aura jo vijJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai| isa prakAra jJAtAbhAva meM sthita honA hI svasvabhAva meM sthita honA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM cetanA ke tIna pakSa mAne gae haiM- jJAnAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka aura saMkalpAtmaka, usameM bhAvAtmaka aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSa vastutaH bhoktAbhAva aura karttAbhAva ke sUcaka haiN| jaba taka Atma kartA (doer) yA bhoktA (enjoyer) hotA hai, taba taka yaha svasvarUpa ko upalabdha nahIM hotA, kyoMki yahAM citta-vikalpa yA AkAMkSA banI rahatI hai| ataH usake dvArA citta samAdhi yA Atmopalabdhi sambhava nahIM hai| vizuddha jJAtAbhAva yA sAkSI bhAva hI aisA tathya hai jo AtmA ko nirAkula samAdhi kI avasthA meM sthira kara duHkhoM se mukta kara sakatA hai| eka anya dRSTi se jainadharma meM AtmA kA svarUpa-lakSaNa samatva

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(equanimity) bhI batAyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM gautama ne mahAvIra ke sammukha do prazna upasthita kie| AtmA kyA hai aura usakA sAdhya kyA hai? mahAvIra ne ina praznoM ke jo uttara die the, ve jainadharma ke hArda ko spaSTa kara dete haiN| unhoMne kahA thA ki AtmA samatva svarUpa hai aura samatva kI upalabdhi kara lenA yahI AtmA kA sAdhya hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI samatA ko dharma kahA gayA hai| vahAM samatA ko dharma isalie kahA gayA hai ki vaha hamArA sva svabhAva hai aura vastu svabhAva hI dharma hai (vatthu sahAvo dhmmo)| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra svabhAva se bhinna Adarza kI kalpanA ayathArtha hai| jo hamArA mUla svabhAva aura svalakSaNa hai, vahI hamArA sAdhya ho sakatA hai| jaina paribhASA meM nitya aura nirapavAda vastu dharma hI svabhAva hai| AtmA kA svasvarUpa aura AtmA kA sAdhya donoM hI samatA hai| yaha bAta jIva vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI satya siddha hotI hai| Adhunika jIva vijJAna meM bhI samatva ke saMsthApana ko jIvana kA lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai| yadyapi dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda 'samatva' ke sthAna para 'saMgharSa' ko jIvana kA svabhAva batAtA hai aura kahatA hai ki 'saMgharSa' hI jIvana kA niyama hai, mAnavIya itihAsa varga saMgharSa kI kahAnI hai| kiMtu yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| saMgharSa sadaiva nirAkaraNa kA viSaya rahA hai| koI bhI cetana sattA saMgharSazIla dazA meM nahIM rahanA cAhatI, vaha saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa karanA hI cAhatI hai| yadi saMgharSa nirAkaraNa kI vastu hai to use svabhAva nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| saMgharSa mAnava itihAsa kA eka tathya ho sakatA hai, kiMtu vaha manuSya ke vibhAva kA itihAsa hai, svabhAva kA nhiiN| caittasika jIvana meM tanAva yA vicalana pAe jAte haiM, kiMtu ve jIvana ke svabhAva nahIM haiM, kyoMki jIvana kI prakriyA sadaiva hI unheM samApta karane kI dizA meM prayAsazIla hai| caitasika jIvana kA mUla svabhAva yahI hai ki vaha bAhya aura AMtarika uttejanAoM evaM saMvedanAoM se utpanna vikSobhoM ko samApta kara, samatva ko banAe rakhane kA prayAsa karatA hai| ataH jainadharma meM samatA ko AtmA yA cetanA kA svabhAva kahA gayA hai aura use hI dharma ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| yaha satya hai ki jainadharma meM dharmasAdhanA kA mUlabhUta lakSya kAmanA, Asakti, rAga-dveSa aura vitarka Adi mAnasika asaMtulanoM aura tanAvoM ko samApta kara anAsakta aura nirAkula vItarAga cetanA kI upalabdhi mAnA gayA hai| Asakti yA mamatva buddhi rAga aura dveSa ke bhAva utpanna kara vyakti ko padArthApakSI banAtI hai| Asakta vyakti apane ko 'para' meM khojatA hai, jabaki anAsakta yA vItarAga dRSTi vyakti ko sva meM keMdrita karatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jainadharma meM vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi ko hI jIvana kA parama lakSya ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki vItarAga hI sacce artha meM samabhAva meM athavA sAkSI bhAva meM sthira raha sakatA

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hai| jo cetanA samabhAva yA sAkSI bhAva meM sthita raha sakatI hai, vahI nirAkula dazA ko prApta hotI hai aura jo nirAkula dazA ko prApta hotI hai, vahI zAzvata sukhoM kA AsvAda karatI hai| jainadharma meM Atmopalabdhi yA svarUpa-upalabdhi ko, jo jIvana kA lakSya mAnA gayA hai, vaha vastutaH vItarAga dazA meM hI sambhava hai aura isalie prakArAMtara se vItarAgatA ko bhI jIvana kA lakSya kahA gayA hai| vItarAgatA kA hI dUsarA nAma samabhAva yA sAkSIbhAva hai| yahI samabhAva hamArA vAstavika svarUpa hai| isa avasthA ko prApta kara lenA hI hamAre jIvana kA parama sAdhya hai| sAdhya aura sAdhanA mArga kA AtmA se abheda jainadharma meM sAdhaka, sAdhya aura sAdhanA mArga tInoM hI AtmA se abhinna mAne gae haiN| AtmA hI sAdhaka hai, AtmA hI sAdhya hai aura AtmA hI sAdhanA kA mArga hai| adhyAtmatattvAloka meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA hI saMsAra hai aura AtmA hI mokSa hai, jaba taka AtmA kaSAya aura iMdriyoM ke vazIbhUta hai, vaha saMsAra hai| kiMtu jaba vaha inheM apane vazIbhUta kara letA hai to mukta kahA jAtA hai| AcArya amRtacaMdrasUri samayasAra TIkA meM likhate haiM ki dravya kA parihAra aura zuddha Atma tattva kI upalabdhi hI siddhi hai| AcArya hemacaMdra ne bhI sAdhya aura sAdhaka meM bheda batAte hue yogazAstra meM kahA hai ki kaSAya aura iMdriyoM se parAjita AtmA baddha aura unako vijita karane vAlA AtmA hI prabuddha puruSoM dvArA mukta kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH AtmA kI vAsanAoM se yukta avasthA hI baMdhana hai aura vAsanAoM tathA vikalpoM se rahita zuddha AtmadazA hI mokSa haiN| jaina adhyAtmavAda kA kathana hai ki sAdhaka kA Adarza usake bAhara nahIM varan usake aMdara hai| dharma sAdhanA ke dvArA jo kucha pAyA jAtA hai vaha bAhya upalabdhi nahIM, apitu nija guNoM kA pUrNa prakaTana hai| hamArI mUlabhUta kSamatAeM sAdhaka avasthA aura siddha avasthA meM samAna hI hai| sAdhaka aura siddha avasthAoM meM aMdara kSamatAoM kA nahIM, varan kSamatAoM kA yogyatAoM meM badala dene kA hai| jisa prakAra bIja vRkSa ke rUpa meM vikasita hone kI kSamatA rakhatA hai aura vaha vRkSa rUpa meM vikasita hokara vaha apanI pUrNatA ko prApta kara letA hai| vaise hI AtmA bhI paramAtma dazA prApta karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai aura use upalabdha kara pUrNa ho jAtA hai| jainadharma ke anusAra apanI hI bIjarUpa kSamatAoM ko pUrNa rUpa se prakaTa karanA hI mukti hai| jaina sAdhanA 'sva' ke dvArA 'sva' ko upalabdha karanA hai, nija meM prasupta jinatva ko abhivyakta karanA hai| AtmA ko hI paramAtmA ke rUpa meM pUrNa banAnA hai| isa prakAra (174)

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AtmA kA sAdhya AtmA hI hai| jainadharma kA sAdhanA mArga bhI AtmA se bhinna nahIM hai| hamArI hI cetanA ke jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa ke pakSa samyak dizA meM niyojita hokara sAdhanAmArga bana jAte haiN| jaina darzana meM samyak jJAna, samyak darzana aura samyak cAritra ko, jo mokSa mArga kahA gayA hai, usakA mUla hArda itanA hI hai ki cetanA ke jJAnAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSa kramazaH samyak jJAna, samyak darzana aura samyak cAritra ke rUpa meM sAdhanA mArga bana jAte haiN| isa prakAra sAdhanA mArga bhI AtmA hI hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki mokSakAmI ko AtmA ko jAnanA cAhie, AtmA para hI zraddhA karanA cAhie aura AtmA ko hI anubhUti (anucaritavyazca) karanA caahie| samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, pratyAkhyAna (tyAga), saMvara (saMyama) aura yoga meM hai| jinheM vyavahAranaya se jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kahA gayA hai ki ve nizcayanaya se to AtmA hI haiN| trividhi sAdhanAmArga aura AtmA . sambhavataH yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki jainadharma meM trividha sAdhanA mArga kA hI vidhAna kyoM kiyA gayA hai? vastutaH trividha sAdhanA mArga ke vidhAna meM jainAcAryoM kI eka gahana manovaijJAnika sUjha rahI hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se mAnavIya cetanA ke tIna pahalU mAne gae haiM- 1. jJAna, 2. bhAva aura 3. sNklp| cetanA ke ina tInoM pakSoM ke samyaka vikAsa ke lie hI trividha sAdhanA mArga kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| cetanA ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa ko sahI dizA meM niyojita karane ke lie samyak darzana, jJAnAtmaka pakSa ke sahI dizA meM niyojana ke lie jJAna aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSa ko sahI dizA meM niyojita karane ke lie samyak cAritra kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai| pAzcAtya paramparA meM bhI tIna Adeza upalabdha hote haiM- 1. svayaM ko jAno (Know Thyself), 2. svayaM ko svIkAra karo (Accept Thyself) aura svayaM hI bana jAo (Be Thyself) / pAzcAtya ciMtana ke ye tIna Adeza jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke hI samakakSa haiN| AtmajJAna meM jJAna kA tattva, AtmasvIkRti meM zraddhA kA tattva aura AtmanirmANa meM cAritra kA tattva upasthita hai| ___ . jaina-darzana meM samyagdarzana AtmazraddhAna hai, samyagjJAna Atma-anAtma kA viveka hai| jainoM kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM ise bheda vijJAna kahA jAtA hai| AcArya amRtacaMdra

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sUri ke anusAra jo koI siddha haiM ve isa Atma-anAtma ke viveka yA bheda vijJAna se hI siddha hue haiM aura jo baMdhana meM haiM, ve isake abhAva kAraNa hI haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM isa bheda vijJAna kA atyaMta gahana vivecana kiyA hai, kiMtu vistArapUrvaka yaha samagra vivecanA yahAM sambhava nahIM hai| jaina paramparA meM sAdhanA kA tIsarA caraNa samyak cAritra hai| isake do rUpa mAne gae haiM - 1. vyavahAra cAritra aura 2. nizcaya caaritr| AcaraNa kA bAhya pakSa yA AcaraNa ke vidhi-vidhAna vyavahAra cAritra kahe jAte haiM. jabaki AcaraNa kI antarAtmA nizcaya cAritra kahI jAtI hai| . .. nizcaya dRSTi (Real view point) se cAritra kA saccA artha samabhAva yA samatva kI upalabdhi hai| mAnasika caitisika jIvana meM samatva kI upalabdhi- yahI cAritra kA pAramArthika yA naizcayika pakSa hai| vastutaH cAritra kA yaha pakSa Atma-ramaNa kI sthiti hai| naizcayika cAritra kA prAdurbhAva kevala pramatta avasthA meM hI hotA hai| apramatta cetanA kI avasthA meM hone vAlI sabhI kArya zuddha hI mAne gae haiN| cetanA meM jaba rAga, dveSa kaSAya aura vAsanAoM kI agni pUrI taraha zAMta ho jAtI hai tabhI sacce AdhyAtmika evaM dhArmika jIvana kA udbhava hotA hai| sAdhanA jaba jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA ke sampAdana meM Atma jAgRta hotA hai, usakA AcaraNa bAhya AvegoM aura vAsanAoM se calita nahIM hotA hai tabhI vaha sacce arthoM meM naizcayika cAritra kA pAlanakartA mAnA jAtA hai| yahI naizcayika cAritra jaina adhyAtma kI AdhArazilA hai aura mukti kA aMtimakAraka hai| jaina parvo kI AdhyAtmika prakRti na kevala jaina sAdhanA-paddhati kI prakRti hI adhyAtmavAdI hai, apitu jaina parva bhI mUlataH adhyAtmavAdI hI hai| jaina parva Amoda-pramoda ke lie na hokara AtmasAdhanA aura tapa sAdhanA ke lie hote haiN| unameM mukhyataH tapa, tyAga, vrata evaM upavAsoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| jainoM ke prasiddha paryoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM payUSaNa parva aura digambara paramparA meM dazalakSaNa parva hai jo bhAdrapada meM manAe jAte haiN| ina dinoM meM jina pratimAoM kI pUjA, upavAsa Adi vrata tathA dharma graMthoM kA svAdhyAya yahI sAdhakoM kI dinacaryA ke pramukha aMga hote haiN| ina paryoM ke dinoM meM jahAM digambara paramparA meM pratidina kSamA, vinamratA, saralatA, pavitratA, satya, saMyama, brahmacarya Adi dasa dharmoM (sadguNoM) kI viziSTa sAdhanA kI jAtI hai, vahAM zvetAmbara paramparA meM ina dinoM meM pratikramaNa ke rUpa meM Atma paryAvalocana kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kA aMtima dina saMvatsarI parva ke nAma se manAyA jAtA hai aura (176)

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isa dina samaya varSa ke cAritrika skhalana yA asadAcaraNa aura vaira-virodha ke lie Atma paryAvalocana (pratikramaNa) kiyA jAtA hai evaM prAyazcitta grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa dina zatru-mitra Adi sabhI se kSamA-yAcanA kI jAtI hai| isa dina jaina sAdhaka kA mukhya udghoSa hotA hai- maiM sabhI jIvoM ko kSamA pradAna karatA hUM aura sabhI jIva mujhe kSamA pradAna kreN| merI sabhI prANIvarga se mitratA hai aura kisI se koI baira-virodha nahIM hai| ina parva ke dinoM meM ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA aura karavAnA bhI eka pramukha kArya hotA hai| prAcInakAla meM aneka jainAcAryoM ne apane prabhAva se zAsakoM dvArA ina dinoM ko ahiMsaka dinoM ke rUpa meM ghoSita karavAyA thaa| isa prakAra parva ke atirikta aSTAhina parva, zruta paMcamI tathA vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha praveza, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya prApti evaM nirvANa divasoM ko bhI parva ke rUpa meM manAyA jAtA hai| ina dinoM meM bhI sAmAnyatayA vrata rakhA jAtA hai aura jina pratimAoM kI vizeSa samAroha ke sAtha pUjA kI jAtI hai| dIpAvalI kA parva bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa divasa ke rUpa meM jaina samudAya ke dvArA bar3e utsAha ke sAtha manAyA jAtA hai| jaina adhyAtmavAda aura loka kalyANa kA prazna . yaha satya hai ki jainadharma saMnyAsamArgI dharma hai| usakI sAdhanA meM Atmazuddhi aura Atmopalabdhi para adhika jora diyA gayA hai, kiMtu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki jainadharma meM loka maMgala yA loka kalyANa kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| jainadharma yaha to avazya mAnatA hai ki vaiyaktika sAdhanA kI dRSTi se ekAkI jIvana adhika upayukta hai, kiMtu isake sAthahI-sAtha vaha yaha bhI mAnatA hai ki usa sAdhanA se prApta siddhi kA upayoga sAmAjika kalyANa kI dizA meM honA caahie| mahAvIra kA jIvana svayaM isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki 12 varSoM taka ekAkI sAdhanA karane ke pazcAt ve punaH sAmAjika jIvana meM lauTa aae| unhoMne caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI tathA jIvanabhara usakA mArgadarzana karate rhe| jainadharma sAmAjika kalyANa aura sAmAjika sevA ko Avazyaka to mAnatA hai, kiMtu vaha vyakti ke sudhAra se samAja ke sudhAra kI dizA meM Age bar3hatA hai| vyakti samAja kI prathama ikAI hai, jaba taka vyakti nahIM sudharegA taba taka samAja nahIM sudhara sakatA hai| jaba taka vyakti ke jIvana meM naitika aura AdhyAtmika cetanA kA vikAsa nahIM hotA, taba taka sAmAjika jIvana meM suvyavasthA aura zAMti kI sthApanA nahIM ho sktii| jo vyakti apane svArthoM aura vAsanAoM para niyaMtraNa nahIM kara sakatA, vaha kabhI sAmAjika ho hI nahIM sktaa| lokasevaka aura (177)

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janasevaka apane vyaktigata svArthoM aura dvandvoM se dUra raheM- yaha jaina AcAra-saMhitA kA. AdhArabhUta siddhAMta haiN| caritrahIna vyakti sAmAjika jIvana ke lie ghAtaka hI siddha hoNge| vyaktigata svArthoM kI pUrti ke nimitta jo saMgaThana yA samudAya banate haiM, ve sAmAjika jIvana ke sacce pratinidhi nahIM haiN| kyA cora, DAkU aura zoSakoM kA samAja, samAja kahalAne kA adhikArI hai? mahAvIra kI zikSA kA sAra yahI hai ki vaiyaktika jIvana meM nivRtti hI sAmAjika kalyANa ke kSetra pravRtti kA AdhAra bana sakatI hai| prazna-vyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn kA yaha sukathita pravacana saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke rakSaNa evaM karuNA ke lie hai| jaina sAdhanA meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha- ye jo pAMca vrata mAne gae haiM, ve kevala vaiyaktika sAdhanA ke lie nahIM hai, ve sAmAjika maMgala ke lie bhI haiN| ve Atma zuddhi ke sAtha hI hamAre sAmAjika sambaMdhoM kI zuddhi kA prayAsa bhI haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne Atmahita kI apekSA lokahita ko sadaiva hI mahattva diyA hai| jainadharma meM tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara aura sAmAnya kevalI ke jo padArtha sthApita kie gae haiM aura unameM jo tAratamyatA nizcata kI gaI hai, usakA AdhAra vizva kalyANa, varNa kalyANa aura vyakti kalyANa kI bhAvanA hI hai| isa tripuTI meM vizva kalyANa ke lie pravRtti karane ke kAraNa hI tIrthaMkara ko sarvocca sthAna prApta hai| sthAnAMgasUtra (sthAna 10) meM grAmadharma, nagaradharma, rASTradharma Adi kI upasthiti isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki jaina sAdhanA kevala Atmahita yA vaiyaktika vikAsa taka hI sImita nahIM hai, varan usameM lokahita yA loka kalyANa kI pravRtti bhI pAI jAtI hai| jainadharma kA adhyAtmavAda jIvana kA niSedha sikhAtA hai? jainadharma meM tapa-tyAga kI jo mahimA gAI gaI hai, usake AdhAra para yaha bhrAMti phai lAI jAtI hai ki jainadharma jIvana kA niSedha sikhAtA hai| ataH yahAM isa bhrAMti kA nirAkaraNa kara denA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki jainadharma ke tapa-tyAga kA artha zArIrika evaM bhautika jIvana kI asvIkRti nahIM hai| AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI svIkRti kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki zArIrika evaM bhautika mUlyoM kI pUrNatayA upekSA kI jaae| jainadharma ke anusAra zArIrika mUlya adhyAtma ke bAdhaka nahIM, sAdhaka haiN| nizIthabhASya (47/91) meM kahA gayA hai ki mokSa kA sAdhana jJAna hai, jJAna kA sAdhana zarIra hai, zarIra kA AdhAra AhAra hai| zarIra zAzvat AnaMda ke kUla para le jAne vAlI naukA hai| isa dRSTi se usakA mUlya bhI hai, mahattva bhI hai aura usakI sAra-sambhAla bhI karanA hai, kiMtu dhyAna rahe, dRSTi naukA para nahIM kUla para (178

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honA hai, naukA sAdhana hai, sAdhya nhiiN| bhautika evaM zArIrika AvazyakatAoM kI eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkRti jainadharma aura sampUrNa adhyAtma vidyA kA hArda hai| yaha vaha vibhAjana,rekhA hai, jo adhyAtma aura bhautikavAda meM aMtara karatI hai| bhautikavAda meM upalabdhiyAM yA jaivika mUlya svayameva sAdhya haiM, aMtima haiM, jabaki adhyAtma meM ve kinhIM ucca mUlyoM kA sAdhana haiN| jainadharma kI bhASA meM kaheM to sAdhaka ke dvArA vastuoM kA tyAga aura grahaNa donoM hI sAdhanA ke lie hai| jainadharma kI sampUrNa sAdhanA kA mUla lakSya to eka aise nirAkula, nirvikAra, niSkAma aura vItarAga mAnasa kI abhivyakti hai, jo ki vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana ke samasta tanAvoM evaM saMgharSoM ko samApta kara ske| usake sAmane mUla prazna daihika evaM bhautika mUlyoM kI svIkRti kA nahIM hai, apitu vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM zAMti kI sthApanA hai| ataH jahAM taka aura jisa rUpa meM daihika aura bhautika upalabdhiyAM usameM bAdhaka haiM, vahIM taka tyAjya haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AcArAMga evaM uttarAdhyayanasUtra (32/101) meM isa bAta ko bahuta hI spaSTatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jaba iMdriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samparka hotA hai, taba usa samparka ke pariNAmasvarUpa sukhada-duHkhada anubhUti bhI hotI hai aura jIvana meM yaha zakya nahIM hai ki iMdriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samparka na ho aura usake kAraNa sukhada yA duHkhada anubhUti na ho, ataH tyAga iMdriyAnubhUti kA nahIM, apitu usake prati citta meM utpanna hone vAle rAgadveSa karanA hai, kyoMki iMdriyoM ke manojJa yA amanojJa viSaya kA Asaktacitta yA vItarAga ke lie nahIM (uttraa.12/44)| ataH jainadharma kI mUla zikSA mamatva ke visarjana kI hai, jIvana ke niSedha kI nhiiN| jaina adhyAtmavAda kI vizeSatAeM (a) IzvaravAda se mukti- jaina adhyAtmavAda ne manuSya ko IzvarIya dAsatA se mukta kara mAnavIya svataMtratA kI pratiSThA kI hai| usane yaha udghoSa kiyA ki na to Izvara aura na to koI anya zakti hI mAnava kI nirdhAraka hai| manuSya svayaM hI apanA nirmAtA hai| jainadharma ne kisI vizvaniyantA Izvara ko svIkAra karane ke sthAna para manuSya meM Izvaratva kI pratiSThA kI aura yaha batAyA ki vyakti hI apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA paramAtma dazA ko prApta kara sakatA hai| usane kahA 'appA so paramappA' arthAt AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| manuSya ko kisI kA kRpAkAMkSI na banakara svayaM hI puruSArtha karake paramAtma-pada ko prApta karanA hai| . (ba) mAnava mAtra kI samAnatA kA udghoSa - jainadharma ke adhyAtmavAda kI (179)

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dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usane varNavAda, jAtivAda Adi una sabhI avadhAraNAoM kI jo manuSya meM UMca-nIca kA bheda utpanna karatI thI, asvIkAra kiyaa| usake anusAra sabhI manuSya samAna haiN| manuSyoM meM zreSThatA aura kaniSThatA kA AdhAra na to jAti vizeSa yA kula vizeSa meM janma lenA hai aura na sattA aura sampatti hii| vaha varNa, raMga, jAti, sampatti aura sattA ke sthAna para AcaraNa kI zreSThatA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 12veM evaM 25veM adhyAya meM varNa vyavasthA aura brAhmaNa kI zreSThatA kI avadhAraNA para karArI coTa karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo sarvathA anAsakta, meghAvI aura sadAcArI haiM, vahI saccA brAhmaNa hai aura vahI zreSTha hai| na ki kisI kula vizeSa meM janma lene vAlA vykti| (sa) yajJa Adi bAhya kriyA-kANDoM kA AdhyAtmika artha- jaina adhyAtma ne yajJa, tIrtha-sthAna Adi dharma ke nAma para kie jAne vAle karmakANDoM kI na kevala AlocanA kI, apitu unheM eka AdhyAtmika artha bhI pradAna kiyaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yajJa ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA savistAra vivecana hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jIvAtmA agnikuNDa hai, mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRttiyAM hI kalachI (cammaca) hai aura karmoM (pApoM) kA naSTa karanA hI Ahuti hai, yahI yajJa zAMtidAyaka hai aura RSiyoM ne aise hI yajJa kI prazaMsA kI hai| tIrtha-sthAna ko bhI AdhyAtmika artha pradAna karate hue uttarAdhyayana (2/46) meM kahA gayA hai- dharma jalAzaya hai, brahmacarya ghATa (tIrtha) haiM, usameM snAna karane se hI AtmA nirmala aura zuddha ho jAtI hai| (da) dAna, dakSiNA Adi ke sthAna para saMyama kI zreSThatA- yadyapi dharma ke cAra aMgoM meM dAna ko sthAna diyA gayA hai, kiMtu jaina AdhyAtmika dRSTi yaha mAnatI hai ki dAna kI apekSA saMyama kA pAlana hI adhika zreSTha hai| uttarAdhyayana (9/40) meM kahA gayA hai ki pratimAsa sahasroM gAyoM kA dAna karane kI apekSA saMyama kA pAlana adhika zreSTha hai| adhyAtma aura vijJAna : vartamAna saMdarbha aupaniSadika RSigaNa, buddha aura mahAvIra bhAratIya adhyAtma paramparA ke unnAyaka rahe haiN| unake AdhyAtmika ciMtana ne bhAratIya mAnasa ko AtmatoSa pradAna kiyA hai, kiMtu Aja hama vijJAna ke yuga meM jIvana jI rahe haiN| vaijJAnika upalabdhiyAM bhI Aja hameM udvelita kara rahI haiN| Aja kA manuSya do taloM para jIvana jI rahA hai| yadi vijJAna ko nakAratA hai to jIvana kI sukha-suvidhA aura samRddhi ke khone kA khatarA hai| dUsarI ora adhyAtma ko nakArane para Atma-zAMti se vaMcita hotA hai| Aja AvazyakatA hai ki RSi-maharSiyoM (180)

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dvArA pratisthApita AdhyAtmika mUlyoM aura Adhunika vijJAna kI upalabdhiyoM ke samanvaya kii| nizcaya hI 'vijJAna aura adhyAtma' kI carcA Aja prAsaMgika hai| sAmAnyatayA Aja vijJAna aura adhyAtma ko paraspara virodhI avadhAraNAoM ke rUpa meM dekhA jAtA hai| jahAM adhyAtma ko dharmavAda aura pAralaukikatA ke sAtha jor3A jAtA hai, vahIM vijJAna ko bhautikatA aura ihalaukikatA ke sAtha jor3A jAtA hai| Aja donoM meM virodha mAnA jAtA hai, lekina yaha avadhAraNA hI bhrAMta hai| prAcIna yuga meM to vijJAna aura adhyAtma ye zabda bhI paraspara bhinna artha ke bodhaka nahIM the| mahAvIra ne AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA hai ki jo AtmA hai vahI vijJAtA hai aura jo vijJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai| yahAM AtmajJAna aura vijJAna donoM eka hI haiN| vastutaH vijJAna zabda vijJAna se banA hai| 'vi' upasarga viziSTatA kA dyotaka hai arthAt viziSTa jJAna hI vijJAna hai| Aja jo vijJAna zabda kevala padArtha-jJAna ke rUpa meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai, vaha mUlataH viziSTa jJAna yA AtmajJAna hI thaa| AtmajJAna hI vijJAna hai| punaH adhyAtma zabda bhI adhi-Atma se banA hai| 'adhi' upasarga bhI viziSTatA kA hI sUcaka hai, jo AtmA kI viziSTatA hai, vahI adhyAtma hai| cUMki AtmA jJAna svarUpa hI hai, ataH jJAna kI viziSTatA hI adhyAtma hai aura vahI vijJAna hai| phira bhI Aja vijJAna padArtha-jJAna ke artha meM aura adhyAtma AtmajJAna ke artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM vijJAna sAdhakoM kA jJAna hai to adhyAtma sAdhya kA jnyaan| prastuta nibaMdha meM inhIM rUr3ha arthoM meM vijJAna aura adhyAtma zabda kA prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai| eka hameM bAhya-jagat meM jor3atA hai, to dUsarA hameM Atma-jagat se| donoM hI 'yoga' haiN| eka * sAdhana-yoga hai to dUsarA saadhy-yog| eka hameM jIvana-zailI (Life style) detA hai, to dUsarA hameM jIvana-sAdhya (Goal of life) detA hai| Aja hamArA durbhAgya yahI hai ki jo eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM unheM hamane eka-dUsare kA virodhI mAna liyA hai| Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki inakI paraspara pUraka zakti yA abhinnatA ko samajhA jaae| . Aja hama vijJAna ko padArtha vijJAna mAnate haiN| yadyapi Aja hamane 'para' yA anAtma' ke saMdarbha meM itanA adhika jJAna arjita kara liyA hai ki 'sva' yA Atma' ko vismRta kara baiThe haiN| hamane paramANu ke AvaraNa ko tor3akara usake jarre-jarre ko jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA, kiMtu durbhAgya yahI hai ki apanI AtmA ke AcaraNa ko bhedakara apane Apako nahIM jAna ske| hama paridhi ko vyApakatA dene meM keMdra ko hI bhulA baitthe| manuSya kI yaha parakendritatA hI use apane Apase bahuta dUra le gaI hai| yahI Aja ke jIvana kI trAsadI hai| vaha duniyA ko

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samajhatA hai, jAnatA hai, parakhatA hai, kiMtu apane prati tandrAgrasta hai| use svayaM yaha bodha nahIM hai ki maiM kauna hUM? merA karttavya kyA hai? lakSya kyA hai? vaha bhaTaka rahA hai, mAtra bhaTaka rahA hai| Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva mahAvIra ne manuSya kI usa pIr3A ko samajhA thaa| unhoMne kahA thA ki kitane hI loga aise haiM, jo nahIM jAnate ki maiM kauna hUM? kahAM se AyA hUM? merA gantavya kyA hai? yaha kevala mahAvIra ne kahA ho aisI bAta nahIM hai| buddha ne bhI kahA thA- 'adAnaM gavessetha' apane ko khojo| aupaniSadika RSiyoM ne kahA - 'AtmAnaM viddhi', apane Apako jAno yahI jIvana parizodha kA mUlamaMtra hai| Aja hameM punaH inhIM praznoM ke uttara ko khojanA hai| Aja kA vijJAna Apako padArtha jagat ke saMdarbha meM sUkSmatama sUcanAeM de sakatA hai, kiMtu ve sUcanAeM hamAre lie ThIka usI taraha arthahIna haiM, jisa prakAra jaba taka AMkha na khulI hoM, prakAza kA koI mUlya nhiiN| vijJAna prakAza hai, kiMtu adhyAtma kI AMkha ke binA usakI koI sArthakatA nahIM hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne kahA thA- aMdhe vyakti ke sAmane karor3oM dIpaka jalAne se kyA lAbha? jisakI AMkha khulI ho usake lie eka hI dIpaka paryApta hai| Aja ke manuSya kI bhI yahI sthiti hai| vaha vijJAna aura takanIka ke sahAre bAhyajagat meM cakAcauMdha vidyuta phailA rahA hai, kiMtu apane antarcakSu kA unmIlana nahIM kara pA rahA hai| prakAza kI cakAcauMdha meM hama apane ko hI nahIM dekha pA rahe haiN| yaha satya hai ki prakAza Avazyaka hai, kiMtu AMkheM khole binA usakA koI mUlya nahIM hai| vijJAna ne manuSya ko zakti dI haiM Aja vaha dhvani se bhI adhika tIvra gati se yAtrA kara sakatA hai, kiMtu smaraNa rahe vijJAna jIvana ke lakSya kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kara sktaa| lakSya kA nirdhAraNa to adhyAtma hI kara sakatA hai| vijJAna sAdhana detA hai, lekina unakA upayoga kisa dizA meM karanA hogA, yaha batalAnA adhyAtma kA kArya hai| pUjya vinobA jI ke zabdoM meM- 'vijJAna' meM doharI zakti hotI hai, eka vinAza-zakti aura dUsarI vikaas-shkti| vaha sevA bhI kara sakatA hai aura saMhAra bhii| agni nArAyaNa kI khoja huI to usase rasoI bhI banAI jA sakatI hai aura usase Aga bhI lagAI jA sakatI hai| agni kA prayoga ghara phUMkane meM karanA yA cUlhA jalAne meM yaha akla vijJAna meM nahIM hai| akla to AtmajJAna meM hai| Age ve kahate haiM- AtmajJAna hai- AMkha aura vijJAna hai- paaNv| agara mAnava ko AtmajJAna nahIM hai to vaha aMdhA hai| kahAM calA jAegA kucha patA nhiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to adhyAtma dekhatA to hai, lekina cala nahIM sktaa| usameM lakSya bodha to hai, kiMtu gati kI zakti nhiiN| vijJAna meM zakti to hai kiMtu gati kI zakti nhiiN| vijJAna meM zakti to hai kiMtu AMkha nahIM hai, lakSya kA bodha nahIM hai| jisa prakAra aMdhe aura laMgar3e donoM hI paraspara sahayoga ke abhAva meM dAvAnala meM jala (182)

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marate haiM, ThIka isI prakAra yadi Aja vijJAna aura adhyAtma paraspara eka-dUsare ke pUraka nahIM hoMge to mAnavatA apane hI dvArA lagAI gaI visphoTaka zastroM kI isa Aga meM jala mregii| binA vijJAna ke saMsAra meM sukha nahIM A sakatA aura binA adhyAtma ke zAMti nahIM A sktii| mAnava samAja kI sukha (Pleasure) aura zAMti (Peace) ke lie donoM kA paraspara honA Avazyaka hai| vaijJAnika zaktiyoM kA upayoga mAnava-kalyANa meM ho yA mAnava-saMhAra meM, isa bAta kA nirdhAraNa vijJAna se nahIM, AtmajJAna yA adhyAtma se karanA hogaa| aNu zakti kA upayoga mAnava ke saMhAra meM ho yA mAnava kalyANa meM, yaha nirNaya karane kA adhikAra una vaijJAnikoM ko bhI nahIM hai, jo sattA, svArtha aura samRddhi ke pIche aMdhe rAjanetAoM ke dAsa haiN| yaha nirNaya to mAnavIya viveka sampanna niHspRha sAdhakoM ko hI karanA hogaa| yaha satya hai ki vijJAna ke sahayoga se takanIka kA vikAsa huA hai aura usane mAnava ke bhautika duHkhoM ko bahuta kucha kama kara diyA hai, kiMtu dUsarI ora usane mAraka zakti kA vikAsa ke dvArA bhaya yA saMtrAsa kI sthiti utpanna kara mAnava kI zAMti ko bhI chIna liyA hai| Aja manuSya jAti bhayabhIta aura saMtrasta hai| Aja vaha visphoTaka astroM ke jvAlAmukhI para khar3I hai, jo kaba visphoTa kara hamAre astittva ko nigala legI, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| Aja hamAre pAsa jina saMhAraka astroM kA saMgraha hai, ve pRthvI ke sampUrNa jIvana ko aneka bAra samApta kara sakate haiN| . pUjya vinobA jI likhate haiM- jo vijJAna eka ora klorophArma kI khoja karatA hai jisase karuNA kA kArya hotA hai, vahI vijJAna aNu astroM kI khoja karatA hai jisase bhayaMkara saMhAra hotA hai| eka bAjU sipAhI ko jakhmI karatA hai, dUsarA bAjU usako durusta karatA hai, aisA gorakhadhaMdhA Aja vijJAna kI madada se cala rahA hai| isa hAlata meM vijJAna kA sArA kArya usako milane vAle mArgadarzana para AdhArita haiN| use jaisA mArgadarzana milegA, vaha vaisA kArya kregaa| ...yadi vijJAna para sattA ke AkAMkSiyoM kA, rAjanItijJoM kA aura apane svArtha kI roTI seMkane vAloM kA adhikAra hogA to vaha manuSya-jAti kA saMhAraka hI bnegaa| kiMtu isake viparIta yadi vijJAna para mAnava-maMgala ke draSTA anAsakta RSiyoM -maharSiyoM kA adhikAra hogA, to vaha mAnava ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka hogaa| Aja hama vijJAna ke mAdhyama se takanIkI pragati kI UMcAI taka pahuMca cuke haiM, jahAM se lauTanA sambhava nahIM hai| Aja manuSya usa dorAhe para khar3A hai, jahAM para use hiMsA aura ahiMsA do rAhoM meM se kisI eka ko cunanA hai| (183)

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Aja use yaha samajhanA hai ki vaha vijJAna ke sAtha kisako jor3anA cAhatA hai, hiMsA ko yA ahiMsA ko| Aja usake sAmane donoM vikalpa prastuta haiN| vijJAna+ahiMsA = vikaas| vijJAna+hiMsA = vinaash| jaba vijJAna ahiMsA ke sAtha jur3egA to vaha samRddhi aura zAMti lAegA, kiMtu jaba usakA gaThabaMdhana hiMsA se hogA to saMhAraka hogA aura apane hI hAthoM apanA vinAza kregaa| Aja vijJAna ke sahAre manuSya ne itanA pAzavika bala saMgrahita kara liyA hai ki vaha usakA rakSaka na hokara kahIM bhakSaka na bana jAe, yaha use socanA haiN| mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA thA- 'atthi satthena paraMparaM, natthi asatthena prNprN|' zastra eka se bar3hakara eka ho sakatA hai, kiMtu ahiMsA se bar3hakara anya kucha nahIM ho sktaa| Aja sampUrNa mAnava samAja ko yaha nirNaya lenA hogA ki ve vaijJAnika zaktiyoM kA prayoga mAnavatA ke kalyANa ke lie karanA cAhate haiM yA usake saMhAra ke lie| Aja takanIkI pragati ke kAraNa manuSyamanuSya ke bIca kI dUrI kama ho gaI hai| Aja vijJAna ne mAnava samAja ko eka-dUsare ke nikaTa lAkara khar3A kara diyA hai| Aja hama paraspara itane nirbhara bana gae haiM ki eka-dUsare ke binA khar3e bhI nahIM raha sakate, kiMtu dUsarI ora AdhyAtmika dRSTi ke abhAva ke kAraNa hamAre hRdayoM kI dUrI adhika vistIrNa ho gaI hai| hRdaya kI isa dUrI ko pATane kA kAma vijJAna nahIM adhyAtma hI kara sakatA hai| vijJAna kA kArya hai- vizleSita karanA aura adhyAtma kA kArya hai-saMzleSita krnaa| vijJAna tor3atA hai AdhyAtma jor3atA hai vijJAna viniyojita hai to AdhyAtma sNyojk| vijJAna para keMdrita hai to adhyAtma aatm-keNdrit| vijJAna sikhAtA hai ki hamAre sukha-duHkha kA keMdra vastueM haiM, padArtha haiM, isake viparIta adhyAtma kahatA hai ki sukha-duHkha kA keMdra AtmA hai| vijJAna kI dRSTi bAhara dekhatI hai, adhyAtma aMdara meM dekhatA hai| vijJAna kI yAtrA aMdara se bAhara kI ora hai to adhyAtma kI yAtrA bAhara se aMdara kI or| manuSya ko Aja yaha samajhanA hai ki yadi yAtrA bAhara kI ora hotI rahI to vaha zAMti, jisakI use khoja hai, kabhI nahIM milegI, kyoMki bahirmukhI yAtrI zAMti kI khoja vahAM karatA hai, jahAM vaha nahIM hai| zAMti aMdara hai, usakI khoja bAhara vyartha hai| isa sambaMdha meM eka rUpaka yAda AtA hai| eka vRddhA zAma ke samaya kucha sI rahI thii| saMyoga se aMdherA bar3hane lagA aura sUI usake hAtha se chUTakara kahIM gira pdd'ii| mahilA kI jhopar3I meM prakAza kA sAdhana nahIM thA aura prakAza ke binA sUI kI khoja asambhava (184)

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thii| bur3hiyA ne socA kyA huA, gara prakAza bAhara hai to sUI ko vahIM khojA jaae| vaha usa prakAza meM sUI khojatI rahI, khojatI rahI, kiMtu sUI vahAM kaba milane vAlI thI, kyoMki vaha vahAM thI hI nhiiN| prAtaH hone vAlI thI ki koI yAtrI udhara se niklaa| usane vRddhA se usakI parezAnI kA kAraNa puuchaa| usane pUchA ammA, sUI girI kahAM thI? vRddhA ne uttara diyA- beTA, sUI to jhopar3I meM girI thI, kiMtu vahAM ujAlA nahIM thA, ataH vahAM khojanA sambhava nahIM thaa| ujAlA bAhara thA, isalie maiM yahAM khoja rahI thii| yAtrI ne uttara diyA- yaha sambhava nahIM hai ammA! jo cIja jahAM nahIM hai, vahAM khojane para mila jaae| sUrya kA prakAza hone ko hai, usa prakAza meM sUI vahIM khojeM jahAM girI hai| Aja mAnava samAja kI sthiti bhI usI vRddhA ke samAna hai| hama zAMti kI khoja vahAM kara rahe haiM, jahAM vaha hotI hI nhiiN| zAMti AtmA meM hai, aMdara hai| vijJAna ke sahAre Aja zAMti kI khoja ke prayatna ke usa bur3hiyA ke prayatnoM ke samAna nirarthaka hI hoNge| vijJAna, sAdhana de sakatA hai, zakti de sakatA hai, kiMtu lakSya kA nirdhAraNa to hameM hI karanA hogaa| . Aja vijJAna ke kAraNa mAnava ke pUrva sthApita jIvana mUlya samApta ho gae haiN| Aja zraddhA kA sthAna tarka ne le liyA hai| Aja manuSya pAralaukika upalabdhiyoM ke sthAna para ihalaukika upalabdhiyoM ko cAhatA hai| Aja ke tarka pradhAna manuSya ko sukha aura zAMti ke nAma para bahalAyA nahIM jA sakatA, lekina durbhAgya yaha hai ki Aja hama adhyAtma ke abhAva meM nae jIvana mUlyoM kA sRjana nahIM kara pA rahe haiN| Aja vijJAna kA yuga hai| Aja usa dharma ko, jo pAralaukika jIvana kI sukha-suvidhAoM ke nAma para mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA zoSaNa kara rahA hai, jAnanA hogaa| Aja tathAkathita ve dharma paramparAeM jo manuSya ko bhaviSya ke sunahare sapane dikhAkara phusalAyA karatI thIM, aba tarka kI painI chenI ke Age apane ko nahIM bacA sktiiN| aba svarga meM jAne ke lie nahIM jInA hai, apitu svarga ko dharatI para lAne ke lie jInA hogaa| vijJAna ne vaha zakti de dI hai, jisase svarga ko dharatI para utArA jA sakatA hai| aba yadi hama isa zakti kA upayoga dharatI para svarga utArane ke sthAna para, dharatI ko naraka banAne meM kareMge, to isakI javAbadehI hama para hI hogii| Aja vaijJAnika zaktiyoM kA upayoga isa dRSTi se karanA hai ki ve mAnava-kalyANa meM sahabhAgI banakara isa dharatI ko hI svarga banA skeN| vinobA jI ne satya hI kahA hai- Aja vijJAna kA to vikAsa huA, kiMtu vaijJAnika utpanna hI nahIM huA, kyoMki vaijJAnika vaha hai jo nirapekSa hotA hai| Aja kA vaijJAnika rAjanItijJoM aura pUMjIpatiyoM ke izAre para calane

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vAlA vyakti hai| vaha paise se kharIdA jA sakatA hai| yaha to vaijJAnika kI gulAmI hai| aise loga avaijJAnika haiM, yadi vaijJAnika (Scientist) vaijJAnika (Sceintific) nahIM banA to vijJAna manuSya ke lie hI ghAtaka siddha hogaa| Aja vijJAna kA upayoga kaise kiyA jAe, isakA uttara vijJAna ke pAsa nahIM adhyAtma ke pAsa hai| vinobA jI likhate haiM ki Aja yuga kI mAMga se vijJAna kI jitanI hI zakti bar3hegI, AtmajJAna ko utanI hI zakti bar3hAnI hogii| Aja amerikA isalie duHkhI hai ki vahAM vijJAna to hai, para adhyAtma hai nahIM, ataH sukha to hai, zAMti nhiiN| isake viparIta bhArata meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke kAraNa mAnasika zAMti to hai, kiMtu samRddhi nhiiN| Aja jahAM samRddhi hai vahAM zAMti nahIM aura jahAM zAMti hai vahAM samRddhi nhiiN| isakA samAdhAna adhyAtma aura vijJAna ke samanvaya meM nihita hai| adhyAtma zAMti degA to vijJAna smRddhi| jaba samRddhi aura zAMti donoM hI eka sAtha upasthita hoMgI, mAnavatA apane vikAsa ke parama zikhara para hogii| mAnava svayaM atimAnava ke rUpa meM vikasita ho jAegA, kiMtu isake lie prayatna karanA hogaa| binA . aDiga AsthA aura satat puruSArtha ke yaha sambhava nhiiN| ___ Aja vijJAna ne manuSya ko sukha-suvidhA aura samRddhi to pradAna kara dI hai, phira bhI manuSya bhaya aura tanAva kI sthiti meM jI rahA hai| use AMtarika zAMti upalabdha nahIM hai, usakI samAdhi bhaMga ho cukI hai| yadi vijJAna ke mAdhyama se koI zAMti A sakatI hai to vaha kevala zmazAna kI zAMti hogii| bAharI sAdhanoM se na kabhI AMtarika zAMti milI hai, na usakA milanA sambhava hI hai| isa prasaMga meM upaniSadoM kA eka prasaMga yAda A rahA hai- nArada jIvanabhara veda-vedAMga kA adhyayana karate rhe| unhoMne aneka vidyAeM (bhautika vidyAeM) prApta kara lI, kiMtu unake mana ko kahIM saMtoSa nahIM milaa| ve sanatkumAra ke pAsa Ae aura kahane lage maiMne aneka zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyaa| maiM zAstravid to hUM, kiMtu Atmavid nhiiN| Atmavid hue binA zAMti ko nahIM pAyA jA sktaa| yadyapi mere kahane kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki hama vijJAna aura usakI upalabdhiyoM ko tilAMjali de deN| vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM kA parityAga na to sambhava hai, na aucityapUrNa hai, kiMtu adhyAtma hI vijJAna kA anuzAsaka ho, tabhI eka samagratA yA pUrNatA AegI aura manuSya eka sAtha samRddhi aura zAMti ko pA skegaa| IzAvAsyopaniSad meM jise hama padArtha-jJAna yA vijJAna kahate haiM, use avidyA kahA gayA hai aura jise hama adhyAtma kahate haiM, vidyA kahA gayA hai| upaniSadkAra donoM ke sambaMdha ko ucita batAte hue kahatA hai- jo padArtha-vijJAna yA avidyA kI upAsanA karatA (186

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hai, vaha aMdhakAra meM, tamasa meM praveza karatA hai, kyoMki vijJAna yA padArtha-vijJAna aMdhA hai, kiMtu sAtha hI vaha yaha bhI cetAvanI detA hai ki jo kevala vidyA meM rata haiM, ve usase adhika aMdhakAra meM cale jAte haiM (andhaM tamaH pravizanti ye'vidyaamupaaste| tato bhUya iva te tamo ya u vidyAyAM rtaaH)| vastutaH vaha jo avidyA aura vidyA donoM kI eka sAtha upAsanA karatA hai vaha avidyA dvArA mRtyu ko pAra karatA hai arthAt vaha sAMsArika kaSToM se mukti pAtA hai aura vidyA dvArA amRta prApta karatA hai| vidyA cAvidyA ca yastavedomayaM sh| avidyayA mRtyu tIA vidyyaamRtmshnute|| vastutaH yaha amRta Atma-zAMti yA AtmatoSa hI hai| ataH jaba vijJAna aura adhyAtma kA samanvaya hogA tabhI mAnavatA kA kalyANa hogaa| vijJAna jIvana ke kaSToM ko samApta kara degA aura adhyAtma AMtarika zAMti ko pradAna kregaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM mahAvIra ne adhyAtma ke lie ajjhattha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki isI ke dvArA Atma-vizuddhi ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH adhyAtma kucha nahIM hai, vaha Atma-upalabdhi yA Atma-vizuddhi kI hI eka prakriyA hai, usakA prArambha AtmajJAna se hai aura usakI pariniSpatti AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke prati aTUTa niSThA meM hai| vastutaH Aja jitanI mAtrA meM padArtha-vijJAna vikasita huA hai, utanI hI mAtrA meM AtmajJAna ko vikasita honA caahie| vijJAna kI daur3a meM adhyAtma pIche raha gayA hai| padArtha ko jAnane ke prayatnoM meM hama apane ko bhulA baiThe haiN| merI dRSTi meM AtmajJAna koI amUrta, tAttvika AtmA kI khoja nahIM hai, balki apane Apako jAnanA hai| apane Apako jAnane kA tAtparya apane meM nihita vAsanAoM aura vikAroM ko dekhanA hai| AtmajJAna kA artha hotA hai- hama yaha dekheM ki hamAre jIvana meM kahAM ahaMkAra chipA par3A hai aura kahAM kisake prati ghRNA-vidveSa ke tattva pala rahe haiN| AtmajJAna koI hauvvA nahIM hai, vaha to apane aMdara jhAMkakara apanI vRttiyoM aura vAsanAoM ko par3hane kI kalA hai| vijJAna dvArA pradatta takanIka ke sahAre hama padArthoM kA parizodhana karanA to sIkha gae aura parizodhana se kitanI kise zakti prApta hotI hai, yaha bhI jAna gae, kiMtu AtmA ke parizodhana kI jo kalA adhyAtma ke nAma se hamAre RSi-muniyoM ne dI, Aja hama use bhUla cuke haiN| phira bhI vijJAna ne Aja hamArI sukha-suvidhA pradAna karane ke atirikta jo sabase bar3A upakAra kiyA hai, vaha yaha ki dharmavAda ke nAma para jo aMdhazraddhA aura aMdhavizvAsa pala rahe the, unheM tor3a diyA hai| isakA TUTanA Avazyaka bhI thA, kyoMki paraloka kI lorI sunAkara mAnava samAja ko adhika samaya taka bhrama meM rakhanA sambhava nahIM thaa| vijJAna ne acchA hI kiyA hamArA yaha bhrama tor3a diyaa| kiMtu hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki bhrama

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kA TUTanA hI paryApta nahIM hai| isase jo riktatA paidA huI hai use AdhyAtmika mUlyaniSThA ke dvArA hI bharanA hogaa| yaha AdhyAtmika mUlyaniSTha ucca mUlyoM ke prati niSThA hai, jo jIvana ko zAMti aura AtmasaMtoSa pradAna karate haiN| ____adhyAtma aura vijJAna kA saMgharSa vastutaH bhautikavAda aura adhyAtmavAda kA saMgharSa hai| adhyAtma kI zikSA yahI hai ki bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI upalabdhi hI aMtima lakSya nahIM hai| daihika evaM Atmika mUlyoM se pare sAmAjikatA aura mAnavatA ke ucca mUlya bhI haiN| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM adhyAtmavAda kA artha hai, padArtha ko parama mUlya na mAnakara AtmA ko hI parama mUlya maannaa| bhautikavAdI dRSTi ke anusAra sukha aura duHkha vastugata tathya haiN| ataH bhautikavAdI sukhoM kI lAlasA meM vaha vastuoM ke pIche daur3atA hai tathA unakI upalabdhi hetu zoSaNa aura saMgraha jaisI sAmAjika burAiyoM ko janma detA hai, jisase vaha svayaM to saMtrasta hotA hI hai, sAtha hI sAtha samAja ko bhI saMtrasta banA detA hai| isake viparIta adhyAtmavAda hameM yaha sikhAtA hai ki sukha kA keMdra vastu meM na hokara AtmA meM hai| sukha-duHkha Atma-keMdrita hai| AtmA yA vyakti hI apane sukha-duHkha kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| vahI apanA mitra aura vahI apanA zatru hai| supratiSThita arthAt sadguNoM meM sthita AtmA mitra hai aura duHpratiSThita arthAt durguNoM meM sthita AtmA zatru hai| vastutaH AdhyAtmika AnaMda kI upalabdhi padArthoM meM na hokara sadguNoM meM sthita AtmA meM hotI hai| adhyAtmavAda ke anusAra dehAdi sabhI Atmettara padArthoM ke prati mamatvabuddhi kA visarjana sAdhanA kA mUla utsa hai| mamatva kA visarjana aura samatva kA sRjana yahI jIvana kA parama mUlya hai| jaise hI mamatva kA visarjana hogA samatva kA sRjana hogA aura jaba samatva kA sRjana hogA to zoSaNa aura saMgraha kI sAmAjika burAiyAM samApta hoNgii| pariNAmataH vyakti Atmika zAMti kA anubhava kregaa| adhyAtmavAdI samAja meM vijJAna to rahegA, kiMtu usakA upayoga saMhAra meM na hokara sRjana meM hogA, mAnavatA ke kalyANa meM hogaa| aMta meM punaH maiM yahI kahanA cAhUMgA ki vijJAna ke kAraNa jo eka saMtrAsa kI sthiti mAnava samAja meM dikhAI de rahI hai, usakA mUla kAraNa vijJAna nahIM, apitu vyakti kI saMkucita aura svArthavAdI dRSTi hI hai| vijJAna to nirapekSa hai, vaha na acchA hai aura na buraa| usakA acchA yA burA honA usake upayoga para nirbhara karatA hai aura isa upayoga kA nirdhAraNa vyakti ke adhikAra kI vastu hai| ataH Aja vijJAna ko nakArane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| AvazyakatA hai use samyak - dizA meM niyojita karane kI aura yaha samyak -

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dizA anya kucha nahIM , yaha sampUrNa mAnavatA ke kalyANa kI vyApaka AkAMkSA hI hai aura isa AkAMkSA kI pUrti adhyAtma aura vijJAna ke samanvaya meM hai| kAza mAnavatA ina donoM meM samanvaya kara sake, basa yahI kAmanA hai| adhyAtmavAda aura upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kA sAhitya __ jaina AcAryoM meM vipula adhyAtmavAdI sAhitya sRjana kI dRSTi se zvetAmbara paramparA meM haribhadra ke pazcAt yadi koI mahattvapUrNa lekhaka hue haiM to ve upAdhyAya yazovijayajI haiN| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne jainadharma-darzana aura sAdhanA ke vividha pakSoM para apane graMtha likhe haiN| unakA ciMtana aura lekhana bahuAyAmI hai| 'adhyAtmasAra' jJAnasAra aura adhyAtmopaniSad ke pazcAt unakI sabase mahattvapUrNa kRti mAnI jAtI hai| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne prAyaH prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza aura marugurjara (prAcIna hindI) Adi meM apane graMtha likhe haiN| ___adhyAtmasAra nAmaka prastuta kRti meM saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha 949 zloka haiN| prastuta kRti kA uddezya vyakti kI AdhyAtmika cetanA ko vikasita karanA hI hai| adhyAtmavAda kI dRSTi se unhoMne jina graMthoM kI racanA kI unameM adhyAtmasAra, adhyAtmopaniSad, AtmakhyAti, jJAnasAra, jJAnArNava Adi pramukha haiN| inameM bhI adhyAtmasAra kA sthAna sarvopari mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha graMtha AkAra aura viSaya vistAra donoM kI apekSA se hI mahattvapUrNa hai| graMtha kA pratipAdya viSaya mukhya rUpa se AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke pramukha biMduoM ko spaSTa karate hue Age bar3hatA hai| __adhyAtmasAra kI viSaya-vastu - adhyAtmasAra meM nimna sAta prabaMdha arthAt vibhAga haiN| adhyAtmasAra nAmaka prathama prabaMdha meM adhyAtma kA mahattva usakA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue dambha tyAga aura bhavasvarUpa ciMtA aise cAra adhikAra zloka kramAMka 1 se lekara 102 taka ina cAroM adhikAroM para vivecanA prastuta kI gaI hai| adhyAtmasAra kA dUsarA prabaMdha mukhyatayA vairAgya se sambaMdhita hai| isake aMtargata tIna adhikAra haiN| vairAgya kI sambhAvanA vairAgya ke bheda aura vairAgya ke binA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sambhAvanA hI nahIM hotI hai| prastuta graMtha ke tRtIya prabaMdha meM kramazaH cAra adhikAra haiN| mamatva tyAga adhikAra, samatva sAdhanA adhikAra, sadanuSThAnAdhikAra, manaHzuddhi adhikaar| prathamatayA isa prabaMdha meM isa bAta para bala diyA gayA hai ki mamatva ke tyAga ke binA jIvana meM samatA kA AvirbhAva nahIM hotA hai aura binA samatA ke sadanuSThAna nahIM hotA aura binA sadanuSThAna ke manaHzuddhi

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nahIM hotI hai aura manaHzuddhi ke binA Atmazuddhi bhI sambhava nahIM hai| vastutaH yaha tRtIya prabaMdha Atmavizuddhi ke hI cAra caraNoM ko spaSTa karatA hai, jisameM mamatva tyAga, samatva kI sAdhanA, sadanuSThAna aura manaHzuddhi meM cAra AdhAra stambha hai| adhyAtmasAra kA cauthA prabaMdha samyaktva se sambaMdhita hai| isameM lagabhaga 158 zloka haiN| prastuta prabaMdha nimna tIna adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai| samyaktva adhikAra, mithyAtva tyAga adhikAra aura asadgRhatyAga adhikaar| inameM asad Agraha kA tyAga aura mithyAtva kA tyAga hI samyaktva kI bhUmikA ko spaSTa karatA hai| jaba mithyA AgrahoM kA tyAga hotA hai, tabhI mithyAtva kA tyAga hotA hai aura mithyAtva ke tyAga se hI samyaktva kA prakaTana hotA hai aura binA samyaktva ko prApta kie Atmavizuddhi aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa sambhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra yaha caturtha prabaMdha AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie AdhArabhUta hai| . adhyAtmasAra kA pAMcavAM prabaMdha yoga adhikAra se prArambha hotA hai| isameM mukhyatayA yoga aura dhyAna se sambaMdhita viSaya kI carcA kI gaI hai| yaha adhikAra 82 zlokoM meM nibaddha hai aura yoga aura dhyAna kI vistAra se carcA karatA hai| isameM tIna adhikAra hai- yoga adhikAra, dhyAna adhikAra aura dhyAna stuti adhiNkaar| isa prabaMdha ko bhI hama AdhyAtmika sAdhana kA eka pramukha aMga mAna sakate haiM, kyoMki adhyAtmika sAdhanA binA yoga aura dhyAna ke sambhava nahIM hote haiN| ataH prastuta prabaMdha Atmavizuddhi ke sAdhanA mArga ko prastuta karatA hai| adhyAtmasAra ke chaha prabaMdha meM do adhikAra haiM- Atmanizcaya adhikAra aura jinamata stuti adhikaar| Atmanizcaya adhikAra yoga aura dhyAna kI upalabdhi rUpa hai| Atmanizcaya hI jinamata kA sArabhUta tattva hai aura vastutaH yaha Atmopalabdhi hI jinamata stuti kA AdhAra banatI hai, kyoMki sAdhya kI siddhi ke mahattva ko spaSTa kara detI hai| adhyAtmasAra kA sAtavAM prabaMdha atisaMkSipta hai aura isameM mAtra 60 zloka haiN| yaha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| anubhava adhikAra aura sajjana stuti adhikaar| dhyAna aura yoga ke mAdhyama se jo Atmanizcaya hotA hai vahI AtmAnubhUti ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| yaha AtmAnubhUti hI samagra sAdhanA kA AdhArabhUta hai aura isase vyakti kA eka anyarUpa meM hI prakaTa hotA hai, usI ko sajjanastuti ke nAma se isa graMtha meM abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prastuta kRti vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA eka samagra citra prastuta karatI hai| Aja se lagabhaga 4 varSa pUrva sAdhvI zrI prItidarzanAjI se unake zodha viSaya ke (190)

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sambaMdha meM carcA huI to maiMne unakI AdhyAtmika ruci ko dekhate hue unheM upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke adhyAtmavAda para zodha kArya karane ke lie khaa| isa hetu unake AdhArabhUta graMthoM kI khoja kI to patA calA ki upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke AdhyAtmika dRSTi se yukta nimna tIna graMtha mahattvapUrNa haiM - adhyAtmasAra, jJAnasAra aura adhyAtmopaniSad / maiMne unheM inhIM tIna graMthoM ke AdhAra para apane zodhakArya ko Age bar3hAne ko kahA, kiMtu adhyAtmasAra kA koI bhI hindI rUpAMtaraNa na hone se sarvaprathama yahI nizcaya kiyA gayA ki isa zodhakArya kI dizA meM Age bar3hane ke pUrva isakA hindI anuvAda karane kA prayatna kiyA jaae| ataH maiMne yaha kArya unheM hI sauMpA aura isa prakAra mere mArgadarzana evaM sahayoga se graMtha kA anuvAda bhI pUrNa huA aura unakA zodha-prabaMdha bhI taiyAra huaa| merI dRSTi meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM jo AdhyAtmika dRSTi sambaMdhI graMtha milate haiM, unameM adhyAtmasAra kA sthAna sarvopari kahA jA sakatA hai| svAdhyAyarasika pAThakoM ke lie unakI AdhyAtmika abhiruci jIvaMta rakhane ke lie isa graMtha kA svAdhyAya mahattvapUrNa siddha ho sakatA hai| ataH isakA prakAzana ho, yaha bhI Avazyaka samajhA gyaa| yadyapi DaoN. ramaNalAla pI. zAha kA adhyAtmasAra gujarAtI anuvAda sahita upalabdha hotA hai| kiMtu hindI anuvAda sahita isa graMtha kA koI bhI saMskaraNa upalabdha nahIM thA, ataH isake prakAzana ke lie prayAsa kie ge| AcArya zrI jayaMtasena sUrIzvarajI masA se nivedana kiyA gayA aura unhoMne rAjarAjeMdra prakAzana TrasTa, ahamadAbAda ke dvArA isake prakAzana kI anumati pradAna kii| Aja yaha prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki ukta prakAzana se yaha graMtha prakAzita ho rahA hai| nizcaya hI yaha prakAzana sAdhvIzrI prItidarzanAjI ke zrama ko sArthaka karegA aura svAdhyAya rasikoM ke lie na kevala unakI svAdhyAya ruci ko vikasita karane vAlA hogA, apitu usake mAdhyama se ve apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke mArga meM Age bddh'eNge|

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AcAra dinakara kI bhUmikA kisI bhI dharma yA sAdhanA paddhati ke do pakSa hote haiM - 1.vicAra pakSa aura 2. AcAra pkss| jaina dharma bhI eka sAdhanA paddhati hai| ataH usameM bhI ina donoM pakSoM kA samAyojana pAyA jAtA hai| jaina dharma mUlataH bhAratIya zramaNa paramparA kA dharma hai| bhAratIya zramaNa paramparA adhyAtmaparaka rahI hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki usane prArambha meM vaidika karmakANDIya paramparA kI AlocanA bhI kI thI, kiMtu kAlAntara meM vaidika paramparA ke karmakANDoM kA prabhAva usa para bhI aayaa| yadyapi prAcIna kAla meM jo jaina Agama graMtha nirmita hue, unameM AdhyAtmika aura naitika zikSAeM hI pradhAna rahI haiM, kiMtu kAlAntara meM jo jaina graMtha nirmita hue unameM vaidika paramparA ke prabhAva se karmakANDa kA praveza bhI huaa| pahale gauNa rUpa meM aura phira prakaTa rUpa meM karmakANDa paraka graMtha jaina paramparA meM bhI likhe ge| bhAratIya vaidika paramparA meM yajJa-yAga Adi ke sAtha-sAtha gRhI jIvana ke saMskAroM kA bhI apanA sthAna rahA hai aura pratyeka saMskAra ke lie yajJa-yAga evaM tatsambaMdhI karmakANDa evaM usake maMtra bhI pracalita rhe| merI yaha suspaSTa avadhAraNA hai ki jaina paramparA meM SoDaza saMskAroM kA aura unake vidhi-vidhAna kA jo praveza huA hai, vaha mUlataH hindU paramparA ke prabhAva se hI AyA hai| yadyapi paramparAgata avadhAraNA yahI hai ki gRhasthoM ke SoDaza saMskAra aura unake vidhi-vidhAna bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke dvArA pravartita kie gae the| AcAradinakara meM bhI vardhamAnasUri ne isI paramparAgata mAnyatA kA ullekha kiyA hai| jahAM taka jaina AgamoM kA prazna hai, usameM kathAparaka AgamoM meM garbhadhAna saMskAra kA to koI ullekha nahIM hai, kiMtu unameM tIrthaMkaroM ke jIva ke garbha meM praveza ke samaya mAtA dvArA svapna darzana ke ullekha milate haiN| isake atirikta jAtakarma saMskAra, sUrya-caMdra darzana saMskAra, SaSThI saMskAra, nAmakaraNa saMskAra, vidyAdhyayana saMskAra Adi kucha saMskAroM ke ullekha bhI unameM milate haiM, kiMtu vahAM tatsambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, phira bhI isase itanA to siddha hotA hai ki usa kAla meM jaina paramparA meM bhI saMskAra sambaMdhI kucha vidhAna kie jAte the| yadyapi merI avadhAraNA yahI hai ki jaina samAja ke bRhada hindU samAja kA hI eka aMga hone ke kAraNa jana sAmAnya meM pracalita jo saMskAra Adi kI sAmAjika kriyAeM thI, ve jainoM dvArA bhI mAnya thI, kiMtu ye saMskAra jaina dharma kI nivRttiparaka sAdhanA vidhi kA aMga rahe hoMge, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| (192)

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jahAM taka saMskAra sambaMdhI svataMtra graMthoM kI racanA kA prazna hai, ve AgamikavyAkhyAkAla ke pazcAt nirmita hone lage the, kiMtu una graMthoM meM bhI gRhastha jIvana sambaMdhI SoDaza saMskAroM kA koI ullekha hameM nahIM milatA hai| mAtra digambara paramparA meM jo purANagraMtha haiM, kiMtu unameM ina saMskAroM ke vidhi-vidhAna ke mAtra saMsUcanAtmaka kucha nirdeza hI milate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArya haribhadra (lagabhaga AThavIM zatI) ke graMtha jaise aSTakaprakaraNa, paMcAzaka prakaraNa, paMcavastu Adi meM bhI vidhi-vidhAna sambaMdhI kucha ullekha to milate haiM, kiMtu unameM jo vidhi-vidhAna sambaMdhI ullekha haiM, ve prathamataH to atyaMta saMkSipta haiM aura dUsare unameM yA to jinapUjA, jinabhavana, jinayAtrA, muni dIkSA Adi se sambaMdhita hI kucha vidhi-vidhAna milate haiM yA phira muni AcAra sambaMdhI kucha vidhi-vidhAna kA ullekha unameM huA hai| gRhastha ke SoDaza saMskAroM kA suvyavasthita vivaraNa hameM AcArya haribhadra ke graMthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| AcArya haribhadra ke pazcAt navamIM zatAbdI se lekara bArahavIM zatAbdI taka muni AcAra sambaMdhI aneka graMthoM kI racanA huii| jaise- pAdaliptasUrikRta nirvANakalikA, jinavallabhasUri viracita saMghapaTTaka, caMdrasUri kI subodhAsamAcArI, tilakAcAryakRta samAcArI, hemacaMdrAcArya kA yogazAstra samAcArIzataka Adi kucha graMtha hai| kiMtu ye sabhI graMtha bhI mukhyatayAH sAdhanA paraka aura muni jIvana se sambaMdhita AcAra-vicAra kA hI ullekha karate haiN| terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI se vidhi-vidhAna sambaMdhI jina graMthoM kI racanA huI, usameM 'vidhimArgaprapA' ko eka pramukha graMtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kiMtu isameM bhI jo vidhi-vidhAna varNita hai, ' unakA sambaMdha mukhyataH muni AcAra se hI hai yA phira kisI sImA taka jinabhavana, jinapratimA, pratiSThA Adi se sambaMdhita ullekha hai| isI prakAra digambara paramparA meM paM. AzAdhara ke sAgaradharmAmRta evaM aNagAradharmAmRta meM tathA pratiSThAkalpa meM kucha vidhividhAnoM kA ullekha huA hai| sAgAra-dharmAsRta meM gRhastha jIvana se sambaMdhita kucha vidhividhAna carcita avazya haiM, kiMtu usameM bhI garbhadhAna, puMsavana jAtakarma, SaSThIpUjA, annaprAzana, karNavedha Adi kA koI vizeSa ullekha nahIM hai| gRhastha jIvana, munijIvana aura sAmAnya vidhi-vidhAna se sambaMdhita merI jAnakArI meM yadi koI prathama graMtha hai to vaha vardhamAnasUrIkRta AcAradinakara (vi.saM.1468) hI hai| graMtha ke raciyatA aura racanAkAla jahAM taka isa graMtha ke raciyatA evaM racanA kAla kA prazna hai, isa graMtha kI prazasti

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meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha kiyAgayA hai ki vi.saM.1468 meM jAlaMdhara nagara (paMjAba) meM isa graMtha kI racanA huii| graMtha prazasti se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha graMtha abhayadevasari ke ziSya vardhamAnasUri dvArA racita hai| abhayadevasUri aura vardhamAnasUri jaise prasiddha nAmoM ko dekhakara sAmAnyatayAH caMdrakula ke vardhamAnasUri, navAMgITIkAra abhayadevasUri kA smaraNa ho AtA hai, kiMtu AcAradinakara ke kartA vardhamAnasUri inase bhinna haiN| apanI sampUrNa vaMza paramparA kA ullekha karate hue unhoMne apane ko kharataragaccha kI rUdrapallI zAkhA ke abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) kA ziSya batAyA hai| graMtha prazasti meM unhoMne jo apanI guru paramparA sUcita kI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai AcArya haribhadra devacaMdrasUri nemIcaMdrasUri udyotanasUri vardhamAnasUri jinezvarasUri abhayadevasUri (prathama) jinavallabhasUri isake pazcAt jinavallabha ke ziSya jinazekhara se rUdrapallI zAkhA kI sthApanA ko batAte hue usakI AcArya paramparA jinma prakAra se dI hai

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jinazekharasUri padmacaMdrasUri vijayacaMdrasUri abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) (12vIM se 13vIM zatI) devabhadrasUri prabhAnaMdasUri (vi.saM. 1311) zrIcaMdrasUri (vi.saM. 1327) jinabhadrasUri / jagatatilakasUri guNacaMdrasUri (1415-21) ... abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) jayAnaMdasUri . vardhamAnasUri (15vIM zatI). prastuta kRti meM vardhamAnasUri ne jo apanI guru paramparA dI hai, usase yaha spaSTa ho

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jAtA hai ki ve kharataragaccha kI, rUdrapallI zAkhA se sambaMdhita the| jJAtavya hai ki jinavallabhasUri ke guru bhrAtA jinazekharasUri ne jinadattasUri dvArA jinacaMdrasUri ko apane paTTa para sthApita karane se rUSTa hokara unase pRthak ho gae aura unhoMne rUdrapallI zAkhA kI sthApanA kii| aisA lagatA hai ki jahAM jinadattasUri kI paramparA ne uttara-pazcima bhArata ko apanA prabhAva kSetra banAyA vahI jinazekhara sUri ne pUrvottara kSetra ko apanA prabhAva kSetra banAkara vicaraNa kiyaa| rUdrapallI zAkhA kA udbhava lakhanaU aura ayodhyA ke madhyavartI rUdrapallI nAmaka nagara meM huA aura isIlie isakA nAma rUdrapallI zAkhA pdd'aa| vartamAna meM bhI yaha sthAna rUdraulI ke nAma se prasiddha hai- isa zAkhA kA prabhAva kSetra pazcimI uttarapradeza, hariyANA aura paMjAba taka rhaa| prastuta AcAradinakara kI prazasti se bhI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa graMtha kI racanA paMjAba ke jAlaMdhara nagara ke naMdanavana meM huI, jo rUdrapallI zAkhA kA prabhAva kSetra rahA hogaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki rUdrapallI svataMtra gaccha na hokara kharataragaccha kA hI eka vibhAga thaa| sAhityika dRSTi se rUdrapallI zAkhA ke AcAryoM dvArA aneka graMthoM kI racanA huii| abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) dvArA jayaMtavijaya mahAkAvya vi.saM. 1278 meM racA gyaa| abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) ke paTTadhara devabhadrasUri ke ziSya tilakasUri ne gautamapRcchAvRtti kI racanA kI hai| unake pazcAt prabhAnaMdasUri ne RSabhapaMcAzikAvRtti aura vItarAgavRtti kI racanA kii| isI krama meM Age saMghatilakasUri hue jinhoMne samyaktvasaptatiTIkA, vardhamAnavidyAkalpa, SaTdarzanasamuccayavRtti kI racanA kii| inake dvArA racita graMthoM meM vIrakalpa, kumArapAlacaritra, zIlataraMginIvRtti, kanyAnayanamahAvIrapratimAkalpa (pradIpa) Adi katiyAM bhI milatI hai| kanyAnayanamahAvIrapratimAkalpa kI racanA se bhI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa zAkhA kA prabhAva kSetra pazcimI uttarapradeza thA, kyoMki yaha kalpa vartamAna kannauja ke bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jinAlaya ke sambaMdha meM likhA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vardhamAnasUri jisa rUdrapallI zAkhA meM hue vaha zAkhA vidvata munijanoM aura AcAryoM se samRddha rahI hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne AcAradinakara jaise vidhi-vidhAna sambaMdhI mahattvapUrNa graMtha kI racanA kii| AcAradinakara ke adhyayana se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki usa para zvetAmbara paramparA ke sAtha hI digambara paramparA kA bhI prabhAva rahA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki pazcimI uttarapradeza aura usase lage hue buMdelakhaMDa tathA pUrvI hariyANA meM digambara paramparA kA bhI prabhAva thaa| ataH yaha svAbhAvika thA ki AcAradinakara para digambara paramparA kA bhI

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prabhAva aae| svayaM vardhamAnasUri ne bhI yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki maiMne digambara evaM zvetAmbara paramparA ke graMthoM tathA unameM pracalita ina vidhAnoM kI jIvita paramparA ko dekhakara hI isa graMtha kI racanA kI hai| graMtha prazastiyoM ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki rUdrapallI zAkhA lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI meM astitva meM AI aura unnIsavIM zatAbdI taka astitva meM banI rhii| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki solahavIM zatI ke pazcAt isa zAkhA meM koI prabhAvazAlI vidvAna AcArya nahIM huA, kiMtu yati paramparA aura usake pazcAt kulaguru (matheNa) ke rUpa meM yaha zAkhA lagabhaga unnIsavIM zatAbdI taka jIvita rhii| graMthakAra vardhamAnasUri kA paricaya jahAM taka prastuta kRti ke raciyatA vardhamAnasUri kA prazna hai, unake gRhI jIvana ke sambaMdha meM hameM na to isa graMtha kI prazasti se aura na kisI anya sAdhana se koI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki inakA janma rUdrapallI zAkhA ke prabhAva kSetra meM hI kahIM huA hogaa| jAlaMdhara (paMjAba) meM graMtha racanA karane se bhI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki inakA vicaraNa aura sthiratA kA kSetra paMjAba aura hariyANA rahA hogaa| inake guru abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) dvArA phAlguna suda tIja, zukravAra vi.saM. 1432 meM aMjanazlAkA kI huI zAMtinAtha bhagavAn kI dhAtu kI pratimA, AdinAtha jinAlaya pUnA meM upalabdha haiN| isase yaha sunizcita hai ki vardhamAnasUri vikrama kI paMdrahavIM zatAbdI meM hue| inake guru abhayadevasUri dvArA dIkSita hone ke sambaMdha meM bhI kisI prakAra kI koI zaMkA nahIM kI jA sakatI, kiMtu inakI dIkSA kaba aura kahAM huI isa sambaMdha meM adhika kucha kahanA sambhava nahIM hai| __graMthakartA aura usakI paramparA kI isa carcA ke pazcAt hama graMtha ke sambaMdha meM kucha vicAra kreNge| graMtha kI viSayavastu vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara nAmaka yaha graMtha saMskRta evaM prAkRta bhASA meM racita hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se isakI saMskRta bhASA adhika prAMjala nahIM haiM aura na alaMkAra Adi ke ghaTATopa se kliSTa hai| graMtha sAmAnyatayAH sarala saMskRta meM hI racita hai| yadyapi jahAM-jahAM Agama aura prAcIna AcAryoM ke graMthoM ke pramANa prastuta karane kA prazna upasthita huA hai, vahAM-vahAM isameM prAkRta padya aura gadya avatarita bhI kie gae haiN| kahIM-kahIM to (197)

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yaha bhI dekhane meM AyA hai ki prAkRta kA pUrA kA pUrA graMtha hI avatarita kara diyA gayA hai, jaise prAyazcitta vidhAna ke sambaMdha meM jItakalpa, zrAddhajItakalpa Adi graMtha uddharita hue| graMtha kI jo prati prathamataH prakAzita huI hai, usameM saMskRta bhASA sambaMdhI aneka azuddhiyAM dekhane meM AtI haiM- ina azuddhiyoM ke kAraNa kA yadi hama vicAra kareM to do sambhAvanAeM pratIta hotI haiM- prathamataH yaha ho sakatA hai ki jisa hasta prata ke AdhAra para yaha graMtha chapAyA gayA ho vahIM azuddha rahI ho, dUsare yaha bhI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai ki prastuta graMtha kA prupha rIDiMga samyak prakAra se nahIM kiyA gayA ho| cUMki isa graMtha kA anya koI saMskaraNa bhI prakAzita nahIM huA hai aura na koI hastaprata hI sahaja upalabdha hai- aisI sthiti meM pUjyA sAdhvIjI ne isa azuddha prata ke AdhAra para hI yaha anuvAda karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, ataH anuvAda meM yatra-tatra skhalana kI kucha sambhAvanAeM ho sakatI hai| kyoMki azuddha pAThoM ke AdhAra para samyak artha kA nirdhAraNa karanA eka kaThina kArya hotA hai| phira bhI isa dizA meM jo yaha prayatna huA hai, vaha sarAhanIya hI kahA jaaegaa| yadyapi jaina paramparA meM vidhi-vidhAna se sambaMdhita aneka graMthoM kI racanA huI hai| AcArya haribhadrasUri ke paMcavastu prakaraNa se lekara AcAradinakara taka vidhi-vidhAna sambaMdhI graMthoM kI samRddha paramparA rahI hai, kiMtu AcAradinakara ke pUrva jo vidhi-vidhAna sambaMdhI graMtha likhe gae una graMthoM meM do hI pakSa prabala rahe- 1. muni AdhAra sambaMdhI graMtha aura 2. pUjA pATha, pratiSThA sambaMdhI graMthA nirvANakalikA, vidhimArgaprapA, samAcArI, subodhAsamAcArI Adi graMthoM meM hameM yA to dIkSA Adi muni jIvana se sambaMdhita vidhi-vidhAna kA ullekha milatA hai yA phira maMdira evaM mUrti nirmANa, mUrtipratiSThA, mUrti pUjA Adi se sambaMdhita vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ina pUrvavartI graMthoM meM zrAvaka se sambaMdhita jo vidhividhAna milate haiM, unameM se mukhya rUpa se sAmAyika, pauSadha, pratikramaNa evaM upadhAna se sambaMdhita hI vidhi-vidhAna milate haiN| sAmAnyataH gRhastha jIvana se sambaMdhita saMskAroM ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA unameM prAyaH abhAva hI dekhA jAtA hai| yadyapi Agama yuga se hI janma, nAmakaraNa Adi sambaMdhI kucha kriyAoM (saMskAroM) ke ullekha milate haiM, kiMtu tatsambaMdhI jaina paramparA ke anukUla vidhi-vidhAna kyA the? isakI koI carcA nahIM milatI hai| digambara paramparA ke purANa sAhitya meM bhI ina saMskAroM ke ullekha tathA unake karane sambaMdhI kucha nirdeza to milate haiM, kiMtu vahAM bhI eka suvyavasthita samagra vidhividhAna kA prAyaH abhAva hI dekhA jAtA hai| vardhamAnasUri kA AcAradinakara jaina paramparA

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kA aisA prathama graMtha hai, jisameM gRhastha ke SoDaza saMskAroM sambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA suspaSTa vivecana huA hai| AcAradinakara nAmaka yaha graMtha cAlIsa udayoM meM vibhAjita hai| AcArya vardhamAnasUri ne svayaM hI ina cAlIsa udayoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai| prathama vibhAga meM gRhastha sambaMdhI SoDaza saMskAroM kA vivecana haiM, dUsare vibhAga meM muni jIvana se sambaMdhita SoDaza saMskAroM kA vivecana haiM aura aMtima tRtIya khaNDa ke ATha udayoM meM gRhastha aura muni donoM dvArA sAmAnya rUpa se AcaraNIya ATha vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha hai| isa graMtha meM varNita cAlIsa vidhi-vidhAnoM ko nimna sUcI dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai(a) gRhastha sambaMdhI (ba) muni sambaMdhI (sa)muni evaM gRhastha sambaMdhI 1. garbhAdhAna saMskAra 1. brahmacaryavrata grahaNa saMskAra 1. pratiSThA vidhi 2. puMsavana saMskAra 2. kSullaka vidhi 2. zAMtika-karma vidhi 3. jAtakarma saMskAra 3. pravrajyA vidhi 3. pauSTika-karma vidhi 4. sUrya-caMdra darzana saMskAra 4. upasthApanA vidhi 4. bali vidhAna saMskAra 5. kSIrAzana saMskAra .. 5. yogodvahana vidhi 5. prAyazcitta vidhi 6. SaSThI saMskAra 6. vAcanAgrahaNa vidhi 6. Avazyaka vidhi 7. zuci saMskAra 7. vAcanAnujJA vidhi 7. tapa vidhi 8.nAmakaraNa saMskAra 8. upAdhyAyapada sthApanA vidhi 8. padAropaNa vidhi 9. anna prAzana saMskAra 9. AcAryapada sthapanA vidhi 10. karNavedha saMskAra 10. pratimAudvahana vidhi 11. cUDAkaraNa saMskAra 11. vratinI vratadAna vidhi 12. upanayana saMskAra 12. pravartinIpada sthApanA vidhi 13. vidyArambha saMskAra 13. mahattarApada sthApanA vidhi 14. vivAha saMskAra 14. ahorAtra caryA vidhi 15. vratAropaNa saMskAra 15. RtucaryA vidhi 16. antya saMskAra 16. antasaMlekhanA vidhi

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tulanAtmaka vivecana - jahAM taka prastuta kRti meM varNita gRhastha jIvana sambaMdhI SoDaza saMskAroM kA prazna hai, ye saMskAra bhAratIya samAja meM pracalita rahe haiM, satya yaha hai ki ye saMskAra dhArmika saMskAra na hokara sAmAjika saMskAra rahe haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya samAja ke zramaNa dharmoM meM bhI inakA ullekha milatA hai| jaina paramparA ke AgamoM jaise jJAtAdharmakathA, aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, kalpasUtra Adi meM inameM se kucha saMskAroM kA jaise jAtakarma yA janma saMskAra, sUrya-caMdra darzana saMskAra, SaSThI saMskAra, nAmakaraNa saMskAra, vidyArambha saMskAra Adi kA ullekha milatA hai, phira bhI jahAM taka jaina AgamoM kA prazna hai, unameM mAtra unake nAmollekha hI hai| tatsambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA vistRta vivecana nahIM hai| jaina AgamoM meM garbhAdhAna saMskAra kA ullekha na hokara zizu ke garbha meM Ane para mAtA dvArA svapnadarzana kA hI ullekha milatA hai| isI prakAra vivAha ke bhI kucha ullekha hai, kiMtu unameM vyakti ke lie vivAha kI anivAryatA kA pratipAdina nahIM hai aura na tatsambaMdhI kisI vidhi vidhAna . kA ullekha hai| digambara paramparA ke purANa graMthoM meM bhI inameM se adhikAMza saMskAroM kA ullekha huA hai, kiMtu upanayana Adi saMskAra jo mUlataH hindU paramparA se hI sambaMdhita rahe haiM, unake ullekha virala haiN| digambara paramparA meM mAtra yaha nirdeza milatA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke putra bharata cakravartI ne vratI zrAvakoM ko svarNa kA upanayana sUtra pradAna kiyA thaa| vartamAna meM bhI digambara paramparA meM upanayana (janeu) dhAraNa kI paramparA hai| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI pramukha paramparAoM meM eka sAmAjika vyavasthA ke rUpa meM ina saMskAroM ke nirdeza to haiM, kiMtu mUlabhUta graMthoM meM tatsambaMdhI kisI bhI vidhividhAna kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| vardhamAnasUri kI prastuta kRti kA yaha vaiziSTya hai ki usameM sarvaprathama ina SoDaza saMskAroM kA vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jahAM taka merI jAnakArI hai, vardhamAnasUrikRta isa AcAradinakara nAmaka graMtha se pUrvavartI kisI bhI jaina graMtha meM ina SoDaza saMskAroM kA unake vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka ullekha nahIM huaa| mAtra yahI nahIM paravartI graMthoM meM bhI aisA suvyavasthita vivecana upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi digambara paramparA meM SoDaza saMskAra vidhi, jaina vivAhavidhi Adi ke vidhi-vidhAna se sambaMdhita kucha graMtha hindI bhASA meM prakAzita haiM, kiMtu jahAM taka merI jAnakArI hai, zvetAmbara paramparA meM vardhamAnasUri ke pUrva aura unake pazcAt bhI ina SoDaza saMskAroM se sambaMdhita koI graMtha nahIM likhA gyaa| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM SoDaza saMskAroM kA vidhipUrvakaM ullekha 200

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karane vAlA yahI ekamAtra advitIya graMtha haiN| vardhamAnasUri kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne garbhAdhAna saMskAra ko hindU paramparA ke sImAnta saMskAra ke pUrva rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai aura yaha mAnA hai ki ki garbha ke spaSTa lakSaNa prakaTa hone para hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA caahie| isa prakAra unake dvArA prastuta garbhAdhAna saMskAra vastutaH garbhAdhAna saMskAra na hokara sImAnta saMskAra kA hI pUrva rUpa hai| vardhamAnasarine gRhastha sambaMdhI jina SoDaza saMskAroM kA vidhAna kiyA hai, unameM se vratAropaNa ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI saMskAra hindU paramparA ke samarUpa hI prastuta kie gae haiM, yadyapi saMskAra sambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAna meM jainatva ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai aura tatsambaMdhI maMtra bhI jaina paramparA ke anurUpa hI prastuta kie gae haiN| vardhamAnasUri dvArA viracita SoDaza saMskAroM aura hindU paramparA meM pracalita SoDaza saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para hama yaha pAte haiM ki isa graMtha meM hindU paramparA ke SoDaza saMskAroM kA mAtra jainIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| kiMtu jahAM hindU paramparA meM vivAha saMskAra ke pazcAt vAnaprastha saMskAra kA ullekha hotA hai, vahAM vardhamAnasUri ne vivAha saMskAra ke pazcAt vratAropaNa saMskAra kA ullekha kiyA hai| vratAropaNa saMskAra vAnaprastha saMskAra se bhinna hai, kyoMki vaha gRhastha jIvana meM hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| punaH vaha brahmacarya vratagrahaNa aura kSullaka dIkSA se bhI bhinna hai, kyoMki donoM meM maulika dRSTi se yaha bheda hai ki brahmacarya vratagrahaNa tathA kSullaka dIkSA donoM meM hI strI kA tyAga apekSita hotA hai, jabaki vAnaprasthAzrama strI ke sAtha hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| yadyapi isakI kSullaka dIkSA se isa artha meM samAnatA hai ki donoM hI saMnyAsa kI pUrva avasthA evaM gRha tyAga rUpa haiN| vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara ke dUsare khaNDa meM muni jIvana se sambaMdhita SoDaza saMskAroM kA ullekha hai| ina saMskAroM meM jahAM eka aura muni jIvana kI sAdhanA evaM zAstrAdhyayana se sambaMdhita vidhi-vidhAna haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora sAdhu-sAdhvI ke saMgha saMcAlana sambaMdhI vividha pada evaM una padoM para sthApana kI vidhi dI gaI hai| muni jIvana se sambaMdhita ye vidhi-vidhAna vastutaH jaina saMgha kI apanI vyavasthA hai| ataH anya paramparAoM meM tatsambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA prAyaH abhAva hI dekhA jAtA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke AcAradinakara nAmaka graMtha meM isa sambaMdha meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha muni kI pravrajyA vidhi ke pUrva, brahmacarya vrata saMskAra aura kSullaka dIkSA vidhi ko prastuta karatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke unase pUrvavartI kisI bhI graMtha meM isa prakAra vidhi-vidhAna kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai, yadyapi prAcIna Agama graMthoM jaise dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi meM kSullakAcAra nAmaka adhyayana (201)

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milate haiM, kiMtu ve mUlataH navadIkSita muni ke AcAra kA hI vivecana prastuta karate haiN| yadyapi digambara paramparA meM brahmacarya pratimA aura kSullaka dIkSA ke nirdeza milate haiM aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI gRhasthoM dvArA brahmacaryavrata svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai aura tatsambaMdhI pratijJA ke AlApaka bhI haiM, kiMtu kSullaka dIkSA sambaMdhI koI vidhi-vidhAna mUla Agama sAhitya meM nahIM hai, mAtra tatsambaMdhI AcAra kA ullekha hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAmAyika cAritra grahaNa rUpa jisa choTI dIkSA kA aura chedopasthApanIya cAritra grahaNa rUpa bar3I dIkSA ke jo ullekha haiM, ve prastuta graMtha meM pravrajyAvidhi aura upasthApanAvidhi ke nAma se vivecita haiN| vardhamAnasUri kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ve brahmacarya vrata se saMskArita yA kSullaka dIkSA gRhIta vyakti ko gRhasthoM ke vratAropaNa ko chor3akara zeSa paMdraha saMskAroM ko karavAne kI anumati pradAna karate haiN| yahI nahIM yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki muni kI anupasthiti meM kSullaka bhI gRhastha ko vratAropaNa karavA sakatA hai| unhoMne kSullaka kA jo svarUpa varNita kiyA hai, vaha bhI vartamAna meM digambara paramparA kI kSullaka dIkSA se bhinna hI haiN| kyoMki digambara paramparA meM kSullaka dIkSA AjIvana ke lie hotI hai| sAtha hI kSullaka ko gRhastha ke saMskAra karavAne kA adhikAra bhI nahIM hai| yadyapi kSullaka ke jo kArya vardhamAnasUri ne batAe haiM, ve kArya digambara paramparA meM bhaTTArakoM dvArA sampanna kie jAte haiN| gRhastha ke vidhividhAnoM kI carcA karate hue unhoMne jaina brAhmaNa aura kSullaka kA bAra-bAra ullekha kiyA hai, isase aisA lagatA hai ki prastuta kRti ke nirmANa meM digambara paramparA kA bhI prabhAva rahA hai| svayaM unhoMne apane upodghAta meM bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki maiMne zvetAmbara evaM digambara sampradAya meM pracalita jIvanta paramparA ko aura unake graMthoM ko dekhakara isa graMtha kI racanA kI hai| vardhamAnasUri gRhastha sambaMdhI saMskAra hetu jaina brAhmaNa kI bAta karate haiM, kiMtu zvetAmbara paramparA meM jaina brAhmaNa koI vyavasthA nahIM hai, aisA usa paramparA ke graMthoM se jJAta nahIM hotA hai| sambhAvanA yahI hai zvetAmbara paramparA zithila yatiyoM ke dvArA vaivAhika jIvana svIkAra karane para jo mattheNa, gaurajI mahAtmA Adi kI jo paramparA pracalita huI thI aura jo gRhasthoM ke kulaguru kA kArya bhI karate the, vardhamAnasUri kA jaina brAhmaNa se Azaya unhIM se hogaa| lagabhaga 50 varSa pUrva taka ye loga yaha kArya sampanna karavAte the| isa kRti ke tRtIya khaNDa meM muni evaM gRhastha donoM se sambaMdhita ATha saMskAroM 202

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kA ullekha kiyA hai, kiMtu yadi hama gambhIratA se vicAra kareM, to pratiSThA vidhi, zAMtika karma, pauSTika karma evaM balividhAna ina cAra kA sambaMdha mukhyataH gRhasthoM se hai, kyoMki ye saMskAra gRhasthoM dvArA aura unake lie hI sampanna kie jAte haiN| yadyapi pratiSThA vidhi kI avazya kucha aisI kriyAeM haiM, jinheM AcArya yA munijana bhI sampanna karate haiN| jahAM taka prAyazcitta vidhAna kA prazna hai, hama dekhate haiM ki jaina AgamoM meM aura vizeSa rUpa se chedasUtroM yathA vyavahArasUtra, nizIthasUtra, jItakalpa Adi meM aura unakI niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNi meM sAmAnyataH muni kI hI prAyazcitta vidhi kA ullekha hai| gRhastha kI prAyazcitta vidhi kA sarvaprathama ullekha hameM zrAddhajItakalpa meM milatA hai| digambara paramparA ke chedapiNDa zAstra meM bhI muni ke sAtha-sAtha gRhastha ke prAyazcitta sambaMdhI vidhi-vidhAna kA ullekha hai| AcAradinakara meM prAyazcitta vidhi ko prastuta karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne apanI tarapha se koI bAta na kahakara jItakalpa, zrAvaka jItakalpa Adi prAcIna graMthoM ko hI pUrNataH uddhRta kara diyA hai| Avazyaka vidhi mUlataH zrAvaka pratikramaNa vidhi aura sAdhu pratikramaNa vidhi ko hI prastuta karatI hai| jahAM taka tapa vidhi kA sambaMdha hai, isameM vardhamAnasUri ne chaH bAhya evaM chaH Abhyantara tapoM ke ullekha ke sAtha-sAtha Agama yuga se lekara apane kAla taka pracalita vibhinna tapoM kA vistRta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| jahAM taka padAropaNa vidhi kA prazna hai, yaha vidhi mUlataH sAmAjika jIvana aura rAjya prazAsana meM pracalita padoM para AropaNa kI vidhi ko hI prastuta karatI hai| isa vidhi meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM rAjyahastI, rAjya-azva Adi ke bhI padAropaNa kA ullekha milatA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki vardhamAnasUri ne usa yuga meM pracalita vyavasthA se hI ina vidhiyoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai| jahAM taka pratiSThA vidhi, zAMtika karma, pauSTika karma evaM bali vidhAna kA prazna hai, ye cAroM hI vidhiyAM merI dRSTi meM jainAcAryoM ne hindU paramparA se grahIta karake unakA jainIkaraNa mAtra kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki pratiSThA vidhi meM tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ko chor3akara jina anya devI devatAoM jaise- digpAla, navagraha, kSetrapAla, yakSa-yakSiNI Adi ke jo ullekha haiM, ve hindU paramparA se prabhAvita lagate haiM yA unake samarUpa bhI kahe jA sakate haiN| ye sabhI devatA hindU deva maNDala se jaina deva maNDala meM samAhita kie gae haiN| isI prakAra kUpa, taDAga, bhavana Adi kI pratiSThA vidhi bhI unhoMne hindU paramparA se hI grahaNa kI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vardhamAnasUri ne eka vyApaka dRSTi ko samakSa rakhakara jaina paramparA aura tatkAlIna samAja vyavasthA ko pracalita vividha vidhi-vidhAnoM kA isa

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graMtha meM vidhivat aura vyavasthita vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| jaina dharma meM unase pUrvavartI kucha AcAryoM ne sAdhu jIvana se sambaMdhita vidhi-vidhAnoM kA evaM jinabimba kI pratiSThA se sambaMdhita vidhi-vidhAna para to graMtha likhe the, kiMtu sAmAjika jIvana se sambaMdhita saMskAroM ke vidhi-vidhAnoM para itanA adhika vyApaka aura prAmANika graMtha likhane kA prayatna sambhavataH vardhamAnasUri ne hI kiyA hai| vastutaH jahAM taka merI jAnakArI hai| samagra jaina paramparA meM vidhi-vidhAnoM ko lekara AcAradinakara hI eka aisA Akara graMtha hai jo vyApaka dRSTi se evaM sAmAjika pariprekSya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha karatA hai| AcAradinakara vikramasaMvat 1468 tadanusAra I.san 1412 meM racita hai| yaha graMtha mUlataH saMskRta evaM prAkRta bhASA meM hone ke kAraNa Adhunika yuga meM na to vidvata grAhya thA aura na jngraahy| yadyapi yaha graMtha apane mUla svarUpa meM prakAzita bhI huA, kiMtu anuvAda ke abhAva meM lokapriya nahIM bana skaa| dUsare graMtha kI bhASA saMskRta evaM prAkRta hone ke kAraNa tathA unameM pratipAdita viSayoM ke durUha hone ke kAraNa isa sampUrNa graMtha kA hindI yA gujarAtI meM Aja taka koI anuvAda nahIM ho sakA thaa| graMtha ke prathama khaNDa kA purAnI hindI meM rUpAntaraNa kA eka prayatna to avazya huA, jo jaina tattva prasAda meM chapA bhI thA, kiMtu samagra graMtha anudita hokara Aja taka prakAza meM nahIM A paayaa| sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrIjI ne aise durUha aura vizAlakAya graMtha kA hindI bhASA meM rUpAntaraNa kA jo mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai, usake lie ve nizcita hI badhAI kI pAtra hai| isa graMtha ke anuvAda ke lie na kevala bhASAoM ke jJAna kI hI apekSA thI, apitu usake sAtha-sAtha jyotiSa evaM paramparA ke jJAna kI bhI apekSA thii| sAtha hI hamAre sAmane eka kaThinAI yaha bhI thI ki jo mUlagraMtha prakAzita huA thA, vaha itanA azuddha chapA thA ki artha bodha meM anekazaH kaThinAIyAM upasthita hotI rahI, aneka bAraM sAdhvIjI aura maiM una samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa meM nirAza bhI hue, phira bhI isa graMtha kA prathama khaNDa pUrNa hokara prakAzita ho rahA hai yaha saMtoSa kA viSaya hai| graMtha tIna khaNDoM meM prakAzita karane kI yojanA hai| isakA prathama khaNDa vidvAnoM aura pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta hai| dUsare aura tIsare khaNDa kA anuvAda bhI pUrNa ho cukA hai, unake kucha aMza spaSTIkaraNa yA parimArjana hetu pUjya muni pravara jambUvijayajI aura muni zrIyazovijayajI ko bheje gae hai, ve aMza unake dvArA saMzodhita hokara milane para agrima do khaNDoM ke prakAzana ko bhI gati milegii| pUjyA sAdhvI mokSaratnAzrIjI isI prakAra Age bhI jinavANI ke adhyayana, anuzIlana aura prakAzana meM rUci letI raheM, yahI 204

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apekSA hai| vidvatajana jisa kArya ko cAhakara bhI abhI taka sampanna nahIM kara pAe the, use mere sahayoga se eka alpa dIkSAparyAya kI yuvA sAdhvI ne athaka parizrama kara pUrNa kiyA yaha mere lie bhI AtmatoSa kA viSaya hai| vastutaH maiMne unheM zodhakArya hetu isa graMtha kA nAma sujhAyA thA, kiMtu anuvAda ke binA yaha kArya zakya nahIM ho rahA thaa| hamane anuvAda kI prApti ke prayAsa bhI kie, kiMtu ve sArthaka nahIM ho ske| ataH prathamataH anuvAda kI yojanA banAI gaI, prastuta kRti usI kI phalazruti hai| vidvatvarga dvArA isake samucita mUlyAMkana kI apekSA hai, tAki sAdhvIjI kA utsAha vardhana ho| 205)

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prAcya vidyApITha : eka paricaya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pAramArthika zikSaNa nyAsa dvArA san 1997 se saMcAlita prAcya vidyA pITha, zAjApura AgarA-mumbaI mArga para sthita isa saMsthAna kA mukhya udezya bhAratIya prAcya vidyAoM ke ucca starIya adhyayana, prazikSaNa evaM zodhakArya ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko punaH pratiSThita karanA hai| isa vidyApITha meM jaina, bauddha aura hindu dharma Adi ke lagabhaga 12,000 durlabha grantha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta 700 hastalikhita pANDulipiyA~ bhI hai| yahA~ 40 patra patrikAe~ bhI niyamita AtI hai isa parisara meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, zodhArthiyoM aura mumukSujanoM ke lie adhyayana-adhyApana ke sAtha-sAtha nivAsa, bhojana Adi kI bhI uttama vyavasthA hai| zodhakArya ke mArgadarzana evaM zikSaNa hetu DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina kA satat sAnidhya prApta hai| 1. ise vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ujjaina dvArA zodha saMsthAna ke rupa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai|

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina janma di. 22.02.1932 janma sthAna zAjApura (ma.pra.) zikSA sAhityaratna : 1954 ema.e. (darzana zAstra) : 1963 pI-eca.DI. : 1969 akAdamika upalabdhiyA~ : pravaktA (darzanazAstra) ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevAH 1964-67 sahAyaka prAdhyApaka ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA : 1968-85 prAdhyApaka (prophesara) ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA : 1985-89 nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI : 1979-1987 evaM 1989-1997 lekhana : 49 pustakeM sampAdana : 160 pustakeM pradhAna sampAdaka jaina vidyA vizvakoSa (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI mahatvAkAMkSI pariyojanA) puraskAra : pradIpakumAra rAmapuriyA puraskAra : 1986 evaM 1998 svAmI praNavAnanda puraskAra : 1987 DipTImala puraskAra : 1992 AcArya hastImala smRti sammAna : 1994 vidyAvAradhi sammAna : 2003 presIDensIyala avArDa oNpha jainA yU.esa.e : 2007 vAgArtha sammAna (ma.pra. zAsana) : 2007 gautama gaNadhara sammAna (prAkRta bhAratI) - : 2008 ArcAya tulasI prAkRta sammAna : 2009 vidyAcandrasUrI sammAna : 2011 samatA manISI sammAna : 2012 sadasya : akAdamika saMsthAe~ : pUrva sadasya - vidvata pariSada, bhopAla vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla sadasya - jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM pUrva sadasya - mAnada nidezaka, Agama, ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udypur| samprati : saMsthApaka - prabaMdha nyAsI evaM nidezaka "prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra) pUrvasacivaHpArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI videza bhramaNa yU.esa.e. , zikAgoM, rAle, hyUTana, nyUjarsI, uttarIkarolInA, vAziMgaTana, senaphrAMsisko, laoNsa eMjilsa, phinIksa, seMTa luIsa, piTsabarga, ToraNToM, (kanAr3A) nyUyArka, landana (yU.ke.) aura kATamArcha (nepAla)