________________ Pancastikaya-samgraha assistance in continuity of being through gradual changes (vartanahetutua), incorporealness (amurtatua), and lifelessness (acetanatua). उत्पाद, व्यय और ध्रौव्य - utpada, vyaya anddhrauvya The substance (dravya) is endowed with origination (utpada), destruction (uyaya) and permanence (dhrauvya), without ever leaving its essential character of existence (being or sat). Origination, destruction and permanence are simultaneous and interdependent and are not possible without the substance. Origination of the new mode cannot take place without destruction of the old mode, the old mode cannot get destroyed without origination of the new mode, origination and destruction cannot take place in the absence of permanence, and permanence is not possible without origination and destruction. The soul is a substance (dravya). Manifestation of consciousness (cetana) is its quality (guna) and its modes (paryaya) are worldly states - human, sub-human (plants and animals), infernal and celestial - before it may finally get to the state of liberation. Qualities (guna) reside permanently in the substance but the modes (paryaya) keep on changing. These threeorigination (utpada), destruction (uyaya) and permanence (dhrauvya) - take place in modes (paryaya); modes (paryaya), as a rule, dwell in substance (dravya), and, therefore, the three constitute the substance (dravya). Acarya Umasvami's Tattvarthasutra: JAYTGARTENtaRi Hall (4-30) Existence (sat) is with (yukta) origination (utpada), destruction (vyaya) and permanence (dhrauvya). Acarya Kundakunda's Pravacanasara: उप्पादट्ठिदिभंगा विजंते पज्जएसु पज्जाया। दव्वं हि संति णियदं तम्हा दव्वं हवदि सव्वं // 2-9 // XXXVIII
