Terapanth ka Rajasthani ko Avadan

Author(s): Devnarayan Sharma, Others
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003137/1

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna kaMpanI yA svArthavAdapaNe poMjI pUrva apanA sara jinakadeva nAgI yamAjI tadeva jI gae dikaka ribhUmikA kI eseo vamI va ka rijItano dhavale janadharara anIvAra majIUipanAjI eha jIvanA jAe. rAjApa samajjI nimadijaka diveopi bijaka ripUjIyo kI mAgaNI vRtI kayA kAvizeSagI tima pIe jIjI sarvajIvanI moTha gharatI dAsI putrapajI Upana avaloya pema zradiza zeSaka dIjIye yA karetha videnugavatajI golAla vAnara mAhi moTaroje havAma nRtakakAdimAdi zrAviva pojI poSitapaNe karamAdikanAlA ki divAkara moTo mamuka tamuka ma nAjI nAnAjI UpanI pUrva somapuruSapae~U panIjI - ejabarakadeha zIlasamAdhira hI taratarIta lalanA maryAdA rAtaenaTI pArthiyana nagada jI pUrva sopUrvaka panojI palasara vAsasAdIta kAlakarI kAla avasare strapATI eDU utkRSTa sAgara-prAuye Upajenarakama nAgomAjI jAtIvAra sarvajIva pila edanAjI ema atIvAra sevana gautama kaha ka zrama ganamahAvIrajI nAgaraii vizvAza go UpajavAlAmA kapanAka diye| || vimAra bAra deza kasAnamaujI dIyasopaisamI zikArI mAna kRSirAyathalo samaya soyare vAnara mIma ko samaya joyare nAraka navaka dithenatha jayajadara dina vA artha do jIvanI ekAraNa abaloyare kimaka diye nAraka paNe niraNayavatajore vIro patra-adhikAra aSTasudeza vietimana saMgAMtare vicAra sie kAlanetie samaya yAvata gotamasyA vAlAgI nhAlare ka diyete dane UpanA kiyA niSTA kAsare ebidhI kapajavAlA goje manyA tejI vijayakarI saranAmAmI puranagaramA mahAkara gavaMta yA kArya samayate tisapanoM ne hara niSTAkAlaja samAika kriyAniSTAnAre evena jAdAjI tara ticI karIbI netAma jI gomadAmaema ke ika temATe jinadAre 323mA kapanoM netrAcA itizmma iTaha gaUpaje nAgakatA gajarAjajI thAnAgate sAdi evaM samAja nAgA- vo sara joi je para vedanoM asata terA tanavainadI evI AzaMkA kare tenI zaMkATAnavAne graMtha prathamatalI dvitIyamanuSpada zivapadamA disiddhAvaspe bezarIrI nAgajeda: tenAgaviSesuraUpa yakadeMge - asana bane jee samaye golAMgulA dika tesamaye nArakI nthii| isa kAraNe nAra kI pavi jinakA upajata do go tetidAnA gajanmadidhe tathA usa triSeta ta gramedinAdika karI va divAtidA nirNayaka hai| zrama sagavaMta zrImahAvIra svAmI zmaka devAnarAdika nArakI stativizeSapuSpAdikaka ripUjIyo nAgalaNIjanameSa vastrAdika sahakArIyo valimamAnayI UpajatAnato te bhara ke UpanAja kahiye kiyA kAla aniSTAkA lae binA yane dadhI kapa ja emae senA nAgarANIbhara ne mizana sAcI tiko svapnAdika ka risoya te kove gAte apanA ka dIjeesasa je vAnaramukha tava gamI naraka nAnavanoM dilo samaya kupavA | sapane avatIya saphala seva vai jenI devaSTitasAra pUrva mazadikasura nikaTa kI karmI vATene ekriyA kAla -anaiteja samaya rUpa nae niSTazakAla ekriyA kA saniSTazakAla no samaya dArI edavAnAvidhe bhramaraje Upajai bhagavAna jina sdanAgothamA zramaraUpaje nagoya kriyAkAla noM je samaya te dina samaya niSTA kA nobela nyAya bikAsa naca ledara kI UpajavAna // anara dina vidAMdha kI nIkalatedasI jinaka hai tAsI jhetiko jAna karaiH khata goyatene apanoMka diyepura sIvA videza jimada sarpiNI usa saptamAta kAma ki suranamavata jI majaeTa doya zarIrIliviSezya upaje ma nizveka riyA pArAvAra zeSa ezI tarI tapUrva lI pare jAva rASTathI jAe UpajatAgAta UpanAka diyepi yo nAgajharI jimandAlago kahinautiyA dijarIta stramalinoM vizAla gosura mardikAtha vide nagavaMtajI Teka keka loka muka morIyo sara hita soya. zeSatima vahI bezarIrI tarumai upajata pra jinaka hai danA upane evaM caiva devanAeM jASTivala sevatesu vizeSa prayAgautama vivaratAnAmamuddeza doya sonagasamI jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM

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terApantha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna sAramAyA jJAna kA AcAra sAra hai jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM sampAdaka maNDala : DaoN0 devanArAyaNa zarmA DaoN0 deva koThArI DaoN. kiraNa nAhaTA zrI jagatarAma bhaTTAcArya DaoN0 harizaMkara pANDeya DaoN0 jinendra jaina jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya)

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* prakAzaka : jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) lADanUM - 341 306 ( rAja0 ) sarvAdhikAra surakSita : prakAzakAdhIna 0 saMskaraNa : prathama 1993 0 mUlya : 40.00 rupaye * mudraka : jaina vizva bhAratI presa lADanUM terApantha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna TERAPANTHA KA RAJASTHANI KO AVADANA

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AzIrvacana bhASA apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa nahIM hotii| vaha taba mahattvapUrNa banatI hai, jaba koI saMvedanazIla sAhityakAra use apanA mAdhyama banAtA hai| rAjasthAnI ko bhI aneka samartha sAhityakAroM ne apanI abhivyaJjanA kA mAdhyama banAyA hai| kucha varSoM pahale taka rAjasthAnI ko kevala eka bolI hI samajhA jAtA thA, para jyoM-jyoM rAjasthAnI sAhitya prakAza meM A rahA hai tyoM-tyoM loga isake mahattva ko samajhane lage haiN| aba ise eka bhASA-pratiSThA milanA bhI kaThina nahIM hai| terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI se gaharA sambandha-samparka rahA hai| mAdyapravartaka AcArya bhikSu se lekara Aja taka vipula sAhitya likhA gayA hai| pahale yaha sAhitya loka-locana ke sAmane nahIM thA / ina kucha varSoM meM isa dizA meM kucha kArya huA hai : jyoM-jyoM vidvAn isase paricita hote jA rahe haiM, tyoM-tyoM na kevala terApaMtha kA gaurava bar3hA hai, apitu rAjasthAnI bhASA ke bAre meM naI dhAraNAe~ banane lagI haiM / rAjasthAnI kI samRddhi meM aneka logoM kA sahayoga rahA hai, usameM terApaMtha kA sahayoga bhI ullekhanIya mAnA jAne lagA hai| terApaMtha ke sAhitya ko prakAza meM lAne kI dizA meM abhI taka niyojana prayatna nahIM huA / kucha sAhitya prakAza meM AyA, usa para kucha saMgoSThiyA~ bhI Ayojita huii| isase terApaMtha ke vAGamaya ke susampAdana kI eka mahattvAkAMkSI parikalpanA parisphurita huI hai| usa para kAma bhI zurU ho gayA hai / jaba yaha pUrA kAma sAmane AyegA taba niHsaMdeha patA lagegA ki terApaMtha dharma-saMgha ne rAjasthAnI bhASA kI kitanI sevA kI hai| pichale varSa (18-20 akTUbara 92) 'terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna' viSaya para eka saMgoSThI jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna mAnya vizva vidyAlaya ne Ayojita kI thI / usameM aneka vidvAnoM ne bhAga liyaa| aneka sArthaka carcAeM huIM / yaha acchA huA ki saMgoSThI meM paThita nibaMdhoM ko pustakAkAra saMjo liyA gyaa| isase bhI kucha bAte logoM kI samajha meM AyeMgI, aisA vizvAsa hai| 31. 10. 93 nAhara bhavana; rAjaladesara AcArya tulasI

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pAtheya zabda aura artha-donoM meM bhedAbheda saMbaMdha hai / dUdha yadi ghI se sarvAsmanA abhinna hotA to maMthana yA bilaunA anAvazyaka hotA / dUdha aura ghI yadi sarvathA bhinna hote to ghI ke lie dUdha ko jamAnA aura dahI ko mathanA jarUrI nahIM hotaa| donoM meM sApekSa abheda hai isalie dUdha se ghI kI AzA kI jAtI hai aura donoM meM sApekSa bheda hai isalie maMthana hotA hai, dUdha se navanIta alaga ho jAtA hai| artha zUnya zabda aura zabda zUnya artha---donoM apane ApameM jaTila hote haiN| donoM kI jaTilatA ko kama karane ke lie bhASA kA vikAsa kiyA gyaa| vaha bhASA samartha hotI hai, jisakI zabda-zakti artha kA saMgraha aura usakI abhivyakti meM sakSama hotI hai| kAnUna kI zabdAvali meM rAjasthAnI bhASA nahIM hai, mAtra bolI hai, kintu kSamatA kI dRSTi se vaha eka samartha bhASA hai| usakI zabda-saMhitA artha ke niyojana aura abhivyaMjanA meM bahuta sakSama hai| terApaMtha kA udbhava rAjasthAna meM huA / usakA mukhya vihAra kSetra bhI rAjasthAna rahA isalie usane rAjasthAnI kA pracura upayoga kiyA aura usakI sAhityika samRddhi gauravapUrNa bana gii| AcArya bhikSu, jayAcArya aura AcArya tulasI-ina tInoM mahAn AcAryoM kI vizAla racanAeM rAjasthAnI ke bhaNDAra kI mahAr2yA maNimuktA haiN| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM tathA gRhastha zrAvakoM ne bhI paryApta mAtrA meM likhA / jaina Agama prAkRta meM haiM / rAjasthAnI kA prAkRta se ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai isalie saikar3oM-saikar3oM prAkRta ke zabdoM kA rAjasthAnI meM prayoga huA hai| jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, mAnya vizvavidyAlaya dvArA Ayojita tridivasIya saMgoSThI (18-20 akTUbara 92) meM usa vizAla sAhitya para kucha sAhityakAroM ne caJcupAta kiyA hai| yaha caJcupAta usa samRddha sAhitya ke mUlyAMkana kA sAdhana bana sake, yaha vizvAsa nirAlaMba nahIM hai / 31.10. 93 nAhara bhavana, rAjaladesara yuvAcArya mahAprajJa

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apanI bAta "dhammo suddhassa ciTThaI" samAja meM jaba pradUSaNa pracaMDa hone lagatA hai taba usake viruddha dharma - krAMti ke lie bhUmikA taiyAra hotI hai aura aise hI avasara para kisI mahApuruSa kA AvirbhAva hotA hai saMbhavAmi yuge yuge / dharma kA karmakAMDa aura bAhya kalevara jaba pradhAna ho jAtA hai tathA dharma kA hRdaya evaM usakI AtmA ke tattva gauNa ho jAte haiM to phira yA to dharma-vinAza hotA hai yA dharmakrAMti / terApaMtha jaina dharma evaM saMskRti meM eka dharmakrAMti hai / ataH bhASA evaM sAhitya meM isakA prabhAva avazyambhAvI hai / terApaMtha ke sabhI AcAryoM evaM prAyaH isake sabhI saMtoM evaM sAdhviyoM kI sAhitya - sAdhanA kA mAdhyama rAjasthAnI bhASA hI rahI hai / terApaMthaparamparA ne itanI kama umra meM jitanA sArasvata kArya kiyA hai, vaha dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai| cAhe caritra - lekhana ho yA itihAsa, dharma ho yA darzana, stuti hoM yA DhAleM, vyAkaraNa ho yA jyotiSa - zAyada vAG maya kI sabhI vidhAoM meM terApaMtha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / prathama AcArya bhIkhaNajI kA vAGmaya sAdhanA kA sAhitya hai / darzanake gUr3ha tattva kabIra kI taraha unhoMne lokabhASA meM naracA hotA to zAyada usakA lAbha nahIM milatA - " bhASA nibaddhamati maMjulamAtanoti / " phira jayAcArya ne na kevala pustakoM kA sAMdhikIkaraNa kiyA balki lipi sudhAra kara mudrAMkana bhI prArambha karAyA / anya AcAryoM evaM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA saMbardhana kiyA / ina saboM kA bhavya rUpa hama AcArya tulasI evaM yuvAcArya kI racanAoM meM dekhate haiM / ina donoM ko to maiM jainAgama kA vizvakarmA evaM jaina vAG maya kI gaMgotrI kA bhagIratha mAnatA hU~ / mujhe bar3I prasannatA hai ki isa zizu vizvavidyAlaya ne rAjasthAna kI sAhityika virAsata ke RNa ko cukAne kA vinamra prayAsa kiyA hai / yaha hamArA pUrNavirAma nahIM, prathama caraNa hai / AcAryazrI tulasI ne preraNA dI aura DA0 deva koThArI evaM DA0 kiraNa nAhaTA ne na kevala yojanA dI balki saMgIti kA nirdezana bhI kiyA / unheM hama bhUla nahIM sakate / vizvavidyAla ke prAkRta vibhAga ne saba kucha kiyA aura vizvavidyAlaya

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(iv) dhanya huaa| maiM na rAjasthAnI bhASI hU~, na terApaMthI kintu rAjasthAnI kI madhuratA evaM terApaMtha kI zucitA kA saMsparza pAkara kRta-kRtya huuN| 15 navambara, 1993 AcAryazrI tulasI janma divasa rAmajI siMha kulapati

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prarocanA 'zraddhA svIkAro terApaMtha rA adhidevatA' jahA~ kI dharatI ratnagarbhA ke pAvana abhidhAna se abhihita hai, jo apanI vIratA, yuddhakalA-kauzala, pavitratA evaM aneka durlabha ratnoM kI khani hai, jahA~ kI bhUmi prAcInakAla se hI aneka avatAra, RSi, maharSi evaM vIroM kI jIvana sthalI hai / jisa deza kI miTTI tyAga, balidAna, AtmasamarpaNa aura sarvasva-visarjana kI pAvana sugandhi se suvAsita hai, Aja bhI kaNa-kaNa isa tathya ke sAkSI haiM ki yaha pradeza rANAsAMgA, rANApratApa Adi jaise dhaureya-guNasampanna, parAkrama-caritra-niSTha putroM ko janma diyA, padminI jaisI hajAroM vIrAMganA-satI-kulavantiyoM kA janaka banA to dUsarI tarapha yahIM kI mIrA sadeha kRSNa meM samA gii| krAMtadraSTA-AcArya bhikSu, pratibhA-pravINa zrI majjayAcArya evaM Adhunika vizva kI mahAn upalabdhi, vAkpati ke sArthakaabhidhAna se alaMkRta AcAryazrI tulasI kA sRjana bhI vaMdanIyA mArudharI-naMdanA kulavaMtI vadanA ke nirUpama evaM nirvadya-goda meM huaa| isI urvarA bhUmi ne aneka mahApuruSoM ke sAtha vividha kalAoM evaM navya-sAhityika saMvidhAnakoM kI mahArya sampatti saMsAra ko dii| rAjasthAna kI dharatI para aneka bhASAoM kA anavacchinna pravAha Adi-kAla se pravAhita hai / saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI evaM rAjasthAnI bhASA kA prabhUta vikAsa isa pradeza kI mahatI viziSTatA hai| _ 'gAmagahelarI' kI taraha nisarga-ramaNIyatA, kAmya-kamanIyatA evaM cAru-carvaNIyatA se yukta rAjasthAnI bhASA atyanta samRddha hai| isa bhASA meM aneka kavi, kathAkAra evaM vyAkhyAkAra hue haiN| sahasroM granthoM-mahAkAvya, khaMDakAvya, caritakAvya, nItikAvya, gItikAvya gadyasAhitya evaM kathAsAhitya, kA sRjana huA hai / kucha kI ora to vidvAnoM kA dhyAna gayA, prakAzana bhI hA lekina Aja bhI sahasrAdhika grantha saMgrahAlayoM evaM granthAgAroM kI zobhA bar3hAte hue apane nirvANa ke antima kSaNa gina rahe haiN| rAjasthAna meM aneka AcArya evaM sampradAyoM kA udaya huaa| vividha manISiyoM ne apane anusAra apanI jJAna-gaMgA ko sAmAnyajana ke lie pravAhita kiyaa| zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM san 1783 I0 meM AcArya bhikSu jaise mahAna krAMtikArI evaM nirvyAja-RjutA-sampanna siddha-sAdhaka kA janma

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(vi) huA, jisane eka naye paMtha kA nirmANa kiyA / jo Aja terApantha ke nAma se prasiddha hai / sammAnya AcArya bhikSu se lekara Adhunika kAla ke bhArata-jyoti AcArya tulasI taka nau AcArya evaM lagabhaga 1000 sAdhu-sAdhviyAM ho cukI haiM / tyAga, tapasyA, vrata, upavAsa evaM AcAra-niSThA meM yaha paMtha zreSTha hai, sAtha hI pratyeka sAdhu-sAdhvI, samaNa - samaNI adhyayanarata aura pratibhA sampanna haiN| dIkSA pUrva zikSA para prabhUta bala diyA jAtA hai, jisakA pariNAma yaha huA ki isa pantha ne eka tarapha tulasI rAma ko tarAzakara samadarzI AcArya zrI tulasI banA diyA to dUsarI tarapha gavAMrU bAlaka 'natthuA' bhI yuvAcArya mahAprajJa jaise zreSTha dArzanika, Azukavi evaM sahasrAvadhAnI vyaktitva bana gayA / isa paMtha ke santoM dvArA saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI, rAjasthAnI evaM aMgrejI sAhitya ke vibhinna vidhAoM se sambaddha aneka mahArghya granthoM kI viracanA kI gaI / rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke kSetra meM yaha paMtha sabase Age hai| AcArya bhikSu se lekara AcAryazrI tulasI taka rAjasthAnI bhASA meM zatAdhika graMthoM kA viracana huA hai / " carcAvAdI kuzala - prazAsaka mImAMsaka saMgAyaka ho" Adi guNa sampanna AcArya bhikSu ke aneka grantha bhikSugrantharatnAkara ( do bhAgoM ) meM saMkalita haiM, jo unakI mahanIya - kavitva zakti evaM sArasvata - pratibhA ke cUr3Anta nidarzana haiM / terApaMtha ke kaviyoM evaM lekhakoM meM bhikSu svAmI ke bAda zrImajjayAcArya kA pramukha sthAna hai / zrIjayAcArya ne aneka granthoM kI viracanA kI, jisameM AgamoM kI vyAkhyAyeM bhagavatI kI jor3a, paNNavaNA kI jor3a, uttarAdhyayana kI jor3a Adi prasiddha haiM / rAjasthAnI - sAhitya kI prAcIna - vidhAoM - huMDI dRSTAMta - sAhitya, coDhAliyo, vilAsa, DhAliyo, rAsa, DhAlAM, caupaI, sikhAvaNa Adi kA saMvarddhana kiyaa| unakI racanAeM Agama bhASya, tattvaciMtana, saMsmaraNa, AkhyAna, stuti - kAvya, vidhAna-maryAdA, vyAkaraNa, upadeza Adi se sambaddha haiM / saMsmaraNa-sAhitya meM bhikSu dRSTAMta prasiddha hai / AcArya paramparA meM jayAcArya ke bAda rAjasthAnI - sAhitya samvarddhakoM / Apako saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI hAsila hai| mANakamahimA, meM AcAryazrI tulasI kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai ke atirikta rAjasthAnI bhASA meM ' mahAratha' DAlima - caritra, kAlUyazovilAsa maganacaritra, mAM vadanAM, naMdana - nikuMja, somarasa Adi kRtiyA~ prasiddha haiM / kAlUyazovilAsa rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA mAnaka graMtha hai /

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(vii) bhASA kI pravahaNIyatA evaM abhivyakti kI cArutA meM AcArya tulasI kA sAhitya bejor3a hai / AcAryoM ke bAda paMtha ke zatAdhika sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne rAjasthAnI bhASA kI prabhUta abhyarthanA kI hai| munizrI veNIrAmajI evaM munizrI hemarAjajI AcArya bhikSu ke samaya ke prasiddha lekhaka ho cuke haiN| AcAryazrI bhAramalajI ke zAsana kAla ke munizrI karmacanda jI kA 'dhyAna' nAmaka grantha evaM munizrI jIvo jI ke lagabhaga 10 hajAra padya prasiddha haiM / unakA 'zAsana - vilAsa' mahatvapUrNa hai / tRtIya AcArya rAyacandajI ke dIkSita ziSya munizrI gulahajArI jI kI kucha gItikAeM Aja bhI upalabdha haiM / munizrI chogajI kI 'jayachoga sujanA vilAsa' nAmaka kRti prasiddha hai / tulasI kA zAsanakAla meM Adhunika kAla ke bhAsvara - bhAskara AcAryazrI terApaMtha kA svarNakAla kahA jA sakatA hai / isa kAla aneka zemuSI - pratibhAsampanna, sArasvata-guNa-guMphita kavi ho cuke haiM / isa kAla ne bhAratIya sAhityAkAza ko eka aisA vidyotita nakSatra samarpita kiyA hai, jo sahasrAbdiyoM taka Ane vAle kAla ko apanI prakhara - AbhA se vidyotita karatA rahegA / vaktRtA aura lekhana ubhayavidha durlabha - kalAoM se paripUrNa evaM mahAprajJa ke sArthaka abhidhAna se abhihita yaha kalAkAra nizcita hI yuga-yuga taka yuvaka AcAryayuvAcArya banA rhegaa| saMskRta, prAkRta evaM hindI ke atirikta rAjasthAnI bhASA bhI isa manISI kI pAvana - lekhanI kA saMsparza pAkara dhanya ho gaI / munizrI buddhamala jI apanI mATI ke kavi haiM / 'uNiyAro', 'miNakalA', 'pagatiyAM' Adi inake prasiddha kAvya-graMtha haiM / suprasiddha gItikAra evaM gAyaka bhI haiM / 'jAgaNa ro helo' meM saMkalita 108 gIta inakI gItisRjana - pratibhA ke utkRSTa udAharaNa haiM / Adhunika sAhityakAroM meM munizrI kANamala jI kI 'pAyalipta', mayarAvatI' evaM 'jA sA sA' Adi pramukha racanAeM haiM / isa paraMparA ke sAhityakAroM meM munizrI dulIcandajI kA nAma agragaNya hai / sRjanakalA evaM susvara galA rUpa ekatra - alabhyamAna dvividha tattvoM se munizrI kA vyaktitva sampanna hai / 'AtmabAvanI', adhyAtma - gItAMjalI, mAyalIbAta Adi inakI pramukha racanAeM haiN| saumya-sRjana kI sugaMdhi se suvAsita munizrI chatramala jI kI lekhanI sAhitya kI aneka vidhAoM meM pahu~cI hai / 'amRta rA guTakA' 'chatra dohAvalI' maMjulA Adi inake pramukha prakAzita graMtha haiM / munizrI sukhalAla jI rAjasthAnI gadya evaM padya donoM ke viracana meM niSNAta haiM / muniyoM ke atirikta aneka sAdhviyA~ isa kSetra meM kAphI Age haiM / sAdhvI pramukhA kanakaprabhAjI lekhana evaM vaktRtA ke lie vikhyAta haiM / aneka munigaNa aise haiM jo vividhaAyAmI - pratibhA ke dhanI hai /

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(vlit) kAvya-viracanA, gadya-lekhana, gIta-nirmANa evaM naisargika-svarazAstra meM pAraMgata haiN| vistAra-bhaya ke kAraNa yahA~ sabakA paricaya nahIM diyA jA sakA hai| isa vizAla sAhitya kI rasAtmakatA ke sarovara meM saMsAra snAta ho sake, isakI sugaMdhi se caturdika vAtAvaraNa surabhita ho sake, sAhityAcAryoM evaM rasikoM kA jIvita hRdaya paritoSa ko prApta kara sake isI zreSTha bhAvanA se bhAvita hokara anuzAstA AcAryazrI tulasI, zrI yuvAcArya mahAprajJa evaM sAdhvI pramukhAzrI kanakaprabhAjI ke nirdezana meM prAkRta bhASA evaM sAhitya vibhAga jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, mAnya vizvavidyAlaya kI ora se dinAMka 18 se 20 akTUbara 1992 taka eka tridivasIya rASTrIya parisaMvAda kA Ayojana kiyA gayA, jisameM bhArata ke lagabhaga 25 khyAtilabdha vidvAnoM ne apanA mahArya yogadAna diyaa| sabhI ne apanA-apanA zodha-nibandha prastuta kiyaa| samIkSA evaM zodha kI dRSTi meM sabhI nibandha uccakoTi ke haiN| sImita pRSThoM ko hI pustakAkAra dene se parisaMvAda meM paThita kucha zodha-nibandhoM ko hama prakAzita nahIM kara rahe haiN| ve sabhI vidvAn dhanyavAdAha haiM jinhoMne apanA bahumUlya samaya nikAlakara isa vidyA-yajJa kI pUrNatA meM sahAyatA kii| isa rASTrIya parisaMvAda ke pariprekSya meM bhArata ke do viziSTa vidvAnoM-- DaoN0 devakoThArI, udayapura evaM DaoN. kiraNa nAhaTA, bIkAnera ko nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA hai jinake saphala nidezakatva meM yaha kArya saphala huaa| mAtA-pitA apanI santAna ke prati udAra hote haiM, apanI sampUrNa sampatti santAna ke lie samarpita kara dete haiN| yahA~ bhI aisA hI dekhA gyaa| mAtR-saMsthA jaina vizvabhAratI ne sampUrNa vittIya sahAyatA dii| mAnanIya adhyakSa mahodaya zrI zrIcandajI baiMgAnI evaM AdareNya mantrI zrI jhUmaramalajI baiMgAnI ne isa yajJa meM apanI sahaja udAratA kA paricaya diyaa| hama kisI kArya ke lie jaba bhI gae, binA 'nanunaca' kie hI ina logoM ne Age Akara kArya pUrNa kiyaa| hama hRdaya se inake AbhArI haiN| mAtR-saMsthA ke anya adhikArI zrI samadar3iyA jI, zrI bAMThiyA jI Adi ne kAphI sahayoga diyA / hama unake prati kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiM / isa prasaMga meM do vaise mahApuruSa yAda A rahe haiM jo dharatI ke bhagavAna haiN| hama alpajJa, buddhihIna aura aguNI tathA ve mahAsattva guNa samudra evaM ratnatraya ke utsa haiN| unake bAre meM kucha kahane ke lie hamAre zabdoM ne apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kara dI hai| phira bhI unhIM kI bhaktivazAt unhIM se zakti prApta kara hama abodha unake prati praNAmAJjali samarpita karate haiN| ve mahApuruSa haiM, anAdikAla se anavacchinna rUpa meM pravAhita . dvipuTI paramparA ke do tattvaguru aura ziSya / kaisA durlabha saMyoga ? samartha guru AcAryazrI tulasI aura

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(ix) yogya guru ke yogya ziSya mahAprajJa-unhIM kI mahanIya-kRpA evaM anAvilaAzIrvAda se yaha vidyA-yajJa pUrNa huaa| hama kAmanA karate haiM ki hama maNasAvAcAkarmaNA ina mahApuruSoM kI sevA meM lage raheM aura hama logoM kA jIvana bhI inheM hI laga jAe, jisase yuga-yugAMtara taka ye mahApuruSa saMsArAnala meM dagdha jIvoM ko zaitya-pAvanatva pradAna karate raheM, unakA zaraNya banate rheN| nava-zizu vizvavidyAlaya isalie bhI dhanI hai ki eka tarapha anuzAstA jaisA mahAn mArgadarzaka milA hai to dUsarI tarapha jJAna ke kSetra meM pitAmaha kulAdhipati zrI zrIcanda rAmapuriyA aivaM DaoN0 rAmajI siMha jaise kulapati mile haiM / inake prati hama kRtajJa haiN| jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) ke sampUrNa prAdhyApakoM, chAtroM, adhikAriyoM, karmacAriyoM Adi ke prati hama kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiM jinhoMne isa kArya meM apanA amUlya yogadAna diyaa| isa grantha ke mudraNa meM jaina vizva bhAratI presa ke samasta adhikArI evaM karmacArI-gaNa sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiM jinhoMne svaccha evaM sundara mudraNa kArya kara ise pustakAkAra pradAna kiyaa| anta meM hama una sabake prati kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiM jinhoMne parokSa yA aparokSa rUpa meM isa vidyA-yajJa kI pUrNatA meM sahayoga kiyA hai| lADana vijayAdazamI, 1993 vinayAvanata sampAdaka maNDala

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AzIrvacana pAtheya apanI bAta ] prarocanA viSayAnukramaNikA : AcArya zrI tulasI : yuvAcAryazrI mahAprajJa : DaoN0 rAmajI siMha 1. terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI gadya sAhitya -muni sukhalAla jI 2. rAjasthAnI zabda- sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna -DaoN0 siyArAma saksenA 3. rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA aura AcArya tulasIkRta carita kAvya - DaoN0 deva koThArI 4. AcArya bhikSukRta sudarzanacarita kA kAvya- sauMdarya -DaoN0 harizaMkara pANDeya 5. terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA kalApakSa - DaoN0 manamohana svarUpa mAthura 6. Adhunika rAjasthAnI kavitA ko terApaMthI santoM kA yogadAna -DaoN0 mUlacanda seThiyA 7. bhikkhu dRSTAnta : eka anuzIlana -sAdhvI kAnakumArI 8. kAlUyazovilAsa : vividha saMgItoM kA saMgama --muni madhukarajI 9. sudarzanacarita meM sudarzana kA caritra citraNa --suzrI niraMjanA jaina 10. AcArya bhikSu kI sAhitya - sAdhanA --sAdhvI candanabAlA pRSTha iii iv x. < vii-xi 1-8 9-41 42--61 6270 71-83 84-92 93 - 101 102 -- 112 119 113--118 - 137

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(xiv) 11. AcArya bhikSu kI kRtiyoM kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana - sAdhvI nirvANazrI 12. upadezaratna kathAkoza : eka vivecana -DaoN0 kiraNa nAhaTA 13. terApaMthI rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA ---DaoN0 paramezvara solaMkI 14. terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI meM anUdita sAhitya -sAdhvI jinaprabhA 15. terApaMtha ke pramukha rAjasthAnI kavi sAdhvI pIyUSa prabhA 16. terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI kaviyoM meM cAritrika saMyojana - DaoN0 lakSmIkAnta vyAsa 17. AcArya bhikSukRta jambUcarita kA sAMskRtika adhyayana --- samaNI sthitaprajJA 18. terApaMtha - prabodha : eka adhyayana - samaNI pratibhAprajJA 19. terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI prabandha-kAvya ---DaoN0 umAkAnta gupta 20. terApaMthI AsthA kI dhuna : 'nandana - nikuJja' ----DaoN0 ena0 ela0 kallA 21. AcAryazrI tulasI viracita 'mANaka - mahimA / aura 'DAlima caritra' meM Avartana ke paridRzya : zailIvaijJAnika saMdRSTi -- DaoN0 kRSNa kumAra zarmA pariziSTa --- lekhaka - paricaya 138 - 142 143 - 152 153-160 161 - 167 168 - 175 176- 184 185-193 194 - 200 201-214 215 - 218 219 - 226 227-228

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI gadya sAhitya terApaMtha kA vipula gadya sAhitya hai / use mukhya rUpa se nimna vidhAoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai 1 khyAta 2 TabbA 3 vArtikAeM 4 rasA kasA 5 huMDI 6 siddhAntasAra 7 marajAdA 8 likhata 9 hAjarI, TahUko 10 uttarAdhikArapatra 11 tattva bodha, bola thokar3A khyAta 12 carcA prasaMga 13 dhyAna 14 kathA-kahAnI 15 parisaMvAda 16 gadya - kavitA 17 saMsmaraNa 18 sikhAmaNa 19 prakIrNa-patra 20 bakhzIsa patra 21 saMdeza - patra Adi muni sukhalAla kevala pratyakSa draSTA ki unake dvArA sau terApaMtha kI 'khyAta' kA vidhivat lekhana caturthAcArya jayAcArya ke yuga meM zurU huaa| isake pramukha srota the munizrI hemarAjajI tathA pramukha lekhaka the munizrI kAlUjI / munizrI hemarAjajI AcArya bhikSu ke na hI the apitu pramukha sahayogI ziSya bhI the / yahI kAraNa hai varSoM ke aMtarAla ke bAda likhe jAne ke bAvajUda bhI Nika dastAveja hai / munizrI kAlUjI ke bAda isake cauthamalajI, munizrI nathamalajI ( yuvAcArya mahAprajJa), munizrI dulaharAjajI tathA munizrI madhukarajI rahe haiM / yaha hai tathA munizrI madhukarajI isa kArya meM vizeSa rUpa se niyukta haiM / yadyapi pichale 35 varSoM meM isakA bhASA - mAdhyama hindI bana gayA hai para 200 varSoM kA terApaMtha kA itihAsa 'khyAta' ke rUpa meM rAjasthAnI bhASA meM hI likhA jAtA khyAta pUrNa rUpa se prAmAlekhaka kramazaH munizrI munizrI dulIcandajI, krama aba bhI cAlU rahA hai| 'khyAta' meM AcAryoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM tathA saMgha kI vizeSa ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hai / pUrA varNana kA~ca kI taraha spaSTa hai / vaha pUrNa prAmANikatA se

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna likhA gayA hai | zAyada hI koI aisA dharma saMgha hogA jo apane itihAsa ko itanA vyavasthita rakha sakA ho| isake saikar3oM saikar3oM hastalikhita pRSTha-patra haiM / yadyapi mukhya rUpa se yaha terApaMtha kI ghaTanAoM se hI AkIrNa hai para prasaMgataH tatkAlIna samAja, rAjanIti, sAhitya tathA sampradAyoM kA bhI isameM ullekha huA hai / TabbA jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA prAkRta hai / rAjasthAnI jAnane vAloM ko lAbhAnvita karane ke lie usa para rAjasthAnI meM Tabbe likhe jAte rahe haiM / eka prakAra se ye zabdArtha tathA bhAvArtha ke mizrita pratirUpa hote haiM / inheM lipibaddha karane kA eka vizeSa krama hotA hai / hastalikhita pratiyoM meM bar3e akSaroM meM eka vizeSa antarAla se sUtra - pATha likhA hotA hai / usa antarAla meM choTe akSaroM meM artha likhA huA hotA hai / jina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko prAkRta kA jJAna nahIM hotA ve aisI pratiyoM kA pravacana ke avasara para upayoga karate haiM / inake par3hane kA bhI eka krama hotA hai / pahale zabda par3hanA tathA phira zabdArtha par3hanA, yaha isakA eka krama hotA hai / AcArya bhikSu ne ThANAM para TabbA likhA hai / jayAcArya ne bhI AcArAMga sUtra para TabbA likhA hai / Apake dvArA likhita Tabbe kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unheM kisI prasaMga meM jahAM bhI koI visaMgati pratIta huI usakA dUsare Agama se nyAya milA kara use spaSTa kiyA hai / vArtikAeM - spaSTatA kI isa vidhA ko vArtikA kahA jAtA hai / na kevala jayAcArya ne apitu aneka granthoM para aneka logoM ne mahatvapUrNa vArtikAeM likhI haiM / aisI saikar3oM saikar3oM vArtikAeM samaya-samaya para likhI jAtI rahI haiM / akele bhagavatI sUtra para saikar3oM mahattvapUrNa vArtikAeM likhI haiM / rasAkasA - rasAkasA eka paribhASika zabda-saMketa haiM / saMskRta meM isakA rUpa rahasyAkarSaNa samajhA jAtA hai / zAstroM meM aise aneka prasaMga haiM jinakA koI spaSTa vidhi-niSedha nahIM hotA / unheM prakaraNa -saMdarbha se hI samajhA jA sakatA hai / aise rahasyapUrNa prasaMgoM ko saMketita karane ke lie 'rasAkasA' ke rUpa meM viSayavAra sUciyA~ banA lI jAtI haiN| jaba bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai una sUciyoM ke AdhAra para mUla pATha se icchita rahasya ko samajha liyA jAtA hai / pUre zAstroM para isa prakAra ke aneka rasAkasA bane hue haiN| ye rasAkasA kisI eka-eka vyakti dvArA nahIM likhe gae haiN| samaya-samaya para aneka sAdhu-saMtoM tathA AcAryoM ne inakI racanA kI hai /

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI gadya - sAhitya huMDI -- huMDayAM eka prakAra se vistRta viSaya sUciyAM haiM / Agama tathA kucha viziSTa viSayoM para aneka huMDiyAM likhI gaI haiM / unake nAma isa prakAra haiM1. nizItha kI huMDI 2. vRhatkalpa kI huMDI 3. vyavahAra kI huMDI 4. bhagavatI kI saMkSipta huMDI 5. bhrama vidhvaMsana kI huMDI ( ina sabake lekhaka jayAcArya haiM ) 6. tIna sau chaha bolAM kI huMDI 7. eka sau ikyAsI bolAM kI huMDI (AcArya bhikSu dvArA ) likhI gaI 8. laMkA mahaMtA kI huMDI 9. purANa kI huMDI bahuta prasiddha hai / siddhAnta sAra terApaMtha ke Adya guru AcArya bhikSu ke sAhitya kA eka bar3A bhAga Agama-granthoM se anuprANita rahA hai / nizcaya hI unakA Agama svAdhyAya atyaMta puSTa thA / jayAcArya ne usake eka-eka saMdarbha kI baDI parizrama pUrNa khoja kI hai| Aja se sau varSa pUrva isa prakAra kI saMdarbhita adhyayana dRSTi apane Apa meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai / siddhAMtasAroM ke do rUpa haiM / eka laghu tathA dUsarA vRhad / unakI sUcI isa prakAra hai--- nava padArtha kI caulI bAra vrata rI kAlavAdI paryAyavAdI maryAdAvalI TIkama DosI nikSepa kI caupaI ekala rI caulI jinAjJA rI potiyAbaMdha " 11 71 " 31 " 32 22 vinIta - avinIta kI caupaI anukampA rI vRtAvrata zraddhA AcAra laghu siddhAMta sAra 11 jinAjJA mithyAtvI "" para siddhAMta sAra ," 33 "" " 23 11 " "" "" "" " 12 " zraddhA rI caupI para siddhAnta sAra vRtAvrata "" " jayAcArya "1 2:3 12 18 11 31 "1 33 " " 23

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vinIta- avinIta ekala tulanAtmaka adhyayana hamAre vartamAna yuga kI eka vizeSa dRSTi hai / caturthAcArya jayAcArya ne Aja se sau varSa pahale hI isake mahatva ko samajha liyA thA / isIlie unhoMne siddhAntasAra ke sAtha-sAtha " Agamika adhikAra" ke nAma se tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dizA meM eka aura sudRr3ha kadama uThAyA thA / unakA yaha grantha pUrA nahIM ho sakA / para yadi pUrA ho jAtA to na kevala hama unake agAdha pAMDitya se hI paricita hote apitu Agama - sAhitya ke bAre meM hameM bahuta sArI gutthiyoM kA bhI samucita uttara mila jAtA / marajAdA terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna "" 11 dharma-sampradAyoM kI upayogitA ko kAyama rakhane ke lie maryAdAoM kA apanA vizeSa sthAna hai| pUrA Agama sAhitya vizeSataH cheda sUtra inhIM vidhiniSedhoM se bhare par3e haiN| AcArya bhikSu se lekara AcArya tulasI taka terApaMtha ke sabhI AcAryoM ne isa mahatva ko AMka kara samayAnusAra aneka maryAdAoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai / unake pacAsoM patra saMgha ke sAhitya bhaNDAra meM surakSita haiM / nizciya hI ina maryAdAoM ne terApaMtha ko spRhaNIya saMgaThana kSamatA pradAna kI hai / ina sabake samucita rUpa ko hI hama terApaMtha kA saMvidhAna kaha sakate haiM / isa dRSTi se tRtIya AcArya rAyacandajI kRta 'pAMca vyavahAra' kRti kA bhI apanA vizeSa mahattva hai / likhata 11 maryAdA kA hI eka dUsarA rUpa hai likhata / maryAdA jahAM AcArya dvArA nirdezita hotI hai vahAM likhatoM para hastAkSaroM ke rUpa meM sadasyoM kI svIkRti aMkita rahatI hai / terApaMtha kA apanA koI vidhivat svIkRta saMvidhAna nahIM hai / samaya-samaya para maryAdAoM tathA likhatoM ke rUpa meM jo vyavasthA ubharI hai vahI isakA saMvidhAna hai / maryAdAmahotsava ke avasara para jo jisa patra kA sArvajanika rUpa se vAcana - paricaya kiyA-karAyA jAtA hai vaha terApaMtha kA sabase pahalA maryAdA -patra hai / vahI isa dharmasaMgha kA apanA sudar3ha merUdaMDa hai / likhata vyaktigata rUpa se bhI hote haiM tathA sAmUhika rUpa se bhI hote haiN| inase terApaMtha ke sAhitya ke saMghIya DhAMce ke vikAsa - vistAra kA bhI saTIka paricaya milatA hai / hAjarI maryAdA kA hI eka tIsarA rUpa hai hAjarI / AcArya bhikSu ne jo maryAdAeM banAI thii| unakA pratidina vAcana karane ke lie jayAcArya ne hAjarI

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI gadya-sAhitya ke rUpa meM unakA eka vidhivata saMkalana kara diyA thA / saba sAdhu-sAdhviyAM unakA pratidina vAcana karate the| unakI saMkhyA 27 hai| TahUko--- maryAdAoM, hAjariyoM ke isa vAcana krama meM samaya-samaya para parivartana hote rahe haiM / kabhI inakA dainika vAcana hotA thA to kabhI saptAha meM do bAra eka bAra tathA pAkSika vAcana bhI hotA rahA hai / jaba isakA dainika vAcana Avazyaka thA to ise AhAra karate samaya bhI. par3hA jAtA thaa| usa samaya isakA nAma TahUkA thA / TahakA kA artha hai koyala kA kUjana / eka saMta TahUkA kA vAcana karatA tathA zeSa sabhI saMta AhAra karate-karate ise sunate jAte the| samaya aura saMgaThana kA yaha eka adbhuta prayoga thA / uttarAdhikArapatra--- terApaMtha kI paramparA meM vartamAna AcArya hI apane bhAvI uttarAdhikArI kA cayana karatA hai| cayana kI isa prakriyA meM uttarAdhikAra-patra kA lekhana bhI eka anivArya paramparA hai / sabhI AcAryoM ne apane uttarAdhikArI kA niyukti patra likhA hai| bakhzIsa-patra ___isake atirikta AcArya sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko bakhzIsa, patra bhI dete the| aise bakhzIsa patroM kA eka bahuta bar3A saMgraha ho sakatA hai| saMdeza-patra AcArya samaya-samaya para apane ziSyoM ko vyaktigata patra, saMdeza patra bhI likhate rahe haiN| unakA bhI eka bar3A saMkalana bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai| __ AcAryazrI tulasI ne munizrI maganalAlajI ko eka khAsa rukkA bhI pradAna kiyA thA jo terApaMtha itihAsa kI eka virala ghaTanA hai / tattvabodha saiddhAntika spaSTatAoM ke lie AcAryoM tathA saMtajanoM ne samaya-samaya para aneka grantha likhe haiM / khaMDana-maMDana kI vidhA meM unheM utkRSTa koTi ke tAtvika grantha kahA jA sakatA hai| unakI sUcI isa prakAra hai 1 bhrama vidhvaMsana 2 saMdeha viSauSadhi 3 jinAjJA mukha maMDana 4 kumati vihaMDana

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna 5 praznottara sArdhazataka 6 castA ratnamAlA 7 bhikkhu pRcchA 8 jhINo jJAna 9 harakhacandajI svAmI kI carcA 10 khulanA bola Adi-Adi bola thokar3A ___ isa viSaya meM bola thokar3oM kA bhI apanA viziSTa mahattva hai / bolathokar3e dravyAnuyoga ke antargata Ate haiM / mUla AgamoM meM isa viSaya meM jo tAtvika prasaMga Ate haiM unheM bola-thokar3oM ke rUpa meM saMgRhIta kara kaMThastha karanekarAne kI puSTa paramparA jaina sampradAyoM meM rahI hai| terApaMtha meM isa saMdarbha meM munizrI hemarAja kRta eka pUrI hastalikhita pustaka thokar3oM se bharI par3I hai| paccIsa bola artha saMgraha, pAnAM rI carcA, guNa ThANA dvAra, saMjayA, nimaMThA, gamA, ikatIsa dvAra, alpAbahuta Adi thokar3e usameM saMgrahIta haiN| ___ inake atirikta AcArya bhikSu dvArA likhita pAMca bhAvAMro thokar3o tathA teraha dvAra kA thokar3A to tattvajJAna kI dRSTi se apUrva thokar3e haiN| unameM sarala vidhi se gahana tattvoM ko atyanta manovaijJAnika tarIke se samajhAyA gayA munizrI hIrAlAlajI kA 52 bolAMro thokar3A bhI bahupracalita thokar3A hai| carcA prasaMga sampradAya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hone ke lie terApaMtha ko bhaneka carcAoM ko aneka ghATiyoM se hokara gujaranA par3atA hai / yadyapi carcAeM prAyaH jayavijaya kI bhAvanA para AdhArita hotI haiM, para unheM "vAde-vAde jAyate tattvabodha'' ke rUpa meM bhI liyA jAtA hai| terApaMtha ke aneka AcAryoM ko carcAoM ke akhAr3e meM utaranA par3A hai| dUradarzitA kI bAta yaha hai ki unheM lipibaddha karake eka cirasthAyI rUpa pradAna kara diyA gayA hai| aisI aneka likhita carcAoM meM se kucha ye haiM TIkama DosI kI carcA jogAM rI carcA sapanAM rI carcA alpamatyAM para carcA maghavAgaNI kI carcA cUrU rI carcA

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI gadya-sAhitya sabhI carcAeM gaharI bauddhika kSamatAoM kI pratIka haiM / inase terApaMtha ke vicAra - darzana ko eka tArkika prakharatA prApta hotI rahI hai / yahI vaha kAraNa hai jisase terApaMtha kI eka vicAratA paripuSTa hotI rahI hai / dhyAna dhyAna mukhya rUpa se prayoga kA viSaya hai / para dhyAna kI vidhi ko kita karane ke lie zabda kA TAiparAiTara bhI Avazyaka hotA hai / jayAcArya tathA munizrI karmacandajI ke dhyAna isa dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiM / kathA-kahAniyAM upadeza - dAna sAdhu - jIvana kA eka abhinna aMga hai / usameM kathAkahAniyoM kA bhI apanA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahatA hai / sabhI dharma-paramparAoM kI taraha jaina dharma kA kathA sAhitya bhI bahuta samRddha hai / terApaMtha ne usa samRddhatA ko aura adhika puSTa kiyA hai / AcArya bhikSu ne jo kahAniyAM likhI haiM ve kathA - sAhitya kI utkRSTa nidhiyAM haiN| unakI kahAniyAM mArmika hone ke sAthasAtha bhASA tathA zilpa kI dRSTi se bhI atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM / jayAcArya kA " kathAratnakoSa" to isa dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa saMgraha grantha hai / lagabhaga 450 kathAoM kA yaha saMgraha rAjasthAnI ke kathAsaMgraha kA amola ratna hai / ina kahAniyoM kA sampAdana DaoN0 kiraNa nAhaTA kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se munizrI kAlUjI kA bhI bahuta bar3A mahatva hai / kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne saikaDoM - saMkar3oM svopajJa kahAniyAM likhI thIM, para kheda kI bAta hai ve surakSita nahIM raha pAI / parisaMvAda dRSTi se pari sva. munizrI kathopakathana ke rUpa meM bhAvoM ko abhivyakti dene kI saMvAda kA eka rUpa ina varSoM meM terApaMtha sAhitya meM ubharA hai / nemIcaMdajI ne bAlopayogI parisaMvAdoM kI dRSTi se kAphI parisaMvAda likhe haiM / " nirmANa ke bIja" meM maiMne bhI kucha parisaMvAda likhe haiM / gadya-kavitA purAne jamAne meM kavitA chandoM ke baMdha se baMdhI huI thI / vartamAna yuga meM kavitA ko bhI gadya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAne lagA hai / isa dRSTi se yuvAcArya zrI ne kucha kavitAeM likhI haiN| muni mohanalAlajI kA 'tatha aura katha' bhI eka sazakta prastuti hai / saMsmaraNa saMsmaraNa sAhitya kI dRSTi se munizrI hemarAjajI dvArA prabodhita

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna tathA jayAcArya dvArA likhita "bhikSu dRSTAMta" na kevala terApaMtha kA hI apitu rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA bhI eka amola ratna hai| thor3e meM bahuta kaha denA, ziSTa-miSTa vyaMgya, zabdoM kA saTIka cunAva Adi bhikSu dRSTAMta kI aneka anupama vizeSatAeM haiN| - isI taraha hema dRSTAMtoM tathA zrAvakAM rA dRSTAMtoM kA saMgraha bhI amUlya kRtiyAM haiN| sikhAmaNa ziSya prabodha kI dRSTi se sikhAmaNa kI eka sIdhI coTa karane vAlI vidhA kA bhI saMgha meM vikAsa huA hai| ataH apane uttarAdhikAriyoM ko sIkha dene kI dRSTi se jayAcArya kI gaNapati sikhAmaNa kRti bhI mahatvapUrNa hai / prakIrNa-patra ina sabake atirikta prakIrNa-patroM ke aneka saMgraha bhI atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM / purAne jamAne meM na to kAgaja itanA sulabha thA aura na likhane kI pravRtti bhI bahuta vikasita thI, para phira bhI saMgha ke aneka sadasyoM ne samayasamaya para apanI kucha anubhUtiyoM kucha smRtiyoM, kucha Adeza-nirdeza choTe-choTe kAgajoM para likha lie the| kucha patra to aise bhI haiM jo do-do cAra-cAra aMgula ke haiM, para una para jo saMdeza aMkita haiM ve bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa haiM / kabhIkabhI to ye cIpa cimaTiye itane mahatvapUrNa bana jAte haiM ki pUrI ghAraNA meM hI parivartana kara dete haiN| aise aneka patra naSTa bhI ho ge| para bace hue patroM ko AcArya tulasI ne saMgrahIta kara unakA nAma prakIrNa-patra de diyaa| sacamuca sAhitya paramparA tathA itihAsa kI dRSTi se unakA bahuta bar3A mUlya hai / isa taraha terApaMthI ke rAjasthAnI gadya-sAhitya para eka saMkSipta paricaya prastuta karate hue maiM apane nibandha para virAma lagAtA hUM, para yaha bhI sahI hai ki anusaMdhAna para kabhI bhI pUrNa virAma nahIM lagAyA jA sktaa| anusaMdhAna kA artha hI hai Age-se-Age jur3ate cale jAnA / AzA hai maiM jo nahIM kaha pAyA hUM Ane vAle loga use aura jor3ane kA prayatna kreNge|

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rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna D DA0 siyArAma saksenA 'pravara' kaI zatAbdiyoM se jana-jana kI bhAvanAoM aura vicAra-saraNiyoM kA vahana aura abhivyaMjana karatI A rahI rAjasthAnI bhASA eka svatvavatI bhASA hai| DiMgala jana-bhASA ke sAtha hI vaicArikoM, dArzanikoM, bhaktoM aura rAjakAjiyoM kI bhI bhASA rahI hai| ataH isameM saMpreSaNa aura abhivyakti kI prabhUta kSamatA hai; aura isa prakAra yaha vicAroM aura anubhUtiyoM ko tIvratA tathA vyApakatA donoM staroM para hRdayaMgAmI banAne meM pUrNatayA sakSama hai| parimANa meM aura guNa meM bhI yaha bhASA paryApta rUpa se samRddha hai / / terApaMtha ke santoM ne bhASA aura sAhitya kI apUrva zrIvRddhi kI hai| unakI sahaja aura ajasra-dhArA-pravAha vANI ne kAvya aura gadya sAhitya kA bhara pUra zRMgAra kiyA hai| unake bhakti-gIta, adhyAtma-pada, stuti kAvya, kathAeM, jIvaniyAM, AkhyAna, saMsmaraNa, aura tattva-nirUpaNa rAjasthAnI bhASA kI sundara nidhi haiM / yaha kAlajayI sAhitya hai, jo apane samAja aura rASTra ko bhI kAlajayI zakti pradAna karatA hai| terApaMthI santoM kI samRddha bhASA anubhUtiyoM kI mArmika abhivyakti karatI hai / tIvratA se pravAhita huI abhivyakti jana-mAnasa meM sahaja rUpa se praviSTa aura saMvAdita hotI hai, aura use Andolita tathA kallolita karatI hai / terApaMthI saMtoM ke sAhitya meM AtmA kI sugaMdha hai, jo bhASA ke mAdhyama se jana-cetanA ko suvAsita aura UrdhvamukhI karatI hai| kisI bhI bhASA kI zabda-sampadA kI samRddhi kA prathama aura pramukha lakSaNa hai usakI saMkhyA kI vizAlatA / usameM zabda itanI adhika saMkhyA meM hoM ki ve vizva bhara meM utpanna kI huI cintana-rAziyoM ke eka-eka sUtra aura vicAra kI pratyeka ikAI ko spaSTatA ke sAtha prakaTa kara sakeM / zabdoM kI dUsarI pramukha vizeSatA honI cAhiye cintanA-vyaktiyoM ko bimbAtmakatA pradAna karane kI kSamatA / bimba-kSamatA prApta karane ke lie zabdoM ko prAyazaHpratIkAtmakatA dhAraNa karanI hotI hai| ataH hRdayaMgAmI pratIkAtmakatA bhASA kI tIsarI pramukha vizeSatA hai / terApaMthI kAvya meM yaha bahuta-kucha dikhAI detI hai| bhASA kI cauthI vizeSatA hotI hai zabdoM kI artha-vaizadyakAriNI pryaay-bhultaa| isake sahayoga se bhASA artha-vicchitiyoM kI bahuraMgI bhaMgimA dhAraNa

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna karatI hai, aura bhASikoM tathA bhASAvidoM kA kaNThahAra banatI hai / terApaMthI kaviyoM kI rAjasthAnI bhASA saMskRta aura prAkRta kaviyoM kI utkRSTa zabdAvali se vyutpanna aura samIkRta hone se paryAya-bAhulya-kRta artha-vaizadya pradarzita karatI hai / bhASA kI pAMcavIM vizeSatA hai usakI AdAna-kSamatA, jisake bala para vaha apanA kSetra vistRta karatI hai, aura artha kI nayI-nayI avAptiyoM aura naye-naye AyAmoM ko apanA banAtI calatI hai / terApaMthI sAhitya AdAna ke dvArA samRddha ho rahA hai| yahAM taka to zabdoM kI bAta hai| isase Age, zabdoM ke prayoga kA kSetra hai / prayoga-kSetra meM Akara zabda vAkya-saMracanA ke aMga-rUpa meM parilakSita hote haiM, jisase eka hI kathana vividha arthoM ko dhvanita karatA hai, tathA sandarbha-vizeSa se apanA anukUlana karatA huA usa sthiti-vizeSa ko sAmAnyIkRta banAkara usakI mUlabhUta vaicArikatA ko, tathA usa vaicArikatA ke vividha AyAmoM ko jIvanta rUpa meM pallavita aura prasphuTita karane lagatA hai| bhASA kI yaha dhvanyAtmakatA kAvya kA to hArda hI hai, AkhyAna Adi meM bhI artha-gAMbhIrya kA srota banatI hai| terApaMthI santa-kAvya meM aise artha-gAMbhIrya ke puSkala udAharaNa dikhAyI dete haiN| isI ke sAtha zabdoM kI saMgIta-mayatA bhI eka tattva hai jo bhASA ko cArutva-sampanna karatA hai, aura usakI saMpreSaNa-kSamatA meM atizaya vaddhi karatA hai| terApaMthI santa saMgIta ke kSetra meM bhI agraNI haiN| AcAryoM ne pAMca sau se adhika rAga-rAginiyoM meM racanA kI hai / saMgIta kA aisA vibhutva aura vistAra anyatra gocara nahIM hotaa| uparyukta ina saba tattvoM ke milita sahayoga se bhASA ko pAragAmitA prApta hotI hai| kintu aisA tattva-saMyojana hara kisI ke bUte kI bAta nahIM hai / isake lie bhASA-prayoktA meM manana, saMdhAraNa aura prajJAna-pratiphalana kI paryApta kSamatA honA apekSita hai| ina kSamatAoM ko hama kramazaH mati, dhI (buddhi) aura prajJA saMjJAoM se abhihita karate haiM / mati aura dhI kI yojanA bhASA ko yathArtha-avabodha ke sannikaTa le jAtI hai, aura taba prajJA hamArI cetanA ko satya meM antaniviSTa karAtI hai| yaha tattva kA pAradarzana hai, jisakA mAdhyama prajJA hai / antaniveza karAne vAlI hone se, tathA cetanA kI svakIya Antavastu hone ke kAraNa prajJA ko 'antardRSTi' ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| zabdoM kA aisI antardRSTi se sampanna honA bhASA kA parama vaizadya hotA hai| terApaMthI kAvya saMta-kAvya hai, ataH antarda STimaya bhI hai| terApaMthI sAhitya ne rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA meM vipula vRddhi kI hai| akele jayAcAryajI ne hI dasa sahasra se adhika zabda usameM jor3e haiN| anya AcAryoM, muniyoM aura kaviyoM kA etad viSayaka yogadAna bahuta bar3A hai / una

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rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna sabakI rAjasthAnI zabdAvali milakara to ativizAla rAzi ho jAtI hai / ye zabda saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM evaM urdU, aMgrejI Adi se liye gaye haiN| jaise kavicanda kA pRthvIrAja rAso, SaDbhASA-samanvita hone se sampUrNa deza meM samAdRta huA, vaise hI terApaMthI kAvya, vizeSataH santa jayAcArya aura AcArya tulasI kA kAvya sarvajana-samAdaraNIya bana gayA hai| saMskRta to rAjasthAnI Adi sabhI bhAratIya bhASAoM kA mUlAdhAra hai| ataH saMskRta ke zabda to rAjasthAnI meM pracura saMkhyA meM haiM hI / saMta jayAcArya ke samAna hI AcArya tulasI ne bhI apane rAjasthAnI kAvya meM saMskRta-zabdAvali kA prayoga sarvatra aura bAhulyapUrvaka kiyA hai| isase unakI racanAeM sAre deza meM subodhya ho gayI haiM, aura terApaMthI rAjasthAnI kAvya ko rASTra-vyApakatA prApta ho gayI hai| terApaMthI kAvya meM bahu prayukta saMskRta-zabdAvali bahuta vizAla hai| ataH saMskRta zabdoM ko pRthakza: batAnA nirarthaka prayAsa pratIta hotA hai| phira bhI terApaMthI sAhitya meM prayukta aise kucha saMskRta zabda yahAM diye jA rahe haiM, jinakA prayoga sAmAnyataH hindI yA rAjasthAnI meM kama hI hotA hai| aise zabdoM ke prayoga se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki terApaMthI sAhityakAra rAjasthAnI bhASA ko samRddha karane meM kitane tatpara haiM / vizeSa saMskRta-zabdaaMgaja (putra) abhyasta adehI ambhoja-kamala adhama araNya adharIkRta --nirAkRta avyaya ananya-asAdhAraNa Akasmika anavadya-doSarahita AkAra anIti Akroza anutApa-tApa-santApa AkhaNDala-indra antarAla Atapatra apalaka AturatA apratighAta AdhivyAdhi apratibaddha AdhyAtmika apratima ArAma-vATikA apratihata AzA kA AsAra abhimAna AzI-viSa

Page #27
12 AsphAlita ujjvalatA--- surasaritA utkarSa uttejita utthAna-patana udanta -- - vRttAnta upakaMTha - nikaTa upadhAta - takiyA upavAsa uvAca UhApoha karuNArdra kaladhauta kalAnidhi kAkiNI kimpAka kUpa - bhekatA krUratA kSamatA gIrvANI citra-vicitra chidrAnveSI jaMgama jijIviSA jijJAsA turaMgama tribhuvanatrayI diGmUr3ha dordaNDa dhUli - dhUsarita pathya paraghAtI pApa bhItA terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna pizitAzI pratisrota pratyupakAra pravAsa bahuzruta brAhmI bhagavaccaraNa bhAvanA bhaiSajya bhogarasika bhogI mattamataMga manasA mAna mAyA mRti vapuSA vAcA vAnta (vamana kiyA huA) vAmA vAstavikatA vitatha vidrUpa vizruta viSamatA vihaga vyavadhAna zalya saMzaya samAdhAna skandhAvAra skhalanA sthAvara sveda hRdaya pa-vidAra

Page #28
rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna kahIM-kahIM to terApaMthI kaviyoM ne saMskRta ke zabda vibhakti sahita grahaNa kara liye haiN| isase bhI unakI rAjasthAnI bhASA ko garimA aura udAttatA prApta huI hai| draSTavya hai AcArya tulasI ke kAvyoM se kucha udAharaNa:---- 'prabhutA rI parAjaya' meM punarapi vastrAbharaNe / 'kumhArI rI karAmAta' meM--- punarapi jananaM punarapi maraNam / 'sapanai rai saMsAra' meM iSTadeva, devAdhideva ! mAM pAhi / yUyaM vayaM / rudatI sudtii| 'samatA ro samandara' meM - eSaH / 'patajhar3a meM vasanta' meM--- anyAyImAyI mAMsAzI mdpaayii| uttiSThata ! 'karai jisyo bharai' meM ayi pativrate ! kahIM-kahIM aisI vAkya-racanA milatI hai jisameM rAjasthAnI kA ekAdha laghu zabda hotA hai, zeSa saba kucha saMskRta-niSTha hai| isase aise vAkyoM ko saMskRta, hindI yA rAjasthAnI kisI bhI bhASA kA kahA jA sakatA hai / AcArya tulasI ke kAvyoM se kucha udAharaNa yahAM diye jA rahe haiM'prabhutA rI parAjaya' meM-- dharma ko mUla vinaya avadhAra / kSAnti, mukti aru Arjava mArdava cyAra mokSa kA dvAra // avinaya vipadA, vinaya sampadA, Agama vAkya udAra / pravara preraNAdAyI bodha-vidhAyI tribhuvana traayii| prabala manoratha 'bharata-bAhubala' Antara anusaMdhAyI / / 'kumhArI rI karAmAta' meM pravacana vadana ghanAghana ghana pIyUSa-varSiNI vaannii| zAsana zoSaNa, parijana parajana, dArA sukha kI kaaraa| vinaya viveka vicAra meM AcAra kriyA meM dakSa / samatA meM ramato rahai adhyAtma-sAdhanA lakSa / jana-saMkula mRgavana ArAma / / pratidina apratihata gatI muni pratibaddha samIra / patha-zrama pathya-abhAva tUM hai rogAkrAnta zarIra / / 'samatA ro samandara' meM - janmAntara saMskArI pratipala tatpara pApa-pralaya meM / /

Page #29
terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna 'patajhaDa meM vasanta' meM--- anyAyI mAyI mAMsIzI madapAyI // lAbhAlAbha aura sukha-duHkha meM, stuti-niMdA jIvana-mRti sukha meM, sama apamAna-mAna saMnyAsI / / 'bharI javAnI A kurbAnI' meM kAma bhoga kimpAka phalopama, zalya kAma hai AzI-viSa sama / binA prayatna parama guru vANI, baNI svayaM varadAna re, dhara dhyAna re / / 'dizA hI badalagI' meM ___ iha bhava taja parabhavika pipAsA // terApaMthI sAhitya meM prAkRta bhASA ke bhI bahuta se zabda aMgIkRta hue haiM / udAharaNArthaakhama-akSama Rkha-RSi akhudra-akSudra guNaThANo---Atma-vistAra kI bhUmikA arihaMta-tIrthakara jo cAra ghAti colapaTTa---muniyoM kA adhovastra karmoM kA kSaya kara dete haiN| bhante-sambodhana alakha-alakSya zrAya-dharmazAlA alujjha---ulajha zrAvaka-AsthAzIla vratacArI / AcArya tulasI ke kAvya meM uddhata prAkRta ke kucha udAharaNa'kumhArI rI karAmAta' meM aimaMtA jiivjshaa| ahAsuhaM / saMjama tapasA appANaM bhAvemANe / sukkajhANaM tariyA / 'samatA ro samandara' meM aimuttA / attA kattA vikttaa| tahatti bhagavana ! tahatti bhagavana ! bhikkhu paDimA 'patajhar3a meM vasanta' meM-- amAri paDaha / pjuussnn| 'dizA hI badalagI' meM-mattheNa vandAmi / seNiyA (zreNika)

Page #30
rAjasthAnI zabda - sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna 'saradhA se sabUta' meM- namotthuNaM samaNassa bhagavao ! nhAe kaya balikamme / pammedar3ha me / anyatra anAkramaNa aniketa aniyatAcArI - ahA suhaM ( yathA sukham ) unmajjA tassa dullahA (unmajjanaM tasya durlabham ) -Adi / isI krama meM terApaMthI sampradAya ke pAribhASika zabdoM ko bar3I saMkhyA meM prayukta kara rAjasthAnI zabda bhaMDAra kI zrIvRddhi kI gayI hai / sAhitya meM prayukta katipaya pAribhASika zabda draSTavya haiM- akarma antazcetanA antaHzalya apachandA-- svacchaMdAcArI apayoga -- pratikUla graha-nakSatra kA yoga ajarAmara pada aTThAI - aSTAhnika parva paryuSaNa kA prathama dina / aNagAra- :- anAgAra aNuvrata atikramaNa anazana - upavAsa Adi tapasyA antarjAgaraNA antarjyoti antarmukhatA devAppiyA (devAnupriya ) tor samikee (prajJAM samIkSe ) patteyaM sAyaM, patteyaM veyaNA ( AtmanaH sukhaM, AtmanaH vedanA ) mA paDibaMdha kareha (mA pratibandhaM kuruSva ) saMpakkhae apagamappaeNaM / anujJA anuprekSA anekAnta antaraMga - AhlAda - svAda antarAya apAna aprakampa apratikarma apramAda abhayavRtti abhigraha abheda dRSTi amutra - paraloka arihanta 15 avagraha-yAcanA avasarpiNI azauca bhAvanA aSTa agha aSTaka occha

Page #31
16 ahiMsA - aNuvrata Atma-ArAdhanA Atma- gupta Atma-ramaNa AtmalIna sAdhanA Atmastha AtmArAma AdhyAtmika ullAsa antara- - anusaMdhAyI Antara- parivartana AmiSa Ayambila Arjava Arta- gaveSaka Azrava utpatha- padanyAsa utsarga utsarpiNI upAzraya upAsaro ubhayAnukampitA UrdhvArohaNa ekAtma eSaNA karapAtrI karaNI hai bharaNI karma-kaTaka soM yuddha karmavAda kaSAya kaSAya - visarjana kAmaNagArI kAyakleza kAyika dhyAna kAyotsarga terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna kAyotsargadhArI kAyotsargI kRta karaja kevalajJAna kevala jyoti kevalanANI (kevalajJAnI) kevala bhukti kevalI keza- loca kSaNa-nazvara kSamA-zramaNa kSayopazama- cAra ghAti karmoM kI sAkSAt phalAnubhUti kA abhAva kSINAvaraNI khamatakhAmaNA - kSamA mAMganA aura denA khAyaka- kSAyaka : samyaktva, samyaka dRSTikoNa jo kabhI viparIta nahIM hotA / gaNadharma saMgha gaNI AcArya gati gAthA - dharmasaMgha kI kalpita mudrA guru guru-caraNa-zaraNa gocarI karanA graMthi-bhedana caMDa cau vihAra-cAra prakAra kA bhojana khadima aura anna, svAdima | caramocchava carAcara peya,

Page #32
rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna 17 cidAnanda deharAvAsI-mUrtipUjaka cidAnandamaya jainoM kA eka sampradAya cinmaya deha vyutsarga, deha vyutsarjana-- chanda zava kA visarjana janmAntara-saMskArI dehI japa dogundaka deva jaya jinendra dravyAthika jiNa-saMkAzA-tIrthaMkara ke samAna dharma-dhAraNA jinadharma dharmadhvaja jinamata dhyAna jainAgama dhyAnI joga- munidharma kI dIkSA navabAr3a-brahmacarya rakSA jhAjhA jholI ke lie nirdhArita nava sUtratathAgata ekAntasthAnasevana, vikathAtanmaya parihAra, eka Asana varjana, tapobala dRSTi-saMyama, khAdya-peya-saMyama, tAtkAlika bhojana-parityAga, vibhUSAtAmasa parivarjana / tiryaJca nija-anusaMdhAna tIna tattva niraMjana tIratha-dharmasaMghaH sAdhu, sAdhvI, niraticArI zrAvaka aura zrAvikA niradhaMdha tIrthaMkara nirAkara kAlika nirupAdhika thANo-sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA sthiravAsa nirgrantha damIzvara-damanazIla vyaktiyoM kA nirgranthatA aguaa| niyuktikAra dayA nizcaya naya digambara nevaja-naivedya, pUjA-sAmagrI duHkha narmAlya-kUpa durabhisaMdhi nokAra-navakAra maMtra duritakhapAvo paMcabhUta

Page #33
terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna paMcama ArA-avasaNiNI aura pAMca aNuvrata utsaNiNI kAla kA eka vibhAga pAraNA-upavAsa Adi tapasyA kA eMcama gati samApana / paMcama guNa ThANI pAvasa-cAturmAsa paMca mahAvrata pitavANI paMcAcArI puNyabandha----zubhakarma kA bandhana / paMcendriya prANI puruSArthavAda paMDitamaraNa, paMDitamRti-saMyama- pUMjanI-rajoharaNI pUrvaka samAdhi-maraNa pUja-AcArya pakkhI- pakSa kA vaha dina jaba pAkSika pUrNa ahiMsA pratikramaNa kiyA jaataahai| paudgalika sukha pachevar3I --sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA uttarIya praNidhi-nirmala cetanA ke samaya hone vastra / vAlI sthirtaa| pjuvaas-upaasnaa| pratikramaNa pratyanIka paDikkamaNa-jaina-muniyoM kI Alo pradakSiNA canA-vidhi / pramArjana paDilehaNa--sAdhuoM ke nizrita vastra, pravacana pAtra Adi kA nirIkSaNa krnaa| pravRtti-citta kI nirmalatA kA pada-ArAdhI autsukya-rahita AcaraNa / pada-nirapekSa --nirAzaMsI prANAyAma parakhadA-pariSad prAtibha prajJAna--pratibhA kI vizeSa paratakha-pratyakSa sphuraNA; matijJAna kA eka paramArtha prkaar| parama samAdhi prAsuka eSaNIya paripAka prekSAdhyAna parInirvANa prekSA prerita / parISaha-saMyama mArga meM samAgata bAraha vrata-jaina zrAvaka kI AcArakaSTa / sNhitaa| paryAyAthika bArA-mRtyu ke bAda bArahaveM dina paryupAsanA hone vAlI laukika vidhi / paryu (yU) SaNa parva-jainadharma kA bArI-sAmUhika kAryoM kA krama / aSTAhnika parva / beharaNo-bhikSA lenA

Page #34
rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna beharAvaNo-bhikSA denA mUlottara duussnn| brahmacarya-AtmaramaNa, vasti-saMyama / yAvatkathika deha-vyutsarjana / bhagatI -Atithya; atithi sAdhu- rAga sAdhvI ko AhAra-pAnI lAkara rAma / denA / lAMchanA bhava-janma loluptaa| bhava-bAdhA vaMcanA bhava-bhIru vikathA bhavAmbudhi vinivartanA bhavijIva vibhutA bhAta-pANa-AhAra-pAnI vibhUti bhAvopakrama-abhiprAya jAnane kA vimala viveka upaay| virakti bhASA-samiti-doSa-rahita bhASA kA virAga pryog| vivazatA bheda-dRSTi viSaya-varjana bhaikSava zAsana vItarAgatA bhogaaytn--shriir| vIra darzana maMgalIka-zAstroM ke kucha maMgala- vRtti sUkta / vedanIya karma maMDI-zava-yAtrA kA vimAna / matA-sampadA / vrtdhaarii| mana-gamatI-manonukUla zikSAdvaya mamakAra ziralaMcana mahApaMtha zukla dharma mahAyAna mArdava zrAmaNya mAsa-khamaNa --eka mAsa kA upavAsa / zrAvaka mithyAtvI saMkalaka mukhapati-jaina muniyoM kA eka upa- saMkleza karaNa jo mukha para bAMdhA jAtA saMgama samatA saMghIya surakSA munivara saMcita karmAzrita vyutsarga zoNita

Page #35
terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna sAtA saMvedanA saMzI-jJAna vAlA saha-astitva saMdhi sAta sikhAvata saMyama saMvara-saMyama sAtoM vyasana sAmAcArI saMsaraNa sAmAyaka saMsAra sAmAyika samakita sAra sAraNA-vivAraNA samatAdhArI sAvadha pravRtti samatA meM ramamANa siMghAr3o samatA rasa raMgI siddha samanana sthavira samanvaya syAdvAda samarasa vRti sva-para-nirmANa samavartIpana svAti samavasaraNa svAtma-niyantrI samavasar2yA svAdhyAya / samAdhi hAra / samAdhimRtyu terApaMthI rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM, Adhunika kAla meM pracalita hue vizeSa hindI zabdoM kA bhI samAveza ho rahA hai / aise sahasroM zabda haiM / udAharaNa ke lie kucha zabda dekhiye---niSedhAjJA, palAyanavAda, dhUmrapAna (dhUmapAna) Adi / __urdU (arabI, phArasI, turkI) kI zabda-rAzi grahaNa karake bhI terApaMthI kAvya ne rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA meM prabhUta vRddhi kI hai / terApaMthI kAvya meM prayukta urdU zabdoM meM se kucha nIce diye jA rahe haiM :agara asalI ajaba AjAda ajamAvo Adata adala Adama aphasosa Aphata aramAna Aba asara Amada

Page #36
rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMga kA yogadAna AlIzAna AvAja ikatArI-tallInatA ikarAra-vAyadA ijjata ijjata-AbarU inAyata (kRpA, puraskAra) insApha kadama kadImI (caraNoM kA) kabUla kamajora kamanasIba kamAla kamI kamobeza kAyala kArakhAnA kArIgara kAza kismata kImata kohinuur| khabara khabaradArI kharAbI khAmI khAmoza kha zakhabarI kha zahAla kha ziyAM kha zI-khuzI khaba khara khyAla ruvArI gajaba gandagI gamI garmI gavAhI gAphila gunaha, gulaz2Ara guladastA gulAbI gaura cApalUsI cAbuka cugala coja / laa| jaMgala jabara javarI jabAna khAlI jabAnI khAsI khadA jabta jamAta jamI kha lAsA

Page #37
22 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna dilagIra dilajamI dilAsA duniyA duniyAdArI duzmana doz2akha daulata / najara jarA z2arUrI javAnI jahara jindagI judA jurma jevara jokhima joma jora joza joza-kharoza jyAdaH / takadIra takadIra sikandara tavAhI tamIja tAkIda tAbedArI tAlAba-saM. tAla tUphAna teja taura-tarIke dara-dara darakAra daravAjA dariyA dardI dArUkhora dAvedArI dimAga dila najArA nAja nAjuka nArAjI nuur| pIkadAnI / phariyAda phirkaa| bagAvata badanAma badabU banda bandagI barakata bahAra bAga bAgaDora bAjI bilakula bImArI bekAra begArI berAjI

Page #38
rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna bezarmI behAla behoza / magarUra magarUrI rUbarU (Amane-sAmane) roj| lAza lau| majabUta vAha-vAha / zarAba zarAbI zarma zarmindagI zahanAI zahara zAna zAyada zAha zAhI zikAyata zikAra zera shor| maz2abUtI maz2abUrI maMjUra matalaba manamojI manAhI mastI-saM. mattatA mahaphila mahara maharabAnI mahala mahasUsa mAta mAphI munIma muphta muzkila musIbata mauja maujI mauta / yAda / raga-raga rajA rayyA rAjI rivAja sakhta saMgIna saphAI salAma syAhI sAjiza sAhibI siinaajorii| hakadAra haz2Ara hamadardI hamezA

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24 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna harAma hidAyata hastI himmata hAlata hoza / aMgrejI zabdoM ko bhI terApaMthI kAvya ne, aura adhikAMzataH gadya ne, aMgIkAra kiyA hai| terApaMthI kAvya meM prayukta aMgrejI zabdoM meM se kucha yahAM diye jAte haiM :alamArayAM bAbU rUma pulisa bImA zaoNla phAiloM botala sIz2ana philma mArkeTa sIna (dRzya) phIsa minaTa hoNl| terApaMthI kAvya rAjasthAnI mAravAr3I bhASA meM hai| phira bhI, usameM rAjasthAnI ke katipaya viziSTa zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai, jo draSTavya hai :-- a~valI sa~valI-ulTI-sIdhI anajala-----bhojana-pAnI agavANI-svAgata, agragaNya anopa-anupameya agAU---pahale se abIMha-nirbhaya agAr3I-Age ambariyo-AkAza acaMpalo alakha-jisakI kalpanA na ho| ajoga -ayogya alapabhaNI --kama zikSita aTAvarI--joradAra alasAga---"alasya aThI vaThI-idhara-udhara alUjhaNA-ulajhanA aDANe -giravI asavAra azvavAra, ghur3asavAra aDIka-pratIkSA AMdhApaNo aDolA-sUnA Abhai--saM abhre-A- abhbha aNakhANI-asuhAnI AkhANa aNakhAvaNA-asuhAvanA idhako-saM. --e aNakhAvaNUM-anakhanA, ujAsa braja-a unhA-garma aNagamo-aprasannatA unhAlo-grISma Rtu aNater3I-binA bulAI huI uparanta-pratikUla aNahada-anAhada, asIma upAsarA--mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya ka' atare-isa bIca meM dharma-sthAna ateDyo umAyor3A-umar3e hue

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rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna umhAvo cAtara-catura ulAhaNo citarAma ullaMTha--AgrahI ciracyor3I-carcita UMDo-gaharA caubhaMgI Ujalo-ujjvala jamAro-janma UNo-saM Una, nyUna jANa--pitavANa ekaTha-saMgaThana jAjhA-jAbha er3acher3a-orachora joNI-yoni ogAja-garjanA jhalakai oghA--rajoharaNa jhelyo ocATa-asthiratA, AturatA TaMkIjyo opanA-suzobhita honA TAbara oparI chAyA-bhUtapreta kA prabhAva Thavakai bhosara mosara-mRtyu bhoja DaMkIjyo ohar3A-uttara DAvar3o kaccha kaTanA--jar3a mUla se ukhAr3anA taraNATo kajiyA rAr3a---kadAgraha, lar3AI-jhagar3A tivAra-tyauhAra kaTabI-nindAtmaka dhaNiyApa kar3I-zRMkhalA nAnar3iyo kana-nikaTa to-nimaMtraNa, nyautA kabAr3o-DhoMga pagothyAM kalapAnA-vyathita karanA padharAsyo kAlajo-kalejA, hRdaya / pisatAbo-pachatAvA-pazcAttApa kucamAdI-vijJAna pucchAcchoe kor3A-karor3oM pUga gyA---pahuMca gaye koryor3I-korI huI mUrti peDyA-paiDiyAM-sIr3hiyAM khiNa-kSaNa po'ra-prahara khIrA-aMgAre posAla kheDyo phaMpheryo gahalIz2a phUlaghANanA-asthi visarjana karanA gulagulATa phosaro gailo-gaila bakhAMNa cannaNa--candana baMjarabaTTa

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26 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna bayAgaTa-banAvaTa sacakArI bAyar3a Abo sarIsA--sarisa balada-baila sAgai-sAtha biraMga sAdAvai bIrA suNaNAro vhAvar3I-lauMTI . seMcanaNa-siMcana masosIjatA--masosate hue seja-zayyA muNDAga-~~-muNDa agre (a) saiMdhApaNa melo maMDyo sainANa--saMjJAna maikatA--mahakate syAMcyoI rUM rUM-roma-roma syANo rUvAlI-romAlI hicakolai lAgI ke lyAUM hUMsa-manahUsa lAya-Aga heja vRttaMta-ghaTanA hotv-bhvitvy| yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki terApaMthI sAhitya meM vibhinna bhASAoM se zabda liye mAtra nahIM gaye haiM, unakA samupayukta saMskAra bhI kiyA gayA hai| yaha saMskAra kaI prakAra kA hai| prathama hai anya bhASAoM ke zabdoM ko rAjasthAnI sAMce meM DhAlanA / yathA-saMskRta 'diGmUr3ha' kA 'digmUr3ha, 'akSudra' (prA. akhudda) kA 'akhudra', hindI 'hokara' kA 'ha'ra', prAkRta 'alujjha' kA 'ulajha', paMjAbI 'zAsaNadA' aura 'baNadA' (banatA hai) ko inhIM rUpoM meM grahaNa karanA tathA urdU kA 'lavAjamA' kA 'lakajamo' banA lenA, aadi| isI prakAra anya bhASAoM ke zabdoM ko rAjasthAnI rUpa diyA gayA hai / saMskRta, urdU, hindI ke udAharaNa yahAM diye jAte haiM / dekhiyerAjasthAnI meM rUpAntarita saMskRta zabdaagana sinAna-agni snAna adhavasAya-adhyavasAya aNagArI-anAgAra aMdhAro-aMdhakAra aNabUjha-abUjha-abudhya aMtarajAmI-aMtaryAmI aNabhUtI-anubhUti aMtarikha-aMtarikSa aNabhUtyAM-anubhUtiyA~ aparamAda-apramAda aNabhai-abhaya amarita-amRta aNalAdhyai---alabdha amAvasa-amAvasyA adITha-adRSTa arathakAra-- arthakAra

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rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna 27 arahata--arhanta ahiMsyA-ahiMsA AMkhyAM-akSi AMgaNe-aMgaNe AMtara-antare Akar3o-Aka Akarati--AkRti Akala bAkala-akala vikala AkhaDaNlU-AkhaNDala, indra Atama-Atma AtamagilAnI-AtmaglAni Ada-anAda-Adi-anAdi Adarasa-Adarza Asagati-Asakti AsatA, AsathA-AsthA Asaro-Azraya icaraja-acaraja--Azcarya imarata-amRta isar3o-IdRza Isavara-Izvara ujalI-ujjvala utaSa-uttapta udAraNa- udAharaNa upacArika-aupacArika osANa-avasAna-arthAntara kaThaNa-kaThina katha-kathya kalapanA kalpanA kalapa biracha-kalpavRkSa kAjala-kajjala kAdo-kardama kAmadheNu-kAmadhenu kAmala-kambala kAlUsa-kAluSya kirodha-krodha kilyAna--kalyANa kurakhetara-kurukSetra khiNa-kSaNa khamatA--kSamatA khIra-kSIra khAMdho-kaMdhA-skaMdha giraha-graha ciMtaNA-cintanA cimatkArI-camatkArI cetaNa-cetana cetaNA-cetanA choNo zAvaka jatAtatha-yathAtathya jathAratha-yathArtha jalapanA-jalpanA jalama-janma jalamai-janme jAtarA--yAtrA joga-yoga jogI-yogI joNI-yoni jota--jyoti tatakhiNa-tatkSaNa tatha-tathya taMtara-maMtara-taMtra maMtra taraMgaNI-taraMgiNI tirapati--tRpti tirasaNA--tRSNA tilamAta-tilamAtra tIratha-tIrtha tIrathAM-tIrthAni

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28 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna tIsa-tRSayA, tRSA thala-sthala darapaNa--darpaNa darapI-dI dAkhAM-drAkSAH digabharasa-digbhrama dizAbharama-dizAbhrama dITha-dRSTi duMda--dvandva duvAra-dvAra dveta-dvaita dhaNakha--dhanuSa dhaNiyApa dhina-dhanya dhUNadhANI dhUla-dhUli nakhatara-nakSatra nicita-nizcita nidarA-nidrA nipaMkha-niSpaMkha-niSpakSa niraNAyaka-nirNAyaka niradaMda-nirdvandva niradoSa-nirdoSa nirabalatA-nirbalatA nisca-nizcaya nisThAvAM-niSThAH nUo-nava nema-niyama neha-sneha naiNa-nayana naiNAM-nayanAni pakaphala-pakvaphala pakha--pakSa parakaratI-prakRti parakAsa-prakAza paragaTyA--prakaTita, prakaTe paraNAma --pariNAma paratichabi-praticchavi paratimA--pratimA paratIta-pratIta paramAda--pramAda paramesara-paramezvara parAkarama-parAkrama parAthanAM-prArthanA parAlabdha-prArabdha pavitara-pavitra pAkhI-pakSI puna--puNya pUrati-pUtti pokha-poSa, poSa, pauSya paurakha, paurukha-pauruSa prAzcita--prAyazcitta pharasa-sparza bikhai--viSaya bijogI-viyogI virathA-vRthA birama--brahma biramakhIra-brahmakSIra biramAMDarA-brAhmANDa kA visa-viSa bisavAsa-vizvAsa visesa-vizeSa visesaNa-vizeSaNa bedhasAlA---vedhazAlA belA-velA bhagata-bhakta

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rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna bharata-bhRta bhai--bhaya bhoma-bhUmi macha-matsya madha-madhya minakha, manakha-manuSya mimatA--mamatA miraga---mRga mirata- mRta mugatA-muktA mugati-mukti mudarA-mudrA muMDai---muMDe momAkhI-madhumakSikA ragata--rakta ragatasosa-raktazoSaka ratana-ratna rahasa-rahasya riNa-RNa ruta---Rtu lAlasyA-lAlasA lubadha - lubdha vaNarAya - vanarAji varacas-varcas vida--vadi vibhagati --vibhakti virati-vRtti viratyAM-vRttI:, vRttiyAM zAsatAM-zAstA saMsakiratI---saMskRti saMsai-saMzaya saMsparasa-saMsparza sagalA-sakala sata-satya sapanAM-svapnAni sapanUM-- svapne sabadajAla-zabdajAla sabhAva-svabhAva samadITha-samadRSTi saradhA-zraddhA sarAdha-zrAddha . sarUpadarasaNa-svarUpa-darzana sastara---zastra sAsatara-zAstra sAsavata-zAzvata siMjhyA--saMdhyA sirIkisana-zrIkRSNa sisTI-sRSTi sIkAra-svIkAra sIla-zIla sIhodara-sahodara sutaMtara-svataMtra sumaraNa-smaraNa suvaraNa-svarNa suvArathI-svArthI sUla-zUla sesaloyaNa- sahasralocana, indra sodha-zodha syApa-zApa hiyo----hRdaya hiMsyA-hiMsA hotaba-bhavitavya /

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30 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna rAjasthAnI meM rUpAMtarita kucha hindI zabdaaNabaNa-anabana pothA piMData-pothI-paMDita khAMdho-kandhA -pustaka paMDita khaMDara---khaMDahara pichatAsI--pachatAya gA ceto-ceta, cetanA pisatAvai-pachatAtA hai cuNotyAM-cunautiyA~ pairyo--pahare, pahane hue cauraste~-caurAhe maikatA--mahakate jalamyo-janmA mhAropaNa- merApana jhyAjhyA-jhAMyajhAMya rayaNa-raina, rajanI rAcya-rAMce- raMjita jhukaNU-jhukanA raitA-rahatAM-rahate dopAra-dopahara raito-rahatA dopArAM--dopaharI meM sapanUM-sapanA-svapna dopArI-dopaharI, dupaharI sIkAr2yA jAvai-svIkAra kiyA jAya pagathalyAM--pagataliyA~ sIdAI-sidhAI papaiye-papIhe huuN'r-hokr| rAjasthAnI meM rUpAMtarita kucha urdU zabda--- akala-- akala kaMca-kUce, galI andarUNI--andarUnI khajAno-khajAnA ajamAsI-AjamAyegA khAkha-khAka arajI-arjI khAtara --- khAtira Akhira-AkhIra khAtarI-khAtirI, khAtiradArI imAratAM-imAratoM khAmoSaNI-khAmozI isArai-izAre khukhArAM-kha ru vAroM umarAva--umarA khuda'ra ahama----kha dI aura aham Umara--umra garajI-garjI okAta-aukAta garama-garma kamabesI-kamobeza garamI--- garmI kamINo-kamInA garIbAM--garIboM karaja-karja. gumAstA-gumAztA kasUra-kusUra gairI---gaharI kurbANa--kurbAna ceharai---cehare

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rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna jagyA-jagahoM nijara-naz2ara jabAM khAtarI-jabAMkhAtirI nijoM -naz2areM svanirmita zabda-samAsa nizANI-nizAnI jamAkhAtarI-jamAkhAtirI nisANyAM-nizAniyAM / jamAro-janma paicANa-pahacAna / jAba-javAba phakhata-phaka ta morasora-jorazora phajIta-phajIhata jyAja-jahAja phandai-phande jyAdA-jyAdaH pharaja-pharja. jyAna-jAna pharajana-pharajada jhyAna-jahAna pharamAvai--- pharamAe tAjI-tAjA phaujAM-phaujeM / daphtarAM daphtaroM bakhata, bagata-vakta. darada--darda bagasIsa, bakasIsa-bakhzIza daradI-dardI, rogI bagIco-bagIcA daravAjai -daravAje. bajArAM-bAjAroM dariyAva-dariyAdila, udAra badakAra-badIkAra, ahitakArI dahalAvai-dahalAtA hai badanItI-badaniyatI dAvo-dAvA babarcI-bAvarcI didAra---dIdAra bahArAM-bahAroM didArI-dIdAradA~ bA'durI-bahAdurI didArU-~~-dIdAra bimArI-bImArI dilar3o-dila, UnavAcaka bekAma-bekAra dutarapho-dutaraphA besummAra--bezumAra duzmaNa-duzmana majaba-majahaba dojhakha ---dojakha majabUna - maz2amUna najarAnajareM majabUryA-majabUriyAM najAro-najArA majala-maMjila najIka-najadIka majalA-maMjaleM narama-narma manAhI-munAdI, manAdI naramAI-narmI marajI-marjI naramI garamI-narmI-garmI maradamI-mardumI

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna maradANI-mardAnI zaramINo-- zarmAlA mahalAyata-mahaloM zarmAzarma-zarmAzarmI mukAbaloM-mukAbalA zAnI-sAnI, tulanA mujaro-mujarA zyAbAsa--- zAbAza murado-murdA sarada garama-sarda garma me'nata-mehanata saramiMdI--zaramiMdagI mailAM-mahaloM saramiMdI-zaramiMda: moko-maukA salAhI-salAha moja ---mauja salaka-sulaka mojAM-mauje. sitAro-sitArA mojIja-muaji jaja sIraNI-zIranI ravAba-rauba -saM. kSIriNI rasAkasI-rassAkazI sodai rI-saude kI rosanI, roSaNI-rozanI hakUmata- hukUmata vagata-vakta. hajArAM-hajAroM vAsate-vAste harakatAM-harakateM vaima-vahama harajAno-harjAnA zarama- zarma halakAI-halakApana zaramAva-zarmAeM hAjara-hAjira zaramAvo-zarmAo husiyaarii-hoshiyaarii| isa prakAra zabdoM ko grahaNa karane ke atirikta muhAvaroM aura kahAvatoM kA bhI lokabhASA se AdAna karake terApaMthI sAhitya ne rAjasthAnI ke zabdabhaNDAra kI zrIvRddhi kI hai| yahAM muhAvaroM aura kahAvatoM ke kucha namUne diye jAte haiN| muhAvare apaNA phirakA apaNI jhNddii|| nita phAr3a-phAr3a kapar3o sIMvai / apaNa hI hAtha kATa baiThI vAhI DAlI / niza dina khAI khodabo / AtAM ThaMDI huugii| paga-paga meM gADo aTakai / UMgha uddaaro| parvata-rAI ro antr| kAga udd'aabo| para pai kulhAr3I baahii| kAlI karatUta / bar3aur3e carakhai cddhyo| khAMDe rI dhAra vhnno| bAga-bAga honaa| ghero ghaalbo| buddhi daudd'aanaa|

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rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna 33 cau nijarayAM ho jAvai / bokko phaaddbo| jAlI huMDI calAbo / bhai rai bhUta sUM mrtaa| jiMdagI raiNa baserI bnngii| mana ro koDa puraayo| bhAga bilotA raibo| mUMchAlAM maradAM ro| tAMto todd'bo| ruvAlI nahIM haalii| tAMto jodd'bo| roTI nahIM siknaa| tAgo TUTa go| viveka ro dIpaka bujha gyo / turaga tAjaNo khAvai / satya sAnar3o pdd'sii| dAla meM kaalo| solaha AnA saca / dekhyo tela tilaaro| (.."para) syAhI pheranA / nayyA pAra laMghAvai / (mhArI) hAma pUrabo / na zISa-khasolaNa hai na gvaadd'ii| himmata hAranA / muhAvaroM ke samAna hI kahAvateM bhI bhASA meM rocakatA utpanna karatI haiM, aura use smaraNIya banAtI haiM / terApaMthI sAhitya meM prayukta kahAvatoM ke kucha pratidarza (namUne) yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM / kahAvateM Akhira to phUTayAM sarai pApa ro phodd'o| gagana bagIco phUlai / ghara rA pUta kaMvArA Dola, pADosyAM rA paraNAvai / cAho jito ghirata gur3a sIMcau, nIma na kaTutA tyAge / jo karai so bhrai| paMgu padacArI baNai / pANI chakaNa syUM chnnsii| bAMjha saMtAna jaNa / binA AMca hI dUdha uphnnsii| belA bAhyA motI nipaja ke kahuM baarii-baarii| mAvar3a bhAra marI kyUM ? ina gRhIta zabdoM meM yathocita, yathApekSa artha-parivartana bhI kiyA gayA hai, jisase rAjasthAnI kRta ina zabdoM ko artha-gaurava prApta huA hai, aura bhASA kI zrIvRddhi huI hai| aise agaNita zabdoM meM se do-cAra yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| 'gaNa' ko 'dharmasaMgha' artha meM, 'gaNI' ko 'AcArya' artha meM, 'guNa ThANo' ko 'Atma-vizvAsa kI bhUmikA artha meM, 'gAthA' ko 'dharmasaMgha kI kalpita mudrA' artha meM, 'caramocchava' (caramotsava) ko 'terApaMtha ke prathama AcArya zrI

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34 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna bhikSu svAmI ke svargArohaNa divasa bhAdrapada zukla trayodazI ko hone vAle mahotsava' ke artha meM, 'zrAva' 'dharmazAlA' artha meM, 'zrAvaka' 'AsthAzIla vratacArI ke artha meM, 'phUla ghANanA' ko 'asthi-visarjana' ke artha meM liyA gayA ___ yaha prakriyA arthAgama (naye artha kA samAvezana), artha-vistAra aura artha-saMkoca ke mAdhyama se prAyaH hotI hai| inake udAharaNa terApaMthI kAvya meM bhare par3e haiM / yahAM eka-eka, do-do udAharaNa de rahA hUM / arthAgama bhASA-samiti-doSa-rahita bhASA kA prayoga / osara-mosara-mRtyu-bhoja / phUla- mRtaka kI asthiyA~ / artha-vistAra yaha arthotkarSa kI prakriyA hai; yathA bhAta-pANa-AhAra-pAnI, bhojana aura peya / artha-saMkoca __ arthApakarSa kI isa prakriyA ke dvArA sAmAnya zabda bhI pAribhASika banAye gaya haiM / isa prakAra bane zabda jaina-darzana aura terApaMthI sAhitya meM kaI sahasra haiN| udAharaNArtha : -- jhAjhAjholI-zArIrika akSamatA meM sAdhu-sAdhvI ko sthAnAntarita __ karane kA upakaraNa / joga-muni-dharma kI dIkSA / gaNa-dharmasaMgha / nava bAr3a-brahmacarya kI surakSA ke lie nirdhArita nau sUtra / upAsarA--- mUttipUjaka sampradAya kA dharmasthAna / aTThAI-aSTAhnika paryuSaNa parva kA prathama dina / arthApadeza (arthAdeza) arthApadeza artha-vikAra kA eka bheda hai| arthApadeza meM artha bhinna ho jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI artha kA apakarSa ho jAtA hai, aura kabhI-kabhI kisI eka artha meM saMkucita bhI ho jAtA hai / artha ke isa prakAra ke parivartana se kavijana prAyaH kAvya kI abhivyaMjanA-zakti meM cAra cA~da lagA dete haiN| terApaMthI kAvya meM bhASA kI abhivyaMjanA-zakti prAyaH paryApta udAtta ho jAtI hai / usakA utkarSa 'arthApadeza' ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai| yahAM do kaviyoM ke kAvya meM se kucha udAharaNa die jA rahe haiN|

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rAjasthAnI zabda - sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna muni mohanalAla 'AmeTa' kA kAvya ' tatha' ra katha' (san 1971) arthApadeza kI sundara chaTA pradarzita karatA hai / unake kAvya meM arthApadeza lakSaNA aura vyaMjana zaktiyoM se samanvita hokara artha- gaurava sampanna hotA hai / draSTavya hai :-- pRSTha 2 vibhUti - rAkha dhUli / 1. bAM gAM par3I dhUla majala rI babhUta hai / yahAM 'bhUta' zabda meM arthApadeza hai / babhUta bhAzaya yaha hai ki santoM ke caraNoM meM lagI huI mArga rahatI, vaha maMjila ( gantavya ) kI upalabdhi kI nidarzikA hai / vaha santoM, siddha janoM ke zarIra kI zobhA bar3hAne vAlI bhasmAMga- svarUpa kI dhUli dhUli nahIM 'vibhUti' ho jAtI ho jAtI hai / 2. bhUkha kI bhabhaka sUM vIM raiM to dANo hI dAkha hai / pRSTha 6 bhUkhe vyakti ke lie to anAja ke dAne hI dAkha arthAt svAda ke nidhAna, tathA jIvanAdhAra haiM / 35 3 ApaNUM ApaNUM rAma / - pRSTha 52 rAma kA nAyakatva, unakA rAmatva pratyeka vyakti kI cetanA meM pRthakpRthak svarUpa kA hai / 4. karama ghUMTI ra abhAva meM Adarasa ra jyAvai hai baNa kara koro sabadajAla / - pRSTha 64 prayoga draSTavya hai : janmaghU~TI ke sthAna para karmaghU~TI / yaha pracchanna artha - sAdRzya karma ke mahattva ko adhika prakAzita karatA hai / karmaghUMTI kA tAtparya hai -- janma se hI DAle gae nirantara karmazIla rahane ke saMskAra | 5 jaTha Aja bhI hai amAvasa / - - pRSTha 71 yahAM amAvasa zabda meM pratoka, bimba, lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA kA samanvita vibhava prakaTa huA hai / amAvasa kA artha hai --citta meM jar3atA bhara dene vAlA nirAzAjanya andhakAra | 6. osANa / - pRSTha 97 osANa avasAna / avadhAna artha meM prayukta hotA hai; yathA ausAna cUkatA | sAvadhAnI vUkanA, asAvadhAna raha jAnA, pramAda kara denA / 'osANa ko nI bIMne ke Asaro kaTho hai / ' use yaha dhyAna ( avadhAna), ceta hI nahIM hai ki Azraya kahAM hai / 7. sapanAM jaNAMI pUgyA hai sat re ner3A, palakAM khulI 'ra putalyAM DUbagI / ---- pRSTha satya ke nikaTa pahuMcane para palakeM khula jAtI haiM, cetanA prApta hotI hai / kintu taba putaliyAM DUba gaIM, mana dhyAnastha ho gayA /

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36 AcArya tulasI ke kAvya meM se arthApadeza ke kucha udAharaNa (ka) ' kumhArI rI karAmAta' meM 1. dArAsukha kI kArA kArA--jela / arthApadeza se artha huA - ' kevala apane meM hI sImita, saMkIrNa, saMkucita yA banda rakha lene vAlI / ' 2. ati dUra nagara, nirjana vana rI, A hAlata | to pura- praveza meM bhArI par3e vakAlata // isameM 'tavAlata' zabda nahIM likhakara ' vakAlata' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / vakAlata - vakIla kA karma / arthApadeza se artha nikalA - prayAsa, mArga prazasta karane kA kArya / 3. sArI jokhima z2abta- terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna jokhima - khatarA | arthApadeza se artha nikalatA hai 'khatarA lAne vAlI vastu', arthAt 'sampatti' / yaha arthAdeza artha - vistAra ke dvArA sampanna huA hai| 4. phira-phira sagarayo zahara juhAryo, hAryo nahIM haz2ArI / 'haz2ArI' meM artha - vistAra ke dvArA arthApadeza huA hai / artha hai hajAra jagaha ghUmane vAlA, sAhasa nahIM hArane vAlA vyakti / (kha) 'sapane re saMsAra' meM - daradI - darda, kaSTa vAlA / arthApadeza se, artha-saMkoca ke dvArA artha huA 'rogI', kisI bhI roga se grasta vyakti / artha - gaurava utpanna karane ke lie terApaMthI kAvya meM vizeSataH tIna vidhiyA~ yA zailiyA~ grahaNa kI gayI haiM / ye haiM (1) nAdAtmaka zabdoM kA pracura prayoga; yathA bholI, ThAUM-mAUM (anabhijJa), DhIMcAla ( bar3e DIlaDaula vAlA), DhakanA (AraMbha karanA), dar3abar3a ( bhAga-daur3a ), daDUkanA ( sAMDa ka: zabda karanA ), raat (prabhAva ), digdU (piMjAre ke ruI pIMjane kA zabda ), dhAr3aphAr3a ( sAhasI, niDara ), dhUNanA ( hilAnA), dhar3IMga ( jabardasta ) Adi / (2) samAsoM kA vizeSa nirmANa; yathAsaghana - puruSArtha, AtmakhyApana, cikitsA, karma - vilaya / vajra - saMkalpa, Atma- ramaNa, isa paddhati dvArA hindI, urdU yA aMgrejI ke zabdoM ko rAjasthAnI zabdAvali ke bhItara acApacA liyA gayA hai / bhAva (3) bhASA-samaka amIra khusaro Adi kaviyoM ne 'bhASA - samaka' kA prayoga kiyA gayA

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rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna thaa| bhASA-samaka meM do bhASAoM ke zabda yA sAtha-sAtha kramazaH rakha kara kavitA banatI hai| yaha camatkAritA pAThakoM ko AkarSita karatI hai, aura vibhinna bhASA-bhASiyoM ko vicAraNA meM nikaTa lAtI hai / santa jana bhI samAja meM vaicArika samatA sthApita karane meM prayatnazIla rahate haiN| isI dRSTi se terApaMthI kAvya meM bhI yatkicit bhASA-samaka kA prayoga hulaa| aisA adhikatara do bhASAoM ke zabdoM ke samAsa banAne meM huA hai| dvibhASika samAsoM ke tathA zabda-racanA ke kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM :hindI (rAjasthAnI)-aMgrejI _ 'Adata rI lAcArI' meM--mAMsa-mArkeTa / hindI (rAjasthAnI)-urdUakar3atA (bhAve 'tA') tarAsyor3I (or3o, ktAnta) antaradila dArUkhora Adata-parivartana paradarada ochI-umara puNya nizAnI kAmanA-saita badakarmI kRta-karaja birathA vaima khAtarI-bhagatI rAja-mailAM gAphilatA (bhAve 'tA') lAja-zarama cADIkhora zAla-izArai cugalacir3I sanUra co nija- (cAra najareM) samadITha cyArU taraphI harabUMda chala-chekI himmata-hAriNI jabAM jayaNA (bolane kI sajagatA) himmata-hArU / (4) vAkyAMzoM (phrajeja) kA vizeSa saMghaTana; yathA bhAvoM kA svayaMvara / mAnyatA kA abhiniveza (galata mAnyatA), abhaya kI taraMgeM / saMkalpa kI naukA / dRSTi kA viparyAsa / Adi / - kavijana sahajataH hI mArmika laghu vAkyAMzoM kI racanA karate haiM / ye prabhAvazAlI, sundara vAkyAMza jana-jana ke mana meM basa jAte haiM, unakI jihvA para car3ha jAte haiM, aura bhASA ke sthAyI aMga bana jAte haiN| phira ye bhASA ke sthAyitva tathA pracAra-prasAra kA kAraNa banate haiN| yahAM hama do terApaMthI kaviyoM--muni mohanalAla AmeTa aura AcArya tulasI ke kAvya se kucha vAkyAMza prastuta kara rahe haiM /

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38 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna muni AmeTa jI kI kRti 'tathara katha' meM agama kI olakhANa 99 dhIraja ro bA~jha 102 agAdha sata rI sodha 61 naraka bhogato bur3hApo4 ajANI lAlasyA 48 parAthanAM rA phUla 47 andha asatA rI amAvasa 91 parAlabadha ra kAMTA 69 andhArai rI AdU AMkhyAM 96 prANA rI nadI nai jovaNa ro pANI 84 amara bisavAsa 11 pirANA rI bAgabAr3I 47 Akala bAkala AMsU 21 peTa rI pUrati 107 AMkhyAM achUtI kalapanA 78 porakha rai ugatai ujAlai ne 60 AchI bhUNDI okhadha 65 binA visesaNa ro AdamI 36 ApaNUM ApaNUM rAma 52 bisavAsa ra sUraja 53 Aparo Apo 102 bIjarI Asagati 10 ujAsa ro darapaNa 131 bIjarI cetaNA 130 kAma lubadha dITha 25 bebasa majabU- 62 khuda'ra ahama rA bicchU 85 mana ro aparamAda 12 gIta rI kAlajo chUtI gUMja 93 mATI rI kAyA koTar3I 96 ciMtA momAkhI ro tIkho DaMka 70 maikatA aNa bhai rA phUla 69 jIvaNa rI rasAyaNa 67 saradhA rI ciNagArI 113 jobaNa rA sapaNa! 88 sAsavata ro sainANa 63 AcArya tulasI ke kAvya meM prayukta kucha vAkyAMza.--.. 'prabhutA kI parAjaya' meM AdhyAtmika oja / kSaNa kI kImata aaNko| kSINa aavrnnii| kSINa kaSAya / gunaha khmaauuN| choDyo thAro mhAro / tarI agara abhimAna tarI, to dukha-duvidhAvAM dUra TarI / mAna-mAdakatA / sNym-sritaa| 'kumhArI rI karAmAta' meM-- atizayadhArI / uparA uparI ulaTyA grAma / ugravihArI / kAlaja rI kora / granthibheda kara / dArA sukha kI kArA / dhrm-jaagrnnaa| paudgalika sukha-duHkha / moha miTA kara / 'sapanai rai saMsAra' meM-lau vaanniyo| 'rUpa ro garaba' meM----zaThe zAThya patha / 'mUlasyUM byAja pyAro' meM- antara jyota ujyArI / svayaM samAhita bhaassaa|

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rAjasthAnI zabda - sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna 'saMkalpa ro bala' meM anamana vinaya / kUpa - bhekatA / tRNajIvI jIvana / paMcendriya prANI | maccha galAgala / vibhutA aura vibhUti / zAnta sudhArasa / supatha - samanvaya / (5) rAjasthAnI muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM kA tattvadarzana ke spaSTIkaraNa meM upayoga; yathA- muhAvare- kamanIya rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai, tulasI ne isakA prayoga kiyA hai / kahAvateM - hai / 1. cAsanI cAkhanA --- sthiti kA jAyajA lenA / isameM pratIka - yojanA kA sauMdarya spaSTa jhalakatA hai / 2. bAMsAM uchalanA--sImAtIta harSa honA / yaha muhAvarA bimba ko vizeSataH usa sandarbha meM jahAM AcAryazrI 1. AMdho bAMTe jevar3I, lAra pADo khAya / isa kahAvata kA prayoga jIvana kI visaMgatiyoM ko dhvanita karatA 39 2. bAra kosAM bolI palaTe, phala palaTai pAkAM / jarA AyA kesa palaTe, lakkhaNa nahIM palaTa lAkhAM // lAkha prayatna karane para bhI svabhAva nahIM badalatA / yaha kahAvata aneka saMgatiyoM ke pradarzana ke madhya meM eka asaMgati para vizeSa prakAza DAlakara kathya ke prabhAva kA saMvardhana karatI hai / terApaMthI kAvya meM, isa prakAra, jo ke do udAharaNa yahA~ prastuta karatA hU~ / kathana - utkRSTatA AI hai, usa artha - gaurava prathama, pUjya kAlUgaNI jI kA tIna bAta haiM baira kI jara jorU jamIna | svarUpadAsa tihuM te adhika mata kI bAta mahIna || artha- gaurava- - mata yA sampradAya ke lie jo jhagar3e hote haiM, jo AkSepaparivAda Adi hote haiM, unase jo ulajhaneM paidA hotI haiM, ve dhana, strI aura bhUmi ke lie hone vAloM kI apekSA kahIM adhika vinAzakArI bana jAte haiM / mata-bheda vicAra-bheda taka hI rahe, to bAta samhala sakatI hai, kintu jaba matabheda ko mana-bheda taka bar3hA diyA jAtA hai. manoM meM darAra paidA kara lI jAtI hai, to vaha atyanta aniSTakArI ho jAtI hai / vicAra-bheda ko jAnanA - samajhanA to ThIka hai, unameM ulajhanA, unase vyAmohagrasta honA ucita nahIM hai / ataH bheda meM se bhI abheda ke tattvoM kI hI khoja karanI caahie| eka nItikAra kavi ne rAjA kI nIti ke viSaya meM kahA hai :

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X . terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna zatruna ko ura ANa, zatru ko zatru na mAne / mitrana ko ura ANa, mitra ko mitra na mAne / yahAM 'ura ANa' aura 'na mAne' kI vaicArika dRSTi grahaNIya hai| bhedoM aura abhedoM donoM ko bhalI prakAra samajhanA to hai, kintu unake kAraNa lakSyabhraSTa honA, ekatva ko bhUla jAnA ThIka nhiiN| rAga-dveSa donoM se pare hokara tAdAtmya kI anubhUti karanA hI zreyaskara hai / dvitIya, tattva-nirUpaNa aura patha-pradarzana ke sAtha sabhaMga zleSa ke aneka sundara udAharaNoM se yukta kavivara kizanajI kA eka pada yahAM draSTavya Ihe prabhutAkuM jo 'kisana' prabhutAkuM tyAgI, chari nA bibhUti to bibhUti kA dhArI hai ? jo lauM bhagatajI nAMha to lauM bhagataM jInAMha, kAhe ko gusAMIM jo gusAMIM sUM na yArI hai ? kAhe ko virAhamana jA ko na birAha mana, ____kahA pIra jo pai para-pIra nA bicArI hai ? kAko vaha jogI jana, jAko nahIM jogI mana, Asana hI mAra jAnyo, Asa nahIM mArI hai ? isameM ATha zabdoM meM sabhaMga zleSa ke dvArA artha kA gaurava aura abhivyaMjanA kA camatkAra utpanna kiyA gayA hai| kavi Atma-saMyama kA parAmarza de rahA hai, jo ina ATha zliSTa zabdoM ko samajha lene para spaSTa ho jAtA hai| zliSTa artha dekhiye-- 1. prabhutAkuM - (i) prabhu tAkuM-prabhu usako, (ii) prabhutA kuM-prabhutA ko 2. bibhUti -() vibhUti, dhana sampatti, (ii) vibhUti, rAkha, zarIra para bhasma lepana 3. bhagatajI--(i) bhaga tajI, viSaya- (ii) bhagatajI, bhktjii| vAsanA tyAgI, 4. gusAI-(i) gu sAI, indriyoM kA (ii) gusA I', gussA, krodha svAmI, hii| 5. birAhamana-(i) birAhamana, brAhmaNa, (ii) birAha mana, vizeSa rAha, uttama patha arthAt mokSa mArga meM jisakA mana hai / 6. parapIra-(i) pIra, saMta, (ii) para-pIra, dUsare kI piidd'aa| 7. jogI-(i) jogI, yogI, (ii) jogI, paramAtmA se saMyukta yoga-niSNAta hone vaalaa|

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rAjasthAnI zabda-sampadA ko terApaMtha kA yogadAna 8. Asana hI-(i) Asana hI, (ii) Asa nahIM, AzA, sAMsAyogAsana-mAtra rika kAmanA nhiiN| mAranA--(i) Asana lagAnA (ii) mArI-tyAgI, damita kii| jaise bhagavAna zrIrAma abhirAma haiM, unakA ramyatva hRdayAkarSaka hai, kyoMki be yugapat saundarya, zIla aura zakti ke nidhAna haiM / zakti arthAt satyasaMsthApana sAmarthya / usI prakAra, bhASA kI ramyatA, usakI mabhirAmatA, usakI uttamatA, cArutA bhI usake saundarya, zIla aura zakti kI nidhi hone meM hai| 'kAntAsammitatayopadeza yuje' meM kavitA ke viSaya meM tathA usake sannikarSa se bhASA ke viSaya meM yahI kahA gayA hai ki satya-saundarya-zIlavatI hone meM hI usakI iyattA hai, garimA hai| 'sammitatayA yuje' upadeza, zivaM kA, aura 'kAntA' zabda-saundarya kI vAcakatA ko dhvanita karatA hai| inameM bhASA aura kavitA ke lie saundarya kI prAthamikatA hai, kintu satyaM usakA hArda aura ziva usakA pariphalana hai| santoM kI bhASA meM satyaM aura zivaM kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai, saundarya tatva prAyaH nigUr3ha rUpa se vyApta rahatA hai| kintu terApaMtha ke santoM aura AcAryoM kI-----vizeSataH AcArya bhikSujI, jayAcAryajI aura AcArya tulasIjI kI-bhASA aura kavitA saundarya ko satyaM aura zivaM se kama nahIM aaNktii| bhASA kA saundarya bhAvoM kI hRdayagrAhI abhivyakti aura usake manorama saMpreSaNa meM hai, bhASA kA zIla usakI ekatvakAriNI, samanvayakAriNI aura tAdAtmyakAriNI kriyA-parakatA meM hai, aura bhASA kI zakti usake satyasaMsthApana-sAmarthya meM hai| Agama mata ke anusAra kaheM to bhASA kI kramazaH icchA, kriyA aura jJAna zaktiyAM haiN| terApaMthI kaviyoM kI bhASA meM ye tInoM zaktiyAM haiM, vizeSataH tInoM AcAryoM kI bhASA meM prabhUta mAtrA meM vidyamAna haiN|

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rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA aura AcArya tulasIkRta carita kAvya DaoN. deva koThArI kAvya hRdaya aura buddhi kI saMzliSTa hai / isake nirmANa meM kavi ke svabhAva, saMskAra aura dezakAla kI paristhitiyoM kA mahatvapUrNa hAtha rahatA hai / isI kAraNa pratyeka kavi kI kAvya-lekhana kI bhUmikA bhinna rahatI hai / isase kAvya kA svarUpa badala jAtA hai / svarUpa parivartana kI yahI prakriyA kAvya ko muktaka aura prabandha kAvya meM vibhakta karatI hai / muktaka kAvya meM pUrvApara prasaMga nirapekSa rasa carvaNA kA sAmarthya hotA hai, isa kAraNa vaha muktaka kAvya kahalAtA hai / isake viparIta prabandha kAvya meM mAnava jIvana kA pUrNa dRzya hotA hai / usameM ghaTanAoM kI sambaddha zrRMkhalA aura svAbhAvika krama ke ThIka-ThIka nirvAha ke sAtha hRdaya ko sparza karane vAle evaM nAnA bhAvoM kA rasAtmaka anubhava karAne vAle prasaMgoM kA samAveza hotA hai / ye prabandha kAvya do taraha ke hote haiM - (1) mahAkAvya aura ( 2 ) khaNDakAvya | kAvya kA eka aura rUpa hotA hai, use carita kAvya kahate hai / prabandha carita kAvya meM prabandha kAvya, kathAkAvya aura itivRtAtmaka kathA ( purANa kathA Adi) ina tInoM lakSaNoM kA samanvaya hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki carita kAvyoM ko kabhI kathA, kabhI purANa aura kabhI carita kahA jAtA hai, lekina yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki carita kathA aura purANa nAmAnta vAle sabhI caritakAvya kI zreNI meM nahIM Ate haiM / vastutaH carita kAvya prabandha kI hI eka rUpa yojanA hai, jahAM para pAtra paurANika yA aitihAsika tathA kAlakrama - tithigata evaM tathyagata vivaraNa se pUrNatayA paripuSTa hote haiM / inameM prasaMgoM kI mArmika udbhAvanA rahatI hai / kathAvastu alaMkRta va marmasparzI hotI hai / inakA jIvana vyApI saMdeza puruSArtha jAgRta karanA hotA hai / ye kriyA ke nahIM karma ke prabandha hote haiM aura inakA nAyaka prAyaH mokSa puruSArthagAmI hotA hai / ye carita kAvya viSaya-vastu aura uddezya kI dRSTi se chaH prakAra ke hote haiM - 1. dhArmika 2. pratIkAtmaka 3. vIragAthAtmaka 4. premAkhyAnaka 5. prazastimUlaka aura 6. lokgaathaatmk| isake viparIta jaina carita kAvyoM kA vibhAjana pravRtti ke AdhAra para nimna cAra prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai - (1) karma saMskAra pradhAna ( 2 ) jIva paraka ( 3 ) jagata paraka ( 4 ) manaH

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rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA aura A0 tulasIkRta carita kAvya 43 pradhAna / ina samasta carita kAvyoM ke apane kucha lakSaNa haiM jinake kAraNa unakI prabandha kAvyoM ke anya rUpa se nitAnta bhinna kintu nizcita pahacAna hotI hai, aise lakSaNa nimna haiM--- carita kAvyoM ke lakSaNa1. carita kAvyoM kI zailI jIvana carita varNana kI zailI hotI hai| inake prAraMbha meM nAyaka ke pUrvaja, vaMza, mAtA-pitA, deza evaM nagara Adi kA varNana hotA hai, kabhI-kabhI pUrvabhavoM kA itivRtta bhI diyA jAtA hai| isa taraha inameM carita nAyaka kI janma se lekara mRtyu paryanta athavA kaI bhAvAntaroM kI kathA hotI hai| 2. ye carita kAvya kathAtmaka adhika aura varNAnAtmaka kama hote haiN| inameM zAstrIya prabandha kAvyoM kI taraha mahattvapUrNa evaM kalAtmakatA utpanna karane vAlI ghaTanAoM kA cunAva aura varNanAtmaka aMzoM kI adhikatA nahIM hotI hai| 3. carita kAvyoM meM prema, vIratA aura dharma yA vairAgya bhAvanA kA samanvaya hotA hai / nAyaka anta meM Atma kalyANa kI ora pravRtta hotA hai| 4. carita kAvyoM meM prAraMbha meM yA bIca-bIca meM praznottara zailI yA vaktA-zrotA yojanA hotI hai| yaha prAyaHguru va ziSya athavA zrAvaka va zrotA ke bIca hotI hai| 5. inameM alaukika, atiprAkRta aura atimAnavIya zaktiyoM, kAryoM aura vastuoM kA samAveza avazya rahatA hai| isa kAraNa inameM kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM bhI pAI jAtI haiN| 6. carita kAvyoM kI zailI kathAkAvyoM se adhika udAtta hotI hai / zailI meM saralatA, sAdagI aura sAmAnya janatA ke liye paryApta AkarSaNa rahatA hai| 7. carita kAvya uddezya pradhAna hote haiM, kevala manoraMjana karanA unakA lakSya nahIM hotA hai / 8. inakI kathAvastu meM vyAsa kA samAveza adhika hotA hai| 9. inameM ghaTanAoM, pAtroM aura pariveza kI sandarbha purassara vyAkhyA hotI hai| 10. nAyaka ke carita meM isa prakAra kI paristhitiyoM kA niyojana hotA hai, jisase usakA carita svataH udaghATita hotA rahatA hai| 11. carita kAvyoM meM ghaTanA aura varNana donoM kA samanvaya hotA hai / 12. carita kAvyoM meM bhUla kathA ke sAtha-sAtha AvAntara kathAoM, vastuoM,

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4 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna pAtroM evaM bhAva-anubhAva kA nirUpaNa bhI Avazyaka hai, tAki jIvana kI samagratA sahaja hI udghATita ho sake / 13. carita kAvya meM jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jAya usameM gauNa vivaraNa kI pracuratA na ho tathA sabhI vivaraNa yA byaurA tarka saMgata ho / kathA meM kRtrimatA kA AbhAsa na ho / 14. carita kAvyoM ke pAtroM meM svAbhAvikatA kA honA Avazyaka hai kyoMki pAtroM kA asvAbhAvika devI-rUpa carita kAvya ko purANa banA detA hai| 15. carita kAvyoM meM gaMbhIratA, udAratA aura rUciratA Avazyaka hotI hai| carita kAvyoM kI paramparA uparyukta lakSaNoM se yukta carita kAvyoM kI saMskRta, prAkRta, aura apabhraMza meM lambI paramparA upalabdha hotI hai| yaha paramparA kAphI samRddha aura vistRta hai| saMskRta se bhI prAkRta meM carita kAvyoM ke nirmANa kI paramparA pahale milatI hai / prAkRta kA sarvaprathama carita kAvya vimalasUrikRta 'paumacariyaM hai|" isakA racanA kAla grantha kI prazakti meM IsvI san kI prathama zatI batAyA gayA hai, lekina antaH sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para isakA racanAkAla I. san kI tIsarI-cauthI zatI hai / yaha rAma kathA se sambandhita hai| isI carita kAvya ke AdhAra para mahAkavi raviSeNa ne saMskRta meM "padmacaritam" kI racanA kii| padmacaritam kA racanAkAla IsvI san ko sAtavIM zatI hai| prAkRta kA dUsarA carita kAvya "surasuMdarI cariyaM" hai / yaha premAkhyAnaka hai / isake racayitA dhanezvarasUri hai tathA racanAkAla I. san 1038 bhAdrakRSNA dvitIyA guruvAra hai| isake bAda prAkRta meM carita kAvyoM kI lambI paramparA milatI hai, ina caritakAvyoM meM lakSmaNa gaNi kRta "supAsanAha cariyaM" (vi0 saM0 1199), abhayadeva sUri ke ziSya-candraprabha mahattara kRta "siri vijaya caMda kevariyA cariyaM (vi0saM0 1270) tapAgacchIya ananta haMsa kRta "sudaMsaNacariyaM" (I0san 1270) tapAgacchIya annatahaMsa kRta "kummAputta cariyaM' (16vIM zatI) Adi pramukha haiN| saMskRta ke carita kAvyoM meM raviSeNa ke bAda jaTAsiMhanandi kRta 'varAGa gacarita' hai| isakA racanAkAla IsvI san kI AThavIM zatI kA pUrvArddha hai / isI krama meM saMskRta meM vIranandI kRta "candraprabhacaritam (I0san kI 10vIM zatI)" mahAkavi asaga kRta "zAntinAtha carita" aura "varddhamAna carita" (I0san kI 10vIM zatI) vAdirAja kRta "pArzvanAtha caritam" (10vIM zatI I0) mahAsena kRta "pradya mana carita' (11vIM zatI I0)

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rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA aura A0 tulasIkRta carita kAvya 45 hemacandrAcArya kRtaH "kumArapAlacaritam' (12vIM zatI I0) Adi carita kAvya upalabdha hote haiM / bArahavIM zatI ke bAda to saMskRta meM carita kAvyoM kI eka lambI zRMkhalA milatI hai / apabhraMza meM caritakAvyoM kI racanA kA sarvaprathama ullekha IsvI san kI AThavI zatI ke kavi svayaMbhU ke "riTThaNemicariu" aura "paumacariu" Adi zIrSaka kRtiyoM ke rUpa meM milatA hai| isake bAda mahAkavi puSpadanta (10vIM zatI anumAnita) kI racanAeM "NAyakumAracariu" aura "jasaharacariu" kavi ghAhila kRta "paumasiricariu" (10vIM zatI I0) muni kanakAmara kRta "karakaMDacariu" (10vIM zatI) Adi carita kAvya upalabdha hote haiN| apabhraMza meM bhI caritakAvyoM kI prAkRta va saMskRta kI taraha sudIrgha paramparA milatI hai| rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA rAjasthAnI sAhitya kAphI samRddha hai| yaha gadya va padya donoM rUpoM meM pracura parimANa meM upalabdha hotA hai / padya sAhitya meM muktaka aura prabandha kAvya viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se vividha rUpAtmaka hai / muktaka kAvya bAraha prakAra ke haiM yathA-saMkhyAmUlaka, chandamUlaka, vandanAmUlaka, buddhiparIkSAmUlaka, upadezamUlaka, saMvAdamUlaka, maMgalamUlaka, tIrthayAtrAmUlaka, mAlAmUlaka, saMgItamUlaka, svAdhyAya mUlaka aura anya / ' isI prakAra prabandha kAvya bhI pAMca prakAra ke haiM -yathA, nRtya-saMgItamUlaka, caritamUlaka, maMgalamUlaka, premavyaMjanAmUlaka aura vijJAnamUlaka / isameM caritakAvya paramparA rAjasthAnI meM kAphI ullekhanIya evaM mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha prAcIna va samRddha bhI hai| rUpa paramparA kI dRSTi se bhI kAphI carcita hai| ina caritakAvyoM ke nAmakaraNa kI bhI apanI eka viziSTa zailI hai| yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki ina carita kAvyoM ke nAmakaraNa meM "carita" zabda ko jor3A hI jAya / "carita' ke atirikta anya zabdoM ko bhI carita kAvya ke nAmakaraNa meM jor3a kara unameM eka anUThA AkarSaNa paidA kiyA gayA hai / aise zabdoM meM vilAsa, prakAza, rUpaka, prabandha, pravAr3A rAsa, caupAI, beli, saMdhi kathA, AkhyAna, jhUlaNA Adi mukhya haiN| ___ inameM bhI vilAsa, prakAza, rUpaka, carita aura prabandha saMjJaka racanAoM meM koI tAtvika antara nahIM hai|' inakI mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki jo prabandhakAvya jisa mahApuruSa ko AdhAra banAkara likhA gayA hai, usake nAma ke sAtha vilAsa, prakAza, rUpaka, carita, prabandha Adi saMjJAeM jor3a dI gaI haiN| vilAsa va prakAza saMjJaka racanAoM meM kabhI-kabhI kathAnaka ko sagoM kI taraha "vilAsa" "prakAza'' meM bhI vibhAjita kara diyA jAtA hai| rUpaka

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna kA artha yahIM para nATya rUpa se nahIM hai, kAvya rUpa se hI hai| isa taraha ke nAmAnta vAle carita kAvyoM se sambandhita prasiddha kRtiyAM nimna haiM1. vilAsa-rAja vilAsa, bhIma vilAsa, abhayavilAsa, ratana vilAsa, kAlUyazo vilAsa 2. prakAza---rAjaprakAza, sUraja prakAza, bhIma prakAza, kIrata prakAza 3. rUpaka ----rAjarUpaka, gogAde rUpaka, rAvariNamala rA rUpaka, ratana rUpaka 4. carita - sadayavahama carita, padmanI carita, avatAra carita, DAlima carita, magana carita 5. prabandha-tribhuvana dIpaka prabandha, haripiMgala prabandha, dazakumAra prabandha / ina carita kAvyoM kI paramparA rAjasthAnI meM apabhraMza se uttarAdhikAra meM milI hai, lekina apabhraMza se bhI adhika rAjasthAnI meM lokapriya aura samRddha huI / vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI se jaba rAjasthAnI apabhraMza se alaga bhASA ke rUpa meM vikasita ho rahI thI aura apane prAraMbhika kAla meM hI thI, taba se hI rAjasthAnI meM carita kAvyoM kI paramparA upalabdha hotI hai| rAjasthAnI meM sabase pahalA caritakAvya acalagaccha ke mahendrasiMhasUri ke ziSya dharmahiMsasUri dvArA racita "jaMbUsAmicariya' hai| isakA racanAkAla vi.saM. 1266 hai / isake bAda nAgendra gaccha ke pAsar3asUri ke ziSya abhayadevasUri kRta "samarasiMha rAsa' caritakAvya kA zreSTha nidarzana hai / isakA racanAkAla vi.saM. 1371 hai / isI taraha vi.saM. 1484 meM hIrAnaMdasUri ne "vidyA vilAsa pavADoM' tathA vi.saM. 1512 meM padmanAma ne "kAnhar3ade prabaMdha' kI racanA kI / ye donoM bhI carcita kAvya haiN| isake bAda to caupaI, beli, saMdhi, kathA, AkhyAna, jhUlaNA Adi saMjJAoM se yukta carita kAvyoM kI eka lambI va vistRta paraHparA milatI hai| ina carita kAvyoM kI paramparA meM eka bAta vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai aura vaha yaha ki rAjasthAnI meM caritakAvyoM kA prAraMbha eka jaina saMta dharmasiMhasUrI dvArA huA aura bAda meM jaina saMtoM dvArA hI ise Age bhI bar3hAyA gayA / mahApuruSoM ke caritra ke mAdhyama se zrAvakoM meM cAritrika zuddhi ba dRr3hatA ko prerita va protsAhana karane ke isa taraha ke prayAsa jaina dharma meM prAcIna paramparA rahI hai / terApaMtha meM rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA terApaMtha dharmasaMgha bhI aise carita-kAvyoM ke nirmANa meM pIche nahIM rahA / AcArya bhikSu ne terApaMtha kI sthApanA ke sAtha hI rAjasthAnI carita kAvyoM ke sRjana kI nIMva DAla dI thI, unakI bIja-vapana kI isa paramparA ko muni zrI hemarAjajI, beNIdAsajI jaise saMtoM ne Age bar3hAyA evaM jayAcArya ne ise

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rAjasthAnI parita kAvya-paramparA aura A0 tulasIkRta carita kAvya 47 puSTa kiyA, AcArya magharAjajI va mANakagaNI ne ise sIMcA tathA terApaMtha dharmasaMgha ke vartamAna AcArya zrI tulasIgaNI ne rAjasthAnI carita kAvyoM kI isa vallarI ko puSpita kiyaa| ina sabane rAjasthAnI carita kAvyoM ko naye AyAma diye tathA terApaMtha ke carita kAvyoM ko carita, baravAMNa, caupaI, rasAyaNa vilAsa, sujaza navaraso, DhAliyo Adi anya kaI abhidhAnoM se bhI abhihita kiyA / aise carita kAvyoM kI eka lambI sUcI hai / yathA :1. AcArya bhikSu kRta caritakAvya bharata carita, jaMbUkumAra carita, sudarzana carita, subAhukumAra ro bakhANa, mallinAtha ro bakhANa, sakaDAla putara ro bakhANa, dhanA aNagAra ro bakhANa, draupadI ro bakhANa Adi 2. munizrI hemarAjajI kRta carita kAvya-- bhIkhU carita, AcArya bhArI mAla ro bakhANa 3. munizrI veNIdAsajI kRta carita kAvya bhIkhU carita 4. jayAcArya kRta carita kAvya ---- bhikkhujasa rasAyaNa, satajugI carita, sarUpa vilAsa, zAMti vilAsa, bhIma vilAsa, saradAra sujaza, hema navaraso, zivajI ro coDhAliyo, veNIrAmajI ro cauDhAliyo motIjI, udaya caMdajI, harakhajI, hastUjI kastUjI Adi ke cauddhaaliye| 5. AcArya magharAjajI kRta caritakAvya AcArya jItamalajI ro bakhAMNa 6. AcArya mANaka gaNI kRta carita kAvya AcArya magharAjajI ro bakhAMNa AcArya tulasI kRta rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-~~ terApaMtha dharmasaMgha meM rAjasthAnI carita kAvyoM kI isa paramparA ko vartamAna AcArya bhArata jyoti AcArya zrI tulasI ne vistRta evaM sudRr3ha AdhAra pradAna kiyA / unhoMne rAjasthAnI carita kAvyoM meM na kevala eka navIna zailI pradAna kI apitu bhASA, bhAva evaM kalA pakSa kI dRSTi se bhI unheM eka naI dizA dii| unake dvArA aba taka rAjasthAnI meM cAra carita kAvyoM kI racanA kI gaI hai| una cAroM kA saMkSipta paricaya unake racanAkAla ke krama se isa prakAra hai:------ (1) kAlU yazovilAsa yaha carita kAvya terApaMtha ke aSTamAcArya kAlagaNI ke jIvana se sambandhita hai| isakA nirmANa kArya vi.saM. 1996 phAlguna zuklA tRtIyA

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48 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna momAsara jilA cUrU meM AraMbha kiyA aura vi.saM. 2000 kI bhAdrapada zuklA SaSThI ravivAra ko saMdhyA samaya gaMgAzahara (bIkAnera) meM pUrNa kiyaa| isa prakAra isakA nirmANa lagabhaga cAra varSoM meM jAkara pUrNa huaa| sampUrNa kAvya chaH ullAsoM meM vibhakta haiM / pratyeka ullAsa meM chaH kalAeM tathA pratyeka kalA meM solaha-solaha gIta haiM / ullAsa kI samApti para pA~ca zikhA ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| kula milA kara isameM 101 gIta haiN| ina gItoM ke atirikta anya aneka chandoM meM kathAvastu prastuta kI gaI hai| pratyeka ullAsa ke anta meM puSpikA rUpa upasaMhRti saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| kathAnaka kA prAraMbha kAlUgaNI kI stuti se hotA hai| isake pazcAt bhaugolika pariveza, pArivArika paricaya, janma, mAtA-pitA, satsaMga, vairAgya dIkSA, paMcamAcArya maghavAgaNI kA ziSyatva, mANakagaNI, DAlamagaNI kA sAnnidhya, DAlamagaNI ke kAla meM pracchanna yuvAcArya, kAlugaNI kA svargArohaNa, kAlagaNI ke bahuAyAmI netRtva Adi ke vivaraNa ke sAtha prathama ullAsa samApta hotA hai / dvitIya ullAsa meM jarmana vidvAna harmana yAkobI kA Agamana, nAbAliga dIkSA pratirodha, kAMThA, mevAr3a, hariyANA Adi pradeza kI yAtrA, tRtIya ullAsa meM bIkAnera cAturmAsa meM virodha, jayapura cAturmAsa, AcArya tulasI kI dIkSA, thalI pradeza meM saMgharSa, cUrU carcA, Rtu varNana caturtha ullAsa meM AcArya tulasI kI pauzAla, marUdhara vihAra, jodhapura cAturmAsa, kAlUgaNI ke sAtha AcArya tulasI kA saMvAda, jaMgala kA varNana, udayapura cAtumasi, paMcama ullAsa meM dIkSA prasaMga meM utpanna bhrAMta dhAraNAeM, mevAr3a se mAlavA kI ora prasthAna, mAlavA meM virodhI vAtAvaraNa, bar3anagara maryAdA mahotsava, hAtha kI tarjanI aMgulI meM vedanA aura SaSTha ullAsa meM gaMgApura cAturmAsa, aMgulI kI vedanA aura vibhinna upacAra, sAdhvI pramukhAzrI kAnakumArI kA svargavAsa, tulasIgaNI ko yuvAcArya pada, kAlagaNI kA svargArohaNa, Adi ghaTanA kramoM ke sAtha kathAnaka samApta hotA hai| aMta kI pAMca zikhAoM meM kAlagaNI kI jIvana-jhAMkI saMgha ke bahumukhI vikAsa kI carcA, saMsmaraNa aura kavi kA guru ke prati samarpaNa bhAva Adi kA kAvyamaya ullekha hai / kAlUyazovilAsa apane Apa meM eka sampUrNa prabandha kAvya hai / isameM prabandha kAvya, mahAkAvya aura caritakAvya tInoM kI vizeSatAeM eka sAtha upalabdha hotI haiN| (2) mANaka mahimA yaha caritakAvya terApaMtha dharma saMgha ke chaThe AcArya mANakagaNI ke jIvana caritra se sambandhita hai| isakA racanAkAla vi.saM. 2013 hai| racanA sthala saradArazahara hai| isakI prathama prati muni madhukara ne taiyAra kI tathA

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rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA aura A0 tulasIkRta carita kAvya 49 vi.saM. 2023 meM bIdAsara meM isameM parivardhana-saMzodhana kiyA gayA aura Adarza sAhitya saMgha dvArA isakA prakAzana huaa| kRti kI viSaya-vastu 21 gItoM meM vibhAjita hai| mANakagaNI terApaMtha dharmasaMgha meM sabase kama samaya kevala sAr3he cAra varSa taka AcArya pada para AsIna rhe| itane kama samaya kA AcAryakAla hone ke kAraNa mANakagaNI kA jIvana carita ghaTanA pradhAna nahIM bana pAyA, phira bhI terApaMtha kI khyAta, maMtrI muni maganalAlajI ke saMsmaraNa, sohanalAla seThiyA dvArA likhita "zAsana suSamA" tathA saradArazahara nivAsI gaNezadAsajI gadhayA kI aitihAsika sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para "mANaka mahimA" kA kathAnaka nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai / kRti kA prAraMbha maMgala vacana se huA hai| tatpazcAt jayapura nagara kA aitihAsika saMdarbho meM vizleSaNa, mANakagaNI kA pArivArika paricaya, vairAgya, kaSTamaya sAdhu jIvana kI carcA, dIkSA, jayAcArya kA svargavAsa, maghavAgaNI kA AcArya padArohaNa, mANakagaNI ko yuvAcArya pada, maghavAgaNI kA nidhana, mANakagaNI ko AcAryatva, hariyANA yAtrA, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA varNana mANakagaNI kI asvasthatA, svargArohaNa tathA bAr3ha kI paristhitiyoM ko kathA vastu kA mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai| ___kRtikAra ne isa caritakAvya ke nAyaka mANakagaNI ke caritra kA aisA hRdayagrAhI evaM marmasparzI varNana kiyA hai, jisase lagatA hai ki kavi kRti ke nAyaka kA samakAlIna ho, lekina aisA nahIM hai| anadekhe pariveza kA aisA sajIva evaM jIvaMta citraNa AcArya zrI tulasI kI saMvedanazIlatA kA paricAyaka hai| (3) DAlima caritra - isa caritakAvya ke nAyaka terApaMtha saMgha ke sAtaveM AcArya DAlamagaNI haiN| isakA racanAkAla vi.saM. 2013 se 2018 hai| vi.saM. 2013 meM saradArazahara meM isakI racanA AraMbha kI gaI kintu uttarapradeza, bihAra, baMgAla kI lambI yAtrA dvi-zatAbdI mahotsava, Agama gaveSaNA Adi vyasta kAryoM ke kAraNa ise bIdAsara cAturmAsa kAla meM zrAvaNI pUrNimA vi.saM. 2018 meM pUrNa kiyaa| isake pazcAta vi saM. 2032 meM jayapura meM isakA punarAvalokana kara Adarza sAhitya saMgha dvArA prathama prakAzana kiyA gyaa| isa kRti ke carita nAyaka kA jIvana aneka utAra-car3hAvoM se yukta rahA hai| usakI jhalaka isa kRti meM pratyakSa hokara ubharI hai| mUla kathAnaka do khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama khaNDa meM bIsa gIta aura dvitIya meM 21 gIta haiM / isa prakAra isakI kathAvastu kula 41 gItoM meM Abaddha hai / prathama khaNDa kI kathAvastu maMgala vacana se AraMbha hotI hai / isake bAda

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50 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna ujjaina nagara kA aitihAsika varNana, nAyaka DAlacandajI ke parivAra, zikSAdIkSA, jayAcArya se milana, kaccha yAtrA tathA sAtaveM AcArya pada para nirvAcana taka aura sambandhita prAsaMgika ghaTanAoM ye yukta kathAnaka kA vistAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM AcArya pada ke nirvAcana kI apratyAzita sUcanA, saMgha milana, padArohaNa, cAturmAsa, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI dIkSA, rocaka prasaMga, saMsmaraNa, uttarAdhikArI kA cayana evaM svargArohaNa taka kA kathAnaka isameM gumphita hai| (4) magana caritra . yaha carita kAvya terApaMtha ke maMtrI muni maganalAlajI se sambandhita hai| ye terApaMtha dharmasaMgha ke manISI muniyoM meM se eka the| yadyapi ye AcArya nahIM the, lekina inhoMne terApaMtha ke lagAtAra pAMca AcAryoM ke yuga ko pratyakSataH apanI AMkhoM se dekhA thA, isa kAraNa ye saMgha ke eka staMbha the / inhIM ke jIvana carita ko isa kRti kI kathAvastu kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| vi.saM. 2016 meM maMtrI maganalAlajI kA svargavAsa haA, usake bAda magana caritra kA sRjana karane kA anukrama banA, lekina dakSiNa meM pravAsa aura madhyapradeza meM utpanna viplava ke kAraNa isameM vyavadhAna utpanna hotA rahA, antataH vi.saM. 2028 ASAr3ha mAsa kI pUrNimA guruvAra tadnusAra ATha julAI san 1971 ko isakI racanA pUrNa huI / isakI prathama prati muni zramaNa sAgara ne taiyAra kii| muni madhukarajI ne isako antima rUpa diyA aura sAdhvI pramukhAjI ne isakA sampAdana kiyA / kRti meM kula 949 padya haiM tathA dezI rAga-rAganiyoM kI lagabhaga bIsa layoM meM yaha racanA Abaddha hai| isakA sampUrNa kathAnaka pAMca yugoM meM vibhakta hai, yathA maghavA yuga, mANaka yuga, DAlima yuga, kAla yuga aura tulasI yug| chaThA vibhAga jIvana jhAMkI evaM prazasti kA hai / kRti kA AraMbha maghavA yuga se hotA hai| prAraMbha meM parameSThI ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, tatpazcAta moTA grAma (gogundA) kI prAkRtika chaTA kA manohArI varNana hai / isake bAda mevAr3a kI aitihAsikatA maMtrI muni kA pArivArika paricaya vairAgya, dIkSA, maghavA, mANaka, DAlima, kAlagaNI Adi AcAryoM kA sAnnidhya, ina AcAryoM ke kAla kI vividha ghaTanAoM meM maMtrI muni ke yogadAna kA varNana hai / tulasI yuga kA vivaraNa adhika vistAra se hai| chaThe vibhAga meM maMtrI muni ke madhura saMsmaraNoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai / prazista meM racanA krama meM utpanna bAdhAoM kA varNana carita kAvyoM kA mUlyAMkana - AcArya zrI tulasI kRta uparyukta cAroM carita kAvya apane Apa meM

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rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA aura A0 tulasIkRta carita kAvya 51 pUrNa evaM ullekhanIya carita kAvya haiN| ye carita kAvyoM ke samasta lakSaNoM se yukta haiM / bhAvapakSa evaM kalApakSa kI dRSTi se bhI ye kRtiyAM praur3ha tathA utkRSTa bhAvapakSa [1] kathAnaka--- kathAnaka kA saMkSipta sArAMza kRtiyoM ke paricaya ke antargata Upara diyA jA cukA hai| ina cAroM kRtiyoM kA yaha kathAnaka terApaMtha dharmasaMgha ke tIna AcAryoM kramazaH mANakagaNI, DAlamagaNI evaM kAlUgaNI tathA maMtrI muni ke rUpa meM khyAta maganamuni se sambandhita hai| cAroM hI kathAnaka aitihAsika haiM tathA terApaMtha dharma saMgha ke samakAlIna itivRtta kI prAmANika jAnakArI prastuta karate haiM / kathAnaka meM kalpanA kA samAveza nAma mAtra hai| mUla kathAnaka ke sAtha-sAtha prAsaMgika ghaTanAoM evaM AkhyAnoM kA sajIva evaM jIvaMta citraNa kavi kI apanI vizeSatA hai / isase kathAnaka kI maulikatA meM prAmANikatA kA samAveza huA hai / kathAnaka kI prastuti sahaja va svAbhAvika hai| atizayokti evaM ADambara se kavi ne sarvatra paraheja kiyA hai| kRtiyoM ke zIrSaka caritanAyakoM ke nAma para hI rakhe gaye haiM tathA unake jIvana kA samagra citraNa carita kAvyoM ke mUla lakSaNoM (jinakA ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai) ke anurUpa hai| [2] rasa yojanA--kAvya meM rasa kA prayoga kAvyAsvAda athavA kAvyAnanda ke liye hotA hai| ina carita kAvyoM meM vibhinna rasoM kA camatkArapUrNa paripAka huA hai| kAvya meM nau rasa mAne gaye haiM yathA---zRMgAra, karUNa, zAMta, hAsya, vIra, bhayAnaka, raudra, vibhatsa evaM adbhuta, kintu aba Adhunika sAhitya zAstriyoM ne vAtsalya ko bhI eka rasa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA hai| isa prakAra aba dasa rasa ho gaye haiN| AcArya zrI tulasI kRta ina cAroM hI kAvyoM meM kama jyAdA sabhI rasoM kA paripAka huA hai / kAlayazovilAsa meM svayaM kavi ne kahA hai zAnta karuNa rasa, taruNa hAsya rasa, vIrAdbhuta anavadya / prAdUrbhUta abhUtapUrva rasa, zrotA hRdaye sadya / / zAnta, karuNa, hAsya, vIra aura adbhUta rasa ke atirikta zRMgAra, raudra, vAtsalya, bhayAnaka Adi rasoM kA bhI anya kRtiyoM meM prayoga huA hai, lekina cAroM kRtiyoM meM pradhAna rasa zAnta rasa hI hai / yahI aMgI rasa bhI hai| zAnta rasa ke sahAyaka rasa ke rUpa meM karuNa, vAtsalya, vIra Adi rasa bhI kRtiyoM meM upasthita hai / kahIM-kahIM raudra adbhuta va bhayAnaka rasa bhI upalabdha hote haiN| vibhatsa va zRMgAra rasa kA prayoga sAhityika mAnyatA ke anurUpa nahIM huA hai / kyoMki cAroM hI kAvya zAnta rasAtmaka bhakti se paripUrNa hai, isa

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52 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna prakAra ina rasoM ke paripAka kA ina kRtiyoM meM avasara nahIM milA hai yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai| upalabdha rasoM ke udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM ---- zAnta rasa parama kRpAkara mujha ne guru SaDadarzana pATha par3hAve re / aru pramANa naya tatva graMtha ro, gaurava hRdaya biThAve re / / zrI kAla kalyANa mandira, pAda-pUrti stuti gAva re / saMvatsari-dina bhara pariSada meM suNa mujha mana sahalAvai re // (kAlU yazovilAsa, pR0 213) karuNa o binA vagata sUraja chipagyo, lAgai hai aMbariyo uunno| bujhagyo dIpaka jo jagamagato, karagyo sagale ghara ne sUno / / tArA-nakSatra ghaNAM nabhA meM, piNa cAMda binA phikA lAge / zAsaNa sAro saba sAdha-satyAM, zobhai zAsaNapati re sAgai / (DAlima caritra, pR068) vAtsalya mahaMgo mANakayoM, hIrA pannAM vica rAkhiyo puNyodaya-pApa parakhiyo, akhiyAM ro tAro, hAra hiyA ro jI / / komala hai kAyA, nizchala hai tana rI chAyA mana ko nirmala, nahiM mAyA AyAsa nahIM muni jIvana vAro jI // (mANaka mahimA, pR. 37) hAsya vRndAvana, mathUrA, kAzI, jAsI to pApa palAsI suNa-suNa mana meM Abai hAMsI, bAta duniyA rI / / gaMgA, gomatI, triveNI, nhA jIvana naiyA khennii| saba ravaye pApa kI zreNI, sahaja suvidhA rI / / (kAlUyazovilAsa, pR0 111) suNI marusthala thala rI yAtrA, karaNI mana meM tthaannii| ati Atapa, andhar3a, asabhyajana, nirjalamulka nisANI re / / sarada-mausama lakkar3adAho ghAma tapai jyaM bhaTTo / barasAla birakhA rA sAsA, ur3e mausamI maTaTI re / /

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rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA aura A0 tulasIkRta carita kAvya 53 milai na khAdya-padArtha-sArtha jiNa deze sAhiba svAdU / bAjara-roTa soTa sama nahiM koI phala rasa ro asvAdU re // (kAlU yazovilAsa, pR0 67) raudra santa satyAM pratidina sahI, gAlyAM rI bauchAra / rUpAM jataNI rAkhatI, satiyAM rI saMbhAra / patha meM Avata-jAvatAM, nAnA raMga biraMga / sahyA upadravazAnta mana, nita-nita nayA prasaMga / / dhairya dhvaMsinI dhRSTatA amAnuSika AcAra / kSamAzIla kSamA karai, tarkaNa sau takarAra / Aja rAMgar3I cauka meM, bhISaNa husI bhiDaMta / sahanazIlatA rI arI, sImA hovai aMta / / (kAlU yazovilAsa, pR0 135) bhayAnaka hAya vedanI kUra-karma, santA nai kyUM saMtAvai / apaNAM bAMdhyA Apa bhugataNAM kuNa vibhAga baMTAvai // kesUlA rA phUla TAMTiyA ro chAto le bAMdhyo, cUhai rI miMgaNiyAM kiNa hI TUTyo tAra na sAMdhyo / / par3e na pala bhara caina zahara bhara becainI phailI hai, beraNa baNI kacauTe bhItara syUM pizAba thailI hai| (magana caritra, pR0 104-105) adbhuta sura, dAnava, gandharva, sarva Aya mujha nai kahai / mAnUM nahIM sagarva, serApaMthI sAdha hai // (DAlima caritra, pR0 156) 3. prakRti varNana-AcArya zrI tulasI kRta ye cAroM hI caritakAvya prakRti varNana kI ramaNIyatA kI dRSTi se manohara evaM mugdhakara haiM / prakRti kI suramya chaTA kA varNana ina caritra kAvyoM, vizeSakara kAlayazovilAsa va magana caritra meM hai, vaha kavi kI maulikatA, sUkSma nirIkSaNa kuzalatA, prakRti prema kA paricAyaka hai / zAnta rasAtmaka kathAnaka meM bhI kavi ne bar3I kuzalatApUrvaka aise sthala khoja nikAle haiM, jahAM prakRti kA citraNa kara sake / yaha citraNa bhI bar3A sahaja aura svAbhAvika hai / kavi ne prakRti kI ramaNIyatA,

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna kamanIyatA va maulikatA kA pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai / yaha prakRti varNana kathAnaka ko Age bar3hAne meM sahAyaka huA hai, bojha bana kara nahIM AyA hai / prakRti citraNa ke sAtha-sAtha Rtu varNana bhI bar3A hI sarasa bana par3A hai| kavi ne terApaMtha ke maryAdA mahotsava jaise yathArtha ko RtuoM ke rUpa meM parikalpita kara apane sRjana zilpa ko naI UMcAI pradAna kI hai| prakRti varNana ke kucha udAharaNa dRSTavya hai-- gaMgA jamanA aura surasatI, uchala-uchala kara galai mile / viraha, patApa, saMtApa bhUlA kara rUM-rUM harSAkura khilai // gaharo raMga hRdaya meM rAce, nAcai madhukara jidhara nihaaro| terApaMtha paMtha ro praharI, mhAmochaba lAge pyAro / / (kAlU yazovilAsa, pR0 297) nIra bahai jhara-jhara jharaNAM ro, karaNAM ro bahalAva / amba-DAra koyaliyAM kujai, gUMja madhurA rAva / jAI-jUhI rI khuzabU hI, ali nikuramba vihAre / sAre"" .......... (magana caritra, pR0 7) kalA pakSa-AcAryazrI ke cAroM carita kAvya sRjana kI UrjA ke sUkSma saMvAhaka haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki ina kRtiyoM kA kalApakSa kathya ke nUtana unmeSa aura nava zilpana kI mInAkArI se ota-prota haiN| isa jIvaMta abhivyakti kA sAkSAtkAra dRSTavya hai---- 1. chanda -kavi ne apane bhAvoM ko chaMdoM meM pirokara kathAvastu ko sahaja saundarya pradAna kiyA hai| chandoM meM ApakA rAjasthAnI kA "gIta' chanda sarvAdhika priya rahA hai / gIta ke bAda dohA, soraNa, evaM lAvaNI chanda priya rahe haiM / ina cAroM chandoM kA cAroM kRtiyoM meM sarvAdhika bAra prayoga huA hai| gIta chanda laya yukta hai aura use vibhinna rAga-rAganiyoM meM nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| isaliye geyatA inakA pramukha lakSaNa hai| cAroM kRtiyoM meM prayukta anya chaMda isa prakAra haiM ---- kalaza, chappaya, mandAkrAntA, zikhariNI, dumilA, indava, gItaka, caupaI, mukta, zArdUlavikrIDita, bhujaMgaprayAta, motIdAma, vasantatilakA, upajAti dutavilambita, rAmAyaNa, harigItaka navIna chanda Adi / 2. alaMkAra-AcAryazrI ne apane kAvya meM alaMkAroM ko saprayAsa aura lUMsa-ThUsa kara nahIM bharA haiM, isa kAraNa ye cAroM kRtiyAM bojhila nahIM apitu sarasa haiN| jahAM kahIM para bhI alaMkAra Aye haiM ve sahaja evaM svAbhAvika rUpa se Aye haiM / isase kAvya kA kalAgata saundarya bar3hA hai aura kavi kI kalAvAdI dRSTi kI prAkRtikatA evaM svaprerita garimA bhI spaSTa huI hai / yaha

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rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA aura A0 tulasIkRta carita kAvya 55 AcArya zrI tulasI ke kavi hRdaya kI praur3hatA ko parilakSita karatA hai| ina cAroM kRtiyoM meM koI bhI aisA pada nahIM hai jo alaMkRta nahIM ho / yadi kisI pada meM arthAlaMkAra kA prayoga nahIM ho sakA to vahAM para zabdAlaMkAra kI ramaNIyatA avazya upalabdha ho jaayegii| zabdAlaMkAra meM anuprAsa tathA yamaka kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se milatA hai / anupAsa meM lATAnuprAsa, chekAnuprAsa aura vRtyAnuprAsa kavi ko vizeSa priya rahe haiM / arthAlaMkAroM meM kavi ne rUpaka, upamA utprekSA, dRSTAnta Adi kA vizeSa prayoga kiyA hai / kucha udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM --- anuprAsa jAMgala jIva bher3iyA bhAlU, sAMbhara, zazaka siyAra (magana caritra, pR0 7) rUpaka kSamA khar3aga kara dhara subhaga, dharma-DhAla dRr3ha DhAla / zAstra zastra, jina va ca kavaca, pratyAkramaNa karAla / / (kAlUyazovilAsa, pR0 132) upamA bAMdhyor3I maryAdA bhArI bhikSurAjajI, gUMtha phUlamAlA-sI baNAI haajrii| (DAlima caritra, pR0 34) mAlopamA bilakula khAlI pAtra syUM re, kyaMkara khalakyo nIra / jholI pAtra judA-judA re, dikhalAyA dhara dhIra / pakar3ayo vandhyA-putra nai re, corI meM caugAna / ghasyo sIMga kharagoza ro re, auSadhi hita anupAna // (DAlima caritra, pR0 42) yamaka atanu aSTa agha naSTa kari, tadanu atanutA prApta / atanu namata spaSTA guNa, pratanu karma ho jAta // (mANaka mahimA, pR0 26) utprekSA pIyUSavarSiNI dRSTi huI, mAno mana cAhI vRSTi huI / saMtoSa poSa kI sRSTi huI, vizvAsa vRddhi utkRSTi huI / (magana caritra, pR0 33) zleSa solaha varasAM rI vaya pAI, kI sau varasAM rI bhara paaii| tiNa meM to bholAvata goto,, ke karato syANAvata hoto // (magana caritra, pR0 5)

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56 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna vyAjokti eka-eka guNa Upare koTi-koTi kavirAja / varaNana kara karatA thakaM, nija kavitA rai vyAja // (kAlU yazovilAsa, pR0 404) atizayokti o nirNaya nyAyadhIzAM ro, suNa-suNa dhUje dharatI rai| (DAlima caritra, pR0 66) daSTAnta __ jayAcAryaM anivArya Aja, jayapura meM jhaNDa jamAva / bar3e bhAga saubhAga zahara meM, pAvasa-jhar3a barasAvai // (mANaka mahimA, pR0 27) atireka mAkhaNa syUM bar3hakara komala madhava hRdaya hai| (magana caritra, pR0 17) smaraNa are re ! bai rAtAM, vigata dina bAMtA sUmaratAM, bharIjai hai chAtI, viraha duHkha bAtI ubharatA / kaThe ve zrIkAlU varada kara mhArai zira dhryo| manai pAlyo posyo, madhu madhura zikSAmRta jharyo / ___ (magana caritra, pR0 16) virodhAbhAsa svAsthya-vighAtaka mITho imarata, viSa so kAma bar3hAvai / svAsthya sudhAraka viSa bhI imarata kI tulanA meM Avai // (magana caritra, pR0 69) ina uddharaNoM ke alAvA aura bhI alaMkAra yathA nidarzanA, svAbhAvokti, udAharaNa, prativastupamA Adi kA prayoga bho dekhane ko milatA hai| vayaNa sagAI-yaha rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM prayukta sarvAdhika lokapriya zabdAlaMkAra hai| rAjasthAnI ke atirikta anya kisI bhASA meM yaha alaMkAra dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai / AcAryazrI tulasI kI ina cAroM kRtiyoM meM bhI yaha vayaNa sagAI alaMkAra upalabdha hotA hai, yadyapi kavi ne anya DiMgala yA rAjasthAnI kaviyoM kI taraha isa vayaNa sagAI alaMkAra kA prayoga anivArya rUpa meM nahIM kiyA hai aura na isa alaMkAra ko saprayAsa kAvya meM lAne kA hI prayAsa kiyA hai| jahA~ kahIM bhI yaha AyA hai svAbhAvika rUpa se AyA hai| yaha vayaNa sagAI alaMkAra tIna prakAra kA hotA hai, Adimela, madhyamela evaM

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rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA aura A0 tulasIkRta carita kAvya 57 antamela / ina tInoM kA prayoga ina carita kAvyoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai, yathA(ka) Adimela vayaNa sagAI o zarIra nahI Aparo (magana caritra, pR0 100) vividha huI vagasIsa (kAlUyazovilAsa, pR0 20) (kha) madhyamela vayaNa magAI magavA bola amola (magana caritra, pR0 127) (kAlUyazovilAsa, pR0 141) kiyo ghaNo takarAra (ga) antamela vayaNa sagAI taba syUM hI nirNIta (DAlima caritra, pR0 111) milyo nahIM ArAma (mANaka mahimA, pR0 47) 3. bhASA zailI AcAryazrI kI ye cAroM kRtiyAM zAnta rasAtmaka bhakti se sambandhita hai| isa kAraNa inakI bhASA bhI viSayavastu ke anurUpa Adhunika rAjasthAnI hai / bhASA sIdhI, sarala, bodhagamya evaM sahaja hai| kliSTatA va durUhatA kA abhAva hai| Ama AdamI isa bhASA ko samajhane evaM bhAvoM ko grahaNa karane meM sakSama haiN| isa taraha yaha bhASA madhyakAlIna saMtoM ke sAhitya kI sadhukkar3I bhASA ke guNoM se AvRtta hai| isa rAjasthAnI para hindI bhASA kA spaSTataH prabhAva hai / prasaMgAnusAra prAkRta evaM saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga bhI kavi ne sAthasAtha hI kiyA hai / "kAlUyazovilAsa' meM pratyeka vilAsa ke Arambha va bhanta meM saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga kavi ne anivAryata: kiyA hai| kintu isase rAjasthAnI ke pravAha evaM kathAnaka ke vistAra meM kahIM bAdhA nahIM AI hai| cAroM hI kAvyoM kI zailI kathAtmaka evaM varNanAtmaka hai, geyatA isakA pramukha guNa hai| vividha chandoM ke sAtha gItoM ko layabaddha kiyA hai aura pratyeka gIta kI laya kA saMketa bhI kiyA hai / isa taraha vividha prAcIna madhyakAlIna evaM Adhunika rAga-rAganiyoM ke samAveza ke kAraNa ye carita kAvya par3hane se bhI jyAdA sunane meM bar3e karNapriya lagate haiN| vyAkhyAnoM meM inako geya rUpa meM prastuta karane se inakI lokapriyatA nirantara bar3ha rahI hai / isI taraha

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58 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna mukhya ghaTanAoM ke sAtha-sAtha prAsaMgika ghaTanAeM evaM AkhyAnoM ke saMdarbha kAraNa inakI kathya zailI adhika praur3ha va paripakva huI hai / prasaMgAnusAra padyamaya saMvAda bhI isameM bar3e AkarSaka bana par3e haiM / prakRti varNana ne bhI ina kAvyoM ko zailIko AkarSaka banAyA hai / bhASA evaM zailI meM zabda cayana evaM kahAvatoM va muhAvaroM kA mahattva pUrNa sthAna hotA hai / isa dRSTi se bhI ye kRtiyAM mUlyavAn bana par3I haiM / (1) zabda cayana kAvya saundarya kI abhivRddhi ke liye kavi ne zabda cayana aura unake prayoga ko bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha kiyA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki eka-eka zabda cuna-cuna kara rakhA hai / zabda ke mAdhyama se artha aura bhAva kA saphala dyotana karA denA saphala kavi kI pahacAna hai / kavi ne yathA sthAna komala kAnta zAMta rasAntaka aura ojamayI padAvalI se kAvya kA zrRMgAra kiyA hai, isase kAvya meM citrAtmakatA paidA huI hai aura bimba va pratIkoM kI sRSTi huI hai / bhASA kA nAda - saundarya zabdoM kI dhvani se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai / vastutaH apane zabdacayana dvArA artha kA mana cAhA prayoga karA lenA AcAryazrI tulasI kI apanI vizeSatA hai / zabda- cayana kI dRSTi se isameM tatsama tadabhava, dezaja aura Agata (urdU, phArasI, arabI, aMgrejI) ina cAroM prakAra ke zabdoM kA kavi ne bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha prayoga kiyA hai, yathA-- tatsama zabda tadbhava dezaja ka- mANaka mahimA - saMyama, vAtsalya, avani, kusuma, vinaya kha - DAlima caritra smRti, pAvana, prajJA, patha, atula, anurAga ga-- kAlUyazovilAsa--- sarasa, nizi, prabhA, parimala, nUtana, nabha gha - magana carita -- locana, aMga, nIrakha madhura, vikAsa - ka - mANaka mahimA - pichANa, jatana, pAchala, bhekha, mAtho kha - DAlima caritra - kAma, vairAga, barasa, chinna, jugagI, pUnama ga - kAlUyazovilAsa-mAtA, minakha, pIr3hI, mevAr3a, kAna dha -- magana caritra - jaza, nakhata, thira, mocchava, caumAsA ka --mANaka mahimA - TAlokara, kosa, AMgUca, kUka, TIsa, moTI kha - DAlima caritra - rAbar3I, raliyAvaNI, pachevar3I, olaMbho parapUTha ga kAlU yazovilAsa - nAnUr3o, ramata, TAbara, bhAkhara, DaMDo gha -- magana caritra -- cokhalA, bAphalA, DhokalA magarA, gaDAra

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rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA aura A0 tulasIkRta carita kAvya 59 Agata zabda-urdU arabI-phArasI ka--mANaka mahimA--jindAdilI, kabjA, bagasIsa, takhata, abada, pharja, arja, kudarata, aphavAha, phauja kha-DAlima carita-tamAsA phajIta, ikarAra, gaphalata, bhAnedAra ga-kAlU yazovilAsa ----aMdAja tajavIja, saphA, lavAjamA, khulAsA, hakIkata, hAkama, hajUra gha-magana caritra-khabara, maMjila, maMjUra, daramiyAna, razma aMgrejI ka-mANaka mahimA-geTa mAila, TAima, DAkTara kha-DAlima caritra -TelIgrAma, minaTa, poiMTa, kaiMsara ga----kAlUyazovilAsa-gajaTa, kauMsila, kameTI, membara, sepha, pulisa kAleja, minisTara, posTara, pempaleTa gha--magana caritra----inarajI, lIvara, ror3a, Trena, iMjekzana (2) kahAvateM evaM muhAvareM kAvya meM kahAvatoM evaM muhAvaroM kA prayoga kathAvastu ko gati dene tathA bhASA kI abhivyaMjanA zakti meM vRddhi karane ke liye hotA hai| AcArya zrI tulasI ne apane carita kAvyoM meM inakA saTIka prayoga kiyA hai| ye kahAvateM evaM muhAvare adhikatara loka pracalita haiN| kahI-kahIM sthAnIya muhAvaroM va kahAvatoM ko bhI kAvya meM liyA gayA hai| isase bhASA zailI sazakta huI hai aura kama zabdoM meM adhika bAta kahakara bhAvoM ko kavi ne nayA unmeSa pradAna kiyA hai / namUne ke rUpa meM kucha kahAvateM va muhAvareM isa prakAra haiMmANaka mahimA __ loha caNAM cabANAM (pR0 42) ....-AkhyAM Agalai rai chAyo ghora tamis (pR0 48) DAlima caritra jalyo dUdha ro Darai chAcha sUM--(pR0 194) sAta hAtha kI sor3a nIMbUliyo nicor3a (pR.192) kAlU yazovilAsa ---jalai gohire rai pAtaka sUM pIpala rai loya--(pR0 75) ----UMdhe mAthe kyUM par3e re (pR0 281) aMbara TUTa paDyo re (pR0289) -~-AMkha-kAMna meM AMtaro (pR0 281) palaka bichAyAM bATa taka (pR0 296)

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna __---mana ro jANyo kada huvai (pR0 349) Tukar3A-Tukar3A huvai kalejo (pR0 339) magana caritra ----joza meM ho saMtA rAkho hoza (pR0 48) ---jaga hAMsI ghara hAMNa (pR0 48) -~~~-dekha tilAM meM tela, jalyo dUdha ro phUMka-phUMka kara taka pIvai (pR0 351) (4) kavi kI bahujJatA AcAryazrI tulasI ke ina cAroM carita kAvyoM se kavi kI bahujJatA bhI paga-paga para parilakSita hotI hai| kavi kAvya zAstra kA marmajJa to hai hI lekina ina kAvyoM meM kavi ke Ayurveda evaM jyotiSa sambandhI jJAna para bhI paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| kavi SaTdarzana kA bhI jJAtA hai| kavi meM jaina dharma darzana, va nIti zAstra kI bhI gUr3ha pakar3a hai / terApaMtha dharmasaMgha ke itihAsa kI jAnakArI bhI prAmANika rUpa se hai| isake sAtha hI tatkAlIna rAjavaMzoM ke itihAsa kI bhI pakar3a hai / kathAnaka ko gati dene ke liye kavi ne paurANika va aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA bhI sahArA liyA hai| kavi kA bhaugolika jJAna bhI paga-paga para dRSTavya hai / sAmAjika rIti-rivAja, khAna-pAna, sAMskRtika mUlya Adi para bhI acchI dakhala hai / prakRti citraNa va RtuoM ke varNana se kavi kI naisargika jAnakArI bhI parilakSita hotI hai| kavi bahubhASA vida bhI hai / vaha na kevala rAjasthAnI kA apitu saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI, aMgrejI, hariyANavI, paMjAbI Adi bhASAoM kA bhI jJAtA hai / kavi saMgItajJa bhI hai| vibhinna rAga-rAganiyoM meM nibaddha gIta usake pramANa haiM / chaMda zAstra, alaMkAra zAstra, dhvani zAstra, aura vyAkaraNa zAstra meM bhI kavi kA jJAna bar3hA-car3hA hai / aisI aura bhI bahuta sI bAteM haiM, jisase kavi kI bahujJatA prakaTa hotI hai, tathA bahujJatA sambandhI sAmagrI ko udAharaNa sahita vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA sakatA hai / prAcIna sAhitya zAstra ke granthoM meM isa bAta ke nirdeza diye gaye haiM ki kavi ko aneka bAtoM kA jJAna rakhanA cAhiye, usakI bahujJatA kAvya ko samRddha karatI hai| rAjazekhara ke "kAvyamImAMsA' aura saMskRta ke eka anya grantha "kavikarpaTikA' meM aise ullekha haiN| ina saMdarbho ke AdhAra para dekheM to AcAryazrI tulasI kI eka kavi ke rUpa meM bahujJatA ullekhanIya, prazaMsanIya evaM mahanIya hai| 5 upasaMhAra uparyukta saMkSipta mUlyAMkana se yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArya zrI tulasI ke mANaka mahimA, DAlima caritra, kAlUyazovilAsa aura magana caritra zIrSaka

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rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA aura A0 tulasIkRta carita kAvya 61 cAroM carita kAvyoM kA rAjasthAnI carita kAvya-paramparA meM viziSTa sthAna hai| inase na kevala rAjasthAna kI tatkAlIna samAja vyavasthA, sAMskRtika va sAhityika pariveza para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai, balki terApaMtha dharmasaMgha kI rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI dena ko samajhane va svIkArane meM bhI madada milatI hai / isa carita kAvya-paramparA kA agara alaga zodha prabandha ke mAdhyama se tulanAtmaka, vizleSaNAtka evaM vivecanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA jAe tabhI inake sAtha nyAya ho skegaa| saMdarbha 1. DaoN. deva koThArI-rAjasthAnI sAhitya (a. zo. pra.) pR0 77 2. vahI, pR0 68 3. pro. maMjulAla, ra. majUmadAra-gujarAtI sAhitya nA svarUpo, pR. 80-81 4. agaracanda nAhaTA--prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa paramparA pR. 16

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AcArya bhikSukRta sudarzana carita kA kAvya sauMdarya [] DA0 harizaMkara pANDeya anubhUti kI sahaja evaM rasamaya abhivyakti kAvya hai / isakI sphuraNA meM zakti, nipuNatA aura abhyAsa kA samanvita yoga hotA hai' yA abhyantara aura bAhya donoM prayatna apekSita haiM- 'samAdhirAntaraprayatna bAhyastvabhyAsaH tau ubhau api zaktimudbhAsayata : ' / 2 kavi lokazAstra se saMgrahita anubhavoM ko apekSita carvaNIyatA evaM abhivyaMjanA zailI se AveSTita kara kAvya kA sRjana karatA hai, jo kSaNa-kSaNa navInatA se yukta, vidhAtA kI sRSTi se vilakSaNa evaM kevalAhlAdavRtti sampanna hotA hai / " jo samAja meM adhika prabhAvaka hotA hai / mammaTa ne ise kAntA sammita- upadeza kahA hai jo zeSa do upadeza paddhatiyoM (prabhusammita aura mitrasammita) se zreSTha evaM samartha hotA hai / isI kAraNa AcArya, samAja-sudhAraka, sampradAya pravartaka utkRSTa jIvanadarzana, AcArasaMhitA aura Atma-mImAMsA jaise gUr3ha viSayoM ko Astika janatA taka pahuMcAne athavA vizvamaMgala kI bhAvanA se abhibhUta hokara isa paddhati kA AzrayaNa karate haiM / AcArya pravara bhikSu eka sazakta, zreSTha aura ratnatrayaniSTha zramaNa to the hI sAtha hI zemuSI - pratibhA sampanna evaM cidambarIya kalpanA - niSNAta eka kavi bhI the / 'kavirmanISI paribhUH svayaMbhU' kA sArthaka saMvidhAna unake vyaktitva meM pUrNatayA saMgaThita hotA dikhAI par3atA hai / marudhara kI pavitra mATI meM janame, mIrA, rasakhAna Adi aneka zreSTha evaM vareNya kaviyoM kI paraMparA meM agragaNya AcArya bhikSu ne 'gAma - gahelarI' ke samAna nisarga ramaNIyA rAjasthAnI bhASA ke rUcya-rUpa- lAvaNya para mugdha hokara isI ke mAdhyama se vANI kA vistAra diyA / Astika janatA ke samakSa sadA upacita hone vAlI amRta rasa taraMginI prastuta kI / isa mahAkavi ne aneka kAvyavidhAoM kA sRjana kiyA hai / sudarzana carita' eka utkRSTa kAvya guNoM se samanvita, zIla- nirUpaNa - pradhAna eka zreSTha mahAkAvya hai, jisameM se kulabhUSaNa- sudarzana ke caritra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / rasamayatA, naisagikatA, caritra - zIla kI pratiSThA alaMkAroM kA ucita sanniveza Adi ke kAraNa ise caritrakAvya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai /

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AcArya bhikSukRta sudarzana carita kA kAvya saundarya vastu-saMyojana - lokapracalita yA itihAsa prasiddha kathA ko kavi apanI anubhUti kI vyApakatA aura abhivyakti kI kalA meM AveSTita kara nirUpita karatA hai to vaha vastu kahalAtI hai / sudarzana-carita kI kathA itihAsa prasiddha kivA jainasAhitya meM khyAtilabdha hai / saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke aneka kaviyoM isa kathA kA azrayaNa kara apanI kAvya-kalA kA vistAra diyA hai / campAnagarI meM seTha RSabhadAsa kA putra sudarzana rUpavAn guNavAn aura zIlasampanna navayuvaka thA / jina dharma meM prarUpita zrAvaka vratoM kA anupAlaka thA / sArthaka abhidhAna-abhihitA sundarI 'manoramA' usakI bhAryA thI / vAra-bAra upasarga Ane para bhI sudarzana zIlabhraSTa nahIM hotA hai / zIla-sampanna hokara dharmaghoSa sthavira ke pAsa dIkSita hotA hai / anta meM nirvANa ko prApta karatA hai / prastuta kathA zIlasthApatya meM nirUpita hai / zIla-saundarya kA prarUpaNa hI isakA mukhya lakSya hai / kapilA, abhayA aura davadantI vezyA ke dvArA bhUyobhUya kAmuka upasarga die jAne para bhI seTha zIla kI rakSA karatA hai / isa kAvya kA prArambha bhI zIla- nirUpaNa se hotA hai| 63 : zIlavrata jiNa zuddha maneM pAlyo niraticAra | ghora pariSaha UpaNA piNa Dolyo nahIM ligAra // zIlavanta sabahI bar3A je pAle nirmala zIla / " X X X zIla thakI je gira paDyA teha suNe citta lyAya / sampUrNa kAvya zIla- sthApanA meM hI samarpita hai / 16 veM DhAla meM zIla kA kAvyAtmaka rUpa darzanIya hai zIla vrata ho vratAM meM pradhAna || jaise ratnoM meM vaiDUrya maNi aura puSpoM meM aravinda zreSTha hai usI prakAra vratoM meM zIla ratnA meM vaiDUrya moTako phUlAM meM ho moTo phUla araviMda / jyUM vratAM meM zIlavrata baDo // isa kathA meM pUrvadIpti praNAlI ( phleza baika siSTama ) ke tattva bhI pAe jAte haiM / dharmaghoSa muni ke dvArA kathita seTha sudarzana ke pUrva janmoM kI kathA " pUrvadIpti praNAlI kA nidarzana hai / caritrakAvyoM kA yaha pramukha vaiziSTaya hai / isa caritakAvya meM bhUta evaM vartamAna kA mizraNa hone ke kAraNa 'kAlamizraNa - sthApatya' bhI pAyA jAtA hai / seTha kI pUrva janma kI kathA bhUtakAla aura vartamAna janma kI kathA vartamAna kAla ke udAharaNa haiM / isake atirikta kathA

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna vastu meM rAjaprAsAda sthApatya, maMDanazilpa, udAttIkaraNa evaM parAmanovaijJAnika zilpa Adi ke prayoga se isa mahAkAvya meM nATaka kI taraha romAMcakatA evaM upanyAsa kI taraha kautuhala-vRtti AdyaMta banI rahatI hai / / caritracitraNa mahAkavi bhikSu ne aneka sazakta evaM prabhAvaka pAtroM kA citraNa kiyA hai / puruSa pAtroM meM mukhyata: rAjA dhAtrIvAhana, brAhmaNa-kapila, seTha sudarzana aura muni dharmaghoSAdi mukhya haiN| nArI pAtroM meM seTha-bhAryA-manoramA, kapilA, rAnI-abhayA, dhAtrI aura davadantI vezyAdi haiN| inameM seTha sudarzana, manoramA aura dharmaghoSa muni ko chor3akara zeSa vipakSI caritra (khalanAyaka) meM parigaNita haiN| seTha sudarzana ratnatraya meM pratiSThita evaM sArthaka guNoM se vibhUSita caritra kA nAma hai seTha sudarzana / usake bAhya-rUpa saMhanana to utkRSTa the hI abhyantara zIlacArutA bhI avarNanIya thii| dharma nirata zrAvaka, nijakuTumba-meDhIbhUta-seTha vRSabhadAsa aura 'rUpa guNe zrIkAra' bhAryA jinamatI se rUpa-lakSaNa-guNa-sampanna sukumAla-putra kA janma huaa| vaha vyaJjanAdi se yukta thA / " vaha dhIre-dhIre javAnI ke ramaNIya evaM lubhAvane rUpa se paripUrNa hotA hai, sAtha hI zIla-suSamA meM pUrNa pratiSThA ko bhI prApta karatA hai| jisake guNa ko sunakara kAyara bhI zUra-vIra ho jAte haiM :--- kAyara suNa huvai sUramA, sUrA piNa hoya ati hI aDola / sudarzana guNa sAMbhalI, pAle zIla amola // sudarzana zIla pAlane, gayo paMcamI gati pradhAna // 12 bAlyakAla ke bAda vaha zrAvaka ke rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai / parISahoM ke upasthita hone ke bAvajUda vaha vaise hI sthira rahatA hai jaise "phoMjA meM pIla salIla" / seTha dRr3hadharmI aura dRr3havatI thaa| meru, pRthvI Adi caMcala ho sakate haiM lekina seTha sthira aura aDola thA--- dRr3hadharmI dRr3haAtmA lIdhA ne na muMke re // pINa seTha cale nahIM dharma thI, priya dharmI che puchore / / 14 isake atirikta meTha sudarzana dhyAna-nirata15, ajeya, satyavratI16, brahmacArI17, nArI ke prati mAtRbhAva, uttamaprANI, baDavIra seTha, udAracaritra, sAdhubhakta Adi rUpoM meM dRggocara hotA hai / manoramA seTha kI bhAryA manoramA yuvatI, zIlavaMtI evaM guNa-pratiSThitA nArI

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AcArya bhikSukRta sudarzana carita kA kAvya saundarya 65 thI / vaha satI evaM zrAvaka-vrata meM pratiSThita thI 'satI manoramA naar| pAle zrAvakanAM vratavAra' // 16 dharma-karma kA nirvAha pati ke sAtha milakara karatI thii| vaha saMtoSI thI 'ima seTha saMtoSI manoramA nArI re // 9 pati sudarzana ko jhUThe abhiyoga meM phaMsAkara rAjA dvArA prANadaNDa die jAne para tanika bhI vicalita nahIM hotI balki pati mArga kA anusaraNa karatI hai kAusagga kiyo mahaloM meM jAi re / dharma dhyAna rahe citta dhyAi re // 20 __ pati ke punarAgamana para prasanna hokara saMsAra sukha kA upabhoga karatI hai| manoramA kA caritra taba atyanta utkarSa ko prApta hotA hai, jaba apane hI mukha se apane prANa-priya pati ko zramaNa-dharma meM pratiSThita hone kI kAmanA karatI hai / nArI ke lie usakA pati hI sarvasva hotA hai / kauna aisI nArI hogI jo haMsate-haMsate apanA sarvasva kA parityAga kara degii| bhArata kI yahI mahanIya paramparA rahI hai| buddha kI yazodharA kahatI hai-- hamI bheja detI haiM raNa meM kSAtra dharma ke nAte / manoramA ke zabda hRdayAvarjaka hai--- manoramA kahe sIsanAma ne Apa mhAMne choDyA cha Aja / jatna ghaNAM kara pAlajyo sArajoM AtmakAja / / pAMca pramAda ne choDane Alasa aMga ma ANa / Ara dhajyo guru AganyA pohaco begA nirvANa // " vAha ! satI manoramA ne apanA dharma pUrNa kara diyaa| Aja ke samAja ke lie pArvatI, anasuiyA, sItA, candanabAlA, rAjImatI aura zivanandA kI taraha hI manoramA upajIvyA evaM sammAnyA hai| manoramA ke atirikta nArI pAtroM meM viSaya-vigUtI-kapilA, abhayA aura devadattA-vezyA Adi upasarga dAtrI ke rUpa meM prastuta huI haiN| rAnI abhayA rUpa garvitA evaM yauvanonmattA thii| use apane rUpa para itanA garva thA ki 'maiM saMsAra ko vaza meM kara sakatI hUM, lekina usa kuTilA kAmalampaTA ko kyA patA ki seTha sudarzana bhI isI dharatI kA manorama prasUna hai|| rAnI abhayA kI dhAI prapaJca-nipuNA hai / usake dvArA abhayA ko die gae upadeza usakI pravINatA ke paricAyaka hai| dvArapAla ko dhokhA dekara

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna seTha sudarzana ko rAnI ke mahala meM lAtI hai / sthavira dharmaghoSa darzana-jJAna-cAritra sampanna sAdhu ke rUpa meM prastuta hue haiM / isa prakAra AcAryapravara bhikSu caritra-citraNa meM saphala hue hai| kathopakathana kathopakathana yA saMvAda kisI bhI kAvya ke ramaNIyatva saMvarddhana meM sahAyaka hotA hai / isase nATaka kI taraha romAMcakatA evaM navInatA kA saMvarddhana hotA hai / sudarzanacaritra meM aneka sundara saMvAdoM kA saMgumphana huA hai, jo mukhya kathA ko phala lAbha taka le jAne meM saphala hue haiN| seTha sudarzana-kapilA, kapilA-abhayA, abhayA-dhAtrI, sudarzana-manoramA, sudarzana-sthavira-dharmaghoSa Adi saMvAda pramukha haiN| sudarzana-kapilA saMvAda meM kapilA kI kAmukI-vRtti evaM seTha kI zIla-dRr3hatA kA paricaya milatA hai| kapilA-abhayA saMvAda meM abhayA kA jhUThA rUpa-garva evaM kapilA ko phaMsAne vAlI duSTavRtti kA pratipAdana huA hai| abhayA-dhAtrI saMvAda meM abhayA kI kAma-vihnatA evaM dhAtrI kI nipuNatA evaM sudarzana-manoramA meM nArI-jAti kA tyAga spaSTa rUpeNa pratibimbita huA hai| rasa-- rasa ko kAvya kI AtmA kahA gayA hai| rasahIna kAvya kAvya nahIM ho sktaa| sudarzana caritra vIra rasa pradhAna hai tathA zAnta, karuNa, zRMgAra, bhayAnaka Adi rasa vIrarasa ke upakaraNa rUpa meM prastuta hue haiN| vIrarasa : vIrarasa kA sthAIbhAva utsAha hai| seTha sudarzana kA caritra vIrarasa kA zreSTha nidarzana hai / bAhya duzmanoM para vijaya prApta kara to sabhI yoddhA bana jAte haiM lekina vAstavika yoddhA to vahIM hotA hai jo Antarika ripuoM ko jIta kara ratnatraya meM sthita rahatA hai| seTha jIvana bhara atyanta utsAha ke sAtha saMgharSa zIla rahatA hai, sarvatra vijayI hotA hai / zIlavata meM vaha dRr3ha rahatA hai| kavi ne aneka sthaloM para seTha ke lie dRr3hadharmA, dRr3havatI Adi vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| rUpavatI yauvanonmattA abhayA ke dvArA aMga meM lipaTa jAne para bhI seTha aDola rahatA hai seTha ne aMga sU bhIDiyo piNa Digyo nahIM tila mAta / 2 vaha AtmA ko dRr3ha kara letA hai.--- jI ho seTha sudarzana nAma, tima dRDha kara lIdhI nija AtmA jI / " prANa para saMkaTa AyA dekhakara vaha seTha tanika bhI nahIM DigatA hai /

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67 AcArya bhikSukRta sudarzana carita kA kAvya saundarya tIna bAra upasargoM meM phaMsane para bhI vaha aDola rahatA hai / jisa kAma yuddha meM bar3e-bar3e mahArathI loga bhI parAjita ho jAte haiM use sudarzana anAyAsa hI jIta kara ajeya yoddhA bana jAtA hai / raudra : 'krodha' raudra rasa kA sthAI- bhAva hai / rAnI - abhayA ke vizvAsa meM Akara rAjA sudarzana ko prANadaNDa detA hai / yahAM rAjA kA kopa raudrarasa kA udAharaNa hai-- e bAta suNI rAya kopiyo tIna lIhaTI cADha nilADa / iNa seTha sudarzana neM mAravA kiNa vidha deU prahAra // * zrRMgAra : zRMgAra rasa kA sthAI bhAva hai 'rati' / kapilA, abhayA evaM davadantI vezyA kI kAmukI ceSTAeM zRMgAra rasa ke udAharaNa haiM / sudarzana-manoramA ko chor3akara zeSa apuSTa zRMgAra ke nidarzana haiM / adhikAMza sthaloM para vipralambha zRMgAra ke udAharaNa milate haiM--- rUpe raMbhA sArakhI apacchara re uNiyAra / zIlAdi guNa rahita nirlaja nAra kapilA seTha ke kAma viraha meM vyathita kapilA kAma Atura thai re lAla / 'kUDa kapaTanI kothalI' kapilA nAra viraha meM thaka gayI, usakA eka bhI 'DAva' nahIM lagA, seTha milana kI cAva adhUrI raha gaI / " yaha vipralambha zrRMgAra kA udAharaNa hai / kapilA kI taraha apAra rUpavatI 'aMga upaMga zrIkAra' aura 'vijalanI - camatkAra' se yukta rAnI abhayA bhI seTha se bhoga bhogane ke lie becaina hai / anta meM parAjita hotI hai / usakI icchA adhUrI raha jAtI hai / karuNa : karuNa rasa kA sthAI bhAva duHkha hai / seTha sudarzana ko zUlI para laTakAe jAne kI ghoSaNA sunakara sArI prajA hAhAkAra kara uThI / use aba seTha jIvana kI AzA samApta ho gaI thii| jIvana kI AzA na rahe vahAM karuNa rasa kA sAmrAjya hotA hai! jaise bhavabhUti ke rAma ko sItA- milana viSayaka AzA samApta ho gaI hai / seTha sudarzana kI kAruNika sthiti aMga upaMga maroDane gADho bAMdhyoM seTha ne tAsa / e bAta suNI che seTha nI sArA nagara majhAra // isa prakAra rasa viniyojana meM kavi saphala huA hai /

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68 alaMkAra rasa kAvya - zarIra kI AtmA hai to alaMkAra kAvya- zarIra zobhAsaMvarddhaka bAhyavibhUSaNa / alaMkAra-rahitA sarasvatI vidhavA-nArI kI taraha suzobhita nahIM hotI hai / sudarzana caritra meM aneka sundara alaMkAroM kA rusanniveza huA hai / upamA aura utprekSA kI pradhAnatA hai, anya alaMkAra bhI viniyukta hue haiM --- 27 bharatakSetra aMgadeza meM re lAla iMdrapUrI sama jANa re / yahAM para bharatakSetra kI upamA iMdrapurI se dI gaI hai / 'rUpe rambhA sArakhI " - abhayA rAnI kI upamA rambhA apsarA se dI zArIrika saMgaThana evaM rUpa-saundarya 128 gaI hai / jisa prakAra rambhA apsarA ke utkRSTa the usI prakAra abhayA rAnI thI / 16 veM DhAla meM zIlavrata ke lie aneka upamAoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai-- terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna graha nakSatra tArA nAM vRMda meM ghaNo sobhe moTo jimacanda | ratna maiM vaiDUryaM moTako phUlAM meM ho moTo phUla araviMda // jyaM vratAM meM zIlavrata baDo || arthAt jaise graha, nakSatra evaM tArAoM ke samUha meM candramA, ratnoM meM vaiDUrya tathA phUloM meM aravinda zreSTha hai usI prakAra vratoM meM zIlavrata bar3A hai / dRSTAnta----- vajana kA ho dhAyajI harizcaMdra baDavIra / bhariyo Duma ghara nIra, nIca taNI sevA karo jI // vyatireka 14.4- 51 kAvyaliMga 2 duhA 7, rUpaka 1.8, 6.3-4 Adi aneka alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai / bhASA-zailI--- nisarga - ramaNIyatA evaM svacchanda - pravahaNIyatA se yukta rAjasthAnI bhASA meM vivecya kAvya kI viracanA huI hai / saMskRta kA lAlitya, prAkRta kI sahajatA evaM hindI kI zrutimadhuratA ke saMgama para rAjasthAnI bhASA kA prAsAda avasthita hai | rAjasthAnI bhASA meM viracita hone ke kAraNa usake sampUrNa guNa - saralatA, cArutA, sahaja - sampreSaNIyatA evaM naisargikatA Adi vivecya kAvya meM anusyUta haiM / zabdoM kI zravaNa-sukhada saMghaTanA, vaidarbhI kA sahaja lAsya, alaMkAroM kA cArusanniveza, sundara - padoM kA ucita vinyAsa aura bhAvoM kI sahaja abhivyakti kI vidyamAnatA ke kAraNa sudarzana caritra kI bhASA utkRSTa bana gaI / sAdhu-sUktiyoM evaM laukika nyAya - mUlaka muhAvaroM ke

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AcArya bhikSukRta sudarzana carita kA kAvya saundarya viniyojana se bhASA adhika rocaka ho gaI hai| kathotpraroha, maMDanazilpa, pUrvadIpti praNAlI Adi zilpagata vizeSatAoM se sammilita hokara prastuta kAvya kI bhASA ramaNIya evaM AhlAdaka ho gaI hai| sUkti-saundarya kAvya meM sUktiyoM ke vinyAsa se sazaktatA evaM prabhAvotpAdakatA kA saMvarddhana hotA hai| sudarzana caritra meM aneka sundara-sUkti kA zobhana sanniveza kiyA gayA hai / kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM1. vidyA aruvaranAra saMpada deha zarIra sukha / mAMgyA mile nahIM cyAra pUrva sakRta kIdhAM vinA / / 2 / 1 vidyA, zreSTha nArI, saMpatti evaM zarIra sukha pUrva sukRta ke binA mAMgane se nahIM milatI haiM : 2. punnajoge joDI milI 2018 puNya ke yoga se sundara jor3I kI prApti hotI hai| saMskRta kI ukti prasiddha hai-durlabhA sadRzI bhAryA / 3. sarva kAgada syAhI khape kalama sarva khapa jAe / triyAcaritra to chedhaNA na likhyA koI na likhAya / / 39.6 sabhI kAgada syAhI, kalama samApta ho jAe phira bhI triyA (kuzIlA) kA caritra nahIM likhA jA sktaa| 4. kusatI meM avaguNa ghaNA satIzIla' guNakhAna / / 39.8 kulaTA avaguNa kA ghara hai satIzIla guNa kI khAna hai / 5. arihaMta siddha sAdhu dharma ro, leve zaraNAM cyaar| tiNa bhoga jANyAM viSa sarikhA tiNarI vaMchA na kare ligAra / / indrAdika sura nara bar3A nArI taNA huve dAsa / jyAMme puruSAMkAra parAkrama huve te ulaTA kare aradAsa // 5 / 14 bar3e-bar3e indrAdi deva manuSya bhI nArI ke dAsa ho gae haiN| jinameM tanika bhI puruSa bhAva hotA hai ve strI ke gulAma bana jAte haiM / 6. hive nArI jAta che tehanoM kade na karUM vizvAsa ||ddhaal 5 duhA 6 nArI jAti para vizvAsa nahIM karanA caahie| 7. para puruSa ho bAi jANo bhAI samAna // 10 / 13 para puruSa ko bhAI samAna mAnanA caahie| 8. zIla vinAM ho bAi ghaNA nara nAra te gayA jamAro hAra / zIlathakI ho bAi ghaNA nara nAra te gayA janma sudhAra // 10.20,21

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10 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna zIla rahita manuSya janma hAra jAte haiN| zIlavantoM kA janma sudhara jAtA hai / yahAM aise aneka sUktiyoM kA viniyojana huA hai| isa prakAra yaha sudarzanacarita eka uttama kAvya hai / sandarbha : 1 kAvyaprakAza 1.3 2. kAvyamImAMsA : caturtha adhyAya pR0 27 3. zizupAlavadha mahAkAvya 4.17 4. kAvyaprakAza 1.1 5. tatraiva 1.2 6. bhikSa grantharatnAkAra, dvitIya khaNDa, ratna 19 7. sudarzana carita-prAraMbhika bhAga pR0 633 gAthA 2-4 8. tatraiva 1.16 9. tatraiva 16.2 19. , 21.18 10. ,, DhAla 34 20. ,, 21.23 11. ,, 1.10 21. , DhA0 37 duhA 1-2 12. ,, prathama DhAla duhA 5-6 22. ,, 16 duhA 7 13. sudarzana carita 23. ,, 17.1 14. ,, 14.4-5 24. , 19 duhA 1 15. ,, DhA0 16, duhA 6-7 25. ,, 3.1 16. ,, 20 26. ,, 3 duhA 1.2 17. ,, 20 27. ,, 1.1 18. ,, 2.18 28. ,, 1.3

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA kalApakSa 0 DA0 manamohana svarUpa mAthura prAyaH sabhI bhASAoM kA prArambhika sAhitya dharma aura zakti pradhAna rahA hai| hindI-sAhitya kI AdikAlIna upalabdha bauddhoM, siddhoM aura nAthoM kI racanAyeM bhI isI ora saMketa karatI haiN| yadyapi zukla jI ne isa prakAra ke sAhitya ko 'noTisa mAtra' kahakara use adhika mahattva nahIM diyA, jabaki madhyakAla ke isI sAhitya ko unhoMne bhakti kI dRSTi se sarvoccatA pradAna kii|' tAtparya yaha ki dhArmika sampradAyoM se sambandhita sAhitya kA usa bhASAsAhitya ke vikAsa meM bar3A yogadAna rahatA hai| vahIM sAhitya ke bhaviSya kA nirmANa karatA hai| bhArata sadaiva se hI eka dharmanirapekSa deza rahA hai| yahAM jaba-taba vibhinna dharma-sampradAyoM kA astitva rahA aura unase sambandhita sAhitya kA sRjana bhI vipula mAtrA meM huaa| sUphI sampradAya isI paramparA kA eka gaira bhAratIya dhArmika sampradAya hai, jisane bhAratIya sAhitya ke nirmANa meM apUrva sahayoga kiyaa| bhAratIya sAhitya ko pallavita karane vAlI eka mahattvapUrNa bhAratIya vicAradhArA jainiyoM kI rahI hai| jaina muniyoM, yatiyoM ne prAkRta, apabhraMza aura rAjasthAnI meM aneka mahattvapUrNa racanAyeM likhakara sAhitya kI srotasvinI ko sadaiva pravAhita rakhA hai / apane viziSTa sAhitya baMdhoM ke kAraNa bauddhoM kI caryApada zailI, nAthoM-siddhoM kI vANI zailI, sUphiyoM kI masanaviyoM kI bhAMti hI jaina carita kAvya-zailI kA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai|| jaina dharma meM pramukhataH do sampradAya haiM-zvetAmbara aura digambara / digambara sampradAya kI tulanA meM zvetAmbariyoM kI zAkhA-prazAkhAeM adhika haiM / isakA mUla AdhAra unakI sAdhanA (upAsanA) paddhati hai| jaina dharma ke zvetAmbara sampradAya se hI pRthaka huA eka ullekhanIya sampradAya hai"terApaMtha' / isa paMtha kA itihAsa adhika purAnA nahIM hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya ke hI sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke AcArya raghunAthajI ke pAsa vikrama saMvat 1808 meM dIkSita mAravAr3a ke kaMTAliyA grAmavAsI bhIkhaNajI (AcArya bhikSa) ne "terApaMtha" kA pravartana kiyaa| apane guru raghunAthajI ke sAtha kucha matabheda ho jAne se unhoMne isa paMtha kI sthApanA vi0 saM0 1817 meM kii| isa

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna prakAra "terApaMtha" kA itihAsa kula 231 varSo kA hai / do zatAbdiyoM meM isameM kula nau AcArya hue| isa paMtha ke vartamAna AcArya tulasI haiN| vaicArika dRSTi se terApaMtha eka AcAra, eka vicAra aura eka AcArya kI vicAradhArA kA poSaka hai / isI maryAdA meM vaha eka prANavAna saMgha hai / isakA darzana tarkavijJAna para AdhArita hai / ataH vaha yugAnurUpa evaM paristhitinukUla parivartana kA bhI samarthaka hai / AcArya tulasI dvArA pratipAdita aNuvrata darzana isI dizA meM unakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai / jaina dharma se sambandhita yaha paMtha ( terApaMtha ) zuddha rUpa se rAjasthAnI hai / isakA janma rAjasthAna meM huA / poSaNa bhI rAjasthAna meM hI huA / ataH isa saMgha meM pravrajita sAdhu-sAdhvI aura anuyAyI bhI rAjasthAna ke rhe| isa prakAra isa saMgha ke pravacana, zrAvakAcAra Adi meM yahIM kI bhASA rAjasthAnI kA prayoga huA hai / apane saMgha kI dhArmika mAnyatAoM aura bhakti sambandhI sAhitya ke sRjana kA mAdhyama bhI rAjasthAnI bhASA rahI / "terApaMtha" kI vicAradhArA darzana evaM bhakti sambandhI sAhitya kA praNayana isa paMtha ke prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM, muniyoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne kiyA / yaha sAhitya gadya aura padya donoM hI vidhAoM meM racita hai| inameM sarvAdhika racanAeM AcArya bhikSa, jayAcArya, AcArya tulasI, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, muni sohanalAla jI, muni buddhamala jI, muni cauthamala jI, muni mohanalAjI " AmeTa", muni mahendra jI muni sukhalAla jI, sAdhvI pramukhA kanakaprabhAjI, sAdhvI kalpalatAjI evaM sAdhvI jinarekhA jI kI milatI haiM / ina terApathI racayitAoM dvArA racita ullekhanIya rAjasthAnI racanAeM haiM-jhINI carcA, kIrtigAthA, amaragAthA ( jayAcAryajI) kAlU yazovilAsa, mANaka mahimA, DAlima caritra, naMdana nikuMja ( AcArya tulasI ), phUla lAre kAMTo ( yuvAcArya mahAprajJajI), uNiyAro, jAgaNa rohelo (muni buddhamala jI ) ; tatha' ra katha ( muni mohanalAla jI "AmeTa'); gItoM kA guladastA, nirmANa ke bIja ( rAjasthAnI gIta - muni sukhalAlajI) ityAdi / 72 yadyapi ye sabhI racanAeM sAhityika viSayoM kI tulanA meM darzana se adhika sambaddha haiM, phira bhI inameM eka sAdhAraNa pAThaka ke lie bhI yathA-prasaMga sahaja AkarSaNa anubhava hotA hai / yahI dArzanika racanAoM kI saphalatA kA AdhAra hai / darzana ko prAyaH zuSka viSaya mAnA jAtA hai, kintu yaha lekhaka (kavi ) kA kauzala hai ki vaha apanI racanA kI kucha isa prakAra prastuti kare ki vaha sahaja grAhya evaM sarvagrAhya bana jAya / darzana jaisI zuSka golI ko bhI pAThaka athavA zrotA AsAnI se AtmasAt kara le| tAtparya yaha ki kisI bhI racanA ke lie usakA abhivyakti pakSa athavA kalApakSa kA sabala honA anivArya hai / sabala kalApakSa ke abhAva meM zreSTha mArmika bhAva sampanna racanA

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA kalApakSa bhI nIrasa kahalA sakatI hai| sAtha hI, sabala kalApakSa ke hone para dhArmika aura dArzanika viSayoM kI racanAeM bhI sarasa bana sakatI haiN| 'terApaMtha'' se sambandhita ina racanAoM kI zailI varNanAtmaka hai| prAyaH kavigaNa vizeSataH paMtha, dharma evaM sampradAya vizeSa ke racayitA itivRtta hI prastuta karate haiM / pariNAmasvarUpa vaha kAvya mAtra usa sampradAya ke matAvalambiyoM taka hI sImita ho jAtA hai| para ina racanAoM ke santa kaviyoM ne sambandhita varNanoM ko pratIkoM, laMkAroM Adi ke mAdhyama se sahaja grAhyatA pradAna kI hai| udAharaNArtha prastuta hai-kAlayazovilAsa kI nimnAMkita paMktiyAM jahAM kuzala kavi AcArya tulasI ne apanI kArayitrI pratibhA se yAtrAsamaya sAdhu-saMnyAsiyoM kA manorama vizleSaNa kiyA hai-- kaI bhasma-vilepita gAtrA, zira jaTA jUTa ve mAtrA / mRga chAla vizAla bichAvai, mukha sIMga DIMga saMbhalAvai / / bAbA bAghaMbara oDhe, gaMgA jamanA taTa por3he / kai nhA dho rahai sucaMgA, kai naMgA ajaba aDaMgA / / kai paMcAgni tapa tApa, jaMgama thAvara saMtApai / UMce svara dhuna alApai, kai jApa aho niza jApai // kai UhAri bola, udaraMbhi mauna na khole / kai Dagamaga mastaka Dolai, bhava vAridhi jyAMna jhakola // ina varNanoM ko rasasikta evaM sahaja grAhya banAne ke lie prAyaH kavi prakRti ko bhI apanI kalA kA sAdhana banAte haiM / Rtu varNanoM aura vividha bimboM, pratIkoM dvArA vaha gUr3ha bAta ko bhI hRdayagrAhI banA dete haiM, AcArya tulasI ne "kAlayazovilAsa" meM maryAdA mahotsava jaise yathArtha ko chahoM RtuoM ke rUpa meM maulikatA pradAna kara kalApakSa ko maulikatA evaM sughar3atA pradAna kI hai / varSA Rtu se rUpAyita maryAdA mahotsava kA svarUpa prastuta hai - gaMgA yamunA aura surasatI uchala-uchala kara galai milai / viraha tApa saMtAna bhulAkara, rUM rUM harSAkura khilai / gaharo raMga hRdaya meM rAcai nAcai madhukara kara guNjaaro| terApaMtha paMtha ro praharI, mhA mochaNa lAgai pyAro // 5 zAradIya pravAsI haMsa mAnasarovara lauTa Ate haiN| haMsopama sAdhusAdhviyAM zaradopama maryAdA mahotsava ke avasara para gurukula vAsa meM pahuMcakara kaise anirvacanIya prasannatA kA anubhava kara rahe haiM baNyA pravAsI zramaNa sitarUchada, gurukula mAnasa mauja karai, parama kAruNika kAlU badana-sUkta, muktAphala bhoja karai /

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna nahiM saradI-garamI ro anubhava sAkSAt zarada barata brtaaro|| varNanazailI kI aisI hI drAvakatA se hamArA paricaya hotA hai "mANakamahimA' kI 18vIM DhAla meM, jahAM mANaka gaNi ke bAda sAdhu-sAdhviyAM apane ko binA gvAle kI gAyoM ke samAna mAna rahe haiM (dUhA 6, pR0 89) / aisA hI pratIkoM se paripUrNa eka bimba prastuta hai, jahAM sadha meM AcArya ke sthAna ko candramA se bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai ... graha nakSatra camakatA sArA, tArAM rI ramajhola, piNa ambariyo sUno lAgai, nahIM cAMda camakola / / saMtA ! binA cAMda kI rajanI syUM ApAM tula jyAMvAlA // muni mohanalAla "AmeTa" bhI aMdhakAra aura prakAza ke pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se samakAlIna ghaTanAoM kA varNana ina paMktiyoM meM karate haiM aMdhero pora divalo karyo AMgaNa ne saiMcanaNa paNa suvArathI minakha jota nai bujhAra aMdhere nai nato diyo kyUM'ka parakAsa'ra pApa meM aNabaNa hai| varNanAtmaka zailI ke atirikta terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM hama praznottara zailI se bhI paricita hote haiN| jayAcAryajI kI "jhINI caracA" nAmaka kRti pUrNataH dArzanika vizeSataH "terApaMtha -darzana" para AdhRta racanA hai| isameM kavi ne jaina tatva-cintana kI vyAkhyA "kona' ke mAdhyama se kI hai| pahale prazna rUpa meM "kauna" kahakara AcArya ne usakA samAdhAna kiyA hai| kathana kI yahI vyAkhyAtmaka pahuMca zrAvaka ko paMtha kA tAtvika paricaya de sakatI hai| isa gUr3ha viSaya ko sahaja rUpa meM samajhA sakatI hai-- tIna jogA meM kiso joga hai ? suNiyai teha no nyAya / mana vacana kAyA rA joga tihuM, salesI kahyA jinarAya // yahAM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki kavi AcArya (jayAcArya) ne apanI bAta ko AgamavANI ke pramANa ke sAtha kahI hai| jaina dharma zramaNa saMskRti kA pramukha aMga hai| yahAM sAhitya kA sRjana dhArmika bhAvanA ke pracAra-prasAra hetu kiyA jAtA rahA hai| kintu use sarvagrAhya

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA kalApakSa I evaM apane iSTa ke prati samarpaNa bhAva nimitta usakI prastuti lokarUpa meM kI jAtI rahI hai / yahI zailI sAhitya meM jaina zailI saMjJA se abhihita hai / terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM bhI AcAryoM, muniyoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke caritroM ko isI rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / loka meM pracalita vividha DhAloM aura rAginiyoM meM unakI layoM ko bAMdhA gayA hai / yahI geyatA isa sAhitya kA prANa hai / kIrtigAthA se isa geya lokazailI kA udAharaNa prastuta hai - hojI mhAMre, bhikSu RSi sUM lAgI pUraNa prIta jI / jIvar3o re lalavANI svAmI jI sUM olage re lo // hojI mhAMre svAmI sarIkho kuNa cha~ duniyA mAMhi jo / dekhaNa ro muja manar3o adhika UmaMge || isa zailI kA eka anya udAharaNa AcArya tulasI kI yazovilAsa" se uddhRta hai, jahAM zailIgata saundarya se kavi ne vyAkhyA ko sarasa banA diyA hai terA zramaNa upAsaka terA lakha sevaka tuka gAyo re / sutAM hI guru deva anokho artha lagAyo re // ika AcAra, eka AcAraja, eka vicAra sulabho re / prabala ekatA sabala saMga una roba jamAyo re || " ina DhAloM meM mAdhurya guNa kUTa-kUTa kara bharA huA hai / kaI bAra ye DhAla mIrAM ke padoM kA sA Ananda detI haiM / racanA " kAlU terApaMtha kI bhAvAnukUla bhASA aura alaMkAra kisI bhI kAvya kA zrRMgAra hai / darzana jaisI gariSTha racanAoM meM bhI yadi prayoga parilakSita ho to vaha devayoga athavA sone meM caritArtha karegI | rAjasthAnI ke terApaMthI kaviyoM kI prasaMga mileMge jahAM anAyAsa hI alaMkAroM ne apanA ramaNIya sahayoga kiyA hai | rAjasthAnI kAvya kA saundarya vayaNa sagAI alaMkAra ke saTIka prayogoM meM nihita hai / suvidhA ke lie hama vayaNa sagAI alaMkAra ko anuprAsa ke nikaTa mAna sakate haiM, kintu usake bheda rUpa meM svIkAra karanA bhUla hogI / Alocya kAvya racanAoM meM zAstrIya dRSTi se vayaNa sagAI alaMkAra ke bhedoM ko talAsanA to vyartha hogA kintu jahAM-tahAM sahaja rUpa se vayaNa sagAI ke saphala prayoga hameM terApaMthI kAvya racanAoM meM mila sakate haiM, yathA 75 (ka) zramaNa ziromaNi zobhatA, bhikSu ne bhArI mAla // 11 // mahimAgara moTA muni, jaya jaza pratyakSa Are pAMca meM bhikSu " racanA ke kalApakSa alaMkAroM kA mahaja suhAgA kI kahAvata ko racanAoM meM aneka aise karaNa sujANa / sAMnRta bhAga / / 12 / /

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76 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna caracA vAdI cAtura ghaNA, saMta satyAM sukha dAna / sumatA rasa no sAgarU, mahimAvaMta muni rAya // 13 / / 11 (kha) milyA zramaNa saba samaya meM, vidha vidha karai vicaar|| ajaba anokho o milyo, moko apaNe dvAra // 2 vayaNa sagAI alaMkAra ke ina prayogoM ke sAtha hI anuprAsa alaMkAroM kA bhI bar3A sundara prayoga terApaMthI kAvya racanAoM meM bahulatA ke sAtha dekhA jA sakatA hai| cUMki yaha sAhitya AcAryoM kI sAhityika pratibhA kI apekSA sampradAya vizeSa kI bhaktibhAvanA ke prati pratibaddha hai, ataH loka ruci evaM sahaja-grAhyatA ke lie ina kavi AcAryoM ne tuka ko adhika pradhAnatA dI hai| isI pravRtti ke kAraNa prAyaH sabhI racanAoM meM sthAna-sthAna para anuprAsa kI chaTA-darzanIya bana gaI hai| yaha chaTA zrotAoM aura pAThakoM kA tAdAtmya sthApita karane meM pUrNa sakSama hai / kucha udAharaNa draSTavya hai (ka) saravara sudhArasa sArasI, vANI sarasa vizAlI ho| zItala caMda suhAvaNo, nirmala vimala guNa hAlI ho / __ amIcaMda agha TAlI ho / / " (kha) munivara re vAsa velA bahulA kiyA re, telA colA taMta sAra ho lAla / pAMca ATha tapa Adaryo re, ANI haraSa apAra ho lAla // 4 taba gharakA "khIMvArA" thI sAro, hema vihAra kiyo tiNa vAro // 14 // 15 saMta paiMtIsa saM sakhara, vihAra karI tiNa baar| sujAnagar3ha AyA sahI, zAMti saMga jaya sAra // 41 // prAta vakhAMNa samaya pavara, cyAra tIrtha rA ghATa / saha suNatAM RSa zAMti nai, jIta kahai sudha vATa // 54 // 16 (ga) hAkama syUM hatAza ho hAlpA, saMjama sahaja gamAvai re / / kalpavRkSa saMkalpa pUraNo, kyUM rati-hINa rakhAvai re / / / kAma dudhA surabhI karabhI, ghara kyUM kara kaho TikAvai re| maNi ciMtAmaNi mUr3ha ziromaNi kara gahi kAga bar3Avai re // zabdAlaMkAroM ke sAtha hI terApaMthI kAvya ke kalApakSa ko arthAlaMkAroM khAsa karake sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM ke sahaja prayoga ne bhI sauSThava pradAna kiyA hai| "kAla yazovilAsa'' meM kavi tulasI ne "syAdvAda' jaisI gaMbhIra saiddhAntika dhAraNA ko upamA alaMkAra ke mAdhyama se ina paMktiyoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA kala / pakSa svaMgI satabhaMgI sukhada satagata saMgI heta / vyaMgI ekAMgI kRte bhaMgI so duHkha deta || itara darzaNI karSaNI naya vaNijya anabhijJa / vijJa vaNir jina-darzaNI naya durNaya vipaNijJa // terApaMtha ke pravartaka AcArya bhikSu ke guNoM kA varNana kavi jayAcArya upamA ke mAdhyama se ina paMktiyoM meM kara rahe haiM, draSTavya hai apratibaMdha vAyu jisA, kSamAvAna guNakhAMna / 18 zItala amRta sAriraNI, vArU varasata vAMna // 8 // jIvana kI pratyeka vastu amUlya hai / usI ko jAnanA jIvana kA lakSya / isI darzana ko muni mohanalAla 'AmeTa' ina paMktiyoM meM spaSTa kara rahe haiN| upamA alaMkAra ke mAdhyama se -- sukha-dukhI bhaNyA - aNabhaNyA jar3a-ceta kI dI hai gata ra gata rI paratIta bAgAM par3I dhUla maMjala rI babhUta hai 77 upamA alaMkAra kA eka udAharaNa zrImajjayAcArya jI kI racanA "kIrtigAthA" se uddhRta hai, jisameM ve bhArImala jI ke hRdaya kI pavitratA ko candramA ke samAna batA rahe haiM nira ahaMkArI muni hiye nirmalA, zIla siNagAra sugaMdha / satyavAdI muni vacane zUramA, citra jima zItala caMda // 20 saMnyasta meM bhI AtmIyatA saMcarita hotI hai - isa anubhava kI abhivyakti AcArya tulasI ne ina paMktiyoM meM kI hai / maghavAgaNi kI mRtyu ke avasara para kAlUgaNi kI manaHsthiti ko kavi ne rUpaka alaMkAra ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra abhivyakta kiyA hai nehalAM rI kyArI ro mhAMrI ro ke AdhAra ? sUkyo soto jo ikaloto suno so saMsAra // 4 // A ikatArI thAMrI mhAMrI sArI hI visAra kaThai kyUM padhAryA mhArI hRttaMtrI rA tAra ? // 3 // " aisA hI rUpaka kA vidhAna kavi ne mANaka gaNi kI dIkSA ke uparAnta " niyama-nilaya" pada dvArA kiyA hai

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78 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna bAlaka vaya meM, saMyamalaya meM, niyama nilaya meM lIna / jaya paya meM jima sAkara paya meM, Atma vijaya meM pIna / / 22 jayAcArya ke kAvya meM to jagaha-jagaha para rUpaka alaMkAra ke svAbhAvika prayoga dekhane ko milate haiN| kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM(ka) samakita taru bhaNI, saMvega jala' sIMcaMta / khama dama sama guNa khetasI, diDhadharmI dIpaMta / / 2 / / (kha) siva rasa kUpika grahaNa kU, saMvega rUpI tela / samakita carAka sIMcatA, khetasI jI ghara khela / / 4 / / (ga) caraNa karaNa guNa dharaNa cita, "varaNa amara vadhu sAra / mada adha haraNa susaraNa muni, taraNa bhavodadhi pAra // 4 // " sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM meM utprekSA alaMkAra ke mAdhyama se kavi loga prAyaH prakRti evaM hRdaya kI mArmika sthiti kA kathana karate haiN| terApaMtha ke AcAryoM ne bhI isa uddezya se utprekSA kA prayoga apanI kAvya racanAoM meM kiyA hai| jodhapura meM cAturmAsa ke samaya kAlagaNI kA saMvAda AcArya tulasI ko kitanA priya laga rahA hai, usI kI abhivyakti AcArya tulasI ne utprekSA ke mAdhyama se ina paMktiyoM meM kI hai-- "vara pUjya vaco'mRta pAna syUM, mAno gata-cetana-tana cetanatAI AI re| sahajyA kara TAlo TAlo karAM, zAsaNa-raMga-suraMge raga raga khUba racAI re // 2 // aisI hI utprekSA kavi ne jayAcArya jI ke vyaktitva sthApana hetu "mANaka-mahimA' meM kI hai-- ''AkRti meM AkarSaNa, mAno amRta-varSaNa vANI / SaT darzana-digdarzana meM, medhA medhAvI jAMNI / Agama maMthana meM agamya pratibhA-paricaya parakhAvai // 25 satajugI caritra khetasI kI bahanoM ke sasurAla pakSa ke prati zraddhAvanata ho jayAcAryajI kI utprekSA draSTavya hai rAvaliyAM byAhI bihuM raMga sU, saiNI mahA sukha dAya / sAla rUMkha parivAra susAla no, adhika milyo joga Aya // 26 alaMkAroM ke ina suMdara evaM bhAvotkarSaka prayogoM ke atirikta terApaMthI vibhinna kAvya racanAoM meM nimnalikhita alaMkAroM ke bhI yathAprasaMga saphala prayoga milate haiM

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA kalApakSa yamaka atizayokti lokokti ananvaya "biliyo" miliyo dhura majala "pura" pura meM vizrAma / mujaro hai " mujarAsa" syUM, gur3alyo "guDalA" grAma / / 27 udAharaNa saMdeha bhASA AnaMdakArI opatA, samaNa satyAM siramor3a / AcArya iNa kAla meM, avara na ehanI jor3a // 28 jor3I to jugatI milI, gurU celA "mahI maMDa" / jaga mAM piNa ima kahai, khIra mAMhai jima khaMDa // 29 zrI mANaka mANikya hai, jauharI "jaya" gurudeva / ubhaya yoga samucita milyo, phalyo kArya svameva // 30 senyApati senyA mAMhe sobhato, tIna khaMDa meM vAsudeva jAMNa / cakravata cha khaMDa mAMhe sobhato, jyUM sAdhAM mAMhe vakhAMNa // jima iMdra saubha devatAM majhe, jima sAdhAM mAMhe so svAma / ehavA uttama puruSa bharata kSetra meM, tyAMro lIjai nitya prati nAma / / " 39 kor3ha galI kAyA 'ra rAja- mailAM Rs adITha rUpa sama-dITha hai jakai rI bokA to bAla-bhAva hai / kA joga mAyA ?32 79 rAjasthAnI bhASA kI apanI anuraNAtmakatA evaM dhyanyAtmakatA hai / vaha jaina zailI ke anukUla kahI jA sakatI hai / isI guNa ke kAraNa yaha dhArmika sAhitya madhyakAla se Aja taka usI laya aura tAla ke sAtha na kevala jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke gale kA hAra hai apitu jainetara sAhitya premiyoM ko bhI apanI ora AkarSita kie hue hai| isake atirikta pAtrAnukUla aura bhAvAnu - kUla bhASA ne bhI jaina sAhitya ko janapriya banAyA hai / laMbI asvasthatA ke bAda kAlUgaNi svarga sidhAra gaye / unakI mAtA chogAjI ne jaba yaha khabara sunI to mAtRtva ubhara AyA / bar3e dhairyapUrvaka apane mana ko unhoMne smjhaayaa|

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna aise avasara para koI mAM apane meM kitanA DhADhasa baTora sakatI hai, usI ko kavi ne bhAvAnukUla' zabdAvalI meM yahAM prastuta kiyA hai-- lAla pAla kara pAliyo, jiNa nai hAthohAtha / tiNa ro Aja nibhA liyo svarga gamana sAkSAt / / 3 / / pala-pala meM maiM jhAMkatI, jiNa rI nizadina bATa / so sobhAgI lADalo, vilase suragA ThATa // 5 // mo mana meM nehaco nivir3a, suta kara meM sura vAsa / mujha kara meM suta saMcarayo, o vicitra vidhi bhAsa // 7 // ati lambo AyuSya o, mhAro baNyo nikAma / niThura hRdaya nirakhai nayana, nandana viraho vAma // 8 // jo sapanai jAMNI nahIM, so darasAMNI Aja / koI paNa mata bAMdhajyo, bhAvI ro aMdAja // 9 // guru jaNanI ati virahaNI, sarva sahaNI rUpa / samajhAvai cetana bhaNI, apaNo Atma sarUpa // 10 // " ina kaviyoM ne vibhinna RSi-muniyoM, AcAryoM ke vyaktitva kI rekhAoM ko rUpAyita karane hetu aise zabda aura dhvaniyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai ki unheM par3ha kara na mana bharatA hai aura na hI AMkheM thakatI haiN| aisA hI manorama varNana jayAcArya jI kI racanA "satajugI carita' se prastuta hai jahAM AcArya bhikSu ke vyaktitva ke biMba ko unhoMne isa zabdAvalI meM citrita kiyA hai--- apratibaMdha vAyu jisA, kSamyAvAna guNakhAMna / zItala amRta sarikho vArU varasato vAMna / / 8 / / pAkhaMDa dhUja dhAka tUM, AtapakArI Apa / aujAgara guna AgalA, meTai ghaNAM rA saMtApa / / 9 / / AnaMdakArI opatA, samaNa satyAM siramor3a / AcArya iNa kAla meM, avara na ehar3I jor3a // 10 // 34 bhAvAnukUla bhASA kA prayoga terApaMthI kaviyoM kI viziSTatA hai / bar3hate audyogIkaraNa ke kAraNa mAnava vyavahAra meM nirantara parivartana AtA jA rahA hai / vyakti apane svarAnukUla saMbaMdhoM kI sthApanA kA pakSapAtI bana gayA hai| ucca varga ke liye sAmAnya vyakti kA koI mahatva nahIM raha gayA hai| isI yugabodha ko muni mohanalAla jI sahaja bhAvAnukUla bhASA meM spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM -

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA kalApakSa AparI pIr3a rI ThA kIr3I konI pAr3I-kadeI minakha nai kyUMka bA jANe hI ke konI dekhailI atI he koI moTI dITha / 5 jaina kavi AraMbha se hI bhramaNazIla rahe haiN| deza ke vibhinna bhU-bhAgoM ke upAsaroM meM raha kara ve apane pravacana karate haiN| ataH unhoMne sadaiva usa bhUkhaNDa kI bhASA aura usakI zabdAvalI kA prayoga apane kAvya meM kiyaa| vaise to terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI kaviyoM kI bhASA rAjasthAnI hI hai kintu unameM rAjasthAna kI, vizeSataH DhUMDhAr3I, mevAr3I, bIkAnerI, boliyoM kI zabdAvalI kA Adhikya dekhA jA sakatA hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa ina kaviyoM kA ina bhUbhAgoM kA nivAsI honA bhI ho sakatA hai| terApaMtha ke aitihAsika krama se spaSTa hai ki isakA AraMbha 19vIM zatAbdI ke AraMbha meM huA / sAtha hI isakA pallavana bhI rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM hI adhika huA / ataH bhASika vikAsa ke kAraNa inakI racanAoM meM jahAM gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hindI, hariyANavI zabdAvalI kA svatantratA ke sAtha prayoga kiyA gayA hai, vahIM AcArya tulasI evaM unake ziSyoM kI racanAoM meM aMgrejI zabdoM kA bhI khula kara prayoga huA hai, yathA DAkTara, gavarnameMTa, sTeTa, posTara, zUgara, mAila, sTezana, oNprezana, poIjana, noTa, iMjekzana ityAdi ? ___ isa Adhunika zabdAvalI kI bhAMti hI usI sAhityika garimA ke liye madhyakAlIna DiMgala zailI kA bhI Adhunika terApaMthI kaviyoM ne suMdara prayoga kiyA hai khilakkata kitta kuraMga siyAla, milakkata mAMjara mora muyAra / silakkata sAMbhara zUra zayAra, Dhilakkata Dhakkata Dhora DhicAra // 36 DiMgala zailI kI bhAMti hI apabhraza kAvyabaMdha bhI kavi kI bhASA ko cArutA pradAna kara rahA hai

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82 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna evaM devANuppiyA ! gaMtavvaM sujayaM / ciTThiyavvaM nisiyavvaM, bhujiyavbamabhayaM / / 3 / / AuttaM kajja sayA, kIramANasaM guNe / pAvaM kamma na baMdhai, porANaM bidhuNe // 4 // paMca sabhii-samiyassa vA, guttidiya gutassa / siddhi sayA hatthA ganA, guttabaMbhanArissa // 5 // isa prakAra nAdasauMdarya, anuraNAtmakatA, samAsa-pradhAnatA evaM laukika prayogoM se bharapUra bhASA ne rAjasthAnI terApaMthI kaviyoM ke kalApakSa ko dviguNita kiyA hai| pAThaka ke liye yaha kavitA sampreSaNIya hai| terApaMtha ke ina rAjasthAnI kaviyoM ne apanI abhivyakti ko DhAla, dUhA, soraThA, AryA, lAvaNI, kalaza, yatanI, gItaka, bhujaMgaprayAta, zArdUlavikrIDita, zikhariNI, motIdAma Adi chaMdabaMdhoM meM bAMdhA hai| ye chaMda jainazailI ke anurUpa haiM tathA tatsambandhI sAhitya ke uddezya kI pUrti karate haiM / AcArya tulasI ne racanA ke prasaMgarUpa ko spaSTa karane ke lie AraMbha meM saMskRta padoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA kalApakSa kAvyatva sampanna hai / janaruci ke anukUla bhASA, zabdAvalI, chanda aura alaMkAroM ne isa kAvya ko paMtha vizeSa ke sAtha hI rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI sthAyI dharohara banA diyA hai| saMdarbha : 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa-nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI / 2. 'paramparA'-rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla vizeSAMka zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA lekha --'madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya' pR0 125 3. vistRta vivaraNa hetu draSTavya hai---"tulasIprajJA' meM prakAzita muni sukhalAla kI lekha zRMkhalA "terApaMtha ke Adhunika rAjasthAnI saMta saahitykaar"| 4. kAlayazovilAsa-ullAsa 2, DhAla 20, chanda 23-26, pR0 104 5. vahI, 5 / 9 pR0 297 6. vahI, 5 / 9 / 15 pR0 297 7. mANaka mahimA --DhAla 18, chanda 8, pR0 90 8. vahI, 117 pR07 9. kIrtigAthA-bhikSugaNi, guNavarNana, DhAla 17, pR0 14 10. kaaluuyshovilaas-5|7|10, pR0 291

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA kalApakSa 11. kIrtigAthA-pR0 17 evaM 194 12. mANakamahimA-pR0 88 / 13. kIrtigAthA-DhAla 8, chanda 3, pR0 98 14. amaragAthA-DhAla 3, chanda 5, pR0 113 15. vahI, DhAla 2, chanda 14 pR0 127 16. vahI, DhAla 12, chanda 4-5 pR0 177 17. kaaluuyshovilaas-4|1135-36 18. amaragAthA-satajugIcarita, DhAla 2, pR0 5 19. "tatha ra katha"-pR0 2 20. kIrtigAthA-bhArImala gaNi-guNa varNana-2, pR0 42 21. kAlUyazovilAsa-pR0 18, 19 22. mANaka mahimA-chanda 13 pR0 41 23. amaragAthA-pR04,5,8 24. kaaluuyshovilaas---4|4|32. pR0 228 25. mANakamahimA-chanda 22, pR0 29 26. amaragAthA-14 pR0 4 27. kaaluuyshovilaas-305|16|34 pR. 320 28. amaragAthA 2 / 10 pR0 5 29. vahI, 3 / 12 pR0 5 30. mANaka mahimA-chanda 4, pR0 29 31. kIrtigAthA--saMtaguNamAla, DhAla 1, chanda 4-5 pR0 85 32. 'tatha ra katha'--pR0 5 33. kAlUyazovilAsa-ullAsa 3, pR0 379 34. amaragAthA-DhAla 2, pR0 5 35. 'tatha ra katha'-pR0 3 36. kaaluuyshovilaas-4|10|41 pR0 253 37. mANakamahimA-pR0 43-44

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Adhunika rAjasthAnI kavitA ko terApaMthI saMtoM kA yogadAna - DaoN0 mUlacanda seThiyA rAjasthAnI bhASA aura terApaMtha kA pravartana kAla se hI ghaniSTha sambandha rahA hai| AdyAcArya bhikSu aura caturthAcArya jItamalajI donoM hI rAjasthAnI kavitA ke projvala nakSatroM meM rahe haiN| arvAcIna kAla meM bhI, jisakA Arambha AcArya tulasI ke paTTArohaNa se hotA hai, muni sohanalAlajI, muni campAlAlajI, muni buddhamallajI Adi kA ullekhanIya yogadAna rahA hai / muni sohanalAlajI ne to kAlUgaNI ke yuga meM hI apane vAgvaibhava kA paricaya denA Arambha kara diyA thA, parantu unakI pratibhA kA prakhara vikAsa tulasI yuga meM hI huA / svayaM AcArya tulasI ne magana caritra meM ApakA paricaya dete hue likhA hai : lekhana, vaktA, kavi gAyaka, vidyA sevI, caracA meM catura kalApriya, priya vAgdevI / Apane prAyaH sATha varSoM taka saMyama kI ArAdhanA ke sAtha zabda kI sAdhanA kI thI / ve vANI ke varada putra the| unheM ojasvI mudrA meM kAvya-pATha karate sunakara kavi aura kAvya kI ekAtmatA kA anubhava hotA thaa| ve kevala mukha se hI kavitA nahIM sunAte the, unake aMga-aMga ke iMgita se kAvya ke svara mukharita hote the| unakA roma-roma kAvyamaya thaa| rAjasthAna aura rAjasthAnI bhASA ke prati ApakA ananya anurAga thaa| rAjasthAna kA gaurava-gAna kavi ne ina zabdoM meM kiyA thA--- bar3A-bar3A maradAM ro mAtho rAjasthAna raMgIlo hai, karmavIra aura dharmavIra donAM nai au nipajAyA hai| sAMgA aura hammIra dhIra cittaur3a bhUmi rA jAyA hai / unhoMne rAjasthAna kI jisa puNya bhUmi para sUrya kI prathama kiraNa kA sparza pAyA, usI para apanI jIvana-saMdhyA kA paTAkSepa hote dekhA thaa| vaise to santa cira yAyAvara hote haiM, parantu niyati ne rAjasthAna ke sAtha muni sohana kA jo aTUTa sambandha jor3a diyA thA, use ve sadaiva garva aura gaurava ke sAtha svIkAra karate rahe

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Adhunika rAjasthAnI kavitA ko terApaMthI santoM kA yogadAna 85 deza mAravAr3a aura carU meM janama mhAro, terA varSa rahyo mAravAr3I ramajholI meM / bolI mAravAr3I hI meM rAkhU dilacaspI nitya, rahyo mAravAr3a kA hI sAdhuvAM kI TolI meM / kAvya kI dRSTi se muni sohana kI kavitAeM mUlata: bhakti aura virati kI kavitAeM hai| unameM eka ora jIvana ke uccatara mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA hai to dUsarI ora apane ArAdhya ke prati ananya AsthA aura sarvAtma-samarpaNabhAva kI abhivyakti huI hai| guru guNa varNana meM unakI vizeSa abhiruci rahI hai aura isakI mahimA kA varNana unhoMne ina bhAva-vibhora zabdoM meM kiyA hai namana karata saba vidhana Tarata bhava, udadhi tarata dukha parata alaga hai| bharama miTata jina dharama paTata, avaguNa saba durata karata aghanaga hai| Apane pramukha rUpa se terApaMtha ke pravartaka AcArya bhikSu, apane dIkSA guru AcArya kAlU aura vartamAna AcArya tulasI ke prati ananya bhaktibhAva kI abhivyakti kI hai / inakA prAyaH samasta kAvya prakIrNaka hai aura inhoMne kisI pravandha-kAvya kI racanA nahIM kii| 'jasamA oDaNa' nAmaka eka bhAkhyAnaka kAvya kI racanA avazya kI thI, parantu yaha adhAvadhi prakAzita nahIM huA hai| phira bhI, Apane sphuTa rUpa se AcArya bhikSu ke itane adhika jIvanaprasaGgoM ko zabdabaddha kiyA hai ki agara unheM kAla-kramAnusAra vyavasthita rUpa se saMyojita kiyA jAe to eka jIvanI paraka kAvya kA prabandha svataH sampanna ho jaaegaa| yaha sahI hai ki muni sohana eka sampradAya vizeSa ke santa the aura apanI guru-paramparA ke prati unakA pUrNa samarpaNa bhAva rahA thA, parantu isake bAvajUda unakA adhikAMza kAvya loka sAmAnya bhAva bhUmi para AdhArita hai| Apane apane yuga-yathArtha kA citraNa karate hue usakI visaMgatiyoM aura viSamatAoM ko pUre taura para ujAgara karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai-- Aja bhalA ko uThyo bisvAsa, laphaMgAM ke ghI meM camAcama ToTo / hAtha ke hAtha bhare baTakA, Ayo Aja jamAno halAhala khotto| cora, chalI, badakhora ThagorA nai, soro milai hara kAma ko kotto| jo maragyA taragyA dukha sindhu hA ! , Ayo jamAno halAhala khoTo / nava AcArya tulasI ne aNuvrata AMdolana kA pravartana kiyA to muni sohana ke kAvya ko eka nayA sAmAjika prariprekSya prApta ho gyaa| kavi ne 'aNuvrata-vATikA' ke aneka chandoM meM isa naitika AMdolana kI punarutthAnakArI

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna bhUmikA ko spaSTa karate hue yugIna samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI ora saMketa kiyA hai Aja kI svataMtratA to dAdI parataMtratA kI, thor3A-sA dinAM meM rUpa Apano dikhAyo hai / khAna-pAna vastra kI bhI rahI nAM vyavasthA kachu, svAratha kI bhAvanA meM bhArata phaMsAyo hai| dekha duniyA ko hAla hAlyo tulasI ko hRdai, aNuvrata-saMgha bIja ropyo mana bhAyo hai| sohana bhananta phala lUTaNa huvai to lUTo, tulasI svataMtratA ko kharo kheta bAhyo hai| apane chaha dazaka ke sRjana-kAla meM muni sohana ne prabhUta kAvya-racanA kI hai; mAtrA aura guNavattA kI ubhaya dRSTiyoM se unakI racanAoM meM vipula vaividhya aura vistAra hai| ve zabda ke siddha-sAdhaka the aura bhaNiti kI vibhinna bhaMgimAoM para unakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra thaa| unake antevAsI muni chatramalajI ke zabdoM meM "unakA kAvya yathArthavAda se bahuta saMlagna hai, para yathArthavAda bhI na vahAM nagna huA hai, na bhgn| usa kAvya meM marmoktiyoM, vyAjoktiyoM aura vyaMgyoktiyoM kI bharamAra hai to prakriyA kI painI kATachAMTa se anUThA sAja-zRMgAra aura bhI nikharA hai| isa hiMsA-pratihiMsA se saMtapta aura dveSa-dagdha saMsAra ko ve yaha antima sandeza de gae the vizva kI samasyA Aja ho rahI vicAraNIya Apasa ke soye visvAsa ko jagAo re ! vAtAvaraNa hiMsA ko miTAkara ahiMsA dvArA 'sohana' i duniyA divAnI nai bacAo re ! AcArya tulasI ke 'bar3abhAI' sevAbhAvI munizrI campAlAlajI 'bhAIjI mahArAja' ke nAma se saba ke hRdaya meM samAe hue the| parantu, jaba taka unake kavitA saMgraha AsIsa kA prakAzana nahIM huA bahuta kama logoM ko yaha patA thA ki ve preraNA ke kSaNoM meM zabda bhI jor3ate haiN| saca to yaha hai ki bhAIjI mahArAja er3I se coTI taka hRdaya hI hRdaya the| aura aisA saMvedanazIla vyakti kavi hue binA kaise raha sakatA thA? unhoMne apane jIvana meM pula hI pula banAe, kabhI khAI nahIM khodii| ve jIvana bhara suI kA kArya karate rahe, kabhI kataranI nahIM bne| ina paktiyoM meM unhoMne jaise apane jIvana kA mUla mantra prastuta kara diyA hai girator3e nai thAma re campA ! cepa TUTator3e nai / phUMka dUkhate phor3e re de, soMca sUkhatoDai nai /

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Adhunika rAjasthAnI kavitA ko terApaMthI santoM kA yogadAna 27 apanI AkhirI sAMsa taka ve rotoM ko haMsAte rahe, TUTatoM ko jor3ate rahe aura lar3akhar3Ane vAloM ko apanI bAMha kA sahArA dekara khar3A karate rahe / ___ muni campaka hRdaya se komala hote hue bhI saMyama-sAdhanA meM jAgarUka aura kaThora the| unake aneka dohoM meM vyakti kI antazcetanA ko jagAkara use 'tapa tIkhI taravAra, karama kaTaka sU judha karaNa' ke lie prerita kiyA gayA hai / Arta ko dekhakara unakA hRdaya moma kI taraha pighalatA thA, parantu sAdhanA ke kSetra meM ve vIrabhAva se saMgharSa karane ke pakSapAtI the| duHkha meM durbalatA dikhAne se kyA hogA, rone se rAja thor3e hI milatA hai ! karma bhoga samabhAva sUM, AlI mata kara AMkha ! 'campA' bAMdhyA cIkaNA, rovai kyUM baNa rAMka ? adhyAtma kI sAdhanA mana kI sAdhanA hai, apanI samasta cittavRttiyoM ko bAhara se khIMca kara antata: apane mana meM hI kendrita karanA hotA hai / gorakha, kabIra, tulasI Adi samasta bhakta kaviyoM ne sAdhaka ko apane mana ke mAnasarovara meM hI avagAhana karane kA upadeza diyA hai| 'campaka' kA yaha dohA bhI manaH sAdhanA kI prAthamikatA ko rekhAGkita karatA hai __mana gaMgA mana gandagI, mana rAvaNa mana rAma / saraga-naraka puna-pApa mana, mana ujAr3a mana grAma / Atma-sAdhanA kI jAnI-pahacAnI saccAiyoM ko bhI Apane apane mana ke mAdhurya meM lapeTa kara bar3I mArmikatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai auroM kA aizvarya-sukha, jhAMka TAMka mata TIka / karaNI karatA kyUM tanai, Avai campA jhIMka / kai ThA kuNa sai jalama hA, zeSa bhogaNA bhoga ? 'campA' cuke udhAra kyUM, bilakho dekha viyoga ? dohA chanda para ApakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra thA aura apane antevAsiyoM ko sambodhita kara unhoMne rAjiyA aura camariyA kI tarja meM aneka sambodhanAtmaka dohe bhI kahe the / muni campaka ne kevala kavitA hI nahIM likhI, kavitA ke svarUpa aura usakI racanA-prakriyA ke sambandha meM apane nape-tule vicAra bhI prastuta kie haiM / jaba kabhI usake 'mana kA moriyA' nAcatA to ve kavitA banAte nahIM, vaha apane Apa bana jAtI thii| kavitA koI bhATo thor3oI hai jako ghar3a ra biThA dyo / kavitA baNAI konI jAvai, bA to Apa hI baNai hai| ve kaviyazaH prArthI nahIM the, kaviyoM kI agalI pAMta meM baiThane ke abhilASI bhI nahIM the, parantu yaha mAnate the ki AtmA bhavyakti kA adhikAra

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna sabhI ko hai / ve isa sambandha meM bar3I dRr3hatA ke sAtha apanA dAvA peza karate haiM 88 ghur3adaur3a meM to sagalAi ghor3A dor3e daur3e jakAM maiM kai sagalAha or3a-jor3e ? vastutaH AsIsa meM saMkalita racanAeM sevAbhAvI sarala manA bhAIjI mahArAja ke dila kA darpaNa haiM, unake hRdaya kI saralatA, nizchalatA aura vatsalatA inameM pratibimbita huI hai / yuvAcArya mahAprajJa hindI aura saMskRta ke mahAna kavi haiM, unakI kavitA meM satahI bhAvukatA utanI nahIM hotI, jitanI mAnavIya astitva ke mUla praznoM ko lekara jJAnAtmaka saMvedanA kI abhivyakti hotI hai / unakI rAjasthAnI racanAoM se maiM sarvathA aparicita thA, parantu eka nibandha meM "phUla aura kAMTe" kavitA ke isa uddharaNa ko par3hakara Azcaryayukta prasannatA kA anubhava huA-- bar3o sIdho hai, paNa kanai sattA konI sattA konI jada hI sIdho hai, nahIM to Aja tAMI raito hI konI pailI hI sidhAI pUrI ho jAtI / isa kavitA meM unake vyaktitva kA eka nayA hI AyAma udghATita huA hai, jisameM cintana ko vyaMgya ke bANa para car3hAkara tIra-sA tIkhA banA diyA gayA hai / kAza ! unhoMne aise tIkSNa saMvedana vAlI aura bhI kavitAeM likhI hotIM / zAyada likhI hoM aura mere dhyAna meM hI nahIM AI ho / mahAprajJa bhUleM nahIM ki unakI pratibhA para mAyar3a bhASA kA bhI kucha dAvA hai / muni buddhamallajI kaviyoM ke kavi | hindI, saMskRta aura rAjasthAnI bhASA meM unakI lekhanI samAna rUpa se gatizIla rahI hai / kavivara dinakara ne 'manthana' kI bhUmikA meM likhA thA " buddhamallajI sastI bhAvukatA ke pravAha meM bahakara kAvya-kSetra meM nahIM A rahe haiM / unake bhItara vicAroM kA teja hai / buddhamallajI cintaka kavi haiM aura unakI kavitA meM vicAroM kI rIr3ha spaSTa dikhAI detI hai / " kavi ne svayaM likhA haiM - merI kavitA kA prArambha rAjasthAnI kavitAoM se huA thA, parantu rAjasthAnI meM unakA eka mAtra kavitA-saMgraha 'uNiyAro' hindI kavitA saMgrahoM ke bAda meM prakAzita huA thA / kisI bhI dRSTi se ye kavitAeM prArambhika racanAeM nahIM haiM, apane kathya aura abhivyaMjana donoM hI dRSTiyoM se ye rAjasthAnI kI zreSThatama racanAoM ke samakakSa ThaharAI jA sakatIM haiM /

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Adhunika rAjasthAnI kavitA ko terApaMthI santoM kA yogadAna 89 Adhunika manovijJAna kI mAnyatA hai ki Aja kA mAnava itane bAharI aura bhItarI tanAvoM evaM davAboM ke bIca jI rahA hai ki vaha apane vyaktitva ko khaNDita hone se nahIM bacA pA rahA / eka hI vyakti meM na jAne kitane vyaktitva antarnihita rahate haiM aura eka hI ceharA na jAne kitane mukhauTe lagAkara sAmane AtA hai uNiyAre meM eka Upara Aja kI sabhyatA kA yaha saMkaTa hai ki vyakti apanI sampUrNatA aura samagratA ko khaNDita hone se nahIM bacA sakA hai / uNiyAro kI kavitAoM meM vyaktitva - vighaTana aura usake antarbAhya jIvana kI aneka rUpatA aura paraspara virodhitA kA svara hI sabase Upara ubhara kara sAmane AyA hai / yaha Aja kA yuga-satya hai ki jo bAhara se jur3e hue haiM ve hI bhItara se TUTe hue lagate haiM / aura jo bAhara se bhare-bhare lagate haiM ve hI bhItara se khAlI dikhalAI par3ate haiM / vyakti jaisA hai vaisA dikhalAI nahIM par3atA hai, aura jaisA dikhalAI par3atA hai, vaisA hai nahIM / jIvana kA yaha duvidhAjanaka dvandva unakI aneka kavitAoM meM mukharita huA hai-- aura ghaNA uNiyArA hai, abhitara nyArA-nyArA hai ! bArai haMsaNo, bhItara roNo, ye donyUM cAlai / jhUTha aNUtA ghocA nitarA gharaM ghAlai / bArai syUM sAMco, bhItara syUM jhUTho baNa jAvai / kIM naiM mAnAM, kIM naiM chor3A, o saMso Avai / kavi ne vyakti ke isa bahurupieyana - antarbAhya jIvana kI asamAnatA para prabala prahAra karate hue samagratA, ekarUpatA aura avibhAjyatA ke mahattva ko rekhAGkita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jIvana meM virodha hI virodha hai, parantu virodha kA bhI apanA eka AkarSaNa hotA hai roNa - haMsaNa meM dUrI sau kosa rI paNa donyAM nai binA milyAM kada Avar3e ! Apane bhI ha~sate hue A~sU aura rotI huI muskAna dekhI hogI ! kabhI baccana ne gAyA thA 'jo bIta gaI so bAta gaI / ' vyakti agara smRtiyoM ke bhAra ko lAde phiregA to usake paira kabhI sIdhe nahIM par3eMge / A~suoM ke sAgara meM DubakI lagAne vAle ko kabhI kinArA nahIM milatA / atIta kevala smRti hai to bhaviSya nirI kalpanA, vyakti ko jInA to vartamAna meM hI par3atA hai-- bItI bAtAM bhUla, Aja nai kAma lai, jIvatar3e pala rI DorI tUM thAma lai,

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna o khiNa, bIjaka jhapakai jyUM Ayo gharai, I bahumole rI basa pakar3a lagAma lai / vartamAna meM jIne vAlA na yAdoM kI jugAlI karatA hai, na sapanoM kI saudAgarI / vaha to basa Age se Age calatA rahatA hai| kavi 'caraiveticaraiveti' kA yahI sandeza dete hue kahatA hai cAla Age, ke uDI kai aura ne| dekha, sUraja kI nikalatI kora ne| 'miNakalA aura pagothiyA' ke nAma se muni buddhamalla jI ke dUhe prakAzita ho rahe haiM, jinameM AtmAnubhava aura lokAnubhava kA sahaja sammizraNa ho gayA hai / ApakI hindI kavitA kI eka paMkti hai "bhASA kyA hai ? bhAvoM kA laMgar3AtA-sA anuvAda / " lekina satya to yaha hai ki cAhe gIta ho, kavitA ho yA dUhe hoM, muni buddhamalla kI bhASA kahIM laMgar3AtI huI pratIta nahIM hotii| dUhoM kI bAnagI bhI dekha lIjie-- bar3hatI bAta pagothiyA, sAdhana baNa jarUra / paNa bAM nai chor3ayAM binA, mair3I raijyA dUra / ke kara lesI tAkar3I, ke kara lesI bATa / tolaNiye rI nIta jada, ghar3asI oghaTa ghATa / vastutaH muni buddhamallajI rAjasthAnI kavitA ke eka sazakta hastAkSara haiM aura uNiyAro rAjasthAnI ke kAvyotkarSa kA eka U~cA kIrtimAna sthApita karane vAlI racanA hai| muni mohanalAlajI AmeTa ne apanI rAjasthAnI kavitAoM meM mukta chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai / jagat ke 'apAra aMdhakAra aura antahIna ujAle' ko Amane-sAmane rakha kara 'tatha ra katha' meM kucha nirapekSa niSkarSa nikAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / unakI dRSTi jagat meM vyApta dvandva aura dvaita para kendrita rahI hai, parantu use unhoMne antima satya nahIM mAnA hai| unakI kAvya-sarjanA ke mUla meM vaha advaitamUlaka dRSTi hai, jo sAre dRzyamAna bhedoM ko bheda kara abheda kA darzana karanA cAhatI hai / isIlie, unakI dRSTi darzana aura bAda ke pare dharma para kendrita hai duMda syUM jalamyo hai/darasaNa/ghuTana syUM/nikalyo hai/vAda / dharama/darasaNa hai na vAda/vo to hai/mana ro aparamAda / agara pakSa rahegA to pratipakSa kahAM jAegA? isI satya ko bimbAtmaka abhivyakti dete hue kavi ne kahA hai jIMvatI raisI/jhaMpar3I/ja, tAMI kalpanA meM hai maila muni 'dinakara' aura muni 'madhukara' kI kavitAeM kathya ke sAtha hI

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Adhunika rAjasthAnI kavitA ko terApaMthI santoM kA yogadAna 91 apane svara sammohana ke kAraNa bhI vizeSa lokapriya huI haiN| dinakarajI kI 'Atma-bAvanI' ke gItoM ko par3hate hue aisA lagatA hai ki jaise kavi AtmA ke kAna meM bar3I AtmIyatA ke andAja meM koI mana kI bAta kaha rahA he chAna-chAnai maiM pUchU hUM mhArI AtamA the sAcI-sAcI bAta batAo jI ! yaha svara jahAM jitanA AtmIya ho gayA hai, vahAM unakI gItikAeM utanI hI marmasparzinI ho gaI haiN| muni 'madhukarajI' 'havar3e ro helo' meM bhI Atma-prabodhana ke svara haiM parantu inakA lahajA kucha alaga hai dekho, dekho, dekho apaNI AtamA nai dekho re par3asI par3abhaba ro baNaNo paaNvnnoN| lekho, lekho, lekho apaNe ghara ro lelyo lekho re kAI-kAMI hai deNo pAvaNo / saca to yaha hai ki 'dinakarajI' aura 'madhukarajI' kI madhura gItikAoM kA pUrA rasAnubhava unhe chApe ke nirjIva zabdoM meM par3ha kara nahIM, unake kalakaNThoM kI madhura laya meM sunakara hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| muni sukhalAlajI ne aneka vidhAoM meM apane sRjanAtmaka prayoga kie haiN| rAjasthAnI kavitA ko bhI unhoMne upekSita nahIM rahane diyA hai| unakI kavitAoM meM oja, utsAha aura udbodhana ke svara pradhAna haiM tU apano puruSArtha jagA lai, duniyA apaNe Apa phurai lii| bAdala ghara-ghara pANI bA~Te, paNa nadiyAM ko kAma kraaro| eka jhapATa meM le jAvai, e pANI duniyAM ro sAro / baNA bAMdha majabUta iso tU, nadiyAM ApaNa ASa kailI / muni vatsarAjajI hindI ke prAtibha kavi haiN| parantu unakI eka rAjasthAnI racanA kI ye paMktiyAM Aja ke kaMTIle yuga-yathArtha ke citraNa kI daSTi se mujhe bahuta prabhAvakArI pratIta huii| inameM jo saTIka vyaMgya hai, vaha kavi kI aMtarvedanA se upajA hai, isalie gaharI mAra karatA hai sar3akA to sIdhI Aja baNI, paNa baNyA AdamI Ter3hA hai| kaMkara to jamagyA sar3akAM para, (paNa) minakhAM meM paDyA bakher3A hai| jo bhUlyo bhaTakyo Ave to sar3akA to pAra pugAvai hai| paNa karai bharoso minakhAM ro to kAlI dhAra hubovai hai| Aja yuga-pradhAna AcArya tulasI ke dizA nirdeza meM santoM aura sAdhviyoM kI kaI pIr3hiyAM eka sAtha rAjasthAnI ke mAdhyama se kAvya-sRjana meM

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92 terApatha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna saMlagna hai / merA nibandha kevala santoM taka sImita hai parantu unake samasta racanA-karma kA sarvekSaNa bhI maiM nahIM kara sakA huuN| mujhe jo racanAeM sulabha ho sakI, unhIM ke AdhAra para maiMne yaha adhUrA-sA adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai / maiM isa tattva ke prati aceta nahIM hUM ki aneka mahatvapUrNa kaviyoM aura unakI racanAoM kA ullekha maiM nahIM kara sakA huuN| lekina yaha avajJA ke kAraNa nahIM mere ajJAna ke kAraNa huA hai| una sabake prati kara baddha kSamA prArthI

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bhikkhu dRSTAMta-eka anuzIlana (dRSTAMtoM kI chaTA) sAdhvI kAnakumArI sAhitya ke kSitija para ubharane vAlI aneka vidhAoM meM eka sarasa aura subodha vidhA hai-saMsmaraNa / saMsmaraNa sAMskRtika paramparA ke saMvAhaka haiM / saMsmaraNoM meM sAMskRtika, sAmAjika aura dhArmika vAtAvaraNa kA pravAha hotA hai| jisa samaya jo saMsmaraNa ghaTita hote haiM, unheM kAlajayI manISA, gaharI saMvedanazIlatA aura tathyoM ke sAtha naI prastuti pradAna karatI haiN| kalama dvArA likhe gae ye saMsmaraNa itane sajIva aura jIvaMtatA liye hote haiM, ki unheM par3hane vAloM kI phisalatI nigAheM eka bAra meM hI sahajatA se pakar3a letI haiN| ___ saMsmaraNoM kI jo vidhA hai, vaha Atma-caritra ke antargata AtI hai| saMsmaraNoM ko prastuta karane vAlA lekhaka apane samaya kA sampUrNa itihAsa aMkita karanA cAhatA hai| saMsmaraNoM meM lekhaka kI saMvedanAeM aura anubhUtiyA~ mukhara hotI hai| isalie lekhaka zailI kI dRSTi se nibaMdhakAra ke bahuta nikaTa hotA hai / pazcima ke sAhitya meM sAhityakAroM ke sAtha-sAtha bar3e-bar3e rAjanItijJoM, prabuddha vyaktiyoM aura ucca padAdhikAriyoM ne apane jIvana meM ghaTita hone vAle saMsmaraNoM ko akSara-zilpI banakara jIvana ke kAgaja para citrita karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA haiN| una saMsmaraNoM ke mahatva ko sAhityika-jagata ne svIkAra kiyA hai| ___ saMsmaraNa lekhaka yadi apane sambandha meM likhate haiM, to usase unakI racanA AtmakalA kI nikaTatA sAdhatI hai| yadi anya vyaktiyoM se saMbaMdhita saMsmaraNa likhe jAte haiM, to ve saMsmaraNa jIvanI ke nikaTa hote haiN| ina donoM prakAra ke saMsmaraNoM ko aMgrejI meM kramaza: "reminiseseMja aura membAyarsa" kahate haiM / isa dRSTi se smRti ke AdhAra para kisI viSaya yA vyakti ke sambandha meM likhita lekha yA grantha ko saMsmaraNAtmaka saMjJA prApta hotI hai| saMsmaraNoM ke svastika vividha bhASAoM meM ukerita hue haiN| hindI sAhitya meM isa vidhA kA pracalana Adhunika kAla meM pazcimI prabhAva aura vAtAvaraNa meM huA hai| saMsmaraNa-lekhana-kSetra meM praur3ha evaM sRjanAtmaka racanAeM acchI saMkhyA meM upalabdha haiN| hindI ke prArambhika lekhakoM meM

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna padama siMha zarmA pramukha haiN| banArasI dAsa caturvedI kI do mahatvapUrNa kRtiyAM "saMsmaraNa" aura hamAre aparAdha' inameM AkarSaka zailI meM saMsmaraNa prastuta kie ge| isake bAda ke aneka hindI saMsmaraNa lekhakoM ne apane saMsmaraNa sAhitya meM vibhinna pAtroM kA sajIva evaM komala caritra-citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| vastuta: saMsmaraNa-sAhitya vyakti ke mana meM ina prasaMgoM, ghaTanAoM aura saMsmaraNoM ko AtmasAt karane kI lalaka paidA kara detA hai| bhikkhu dRSTAMta:--yaha grantha rAjasthAnI bhASA kA sarvotkRSTa grantha hai / atIta meM saMsmaraNoM kI paramparA bahuta kSINa rahI hai| usa samaya kA likhA huA yaha saMsmaraNa grantha bhAratIya sAhitya meM hI nahIM, vizva sAhitya kI anupama misAla hai| saMsmaraNAtmaka zailI kI adbhuta aura AkarSaka rAjasthAnI bhASA kI prathama kRti hai| __ isa kRti meM 'puNyazloka' terApantha praNetA AcArya bhikSu ke jIvanaprasaMgoM kA AMkalana kiyA gayA hai| ina mahatvapUrNa jIvana-prasaMgoM kA terApantha dharmasaMgha meM advitIya sthAna hai| isakI hastalikhita prati terApaMtha bhaMDAra meM surakSita hai| isa kRti ke dvArA AcArya bhikSu ke kartRtva, vyaktitva aura netRtva kA talasparzI adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya bhikSu kI vAstavika jIvana jhAMkI aura unake udAtta vicAroM kA mUla AdhAra kyA rahA? yaha dizA bodha isa kRti ke dvArA prApta ho sakatA hai| ataH ina saMsmaraNoM meM mana kI gaharAIyoM ko chUne vAlI arthavattA nihita hai| kRti ke saMkalana kartA __'bhikkhu dRSTAMta' ke sRjanakartA haiM-prajJA puruSa jayAcArya / jinhoMne apanI apratima prajJA se AcArya bhikSu ke 312 choTe-choTe atyanta mArmika aura rocaka rAjasthAnI bhASA ke saMsmaraNoM ko isa grantha meM saMjoyA hai| jinheM par3hakara sudhI pAThakoM ko aisA anubhava hotA hai, ki AcArya bhikSu aura mahAmanISI jayAcArya bhASA vizeSajJa rahe haiN| inake granthoM se "rAjasthAnI sabada kosa" ke nirmAtA sItArAma jI lAlasa ne saikar3oM rAjasthAnI bhASA ke zabdoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai| ___ 'bhikkhu dRSTAMta' bhAvoM kI pravaNatA, bhASA kI madhuratA aura zabdazilpana-saundarya se mahatvapUrNa grantha bana gayA hai| ina vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa yaha grantha jayAcArya kI bejor3a sRjana kSamatA kA paricAyaka hai / racanAkAla terApantha meM saMsmaraNa sAhitya kA abhyudaya prajJApuruSa jayAcArya se prArambha hotA hai / sthita prajJa munizrI hemarAjajI svAmI ne vi0 saM0 1903

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bhikkhu dRSTAMta - eka anuzIlana 95 maiM nAthadvArA meM pAvasa pravAsa kiyaa| usa samaya yuvAcArya "jaya" bhI sAtha the / jayAcArya kA cirapoSita svapna thA ki AcArya bhikSu ke madhura, rocaka evaM zikSAprada saMsmaraNa lipibaddha kiye jaaye| isa pAvasa meM jayAcArya kA yaha svapna phalita huA / bahu AyAmI vyaktitva ke dhanI hemarAjajI svAmI kI sannidhi meM, jinake jJAna prakoSThakoM meM lambI avadhi ke bAda bhI AcArya bhikSu se sambandhita saMsmaraNa surakSita the / isa pAvasa meM hema muni ne jayAcArya ko ye saMsmaraNa lipibaddha karAe / ye saMsmaraNa bhAvI pIr3hI ke lie amUlya nidhi bana ge| ina saMsmaraNoM ke' saMkalana kA nAma rakhA gayA - bhikkhu dRSTAMta / ina dRSTAMtoM ko do dRSTiyoM se vizleSita kiyA jA sakatA hai / 1. anubhUta / 2. zruta / kucha saMsmaraNoM ke hemarAjajI svAmI svayaM sAkSI rahe haiM / aura kucha unhoMne svAmIjI se tathA dUsaroM se sune una saMsmaraNoM ko jayAcArya ko lipi - baddha karAyA / bhikkhu dRSTAMta saMsmaraNa sAhitya meM yaha ucca koTi kA graMtha hai / yaha hamAre dharmasaMgha meM hI nahIM, vizva meM rAjasthAnI bhASA kA durlabha grantha haiM / yaha kRti hamAre dharmasaMgha kI sAMskRtika dharohara hai| isake bAda terApantha meM saMsmaraNa lekhana kI svastha paddhati kA zubhArambha huA jo Aja taka apane lakSya kI ora niraMtara gatimAn hai / AcArya bhikSu tAttvika jJAna ke akSaya koSa, AgamajJa, pratyutpanna pratibhA sampanna virAT vyaktitva ke dhanI, kuzala prazAsaka, anuzAsananiSTha, AcAraniSTha evaM zramaniSTha ina vizeSatAoM ke purodhA the / yaha svAmIjI ke jIvana prasaMgoM ke saMkalana kA mahatvapUrNa grantha hai / AcArya bhikSu ke saMsmaraNoM meM tattva-cintana kI sUkSmatA, tArkika zakti kI prakharatA aura jijJAsAoM ko samAhita karane kI adbhuta kSamatA kA digdarzana hotA hai ! unake jIvana darzana ko ujAgara karane vAlI ye ghaTanAeM aura saMsmaraNa hamAre dharmasaMgha ke sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa dastAveja haiM / isa grantha ko par3hane, manana karane aura anuzIlana karane se sudhI pAThaka apanI prajJA kI UMcAI ko chU sakatA hai / ataH ina saMsmaraNoM ko nimnalikhita cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai: (ka) tattva darzana (kha) AcAra darzana

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96 (ga) vyavahAra darzana (gha) vicAra darzana (ka) tattva darzana - vikAsa yAtrA ke vividha pahalU haiM / unameM eka pahalU hai 'tattva - darzana' / tatva - darzana ke abhAva meM vyakti vikAsa kI samagra yAtrA nahIM kara sakatA / yAtrA meM pUrNatA tabhI AtI hai jaba use tattva ko samajhane yogya AMkheM upalabdha hotI haiM / tattva kA artha hai --honA / tattvavettAoM ne tattvoM kA vargIkaraNa tattva do haiM-- jIva aura ajIva / jIva ke nirjarA aura mokSa / ajIva ke upajIvI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA - " jIvAjIva aNAyaMto kahaM so nAhii saMjamaM / " jo sAdhaka jIva aura ajIva ko nahIM jAnatA hai vaha saMyama kA AcaraNa kaise kiyA hai| jaina abhimata meM mUla upajIvI tattva haiM Azrava, saMvara, tattva hai-puNya, pApa aura baMdha ! karegA / terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna svAmIjI ke saiddhAMtika dhAraNAoM ke kucha sumadhura saMsmaraNa prastuta haiM-- 1. tuma saMjJI ho yA asaMjJI : udayapura meM svAmIjI ke pAsa eka vezadhArI sAdhu AyA / usane kahA- mujhase prazna pUcho ? svAmIjI ne kahA - tuma hamAre pAsa Ae ho phira kyA prazna puucheN| taba vaha bolA kucha to puucho| svAmIjI bole- tuma saMjJI ( samanaska) ho yA asaMjJI ( asamanaska) / taba vaha bolA- maiM saMjJI hU~ / taba svAmIjI bole- isakA nyAta batAo / taba vaha bolA- nahIM, nahIM maiM asaMjJI hU~ / tuma asaMjJIho isakA bhI nyAya btaao| taba vaha bolAmaiMna saMjJI hU~ aura na asaMjJI hU~ / svAmIjI bole- tuma saMjJI - asaMjJI donoM nahIM ho, yaha kisa nyAya se / taba vaha krodhita hokara bolA- tumane nyAyanyAya kara hamAre sampradAya ko bikhera diyA / vaha jAte-jAte chAtI meM mukke kA prahAra kara calatA banA / 2. rAga-dveSa kI pahacAna : rAga-dveSa kI bhinna pahacAna ke lie svAmIjI ne dRSTAMta diyA / koI bacce ke sira para coTa mAratA hai / taba loga ulAhanA dete hue kahate haiM, bacce ke sira para kyoM mArate ho ? kisI ne bacce ko laDDU diyA yA mUlI dI use koI nahIM rokatA / kyoMki rAga ko pahicAnanA kaThina hai, dveSa ko pahicAnanA sarala hai / (kha) AcAra darzana jaise dUdha kA sAra navanIta hotA hai| phaloM kA sAra rasa hotA hai /

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bhikkhu dRSTAMta--eka anuzIlana Ayurvedika auSadhiyoM kA sAra arka hotA hai| ailopaithika auSadhiyoM kA sAra e0 bI0 sI0 DI0 TebaleTa hotI haiM / vaise hI jJAna kA sAra AcAra hotA hai| "nANassa sAro AyAro" svAmIjI ke saMsmaraNoM meM unake jJAna kI gaharAI ke sAtha AcaraNa kI UMcAI kA pratibimba prApta hotA hai| prastuta haiM, AcAra darzana ke kucha saMsmaraNa:1. tIna naukAeM : kisI vyakti ne AcArya bhikSu se pUchA-zuddha sAdhu kauna hotA hai ? svAmIjI ne naukA kA udAharaNa diyaa| tIna naukAeM haiN| eka pUrNa naukA dUsarI chidra yukta naukaa| tIsarI patthara kI naukaa| pahalI naukA ke samAna zuddha AcAra niSTha sAdhu jo svayaM taratA hai aura anya bhavya prANiyoM ko tAratA hai| dUsarA kevala sAdhu pariveza meM rahatA hai| vaha svayaM DUbatA hai| dUsaroM ko saMsAra-sAgara meM DubotA hai| vaha chidra yukta naukA ke samAna hai| tIsarA pratyakSa hI pAkhaNDI jo svayaM DUbatA hai tathA dUsaroM ko bhI DubotA hai| vaha patthara kI naukA ke samAna hai| svAmIjI ne isa prakAra praznakartA ko AcAraniSTha sAdhaka kI pahacAna kA patha prazasta kiyaa| 2. roTI ke lie AcAra kaise chor3a dU : eka bahina ne AcArya bhikSu se AhAra ke lie vinamra nivedana kiyaa| svAmIjI usake ghara padhAre / vaha AhAra baharAne lgii| svAmIjI ne kahAlagatA hai tumheM AhAra dene ke bAda hAtha dhone par3eMge / usa bahina ne kahAhAtha to dhone hI pdd'eNge| svAmIjI ne kahA-sacita jala se dhoogI yA garma pAnI se ? usa bahina ne kahA-hAtha garma pAnI se dhouuNgii| svAmIjI ne pUchA-pAnI kahAM girAogI? bahina ne kahA-nAlI meM giraauuNgii| taba svAmIjI ne kahA---pAnI nIce giregA, usase vAyukAyika jIvoM kI virAdhanA hogI / bahina ne kahA-Apa isa bAta kI cintA chodd'eN| hama sAMsArika prANI haiM, isameM Apako kyA Apatti hai| yaha to hamArA kArya hai| taba svAmIjI ne kahA- tuma apanA sAMsArika kArya nahIM chor3a sakatI, to maiM roTI ke lie AcAra ko kaise chor3a sakatA huuN| (ga) vyavahAra darzana-- dUsare vyakti ko prabhAvita karane vAlA mahatvapUrNa mAdhyama hai-- vyavahAra / vyavahAra se vyakti ke vyaktitva kI pahacAna hotI hai| svAmIjI kA

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna vyavahAra- kauzala anUThA thA / unake sAmane jo bhI vyakti AtA, vaha svAmIjI ke vyavahAra se abhibhUta ho jaataa| kyoMki svAmIjI dUra se hI Ane vAle vyakti kI nabja pahacAna lete aura unake manobhAvoM ko tAr3a lete the / kucha aise hI jIvana-prasaMga prastuta haiM, isa sandarbha meM. - 98 1. tumhAre lie naraka hI bacA hai : AcArya bhikSu desUrI jA rahe the| rAste meM ghANerAva ke mahAjana mile / unhoMne pUchA- tumhArA nAma kyA hai ? svAmIjI ne kahA - bhIkhaNa / unhoMne kahA--bhIkhaNa ! terApanthI, vaha tuma ho ? taba svAmIjI ne kahA- hA~, hU~ to vahI / taba ve uttejita hokara bole- aho ! anartha ho gayA / tumhArA mu~ha dekhane vAlA naraka meM jAtA hai / svAmIjI ne kahA- tumhArA mu~ha dekhane vAlA ? unhoMne garva ke sAtha kahA- hamArA mu~ha dekhane vAlA svarga yA mokSa meM jAtA hai | svAmIjI ne sasmita hAsya bikherate hue kahA- tumhAre vizvAsa ke AdhAra para mujhe to svarga yA mokSa hI milegA / tumhAre hisse meM to naraka hI bacA hai / 2. jaisA diyA jAtA hai vaisA pAyA jAtA hai : 'kApharalA' gA~va meM sAdhu gocarI ko gae / eka jATanI ke ghara meM dhovana thA --- - jaisA diyA pAnI thA / vaha dene ko taiyAra nahIM huI / usakA vizvAsa jAtA hai vaisA milatA hai / maiM aisA pAnI nahIM pI sakatI isalie nahIM dUMgI / santoM ne svAmIjI ko sArI avagati dI / taba svAmIjI svayaM vahAM padhAre aura bahina se dhonapAnI dene ko kahA / taba bahina ne kahA- mujhase dhovana nahIM piyA jAtA / taba svAmIjI ne kahA- gAya ko ghAsa DAlI jAtI hai, phira bhI vaha dUdha detI hai / aise hI sAdhuoM ko dhovana pAnI dene se lAbha milatA hai / aisA sunate hI usane dhovana pAnI de diyA / (gha) vicAra darzana - pakSI ko anaMta AkAza meM ur3ane ke lie pAMkhoM kI apekSA rahatI hai / pAMkheM jitanI zaktizAlI hotI haiM, pakSI utanI hI UMcI ur3Ana bhara sakatA hai / vicAroM kI pAMkheM jitanI sabala aura sphurita hotI haiM vyakti utanI hI vikAsa kI UMcI ur3Ana bhara sakatA | prastuta hai svAmIjI ke saMsmaraNoM kI eka jhalakaH --- 1. Apa kaise jAnate haiM ? kelavA meM ThAkura mokhama siMha jI ne kahA- Apa bhaviSya kA lekhA jokhA batalAte haiM / vaha kisane dekhA hai / taba svAmI jI dAde, paradAde, hue haiM / tuma una pIr3hiyoM ke nAma aura bole- tumhAre bApa, unakI purAnI bAteM

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bhikkhu dRSTAMta - eka anuzIlana 99 jAnate ho / una sabako kisane dekhA hai taba ThAkura sA bole- hama to cAraNoM aura bhAToM kI bahiyoM ke AdhAra para jAnate haiM / yaha sunakara svAmI jI ne kahA--- bhAToM aura cAraNoM ko jhUTha bolane kA tyAga nahIM hai / unakI likhI bAtoM ko tuma saca mAnate ho / taba jJAnI puruSoM dvArA kahI huI bAta asatya kaise ho sakatI hai / yaha sunakara ThAkura sA bahuta prasanna hue / 2. kahIM nayA jhagar3A khar3A na ho jAe : svAmIjI ke siriyArI cAturmAsa meM potiyAbandha sampradAya kA kapUra jI nAma kA sAdhu thA / vahA~ para kucha usa sampradAya kI zrAvikAe~ bhI thIM / kSamAyAcanA divasa ke dina kapUrajI ne svAmIjI se kahA- bhIkhaNajI ! zrAvikAoM se merI kucha khaTapaTa ho gayI / Aja unase kSamAyAcanA karane jA rahA hU~ / svAmI jI ne kahA- kapUra jI jA to rahe ho, kahIM nayA jhagar3A khar3A mata kara lenA ? kapUra jI ne kahA- -nayA jhagar3A kyoM karUMgA / kapUrajI ne vahA~ jAkara kahA - bahinoM tuma ne mere sAtha burA vyavahAra kiyA, para mujhe rAga-dveSa nahIM rakhanA hai / taba bahinoM ne kahA - burA vyavahAra hamane kiyA yA tumane kiyA / isa para jhagar3A aura bar3ha gayA / kapUrajI vApasa Akara svAmI jI se bole - bhIkhaNa jI jhagar3A to ulTA aura bar3ha gyaa| taba smita hAsa ke sAtha svAmIjI ne kahA- maiMne tumheM pahale kahA, vahI huA / pAradarzI vyaktitva ke mahAdhanI AcArya bhikSu ke pAsa kucha vyakti unheM carcA meM parAsta karane, kucha vyakti parIkSA karane, kucha dUsaroM ke dvArA ukasAe hue to kucha apanI asmitA kA pradarzana karane Ate the / aise vyaktiyoM ko svAmIjI apane siddhAMta - bala, tarka - bala aura buddhi-bala se sanmArga kI ora bar3hane kI preraNA dete the / aura apanI haMsa-manISA - prajJA se unake vicAroM meM chAye aMdhere ko ujAlA pradAna karate the / bhikkhu dRSTAMta meM saMgRhIta preraNAdAyI saMsmaraNoM kA nimnAMkita prakAra se vargIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai: jaise eka prakAra kA vargIkaraNa (1) saMghIya sAdhu sAdhviyoM se sambandhita saMsmaraNa (2) saMghIya zrAvaka samAja se sambandhita saMsmaraNa (3) anya sampradAya ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM se sambandhita saMsmaraNa (4) anya sampradAya ke zrAvakoM se sambandhita saMsmaraNa (5) kucha saMsmaraNa dAna, dayA, hiMsA, puNya, pApa Adi se sambandhita haiM dUsare prakAra kA vargIkaraNa (1) tattva darzana se sambandhita saMsmaraNa 75 17 71 135 14 80

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100 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna nAma h ` m r >> m s >> (2) AcAra darzana se sambandhita saMsmaraNa 88 (3) vyavahAra darzana se sambandhita saMsmaraNa (4) vicAra darzana se sambandhita saMsmaraNa tIsarA vargIkaraNa sthAna ke AdhAra para ghaTita saMsmaraNoM kA adhovinyasta vibhAjana satyasta hai:sthAna (gAMva) saMsmaraNoM ko sthAna kA saMsmaraNoM kI kA nAma saMkhyA saMkhyA 1. pIpAr3a bilAr3A 2. pAlI pAdU 3. pura kAMkarolI 4. kheravA guMdoca 5. rIyAM celAvAsa 6. siriyArI kizanagar3ha 7. kelavA riNIhI 8. nAthadvArA jodhapura 9. DhUDhADa devagar3ha 10. AuvA AmeTa 11. mAdhopura bhIlavAr3A 12. sojata jADaNa 13. kApharalA mAThA 14. AgariyA desUrI 15. khAracI bUMdI 16. udayapura AcArya bhikSu se sambandhita saMsmaraNoM kA gAMva aura zaharoM kA vivaraNa prApta nahIM hai| bhikkhu dRSTAMta ko par3hane se anubhava hotA hai, ki ye saMsmaraNa thalI, mevAr3a, mAravAr3a, dUThANa meM ghaTita hue haiN| jahA~ AcArya bhikSu ne apanI ojasvI-dharma-dezanA se logoM ko lAbhAnvita kiyA thaa| prakAzana-isa rAjasthAnI bhASA ke sarvottama grantha kA pahalA prakAzana san 1960 meM huaa| sampAdaka----jaina vidyA manISI zrIcandajI rAmapuriyA / prakAzaka-jaina zvetAMbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA / sudhI pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM jaise hI yaha kRti pahu~cI, saMsmaraNoM ko lm lh lh lh lh m mh h

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bhikkhu dRSTAMta--eka anuzIlana 101 par3hakara janatA ne anirvacanIya Ananda prApta kiyaa| punaH dUsare saMskaraNa kI mAMga hone lgii| cira pratIkSA ke bAda jayAcArya nirvANa zatAbdI ke punIta avasara para dUsarI bAra isa kRti kA punarAvalokana kiyA gayA AcAryapravara ke sAnnidhya meN| isa mahatvapUrNa kRti ke pravAcaka-yuga pradhAna AcAryapravara haiN| pradhAna sampAdaka-mahAmanISI yuvAcArya pravara haiN| sampAdaka haiM munitraya-- munizrI madhukarajI, munizrI mohanalAlajI AmeTa, munizrI mahendrakumArajI tathA prabaMdha sampAdaka zrIcaMdajI rAmapuriyA, kulapati--jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM / yaha jaya vAGmaya kA 24 vAM grantha hai| isameM tIna pariziSTa bhI 1. hema saMsmaraNa 37 haiN| 2. zrAvaka saMsmaraNa 25 haiN| 3. phuTakara saMsmaraNa dRSTAMta isameM sphuTa 32 saMsmaraNa haiN| rAjasthAnI bhASA sAhitya ko jayAcArya kA anupama avadAna hai'bhikkhu dRssttaaNt'| kuzala prazAsaka jayAcArya ne svAmIjI ke jIvana ke kenavAsa para ubhare hue hara ghaTanA prasaMgoM ko bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha zabdoM meM ukera kara 'bhikkhu dRSTAMta' ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| yaha bhikkhu-dRSTAMta unakI saphalasRjanazIlatA, sAhityaka pratibhA aura kuzala kalAtmakatA kA paricAyaka hai| vartamAna meM pAradarzI vyaktitva ke mahAdhanI yuga pradhAna AcAryapravara bhikSu cetanA varSa meM jana-jana meM bhikkhu-dRSTAMta ke mAdhyama se naI cetanA sphurita karanA cAhate haiN|

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kAlayazovilAsa : vividha saMgItoM kA saMgama muni madhukara kAlayazovilAsa rAjasthAnI bhASA kA eka mahAkAya mahAkAvya hai| isake caritranAyaka haiM-svanAmadhanya paramArAdhya gurudeva sva0 zrImad kaaluugnnii| isameM unake udAtta yazasvI evaM avismaraNIya jIvana ko chaha ullAsoM meM padyamaya saMgIta ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| prAMjala bhASA, prAkRtika citraNa, hara ghaTanA ko pakar3ane kI painI dRSTi tathA bhaktibhRta AMtarika AsthA-bhAva se bhare hara pRSTha ko par3hate samaya pAThaka Ananda-vibhora ho uThate kAlayazovilAsa eka vizAla pArAvAra hai| isakA vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se vizleSaNa apekSita hai| para maiM prastuta nibaMdha ke mAdhyama se isameM prayukta vividha rAganiyoM kI ora pAThakoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa karanA cAhatA huuN| vi0 saMvat 2000 kI sAla AcAryapravara kA cAturmAsa gaMgAzahara meM thaa| kAlyazovilAsa kA sarvaprathama pariSad meM vAcana vahIM huaa| AcAryavara usa samaya 28 varSa kI pUrNa taruNa avasthA meM the| gaMgAzahara ke pUre cokhale kI pariSad AcAryavara kI sumadhura pravacana zailI se cumbaka kI taraha khiMcI huI AtI thii| ____saMgIta kI mujhe bacapana se hI abhiruci thii| ata: merA bhI usase sIdhA lagAva ho gyaa| usa samaya maiM 11 varSa kA thaa| yadyapi sAhitya kI gaharAI ko itanA nahIM samajhatA thA para mujhe yAda hai--kAlUyazovilAsa kI pahalI gItikA ke "suNie sayaNAM racita suvayaNAM, guru vyAkhyAna suraMgo re, sayANAM / " isa "dhruva-pada" ko hama sAthI loga khUba Ananda se galiyoM meM gAte hue jAte the| AcAryavara ke sumadhura kaMThoM se sune hue ve gIta Aja bhI mere kaMThoM ke sAthI bane hue haiN| racanAkAra kA paricaya ___ isa mahAkAvya ke sarjaka haiM-yugapradhAna AcAryazrI tulasI / Apa jaina zve0 terApantha dharmasagha ke navama adhizAstA haiN| dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika kSetroM meM rASTrIya tathA aMtarrASTrIya stara para Apake maulika vicAroM evaM sUjhabUjha kI gUMja hai / ApakI aneka kRtiyA~ sAhitya jagata meM samAdRta ho rahI haiN|

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kAlUyazovilAsa : vividha saMgItoM kA saMgama Apa sAhityakAra ke sAtha-sAtha eka uccastarIya Apako yaha kalA prakRti se virAsata meM milI hai / avasthA meM zraddheya kAlUgaNI ke caraNoM meM dIkSita bar3A sumadhura thA / sAmUhika gAyana meM ApakA svara thA / isalie loga Apako "bAMsurI mahArAja" isa lage the / prAraMbha se hI Apake hRdaya meM hara kalA ko hastagata karane kI dhuna rahatI thI / ataH isa kalA ke lie Apako koI atirikta abhyAsa nahIM karanA par3A thA / zraddheya kAlUgaNI ko suna-suna kara Apa isa viSaya meM niSNAta ho gae the / 103 saMgItajJa bhI haiM / Apa mAtra gyAraha varSa kI ho gae the / ApakA kaMTha svataMtra rUpa se sunAI detA vizeSaNa se upamita karane eka bAra kI ghaTanA hai-- pUjya kAlUgaNI ne gAyaka saMtoM ko saMbodhita kara kahA - "asavArI" kI rAga sunaao| jisakA Adi pada hai - rANAjI thAMrI dekhaNa dho asavArI / saMgha ke tatkAlIna pramukha gAyaka saMta muni kundana - malajI, muni cauthamalajI, muni sohanalAlajI, cUrU Adi ne isa padya ko gAkara sunAyA, para kAlUgaNI kI parIkSA meM ve uttIrNa nahIM ho sake : pUjya pravara ne muni tulasI ko saMketa kiyA to Apane gurudeva ke zrImukha se kucha dina pUrva hI sunI usa rAga ko jyoM kI tyoM sunAkara "yaha ThIka gAtA hai" yaha pramANa-patra prApta kara liyA / zrImajjAcArya dvArA racita bhagavatI kI jor3a kI 500 DhAleM, ve rAgeM agara kahIM surakSita haiM to Apake hI kaMTha meM / isake atirikta caMda, rAmacaritra Adi pacAsoM prAcIna vyAkhyAnoM kI tathA svAmIjI kI racanAoM kI rAgoM ke Apa adhikRta gAyaka haiN| isa prakAra Apane aneka rAgoM ko Atmastha kara eka nayA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA hai / kAlU yazovilAsa meM Apane unameM se cunI huI rAgoM kA khulakara prayoga kiyA hai / isa mahAkAvya ke chaha khaMDa haiM / jinheM ullAsa ke rUpa meM prastuti dI gaI hai / pratyeka ullAsa meM 16-16 DhAleM haiM aura bIca-bIca meM prasaMgopAtta pacAsoM aMtara DhAleM haiM / aMta meM 5 zikhAeM rakhI gaI haiM / isa prakAra isa grantha meM 101 mUla DhAleM tathA 55 antara DhAleM haiM / kucha rAgoM kA ekAdhikabAra bhI prayoga huA hai / ataH kula milAkara isameM lagabhaga 113 rAgeM (deziyAM ) upalabdha haiM / unameM zAstrIya saMgIta ko bhI ucita sthAna milA hai / AcAryavara kI eka vizeSatA hai ki jahA~ kahIM bhI thor3I sI raDakana dikhalAI detI hai, use tatkAla miTAne kA prayAsa karate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki ApakI hara kRti parimArjana kI isa kasauTI se gujaratI huI pAThakoM taka pahu~cate-pahu~cate svarNa kI taraha nikhara uThatI hai / kAlUyazovilAsa bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai / punarnirIkSaNa ke avasara para Apane aneka sthaloM ko AmUla

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104 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna cUla parivartita kara diyaa| kucha kar3I rAgeM bhI badala dI aura unakA sthAna Ajakala ke bahucarcita kucha loka gItoM ne le liyaa| kAla yazovilAsa kI bhASA rAjasthAnI hai ata: isameM rAjasthAnI loka gItoM kA pracuratA se prayoga huA hai / unameM kucha ye haiM:1. kasubho 8. lAvaNI 2. challo 9. momala 3. tejo 10. hokko 4. pIpalI 11. sapano 5. olyU 12. mAr3ha 6. kevar3oM 13. gaNagora 7. baghAvo lokagItoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ye ucita samaya, ucita avasara aura ucita prasaMga para gAe jAeM tabhI saTIka baiThate haiM / AcAryapravara isa kalA meM atyanta dakSa haiN| kAlUyazovilAsa meM isa dakSatA ke pratyakSa darzana hote haiM--"kasuMbho" isa gIta ko maMgala prasaMgoM para gAyA jAtA hai| kAlayazovilAsa kA maMgala prArambha isI rAga se hotA hai / marusthala kA sAhitya aura AlaMkArika varNana isa rAga kA mAdhyama pAkara kitanA sarasa ho uThA hai; par3hie kucha padya "rayaNI reNukaNAM zazikiraNAM calakai jANaka cAMdI re| mana haraNI dharaNI, yadi na huvai ati Atapa aru AMdhI re|" u0 1, DhA0 1, gA0 8 rAtri meM dhoro ke reNu kaNoM para caMdra kiraNeM par3atI haiN| una donoM kA yoga dekhakara kavi kahatA hai, aisA lagatA hai-mAno cAMdI camaka rahI ho| magara yahAM para grISma Rtu kA Atapa aura AMdhiyA~ nahIM hotI to isakI manoharatA kA kyA kahanA / Age isa kSetra kI aneka vizeSatAeM batalAte hue eka anokhe sthala ke rUpa meM citrita karate hue kahate haiM yaha to "svarNasthala" hai, ise "marusthala" kahanA acchA nahIM lgtaa| "isa anokhai sthala ro nAma, marusthala nahIM suhAvai re| svarNa-sthala bhala bhAvai bhAkhata, kuNa sI bAdhA Avai re||" u0 1, DhA0 1/13 paMcamAcArya zrImad maghavAgaNI ke divaMgata hone ke bAda muni kAla kA virahI mana kyA-kyA ciMtana karatA hai, isakA citraNa eka viraha kA rAga 'mUka mhAro keDalo hUM UbhI yU~ hajUra" meM kitanA saTIka lagatA

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kAlayazovilAsa : vividha saMgItoM kA saMgama 105 manar3o lAgyo re, citar3o lAgyo re, khiNa-khiNa samarUM guru ! thAMro upagAra re, kiyA visarAU mhArAM hivaDai rA hAra ! manar3o" 0 nehar3alAM rI kyArI ro mhArI ro ke AdhAra rai ? sUkyo soto jo ikaloto sUno so saMsAra 0 vajrAhata hU~, marmAhata hU~ pIr3A ro nahiM pAra re ___ maiM hI jANUM mhArai mana rI yA jANe karatAra 0 zAsana devata ! A piNa kevata nahiM nibar3I nissAra re eka pakkhI prItaDI ro kacco kArobAra 0 pIU-pIU kara bo papIho pukAra re mehaDalai nai huI na hovai phikara ligAra 0 moTA minakha nihArai nAMhI pAchala ro pyAra re mokha jAtAM vIra chor3ayA goyamajI ne lAra" manar3o" u. 1, DhAla0 5/gA0 4, 14, 15, 16, 17 zraddheya kAlUgaNI ke padArohaNa ke lie bhAdrava pUrNimA kA dina nizcita kiyA gayA / aura ApakA janma hai-phAlguna zuklA dvitiiyaa| isa tathya ko caMdramA ke rUpa meM suprasiddha caMda vyAkhyAna kI eka rAga-"bhUmIzvara alavezvara kAnana phere tuSAra" meM kitanI sundara abhivyakti huI hai| "bhAdravi pUnama bhAvI, bhAvI-pragati-pratIka / niyatA pUjya paTTotsave, maMgalIka nirbhIka / / dutiyA syUM prAraMbhI, laMbI jiNa rI lIka / so sAbata aba UgasI, rohiNI dhava ramaNIka / u0 1, DhAla 12, gA0 10,11 padArohaNa vi0 saM0 1966 kI sAla huaa| do chaha ko "chakkaM chakkA" isa muhAvare ke sAtha kitanA saMgata biThAyA gayA hai karasI rAja acakkA, chakkaM chakkA deva / tiNa syUM do chakkA milyA, chayAMsaTThe svayaMmeva // u0 1, DhA0 12, gA0 31 mAtuzrI chogAMjI kA cAturmAsa bIkAnera thA / Apa padArohaNa ke bAda apane putra (kAlUgaNI) ke darzana ke lie sujAnagar3ha pahu~catI haiN| vaha prasaMga "Aja ANaMdA re" isa sarasa rAga meM kitanA madhura lagatA hai sUM sUM zItalatA huI, harasa hiye asamANa / moda na mAvai citta meM, loyaNa amiya bharANa // bhanimiSa nayaNAM nirakhatI, jANaka animiSa-rUpa / adbhuta anubhavatI ratI, cintai cita anurUpa //

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106 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna amita prema-dhana Umar3ayo, romAMcita tanu saMgha / jaga meM jananI jAta ro, hai abhihar3a sambandha / u0 1, DhA0 14, gA0 12,13,17 AcAryazrI kAlUgaNI lADanUM padhArate haiN| bAlaka tulasI (AcArya tulasI) ApakA mukhAraviMda dekhate haiM, to bhaMvare kI taraha jhUma uThate haiN| usa samaya kA citraNa "kevaDo" isa rAga meM kitanA sArthaka hai "mhAre guruvara ro mukhar3o hai khilato phUla gulAba so| mukhar3e rI chavi manahAra, mukhar3o zazAMka somyAkAra / / mukhar3o amaMda avikAra "..." maMju manohara mohana mUrti, sphUrtI divya didAra / pUMjIbhUta puNya manu palakai, bhalakai lalita lilAr3a // guru-vadanAraviMda para jhUmai, mujha mana-ali anuhAra / animiSa-nayana nihArai sotsuka, sammukha bArambAra // " u0 3, DhA0 3, gA0 22,24 vi0 saM0 1990 sujAnagar3ha meM jodhapura ke zrAvakoM dvArA mAravAr3a padhArane ke lie bhAva-bharA nivedana "marudharA kI pukAra" ke rUpa meM prastuta huA hai-"ghar3i doya AvatAM palaka ika AvatAM" isa lokagIta meM "guru ghar3i-ghar3i palaka-palaka nija haka lakha, khar3i-khaDi bATa nihArai ho ati dukha bhArai ho, gaNivara ! virahavatI maru bhUmi kA, monai "maru' "maru" kaha batalAvai ho, kai dila dAvai ho, gaNivara ! kaha marudeza-marIcikA / nirajala thala kahi gAvai ho mana sukha pAvai ho gaNivara ! jadapi vahai jala-vIcikA kai jaMgala' kahi-kahi jAvai ho, jI ghabarAvai ho gaNivara ! nAma nisuNa marudeza ro|| mhAro dilar3o khUba dukhAvai ho, kila bilalAvai ho, gaNivara ! karuNa dRzya lakha kleza ro|" u0 4, DhA0 1, gA0 22,23 isI prakAra "bhAMga" kI dezI-pio nI paradezI meM mevAr3I logoM kI prArthanA meM mevAr3a kA anUThA citraNa huA hai "pUjya parameza ! padhAro deza mevADAM tAro aji tAraNahAra thAMro ika mAtra AdhAra /

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kAlUyazovilAsa : vividha saMgItoM kA saMgama * U~cA U~cA zikharAM syUM zikharI suhANAM zikharayAM syUM harita apAra / bhara-bhara karatA nirbharaNA, ujjvala varaNAM, kiraNAM dUdhAM rI dhAra // * bAMgAM - bAMgAM bar3abhAgAM, koyaliyA kUjai, gUMja gahUra- bica zera / * lambI khogalAM nAlA bAhalA ne khAlA, nadiyAM ro nahIM nivera // * vArI bina sIMce, vArI sUkai vicArI, samajho guru ! Apa vicAra | * vArI vArija ikatArI, thAMrI nai mhAMrI, na karo aba dera ligAra // u0 4, DhA0 9, gA0 9,10,13 isI prakAra eka bhajana - "hari guNa gAyalaM re" kI dezI meM paramArAdhya kAlagaNI ke hAtha ke vraNa kA AkhoM dekhA hAla kitanA sahI rUpa meM prastuta huA hai "bhayaMkara vraNa syUM re, jakar3ayo svAma zarIra, 2% aTala nija praNa syUM re, dhIra vIra gaMbhIra / asara nahIM upacAra ro re, jhAlyo jidda hamIra // bhaje vAma kara vAmatA re, sajhe nahIM upazama / pIr3a - arjaNI tarjaNI re, saghana garjaNI ghAma // choTe kada meM dIkhato re, jAvada meM jo rUpa / lAja-vihUNo Aja to re, baNyo ghaNo vidrUpa || bAMdhI Upara lUparI re, bharI pIpa syU pUra / kula kuTila viSa viSamatA re, prasarI pIr3a pracUra // cabako ati abakho calai re, sabako dila becaina / ucchRMkhala khala AgrahI re, suNe na mAne aina // " u05, DhA0 13, gA0 13-16 dUsarA citraNa dekhiye prAcIna caubIsI kI dezI - " kuMthu jinavara re" "Aja mhAre guruvara ro lAge aMga aDolo / sadA custa so rahato ceharo saba vidha olo dolo // kuNa jANI vraNa vedana beraNa dAruNa rUpa baNAsI, sAre tana meM yUM china china meM apaNo roba jamAsI / o uNihAro re jAbaka par3agyo dholo | 107

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108 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna dUra paMcamI-samitI jAtAM AI hai nibalAI, calatA laMbI-laMbI Daga bhara aba kAyA kumalAI / dila bilakhAvai re khAvai hiyo hilolo|" u0 6, DhA0 2, gA0 8,9 'olyU' rAga rAjasthAna kI prasiddha rAga hai| isa rAga meM nibaddha yuvAcArya pada kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM huA guru-ziSya saMvAda pAThaka ko eka naI duniyA meM le jAtA hai tathA samarpaNa aura vAtsalya kA alaukika udAharaNa dikhalAtA hai / usake kucha bola haiM - "hAM re zAsaNa nAyaka rI madhurI-madhurI bolI pyArI lAge re, tulasI ! hA re bodha vidhAyaka rI sevA karatAM supta bhAvanA jAga re, tulasI ! 0 Aja tanai maiM sthira manA, teDaco hai ekAMte bhAra bhulAUM re, tulasI ! bhaikSava zAsana rI matA, mamatA, kSamatA lai sArI saMbhalAUM re, tulasI ! 0 suNato rahagyo stabdha so, eka bAra to sahasA sadguru-vANI re, tulasI ! Aja acAnaka A sthiti, iMyAM sAmanai AsI kade na jANI re, tulasI !" u0 6, DhA0 6, gA0 16,17 viraha kI vyathA bar3I vikaTa hotI hai| AcArya pravara kAlUgaNI jaba svargavAsI ho jAte haiM usa samaya pUrA saMgha vyAkula sA bana jAtA hai / yuvAcArya zrI tulasI kI mAnasika sthiti kA to kahanA hI kyaa| usa sthiti kA hUbahU citra dekhane ke lie prastuta haiM kucha bhAva pradhAna padya 'caMda caritra' kI viraha vyakta karane vAlI rAga "ho piu paMkhIr3A" meM 0 ho guru guNa geharA ! AzA-taru aNapAra jo, lar3Alumba laharAyA hRdaya amAraDai re loya / ho mhArA zira-seharA / kyUM o taruNa tuSAra jo, Aja anUTho bUTho viraha tumhAra Dai re loya // * ho guru guNa geharA / kiNa Agala kahuM bAta jo, kuNa suNasI aba mhAro kahaNa kRpA-nidhe re loya / ho mhArA zira seharA ! nizidina pulakita gAta jo, rahato sammada lahato nita pada sannidhe re loya / /

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266 kAlUyazovilAsa : vividha saMgItoM kA saMgama * ho guru-guNa geharA ! "tulasI" "tulasI" nAma jo, kuNa batalAsI kiNa syUM karasyUM maMtraNA re loya / ho mhArA zira seharA ! o gurutara gaNadhAma jo, kiNa vidha hosI nava nirmANa, niyaMtraNAM re loya // " u0 6, DhA0 13, gA0 18,19,32 __ kAlUyazovilAsa ko ganne kI upamA dI jAe to atyukti nahIM hogii| ganne ko jahAM kahIM se cUso madhura hI lgegaa| vahI sthiti isakI hai| chaThe ullAsa ko to isakA hRdaya kahA jA sakatA hai| mujhe kaThinAI anubhava ho rahI hai ki maiM isa choTe se nibaMdha meM kisa prasaMga ko lU aura kisako chodduuN| aMta meM isa mahAkAvya meM prayukta deziyoM kI sUcI hI prastuta kara rahA huuN| merA saMgIta-premI pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki ve agara inakA pUrA rasAsvAdana karanA cAhate haiM to eka bAra AcAryazrI ke kaNThoM se inheM avazya suneN| prayukta rAga kA Adi pada kAlUyazovilAsa pRSTha 1. AI thI paDosaNa kaha gaI bAta 2. Aja AnaMdA re 3. Aja mhArai svAmIjI ro(tejo) 4. AdinAgha mere AMgaNa AyA 102 5. Avata merI galiyana meM giradhArI 6. ikSu rasa heto re jyAMrA pAkA kheto re 7. ubhaya meSa tihAM Ahur3iyA 8. aiso jAdupati 9. olyU 342 10. karmaNa kI rekhA nyArI 299 11. kAMya na mAMgA kAya na mAMgA 12. kAlI kAlI kAjaliya rI rekhajI 13. kuMvara! thAMsyU mana lAgoM 14. kuMthu jinavara re 327 15. kesara varaNo ho kAr3ha kusumbho 16. koro kalazo jala bharayo kAMi dharatI zoSyAM jAya 17. khammA khammA khammA ho kuMvara ajamAla rA 18. khimyAvaMta joya bhagavaMta ro jI jJAna 318 19. khoTo lAlaciyo (dulajI choTo so) 172 20. gahiro jI phUla gulAba se 234 224 95 11 263 197

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110 21. gurAMjI the marne goDai na rAkhyo 22. ghar3I doya AvatAM palaka ika jAMvatAM 23. caMDAlI caukar3iyA ho 24. caMdana caukyAM meM sarasa vakhANa terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna 25. cAmar3A rI pUtalI bhajana kara 26. cAlo bAbAjI ghara ApaNa 27. cAlo sahelyA AMpA bhairU nai manAsyA a 28. cUrU kI caracA 29. challA maiM nahIM choDU 30. cher3o nAMjI nAMjI ho nAMjI nAMjI 31. jagadaMbA guru aMbA nI guMNa bhaMbhA bAje 32. jaya jaya naMdA, jaya jaya bhaddA 33. jaga bAlhA jaga bAlhA jinendra padhAriyA 34. jaya bolo nema jinezvara kI 35. jaya jasa gaNapati vana meM 36. jaya jaya jaya jaya sAMvariyA ne namU re namU 37. jyAM sira sovatAM re loya 38. jiNa ghara jyAjai hai nIMdar3alI 39. jina zAsaNa meM dhura syU Adi jiNaMda ke 40. jo vimalapurI nA vAsI rai 41. jaMbU ! kahyau mAna le re jAyA 42. jhar3Ake chor3I ho bAlA 43. DAma mUMjAdika nI DorI 44. DerA AchA bAga meM re 45. tAvar3A dhImo so tapajai 46. tU to pala pala rAma samara re 47. dArU dAkhAM ro 48. duniyA rAma nahIM jANe 49. dekho re bhAI ! kalajuga Ayo 50. dhana dhana bhikSu svAMma dIpAI dAna dayA 51. dhIThA meM dhIMTha maiM kahA bigADA terA 52. nAharagar3ha le cAlo bannA sA 53. nimitta nahIM bhAkhe guru jJAnI 54. nIMdaDalI ho beraNa hoya rahI 55. panajI sUMDhai bola 380 214 186 183 301 345 152 238 218 314 241 352 254 151 13 368 114 58 232 90 165 95 277 93 70 213 275 173 101 118 325 122 169 291

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kAlayazovilAsa : vividha saMgItoM kA saMgama 111 138 144 107 293 56. pAyala vAlI padmanI 57. piu padamaNa nai pUche jI 58. pio nI paradezI 59. prItama jI hivai tuma vega padhAro 60. puNyasAra sukha bhogavai 61. bagIcI niMbUvAM kI 62. badhajyo re cejArA ghArI bela 63. bAhyau gulAbazAhI kevar3o 64, bole bAlaka bolar3A re 65. bhajiye nizadina kAlagaNiMda 66. bhalo dina Ugyo 67. bhavana sundarI jaya sundarI 68. bhavikAM nRpanI beTI guNa nI peTI 69. bhaMvikA mithuna Upara dRSTaMta kahai jina 70. bhAvai bhAvanA 71. bhUmIzvara alavezvara kAnana pherai tuSAra 72. manavA nAMya vicArI re 73. mahilAM ro mevAsI ho lasakariyo 74. mADha 75. munivara viharaNa pAMgurA sakhi 76. muni mana caliyo re tU ghera 77. munivara ne Apo jhaMpar3I AMpArI 78. mUka mhAro keDalo maiM UbhI hU~ hajUra re 79. mhAMnai cAkara rAkhojI / 80. mhArA lADalA jaMvAI kuttI pAla lIjyo jI 81. mhArI rasa selar3iyA AdI jinesara kIdho pAraNo 82. mhArai re pichokaDa bAhyo re kasumbo 83. mhAro ghaNA mola ro mANakiyo kuNa pApI legyo re 84. raca rahyau jJAna ja caracA syU 85. rAkha nAM ramakar3A 86. rAjA rANI raMga thI re khele anupama khela 87. rAta rA amalA meM hoko gaharo gUje ho rAja 88. rAma raTa lai re prANI 89. rUDai caMda nihAlai re navaraMga 90. rUThor3A ziva zaMkara mhArai ghare padhAro jI 388 0 0 0 WW KOMWW WWWKWW G IN WOM 290 393 140 284 180 119

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112 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna 402 148 221 40 256 238 226 286 230 91. lakSamaNa rAma syU vinavai 92. vArU hai sAdhAM rI vANI 93. vIra padhAr2yA rAjagRhI meM 94. vIramatI kahai caMda ne 95. vIramatI tarU aMba nai kAMI dIdho kaMba prahAra 96. vIra virAja rahyA 97. zahara meM zahara meM vairAgI saMyama Adarai 98. sapanA re verI bhaMvara milA de re 99. sabhApati hameM mile budhavAna 100. saraNATa kucAmaNa bahagyo 101. sahiyAM gAo o badhAvo 102. sAyara lahara syUjANajI 103. sAdhu zrAvaka vrata pAla nai re 104. sAdhu zrAvaka ratanAM rI mAlA 105. sIpaiyA terI sAMvarI sUrata para vArI 106. sukhapAla siMhAsaNa 107. sugaNA khamAvie taja khAra 108. sumati nAtha sumatA patha dAtA 109. suhAga mAMgaNa AI 110. harI guNa gAya lai re 111. hA~ rai hU~ to icaraja pAnI svAmI bacane 112. hema RSi bhajie sadA re 113. ho piu paMkhIr3A 85 111 384 85 299 312 75 72 369

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sudarzanacarita meM sudarzana kA caritra-citraNa suzrI niraMjanA jaina bhAratIya sAhitya meM zivatva kI bhAvanA ko sarvopari sthAna diyA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya-nirmANa laukika yaza aura sampadA prApti ke liye na kiyA jAkara Atmazuddhi, sAmAjika jAgaraNa aura lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara kiyA jAtA rahA hai / bhAratIya kAvyAcArya kAvya yA sAhitya ko soddezya mAnate haiN| kAvyAcArya bhAmaha kAvya-racanA kA uddezya puruSArtha catuSTaya kI prApti, samasta kalAoM meM nipuNatA evaM kIti tathA prIti tathA Anandopalabdhi batAte haiM / ' mammaTa ne kAvya ke chaha prayojanoM kA ullekha kiyA hai "kAvyaM yazase'rthakRte vyavahAravide zivatarakSataye / ' sadyaH paranirvRttaye kAMtAsammita yopadeza yuje // " jaina sAhitya kA udbhava dhArmika krAnti para AdhArita hai / isalie prastuta carita kAvya sudarzana carita jo rAjasthAnI bhASA kA sarvaprabhAvI kAvya hai isake racayitA terApaMtha ke Adya pravartaka AcArya bhikSu, jo rAjasthAna ke prasiddha sAhityakAroM meM ziromaNi haiM, ne apanI prasiddha kRti sudarzanacarita' ke uddezya meM dhArmika tatva ko pradhAnatA dI hai| prastuta kAvya ke mahAtmya ko prakhyApita kiyA gayA hai-sudarzana muni ke caritra ke mAdhyama se / sudarzana muni kI kathA saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza graMthoM meM samAna rUpa se pAyI jAtI hai| AcArya bhikSu ne 'sudarzana caritra' meM se sudarzana ke jIvana caritra ko sarasa aura sarala rAjasthAnI padyoM meM vyAkhyApita kiyA hai / prastuta grantha zIla evaM vairAgya kA utkRSTa kAvya hai| isameM zIla, saMyama, tapa, puNya aura pApa ke rahasya ke sUkSma vivecana ke sAtha mAnava jIvana aura prakRti ke yathArtha dharAtala ko kAvyakAra apane pradhAna pAtra sudarzana ke caritra kI vizAlatA meM prakaTa karatA hai| kAvyazAstra yA nATyazAstra meM nAyaka kA artha pradhAna pAtra hotA hai| nayati iti nAyakaH --... jo vyakti kathAnaka ko mukhya uddezya yA kathAnaka kI ora le calatA hai use nAyaka kahate ___ zIla kI dRSTi se nAyaka ke cAra prakAra kahe gae haiM-dhIrodAtta dhIroddhata, dhIralalita aura dhIraprazAMta / / jaina sAhitya meM jo nAyaka Aye haiM, unake do rUpa haiM-mUrta aura

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114 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna amUrta / mUrta nAyaka mAnava haiM, amUrta nAyaka manovRti vizeSa / mUrta nAyaka sAdhAraNa mAnava kama asAdhAraNa mAnava adhika haiM / yaha asAdhAraNatA Aropita nahIM, ajita hai / apane puruSArtha, zakti aura sAdhanA ke bala para hI ye sAdhAraNa mAnava viziSTa zreNI meM pahu~ca jAte haiM / ye pAtra sAmAnyataH saMskAravaza yA kisI nimitta kAraNa se virakta ho jAte haiM aura pravrajyA aMgIkAra kara lete haiM / dIkSita hone ke bAda pUrvajanma ke karma udita hokara kabhI upasarga banakara, kabhI parISaha banakara sAmane Ate haiM para ye apanI sAdhanA se vicalita nahIM hote / parIkSA ke kaThora AghAta inakI AtmA ko aura adhika majabUta tathA inakI sAdhanA ko aura adhika tejasvI banA dete haiM / pratinAyaka parAsta hote haiM para anta taka duSTa banakara nahIM rahate / unake jIvana meM bhI parivartana AtA hai / aura ve nAyaka ke vyaktitva kI preraka kiraNa kA sparza pAkara sAdhanA patha para cala par3ate haiN| bhAratIya sAhitya ke mUla meM AdarzavAditA hai| vaha saMgharSa meM nahIM maMgala meM vizvAsa karatA hai / yahA~ nAyaka kA anta duHkhada mRtyu meM nahIM hotA / use kathA ke anta meM AdhyAtmika vaibhava se sampanna anantabala, anantajJAna, anantasukha aura ananta saundarya kA dhAraka batAyA gayA hai / ___ sudarzana muni jaina paraMparA meM mahAvIra ke pAMcaveM antakRta kevalI mAne gae haiN| inakI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ve ghora tapassyA kara evaM nAnA upasargoM ko sahana kara usI bhava meM kevalajJAna prApta karate haiN| NamokAra maMtra ke prabhAva se gopAla bAlaka agale janma meM seTha sudarzana ke rUpa meM janmA / khUba vaibhava milA aura ghora yAtanAeM bhI sahanI pdd'ii| kintu ve na to vaibhava aura bhogavilAsa meM rame, na kleza aura pIr3AoM meM vigalita hue| unhoMne AtmasaMyama ke uccatama Adarza ke phalasvarUpa vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA paayii| zAstrIya kAvyoM kI paraMparA meM nAyaka ko saphala nAyakatva kI kasauTI para kasA gayA hai / dazarUpakakAra ne nAyaka ke guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai 'netA vinIto madhurastyAgI dakSaH priyavaMdaH / raktalokaH zucirvAgmI rUr3havaMza sthiro yuvA // budhyutsAha smRti prajJA kalAmAna smnvitH| zUro dRDhazca tejasvI zAstracakSazcadhAmikaH // isa caritakAvya kA nAyaka sudarzana dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke lakSaNoM se yukta pAyA gayA hai| vaha AdyopAMta, atigaMbhIra, krodha-zoka-sukha-dukha meM prakRtistha, kSamAzIla, dRr3havratI evaM nirabhimAnI pAyA gayA hai / jo use dhIrodAtta nAyaka kI koTi meM lA khar3A karate haiN| caritaka (vya kA nAyaka mokSa puruSArtha ko prApta karane kA prayAsa karatA hai, usakI samasta bhAvazakti apane lakSya kI ora pravRtta rahatI hai| nAyaka jIvana kI vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM jItA huA AdarzavAda ko prasthApita karaka

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sudarzanacarita meM sudarzana kA caritra-citraNa 115 jIvana mUlyoM kI pRSThabhUmi para apane cAritra kA nirmANa karatA pAyA gayA hai / vaha tyAgI vIra, kulIna, sundara, rUpa tathA yauvana se sampanna, kAryoM ko karane meM nipuNa, janasamudAya ko AkRSTa karanevAlA, teja, catura aura zIla Adi guNoM se yukta pAyA gayA hai / dhArmika jIvana kI sarvotkRSTatA usake jIvana meM prasphuTita huI hai / sudarzana - zrAvaka - campA nAma kI nagarI meM dhAtrIvAhana rAjA usa nagarI ke adhipati the / unakI paTarAnI kA nAma thA abhayA (abhiyA) / usI nagarI meM RSabhadAsa nAmakA bArahavratadhArI zrAvaka rahatA thA / usakI jinamatI nAma kI bhAryA thI / vaha bhI zrAvikA thI / usane eka putra ko janma diyA aura usakA nAma sudarzana rakhA / yathA nAma yathA guNa vAlA thA sudarzana / rUpa aura saundarya kA bhaNDAra thA 'rUpa lakSaNa guNa tehanAM bhalA re vyaMjanAdika sarva vizAla re / " sabhI ke netro ko priyakArI thA / usake atyanta guNavatI manoramA nAma kI bhAryA thI / pitA ke dhArmika saMskAroM ke prabhAva se vaha bhI bArahavratI zrAvaka banA / 'seTha sudarzana zrAvaka taNA re bAre prata pAle rUDI rIta re / devAdika ro DigAyo Dige nahIM re, tiNarI lokAM meM ghaNI pratIta re / ' patnI ne bhI bAraha vrata grahaNa kara liye / 'pAle zrAvaka nAM vrata bAra, punna joge jor3I milI / " 117 sudarzana rupa, medhA evaM guNoM se AkIrNa thA 'huvo bahottara kalAnoM jANa re / tiNa meM piNa sagalA guNa che vizAla re / " vaha AcaraNa ke sAtha rUpa se anupama thA, usake adbhuta rUpa ne mitra - patnI kapilA rAnI abhayA evaM vaizyA ko kAmAndha banA diyA, ve kAmatRpti ke lie usase prArthanA bhI karatI haiM / rUpa dekha virahaNI thaI vAMche sudarzana sUM bhogI / " 'rANI rUpa dekha mUcchita huI karavA lAgI mana meM vicAra re / ehavA puruSa thakI sukha bhogave, dhina dhina cha teha nAra re / " para zreSThI putra sudarzana apanI avicala vrata niSThA se unheM asaphala kara detA hai 'te para triyA mUla vAMche nahIM re, tiNarA dRr3ha ghaNA pariNAma | 3 93 dRDhadharmI, dRDhavratI sudarzana kAmAsaktA banI kapilA, abhayA evaM vezyA ke dvArA nAnAvidha pralobhita kiyA jAtA hai, ve apakIrti kI dhamakI detI haiM, apane ko maraNa zayyA taka bhI le jAtI haiM para jJAnI kahate haiM jo apane bala, sthAma, zraddhA, Arogya ko dekhakara tathA kSetra aura kAla ko jAnakara usake anusAra AtmA ko dharma-karma meM niyojita karatA hai, vaha skhalita yA anAcArI nahIM hotA / " svAmIjI ne sudarzana kI zIla niSThA kA ullekha karate hue hI kahA hai 'pUrva thakI pazcima dize, kadAca Uge bhANa / to piNa seThajI zIla thI na cale, jo jAve nija prANa / 55

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna zUravIra - karma senA ko dhvasta karane meM sudarzana zUravIra siddha hue / unake jIvana meM adhikAMza upasarga strIjAti ne paidA kiyA / upasargoM se ghabarAe nahIM apitu apane zakti teja se unheM parAsta kara diyA / jitane tIvra bAharI upasarga the utane hI prakhara unake Atmika saMkalpa the| pahalI bAra ke upasarga ke samaya unakA saMkalpa bala jAga uThA 116 jo, iNa upasarga thI UbarUM, vrata rahe kusale khema / to zIla che mhAre sarvathA, jAvajIva lage nema / / 6 16 50 unakA saMkalpa zuddha aura pavitra thA isalie unakA svIkRta abhigraha pUrA ho jAtA 'sUra vIra suddha pariNAma sU, tyArI kadeya na palaTe bANa / isI prakAra dUsare tIsare upasarga meM bhI ve aparAjeya bana gae / brahmacArI -- brahmacArI aura brahmacarya kI mahimA kA bar3A hRdayagrAhI varNana jainAgamoM meM milatA hai / praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM brahmacarya ko 32 upamAoM se upamita kiyA gayA hai| sudarzana kI jIvana ghaTanA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki brahmacArI ko apane vrata meM kitanA dRr3ha honA cAhie / yaha udAharaNa isa bodha ke lie hai ki anAyAsa zIlakhaMDana kA vikaTa prasaMga upasthita ho jAya to bhI brahmacArI mohagrasta hokara vicalita na ho| aise saba prasaMgoM ke avasara para bhI vaha asIma manobala kA paricaya de aura kAmarAga ko pUrNa rUpa se jiite| aise hI prasaMga para sudarzana kA manobala prakaTa hotA hai " maiM cAritra na jANyo nAra no, tiNa sUM Aya phasyo chU eha / paNa zIla na khaMDU mAMharoM, A kare aneka upAya / " jo vasa cha~ mhArI AtmA to na sake koI calAya sacamuca 'mana caMgA to kaThautI meM gaMgA - mana para kAbU ho jAya to vANI aura karma AsAnI se vazIbhUta ho jAte haiM / sudarzana zIlaskhalana ke vibhinna prasaMgoM meM brahmacarya vrata ke prati aDiga dekhe gae, brahmacarya kI stuti meM apane ko bhAvita kara AtmA kA uddhAra karate haiM 'zIla vrata ho vratAM meM pradhAna / "" zIlavrata kI dRDhatA, brahmacarya ke prabhAva se zUlI bhI unake lie Ananda kA siMhAsana bana jAtI hai / brahmacarya kI niSThA se hI ve bola par3ate haiM- 'jo Ave indra nI apsarA to piNa nahI choDU dharma nI Teka / 20 19 utkRSTa tyAgI vairAgI - 'triyA madana talAvar3I, DUbo bahu saMsAra / keika uttama ubar2yA sadaguru vacana saMbhAra // " 21 sudarzana uttama prANI thA / dharmaghoSa muni se dharmakathA sunakara usane saMsAra ke vAstavika rUpa ko jAnakara nizcaya kiyA ki jarA aura maraNa rupI agni se jalate hue isa saMsAra se maiM apanI AtmA kA uddhAra karU~gA / "aba pAMca mahAvrata AdarUM, chAMDI parigraha tAsa / bAre bhede tapa tappU jyU pAmU 22

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sudarzanacarita meM sudarzana kA caritra-citraNa zivapura vAsa / 123 kAmabhoga duHkhAvaha haiM / unakA phala bar3A kaTu hotA hai| vastutaH jaba manuSya daivika aura mAnuSika bhogoM se virakta ho jAtA hai taba vaha andara aura bAhara ke anekavidha mamatva ko usI prakAra chor3a detA hai jisa taraha mahAnAga keMculI ko| jaise kapar3e meM lagI huI reNu-raja ko jhAr3a diyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra vaha Rddha, vitta, mitra, putra, strI aura sambandhI janoM ke moha ko chiTakA kara nispRha ho jAtA hai| jaba manuSya nispRha hotA hai taba muNDa ho aNagAra vRtti ko dhAraNa karatA hai / jaba manuSya muNDa ho anagAra vRtti ko dhAraNa karatA hai, taba vaha utkRSTa saMyama aura anuttara dharma kA sparza karatA hai / sudarzana zIlavata kI rakSA ke lie apane vajra saMkalpa ke AdhAra para virakta ho muni banatA hai 'iNa upasarga thI hUM bacU, to lesU saMjama bhAra / 24 utkRSTa tapa tapakara vaha karma zrRMkhalA ko kamajora banAtA hai| kSamAvAna-sahanA Atmadharma hai / AtmavijetA utpanna kaSToM ko apane kRta karmoM kA pariNAma mAnakara sahana kara letA hai, kisI dUsare para doSAropaNa nahIM krtaa| abhiyA rAnI kAma kI niSphalatA para sudarzana ko pratAr3ita karatI hai, phAMsI ke phaMde taka pahu~cA detI hai para sudarzana apane Atmadharma ko nahIM tyAgatA / vaha yahI citana karatA hai-'mhAre azubha karma ude huA, hive kAcI AdarUM kema / 25 karma taNI gati bAMkar3I re, te bhogAvaNI mujhe neTha / " brahmacarya ke prabhAva se seTha sudarzana zIlavAna rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai to rAjA krodhita ho abhiyA rAnI ko mArane kI socatA hai, usa samaya sudarzana prArthanA ke svara meM kahatA hai-'to abhiyA rANI ne dhAya rI, Apa doyAM rI mata karo ghAta ho lAla / ......"yAM to kiyo che mhAMsU upagAra ho lAla / '27 rAjA ke dvArA bhI akRta kiyA gayA para sudarzana ne kSamA kA dAna dekara apanI kIrti bar3hAI / abhiyA rAnI apane duSTa pApAcaraNa kA pardAphAza hone para lajjita evaM krodhita ho AtmAghAta kara baiThI, marakara vyantarI banI / vyaMtarI yonI meM bhI seTha sudarzana kA pIchA karatI hai, kaSTa detI hai para brahmacarya ke prabhAva se yA devaprabhAva se vaha zAnta ho jAtI hai| apane ghora anyAyapUrNa AcaraNa ke lie pazcAttApa karatI hai tathA kSamA mA~gatI hai / kSamAvIra sudarzana apakArI ko upakArI mAnakara kaha dete haiM 'o upagAra cha sarva tAMharo, thAMsU nahIM mhAre dheSa ligAra ho / ' muni sudarzana kA mamatvayogI rUpa yatra-tatra prakaTa huA hai / hara sthiti meM hara paristhiti meM samatA hI unakA mUla maMtra thA 'to piNa munivara mUla DigyA nahIM, rAkhyA samatA bhAva / '29 munivara sameM pariNAmeM sahyo, karma kiyA cakacUra / isa prakAra samatA kI niseNI se unhoMne mokSa kI maMjila ko prApta kara liyaa| 'chUTA saMsAra nA dukha thakI, pahutA avicala mokha ho / niSkarSataH isa caritakAvya kA sabase pradhAna guNa nAyaka ke caritra kA

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118 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna utkarSa dikhalAnA hai / brahmacarya kI rakSA sAdhaka ko pratyeka sthiti meM karanI cAhiye aura isa prakAra se zIla kI rakSA karate hue vyakti ko koI bhI hAni nahIM pahu~cA sakatA, yahI isakA sAra hai / brahmacarya aura brahmacArI kI mahimA pratisthApita karanA isa kAvya kA mUla pratipAdya banatA hai / saMdarbha - sUcI 1. kAvyAlaMkAra ( bhAmaha) 1.2 2. kAvyaprakAza 1.2 3. bhikSu grantha ratnAkara bhAga - 2 ratna 19 prakA0 terApaMthI mahAsabha prakAzana, kalakattA 4. sAhitya darpaNa - tIsarA pariccheda 5. dazarUpaka 1.11 6. bhikSu grantha ratnAkara khaNDa-2, ratna 19, DhA0 1-10 7. vahI, DhAla 1-21 8. DhAla 2-18 9. 10. 11. 12. 13 " 33 "1 11 11 13. DhAla 3-9 14. dasavaikAlika a0 8-35, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 15. bhikSu grantha ratnAkara khaNDa 2, ratna 19, DhA0 20-3 16. vahI DhAla 5-2 17. DhAla 16; dohA 2 1) 11 33 18. DhAla 4; dohA 2-3 19. DhAla 16-1 20. DhAla 16-9 21. DhAla 16 22. DhAla 32-2 23. DhAla 32-6 24. DhAla 16; dohA 1 13 " 77 11 21 11 25. DhAla 21; dohA 2 26 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 17 "" 17 11 DhAla 1-12 DhAla 1-20 " DhAla 2; dohA 7 DhAla 8-8 17 DhAla 22-1 DhAla 28 - 16, 17 DhAla 42-7 DhAla 41-13 DhAla 41-15 DhAla 42-9

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AcArya bhikSu kI sAhitya sAdhanA OsAdhvI candanabAlA rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI hajAra varSa kI paramparA rahI hai| aneka manISI AcAryoM-santoM ne rAjasthAnI sAhitya bhaNDAra ko samRddha kiyA hai| vibhinna-vidhAoM meM vividha viSayoM para likhakara unhoMne rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI anupama sAdhanA kI hai| una yazasvI sAhityakAroM kI zrRMkhalA kI eka viziSTa kar3I haiM--AcArya bhikSu / AcArya bhikSu apane yuga ke mahAna vicAraka aura krAMta-draSTA santa the| rUr3ha paramparAoM aura mithyA mAnyatAoM ke viruddha unakI lekhanI kaThoratA se clii| hara paristhiti meM ve satya kI zodha meM utare rahe / dharma, darzana, AcAra Adi viSayoM meM unakI anubhUtiyA~ kAvyAtmaka rUpa meM abhivya jita huii| unake kAvyoM meM kabIra kA phakkar3apana aura svAbhAvika saMvega dRSTi ke darzana hote haiN| saMgharSoM ke ghaTATopa meM bhI unakA mastiSka kabhI kuMThita nahIM huaa| kadama-kadama para vaicArika sAmAjika avarodhoM ke bAvajUda unakA cintana rUr3ha nahIM banA, rukA nhiiN| vi0 saM0 1817 meM AcArya bhikSu ne dharmakrAMti kii| taba se lekara 1853 taka unheM vibhinna prakAra ke saMgharSoM se gujaranA par3A phira bhI unakI lekhanI kA ajasra pravAha avirala bahatA rhaa| darzana ke gUr3ha rahasyoM ko sahaja, subodha bhASA meM bA~dhanA unakI vilakSaNa pratibhA kA AtmabhU sAkSya hai| jaina tattvajJAna, AcAra vizleSaNa, saiddhAntika matabhedoM kA nirUpaNa, maryAdA aura vyavasthAoM kA vivecana Adi maulika viSayoM para jo racanAeM upalabdha haiM, ve niHssandeha rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI apratima dena hai / unakA padya sAhitya cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai--- (1) AcAra nirUpaNa (sAdhu-AcAra-saMhitA) (2) paravAdiyoM kA nirAkaraNa-saiddhAMtika pakSa (3) AkhyAna kAvya (4) prabandha kAvya gadya sAhitya meM adhikAMzataH tAttvika nirUpaNa hai / saMghIya maryAdA se sambandhita patra bhI unake gadya sAhitya ko suzobhita karate haiN| kavi banAe

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120 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna nahIM jAte ve naisargika hote haiM / A0 bhikSu isake jIvaMta nidarzana haiN| hRdaya meM uThane vAle vicAroM ko unhoMne kavitA meM bA~dha diyaa| Asa-pAsa, parisara meM jahA~ kucha vaiziSTya najara AyA use apanI kalama kA viSaya banA liyaa| AcArya bhikSu kI adhikAMza racanAeM rAjasthAna meM pracalita vibhinna rAga-rAginiyoM meM nibaddha haiN| soraThoM aura dohoM kA prayoga kaI sthAnoM para huA hai / gItoM ke mAdhyama se gambhIra dArzanika viSayoM ko bhI jana bhogya banA diyA hai| 1. navapadArtha sRSTi ke niyAmaka do tattva haiM-jIva aura ajIva / nau tattvoM meM vaNita Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye jIva kI hI avasthAeM haiN| aura puNya-pApa, bandha ajIva kI / SaD-dravyoM meM pA~ca dravya ajIva haiM / ataH unakI mImAMsA ajIva padArtha ke antargata samAviSTa hai| __ AcArya bhikSa ne 13 DhAloM meM nau padArthoM kA kramabaddha evaM vizada vivecana kiyA hai| sahaja-sarala bhASA meM tattvoM kI gahanatA ko saralatA se samajhA diyA hai / nau padArtha ke vivecana meM hI dravya SaTka kA varNana bhI svataH samAhita ho gayA hai / jaina tattva-mImAMsA va AcAra-mImAMsA donoM kI dRSTi se isa kRti kA vaiziSTya hai / 2. zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata pUrNatA aura apUrNatA kI dRSTi se mumukSu ko do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| pahalA varga saMyamI kA hai, jo gRhI jIvana meM pUrNa saMyama kA jIvana svIkAra kara lete haiN| pAMca mahAvratoM kI akhaMDa anupAlanA unakA uddezya hotA hai / tathA dUsarA varga vratoM ko yathAzakya svIkAra karatA hai, jinheM zrAvaka kahA jAtA hai ! zrAvaka jaina darzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai| sAdhanA ke pariprekSya meM usake lie 12 vratoM kA vidhAna hai| AcArya bhikSu ne isa kRti meM zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM kA vistRta aura sarala vivecana kiyA hai / eka-eka vrata ko samagratA se samajhAne kA gaharA prayatna kiyA hai| isameM kula 13 DhAleM aura 52 dohe 3. byAhulo vivAha sAmAjika vyavasthA kA eka krama hai, jisameM do vyakti eka dUsare ke prati samarpita hote haiM / isa avasara para aneka laukika prathAeM pracalita haiN| isa kRti meM AcArya bhikSu ne vivAha sambandhI laukika kriyAoM ko paramArtha dRSTi taka le jAkara pratipAdita kiyA hai / kRti ke uddezya kI carcA

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AcArya bhikSu kI sAhitya sAdhanA 121 karate hue svayaM AcArya bhikSu ne kahA hai-- "jogI joga seThe rahe bhogI teja vikAra" 4. ninvarAsa--- ___ apane yuga meM AcArya bhikSu ko vipakSI loga nihnava kahate the| vAstava meM nihnava kise kahate haiM ? isa prazna ko uttarita kiyA gayA hai isa kRti meM / AcArya bhikSu kI dhAraNA ke anusAra nihrava vaha hai jisakI AsthA nirgrantha dharma ke viparIta hai, jisake AcAra aura tattva prarUpaNA meM bhI antara hai| vAstava meM yaha kRti tAtkAlika mithyA abhinivezoM, kriyAkalApoM para gaharI coTa karatI hai| 5. gaNadhara sikhAvaNI isa kRti meM AcArya bhikSu ne manuSya jIvana kI asthiratA ko aneka rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai / jaise : "athira parapoTo pANI taNoM, athira jhAlara ro jhinnkaaro| tyUM athira AUravo minaSa ro, jAMNe bijalI taNo camatkAro // " jIvana kI avAstavikatA pradarzita kara pratikSaNa jAgarUka rahane kA saMketa kiyA hai| "NANAgamo maccu muhassa atthi' isa Agama vAkya kA rahasya sarala aura subodha bhASA meM abhivyakta kara adhyAtma ke prati rujhAna paidA karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| kRti kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1843 tathA sthAna kelavA hai| 36 gAthAoM meM nibaddha do DhAloM kA saMgraha apane Apa meM vilakSaNa hai aisA pratIta hotA hai| 6. kAlavAdI rI caupAI __ aAcArya bhikSu kA yuga aneka mata-matAntaroM kA yuga thA / unameM kAlavAdI nAmaka eka viziSTa mata thaa| unakI mAnyatA meM samaya (kAla) ko hI sarvAdhika mahattva diyA thaa| isa kRti meM AcArya bhikSu ne kAlavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA kA khaMDana kara vAstavikatA para gaharA prakAza DAlA hai| dArzanika granthoM meM isa kRti kA apanA vaiziSTya hai| isameM kula 6 DhAleM, 36 dohe aura 246 gAthAeM haiM / dArzanika tathyoM ke sAtha-sAtha gUr3ha tAttvika rahasya bhI isa kRti meM udghATita kiye gaye haiN| 7. iMdriyavAdI rI caupAI adhyAtma jagata meM karmavAda kA pramukha sthAna hai| karmavAda ke gaMbhIra adhyayana kA artha hai adhyAtma kI gaharAiyoM meM jAne kA saghana prayatna / jo aisA nahIM karate, ve adhyAtma kA rahasya udghATita nahIM kara pAte / adhyAtma cetanA kA vikAsa karmoM ke kramika vilaya para AdhArita hai|

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122 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna prANI mAtra ke vikAsa krama kA bhI karma eka sazakta mAdhyama hai| AcArya bhikSu ne apanI isa kRti meM karmoM ke kSaya, kSayopazama se hone vAlI upalabdhiyoM kA sUkSmatA se vivecana kiyA hai| isa kRti meM pAMca iMdriyoM ke viSaya kI gambhIra mImAMsA kI hai| indriyoM kI prApti kSayopazama bhAva hai| kSayopazama bhAva aura udaya bhAva donoM kA alaga-alaga kSetra hai| isa tathya ko ujAgara karate hue kahA hai "udene kSaya upazama bhAva doya che, tyAMne eka koI mata jANo re kSaya upazama syuM karma lAge nahIM, ude bhAva syuM karma lAgai ANo re kucha dArzanika indriyoM kI prApti ko karmabandha kA nimitta mAnate the| unakI avadhAraNA meM indriyAM viSaya grahaNa ke sAtha rAga-dveSa ke bhAva taraMgita karatI haiM / isa dRSTi se indriyAM sAvadha haiM "keI indriyAM ne sAvadha kare, te jiNa mAraga rA bhaNajANa" indriya niravadya hai| - isa tathya ko siddha karane ke lie kRti meM aneka sUtroM kI sAkSiyA~ dI gaI haiN| eka-eka vicAraNIya bindu kA mArmika vizleSaNa kiyA hai / isa kRti meM kula 15 DhAleM tathA 92 dohe haiN| gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 6967 hai / isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1846 va 1847 hai| kRti ke adhyayana se yaha anumAnita hotA hai ki isakI racanA viharaNa kAla meM vividha bhaTToM meM huii| 8. parajAyavAdI rI caupAI AcArya bhikSu ke samaya aneka matoM kA bAhulya thaa| paryAyavAdI bhI usa zRMkhalA meM eka thaa| paryAyavAdI mata nAstikavAda ke antargata AtA thaa| unake siddhAMtAnusAra jIva-ajIva kA svatantra astitva nahIM hai| unakI AsthA ko apane zabdoM meM abhivyakti dete hue AcArya bhikSu ne likhA "bApa nahIM jIva beTo nahIM jIva, vale jIva nahIM sagalo parivAra ro jIva janameM nahIM jIva mareM nahIM, piNa jIva nahIM bhogave vikAra ro" paryAyavAdI jIva ke bheda-prabhedoM ko bhI mAnya nahIM karate the| bhAvoM ke zAzvata-azAzvata, paryApta-aparyApta Adi bheda aura bAla, yuvA, praur3ha Adi avasthAeM mAtra kAlpanika haiN| AcArya bhikSu ne AgamoM kI aneka sAkSiyA~ dekara jIva ke astitva kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| bhagavatI sUtra kA prasaMga uddhRta karate hue likhA hai / gautama svAmI ne bhagavAna se cAra prazna kiye-~ (1) kyA jIva Adi ananta rahita hai ? (2) kyA jIva Adi sahita aura anta rahita hai ?

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AcArya bhikSu kI sAhitya sAdhanA 123 (3) kyA jIva Adi rahita aura ananta sahita hai ? (4) kyA jIva Adi aura anta sahita hai ? bhagavAna ne samAdhAna kI bhASA meM kahA"zrI vIra jiNesara kahe suNa goyamA, e cyAru bhAMgA che jIva jyAMrA bheda visatAra kahUM chU jUjUA e saradhyA samakIta nIMva" apekSA bheda se isa vargIkaraNa ko siddha karate hue bhikSu svAmI kahate haiM "e Adi rahita ne anta rahita chai e abhava sidhIyA jIva jAMNa ho Adi nahIM piNa aMta sahita che, te bhava sidhIyA jIva pichANa ho" je karama khapAe ne siddha gIta meM gayA tyAMrI Adi chai piNa nArakI tiryaMca minaSa ne devatA e Adi ne aMta sahita hai / isa prakAra AcArya bhikSu ne aneka saiddhAMtika, Agamika tarka prastuta karate hue paryAyavAdI mata kI vizad samIkSA isa kRti meM kI hai / isa kRti meM tIna DhAle, 15 dohe aura 909 gAthAeM haiM / 9. TIkama DosI kI caupAI TIkama DosI eka dhArmika vyakti the| lekina saiddhAMtika Adi aneka binduoM para ve sandehazIla the / AcArya bhikSu unake eka-eka sandeha kA sUkSmatA se nivAraNa kiyaa| unakI avadhAraNA ko abhivyakti dete hue AcArya bhikSu ne likhA hai "bale sAvadha syUM paNa lAgo saradhe, tiNa sAvadya ne kahe adharma puna ro kartA kahe adharma, te jAbaka bhulo marma" samAdhAna karate hue AcArya bhikSu ne likhA hai "sAvadha jogAM syUM pApa lAgai cha, niravadya jogAM syUM nirjarA hoya ! bale niravadya jogA syUM puna piNa lAgai, zubhajogAM ne saMvara karadyo mata koy|" isa prakAra yaha kRti tAttvika viSayoM kI gaharI carcA prastuta karatI hai / isa kRti meM 5 DhAleM, 28 dohe aura kula 128 gAthAeM haiM / 10. nikSepAM rI caupAI vyAkhyA paddhati kA nAma hai nikSepa / unheM cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| ve haiM-nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva / nikSepa ke viSaya meM vibhinna avadhAraNAeM pracalita thiiN| AcArya bhikSu ne eka-eka nikSepa kA maulika svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue vizad vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai|

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124 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna nAma nikSepa kI avAstavikatA batAte hue AcArya bhikSu likhate "guNa viNa nAma dIyo loka meM, ne pratarava leNo desa nAma dIyoM chai govindarAya, phira-phira carAve parAI gAya bAI ro nAma dIyo chai lAcha, mAMgI na mile kulaDI chAcha" isa prakAra sthApanA nikSepa ke mAdhyama se mUrti pUjA para gaharI mImAMsA prastuta kI hai / dravya nikSepa viSaya-varNana meM apanA vaiziSTya rakhatA hai| anta meM bhAva nikSepa kI vAstavikatA pragaTa kI hai| nikSepoM para sarala, sarasa aura gaMbhIra vivecana kara maulika vicAroM ko AkAra diyA gayA hai| isa kRti meM 6 DhAleM, 30 dohe aura kula 267 gAthAeM haiN| 11. mithyAtvI rI karaNI rI caupAI jaina darzana meM dRSTi kA bahuta bar3A mahatva hai / samyak aura mithyA dRSTi ke do bhaMga haiM / dRSTikoNa kI yathArthatA aura ayathArthatA ke pAribhASita zabda haiM--samyaktva aura mithyAtva / kucha dArzanika samyaktvI ko hI samyaka mAnate haiN| mithyAtvI kI samyak kriyA ko anAdeya mAnate haiN| AcArya bhikSu ne isa avadhAraNA meM eka krAMti ghaTita kii| apane abhimata ko spaSTa karate hue kahA-samyak kriyA cAhe kisI ke dvArA kI gaI ho, vaha AdaraNIya hai, jIvana-vikAsa ke abhimukha hai / anyathA vikAsa krama kA hI avarodha ho jaaegaa| "mithyAtI AchI karaNI kiyAM biNA, kiNa vidha pAmeM samakita sAra / sudha prAkama syUM samakita pAmasI, tiNa meM saMkAma rAkho ligAra // " ___ AcArya bhikSu ne mithyAtvI kI kriyA ko bhagavAna kI mAjJA meM kahA hai| isa tathya kA udghATana kara svAmIjI ne samasta prANI jagat ke lie mokSa kA mArga prazasta kara diyaa| isa kRti meM 4 DhAleM aura 25 dohe haiN| kula gAthAeM 151 hai| racanA kAla 1843 aura 1846 rahA hai, aisA anumAnita hai| 12. ekala kI caupAI ekala se tAtparya hai- akelA ! jaina darzana meM sAdhanA ke aneka prakAra haiM / mukhya rUpa se do mArga haiM-(1) samUha ke sAtha rahakara sAdhanA karanA athavA akele rahakara / akele rahakara sAdhanA ke mArga meM calane vAloM ko ekala vihArI kahA jAtA hai / unameM kucha arhatAoM kA honA apekSita hai| ThANAMga sUtra meM ekala vihArI ke lie ATha arhatAeM pratipAdita kI haiM-saghana AsthAzIla honA, satyavAdI, prajJAvAna, bahuzruta Adi-Adi /

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AcArya bhikSa kI sAhitya sAdhanA 125 kucha sAdhaka apanI nijI durbalatA ke kAraNa sAmUhika cetanA ke sAtha jur3a nahIM pAte / ahaM kI prabalatA se ve ekAkI jIvana svIkAra kara lete haiM / unake bAre meM AcArya bhikSu ne likhA hai "abhimAnI ApaNapo moTo mAnato re, prabala moha mAhe, kArya-akArya sudha sUjhe nahIM re / viveka nikalate eka thAya re // " kuzIla, pArzvastha svachanda aura saMsakta akele rahane vAle zuddha sAdhanA nahIM kara sakate / isa satya ko mArmikatA se prastuti dI hai isa kRti meM / isameM 8 DhAleM aura 36 dohe haiM / kula gAthAeM 226 haiM / 13. jinAgyA rI caupAI----- isa kRti kA pratipAdya hai-vItarAga bhagavAna ke dvArA pratipAdita dharma hI vAstavika dharma hai| vaha phira cAhe kisI nAma se pukArA jaae| karaNIya aura akaraNIya meM jinAjJA kA bar3A mahatva hai| sAdhaka ke lie AjJA sarvoparI hai jo bhI bhagavAna kI AjJA se bAhara dharma kI prarUpaNA karate haiM, unake mana kI tarka pUrNa zailI se tIvra AlocanA kI hai| mizra dharma kA bhI khaMDana kara dharma kA zuddha svarUpa pragaTa kiyA hai, jisakA sundara aura gambhIra vivecana hai / kalpa aura akalpa kI bhI gaharI mImAMsA kI hai| isa kRti meM 5 DhAleM, 34 dohe kula 235 gAthAeM haiN| racanAkAla lagabhaga 1840 se lekara 1856 kA anumAnita hai| 14. potiyA baMdha rI caupAI--- ___ AcAra aura vicAra bheda kA itihAsa bahuta purAnA hai| jitane vicAra utane mata aura jitane mata utane samudAya / apane-apane abhimata ko pratyeka vyakti vistAra denA cAhatA hai| - AcArya bhikSu ke samaya meM jainoM ke aneka sampradAya the| unhIM meM kucha prasiddha kucha aprasiddha the| eka sampradAya potiyAbandha ke nAma se prakhyAta thA / AcArya bhikSu jaba gRhastha meM the, usa samaya unakA pUrA parivAra potiyAbandha sampradAya ke prati AsthAzIla thaa| AcArya bhikSu ne nikaTatA se isa sampradAya kI mAnyatA kA adhyayana kiyaa| isa kRti meM AcArya bhikSu ne potiyAbandha sampradAya ke kucha arthahIna abhiniveSoM para gaharI mImAMsA prastuta kI hai| __ namaskAra mahAmaMtra jaina mAtra kA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa maMtra hai| prastuta sampradAya usakI racanA meM truTi nikAlatA hai| apane abhimata meM ve kahate haiM ----siddhoM se pahale arahantoM ko namaskAra karanA yukti saMgata nahIM hai|

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126 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna isa prakAra aura bhI anya aneka abhinivezoM para gaharA prahAra karate hue AcArya bhikSu ne vAstavika tathya pragaTa kie haiN| isa kRti meM 4 DhAleM 28 dohe aura 167 gAthAeM haiN| potiyAbandha sampradAya meM dIkSita svayaM ko muni mAnate the| unakI avadhAraNA ke anusAra vartamAna yuga meM manayoga sthira nahIM raha sktaa| ataH koI bhI tyAga tIna karaNa, tIna yoga se nahIM ho sktaa| isa dRSTi se ve svayaM ko bhI zrAvaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate the| sAhitya lekhana bhI unakI dRSTi meM pApa kA kArya thaa| isakA kAraNa thA - upakaraNoM kI sImA / kevala caudaha upakaraNa hI sAdhu ke lie kalpanIya mAnate the| adhika upakaraNa rakhanA kalpa se bAhara hai, aisI unakI mAnyatA thii| 15. anukampA kI caupAI adhyAtma ke kSetra meM ahiMsA, dayA aura anukampA kA bahuta bar3A mahatva hai| kintu inakA yathArtha avabodha gaharA adhyayana, cintana aura manana kI apekSA rakhatA hai| AcArya bhikSu ne ina tInoM zabdoM kI gaharI mImAMsA kI hai| unhoMne apanI naisargika pratibhA se aise tathya sujhAe jo prAcIna granthoM meM bhI sulabha nahIM the| ahiMsA ke bAre meM svAmIjI ne kahA jIva jIvai te dayA nahIM, mare to hiMsA mata jANa / mAraNa vAlA nai hisA kahI nahIM mArai te dayA guNakhANa / / jIva kA jInA yA maranA dayA athavA hiMsA nahIM hai| balki mAranA hiMsA hai aura na mAranA dayA hai / anukampA para AcArya bhikSu ne svataMtra grantha kI racanA kii| bhASA zAstrIya dRSTi se dArzanika cintana prastuta kiyA hai| anukampA zabda kI mImAMsA karate hue kahA gayA hai ___ gAya bhaisa Aka thorano e cArUM hI dUdha / tiNa anukampA jANajyo ANI mana meM sUdha // kevala dUdha zabda apanI artha yAtrA meM gAya, bhaiMsa, Aka, thohara Adi sabhI ko samAviSTa kara letA hai, usI prakAra anukampA zabda bhI vyakti ko bhramita kara sakatA hai| isakI sahI pahacAna ke lie anukampA ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-sAvadya aura niravadya / rAga aura dveSa se prerita anukampA sAvadha hai| isalie use dharma nahIM kahA jA sktaa| AcArya bhikSu ne isa viSaya kA gambhIra vivecana kiyA hai| prastuta kRti ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki ahiMsA ke kSetra meM svAmIjI bahuta

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AcArya bhikSu kI sAhitya sAdhanA 127 bar3e vicAraka aura prayoktA the / unake cintana meM aneka bahumUlya sthAI tattva the / 1 yaha kRti 12 DhAloM kA saMgraha hai jisameM 54 dohe haiM / gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 487 hai | prArambhika ATha DhAloM kI racanA kA samvat nahIM miltaa| avazeSa DhAloM ke anta meM nimna jAnakArI milatI hai :-- DhAla 9 10 11 12 samvat 1844 1852 phAlguna sudI 9 ravivAra ASAr3ha badI 11 maMgalavAra 1854 ASAr3ha badI 11 maMgalavAra 1853 kArtika badI 14 guruvAra pura uparyukta racanA - varNana se lagatA hai-- kucha DhAleM mUla kRti ke sAtha bAda meM jur3I haiM / vartamAna meM isa kRti kA sAdhuvAda saTippaNa saMskaraNa svataMtra rUpa meM prakAzita hai / 16. virata - avirata kI caupAI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda jaina dharma do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayAzvetAmbara aura digambara / inameM bhI vibhinna mata apane-apane abhinivezoM ke sAtha bhinna-bhinna paramparA se jur3a gae / zahara bagar3I mAMDhA mAMDhA unhIM meM eka paramparA se sambandhita mata eka hI kriyA meM dharma aura adharma donoM ko svIkAratA thA / prastuta kRti meM isa AdhArahIna mAnyatA kA khaMDana kiyA hai| sAtha hI saiddhAntika pakSa ko samagratA se prastuti dI hai / vrata aura avrata donoM kA apanA svatantra astitva hai / isa pariprekSya meM sAdhu zrAvaka vrata kI apekSA se eka haiM / ise spaSTa karate hue AcArya bhikSu ne kahA : sAdha nai zrAvaka ratanAM rI mAlA eka moTI dUjI nAMnhI re | guNa gUMthyAM cyArUM tIratha rA ivirata raha gaI konI re || ata kI apekSA se zrAvaka sAdhu se bhinna haiM / isa apekSA se zrAvaka kA khAnA pInA avrata meM hai| isa prasaMga ko AcArya bhikSu ne aneka AgamoM kI sAkSiyA~ tathA zAstrIya dRSTAMta dekara spaSTa kiyA hai / dAna ke viSaya meM sAvadya - niravadya kI alaga-alaga vyAkhyA kara bhrAMta dhAraNAoM ko tor3ane kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai / isa prakAra yaha kRti aneka mithyAbhinivezoM ko dUra kara aneka viSayoM meM samyagdRSTi detI hai / gAthAeM

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17 128 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna kula 975 haiN| isa saMgraha kI kucha DhAloM kA racanA sthAna aura kAla kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :DhAla racanA sthAna racanA kAla nAthadvArA 1843 Azvina badI 10 ravivAra nAthadvArA 1843 Azvina badI 8 zukravAra koThArayA 1843 Azvina sudI 14 zanivAra dhenAvAsa 1844 mAgha sudI 6 bRhaspativAra pAlI 1852 zrAvaNa badI 13 maMgalavAra pAlI 1852 Azvina badI 5 zukravAra pAlI 1852 Azvina badI 15 somavAra sojata 1853 zrAvaNa sudI 6 somavAra pAlI 1855 Azvina sudI 1 budhavAra nAthadvArA 1856 pauSa badI 2 zanivAra 19 goguMdA 1857 caitra sudI 14 budhavAra 18. zraddhA kI caupAI AcArya bhikSa kA samaya gahare abhinivezoM kA samaya thaa| eka viSaya para nAnA mAnyatAeM thii| samyaktva aura mithyAtva ko koI nizcita sImA rekhA nahIM thii| jise jaisA avabhASita honA, dharma aura adharma kI sthApanA kara detA / jaise----Agama sUtroM kI rAjasthAnI bhASA meM padyavaddha racanA artha (jise jor3a kahA jAtA thA) citra kA nirmANa aadi-aadi| AcArya bhikSu ne isa viSaya meM aneka zAstrIya ullekha prastuta kie haiN| vAstavika dharAtala para AsthA kA nirmANa karane meM saghanatA se lekhanI calI hai| dharma ke sandarbha meM viparIta avadhAraNAoM kI tIvra mImAMsA kI hai| isa saMgraha meM 31 DhAleM aura 160 dohe haiM / kula gAthAeM 1464 haiN| DhAloM kA nirmANa vibhinna kSetroM meM tathA alaga-alaga samaya meM huA hai| prApta sAmagrI ke anusAra nimnAMkita vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA 18 DhAla 1836 1848 racanA sthAna bagar3I mAdhopura nAthadvArA nAthadvArA IDavA koThArayA 1843 1843 1854 1843 racanAkAla kArtika sudI 15 maMgalavAra Asoja sudI 6 somavAra zrAvaNa badI 15 maMgalavAra Azvina badI 9 zanivAra caitra badI 4 budhavAra kArtika sudI 13 zanivAra

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AcArya bhikSa kI sAhitya sAdhanA 129 12MAMALAMMA gaMgAtura kheravA mr DhAla racanA sthAna racanA kAla siriyArI 1850 ASAr3ha sudI 2 ravivAra gudavaca 1851 vaizAkha sudI 11 budhavAra kheravA 1853 Azvina badI 15 budhavAra mer3atA 1854 vaizAkha badI 15 somavAra pAlI 1855 kelavA 1855 phAlguna badI 1 budhavAra guralA 1858 kArtika badI 5 maMgalavAra pIpAr3A 1833 jyeSTha badI 12 maMgalavAra 1854 vaizAkha badI 10 maMgalavAra siriyArI 1851 kArtika badI 14 budhavAra pura 1857 Azvina badI 9 zukravAra 1857 Azvina badI 13 maMgalavAra 1857 pauSa sudI 8 maMgalavAra pIpAr3A 1857 caitra sudI 13 somavAra 1854 AzvinI sudI 1 bRhaspativAra kherakhA 1854 Azvina sudI 15 bRhaspativAra pUhanA 1857 mAgha badI 2 zanivAra rAvalyAM 1857 caitra sudI 14 ravivAra mevAr3a 1857 Azvina badI 15 bRhashativAra 29 neNavA 1848 mAgha badI 15 somavAra 18. AcAra kI caupAI AcArya bhikSu kI dharmakrAMti kA maulika AdhAra thA-AcArazaithilya / tatkAlIna sAdhuoM kA suvidhAvAdI dRSTikoNa tathA Agama sammata zuddha AcAra ke prati audAsInya dekhakara svAmIjI ne isa kRti kA nirmANa kiyaa| jaba kabhI jahAM jo kucha ghaTita hotA hai ApakI lekhanI use kAgaja para utAra detI, yaha ApakI sAhityika cetanA kI pratIka thii| prastuta kRti meM zuddha sAdhu kI pahacAna ke kucha bindu prastuta kie haiN| sAdhvAcAra aura zrAvakAcAra kI maulikatA janatA ke sAmane prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| __ yaha kRti 32 DhAloM kA saMgraha hai| prApta sAmagrI ke anusAra kucha DhAloM kA racanAkAla aura sthAna nimna prakAra haiDhAla racanA sthAna racanAkAla 9 mer3atA 1833 vaizAkha badI 8 m 27

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130 DhAla 11 12 14 16 17 18 19 20 25 26 27 racanA sthAna rIyAM pIpAr3a 28 29 30 agaMdapura kheravA kheravA terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna racanAkAla 1833 1834 1833 1832 1832 1832 1833 1833 1852 1853 1852 1853 1855 1856 ASAr3ha sudI 3 somavAra ASAr3ha sudI 6 budhavAra vaizAkha sudI 11 ravivAra Asoja sudI 2 maMgalavAra kArtika badI 2 maMgalavAra guMdavaca rIyAM yAM pAlI sojata pAlI sojata pAlI nAthadvArA 20. nihnava se caupAI unhIM ke bhagavAna mahAvIra yuga meM ziSya apane ekAMta Agraha se saMgha viccheda kara lete haiM / kisI eka mAnyatA meM nijI svataMtra mAnyatA prastuta kara apanA alaga saMgaThana banA lete haiM, jinheM nihnava kahA gayA / jaise -- jamAlI goSThAmAhila Adi / vaizAkha sudI 11 somavAra jyeSTha sudI 15 zukravAra ASAr3ha badI 9 ravivAra bhAdrava badI 7 zukravAra Asoja sudI 7 zanivAra Asoja sudI 2 budhavAra Asoja badI 11 maMgalavAra bhAdrava badI 10 budhavAra kArtika sudI 8 maMgalavAra paristhiti vizeSa meM janita avasthA se ve prApta avadhAraNA ko chor3a naI avadhAraNA se jur3a gae - jaise jIva kA antima pradeza hI jIva hai / eka samaya meM do kriyAeM ho sakatI haiM, Adi-Adi / isa kRti meM AcArya bhikSu ne nihnavoM kI mAnyatAoM kI gambhIra AlocanA kI hai / isa saMgraha meM kula 6 DhAleM tathA 28 dohe haiM / gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 172 hai | racanAkAla aura sthAna kA ullekha prApta nahIM hai / 21. vinIta- avinIta kI DhAla AcArya bhikSu eka viziSTa sAdhaka the, lekhaka the aura the manovaijJAnika skaoNlara | prastuta kRti meM avinayI ke caritra kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa prabhAvotpAdaka rUpa meM gumphita hai / sAtha hI avinayI punaH vinaya meM pratiSThita hokara Atmodaya kI ora kisa prakAra prasthAna karatA hai, isakA bhI sundara vivecana hai /

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AcArya bhikSa, kI sAhitya sAdhanA 131 isa kRti meM 2 DhAleM, 2 dohe evaM kula 50 gAthAeM haiM / racanAkAla ke viSaya meM kRti mauna hai| 22. uraNa rI DhAla sambandhoM kI duniyA~ meM vyakti eka dUsare ke prati kRtajJatA se bhara jAtA hai / sAmAnyataH tIna vyaktiyoM se uRNatA prApta karanA bahuta Avazyaka hai / mAtA-pitA, mAlika aura guru, santAna, naukara aura ziSya AdhyAtmika dRSTi se kaise uRNatA prApta kara sakate haiM ? isa viSaya kA racanA meM sundara vivecana hai / eka mArmika dRSTAnta ke dvArA viSaya ko sAmAnya banAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti meM mAtra 1 DhAla, 1 dohA aura 78 gAthAeM haiN| racanAkAla ke sambandha meM yaha racanA bhI mauna hai| 23. mohaNI karmabaMdha kI DhAla prANImAtra ke bhava-bhramaNa kA mukhya kAraNa hai-mohakarma / yahI vaha karma hai jo prANI kI jJAna-darzana kI zakti ko avaruddha kara detA hai| kucha kArya aise haiM jinase manuSya mohakarma kI sudRr3ha zRkhalA se AveSThita ho jAtA hai / isa kRti meM AcArya bhikSu ne mahAmohanIya karmabandha ke saghanatama 30 nimittoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| isa racanA ke gaMbhIra adhyayana-manana se vyakti hiMsA Adi se baca sakatA hai| isa racanA meM 5 dohe aura 50 gAthAeM haiM / racanAkAla samvat 1837 zrAvaNa kRSNA ravivAra tathA sthAna pAdugAMva hai| 24. dasaveM prAchitta rI DhAla bhUla honA vyakti kI naisagika vRtti hai| kintu bhUla kA prAyazcitta jarUrI hai, jisase ArAdhaka pada prApta kiyA jA sake / zAstroM meM dasa prakAra ke prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| prastuta saMgIta meM dasaveM prAyazcitta kI carcA hai / kisa prakAra kI bhUla meM yaha prAyazcitta diyA jAtA hai usakA sundara vivecana hai| isa racanA kA AdhAra sthala hai sthAnAMga sUtra / isameM 2 dohe aura 21 gAthAeM haiM / racanAkAla upalabdha nahIM hai / 25. jiNa lakhaNA cArita Ave na Ave tiNa rI DhAla-- __ zrAmaNya jindagI kA vaha avasara hai jo use maMjila taka pahu~cAne kA gaharA aura sabala AzvAsana hai| AgamoM meM use guNoM kA mahAmAra kahA hai| jaba taka antaHsphuraNA nahIM hotI, Atmika guNa pragaTa nahIM hote / zrAmaNya A nahIM sktaa| zrAmaNya prApti meM kina-kina guNoM kI anivAryatA hai isakA sundara vivecana hai prastuta kRti meN| isa DhAla meM 5 dohe aura 57 gAthAeM haiN|

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna isakI racanA saMvat 1835 mAgha sudI 4 budhavAra ke dina kI gaI, aisA ullekha prApta hai| 26. sUMsa bhaMgAvaNa rA phala rI DhAla __vyakti viveka-jAgaraNa ke bAda akaraNIya ke dvAra banda kara detA hai, antaHpreraNA athavA apriya kI AzaMkA se vaha kaI kAryoM ke lie saMkalpita hotA hai, lekina kabhI-kabhI usake saMkalpa kI gAMTha DhIlI ho jAtI hai / svIkRta saMkalpa ko tor3anA mahAn pApa hai| girate hue vyakti ko punaH kaise saMbhAlA jAe, kaise use usake AdarzoM para sthira kiyA jAe Adi-Adi pahaluoM para gaMbhIratA se vivecana hai prastuta racanA meN| isa DhAla meM 5 dohe aura ! 7 gAthAeM hai / samvat 1854 caitra zuklA 13 budhavAra ke dina pAdu grAma meM isakI racanA kI gii| 27. sAMmadharmI sAMmadrohI kI DhAla isa racanA meM AcArya bhikSu ne do bhinna-bhinna dRSTAntoM ke dvArA zAzvata satya ko anAvRta kiyA hai| eka yogI ke maMtrabala se cUhA billI se siMha banA / siMha banakara vaha yogI ko hI khAne daur3ane lgaa| dUsarI ora eka svAmIbhakta naukara jise rAjA ne ThukarA diyA, lekina vakta par3ane para jaba rAjA vipatti meM thA taba naukara ne pUre sammAna se rAjA kI surakSA kii| ina dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta racanA meM AcArya bhikSu ne vinIta aura avinIta ziSya kI manodazA ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| 28. zIla kI navabAr3a sAdhaka jIvana kI anivAryatA hai brhmcry| usake akhaMDa nirvAha ke lie AgamoM meM kucha saMketa varNita haiM / AcArya bhikSu ne prastuta kRti meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke AdhAra para brahmacArI ke lakSaNa, rahana-sahana, vyavahAra Adi meM varjanAoM kA gaMbhIra vivecana kiyA hai| jinheM rUpaka kI bhASA meM bAr3a kahA gayA hai / jisa prakAra kheta kI surakSA ke lie kAMToM kI bAr3a Avazyaka hai usI prakAra brahmacarya kI akhaMDa ArAdhanA ke lie 9 varjanAoM kI apekSA hai| ___ yaha racanA 11 DhAloM kA saMgraha hai, jisameM 46 dohe aura 167 gAthAeM samvat 1841 phAlguna kRSNA 10 budhavAra ke dina pAdu grAma meM isakI racanA huI, aisA ullekha milatA hai / isa kRti kA saTippaNa hindI anuvAda alaga prakAzita ho cukA hai| 29. samakita rI DhAlAM jaina AgamoM meM mokSa prApti ke AdhArabhUta kAraNoM meM samyaktva kA

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AcArya bhikSa kI sAhitya sAdhanA maulika sthAna hai / samyaktva ke lakSaNa kyA haiM ? samyaktva ratna kA adhikArI kauna hai ? samyaktva kA svarUpa kyA hai ? Adi-Adi viSayoM para gaharI mImAMsA kI gaI hai isa racanA meN| yaha racanA do DhAloM kA saMgraha hai, jisameM kula 2 dohe aura 46 gAthAeM haiN| 30. dAna rI DhAlAM-- AcArya bhikSu ne likhA haidAna zIla tapa bhAvanA, e cyArUM jiNa AgyA hIta / je samadiSTi jinadharma meM, yAMne olakho rUDI rIta / / DhA0 2, do0 1, pR0 470 dAna, zIla Adi bhagavAn dvArA nirdiSTa tattva haiM, lekina pahacAna Avazyaka hai| dAna kA adhikArI kauna hai ? dAna kise, kisa paristhiti meM denA cAhie isakA sundara prastutikaraNa hai prastuta racanA meM / balki dene vAle kI mAnasikatA kA citra bhI bakhUbI se khIMcA gayA hai / detA vahI hai jisameM udAratA hai / sampannatA athavA vipannatA usameM bAdhaka nahIM bntii| jaisA ki likhA hai keI dhanavaMta piNa kRpaNa huveM kei niradhana huveM dAtAra / chate joga milyAM kRpaNa thakI, lAho leNI na AvaM lAra / / DhA. 2, gA. 19, pR. 471 yaha do DhAloM kA saMgraha hai, jisameM 6 dohe aura 90 gAthAeM haiM / saMvat 1842 kArtika mahIne meM siriyArI meM isakI racanA kI gii| 31. vairAga rI DhAlAM bhautika AkarSaNa vikarSaNa ke hetu haiN| vyakti mAsakti ke ghere meM isa prakAra kaida ho jAtA hai ki antima sAMsa taka nikalane kA nAma nahIM letA / anAdikAla se prANI vAsanA kI giraphta meM aMdhA banA rahatA hai| jindagI ke aneka par3AvoM se gujaratA huA jaba bur3hApe kI dahalIja para pAMva rakhatA hai taba usakI dayanIya dazA kA bar3A drAvaka citra AcArya bhikSu ne isa kRti meM khIMcA hai| bur3hApA abhizApa hai isa tathya kA jIvanta pramANa hai yaha kRti / bUr3hA vyakti kisI ko priya nahIM lagatA / jaise likhA hai jaba gamato na lAgai kehane, bale dIDhAI na suhAya punya saMco pUro huvai, hiveM duHkha mAMhe dina jAya / isa prakAra yaha kRti mUr3ha vyaktiyoM kI cetanA ko jhaMkRta karatI hai| gRhasthAvasthA kI viDambanA kA sundara vivecana hai isa racanA meN| yaha kula 4 DhAloM kA saMgraha hai, jisameM 5 dohe aura 105 gAthAeM

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134 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna haiM / saMvat 1834 ASAr3ha kRSNA 11 zanivAra ke dina isakI racanA kI gaI, aisA ullekha milatA hai| 32. juA rI DhAla AgamoM meM sAta vyasanoM kA ullekha milatA hai jo vyakti kI UrjA ko samApta kara.adhogAmitA meM dhakela dete haiM / jumA bhI unhIM kA eka aMga hai, jisameM adhika pAne kI lAlasA vyakti ko samagratA se khAlI kara detI hai| isa racanA meM AcArya bhikSu ne jue ke bhISaNa duSpariNAmoM kI maulikatA se prastuti dI hai| 4 dohe aura 61 gAthAoM kA yaha saMgraha saMvat 1857 zrAvaNa zuklA 5 zanivAra ko racA gyaa| 33. "vinIta-avinIta kI caupAI"-. vinaya kyA ? vinaya kyoM, vinaya kisake prati ? Adi-Adi prazna uttarita hue haiN| prastuta kRti meM maulika dRSTAnta aura manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa kara viSaya ko samagratA se samajhAne kA saphala prayatna kiyA gayA hai / isa kati kA mukhya AdhAra hai 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' 1 Agama ke AdhAra para racita yaha kRti apanA atirikta vaiziSTya rakhatI hai| avinIta kI jIvana carcA kA citra khIMcate hue AcArya bhikSu ne likhA hai "kuhanA kAMnA rI kUtarI, tiNa rejhare kIDA rAdha lohI re sagalai ThAMma saM kADhe huDa-huDa kare, ghara meM AvaNa na de koI re, dhiga-dhiga avinIta aatmaa| dUsarI ora vinIta ke bAre meM likhA hai| "vinIta sUM guru prasanna huvai, to Ape gyAna amUlajI tiNa saM ziva ramaNI vegI vo, rahe zAzvata sukha meM jhUlajI" isa prakAra yaha kRti vinaya ke svarUpa kA mArmika vizleSaNa prastuta karatI hai| isa kRti meM 8 DhAleM, 2 dohe evaM kula 342 gAthAeM haiM / 34. tAttvika DhAlA - prastuta saMgraha meM pAMca DhAleM haiN| sabakA apanA svataMtra viSaya hai| jaise prathama DhAla meM AdinAtha, RSabha, bharata, ariSTanemi Adi viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA varNana hai, jinhoMne zrAmaNya svIkAra kara antima lakSya prApta kiyaa| dUsarI DhAla meM 24 daNDakoM kI apekSA se 23 padaviyoM kA mArmika vizleSaNa hai| tIsarI DhAla meM 'jJAna kriyAbhyAM mokSaH' kA saghana vivecana hai / jJAna aura kriyA kI sahacAritA ko spaSTa abhivyakti dene ke lie aMdhe aura paMgu

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AcArya bhikSa kI sAhitya sAdhanA 135 vyakti kA dRSTAnta ullikhita kiyA hai / arthagAmbhIrya isa DhAla kA vaiziSTya ___caturtha DhAla meM ekendriya jIvoM kI sukhada tathA duHkhada anubhUtiyoM kA vizleSaNa hai| pA~cavI DhAla meM manuSya ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| rupaka kI bhASA meM bodhagamya banAne ke lie moma, lAkha, kASTha aura miTTI ke goloM se use upamita kiyA gayA hai| prastuta racanA meM manuSya kI mAnasikatA kA mArmika citra prastuta hai| isa kRti meM kula 7 dohe aura 124 gAthAeM haiM / racanAkAla tathA sthAna vizeSa kA saMketa upalabdha nahIM hai / 35. avinIta rAsa dharma kA mUla hai vinaya / isa kRti meM avinIta ke svabhAva kA gaharA vizleSaNa hai| mahatvAkAMkSI aura abhinivezoM se ghirA vyakti kisa prakAra apanI sImAeM lAMgha detA hai| isakA sAkSAt digdarzana hai / vinaya aura avinaya ke saMdarbha meM spaSTa tathA krAntikArI vicAra prastuta kRti meM upalabdha isa saMgraha meM 1 dohA aura 443 gAthAeM saMgrahIta hai| padya sAhitya kI gahanatama kRtiyA~ tAttvika aura saiddhAntika viSayoM meM gumphita haiM / uparyukta kRtiyoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya bhikSu kA zAstrIya jJAna gaMbhIra thaa| AgamoM kA talasparzI adhyayana kara kSIra nIra viveka unakI pratibhA kI vilakSaNatA thii| sUkSmatama tattva nirUpaNa meM jisa zailI ko mAdhyama banAyA hai usameM gAmbhIrya ke sAtha-sAtha sahaja buddhigamyatA hai / AcArya bhikSu eka viziSTa manovaijJAnika the / vyakti ke manobhAvoM kA vizleSaNa jisa muktatA evaM paTutA se kiyA hai, mugdha karane vAlA hai| svAmIjI sahaja kavi aura tattvajJAnI the / bahuzruta hone ke sAtha-sAtha prakhara cintaka the| tIvra Alocaka, kaThora samIkSaka, mahAn vicAraka tathA nirbhIka aura spaSTa vaktA the| AcArya bhikSu ke padya sAhitya kA eka khaMDa hai AkhyAnoM aura kathAoM kaa| AgamoM meM varNita AkhyAna saMdarbho ko sahaja-subodha bhASA meM tathA vividha rAga-rAganiyoM meM Abaddha kara sarasa aura manohArI banA diyA hai / AcArya bhikSu ne AkhyAna zRkhalA meM jina-jina nAyakoM kA caritracitraNa kiyA hai unameM adabhUta svAbhAvikatA aura utkRSTatA kA darzana hotA

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136 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna hai| prastuta AkhyAna mAlA meM nimnalikhita kathAnakoM kA prastutikaraNa hai1. gozAlaka rI caupAI 11. thAvaccAputara ro bakhANa 2. ceDAkoNaka rI siMdha 12. draupadI ro bakhANa 3. tAmalI tApasa ro bakhANa 13. tetalI pradhAna ro bakhANa 4. udAI rAjA ro bakhANa 14. jinarikha jinapAla ro bakhANa 5. sakaDAla putra ro bakhANa 15. naMda maNihAra ro bakhANa 6. subAhu kumAra kA bakhANa 16. puMDarIka-kuMDarIka ro bakhANa 7. mRgA lor3hA ro bakhANa 17. sudarzanacarita 8. uMbaradatta ro bakhANa 18. sAsa-bahU ro bakhANa 9. dhanA aNagAra ro bakhANa 19. jambUkumAracarita 10. mallinAtha ro bakhANa 20. bharata carita ___astu AcArya bhikSukRta vyAkhyAna-zRMkhalA atyanta rasaprada aura maulika hai| AkhyAnoM ke mAdhyama se jo aitihAsika, tAttvika, saiddhAMtika, sAmAjika, bhaugolika aura AdhyAtmika dizA-nirdeza haiM vAstavikatA va svAbhAvikatA se jur3akara ve jIvana ke hara mor3a ko ujAgara karane vAle haiM / sthAna-sthAna para svAmIjI kI kAvya-cetanA vividha rasoM meM mukharita huI hai| sAhityika pratibhA kA jvalaMta udAharaNa hai, prastuta grantha / AcArya bhikSu naisargika pratibhA saMpanna sahaja kavi the| unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM jisa sahajatA aura saralatA se viSayavastu kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, hara insAna ke lie sahaja evaM bodhagamya AcArya bhikSu eka kuzala prazAsaka the / unhoMne jisa AcAra-saMhitA kA nirmANa kiyA usameM tanika sI zithilatA bhI unheM sahya nahIM thii| aneka aise prasaMga haiM jahA~ AcArya bhikSu ne sAmAnya galatI para bhI kitanI kaThoratA kii| saMgha meM AcAra zaithilya ko unhoMne kabhI sthAna nahIM diyaa| AcArya bhikSu ke yuga kA prasaMga hai-sAdhvI meNAMjI ne AcAra viSayaka kucha galatiyA~ kI / jyoM hI AcArya bhikSu paristhiti se avagata hue, tatkAla kaThora anuzAsanAtmaka kAryavAI kii| saMgha kI pavitratA akSuNNa rakhane ke lie pratikArAtmaka eka patra preSita kiyaa| patra ke kucha aMza yahA~ prastuta kie jA rahe haiM ___ AryA maiNAMjI, dhannAMjI, phUlAMjI, gumAnAMjI goguMdA mAhe rahe to vaizAkha sudha 15 pacha copar3I roTI nai jAbaka sUkhar3I vaiharaNa rA tyAga cha / mAragiyA rai ATha dina TAla nai navameM dina jANo, eka roTI tathA eka roTI ro bAradAno (sAmagrI) baharaNo piNa idhako na vairaNo / kadA pANI rI bhIr3a paDe to dUje pAMtare jaanno| pANI dhovala lyAvaNo piNa bIjo kAMI na lyaavnno|

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AcArya bhikSa kI sAhitya sAdhanA, 137 Age likhA hai-phUlAMjI ? gumAnAMjI ! ye pAdharA na cAliyA to thAro vasekha phituro ho to dIsai chai / tiNa sUthe dhaNAM sAvadhAna rahI jo / asvastha kI aglAna bhAva se vaiyAvRtya para AcArya bhikSu ne vizeSa bala diyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai, isa saMgha meM dIkSita hone vAlA hara eka sadasya nizcintatA kA anubhava karatA hai / jahA~ kahIM upekSA mahasUsa hotI hai, tatkAla dhyAna diyA jAtA hai / AcArya bhikSu ke zabdoM meM ArajyA mAMdI huvai tiNa ne gocarI uThAvaNI nahIM, mAMdI sU koI kAma karAvaNo nahIM, uNa se piNa kAma sAjI huvai, tyAM kanai kraavnno| AcArya bhikSu ne saMgha ko suvyavasthita banAne ke lie aneka saMvidhAna nirmita kie, jinheM likhita kahakara abhihita kiyA gyaa| sabase pahalA likhita saM. 1832 meM likhA gayA / kula 10 likhita likhe jaise: saM. 1832 meM yuvarAja-pada arapaNa ro likhita saM. 1834 meM sAdhviyAM ro likhita saM. 1841 meM sAdhuvAM rai pArasparika vyavahAra ro likhita saM. 1845 meM sevA vyavasthA ro likhita saM. 1850 meM sAdhuvAM rI marajAdA ro likhita saM. 1852 meM sAdhaviyAM rI marajAdA ro likhita saM. 1859 meM sAmUhika marajAdA ro likhita saM. 1859 meM vigaya Adika rI marajAdA ro dUsaro likhita saM. 1829 meM akherAmajI ro likhita saM. 1833 se AryA phatUjI Adi ro likhita antima do likhita vyaktigata preraNA ke haiM / AcArya bhikSu ne sAdhvI phatUjI Adi sAdhviyoM ko dIkSA dene se pahale kaI hidAyateM dii| kucheka jaise-- ubhI ne kIr3I na sUjhe jada saMlekhaNA maMDaNo / vihAra karaNa rI sagata nahIM, jaba saMlekhaNA mNddnno|| Adi-Adi / astu AcArya bhikSu kA rAjasthAnI sAhitya dArzanika, saiddhAMtika, tAttvika viSayoM kI maulika sAmagrI prastuta karatA hai / AcArya bhikSu kI utkrAMti kA mUla AdhAra thA--bhagavAna mahAvIra kA darzana / tattvoM kA sarala va sUkSma vivecana unakI ananya vizeSatA thI / Agamana samudra meM avagAhana karane kI unakI virala kSamatA thii| unakI dArzanikatA gahare svAdhyAya se pragaTa huI / unhoMne jo kucha kahA bhogA huA satya abhivyakta kiyaa|

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AcArya bhikSu kI kRtiyoM kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana rAjasthAnI kavi AcArya 1 vikrama kI 18 vIM - 19 vIM sadI ke mahAn bhikSu kA jIvana kAla vi0 saM0 1783 se 1860 hai / ve janmajAta kavi the / rItizAstra aura alaMkArazAstra kA vidhivat prazikSaNa prApta kie binA hI kavitva unake antaHkaraNa meM sphurita ho gayA / kAvya ke niyamopaniyamoM ke vijJAtA na hone para bhI chanda yojanA, ukti vaicitya aura alaMkAra vidhAna unakI racanAoM meM bahuta svAbhAvika hai / sarasa aura subodhazailI meM likhI gaI 55 kRtiyA~ unakI vilakSaNa kAvya-pratibhA kI jIvaMta sAkSiyA~ hai / unakI adhikAMza kRtiyA~ padyAtmaka haiM / mevAr3I mizrita mAravAr3I bhASA meM bahatA yaha kAvya - nirjhara zrotAoM ko maMtramugdha kara dene vAlA hai / kahIM-kahIM gujarAtI kI halkI puTa isake mAdhurya meM aura bhI rasa ghola detI hai / rAjasthAnI ke pracalita dohA aura soraThA chanda ke atirikta vibhinna rAga-rAginiyoM kA bharapUra upayoga unhoMne apane kAvya meM kiyA hai / rAsa, caupAI, cor3hAliyA, siMdha Adi sabhI vidhAoM meM unhoMne kAvya likhe haiM / [ sAdhvI nirvANazrI kAvyakAroM ne kAvya-nirmANa ke mukhya tIna hetu batalAye haiM -- pratibhA, nipuNatA aura abhyAsa | AcArya bhikSu kI kRtiyoM meM ye tInoM yatra-tatra dRSTigata hote haiM / tattva, zraddhA, AcAra Adi bIsoM viSayoM ko unhoMne apanI lekhanI kA viSaya banAyA hai / dArzanika viSayoM ke pratipAdana meM unakI pratibhA atulanIya hai / vibhinna darzanoM ko kAvyAtmaka bhASA meM prastuti dekara unhoMne sAhityika kSetra meM eka nayA sthAna banAyA hai / dArzanika viSayoM ke pratipAdana meM unakI pratibhA atulanIya hai / unakI byAhulo, sAsa-bahU ro cor3hAliyo, sAMmadharamI, sAMmadrohI ro DhAla, uraNa rI DhAla jaisI racanAeM unakI laukika vidhAoM kI pAragAmitA kI paricAyaka haiM / kAvya kI AtmA ke sambandha meM AcAryoM ne jahAM rItI ko kAvya kI AtmA kahA hai, vahAM dhvani ko pratiSThita karate haiM / zrI vizvanAtha ke AtmA hai| AcArya bhikSa kI racanAoM meM hameM rIti dhvani aura rasa sabakA ke vibhinna mata / vAmana Anandavardhana isa Asana para abhimatAnusAra rasa kAvya kI *

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AcArya bhikSu kI kRtiyoM kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 139 samAhAra dRSTigata hotA hai / unake eka padya meM vaidarbhI rIti aura virodhAbhAsa dhvani kA kaisA sundara samavanya hai nAma che abalA nAra piNa, sabalI iNa saMsAra / sabalA sura-nara tehane, nibalA kara diyA nAra // ( sudarzanacarita, DhAla 6/12) zAMtarasa kA anirvArapravAha to unakI / rasoM kA prayoga karane meM bhI ve siddhahasta haiM kAraNa chichale zRMgAra rasa kA pratipAdana unheM koTi ke zrRMgAra rasa kA varNana karane meM ve kabhI cUkate nahIM haiM / kSatriya aura cora ke bIca kI saMgharSapUrNa sthiti meM jo zRMgAra rasa unake kAvya meM prasphuTita huA hai, vaha kavi hRdayoM ko chUne vAlA, adbhuta aura kalpanAtIta hai / ve saMvAda zailI meM likhate haiM racanAoM meM hai hI, anyAnya eka pahu~ce hue santa hone ke abhISTa nahIM hai / para ucca cora paryo te dekhane ne khatrI karavA lAgo mAMNa / cora kahe --- garabe kisUM ? mhAre nArI nayaNA rA lAgA bAMNa // (zIla kI navabAr3a, DhAla 5/17) apanI zabda tUlikA se vIbhatsa rasa ko rekhAMkita karate hue ve rAkSasa kI AMkhoM ke sambandha meM kahate haiM bAMkA bhAgA bhAMpaNA dIsatA burA, TIloDI re AkAra pichANa | tI pIlI che biNa rI AMkhiyAM, khIjUra nA phala sama jAMNa // ( mallInAtha rI caupaI, DhAla 9/6) mammaTa ne apane kAvyaprakAza meM doSa rahita aura guNa samanvita racanA ko kAvya kahA hai / AcArya bhikSu kI racanAeM pada doSa, vAkya doSa tathA vAkyArtha doSa se virahita evaM zabdaguNa aura arthaguNa se samanvita haiM / unheM bhASA ke adhinAyaka kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hai / sarvatra bhASA unake bhAvoM kA anusaraNa karatI-sI dRSTigata hotI hai / kathya bhASA meM sIdhe-sIdhe rUpa se A gayA to vaise kaha diyA, anyathA ghumAkara kahane meM bhI unheM koI parezAnI nahIM huI / para apane phakkar3apana ke kAraNa kisI bhI viSaya ko anadekhA nahIM kiyA / saba para saTIka TippaNI kii| vRddhAvasthA ke sandarbha meM kI gaI svabhAvokti kA eka nidarzana hai khATa paDyo khUM khUM kare, huI sUgalI deha / hAla hukama cAle nahIM, parijana phira dIdho cheha // isI prasaMga meM ve Age likhate haiM bUr3ho Digato-Digato cAle, AMkha nAka bhare sira hAle / kaMpaNa vAya jyUM mastaka dhUNe, jaba jAya baiTho ghara khUM / (vairAga rI caupaI, DhAla 2 dUhA 2 tathA DhAla 2/1)

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140 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna kulakSaNA strI kI ceSTAoM ko ve ghumAkara kahate haiM DelI car3hatI Diga-Diga kare, caDha jAya DUMgara asamAna / ghara mAMhe baiThI Dara kare, rAta jAe masANa // dekha bilAi ojake, siMdha ne sanamukha jAya / sAMpa osIse de suve, UMdara sUM bhir3akAya / / --sudarzanacarita, DhAla 6/5,6 anuprAsa kI chaTA bhI unake kAvya meM darzanIya hai khiNa rove khiNa meM haMse, khiNa mukha pAr3e bUMba / khiNa rAce virace khiNe, khiNa dAtA khiNa sUma / / -sudarzanacarita, DhAla 6/8 bhikSu ke upamA alaMkAra ke prayoga bhI bar3e hRdayahArI haiN| pracalita upamAoM ke atirikta saikar3oM svopajJa upamAoM kA prayoga unheM mahAna kavayitA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara detA hai / nArI ke nayanoM ko bANoM se upamita karane vAle saikar3oM kavi haiN| para usake vacana aura aMga ko upamita karane vAle eka mAtra kavi haiM AcArya bhikSu / ve kahate haiM neNa bANa nArI taNA, vacanaja tIkhA sela / aMga tIkho talavAra so, iNa mAryA sakala sakela / / -sudarzanacarita, DhAla 6/14 avinItaputra jaba apane vRddha pitA ke sandarbha meM kahatA hai-'mhAre bAraNe riNAi jyU baiTho" to sAMsArika saMbaMdhoM kI svArthaparatA kI dhuna sAdhAraNa zrotA ko bhI udvelita kara detI hai| avinIta vyakti kI prakRti ko citrita karate huye ve likhate haiM avinIta ne avinIta zrAvaka mile, te pAme ghaNo mana harakha / jyU DAkaNa rAjI huvai car3havAne miliyA jarakha / -vinIta-avinIta rI caupAI, DhAla 5 / 28 prakRti citraNa ko kAvya kA eka Avazyaka pahalU mAnA gayA hai| AcArya bhikSu kI pratibhA isa viSaya meM bejor3a thii| caMpAnagarI ke dhAtrIvAhana rAjA ke udyAna kI suSamA kA varNana karate huye rAnI abhayA kahatI hai--- phUlyo rahe sakhI ! caMpo maravo athAya, ___ phUlyA chai jAI-juhI nai ketakI / phUlyA he sakhI ! pADala phUlar3A tAya, phUlyA che rUMkha dhavalAne setakI / / -sudarzanacarita, DhAla 7/2

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vA AcArya bhikSa kI kRtiyoM kA kAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana 141 isI prasaMga meM AmramaMjarI, koyala kI kUka, cakavA-cakavI ke premAlApa mAdikA citraNa bhI bar3A prabhAvotpAdaka hai / lokoktiyoM evaM kiMvadaMtiyoM ke prayoga se unake kAvya-racanA kA sauSThava aura bhI bar3ha gayA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kucha apracalita lokoktiyAM bApa talAI jANa ne khAve gAra givAra / pUta rA paga jANo peTa maaNhii| apane pUrva kaviyoM kI vANiyoM kA bhI bar3A hubahU prayoga AcArya bhikSu ne apane kAvya meM kiyA hai| kabIra kI vANI-''jo ghara phUMko ApanAcalo hamAre saMga" tathA AcArya bhikSu kI vANI--- "ghara jalAya tIratha je karasI, so sAdhu jAga mAMhe tirasI' meM kitanA adhika sAmya hai / aisA lagatA hai ki AkAzIya rikaoNrDa meM rahI zabda-taraMgoM ko vijJAna kisI zatAbdI meM pakar3a pAegA athavA nahIM, para hamAre santa puruSa aisA karane meM bahuta sakSama AcArya bhikSa ne AgamoM ke vividha kathAnakoM ko jahA~ rAjasthAnI padyoM meM saMguMphita kiyA hai, vahA~ bIca-bIca meM krAMti ke sphuliMga bhI usameM jagamagAte hue dRSTigata hote haiN| vItabhaya nagarI ke rAjA kezI kI niSedhAjJA ke pratipakSa meM kuMbhakAra kA satyAgrahI svara gUMjatA hai hUM iNa sAdha ne jAyagAM rahaNa desU, mhAro kAMI karasI rAjA rUTho / bhAMDA-bAsaNa na sagalA gadher3A pehale chehar3e lesI lUTo / / kadA jIvA mAre to maraNa kabUla che, sAdhu to UtArUM ghara mAhI / __ -udAI ro bakhANa, DhAla 510,11 zakaDAla putra kI patnI agnimitrA apane pati ke dharmArAdhanA se vicalita hone para kartavyabodha ke svaroM meM kahatI hai to the moMne bacAvaNa uThyA iNa belAM / varatAM sAhmo the kyUM nahIM joyo / posA mAMhe mamatA kiNa rI na karaNI / / -----zakaDAlaputara ro bakhANa, DhAla 16 / 4,6 AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne kabIra para TippaNI karate hue kahA thA ki hama unheM samAja sudhAraka ke rUpa meM, sarvadharma samanvayakArI ke rUpa meM, sampradAya ke pratiSThAtA ke rUpa meM hindu-muslima aikya vidhAyaka ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM, kintu unakA vAstavika rUpa bhakta kA hai| anya sabhI rUpoM ko bhakti ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| dvivedIjI kI yaha TippaNI

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142 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna AcArya bhikSu ke vyaktitva aura vaktavya ke viSaya meM bhI pUrI taraha se caritArtha hotI hai | AcArya bhikSu ne jo kucha kiyA aura kahA, vaha mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra vANI ko kendra mAnakara kiyaa| unakI vANI svayaM isa bAta kI svayaMbhU sAkSI hai /

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upadeza ratna kathAkoza : eka vivecana 0 DaoN0 kiraNa nAhaTA terApaMtha ke caturtha AcArya jItamala jI yA jayAcArya rAjasthAnI ke mahAn sAhityakAra ho cuke haiN| ApakI vilakSaNa pratibhA kA paricaya isI bAta se milatA hai ki Apane apane jIvana kAla meM rAjasthAnI bhASA meM lagabhaga sAr3he tIna lAkha pada-pramANa sAhitya kI racanA kI / ApakA yaha vipula sAhitya gadya aura padya donoM rUpoM meM milatA hai| Apa dvArA sRjita, saMkalita evaM anUdita vividha racanAoM meM eka ullekhanIya racanA hai-upadeza ratna kathA koza / jaisA ki isa racanA ke nAma se ho spaSTa hai, isa vizAla kathAkoza meM mUlataH upadeza pradhAna kathAoM kA saMkalana huA hai| yoM kathAoM ke atirikta isameM aneka upadeza evaM nIti paraka padyoM kA saMkalana bhI huA hai / isa prakAra ke ubhaya pakSIya saMkalana koza ke pIche saMkalanakartA kA uddezya spaSTa rahA hai / saMkalana kartA jayAcArya mukhyataH nitya vyAkhyAna dene vAle sAdhusAdhviyoM ke lie sarasa, manoraMjaka evaM upadezaprada sAmagrI kA bahu upayogI koza prastuta karanA cAhate the| upadeza ratna kathA koza meM kula 567 kathAeM saMgrahIta haiN| itanI bar3I saMkhyA meM saMgRhIta ye racanAeM svabhAvataH hI vividha rUpA haiN| kathA, AkhyAyikA dRSTAMta, saMsmaraNa, prahelikA, aitihAsika pravAda, paurANika AkhyAna Adi sabakA samAveza inameM ho gayA hai| yadyapi rAjasthAnI bhASA meM kathAkozoM kI paramparA nahIM rahI hai aura yaha apane DhaMga kA akelA hI kathAkoza hai; kintu jaina sAhitya meM kathA kozoM kI sudRr3ha paramparA rahI hai / vastutaH yaha kathAkoza bhI usI zRMkhalA kI eka kar3I hai / jaina sAhitya meM saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza Adi vividha bhASAoM ke kathAkoza upalabdha haiN| ina kathAkozoM meM jinezvarasUrikRta kathAkoza prakaraNa, rAjazekharasUrikRta prabandhakoza, hariSeNakRta vRhatkoza, nemicandrakRta kathAmaNi koza, tathA devabhadrasUrikRta kathA ratna koza Adi pramukha haiN| jayAcArya ke isa kathAkoza kI aneka vizeSatAeM haiM jina para vyApaka rUpa se aura vividha dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ to saMkSepa meM usakI katipaya pramukha vizeSatAoM ko hI rekhAMkita kiyA jA rahA hai /

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna brahmacarya jaise jainadharma ke upadeza ratna kathAkoza meM mUlataH adhyAtma, dharma aura nIti se sambandhita kathAoM kA saMkalana huA hai / kathAkoza ke vistRta kalevara meM zAyada hI dhArmika aura naitika jIvana kA koI pakSa achUtA rahA ho| isameM eka ora jahA~ ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aparigraha aura mUlabhUta pA~ca mahAvratoM ko ujAgara karane vAle AkhyAna sammilita haiM, vahA~ dUsarI ora saMyama, tyAga, tapa, dayA, zIla, kSamA, sahiSNutA, udAratA, vinaya, vairAgya jaisI sadvRttiyoM ke supariNAma dikhalAne vAle aneka AkhyAna sammilita kiye gaye haiM evaM tIsarI ora lobha, mAyA, mithyAcAra, chala, chadma, krodha, rAga, dveSa, ahaMkAra, mithyAbhimAna, garva, kalaha, kadAcAra, kAmAndhatA, kuzIla, krUratA Adi pravRttiyoM ke aniSTakArI pariNAmoM ko pradarzita karane vAlI aneka kathAeM bhI saMkalita haiN| isake atirikta eka ora guru-niSThA, dharma-niSThA, vrata-niSThA evaM nyAya ke prati vizvAsa jAgRta karane vAlI kahAniyA~ sammilita kI gayI haiM to dUsarI ora vAk saMyama, vAk mAdhurya, nekanIyatI, ImAnadArI Adi sadguNoM ko protsAhita karane vAlI kahAniyA~ bhI sammilita kI gayI haiM / isI prakAra supAtra dAna, rAtribhojana- parihAra jaise viSayoM se sambandhita kahAniyoM ke mAdhyama se jaina saMskAroM ke prati AsthA jagAne kA prayAsa huA hai aura amAnata meM khayAnata na karanA, kisI ke prati kRtaghnatA kA paricaya na denA jaisI naitika mAnyatAoM ko sampuSTa karane vAlI kahAniyoM ke mAdhyama se utthAna kI bhUmikA taiyAra kI gayI hai| yahI nahIM Adarza rAjya vyavasthA meM rAjA aura usake pArSadoM kA janatA ke prati kaisA vyavahAra ho - isa prakAra ke loka hitakArI viSayoM ko bhI achUtA nahIM chor3A gayA / isa viSaya vaividhya ko dekhate hue agara isa kathAkoza ko Adarza mAnava jIvana kA vizvakoza kaha deM to atizayokti na hogI / AdarzoM ke prati lekhaka kI pratibaddhatA isa sImA taka hai ki use dharma ke nAma para calane vAle pAkhaNDa aura vitaNDAvAda para nirmama prahAra karane meM kiMcit bhI saMkoca kA anubhava nahIM huA hai| 144 yahA~ taka upadeza ratnakathA koza ke viSaya - vistAra kI eka jhalaka prastuta kI gayI hai / Age ke vivecana meM usakI pravRttigata vizeSatAoM para thor3A vistAra se vicAra karate haiM / prastuta kathAkoza meM do taraha kI pravRttiyA~ parilakSita hotI haiM - eka jaina kathA - sAhitya kI pravRttiyA~ aura dUsarI sAmAnya bhAratIya kathA - sAhitya kI pravRttiyA~ | jaina kathAoM kI yaha pravRtti rahI hai ki anta meM unake mukhya pAtroM ko prAyaH jaina dharma meM dIkSita hote hue citrita kiyA jAtA hai| gRhastha jIvana

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upadeza ratna kathAkoza : eka vivecana 145 ko tyAga sAdhu jIvana apanAne vAle ye sabhI pAtra satkarma ke prabhAva se 'devaloka' yA 'mokSa' ke adhikArI banate haiN| sAdhu jIvana apanAne ke isa prasaMga meM yaha bAta vizeSa rUpa se dhyAtavya hai ki jaina dharmAvalambI racanAkAroM dvArA sajita sAhitya meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM aura unake prasiddha anuyAyiyoM ko hI jaina bhAgavatI dIkSA lete hue citrita nahIM kiyA gayA hai varan puruSottama rAmAdi avatAroM aura unase sambandhita aneka logoM ko bhI jIvana ke uttarakAla meM dIkSita hote hue citrita kiyA gayA hai| upadeza ratna kathAkoza meM bhI aisI zatAdhika kahAniyA~ haiM, jinake kathAnAyaka bharapUra aizvaryapUrNa jIvana jIkara, jIvana ke uttarArddha meM jaina bhAgavatI dIkSA aMgIkAra kara Atma-kalyANa meM pravRtta hue haiN| jaina kahAniyoM kI eka aura sAmAnya pravRtti zAsana anurAgI aura zAsana-dveSI devatAoM ke mAdhyama se kathAnaka ko gatizIla aura rocaka banAne kI rahI hai / ina kahAniyoM meM jahA~ jaina zAsana anurAgI devatA jaina dharma ke siddhAMtoM para calane vAle sAdhu yA zrAvaka kI sahAyatA karate haiM, vahIM jaina zAsana-dvaSI devatA apanI sahaja IrSyA buddhi se prerita hokara jaina dharma ke anuyAyI evaM anurAgI zrAvakoM evaM sAdhuoM ko nAnA mAnasika kleza dekara unheM svadharma se vicalita karane kI koziza karate haiM, yadyapi aise sAre prasaMgoM meM anta meM ye dvaSI devatA mu~ha kI khAkara lauTate hue citrita kiye gaye haiN| jaina kahAniyoM kI eka aura pravRtti, jo hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karatI hai, vaha hai pUrva bhava-vRttAMta kathana kI pravRtti / aneka kahAniyoM meM aise prasaMga yA sthala Ate haiM jahA~ koI pramukha pAtra apane vartamAna jIvana ke apratyAzita sukha yA duHkha ke hetu ko nahIM jAna pAtA hai / aise kSaNoM meM usake mana meM yA usase sambandhita anya kisI pAtra ke mana meM yaha jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai ki usa pAtra vizeSa ke tAtkAlika sukha yA duHkha kA hetu kyA hai| aura isI samasyA ke samAdhAna hetu kisI kevalajJAnI ko vahA~ upasthita kiyA jAtA hai / taba vaha 'kevalajJAnI' usake pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta sunAkara jijJAsA kA zamana karatA hai| isa prakAra pUrvajanma-vRttAMta kathana ke isa zilpa ke mAdhyama se kathA ko apekSita vistAra hI nahIM diyA jAtA hai, apitu pAThaka ke kutUhala bhAva ko bhI bar3hAyA jAtA hai| katipaya kahAniyoM meM 'kevalI' dvArA pUrva-bhava vRttAnta kathana ke sthAna para svayaM pAtra dvArA 'jAti-smaraNa-jJAna' ke mAdhyama se apane pUrvajanma ke vRttAMta ko jAna lene ke kathA-abhiprAya kA prayoga bhI hotA hai| ukta jaina kathA-pravRttiyoM se itara bhAratIya kathA sAhitya kI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM kA nirvAha bhI ina kahAniyoM meM yatra-tatra dekhane ko milatA hai /

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146 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna isa kathA koza kI adhikAMza kahAniyA~ sukhAnta haiM / ina kahAniyoM meM prAyaH bhalAI kA pariNAma acchA aura burAI kA pariNAma burA citrita huA hai / isakI bahuta sI kahAniyoM meM pazu-pakSI, bhUta-preta, deva- gandharva Adi mAnavatara pAtroM kA samAveza bhI huA hai aura kutUhala tathA rocakatA kI abhivRddhi hetu kaka ghaTanA-prasaMgoM ke mAdhyama se kahAniyoM ko vAMchita jor3a bhI pradAna kiyA gayA hai| isa hetu atimAnavIya evaM alaukika ghaTanAprasaMgoM ke saMyojana kI pravRtti kI bhAMti hI use gatizIlatA pradAna karane ke lie yA use cAmatkArika banAne ke lie kathAnaka - rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / jayAcArya dvArA saMkalita ina kathAoM meM bhI aneka kathAnaka - rU -rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga huA hai / inameM katipaya pramukha sAbhiprAya haiM - niHsaMtAna akAla mRtyu prApta rAjA ke uttarAdhikArI cayana ke lie hAthI dvArA kathAnAyaka ke gale meM mAlA DAlanA yA aise hI anya kisI prayoga dvArA apane rAjA kA cayana karanA | buddhimatI nAyikA dvArA puruSaveza dhAraNa kara pravAsI pati yA pati parivAra ko saMkaTa se mukta karavAnA, puruSa vezadhArI catura evaM sAhasI nAyikA dvArA eka yA ekAdhika striyoM se vivAha kara vipula aizvayaM yA rAjyAdi prAptakara sabhI sapatniyoM ke sAtha apane pati ke pAsa lauTanA, pazu yA pakSI dvArA kisI mAnavopayogI rahasya kA udghATana evaM usakI bhASA se vijJa nAyaka yA nAyikA dvArA usa rahasyapUrNa kathana ke sahayoga se kArya vizeSa meM saphalatA yA vaibhavAdi ko prApta karanA, vyApAra yA dhanopArjana hetu samudra yAtrA kara rahe nAyaka ko dhana yA sundara strI ke lobha meM samudra meM dhakelA jAnA aura usakA daivayoga se sakuzala lauTakara apane dhana yA strI ko punaH prApta karanA tathA usa khalanAyaka ko pratAr3ita yA daNDita karanA / upadeza ratnakathA koza kI ina sAmAnya pravRttiyoM ke vivecana ke sAtha hI usakI una vizeSatAoM kI carcA bhI upayukta hogI jo ise eka viziSTa rUpa pradAna karatI haiN| isameM saMgRhIta adhikAMza kahAniyA~ saMkSipta rUpa meM saMkalita haiM / ina kahAniyoM meM sAmAnyataH vizad varNanoM kA abhAva rahA hai aura prAyaH varNana - nyUnatA ke anupAta meM hI kathA rasa kI nyUnatA bhI rahI hai / isa prakAra saMkSiptatA ina kahAniyoM kA pradhAna guNa rahI hai / saMkSiptatA ke pIche kucha spaSTa kAraNa bhI rahe haiM / prathama to yaha saMkalana mUlataH jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie kiyA gayA thaa| jaina sAdhu pAda - vihArI hote haiM aura unheM bihAra ke samaya apane sAre sAmAna svayaM hI kandhoM para Dhokara le jAne hote haiM, aisI sthiti meM vistRta kalevara vAle grantha bhI unake lie asuvidhA kA kAraNa banate haiM / phalataH jahA~ eka ora unhoMne una granthoM ko sUkSma sulekha kI sahAyatA se yathAsaMbhava kama-se-kama patroM meM saMkalita karane kA prayAsa kiyA haiM, vahIM

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upadeza ratna kathAkoza : eka vivecana 147 bahuta sI sAmagrI ko sUtra rUpa meM yA saMkSipta rUpa meM saMkalita kiyA hai / dvitIya jaina sAdhu cUMki paramparA se hI vyAkhyAna paTu hote haiM, ataH kathAkozakAra kI yaha apekSA bhI ucita hI pratIta hotI hai ki aise vyAkhyAna paTTa sAdhu-sAdhvI prasaMga aura paristhiti ke anurUpa ina kathAoM kA vistAra svataH kara leMge / tutIya jaina sAdhuoM kI apanI maryAdAeM haiM / ve rasa sikta kara dene vAle yA Asakti bar3hAne vAle prasaMgoM kA vistAra se varNana nahIM kara sakate / ataH aisI sthiti meM saMkSiptA evaM sAMketikatA sahaja apekSita ho jAtI hai / upadeza ratna kathAkoza kI dUsarI jo pramukha vizeSatA hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karatI hai vaha hai usameM saMkalita buddhi-kauzala se sambandhita kathAoM kI vipulatA / eka dharma guru dvArA saMkalita kathAkoza meM aisI kathAoM kI pracuratA sahaja rUpa se yaha utsukatA jagAtI hai ki dharma, nIti aura upadeza mUlaka kathAoM ke sAtha-sAtha buddhi-cAturya se sambandhita kathAoM ko bahulatA ke sAtha kyoM saMgrahIta kiyA gayA hai| jaba isa dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to kaI tathya ubharakara sAmane Ate haiN| prathama meM to jaina paramparA meM autpattikI, vainAyikI, karmajA aura pArimANikI ina cAra prakAra kI buddhiyoM kA ullekha huA hai / jaina Agama tathA Agametara sAhitya meM inase sambandhita aneka vyAkhyAna milate haiM / ataH jayAcArya ne bhI yahA~ usI paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / dvitIya jayAcArya svayaM vilakSaNa pratibhA evaM anupama buddhi ke dhanI the / ataH unakA aisI kathAoM kI ora AkRSTa honA sahaja svAbhAvika hai / tIsare saMbhavataH jayAcArya ne yaha bhI mahasUsa kiyA ki vyAkhyAnoM ko rocaka banAne ke lie kevala dharma, upadeza, nIti yA adhyAtma sambandhI kathAoM se hI kAma nahIM calegA, apitu aneka bAra janamAnasa ko prabhAvita karane ke lie inase bhinna, buddhi ko camatkRta kara dene vAle kathAnakoM kA cayana bhI apekSita hai / isI dRSTi se unhoMne jaina kathAoM se bhinna vizuddha lokakathAoM, aitihAsika prasaMgoM evaM loka-jIvana kI preraka ghaTanAoM kA samAveza bhI isa koza meM kiyA hai / upadeza ratna kathAkoza ko par3hate samaya jayAcArya ke asAmpradAyika aura udAra dRSTikoNa se bhI sahaja hI sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / yoM to unakI kathAoM ke mUlasrota jaina sAhitya, jaina itihAsa evaM jaina purANa hI rahe haiM, kintu isake sAtha hI sAtha unhoMne prasaMgAnukUla hindu dharma evaM islAma dharma se sambandhita anukaraNIya evaM Adarza kathAnakoM kA saMkalana bhI isa kathAkoza meM kiyA hai| loka-jIvana evaM itihAsa se bhI unheM jahA~ kahIM bhI preraka evaM upayogI sAmagrI milI haiM usakA bhI upayoga karane meM unheM kiMcit saMkoca kA anubhava nahIM huA hai| unakI isa udAra dRSTi kA paricaya unake kathA

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148 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna saMkalana kI bhAMti unake padya-saMkalana meM bhI milatA hai| prasaMgAnukUla padyoM ke saMkalana meM terApaMthI sAdhuoM se bhinna anya jaina matAvalambI sAdhuoM evaM zrAvakoM kI racanAoM kA saMkalana bhI isa kathAkoza meM usI utsAha evaM tatparatA se kiyA gayA hai| yahI nahIM sUra, tulasI, kabIra, bihArI Adi kaviyoM kI racanAoM ke saMkalana meM bhI unheM kahIM saMkoca kA anubhava nahIM huA hai| isI prakAra saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI aura brajabhASA ke aneka padoM kA saMkalana bhI unakI bahujJAtA, udAratA aura tattva-grAhiNI dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| isa kathAkoza kI eka vizaSatA yaha bhI hai ki kozakAra ne aneka kathAoM ko dRSTAnta rUpa meM prastuta kara anta meM unakI vyAkhyA bhI apane DhaMga se kI hai| ye sArI vyAkhyAeM svabhAvataH upadezaprada rahI haiN| inameM bhI jayAcArya ne sarvAdhika mahatva ziSya kI gurubhakti, AcArya-niSThA evaM usakI anuzAsana-priyatA para diyA hai| aise aneka udAharaNoM meM unhoMne suvinIta evaM avinIta ziSyoM ke guNAvaguNoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| kathAkoza meM aise vyAkhyA paraka udAharaNoM kI bahulatA se do bAteM dhyAna meM AtI haiN| prathama to kozakAra aise udAharaNoM ko bAra-bAra duharAkara apane ziSyoM-praziSyoM ko samarpita vRtti vAlA banAnA cAhate the| dUsarA, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kahIM unake mana meM ziSyoM dvArA nava-pantha pravartana kI cAha bhara se guru-droha yA AcArya-droha kiye jAne kA aMdezA bhI thaa| usI se prerita hokara zAyada avacetana rUpa se hI unhoMne isa eka pakSa para AvazyakatA se adhika bala diyaa| yadyapi pUre upadeza ratna kathAkoza meM aise pacAsoM udAharaNa mila jAyeMge, phira bhI yahA~ udAharaNa rUpa meM eka kA ullekha hI paryApta hogaa| "jyUM motI lAla paMcapadAMrI AsatA rAkhI to sukhI huvo / bhArI sAhibI pAI / tyU dharma rI AcArya rI AsatA rAkhai, pratIta rAkhe, anukUla paNe pravarta, karar3I kAThI sIkha diyAM piNa kalusa bhAva ANe nhiiN| mana, vacana, kAyA karake AcArya nai ArAdhe / jiNa eka AcaraNa ArAdhyA tiNa saraba nai ArAdhyA / " ziSyoM ko udbodhita karane vAlI ina vyAkhyAoM ke atirikta bhI aneka kahAniyoM meM dhArmika evaM naitika jagat se sambandhita vyAkhyAeM kI gayI haiM / aisI vyAkhyAoM meM AcArya kI mahimA evaM dAyitva, sAdhu jIvana kI vizeSatA evaM usameM Ane vAlI kaThinAiyoM, zrAvaka ke AcAra evaM vicAra. sAdhuoM aura AcAryoM ke pArasparika sambandha, zuddha sAdhu aura sAdhutva kI vizeSatA, gaNa bahiSkRta evaM mithyAdRSTi sAdhu ke vyavahAra Adi aneka pakSoM para gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta dhArmika jagat se jur3e vividha viSayoM kI bhA~ti jayAcArya ne

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upadeza ratna kathAkoza : eka vivecana 149 naitika jIvana se jur3e aneka pakSoM kA vizleSaNa bhI ina kahAniyoM meM kiyA hai| aise prasaMgoM meM ahaMkAra ke duSpariNAma, krodha se hone vAle anartha, kSamA se hone vAle lAbha, lobha se hone vAle aniSTa jaise aneka viSayoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isake sAtha hI amAnata meM khayAnata na karanA, jhUThI gavAhI na denA, binA vicAre koI bAta na kahanA, sunI-sunAI bAta para vizvAsa na karanA, apriya saMbhASaNa na karanA jaisI aneka nItiprada evaM hitaprada bAtoM kA khulAsA bhI kiyA gayA hai / aisI kahAniyoM meM kahAnIkAra pahale zikSA rUpa meM aise kathana prastuta karate haiM--- "AcAraja deva upadeza meM dUho kahyojhUThA bolA mAnavI, nahIM jyAM rI pratIta / manuSya jamAro hAra nai narakAM huvai phajIta / / " aura aneka kahAniyoM meM kathA kI samApti para apanI sammati jAhira karate hue pAThaka ko udbodhita kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha--'avicAryo kAma kIdhau, to pachyAtApa pAyo / yUM jAMNa nai avicAryo kAma na karaNo / " aura bhI--'ima sataguru pAsa vinaya karI vidyA bhnnvii| binA vinaya vidyA siddha huvai nhiiN|" aise sabhI udAharaNa aura ye sabhI vyAkhyAeM kathAkozakAra kI mAnyatAoM evaM unakI jIvana dRSTi ko rUpAyita karatI haiN| yoM to kathAkozakAra kA sAmAnya uddezya udbodhana kathAoM kA saMkalana karanA hI rahA hai, kintu ina kathAoM meM Aye prasaMgoM aura varNanoM se jayAcArya yugIna sAmAjika jIvana kI vibhinna sthitiyoM kA jJAna bhI hotA hai / tAtkAlika samAja aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina samAja ke vizvAsoM, mAnyatAoM Adi ko jAnane kI dRSTi se yaha kathAkoza kAphI upayogI pramANita ho sakatA hai| seTha sAhUkAroM, rAjA-mahArAjAoM ke atiritta sAmAnyajana ke jIvana kI vividha jhAMkiyA~ ina kahAniyoM meM dekhane ko milatI haiN| jayAcArya ke isa kathAkoza ko jaina saMskRti kA koza bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina dharma, darzana aura saMskRti ke aneka prasaMgoM kA isameM sahaja hI samAveza ho gayA hai / jaina sAdhuoM aura jaina zrAvakoM ke vividha AcAroM kA varNana bhI ina kathAoM meM huA hai| isameM eka aura sAmAyika, pratikramaNa, pauSadha, kAyotsarga Adi vividha taraha se jainAcAra kA varNana huA hai to dUsarI ora zukladhyAna, kevalajJAna, vaikriyalabdhi, jAti-smaraNa-jJAna Adi viziSTa jaina tattvoM kA ullekha bhI huA hai / jaina dharma ke pariveza meM rahane vAle vyakti ke lie to jahA~ ye sAre prasaMga suparicita haiM vahA~ jainetara pAThakoM ke mana meM ww

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150 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna jaina dharma evaM saMskRti ke prati jijJAsA bhAva ko prabala karate haiN| jaina dharma, darzana aura saMskRti ke vividha upAdAnoM para prakAza DAlane vAlA yaha kathAkoza loka-vyavahAra kI bhI samIcIna vyAkhyA karatA hai / isa kathAkoza se loka-vyavahAra kI aneka hitakArI evaM upayogI bAtoM kI jAnakArI bhI hotI hai| vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM evaM vividha janoM ke sAtha kabakaisA vyavahAra ucita hotA hai, isakA jJAna bhI ina kathAoM se hotA hai / __ aba thor3I sI carcA kathAkoza kI bhASA ke sambandha meM kara lI jaae| jayAcArya cUMki kaI bhASAoM ke jJAtA the / ataH unakI bhASA meM vividhatA ke darzana hote haiN| kahIM saMskRta ke tatsama zabdoM kI chaTA hai to kahIM TheTha dezI zabdoM kA ThATha / rAjasthAnI meM bhI kahIM mAravAr3I kI pradhAnatA hai to kahIM DhUMDhAr3I ke raMga dekhane ko milate haiN| gujarAtI kA prayoga to apekSAkRta bahulatA se huA hai / isake spaSTa kAraNa bhI haiM ! eka to kucha zatAbdiyoM pUrva rAjasthAnI ora gujarAtI bhASA eka hI thIM / ataH inameM paraspara kAphI sAmya hai / dvitIya jaina sAdhuoM ke lie rAjasthAna aura gujarAta samAna rUpa se vicaraNa ke kSetra meM rahe haiN| ataH anya logoM kI apekSA unakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva kucha adhika hI hai / kathAkoza kI ina kahAniyoM meM jahA~ eka ora ahaMkAra, nitya, sUrya, punaH, saMyukta, doSa, dravya, dRSTi, zraddhA, miya, dRSTAnta, yukti jaise aneka tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai, vahIM bakhANa, minakha, AcAraja, tRkhA, kuraNA, mugatI, meha, dhavalo, sAkhyAta Adi aneka tadbhava zabda bhI kAma meM Aye haiM / saMskRta tatsama zabdoM ke zuddha prayogoM ke sAtha hI jayAcArya ne aneka tatsama zabdoM kA rAjasthAnIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai| jina zabdoM ke sahaja-sarala tadbhava rUpa nahIM bane haiM, unheM sAyAsa vikRta karane ke sthAna para unameM kiMcit parivartana kara rAjasthAnI pravRtti ke anurUpa DhAlA hai| yathA--pravarte, prasaMsyA, parUpai, banItAI jaise aneka prayoga dRSTavya haiN| tatsama evaM tadbhava zabdoM kI bhA~ti TheTha rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI ke zabda bhI unakI vizAla zabda-sampadA ke sAkSI haiN| rAr3a, nIvAMNa barANa, rAlayA, UMdarA, byALa , soDiyo, aMvaLo jaise rAjasthAnI ke aneka TheTha zabdoM kA prayoga ina kahAniyoM meM huA hai| rAjasthAnI ke TheTha zabdoM ke sAtha hI gujarAtI ke zabda bhI apanI maujUdagI kA ahasAsa sthAna-sthAna para karavAte haiM / ane, hivaM, pAmaiM , natthI, pote, anerA, Adi aise hI zabda haiM / ina sabase bhinna arabI-phArasI ke aneka zabda bhI ina kahAniyoM meM prayukta hue haiN| vizeSa rUpa se muslima jIvana yA saMskRti se saMbandhita prasaMgoM meM bIbI, bAMdI, khudA, tAhiba, vajIra, arja, gunAha, hukma Adi zabdoM kA prayoga bahulatA se huA hai| __ kayAkoza kI bhASA eka anyadRSTi se bhI ullekhanIya bana par3I hai|

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upadeza ratna kathA koza : eka vivecana 151 isameM aneka aise zabda bhI Aye haiM jo rAjasthAnI ke vartamAna zabdoM ke pUrva rUpoM ko ujAgara karate haiN| ina prayogoM se anAyAsa hI yaha jAnA jA sakatA hai ki vartamAna meM prayukta ina zabdoM kA vikAsa krama kyA rahA hai ? yA unameM kyA vikAra A gayA hai ? kitoyaka (kitoka), rupaiyA (ripiyA) dhavalA (dhoLA), rahivAdyo (raivAdyo) bAhilA (bhAyalA), sAhamI (sAmI) tAhirai (thArai) ehane (innai) amhArai (mhArai) mauna (mannai) jaise zabda atIta se vartamAna kI yAtrA-gAthA svayaM hI kahate haiM / / Alekha kAphI lambA ho rahA hai / ataH kathAkoza kI do eka bAtoM kI carcA kevala saMketa rUpa meM kareMge / jahA~ taka ina kathAoM ke zilpa-vidhAna kA prazna hai vaha vividha rUpA hai| kahIM mUlakathA ke sAtha avAMtara kathAoM ke saMyoga se kathA-kalevara kA vistAra hI nahIM huA hai apitu use bahu AyAmI bhI banA diyA gayA hai, to kahIM-kahIM uddezya para hI dRSTi kendrita kara bAta ko atisaMkSepa meM prastuta kara use laghukathA ke atisannikaTa lAkara khar3A kara diyA gayA hai / kahIM praznottara yA prahelikA zailI kA upayoga kara kathAoM meM camatkRti lAne kA prayAsa huA hai, to kahIM-kahIM ghaTanAoM kA tathyAtmaka byaurA dekara unheM itihAsa kI sImA rekhA meM lA upasthita kiyA hai| kucha kahAniyA~ saMsmaraNoM ke nikaTa pahu~cI huI haiM to kucha eka cuTakale bhara pratIta hotI haiM / ina sabakA kAraNa saMkalita kathAoM ko vizAla saMkhyA meM nihita jaisA ki pahale bhI saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai ki yaha kathAkoza meM sunI-sunAI kathAoM kA saMkalana hai / ataH isameM kathAnakoM kI maulikatA kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| hA~ inakI zailI jayAcArya kI apanI hai / jayAcArya ne sAmAnya rUpa se choTe-choTe sarasa vAkyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / durUha, jaTila evaM lambe vAkyoM kA prayoga bahuta hI kama huA hai| choTechoTe vAkyoM ke mAdhyama se bAta ko sarasa evaM subodha rUpa meM prastuta karane meM jayAcArya siddha hasta rahe haiN| eka udAharaNa lIjie--'venATapura nagara / mUladeva rAjA / devadatta gaNikA / rAja Rddha sukha bhogavai / nagara meM eka maNDUka nAmA cora / dina rA pagAM meM pATA bAMdha rAjamAraga para baiTho tUMNagara ro kAma karai / rAta rA nagara meM khAMta de, dhana le, bAvar3I rai bhaMharA meM jAya, AparI bahina sahita rahai / yUM corI karatAM dhaNokAla vyatIta huo|" isa prakAra choTe aura sugaThita vAkya-vinyAsa se niSpanna yaha sarasatA aura rocakatA bIca-bIca meM prayukta muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM se aura adhika bar3ha jAtI anta meM niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jayAcArya kA 'upadeza

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152 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna ratna kathAkoza' apanI inhIM saba vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa rAjasthAnI kI eka amUlya nidhi hai / dharma, nIti aura adhyAtma kI to yaha triveNI hI hai, loka raMjana ke sAtha-sAtha loka-maMgala kA sundara samanvaya isameM huA hai| jIvana meM uccAdarzoM ko pratiSThita karane kA yaha stusya prayAsa hai / apanI saMpuSTa bhAva bhUmi kI bhA~ti hI apane sAhityika sauSThava ke kAraNa bhI yaha spRhaNIya bana gayA hai / isake sAtha hI isakA bhASAgata vaiziSTya bhI adhyetAoM ke lie eka pramukha AkarSaNa rahegA /

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terApaMthI rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA [] DaoN0 paramezvara solaMkI bAra kosAM bolI palaTe, vanaphala palaTe pAkAM / barasa chattIsA jovana palaTe, lakhaNa na palaTe lAkhAM // kahAvata sAMva sAMcI, piMNa sAhitya kI rUpa-paraMparA bhAsA ra lakhaNa jyUM darzAva deva / vikrama saMvat 1000 sU saIkA 1600 tAMI rA silAlekhAM eka adhyayana mhAMne A bAta samajha par3I / saM0 1015 rI haddAM - devaLa, saM0 1103 ko nohara -lekha ara saM0 1210 ko kher3a-bAlotarA ko vAliga sAsaNa likhyo-paDhIjai ke- "jataMga aSavata makataH pavae"; "amanAtha Adhesa pathara ke caukae: gumaThe caDhaI : "; "kher3i ju rANo hoI su juko vAliguleI kuhADuleI tAki keriya gadaha caDhaI : " - a tIna olyA AjapiMNa kamobesa jyU rItyU bolI jai / kAgaja pai likhiyA granthAM mAMya rAjA bhoja ra sabhAkavi dhanapAla ro 'saccauriya mahAvIra'; jaisalamera bhaNDAra maM miliyo bharatezvara bAhubalI ghora'; 'jinapatisUri badhAvaNo'; vijayasena sUri ko 'AbUrAsa' ana 'reMvatagiri rAsa'; 'zAlibhadra rAsa - rAjatilaka ro ara vijayacaMda sUri ro 'bAraha vrata rAsa piMNa saM0 1338 sU pailIrA likhyA mile jiNa rI bhAsAro rUpa kamobesa eka sarIso lakhAvai / piMNa jikA graMtha rAjA rI AjJA sU likhijyA; jikA silAlekha rAjA raM kahavarNa sUM ukIrijyA uNaro bhAsA rUpa saMskRta rI cAla DhAla ro darzAva devai jIyAM mhai damoha - madhyapradeza maM miliyo eka silAlekha saMpAdana kariyo / terahavIM sadI raM uNalekha rI do eka paMkti iNa mujiba paDhI - "baghaDagarUM jU viTThaNo suhakaraNa varaNaMta"; vaghaDapaTipariThinau khatiu vijayapAlu jeNe kAiu raNi vijiNiu tahasutu bhuvaNapAlu'; "cAisUro subhaTo selakhanakaJa kuzalo guhiloto savvaguNo " - ityAda / Aja rI saMgoSThI ro viSai- 'terApaMtha ro rAjasthAnI nai avadAna' iNa dITha dhuMdhalo-dhuMdhalo darzAva devaM / bhAsA ro rUpa-vikAsa madharo ghaNo hove ara sadiyAM Rs aMtarAla sU' dIkha par3e, jada ke terApaMtha ro Akho sAhitya do sadiyAM mAMya hIja likhyo racyo gayo ha; piMNa mhAMrne Aparo Adeza pAlaNo jarUrI / pherUM lArala aMgrejI mahine rI 23 tArIkhane jada mhe AcAryazrI ne 'tulasI prajJA' ro nUM vo aMka bheMTa karaNe pUgyo to uNa velA kRpA karane Apa mhe ne 'terApaMtha - prabodha' nAma sU chapiyo eka caupanniyo diyo ara pharamAyo

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154 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna ke UMnai mhai olI-olI karanai jarUra pddh'| caupanniye rai Amukha mAMya likhiyoDo hai--'terApaMtha kI saMkSipta jhalaka kAgaja para utara gaI / sahaja sarala rAga, saMskRta pradhAna rAjasthAnI bhASA aura racanAzailI meM pravAha / itihAsa, siddhAnta aura kucha saMsmaraNoM kA sammizraNa'--sacamuca A bAta sahI lAgai / 'terApantha prabodha' rI 57 vI olI kahavai 'are hemar3A ! dIkSA lesI ke, tU mhArai maryA parcha yA jIte jI'-bolyA bhikSu--'kaha dai thArai jisIjacai / ' pherUM 103 vIM olI _ 'janama liyo phAr3I bhUmI para ? zeraguphA meM hI janamaiM' siMhavRtti syU saMyama pAlyo masta rahyA apaNe panameM / ' ara 122 vI olI dekho 'kAmadhenu hai vizva bhAratI, zikSaNa saMsthA varadAI yuga rI mAMga samaNa zreNI hai, A purakhAM rI puNyAI / ' --iNa olyA mAMya sahaja sarala rAga, saMskRta pradhAna rAjasthAnI bhAsA ara racanA zailI meM pravAha-tInoM dIsai / dekha-paDhanai mhAro hAva baDhyo ara thor3o bo'ta terApaMtha ro rAjasthAnI sAhitya piMNa dekhiyo to ghaNakarI bAtAM samajha pdd'ii| kI dinAM pailI mhArA sAthI rahyA ara pachai-rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya mAMya mhArA adhyApaka rahyA Adarajoga jayanArAyaNa AsopA rI saMpAdana kariyor3I pothI--'klacurala herITeja oNpha jayapura' dekhii| uNa mAMya chapiyo. eka lekha meM likhijyo ha kai paTodI ro digambara jaina maMdira ara terApaMthI bar3o maMdira-donyU jayapura zahara rai nirmANa sAthai hIja baNyAM, jiNa mAya uNa velA rai lekhaka bhAI rAyamala rai zabdAM maM-"aura yahAM dasa bAraha lekhaka sadaiva sAsate jinavANI likhate haiM vA sodhate haiM aura eka brAhmaNa mahenadAra cAkara rAkhyo hai so bIsa tIsa lar3ake bAlakana kUnyAya vyAkaraNa, gaNitazAstra par3hAte haiM aura sau pacAsa bhAI va bAyAM carcA vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana karai haiN|' bhAI rAyamala Agai likhai--- 'ara jaina loga samUha vasa hai| darabAra ke mutasadI jainI hai aura sAhUkAra loga sabai jainI hai| jadhapi aura bhI hai para gauNatA rUpa hai mukhyatA naahii| chaha sAta va ATha vA dasa hajAra jainI mahAjanA kA ghara pAidai hai| aisA jainI logoM kA samUha aura nagra viSai nAhI auIi ke deza viSa sarvatra mukhyapaNe zrAvatI loga base hai tAte eha namra va deza bahAte nirmala pavitra hai| tAtai dharmAtmA puruSa basane kA sthAna hai| abAra to e sAkSAt dharmapurI hai|' uTha ro hI, dUjo kavi bakhatarAma saMvat 1818, 1824 ara 1826 rai bIcAla jaina ara zaivAM rai bIca huyai saMgharSa ro vyauro devai---

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terApaMthI rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA 155 saMvat aThAraha se gaye, uparijake aThAraha bhye| taba ika bhayo tivADI syAma, DibhI bhati pAkhaMDa ko dhAma / lakSa adhika dvija saba taivAMri, saira tahI sAhana kI haari| kari prayoga rAjA vasi kiyau, mAdhavesanapa gurupada diyo| galavA bAlAnaMda de Adi, rahe jhAMkate baiThi vAdi / sabako tAhi siromaNi kiyo, phUlivesanU rAjapada diyo| liyo Acamana pAMva pakhAra sauMpyo tAhi rAja saba bhAra / dina kiteka bIte hai jabe, mahAupadrava kInau tabai / hukama bhUpa ko leke vAhi, nisa jinAya devala diya DhAhi ! amala rAja ko jainI jahAM, nAva na le jinamata ko thaaN|' 'koI Adho koI sAro, bacyo jahAM chatrI rAva nAro kAhUM meM siva mUrati ghara dI, jaisI syAma ke gara dii|' -iNa byaurai sU mAlama par3e ke uNa velA jainoM pai musIbata par3I jIko anta paM0 ToDaramala rI zahAdata sU huyo ara syAma tivAr3I nai deza nikAlo miliyo| paM0 jI rI mauta sU piNa jaina bIsa TolA ara terApaMtha meM baMTa gyA / rAva kRpArAma, bAlacaMda, ratanacanda vagairaha pherUM dIvANa baNiyA ara uNAM rI saha sU bAisa TaulA rA jainI lekhaka daulatarAma kAsalIvAla', bakhtarAma zAha, pArzvadAsa, riSabhadAsa, jayacanda chAbar3A vagairaha rAjasthAnI bhAsA nai chor3ha hindI mAMya likhaNo sarU kara dIno jiNasU uThe rAjasthAnI bhAsA terApaMthiyA rI bhAsA bnngii| ___"bhikSu grantha ratnAkara' mAMya muni cauthamala likhai ke "svAmI bhIkhaNajIrI tAttvika kRtiyAM 34 hai jo saMvat 1832 se 1857 ke madhya racI gaI hai|" zrAvakanA bAre vrata ara vinIta avinIta rI caupAI saM0 1832 ma jadaka zradhArI caupaI sa0 1857 ma racIjI piNa 'bhikSu grantha ratnAkara' ma bhAsAro bheda konI karIjyo jIyAM-- saM0 1832 uttarAdhena pehalA adhena sUM avinIta nai olakhAyo re / vale tiNa anusAre niSedhiyoM te toM lele sUtararo nyAroM re // X iNa vidha posAne kIjIye to sIjhasI Atama kaajjii| karma rUkasI ne vale tUTasI ima bhAsIyo zrI jiNarAjajI / / saM0 1857 ivirata olakho utama prAMNI chor3a rAga ne dhokho re / mAnavanoM bhava ahalabhahAro parabhava sAMmo dekho re / /

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156 kade naraka nigoda thInIkaleM tiNAM piNa dukha pAmeM ghaNA te zabda ara kriyApado ro vikAsa terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna pAmeM nara avatArajI / kahitAM nAMve pArajI // svAmI bhIkhaNajI rI kathAnaka sudI racanAvAM 21 haiM / a racanAvAM piMNa 1834 saM0 1850 bIca likhIjI / iNa mAMya - gUMthIyA, pUchiyA, AviyA nIkalyo, santoSa pAMmyo, vandaNA kIdhI, binoMkara bolyoM, barajIyo, olaMbho dIyo, bAlajAla bhasamakarUM, bIMghAyA piNa nahIM kAna, te toneM nahIM jAbaka ThIka, jANoM kUr3Arai, AyAthI donUM I cheM AcchAre, lokAM ne dIghA Daboya, uMdhI saraghA meM nhAkha DaboyAre, karar3o roga upanoM, sagalI AguMca dIghI batAya re, mheM hAthAM kAma kamAbIyA, maraNo kabUla che, mAraNo mAMDayo, kUDa kapaTa bahu kevalyA, aSattha patthiyA, mAMho mAMhI misalata kare, karmanIpaje, ho Ayo, bigaDyo dITho kAma, aMga saM aMga bhIDI liyo, hive kiso karaNo ahameva sukha bhogave nitameva, apatha pathiyo tUM kharo, ara donUM mAMhomAM lar3a mUMI ityAda bhAMtarA kriyApada milai / chadamastha huMtA, lIdho saraNo, ehavI udghoSaNA, anukrameM upajasI, satakArIyo, bhadrIkacheM, pratilAbhIyA, ArAghyo, avataryA, kokATa zabda karatA, ityAdi rai sAthai rove -bhUre, mAMDa kahI jisA pada piMNa milai / zabdAM mAMya haMsa = cAha, haryakSa == siMha, har3ako dhar3ako = kaMpanaprakaMpana, sApAdUtI - idhara udhara kI bAteM velAsara - samaya para, rATAM ghATAM= utAra car3hAva, mehaNo - vyaMga, paraThanA ucita sthAna para visarjana, aMvalIsaMvalI - ulTI sidhI, jhAMjhAbholI - akSama sAdhu vAstai, AmaNa dUmaNoAkula vyAkula, ketha kahAM, ker3a = pIche, kovI - vidvAna, gaDArI gAr3I kA mArga, nAMgalA = pustakoM kA bastA, rANorANa - khacAkhaca, zekhaikAla = cAturmAsa se atirikta, macchagalAgala = nirbala ko satAnA, DhAUMbhAUM - anabhijJa, jAmaNa jAyo - mAM kA sapUta - jIsAM nUMvA nUMvA zabda prayoga dIsa / iNa sUM mAlama par3e ke bhIkhaNa sAMmIrI bhAsA mAMya rAjasthAnI rI boliyAM ro ralyo - milyo rUpa rahayo hoNa sake / uNa mAMya mevAr3I, jaisalamerI, meravAr3I, hAr3otI, bIkAnerI, jayapurI, thalI- zekhATI rI bolyAM rA bola zAmila lAge ara bhASA ghaNI rocaka, sarala ara hRdayagrAhI baNa par3I dIsa, piMNa uNarA mUla grantha dekhyA binA bhAsA ro rUpa vikAsa batAvaNI saMbhava konI | = rAjasthAnI bhASA ro saMkaTa rUpa vikAsa rI dITha sUM eka bAta vizeSa lakhAvai ke vikrama saMvat rI 20vIM sadI mAMya rAjasthAnI bhAsA paM bahota bar3o saMkaTa bhayo / uNa belA rAjasthAna rA ghaNakarA vidvAn rAjasthAnI ne chor3a ke khar3I bolI -

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terApanthI rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA 157 hindI mAMya likhaNo zarU kara dInyo / ajamera rA paM0 candradhara gulerI ara paM0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA, udayapura rA kavirAjA zyAmaladAsa, jodhapura rA munzI devIprasAda ara udayacanda, bharatapura rA paM0 jvAlA sahAya bhara jayapura rA paM0 sadAsukha Ada ne rAjasthAnI rI upekSA kI ora hindI athavA urdU mAya likhaNa zarU kIno / Arya samAja rA saMsthApaka svAmI dayAnaMda ara kAzIjI rA bhAratendu harizcaMdra ara uNarA sAthiyAM sUM loka ghaNA prabhAvita huyA | saMskRta mAMya likhaNiyA piMNa iNa samai dUjI bhAsA rUpa maM rAjasthAnI alaga kara hindI sUM nAto jor3a lInyo / jayapura rA paM0 madhusUdana ojhA rA ziSya motIlAla zarmA iNa velAhIja apaNA guru rI pothyAM ro hindI anuvAda zurU kIno / jiNa sUM hindI rAjasthAna mAMya sabhya bhAsA baNagI ara rAjasthAniyAM sU uNarI mAtRbhAsA dUra hUgI / akelo terApantha --- terApantha rA sAdhu saMta iNa saMkaTa velA mAya mAyar3a bhAsAsUM alagA konI huyA jiNaM rAjasthAnI rI surakSA ara bar3hotarI huyii| khAsakara zrI majjayAcArya saM 1905 saM0 1936 talaka jiko sAhitya raciyo uNamAMya jIvana carita vidhA meM khetasI carita, hemanavaraso, bhikSujasa rasAyaNa, RSi rAyasuyaza, bhIma vilAsa Ada sUM ' svarUpa coDhAliyo' talaka aneka racanAvAM likhIgI / AkhyAna vidhA maM jayajazakaraNa rasAyaNa dIpajaza rasAyaNa, mahipAla carita Adi likhIjI bhara itihAsa, upadeza, stuti, anuvAda, saMsmaraNa Adi anekoM vidhAoM rI racanAvAM huiiN| jor3a, copI, DhAla, huMDI, natthI, thokar3o, dezanA, TIpa, silokA, sikhAvaNa, dhavala, badhAvo, vivAhalo, siMdha, hiyAlI, bola, bakhANa, khyAta, hakIkata, likhata, maryAdA, TaUkA, oloyaNA, bAr3a, hAjarI, dabAveta, rasAkasA, jasAsAsA,- -Ada ghaNakarI nU vI - nUvI vidhAoM ro vikAsa huyo / vyakti vizeSa ra nAma pai bakacUliyo, rohiNiyo, dAmiyo, jhAMjhariyo, kaThihAro, thAvaccA, davadantI, udAIjer3A grantha piNa likhijyA | saba milane bIsavIM sadI vikramI ra pUrvArddha mAMya jada khar3I bolI ro jAdU Akha uttarabhArata meM sira caDhyo bola ho jayAcArya ra netRtva mAMya terApanthI sAdhusaMta rAjasthAnI rI ghaNe kor3acAva sUpaM bar3hotarI karI ara prANapaNa uNarI dekhabhAla kInIM / jayAcArya vAda piNa rAjasthAnI ro terApantha mAMya ghaNo mAna sammAna rahyo / aSTama AcArya kAlUgaNi tAI terApantha ro hara sAdhu-saMta rAjasthAnI mAMya hIja likhato par3hato rahiyo / navama AcArya khuda rAjasthAnI rA moTA sAhityakAra hai piMNa dezakAla nai dekha parakha uNAM hindI, saMskRta, aMgrejI bhAsAvAM na terApantha sAhitya maM praveza karAyo | A

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158 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna ghaNI acchI bAta huI hai| du.kha rI koI bAta hai to A hai ke terApantha rai rAjasthAnI-sAhitya ro ujAsa konI huyo / Aja sUpAMca varSa pailI jada eka terApanthI yuvaka samvat 2030 taka chapiyoDai Adhunika rAjasthAnI-sAhitya ro adhyayana karaNa sArU grantha bhelA karayA to uNanai 149 granthAM mAMya phakata eka grantha miliyo-aNuvrata samiti jayapura sU prakAzita 'jambU svAmI rI lUra / ' terApantha ro rAjasthAnI sAhitya pailIpala kada chapaNo zurU huvo-- kaiNI muzkila hai piMNa mumbaI rI eka pharma- "khetasI jIvarAja" kAnI su rAjabhakta priMTiMga presa, mumbaI meM chapiyoDI eka pothI mhArai dekhaNe maM AI hai jikI uNarI ibArata mujiba saMvat 1941 rI chapI hovaNI cAhajai / uNa pothI ro UparI pAno iNa bhAMta hai ___"zrI bhIkhuje jasAyaNa cAra khaMDa tresaTha DhAlA duhA chapayA chaMda sahita pAnA 136 sudhI sampUrNa / pachI 137 thI TheTha sudhI bhraSTAMta zradhA AcAranI ulaMSanA vagere zrI bhISaNajI svAmI Rta tathA zrI jItamalajI svAmI Rta 306 bolahuMDI vagare zrAvaka sovajI Rta hemarAja nImANI tathA luNA koThArI krata / pothI apUrva gyAna jemA zradhA AcAra carcA prazna uttara zrI jina bhAgnAnI vadhI thase pothI prathama thI sampUrNa vAce jIva sudha zradhApAme ghaNA sulabha budhi thAse madata daI pothI desa paradesa prasiddha huvA thI hamAre samakitI bhAI ne ghaNI badhI thse|" uNa pachai dUnI pothI piMNa zA0 khetasI jIvarAja zuddha karAvI ne muMbaI rai nirNaya sAgara-chApakhAnA mAM chApI prasiddha karI uNa pai saM0 1953 mAhA zuddha 7 ne bhome phebarabArI sane 1897 likhI milai / iNa pothI ronAma--- "terApanthI kRta deva gurU dharma nI ulakhANa naM0 bIjo" hai / iNa mAMya "prastAvanA' likhIjI hai "manuSya janma AryakSetra uttamakula nirogI kAA purI iddhI puro AvaSo sataguru saMjoga sIdhA tanu sAMbhala sAMbhalIne zraddhavo zradhI ne tapajapa bala prAkrama phorvavo atyanta durlabha che te pAmI ne deva guru dharma e traNa ratna amulya che te ulaMkhIne dharma te zrI jinAjJAmA che te niravadya karaNI nI sAdhu zrAvaka ne AjJA Ape paNa sAvadhAnI Ape nahIM ane jiyAM AjJA che tyAM dharma che AjJAnazI tyAM adharma che evaM jANI deva zrI arihaMta vAra guNe karI sahita pAMca mahAvideha kSetra ne viSe virAjamAna cha temane devakarI mAnavA guru pAMca mahAvratanA dhAraka pAMca sumite samitA traNa gupte guptAra tene guru karI mAnavA bharata kSetra ne viSe zrI mANekalAlajI svAmI Ada deine terApanthInA sAdhasAdhavI / dharma kevalI bhagavaMta no prarUpyo ahiMsA mAM dharma che vrata mAM dharma che

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terApaMthI rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA 159 te viSe A copar3I mAM varaNava karayuM che jeUne joie te maMgAbIle jo Agrantha thI zradhA AcAra UlakhANa thaze ne ghaNo jANapaNo thase koI prazna puche te ne uttara deko thse|" prastAvanA mAMya dUjI bAta bhale likhI hai ke iNa pothI nai kyaM chapavAI "koI lakhAvo to ru0 15 mAM paNa lakhAvAe nhiiN| paNa chapANA bota tethI zazatA paDyA ne te Upara mAhArA thI banI tevI mehanata paNa ghaNIkI ne jANyu je ApaNA terApanthI mAM ghaNo prazIddha paNa thAya ghaNA terApanthI zrAvaka ne Upiyoga Ave te mATe zuddha karIne chpaaviiuuN| bIjI araja e che ApaNA terApanthI no grantha kAhADabo hoya to mane samAcAra dIdhA thI tenI zalAthase ne huM dhalI tarapha lAdaNu bIdAsara, sujAnagar3ha, ratanagar3ha, cUrU, saradArasera mAravAr3a, mevAr3a, mAr3avA jepura, harIyANA ka cha kAThIvAMr3a gujarAta, sUrata vagare gaohato tIAnA zeThIA oe zalAdIdhI hamone pakA bharosA hai gaNAmAtavara dIpatA gaNA zrAvako pujajItAM sAdhasAdhavInA darsaNa karavA Ave te ne saMsAra sobhA arthe bhAva bhagatI kareche te seThIAo nA nAma madada devA vAlA mAhe che jANavAsavai olaSyo che / " --iNa prastAvanA sUM sApha-sApha lakhAvai kai saMvat 1941 rI 'zrI bhIkhaje jasa rasAyaNa' hIjapailI chapiyor3I pothI hoNI cAhijai uNapache nAnA dAdAjI muMDa vyApArI, puNe zaka saMvat 1815 vikramI saMvata 1950 mAya 41 chApelA pustakoM nuM sUcIpatra jArI kryo| uNamAMya eka 'bhikhujI sAMbhI mahArAja ko caritra rAsa' nAma sUM zrI bhIkhUjasa rasAyaNa ara alaga-alaga jaina dharma dhyAna pradIpa, kalpasUtra bhAvArtha ratana kavara kI caupaI, muniguNa mAlA jaina lAvaNI ... ityAda granthA rA nAma hai / vikrama saMvat 1983 mAMya osavAla presa, kalakattA rA prakAza nAM maM' "bhikSuyaza rasAyaNa" bhala chapiyo piNa uNarI mAsA bdlgii| saMvat 2000 bAda terApantha dvizatAbdI sU prakAzanAMrI jhar3I lAgagI / terApanthI mahAsabhA, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, jaina vizvabhAratI rI prakAzana sUciyAM maM saiMkar3o pothiyAM likhI chapI milai ara pothiyAM rI saMkhyA dina dUnI rAta cauguNI bar3ha rahI hai| anta mAMya mhai hastalikhita pothiyAM rI bAta karUM to bIkAnerajodhapura rA bhaNDArI meM dasa hajAra sUbattIM rAjasthAnI rA grantha mhArI niz2arA mAMya hai / uNamaM hajAra khaMDa grantha terApanthI sAhitya rA hovaNa sake / aTha jaina vizva bhAratI rA bhaNDArA mAMya ghaNakarA rAjasthAnI grantha hai jiNamaM aprakAzita piMNa zAmala hai uNAnai dekhyA paDhyA binA terApanthI rAjasthAnI sAhitya rI rUpa-paramparA batAvaNI sorI konI / mhai kevala uNarI eka rUpa rekhA ApaNa ww

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna batAvaNarI ceSTA kI hai| Aja rAjasthAnI nAMva sU rAjya rA rahavAsI apaNI apaNI bolI rA himAyatI baNa'ra alagA hovaNa rI bAta karai jada ke terApaMthI rAjasthAnI-sAhitya mAMya iNa bhAsA ro iso rUpa sApha nijara Avai jiko Akhai rAjya rI bhAsA baNI rahI aura bhale vana sake /

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI meM anUdita sAhitya * sAdhvI jinaprabhA bhASA bhAvAbhivyakti kA eka sazakta mAdhyama hai / bhASA kI vaizAkhiyoM para car3hakara hI eka kI anubhUtiyA~ dUsare ko lAbhAnvita karatI haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI anubhUtavANI ke pratinidhi grantha haiM-Agama / AgamoM kI bhASA prAkRta rahI hai / uttarakAla meM una para saMskRta evaM prAkRta meM TIkA, cUNi, bhASya Adi aneka vyAkhyA grantha likhe gae / kAla ke pravAha ke sAtha bhASA kA pravAha bhI avirala bahatA rahatA hai| eka samaya thA jaba saMskRta - prAkRta ko samajhanA himAlaya kI car3hAI kI taraha duradhigamya vana gayA / apekSA huI janabhASA meM use prastuti dene ko / terApantha dharmasaMgha ne isa dizA meM eka mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai / terApantha ke Adya pravartaka AcArya bhikSu ne rAjasthAnI bhASA meM lagabhaga 38 hajAra zloka parimANa sAhitya racakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI ko janabhogya banA diyA / AcArya bhikSu ne yadyapi sAhitya, kalA, chanda, alaMkAra Adi kA vidhivata prazikSaNa nahIM liyA thA, para unakI racanAoM meM hai vedhakatA aura jIvana kA mArmika satya / darzana kI jaTilatAoM ko sahaja bhASA meM prastuti dene kI unameM adbhuta kSamatA thI / unhoMne jahA~ aneka dArzanika graMtha likhe vahA~ jaina AgamoM ke aneka sthaloM kA sundara saTIka anuvAda bhI kiyA hai / caturtha AcArya zrI majjayAcArya ne to mAno sAhitya kI srotasvinI hI bahA dI / rAjasthAnI bhASA ke lekhakoM meM jayAcArya kA sthAna sarvopari hai / sAr3he tIna lAkha zloka parimANa sAhitya likhakara unhoMne na kevala jaina jagat kI sevA kI hai apitu rAjasthAnI bhASA ko apUrva yogadAna diyA hai / kisI eka hI vyakti ne rAjasthAnI bhASA meM itanA likhA ho, dekhane-sunane meM nahIM AyA / jayAcArya ne apanI lekhanI se sAhitya kI aneka vidhAoM ko upakRta kiyA hai / caritralekhana, AkhyAna, itihAsa, saMsmaraNa, darzana, stuti, tAtvika DhAle, nyAya-vyAkaraNa Adi na jAne kitane viSayoM para gadya aura padya donoM vidhAoM meM likhA hai / jayAcArya dvArA likhita lagabhaga 125 racanAeM upalabdha haiM / unakI racanAoM meM eka mahatvapUrNa bhAga hai anUdita sAhitya / jayAcArya jainazAstroM ke pAragAmI vidvAna hone ke sAtha-sAtha mahAna anuvAdaka the / unhoMne 7 jainAgamoM para rAjasthAnI bhASA meM padyabaddha TIkAeM

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162 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna likhIM, jo jor3a ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| unake dvArA racita 7 jor3eM haiM 1. AcArAMga kI jor3a 2. bhagavatI kI jor3a 3. nizItha kI jor3a 4. jJAtA kI jor3a 5. uttarAdhyayana kI jor3a 6. anuyogadvAra kI jor3a 7. pannavaNA kI jodd'| inameM sabase bar3I jor3a hai bhagavatI sUtra kI / bhagavatI sUtra Agama graMthoM meM sabase bar3A mAgama hai / usakA AkAra solaha hajAra zloka parimANa hai| isa para likhI gayI abhayadevasUrikRta saMskRta TIkA 18 hajAra zloka parimANa hai| jayAcArya dvArA anUdita bhagavatI kI jor3a kA zloka parimANa hai 60 hajAra / varNyaviSaya, tattvanirUpaNa Adi kI dRSTi se itanA bar3A grantha sambhavataH rAjasthAnI bhASA kA dUsarA nahIM hai| tattvavidyA kI gahana gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne vAlA yaha graMtha saMgIta ke svaroM meM gumphita hai| isameM dohoM, soraThoM ke chandoM ke atirikta 500 gItikAeM haiM / ve vibhinna lokagItoM aura rAganiyoM meM gAI jAtI haiM / jayAcArya saMgIta priya the isalie unhoMne apanI padya racanAoM meM saMgIta ko prAthamikatA dii| isa alaukika kRti kI racanA kA prArambha vi0 saM0 1919 Asoja kRSNA 9 guruvAra se hotA hai| pA~ca varSoM kI avadhi meM itane bar3e grantha ko raca denA unakI vilakSaNa medhA kA paricAyaka hai| __anuvAda kA artha hotA hai----bhASAMtara athavA eka bhASA ke sAhitya ko dusarI bhASA meM upalabdha karavAnA / anuvAda kI kucha kasauTiyA~ haiM 1. anUdita sAhitya meM mUla lekhaka kI bhAvanA yathAvata rahe / 2. mUla sAhitya ke rasa ko barakarAra rakhA jaae| 3. mUla sAhitya ke kisI aMza yA pariccheda ko chor3A na jaae| 4. bhASA subodha, pravAhapUrNa evaM lAlityapUrNa ho| 5. jisa bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA jAe usa bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra __ ho| 6. jisa bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA jAe usa bhASA-bhASI vyaktiyoM kI _pasanda ko dhyAna meM rakhA jaae| 7. mUla sAhitya ko mukhya aura antaviSaya saba anuvAda meM samAviSTa ho| 8. racanA evaM racanAkAra ke prati anaupacArika samarpaNa bhAva ho Adi Adi /

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI meM anUdita sAhitya ina kasauTiyoM para jaba jayAcArya ke sAhitya ko parakhate haiM to vaha na kevala ina kasauTiyoM para hI kharA utaratA hai balki kaI naI kasauTiyoM ko bhI janma detA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM mUlapATha ko sAmane rakhakara anuvAda ko dekhanA hogaa| AgamakAra ne sUryodaya kA varNana karate hue kahA hai"uTThiyammi sUre, sahassarassimmi diNaya re teyaNA jalate / " avikala rUpa se anuvAda kI bhASA isa prakAra haisahasra kiraNa dinakara iso teja karIne jAna / jAjvalamAna sudIpatoM udaya chaTai asamAna / / jayAcArya ne mUlapATha ke anuvAda ke sAtha-sAtha abhayadevasUrikRta vRtti ke mukhya aMzoM kA bhI anuvAda kiyA hai| TIkA aura vRtti donoM kA saMyukta anuvAda kara jayAcArya ne apane anuvAda meM maNi-kAMcana saMyoga upasthita kara diyA hai| prasaMga hai gautamasvAmI ke vyaktitva citraNa kaa| gautamasvAmI aisI tejolezyA sampantha the jisakA saMkoca yA vistAra kiyA jA sake / mUla pATha hai--saMkkhitta viula teulesse / vattikAra ne isakI TIkA kI hai-saMkSiptA zarIrAMtarlInatvena hrasvatAMgatA vipulA vistIrNA aneka yojana pramANa kSetrAzrita vastu dahana samarthatvAta tejolezyA viziSTa tapojanya labdhi vizeSa prabhavA tejojvAlA yasya sa tthaa| bahuyojana khetara rai mAMhI vastu dahana samartha kahivAI ehavI vipula tejolezyA jvAlA viziSTa tapa kari UpanI vizAlA teja sekSepI tanu antara kInI, A to hrasva paNa kari liinii| mUlapATha praznottara zailI meM hai to jayAcArya ne anuvAda meM bhI usa praznottara zailI ko nahIM chor3A hai-vAyukAya ke sandarbha meM gaNadhara gautama bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna karate haiM evaM mahAvIra usakA uttara dete haiN| AgamavANI hai--- vAuyAe NaM bhaMte vAuyAe ceva ANamaMti pANamaMti ausasaMti nIsasaMti ? haMtA goyamA ! vAuyAeM vAuyAe ceva ANamaMti pANamaMti ausasaMti nIsasaMti / jayAcAryakRta jor3a hai he bhadanta ! je vAyukAe hai vAyukAya nai joyo| ussAsa anai niHsAsa levai chai ? ThaMtA / jinavaca hyoyo|| anuvAda kA artha kevala bhASAMtara yA zabdAMtara hI nahIM, usakA artha hai

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164 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna mUla meM vajita viSaya ko sarasatA aura saralatA ke sAtha prastuti denA / jayAcArya ne usa artha ko sArthakatA pradAna kI hai| vRttikAra ne bhagavatI kI tulanA jayakuJjara se kI hai| anuvAdaka ne TIkA ke usa aMza ko kAvyAtmaka zailI meM prastuti dete hue komalakAnta padAvali kA prayoga kiyA hai jayakuJjara gaNa jima jayavaMto samaya bhagavatI sakha ra sohaMto paMcama aMga bhagavatI pavara, dvitIya nAma Akhyo tasu abaraM sarasa vivAha paNNavinAeM jaya kuJjara gaja jima jayakAre lalita manohara je pada kerI paddhati racanA paMkti suherI paMDita janamana raMjana pyAro prAjJa rijhAvaNa hAra prcaaro|| jayAcArya ne apane anuvAda meM kaI sthAnoM para vRttikAra ke mata kI AlocanA karate hue svatantra TippaNiyAM bhI prastuta kI haiN| aura usakI puSTi meM Agama-pramANoM kI aisI zRMkhalA khar3I kara dI hai mAno sAre Agama unake sAmane rakhe haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM-vRttikAra ne muni meM tIna aprazasta lezyAoM kA niSedha kiyA hai| jayAcArya ne muni meM chaH lezyA svIkArate hue 117 padyoM meM usakI samIkSA hetu aneka pramANa prastuta kie haiM (draSTavya hai bhagavatI jor3a DhAla 51, gAthA 24 se 140) / jayAcArya ne apanI racanAoM meM prAkRta, saMskRta va anya dezI bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA rAjasthAnIkaraNa kara rAjasthAnI bhASA ke vistAra meM bahuta bar3A yogadAna diyA hai / zabdoM ko mRdu banAne kI unameM viziSTa kalA thii| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ardhamAgadhI ke sthAna para adhamAgadhI, najadIka ke sthAna para najIka, buddhimAna ke sthAna para buddhivanta / prastuta racanA padyAtmaka aura tukAMta hai| gItikA kI laya aura tuka kA nirvAha karane ke lie jayAcArya ne zabdoM kI yathocita kAMTa-chAMTa bhI kI hai tathA unakA apabhraMzIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai- 'pulAka niyaThANI sthita / ' jayAcArya kI pratyeka racanA meM vinamratA aura zraddhA jhAMkatI hai| jinavANI para unakA samarpaNa bhagavatI jor3a meM sthAna-sthAna para dekhA jA sakatA hai| ve aneka sthAnoM para kahate mileMge- 'maiMne apanI buddhi se yaha artha kiyA hai ki nizcaya meM jJAnI puruSa jAne"---eka pATha AtA hai.---'vhAekayabalikamme' vattikAra ne balikarma kA artha jina pratimA kiyA hai / jayAcArya ukta artha se sahamata nahIM the| unhoMne usa para eka lambI samIkSA karate hue evaM aneka Agama-pramANoM ko uddhata karate hue usake do artha nizcita kie haiM--yA to vaha sthAna kA vizeSaNa honA cAhie yA bali karma arthAt gRha devatA honA caahie| jina pratimA artha unheM nahIM jNcaa| aneka Agama

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI meM anUdita sAhitya pramANoM ke sAtha isa pada kI samIkSA karate hue ve upasaMhAra meM kahate haiM " snAna vizeSaNa soya vA pUjI gRha devatAM / ubhaya artha avaloya satya sarvajJa vadaiti ko // bhagavatI jor3a kI racanA ke upasaMhAra meM jayAcArya ne prazasti ke dohe likhe haiM, jinameM kiyA gayA Atma nivedana satyazodha kI bhAvanA kA zAzvata pravacana hai| unhoMne apanA anAgrahI dRSTikoNa mukta rUpa se ubhAra kara rakha diyA hai | maiMne bhagavatI sUtra va usakI vRtti ko dekhakara usakI vyAkhyA likhI hai / dUsare AgamoM kA sahArA bhI liyA hai| kucha artha maiMne apanI buddhi se kie haiN| maiMne isa bAta kA sadA dhyAna rakhA hai ki koI bhI artha siddhAMta ke viruddha na ho / maiMne kahIM-kahIM saMkSipta artha kA vistAra kiyA hai aura kahIM para vistRta artha kA saMkSepa kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM vairAgya vRddhi ke lie upadeza kI zailI kA, to kahIM para vyAkhyAna kI rasAtmaka zailI kA prayoga kiyA hai / kahIM para tuka milAne ke lie nae zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai to kahIM anumAna se bhI kAma liyA hai / 165 isa kRti meM maiMne apanI ora se siddhAMta se aviruddha nirUpaNa kiyA hai / phira bhI koI siddhAMta viruddha bAta A gaI ho to jJAnI kA vacana mujhe pramANa hai / koI prabala paNDita ho, use AgamoM ke AdhAra para isa racanA meM koI siddhAMta viruddha lage to vaha use nikAla de / isa sambandha meM vivaraNa milatA hai ki maiM 'mithyA meM duSkRtam' kA prayoga kara apane Apako nirbhAra anubhava karatA hU~ / paThanIya hai kucha dohe jayAcArya kI apanI hI bhASA meM - (2) anya siddhAMta taNA bali, nyAya melyA iNa ThAma / afe keika nija buddhi thakI, artha kahyA abhirAma // (3) artha kiyo phuna zabda noM, te piNa milato jANa / vistAra kahAM, alpa noM kihAM saMkocI vANa // ( 4 ) kihAM vairAgya badhAyavAM, upadezyo adhikAya / kahAMika coja lagAya nai, vyAkhyAnAdi kahAya // ( 4 ) ityAdika iNa jor3a meM, dAkhyo milato jANa / milato ju Ayo huvai, jJAnI va te pramANa |! (9) bali koika paMDita prabala huvai, Agama dekha udAra / je viruddha vacana have sUtra thI, te kAr3he dIjo bAra //

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166 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna (10) viNa upayoge viruddha vacana, je Ayo huvai ajANa / aho trilokInAthajI, vasu mhArai nahI tANa || Akhyo cha~ zuddha jANa / dAkhyA zuddha pichANa // (11) mhaiM to mhArI buddhi thakI, zraddhA nyAya siddhAMta nAM, (12) piNa chadmastha paNA thakI, kahiyai bAraMbAra / prabhu sikAra artha prati, tehija cha~ taMtasAra // (13) aNa milato ju Ayo huvai, mizra Ayo havai koya | saMkA sahita Ayo huvai, to micchAmI dukkaDaM moya // bhagavatI sUtra viSayoM kI dRSTi se mahAsAgara hai| gaNita, vyAkaraNa, nyAya, jyotiSa, bhUgola, khagola koI bhI aisA viSaya nahIM jo bhagavatI sUtra meM na AyA ho / lagatA hai jayAcArya saba viSayoM ke tala taka baiThe hue the / bhagavatI kI jor3a meM mUla ke eka bhI aMza yA vAkya ko chor3anA to dUra balki unhoMne apanI pratibhA evaM buddhi kauzala se use atyadhika spaSTatA pradAna kI hai / bhagavatI kI jor3a ke tIna khaNDa susampAdita hokara prakAzita ho cuke haiM / isa jor3a ke sampAdana meM paramArAdhya AcAryavara, zraddheya yuvAcArya zrI evaM mahAzramaNI sAdhvI pramukhAzrI kanakaprabhAjI ke anathaka - anaginata zrama- sIkaroM kA upayoga huA hai / usI kA pariNAma hai ki jor3a ke 3 khaNDa tIna bahumUlya ratnoM ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane haiM / agale khaMDoM kA krama jArI hai jisa dina yaha pUrA grantha prakAza meM AegA | jaina sAhitya kI to adbhuta sevA hogI hI rAjasthAnI sAhitya samRddhi ke zikhara ko chUne lagegA / bhagavatI sUtra ke atirikta jayAcArya dvArA kie gae anya AgamoM ke anuvAda abhI prakAzita nahIM hue haiM / isalie isa nibandha meM maiMne unakI vistAra se carcA nahIM kI hai / Agama kA eka sUkta hai -- " je egaM jANaI se savvaM jANaI" eka ko jAnane vAlA sabako jAna letA hai / yadi hamane bhagavatI jor3a jaise mahArNava ko tara liyA to choTI moTI nadiyA~ svataH hI tara lI jAtI hai / isa prakAra jayAcArya ko hama mahAna anuvAdaka ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM / unake sAhitya-samudra meM vyakti jyoM-jyoM avagAhana karatA hai naye-naye maNimuktAoM se lAbhAnvita hotA huA atirikta AhlAda kA anubhava karatA hai / dvitIya AcAryazrI bhAramalajI ke zAsanakAla meM eka santa hue haiM muni jivojI / ve bhI eka kuzala anuvAdaka the / unhoMne gyAraha jainAgamoM kA rAjasthAnI bhASA meM anuvAda kara sAhitya ko garimA pradAna kI hai / isake

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI meM anUdita sAhitya 167 atirikta unhoMne jayAcAryakRta zAsana-vilAsa evaM bhikSu-daSTAMta ina donoM granthoM kA rAjasthAnI meM padyAnuvAda kiyA hai| unake dvArA racita sAhitya kA graMthAna lagabhaga 10 hajAra zloka pramANa hai| para aba taka yaha sAhitya bhI aprakAzita hai| hama AzA karate haiM ki vaha bhI prakAzita hokara jaldI janatA ke hAthoM meM phucegaa|

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terApantha ke pramukha rAjasthAnI kavi terApantha dharma saMgha ne adhyAtma kI U~cAIyoM kA to sparza kiyA hI hai| sAtha hI sAhitya-sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI apanI vikAsa yAtrA ko eka gati hai / saMskRta aura hindI bhASA meM pracura sAhitya likhA gayA hai, kintu rAjasthAnI bhASA ko bhI usakA kama avadAna nahIM hai / rAjasthAnI bhASA meM Atma saMgIta kI amara svara lahariyA~ jIvana kI pagaDaMDI para bar3hate pathikoM ke lie amara pAtheya haiM / kAvya-dhArA meM anubhUti ke jisa rasa ko UMDelA hai vaha rasa kitane hI kAla khaMDoM ke bIta jAne para bhI kabhI sUkhegA nahIM / terApantha ko kavitva kA to jaise varadAna hI milA huA hai / Adya pravartaka bhikSu svAmI se lekara Aja taka kitanI hI pratibhAeM isa kSetra kA sparza kara cukI haiM / sabako paricaya kI A~khoM se dekha pAnA eka laghu pustikA taiyAra karanA hai / prastuta nibandha meM kucha pramukha aura viziSTa kaviyoM kA kAvya - paricaya hI abhISTa hai / AcArya bhikSu kavi kisI TakasAla meM nirmita nahIM hote| unakI kAvya-pratibhA sahajAta hotI hai / AcArya bhikSu usake apratima udAharaNa haiM / unhoMne kAvya zAstra kA kahIM vidhivat zikSaNa liyA ho aisA nahIM thA, kiMtu unameM kavitva kI sphuraNA sahaja thii| unakI racanAeM kAvya kI utkRSTatA se saMcAlita haiM / ve eka santa the, lekina sAmAnya nahIM / krAMtadraSTA santa puruSa the / isalie unakI racanAoM meM tatkAlIna pracalita rUr3hiyoM aura sAdhu-samAja kI vikRtiyoM para kasakara prahAra huA hai / isalie kahIM kahIM zabdoM meM tIkhApana avazya A gayA hai, kintu isase unake kAvya kA gaurava kama na hokara gurutA ko hI prApta huA hai| kabIra kA sA phakkar3apana lie hue unakI zabda - saMyojanA vAstava meM unako sacce sAhityakAra kI bhUmikA para lAkara khar3A kara detI hai / unakI zailI vyaMgyAtmaka hai / unake vyaMgya-vANa eka kuzala dhanurdhArI ke vANa kI taraha khAlI nahIM jAte / hiMsA meM dharma mAnane vAloM ko apanA mantavya bar3e hI saTIka zabdoM meM samajhAte haiM sAdhvI pIyUSaprabhA ---- lohI kharaDyo je pItAMbara, lohI sUM kema dhovAyo / tima hiMsA me dharma kihAM thI, jIva ujjvala kima Ayo //

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terApaMtha ke pramukha rAjasthAnI kavi 169 AcArya bhikSu ke kAvya meM tattva nirUpaNa jisa sarasa zailI ke sAtha prastuta huA hai vaha durlabha hai| aneka aise navIna upamAna prayukta kie haiM jo samUce sAhitya meM apanI maulikatA lie hue haiN| udAharaNa ke taura para hama dekha sakate haiM sAMbhara kerA sIMga meM, sIMga sIMga meM sIMga jyaM mizra parUpe tyAMrI bAta meM dhIMga dhIMga meM dhIMga / bAjara kheta bAve jare bUTa baMTa meM bUTa jyUM mizra parUpe tyAMrI bAta meM jhUTha jhUTha meM jhUTha / cora mile ujAr3a meM kare jhapaTa jhapaTa meM jhapaTa jyU mizra parUpe tyAMrI bAta meM kapaTa kapaTa meM kapaTa / arthAt --sAMbhara ke eka sIMga meM se dUsarA usameM se tIsarA isa prakAra eka-eka se aneka sIMga nikale rahate haiN| jo puNya-pApa kI mizra prarUpaNA karate haiM unakI bAta meM eka bhI durAgraha nahIM hotA / uttarottara nikalate aneka durAgraha usake sAtha hote haiN| jaba bAjaro kA kheta boyA jAtA hai taba pratyeka paudhe kI eka zAkhA meM se dUsarI usameM se tIsarI aura isa prakAra aneka zAkhAeM nikalatI jAtI haiM / usI prakAra mizra prarUpaNA vAle ke eka jhUTha meM se dUsarA jhUTha usameM se tIsarA isI taraha aneka jhUTha prastuta hote rahate haiN| ghane jaMgala meM cora mila jAte haiM unakA hara jhapaTTA uttaravartI jhapaTToM se yukta rahatA hai / isI prakAra jo mizra prarUpaNA karate haiM unakI bAta meM mAnoM kapaTa kI eka zRMkhalA sI jur3I rahatI hai| tattva nirUpaNa ke sAtha-sAtha AcArya bhikSu ne aneka AkhyAnoM kI racanA kI hai| unameM varNita caritroM ke mAdhyama se unhoMne kusatI nArI ke lie jahA~ 'strI ana ratha mUla' 'nArI kUTa kapaTa nI kothalI' jaise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai vahAM 'satI solaha guNa kI khAna' aura sItA sadRza batAkara usake prati AdarapUrNa zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| AcArya bhikSu kI lekhanI ne nArI ke caritra ko jisa parAkASThA para pahu~cAyA hai eka kuzala kavi hI usameM samartha ho sakatA hai / bharata nahIM levaNa deve dIkSA brAhmI zIla taNI mAMDI rakSA / rUpa dekhI bharata rai vaMchA AI / / satI bele bele pAraNo kIno eka lUkhA ana pANI meM liino| phUla jyU kAyA par3I kumalAI / / bharata rI viSaya sUM jANI mamatA tiNa sUbrAhmI jhAlI tapasA / sATha hajAra varSa rI giNatI AI /

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170 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna bharata chor3a dInI mana rI mamatA satI ro sarIra dekhI ne AI samatA / pache dIpatI dokSA darAI / tapasyA ke dvArA viSayonmukha puruSa ke hRdaya parivartana kI yaha ghaTanA AcArya bhikSu kI zilpa-saMyojanA kA Azraya pAkara aura adhika nikhara uThI hai / kavi kI bhASA mAravAr3I aura mevAr3I kA mizrita rUpa hai / prAsAda guNa se yukta hai, kintu bhAvoM kI gahanatA se bhI khAlI nahIM hai / uktiyoM ke prayoga kAvya meM rasAtmakatA paidA kara dete haiM Abho phArTa thIgar3I kucha cha~ devaNadhara / jyU guru sahita gaNa bigar3iyAM tyAMrai cahuM disa paDiyA vaghAra // yadi AkAza phaTa jAe to usake kauna paibanda lagA sakatA hai / guru sahita dharma saMgha bigar3a jAe to vahA~ cAroM ora bar3e-bar3e chidra ho jAte haiM / ( vahAM paibanda lagAne kI guMjAyaza nahIM rahatI / ) inakA kula sAhitya 38 hajAra padya pramANa hai, jo rAjasthAnI kAvya sAhitya kI anupama nidhi hai / AcAra-mImAMsA, tattva-mImAMsA, siddhAntamImAMsA, AkhyAna, upadeza - ina viSayoM para lagabhaga unakI 55 racanAeM haiM / jayAcArya AcArya bhikSu ke bAda kAvya- sarjanA ke kSetra meM pUjya jayAcArya kA nAma bar3e Adara ke sAtha smaraNa kara sakate haiM / jinakI prakhara medhA ne AgamoM ko bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha padyoM meM Abaddha kiyA hai / parimANa kI dRSTi se bhagavatI kI jor3a sambhavataH rAjasthAnI bhASA kA sabase vizAlakAya graMtha hai / akelI bhagavatI kI jor3a kA padya parimANa 80 hajAra hai | vyAkaraNa jaise zuSka aura durUha viSaya ko padyabaddha karanA sacamuca unakI sUkSma aura pAradarzI RtaMbharA prajJA ko hI dhvanita karatA hai / jaise--- eka mAtra te hrasva hai, dvimAtra te dIrgha / rekhA trimAtra pluta kahIjie mAtrA kAla saMpekha // unakI padya racanA kI eka vizeSatA thI ki ve padya bolate jAte the aura kucha vyakti binA doharAe likhate jAte the / unakI racanAoM ke par3hane me aisA pratibhASita hotA hai ki ve jJAna ke agAdha sAgara meM gotA lagAne vAle kuzala gotAkhora the / ve jisa kisI viSaya kA sparza karate usakI puSTi

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terApaMtha ke pramukha rAjasthAnI kavi 171 meM itane adhika Agamika pramANa dete ki pAThaka ko lagatA hai mAno usake sAmane Agama hI hai / yathA -- prathama guNasthAnavartI jIvoM kI niravadyakaraNI AjJA meM hai athavA AjJA bAhira ? isa prazna ko Agamika AdhAra para siddha karane ke lie unhoMne eka-do nahIM aThAraha pramANa prastuta kie haiM / jayAcArya eka bhakta kavi the / apane ArAdhya ke prati unakA samarpaNa bhAva jisa bhAva pravaNatA aura bedhakatA ke sAtha prastuti pA sakA hai vaha bhakti - kAlIna kavi sUra, tulasI aura mIrA se kama nahIM hai / eka udAharaNa meM hI hama unakI bhakti kA darzana kara sakate haiM gopyAM rai mana kAnha pativaratA samarai jima piu nai taMbolI rA pAna taNIM para dharUM svAma sau dhyAna // AzA pUraNa Apa taNAM muNa kahyA kaTha laga jAya sAgara jala gAgara kima mAvai, kima AkAza miNAya || ApakI bhASA rAjasthAnI hai / kahIM-kahIM gujarAtI kA bhI mizraNa hai / kavitA prasAda guNa pradhAna hai / Apane hara sthiti kA eka kuzala citrakAra kI bhAMti citraNa kara use sajIvatA pradAna kI hai| cAhe zrRMgAra rasa kA prasaMga ho athavA zAMta rasa kA / saMta lekhanI ne bahuta saMyata DhaMga se biyoginI nAyikA ke citraNa meM zrRMgAra rasa kA prayoga kiyA hai hAra nai kahai Aja bhI maNI dagdhakArI huvai soya / caMdA ne kahai kara cAMdanI rai bAlaNa logyo moya / / rasa kAvya kI AtmA hai to alaMkAra usakA paridhAna / kavi ne apane kAvya meM zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra donoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / unake kAvya 'zAMti vilAsa' meM jisa DhaMga se anuprAsa kA prayoga kiyA hai usakI chaTA darzanIya haiM samatA khamatA damatA jamatA namatA vacana nihAla / tamatA bhramatA vamatA tanamana muni zAMti guNa mAla // kuzala manocikitsaka, anuvAdaka, natahRdaya aura sAdhanArata sAhityakAra ke rUpa meM unakA paricaya de rahe haiM unake dvArA racita sAr3he tIna lAkha padya pramANa Agama bhASya, tattva darzana, AkhyAna, stuti, sAdhanA, nyAya, jIvaniyA~, vyAkaraNa, maryAdA, upadeza - ityAdi vargoM meM vargIkRta unakI racanAeM rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI eka anamola thAtI haiM / itane mahanIya kavi kI racanAoM se rAjasthAnI bhASA ke kavi aura sAhityakAra aparicita rahate haiM to ve kavi ke prati to nyAya nahIM karate haiM kintu usa bhASA ke prati bhI unakA nyAya nahIM hogA /

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172 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna AcArya tulasI AcArya paramparA meM jayAcArya ke bAda maghavAgaNI aura mANakagaNI ne kAvya ke kSetra meM caraNa rakhe, kintu vaha caraNa kevala pUrvAcAryoM ke jIvana prasaMga, lekhana aura kucha DhAloM caupAiyoM taka Akara hI virAma ko prApta ho gyaa| usake anantara usa sAhitya-sAdhanA ko ujjIvita kiyA yuga pradhAna AcArya tulasI ne| Apane rAjasthAnI bhASA meM jisa sahajatA se bhAvoM ko abhivyakti dI hai, ghaTanAoM ko citrita kiyA hai mAnoM atIta svayaM vartamAna banakara pAThaka kI A~khoM ke sAmane utara AtA hai| kevala bhAva prakAzana meM hI kavi siddha hasta nahIM hai balki ucita zabda-vinyAsa ne kAvya ko prANavattA dI hai / Apake pramukha rAjasthAnI kAvya grantha haiM--kAlUyazovilAsa, mANaka mahimA, DAlima carita, magana carita, mA~ vadanA, nandana-nikuMja, somarasa, candana kI cuTakI bhalI, sevA bhAvI ityAdi / ___ kAlUyazovilAsa rAjasthAnI bhASA kA eka advitIya kAvya hai / 25 varSa kI avasthA meM prArambha kI gaI isa kAvya kRti meM pUjya kAlagaNI kI jIvana gAthA kAvya vaiziSTya ke sAtha prastuta huI hai / kAvya nAyaka ke caritrAMkana ke sAtha-sAtha rAjasthAna kI bhISaNa garmI, AtApa lU. mevAr3a-mAravAr3a kI patharIlI, retIlI aura kaMTIlI bhUmi kA citraNa bar3A hI sajIva aura prabhAvI bana par3A hai| zAMta rasa ke sAtha karuNa rasa kA udreka adhyetAoM ke mana aura A~kha donoM ko gIlA kara detA hai| kevala eka udAharaNa hI kavi kI kavitva zakti ko vyakta karane meM samartha hai| jaba mevAr3a ke loga pUjya kAlagaNI se mevAr3a padhArane kI prArthanA karate haiM usa samaya kavi tulasI ne mevAr3a medinI meM virahaNI kA AropaNa kara bhaktoM ko antarvyathA ko jisa mArmikatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai vaha darzanIya hai patita uddhAra padhAyi saMgai sabala hI ThATha / meda pATanI medinI jovai khar3I khar3I bATa / / saghana zilocca nai miSe re, U~cA kari karihAtha / caMcala dala zikharI maSai, de jhAlA jaganAtha // nayaNAM viraha tumhAra Dai, jharai nijharaNAM jAsa / bhramarA-rAva bhramai karI, lahai lAMbA niHzvAsa // kokila kujita byAja thI, tirAja ur3Avai kAga / araghaTa khaTa-khaTa kA kari, dila khaTaka dikhAvai jAga / / maiM abalA acalA rahI, kima pahu~cai mama saMdeza / isa jhara jhara manuM jhUraNAM saMkocyo tanu suvizeSa / /

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terApaMtha ke pramukha rAjasthAnI kavi 173 kavi kalpanA kA kaisA maulika camatkAra hai / AcAryazrI ne kevala jIvana caritroM ko hI apanI lekhanI kA viSaya nahIM banAyA hai apitu aise hajAroM svatantra gItoM kI racanA bhI kI hai aura aitihAsika AkhyAnoM ko rAga-rAganiyoM meM bA~dhA hai jo aMdhiyAre galiyAre meM bhaTakate mAnava ke lie prakAza dIpa hai / aitihAsika AkhyAnoM meM zAzvata satyoM ko jisa kuzalatA se pratibimbita kiyA hai usase lekhanI svayaM dhanya ho uThI hai mAnava tU hai rAhI, saritA ro salila pravAhI | paNa sukha duHkha ro tU karttA apaNa Apa gavAhI // AcArya mammaTa ke zabdoM meM- kavi kI dRSTi ananya paratantrA hotI hai | AcArya bhikSa, jayAcArya aura AcArya tulasI tInoM hI mahAn kavi isa dRSTi sampanna haiM / terApantha dharma saMgha ke AcArya hI nahIM munijana bhI kAvya nirmANa ke maidAna meM utare haiM / isa zrRMkhalA kA pahalA nAma hai munizrI beNIrAmajI, jinhoMne bhikSu, jIvana carita likhA hai jo apanI sajIva varNana zailI ke kAraNa mUlyavAn kRti bana par3I hai| munizrI hemarAjajI ne bhI bhikkhu carita likhA hai / muni jIvojI, jo dvitIya AcArya bhAramalajI ke zAsana kAla meM hue, unhoMne 10 hajAra padya pramANa sAhitya kI sarjanA kara rAjasthAnI bhASA ke bhaMDAra ko samRddha banAyA hai| unhoMne sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke guNotkIrtana sambandhI gItikAoM kI racanA to kI hI hai sAtha hI zAsanavilAsa, bhikkhu dRSTAMta ko jor3a aura gyAraha AgamoM para jor3eM kI 1 munizrI kAlUjI ( ArAya ) yadyapi eka kathAkAra saMta the, kintu 'tejasAra kA vyAkhyAna, pakhavAr3A, vimala- viveka Adi racanAoM ke dvArA kAvya sAhitya ko bhI vRddhiMgata kiyA hai / kAlagaNI ke yuga meM dIkSita munizrI cAMdamalajI ke DiMgala - piMgala tathA citrabaddha chaMda pAThaka ke hRdaya ko AkRSTa kie binA nahIM rahate / muni zrI nathamalajI ne stutiyoM aura vyAkhyAnoM ke mAdhyama se rAjasthAnI bhASA kI sevA kI hai / munizrI sohanalAlajI ne prabhUta kAvya sAhitya racA hai / kavitta, savaiyA, ghanAkSarI Adi ke prayoga meM ye vizeSa dakSa the / inake kAvyoM meM zraddhA aura samarpaNa kI parAkASThA kA to nidarzana milatA hI hai sAtha hI yugIna viSamatAoM kA bhI mArmika varNana kiyA hai / 1 jana jIvana meM vyApta tanAva ke bAre meM kavi hRdaya kaha uThatA hai

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174 terApatha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna taraNATa uThe suna baina kaTu ___ garaNATa caDhe sira kI naliyAM saraNATa bahai rasa rosa lai varaNATa phirai galiyAM gliyaaN| abhimAna bhramAna kamAna bar3hA chalabAna car3hA hasanA raliyAM sata sIla dayA druma bIMdha lie murajhI tapa saMyama kI kaliyAM / AcAryazrI ke yuga meM aneka saMtoM aura sAdhviyoM ne racanAdharmitA ke kSetra meM apanI pratibhA kA upayoga kiyA hai aura kara rahe haiN| unake nAmoM kI eka lambI sUcI hai, lekina maiM yahA~ para kevala kucha hI kaviyoM kA paricaya prastuta kara rahI huuN| ___ yuvAcArya mahAprajJajI ne rAjasthAnI meM yadyapi kama likhA hai kintu jo likhA hai vaha unake svatantra dimAga se upajA hai / dekhie eka namUnA dila to hai paNa darda konI darda konI jada hI dila hai nahIM to Aja tAI rahato hI konI kadaiI TUTa jyaato| munizrI gaNezamalajI, jaMvarImalajI, munizrI dulIcandajI, munizrI chatramalajI ne rAjasthAnI bhASA meM kAphI racanAeM likhI haiM / munizrI buddhamalajI rAjasthAnI bhASA ke eka samartha kavi haiN| unakI 'uNiyAro' pustaka meM saMgRhIta kavitAoM kI samIkSA meM DA0 mUlacaMdajI seThiyA ke zabda kavi ke bAre meM paryApta paricaya de rahe haiM-- rai mAMya eka maMjer3I kalama ro kamAla hai, cintana rI gairAI hai ara bhAvA ro isyo kasAva hai jiraso vAM giNyAM cuNyAM kAvyAM meM hI milai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meMbAre haMsaNo bhItara roNI a donU cAla jhUTha aNUtA ghocA nitarA sAcai ghara thAla bArai syU sAco bhItara meM jhUTho vaNa jyAvai kI ne mAnAM kI nai chor3A ? o saMso Avai / / kavi kI dAdha vidhA meM likhita miNakalA aura pagathiyA racanAeM anubhUti kI pravaNatA lie hue haiN| dekhie kAMTA ne mata kosa tU

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terApaMtha ke pramukha rAjasthAnI kavi sAdha AparA pAMva kadai na lage sajaga raM jaga rA ghAlyA ghAva || 1 munizrI sAgaramalajI ke bhakti gItoM meM kAvya tattva bakhUbI ke sAtha ubharA hai| mohanalAlajI 'AmeTa', muni vatsarAjajI muni sukhalAla Adi aneka saMtoM ne rAjasthAnI meM sauSThava pUrNa racanAeM kI haiM / madhura gAyaka muni madhukara jI bhI isa kSa etra meM yogabhUta bane haiM / unake gItoM kI zabda - saMyojanA aura bhAvoM kA painApana donoM hI darzanIya haiN| unake pracalita gIta ke bola ye haiM - 175 'kuNa U~co kuNa nIco ?' minakha - minakha meM bheda-bhAva rI bhIMta are mata khIMco / dayA dikhAvai pazuvAM para minakhAM ne hINA mAna dharama nAma para baNyA bAvalA kuNa samajhAvai AM kAlI karatUtAM syU AgI meM aba ghI mata sIMco / ' sAdhvI samAja ne bhI kAvya-racanA ke kSetra meM apanI lekhanI kA upayoga kiyA hai / sAdhvI jayazrIjI, kanakazrIjI, kamalazrIjI Adi aneka sAdhviyA~ isa stambha meM gatimAna haiM / maiMne to namUnA mAtra peza kiyA hai / aura bhI aneka kavi-pratibhAeM isa kSa etra meM ubhara rahI haiM / AcAryapravara kI preraNA se terApantha sAhitya ke kSetra meM jo dhArA pravAhita huI vaha nirantara gatizIla rahe aura vidvatjana una racayitAoM kI racanAdharmitA para gaharA anusaMdhAna kareM, yahI apekSA hai /

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI kAvyoM meM cAritrika saMyojana 1 DaoN0 lakSmIkAnta vyAsa ananta kAvya brahmAMDa kA kavi hI sarjaka hai aura yaha sarjanA kavi kI bhAvanAoM ke anurUpa hI hotI hai| kavi kI vANI kA saMsAra niyati ke niyama se mukta aura pUrNarUpeNa svatantra hai / kavi kI yaha svataMtratA sArthaka tabhI kahI jA sakatI hai jaba vaha apanI kalA ko kalA taka hI sImita na rakha, samAja meM AdarzoM kI sthApanA ke lie usakA utsarga kara de| bhAratIya sAhityAcAryoM ne kAvya prayojana meM Adarza sthApana kA mahat uddezya apanAyA hai, Adarza kI yaha sthApanA cAhe kisI bhI rUpa athavA sAdhana se ho ve ise vimta nahIM kara pAye haiM / jaina dharma ke terApantha AcAryoM aura muniyoM ne samAja meM AdarzoM kI sthApanA ke liye vibhinna caritroM ko upasthita kiyA hai, ye caritra isa samAja ke aMga hote hae bhI samAja ko dizA-nirdeza pradAna karane vAle rahe haiN| isI kAraNa carita-kAvyoM kA sRjana apekSAkRta vyApaka stara para huA hai| ye caritra jIvanta hI haiM, kalpanA prasUta caritra bahuta hI kama dekhane meM Aye haiN| terApantha ke AcAryoM meM AcArya bhikkhU jayAcArya aura AcArya tulasI ne vyApaka sAhitya sRjana kiyA hai| unhoMne AcAryoM, santoM aura sAdhviyoM ke caritroM kA guNa-gAna kAvya ko AdhAra banAkara kiyA hai| eka ora yaha caritra-gAna una punIta vyaktitvoM kA puNya smaraNa hai, to dUsarI ora loka zikSaNa kA pramukha AyAma bhI hai| sAhityAcAryoM ne caritra-citraNa athavA vizleSaNa ke jo bindu yA mApadaNDa nirdhArita kiye haiM, jinake AdhAra para kAvya-nAyakoM kA zreNInirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai athavA pAtroM ke prakAra ginAye gaye haiM una sAhityika mApadaNDoM kI kasauTI para na to ina caritroM ko kasA jA sakatA hai aura na hI vaisA prayAsa aucitya pUrNa bhI hai, kyoMki pAtra vizleSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha kAvyakalevara, deza, kAla, vAtAvaraNa aura uddezya para bhI dRSTipAta Avazyaka hai| samIkSya kAvyoM meM caritra samAyojana evaM saMyojana avazya hai lekina dArzanikatA evaM kAvya uddezya kI dRSTi se ye pAtra sAmAnya na rahakara eka viziSTa zreNI ke pAtra bana gaye haiM, ataH inakA vizleSaNa bhI usI rUpa meM kiyA jAnA caahiye|

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI kAvyoM meM cAritrika saMyojana 177 ina kAvyoM ke kAvya nAyaka AcArya, gaNi, santa aura satiyA~ rahI haiM, jinhoMne tyAga - tapazcaryA ke bala para apane vyaktitva ko U~cA uThAyA hai, sAtha hI sadkarma evaM prayAsoM se apane paMtha kI sevA-suzruSA karate hue usake vikAsa kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| ye guNa-dharma lagabhaga sabhI pAtroM meM samarUpa se dRSTavya haiM, antara kevala racanAkAra kI prastuti evaM prakaTana kA hai / ve santa jo mahAn evaM alaukika guNoM se yukta hote hue bhI sarala rahe, unakI saralatA kA aura ve santa jo terApaMtha kI padIya paraMparA se alaga rahate hue bhI mahAn hue unakI mahAnatA kA guNavarNana kiyA gayA hai / prAcIna sAhityika graMthoM meM nAyakoM kI jina zreNiyoM va prakAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai unameM 'dhIrodAtta' nAyaka hI prastuta kAvyoM ke caritra ke samAna kahe jA sakate haiM / 'dhIrodAtta' nAyaka kA paricaya dete hue likhA gayA hai - " dhIrodAtta nAyaka AtmazlAghA nahIM karatA, vaha kSamAzIla hotA hai, gaMbhIratA se alaMkRta hotA hai, harSa-zokAdi bhAvoM se aprabhAvita rahatA hai, apane kAryoM meM sthira rahatA hai / " santoM ke caritra-darzana se ina samasta guNoM kA yatkicit digdarzana ho jAtA hai / hA~ kucha viziSTatAeM dhIra prazAMta nAyaka kI bhI dRSTavya hotI haiM, dhIralalita athavA dhIroddhata nAyaka ke guNa lezamAtra bhI dikhAI nahIM dete haiM / prastuta patra meM jayAcArya kRta 'amaragAthA' 'kIrtigAthA', aura AcArya zrI tulasIkRta 'kAlUyazovilAsa', 'DAlima caritra', 'mANaka mahimA', 'magana caritra' ko adhyayana kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai / padyAtmaka kRtiyoM meM cAritrika saMyojana atyanta sUkSmatA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / kAvya-kalevara cAhe saMkSipta ho athavA vistRta caritroM kA udghATana yatheSTa rUpa meM ho gayA hai aura yahI ina kRtiyoM kI pramukha viziSTatA kahI jA sakatI hai / ina kAvyoM meM caritra saMyojana kI pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki pAThaka ke sAmane muniyoM ke caritra ko khulI kitAba ke samAna rakha diyA hai / kahIM bhI kAvyAtmaka graMthiyoM athavA lAkSaNikatA ke bojha tale caritroM ko dabAne kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA hai / janma se lekara avasAna taka isa prakAra huA hai ki rekhAcitra kI bhAMti sampUrNa hI hotA hai / cAritrika viziSTatAoM ko bhI sIdhe kI ghaTanAoM kA citraNa vyaktitva kA darzana sahaja rUpa meM aMkita kara diyA gayA hai / 'amara gAthA' meM muni satayugI ke sambandha meM isa prakAra likhA gayA hai

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178 "sukhadAI sahu gaNa bhaNI, khetasI jI guNakhAMna / bhakkhU RSa pAse bhalA, pake mate paradhAMna // X X prakRti vinaya guNa kara pravara, satajuga sarisA saMta / satajuga nAMma suhAMmaNo, moTA munI mahanta / terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna jayAcArya ne AcArya bhikkhU ko zAsanAdhIza ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / usa sambandha meM ve likhate haiM " zAsana nAtha jyUM thayA bhikSu svAma, dAna dayA rUr3I rIta dIpAya, jIva ghaNA rA the sAryA jI kAma / paMcame Are pragaTyA munirAya || 2 AcArya bhikkhU ko mahAnatam santa mAnate hue unake smaraNa kI mahattA ko pratipAdita karate hue jayAcArya likhate haiM " svAmI bhikhana jI sukhakArI re, tyAMrau jApa japo nara nArI, uttama jJAna kriyA guNadhArI re / X X X samaraNa kIdhAM bAdha saMpati, pAmai sukha bharapUra / jaya brahma endra acyuta sukha kAraNa, durgati hoveM dUra ||' 113 apane kAvya nAyaka AcArya bhikkhU ko alaukika vyakti ke rUpa meM jayAcArya ne prastuta kiyA hai / usake sAtha apanA jIvanAdhAra bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / svAmI bhikkhU ke prati yahA~ jayAcArya kA dAsya bhAva prakaTa huA hai isI kAraNa bhikkhU ko sarvasva mAnA hai aura unake niraMtara smaraNa para jora diyA hai-- "mhAre to mana meM svAmI basiyA, aho nizi dhyAU~ dhyAna jI mhArai / lIjai nitya prati nAma jI, mhArai samarUM AThU yAma jI / "" AcArya bhikkhU kA yaha nirantara smaraNa isa tathya ko siddha karatA hai ki jayAcArya kI kIrti-gAthA ke zIrSa puNya AcArya bhikkhU hI haiM / 'bhArImAla gaNi guNa varNana' meM gaNi bhArImAla ke jIvara varNana ke sAtha-sAtha unake vyaktitva vaiziSTya ko bhI jayAcArya ne prastuta kiyA hai aura santa zrRMkhalA meM unake ziziSTa sthAna ko parilakSita kiyA haiguNa chai bhArI, tyA nai opamA adhikI AI / "bhArImAlajI meM

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI kAvyoM meM cAritrika saMyojana " jima sara meM kamala sobhai chai, tima sobhai sAdhAmAI Rs / ' X vale indra sobhai devatA meM, tima sAdhAM meM muNido / "" jayAcArya bhArI mAlajI kI mahAnatAoM ke nirmala citta kA paricaya bhI dete haiM aura eka hI ko pirote hue likhate haiM yn " soma prakRti cita zAMta, suvanIta ghaNA jasavaMta / vacana dRr3ha viruda vizAla // 6 varNana ke sAtha-sAtha unake paMkti meM unakI viziSTatAoM 'rAyacaMda gaNiguNa varNana' meM tRtIya AcArya ke rUpa meM unakA varNana karate hue jayAcArya dvArA likhA gayA hai "tIje pATa bhikSu re pratapo, zaraNAgata sukhakAra / vIra jiNaMda taNI para hivar3AM kara rahyA jagat uddhAra || " 179 rAyacanda gaNi ko RSirAya bhI kahA gayA hai / eka DhAla meM unake guNoM kA pAribhASika varNana kiyA gayA hai-- 118 'dakhila' dukha dAhaNa agha dalI jI, rakhila RSi bAla brahmacAra | akhila AcAra ArAdhavA jI, sakala gaNa svAma zRMgAra // AcArya varNana ke sAtha-sAtha santoM kI mahimA kA gAna jayAcArya ne kiyA hai| muni bhAramala kI mahattA kA varNana senA meM senApati ke samAna kiyA hai " senyApati senyA mAMhe sobhato, tIna khaMDa meM vAsudeva jAMNa / cakravata cha: khaNDa mAMhe sobhato, jyU sAdhAM mAhe varavAMNa / / "" isa santa varNana meM saMkSiptatA mahatvapUrNa rahI hai jahA~ eka hI chanda meM unakA pUrNa paricaya dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / 'zAsana vilAsa' meM Apane gadya rUpa bhI santa varNana kiyA hai / jaise"zrI jI duvAre bhoposAha, tehane putra khetasI, prakRti cokhI / " 10 satIguNa varNana meM jayAcArya ne sAdhviyoM kA varNana kiyA hai / yahA~ bhI saMkSiptatA pramukha viziSTatA kahI jA sakatI hai| sAdhvI AsUjI kA varNana karate hue Apane likhA hai " satI ghaNA jIvAM ne samajhAya nai, adarAyAzrAvaka vrata udAra / keikAM nai sulabha bodhI kiyA, syANI sugaNI gaNa meM sukhakAra ||"" sAdhviyoM ke varNana meM unake gRhatyAga ko viziSTa rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai / sAdhvI rUpAMjI, hastUjI ( bar3A ) aura AsUjI ke varNana meM isa prakAra ke ullekha milate haiM

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180 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna "varasa panarai Asarai vaya jANI, suta pIu chAMDa sumatA AMNI / satI rUpAMjI mahA syaannii|"12 X AsUjI uttama ArajyAM, pIu chAMDa vrata pAla / satiyAM mAhe siromaNI, guNiye nita guNamAla / / 13 nArIgata kSamAzIlatA evaM vinayazIlatA kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI kaThora tapasyA kA bhI paricaya isameM milatA hai suvanIta ghaNI satagura taNI, sobhA gaNa mAMhi savAya / vinayavaMtI ne khimyAvantI, haraSa ghaNo hIyA mAya / / samaNI mudrA kara sobhatI, sIla siromaNI suhAya / santa satyAM nai suhAmaNI, tapa karanai tana tApa / / 14 jayAcArya kA yaha kAvyamaya cAritrika saMyojana kAvya nAyakoM ko unake mUla jIvana se adhika dUra athavA kalpanA loka meM nahIM le jAtA balki unhIM ke jIvana ke irda-girda ghUmatA huA unake maulika svarUpa ko udghATita karatA hai, jisase aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno jIvana kA pratyeka kSaNa unhoMne kAvya nAyaka ke sAtha hI vyatIta kiyA ho| jayAcArya kI isa kAvya dRSTi kI viziSTatA kA ullekha karate hue muni sukhalAlajI ne likhA hai"jayAcArya ke pAsa vaha sphaTika rADAra dRSTi hai jo apane parisara meM ghaTane vAlI sAmAnya se sAmAnya vizeSatA ko bhI pratibimbita kara sakatI hai / 15 terApantha ke rAjasthAnI kAvyoM kI kar3I meM AcAryazrI tulasI kI prathama kAvya kRti 'kAlUyazovilAsa' hai, jisameM Apane apane guru evaM AcArya kAlUgaNi ke caritra ko saMjoyA hai| AcAryazrI ke hRdaya meM apane guru ke prati Adara bhAva rahA hai, jisakA prakaTana prArambha se ho jAtA hai| jahA~ ve zaizavAvasthA meM hI unake mahAn hone kI sambhAvanA ko vyakta karate "zaizavavaya meM piNa zizutA rI kiMcit nahI kuvAMNa / bhara jovana meM vo gaNavana meM baNasI AgIvAMNa // 16 kAlagaNi ke jIvana meM gurudeva maghavAgaNi kI bhUmikA bahuta aham rahI, unhoMne hI kAlUgaNi ko pUrNarUpeNa prazikSita kiyA thA / gAnA, bolanA, vyAkhyAna karanA, DhAla gAnA Adi kAlUgaNi ko sikhAyA gayA thA, lekina durbhAgyavaza pAvana guru kI sannidhi dIrghakAla taka prApta nahIM ho skii| bAla santa ke guru-viraha ko AcAryazrI ne bahuta mArmika DhaMga se abhivyakta kiyA

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI kAvyoM meM cAritrika saMyojana 1,35 "guru maghavA sura-gamana lakha, kAlU dila sukumAra / bhArI viraha vikhinna jyUM, kRSi bala bina jaladhAra // ' tyAgamUrti ke rUpa meM kAlUgaNi kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / unhoMne AcArya pada ko kAphI anunaya-vinaya ke pazcAt svIkAra kiyA thA---- "sArA mila ati Agrahe, siMhAsana zubha sAja / muzkila syUM Asita kiyA, zrI kAlU gururAja / vAtsalya kI pratimUrti ke rUpa meM bhI kAlUgaNi ke caritra ko liyA jA sakatA hai / ve sabhI ke prati samabhAva bhI rakhate the, jisakA paricaya dete hue AcArya zrI tulasI ne likhA hai "adbhuta vatsalatA bhalI re, sArAM para ika sAtha / sakala jana moda syUM re, tribhuvana tAta vadAta // saMghazAsana meM kAlUgaNi bahuta hI saphala rahe AcAryazrI ne unakI zAsana kSamatA ko unake jIvana kI naisargika pratibhA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, jisakA udAharaNa sahita Apane varNana kiyA " ravi nai kuNa sIkhAvai, paMka prazoSaNo, amRtaruci nai Ave, paMkaja poSaNo / sAgara meM zobhAva, sahaja sadhIratA, tyUMhI kAlU kAye, paTu koTIratA / " 120 saMtoM ko apane jIvana kA moha nahIM hotA / ve mAnate haiM, zarIra janma letA hai, maratA hai lekina AtmA to amara hai tabhI to AcAryazrI ne apane gurumukha se ye vacana uddhRta karavAye haiM-- "jIva marai zarIra DAkTarAM, AtmA amara bakhAMvA / ' 21 yy 181 saMta hRdaya bhI mAtRsneha abhAva meM AbhAsa kAlugaNa ke antima samaya ke bhAvoM se mAtA se bahuta dUra hote haiM 1122 "aMga sthiti avalokatAM re, o to duSkara kAra / dhorAM dharatI mAM rahI re, mhe baiThA mevAr3a / ' AcAryazrI ne kAlUgaNI kI mAtA ko eka citrita kiyA hai / putra ke suragamana-saMvAda ko sunakara vaha nahIM karatI, balki anya logoM ko bhI viraha tyAgane kA saMdeza detI huI kahatI vIra mAtA ke rUpa meM svayaM hI dhairya dhAraNa kitanA duHkhI hotA hai isakA spaSTa hotA hai, jahA~ ve apanI 1123 "joga vijoga zubhAzubha joge, gaI vastu phira kuNa pAI / ' AcArya zrI kI mahatvapUrNa kRti 'mANaka mahimA' rahI hai, jisameM AcArya mANaka muni kA caritra saMjoyA gayA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM eka tathya

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182 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna ullekhanIya hai ki AcArya zrI dvArA pAtroM kA cAritrika saMyojana itane sapATa DhaMga se hotA hai ki sahaja rUpa se saMbaMdhita vyakti ke jIvana aura caritra kI pUrI jAnakArI mila jAtI hai / cAhe usa pAtra ko Apane apane jIvana meM dekhA ho yA nahIM, lekina usakA citraNa vAstavika hotA hai / isa saMbaMdha meM sAdhvI pramukhA kanakaprabhAjI ke zabdoM ko doharAnA samIcIna hogA / jinhoMne 'mANaka mahimA' ke sampAdakIya meM likhA hai - " kavayitA ne jIvana caritra ke nAyaka se kabhI sAkSAtkAra nahIM kiyA para kRti-darzana se aisA pratIta nahIM hotA / anadekhI sthiti kA itanA sajIva vizleSaNa kavi kI gaharI saMvedanazIlatA kI dyotanA hai / ' 24 mANaka muni ke vairAgya aura guru caraNAnurAga ko AcAryazrI ne atyanta saMkSipta DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai - "jaya jaza madhvA pada anurAgI, bhAgI mANaka mana vairAgI / Antara hRdaya bhAvanA jAgI bhAgI mANaka mana vairAgI // 2. muni zreSTha ke rUpa meM mANaka muni ko svIkArate hue likhA gayA hai " sakala zubhaMkara, maghavA paTadhara mahAmuni / muninda morA mANaka sumita sumera ho / ' 26 1125 mANaka muni apane uttarAdhikArI AcArya kA cayana kiye binA svargArohaNa kara gaye to AcAryazrI unheM ulAhanA dene meM bhI cUke nahIM hai-"thArai to hotI asakela, mhAMrai mahAbhArata ro khela / khAMdhAM bahaNo AsAna, lAkhoM kI muTThI meM jAna / kyU~ kara jAsI sindhu taryo / 27 itanA hI nahIM isake Age ve sApha zabdoM meM likhate hai-"o RNa binA cukAyAM, svarga sidhAyA sApha suNAvAlA / ' DAlima gaNi kA caritra gAna saMgha ke AcArya ke rUpa meM AcAryazrI ne ston caritra meM kiyA hai / caritra ko eka hI sAMce meM DhAlakara prastuta karane kA prayAsa yahA~ bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai / caritra ko sahaja rUpa se gati dene aura vistAra pAne kA avasara AcAryazrI ne prastuta kiyA hai / ghaTanA tattva kI pradhAnatA liye yaha kAvya rahA hai, aura ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para hI caritra nirmANa huA hai / kahIM-kahIM saMketa rUpa meM cAritrika viziSTatAoM ko eka hI sAtha uddhRta kara diyA gayA hai / DAlima gaNi kI kuzAgra buddhi evaM smaraNa zakti kA paricaya dete hue likhA gayA hai-- 4 "dazavaikAlika Avassaga, uttarAdhyayana prazasta / veda kalpa nandI kiyA, pAMca sUtra kaMThastha | 29 manuSya ko parakhane kI viziSTatA DAlima gaNi meM vidyamAna rahI / AcArya zrI ne isa ora dhyAna dilAte likhA hai

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terApaMtha ke rAjasthAnI kAvyoM meM cAritrika saMyojana 183 "zrI DAlima rI deha meM, atizaya amala aneka / sarvotkRSTa vizeSatA, minakha parakha rI eka // prastara ratana parIkSakA, jaga meM milai hajAra / para nara ratna parIkSakA, muzkila syUM do cyAra / ''3deg terApaMtha ke maMtrI munimagana jI kA caritra gAna AcArya zrI ne kiyA hai| yaha jIvana caritra bhI yathArtha kA paryAya hI hai, jaisA ki AcArya zrI ne svayaM likhA hai-"jyoM-jyoM lekhana kA krama Age bar3hA, merA mana bar3hatA gayA, maiM samajhatA hU~ maiMne kisI prakAra kI atizayokti yA arthavAda kA sahArA na lekara eka yathArtha ko abhivyakti dI hai|"31 AcArya zrI ne muni magana ke caritra-citraNa meM bhI ghaTanAoM ko hI AdhAra banAyA hai / AcAryatva se bhinna unakA caritra-citraNa huA hai, lekina kahIM-kahIM saMgha saMcAlana meM unakI pratibhA kI bahuta prazaMsA kI gayI hai aura yahI unake caritra kA prabala pakSa bhI rahA, jise AcArya zrI ne prastuta kiyA mANaka DAlima saMdhi kAla meM, kAlU magana mahAn / bAgaDora kara thAme rakhI, jo zAsana rI zAna // DAlima sarikhA~ rI gati parakhI, rIjha-khIjha uddAma / kasaNI cheda tApa tAr3aNa syUM, suvaraNa na huvai zyAma / / zIghra nIti nirNAyaka zakti, nirNaya dRr3hatA neka / idhara-udhara na dimAga Dolato, eka rAkhato Teka / / bhole bAlaka kI sI bhakti nizchala vinaya nikAma / baddhAjaMli UMce svara karato, guru vandana guNagrAma // " (magana-128) saMdha ke pragativAdI vicAroM ke muni magana pracAraka evaM saMvAhaka rahe, jisake bAre meM bhI AcAryazrI ne likhA haiM -- "nava jAgati meM sadA sahAyaka, kabhI na khIMcyo pAMva / parivartana hai, pragati sUcanA maiM maMtrI rA bhAva / " (magana-134) cAritrika saMyojana kI dRSTi se jina-jina kAvyoM kA adhyayana kiyA jA sakA usase eka tathya avazya hI ubhara kara sAmane AyA hai aura vaha yaha ki isa prakAra kI racanAoM meM pAtroM ko sahaja rUpa meM ubhArA gayA hai, unheM mAnavIya dharAtala para hI rakhA hai| mAnava mana kI jo-jo ceSTAeM-apekSAeM hotI haiM aura honI cAhiye yadi ina pAtroM meM dikhI haiM to kAvyakAroM ne unheM vismRta nahIM kiyA hai, balki unheM bhI anAvRta kara nirapekSa racanAdharma kA

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184 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna nirvAha kiyA hai| isa tathya ko sAdhvI pramukhAjI ne DAlima caritra meM isa prakAra svIkAra kiyA hai- "durbalatA kI abhivyakti se vyaktitva khaMDita nahIM hotA, bhaviSya meM saMbhAvita devIkaraNa kI kalpanA kA nirasana hotA hai| isa viSaya meM jaina mAgama bahuta spaSTa rahe haiM / vahA~ jaina sAhitya ke bahucarcita vyaktitvoM ke durbala pakSa ko bhI chipAne kA prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA hai|" terApaMtha ke ina mahAn racanAkAroM ne apanI racanAdharmitA se kevala saMgha-sevA kA hI kartavya nirvahana nahIM kiyA hai, balki Adarza pAtroM aura caritroM ko janasAmAnya ke zikSaNArtha prastuta kiyA hai| saMdarbha 1. amaragAthA, pR0 9 17. vahI, 18 2. kIrtigAthA, 4 18. vahI, 42 3. vahI, 8 19. vahI, 46 4. vahI, 20 20. vahI, 53 5. vahI, 40 21. kAlUyazovilAsa, 315 6. vahI, 43 22. vahI, 350 7. vahI, 45 23. vahI, 8. vahI, 51 24. mANakamahimA-sampAdakIya se 9. vahI, 85 25. mANakamahimA, 33 10. zAsanavilAsa 26. vahI, 51 11. kIrtigAthA, 299 27. vahI, 88 12. vahI, 291 28. vahI, 89 13. vahI, 299 29. DAlima caritra, 35 14. vahI, 308 30. vahI, 150 15. vahI, bhUmikA 31. maganacaritra 16. kAlUyazovilAsa, 12

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AcArya bhikSukRta jambUcarita kA sAMskRtika adhyayana saMskRti kisI bhI rASTra kI utkRSTatama vibhUti hotI hai / rASTravizeSa kA jIvana-maraNa, usakI unnati - avanati, usakI pratiSThA apratiSThA Adi tathya usakI saMskRti para hI AdhArita rahate haiM / jisa rASTra kI saMskRti jitanI hI udAtta aura janIna hotI hai vaha rASTra utanA hI gauravazAlI banatA hai / samaNI sthitaprajJA bhAratIya sAhitya meM saMskRti zabda eka arvAcIna zabda hai / prAcInakAla meM saMskRti kA artha to saMskAra se hI sambandhita thA / Age calakara ise aMgrejI zabda 'kalcara' ke artha meM prayoga kiyA jAne lagA / jahA~ taka saMskRti kI paribhASA kA prazna hai, saMskRti aisI cIja hai jise lakSaNoM meM to hama jAna sakate haiM kintu isakI paribhASA nahIM de sakate / DaoN0 rAmajI upAdhyAya ke matAnusAra 'saMskRti vaha prakriyA hai jisase kisI deza ke sarvasAdhAraNa kA vyaktitva niSpanna hotA hai / saMskRti se mAnava samAja kI usa sthiti kA bodha hotA hai jisase use sudhArA huA, U~cA, sabhya Adi AbhUSaNoM se AbhUSita kiyA jAtA hai / zArIrika, mAnasika va AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA vikAsa hI saMskRti kA mukhya uddezya hai / ' uparyukta paribhASA se spaSTa hai ki saMskRti bAhya aura abhyantara donoM taraha kI sthiti, pariSkAra aura vikAsa kA nAma hai jisameM mAnasika saMskAra, rIti-rivAja, dhArmika bhAvanAeM, loka-vizvAsa, zakuna-apazakuna Adi prasiddha haiM / prastuta nibandha meM AcArya bhikSu dvArA racita 'jambUkumAra carita' ke AdhAra para sAMskRtika tattvoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / sAmAjika rIti-rivAja - vivecya graMtha meM aneka saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai / jinameM nimnalikhita saMskAra pramukha haiM 1. janma saMskAra :- prastuta grantha meM janma saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai / rAjagRha nagarI meM RSabhadatta seTha kI patnI dhAriNI ke garbha meM jaba baccA

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna AyA taba mA~ ne svapna meM AkAza se utarate hue jambU vRkSa ko dekhaa| isa svapna ke AdhAra para bacce kA nAma jambUkumAra rakhA gayA / ' usa samaya bhI janma saMskAra janma mahotsava ke rUpa meM dhUma-dhAma se manAyA jAtA thaa| 2. vivAha saMskAra :-vivAha ke dina jambU ko paTTa para baiThAkara sugandhita padArthoM se zarIra kI mAliza kara snAna karAne tathA bahumUlya vastroM aura AbhUSaNoM se susajjita kara vizAla bArAta ke sAtha vivAha karane kA ullekha hai| vahA~ toraNa-bA~dhanA, AratI karanA, caMvarI meM baiThanA aura mAtApitA dvArA hathalevA dAna karane kA bhI varNana hai|4 (i) antarjAtIya vivAha :-vidyA prApti ke lie brAhmaNa kA caNDAliNI ke sAtha vivAha karanA antarjAtIya vivAha kA dyotaka hai| (ii) bahupatnIprathA :--zivakumAra nAmaka rAjakumAra kI pA~ca sau kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha hone kA ullekha hai| jambUkumAra kA bhI ATha zreSThI kanyAoM ke sAtha pariNaya kA ullekha milatA hai / 3. dahejaprathA :-daheja ke bAre meM bhI vistRta varNana milatA hai, udAharaNa ke taura para "ninANa koDa ro sonaIyA diyA e, bale rUpaIyA jANa / dIdhA ghaNA harSa sUe, mana mAMheM udyama ANa / putrI ne ApiyA e| 4. vaidika saMskAroM kA prabhAva :-prabhava jambU se kahatA hai putra hone ke bAda saMyama grahaNa karanA, kyoMki putra ke vinA sadgati nahIM hotii| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai "aputriyA ne sadgati nahIM, kahyo purANa majhAra / tiNasU eka putra huvA pache, choDa dIje saMsAra / / 9 (i) dIkSA saMskAra --jambUkumAra ke dIkSA mahotsava kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai "e pA~ca so aThAbIsAM taNA, kiyA dikhyA mahocchava pUra / dhana kharace tihAM ati ghaNo, bAjaMtra bAje rahyA che tUra // (ii) mRtyu saMskAra :- mRtyu saMskAra kA varNana karate hue kahA hai"putrAM binA piMDa kuNa sArasI, pANI kuNa desI lAra / zrAddha karasI kuNa tAMharo, phala kuNa ghAle gaMgA majhAra // "" 5. lokavizvAsa :-basantapura nagara meM galatI karane vAle vyakti ko devI ke mandira meM le jAyA jAtA thA aura yaha vizvAsa thA ki galatI karane

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AcArya bhikSukRta jambUcarita kA sAMskRtika adhyayana 187 vAle vyakti ko devI mAra detI hai| eka jagaha aisA ullekha bhI milatA hai ki jaMgala meM eka kuNDa meM snAna karane se bandara sundara manuSya aura bandarI sundara mahilA ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gayI / 13 6. kalA :-usa samaya bahattara kalAoM kA prazikSaNa diyA jAtA thA aisA ullekha bhI milatA hai / 14 svabhAvagata saMskAra :---- manovijJAva ke anusAra pratyeka vyakti meM alaga-alaga saMskAra hote haiM / jambUkumAra caritta meM bhI aisA hI ullekha milatA hai| (ka) sajjana puruSa svabhAva : mAtA-pitA ke Agraha ke kAraNa jambU vivAha karane ko udyata ho jAtA hai, lekina vaha dUta ke mAdhyama se AThoM kanyAoM aura unake mAtA-pitA ke pAsa sandeza bheja detA hai ki maiMne AjIvana zIlavrata ko svIkAra kara liyA hai| isalie Apa ciMtana pUrvaka nirNaya leM kyoMki maiM kisI ko dhokhA nahIM denA caahtaa|" (kha) durjana puruSa svabhAva :---rAjakumAra prabhava galata saMskAroM ke kAraNa cauryavRtti meM saMlagna hone para 500 coroM ke sAtha jaMbU ke ghara corI karane ke lie AtA hai| ve apanI tAloTraghATinI aura avazvApinI vidyA ke prayoga se 99 karor3a mudrAoM ko gaThariyoM meM bAMdha lete haiM / (ga) sajjana strI svabhAva :-~-AcArya bhikSu ne nArI ke utkarSa svabhAva ko bhI ujAgara kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para bhAvadeva ----muni mAnavIya durbalatA ke kAraNa saMyama se vicalita ho jAte haiM to nAgalA pUre sAhasa ke sAtha apane pati muni ko sanmArga dikhAtI hai| muni saMyama meM punaH sthira hokara siMhavRtti ke sAtha saMyama kA pAlana karate haiM / jambUkumAra kI ATha patniyoM kA svabhAva bhI utkRSTatA kA dyotaka hai ki jambUkumAra yadi zIla kA pAlana karatA hai, saMyama letA hai to hama bhI usI patha kA anuzaraNa kreNgii| (gha) durjana strI svabhAva :-kapilA Adi rAniyoM tathA kuberasenA Adi vezyAoM ke duzcaritra kA bhI varNana milatA hai / 19 / / (Ga) sAdhu svabhAva :-sudharmAsvAmI ke svabhAva ko ullikhita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki unhoMne krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha para vijaya prApta kara lii| pariSaha utpanna hone para kSobha -rahita, nidrAjayI Adi unake aneka guNoM kA varNana milatA haiM guNa ghaNAIja che tyAM mAMya, te ekaNa jIbha suM kema kahavAya / AryakSetra meM kare ugra bihAra, bhava jIvAM rA tAraNa hAra / / 20

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna 188 manoraMjana ke sAdhana dhanika loga gaganacumbI sundara mahaloM meM nivAsa karate the, jisameM mana ko tRpti denevAle hIre, ratnoM Adi se jaTita jAlIdAra khir3akiyA~ hotI thI / baiThane ke lie ArAma dAyaka siMhAsana hotA thA / bAjIgara bandara ko nacA'kara logoM ke diloM ko khuza karate the / tathA manoraMjana ke lie rAjA mahaloM meM bhI bandara rakhate the / evaM Amoda-pramoda ke lie sundara udyAna hote the / 4 2 dhArmika bhAvanAeM - prastuta grantha me sAdhana ke vividha pahaluoM dvArA dhArmika bhAvanAoM kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai 1. upAsanA :- upAsanA paddhati bhI laukika aura AdhyAtmika donoM prakAra se kI jAtI thI / jaise laukika meM (ka) gaNeza pUjA : nirdhana ko buddhi aura siddhi dvArA 6 mahIne taka gaNeza pUjA karane para pratidina muharoM kI prApti hone lagI / 5 AdhyAtmika dRSTi se jaise-- (kha) bhagavAna mahAvIra kI upAsanA :- bhagavAn mahAvIra kA padArpaNa rAjagRha nagarI meM hotA hai / rAjA zreNika vizAla parikara ke sAtha jAkara bhagavAn ko vandana karatA hai tathA dezanA sunatA haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mukti ke 4 mArga dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAvanA kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai / 26 "mhAsI jAe dalita dAna thI, zIla thI durgati ro nAsa / karmA ro nAsa che tapa thakI, bhAvanAM sUM bhavAM ro vinAsa / " ecyA mArga mugata rA / " . rAjA zreNika ne vizAla pariSad meM bhagavAn mahAvIra se prazna pUchA --- bhagavan ! Apake zAsana kA antima kevalI kauna hogA ? bhagavAn ne rAjA kI jijJAsA kA samAdhAna karate hue jambUkumAra kA ullekha kiyA / 28 ( rAjezvara bhAvanA ) 2. vrata :- bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI sunakara rAjA zreNika Adi -logoM ne apanI-apanI kSamatA anusAra vratoM ko svIkAra kiyA kucha sthaloM para bAraha vratadhArI zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / 3deg 1. dAna-dAtA ke utkRSTa pariNAma, zuddha padArtha aura supAtrata ina tInoM ke yoga se karma kSaya ho jAte haiM tathA dAna se vyakti tIrthaMkara gotra kA bhI bandha kara letA hai / 39

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AcArya bhikSukRta jambUcarita kA sAMskRtika adhyayana 189 2. zIla :-zIla ko saba vratoM meM zreSTha batAyA gayA hai| brahmacArI kI vizeSatAoM ko ujAgara karate hue kahA gayA hai "cyArUM jAta ro devatA, kara brahmacArI nAM guNagrAma / jiNa nava koTi zIla Adarayo, tiNa ne nita-nita bAMde nAma / "32 3. tapa :--tapa kI utkRSTatA ko batAte hue kahA hai "karma kaTe tapasA kiyAM, tapasA che moTo nidhAna / koDa bharAM rA karma saMciyA, te kaTa jAe tapa sU aasaan|" tapa ke bAraha bhedoM kA bhI saMketa milatA hai| 4. bhAvanA :--bhAvanA ke dvArA hI vyakti saMsArarUpI samudra kA pAra pA sakatA hai| kahA bhI hai "bhAvanA sudha bhAyA thaMkA, to thor3A meM kaTe karma jAla / anaMta bhava karaNA chedane, mugata jAe tatkAla / rAjezvara bhAvanA // 4 5. sAdhu jIvana ke kaSTa :- dharatI para zayana, kezaluJcana, sardIgarmI sahana karanA tathA 22 parISahoM ko sahanA, ghara-ghara se bhikSA lAnA, naMge pAMva calanA Adi kaSToM kA 11 vIM DhAla meM vistAra se varNana 6. saMyama :-sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa jambU Adi eka sau aThThAvIsa vyaktiyoM ne saMyama grahaNa kiyaa| jambU svAmI ko aneka upamAoM se upamita kiyA gayA hai / 46 vIM DhAla meM unake saMyamI jIvana ke guNoM kA utkRSTa varNana kiyA gayA hai ---- "guNa to tyAMne che atighaNA, samudra jema athAya ho / koDajibhyA kare varNave, to hI pUrA kahyA na jAya ho / / 26 dArzanika dRSTiyA~ 1. punarjanma :-rAjA zreNika ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se prazna kiyAbhagavan ! jambUkumAra kauna hogA ? bhagavAn ne rAjA zreNika ke prazna kA uttara dete hue jambUkumAra ke pichale cAra bhavoM kA ullekha kiyA / prastuta graMtha meM aura bhI aneka jagaha punarjanma kI carcA milatI hai / 2. karmavAda :-AcArya bhikSu ne isa grantha meM jagaha-jagaha karmavAda kA mArmika citraNa prastuta kiyA hai, jaise "eka pANI rA biMdU majhe, mAta-pitA asaMkhyAtA hoya / tyAMro nita gaTako karUM, tyAM sAhyoM kyU nahIM joya // 19

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190 "mAha aMdha jIva phire matavAlo, tyAMneM sadaguru rI sIkha na lAge relo / haMsa-haMsa karma bAMdhe dina rAte, tyAMrI khabara paDesI Age re lo // 28 vIM DhAla meM ullekha ghor3I ke anAja khAne meM antarAya dene se cAraka ke pracura karmoM kA bandha hotA hai, jisake kAraNa vaha marakara kurUpa brAhmaNa banatA hai tathA use cAroM ora tiraskAra hI tiraskAra milatA hai / 3. saMsAra kI nazvaratA : - jambUkumAra ne apanI patniyoM ko saMsAra kI nazvaratA kA pratibodha diyA / jisakA vistRta varNana 14 vIM DhAla meM hai / aura bhI kaI sthaloM para bAra-bAra saMsAra kI nazvaratA kA citraNa milatA hai / 3 jambU ne prabhava cora ko bhI saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA ko batalA kara pratibodha diyA / 44 42 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna - (ka) kAmabhoga naraka kA dvAra : --jambU apanI patnI samudrazrI ko samajhAte hue kahatA hai kAmabhoga AmiSa jisA jI, kAga jisA je jIva / 45 te rati pAmasI kAmabhoga meM jI, tyAM dIdhI naraka rI nIMva / ' (kha) duHkha kA kAraNa lobha :- padmazrI apane pati jambU se kahatI hai, ki jaise bandara ne devatA banane kA lobha kiyA to vaha bahuta duHkhI huA / Apako bhI bandara kI taraha pazcAttApa na karanA par3e isalie mokSa-sukha kI lAlasA ko chor3a puNya se upalabdha sukhoM kA hI upabhoga kareM / " (ga) duSkarma se durgati - lalitakumAra ne viSayAsakti ke kAraNa rAnI se prema kiyA to use setakhAne meM giranA pdd'aa| isalie jambU apanI patnI jayantazrI se kahatA hai ki yadi maiM tuma logoM se prema karatA hU~ to narakanigoda meM par3a jAU~gA tathA cAroM gati meM bhramaNa karanA par3egA / ataH maiM lalita kumAra kI taraha mUrkha nahIM hU~ / mujhe cAritra lekara aSTakarma-kSaya kara mokSa ko prApta karanA hai / " (gha) saccA mitra : karanA / jaise-- "hUM to mitrI karasU jina hUM chaTU saMsAra nAM duHkha dharma neM jyU mhArA sudhare Atma kAjo jI / thakI, pAmUM bhugatapurI noM rAjo jI // 48 (Ga) lakSya : - jambU kahatA hai - merA eka hI lakSya hai mokSa prApta 1149 " mhAro baMchA eka mugata rI, avara na Ave dAya / ' kahatA hai-- (ca) sadguru : - jambU apanI patnI kanakasenA ko samajhAte hue

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AcArya bhikSukRta jambUcarita kA sAMskRtika adhyayana "piNa moneM to moTA sadguru miliyA, mheM jANyo jina dharma sAco re / (cha) ratnatraya kA mahattva :-- jambU apanI mAtA se kahatA hai-moha karane se karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| cAritra ke pAlana se saMsAra paribhramaNa samApta ho jAtA hai aura zivarUpI ramaNI kA zIghra varaNa hotA hai "e sAdhapaNo sudha pAliyAM, mAtA kaTe che karmA rAjAla / ziva ramaNI vegI vare, vale miTa jAe sarva jaMjAla / / 51 nava tattva vicAraNA sudharmAsvAmI jambUkumAra ko navatattva ke svarUpa ko samajhAte haiM"sudharma svAmI tiNa avasare, bAgarI vANI anUpa / jIvAdika nava tattva taNo, kahyo vivarA sudha svarUpa // "52 prabhava cora bhI apane 500 sAthiyoM ko nava tattva kI vivecanA se pratibodha detA hai jisase unake mana meM vairAgya ho jAtA hai aura saMyama ke lie tatpara ho jAte haiM / 1. Atma-citana :--prabhava Atma-ciMtana karatA hai ki maiM rAjakumAra hote hue bhI sadsaMskAroM ke abhAva meM coroM kA adhipati bana gayA aura kahA~ yaha zreSThI jaMbU jisane sadsaMskAroM ke kAraNa yuvAvasthA meM hI dhana aura apsarA ke samAna sundara 8 patniyoM kA parityAga kara saMyamI jIvana jIne ke lie tatpara hai / isalie mujhe bhI jambUkumAra ke sAtha saMyama grahaNa kara apane jIvana ko sArthaka banAnA caahie| 2. mokSa kI prApti :-jambU svAmI ne aneka jIvoM kA uddhAra kara svayaM bhI aSTakarma-kSaya kara mokSa ko prApta kiyA "jambU svAmI chehalA kevalI, zrI vIra nA zAsana majhAra ho| te mugata gayA Are pA~cameM, tyAMro nAma liyAMi nistAra ho / / "55 isa prakAra aneka sAMskRtika tattva jambUkumAra carita meM pAe jAte haiN| saMdarbha : 1. zivadattajJAnI : bhAratIya saMskRti, pR0 17 2. bhikSu graMtha ratnAkara-khaNDa 2, jambUcarita, DhAla 7, dUhA 5, pR0 565 3. vahI, 6/gAthA 2/pR0 564 4. vahI, DhA0 13, du0 1-6 pR. 573-574 5. vahI, DhA0 22, gAthA 1-6 pR0 592 6. vahI, 6/4/pR0 564

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192 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna 7. vahI, 12/1-3/pR0 571 8. vahI, 13/1-2/pR0 574 9. vahI, 42/du0 18/pR0 621 10. vahI, 46/du0 5/pR0 627 11. vahI, 42/du0 5/pR0 621 12. vahI, 19/1-26/pR0 585-86 13. vahI, 17/10/pR0 581 14. vahI, 6/3/pR0 564 15. vahI, 12/7-15/pR0 571 16. vahI, 34/du0 1-5/pR0 611 17. vahI, 5/5,6,/pR0 563 18. vahI, 1/32-34/pR0 573 19. vahI, 20-21/1-40,1-24/pR0 585-91 20. vahI, 7/1-7/pR0 565 21. vahI, 14/du0 3-5/pR0 575 22. vahI, 17/22-24/pR0 582 23. vahI, 18 26-27/pR0 582 24. vahI, 1/du0 2/pR0 557 25. vahI, 25/1-5/pR0 597 26. vahI, 1/du0 4-5/pR0 557 27. vahI, 1/1/pR0 557 28. vahI, 2/du0 2/gA0 1/pR0 559 29. vahI, 2/du0 1/pR0 559 30. vahI, 13/du0 3-5/pR0 623-24 31. vahI, 1/2-4/pR0 557 32. vahI, 1/12/pR0 558 33. vahI, 1/14-15/pR0 558 34. vahI, 1/17/pR0 558 35. vahI, 11/1-5/pR0 569-70 36. vahI, 46/1-14/pR0 628 37, vahI,6/1-10/pR0 563-64 38. vahI, 10/15/pR0 569 39. vahIM, 10/14/pR0 569 40. vahI, 8/9/pR0 566

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AcArya bhikSukRta jambUcarita kA sAMskRtika adhyayana 49. vahI, 28 / 6-7 / pR0 602 42. vahI, 35 / du0 2-4 / 0 612 43. vahI, 36/1-15/pR0 614-15 44. vahI, 35 / 1-15/pR0 612-13 45. vahI, 16 / 2 - 10/ pR0 579-80 46. vahI, 17 /1-33 / pR0 580-82 47. vahI, 32/1-19 / pR0 607-8 48. vahI, 30 / 24 / pR0 605 49. vahI, 16 / du02 / pR0 579 50. vahI, 24/13/596 51. vahI, 45 / 1-13 / pR0 626-27 52. vahI, 8 / du0 3 / 50 566 53. vahI, 44/1-11/pR0 625-26 54. vahI, 43 / 1-11 / pR0 624 55. vahI, 46 / 15-20 / pR0 629 193

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terApaMtha - prabodha - eka adhyayana [ samaNI pratibhAprajJA / bhArata bhUmi para aneka saMta kaviyoM ne janma liyA hai / unameM sUra, tulasI, kabIra, dAdu Adi ne apanI anubhUti ko zabdoM kA paridhAna pahanAkara zAzvata satyoM kI abhivyakti dI / usI zrRMkhalA meM AcArya tulasI eka nisargasaMta kavi haiM / dharma-saMgha kA prazAsanika dAyitva bar3I kuzalatA va AtmIyatA se nibhAte hue bhI unhoMne sAhitya kI asAdhAraNa sevA kI / unakI lambI kAvya - yAtrA kI yAtrA karanA sarala nahIM hai / maiM apanI yAtrA kA viSaya AcArya zrI ke sadyaska-sRjana kI naI kar3I 'terApaMtha prabodha' ko banA rahI hU~ / 'terApaMtha prabodha' eka itivRta gIta hone ke sAtha-sAtha kavi ke ArAdhya kA sampUrNa jIvana-vRta hai / isa gIta kI viSaya-vastu atyanta vistRta hai / sasIma zabdoM meM asIma tathyoM kI abhivyakti isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki aneka svatantra granthoM kA nirmANa terApaMtha prabodha ke eka-eka padya ke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai / koI jijJAsu samAdhAna pAnA cAhe ki terApaMtha kyA hai ? kaisA hai ? isakI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi kyA hai ? isakA udbhava aura vikAsa kaise huA ? Adi aise hI aneka praznoM kA samAdhAna isa gIta meM nihita hai / pratyeka gIta kA abhilakSya hotA hai-- mahadyaritra evaM mahaduddezya kI pratiSThApanA | vaha mahadUcaritra koI upajIvya stavya evaM samartha vyaktitva hotA hai, jisake prati gItakAra kI sAhajikI zraddhA kisI kAraNavazAt svayameva zAbdika rUpa meM abhivyakta hone lagatI hai / vivecya gIta meM eka mahAn - vyaktitva AcArya bhikSu ke caritra kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / unake vibhinna rUpoM kA citraNa huA hai| rAjasthAna ke kaMTAliyA grAma meM pitA balluzAha va mAtA dIpAM ke ghara para vi. saM. 1783 meM eka putra ratna huA / " bAlaka kA nAma bhIkhaNa rakhA gayA / navajAta zizu bacapana se hI tejasvI thA - 'na khalu vayastejaso hetuH ' tejasvitA kA hetu avasthA nahIM hai, isakA satyApana bAlaka bhIkha meM hotA hai / AcArya bhikSu skUla yA kaoNleja nahIM gaye / unhoMne adhyayana ke nAma para kucha pahAr3e, mahAjanI hisAba Adi sIkhe / parantu autpattikI buddhi' kI vipula sampadA unake pAsa thI jise AdhAra para ve sako kabhI nahI dekhA,

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terApaMtha prabodha-eka adhyayana 195 jisake bAre meM kabhI nahIM sUnA, aise artha ke viSaya meM bhI ve tatkAla jabAba dete the / tatkAlIna paramparAnusAra alpAyu meM hI bhIkhaNa jI kA vivAha ho gyaa| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke sAnnidhya meM rahane se bhIkhaNa jI va unakI patnI ke mana meM vairAgya bhAvanA jAgrata ho gaI / eka ora sAdhu jIvana kI taiyArI dUsarI ora kAla kA krUra vyaMgya / akasmAt patnI kA viyoga ho gyaa| isa ghaTanA ne jAgrata-bhIkhaNa ko aura jagA diyaa| bhIkhaNa dIkSA ke lie taiyAra ho gaye parantu mAtA mohavaza anumati nahIM de rahI hai| AcArya raghunAtha jI svayaM samajhAne ko Ate haiM / mA~ kahatI hai merA beTA rAjA banegA / jaba yaha garbha meM thA taba maiMne siMha kA svapna dekhA thaa| isalie meM ise sAdhu nahIM bnaauuNgii| AcArya raghunAthajI ne kahA yaha sAdhu bana kara siMha kI taraha guujegaa| koI rAjA banatA hai, apane deza meM rAja karatA hai sAdhu to rAjAoM kA bhI rAjA hotA hai| isa bAta se dIpAM bAI prabhAvita ho gii| bhIkha ga jI ko dIkSA kI AjJA prApta ho gii| ve muni bana gye| muni bhIkhaNa jI ne dekhA zAstroM meM varNita municaryA aura tatkAlIna sAdhuoM kI caryA meM mela nahIM hai / kathanI aura karanI kA antara dekha saMdeha ubhraa| isI samaya rAjanagara ke zrAvakoM ne sAdhu-saMgha meM bar3ha rahe zithilAcAra aura suvidhAvAda se khinna hokara sAdhuoM ko vaMdanA karanA chor3a diyaa| muni bhIkhaNa ko zrAvakoM ko samajhAne hetu rAjanagara bhejA gayA / unakA samajhAne kA DhaMga itanA vilakSaNa thA ki zrAvaka unake prabhAva meM A gye| usI rAta muni bhIkhaNa ko tIvra jvara A gyaa| jvara kA kAraNa khojate-khojate unheM AtmaglAnI hone lagI ki maiMne zrAvakoM kI sahI bAta jhuThalAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / yadi maiM svara-mukta ho jAU~ to naye sire se isa paristhiti para vicAra kruuNgaa| satsaMkalpa ne davA kA kAma kiyaa| bhIkhaNajI svastha ho gae / vahA~ se Akara unhoMne guru ko samajhAne kA bahuta prayatna kiyA para guru nahI mAne, anta meM unheM saMgha chor3anA pdd'aa|' abhiniSkramaNa kara pahalI rAta zmazAna meM bitaayii| yahIM se saMgharSoM kI kahAnI prArambha ho jAtI hai / jIvana kI anivArya apekSAoM kI pUrti bhI muzkila ho gii| lekina viSama paristhitiyoM meM ve aDiga rahe / apanI sAdhanA meM japa-tapa Adi se nayA nikhAra lAte rhe| eka dina phatehamalajI divAna bhIkhaNajI kI dharmakrAMti ke saMbaMdha meM carcA kara rahe the| unake pAsa sevaga hai jAti kA eka kavi khar3A thaa| vaha sArI bAteM dhyAna se suna rahA thaa| teraha sAdhu, teraha zrAvaka saMkhyA kA adbhuta yoga dekhakara usane eka dohA sunAyA

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26 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna sAdha sAdha ro gilo karai, te Apa Apa ro mata / suNajyo re zahara rA logAM ! maiM terApaMthI taMta // sevaga kA yaha dohA zIghra prasArita ho gyaa| terApaMtha nAma sunakara eka bAra bhIkhaNa jI cauMke, phira ciMtanapUrvaka svIkAra karate hue vaMdana-mudrA meM bola uThe-- "he prabho ! yaha terA paMtha"" yAnI terA paMtha--prabhu kA paMtha, sabakA paMtha / isakI tAttvika vyAkhyA karate hue unhoMne kahA-jisa paMtha ke sAdhu pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti ina teraha niyamoM kA pAlana kareM, vaha terApaMtha hai| svataH hI saMgha bana gayA, usakA vidhivat nAmakaraNa ho gyaa| ASAr3ha zuklA pUrNimA ke dina muni bhIkhaNa jo Adi sAdhuoM ne naI dIkSA grahaNa kii| AcArya bhikSu ke prati cAroM ora virodha kA vAtAvaraNa thA / eka bAra kelavA meM unheM Thaharane ko sthAna nahIM milaa| logoM ne 'andherI orI' kA rAstA btaayaa|" bhIkhaNa jI vahIM Thahara gaye / vaha sthAna bar3A bhayAvaha thaa| yakSa kA bar3A upadrava thaa| usa rAta yakSadeva ne kaThina parIkSA lI, para bhIkhaNa jI aprakampa rahe aDola rahe / rAta bItI / unheM jIvita dekha logoM meM Azcarya kA pArAvAra na rahA / vahA~ ke ThAkura sahita pUrA gA~va terApaMthI bana gayA / 12 lagatA hai yahIM se ve svAmI jI ke nAma se prasiddha ho gye| jIvana bhara saMghoM kI kasauTI para kasate-kasate ve kundana bana nikhara utthe| ve eka krAMtikArI yuga-puruSa the| usa samaya dharma-guruoM aura dhArmika logoM ne dharma ko jAti, varga, sampradAya aura kriyAkAMDoM meM ulajhA diyA thaa| AcArya bhikSu ne prativAda karate hue kahA--"dharma vyApaka tattva hai use jAti, sampradAya kI sImAoM meM kyoM bA~dhA jaae|" dharma ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue unhoMne kahA 0 satpravRtti dharma hai, asatpravRtti pApa hai| 0 tyAga dharma hai, bhoga pApa hai| 0 saMyama dharma hai, asaMyama pApa hai / dharma kI ye paribhASAeM apane Apa meM nirvivAda va sAra yukta haiN| AcArya bhikSa kevala sAdhaka, dharma-saMgha ke saMsthApaka, pracAraka aura anuzAsaka hI nahIM the, ve apane yuga ke utkRSTa sAhityakAra, Azukavi bhI the| unhoMne apane jIvana meM ar3atAlIsa hajAra padya pariNAma granthoM kI racanA kI / gItakAra ne eka padya meM usakA ullekha kiyA hai nava padArtha, anukampA, zraddhA''cAra vratAvrata caupAI vArahavrata, nikSepa, vinIta, vipula sAhitya par3ho bhAI ! ho santAM ! bhikkhU-dRSTAMta to hiyar3e ro hAra ho /

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terApaMtha prabodha-eka adhyayana 197 likhI zIla rI bAr3a, rAsa TAlokara ekala rI DhAlAM Agama rA AkhyAna, thokar3A sAvadhAna ho saMbhAlA, ho santAM ! apaNa juga rA sarvottama sirajaNahAra ho|" ve zrama ke devatA aura anuzAsana ke adhiSThAtA the isI bAta ko prakAzita karatI haiM ye paMktiyA~...' jIvana bhara yAyAvara svAmI.... .... 14 pratidina vyAkhyAna gocarI zrama sahacAra ho.. ... antima samaya meM AcArya bhikSu ko avadhijJAna ho gayA thaa| sAta prahara ke anazana ke sAtha unhoMne paMDita maraNa kA varaNa kiyA / vivecya gIta bhavya jIvoM ke lie saMsAra saMtaraNa-samartha naukA ke samAna hai / jIva mAtra ko sAMsArika bhogoM evaM bhayaMkara kaSToM se uparamita kara dharma-mArga meM pratiSThApana evaM nirvANa-zAzvata ziva kI prApti hI isakA uddezya hai / 'khulagyo antaHsphuraNA ro abhinava dvAra ho' jIva jagat ke antadvAra kA udghATana hI kavi ko abhipreta hai| jo kAvya kI sundaratA kA saMvardhana kare, sajAe use alaMkAra kahate haiM / kavi ne sthAna-sthAna para upamA, rUpaka, parikara evaM svabhAvokti Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai| bAlaka bhIkhaNa ke janma ke svAbhAvika varNana meM svabhAvokti alaMkAra dhvanita ho rahA hai| rAjasthAna gAma kaMTAliya ASADhI terasa AI, ballu zA dIpAM ghara jAyo putra phalI hai puNyAI / / 6 abhiprAya yukta vizeSaNoM ke mAdhyama se gItakAra ne parikAra alaMkAra kA samIcIna prayoya kiyA hai| maghavAgaNI ke varNana meM -Atma-vijetA navanaciketA vItarAga rI baangii....| isI prakAra AcArya bhikSu ke vyaktitva ko ujAgara karane hetu carcAvAdI kuzala prazAsaka mImAMsaka saMgAyaka ho"..." / anukUla rasoM kI puna:-punaH AvRtti anuprAsa alaMkAra kA lakSaNa hai| terApaMtha prabodha meM aneka sthaloM para anuprAsa kI suramya chaTA gIta ke saundarya kI abhivRddhi kara rahI hai yathA sasurAla sahacarI saubhAgaNa sugaNI bAI 14 jAgI jAgaraNA jANyo jaga nissAra ho nirmala nirmAyI nizchala nirahaMkAra ho 10 prastuta gIta meM upamAna aura upameya kA sAmya aneka bAra upamA alaMkAra kA utkRSTa namUnA bana par3A hai|| gIta ke prArambha meM-"marudhara rA maMdAra ho' ke dvArA AcArya bhikSu ko upamita kiyA gayA hai|

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198 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna rAjaRSi jI ke varNana meM camakyA sUraja-sA bhaikSapa-gaNa gigatAra ho, jIvana jIyo baNa jyotirmaya aMgAra ho, upamAna aura upameya meM abheda vaNita karate hue kAmadhenu hai vizva bhAratI....21 kanakaprabhA kesara kyArI...23 ukta kathana rUpaka alaMkAra ke nidarzana haiN| kathAoM meM kathotpraroha kI bhAMti gItotpraroha kI zailI isa gIta kI apanI vizeSatA hai / mUla gIta ke pravAha ke sAtha teraha itara gItoM kA samAveza huA hai jo isa gIta ke pravAha ko avarUddha nahIM karate apitu use gati hI pradAna karate haiM / ye teraha gIta terApaMtha AcArya bhikSu Adi se saMbaMdhita haiN| bhakti-rasa kA pipAsu jaba terApaMtha prabodha ke pravAha meM bahatA hai taba bIca bIca meM 'rU rUM meM sAMvariyo basiyo', 'prabho! yaha terApaMtha mahAna', 'ghaNA suhAo mAtA dIpAM jI rA jAyA', 'svAmIjI thArI sAdhanA rI meru sI u~cAI' jaise gIta rAginiyoM ke parivartana kI dRSTi se gAyaka va zrotA donoM ko bhAMtibhAMti ke vyaJjana ke samAna pratIta hote haiN| kavi ne mUla gIta meM anya gItoM kA saMketa mAtra kiyA hai jo isa gIta-guladaste meM khile raMga-biraMge phUloM kI taraha isakI zobhA ko pravardhamAna banA rahe haiN| Agama kavi kA AdhAra hai| ataH Agamika sUktoM kA sahaja avataraNa gIta meM eka nayA Aloka bhara rahA hai| pramAda kI ghumAvadAra ghATiyoM meM 'samayaM goyama mA payAyae' kA pratibodha apramattatA kA divya dIpaka hai| isI prakAra 'lAbhAlAbhe suhe duhe jINe maraNe meM sama rahaNo' jaise sUkta se samatva kA sampreSaNa pAThaka ke mana meM hotA rahatA hai| yathAsthAna lokoktiyA~ va kahAvatoM kA bhI upayoga huA hai / bhIkhaNa jI ke vyaktitva meM bacapana se hI mahApuruSa ke lakSaNa pratibimbita ho rahe hai-'honahAra viruvAna cIkaNA-pAta, isa bAta kA sAkSI hai 'kara kaMgaNa AMkhyAM syUM dIkhai phiraka karasI ArasI' Adi kahAvateM gIta ko samRddha banA rahI haiN| ___ kavi svatantra hotA hai / vaha bhASAoM ke Agraha meM nahIM bNdhtaa| rAjasthAnI bhASA meM race isa gIta meM saskRta, hindI, gujarAtI, urdU aura aMgrejI bhASA ke zabda prayukta haiM / AcArya zrI tulasI kI yaha udAra manovRtti bhASAyI Agraha kI dIvAra ko lA~ghakara bhAvoM ko eka nayA kSitija pradAna kara rahI hai| hara bhASA ke zabda pAnaka rasavata eka nayA miThAsa, eka nayA AsvAdana paidA kara raheM haiM / ikarAra, takarAra, kAphilo, jurmAnoM jaise urdU zabda evaM mUDa, sIna aura yunivarsiTi jaise aMgrejI zabda agadaMkAra, Amaya, adhi devatA, abhiniSkramaNa, adhyAtmataMtra jaise hindI ke zabda evaM khatarI, ArasI

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terApaMtha prabodha-eka adhyayana 199 gAdI, ThAvo, savAre, saMbhAra jaise gujarAtI zabdoM kA samAveza huA hai, vahIM TheTha rAjasthAnI ke kucha zabda gIta kI prabhAvotpAdakatA ko sambaddhita hote haiM---uNAyata, pagaphero, thokar3A, negacAra, khalatA khor3a, sio-dAo Adi / aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI isa gIta kA mAhatmya hai| prathama padya meM AcArya bhikSu kA janma "satarai sai tayAsI saMvataM sukhakAra ho..." se prAraMbha kara 'aTThArai satarai syaM battIsa laga viSama bagata bItyo...' 'aTThAra tepana meM dIkSA saMskAra"" guNasaTTha mA-suda sAtama aMtima maryAdA patra hai...'AcArya bhikSu ke jIvana bhara kI samasta mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa vikrama saMvat ke mAdhyama se batAte hue aitihAsika dRSTi se kAlakrama kA satyApana kiyA gayA hai / isa gIta meM terApaMtha kI pUrI paTTAvalI, samasta sAdhvI pramukhAoM kA nAmAMkana, hemarAja svAmI kA mUlyAMkana aura sAtha meM AcArya tulasI yuga kI dena aNuvrata, prekSAdhyAna, jIvana vijJAna, Agama-saMpadA, sAhitya sRjana, jaina vizva bhAratI, pAramArthika-zikSaNa-saMsthA, samaNa zreNI, jaina vizva bhAratI mAnya vizvavidyAlaya Adi kI carcA hai / AcArya tulasI dvArA saMpAdita, prerita sarvajana-hitAya sarva-jana-sukhAya kAryoM kI saMkSipta jhalaka ajAne mAnasa ko jijJAsu banA detI hai vahI paricita vyakti ko pUrI aitihAsika yAtrA karavA detI hai| gItakAra ne gIta ke mAdhyama se saMskRti kI abhivyakti dI hai| isameM zramaNa saMskRti kA bhAvapUrNa aura yathA citraNa huA hai| sAtha hI darzana aura AcAra kI paramparAoM kA samucita ullekha isa kRti kA vaiziSTya hai / naya nikSepa, dharma, ahiMsA, sApekSavAda, sAdhya-sAdhana jaise zabdoM se dArzanika avadhAraNAoM para svata: prakAza par3a rahA hai| kavi ne kahIM saMkSepa ruci ko apanAyA hai to kahIM vistAra ruci ko sthAna diyA hai / pUrI ghaTanA kA sAra saMkSepa 'paga-paga para loga lagAsyUM thArai lAra ho "mara pUrA desyAM, "pAlI ghI, ghI sahita ghATa lI, zera guphA meM hI janameM ye saba samAsa zailI ke utkRSTa udAharaNa haiM / AcArya bhikSu kA janma, vivAha, vairAgya, dIkSA ke pazcAt kathanI-karanI ko dekha uThane vAlA antaradvandva tathA hemarAjajI svAmI kI dIkSA kA varNana vyAsa zailI kA udAharaNa hai| __ saMkSipta meM terApaMtha-prabodha eka zrRMkhalA baddha itihAsa hai jisameM saMsmaraNoM kI miThAsa hai, saiddhAMtika sAra hai, zraddhA kA upahAra hai| saMdarbha: 1. terApaMtha-prabodha-sampAdikA, mahAzramaNI sAdhvI pramukhA kanakaprabhA, padya sa. 1

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200 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna * * * 2. vahI padya sa03 3. vahI padya sa0 3 4. vahI padya sa06 padya sa0 10 6. ,, 23 7. , 26 saMkhyA 54 9. , padya saMkhyA 35 , pR0 saMkhyA 55 ,, padya saMkhyA 36 0 ,, 70-71 14. / / 73 15. ,, 77 mm 17. , 72 18. ,, 05 20. , 107 21. , 122 22. ,, 117

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terApantha kA rAjasthAnI prabaMdha-kAvya sAhitya ko 'samAja kA darpaNa', 'jIvana kI vyAkhyA', 'mAnavIya cittavRttiyoM kA pratibimba' evaM jIvana kI anukRti jaise abhidhAnoM se saMjJAyita kiyA jAtA rahA hai / sAhitya kI racanA meM jahA~ sAhityakAra kI sRjanAtmaka kalpanA, zilpa aura manasa-tattva kriyAzIla hote haiM vahIM prANatattva kI puSTi samAja aura usa kAla vizeSa ke Akalana tathA prabhAva dvArA hotA hai / sAhitya aura jIvana jala aura vIci tathA vAk aura artha kI bhA~ti sampRkta hote haiM / hamAre jIvana kA lekhA-jokhA kalAtmaka mudrA meM sAhitya meM vidyamAna rahatA hai / utkRSTa sAhitya kI kasauTI bhI yahI hai ki vaha deza, jAti aura kAla se anuprANita hote hue bhI sArvakAlika, jIvana-mUlyoM kI prasthApanA kare / vastutaH sAhityakAra ke vyaktitva aura samAja ko svatantra hokara nahIM dekhA jA sakatA | sAhitya saMsAra ke prati hamAre bhAvoM aura vicAroM kI prabhAvapUrNa zAbdika abhivyakti hai / saMvedanazIla hRdayoM kI Avega saMkulatA evaM anubhUti - pravaNa - chaviyA~ bahuvidha abhivyakta hotI haiM / krauMcavadha kI sAmAnya sI ghaTanA ne Adi kavi vAlmIki ke jIvana ke eka bhAva vindu ko mahAkAvya ke mahArNava meM parivartita karane kI preraNA dii| isI mahArNava kI rasArNava meM pariNati 'rAmacarita mAnasa' (tulasI) meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / 'meghadUta' meM kAlidAsa kA gItAtmaka udreka khaNDakAvya ke rUpa meM baha nikalA to kabIra, sUra aura tatpazcAt bihArI - ghanAnaMda ne saMvedanA kI abhivyaMjanA jIvanAnubhavoM se jur3e sandarbhoM meM muktaka ke antargata kI / vastutaH ye tInoM abhivyaMjanAeM jIvana ke pUrNa yA khaNDa yA kSaNika svarUpa ko rekhAMkita karatI haiM / isI svarUpa vyaMjanA ko dRSTigata karate hue sAhitya zAstriyoM aura manISiyoM ne kAvya ke tIna bheda kie - prathama prabandha kAvya, dvitIya muktaka kAvya tathA tRtIya campU kAvya / DaoN0 umAkAMta kAvya ke kathita tInoM hI bhedoM meM prabandha kAvya kI mahattA sarvopari svIkArI gaI hai / 'rAmAyaNa', 'mahAbhArata', 'paumacariu', 'pRthvIrAja rAso', 'padmAvata', 'rAmacarita mAnasa', 'sAketa', 'kAmAyanI', 'urvazI', 'aMdhAyuga', 'kanupriyA', 'saMzaya kI eka rAta' tathA hindUyettara mahAkAvyoM meM pairADAija - laoNsTa, 'AilDasa oNpha da kiMga', soharAba eMDa rUstama', 'lAiTa oNpha da eziyA' Adi ko rekhAMkita kie jAne tathA mAnava jIvana kI vikAsa yAtrA meM 'zIla

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202 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna kA stambha' kahe jAne kI pRSThabhUmi meM apane samaya aura jIvana kI suspaSTa, subodha, vyApaka evaM jIvanta citrAMkana zakti hI kriyAzIla hai| rasaparipAka jitanA prabandha-kAvyoM meM sambhava hai, utanA anya kisI kAvya rUpa meM nahIM / prabandha kA artha hai-bandha sahita arthAt jisa kAvya meM zRMkhalAbaddha rUpa meM vastu-varNana ho / prabandha meM kathA kI apekSA rahatI hai, aura vividha kathAoM kI zRMkhalA-baddhatA kA rUpa usameM AdyAMta dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha 'zRMkhalA-baddhatA' pUrvApara sApekSa hotI hai| racanAkAra kI dRSTi aura ciMtana prabandha kI vizeSatA rahatI hai / jIvana ke citraNa ke svarUpa ko lekara samIkSakoM ne prabandha kAvya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai--prathama-mahAkAvya, dvitIyakhaMDa kAvya / mahAkAvya vaha mahata kAvya rUpa hai jisameM vyApaka kathAnaka, virATa caritra kalpanA, gambhIra abhivyaMjanA zailI, viziSTa zilpa vidhi aura mAnavatAvAdI jIvana dRSTi se usakA racayitA yuga jIvana ke unnata bodha ko sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi para pratiphalita karatA hai| zreSTha mahAkAvya kI racanA mAnavatA ke maMgalamaya AkhyAna aura loka mAnasa kI cetanA ke Akalana kA sAMskRtika prayAsa hotI hai|' khaNDa kAvya jIvana khaMDa kA apane meM pUrNa citra hotA hai| isameM jIvana ke kisI eka mArmika pahalU kI anubhUtimaya vyaMjanA hotI hai / jIvana ke khaNDa kA bodha mAtra kavi ke hRdaya meM nahIM hotA, pratyuta usakA samanvita prabhAva usake hRdaya para par3atA hai| taba preraNA ke bala para jo rUpa khar3A hotA hai vaha khaMDa kAvya kahalAtA hai| mahAkAvya meM jahA~ sargabaddhatA, loka prakhyAta kathAnaka, udAtta pAtra, sRSTi aura bhASA kA AbhijAtya anivArya hai vahIM khaMDa kAvya meM loka prakhyAta kI zarta anivAryatA ke sAtha nahIM jur3I hai / sargabaddhatA bhI usake lie mAnaka nahIM hai / jIvana ke samasta utkarSa-vikarSa kA varNana bhI usake lie jarUrI nhiiN| apane choTe se kalevara meM uddezya kI garimA kA nirvahana va citraNa usameM rocakatA ke sAtha hotA hai| agale pRSThoM meM isI pRSThabhUmi meM terApantha ke rAjasthAnI prabandha-kAvyoM ko parakhane aura kucha niSkarSa nikAlane kA vinamra prayatna kruuNgaa| rAjasthAnI prabandha-kAvya paramparA-- vizva kI anyAnya bhASAoM kI bhAMti rAjasthAnI bhASA meM prabandha kAvyoM kI Avarala paramparA prabahamAna rahI hai / rAjasthAnI ke prabandha kAvyoM kI mahattA kA bhAsa isI tathya se laga jAtA hai ki hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa ke AdikAla kA mahatvAMkana aura vizleSaNa jina prabandha kRtiyoM se kiyA jAtA hai ve rAjasthAnI bhASA kI hI haiN| unameM mAnava jIvana ke aneka pahaluoM ko chUne aura use vividha dRSTi-binduoM se AMkane kA prayAsa huA hai|

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI prabaMdha-kAvya 203 ina prabandha kAvyoM kI eka pramukha pravRtti vIra-bhAvanA kI rahI hai| vIratva to jaise rAjasthAnI mATI ke kaNa-kaNa meM samAyA hai| yahA~ eka se eka vikaTa yoddhAoM ne janma liyA aura unake advitIya zaurya ko aMkita kara unakI yazakIti ko amara kara dene vAle kAvyoM kI racanA kaviyoM ne kii| AdikAla kI pahacAna 'pRthvIrAja rAso' isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai / 'hammIra rAso' isI zRMkhalA kI anya mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| paMcama veda se saMjJAyita 'pRthvIrAja rAThaur3a kI' 'beli kRSNa rUkmaNI rI' ne to rAjasthAnI ke prabandha-kAvyoM kI paramparA ko ho sampanna nahIM kiyA apitu rAjasthAnI bhASA kI garimA ko bhI dviguNita kiyA hai / isa kRti ko vizva vAGmaya meM bhI samAna rUpeNa Adara prApta huA hai| 'DholA mArU rA dUhA' aura 'mAghavAnala kAmakandalA' prema kAvya paramparA kI vaMdanIya kRtiyA~ haiM jinhoMne ADambara, rUr3hi aura sAyAsa zilpa saMracanA ke camatkAra se dUra raha kara zuddha hRdayocchvAsa ko sthAnIya raMga me sikta kara bimbAyita kiyA hai| hara jI ro vyAvaloM zRMgAra aura vIra rasa kI samanvita hRdayagrAhya vyaMjanA pUrNa prabandha kAvya kRti hai / isI paramparA meM Adhunika kAla meM bhI prabandha-kAvyoM kA racanA pravAha vidyamAna hai| inake mAdhyama se racanAkAroM ne vartamAna kA kalAtmaka lekhA purAkhyAnaka mudrA meM prastuta kiyA hai| paurANika, dhArmika, aitihAsika evaM loka gAthAeM Adhunika prabandha kAvya kRtiyoM kI kathAdhAra banI hai, kiMtu yuga kI prakhara AvAja ina kRtiyoM ko prAsaMgika banAtI hai| DA0 manohara zarmA kRta 'kuMjo', paMchI, 'maravaNa', 'amara phala', aMtarajAmI, zrI satyaprakAza jozI kRta-rAdhA, kAnhamaharSikRta-marumayaMka, vizvanAtha vimalezakRtarAmakathA, giradhArI siMha parihArakRta mAnakho evaM karaNIdAna bArahaThakRta zakuMtalA nAmnI kRtiyA~ isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya evaM cacita rahI haiN| terApantha kA rAjasthAnI prabandha kAvya rAjasthAna ke cAraNa kaviyoM ne jahA~ eka ora apanI mAtRbhUmimUrti ke kara-kamala meM talavAra aura dUsare meM vINA samarpita kI, vahA~ dUsarI ora dharmaniSTha jaina sAhityakAroM ne mA~ ke varadahasta ko ahiMsA evaM zAMti kI pIyUSarSiNI dhArA meM abhisiMcita kiyaa| inameM terApantha ke AcArya sAhityakAroM kA yogadAna avismaraNIya hai| samAja aura saMskRti ko nUtana daSTidhArA se jor3ane ke sAtha-sAtha isa paMtha ke AcAryoM ne sAhitya kI vividha vidhAoM meM apanI lekhanI kA saphala prayoga kiyA tathA aisI racanAeM sarasvatI ke bhaMDAra ko arpita kI, jo yugoM-yugoM taka satpreraNA kA divya prakAza phailAtI rheNgii| Agamika, tAttvika evaM dArzanika kRtiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha AkhyAnAtmaka, jIvana carita evaM muktakagIta Adi vibhinna vidhAoM ko samRddha aura

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204 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna sampanna karane meM apanA yogadAna diyaa| paMtha ke pravartaka AcArya zrI bhIkhaNa jI se AcArya zrI tulasI taka sAhitya-sRjana kI ajasradhArA nirantara pravahamAna hai| paMtha ke prathama AcArya zrI bhIkhaNa jI aura AcAryazrI tulasI kI kAvyasAdhanA prabandha kAvyoM ke kSetra meM bhI pratiphalita huI hai| AcAryazrI bhIkhaNa jI kRta draupadI ro bakhANa, jaMbUkumAra carita, evaM sudarzana carita (khaMDa kAvya), bharata carita (mahAkAvya) tathA AcAryazrI tulaso kRta 'kAlUyazovilAsa' isa AdAna kI samIcInakRtiyA~ haiN| samIkSya kRtiyoM meM Agamika kathAoM kA punarAkhyAna aura carita gAyana hI nahIM hai apitu darzana-AdhyAtma evaM loka vyavahAra ke vibhinna sandarbho kA utkIrNana ina kRtiyoM kI nijaNI nikhAlI vizeSatA hai, jo ina kRtiyoM ko garimApUrNa svarUpa detA hai| mAnava jIvana tathA samAja evaM ciMtana tathA anubhUti kA sAMgopAMga citraNa jina racanA meM hotA hai vaha janamAnasa kA kaNThahAra banatI hai| AcAryazrI bhIkhaNa tathA AcAryazrI tulasI ke samasta sAhitya-sAgara meM anubhUti kI vIciyA~ cintana kI agAdha jala rAzi para vartana karatI dekhI jA sakatI haiM / Alocya prabandha kAvyoM meM jahA~ anubhUti kI vividhonmukhI dizAeM evaM dArzanika vyutpattiyA~ vidyamAna haiM, vahIM samAja meM gaharI saMsikti bhI vidyamAna hai| eka ora jahA~ ina kRtiyoM meM AdhyAtmika AhlAda kI laharoM kA sRjana huA hai, vahI inameM vidyamAna saMvedanA evaM abhivyakti ke stara ise uccakoTi ke sAhitya kI zrRMkhalA meM sthApita karate haiN| Alocya kRtiyA~ tyAgI, taparavI evaM samarpita vyaktitvoM evaM unase jur3e kAla kA sajIva bodha karAtI haiM, vahIM jaina darzana ke cintana-vyavahAra meM avataraNA kI jIvanta gAthA prastuta karatI haiN| yahI ina kRtiyoM kI sRjana-preraNA kA prasthAna bindu hai / isa dRSTi se ye rAjasthAnI ko terApantha kA viziSTa AdAna bhI hai| isa krama meM terApantha ke rAjasthAnI prabandha kAvya-katiyoM kA paricayAtmaka vivecana samIcIna hogaa| bharata carita ___ 'bharata carita' terApantha ke prathama AcArya bhIkhaNa jo dvArA racita hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita samIkSya kAvya kRti kI kathAvastu kA AdhAra aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi se cayanita hai tathA jaina samAja meM cira-paricita hai| 74 DhAloM meM sugumphita kathA 'jambUdvIpapannati sUtra' se cunI gaI hai / mahAkAvya ke paramparAgata svarUpa evaM lakSaNoM kI pUrti yadyapi yaha kRti nahIM karatI kintu usameM vaNita bharata ke jIvana kI jIvaMta kathA loka prakhyAta kathAnaka para AdhArita hai| RSabhadeva bAhabali tathA anya sau bhAIyoM kI saha kathAoM ke sAtha bharata kI vIratApUrNa vijayoM aura cakravartI samrAT banane kI kathA kA

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terApantha kA rAjasthAnI prabandha-kAvya tAnA-bAnA bunA gayA hai / rAjasthAnI kAvya-paramparA meM vIra rasa kI adabhuta abhivyaMjanA eka anUThI vizeSatA hai use bharata carita meM bhalI bhAMti dekhA jA sakatA hai / eka bAnagI prastuta hai sIMhanAda jyU bole sUrA re, te to harSa vinoda me pUrA ghor3A kara rahyA che hI sArA re, tyAMrA zabda lAgA hai pyArA / hastI gula julATa karatA re, te ambara jema bAjaMtA' ratha kare rahyA ghaNA ghaNAro re, tyAMrA aneka miliyA chai thAro vAjA vividha prakAra na bAre re, jANe AkAze aMbara gAjai rUr3A rUr3A zabda pracaMje re, te pUrato cAle brahmaMDo bala vAhaNa samudAya che vRndoM re, tiNa sahita cAle nariMdo / yuddha jo eka cirantana samasyA hai, mAnatratA yuddha kI samasyA se AkrAMta rahatI hai / yuddha kI samasyA kA nidAna kyA ho ? yuddha kA dAyitva kisakA ? kyoM sattA - zIrSa para baiThe logoM ke vyaktigata svArtha aura ahaM ke kAraNa Ama jana ko yuddha kI hiMsA ko bhugatanA par3atA hai ? zAMti kI sthApanA ke lie kyA kiyA jAe ? jaise prazna jo kAvya kI sRjana preraNA ke kAraNa samAdhAna kA saMdhAna ke sAtha-sAtha samIkSya kRti kA mahat uddezya bhI haiM - rAja kIjo jIto jiko, hUM bhadasU thAMrI sAkha bIjA anedA lokAM bhaNI, kAMya marAvo anhAkha / 205 athavA svAmI RSabhadeva ke mukha se dilavAyA gayA yaha kathana bhI kathita sandarbhoM kI puSTi karatA hai prati bUjho re, mheM thAne dIdho rAja tiNa rAja sU kAja sIke, prati bUjho re / khosyo jAya rAja, te rAja na diyo thAMne sahI / khosyo jAya rAja, te rAjana jANo ApaNo / sattA lolupoM ke prati yaha prahAra racanA ko prAsaMgika bhI banAtA hai / jaba taka rAjya ko apanI nijI mahatvAkA~kSAoM kI pUrti kA sAdhana mAneMge taba taka hiMsA kA krama calatA rahegA / binA lobha lAlaca aura ahaM pratiropaNa ke loka kalyANa kI ora unmukha honA cAhie, mAnavIya kartavyoM kA pAlana kiyA jAnA cAhie / isa kathya ko kavi ne dArzanika vyaMjanA dete hue likhA hai tana dhana se parivAra, ihAM kA ihAM rahasI sahI parabhava nAve lAra, tyAsU garaja sare nahIM

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206 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna parahar3e sagA ne seNa, parahar3e saMciyo dhana hAtha ro baMdhava kriyA ne pUta, nahiM parahar3e dharma jagannAtha ro indrI viSaya kaSAya, ra abhitara momiyA basa karo meTo tRSNA lAya, sumatA rasa citta meM dhro| 'bharata carita' caritra pradhAna kAvya hai| yadyapi kavi kA kauzala adhiza : prasaMgodabhAvana meM hai tathApi caritra vizleSaNa dvArA kathAnaka kA vistAra kathitarUpa se adhika huA hai| yoM kahA jAe ki 'bharata carita' caritra pradhAna kathA sRSTi hai to atizayokti na hogii| bharata (pramukha pAtra) ke sAtha bAhubali, RSabhadeva kA bhI caritrAMkana huA hai| caritrAMkana kA vaiziSTya isameM hai ki yaha prasaMgAnukUla hai kintu sImA yaha hai ki sapATa bayAnI jo saprayojana hai / sahaja sampreSaNIyatA, mahAkAvyocita garimA kA saMspaza nahIM kara paatii| zilpa ke stara para bhASA sarala rAjasthAnI hai aura yaha bAta kRti ke pAThaka kI soca aura samajha se racanAkAra ke sRjana anubhavoM ko sahajatA se ekAkAra karAtI hai jo kavi zrI bhIkha Na kA abhipreta bhI hai| udAharaNArtha eka bAnagI prastuta hai -- punna to sukha cha saMsAranA, mokha lekhe sukha cha nAMhi jyAM mokha taNA olakhyA, te rIjhe nahIM iNa mAMhi / yA kAma bhoga sU karasI prIta, bA~dhe karma rAsa ne jI te hosI cihU gati mAheM phajIta, parayA moha phasa meM jI yA kAma bhoga moha karma roga, te piNa nahIM sAsatA jI tiNa sU chor3a do kAMma ne bhoga, rAkho dharma AsatA jii| vastuta: kavi kA prayAsa zilpa ke camatkAra ke lie kriyAzIla na hokara jaina siddhAMta aura yuga-cintana ke sahaja saMpreSaNa ke lie rahA hai| isI kAraNa 'bharata carita' mahAkAvya hai| una arthoM meM to nahIM jinakA bakhAna sAhitya zAstra kI paramparAgata mAnyatAeM karatI haiM, balki loka prakhyAta kathAnaka, mUlyaparaka dArzanika cintana kI anviti aura udAtta caritra sRSTi ke kAraNa ise mahAkAvya kahane meM koI vipratipatti nahIM honI caahie|

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI prabandha-kAvya 207 kAlayazovilAsa-- terApantha ke sAhityika avadAna kI mahatI zRMkhalA kA dvitIya puSpa hai mahAkAvya 'kaalyshovilaas'| utkarSa kAla ke utkRSTa kAvyoM meM AcArya tulasI kI prathama kAvya kRti 'kAlayazovilAsa' kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA kI avaruddha dhArA ko yogadAna dene vAlA prastuta kAvya 'mahAkAvya' kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / DA0 brajanArAyaNa purohita kA yaha kathana samIkSya kRti kI mahattA evaM sAmarthya ko spaSTataH rekhAMkita karatA hai ki yuga puruSa kAlUgaNI ke jIvana caritra para AdhArita yaha kRti kavi AcAryazrI tulasI kI sUkSma paryavekSaNA-zakti aura racanA medhA kA jIvaMta pramANa hai| racanAkAra ne caturtha ullAsa (kAlUyazovilAsa kA kathA vitAna 'SaSTha ullAsa' meM bunA gayA hai jo ATha sargoM kI zAstrIya lakSaNa mAnyatA ko tor3atA hai kintu racanA meM kathA kI sugumphitatA aura loka prakhyAta kathAnaka ke lakSaNa pUrti ke kAraNa yaha bemAnI hai) meM kRti kI sRjana preraNA spaSTataH ghoSita kI hai-- saubhAgyAya zivAya vighnavitatemeMdAya paMkacchide, AnandahitAya vibhramazata-dhvaMsAya saukhyAya ca / zrI zrI kAlUyazovilAsa vimalollAsasturIyo uGakaM sampannaH satataM satAM guNamatA bhUyAcciraM bhUtaye / svAntaH sukhAya meM parAntaH sukhAya kI yaha yAtrA kAlUyazovilAsakAra ko mAnasakAra tulasI kI svAntaH sukhAya raghunAtha gAthA........... kI bhAvanA ke samakakSa le jAtI hai| isa samIkSya kRti ke carita nAyaka paMtha ke aSTama AcArya kAlagaNI Adarza guNoM se yukta dhIrodAtta nAyaka haiN| kavi (jo kAvya nAyaka ke ati nikaTa rahA hai) ne aitihAsikatA kA pUrNa pAlana karate hue ghaTanAoM kA yathArthataH citraNa yuga-sandarbho meM kiyA hai| kAlUgaNI ke AMtarika guNa vaiziSTya aura kavi AcAryazrI tulasI ko kAvyakSamatA kI eka bAnagI draSTavya hai gura maghavA suragamana lakha, kAlU dila sukumAra, bhArI viraha vikhinna jyU, kRSi bala bina jaladhAra / palaka-palaka prabhu mukha vayaNa, smaraNa samIraNa lAga, chalaka chalaka chalakaNa lagyo, kAlU hRdaya taDAga / yA manar3o lAgyo re citar3o lAgyo re khiNa khiNa sumarU guru / thAro upagAra re

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna kiyAM visarAU mhArAM hivar3e rA hAra nehar3atA rI rI kyArI ro mhArI roke AdhAra re sUmyo so to jo hakaloto sUno so saMsAra / isa prakAra ghaTanAoM ke mAdhyama se pAtroM kI caritra vizeSatAoM kA udghATana jahA~ nATakIyatA utpanna karatA hai vahIM kavi kI kSamatA bhI udbhAsita hotI hai| kAlayazovilAsa navIna zilpa vaibhava ke sAtha racanAkAra kI jIvana dRSTi ko sahaja aura AtmIya prastuti detI hai / apanI anubhUtiyoM ko vyaMjita karane hetu racanAkAra ne rAjasthAnI bhASA ko apanAyA hai| muhAvaredAra AlaMkArika prayoga kathya ko sampreSaNIya banAtA haidayA dAna re nAveM cAle soSaNa dharma sadAna meM, mAraga mithyA marama ro cIMTayA rai bila cUna, cUsai khUna mAnavatA ro re ___ jar3atA mArI jagata meM / eraNa corI, sUI dAna, ar3Ike svarga kinAro re dekho bhagatI bhagata re meM / lokottara laukika dharamAM ne eka hI rUpa pichA? re tANe khIMcAtANa syU ghI tambAkU mela milAvai mailI akala aDANa re mUrakha apanI bANa syuu| yugabodha kI itanI sahaja abhivyakti bhASA sAmarthya kA to udAharaNa hai, sAtha hI racanA uddezya kI mahAkAvyocita garimA kA saMsparza bhI isameM draSTavya hai| saMskRtaniSTha tatsama zabdAvalI ne jahA~ artha gAMbhIrya utpanna kiyA hai vahIM tadbhava aura dezaja zabdAvalI racanA ko sampreSaNIya banAtI hai| sargAnta chaMda vaividhya racanA zilpa vaiziSTya ke sAtha paramparAgata lakSaNoM kI pUrti kA bhI pramANa banA hai| rAjasthAnI kI parAgaMdha se suvAsita prakRti citra samIkSya kRti kI anyAnya vizeSatA hai . rAjasthAna kI bhISaNa aura dAruNa garmI kA yaha citra darzanIya hai 'jyeSTha mahInoM o Rtu garmIno madhyama sono ho hivai haThInoM lU hara mAlA ho ati vikarAlI bhU maI bhaTTI ho taraNI toya

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terApantha kA rAjasthAnI prabandha-kAvya reNu kaNThI ho tanu saMtApe ajina rU aThI ho bhaTTI vyApe / ' 'kAlayazovilAsa' ke mAdhyama se kavi AcArya zrI tulasI ne aise narazreSTha vyaktitva kA caritagAna kiyA hai jinakA jIvana vartamAna samaya (jisameM chadma caritra adhika hai) meM mUlyavAna naitika, maryAdita jIvana jIkara loka mAnasa ko sadaiva prerita karatA rahegA / kaSTa-sahiSNutA aura zArIrika sukha ke prati vairAgya; karuNA tathA paropakAra; sabake prati maitrI bhAva, hiMsA kA niSedha Adi ve guNa haiM jo bhAratIya saMskRti kI pratimUrti kAvya nAyaka ko siddha karate haiN| vartamAna sandarbho meM yaha abhivyakti kRti ko mahat uddezya kA saMvAhaka ghoSita karatI hai jo mahAkAvya kI aMtima kasauTI hai| dropadI ro bakhANa kAvya rUpa kI dRSTi se 'dropadI ro bakhANa' khaMDa kAvya hai| 'jJAtA sUtra' se cayanita kathAnaka samIkSya kRti kA racanAdhAra rahA hai| bhIkhaNajI kRta 'dropadI ro bakhANa' kI dropadI mahAbhArata meM varNita kathAnakoM se bhinna jaina dharma kI AsthAoM evaM lakSaNoM kI pratIka banakara varNita huI hai| dharma aura nIti arthAt satvazIla aura naya bhAratIya saMskRti ke mahatvapUrNa kimvA anivArya tatva hai / 'dropadI ro bakhANa' meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke ina sanAtana jIvana mUlyoM kA jIvaMta rUpAMkana huA hai| 33 DhAloM meM nibaddha samIkSya kAvya kI kathA meM yadyapi prabandhakAvyocita garimA kA bhAsa vidyamAna hai kintu khaMDa kAvya ke tAttvika kalevara ke nirvAha kA abhAva isameM dRSTigata hotA hai| kathAnaka meM nATakIya saMdhiyoM kA abhAva hai kintu kathAnaka loka prakhyAtatA kI anivArya zarta (jo khaMDa kAvya ke lie anivArya nahIM hai) isameM AdyAMta phailI dekhI jA sakatI hai| jIvana kA ekAMgI kimvA utkarSApakarSa vihIna citrAMkana isako khaMDakAvya kI dizA meM bar3hAtA hai| nAgazrI dvArA akhAdya tumbI zAka tapodhano dharma ruci ko denA, dharmaruci kA cITiyoM ko marate dekha prANIrakSArtha aniSTha ko rokane hetu svayaM zAka ko khA lenA phalasvarUpa svargArohaNa, nAgazrI kA sukumAlikA ke rUpa meM punarjanma, vivAha, pati dvArA parityakta honA, dIkSA, tatpazcAt kaThora tapasyA aura deha tyAga, punaH janma, dropadI ke rUpa meM pA~ca pAMDavoM se vivAha, nArada kA tiraskAra janita pratizodha, dropadI apaharaNa, yuddha, dropadI kI vApasI, dropadI kI saMyama-tapasyA aura deha tyAga, paMca pAMDavoM kI dIkSA, ve sUtra haiM jinase samIkSya kAvya kI kathA kA tAnA-bAnA bunA gayA hai / abhivyaMjanA ke stara para sahajatA aura saralatA kA

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210 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna samaMjana jahA~ bunAvaTa ko AkarSaka banAtA hai vahIM jIvana darzana ( jo jaina darzana kI ahiMsA aura satya avadhAraNA se anusyUta hai ) pAradarzI rUpa meM prastuta hotA hai | ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA kI sahaja anviti aura abhivyakti kI eka bAnagI draSTavya hai jisameM dharma ruci kA girI huI bUMdoM ko cakha lene se mRtyu ko prApta hotI cIMTiyoM ko dekhakara svayaM samasta zAka ko khA lene aura svayaM mRtyu kA varaNa kara anya prANiyoM kI rakSA kA ziva prayAsa citrita kiyA hai / bhAva aura bhASA kA saMgama dekhate hI banatA hai 'tU aura AhAra pANI pAraNo kIje, o tUM thar3o paraTha le ekata jAya ra guru no vacana suNe paraThaNa cAlyo, thau le jAya paraThayo eka bUMda mAta / tihAM kIDyA AI cIMgaTa parasaMge, tyA hajArAM game huI kIr3ayA rI ghATa / eka bUMda paraThyA italI kIDyAM mUI, kIdho AhAra I' jor3akara ( dharmaruci kA agale janma meM sukumA te sagalo paraThyA huve aMtata saMdhAra / to mone zreya nirajarA dharma heteM maMgalAI tU bA ro karaNo AhAra / Apa maratA jIva jANe neM, kar3avA tU bA ro racanAkAra ne kArya aura pariNAma ko sAtha marakara svarga prApta karanA aura nAgazrI kA duHkhada aMta likA ke rUpa meM tapasyA aura devaloka prApti, punaH dUsare janma meM dropadI ke rUpa meM tapasyA aura devaloka prApti) naitika mAnadaNDoM aura AdarzoM kI punasthApanA kA sArasvata kArya kiyA hai / yaha prasthApanA racanA ko prAsaMgika svarUpa pradAna karane kI dizA meM eka prabala bindu hai / Aja jaba sarvatra ArAjaka, AtaMkakArI hiMsAvAdI pravRttiyA~ kriyAzIla haiM, sAmAjika mUlyoM meM patana ho rahA hai sAMskRtika dhArA para coTa kI jA rahI hai, kavi kI prasthApanAe~ mahatvapUrNa haiM / yahI kRti ko paThanIya banAtA hai aura mahat uddezya ke jIvanAMtaraNa kI preraNA detA hai / jambUkumAra carita samIkSya kRti kA kendra sudharmA svAmI ke ziSya jambUkumAra kA jIvana carita hai / 'jambU painnA' se cayanita 'jambUkumAra carita' kI kathA ne 46 46 DhAloM meM kAvyAtmaka vistAra pAyA hai| isakI banAvaTa se yaha udghATita hotA hai ki isa khaNDakAvya meM nizcita vicAra darzana kI pratiSThA kA spaSTa aura sArasvata prayAsa huA hai / yaha prayAsa do prakAra se huA hai-- prathama jIvana ke zAzvata mUlyoM kI zreSThatA pratipAdita karake tathA dvitIya bhautikavAdI dRSTi

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI prabandha-kAvya 211 kA niSedha karake / adhikAMzataH racanA bhAga kAvya nAyaka jambUkumAra aura unakI ATha patniyoM ke madhya hue saMvAdoM se yukta hai| jambUkumAra meM sudharmA svAmI ke saMsarga se vairAgya jAgatA hai; mAtA-pitA isa tathya se ciMtita ho usakA vivAha ATha zreSThI kanyAoM se karavAte haiN| mAtR-bhakta jambUkumAra saubhAgya rAtri meM rAga meM na par3akara patniyoM ko satarka-sadRSTAMta evaM maMtavya se avagata karAtA hai| patniyA~ hI nahIM corI karane Ae cora prabhava kA mana bhI vItarAgI ho uThatA hai| yahI nahIM unake mAtA-pitA bhI sAtha hI dIkSita ho jAte haiM / jambU svAmI sAdhanA se kaivalya prApta karate haiM / pravAha evaM gaMbhIratA kathAnaka kI vizeSatA hai| yahA~ kathAnaka meM vaiziSTya evaM jIvanAdarza sambandhI prasthApanAoM kI mahattA ko rekhAMkita na karake zilpagata kauzala kI par3atAla karanA cAhU~gA, jo bhIkhaNajI kI sRjana sAmarthya kA bhI darpaNa hai tathA racanA kI saphalatA kA eka mahatvapUrNa AdhAra bhI hai / 'jambUkumAra carita' para dRSTipAta kareM to sarvaprathama hamArA dhyAna prastuti pakSa para jAtA hai| saMvAda meM saMvAda ko yojanA isa prastuti kA AdhAra hai| mUla rUpa meM rAjA zreNika aura unakI patnI rAnI celaNA ke vIra svAmI (vardhamAna) dvArA diyA gayA upadeza hai tathA jambU aura unakI AThoM patniyoM kA praznottara saMvAda jo AvaMtara kathA hai kintu uddezya kI prApti se jur3e hone ke kAraNa pramukha kathA bana gaI hai| kathA kA yaha prastutIkaraNa jahA~ kRtikAra kI racanA meM saMsikti ko hI udghATita karatA hai vahIM rocakatA meM vRddhi bhI karatA hai / saundarya kI isa razmi kA nRtya prastuti meM hI nahIM bhASA sAmarthya meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai jo abhipreta ko pUrI zakti ke sAtha vyaMjita karatA hai| bhASA ke ADambara aura kalAtmaka chadma se alaga sahaja aura kAragara prastuti kI eka bAnagI draSTavya hAthI jima che maraNa keDe jIva re, kUAjima tU janma dukha jANa naraka tiryaMca gati ajagara jisI, krodhAdika cyArU sarpa samAna bar3a sAkhA jyUM AUkho jIva ro, te dina ocho thAta mAkhI jima vyAdhi meM vedanAM, vale ora car3A cUTI jANa ghara mAMhe base tiNa jIva re, lAge aneka vidha ANa / eka uddharaNa aura dekhie jahA~ kavitA aura darzana eka ho jAte haiM, zabda aura artha Atma svarUpa ho jAte haiM o saMsArahaTa bAr3a ko melo, niza paDayAM vighar3a jAsI re lau A hija vigha tumeM tananIjANo bAra-bAra nara bhava nahIM pAsI re lo deso re AMdhA yete naaNhiiN| mAta pitAdika kuTumba kabIlo, svAratha rA sagA jANo re lo doharI viriyAM Aya par3e jaba, koI ADo na phire ANo re lo / /

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212 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna kUr3a kapaTa kara dhana melo kIdho, te piNa sAthe na Ave ro re lo tina dhana melatAM azubhakarma lAge, tiNa sU Age ghaNo dukha pAve re lo| geyAtmakatA bhIkhaNa jI ke samasta padya sAhitya kI eka ananya vizeSatA hai| vividha loka rAgoM para AdhArita gIta, jisakI paramparA aba virala hai, AMtarika laya aura usake adRzya saMgIta se pAThaka ko gahare antasthala taka chU jAtI hai| AlaMkArika sahajatA ke anAyAsa prayoga ne saMpreSaNIyatA ko aura adhika dhAradAra banAyA hai| jambUkumAra kA dUlhA rUpa meM citraNa dekhate hI banatA hai-- 'rUpa jaMbUkumAra taNo, dekhata pAyeM Ananda jANe bAdalA mAMsU nIkalyo, raja rahita pUnama ro cA~da / ' muhAvaroM kA svAbhAvika prayoga bhIkhaNa jI kI bhASA sAmarthya kI hI pahacAna karAtA hai| sAyAsa prayogoM kA abhAva kAvya ko grAhya to banAtA hI hai; rasAsvAdana meM bhI sahAyaka hai 'vrata levArI manasA je ANI, tiNa meM nahIM paise pANI avasara lAhi catura na cUke, lIdho piNa nema na mUke / ' loka kathAtmaka zailI kA yaha prabandha-kAvya rAjasthAnI kI eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai / dRSTAMta meM dRSTAMta aura saMbAda meM saMvAda ke kAraNa rAjasthAnI loka kathA paramparA kI padya vAta-dhArA se samIkSya kRti jur3I dRSTigata hotI hai| yahA~ pAThaka se sahajatA ke sAtha apane sarokArA kA riztA sthApita karane kI kRtikAra kI maMzA AkAra letI dRSTigata hotI hai / tatsama zabdAvalI samIkSya racanA bhASA sAmarthya kA sambala banI hai aura ise kavi kI racanA sAmarthya kA paryAya hI kaha diyA jAe to atizayokti na hogii| sudarzana-carita khaNDa kAvya 'sudarzana carita' kavi bhIkhaNa jI dvArA racita saMyama ke Adarza svarUpa bhoga aura sAdhanA ke saMgharSa kI mArmika gAthA hai| parivezagata viSamatAeM aura badalatI mUlya dRSTi samIkSya kRti kI sRjanAtmaka preraNA kA kAraka bindu rahI hai| yahI bindu sudarzana, kapilA, mahArAnI abhayA, rAjA dhAtrI vAhana va svAmI dharmaghoSa ke bIca vikasita huI hai / sudarzana, unakI patnI manoramA aura svAmI dharmaghoSa bhAratIya saMskRti ke jIvana mUlyoM ko pakSagharatA ke sAtha udghATita karate haiM to kapilA, mahArAnI abhayA, rAjA dhAtrI vAhana pratIka haiM yugIna kucakroM aura bhulAve-chalAve kI jItI-racatI mAnasikatA ke sudarzana seTha ko kapilA dvArA zarIra ke bAhya saundarya ko bhogane ke lie vivaza kiyA jAnA kintu buddhi-yoga se sudarzana kA baca nikalanA, Ahata strI

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI prabandha-kAvya 213 kapilA kA abhayA ke mAdhyama se sudarzana ko bhraSTa karane kA Sar3ayantra aura abhayA kI asaphalatA punaH pratizodha svarUpa sudarzana ko phAMsI para car3hAyA jAnA kintu antataH sat, zIla, saMyama kI vijaya meM samIkSya khaMDa kAvya kA vitAna bunA gayA hai| isa kathAnaka kI bunAvaTa meM hI sRjana preraNA abhipreta taka kI yAtrA karatI hai / dAsI evaM dhAtrIvAhana hamArI usa mAnasika sthiti anviti dete haiM jisameM vivekahInatA evaM nirNaya kA abhAva evaM yathAsthiti mAtra jInA hI saba kucha hai / viparIta aura galata se lar3ane kI zakti ke hrAsa ko hI hama jIte haiM isalie kucha na karake bhI hama doSI hote haiM / yaha mAnasikatA svayaM vyakti ke lie, samAja aura rASTra ke sahI dizA ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka banatI hai| bhIkhaNajI ne isa mAnasikatA ko hI pAtroM meM ghaTAyA hai aura yaha kRti ko arthavAna banAtA hai / manoramA bhI gauNa sI strI pAtra hai kintu nArI ke Adarza svarUpa kI pratinidhi hai aura puruSa kI zakti bhI / svAmI dharmaghoSa kavi ke vicAra aura darzana ke pravaktA haiM jahA~ ve satpatha kI jyoti banakara patha-pradarzaka kI bhUmikA nirvAhita karate haiM vahIM buddhijIvI varga kI niSkriyatA ko svAmI dharmaghoSa ke mAdhyama se parokSata: udghATita karane kA prayatna bhI hai / racanAkAra rekhAMkita karanA cAhatA hai ki bhAratIya manISI ko bhI apanA dAyitva pahacAnanA hogA / pahacAnanA hI nahIM nirvAhita bhI karanA hogA / kRti ke pAtra racanA ke kathAnaka ke sAtha-sAtha calate haiM ADambara yA kRtrimatA meM jIte hue dRSTigata nahIM hote haiM / varNanAtmakatA caritra sRSTi kA pramukha zailIgata AdhAra hai / caritra apane pratIkoM kI racanA uddezya ko sArthakatA ke sAtha jIte dikhAI dete haiM / yaha kRti kA ghanAtmaka pakSa bhI hai / samIkSya prabandha kAvya kRtiyA~ rAjasthAnI kI prabandha-kAvya paramparA ko terApaMtha kA zlAghanIya kimvA avismaraNIya AdAna hai / ina kRtiyoM kA vaiziSTya jahA~ jaina- darzana kI prapattiyoM ko kalAtmaka abhivyakti dene meM hai, vahIM loka vizvAsa, loka paramparAoM aura AMcalika saundarya kI vyaMjanA meM bhI samIkSya kRtiyoM kI sArthakatA khojI jA sakatI hai / bhASA ke AbhijAtya ko tor3akara sahaja kintu sampreSIya zilpa kA samAyojana Alocya kRtiyoM ko mahatvapUrNa banAtA hai; jIvana darzana kA pAradarzI aMkana yuga-jaTilatAoM ke kuhAse ko cIrakara sahI dizA kI ora spaSTataH saMketita karatA hai, yahI ina kRtiyoM kI arthavattA siddha hotI hai / isI kAraNa rAjasthAnI prabandha-kAvya paramparA meM ye vizeSa sthAna ke adhikArI haiM / saMdarbha : 1. DA0 rAmadhArI siMha dinakara - saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya / 2. DA0 devI prasAda gupta - hindI mahAkAvya : siddhAMta aura mUlyAMkana, pR0 30 /

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214 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna 3. DA0 zakuntalA dube -kAvya rUpoM ke mUlasrota aura unakA vikAsa, pR0 147 / 4. DA0 kiraNa nAhaTA : Adhunika rAjasthAnI sAhitya : preraNA srota aura pravRttiyA~, pR0 138 / 5. DA0 brajanArAyaNa purohita-terApanthI jaina zvetAMbara sampradAya kA rAja sthAnI aura hindI sAhitya : nivedana se uddhRta, 6. AcArya vizvanAtha-sAhitya darpaNa, pariccheda 6, pR0 315-325 7. DA0 brajanArAyaNa purohita-terApantha jaina zvetAMbara sampradAya kA rAjasthAnI aura hindI sAhitya, pR0 217 /

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terApaMthI AsthA kI dhuna : "nandana-nikuJja" 0 DaoN0 nandalAla kallA vigata tIna zatAbdiyoM se jaina dharma sammata-maulika pratisthApanAoM se maNDita terApantha kA praNayana jina krAtikArI paristhitiyoM meM huA-vaha spaSTataH rAjamahaloM kI bhautika sthUlatAoM meM ApAda-mastaka nimajjita vilAsI aura akarmaNya sAmantoM ke lie nahIM thaa| dUsarI bAta yaha terApaMtha una logoM ke lie bhI pravartita nahIM thA jo bhagavAvezadhArI kevala mAlA ke bar3e-bar3e manakoM meM hI vizvAsa karate the na ki mana ke 'manakoM' ko pherane meM / isalie hama kaha sakate haiM ki terApaMtha mUlataH jana-jana kI bhAvanA kA paMtha thA-loka cetanA kA paMtha thA--- "sarvajana hitAya-sarvajana sukhAya' kI bhAvanA kA paMtha thaa| saMbhavataH isI dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakha kara terApaMtha ke AcAryoM kI vANI meM jJAna kA bojha na hokara, sahaja udgAra dekhA jA sakatA hai / isIliye inakI vANI meM rAjakIya udyAna meM khilanevAlI phUloM kI caTaka-maTaka nahIM varan jaMgala meM khilanevAle phUloM kA akRtrima saurabha sampanna sauMdarya anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ pahAr3I jharane ke samAna kala-kala nAda kI dhvani suMdaratA hai / ina AcAryoM ne ADambaroM se santapta jana-mAnasa ko apanI gItikAoM kI sahaja va sarasa zItalatA pradAna karake apUrva AnaMda pradAna kiyA hai / saMgIta ke tarala sauMdarya kI rasadhArA meM AkaMTha nimagna jana-jana kI bhAvanA jhaMkRta ho jAtI hai / terApaMtha ke AcAryoM ne kahIM stuti zailI, kahIM prabandha mahAkAvyAtmaka zailI to kahIM gItoM kI yojanA ke mAdhyama se jana cetanA ko sahaja rUpa se camatkRta kiyA hai / ina gItoM meM AsthAoM kI bAMsurI gUja bharatI hai| 'amRta sandeza' pradAyaka evam tritApa pIr3ita sAMsArikoM ke liye sAttvika 'somarasa' kA laharAtA siMdhu tathA samprati viSamatAoM, viDambanAoM vidrUpatAoM, vikRtiyoM, visaMgatiyoM kI tIvra tapta bhUmi para lar3akhar3Ate Aja ke 'manu' kI nUtana cetanA aura zraddhA pradAyaka kRti kA nAma---'nandana nikuMja' hai| pathabhrAnta, zrAnta aura klAnta, thakita aura zramita, karmabojhila tathA aiSaNAoM se bhArAkAnta jana-mAnasa ke lie naMdana nikuMja AsthA kA nakhalistAna hai|

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216 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna __ merI dRSTi meM 'nandana nikuMja' ke sirajanahAra--bhAcArya ziromaNi, AdhyAtmika patha adhinetA, zaraccandra zvetI, dharmasaMgha saMvAhaka, viSaya-vAsanA uparata, aniketadhAma tulasI jI kI isa abhinava racanA meM jaisI sarasatA, manoharatA, karNapriyatA, layAtmakatA, rAgAtmakatA tathA lokAtmakatA dRSTigata hotI hai vaha anyatama hai / ___ 'nandana nikuMja' kA prANatattva hai--gIta / gIta hamAre mana kI sukhadukhAtmaka anubhUtiyoM kI bhAvocchvAsapUrNa sarasa abhivyakti ko kahate haiM / saMgIta meM Ananda nirbhara pravAhita hotA hai| yaha brahmAnada sahodara kAvyAnaMda kA pratirUpaNa hai| ise zabdagamya, artha pratItigamya tathA rAgabodhaka kahA jA sakatA hai| _ 'nandana nikuMja' kevala gItoM kI hI duniyA nahIM hai, vaha saMgIta kI abhinava sRSTi hai / saMgIta meM gIta, laya aura rAga kI triveNI kA saMgama hotA hai arthAt saMgIta yadi tIrtharAja hai to isa tapatIrtha sRSTA kI garimA ko kyA zabdoM meM nibaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ? uttara hai-nahIM / aisA kyoM ? vastutaH AcArya zrI kI sAdhanA meM sampUrNa rUpa meM prakRti kI chaTA kA digdarzana hotA hai--isaliye / kaise ? utkRSTa vicAroM ke himAlayI uttuMga zikhara, kalpanA ke lahalahAte sphIta mahAsAgara, bhAvanA kI gaMbhIratA maNDita saritA, paMtha-maryAdA ke ghAToM se baMdhI AcaraNa-anubhUti kI gaMgA, duraMge AcaraNa ko vidrUpatA ko jhulasAne vAlI vyaMgya abhivyakti kI cinagAriyA~ bikharAtI lU, sarasa vANI kI mRdu muskAna bharI basantI bayAra, guru vandanA kI prabhAtI sunaharI razmiyoM kA Aloka aura arihanta vandana kI zubhra, amaMda, akaluSa, paramojjvala, sudhAsikta zaratcandrikA kI apanI AbhA aura prabhA / aura ina saba anubhUtiyoM ko eka zIrSaka meM samAMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai--'nandana nikuNj'| svayaM AcArya zrI ne apanI isa kRti kI sRjana-prakriyA kA cintana isa prakAra se vyakta kiyA hai - "jaba kabhI saMgIta kI madhura dhuneM kAnoM meM par3atI haiM, mana kI cetanA vahA~ kendrita ho jAtI hai|..."dhyaan ke una kSaNoM meM aisI pratIti hotI hai ki jIvana kA kaNa-kaNa saMgItamaya ho rahA hai| saMgIta meM mujhe rasa thaa| usa rasa kA prakarSa milA pUjya gurudeva kAlUgaNI ke samaya meM / merA kaNTha madhura thA aura svara sUkSma / ...."dhIre-dhIre sarjaka banane kI dhuna lagI aura maiM apanI bhAvanAoM ko zabdoM ke pariveza meM DhAlane lgaa|" AcArya ziromaNI ke isa Atma-vaktavya meM do bAteM spaSTa jhalakatI hai-prathama guru-prasAda aura dvitIya meM zabda ko rAga meM DhAlane kI pravRti / isI vaktavya meM gIta-sRSTi meM prayojanIyatA bhI jhalakatI hai| racanAkAra kA sRjana-prayojana Atma-paritoSa hai| isI Atma-paritoSa meM bhAratIya santa paramparA kA sarvocca udghoSa gujita hotA hai--'sva' nahIM-- 'sarvebhavantu sukhina

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terApaMthI AsthA kI dhuna : nandana-nikuMja 217 aura parama punIta, paramapremAspada guru-stavana / nandana-nikuMja meM mana-madhukara kevala rasagrAhI pratIta hotA hai| zAstrIya cetanA kA ahaMkAra, aham caitanya aura pAMDitya kI pradarzikA manovRtti isameM nahIM hai balki isameM hRdaya ke sahaja anubhava-saMsAra kI jhaMkRti guMjAyamAna hai / ___ 'nandana nikuMja' kA anukrama ATha zIrSakoM tathA eka sau sattAsI gItikAoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama caraNa arhata utkIrtanA hai jisameM kavi urjasvI svara meM gAtA hai "prabho! tumhAre pAvana patha para jIvana arpaNa hai sArA / bar3he caleM hama / rukeM na kSaNa bhI, ho yaha dRr3ha saMkalpa hamArA // " Atma nivedana ke rUpa meM kabhI vandanA-bhAva pulakita hokara zrI pArzva deva to kabhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM dhyAna dharate hue hara zvAsa meM spaMdita kavi kI bhAvanA bAra-bAra yahI kahatI hai ki---- "Aja cAroM ora, ghora azAnti jana-jana ko satAtI / ro rahA mAnava hRdaya yoM, sikur3atI hai sAtha chAtI / / isa viSAkta udanta meM, tU hI sahArA eka zAnti / " isa racanA kA dvitIya sopAna 'maryAdA-mahotsava utkIrtanA' terApaMtha dharmasaMgha kI vizva-vizruti kA mUlAdhAra hai-- isakI anuzAsanAtmaka saMgaThana bhiittikaa| isakA prathama zilArohaNa AcArya bhikSu ke kara kamaloM se huA / unake nirdiSTa 'likhatoM' kI pratyeka dhArAoM ke AdhAra para vi. saM. 1859 meM zrImad jayAcArya ne maryAdA mahotsava kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| 'maryAdA-mahotsava utkIrtanA, khaNDa meM cauvana gIta haiN| inameM sAdhanA ke ucca zikharoM para jIne ke vijJAna ko koTi-koTi kaNThoM se dhvanita karane kI pratijJA jhalakatI hai| adhikAMza gItoM meM AcArya bhikSa ke prati aTala saMkalpa jhalakatA hai / zrI jayAcAryajI ke prati kavi kI vinamra gItAMjalI dRSTavya hai--- "mayArdotsava kI AbhA abhirAma hai| jayAcArya kI sUjha-bUjha kA sundaratama pariNAma hai|" maryAdotsava terApaMtha meM, abhinava kalpa-prayoga hai, saMgha-catuSTaya svAsthya sAdhanA kA anyatama yoga hai| kAyAkalpa kareM saba pahalA kAma hai|" kevala tarkavAda se pIr3ita isa samUce saMsAra ko 'terApaMtha' kA avataraNa jahA~ amRtadAna hai vahIM maryAdA mahotsava isakI anupama upalabdhi - "bhikkhaNa' kA bhAva bharA manthana, zrI 'jayAcArya' kA sadgraMthana / 'tulasI' kA saphala-suphala cintana, maMjUla maryAdA-mahotsava hai

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terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna 'maryAdA - mahotsava' ke mahatva ke prati AcArya pravara kI dRSTi kahatI hai- yaha kathana samasAmayika bhAratIya pariveza kI vyathA kA saMtoSajanaka samAdhAna karane kA AhvAna karatA hai - " zAzvata mUlya dharma kA jo vaha kaise ghaTa sakatA hai ? dharma nAma para mAnava-mAnava kabhI na ba~Ta sakatA hai / Azraya lekara dharma nAma kA jahara nahIM phailAeM || " tIsarA sopAna 'nirvANa mahotsava' samarpita hai, jo adhikAMzataH AcArya bhikSu ke prati praNAma aMjalI hI hai| 'AcArya utkIrtanA' meM pUrvavartI guru paramparA kI sazraddha gItimaya bhAva pravaNa hRdaya sparzI prastuti hai / 'sAdhvI pramukha utkIrtanA' meM mahAsatI saradArAM, satI gulAbAM, sAdhvI pramukhA zrI naulAMjI, mahAsatI jeThAMjI ityAdi kA puNyamaya smaraNa hai / zeSa utkIrtanAoM meM mAtR-stavana aura guNotkIrtanA hai / 'dharma utkIrtanA' meM AcArya zrI kI vaha racanA hai jo terApaMtha ke siddhAMtoM va aNuvrata kA bhASya hai - 'saMyamamaya jIvana ho / ' 218 sampUrNata: 'nandana nikuMja' ke gItoM kI racanA kI geya bhUmi tIna prakAra kI hai---adhikAMza gItoM kI tarja loka gItoM para AdhArita hai, jise hRdayaMgama va kaMThastha karane meM kisI bhI zraddhAlu ko prayatnaja nahIM honA par3atA, ve to janmajAta janmaghuTI ke rUpa meM use prApta huI haiM / kucha gIta zAstrIya rAga meM vizeSataH mAlakoza para AdhArita haiM / kucha gIta prasiddha philmI tarja para nibaddha kiye gaye haiM / sampUrNa graMtha bhI bhASA meM kahIM bhI kRtrimatA kA bojha, chaMdoM va alaMkAroM kA bhAra nahIM hai / niSkaluSa gagana maNDala meM jagamagAte nakSatroM bhI bhAMti bhAvanAoM kI aisI samujjvala abhivyakti kA rAgamUlaka saundarya 'nandana nikuMja' hai, jisakI pratyeka paMkti yahI udghoSa karatI hai "maitrI bhAva hamArA sabase pratidina bar3hatA jAe, samatA, saha-astitva, samanvaya nIti saphalatA pAe / zuddha sAdhya ke lie niyojita mAtra zuddha sAdhana ho / saMyamamaya jIvana ho / "

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AcArya zrI tulasI viracita 'mANaka-mahimA' aura 'DAlima caritra' meM Avartana ke paridazya : zailIvaijJAnika saMdRSTi - DaoN0 kRSNa kumAra zarmA zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana kRti kA bhASAniSTha vizleSaNa hai / yaha praNAlI kRti ke saMdeza ko vastuniSThatA se ujAgara karane kA vidhAna prastuta karatI hai| zailIvaijJAnika vizleSaNa saMdarbha ke prakAza meM kiyA jAtA hai aura isIlie saMdarbhabaddha (context Bound) saMracanAoM ko zailIcihnaka ke rUpa meM pahacAnA gayA hai| kisI racanA ke bhASika paTa meM saMlakSita-samAMtaratA, Avartana, agraprastuti, vicalana, prazAsana Adi upAdAnoM kA vizleSaNa isa vidhi meM apekSita hai| ___isa vidhi se rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita terApaMtha ke sAhitya kA adhyayana naye AyAma unmIlita kara sakatA hai, para sAhitya vipula mAtrA meM hai aura yaha adhyayana samaya kI apekSA rakhatA hai| prastuta Alekha meM- 'mANaka mahimA' aura 'DAlima caritra' ye do graMtha hI liye gaye haiM aura Avartana tathA kiJcit anya pratimAnoM kA bhI sahArA liyA gayA hai| terApaMtha ke sAhitya ne naitikatA, dRr3hacaritra aura udAtta bhAvoM kA prasAraNa to kiyA hI hai, rAjasthAnI bhASA kI bhI mahatI sevA kI hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA meM vAGamaya ke vividha rUpoM kA praNayana ho rahA hai, kintu usakI pahu~ca jana-jana taka nahIM hai| terApaMtha kA pracAra-prasAra vyApaka hai, asaMkhya anuyAyI haiM isa paMtha ke, unake bIca yaha sAhitya zraddhA aura Adara ke sAtha par3hA-sunA jAtA hai / yaha sAhitya sarala rAjasthAnI meM hai, isase rAjasthAnI bhASA kI zakti vikasita huI hai / maiMne AcArya tulasI viracita 'mANaka mahimA' aura 'DAlima caritra' grantha par3he haiN| AcArya zrI saMskRta, prAkRta aura hindI ke jaise kuzala prayoktA haiM, rAjasthAnI bhASA ke loka pracalita muhAvaroM aura saTIka zabda prayoga ke bhI utane hI khare jAnakAra haiM / ye donoM grantha prAkRta-apabhraMza ko caritakAvya-paramparA kA Adhunika rAjasthAnI meM nirvAha karate hue bhI usa paramparA se alaga haiM, yA kaheM Age haiN| inakI apanI zailI hai, pUrA kathAcakra DhAloM meM niyojita hai, DhAloM ke aMtargata dUhA, soraThA, navIna Adi chaMdoM meM vibhinna prasaMga prastuta kiye jAte haiN|

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220 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna yaha sAhitya dUhA, soraThA kI paramparA ko Aja bhI jIvaMta banAye hue hai / itanA hI nahIM 'mANaka mahimA' meM 'lAvaNI' jaise loka chaMda kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa Alekha meM, maiM Avartana ko pramukha pratimAna banA rahA hai, kucha eka saMketa aura bhI haiN| vistRta adhyayana kI dizA meM ise mAtra vinamra sUtra vinyAsa hI samajhA jAnA caahie| zailI vijJAna Avartana ko zailI kA viziSTa upAdAna pratipAdita karatA hai| Avartana meM mUla saMdeza to nirantara puSTa hotA hI hai, AMtarika layanirmiti bhI hotI hai, ataeva yaha vividha artha chAyAoM ko paraspara saMsakta karane kA vidhAna bhI hai| Avartana meM kevala zabda hI Avartita nahIM hote, saMracanA kA bhI Avartana hotA hai| samAna saMracanA meM zabda bhinna ho sakate haiM, isa ke kAraNa kiJcit arthavaibhinnya bhI pratIta ho sakatA hai, phira bhI unameM artha saMketoM kA paraspara vyApana rahatA hai / samAna saMracanAoM meM prayukta ye bhinna zabda eka hI hAipogrAma se saMbaddha hote haiM / Avartita saMracanAe~ agraprastutI kA eka prakAra bhI hai aura samAMtaratA kA vidhAna bhii| __ donoM hI granthoM meM isakA prayoga prayojana-prerita hone se viziSTa pratIta hotA hai / mANaka mahimA ke prArambha meM hI mANaka-smRti prasaMga hai, isameM Avartana bahuta sArthaka prayoga huA hai / Avartita aMzoM kI saMracanA samAna hai, para arthachAyA meM bhinnatA hai, dekheM 1. kyUM nahIM sAdhanA dhana rI, balihArI jAU~ maiM ? 2. kyUM nA satpuruSArthI nai, dhyAnastha dhyAU~ maiM ? 3. vAMrai rasa para dhAra rI, AkhyA suNAU~ maiM ? 4. uNa rI pala-pala china-china meM, kyUM sudha bisarAU~ maiM ?' rekhAMkita aMzoM kI saMracanA samAna hai, kartA kA niveza sabhI saMracanAoM ke anta meM aura kriyA pada madhyastha hai / kartApada kA aMta meM niveza use agraprastuta (Fore grounded) karatA hai / 1, 2, aura 4 caraNoM meM praznavAcakatA, niSedhAtmaka 'nahIM', 'nAM' ke yoga se vidheyAtmaka bana gayI hai, arthAt vaktA vaisA karegA hii| tIsare caraNa meM praznAtmakatA kA adhyAhAra hai| tIsare aura cauthe caraNa meM prayukta 'vAra' aura 'uNarI' ina caraNoM kI pUrva prasaMgoM se saMsakti kA vidhAna karate haiM / vaktA kI vibhinna mAnasika sthitiyoM ko vyakta karane meM yaha Avartana sakSama hai| vidheyAMza meM prayukta pada hI uddezya kathana ke zabdoM ko bhI nirdiSTa karate haiM-'Apane dhana kI sAdhanA nahIM kI, isIlie maiM balihArI jAtA huuN|' isameM vaktA AcArya mANaka kI tyAgavRtti se abhibhUta hai / 'Apa satpuruSArthI haiM, maiM dhyAnastha hokara dhyAna kyoM na kruuN|' isameM vaktA kI zraddhA, icchA aura saMkalpa mukharita haiN|

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AcArya zrI tulasI viracita....zailI vaijJAnika saMdRSTi 221 'unake rasa paTa-dhAra kI maiM AkhyA sunAtA huuN|' meM zreya aura preya bhAvAnAoM kI abhivyakti hai| ina saMracanAoM kA saMdeza hai ki AcArya mANaka dhana ke lobha se mukta, satpuruSArthI aura mukta rasa se yukta vyaktitva ke dhanI haiM, unakA vyaktitva vaktA ke mana meM una para nyauchAvara ho jAne kI, dhyAna lagAne kI, unheM nirantara smaraNa karane kI preraNA detA hai| aise mahApuruSa kI mahimA kA gAna hai-'mANaka-mahimA' grNth| ina prayogoM se siddha hotA hai ki jaise vaktA ke mAnasa paTala para AcArya zrI mANaka jIvaMta haiM, usake mAnasa cakSuoM ke samakSa haiM aura usake mana meM zraddhA, vizvAsa, utsarjana tathA dRr3ha saMkalpa ke bhAvoM kI taraMgeM umar3a rahI haiM-anavarata / ina aMzoM meM vicalana bhI hai, uddezya aura vidheya ke sthApana meN| isakA kAryaphalana (Function) hai, vaktA ke mana ke bhAva ko agraprastuta karanA / isa grantha kI tIsarI DhAla meMlAlAjI ! thAroM, o mANaka manabhAvaNo' saMracanA kA tona bAra yathAvat Avartana hai, racanAkAra prArambha ke gyAraha dohoM meM lichamaNadAsajI aura unake parivAra kI lADanUM yAtrA kI carcA karake zrI jayAcArya dvArA kahalavAtA hai--'lAlAjI ! thAroM o mANaka manabhAvaNo' abhI dIkSA kI bAta nahIM hai / tadanantara lAlAjI hI saMketa samajhate haiM, dUhA bAraha se sataraha taka lAlAjI kA kathana hai jisameM mANakajI ke svabhAva, unake prati lAlAjI kA sneha kathita hai / dUhA aThAraha se bIsa taka spaSTa kathana hai thAra hI ghara kyaM rahai ? jo mhArai ghara rai joga ho / choTo so sAdhU baNa lAlA to iNa ro upayoga ho|" alaga-alaga prasaMgoM ko yaha Avartita aMza paraspara saMsakta karatA hai aura yaha bhI vyakta karatA hai ki vaktA ke mana ko usa mANaka nAma ke alpavaya bAlaka ne bahuta gaharAI se prabhAvita kiyA hai| lAlAjI svayaM sampanna vyakti the, zAyada unake pAsa bahuta se mANikya ratna bhI the, isalie 'o mANaka' prayoga vizeSa artha gaurava se yukta hai---anya mANikya nahIM-'o mANaka mana bhaavnnoN| _ 'lAlAjI ! thAMro o mANaka manabhAvaNo' kA tIna bAra Avartana vaktA ke mana ke dRr3ha bhAva aura tIvra icchA kA vyaMjaka hai / bhAva ko puSTa aura kathya ko saghana banAtA hai| yaha Avartana AcArya zrI mANaka ke bhAviSyika kAryakalApoM kI pRSThabhUmi kA suSThu nirmANa karatA hai| cauthI DhAla meM Avartana kA eka aura rUpa hai1. zAsaNa bhAgya sarAMvAM mhe 2. mana meM icaraja pAvAM mhe

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22 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna 3. vacana agocara gAvAM mhe 4. mhAro zISa jhukAvA mhe 5. dRr3ha vizvAsa dirAvAM mhe 6. thAMrI marajI cAvAM mhe' isa Avartana meM uddezya kA aMta meM sthApana sabhI saMracanAoM meM hai, vidheya-+ uddezya bhI hai, uttamapuruSa zailI hai, Atmakathya jaisA hai| prathama meM vaktA ke mana meM ubuddha sarAhanA kA bhAva, dvitIya meM Azcarya kA bhAva, tRtIya meM icchA, caturtha meM vinamratA, pA~cave meM vizvastatA, chaThe meM cAhanA-AkA~kSA / kintu ina vividha bhAvoM meM saMsakti banAtA hai-'mhe' / bahuvacana 'mhe' apane meM eka pUre samudAya ko nihita kiye hai| saMdeza rUpa meM phira AcArya zrI mANaka kA vaiziSTya ubharatA hai| zabda cayana kathya ko ujAgara karatA hai, saTIka hai bhAgya ke sAtha sarAMvAM, icaraja ke sAtha pAvAM, vacana-agocara ke sAtha gAvAM, zISa ke sAtha jhukAvAM, vizvAsa ke sAtha dirAvAM aura marajI ke sAtha cAvAM / yaha cayana prakriyA racanAtmakatA ke daura meM, siddha kavi ke mana meM svataH cAlita hotI hai, zabda svayaM apane anukUla dUsare zabda kI khoja ke lie racanAkAra ko prerita karatA hai| AnaMdavardhana ne isIlie kahA hai---- "yatnataH pratyabhijJeyau tau zabdArtho mahAkaveH" / isa grantha kA bIja bhAva yA pratokArthavijJAna kI zabdAvalI meM maiTriksa (MATRIX) to AcArya zrI mANaka kA caritra hai hI, vahI ina vibhinna kintu paraspara saMsakta maoNDalsa (MODEL) ko niSpanna karatA hai| bArahavIM DhAla meM 'jI gacchAdhipa jI' padabandha kA Avartana racayitA kI atizaya zraddhA kA dyotaka to hai hI usakI AtmIya ekAtmakatA kA bhI pratyAyaka hai| 'mANaka mahimA' meM DhAla zIrSaka nahIM diyA gayA hai, kintu hai vahI zailI / DhAla, usake aMtargata dUhA, soraThA aura laavnnii| svayaM racayitA ne kahA hai _ 'tulasI tIjI DhAla meM, lahyau mANaka harSa prakAma ho' AcArya zrI tulasI viracita 'DAlima caritra' terApaMtha ke sAtaveM AcArya zrI DAlimacaMdajI kA caritra AkhyAna hai| isameM bhI DhAla, usake aMtargata dUhe, soraThe aura navIna chaMda haiM / Avartana kA vaiziSTya isa racanA meM bhI hai| DhAla cAra meM 'pyArA mhAMne lAgo rA svAmI jI'5 saMracanA kA chaha bAra Avartana huA hai| ina AvartanoM se inake pUrva Ane vAle kathana paraspara saMsakta hokara ekasUtratA kA vicitra vidhAna karate haiN| kevala eka Avartana meM, 'pyArA' ke sthAna para 'AchA' kA prayoga hai

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AcArya zrI tulasI viracita... zailIvaijJAnika saMdRSTi 223 'AchA mhAMnai lAgo rA svAma jI' 'pyArA' aura 'AcchA' eka hI hAIpogrAma ke zabda haiM / DhAla pA~ca meM 'dayAnidhi DAla muni' padabaMdha kA Avartana hai / isa Avartana se pratIta hotA hai, jaise racayitA 'DAlamuni' ke viSaya meM anya bahuta kucha kahatA huA bhI unakI dayAlutA para kendrita hai, ise bhUla nahI pAtA, bAra-bAra smaraNa karatA hai| Avartana kI yaha vidhi rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM virala hI hai| chaThI DhAla meM DAlamuni ke caritra ko kahate hue racayitA-- 'DAlacaMda-caritra parama pavitra suNa tana mana Tharai" saMracanA kA tIna bAra Avartana karatA hai, jaise caritra-gAna hI usakA uddezya nahIM hai, vaha usakA prabhAva bhI batalAnA cAhatA hai| jaise vaha unake caritra se itanI ekAtmatA kA anubhava karatA hai ki eka prakAra ke kathana se use saMtoSa nahIM hotA, AtmavizrAnti nahIM milatI ataH DhAla ATha meM puna: ___'bhAvika mana bhAvaNore, DAlamacaMda caritra' / " saMracanA kA do bAra Avartana karatA hai| jaise, DAlamacaMdajI ke caritrasAgara meM Ubha-cUbha ho rahA ho / ina AvartanoM se yaha caritra-kathana sadhana ho uThatA hai, sahaja preraNA kA srota bana jAtA hai / DhAla teraha meM lAkha upacAra karo' upavAkya kA Avartana kathya kI mArmikatA ko ujAgara karatA hai| raciyatA kahatA hai A Tala na hovaNahAra, lAkha upacAra karo, ___ iNa Age sabakI hAra, lAkha upacAra kro|| zrI mANaka muni asvastha hue, upacAra-prayatna kiye gaye, para honI ko kauna TAla sakatA hai, usake Age to saba vivaza haiN| yaha Avartana manuSya kI vivazatA, usakI sImA kI vyaMjanA karatA hai| isI prasaMga meM--- ___ 'zAsaNa sAro saba sAdha-satyAM, zobhai zAsaNapati rA sAgai9 saMracanA kA tIna bAra Avartana terApaMtha ke satya ko to ujAgara karatA hI hai, sAmAnya yathArtha kA bhI jJApaka hai| yahI Avartana isa DhAla kI gItikAoM ko eka sUtra meM nibaddha karane vAlA tattva hai, isa DhAla kA unmIlaka hai, yahI agraprastuta bhASika upAdAna hai| mAnavIya vaivazya kA itane sarala zabdoM meM kathana, vastutaH adbhuta hai| isI vivazatA kI abhivyakti ina paMktiyoM meM hai--zoka isa prasaMga kA bIja bhAva hai, Avartana meM ghanIbhUta huA hai o binA bagata sUraja chipagyo, lAgai hai aMbariyo UNo, bujhagyo dIpaka jo jagamagato, karagyo sagalai ghara nai sUno / tArA nakSatra ghaNAM nabha meM, piNa cA~da binA phIkA lAgai, zAsaNa sAro saba sAdha-satyAM, zobhai zAsaNapati rA sAgai //

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224 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna DhAla caudaha meM-- ___ 'AcchI rAkhI re syANAM santAM ! bhaikSava gaNa rI rIta' saMracanA kA Avartana bhartsanA kI vyaMjanA karatA hai| svayaM racanAkAra kahatA hai--'duHkhada ghaTanA avasare, rAkhI AchI rIta' DhAla pandraha meM bhI samAna saMracanAoM kA Avartana huA hai iNa rai gaNi pada-tilaka lagAyalyo kanI, iNa rai jIvana grantha baMcAyalyo kanI, iNa rI AkhyA~ ro pANI ajamAyalyo kanI, iNa ro gaurava apAra guNa gAyalyo kanI iNa nai gAdI biThAya guMjAyalyo kanI" pratyeka Avartita paMkti ke pUrva AcArya kI eka alaga-alaga vizeSatA kathita hai, tadanantara iNa rai/rI/nai...........'kanI saMracanA kA Avartana hai| kyoMki vaha viziSTa hai, isalie gaNi padatilaka lagAyA jAnA hai, unakA jIvana grantha bA~cA jAnA hai, A~khoM ke teja (pAnI) ko AjamAyA jAnA hai, unakA apAra gaurava gAyA jAnA hai| vaha ina saba bAtoM ke yogya hai| isa Avartana se kathya kI nirantara puSTi hotI jAtI AvartanoM kI yaha vidhi ina carita kAvyoM kI zailI kI pahacAna hai, isalie yaha zailIcihnaka bhI hai| yaha AcArya zrI tulasI ke racanAkarma kA bhI zailIcihnaka (STYLE MARKER) hai yA nahIM, yaha to unakI anya racanAoM ke parIkSaNa ke bAda hI kahA jA sakatA hai| prAkRta-apabhraMza ke carita kAvyoM meM mujhe yaha nahIM milI / Avartana eka ora kathya ko kendrAbhisArI banAtA hai, dUsarI ora racayitA ke zilpa ko bhI ujAgara karatA hai / isa dRSTi se yaha sAhitya eka paramparA kI nIMva bhI hai| ____ katipaya anya prayoga bhI haiM jinheM zailIcihnaka kahA jA sakatA hai| jaba-jaba racayitA kisI muni AcArya dvArA zAsanA kI bAta kahatA hai, vaha eka Asana baiThe guru ghar3I re ghar3I, sAgI zera jyUM daDUkai jyAMre dezanA karai / 5 pATa para beThyo hI bAbo zera jyUM daDUka'3 'zera jyaM daDUke' padabaMdha kA prayoga karatA hai| eka prakAra se yaha padabaMdha saMdarbhavaddha hai, isalie maiM ise zailIcihnaka kahanA cAhatA huuN| AcAryazrI tulasI racanAkAra ke rUpa meM siddha kavi haiN| jisa bhASA meM

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AcArya zrI tulasI viracita 'zailIvaijJAnika saMdRSTi 225 ve racanAkarma karate haiM, usakI prakRti se, usake muhAvaroM se khUba paricita hote haiM | rAjasthAnI bhASA ke bahuprayukta zabdoM kA unhoMne sajagatA se cayana kiyA 1. guNa 'nandanavana' lar3AlUmba laharai " 2. bhINI-jhINI sIkha chANe, jANe amRta bhareM " 3. donyUM goDyAM DhAla, dvikara jor3a DAlima badai " 4. kAnAbAtI pala-pala hai, A ke halacala hai, halacala hai" 5. suNyA bAta managamatI, jivar3o mhAMro bhI lalacAva " 18 ina paMktiyoM meM prayukta 'lar3AlUmba', 'bhINI-jhINI', 'donyU goDyAM DhAla', 'kAnAbAtI', 'managamatI' zabda rAjasthAnI loka aura sAhitya meM bahuprayukta zabda haiM, inameM rAjasthAnI mATI kI sugaMdha hai, inameM rAjasthAnI janamAnasa bolatA hai, ye zabda svayaM bolate haiM / rAjasthAnI bhASA ke zabdoM kA cayanapUrNa prayoga mANaka mahimA meM bhI dekhane yogya hai tor3a tikhale kI jyU tatkhaNa niviDa nyAti jana neha / " X X bhaNasI-guNasI sadguNa cuNasI, jauharI putra sujANa / 10 joharI putra ke sAtha 'cuNasI - guNasI' kriyAe~ bahuta saTIka haiM / aMgrejI bhASA ke TAima se banA rAjasthAnI prayoga 'TemoTema' bahupracalita hai, 'mANaka mahimA' meM bhI yaha prayoga hai saMta satyAM rI vaMdanA, sAbhaM TemoTema / ( mANaka mahimA, pR0 51 ) dhArAsAra varSA ke lie saghana ghanAghana rIjha' aura 'nipaTa kalaha kI nUdha' meM 'nUMdha' TheTha rAjasthAnI prayoga haiM, rAjasthAnI bhASA kA prayoktA ina zabdoM ke arthagaurava se suparicita hai / X ahaM aura haTha ke lie 'akar3a-pakar3a' saTIka yojanA hai matamatAntaroM phailI ho, mati mailI minakhAM rI kareM, akar3a-pakar3a rI A mUMThI jhakajhor3a / ( mA. ma. pR. 77 ) rAjasthAnI bhASA meM mAdA zeranI ke lie 'bAghaNa' zabda hai, isakA eka prayoga dekheM paNa bhA to biracI bAghaNa baNI lugAI / (mA. ma. pU. 77 ) apane bAlaka kI rakSA ke lie, use pAne ke lie strI bAghaNa jaisI AkrAmaka aura bhayaMkara ho uThatI hai, isa sthiti meM strI svabhAva kA vyaMjaka 'bANa' zabda se bar3hakara aura kauna sA zabda ho sakatA hai / 'kUDI' bhI TheTha rAjasthAnI zabda hai, lokagAthAoM meM bhI prayukta huA hai,

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226 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna mANaka mahimA meM isakA prayoga hai-- 'athavA korI kalpita hai kahANI kuDI' (mA. ma. pa. 78) ina prayogoM kI kathya aura loka parivezAnugAmitA pramANa kI apekSA nahIM rkhtii| isa Alekha meM zailIvijJAna kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI kA bahuta sImita upayoga hai| pratimAna bhI eka hI liyA gayA hai-Avartana / terApaMtha ke sAhitya (rAjasthAnI bhASA ke) kA zailIcihnaka pratimAna ke AdhAra para zailIvaijJAnika adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai, vaha mahatI zodha aura zrama sApekSya kArya hai, para nirvivAdataH mahatvapUrNa hai / yaha Alekha to eka namUnA hai, eka saMketa hai isa dizA kI ora, isI nivedana ke sAtha samApta karatA huuN| sandarbha : 1. AcArya zrI tulasI, mANaka mahimA, pR0 25 2. vahI, pR0 35 3. vahI, pR0 36 4. vahI, pR0 42 5. AcAryazrI tulasI, DAlima caritra, pR0 38. 6. vahI, pR0 44 7. vahI, pR0 52 8. vahI, pR068 9. vahI, pR0 68 10. vahI, pR0 68 11. AcArya zrI tulasI DAlima caritra, pR0 75 " pR0 33 12. " , " pR0 53 9 5 5 5 5 5 " 16. , 17. , 18. , 19,20. " , , , " , , , " , , , , , pR0 34 pR0 36 pR0 76 pR0 76 pR0 42

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pariziSTa (lekhaka-paricaya) lekhaka patA 1. muni zrI sukhalAlajI- jaina muni 2. DaoN0 siyArAma saksenA--- nivAsa--"sevAdhAma" 3ga/16 hAusiMga borDa, zAstrInagara, jayapura (rAja0) 320016 3. DaoN0 deva koThArI --- nidezaka-sAhitya-saMsthAna, rAjasthAna vidyApITha, udayapura 313001 nivAsa-13, mehatA jI kI khir3akI, mAladAsa sTrITa, udayapura 4. DaoN0 harizaMkara pANDeya- vyAkhyAtA, prAkRta bhASA evaM sAhitya vibhAga, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM-~-341306 5. DaoN. manamohana svarUpa mAthura -----pravaktA, rAjasthAnI vibhAga, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura nivAsa---yunivarsiTI baMgalA, sI-sekTara 11, ejensI posTa oNphisa ke pAsa, jodhapura (rAja.) 6. DaoN0 mUlacanda seThiyA- 276, vidyAdhara nagara, jayapura, (rAja.) 7. sAdhvI kAnakumArIjI jaina sAdhvI 8. muni zrI madhukarajI jaina muni 9. suzrI niraMjanA jaina-- zodha-chAtrA, prAkRta bhASA evaM sAhitya vibhAga, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM (rAja.) 341306 10. sAdhvI caMdanabAlAjI-- jaina sAdhvI 11. sAdhvI nirvANazrIjI-- jaina sAdhvI

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228 terApaMtha kA rAjasthAnI ko avadAna 12. DaoN. kiraNa nAhaTA--- 13. DaoN0 paramezvara solaMkI--- 14. sAdhvI jinaprabhA15. sAdhvI pIyUSaprabhA16. DaoN0 lakSmIkAMta vyAsa vyAkhyAtA, hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna rAjakIya mahAvidyAlaya, jaisalamera nivAsa-nAhaTA nikuMja, 7 ga 5-dakSiNa vistAra pavanapurI, bIkAnera (rAja.) sampAdaka, tulasI prajJA, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM-341306 jaina sAdhvI jaina sAdhvI zodha adhikArI, sAhitya-saMsthAna, rAjasthAna vidyApITha, udayapura (rAja.) 313001 nivAsa-durgA nivAsa, 32/nyu phatahapurA udayapura (rAja.) jaina samaNI jaina samaNI vyAkhyAtA, hindI vibhAga, DUMgara mahAvidyAlaya, bIkAnera (rAja.) saha-AcArya, hindI vibhAga, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura (rAja.) nivAsa-mAtuzrI, nyU cAMdapola ror3a jodhapura (rAjasthAna) prophesara evaM adhyakSa, kendrIya hindI saMsthAna, AgarA (u0 pra0) nivAsa-senTrala baiMka lena, bI-47, kamalA neharU nagara, AgarA (u0 pra0) 17. samaNI sthitaprajJA-~18. samaNI pratibhAprajJA-- 19. DaoN0 umAkAMta gupta-- 20. DaoN0 ena0 ela0 kallA 21. DaoN0 ke0 ke0 zarmA

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