Prakrit Jain Katha Sahitya

Author(s): Jagdishchandra Jain
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002634/1

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Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Series No 30 PRAKRITA JAINA KATHA SAHITYA Vu Dr. J. C. Jain HRCIC dalapata SHIB umaTTANA) LALBHAI DALPATBHAI BHARATIYA SANSKRITI VIDYAMANDIR AHMEDABAD-9. Jain Educati nal

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lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI granthamAlA - 30 prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina bhAratIya dalapata bhAI kAla: aha saMskRti sAdhA ahamadAbAda granthamAlA saMpAdaka dalasukha mAlavaNiyA lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira ahamadAbAda - 9

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prakAzaka dalasukha mAlavaNiyA adhyakSa, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira ahamadAbAda - 9 prathama AvRtti 1000 pharavarI 1971 mudraka vaidyarAja svAmI zrItribhuvanadAsajI zAstrI zrIrAmAnanda prinTiMga presa kAMkariyA roDa, ahamadAbAda - 22

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prAkkathana zrI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI vyAkhyAnamAlA kA zubhArambha sarvadharmasamanvaya ke viSaya meM tA. 31-3-66 ke dina vyAkhyAna dekara pUjya zrI kAkA kAlelakara ne kiyA thA / tadanantara vyAkhyAna mAlA meM 'prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya' isa viSaya ko lekara DA. jagadIzacandra jaina ke jo tIna vyAkhyAna tA. 7-9-70 se tA. 9-9-70 ko hue ve yahA~ mudrita kiye gaye haiN| DA. jagadIzacandra jaina ko yanivarsiTI grAnTa kamIzana kI ora se isI viSaya meM saMzodhana karane ke lie nivRtta prAdhyApakoM ko diyA jAnevAlA puraskAra milA thA aura ve isI viSaya meM rata the| ataeva maiMne yahI viSaya ko lekara unako vyAkhyAna dene kA AmantraNa diyA / ve inDolojI ke prAdhyApaka hokara kIla yunivarsiTI (jarmanI) meM jAne kI taiyArI kara rahe the / phira bhI unhoMne mere AmantraNa ko saharSa svIkAra karake ye vyAkhyAna lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira meM diye etadartha maiM unakA atyanta AbhArI hU~ / prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya ke viSaya meM DA. vinTaraniTsa, DA. harTala Adi ne jo abhiprAya diyA hai vaha yathArtha hai isakI pratIti prastuta pustaka se ho jAyagI / isameM bhI samagrabhAva se kathA sAhitya kA paricaya saMbhava nahIM thA, yahA~ to usameM se kucha namUne diye haiM-ye yadi vidvAnoM kA isa viSaya meM vizeSa AkarSaNa kara sakeMge to vyAkhyAtAkA aura hamArA yaha prayatna hama saphala samajheMge / vyAkhyAtAne vizeSarUpase yahA~ vasudevahiNDI aura bRhatkathAsaMgraha ina donoM kI kathAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai / vidvAnoM kI yaha to sambhAvanA thI ki vasudevahiNDI kI kaI kathAoM kA mUla bRhatkathAsaMgraha meM honA cAhie / usa saMbhAvanA kI puSTi vizeSa rUpase yahA~ kI gaI hai / vidvAnoM kA dhyAna maiM isa ora AkarSita karanA cAhatA huuN| lA. da. vidyAmaMdira nivedaka ahamadAbAda-9 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA adhyakSa

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viSayasUcI 1. prAkRta kI laukika kathAe~ (1) kathAoM kA mahattva ... ... manoraMjana-zakuna-zakunI saMvAda-paMkha tor3ane para kahAnI sunAne vAlA zuka-kutUhala evaM jijJAsA / (2) jaina kathAkAroM kA uddezya ... ... ... 7-12 janapadavihAra-janabhASA-laukika kathA sAhitya-dharmakathAnuyoga-kathAoM ke prakAra-- vikathAoM kA tyAga / (3) zRGgArapradhAna kAmasaMbaMdhI kathAe~ 12-30 agar3adatta kA kAmopAkhyAna-dharmakathAoM meM zRGgAra-premakrIDAe~-gAMdharva vivAhakAmakrIDA-kAma puruSArtha kI mukhyatA-premapatra vyavahAra-sAdhu-sAdhvI kA premapUrNa saMvAda-siMhakumAra aura kusumAvalI kI premakathA-kuvalayacandra aura kuvalaya. mAlA kI praNayakathA-lIlAvatI aura usakI sakhiyoM kI premakathA-zRGgArarasa pradhAna anupalabdha AkhyAyikAeM / (4) arthopArjana kI kathAe~ .... arthakathA kI pradhAnatA-arthopArjana ke lie cArudatta kI sAhasika yAtrAibhyaputroM kI pratijJA-lobhadeva ko ratnadvIpa yAtrA-vyApAriyoM kI bhASA aura lena dena-potavaNikoM ke anya AkhyAna-vyApAriyoM kI patnI kI zIlarakSA-zIlavatI mahilAe~ -yAtrAgIta -mArga kI thakAna dUra karane vAlI kathAe~-saMskRtiyoM kA AdAna-pradAna / 2. prAkRta kI dharma-kathAe~ 51-114 (1) dharma-kathAe~ dharmaprApti kI mukhyatA-dharmakathA ke meda-zrotAoM ke prakAra-dhArmika kathA sAhitya-kathAkoSoM kI racanA / (2) dhUrta aura pAkhaMDiyoM kI kathAe~ 55-63 nAgarikoM dvArA ThagAyA gayA grAmINa-dhUrtI se sAvadhAna rahane kI AvazyakatAdhUrtarAja mUladeva kI kathA-mUladeva kI anya kathAe~-dhUrta julAhA-cAra DhoMgI pravaMcaka mitroM kI kahAnI-kapaTI mitra-do baniye / (3) mUkhoM aura viToM kI kathAe~ 63-70 mUrkha lar3akA-mUrkha ziSya-mUrkha paMDita kI kahAnI /

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(4) buddhicamatkAra kI kahAniyA~ 70-74 ziSyoM kA saMvAda - catura mantrI - eka kSullaka aura bauddhabhikSu - digaMbara sAdhu aura bauddha bhikSu - kitane kaue (5) nIti sambandhI kathAe~ paMcataMtra nIti kA zAstra - paMcataMtra prAkRta AkhyAnoM kA vikasita rUpa-pazupakSiyoM kI kahAniyA~ (siyAra aura siMha; khasadruma gIdar3a, ghaNTIvAlA gIdar3a lAlacI gIdar3a; kharagoza aura siMha; bandara aura bayA; kaue aura marA huA hAthI) - anya kahAniyA~ (parvata aura megha; zekhacillI; eka vyApArI; socA thA kucha, huA kucha; pArakhI ibhyaputra; eka lar3akI ke tIna vara; pati kI parIkSA; nAina paMDitA; nUpurapaMDitA / (6) bauddhoM kI jAtaka kathAe~ jaina kathAoM aura jAtaka kathAoM kI tulanA / 94-110 (7) zramaNa saMskRti kI poSaka vairAgyavardhaka jaina kathAe~ zramaNa saMskRti meM nivRtti kI pradhAnatA-tyAga aura vairAgya pradhAna kathAeM - kabUtara aura bAz2a - madhubindu dRSTAMta kuDuMga dvIpa ke tIna mArgabhraSTa vyApArI / vairAgyotpAdaka laghu AkhyAna - pratIkoM dvArA aTavI pAra karane kA AkhyAna - dIpazikhA para girane vAlA patiMgA-dhAnya kA dRSTAMta jhuMTaNaka pazu kA dRSTAMta - Agama sAhitya meM dRSTAntoM dvArA dharmopadeza - Agamottara kathA sAhitya meM dharmakathAe~ - aupadezika kathA sAhitya-carita graMthoM meM kathAe~ - paurANika AkhyAnoM meM buddhigamya tattva / (8) kAvya ke vividha rUpoM kA prayoga-subhASita 3. vasudevahiNDI aura bRhatkathA 4. jaina kathA sAhitya : kahAniyoM kA anupama bhaMDAra 111-114 115-163 vasudevahiNDI aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha - bidyAdharoM ke parAkrama kathA prasaMgoM kI samAnatA ( kokkAsa bar3haI, puruSoM ke bheda, gaNikA putrI kI kathA, gaNikAoM kI utpatti; zreSThiputra kI kathA; gandharvadattA kA vivAha; viSNugItikA; puSkara madhupAna; zreSThiputra kI dezavideza yAtrA / 74-92 92-94 1800 165-180 jaina kathAoM meM vaividhya - anupalabdha kathA sAhitya - Agama sAhitya aura uttarakAlIna kathA granthoM kI zailI prAkRta jaina kathAoM kA vikAsa kathAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ( agaDadatta kathAnaka kokkAsa bar3haI; viSNukumAra muniH cArudatta kI kathA, prasannacandra aura valkalacIrI kI kathA; lalitAMga kI kathA; madhubiMdu dRSTAMta) - kathAnaka rUr3hiyA~ aura loka jIvana - bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se mahattva /

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prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya

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1 prAkRta kI laukika kathAe~

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1. kathAoM kA mahattva jIvana meM kathA-kahAnI kA mahattva prAcIna kAla se hI kathA-sAhitya kA jIvana meM bahuta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai / jaba mAnava ne lekhana kalA nahIM sIkhI thI, tabhI se yaha kathA-kahAniyoM dvArA apane sAthiyoM kA manoraMjana evaM jJAnavardhana karatA AyA hai| dAdI aura nAnI apane pote-potiyoM aura nAtI-nataniyoM ko rAtri meM sote samaya kutUhalavardhaka kahAniyA~ sunAkara unakA manoraMjana krtiiN| ina kahAniyoM kI rocakatA kA isa bAta se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki bAlaka dina meM bhI kahAnI sunane ke lie macalate rahate / usa samaya unakI nAnI yaha kahakara unheM cupa karatI ki dina meM kahAnI sunane se mAmA rAstA bhUla jAyegA / bhalA koI bAlaka cAhegA ki usakA mAmA mArgabhraSTa ho jAye ? manoraMjana kI pradhAnatA prAcIna kAla meM aise aneka pezevara loga the jo vividha khela-tamAzoM dvArA sarva-sAdhAraNa kA manoraMjana kiyA karate the / naTa, nartaka, rassI para khela dikhAne vAle, bAjIgara, malla, muSThi yuddha karane vAle, vidUSaka, bhAMr3a, kathakai (kathAvAcaka), rAsagAyaka, mAgadha (stutipAThaka), jyotiSI, vINAvAdaka Adi aise kitane hI loga bar3e-bar3e nagaroM ke caityoM aura devAyatanoM ke samIpa aDDA jamAye rahate the / kathakoM kA kAma thA ki jaba rAjA dinabhara ke kAma se nibaTakara rAtri ke samaya apane zayanIya para ArUr3ha ho to ve rAjA ke hAtha-paira kA saMvAhana karate hue use kahAniyA~ sunAyeM, aura kahAnI sunatA-sunatA vaha ArAma se nidrA devI kI goda meM vizrAma karane lge| rAjAoM kI rAniyA~ bhI rAjA ko kahAniyA~ sunAkara AkRSTa kiyA karatI thiiN| kisI rAjA ne citrakAra kI kanyA kanakamaMjarI se vivAha kara liyaa| usake antaHpura meM aura bhI aneka rAniyA~ thIM / rAjA ko kahAnI sunane kA zauka thaa|' 1. nizIthasUtra / 13.57) meM sAdhu ke lie kAthika kI prazaMsA karane kA niSedha hai| vaha AhAra Adi, yaza tathA apanI pUjA-pratiSThA ke nimitta dharmakathA kahatA thA (13.4353) / aupapAtika sUtra meM vidUSaka, rAsagAyaka aura mAgadha Adi ke sAtha kathaka kA ullekha hai| kathAsaritsAgara (2.2.2) bhI dekhie / ramaNIya nagara kA kathAniya rAjA pratidina puravAsiyoM ko kathA kahane ke liye bulAyA karatA thA / hemacandra, pariziSTa parva (3.18.186)

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ataeva jo rAnI kahAnI kahane meM kuzala hotI, usI ke pAsa vaha apanI rAtri vyatIta karatA / kanakamaMjarI ne socA ki isa taraha to bahuta dinoM bAda usakI bArI aayegii| eka dina rAjA kanakamaMjarI ke pAsa AyA to usane apanI dAsI ko sikhA diyA ki vaha usase kahAnI sunAne kA anurodha kare / kanakamaMjarI ne kahAnI sunAnA AraMbha kiyaa| kahAnI sunAte-sunAte jaba kAphI rAta bIta jAtI aura kahAnI carama sImA para pahu~catI to rAnI nIMda kA bahAnA banA, agalI rAta ko kahAnI pUrI karane ke lie kahatI / isa prakAra kanakamaMjarI rAjA ko chaha mahIne taka kahAniyA~ sunAsunAkara use apane hI pAsa rakkhe rhii|' kautUhala kI lIlAvaI kahA meM prAsAda kI aTTAlikA para sukha se baiThI huI kavi kI patnI, rAtri ke samaya, jyotsnA se pUrita antaHpura kI gRhadIrghikA meM gaMdhotkaTa kumudoM ke rasapAna kI lolupatA se guMjAra karate hue bhramaroM kA zabda suna, apane priyatama se koI sundara kathA kahane kA anurodha karatI hai| ___ kathA-kahAniyoM ke sAtha zuka-sArikA ke nAma bhI prAcIna kAla se jur3e cale Ate haiN| 1. AvazyakacUrNI 2, pR. 57-60 2. kautUhala, lIlAvaI, 24 3. zukasaptati meM zuka dvArA kathita 70 kahAniyoM kA saMgraha hai| haridatta seTha kA madana vinoda putra kumArgagAmI thA aura vaha pitA kI sIkha nahIM mAnatA thaa| apane mitra ko dukhI dekha trivikrama nAmaka brAhmaNa, nItizAstra meM nipuNa zuka aura sArikA lekara usake pAsa pahu~cA aura sapatnIka zuka ko putra kI bhA~ti pAlane ko kahA / zuka ke upadeza se usakA putra apane pitA kA AjJAkArI bana gyaa| tatpazcAt vaha dhanArjana ke lie dezAMtara ko ravAnA huA / usakI anupasthiti meM usakI patnI prabhAvatI parapuruSa kI abhilASavatI huii| jyoMhI vaha parapuruSa ke sAtha ramaNa karane calI, sArikA ne use roka diyA / prabhAvatI ne usakA galA maror3akara use mAra denA cAhA, lekina vaha na marI / zuka sArikA se adhika catura thA / usane prabhA. batI ko 70 kahAniyA~ sunAkara usake zIla kI rakSA kI / kAdaMbarI meM kahAnI kahane vAlA zuka hai| tathA dekhiye jAtaka (naM. 198) / paMcAkhyAnavArtika (je harTala, lAijiga, 1922) meM 26 vIM kathA meM kAzmIra ke navahaMsa rAjAko kathA AtI hai| usane zuka ko dezavideza meM bhramaNa karane bhejA / bhramaNa karatA huA vaha strIrAjya meM phuNcaa| rAnI ne use cAra samasyAyeM dI aura sAtha meM eka patra / maMtriyoM ko ekatra kiyA gayA / anta meM bhAruDa zAvaka ko usake pitA ne samasyA kA artha batAyA ki potamapura meM tilakamaMjarI nAma kI vaNika putrI rAjA se prema karatI hai|

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zakuna - zakunI saMvAda kisI zakuna aura zakunI ne jamadagni kI dAr3hI meM ghoMsalA banA liyA / eka bAra zakuna apanI zakunI se kahane lagA-bhadre ! tuma yahIM rahanA, maiM himAlaya parvata para apane mAtA-pitA se milakara jaldI hI A jAU~gA / zakunI -- prANanAtha ! Apa na jaayeN| Apako akele samajhakara kahIM koI takalIpha na dene lage ! zakuna - tU Dara mata ! yadi koI merA parAbhava karegA to maiM usakA pratikAra karane meM samartha hU~ ! zakunI -- kyA bharosA ? kahIM Apa mujhe bhUlakara kisI dUsarI zakunI se prema na karane lageM ! isase mujhe kitanA kaSTa hogA ! zakuna -- tujhe maiM apane prANoM se bhI adhika cAhatA hU~, tere binA maiM thor3e samaya ke lie bhI anyatra nahIM raha sakatA / zakunI -- vizvAsa nahIM hotA ki Apa lauTa kara A jAyeMge ! zakuna --- tU jisakI kahe, usakI zapatha khAne ko taiyAra hU~ ! zakunI -- yadi aisI bAta hai to zapatha khAie ki yadi Apa vApisa na AyeM to isa RSi ko jo pApa lagA hai, vaha Apako lage / zakuna -aura kisI kI bhI zapatha khAne ko maiM taiyAra hU~, lekina isa RSi ke pApa se lipta honA maiM nahIM cAhatA / pakSiyoM kA yaha vArtAlApa sunakara jamadagni ne socA ki kyA bAta hai jo ye pakSI mere pApa ko itanA bar3A batA rahe haiM / jamadagni ne donoM ko pakar3akara pUchA- are pakSiyo ! dekhate nahIM, kitane hajAroM varSoM se maiM kumAra brahmacArI raha kara tapazcaryA kara rahA hU~ ? maiMne kaunasA pApa kiyA hai jo tuma merI zapatha khAne se inkAra karate ho ? zakuna ne uttara diyA - maharSi ! nissaMtAna hone ke kAraNa Apa nadI jala ke vega se ukhar3e hue nirAlaMba vRkSa kI bhAMti, kugati ko prApta kareMge / ApakA nAma taka koI na legA / kyA yaha kucha kama pApa hai ? kyA Apa anya RSiyoM ke putroM ko nahIM dekhate ? yaha sunakara RSi araNyavAsa chor3akara dArasaMgraha ke lie cala diyA / ' zuka kI eka dUsarI kahAnI dekhie - vasudevahiMDI, pR0 236 1.

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6 paMkha tor3ane para kahAnI sunAnevAlA zuka eka bAra kisI bhIla ne jaMgala meM se eka zuka ko pakar3A / usakA eka paira tor3a aura usakI eka AMkha phor3a usane zuka ko bAjAra meM chor3a diyA / zuka AkhyAna aura kathA kahAniyA~ sunAne meM kuzala thA / saMyogavaza vaha zrAvakaputra jinadAsa kI strI ke hAtha par3a gayA / jinadAsa kI strI ne use mAra DAlane ko dhamakI dI / usane zuka ke paMkha ukhAr3anA zurU kiyA / zuka ne socA ki isa taraha marane se kyA lAbha / ataeva jyoMhI jinadAsa kI strI usakA paMkha ukhAr3atI, vaha use kahAnI sunAtA / usane use nAina, vaNikUkanyA, kolina, kulaputra kI kanyA Adi kI 500 kahAniyA~ sunAIM / rAtri vyatIta ho jAne para jaba zukra ke eka bhI paMkha bAkI na bacA to jinadAsa kI strI ne use ghUre para pheMka diyA / vahA~ se use bAja uThA le gayA aura phira vaha dAsIputra ke hAtha meM A gayA / ' kutUhala evaM jijJAsA kahAniyoM meM kutUhala evaM jijJAsA paidA karane kI kSamatA kA honA Ava zyaka hai / yadi kahAnI sunane se kutUhala aura jijJAsA kA bhAva jAgRta na ho to vaha kahAnI nIrasa ho jAne ke kAraNa manobhAvoM ko ulita karane meM akSama rahatI hai / kisI rAjA ko kahAnI sunane kA zauka thA / usane dUra-dUra taka DoMDI piTavA dI ki jo koI use kabhI samApta na hone vAlI kahAnI sunAyegA, use vaha apanA AdhA rAjya de degA / DoMDI sunakara dUra-dUra ke loga Aye / kisI kI kahAnI eka dina calI, kisI kI do dina, kisI kI tIna dina / eka kahAnI sunAnevAlA tIsa dina taka kahAnI kahatA rahA / rAjA kI AjJA thI ki jisa kisI kI kahAnI samApta ho jAyagI, use mRtyudaMDa bhoganA par3egA / isa prakAra kitane hI logoM ko mRtyudaNDa diye jAne ke bAda eka kathaka ne rAja darabAra meM apanA nAma bhejA / usane kahAnI zurU kIkisI gAMva meM koI kisAna rahatA thA / bhAgya se acchI varSA huI aura usakI khetI khUba phUlI - phalI / phasala paka jAne para usane use kATA aura eka bahuta bar3e khalihAna meM bhara diyA / khalihAna meM anAja bharakara vaha caina se rahane lagA / 1. AvazyakacUrNi, pR0 522-26

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lekina kucha hI dinoM bAda eka TiDDIdala khalihAna para TUTa par3A / havA Ane ke lie khalihAna kI morI meM se hokara eka TiDDI praveza karatI aura phurra se ur3a jaatii| rAjA ko lakSya karake kathaka ne kahA-mahArAja ! sunie, eka TiDDI ur3I phurra, dUsarI TiDDI ur3I phurra, tIsarI TiDDI ur3I phurra, cauthI TiDDI ur3I phurra pAMcavIM TiDDI ur3I phurra / rAjA ne pUchA-phira kyA huA ? "mahArAja, chaThI TiDDI ur3I phurI, sAtavIM TiDDI ur3I phurra, AThavIM TiDDI ur3I phurra / " "usake bAda ?" "nauvIM TiDDI ur3I phurI,, dasavIM TiDDI ur3I phurra |"....sauviiN TiDDI ur3I phurr| isa prakAra rAjA ne jaba dekhA ki kathaka TiDDiyoM ko ur3AtA hI calA jAtA hai, rukane kA nAma nahIM letA, to vaha hAra mAnakara use AdhA rAjya dene ke lie majabUra ho gyaa| ___tAtparya yaha hai ki kahAnI meM kutUhala aura jijJAsA kI paryApta mAtrA honI cAhie, tabhI usameM rocakatA A sakatI hai / 2. jaina kathAkAroM kA uddezya janapada vihAra, janabhASA, laukika kathA sAhitya / prAcIna jaina granthoM meM ullekha hai ki janapada vihAra karane se jaina sAdhuoM kI darzana vizuddhi hotI hai, tathA mahAn AcArya Adi kI saMgati prApta kara ve apane ko dharma meM dRr3ha rakha sakate haiM / janapada vihAra karate samaya unheM magadha, mAlavA, mahArASTra, lATa, karNATaka, dravir3a, gauDa aura vidarbha Adi kI dezI bhASAoM se suparicita honA cAhie jisase ki ve sarvasAdhAraNa ko unakI bhASAoM meM upadeza de sakeM / ' bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI strI, bAla, vRddha tathA akSara jJAna se zUnya sarva-sAmAnya janatA ko apane nirgrantha pravacana kA lokabhASA ardhamAgadhI meM hI upadeza diyA thA / 1. bRhatkalpabhASya, janapadaprakaraNa ( 1229-30, 1236) 2. amha itthibAlavuDDhaakkharaayANamANANaM aNukaMpaNatthaM savvasattasamadarasIhiM addhamAgahAe bhAsAte sutta uddiThaM - AcArAMgacUrNI, pR0 255

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Age calakara jaina AcAryoM ne isI paramparA kA anukaraNa karate hue sAhitya kA sarjana kiyA / jana-kalyANa ke lie unhoMne vividha kathAoM aura AkhyAnoM kA Azraya liyA aura prAkRta meM vipula kathA-sAhitya kA nirmANa kara jaina sAhitya ke bhaNDAra ko samRddha banAyA / vaidika sAhitya meM bahuta karake devIdevatAoM kI alaukika kathA kahAniyoM kI hI pradhAnatA thI jinase sAmAnyajana camatkRta to avazya hotA, kintu pAtroM ke sAtha vaha AtmIyatA sthApita nahIM kara pAtA thA / jaina vidvAnoM ne isa dRSTikoNa meM parivartana kiyA / dharmakathAnuyoga kI mukhyatA dRSTivAda ke pAMca vibhAgoM meM anuyoga (digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra prathamAnuyoga) eka mukhya vibhAga hai| isake prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, dravyAnuyoga aura caraNAnuyoga ina cAra prakAroM meM prathamAnuyoga (athavA dharmakathAnuyoga) ko sabase pramukha batAyA gayA hai| prathamAnuyoga athavA dharmakathAnuyoga meM sadAcArI, dhIra evaM vIra puruSoM kA jIvana-carita rahatA hai, ataeva jaina kathA-sAhitya kI dRSTi se yaha mahattvapUrNa hai / jaina paramparA meM jisa viSayavastu kA samAveza dharmakathAnuyoga meM hotA hai, bauddha paramparA meM usakA samAveza suttanta athavA suttapiTaka (dIghanikAya, majjhimanikAya, saMyuttanikAya, aMguttaranikAya aura khuddakanikAya) meM kiyA jAtA hai| bauddhasUtroM kI eka bhaviSyavANI meM bauddha dharma para Ane vAle khataroM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| khatarA yaha thA ki bauddha bhikSu tathAgata ke artha-gambhIra, lokottara tathA zUnyatA kA prarUpaNa karane vAle upadeza kI avahelanA kara tathAgata ke ziSyoM aura kaviyoM ke kAvyamaya aura sundara vAkya-vinyAsa se alaMkRta laukika upadezoM kI ora AkRSTa ho rahe the / ' isase bhI karaNAnuyoga, dravyAnuyoga aura caraNAnuyoga kI tulanA meM dharmakathAnuyoga kI lokapriyatA lakSita hotI hai| vaise adhyAtmavidyA, tattvajJAna, pramANazAstra, yogavidyA, Ayurveda, jyotiSa, gaNita, mantravidyA Adi kitane hI mahattvapUrNa upayogI zAstra haiM, lekina jaina vidvAnoM ne kathA-sAhitya ke mAdhyama se hI inakA prarUpaNa karanA hitakara smjhaa| arthazAstra, kAmazAstra, saMgIta, svapnavicAra, ratnaparIkSA, maNizAstra, khanyavidyA aura pAkazAstra Adi laukika viSayoM, 1. saMyuttanikAya 20. 7, pR. 222; aMguttaranikAya 4. 160, 5.79.5

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tathA zAsanavyavasthA ke antargata aparAdha aura daNDa, sainyavyavasthA, rAjakaravyavasthA; ArthikavyavasthA ke antargata khetI-bArI, vanija-vyApAra, udyoga-dhandhe; sAmAjikavyavasthA ke antargata jAti-pAti, striyoM kA sthAna, adhyayana-adhyApana, kalA aura vijJAna, rIti-rivAja, tathA dhArmikavyavasthA ke antargata zramaNa sampradAya, laukika devI-devatA Adi kI upayogI carcA bhI prAkRta jaina kathAgranthoM meM kI gayI hai / kathAoM ke prakAra kathA ke do prakAra batAye haiM-carita (jisameM mahAn puruSoM ke yathArtha caritoM kA varNana ho) aura kalpita (jisameM kalpanA pradhAna kathAe~ hoN)| strI aura puruSa ke bheda se donoM ke do bheda haiN| dharma, artha aura kAma sambadhI kAryoM se sambaddha dRSTa, zruta aura anubhUta vastu kA kathana carita-kathA hai / isake viparIta, kuzala puruSoM dvArA jisakA pUrvakAla meM upadeza kiyA gayA ho, usakI apanI buddhi se yojanA kara kathana karanA kalpita-kathA hai / carita aura kalpita AkhyAna adbhuta, zRGgAra aura hAsyarasapradhAna hote haiN|' __ anyatra artha, dharma aura kAma kI apekSA puruSoM ke tIna prakAra kahe gaye hai| artha kI apekSA uttama puruSa apane pitA aura pitAmaha dvArA arjita dhana kA upabhoga karatA huA usameM vRddhi karatA hai, madhyama puruSa usakI hAni karatA hai aura adhama puruSa use khA-pIkara ThikAne lagA detA hai| dharma kI apekSA, svayaMbuddha puruSa ko uttama aura buddhoM dvArA bodhita puruSa ko madhyama kahA gayA hai| kAma kI apekSA dUsare ko cAhatA hai aura dUsarA bhI use cAhatA hai, use uttama, jise anya koI cAhatA hai lekina cAhane vAle ko vaha nahIM cAhatA use madhyama, tathA jo anya kisI ko cAhatA hai lekina anya use nahIM cAhatA, use adhama puruSa kahA gayA hai| 1. vasudevahiMDI, pR0 208-9 2. vahI, pR0 101 / tulanIya, zukasaptati (57 vIM kathA) kI kathA se| yahA~ uttama, madhyama aura adhama ke nimna lakSaNa batAye gaye haiMuttama-raktAM yo bhAminI devi ! saktAM kAmayate sadA / tayApi kAmyate'tyarthamuttamaH so'bhidhIyate // 265 / / madhyama-kAminIbhiH smarArtAbhiH satataM kAmyate hi yaH / na tAH kAmayate namro madhyamo nAyakaH smRtaH // 264 / / adhama-hato manyusahasraryaH saMtapto madanAgninA / raktazca yo viraktAyAM so'dhamaH parikIrtitaH // 263 //

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dazavaikAlika niyukti meM artha, kAma, dharma aura mizrita kathAoM ke bheda se kathA ke cAra bheda batAye haiM / haribhadrasUri ne isa bheda ko mAnya kiyA hai / kintu kuvalayamAlA ke karttA dAkSiNyacihna udyotanasUri ne artha aura kAmakathA ke pUrva dharmakathA kA ullekha kara dharmakathA ko pramukhatA dI hai / isI racanA meM anyatra kathA ke pAMca prakAra batAye gae haiM-sakalakathA, khaNDakathA ullApakathA, parihAsakathA tathA varakathA / kuvalayamAlA ko saMkIrNa kathA kahA gayA hai kyoMki isameM samasta kathAoM ke lakSaNa vidyamAna haiM / haribhadrasUri ne AcArya paramparAgata divya, divya - mAnuSya kathAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / " kautUhala kI lIlAvaI - kahA meM bhI kathAoM ke ina prakAroM kA ullekha hai jinakI racanA mahAkaviyoM ne saMskRta, prAkRta tathA saMkIrNa (saMskRta - prAkRta) bhASAoM meM kI hai / yahA~ vyAkaraNa (zabdazAstra) 1. niryukti gAthA 3. 188; hAribhadrIyavRtti, pR0 106 / 2. samarAiccakahA, bhUmikA, pR0 3, paNDita bhagavAnadAsa 3. 7:8, pR0 4 | hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana (8.7-8 pR0 462-65) meM AkhyAyikA, kathA, AkhyAna, nidarzana, pravahnikA, manthallikA, maNikulyA, parikathA, khaNDakathA, sakalakathA, upakathA aura bRhatkathA - ye kathA ke bheda batAye haiM / sAhityadarpaNa (6.334-35) meM nimnalikhita dasa bheda pAye jAte haiM -AkhyAyikA, kathA, kathAnikA, khaNDakathA, parikathA; sakalakathA, AkhyAna, upAkhyAna, citrakathA aura upakathA / samarAicca kahA ko sakalakathA kahA gayA hai / AkhyAyikA aitihAsika athavA paramparAgata hotI hai jabaki kathA meM kalpanA kA prAdhAnya pAyA jAtA hai / zRGgAra prakAza ke kartA bhojarAja ne bANa kI kAdambarI aura kautUhala kI lIlAvaI ko zreSTha kathAe~ kahA hai / anya prAkRta kAvyoM meM zUdrakakathA indumatI ( khaNDakathA ), setubandha gorocanA, anaMgavatI (mandhulI), ceTaka (pravahnikA), mArIcavadha, rAvaNavijaya, abdhimanthana, bhImakAvya, harivijaya kA ullekha kiyA hai| DAkTara vI. rAghavana, bhojarAjazzRGgAra prakAza, pR0 818, madrAsa, 1963: kAvyAnuzAsana, 8.8, pR0 463-65 / saMskRta - chAyAnuvAda sahita, 1938 / 4. 5. 6. 10 kahIM kutUhala se, kahIM paravacana se prerita hone ke kAraNa, kahIM saMskRta meM, kahIM apabhraMza meM, kahIM drAvir3a aura paizAcI bhASA meM racita, kathA ke sarvaguNoM se saMpanna, zRGgAra rasa se manohara, suracita aMga se yukta, sarva kalAgama se sugama kathA saMkIrNakathA haikoUhale katthai para- vayaNa - vaseNa sakkaya- NibaddhA / kiMci avabbhaMsa- kayA dAviya - pesAya - bhAsillA // savva-kahA- guNa - juttA siMgAra-maNoharA suraiyaMgI / savva kalAgama - suhayA saMkiNNa-kahati NAyavvA // kuvalayamAlA 7, pR0 4 samarAiccakahA, pR0 3 gAthA, 35-36 /

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ko mahattva na dete hue usI kathA ko zreSTha kahA hai ki jisase saralatA pUrvaka spaSTa artha kA jJAna ho ske|' vikathAoM kA tyAga jAna par3atA hai ki kAlAntara meM zanaiH zanaiH dharmakathA kI ora se vimukha hokara jaina zramaNa ( bauddha bhI) azobhana kathAoM kI ora AkarSita hone lage jisase AcAryoM ko vikathAoM strIkathA, bhaktakathA, dezakathA, rAjakathA-se dUra rahane kA Adeza denA pdd'aa| bauddhasUtroM meM kahA hai ki bauddha bhikSu ucca zabda karate hue, mahAzabda karate hue, khaTakhaTa zabda karate hue rAjakathA, corakathA janapadakathA, strIkathA Adi aneka prakAra kI nirarthaka kathAoM meM saMlagna rahate the, jaba ki gautama buddha ne ina kathAoM kA niSedha kara, dAna, zIla aura bhogopabhoga tyAga saMbaMdhI kathAe~ kahane aura zravaNa karane kA upadeza diyaa| ___ dazavaikAlika niyukti (207) meM strI, bhakta, rAja, cora, janapada, naTa, nartaka jalla (rassI para khela dikhAne vAle bAjIgara), aura muSTika (malla vikathAoM kA ullekha hai| yahA~ jaina sAdhukoM ko Adeza hai ki unheM zRGgAra rasa se uddIpta, moha se phUtkRta, jAjvalyamAna mohotpAdaka kathA na kahanI cAhie / to phira kaunasI 1. bhaNiyaM ca piyayamAe piyayama kiM teNa sahasattheNa / jeNa suhAsiya- maggo bhaggo amhArisa jaNassa // uvalabbhai jeNa phuDaM attho akayatthieNa hiyaeNa / so ceyaM paro saho Nicco ki lakkhaNeNamhaM // 39-40 / vikathA kA lakSaNajo saMjao pamatto rAgaddosavasagao parikahei / sA u vikahA pavayaNe paNNattA dhIrapurisehiM ||-dshvaikaalikniyukti (3.211, pR0 113a) - jo koI saMyata muni pramatta bhAva se rAgadveSa ke adhIna huA kathA kahatA hai, use pravacana meM dhIra puruSoM ne vikathA kahA hai / sthAnAMga sUtra meM cAra vikathAoM kA aura samavAyAMga (29) meM vikathAnuyoga kA ullekha hai / tathA dekhie, nizItha bhASya (pIThikA, 118-30) / 4. dekhie vinayapiTaka, mahAvagga 5.7.15, nAlandA devanAgarI prAli granthamAlA, 1956 ...tathA dIghanikAya, sAmaaphalasutta (1-2), pR0 25; poTThapAdasuta (1-9), pR. 67; mahApadAnasutta (2-1), pR0 107; udumbarikasIhanAda (3-2), pR0 226; rAhula sAMkRtyA yana, hindI anuvAda, 1935 / / 5. vaTTakera ke mUlAcAra (vAkyazuddhi-nirUpaNa) meM strI, artha, bhaka, kheTa, karbaTa, rAja, * cora, janapada, magara aura Akara kathAoM ke nAma Ate haiM / deveMdrasUrikRta sudaMsaNA cariya (prathama uddeza) meM rAja, strI, bhakta aura janapada kathAoM ke tyAga kA upadeza hai| .

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kathA ve kaheM ? vairAgya se pUrNa tapa aura niyama saMbaMdhI kathAe~, jinheM zravaNa kara saMvega nirveda bhAva kI vRddhi ho / arthabahula kathA kA isa prakAra kathana karanA cAhie jisase ki kathA ke bahuta lambI ho jAne se zrotA ko vaha bhArI na par3e ati prapaMca vAlI kathA se kathA kA prayojana hI naSTa ho jAtA hai, ataeva kSetra, kAla, puruSa tathA apanI sAmarthya ko samajha-bUjhakara nirdoSa kathA kahanA hI ucita hai / ' 3. zRGgArapradhAna kAmasaMbaMdhI kathAe~ kahA jA cukA hai ki kathA ko rocaka banAne ke lie usameM manoraMjana, kutUhala evaM jijJAsA kA bhAva Avazyaka hai / lekina kathA ko sarasa banAne ke lie usameM prema tattva bhI cAhie / prema meM rUpa-saundarya ko AtmasAt karane ke lie apanI vaiyaktikatA ke bAhara jAkara hameM usa vyakti, vicAra athavA kriyA-kalApa ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita karanA hotA hai| jaba hama kisI sundara nAyikA ko bAra-bAra dekhate haiM to usase hamAre mana meM usake prati premabhAva utpanna hotA hai| prema se rati, rati se vizrambha aura vizrambha se praNaya kI utpatti hotI hai| rati siMgArarasuttaiyA mohakuviyaphuphugA hasahasiti / jaM suNamANassa kahaM samaNeNa Na sA kaheyavvA / samaNeNa kaheyavvA tavaniyamakahA virAgasaMjuttA / jaM soUNa maNusso vaccai saMveganivveyaM / / asthamahaMtIvi kahA aparikilesabahulA kaheyavvA / haMdi mahayA caDagarataNeNa atthaM kahA haNai // khetaM kAla purisaM sAmattha cappaNo viyANettA / samaNeNa u aNavajjA pagayaMmi kahA kaheyavvA // 212-15 yahAM kathA ke mUlakartA aura AkhyAtA kI apekSA, kathAoM ko akathA, kathA aura vikathA-ina tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| kathA kA lakSaNa hai: tavasaMjamaguNadhArI jaM caraNatthA kahiMti sabbhAvaM / savvajagajIvahiyaM sA kahA desiyA samaye // 21 // - jise tapa aura saMyama ke dhAraka sadbhAvapUrvaka kahate haiM, saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM kA hita karane vAlI ghaha kathA satkathA hai| 2. sai daMsaNAu pemma pemAu raI raIe vissaMbho / / vissaMbhAo paNao paM vaha vaDDhae pemmaM // - bRhatkalpabhASya (1.2268-69); dazavaikAlikacUrNI 3, pR0 106, gAthA saptazatI (7.75) meM prema kA nimnalikhita mArga batAyA hai atthakarUsaNaM khaNapasijjaNa aliavannnnibbNdho|| ummaccharasantAvo puttaa ! paavI siNehassa // - acAnaka rUTha jAnA. kSaNabhara meM prasanna ho jAnA, jhUTha bolakara kisI bAta kA Agraha ... karanA aura IrSyA ke kAraNa saMtapta rahanA-yaha prema kA mArga hai /

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zRGgAra rasa kA sthAyI bhAva hai| zRGgAra rasoM kA rAjA hai aura isI rasa ko pUrNa rasa mAnA gayA hai, bAkI isakI saMpUrNatA kI madhyavartI sthitiyA~ batAyI gayI haiM / prAcIna granthoM meM rUpa saundarya, avasthA, vezabhUSA, dAkSiNya, kalAoM kI zikSA tathA dRSTa (dekhe hue), zruta (sune hue) aura anubhUta (anubhava kiye hue) kA paricaya prakaTa karane ko kAma kathA kahA hai|' haribhadrasUri ne isI kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki jisameM kAma upAdAna rUpa meM ho tathA bIca-bIca meM dUtI vyApAra, ramaNabhAva, anaMgalekha, lalita kalA aura anurAgapulakita Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA ho, use kAmakathA kahate haiM / agar3adatta kA kAmopAkhyAna ___ agar3adatta ujjainI ke amogharatha nAma ke sArathI kA putra thA / pitA kA dehAnta ho jAne para vaha kauzAmbI pahu~cA aura apane pitA ke parama mitra dRr3haprahArI nAmaka AcArya ke pAsa rahakara zastravidyA sIkhane lagA / yahA~ AcArya ke par3osa meM rahane vAlI sAmadattA nAma kI sundara yuvatI se usakA paricaya ho gayA / vaha pratidina vidyA sIkhane meM saMlagna agar3adatta para phala, patra aura puSpamAlA pheMkakara usakA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA karatI / eka dina vaha yuvatI usI vRkSavATikA meM A pahu~cI jahA~ agar3adatta vidyAbhyAsa kara rahA thaa| rakta azoka vRkSa kI zAkhA ko bAyeM hAtha se pakaDe, apane sahaja uThAye hue eka paira ko vRkSa ke skandha para rakhe hue usa yuvatI para agar3adatta kI najara paDI / vaha kaisI thI ? navazirISa ke sundara puSpake samAna, suvarNa ke kUrma jaise caraNoM vAlI; atyanta vilAsa ke kAraNa cakita karane vAle kadalIstambha ke samAna uruyugala vAlI; mahAnadI ke taTa ke sparza ke samAna sukumAra jaMghA vAlI; haMsapaMkti ke samAna zabda karatI huI kaTimekhalA vAlI; ISat roma paMkti vAlI; kAmarati meM vRddhi karanevAle, urutaTa kI zobhA bar3hAne vAle saMgharSa ke kAraNa vRddhi ko prApta sajjana janoM kI mitratA kI bhA~ti bar3hane vAle tathA paraspara antara rahita payodharoM vAlI; prazasta lakSaNoM se yukta aura 1... rUvaM vao ya veso dakkhattaM sikkhiyaM ca visaesuM / dila suyamaNubhUyaM ca saMthavo ceva kAmakahA - dazavaikAlika niyukti 3. 192, pR0 109 2. jA uNa kAmovAyANa visayA vitta-vapu-vvaya-kalA-dakkhiNNaparigayA, aNurAa pulaiapaDivattijoasArA, daIvAvAraramiyabhAvANuvataNAi payatthasaMgayA sA kAmakahatti bhnnnni| - samarAiccakahA, pR. 3

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romayukta bAhulatA vAlI; rakta hathelI se yukta, komala, atirekhA se abahula kramAgata sujAta uGgaliyoM tathA rakta-tAmra nakhoM se yukta agrahasta vAlI; bahuta adhika pralambamAna nahIM aise rakta oTha vAlI; sujAta, zuddha aura sundara dantapaMkti vAlI; raktakamala ke patra kI bhA~ti jihvA vAlI; uttama aura unnata nAsikA vAlI; aMjulipramANa, tiryaka, vistRta, nIla kamala ke patra kI bhA~ti nayanoM vAlI; saMgata bhRkuTiyoM vAlI; paMcamI ke candra ke samAna lalATapaTTa vAlI tathA kAjala aura bhramarAvali ke samAna mRdu, vizada, aura sugandhi phailAne vAle, sarva kusumoM se suvAsita kezapAza vaalii|' apanA paricaya dene ke uparAMta sAmadattA ne nivedana kiyA ki jabase usane agar3adatta ko dekhA hai tabhI se vaha kAma-bANa se ghAyala ho gayI hai, aura kAma se pIr3ita ho usakI zaraNa AI hai| agaDadatta ne uttara diyA-sundarI ! maiM yahA~ vidyAdhyayana karane AyA hU~, vinaya kA ullaMghana karanA mere lie ucita nahIM / sAmadattA-bhartRdAraka ! Apa jAnate haiM, kAmI kauna hotA hai ? kulazIla meM koI kalaMka upasthita na karane vAlA vyakti kAmI nahIM kahA jAtA / dharmakathAoMmeM zRGgAra ____ isa taraha ke anya kitane hI premAkhyAna prAcIna jaina kathAgraMthoM meM ullikhita haiM jisase patA lagatA hai ki jaina graMthakAroM ne dharma-kathAoM meM zRGgArayukta premAkhyAnoM kA samAveza kara unheM apane pAThakoM aura zrotAoM ke lie rucikara banAne kI ceSTA kI / vasudevahiMDIkAra ne likhA hai-nahuSa, nala, dhuMdhumAra, nihasa, pururava, mAMdhAtA, rAma rAvaNa, janamejaya, rAma, kaurava, paMDusuta, naravAhanadatta Adi laukika kAmakathAe~ sunakara loga ekAnta meM kAma-kathAoM kA rasa lete haiM / isase sugati ko le jAne 1. vahI, pR. 35-37 / nemicandra AcArya kI uttarAdhyayama kI vRtti meM sAmadatA kI jagaha kanakamaMjarI kA nAma hai, vaha vivAhita thii| ullekhanIya hai ki vasudevahiMDI meM anyatra bhI nAyikAoM kA varNana isI prakAra kI sAhityika samAsAMta padAvalI meM kiyA gyaa-hai|. dekhiye gaMdharvadattA (pR. 132 ), baMdhumatI ( 280) ketumatI (349), prabhAvatI ( 351 ) Adi ke varNana / 2. isa prasaMga para nemicandrIya uttarAdhyayana vRtti ( pR0 81-a) meM kAma kI dasa avasthAoM kA varNana hai| isake pUrva bRhatkalpabhASya ( 2258- 61 ) meM dasa kAmavegoM kA varNana hai| 3. vasudevahiNDI, pR0 38

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15 kAle dharma zravaNa karane kI icchA bhI unameM nahIM rahatI - aise hI jaise ki jvarapitta se jisakA mu~ha kaDuA ho gayA hai, use guDa-zakkara khANDa athavA bUrA bhI kaDuA lagane lagatA hai|....aNtev jaise koI vaidya amRtasvarUpa auSadha - pAna se parAGmukha rogI manobhilaSita auSadhapAna ke bahAne apanI auSadhi pilA detA hai, usI prakAra kAmakathA meM rata hRdaya vAle logoM kA manoraMjana karane ke lie, maiM zRGgArakathA ke bahAne apanI dharmakathA unheM sunAtA hU~ / ' kuvalayamAlA ke karttA udyotanasUri ne bhI apanI dharmakathA ko kAmazAstra se sambaddha batAte hue kahA hai ki pAThaka ise arthavihIna na samajheM, kyoMki dharma kI prApti meM yaha kAraNa hai / suvijJa zrotAoM evaM pAThakoM se apanI kathA ko kAna dekara zravaNa karane kA anurodha karate hue, navAgata vadhU se usakI tulanA karate hue graMthakAra ne kahA hai "vaha alaMkAra sahita hai, subhaga hai, lalita padAvali se yukta hai mRdu aura maMjula saMlApa vAlI hai, sahRdaya janoM ko Ananda pradAna karane vAlI hai-isa prakAra navavadhU ke samAna vaha zobhita hotI hai / "3 premakrIDAe~ kitanI hI vAra vasaMta krIr3AoM athavA madana - mahotsavoM Adi ke avasaroM para navaveza dhAraNa kiye hue yuvaka aura yuvatiyoM kA paraspara milana hotA aura madanazara se ghAyala ho ve apanI sudha-budha kho baiThate haiN| yuvaka kAmajvara se pIr3ita rahane lagatA; yuvatI kI bhI yahI dazA hotI / karpUra, candana aura jalasiMcita tAlavRnta Adi se upacAra kiyA jAtA / prema-patroM kA AdAna pradAna zurU ho jAtA / kabhI koI yuktI kisI rAjA Adi ke guNoM kI prazaMsA suna, athavA usakA citra dekha usa para mugdha ho jAtI / saMdezavAhaka kA kAma zuka se liyA jAtA / zuka ke peTa meM se eka sundara hAra aura kastUrI se likhA huA premapatra nikalatA / patra par3hakara 1. vasudevahiMDI bhAga 2 muni puNyavijayajI kI saMzodhitahastalikhita prati pR. 3 2. amhe vi erisA cauvvihA dhammakahA samADhattA / teNa kiMci kAmasatthasaMbaddhaM pi bhaNNieis taM ca mA NiratthayaM ti gaNejjA / kiMtu dhmmpddivttikaarnnN.....| - kuvalayamAlA. 9, pR0 5 3. sAlaMkArA suhayA laliyapayA mauya - maMju - saMlAvA / sahiyANa dei harisaM ubvUDhA NavavahU ceva // - vahI, 8, pR04

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16 rAjA vyAkula ho jAtA aura apanI premikA kI khoja meM nikala pdd'taa|'purussoN kA bhI yahI hAla thA / kisI rUpavatI yuvatI ke rUpa-saundarya kI prazaMsA se AkRSTa huA rAjA ratnazekhara joginI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara usase milane ke lie prasthAna karatA hai| kAmadeva ke maMdira meM premI aura premikA kA milana hotA hai| kabhI sarpadaMza athavA unmatta hastI ke AkramaNa se kisI yuvatI kI rakSA karane ke upalakSya meM yuvatI ke mAtA-pitA yuvaka ke bala-pauruSa se prabhAvita ho, apanI kanyA use de dete / sArvajanika nRtya ke avasara para sundara nartakI ke kaTAkSabANa se ghAyala huA koI chailachabIlA nartakI ko prApta karane kA prayatna karatA, athavA vINAvAdana Adi pratiyogitAoM meM vijayI hokara yuvatI ke pANigrahaNa kA bhAgI hotA / gaNikA kI kanyAoM se vivAha karanA bhI nItiviruddha na samajhA jAtA / vasudevahiMDI meM aneka prasaMga aise Ate haiM jabaki kisI sundara strI ke rUpalAvaNya se AkRSTa ho koI yuvaka use prApta karane kI ceSTA karatA hai. athavA kisI sAdhu-muni yA naimittika kI bhaviSyavANI ke anusAra donoM kA pariNaya ho jAtA hai| kanakaratha rAjA kI rAnI candrAbhA dvArA pada prakSAlana ke samaya usake komala karasparza se kAma pIr3ita huA madhu, candrAbhA ko prApta karane kI ceSTA karane lgaa| kanakaratha ke sAtha usane mela jola bar3hAyA jisase kanakaratha apanI rAnI ke sAtha madhu ke ghara Ane jAne lgaa| eka dina maukA pAkara madhu ne candrAbhA ke AbhUSaNa taiyAra karAne ke bahAne use ghara meM roka kanakaratha ko bidA kara diyaa| vidyAdharoM meM to eka dUsare kI bhAryA kA apaharaNa karane kI mAno hor3a lagI rahatI thii| vidyAdharoM ke svAmI mAnasavega ne kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ko isalie bAMdha liyA ki usane usakI bahana se svecchAnusAra vivAha kara liyA thA / aura mAnasavega ne vasudeva kI bhAryA kA apaharaNa kara liyaa| isI prakAra vidyAdhararAja 1. dekhie padmacandrasUri ke ajJAtanAmA ziSyakRta prAkRtakathAsaMgraha meM ullikhita sundarIdevI kA AkhyAna: jagadIzacandra jaina prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 473 / jinaharSagaNikRta rayaNaseharIkahA / milAie, malika muhammada jAyasI kI padmAvata kI kathA ke saath| prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pR0 483-85 vasudevahiNDI pR0 103 4. vahI pR090 5. vahI, pR0 308

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amitagati kI bhUmigocarI priyA sukumAlikA ko dhamasiMha vidyAdhara harakara le gayA thaa|' gAMdharva vivAha kI mAnyatA gAMdharva vivAha meM eka-dUsare kI pasandagI mukhya rahatI thii| kanyA ke mAtA-pitA kI anumati ke binA, binA kisI dhArmika kriyAkANDa aura kulagotra ke nizcaya ke ye vivAha ho jAte aura ina vivAhoM meM kisI ko Apatti na hotI thii| vasudevahiMDI ke nAyaka vasudeva ne 100 varSa taka paribhramaNa kara aneka vidyAdharoM aura rAjakanyAoM se vivAha kiye / inhIM vivAhoM ko lekara saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka ne vasudevahiMDI ke prathama khaNDa meM 29 aura dharmadAsagaNi ne madhyama khaNDa (aprakAzita) ke 71 lambakoM meM vasudeva ke paribhramaNa kI kathA likhI hai| __ tIsare lambaka meM, kathAnAyaka vasudeva ne jaba zreSThI cArudatta kI kanyA ko vINAvAdana meM jIta liyA to cArudatta kahane lagA-"Apane apane divya puruSArtha dvArA gandharvadattA ko prApta kiyA hai, aba Apa nirvighna rUpa se isakA pANigrahaNa kareM / lokazruti hai-brAhmaNa ke brAhmaNI, kSatriyANI, vaizyA aura zUdrANI-ye cAra bhAryAe~ ho sakatI haiM / yaha Apake anurUpa hai, ataeva Apa ise grahaNa kareM / kula-gotra jAnakara Apa kyA kIjiegA ? ataeva yA to Apa agni meM homa kareM yA merI putrI ko karane deM" 27 veM laMbaka meM riSTapura ke rAjA rudhira kI kanyA rohiNI ke svayaMvara ke avasara para uttama vastrAlaMkAroM se vibhUSita rAjA loga svayaMvara maMDapa ke maMca para AsIna the / kathAnAyaka vasudeva bhI paNava (Dholaka) bajAne vAloM ke sAtha paNava hAtha meM liye baiThe the / kaMcukI aura mahattaroM se ghirI huI rohiNI ne maNDapa meM 1. vahI, pR. 140 / dvArakA kI rAjakumArI kamalAmelA kA vivAha rAjA ugrasena ke nAtI dhanadeva ke sAtha honA nizcita ho gayA thaa| vivAha kI taiyAriyA~ ho rahI thiiN| isa samaya zaMba ne vidyAdhara kA veza dhAraNa kara kamalAmelA kA apaharaNa kara liyA aura apane mitra baladeva ke pautra sAgaracandra ke sAtha usakA vivAha karA diyaa| dekhie, bRhatUkalpabhASya 172 aura bRtti, pIThikA, pR0 56-57; do hajAra varasa purAnI kahAniyA~ (prathama saMskaraNa), pR0173| 2. Ara. so Taimpala ke anusAra, gAMdharva vivAha kI pratiSThA isa bAta kI ora lakSya karatI hai ki bhArata ke kSatriya rAjA videzoM meM pahu~ca gaye the| da ozana oNpha sTorI kA Amukha 3. budhasvAmI ke bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha (17, 175, pR0 216) meM isa prasaMga para apane kathana ke pramANa meM manu kA nimna zloka uddhata kiyA hai agrajo'varajAM bhAryoM svIkurvan na praduSyati / 4. vasudevahiMDI, pR0 132

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18 praveza kiyA / jarAsaMgha, kaMsa, pANDu, damaghoSa, drupada, saMjaya Adi uttama kula, zIla, jJAna aura rUpa se sampanna aneka rAjAoM kA rohiNI kI lekhikA ne paricaya karAyA / lekina rohiNI ko koI bhI AkRSTa na kara sakA / anta meM vasudeva ke paNava kA madhura zabda sunakara vaha prabhAvita huI aura vasudeva ke gale meM usane varamAlA DAla dI / yaha dekhakara svayaMvaramaMDapa meM upasthita rAjAgaNa kSubdha ho uThe / kucha loga kahane lage ki usane to eka bAjA bajAne vAle ko vara liyA hai ! daMtavakra ne kanyA ke pitA ko tAnA mArate hue kahA - "yadi terA apane kula para adhikAra nahIM, to tU uttama vaMzotpanna rAjAoM ko ekatra kyoM karatAphiratA hai ?" rudhira ne uttara diyA- maiM kyA kara sakatA hU~ / svayaMvara kA matalaba hI hai| ki kanyA apanI pasandagI kA vara cune / daMtavakra - ThIka hai ki tumane apanI kanyA svayaMvara meM dI hai, kintu maryAdA kA ullaMghana karanA ucita nahIM hai / isa varaNa kiye hue puruSa ko tyAga kara, hama kSatriyoM meM se kisI ko yaha kyoM nahIM vara letI ? yaha sunakara vasudeva se vinA bole na rahA gayA / usane kahA- -kyA gAyanavAdana Adi kalAoM kI zikSA kSatriyoM ke lie niSiddha hai jo tU mere hAtha meM paNava dekhakara mujhe akSatriya kahatA hai ? yAda rakha, aba to bAhubala hI mere kula kA nizcaya karegA / Ao, yuddha ke lie taiyAra ho isa prakAra svayaMvara meM kanyA ke lie yuddha ho jAnA balki yuddha honA Avazyaka mAnA jAtA thA / nahIM to pauruSa ke pradarzana kA aura kaunasA avasara thA / jAo / ' zrAvastI nagarI ke rAjA eNIputra ne apanI kanyA priyaMgusundarI ke svayamvara kI ghoSaNA kI / kintu svayamvara meM koI rAjA use pasanda nahIM AyA / vaha maMDapa se aise hI lauTa gayI jaise ki samudra kI laharoM se pratihata nadI lauTa jAtI hai / yaha dekhakara rAjA kSubdha ho uThe / kahane lage- itane kSatriyoM meM se kyA use eka bhI pasanda nahIM par3A ? eNIputra ko lakSya karake unhoMne kahA ki usane nAhaka hI itane rAjAoM ko bulAkara unakA apamAna kiyA / 1. vasudevahiMDI, pR0 364 sAdhAraNa - sI bAta thI; kSatriya rAjAoM ko apane

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2 eNIputra ne uttara diyA-kanyA ko svayamvara meM dene ke pazcAt usa para pitA kA adhikAra nahIM raha jAtA / tuma logoM kA kaunasA apamAna ho gayA ? rAjAoM ne ruSTa hokara kahA ye saba jhUTha haiN| hamezA parAkrama kI jaya hotI hai / yadi hama bala kA prayoga kareM to dekhate haiM, yaha hameM kaise varaNa nahIM karatI ? tatpazcAt donoM daloM meM yuddha Thana gayA / ' kAmakrIDA kA varNana kahA jA cukA hai ki dharmakathAoM meM zRGgAra rasa kA puTa dekara jaina AcAryoM ne apane kathA-sAhitya ko adhika-se-adhika rocaka banAne kA prayatna kiyA / kathAnAyaka ko deza-dezAntaroM meM paribhramaNa karA, aneka sundariyoM ke sAtha usakA vivAha karAyA gayA / vivAha ke pazcAt kAmakrIr3A ke sAdhanoM ko juTAyA gayA / nAyaka aura apanI nAyikA ko unhoMne garbhagRha meM praveza karAyA jahA~ saMbhogasukha kA AsvAdana karate hue, ratijanya kheda se zrAMta donoM sukha kI nidrA kA Alaukika Ananda lene lage / garbhagRha meM pahu~ca, nAyaka vahA~ biche hue sundara komala zayanIya para vizrAma karatA aura paricArikA usake pairoM kA apane komala hastoM aura vakSasthala kA apane sukumAra urojoM dvArA saMvAhana kara usakI zrAMti dUra karatI / jaise hastinI hastI ko ratisukha kA Ananda detI hai, vaise hI paricArikA nAyaka ko Ananda pradAna karatI / jaina rAmAyaNa ke anusAra, rAjA dazaratha kI patnI kaikeyI zayanopacAra (sayaNovayAra)-kAmakrIr3A meM vicakSaNa thI, isalie rAjA ne usase vara mAMgane kA anurodha kiyA thA / 1. vahI, pR0 265-66 2. vahI, pR. 102 / budhasvAmIkRta bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha (10.139-153, pR0 123-24) meM isa prasaMga para ratijanyasaMkSobha dUra karane ke lie stanotpIr3ita nAmaka saMvAhana zreSTha batAyA gayA hai| paricArikA zreSTha stanoM vAle apane vakSa ke dvArA nAyaka ke vakSa kA saMvAhana karatI hai| vasudevahiMDI aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha donoM hI racanAe~ guNADhya kI baDDakahA (Ajakala anupalabdha) se prabhAvita jAna par3atI haiN| isa saMbandha meM Age calakara carcA kI jaaygii| 3. ise paviyArasukha (pravicArasukha-saMbhogasukha) bhI kahA gayA hai| vasudevahiNDI, pR. 133 4. vasudevahiMDI, pR0 241

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kAma puruSArtha kI mukhyatA haribhadrasUri ne kAma kI mukhyatA pratipAdana karate hue usake abhAva meM dharma aura artha kI siddhi kA niSedha kiyA hai| samarAiccakahA meM samarAditya azoka, kAmAMkura aura lalitAMga' nAmaka mitroM ke sAtha kAmazAstra kI carcA karatA hai, udyAnoM meM ramaNa karatA hai, hiMDoloM meM jhUlatA hai, kusumoM kI zaiyA racatA hai aura viSamabANa (kAmadeva) kI stuti karatA hai| cAroM mitra kAmazAstra kI carcA karate hue kAma ko saMpUrNa rUpa se trivarga kA sAdhana mAnate haiM / kAmazAstrokta prayoga jAnane vAlA puruSa hI apanI strI ke citta kA samyak prakAra se ArAdhana kara sakatA hai, aura putrotpatti hone se vaha vizuddha dAna Adi kriyA ke kAraNa mahAn dharma kI upalabdhi kA bhAgI hotA hai / yadi strI ke citta kA ArAdhana na kiyA jAye to usakA saMrakSaNa nahIM ho sakatA / tathA, strI kA saMrakSaNa na hone se zuddha saMtati (putra) ke abhAva meM, narakagamana ke kAraNa vizuddha dAna Adi kriyA saMpanna nahIM ho sakatI / isase mahAn adharma kA bhAgI honA par3atA hai / kAma ke abhAva meM dharma aura artha kI prApti nahIM hotI aura aisA na hone se puruSArthatA hI niSphala hai / premapatra-vyavahAra __ sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke samparka na hone ke sambandha meM jaina AcAra-granthoM meM kaThora niyamoM kA vidhAna hai, phira bhI unake bIca patrAcAra ko rokanA asaMbhava ho jAtA thaa| kAmoddIpaka varSA Rtu kA Agamana dekhakara kisI sAdhu kA mana vicalita ho jAtA hai aura vaha premapatra dvArA apane mana kI dazA abhivyakta karatA hai yaha samaya mayUroM ko Ananda dene vAlA hai, megha AkAza meM chAye hue haiM / he mita, madhura maMjubhASiNI ! jo apanI priyA ke sAtha haiM, ve kitane bar3abhAgI haiN| patra kA uttara dekhie1. vasudevahiMDI (pR09-10) meM garbhavAsa ke dukha ke udAharaNa svarUpa lalitAMga kA AkhyAna __ AtA hai| kumArapAlapratibodha (prastAva3) meM zIlavatI kathA ke aMtargata azoka, lalitAMga aura kAmAMkura ke nAma Ate haiN| pariziSTa parva (3.19.215.75) bhI dekhie / 2. adhyAya 9, pR0 865-66

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21 "rAtri meM cAMdanI chiTakI huI hai, vAmA kA mArga niruddha hai, madana durdharSa hai, zaradaRtu kitanI suhAvanI laga rahI hai, phira bhI samAgama kA koI upAya nahIM' !" sAdhu-sAdhvI kA premapUrNa saMvAda sAdhu -- tuma Aja bhikSA ke lie nahIM gayI ? sAdhvI--Arya ! merA upavAsa hai / "kyoM ? moha kA ilAja kara rahI hU / lekina tumhArA kyA hAla hai ? maiM bhI usI kA ilAja kara rahA hU~ / ( tatpazcAt donoM meM pravrajyA ke saMbandha meM bAtacIta hone lagatI hai ) sAdhu --tumane kyoM pravrajyA grahaNa kI ? sAdhvI-pati ke mara jAne se / " maiMne patnI ke mara jAne se / " ( sAdhu use sneha - bharI dRSTi se dekhatA hai) "kyA dekha rahe ho ?" sAdhu - donoM kI tulanA kara rahA hU~ / ha~sane, bolane aura saundarya meM tuma merI bhAryA se bilkula milatI julatI ho / tumhArA darzana mere mana meM moha paidA karatA hai / sAdhvI -- merA bhI yahI hAla hai / sAdhu- vaha merI godI meM sira rakhakara mara gayI / yadi vaha merI anupasthiti meM maratI to kadAcit devatAoM ko bhI usake marane kA vizvAsa na hotA / tuma vaha kaise ho sakatI ho ? siMhakumAra aura kusumAvalI kI prema kathA rAjakumAra siMha apane mitroM se pariveSTita ho vasaMtakrIr3A ke lie krIr3A sundara udyAna meM pahu~catA hai| rAjakumArI kusumAvalI bhI apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha vahA~ AI huI hai / donoM kI A~kheM cAra hotI haiM / kusumAvalI kI sakhI kumAra kA 1. kAle sihI - NaMdikare, mehaniruddhammi aMbaratalambhi | mita- madhura - maMjubhAsiNi, te dhannA je piyAsahiyA || komutiNisA ya pavarA, vAriyavAmA ya duddharo mayaNo / rehaMti ya sarayaguNA, tIse ya samAgamo Natthi // -- nizIthabhASya 6, 2263-4 2 nizIthavizeSacUrNI, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 243.

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22 svAgata karatI hai / mAdhavI puSpoM kI mAlAke sAtha sone kI taztarI meM use pAna detI hai| mana meM kumAra kA smaraNa karatI huI kusumAvalI ghara lauTatI hai / dIrgha nizvAsa chor3atI huI vaha zaiyA para ArUr3ha hotI hai / kucha bhI use acchA nahIM lagatA / citrakarma aura aMgarAga usane tyAga diye haiM, tathA AhAra aura apane bhavana taka meM usakI ruci nahIM raha gayI hai| zuka-sArikA ko par3hAnA gRhakalahaMsa ke sAtha krIr3A karanA, gRhadIrghikA meM snAna karanA, vINA bajAnA aura patracchedya ko usane tilAMjalI de dI hai| ___ apanI priya sakhI madanalekhA ke sAtha usane bAla-kadalIgRha meM praveza kiyA vahA~ suMdara seja taiyAra kI gayI / madanalekhA sundara kathAlApoM se usakA manoraMjana karatI huI tAlavRnta se pavana karatI khar3I rhii| rAjakumArI apanI priya sakhI se mana kI bAta na chipA skii| __ kusumAvalI ne rAjahaMsa ke viyoga meM usake darzana ke lie utsuka eka rAjahaMsinI citrita kii| usapara dvipadIkhaNDa' likhA / madanalekhA rAjahaMsanI aura priyaMgumaMjarI ke karNAvataMsa le aura nAgalatA ke patrayukta bahumUlya tAMbUla lagAkara rAjakumAra ke samIpa gyii| rAjakumAra ne madanalekhA kA svAgata kiyaa| priyaMgumaMjarI ko kAna meM dhAraNa kiyA, tAMbUla ko grahaNa kiyA aura prasannatA pUrvaka rAjahaMsanI ko hAtha meM le, utsukatA se dvipadIkhaNDa ko par3hane lagA / kusumAvalI ke kauzala se use Ananda huA / patracchedya kartarI se nAgalatA ke patra ko kATa; usane rAjahaMsinI kI avasthA ke anurUpa rAjahaMsa citrita kara usapara nimnalikhita gAthA likhI "mRtyu ke bAda bhI apanI priyA ke sAtha usakA milana nahIM hogA, yaha vicAra kara yaha rAjahaMsa anukUla avasara kI pratIkSA karatA huA, kisI taraha apane prANoM ko dhAraNa kara rahA hai !" bahumUlya vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajjita ho kusumAvalI ne vivAhamaMDapa meM praveza kiyA aura bar3I dhUmadhAma ke sAtha donoM kA vivAha ho gayA / 1. isameM cAra paMktiyA~ hotI haiN| pratyeka meM 28 mAtrAyeM, 6, 4+5 aura guru hotA hai| prathama aura aMtima pAMca caturmAtrAoM meM yA to agaNa hotA hai aura yA sabhI varNa hrasva hote hai 2. samarAicakahA 2, pR0 78-101

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- 23 kuvalayacanda aura kuvalayamAlA kI premakathA trailokyasundarI rAjakumArI kuvalayamAlA ke rUpa-saundarya kI prazaMsA sunakara kuvalayacandra madanazara se pIr3ita ho use prApta karane kA upAya socatA hai / asaMkhya parvatoM, prabhUta dezoM, nadiyoM evaM mahAnadiyoM aura aTaviyoM ko lAMgha tathA aneka dukhoM ko parivahana kara vaha vijayAnagarI meM praveza karatA hai / usake mana meM AtA hai ki kyA strIveza dhAraNa kara rAjA ke kanyA-antaHpura meM praviSTa ho trailokyasundarI ke mukhacandra kA avalokana kare / phira socatA hai, aisA karanA ThIka nahIM kyoMki yaha satpuruSa ke lie zobhAspada nahIM, aura rAjaviruddha bhI yaha hai / yadi kisI kI bhujAoM meM bala hai to strIveza vaha kyoM dhAraNa kare ? to phira kyA kiyA jAye ? mAyAmaya buddhi se, kisI sakhI dvArA saMketa prApta kara, azva para ArUr3ha ho, rAtri ke samaya usakA apaharaNa kyoM na kara liyA jAye ? lekina yaha ucita nahIM / loga kaheMge ki sundarI kA apaharaNa kara vaha kahA~ calA ? cora samajhakara ve merI niMdA kareMge aura yaha bar3A kalaGka kahA jAyegA / to kyA lajjA ko tyAga, use Aja hI prApta karane ke lie rAjAoM ke sammukha jA kara gir3agir3AUM? yaha bhI ThIka nhiiN| aisA karane se madana-bANa se ghAyala huA maiM nirlajja samajhA jAUMgA / to phira eka hI upAya hai ki apanI viSama kRpANa dvArA yoddhAoM ko parAsta kara aura dRpta hastI ke kuMbhasthala kA vidAraNa kara, jayazrI kI bhA~ti use maiM balapUrvaka uThA lAU / ___ kuvalayamAlA rAjakumAra kI parIkSA ke lie karNAbhUSaNa ke andara patracchedya dvArA banAyI huI rAjahaMsinI para dvipadIkhaNDa likhakara apanI dUtI ke hAtha usake pAsa bhejatI hai / kisI vicitra lipi meM sUkSma akSaroM meM isa para likhA huA thAabhinava dRSTa priya ke zubha saMgama aura sparza kI icchA karatI huI, dussaha viraha ke duHkha se saMtapta, karuNa AkraMdana karatI huI, caMcala nayanoM ke azrujala ke pUra se sikta aura niyaMtrita zreSTha rAjahaMsikA kA apane priya haMsa ke sAtha milApa kaba hogA ? rAjakumAra ne koI pratisandeza na bheja kevala apanI premikA ke kalAkauzala kI sarAhanA kii| kuvalayacandra apane sakhAoM ke sAtha kisI ramaNIya udyAna meM pahu~catA hai| udhara kuvalayamAlA bhI apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha vahA~ AtI hai| kalahaMsiniyoM meM rAjahaMsI kI bhA~ti, tArAoM meM zazikalA kI bhA~ti, kumudaniyoM meM kamalinI kI

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bhA~ti, vanalatAoM meM kalpalatA kI bhA~ti, apsarAoM meM tilottamA kI bhA~ti aura yuvatiyoM meM rati kI bhA~ti kuvalayamAlA ke rUpa-saundarya se atizaya AkRSTa rAjakumAra usake nirmAtA prajApati ke kalA-kauzala kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karane ke sivAya aura kara hI kyA sakatA thA ? Akhira vaha bhI dina A pahu~cA jaba ki munivara kI bhaviSyavANI ke anusAra, hastI ko vaza meM karane vAle aura samasyApUrti dvArA manoraMjana karane vAle kuvalayacandra ke sAtha zubha muhUrta meM puruSadveSiNI traikolyasundarI kuvalayamAlA kA vivAha ho gayA ! vAsagRha meM ratnoM se vinirmita muktAoM se zobhita dhavala seja bichAyI gayI / kuvalayamAlA ne apanI sakhiyoM kA saMga chor3a vAsagRha meM praveza kiyA to sakhiyA~ ThaTholI karane lgiiN| kuvalayamAlA--he priya sakhiyoM ! vanamRgI kI bhA~ti mujhe akelI chor3a tuma kahA~ calI ? sakhiyA~ -he sakhi ! hameM bhI akelI rahane kA yaha saubhAgya prApta ho ! kuvalayamAlA_he priya sakhiyoM ! romAMca se kampita, svedayukta jvarapIr3ita dazA meM mujhe chor3akara mata jAo / sakhiyA~ ---tumhArA pati svayaM vaidya hai, vaha tumhAre jvara kI cikitsA kara degaa| tatpazcAt lajjA aura bhaya se kAMpatI huI usane kahA-to lo, maiM bhI clii| usakI sAr3I kA pallA pakar3a kuvalayacandra ne pUchA-kahA~ ? kuvalayamAlA-chor3a do mujhe, apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha jA rahI hU~ / kuvalayacandra--- yadi tU jAnA hI cAhatI hai to tujhe kauna roka sakatA hai / lekina tUne jo merI coja curA lI hai, use vApisa detI jA / "kaunasI cIja curA lI hai ?" "merA hRdaya / " "koI gavAha hai?" "tumhArI sakhiyA~ / " "bulAoM unheM / ve tumheM uttara deNgii| unheM bulAoM, nahIM to mujhe chor3a do|"

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"sundarI ! jarA Thahara, maiM abhI terI sakhiyoM ko bulAtA huuN|" sakhiyA~ A gii| kuvalayacandra-dekho, jaba tumhArI yaha sakhI jAne lagI to maiMne use rokakara kahA ki merA hRdaya to vApisa detI jA / vaha kahatI hai ki isakA nibaTArA tuma loga krogii| sakhiyA~ (kuvalayamAlA ko lakSya karake)- kyA yaha ThIka hai? kuvalayamAlA-hA~, basa, itanI hI bAta hai| sakhiyA~ -are, yaha to bar3A bhArI vivAda hai / isakA phaisalA to zrI vijayasena rAjA aura nagara ke agragaNya hI kara sakate haiM / kuvalayamAlA--nahIM, tuma hI phaisalA karo ki maiMne inakA kucha le liyA hai yA inhoMne meraa| sakhiyA~-lo, hama sApha-sApha kaha detI haiM, kAna lagA kara suno| unhoMne tumhArA aura tumane inake priya hRdaya kA apaharaNa kiyA hai / aisI hAlata meM juArI aura cora kI jo dazA hotI hai, vahI tumhArI bhI hogii| kuvalayamAlA--(kuvalayacandra ko lakSya karake) tU cora hai / / kuvalayacandra--(kuvalayamAlA ko lakSya karake) cora tU hai, maiM nhiiN|' isa prakAra kI aneka rocaka praNayakathAe~ prAkRta jaina kathA-sAhitya meM upalabdha haiN| lIlAvatI aura usakI sakhiyoM kI premakathA __ kautUhala kI lIlAvaI kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai / jaina prAkRta kathAgraMtha kI bhA~ti yaha kathA-graMtha dhArmika athavA upadezAtmaka nahIM hai / isameM pratiSThAna ke rAjA sAtavAhana aura siMhaladeza kI rAjakumArI kI premakathA kA varNana hai / rAjA vipulAzaya aura apsarA raMbhA kI kanyA kuvalayAvalI gaMdharvakumAra citrAMgada ke premapAza meM par3akara usake sAtha gaMdharva vivAha kara letI hai / yaha jAnakara rAjA vipulAzaya citrAMgada ko zApa detA hai jisase vaha rAkSasa bana jAtA hai / rAjakumArI lIlAvatI kI dUsarI sakhI vidyAdharakanyA mahAnumati kA siddhakumAra mAdhavAnila se prema ho jAtA hai| ghara lauTane para vaha usake viraha se 1. kuvalayamAlA pR0 158-73

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vyAkula rahatI hai / isa bIca mAdhavAnila ko usakA koI zatru pAtAlaloka meM bhagAkara le jAtA hai| siMhalarAja kI kanyA lIlAvatI rAjA sAtavAhana kA citra dekhakara usa para mohita ho jAtI hai| apane mAtA-pitA kI anumati prApta kara vaha apane priya kI khoja meM nikala par3atI hai / tInoM virahaNiyA~ godAvarItaTa para milatI haiN| isa samaya rAjA sAtavAhana siMhalarAja para AkramaNa kara detA hai| rAjA ke senApati vijayAnanda ko patA lagatA hai ki lIlAvatI godAvarI ke taTa para apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha samaya vyatIta kara rahI hai / rAjakumArI lIlAvatI aura sAtavAhana, kuvalayAvalI aura citrAMgada, tathA mahAnumati aura mAdhavAnila tInoM vivAhasUtra meM baMdha jAte haiN| kRti ke aMta meM kavi ne apanI priyA ko saMbodhita karate hue kahA hai dIhacchi kahA esA aNudiyahaM je pati NisuNaMti / tANaM piya-viraha dukkhaM Na hoi kaiyA vi taNuaMgI // he dIrghAkSi ! jo pratidina isa kathA ko par3hate aura sunate haiM, unheM kabhI bhI priya ke virahajanya duHkha ko anubhava nahIM karanA pdd'taa| zRGgArarasapradhAna anupalabdha AkhyAyikAe~ nizIthabhASya meM, laukika kAmakathAoM meM naravAhaNadatta kathA, lokottara kAmakathAoM meM taraMgavatI, malayavatI aura magadhasenA; AkhyAnoM meM dhUrtAkhyAna, zRGgArakAvyoM (chalita) meM setu tathA kathAgranthoM meM vasudevacarita aura ceTakakathA kA ullekha hai / ina kathAoM ke kahane vAle ko kAthika kahA gayA hai| anya AkhyAyikAoM meM baMdhumatI ora sulocanA ke nAma ginAye gaye haiN| taraMgavatIkathA . taraMgavatI sAtavAhanavaMzI vidvAn rAjA hAla kI vidvatsabhA ke supratiSThita kavi pAdaliptasUri kI kRti hai, yaha anupalabdha hai / paizAcI bhASA meM racita bRhatkathA 1. 8. ..2343; 16. 5211; tathA bRhatkalpabhASya 22. 2564 / / 2. siddhasenAcArya kI tattvArthasUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM nirdiSTa, vasanta rajatamahotsavasmAraka graMtha, muni jinavijayajI kA kuvalayamAlA nAmaka lekha pR0 284 / 3. kuvalayamAlA (6, pR0 3) meM ullikhita / ...

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ke racayitA mahAkavi guNADhaya bhI hAla ke priya kaviyoM meM se the| udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA kI prastAvanA meM sarvaprathama pAdaliptasUri kA paricaya dete hue unheM rAjA sAtavAhana kI goSThI kI zobhA kahA hai / isa kavi ne cakravAkayugala kI ghaTanA se subhaga tathA sundara rAjahaMsakRta harSa se saMyukta, kulaparvata se nisRta gaMgA kI bhA~ti taraMgavatI kI racanA kii| kavi dhanapAla ne bhI tilakamaMjarI meM taraMgavatI kI upamA prasanna evaM gaMbhIra mArga vAlI punIta gaMgA nadI se dI hai| taraMgavatI kA saMkSipta rUpa taraMgalolA (khitta taraMgavaI) ke nAma se prasiddha hai jisakI racanA AcArya vIrabhadra ke ziSya nemicandra gaNi ne kI hai|' kaumudI mahotsava ke avasara para taraMgavatI kA nagara ke dhanadeva seTha ke putra padmadeva se prema ho gayA / dhanadeva ke pitA ne apane putra ke lie taraMgavatI kI maMganI kI, lekina taraMgavatI ke pitA ne inkAra kara diyaa| isa para taraMgavato ne bhojapatra para eka premapatra likha apane premI ke pAsa bhijavAyA / apanI sakhiko sAtha lekara vaha usake ghara pahu~cI aura vahA~ se donoM nAva meM baiTha nadI pAra kara gaye / donoM ne gaMdharva vidhi se vivAha kara liyA / jAna par3atA hai ki taraMgavatI jaina kathAgraMthoM meM sarvaprathama zRGgArapradhAna kathAgraMtha rahA hogaa| udyotanasUri aura dhanapAla ke atirikta anuyogadvArasUtra (130) 1. pAdalipta kI taraMgavaI kahA ke saMbandha meM nemicanda gaNi ne likhA hai pAlitaeNa raiyA vittharao taha ya desivayaNehiM / nAmeNa taraMgavaI kahA vicittA ya viulA ya / / katthai kulayAI maNoramAI aNNattha guvilajuyalAI / aNNattha chakkalAI duppariallAI iyarANaM // na ya sA koI suNei no puNa pucchei neva ya kahei / vi usANa navara jogA iyarajaNo tIe kiM kuNau // to uvve (ya) jaNaM gAhAo pAlitaeNa raiyAo / desipayAI mottu saMkhittayarI kayA esA / iyarANa hiyaThAe mA hohI sabvahA vi voccheo / evaM viciMtiUNaM khAmeUNaM tayaM sUri --rajata mahotsava smAraka graMtha, vahI / ___ kuvalayamAlAkAra ne isa racanA kA saMkIrNakathA ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| suprasiddha jarmana vidvAna arnesTa lAyamAna ne isakA jarmana bhASAntara prakAzita kiyA hai| narasiMha bhAI paTela dvArA isa bhASAMtara ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke lie dekhie, jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka dvitIya khaNDa / pUnA, 1924 /

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28 dazavaikAlikacUrNI (3, pR0109) tathA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gAthA 1508) meM isa mahattvapUrNa kRti kA ullekha milatA hai| malayavatI malayavatI ke sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM prApta hotI / malayavatI kA ullekha anaMgavatI, indulekhA, cArumatI, bRhatkathA, mAdhavikA zakuntikA, Adi racanAoM ke sAtha bhojarAja (993-1051 I0) ke sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa meM milatA hai|' malayasuMdarI malayasundarI meM mahAbala aura malayasundarI kI praNayakathA kA varNana hai / isa graMtha ke kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai / isapara AcArya dharmacandra (14 vIM zatAbdI) ne saMskRta meM saMkSipta kathA kI racanA kI hai|' vasudevacarita yA vasudevahiNDI AcArya hemacandra ke guru AcArya devacandrakRta zAMtinAthacaritra ke upodghAta ke ullekha para se patA lagatA hai ki bhadrabAhusUri ne atyanta sarasa kathAoM se yukta savA lAkha zlokapramANa vasudevacarita kathAgraMtha kI racanA kI thI, jo Ajakala anupalabdha haiN| kintu kucha vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki upalabdha vasudevahiMDI meM vasudeva ke bhramaNa (hiNDI) kI kathA hai ataeva. vasudevahiMDI aura vasudevacarita donoM ko eka hI mAnanA caahie| guNADhya kI baDDakahA (bahatkathA) kA anukaraNa karane vAlA yaha kathA-grantha do khaNDoM meM upalabdha hai / prathama khaNDa ke praNetA saMghadAsANi vAcaka ne vasudevahiNDI ko guru paraMparAgata mAnakara usakA vasudevacarita ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| dUsarA khaNDa aprakAzita hai / isake racayitA dharmasenagaNi mahattara ne isa khaNDa ke Arambha meM apanI racanA ko AcArya paraMparAgata svIkAra kara, latAvijJAna kI upamA dete hue ise dharma-artha-kAma se puSpita, AyAsa ke phalabhAra se namita, 1. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0659 2. vahI, pR0 476 3. muni jinavijaya, vasaMta rajata mahotsava smAraka grantha, pR0 260 4. prophesara bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, vasudevahiMDI ke gujarAtI bhASAMtara kA upodghAta, pR0 3-4 AtmAnanda jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2003 / 5. vasudevahiMDI, pR0 1, 2, 26

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zRGgAra vastra ke lalita kisalaya se vyApta, sutana kI zobhA se ahlAdita madhukaroM rUpa vividha guNoM se sevita vasudevacarita ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / ' vasudevahiMDI ke prathama khaNDa kA racanAkAla IsavI san kI lagabhaga 5vIM zatAbdI hai, lekina guNADhya kI bRhatkathA ke najadIka hone ke kAraNa isakI sAmagrI IsavI san kI pahalI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI jAna par3atI hai / isakI bhASA prAkRta hai / dvitIya khaNDa yA madhyama khaNDa prathama khaNDa ke kucha bAda kI racanA hai / muni puNyavijayajI ne isakI bhASA ko zaurasenI kahA hai / isa khaNDa kI racanA prathama khaNDa kI pUrti ke lie nahIM kI gayI, dharmasena gaNi mahattara ne apanI kalpanA se isakI racanA kI hai / " anya premAkhyAna anya prema kathAoM meM bhojarAja ke zRGgAra prakAza meM ullikhita kundanamAlA, kAmasenA vipralambha, zAkhAvizAkhopAkhyAna, zAkhinIsaMvAda ISyAluvipralambha aura sAtakarNiharaNa kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai / 29 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prAkRta jaina kathAoM meM kevala vairAgya rasa kI hI pradhAnatA nahIM thI, zRGgAra rasa kI pracura mAtrA bhI yahA~ dekhane meM AtI hai / bahuta sambhava hai ki uttaravartI kAla se zRGgAra pracura taraMgavatI, naravAhanadattakathA, 9. (ka) namiUNa ta viNaNaM saMghamahArayaNamaMdaragirissa (kha) 2. 3. (ga) vocchAmi suNaha NihuyA khaMDaM vasudeva cariyassa || taM suhaimaM dhammatthakA makusumiyAmA (yaso) phalabhariyaNamitasAraM siMgAravatthalalita kisalayAkula sutaNasobhA va muiyamadhukaravivihaguNavihataseviyaM vasudevacaritalatAvitANaM / nisuvvati ya AyaritaparaMparagataM avitahaM diTThIvAda NIsaMda arahaMtacakkibalavAsudeva gaNitANuogakamaniddihaM vasudevacaritaM ti / vasudevahiMDI madhyamakhaNDa, muni puNyavijayajI kI saMzodhita hastalikhita prati pR0 2 4 haimbarga yUnivarsiTI ke prAkRta ke suprasiddha vidvAna DAkTara ela0 AlsaDorpha ne vasudevahiMDI kA vizeSa adhyayana kara buleTina Apha da skUla Apha oriMTiyala sTaDIja, jilda 8, 1935-37 meM eka mahatvapUrNa lekha likhA hai jisameM unhoMne isa racanA ko guNADhya kI bRhatkathA ke najadIka batAyA hai / tathA dekhie, unakA 19 vIM inTaranezanala kaoNMgresa Afa oriMTiyalisTa, roma meM bhASaNa / vasudevahiMDI ke prathama khaNDa kA gujarAtI anubAda DAkTara bhogIlAla je0 sAMDesarA kRta, zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se vi0saM0 2003 meM prakAzita huA hai / svIDiza bhASA meM bhI isakA anuvAda huA hai / bI0 rAghavana, pR0 826

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malayavatI, magadhasenA bandhumatI aura sulocanA jaisI premAkhyAyikAoM kA adhyayanaadhyApana kama ho gayA aura kAlAntara meM ina kRtiyoM ko naSTa ghoSita kara diyA gayA / ullekhanIya hai ki kAmakathApradhAna guNADhya kI bRhatkathA para adhArita vasudevahiMDI jaisI mahattvapUrNa kRti kI bhI koI zuddha prAcIna prati upalabdha na ho sakI aura jo milI, unhIM ke AdhAra para AgamaprabhAkara muni puNyavijayajI ke athaka parizrama se, vartamAna meM upalabdha, bIca-bIca meM truTita aura apUrNa kRti hI prakAza meM A sakI / ' phreMca vidvAn prophesara epha0 lAkote ne bhAratavarSa ko kathA-kahAniyoM kA eka pratiSThita deza batAte hue yahA~ ke premAkhyAnoM kI lokapriyatA para jora diyA hai / aise kitane hI premAkhyAnoM kI racanA jaina aura bauddha vidvAnoM ne apane upadezoM kA pracAra evaM prasAra karane ke lie kI / ina AkhyAnoM ne uttarakAlIna sAhitya meM rocaka kathA - kahAniyoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA / 4. arthopArjana saMbaMdhI kathAe~ 30 arthakathA kI pradhAnatA kAma puruSArtha kI bhA~ti jIvana ke lie artha bhI Avazyaka hai / haribhadrasUri ne cAra kathAoM meM arthakathA ko sarvaprathama sthAna diyA hai / artha ke pazcAt kAma aura anta meM dharmakathA kA ullekha hai / dazavaikAlika niryukta meM vidyA, zilpa, vividha upAya, sAhasa (anirveda), saMcaya, dAkSiNya, sAma, daNDa, bheda tathA upapradAna dvArA artha kI siddhi batAyI gayI hai / haribhadrasUri ne asi, kRSi, vANijya, zilpa, dhAtuvAda aura arthopArjana ke hetu sAma, daNDa, bheda upapradAna Adi ko artha ke sAdhana kahA hai| jo apane bApa dAdAoM ke dhana kA upabhoga karate hue bhI usameM vRddhi karatA hai, use artha kI apekSA uttama, jo usa dhana ko kSINa nahIM hone detA, use madhyama aura jo use khA-pIkara barAbara kara detA haiM, use adhama puruSa kahA gayA hai / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. muni caturavijaya aura muni puNyavijayajI dvArA saMpAdita, bhAvanagara, 1930 dekhie, aise oNna guNADhya eNDa da bRhatkathA, kvArTarlI jaranala Apha da mIthika sosAyaTI, baMgalUra, 1923 gAthA 3.189 / inake udAharaNa ke lie dekhie, hAribhadrIya TIkA, pR0 106 / samarAiccakahA, pR0 3 vasudevahiMDI, pR0 101

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somaprabhasUri ke kumArapAlapratibodha meM zreSThIputra sundara kI kathA AtI hai| paradeza jAkara dhana kamAne ke lie apanI mAtA kI anumati mAMgate hue usane nivedana kiyA jo kAyara puruSa apanI javAnI meM dhana nahIM kamAtA, usakA janma bakare ke gale meM lage hue stanoM kI bhA~ti niSphala hai| buddhimAna puruSa ko apane bApa-dAdAoM dvArA kamAI huI dhana sampatti para avalambita nahIM rahanA cAhie / jaise, samudra meM yadi nadiyoM kA jala na pahuce to vaha sUkha jAtA hai, isI taraha yadi dhana kA upArjana na kiyA jAye to akSaya dhana kI rAzi bhI samApta ho jAtI hai / dhanahIna puruSa cAhe guNI yA guNahIna, usake sage-saMbaMdhI taka usakA apamAna karane lagate haiN| paMcatantra kA mitrabheda nAma kA prathama tantra mahilAropya nagara ke vardhamAnaka nAma vaNika putra kI kathA se Arambha hotA hai jo pracura-dhana sampanna hone para adhika dhana arjana kA abhilASI hai / vaha vicAra karatA hai-- aisI koI bhI vastu nahIM jo dhana dvArA prApta na ho sake / ataeva buddhi. mAna puruSa ko cAhie ki vaha yatnapUrvaka dhana kI siddhi kare / jisake pAsa dhana hai, usI ke mitra hote haiM, usI ke bhAI banda hote haiM, vahIM puruSa kahA jAtA hai aura vahI paMDita hai / jo pUjane yogya nahIM, usakI pUjA hone lagatI hai, jisake pAsa koI nahIM AtA, usake pAsa loga Ane lagate haiM aura jo vandanIya nahIM vaha vandanIya ho jAtA hai yaha saba dhana kA hI pratApa hai / dhana hone se umra bIta jAne para bhI loga taruNa kahe jAte haiM aura jisake pAsa dhana nahIM aise taruNoM ko bhI bUr3hA samajhA jAne lagatA hai arthopArjana ke lie cArudatta kI sAhasika yAtrA zreSTI cArudatta ke nirdhana ho jAne ke kAraNa jaba vasantatilakA gaNikA kI mA~ ne cArudatta ko ghara se nikAla diyA aura 12 varSa bAda vaha ghara lauTakara 1. dekhie, jagadIzacandra jaina, 'ramaNI ke rUpa' meM 'nagarI ke nyAyI puruSa' kahAnI pR. 26-32 na hi tad vidyate kiJcit yadarthena na siddhayati / yatnena matimAMstasmAdarthamekaM prasAdhayet // yasyArthAstasya mitrANi yasyArthAstasya bAndhavAH / yasyArthAH sa pumAlloke yasyArthAH sa ca paNDitaH / pUjyate yadapUjyo'pi yadagamyo'pi gamyate / vandyate yadavandyo'pi sa prabhAvo dhanasya ca // gata vayasAmapi puMsAM yeSAmarthA bhavanti te taruNAH / arthena tu ye hImA vRddhAste yauvane'pi syuH / / nirdhana puruSa ko vezyAoM ke ghara se nikAla diye jAne kA ullekha kathAsaritsAgara (2.4.90-6) meM bhI bhAtA hai|

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32 AyA to dvArapAla ne andara jAne se use roka diyaa| pUchane para patA lagA ki vaha ghara rAmadeva kA hai aura jaba se bhAnu zreSThI kA putra cArudatta kupUta ho gayA aura gaNikA ke ghara rahane lagA, zoka se abhibhUta ho, gRhatyAga kara usake pitA ne dIkSA grahaNa kara lI, aura usakI mA~ apanA ghara becakara apane bhAI ke ghara rahane calI gaI / rAmadeva ko jaba cArudatta ke Agamana kA patA lagA to usane kahA ki usa nirlajja ko usake ghara meM na ghusane denA ! vaha apane mAmA ke ghara pahu~cA jahA~ usane daridra veza dhAraNa kiye dIna-hIna avasthA meM baiThI huI apane mA~ ke darzana kiye| mA~ apane beTe kA AliMgana kara rudana karane lagI / malina vastra dhAraNa kiye hue zrIvihIna cArudatta kI patnI mitravatI se bhI na rahA gayA / itane dinoM bAda, bichuDe hue pati ko prApta kara usakI A~khoM se avirala azrudhArA bahane lgii| bAjAra se tuSakaNa maMgAkara bhojana taiyAra kiyA gyaa| zeSa rahe dhana ke viSaya meM pUchatAcha karane para mA~ ne uttara diyA beTA ! jamIna meM gar3e hue vyAja para diye hue tathA sage sambandhiyoM ko die hue dhana ke viSaya meM maiM kucha nahIM jAnatI / itanA jAnatI hU~ ki zreSThI ke dIkSA lene ke bAda dAsI aura dAsoM ko diyA huA dhana vinaSTa ho gayA, solaha hiraNya koTi tujha para kharca ho gaye aura hama loga jaise-taise karake dina kATa rahe haiM / cArudatta-mA~ ! loga mujhe nAlAyaka samajhane lage haiM, aba maiM yahA~ nahIM rhuuNgaa| maiM kahIM dUra calA jAU~gA aura dhanArjana karake hI vApisa lauTUMgA / basa terA AzIrvAda cAhie / mA~ beTA ! vyApAra karane meM kitanA kaSTa hotA hai, isakI tujhe khabara nahIM / tU kahA~ rahegA ? tU hamAre sAtha rahe to hama donoM terA nirvAha kara sakate haiN| cArudatta-mA~ tU aisA mata kaha / bhAnuzreSThI kA putra hokara maiM parAzrita rahU~gA / aisA tU vicAra chor3a de| mujhe jAne kI AjJA de / cArudatta apane mAmA sarvArtha ke sAtha dhanopArjana ke lie cala par3A / dizAsaMvAha grAma meM pahu~cane para mAmA ne kahA ki vahA~ usake pitA ke ghara kAma 1. bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM isa prasaMga para sAnudAsa dvArA prakSapita dravya kA cAra gunA dhana kamAkara lauTane kA ullekha hai tataH prakSapitAd dravyAdupAdAya caturguNam / gRhaM mayA praveSTavyaM na praveSTavyamanyathA // 18. 170, pR. 234

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33 karane vAle kuTumbIloga rahate haiM; unase suvarNa liyA jA sakatA hai|' lekina cArudatta ne apanI aMgUThI becakara kharode hue mAla se vyApAra kiyA / usane rUI aura sUta kharIdA lekina eka cUhA jalate hue dIye kI battI le bhAgA aura rUI meM Aga laga jAne se rUI kA Dhera jalakara khAka ho gayA / cArudatta vyApAra se phira kisI taraha paisA ikaTThA kiyA / isa paise se phira rUI aura sUta kharIda kara gAr3iyoM meM bharA aura vyApAra ke lie cala diyA ! utkala deza meM pahu~cA / vahA~ se kapAsa kharIda kara tAmralipti kI ora baDhA / rAste meM eka aTavI par3I / sArtha ke loga aTavI ke bAhara Thahara gaye / jaba saba loga vizrAma kara rahe the to acAnaka hI kolAhala sunAyI diyaa| cora apane sIMga aura Dhola-Dhapar3e bajAte hue cale A rahe the / kAravAM ke vyApAriyoM para unhoMne 1. bRhatkathAilokasaMgraha meM mAmA kA nAma gaMgadatta hai / vaha tAmralipti kA nivAsI thA / yaha nagara dhUrtoM kA AvAsa thA / dezATana karatA huA sAnudAsa jaba usake ghara pahu~cA to usane apana bhAnaje kA svAgata karate hue pratijJA kiye hue dhana se caugunA dhana lekara apanI mAtA ke pAsa lauTa jAne ko kahA / sAnudAsa ne uttara diyA- dhanArjana ke lie maiMne dRr3ha pratijJA kI hai, mAmA ! mujhe kaSTa mata pahu~cAo / gurujanoM ko cAhie ki ve bAlakoM ko kArya karane meM pravRtta kreN| phira yadi koI bAlaka svayaM hI kArya meM juTa jAye to use vahAM se lauTane ke lie kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? mAmAjI ! jo Apane kahA ki ApakA dhana lekara maiM kuTumbiyoM kA jIvana nirvAha karU~ to cAra hAtha-pAMva vAle mujha jaise vyakti ke lie yaha upadeza ucita nahIM / jo apane mAmA kA dhana lekara apanI mAtA sahita jItA hai, use apane mAmA aura apanI mAtA ke sAtha klIba hI samajhanA cAhie sAre'rthe dRDhanirbandhaM mA mAM vyAhata mAtula || pravartyo gurubhiH kArye yatra bAlo balAdapi / svayameva pravRttastairnivatyeMta kathaM tataH / / yaccoktaM mAmakairarthaiH kuTumbaM jIvyatAmiti / etat sahastapAdAya mAdRze nopadizyate // mAtulAd dhanamAdAya yo jIvati samAtRkaH nanu mAtulamAtraiva klIbasattvaH sa jIvyate / / 18-239-42, pR0 240-41 zukasaptati ( 7 ) meM mAtula ke dhana ko adhama kahA hai uttamAH svaguNaiH khyAtA madhyamAzca piturguNaiH / adhamA mAtulaiH khyAtA zvazuraizcAdhamAdhamAH // 2. bRhatkathAzloka saMgraha (18. 387) meM kahA hai ki yaha eka aisA mAla hai jise alpa mUlya meM kharIdakara adhika mUlya meM becA jA sakatA hai / 5

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dhAvA bola diyA / vyApArI idhara udhara bhAga gaye / coroM ne gAr3iyoM meM bhare hue mAla ko lUTa liyA aura bAkI bace hue meM Aga lagA dI / apane Apa ko ghora saMkaTa meM par3e hue dekha cArudatta kA mana nirAzA se vyAkula ho uThA / lekina dUsare hI kSaNa usake mana meM vicAra AyA-yadi mujhe jaldI hI ghara pahu~canA hai to jo puruSArtha maiMne Arambha kiyA hai, use chor3a denA hogaa| lekina "lakSmI kA vAsa utsAha meM hai / daridra vyakti mRtaka ke samAna hai; svajana sambandhiyoM dvArA apamAnita hotA huA hI vaha tiraskRta jIvana jItA hai",' ataeva ghara lauTakara jAnA ThIka nahIM / cArudatta ne sAhasa baTorakara phira prasthAna kiyA / priyaMgupaTTana pahu~cA, jahA~ surendradatta nAvika se usakI mulAkAta huI / yahA~ se vaha cIna deza kI ora calA / yAnapAtroM ko sajAyA gayA, unameM vividha prakAra kA mAla bharA, sAMyAtrikoM ke sAtha bahuta se naukara-cAkara liye, tathA rAjA se 'pAsaporTa' (rAjazAsana kA paTTaka) prApta kiyA / tatpazcAt anukUla vAyu ke bahane para, zakuna dekha, cArudatta yAnapAtra meM savAra ho gayA / dhUpa jalAI gaI aura jahAja kA laMgara chor3a diyA gayA / jahAja cIna deza kI ora cala par3A / sarvatra jala ke sivAya aura kucha naz2ara nahIM A rahA thaa| cona meM vyApAra karane ke bAda cArudatta ne suvarNabhUmi ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| tatpazcAt kamalapura yavana ( yava ) dvIpa (jAvA), siMhala aura babbara (bArbarikona) aura yavana (sikandariyA) kI yAtrA karate hue jahAja saurASTra kI ora baDha rahA thA ki taTa para pahu~cane se pahile vaha jala magna ho gyaa| bar3I kaThinatA se cArudatta ke hAtha eka paTTa lagA aura laharoM kI capeTeM khAtA huA, sAta rAta ke bAda vaha umbarAvatI pahu~cA / itane samaya taka samudra meM rahane ke kAraNa samudra ke khAre jala se usakA zarIra sapheda par3a gayA thA / 1. ucchAhe sirI vasati, darido a mayasamo, sayaNaparibhUmo ya dhIjIviyaM jIvai / vasudevahiMDI, pR0 115 2. bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha (18,252) meM nimna varNana hai taraGgajaladAlayaM makaranakacakragraha pinAkadharakandharaprabhamanantamaprakSayam / mahArNavanabhastalaM lavaNasindhunauchadmanA viyatpatharathena tena vaNijastataH prasthitAH / / 3. DAkTara motIcandra ne khmera se isakI pahacAna kI hai| sArthavAha, pR0 131

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cArudatta phira bhaTaka gayA / koI tridaNDI sAdhu use kImiyA banAkara dene kA lobha dekara gA~va se zvApadabahula aTavI meM le gyaa| rAtri ke samaya gamana / dina meM puliMdoM ke bhaya se chipakara rahanA / parvatoM kI guphA meM pahu~ce / vahA~ sAdhu ne tRNAcchAdita eka aMdha kUpa meM Dhakela diyA / kisI taraha vahA~ se nikalA to jaMgalI maiMse aura bhayaMkara ajagara se apanI rakSA karane meM samartha ho sakA / lekina cArudatta ne himmata na hArI / usane thor3I-sI pU~jI jor3akara phira se dhana kamAne kA saMkalpa kiyA / aba kI bAra vaha parade, AbhUSaNa, mahAvara, lAla vastra aura kaMkaNa Adi mAla jahAja meM bharakara sArtha ke sAtha cala par3A / vaha hUNa, khasa aura cIniyoM ke deza meM utraa| vahA~ se vaitADya parvata kI tahalaTI meM DerA DAlA / yahA~ tuMbarU-cUrNa kI poTaliyA~ kamara meM bAMdha aura apane mAla kI gaThariyoM ko kAMkha meM dabA, vyApArI logoM ne zaMkupada se parvata zikhara para ArohaNa kiyA / isa prakAra zaMkupatha se parvata ko pAra kara ve loga iSuvegA ( vaMkSu-AmUdariyA ) nadI para Aye / tIkSNa dhAra vAlI isa athAha nadI ko tirache tairakara bhI pAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thA / ise pAra karane ke lie vetrapatha kA Azraya liyA / isa patha se nadI pAra karane vAle ko anukUla vAyu calane taka pratIkSA karanI par3atI thI / uttarI vAyu bahane para svabhAva se mRdu aura sthira vetralatAe~ dakSiNa kI ora jhuka jAtI thIM / usa samaya unakI poroM kA avalambana grahaNa kara dakSiNa taTa para pahu~cA jA sakatA thaa| isI taraha dakSiNa vAyu ke bahane para vetralatAoM ke sahAre nadI ke uttarI taTa para pahu~ca sakate the / cArudatta aura usake sAthI dakSiNa vAyu ke bahane kI pratIkSA karate rahe aura dakSiNa vAyu calane para vetralatAoM kI sahAyatA se nadI ke uttarI taTa pahu~ca gaye / ___ yahA~ se TaMkaNa deza ke lie prasthAna kiyA / yahA~ pahu~cakara nadItaTa para alaga sthAnoM para mAla rakkhA / phira lakar3iyA~ ekatra kara unameM Aga lagA dI aura vahA~ se haTakara eka ora baiTha gaye / dhuA~ dekhakara TaMkaNa loga vahA~ A gaye / rakkhA 1. parvata para ArohaNa karate hue patthara ke zaMkuoM-khUTiyoM ko pakar3akara car3hate samaya, pasIne ke kAraNa hAryo ke gIle ho jAne se, khUTiyoM ke hAtha se chuTakara, nIce bahate hue gaMbhIra draha meM gira jAne kA andezA rahatA thA / isalie gIle hAthoM meM rUkSatA lAne ke lie tuMbarU kA cUrNa malA jAtA thA / 2. bRhatkathAilokasaMgraha (18. 432) meM gardana meM tela ke kutupa (kuppe) bAMdhakara vetramArga dvArA parvata ArohaNa kiyA gayA hai| 3. bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha (18.. 452-54) meM kirAta loga apane bakare becane ke lie Ate haiN|

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36 huA mAla unhoMne le liyA unhoMne bhI Aga jalAyI aura vahA~ bakaroM ko bAMdha aura phala rakhakara apane sthAna para A baiThe / apane mAla ke badale cArudatta ke sAthiyoM ne yaha mAla le liyA / tatpazcAt saba loga sImAnadI ke taTa kI ora cale / yahA~ se A~khoM para paTTI bAMdha bakaroM kI savArI kI / yaha mArga ajapatha kahalAtA thA / isa mArga se ekadama khar3I aura sIdhI car3hAI vAle vajrakoTisaMsthita parvata para pahu~ce / zIta havA lagane ke kAraNa bakare khar3e ho gaye / sabane A~khoM kI paTTI khola dIM, aura bakaroM para se utara Aye / yahA~ se ratnoM kA saMcaya karane ke lie ratnadvIpa jAnA thA / isa dvIpa meM pahu~canA bahuta duSkara thA / bakaroM ko mArakara unakI rudhiramaya khAla se bhastrA taiyAra kI gaI / apanI kamara meM churI bAMdha vyApAriyoM ne bhastrA ke andara praveza kiyA / tatpazcAt ratnadvIpa se AnevAle aura vahA~ Akara vyAghra, rIcha aura bhAlU Adi jAnavaroM kA mAMsa bhakSaNa karane vAle mahAkAya bhAruMDa pakSI, bhastrA ko mAMsapiMDa samajha, use apanI coMcoM se uThA ratnadvIpa le gaye / cArudatta kI bhastrA ko do pakSiyoM ne uThAyA aura ve geMda kI bhA~ti use hilAte-DulAte aura uchAlate hue AkAza meM ur3a gaye / donoM meM lar3AI-jhagar3A hone lagA aura isa jhagar3e meM cArudatta kI bhastrA unake mu~ha se chUTakara eka mahAn draha meM gira par3I / jala meM girate hI apanI kamara meM baMdhI huI churI se bhastrA ko cIra, cArudatta bAhara nikalA aura taira kara tAlAba ke kinAre A gayA / usane AkAza kI ora dekhA to pakSI usake sAthiyoM ko apanI coMcoM meM uThAye ur3e jA rahe the / cArudatta socane lagA- -kyA aba mRtyu hI eka zaraNa hai ? puruSArtha meM maiMne koI kamI nahIM kI, phira bhI saphalatA kyoM nahIM ? maraNa kA AliMgana karane ke liye vaha eka parvata para car3hA / vahA~ bhujA uThAkara eka paira se tapa karate hue sAdhu ko dekhA / cArudatta ne phira sAhasa baTorA / phira se vaha jI-tor3a parizrama puruSArtha karane lagA | eka dina cArudatta ko apanI mA~ kA khaccaroM, gadhoM, U~ToM aura gAr3iyoM meM mAla bharakara, sAtha usane caMpAnagarI meM praveza kiyA / rAjA smaraNa ho AyA / bahuta-se apanI putrI gaMdharvadattA ke ne cArudatta kA sarakAra

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kiyA / use dekhakara mAmA kI khuzI kA ThikAnA na rhaa| usane kahAbeTe ! tUne kula ko ujjvala kara diyA hai ! tU bar3A puruSArthI hai ! tatpazcAt nagara ke agragaNya vyApAriyoM dvArA sanmAnita ho, cArudatta ne apane ghara meM praveza kara mA~ ko praNAma kiyA aura apanI patnI ko AliMgana pAza meM bA~dha liyA / ' eka bAra kI bAta hai, kRSNa kA putra pradyumna apane dAdA vasudeva se vArtAlApa kara rahA thA / pradyumna bAta-bAta meM pUcha baiThA-dAdAjI, Apane sau varSa paribhramaNa kara merI aneka dAdiyoM ko prApta kiyA hai / lekina jarA apane pote zaMba ke aMtaHpura kI ora bhI najara DAlie / bhAI subhAnu ke lie ekatra kI huI samasta kanyAoM kA vivAha zaMba se ho gayA hai ! vasudeva apane pote kI 'choTA mu~ha, bar3I bAta' sunakara krodha meM bhara gayA / pradyumna ko saMbodhita karate hue vasudeva ne kahA-'are pradyumna ! kyA tU nahIM samajhatA ki zaMba kUpamaMDUka hai ? kevala svayaM prApta bhogoM ko bhogakara vaha saMtuSTa ho gayA hai / lekina jAnatA hai ki deza-videza meM paribhramaNa karake maiMne jina sukha-duHkhoM kA anubhava kiyA hai, vaha anya kisI ke lie duSkara hai / ibhyaputroM kI pratijJA kisI nagara meM do ibhyaputra rahate the| eka apane mitroM ke sAtha udyAna se nagara meM jA rahA thA / dUsarA ratha meM savAra ho, nagara se bAhara jA rahA thA / nagara dvAra para donoM kI bheMTa huI / garva ke kAraNa donoM meM se koI bhI pIche haTane ko taiyAra nahIM thaa| donoM meM vAda-vivAda hone lagA / eka ne kahA-pitA ke dvArA arjita dhana para kyA garva karate ho ? svayaM arjita karake lAo, to samajheM ? dUsarA---aura kyA tumhArA dhana tumhAre pitA kA kamAyA huA nahIM hai ? svayaM kamAkara dikhAo ! donoM ke garva ko coTa phuNcii| donoM ne pratijJA kI-jo parivAra ke binA, akele hI, bAraha varSa bAda bahuta-sA dhana arjita karake vApisa AyegA, usakI apane mitroM sahita dUsarA gulAmI kregaa| yaha likhakara unhoMne eka seTha ko de diyA / 1. vasudeva hiMDI, pR0 144-54 2. bahI, pR0 110

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38 pahalA ibhyaputra apane garva kI rakSA ke lie vahIM se dhanArjana ke lie ravAnA ho gayA / videza meM samudra yAtrA dvArA vyApAra karake usane bahuta-sA dhana arjita kiyA aura apane mitroM ko bhejA / dUsarA apane mitroM ke anurodha para bhI jAne ke lie taiyAra na huA / vaha socatA rahA -- jitanA dhana vaha bahuta samaya meM kamAyegA, utanA maiM alpa samaya meM kamA lU~gA / kintu bArahaveM varSa meM, pahale ibhyaputra kA Agamana sunakara dUsarA ibhyaputra dukhI hokara socane lagA- - dukhoM se bhayabhIta aura viSayoM kI lolupatA ke kAraNa maiMne bahuta-sA samaya aise hI bitA diyA. aba eka varSa meM maiM kitanA kamA sakU~gA ? ataeva zarIra kA tyAga karanA hI zreyaskara hai / ' do vyApArI mitra apanA mAla lekara banija - vyApAra ke lie deza-dezAntara meM paribhramaNa karane vAle sArthavAhoM aura pota-vaNikoM kI aneka kahAniyA~ prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya meM upalabdha hotI haiM / kuvalayamAlA meM thANu aura mAyAditya nAmaka do mitroM kI kathA AtI hai / donoM meM vArtAlApa ho rahA hai / thANu- - mitra ! loka meM dharma, artha aura kAma ina tIna puruSArthoM meM se jisake eka bhI nahIM, usakA jIvana jar3avat hai / hama logoM ke dharma to hai nahIM, kyoMki hama dAna aura zIla se rahita haiM / artha bhI dikhAyI nahIM detA aura artha ke abhAva meM kAma kahA~ se ho sakatA hai ? aisI hAlata meM he mitra ! hamArA jIvana tarAjU ke agrabhAga meM laTakA huA hai, ataeva hama loga kyoM na kahIM calakara artha kA upA rjana kareM jisase zeSa puruSArthoM kI siddhi ho / mAyAditya -- to mitra ! banArasa kyoM na calA jAye ? vahA~ pahu~cakara hama juA kheleMge, seMdha lagAyeMge, tAle tor3eMge, rAhagIroM ko lUTeMge, logoM kI gAMTha katareMge, kUTa-kapaTa kheleMge, ThagavidyA kareMge / aura bhI aise-aise kArya kareMge jisase dhana kI prApti ho / 1. vasudevahiMDI, pR0 116-17 / yahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki tapa ke kAraNa tapasvI jana pUjApratiSThA ke pAtra hote haiM / isa kahAnI kI rAjovAda jAtaka (151) kahAnI se tulanA kIjie / dekhie, jagadIzacaMdra jaina, 'prAcIna bhArata kI kahAniyA~' meM 'donoM meM bar3A kauna' ? kahAnI /

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39 thANu--aisA karanA ThIka nahIM / dekho, nirdoSa arthopArjana ke nimnalikhita upAya haiM-dezagamana, mitratA karanA, rAjasevA, mAna-apamAna meM kuzalatA, dhAtuvAda, suvarNasiddhi, maMtra, devArAdhana, samudrayAtrA, pahAr3a kI khAna khodanA, banija-vyApAra, vividha karma, aura aneka prakAra kI zilpavidyA / ' tatpazcAt aneka parvata aura nadiyoM se saMkIrNa aTaviyoM ko lAMdha, donoM pratiSThAna nagara meM pahu~ce / vahA~ unhoMne vividha prakAra kA banija-vyApAra kara aura mehanata-majUrI karake pA~ca-pA~ca hajAra suvarNamudrAe~ kamAI / yatheccha dhana kI unhoMne kamAI kara lI / lekina isa dhana ko lekara ghara kaise pahu~cA jAye ? unhoMne apanI pA~ca-pA~ca hajAra kI mudrAoM ko dasa ratnoM meM badala, unheM eka maile-kucaile vastra meM bA~dha liyA / veza parivartana kara unhoMne sira muMDA liyA, hAtha meM chAtA le liyA, daNDa ke agrabhAga meM tuMbI laTakA lI, gerue raMga ke vastra dhAraNa kiye aura apanI bahaMgI meM bhikSApAtra rkkhaa| aisA lagA jaise donoM dUra se tIrthayAtrA karake A rahe haiM / coroM kI najaroM se bacane ke lie donoM bhikSA mAMgate-khAte svadeza ke lie ravAnA ho gaye / sAgaradatta kI pratijJA eka bAra kI bAta hai, campA kA zreSTiputra sAgaradatta kaumudI mahotsava dekhane gayA thaa| naToM kA nRtya ho rahA thA / naTa kA eka subhASita sunakara sAgaradatta bar3A prasanna huaa| usane bharataputroM ko bulAkara apane nAma se eka lAkha ke puraskAra kI ghoSaNA kii| yaha dekhakara naTa kA khela dekhane ke lie upasthita samasta nara-nArI sAgaradatta ke guNoM kI prazaMsA karane lage / paMcataMtra, prathama taMtra ke AraMbha meM dhanopArjana ke chaha upAya batAye gaye haiM --bhikSA mAMgakara, rAjA kI cAkarI karake, khetI karake, vidyA par3hakara, lenadena karake aura banijavyApAra karake / inameM banija vyApAra sabase zreSTha hai / vyApAra sAta prakAra ke haiMgaMdhI kA vyApAra, lena-dena kA vyApAra, thoka vyApAra, paricita grAhakoM ko mAla becanA, jhUThe dAma batAkara mAla becanA, khoTI mApa-taula rakhanA aura disAvaroM se mAla ma~gAnA / kuvalayamAlA, pR0 57 / prAkRta gAthAoM meM nibaddha nemicandra AcArya (vRttikAra Amradeva) ke AkhyAnakamaNikoSa (pR. 222 . 25) ke kathAnaka se isa AkhyAna kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| DaoNkTara e. ena. upAdhye, kuvalayamAlA, bhAga 2, noTsa pR0 137 /

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koI manacalA kaha baiThA-hama to taba jAne jaba koI svayaM upArjita kiye hue dhana kA dAna kare, bApa-dAdAoM ke dhana kA dAna to koI bhI kara sakatA hai| kahA bhI hai-- "jo apane bhujabala se aneka duHkhoM se kamAye hue dhana kA dAna karatA hai, vahI prazaMsA kA pAtra hai, bAkI saba cora haiM" ! sAgaradatta socane lagA ki bAta to ThIka hai| usane pratijJA kI ki yadi vaha eka varSa ke bhItara sAta karor3a upArjana nahIM kara sakA to agni meM kUdakara prANoM kA aMta kara degaa| sAgaradatta ne dakSiNa kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| dakSiNa samudra taTa para avasthita jayazrI nAmaka mahAnagarI meM usane praveza kiyA / vahA~ usane eka vaNik kI dUkAna para naukarI kara lii| tatpazcAt yAnapAtra meM zveta candana aura vastra bharakara yavanadvIpa ke lie ravAnA huaa| samudrataTa para pahu~ca apanA mAla utArA; sarakArI zulka diyA / vahA~ se dUsarA mAla bharakara vApisa lauttaa| hisAba lagAyA to sAta karor3a se adhika jamA ho gayA thaa| sAgaradatta kI pratijJA pUrI ho gayI ! saMyogavaza, jahAja vApisa lauTa rahA thA ki cAroM dizAe~ aMdhakAra se Acchanna ho gaI aura dekhate-dekhate mUsalAdhAra pAnI barasane lgaa| mAla ke bojha se bhArI aura vRSTi ke jala se bharA huA jahAja samudra meM DUba gayA ! sAgaradatta ke hAtha meM tela kA eka khAlI kuppA lagA / usake sahAresahAre magaramacchoM se apanI rakSA karatA huA, vaha pA~ca rAta aura dina kI musAphirI ke bAda caMdradvIpa meM utarA !' lobhadeva kI ratnadvIpa yAtrA takSazilA ke pazcima-dakSiNa meM sthita uccasthala gAMva meM zUdra jAti meM utpanna dhanadeva nAmaka eka sArthavAha kA putra rahatA thA / atyaMta lobhI hone ke kAraNa loga use lobhadeva kahane lage the| eka bAra lobhadeva ne ghor3e lekara dakSiNApatha meM vyApAra ke lie jAne kI apane pitAjI se anumati mA~gI / lobhadeva ne nivedana kiyA-pitAjI ! maiM bahuta-sA dhana kamAkara lAU~gA aura phira sukha se jIvana bitaauuNgaa| 1. vahI, pR. 103-6

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41 pitA ne uttara diyA- beTA ! tU kitanA dhana kamAyegA ? hamAre pAsa itanA hai jo tere aura mere donoM ke beTe-potoM ke lie kAphI hogA / isalie tU yahIM rahakara dAna-puna kara, videza jAkara kyA karegA ? lobhadeva - pitAjI, jo dhana apane pAsa hai, vaha to apanA hai hI, maiM apane bAhubala se dhana kA upArjana karanA cAhatA hU~ | lobhadeva ne ghor3oM ko sajAyA, yAna vAhanoM ko taiyAra kiyA, vastroM ko grahaNa kiyA, yAnavAhakoM ko khabara bhejI, karmakaroM ko niyukta kiyA, gurujanoM kI AjJA prApta kI, aura maMgala ke lie gorocana ko namaskAra kiyA / tatpazcAt jaba saba calane ko taiyAra hue to pitA ne putra ko upadeza diyA- beTe ! dUra deza jAnA hai, mArga viSama haiM, loga niSThura haiM, durjana bahuta haiM, sajjana thor3a haiM, mAla kI pahacAna muzkila se hotI hai, yauvana durdhara hai, bahuta lAr3a-pyAra meM tuma pale ho, kArya kI gati viSama hai, kAla kI ruci anarthakAraka hai aura cora DAkU binA hI kAraNa kaSTa dete haiM / ataeva kabhI paMDita banakara, kabhI mUrkha banakara, kabhI catura banakara, kabhI niSThura banakara, kabhI dayAlu banakara, kabhI nirdaya banakara, kabhI zUravIra banakara, kabhI kAyara banakara, kabhI tyAgI banakara, kabhI kRpaNa banakara, kabhI mAnI banakara, kabhI donatA se, kabhI vidagdhatA se aura kabhI jar3atA se kAma nikAlanA / ' kAlAntara meM lobhadeva zUrpAraka nagara pahu~cA / yahA~ ghor3e becakara usane bahutasAdhana kamAyA / phira usane apane deza lauTa calane kA irAdA kiyA / isa samaya use sthAnIya dezI vyApArI maMDala kA nimaMtraNa milA / isameM kahA gayA thA ki jo koI dezAMtara se AyA huA athavA sthAnIya vyApArI ho, vaha jisa deza meM gayA ho, jo mAla lekara gayA ho yA mAla lekara AyA ho, yA jo kucha usane kamAI kI ho, usa sabakA byaurA vaha dezI vaNikoMko de aura maMDala kI ora se gaMdha, tAMbUla aura mAlA svIkAra kare; usake bAda vaha gaMtavya sthAna ko jA sakatA hai / kisI ne kahA- maiM ghor3e lekara kozala deza gayA thA / kozala ke rAjA ne mujhe bhAila jAti ke ghor3oMke sAtha hAthI ke zizu bhI diye / 1 isI prakAra kA upadeza yazadhavala zreSTI dhanopArjana ke lie paradeza kI yAtrA ke lie prasthAna karate samaya apane putra dharmadatta ko detA hai / dekhie padmacandrasUri ke ajJAta - nAmA ziSya dvArA racita prAkRtakathAsaMgraha | yaha kahAnI 'ramaNI ke rUpa' meM 'do bahumUlya upadeza' zIrSaka ke nIce dI gayI hai /

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dUsare ne kahA-maiM supArI Adi lekara uttarApatha gayA thA, vahA~ se ghor3e lekara lauttaa| tIsarA-maiM motI lekara pUrvadeza gayA thA, vahA~ se cAmara lekara AyA / cauthA--maiM dvArakA gayA thA, vahA~ se zaMkha lAyA / pA~cavAM-maiM vastra lekara barbarakUla gayA thA, vahA~ se hAthI-dAMta aura motI lekara lauttaa| chaThA-maiM palAza ke puSpa lekara suvarNadvIpa (sumAtrA) gayA thA, vahA~ se sonA lekara AyA / sAtavAM--maiM bhaiMsa aura gAya lekara cIna aura mahAcIna gayA thA, vahA~ se rezama lekara lauttaa| AThavAM-maiM puruSoM ko lekara strIrAjya gayA thA, vahA~ sone se tolatolakara unheM becaa| nauvAM--maiM nIMba ke patte lekara ratnadvIpa gayA thA, vahA~ se bahuta-se ratna lekara vApisa aayaa| yaha sunakara vyApAriyoM ke mana meM ratnadvIpa jAne kI icchA balavatI ho utthii| lekina ratnadvIpa bahuta dUra hai, samudra dvArA lambI yAtrA hai, pracaNDa vAyu kA prakopa rahatA hai, caMcala taraMgoM ko pAra karanA par3atA hai, bar3e-bar3e matsya, magara, grAha, dIrgha tantu, aura nigala jAne vAle timiMgala matsya, raudra rAkSasa, U~ce ur3ane vAle betAla, durladhya parvata, kuzala cora, bhISaNa tUphAnI mahAsamudra Adi ko pArakara vahA~ pahu~canA hotA hai / lekina dukha ke binA sukha bhI to nahIM ? "jo puruSa nirudyamI hai use, jaise lakSmI hari ko chor3akara calI jAtI hai, vaise hI chor3akara calI jAtI hai; aura jo udyamazIla rahatA hai, usakI ora lakSmI kI najara jAtI hai| gotraskhalana se nisteja huI priya patnI jaise apane priya ko chor3a detI hai, usI taraha sAhasavihIna puruSa kA AliMgana karake bhI lakSmI use chor3a detI hai| jaise kulabAlikA navavadhU lajjApUrvaka vyagra pati kI ora dRSTipAta karatI hai, vaise hI lakSmI puruSa ko kArya meM saMlagna jAna usakI ora najara pheratI hai| jo dhIra puruSa viSama paristhitiyoM meM bhI Arambha kiye hue kArya se mu~ha nahIM mor3atA, usake vakSasthala para lakSmI, kisI abhisArikA kI bhA~ti Akara vizrAma karatI hai| proSitabhartRkA kI bhA~ti nyAya-nIti aura parAkrama dvArA vaza meM kI

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huI lakSmI ko udyamI puruSa prApta karate haiN| jo koI kArya kA Arambha karake bAda meM usameM zithilatA dikhAte haiM, khaMDita mahilA kI bhA~ti lakSmI unakA mAna bhaMga karatI hai|" ___ tatpazcAt vyApArI ratnadvIpa kI yAtrA ke lie cala pdd'e|' vyApAriyoM kI bhASA aura lenadena yahA~ kevala vyApAriyoM ke deza-dezAMtara meM paribhramaNa karane kI kathAoM kA hI nahIM, unakI bolacAla rIti-rivAja tathA vyApArI bhASA kA bhI rocaka varNana dekhane meM AtA hai| _ vijayA nagarI meM apanA-apanA mAla becane ke lie Aye hue golla, madhyadeza, magadha, antarvedI, kIra, Dhakka, siMdha, maru, gurjara, lATa, mAlava, karNATaka, tAjika, kozala, mahArASTra aura AMdhra ke vyApAriyoM kA ullekha AtA hai, jo apanIapanI bhASAoM meM vArtAlApa karate haiN| golladeza (godAvarI ke AsapAsa kA pradeza) ke vyApArI kRSNa varNa, niSThura vacanavAle, bahuta kAma-bhogI aura nirlajja the; ve 'aDUDe' kA prayoga karate the / madhyadeza ke vyApArI nyAya, nIti, saMghi, aura vigraha meM paTu, svabhAva se bahubhASI the; ve 'tere mere Au' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the / ___ magadha dezavAsI peTa nikale hue, durvarNa, tathA surata krIr3A meM tallIna rahate the; ve 'ege le' kA prayoga karate the| antarvedI (gaMgA aura yamunA ke bIca kA pradeza) ke vAsI kapila raMga ke, piMgala netravAle, bhojana-pAna aura gapazapa meM lage rahane vAle aura miSTabhASI the; ve 'kitto kammo' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| kIra ( kullU kAMgar3A) dezavAsI UMcI aura moTI nAkavAle, geMhuA raMga ke aura bhAravAhI hote the; ve 'sAri pAri' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the / Dhakka (paMjAba) deza ke vAsI dAkSiNya, dAna, pauruSa, vijJAna aura dayArahita the; 'ehaM teha' zabdoM kA ve prayoga karate the| siMdhudezavAsI lalita, mRdubhASI aura saMgItapriya the, apane deza kI ora unakA mana lagA rahatA thA; ve 'cauDaya' zabda kA prayoga karate the| 1. kuvalayamAlA, pR. 65-67 / yahAM samudrayAtrA kI taiyArI kA varNana hai / samudrI tUphAna ke varNana ke liye dekhiye perA 133 pR. 68

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marudeza( mAravAr3a )vAsI vakra, jaDa, ujaDDa, bahubhojI, kaThina, pIna aura phUle hue zarIra vAle the; ve 'appAM tuppAM' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| gurjara dezavAsiyoM kA zarIra gho aura makkhana se puSTa thA, ve dharmaparAyaNa tathA saMdhi aura vigraha meM nipuNa the; 'Nau re bhallauM' zabdoM kA ve prayoga karate the / lATa dezavAsI snAna ke pazcAt sugaMdhita dravyoM kA Alepana karate, apane bAla kAr3hate aura apane zarIra ko sajAte; ve 'amhaM kauM' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the / mAlava dezavAsI tanu, zyAma aura choTe kada vAle, krodhI, mAnI aura raudra svabhAva ke the; ve 'bhAuya bhaiNI' aura 'tumhe' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| karNATaka ke vyApArI utkaTa darpavAle, maithunapriya, raudra aura pataMga vRttivAle the; ve 'aDi pAMDi mare' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| tAjika ke vyApArI kaMcuka se AvRtta zarIra vAle, mAMsa meM ruci rakhane vAle, tathA madirA aura madana meM tallIna rahate the; ve 'isi kisi misi' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| kozaladeza ke vAsI sarva kalA saMpanna, mAnI, krodhapriya aura kaThina zarIra vAle hote the; ve 'jala tala le' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the / mahArASTra ke vyApArI hRSTa-puSTa, choTe kada vAle, zyAmala aMga vAle, sahanazIla, abhimAnI aura kalahapriya the; ve 'diNNalle gahiyalle' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| ___AMdhra dezavAsI mahilApriya, saMgrAmapriya, sundara aura raudra bhojana karane vAle the; ve aTi puTi raTi' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the |-kuvlymaalaa, pR0 152 / TheTha vyApArI bhASAoM kA ve loga prayoga kara rahe the| koI kaha rahA thA'de do, de do', 'isase adhika sundara hameM cAhie', 'yaha sundara nahIM to apanA rAstA dekha', 'Ao, padhAro', 'calo, kharIda ke bhAva meM hI de deMge', 'sAta gaye tIna bace'-'hisAba lagAne para AdhA bAkI rahA', 'bIsa ke Adhe dasa', 'hama to pAI-pAI kA hisAba lagAte haiM', 'sau bhAra, karor3a, lAkha sau karor3a, palazata, pala, ardhapala, karSa, mAsa, ratI', 'are bar3A vyApAra hogA', 'le jAo, bahuta acchA aura sastA mila rahA hai', 'are, yahA~ to Ao, isake Upara tumheM kucha mAsA aura de deMge', 'are, mAlako kyoM DhaMka liyA, hameM lenA hai', 'dekho, acchI taraha dekha-parakha kara jAnA', 'yadi mAla jarA bhI kharAba nikalA to gyAraha karor3a duuNgaa|' -kuvalayamAlA pR0 153 /

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potavaNikoM ke anya AkhyAna vyApArI loga dhanopArjana ke lie jala aura sthala mArga se bar3e-bar3e parvata, nadI-nAle aura bhayAnaka jaMgala tathA mahAnadI aura pratyavAyabahula samudra-'saMcaraNa karake sAhasika yAtrAe~ kiyA karate the / ___ caMpA ke jinapAlita aura jinarakSita nAmaka vaNikaputra gyAraha bAra lavaNasamudra (hinda mahAsAgara ) kI yAtrA kara prabhUta dhanasaMcaya kara cuke the / lekina phira bhI unhoMne kisI prakAra apane pitA kI anumati prApta kara bArahavIM bAra samudrayAtrA kii| ___ isI prakAra samarAiccakahA~, narmadAsuMdarIkoM, prAkRtakathAsaMgraha, jinadattAkhyAna, sirivAlakahA~ Adi prAkRta ke aneka AkhyAna graMthoM meM vaNikaputroM aura sAMyAtrikoM ke varNana Ate haiM jinhoMne samudramArga se yAtrA kara, apanI jAna jokhima meM DAla, pracura dhana kA saMcaya kiyaa| vyApAriyoM kI patniyoM kI zIlarakSA potavaNikoM ke paradeza yAtrA karane para unakI sahadharmiNiyoM ko akele samaya kATanA duSkara ho jaataa| pati kI dIrghakAlIna anupasthiti meM unake satItva ke viSaya meM zaMkA upasthita ho jAtI / paradeza meM gayA huA pati bhI kisI yuvatI ke 1. vasudevahiMDI, pR0 253 2. NAyAdhammakahAo, kathA 9 / isa kathA kI tulanA bauddhoM ke valAhassa jAtaka ( 196) aura divyAvadAna se kI jA sakatI hai| 3. cauthe bhava meM dhana aura dhanazrI, tathA chaThe bhava meM dharaNa aura lakSmI kI samudrayAtrA kA varNana hai| mahezvaradatta ne apanI patnI narmadAsuMdarI ko sAtha lekara dhanArjana ke lie yavanadvIpa prasthAna kiyA aura mArga meM usake caritra para saMdeha ho jAne ke kAraNa use vahIM chor3a diyA / samudayAtrA ke varNanaprasaMga meM kAlikA vAyu bahane ke kAraNa jahAja bhanna ho AtA hai| zreSThIputra eka takhte ke sahAre suvarNadvIpa pahu~ca sone kI IMTeM prApta karatA hai / jinadatta apanI patnI zrImatI ke sAtha samudrayAtrA karatA hai / koI vyApArI jimadatta kI patnI ko hathiyAne ke lie use samudra meM Dhakela detA hai / 7. zrIpAla kI samudrayAtrA ke prasaMga para bar3asaphara, pavahaNa, beDiya, vegaDa, silla (sita=pAla), Avata (gola nAva, aura bohittha nAma ke jalayAnoM kA ullekha hai|

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46 mAyApAza meM phaMsa jAtA, athavA vivAha kara letA / isa saMbandha ke aneka AkhyAna prAkRta jaina kathA - graMthoM meM upalabdha haiM / ujjainI nivAsI vasudattA kA vivAha kauzAMbI ke dhanadeva sArthavAha ke sAtha huA thA / eka bAra usakA pati paradezayAtrA ke lie gayA / vasudattA ko patA calA ki vyApAriyoM kA kAphalA ujjainI jA rahA hai| ujjainI meM mAtA-pitA ko milane kI icchA se usane apane sAsa-sasura se kAphale ke sAtha jAne kI anumati mA~gI / unhoMne kahA- tuma garbhavatI ho aura tumhArA pati paradeza meM hai, akele tuma kahA~ bhaTakatI phirogI ? lekina vaha nahIM mAnI aura apane zizuoM ko lekara cala pdd'ii| Age jAkara vaha kAphale se bhraSTa ho gyii| isa bIca meM usakA se lauTa AyA / apane putra aura strI ke sneha ke vazIbhUta ho vaha cala diyA / pati pravAsa unakI khoja meM kitane hI prasaMga aise Ate jaba potavaNikoM kI patniyoM ko apane zIla kI rakSA karanA kaThina ho jAtA / cIna kI yAtrA se lauTane para apanI patnI kA vyavahAra dekha dharaNa ko usake caritra para saMdeha hogayA / Toppa seTha ko usane Adi se aMta taka sArA vRtAnta kaha sunAyA / usane kahA- merI patnI jIvita to hai, lekina zIla se nahIM / kauzAMbI ke dhanadatta nAmaka vyApArI kI rUpavatI kanyA suMdarI kA vivAha yazovardhana se ho gayA thA / lekina yazovardhana bar3A kurUpa thA ataeva usakI patnI ke mana vaha nahIM bhAtA thA / eka bAra yazovardhana ne bahuta-sA mAla lekara paradeza jAne kA irAdA diyA / usane apanI patnI se bhI sAtha calane ko kahA lekina usane bahAnA banA diyA / pati ke paradeza cale jAne para vaha apane pIhara jAkara rahane lagI / eka dina apane bhavana kI Upara kI saMvAra rahI thI ki koI rAjakumAra vahA~ se 1. maMjila meM baiThI huI vaha apane keza gujraa| donoM kI A~kheM mila gaI / sundara ke paradeza jAte samaya usakI mA~ ne use upadeza diyA beTA ! viSaya bhoga se aura coroM se sadA apanI rakSA krnaa| yAda rakha, javAnI kI umra jaMgala ke samAna bar3I muzkila se pAra kI jAtI hai| kahIM aisA na ho ki striyoM ke pAza meM phaMsa jAo / dekhie, kumArapAla pratibodha; 'ramaNI ke rUpa' meM 'nagarI ke nyAyI puruSa' zIrSaka kahAnI tathA zukasaptati (kathA 33) kathAsaritsAgara upakozA kI kathA (1-4) vasudevahiMDI, pR0 59-60 samarAiccakahA, chaThA bhava 2. 3.

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rAjakumAra ne eka gAthA par3hI "jisa strI ke anurUpa guNa aura yauvana vAlA puruSa nahIM, usake jIne se kyA lAbha? use to mRta samajhanA cAhie / " " sundarI ne uttara diyA " puNyahIna puruSa prApta kI huI lakSmI kA upabhoga karanA nahIM jAnatA / parAkramI puruSa hI parAyI lakSmI kA upabhoga kara sakatA hai" / " rAtri ke samaya gavAkSa meM se caDhakara, rAjakumAra usake bhavana meM pahu~cA aura pIche se cupacApa Akara usakI A~kheM mIMca lIM / 47 sundarI ne kahA "are, kyA tU nahIM jAnatA ki tU mere hRdaya ko curAkara le gayA thA ? aura aba tU merI A~kheM mIMcane ke bahAne sacamuca aMdherA kara rahA hai / Aja maiM nirbhrAnta hokara apane bAhupAza ko tere gale meM DAla rahI hU~ / yA to apane iSTa deva ko smaraNa kara, nahIM to puruSArtha kA pradarzana kara" / 2. zIlavatI mahilAe~ aneka aisI mahilAoM ke bhI ullekha milate haiM jo apane pati ke paradeza jAne para bar3e sAhasapUrvaka apane zIla kI rakSA karane meM dattacita rahIM / zIlavatI kA pati zreSThaputra ajitasena jaba rAjA ke sAtha paradeza yAtrA para jAne lagA to apanI patnI kI ora se use bar3I ciMtA huI / usa samaya zIlavatI 1. 3. 4. isa prakAra donoM meM premapUrNa vArtAlApa hotA rahA / prAtaHkAla uThakara rAjakumAra apane sthAna ko lauTa gayA / * aNuruvaguNaM aNuruvajobvarNaM mANusaM na jassatthi / kiM teNa jiyateNa pi mAni navaraM mao eso // paribhujiu na yANai lacchi pattaM pi puNNaparihINo / -vikkamarasA hu purisA bhuti paresu lacchIo // mama hiyayaM hariUNa gaosi re kiM na jANio taM si / sacca acchinimIlaNamiseNa aMdhArayaM kuNasi // tA bAhulayApAsaM dalAmi kaMThammi ajja nibbhataM / sumarasu ya idevaM payaDasa purisattaNaM ahavA // - jinezvarasUri, kathA koSa prakaraNa; jagadIzacaMdra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pR0 433 dekhie, 'ramaNI ke rUpa' meM 'parAI lakSmI kA upabhoga' zIrSaka kahAnI /

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48 ne apane patiko vizvAsa dilAte hue kahA-prANanAtha ! Apa bilkula bhI ciMtA na kreN| 'agni zItala ho sakatI hai, sUrya pacchima meM uga sakatA hai, meru kA zikhara kaMpAyamAna ho sakatA hai, pRthvI uchala sakatI hai, vAyu sthira ho sakatI hai, samudra maryAdA kA ullaMghana kara sakatA hai, lekina trikAla meM bhI merA zIla bhaMga nahIM ho sakatA / '' zreSThIputra candra kI patnI tArA apane putra ke sAtha madana nAmaka sArthavAha ke jahAja meM savAra ho siMhaladvIpa ke lie ravAnA ho gyii| mArga meM jahAja phaTa jAne ke kAraNa jahAja DUba gayA / tArA kisI bhIla ke hAtha par3a gyii| usane use apanI pallI ke svAmI ko bheMTa meM de dii| pallI ke svAmI ne tArA ke rUpa para mohita ho use apanI patnI banAnA cAhA / tArA ne uttara diyA-"dekhie, siMha kI jaTAe~, sato-sAdhviyoM kI jaMghAe~, zaraNa meM Aye hue subhaTa aura sarpa ke mastaka kI maNi ko, binA jAna hathelI para rakkhe prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kahA gayA hai ki dezATana ko gaye hue vyApAriyoM kI ghara meM rahI huI striyoM kI rAjAoM ko rakSA karanA caahie| yAtrAgIta jAna par3atA hai, vaNikaputroM ke ina sAhasika yAtrAoM saMbaMdhI gItoM kI racanA bhI kI gayI thii| gAyikAe~ ina gItoM ko vizvAsapUrvaka gAkara zrotAoM kA manoraMjana kiyA krtiiN| eka gIta dekhie __ vaNikoM kA eka bar3A sArtha gaNima (ginane yogya), dharima (tolane yogya), meya (mApane yogya) aura parIkSya (parakhane yogya) mAla ko lekara apane nagara se ravAnA huaa| bIca meM eka aTavI par3I / yahA~ siMha kA bhaya thA / astra-zastra se sajjita ho vaNik vahIM Thahara gaye / itane meM vahA~ siMha AyA / saba loga bhaya se ghabar3A gaye / phira eka gIdar3I AI / usake sAtha siMha ratikIr3A karane lagA / vaNik use mArane ke lie taiyAra ho gaye / lekina kucha ne kahA-use mArane se kyA ? jo gIdar3I ke sAtha sahavAsa kara sakatA hai, vaha kaisA siMha ? yaha suna saba nizcinta hokara baiTha gaye / kumArapAlapratibodha; dekhie 'ramaNI ke rUpa meM 'zIlavatI kI caturAI' kahAnI, pR0 14-20 tulanIya vasudevahiMDI meM lalitAMga nAmaka sArthavAhaputra kI kathA, pR. 9 / kumArapAlapratibodha, dekhie 'ramaNI ke rUpa' ke antargata 'rUpavatI tArA', pR. 21-25 / 3. vasudevahiNDI, pR0 233 4. vahI, pR0 282

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niSkarSa yaha ki aTavI pAra karate samaya vyApAriyoM ko siMha Adi kA bhaya nahIM rakhanA cAhie / mArga kI thakAna dUra karane vAlI kathAe~ " jaise rAje-mahArAje kathA-kahAniyoM ke zaukIna the, vaise hI dUra-dUra taka jala athavA sthalamArga se pravAsa karane vAle vaNik yAtrI rocaka kathAe~ sunakara apanI lambI musAphirI sukhapUrvaka taya karate the / ' aneka vyApArI tIrthoM tathA deza-dezAMtara saMbaMdhI kathAe~ kahane meM niSNAta hote the / isa saMbaMdha meM vasudeva aura aMzumAna kA eka rocaka AkhyAna AtA hai / calate-calate vasudeva ko thakA huA jAna, aMzumAna ne kahA- Arya putra ! kyA maiM Apako le calU~? yadi nahIM, to Apa mujhe le calie / vasudeva ne socA thakAna ke kAraNa mere paira lar3akhar3A rahe haiM, aisI hAlata meM aMzumAna mujhe kaise lekara cala sakatA hai ? yaha rAjaputra sukumAra hai, maiM hI ise kyoM na le calU~ ? vasudeva ne kahA- Ao mitra ! car3ha jAo, maiM tumheM lekara calatA hU~ / aMzumAna ne ha~sakara uttara diyA- Aryaputra ! isa taraha kisI ko mArga meM lekara nahIM calA jAtA / yadi koI mArgajanya kheda ke kAraNa thake-mAMde vyakti ko rocaka kathAe~ sunAtA calatA hai, to ise le calanA kahate haiM, isase usakI thakAna dUra ho jAtI hai / 49 vasudeva ne kahA yadi aisI bAta hai to koI rocaka kahAnI sunaao| tumhIM isa kalA meM kuzala ho / saMskRtiyoM kA AdAna-pradAna jaina dharma kA anuyAyI vizeSakara vyApArI varga thA, ataeva isa varga ke upadezArtha banija-vyApAra saMbaMdhI kathAoM kA dharmakathAoM meM samAveza kiyA jAnA svAbhAvika thA / ye vyApArI dhanopArjana ke lie dUra dezoM kI yAtrA kiyA karate the / nizcaya hI isase unake vyAvahArika jJAna meM vRddhi hotI thI / vastutaH bRhatkathA lokasaMgraha meM mArga kI klAnti dUra karane ke lie ramaNIya kathAe~ kahane kA ullekha hai atha mAM ramayantaste ramaNIyakathAH pathi / agacchan kaJcidadhvAnamacecitapathaklamam vasudevahiNDI, pR0 232 vahI, pR0 208 1. 2. 3. / / 18.184 pR0 236

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ye vyApArI ho una dinoM hamAre deza ke rAjadUta the jo vibhinna dezoM ke sAtha hamAre vANijya aura sAMskRtika saMbaMdhoM ko dRr3ha banAne meM sahAyaka hue the / inake mAdhyama se hI hamAre deza ke kitane hI rIti-rivAja, AcAra-vicAra evaM kathA-kahAniyA~ samudra kI sImA lAMghakara dUsare dezoM meM pahu~cI haiM, sathA dUsare dezoM ke rIti-rivAjoM aura kathA-kahAniyoM ne hamArI sabhyatA aura saMskRti ko prabhAvita kiyA hai|' 1. ena. ema. peMjara ne bhAratavarSa ko kahAniyoM kA bhaMDAra batAyA hai| usakA kahanA hai ki garma AbahavA ke kAraNa, yahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ke svamASa meM kucha zithilatA A jAne tathA pUrvI dezoM meM kucha adhika mAtrA meM hI mehamAnadArI ke kAyade-kAnUnoM kA pAlana kiye jAne se, zItala saMdhyA ke samaya striyoM ke binA kevala puruSoM kI goSThI meM kahAnI kI khUba hI pragati huI / yahIM se phArasa ke logoM ne kahAnI kahane kI kalA siikhii| phira yaha kalA araba meM pahu~ca gyii| madhyapUrva ke kustunatuniyA aura vahA~ se venisa hotI huI aMta meM bokAcio, ausara aura lAphA~ntena (La Fantaine) kI kRtiyoM meM uddhRta huI / da ozana Apha sTorI, indroDaksana, pR. 34-36 / ema. vinTaranitsa ne bhAratIya kathA sAhitya kA videzI sAhitya para prabhAva svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha sAhitya yUropa aura eziyA taka hI sImita na rahA, aphrIkA meM bhI isane praveza pAyA / bhArata ke vyApAriyoM ke mAdhyama se yahA~ kI kathA-kahAniyoM ne hI videzoM kI yAtrA nahIM kI, apitu bhAratIya kathA sAhitya kI pustakoM kA anuvAda bhI videzI bhASAoM meM kiyA gyaa| bahuta samaya taka vidvAna bhAratavarSa ko hI samasta kathA-kahAniyoM kA janmasthAna mAnate rahe, kintu lokavArtA aura nRkula vijJAna ke adhyayana ke bAda yaha mAnyatA aba nirmUla ho gayI hai| phira bhI videzoM kI kitanI hI kahAniyA~ aisI haiM jo bhAratavarSa se hI una dezoM meM pahu~cI haiN| hisTrI Apha iMDiyana liTarecara, jilda 3, bhAga 1, pR0 302-3 /

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prAkRta kI dharma aura nIti sambandhI kathAe~

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1. dharma-kathAe~ kAma aura artha ke bAda dharma AtA hai / dharma ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai-"dharma se zreSTha kula meM janma hotA hai, divya rUpa aura sampatti prApta hotI hai, dhana-samRddhi milatI hai, kIrti kA vistAra hotA hai, atula maMgala kI prApti hotI hai, samasta duHkhoM kI yaha anupama auSadhi hai, dharma hI vipula bala hai, trANa hai aura zaraNa hai|' isI dharmakathA ke saMkalpapUrvaka avaMtirAja samarAditya ke carita kA varNana karane ke lie samarAiccakahA kI racanA kI gayI hai| vasudevahiMDI meM, jaise kahA jA cukA hai, zRGgAra kathA ke bahAne dharmakathA kA hI prarUpaNa hai| kuvalayamAlA meM bhI bIca-bIca meM kAmazAstra kI carcA AtI hai, kintu dharma prApti meM sahAyaka hone se isa kathA ko dharmakathA (AkSepaNI) samajha kara par3hane aura gunane kA lekhaka kA anurodha hai| dharmaprApti kI mukhyatA isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina vidvAnoM ne apane kathA-graMthoM meM dharma ko mukhya mAnakara hI AkhyAna likhe haiN| itanA avazya hai ki kAmakathA meM kAma aura arthakathA meM artha kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai, yadyapi uddezya inakA bhI dharma prApti hI hai| dharmakathA ke bheda dharmakathA ke cAra bheda haiM- zrotA ke mana ko anukUla lagane vAlI kathAe~ (AkSepaNI) zrotA ke mana ko pratikUla lagane vAlI kathAe~ (vikSepaNI), jJAna kI utpattipUrvaka saMvegavardhaka kathAe~ (saMvedinI) aura vairAgya utpanna karane vAlI kathAe~ (nivedanI / jisameM dharma upAdAna rUpa hoM tathA kSamA, mArdava, Ajava alobha, tapa, saMyama, satya, zauca Adi jana-kalyANakArI vrata-niyamoM kA varNana ho use dharmakathA kahA gayA hai| 1. dhammeNa kulapasUI dhammeNa ya divvruuvsNpttii| dhammeNa dhaNasamiddhI dhammeNa suvitthaDA kittI // dhammo maMgalamaThalaM osahamaulaM ca savvadukhANaM / dhammo balamavi viulaM dhammo tANaM ca saraNaM ca // -samarAiccakahA, pR0 6 2. 8, 9, pR0 4-5 3. dazavakAlika niyukti 193-205, tathA hAribhadrIya TIkA, pR. 109a-1131 /

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54 zrotAoM ke prakAra artha, kAma, dharma aura saMkIrNa kathAoM ke zrotA adhama, madhyama aura uttama ke bheda se tIna prakAra ke hote haiM / jo krodha Adi ke vazIbhUta hoM; isa loka meM hI AsthA rakhane vAle, jIvadayArahita anarthabahula arthakathAoM ke zravaNa meM Ananda lete hoM aise tAmasa vRtti vAle adhama zrotA haiM / zabda Adi viSayoM meM mohita buddhiyukta, "yaha sundara hai aura yaha isase bhI sundara hai" - isa prakAra kI asthira mativAle, paMDitajanoM dvArA upahAsa ke yogya aura viDambanA mAtra aisI kAmakathAoM meM Ananda lene vAle rAjasI vRtti ke loga madhyama zrotA haiM / ihaloka aura paraloka meM sApekSa, vyavahAra naya meM kuzala, parAmartha kI apekSA sAra vijJAna se hIna, kSudra, bhogoM ko bahuta na mAnane vAle, udArabhogoM meM tRSNA rahita, sAtvika manovRtti vAle, trivarga kA nirUpaNa karane vAlI tathA tarka, hetu aura udAharaNa yukta saMkIrNa kathA meM rasa lene vAle zrotAoM ko bhI madhyama koTi meM hI ginA gayA hai / tathA jAti, jarA, maraNa se vairAgya ko prApta, kAmabhogoM se virakta, sakalakathAoM meM zreSTha mahApuruSoM dvArA sevita dharmakathA meM rasa lene vAle sAtvika zrotAoM ko uttama kahA gayA hai / ' dhArmika kathA - sAhitya kahA jA cukA hai ki janakalyANakArI lokapriya dharma aura nIti-saMbaMdhI kathAoM dvArA janasamUha kA mArga-pradarzana karanA hI ina kathAoM kA uddezya rahA hai / isa saMbaMdha meM AgamakAlIna kathA - sAhitya meM jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, vipAkasUtra Adi Agama graMthoM kA nAmollekha kiyA jA sakatA hai / jJAtRdharmakathA meM jJAtRputra mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita dharmakathAoM kA saMgraha hai / vibhinna udAharaNoM, dRSTAMtoM evaM lokapracalita kathAoM ke mAdhyama se yahA~ saMyama, tapa aura tyAga kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / upAzakadazA meM mahAvIra ke dasa upAsakoM aura antakRdazA meM arhatoM kI kathAe~ haiM / vipAkasUtra meM zubha aura azubha karmoM ke vipAka saMbaMdhI kathAe~ dI huI haiM / uttarAdhyayana nAmaka mUla sUtra meM upamA, dRSTAMta aura vividha saMvAdoM dvArA dharmakathAmUlaka tyAga aura vairAgya kA varNana hai / Agama granthoM kI niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, cUrNiyoM aura TIkAoM meM to anekAneka dharmakathAe~ saMniviSTa haiM / samarAiccakahA, pR0 4-5

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kathAkozoM kI racanA AgamottarakAlIna sAhitya meM aneka lokapriya kathAgraMthoM aura kathAkoSoM kI racanA kI gyii| taraMgavaIkahA, vasudevahiMDI, samarAiccakahA aura kuvalayamAlA ke atirikta aneka mahattvapUrNa kathAkoSa likhe gaye / inameM jinezvarasUri kA kahANayakosa (kathAnakakoSa), nemicandrasUrikRta kathAmaNikoza (AkhyAnakamaNikoSa), guNacandragaNi (devabhadrasUri ke nAma se prakhyAta) kRta kahArayaNakosa (kathAratna koSa), vinayacandrakRta dhammakahANayakosa (dharmakathAnakakoza), bhadrezvarakRta kahAvali, padmacandrasUri ke ajJAtanAmA ziSyakRta pAiyakahAsaMgaha Adi ullekhanIya haiM / ' ina kathAkoSoM meM vividha viSayoM para dharmakathAoM kA saMgraha hai jinameM maMtravidyA, sarpaviSa utArane kI vidhi, daivI ArAdhanA se putrotpatti, saMgIta, abhinaya, sAsa-bahU kA kalaha, gRhakalaha, rAjasabhAoM meM vAda-vivAda, dhAtuvAda, utsava, carcarI-pragIta Adi ke sAtha parvata ko yAtrA, khanyavidyA (jamIna meM gar3e hue dhana kA patA lagAnA), hAthiyoM kI vyAdhi, hAthiyoM ko pakar3ane kI vidhi, parivAra kI dAridrayapUrNa sthiti, mallayuddha, coroM kA upadrava, ThagavidyA, dhUrtavidyA, yuddha, khetI, banija-vyApAra, zilpakalA Adi laukika viSayoM se saMbaMdha rakhane vAle aneka rocaka AkhyAnoM kA saMgraha hai| AkhyAnoM ko rocaka banAne ke lie bIca-bIca meM citrakAvya, subhASita, ukti, kahAvata, saMvAda, gIta, pragIta, prahelikA, praznottara, vAkkauzala Adi zailiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ___2. dhUtau aura pAkhaMDiyoM kI kathAe~ laukika kahAniyoM meM hama sarvaprathama dhUrtI, pAkhaMDiyoM, ThagoM aura makkAroM saMbaMdhI kathAoM ko leN| ye kahAniyA~ jaina prAkRta kathA-graMthoM meM yatra-tatra bikharI par3I haiM / inakA uddezya thA samAja-virodhI tatvoM kA bhaMDA-phor3a kara dhUrtoM Adi ke caMgula se svarakSA krnaa| ___ gAMva kA koI kisAna gAr3I meM anAja bharakara zahara meM becane jA rahA thaa| usakI gAr3I meM tItarI kA eka piMjar3A baMdhA huA thaa| nAgarikoM dvArA ThagAyA gayA grAmINa zahara pahu~canepara gaMdhIputroM ne usase pUchA--yaha gAr3I-tItarI (prAkRta meM saga1. prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke kathAkoSoM ke vivaraNa ke lie dekhie, hariSeNa, bRhatkathAkoza, DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye kI bhUmikA, pR0 39 Adi

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56 itittirI arthAt (1) gAr3I meM laTake hue piMjar3e kI tItarI, (2) athavA gAr3I aura tItarI) kaise becate ho ? kisAna ne uttara diyA- eka kArSApaNa meM gaMdhIputroM ne use kArSApaNa de diyA aura usakI anAja se bharI gAr3I aura tItarI lekara cala diye / kisAna ko bar3A duHkha huA ki eka kArSApaNa meM usakI anAja bharI gAr3I aura tItarI donoM hI cala diye / kisAna nyAyAlaya meM gayA, lekina hAra gayA / mAlika ! anAja kucha dinoM bAda gaMdhIputroM ke ghara jAkara vaha kahane lagAse bharI huI merI gAr3I to calI hI gayI, aba ina bailoM ko rakhakara maiM kyA karU~gA / inheM bhI Apa hI rakha leM / inake badale mujhe sirpha do pAyalI sattU de deM / lekina yaha sattU maiM sarvAlaMkAra bhUSita ApakI prANezvarI ke hAtha se hI grahaNa karU~gA / gaMdhIputra ne kisAna kI bAta svIkAra kara lI / gaMdhIputra kI prANezvarI jyoM hI sattU dene AyI, kisAna usakA hAtha pakar3a kara cala diyA / pUchane para usane uttara diyA- - maiM to do pAyalI sattU le jA rahA hU~ / ' kamalasenA ne caMpA nagarI meM praveza karate samaya dhammilla ko yaha dRSTAMta dete hue kahA thA- Aryaputra ! pura, nagara aura janapadoM meM prAyaH vaMcaka loga basate haiM, Apa sAvadhAna hokara jAyeM / kahIM aisA na ho ki jaise kraya-vikraya ke samaya dhUrta nAgarikoM ne gAMva ke sIdhe-sAdhe kisAna ko Thaga liyA thA, vaise hI Apako bhI loga Thaga leM / " dhUrtoM se sAvadhAna rahane kI AvazyakatA kSemeMdra (11 vIM zatAbdI) ne likhA hai- - dhanavAna kula meM paidA hue, duniyAdArI ke jJAna se vaMcita bhole-bhAle loga, dhUrtoM ke hAtha meM aise hI nAcate haiM jaise ki hAtha kI geMda / ye loga vAravanitAoM ke caraNoM ke nupUra meM lagI huI 1. 2. vasudevahiMDI, pR0 57-58 vasudeva ne jaba bhadrilapura ke jIrNodyAna meM praveza kiyA, usa samaya bhI aMzumAna ne apane mitra ko sAvadhAna rahane ko kahA, kyoMki ajJAta nagaroM meM atiduSTa loga rahate lete haiM / vasudevahiMDI, pR0 209 haiM, jo bhale AdamiyoM ko Thaga

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57 maNi ke samAna jIvana yApana karate haiM / pakSiyoM ke navajAta zAvakoM kI bhA~ti inakA deza evaM kAla ajJAta rahatA hai, inake mukha caMcala hote haiM, aura paMgu hote hue bhI ye phudakate phirate haiM / jaise mArjAra pakSizAvakoM ko hajama kara jAte haiM, vaise hI dhUrta bhole-bhAle logoM ko caTa kara jAte haiM ' dhUrtoM ko caturmukha kahA gayA hai - mithyA ADambara se ve dhanI bana jAte haiM, pustakoM ke paMDita hote haiM, kathAoM ke jJAnI hote haiM, varNana meM zUra hote haiM aura bar3e capala hote haiN| yadi kisI strI kA pati paradeza gayA huA ho to dRSTa athavA adRSTa, krUra aura kRtrima vacanapUrNa mudrAoM dvArA dhUrta puruSa usa mugdha vadhU kA apaharaNa kara lete haiN| steyazAstrapravartaka dhUrtaziromaNi mUladeva' apane ziSyoM ko daMbha aura dhUrtavidyA 1. dhUrtakarakandukAnAM vAravadhUcaraNanUpuramaNInAm / dhanikagRhotpannAnAM muktirnAstyeva mugdhAnAm // ajJAtadezakAlAzcapalamukhAH paGgavo'pi saplutayaH / navagA iva mugdhA bhakSyante dhUrtamArjAreH // tulanA kIjie somadeva ke yazastilakacampU (bhAga 2, pR0 145 ) ke varNana se - dhUrteSu mAyAviSu durjaneSu svArthaikaniSTheSu vimAniteSu / - kalAvilAsa 1.18, 19 varteta yaH sAdhutayA sa loke pratAryate mugdhamatirna kena // mithyADambaradhanikaH 'pustakavidvAn' kathAjJAnI / varNanazUra icapalazcaturmukho jRmbhate dhUrtaH // 2. 3. 4. 5. dRSTAbhiradRSTAbhiH krUrAbhiH kRtakavacanamudrAbhiH / dhUrto muSNAti vadhUM mugdhAM viproSite patyau // dekhie, jagadIzacandra jaina kA " Ajakala," agasta, mUladeva aura dhUrtavidyA' nAmaka lekha / 8 kSemendra ne mUladeva ke mu~ha se daMbha kA prarUpaNa karAte hue usake tIna mukhya meda batAye haiM- bakadaMbha, kUrmajadaMbha aura mArjAradaMbha / vrata-niyama dhAraNa karake bagule ke samAna AcaraNa rakha kachue ke samAna AcaraNa karane gupta rakhakara mArjAra ke samAna niyamoM karane vAlA bakadaMbhI, vrataniyamoM ko AcchAdita vAlA kUrmajadaMbhI tathA apanI gati aura netroM ko ko gopanIya rakhanevAlA ghora mArjAradaMbhI hai-- - kalAvilAsa, 9. 199 -- vahI, 9.59 1970 meM prakAzita 'dhUrta ziromaNi vrataniyame kadambhaH saMvRttaniyamaizca kUrmajo dambhaH / nibhRtagati nayana niyamairghoro mArjArajo dambhaH // kalAvilAsa, 1 48

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kI zikSA diyA karatA thA / ' kAzmIro vidvAn dAmodara gupta (AThavIM zatAbdI) ne viTa, vezyA, dhUrta, evaM kuTTiniyoM ke jAla se logoM kI rakSA karane ke lie hI 'kuTTinImata' kI racanA kI hai / dhUrtarAja mUladeva kI kathA 58 buddhibala se kAmIjanoM ko apane pAsa na dUsarA bhojana, tIsarA maNDana- AbhUSaNa, prakAra kAmIjanoM se apane zIla kI rakSA rakhatI huI, vaha apanA samaya gujAratI / mUladeva kI najara bhI usa para lagI thI / lekina vaha apane vAstavika rUpa meM usake pAsa nahIM jAnA cAhatA thA / vaha chadmaveSI kAmuka bana usake pAsa gyaa| donoM kA saMgama huA / use garbha raha gayA / koI brAhmaNakanyA gupta rUpa se gaNikA ke veSa meM rahA karatI thI / apane phaTakane detI / usakA pahalA pahara snAna, aura cauthA kathA vArtA meM bItatA / isa karatI, kintu mUladeva ke saMgama kI icchA eka bAra, kanyA mUladeva ke sAtha dyUta khelane lagI / mUladeva hAra gayA, vaha jIta gayI / mUladeva ko bAMdhakara vaha apanI mA~ ke pAsa le gayI / usane mUladeva se kahA - dekhie, merI pratijJApUrNa ho gayI hai, tuma sAkSI ho / mUladeva ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA -- dekhie, mahArAja, patitratAe~ kitanI satyavatI hotI haiM !* 1. mUladeva kI dUsarI kathA mUladeva aura kaMDarIka donoM kahIM jA rahe the / rAste meM unheM eka bailagAr3I milI / gAr3I meM eka taruNa apanI strI ke sAtha baiThA thA / yuvatI strI ko dekha kaMDaroka ne mUladeva ko izArA kiyA / kaMDarIka ko mUladeva ne vRkSoM ke jhuramuTa meM chipA diyA aura svayaM bailagAr3I ke pAsa Akara khar3A ho gayA / mUladeva ne yuvaka se anunaya-vinaya kI 2. - mahAkavi daNDI ne dazakumAracarita meM dyUtavidyA tathA kapaTakalA kI bhA~ti rAjakumAroM ke lie coravidyA meM kuzala honA Avazyaka kahA hai / vasudevahiNDI ( pR0 210, 247-48 ) meM dyUtasabhA aura ghatazAlA kA ullekha hai / jahA~ mahAdhanI amAtya, zreSThI, sArthavAha, purohita, talavara, daNDanAyaka Adi prabhUta maNi, ratna aura suvarNa rAzi lekara jugAra khelate the / isameM hastalAghava kI mukhyatA rahatI thI / kSemendra, bRhatkathAmaMjarI ke antargata viSamazIla prakaraNa /

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dekhie, merI patnI vRkSoM ke jhuramuTa meM leTI hai| prasava-vedanA se vaha pIr3ita hai yadi thor3I dera ke lie apanI patnI ko usake pAsa bheja deM to kRpA ho| yuvaka ne anumati de dii| yuvaka kI patnI vRkSoM meM jhuramuTa meM kaMDarIka ke pAsa phuNcii| vahA~ se lauTakara mUladeva ko usane badhAI dI ki usake beTA huA hai / tatpazcAt mUladeva ko pagar3I uchAla apane pati ko lakSya karake usane nimnalikhita dohA par3hA khaDI gaDDIbaila tuhu~, beTA jAyAM tAha / raNNi vi huMti milAvaDA, mittasahAyA jAMha // ' tumhArI gAr3I aura baila khar3e haiN| usakA beTA huA hai| jisake mitra sahAyaka hote haiM, usakA araNya meM bhI milApa ho jAtA hai| dhUrta julAhA kisI nagara meM koI julAhA rahatA thaa| usakI dukAna para kucha dhUrta julAhe kapar3e bunA karate the| 1. tulanIya zukasaptati (59) kI 'rAhaDabhUlaDaM' ityAdi gAthA se / / upadezapada , aura vAdidevasUrikRta TIkA, gAthA 92, pR 64; AvazyakacUrNI, pR0 549 meM bhI yaha kahAnI milatI hai / zukasaptati (1) meM isa prakAra kI kathA hai / yahA~ viSNu nAmaka brAhmaNa, mArga meM calate hue pati ke vRkSoMkI Ar3a meM jAne para, usakI patnI ke sAtha saMbhoga karatA hai aura usake sAtha gAr3I meM baiThakara cala detA hai / upadezapada (gAthA 93, pR. 64) meM koI vyaMtarI gAr3I meM jAte hue kisI puruSa kI strI kA rUpa banA usake sAtha gAr3I meM baiThakara jAtI hai / bhojadeva kI zRGgAramaMjarI meM mUla deva ko dhUrta, atividagdha, sarva pAkhaNDoM kA jJAtA, sakala kalAkuzala, vaMcaka aura pratAraka ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai| striyoM ke sambandha meM zaMkAzIla hone ke kAraNa vaha apanA vivAha nahIM karAtA thaa| somadeva ke kathAsaritsAgara meM bhI mUladeva kA AkhyAna AtA hai| vetAlapaMcaviMzatikA (kathA 13, kathA 22) bhI dekhie / uttarAdhyayana kI TIkAoM meM pATaliputra ke rAjakumAra aura ujjainI kI prasiddha gaNikA devadattA kA vistRta AkhyAna upalabdha hai| bRhatkalpabhASya 760 aura nizIthabhASya 20. 6517 bhI dekhiye / hitopadeza meM tIna dhUrtoM aura brAhmaNa kI kahAnI AtI hai| koI brAhmaNa bakare ko apane kandhe para uThAye le jA rahA thA / ina dhUrto ne use aisA cakamA diyA ki bicArA apane bakare ko kuttA samajha use chor3a kara cala diyaa| jagadIzacandra jaina , hitopadeza, saMdhi, pR0 117 / paMcataMtra ke tIsare tantra meM bhI yaha kahAnI AtI hai| tathA dekhiye prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi, pR. 136 / ziva aura mAdhava nAmaka / kathA ke lie dekhie, kathAsaritsAgara, pA~cavAM laMbaka prathama taraMga /

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inameM se : eka julAhe kA svara bahuta madhura thA / apane madhura svara se vaha gAyA karatA thA / julAhe kI lar3akI usakA gAnA sunakara mohita ho gyii| dhUrta ne kahA-calo, kahIM bhAga cleN| julAhe kI lar3akI ne uttara diyAmerI sakhI eka rAjakumArI hai| hama donoM ne nizcaya kara rakhA hai ki hama eka hI puruSa se vivAha kreNgii| dhUrta -to use bhI bulA lo / __ julAhe kI lar3akI ne apanI sakhI ke pAsa samAcAra bhijavAyA / vaha A gayI ! tInoM cala die / _itane meM kisI ne eka gAthA par3hI-'he Amra ! yadi kaNera ke vRkSa phUla gaye haiM to vasaMta ke Ane para tujhe phUlanA yogya nahIM / yadi nIca loga koI azobhana kArya karane ke lie utArU ho jAyeM, to kyA tU bhI vahI karane lagegA ?'' yaha sunakara rAjakumArI socane lagI--are ! ThIka to hai / yadi yaha julAhe kI lar3akI isake sAtha jA rahI to kyA mujhe bhI usakA anukaraNa karanA cAhie ? ___ yaha socakara apanI ratnoM kI piTArI lene ke bahAne vaha rAjamahala meM lauTa gyii| cAra DhoMgI candana kI patnI apane navajAta zizu ko isalie stanapAna nahIM karAtI thI ki aisA karane se parapuruSa ke sparzadoSa se usake zIlabhaMga ho jAne ko AzaMkA thii| koI dharmAtmA brAhmaNa darbha hAtha meM lie jala dvArA mArga kA siMcana kara rahA thA / jaba vaha caMdana kI dukAna para AyA to kahIM se ur3akara eka tinakA usake sira para A giraa| caMdana ne use haTAnA cAhA, lekina dharmAtmA ne yaha kahakara manA kara diyA ki vaha tinake kI corI ke aparAdha meM apanA sira hI ghaDa se alaga kara degA ! 1. jaha phullA kaNiyArayA cUyaya / ahimAsayami pudaThami / tuha na khamaM phulleuM jai paccaMtA kariti DamarAI // 2. AvazyakacUrNI 2. pR0 56 / Avazyaka hAribhadrIya TIkA, pR0 556 / Avazyaka niyukti 1239 meM do kalAo ke udAharaNa meM ullikhita /

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61 eka dina nagara ke bAhara eka vRkSa para kATha kI bhA~ti nizceSTa baiThe hue pakSI kI ora candana kI najara gaI / usane dekhA ki jaba vRkSa ke saba pakSI apane dAne-pAnI ke lie bAhara cale jAte to vaha cupake se unake ghoMsaloM meM ghusa unake aNDe-baccoM ko caTa kara jAtA ! eka dina use bhujA laTakAye dhyAnamagna eka sAdhu dikhAyI diyA ! vahA~ eka rAjakumArI aaii| sAdhu ne pahale to use upadeza diyA aura bAda meM usakA hAra nikAla use gaDDhe meM mAra kara pheMka diyA ! __ candana vicAra karane lagA jaisA DhoMgI yaha pakSI hai aura daMbhI yaha sAdhu hai; vaisI hI kahIM merI patnI aura yaha brAhmaNa bhI to nahIM ?' pravaMcaka mitroM kI kahAnI _ vizvAsapAtra banakara Thagane vAle vaMcaka mitroM kI kahAniyA~ samarAiccakahA, kuvalayamAlA Adi jaina kathA graMthoM meM milatI haiM / mAyAditya aura thANu kI kathA kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai / kapaTI mAyAditya ne apane mitra thANuko Thagane kA prayatna kiyA lekina saphalatA na milii| kapaTI mitra eka bAra kI bAta hai, do mitroM ko kahIM se eka khajAnA milA / donoM ne socA ki zubha muhUrta meM ise nikAlakara ghara le jaayeNge| lekina eka dina kapaTI mitra ne cupacApa khajAnA nikAla kara usake sthAna para koyale rakha die / ___ jaba donoM khajAnA nikAlane Aye to kapaTI mitra kahane lagA-kyA kareM bhAI sAhaba ! apanA bhAgya hI aisA hai, dekho khajAne ke koyale bana gaye ! saccA mitra kucha nahIM bolA / 1. bAlena cumbitA nArI, brAhmaNo zIrSa hiMsakaH / kASThIbhUto vane pakSI, jIvAnAM rakSako vrato / / AzcaryANIha catvAri mayApi nijalocanaiH / dRSTAnyaho tataH kasmin vizrabdhaM kriyatAM manaH // maladhAri hemacandra (12 vIM zatAbdI), bhvbhaavnaa| 'ramaNI ke rUpa', meM 'vizvAsapAtra kauna' ? kahAnI / 2. kuvalayamAlA. pR0 58-59 / milAie paMcataMtra, mitrabheda kI dhUrta aura cAra brAhmaNoM kI kahAnI ke sAtha /

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62 usane apane mitra kI eka mUrti banavAI aura do baMdara pAle / pratidina vaha usa mUrti para baMdaroM ke khAne kI cIjeM rakha detA aura bandara mUrti para car3ha saba khA jaate| eka dina usane apane mitra ke lar3akoM ko nimaMtrita kiyA / lar3akoM ko khAnA khilAkara kahIM chipA diyA / __jaba lar3ake samaya se ghara na pahu~ce to unake pitA ko bar3I cintA huI / lar3akoM kA patA lagAne vaha apane mitra ke ghara AyA / sacce mitra ne usa mUrti kI jagaha apane mitra ko baiThAkara usa para bandara choDa diye / bandara kilakilAhaTa karate hue usake sAtha khelane-kUdane lge| apane mitra se usane kahA-lo ye rahe tumhAre lADale! kapaTI mitra- are, kahIM lar3ake bhI bandara banate hue sune gaye haiM ? saccA mitra-aura khajAnA ! kyA kabhI khajAnA koyalA huA hai ?' do baniye eka bAra kisI vaNika ne zarta lagAyI ki jo mAgha mahine kI zIta meM rAtri ke samaya pAnI ke andara baiThA rahegA, use eka hajAra dinAreM mileNgii| eka bUr3hA baniyA taiyAra ho gayA / rAtabhara pAnI meM baiThe rahakara agale dina jaba vaha apanA inAma mAMgane gayA to vaNika ne pUchA - "are bhAI, tuma rAtabhara itanI sardI meM baiThe rahakara kaise jindA nikala Aye?" "seThajI ! eka ghara meM dIpaka jala rahA thaa| use dekhate hue maiM sArI rAta pAnI meM baiThA rahA" --bUDhe baniye ne uttara diyA / vaNik--to tuma inAma ke hakadAra nahIM ho| jalate hue dIpaka ko dekhakara tuma pAnI meM rahe na ? ___ baniyA nirAza hokara ghara lauTa AyA / eka dina usane bahuta se logoM ko dAvata ke lie nimaMtrita kiyaa| usa vaNik ko bhI nimaMtrita kiyA gayA / 1. AvazyakacUrNI, pR0 551 / 'do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAnI' (dvitIya saMskaraNa meM) 'do mitroM kI kahAnI' / milAiye, paMcataMtra, mitrameda kI 'dharmabuddhi aura pApabuddhi' tathA 'jIrNadhana baniyA' kahAniyoM ke sAtha / tathA dekhiye zukasaptati (39, 50) kathAsaritsAgara (pra0 315). kaTavANija jAtaka /

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63 lekina bhojana ke samaya baniye ko pIne ke lie pAnI nahIM diyA / vaNika ne pAnI maaNgaa| baniye ne dUra se pAnI kA loTA dikhAkara kahA - yaha rahA paanii| "kyA pAnI ko dUra se dekhakara pyAsa bujhAI jA sakatI hai." vaNik ne puuchaa| "aura jalate hue dIpaka ko dUra se dekhakara sardI dUra ho sakatI hai ?" baniye ne uttara diyaa| isake alAvA, dhUrta aura kakar3I becane vAlA kuMjaDA', dharohara vApisa na dene vAlA purohita, kisAna aura gaMdhIputra Adi aneka rocaka AkhyAna prAkRta jaina kathA-sAhitya meM varNita haiN| ye kevala manoraMjanAtmaka hI nahIM haiM, inake pIche AcAra-vyavahAra aura nIti-nyAya kI bhAvanA sannihita hai| 3. mukhauM aura viToM kI kahAniyA~ kathA-kahAniyoM meM mUkhoM aura viToM kA mahattva bhI kama nahIM hai / jaise dhUrto aura ThagoM kI dhUrtatA aura ThagI se, vaise hI mUroM kI mUrkhatA se bhI rakSA karanA Avazyaka hai / bharaTadvAtriMzikA meM 32 kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| ise mugdhakathA kA suMdara udAharaNa kahA jA sakatA hai, jisameM mugdhakathAoM ke bahAne, jIvana meM saphalatA ke 1. AvazyakacUrNI, pR0) 523-24 / 'do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAniyA~' (dvitIya saMskaraNa ) meM 'paMDita kauna' khaanii| 2. AvazyakacUrNI, pR0 546 / 'do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAniyA~' meM 'kuMjaDA aura dhUrta' khaanii| tulanIya zukasaptati (55) kI zrIdhara brAhmaNa aura candana camAra kI kahAnI se tathA dekhiye vinodAtmaka kathAsaMgraha. kathA 39 3. AvazyakacUrNI, pR0 550 / 'do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAniyA~' meM 'purohita kI niyata' khaanii| 4. dekhie; pIche, pR. 60 5. caturmANI ke antargata IzvaradattakRta dhUrtaviTa saMvAda se patA lagatA hai ki pATaliputra ke rAja mArgoM meM viToM kI bahuta bhIr3a rahatI thI / bharata muni ne viTa ko vezyopacAra meM kuzala, madhurabhASI, sabhya, kavi, UhApoha karane meM sakSama, vAkpaTu evaM catura kahA hai / kSemeMdra ne dezopadeza meM use kSINa, guNavihIna, sadoSa, kalAsaMpanna tathA kRSNapakSa ke candra kI bhA~ti kuTila kahakara namaskAra kiyA hai| 6. je0 harTala dvArA saMpAdita, lAiz2iga, 1921 / harTala kA mata hai ki isa dvAtriM zikA kA lekhaka gujarAta nivAsI koI jaina bidvAn honA cAhie / yaha racanA 192 I0 pUrva maujUda thii|

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AkAMkSI puruSa ko apratyakSa rUpa se zikSA dI gayI hai / pahalI kathA kI bhUmikA kA nimnalikhita vaktavya ullekhanIya hai-"saMsAra meM nizreyasa kI prApti ke icchuka logoM ko sadaiva apane sadAcaraNa ke jJAna meM vRddhi karate rahanA cAhie / yaha sadAcaraNa kA parijJAna mUrkhajanoM ke carita par3hakara ho sakatA hai| ina caritoM ko, lekhaka apanI buddhi se kalpita vastu pravartana ke anartha darzana dvArA abhivyakta karatA hai / isa prakAra kI abhivyakti tathA mUrkhajanoM dvArA kiye jAte hue AcaraNa ke parihAra ke lie lekhaka ne bharaTadvAtriMzikA kI racanA kI hai|" ina kahAniyoM meM laMpaTa, vaMcaka, dhUrta, mUrkha aura mithyAbhASI puruSoM kA sarasa citraNa dekhane meM AtA hai| grAmakaviyoM kA upahAsa kiyA gayA hai| kisI grAmakavi ko bahuta yAcanA karane para bhI kucha na milaa| lekina bharaTaka (zaiva-upAsaka sAdhu) ke ziSya khA-pIkara mauja se rahate the, yadyapi ve na kabhI par3hate-likhate the aura na kabhI kAvya kI racanA hI karate the / isake viparIta, vaha roja naye-naye kAvya kI racanA karatA, phira bhI karma kI paravazatA ke kAraNa bhUkhA hI mrtaa|' sAtavIM kathA meM eka mUrkha ziSya kI kathA AtI hai| kisI ziSya ko bhikSA meM 32 bATiyA~ milIM / use bhUkha lagI thii| usane socA ki inameM se guru jI ko AdhI denI par3egI, isalie vaha AdhI bATiyoM ko khA gayA / aba solaha raha gayIM / phira usake mana meM vahI vicAra AyA / vaha phira AdhI khA gayA / ATha baca gaI / unameM se phira AdhI khA lIM / cAra raha gaI, do raha gaI, eka raha gaI, aMta meM AdhI bcii| use lekara gurujI ke pAsa pahu~cA / unhoMne pUchA-kyA basa bhikSA meM yahI milA thA ? ziSya-nahIM mahArAja ! mujhe bhUkha lagI thI, bAkI maiM khA gyaa| gurujI-kaise ? ziSya ne zeSa bacI huI AdhI bATI ko bhI khAkara batA diyA / bharaTaka tava caTTA laMbapuTThA samuddhA / na paThati na guNaMte neva kavvaM kunnte|| vayamapi na paThAmo kiMtu kavvaM kuNAmo / tadapi bhukha marAmo karmaNA kotra doSaH // -5 vI kathA

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kisI ne ThIka hI kahA hai sukha kI icchA rakhane vAle guru ko mUrkha ziSya nahIM banAnA cAhie / bATI ke bhakSaka ziSya kI bhA~ti vaha atyaMta viDambanA pahu~cAtA hai|' terahavIM kahAnI meM svarga kI gAya kI kahAnI AtI hai / yaha gAya rAtri ke samaya svarga se utarakara bhUloka para A jAyA karatI aura prAtaH kAla hone para apane sthAna ko lauTa jAtI / logoM ko svarga meM jAne kI icchA huI / usakI pUMcha pakar3a kara ve jAne lage / lekina mArga meM hAtha ke izAre se svarga ke lahU kA parimANa batAne kI lAlasA se, pUMcha chUTa jAne se, saba loga nIce girakara mara gaye / solahavIM kahAnI eka jaTAdhArI zaiva-upAsaka kI hai| eka bAra usane apane ziSya ko bAjAra se ghI aura tela lAne ke lie kahA / dhUpadAnI meM usane eka tarapha ghI aura dUsarI tarapha tela le liyaa| vApisa lauTakara vaha guru ke pAsa AyA / guru ne pUchA-ghI aura tela le Aye ? ziSya ne guru ke sAmane hI pAtra ko eka bAra sIdhA aura eka bAra auMdhA karake dikhA diyA / ghI aura tela donoM jamIna para gira gaye / kathAsaritsAgara meM naravAhanadatta kA vinoda karane ke lie usakA vijJa maMtrI gomukha aneka mugdha kathAe~ sunAtA hai / inameM agara jalAne vAle vaizya kI kathA, tila bone vAle mUrkha kRSaka kI kathA, mUrkha gaDarie kI kathA, mUrkha ruIvAle kI kathA, kezamUrkha kI kathA, namaka khAne vAle mUrkha kI kathA, mUrkha godohaka kI kathA, tailamUrkha kI kathA, mUrkha vaNDAla kanyA kI kathA, mUrkha rAjA kI kathA, mUrkha sevaka kI kathA, 'kucha' na mA~gane vAlI kI kathA; brAhmaNa aura dhUrtI kI kathA, mUrkha sevakoM kI kathA, apUpamugdha kI kathA, mahiSImugdha kI kathA Adi aneka sugdhakathAe~ ullekhanIya haiN| prAkRta kathA sAhitya kI eka kahAnI dekhiye--- mUrkha lar3akA kisI strI kA pati mara gayA thaa| usake eka lar3akA thaa| lar3ake ne mA~ se pUchA-mA~ ! pitAjI kyA karate the ? mUrkhaziSyo na kartavyo guruNA sukhamicchatA / viDambayati sotyantaM yathA vaTakabhakSakaH // yaha kahAnI vizva kathA-sAhitya meM anyatra bhI pAyI jAtI hai| 3. dekhie, dazamalaMbaka, paMcama taraMga 1. dekhie, dazama laMbaka, SaSTha taraMga

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mA~ -- naukarI | bAlaka- maiM bhI naukarI karU~gA / mA~ - tU abhI choTA hai, naukarI karanA tere basa kI bAta nahIM / lar3akA- -mA~ ! mujhe batA, naukarI kaise kI jAtI hai / mA~ - dekha, naukarI karane vAle ko namratApUrvaka vyavahAra karanA cAhie, mAlika kA jaya-jayakAra karanA cAhie, mAlika kI AjJAMnusAra calanA cAhie / aura kyA ? lar3akA apanI mA~ ke caraNoM kA sparza kara naukarI ke lie cala diyA / kisI jaMgala meM kucha zikArI hariNoM kI ghAta lagAye baiThe the / unheM dekhakara lar3ake ne dUra se jaya-jayakAra kiyA / zikAriyoM kA khela bakhela ho gayA / unhoMne samajhAyA - mUrkha ! aise samaya zoragula na macAkara, cupacApa dabe pAMva AnA cAhie / Age calane para use kapar3e dhote hue dhobI dikhAyI diye / dhobiyoM ke kapar3e corI cale jAte the aura cora kA patA lagatA nahIM thA / 66 lar3akA dhobiyoM kI ora cupacApa dabe pAMvoM jAne lagA / unhoMne use cora samajhakara pITA / dhobiyoM ne kahA DAlane se saphAI AtI hai / - khAra kucha dUrI para kisAna kheta meM bIja bo rahe the / usane vahI kahADAlane se saphAI AtI hai / na AyeM / - aise samaya dabe pAMva na Akara kahanA cAhie ki khAra usakI phira kuTAI huI / - kisAnoM ne kahA- aise samaya kahanA cAhie ki aise hI aura bhI hoM / Age calane para use zava ko le jAte hue kucha loga dikhAI diye / cillAkara vaha kahane lagA - are, aise aura bhI hoM / una logoM ne kahA - mUrkha ! aise samaya kahanA cAhie aise prasaMga kabhI - kucha dUrI para eka bArAta milI / usane duharAyA -- aise prasaMga kabhI na AyeM / bArAtiyoM ne samajhAyA -- aise samaya kahanA cAhie ki aise prasaMga bahuta-se AyeM aura hamezA maiM yahI dekhUM /

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67 Age calane para use eka kaidI dikhAI diyaa| usake pairoM meM ber3I par3I thI aura jela ke sipAhI use pakar3akara le jA rahe the| usane kahA--aise prasaMga bahuta-se Aye maiM hamezA yahI dekhU / __ kaidI ne kahA- aise samaya kahanA cAhie ki tuma zIghra hI baMdhana se mukta ho jaao| kucha dUra calane para bahuta-se mitra Ate hue dikhAyI diye / usane kahA-Apa zIghra hI baMdhana se mukta ho jaayeN| use phira apamAnita honA par3A / aba kI bAra usane eka ThAkura ke ghara naukarI kara lI / eka dina ThakurAina ne use ThAkura sAhaba ko bhojana ke lie bulAne bhejaa| ThAkura sAhaba kucha mitroM ke sAtha baiThe gapazapa kara rahe the / lar3ake ne dUra se sandezA diyA-calie ThAkura sAhaba ! ThakurAina bhojana ke lie bulA rahI haiN| ThAkura ne ghara Akara use samajhAyA -dekho, jaba do AdamI baiThe hoM to aisI bAta dhIre se Akara kAna meM kahanI cAhie / eka dina ThAkura ke ghara meM Aga laga gayI / ThAkurAina ne lar3ake ko jaldI se ThAkura ko khabara dene ko khaa| lar3akA ThAkura ke pAsa pahu~cA aura dhIre se kAna meM kahA-ThAkura sAhaba ! calie, ThakurAina bulA rahI haiN| ghara meM Aga laga gayI hai / ThAkura ne kahA--mUrkha ! aise samaya ghara chor3akara nahIM jAnA cAhie, vahIM rahakara pAnI, gobara, maDhe aura dahI se jisa taraha bhI ho, Aga bujhAnI caahie| eka dina sardI ke mausama meM ThAkura sAhaba snAna karake A rahe the / unake zarIra meM se bhApa nikala rahI thii| lar3ake ne samajhA ki ThAkura ke zarIra meM Aga laga gayI hai| vaha pAnI, gobara, maTe, dahI aura gomUtra, jo bhI usake hAtha lagA, use ThAkura ke zarIra para pheMkane lgaa|' 1. Avazyaka niyukti 133; malayagirikRta bRhatkalpabhASyavRtti, pIThikA, pR0 53-54 / AvazyakacUrNI, (pR0 110-11) aura Avazyaka hAribhadrIya vRtti (pR. 9.) bhI dekhiye / 'do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAniyA~' (prathama saMskaraNa) meM 'akla bar3I yA bhaiMsa' khaanii| isa prakAra kI anya kahAniyoM ke lie dekhie bRhatkalpabhAdhya 372 aura vRtti, pR. 110 meM paMDita aura vaiyAkaraNI kI kahAnI; 'do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAniyA~' (prathama saMskaraNa), meM 'mUrkha bar3A yA vidvAna' kahAnI, mUrkha vaidyarAja kI kathA ke lie dekhie, vRhatkalpabhASya 376 aura vRtti, pR0 111-12; 'do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAniyA~ (dvitIya saMskaraNa) meM 'vaidyarAja yA yamarAja' kahAnI /

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68 mUrkha ziSya kisI nagara meM koI jaTAdhArI rahatA thA / vRddha hone ke kAraNa vaha U~cA sunane lagA thaa| eka dina usane apane ziSya ko bulAkara kahA ki use ThIka sunAI nahIM par3atA, isalie kisI vaidya ke pAsa jAkara vaha bahirApana dUra karane kI auSadhi le aaye| ziSya vaidya ke ghara pahu~cA to vaha bAhara se lauTakara AyA thA / bAhara jAte samaya vaha apane jeThe lar3ake se usake choTe bhAI ko par3hAne ke lie kaha gayA thA / baidyajI ke pUchane para jeThe lar3ake ne javAba diyA---pitAjI ! maiMne usase par3hane ke lie bahuta kahA, para vaha sunatA hI nhiiN| vaidyajI ko bahuta gussA aayaa| unhoMne apane choTe lar3ake ko bulAkara bahuta mArA / vaidyajI use mArate jAte aura bIca-bIca meM kahate jAte--tU sunatA hai ki nahIM ? ziSya khar3A huA yaha saba dekha rahA thA / usane socA ki bahirApana dUra karane kI uttama auSadhi usake hAtha laga gaI hai| vaha bhAgA-bhAgA gurujI ke pAsa pahu~cA / gurujI ko hAtha se pakar3akara usane jamIna para girA diyA aura unheM thappar3oM aura ghUsoM se mArane lgaa| bIcabIca meM vaha kahatA jAtA-abhI bhI Apa sunate haiM yA nahIM ? ziSya dvArA guru ko piTatA huA dekhakara bahuta-se loga ikaTThe ho gye| unhoMne ziSya se guru ko mArane kA kAraNa pUchA / usane uttara diyA-bahirApana dUra karane kI yaha sarvottama auSadhi hai aura yaha auSadhi vaidyarAja ne use batAyI hai|' mUrkha paMDita kI kahAnI yaha kahAnI paMcataMtra kI hai kisI nagara meM cAra brAhmaNa rahate the| cAroM kannauja meM vidyAdhyayana kara svadeza lauTa rahe the / kucha dUra calane para do rAste dikhAyI diye / cAroM baiThakara socane lage-- kaunase rAste se gamana karanA ThIka hogA ? maladhArI rAjazekhara sUri, vinodakathAsaMgraha kathA 26 / 30 vaoN kathA meM vyavahAra meM akuzala cAra vidvAnoM kI kahAnI hai| bharaTadvAtriMzikA meM bhI isa taraha kI kathA AtI hai|

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69 usa samaya nagara ke baniye kA lar3akA mara gayA thA / usakA kriyA-karma karane ke lie loga use zmazAna le jA rahe the / pahale paMDita ne pothI - pustaka dekhakara kahA - jisa rAste se bahuta loga jAyeM, usI rAste se jAnA cAhie / ( mahAjano yena gataH sa panthAH) / ' cAroM paMDita mahAjanoM ke sAtha cala par3e / zmazAna meM pahu~cakara unheM eka gadhA dikhAyI diyA / dUsare paMDita ne pustaka dekhakara kahA -- utsava hone para, koI dukha A par3ane para, akAla par3ane para, zatrujanya saMkaTa upasthita hone para, rAjadvAra para aura zmazAna meM jo sAtha rahatA hai, vaha bandhu hai ( yastiSThati sa bAndhavaH) * tIsare paMDita ne pustaka dekhakara kahA dharma kI gati tvarita hotI hai (dharmasya tvaritA gatiH), ataH nizcaya hI yaha dharma honA cAhiye / cauthe paMDita ne kahA -- bilkula ThIka kahA Apane / lekina 'iSTa vastu ko dharma ke sAtha jor3a denA cAhiye' ( iSTaM dharmeNa yojayet ) / * yaha sunakara sabane usa gadhe ko U~Ta ke gale se bAMdha diyA / dhobI ko jaba patA lagA to vaha unheM mArane daudd'aa| cAroM ne bhAgakara jAna bacAyI / Age calane para rAste meM eka nadI par3I / nadI meM palAsa ke patte ko tairate dekha eka paMDita ne kahA- - yaha Ane vAlA pattA hameM pAra utA degA / 1. 2. zmazAna meM rahane ke kAraNa yaha gadhA hamArA bandhu honA cAhie / isapara koI gadhe ko gale se lagAne lagA aura koI usake pAMva dhone lagA / isa samaya unheM eka U~Ta dikhAyI diyA / 3. 4. zrutirvibhinnA smRtayazca bhinnA, naiko muniryasya vacaH pramANam / dharmasya tattvaM nihitaM guhAyAM mahAjano yena gataH sa panthAH // utsave vyasane caiva durbhikSe zatruvigrahe / rAjadvAre zmazAne ca yastiSThati sa bAndhavaH // kSaNaM cittaM kSaNaM vittaM kSaNaM jIvati mAnavaH / yamasya karuNA nAsti dharmasya tvaritA gatiH // satkule yojayet kanyAM putraM vidyAsu yojayet / byasane yojayecchatru iSTaM dharmeNa yojayet //

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70 yaha kahakara usane patte kA Azraya lene kI koziza kI to vaha nadI meM gira pdd'aa| dUsare paNDita ne usake bAla khIMcakara use bacAne kI koziza karate hue kahA'sarvanAza upasthita hone para paMDita loga AdhI vastu ko chor3a dete haiM' .. ( sarvanAze samutpanne ardhaM tyajati paNDitaH )' ataeva ise chor3a denA hI ThIka hogA / yaha sunakara dUsare paMDita ne usakA sira dhar3a se alaga kara diyA / Age calakara kisI gAMva meM unheM bhojana kA nyautA milA / pahale paMDita ko bhojana meM ghI aura khAMDa kI sevaiyA~ milIM / usane socA'lambe sUtavAlA naSTa ho jAtA hai' (dIrghasUtrI vinshyti)| vaha bhojana chor3akara cala diyA / dUsare paMDita ko mAMr3e mile / usane socA-'jo laMbA-caur3A aura vistAra vAlA hotA hai, vaha bahuta dina nahIM jItA' (yadativistAra vistIrNaM tad bhavenna ciraayussN)| vaha bhI bhojana chor3akara calA gayA / tIsare paMDita ko bATiyA~ milIM / usane socA---'chidroM meM anartha bahuta hote haiM ' (chidreSvanA bahulI bhvnti)| vaha bhI binA bhojana kiye calA gayA / 2 tInoM paMDita bhUkhe-pyAse lauTa Aye ! 4. buddhicamatkAra kI kahAniyA~ nimnalikhita kahAniyoM meM buddhi kA camatkAra lakSita hotA hai / isa prakAra kI aneka lokajIvana kI kathAe~ prAcIna kAla meM pracalita thIM / ziSyoM kA saMvAda kisI siddhaputra ke nimittazAstravettA do ziSya the| eka bAra ve ghAsa-lakar3I lene jaMgala meM gaye / vahA~ unheM hAthI ke pA~va dikhAI diye| pahalA ziSya-ye pA~va hathinI ke hone cAhie / dUsarA ziSya- tumane kaise jAnA ? 1. zloka kA uttarArdha / ardheNa kurUte kArya sarvanAzo hi duHsahaH / / 2. pAMcavAM taMtra, kathA 4 /

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"usakI laghuzaMkA dekhakara / aura vaha eka A~kha se kAnI hai|" "kaise patA lagA ?" "usane eka hI tarapha kI ghAsa khAyI hai / aura usapara eka strI aura eka puruSa baiThe hue the|" "kaise jAnA ?" "unakI laghuzaMkA dekhakara / aura vaha strI garbhavatI thii|" "kaise ?" "vaha apane hAthoM kA sahArA lekara uThI thii| aura usake putra paidA hogaa|" "kaise patA lagA ?" "usakA dAhinA pAMva bhArI thA / aura vaha lAla raMga ke vastra pahine hue thii| "kaise jAnA ?" "lAla dhAge AsapAsa ke vRkSoM para laTake hue the / ' maMtrIpada para niyukta karane ke pUrva rAjA puruSoM kI parIkSA letA aura jo parIkSA meM saphala hotA, use maMtrIpada diyA jAtA / akabara aura bIrabala ko kahAniyoM ke DhaMga kI nimna kahAniyoM meM buddhi kA camatkAra mukhyatayA dekhane meM AtA hai| catura maMtrI ujjayinI ke rAjA ke cAra sau ninyAnave maMtrI the ; eka kI kamI thii| rAjA ne socA, jo parIkSA meM saphala hogA, use vaha pradhAna maMtrI ke pada para niyukta kregaa| ujjayinI ke pAsa naToM kA eka gAMva thA / rAjA ne gAMvavAloM ke pAsa eka meMDhA bhijavAyA aura kahA ki dekhanA, yaha meMr3hA paMdraha dina bAda bhI vajana meM utanA hI rahe; na ghaTe, na bddh'e| usa gAMva meM bharata nAmaka naTa kA putra rohaka rahatA thA apanI pratyutpanna mati ke lie vaha dUra-dUra taka prasiddha thA / rohaka se pUchA gyaa| usane kahA-isameM kAna bar3I bAta hai ? usane meMr3he ko eka bher3ie ke sAmane bAMdha diyA aura use ghAsa khilAtA rahA / ghAsa khAte rahane se meMr3he kA vajana ghaTA nahIM aura bher3ie ke Dara se bar3hA nhiiN| 1. Avazyaka cUrNi, pR0 553, Avazyaka, hAribhadrIya vRtti, pR0 423 / vaineyikI buddhi kA yaha udAharaNa hai| isa prakAra kI kahAniyA~ guNAvya kI bRhatkathA meM rahI hoNgii| naMdisUtra (26) meM cAra prakAra kI buddhiyA~ batAI gaI haiM-autpAtikI, vainayikI, karmajA aura pAriNAmikI / abhayakumAra kI buddhi ke ye udAharaNa haiM / vainayikI meM nimitta, arthazAstra, lekhana, gaNita, kUpa, azva, gardebha, lakSaNa, graMthi. agada, gaNikA, rathika, zItA zATikA, tIbrodaka, aura gochoTaka ke udAharaNoM ke liye dekhiye Avazyaka niyukti 938-39, upadezapada gAthA 100-120, pR. 72-91 /

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eka dina rAjA ne eka murgA bhejA aura Adeza diyA ki dUsare murgoM kI sahAyatA ke binA lar3AkU banAkara bhejo / rohaka ne murge ke sAmane eka bar3A darpaNa rakha diyaa| murgA darpaNa ke murge ko dekhakara usake sAtha yuddha karanA sIkha gayA / eka dina rAjA ne eka bUr3hA hAthI bhejA aura kahA ki isake samAcAra bhijavAte rahanA. lekina kabhI yaha na kahanA ki hAthI mara gayA hai / agale dina rohaka se pUchakara gAMva vAle rAjA ke pAsa pahu~ce / unhoMne nivedana kiyA-mahArAja ! hAthI na kucha khAtA hai, na pItA hai, na usakI sAMsa hI calatI hai| rAjA ne pUchA-to kyA vaha mara gayA hai ? gAMva ke logoM ne uttara diyA-yaha to hama nahIM kaha sakate / rAjA ne aura bhI aneka prakAra se rohaka kI parIkSA lI / usakI buddhimattA se rAjA bahuta prasanna huaa| usane rohaka ko bulavAyA / lekina zarta thI ki vaha na zukla pakSa meM Aye, na kRSNa meM, na rAta meM, na dina meM, na chAyA meM, na dhUpa meM, na AkAza meM hokara, na paidala calakara, na gAr3Ighor3e para savAra hokara, na sIdhe rAste, na ulTe rAste, na nahAkara, na binA nahAye, parantu AnA use avazya cAhiye / rAjA kA Adeza pAkara, rohaka ne subaha uThakara AkaNTha snAna kiyA aura gAr3I ke pahiyoM ke bIca eka meMr3hA jota, usapara savAra ho, calanI kA chAtA lagA, eka hAtha meM miTTI kA piNDa le, amAvasyA ke dina, saMdhyA ke samaya rAjA ke darzana ke lie cala pdd'aa| rAjA ne prasanna ho rohaka ko pradhAnamaMtrI banA liyA / ' 1. Avazyaka cUrNI, pR0 545-46 / autpAtikI buddhi kA yaha udAharaNa hai| autpA tikI meM bharatazilA, paNita, vRkSa, kSullaka, bAla, paTa, taraTa, kAka, uccAra, gaja, bhANDa, gola, staMbha, kSullaka ziSya, mArgastrI, pati, putra, madhusiktha, mudrikA, aMka, nANaka, bhikSu, ceTaka, zikSA, arthazAstra, icchA aura zatasahasra ina 26 udAharaNoM ke liye dekhiye Avazyaka niyukti 934-36, upadezapada gAthA 52-106, pR0 48-71 / tula. nIya bauddhoM ke mahAummamga jAtaka se, jahA~ rohaka kA kAma mahosadha nAmaka maMtrI karatA hai| videha ke rAjA ko asAdhAraNa maMtriyoM kI AvazyakatA thii| yahA~ 19 praznottaroM dvArA mahosadha kI parIkSA kI gaI hai / Rgveda meM namuci aura indra kI kathA AtI hai / namuci indra ko nimnalikhita zartoM para mukta karane ko rAjI huA thA-vaha usakI (namuci kI) na dina meM hatyA karegA, na rAta meM, na daNDa se aura na AghAta se, na tamAce se aura na ghUse se, na kisI gIlI vastu se aura na sukhI se / indra ne jala ke jhAgoM se, prAtaHkAla meM namuci kI hatyA karanA ucita samajhA / dekhie, 'asaMbhava pratIta hone vAlI paristhitiyoM se kaise bacA jAye-' nAmaka 'moTipha' saMbandhI ema. blUmaphIlDa kA jaranala Apha amerikana orieMTala sosAyaTI, jilda 36 meM lekha /

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73 samarAiccakahA ke alAvA, suvikhyAta kathAkAra haribhadrasUri ne AvazyakavRtti, dazavaikAlikavRtti tathA upadezapada meM apanI lAkSaNika aura pratItAtmaka zailI meM likhI huI sarasa kathAoM kA samAveza kara prAkRta jaina kathAsAhitya ko samRddha banAyA hai / ina kathAoM meM hAsa-upahAsa aura vyaMgya kI paryApta mAtrA pAyI jAtI hai / dekhiye-- eka kSullaka aura bauddha bhikSu kisI bauddha bhikSu ne eka bAra giragiTa ko apanA sira dhunate hue dekhA / usa samaya vahA~ eka kSullaka upasthita huaa| bauddha bhikSu-kSullaka ! tuma to sarvajJa ke putra ho ! kaha sakate ho yaha giragiTa apanA sira kyoM dhuna rahA hai ? kSullaka he zAkyavati ! tumheM dekha yaha cintA se vyAkula huA, UparanIce dekha rahA hai| tumhArI dAr3hI-mUMcha dekhakara ise lagatA hai ki tuma bhikSu ho, lekina jaba yaha tumhAre cIvara para dRSTipAta karatA hai to mAlUma hotA hai tuma bhikSuNI ho| isake sira dhunane kA yahI kAraNa hai|' kitane kaue! bauddha bhikSu ne kisI kSullaka se prazna kiyA--batA sakate ho, isa benyAtaTa para kitane kaue haiM ? kSullaka sATha hajAra / bauddha bhikSu tumane kaise jAnA ? yadi kama-jyAdA hue to ? kSullaka -yadi kama haiM to samajha lIjie kucha videza cale gaye haiM / yadi adhika haiM to samajha lIjie ki bAhara se A gaye haiN| digambara sAdhu aura bauddha bhikSu / koI bauddha bhikSu saMdhyA ke samaya thaka jAne ke kAraNa digambara sAdhuoM kI vasati meM Thahara gyaa| digambara sAdhuoM ke upAsakoM ko yaha acchA na lagA / use daravAje vAlI eka koTharI meM Thaharane ko kahA gayA / 1. upadezapada, gAthA 84 TIkA, pR. 60 a / autpAtikI buddhi kA udAharaNa / 2. vahI, gAthA 85, pR0 61 / autpAtikI buddhi kA udAharaNa /

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74 jaba bhikSu sone ko gayA, to logoM ne koTharI meM eka dAsI ko banda kara bAhara se daravAjA lagA diyA / bhikSu samajha gayA ki ye loga use badanAma karanA cAhate haiM / usane koTharI meM jalate hue dIpaka meM apanA cIvara jalA DAlA / saMyogavaza vahA~ eka rakkhI huI pIchI bhI use mila gayI / prAtaHkAla hone para bauddha bhikSu apane dAhine hAtha se dAsI ko pakar3a, koTharI se bAhara nikalA / 1. vaha U~ce svara meM digambara sAdhuoM kI ora lakSya karake kahane lagA- are ! jaisA maiM hU~, vaise hI ye saba haiM / ' 5. nIti sambandhI kathAe~ nIti arthAt vyavahAra, bartAva, AcaraNa, mArgadarzana athavA vyavasthA / nItizAstra jAnakara hama vyavahArajJAna yAnI duniyAdArI sIkhate haiM aura sAvadhAnIpUrvaka AtmarakSA meM pravRtta hote haiN| isase jIvana kA vikAsa hotA hai, samAja meM vyavasthA phailatI hai aura sukha aura zAnti kA lAbha hotA hai / kathAzravaNa se pApoM kA nAza honA batAyA gayA hai / sAmAnya manuSya kI pravRtti zAstroM meM kama hotI hai, jabaki kathAzravaNa se use Ananda milatA hai aura sAtha hI udbodha aura jJAna bhI paidA hotA hai / mahAn puruSoM ke udbodhana ke lie kahAnI sabase zreSTha mAdhyama hai / udAharaNa ke lie, jina viSayoM ko maMtrIgaNa rAjA taka svayaM pahu~cAne meM saMkoca kA anubhava karate haiM, unheM pazu-pakSI, laukika athavA alaukika kahAniyoM ke bahAne prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se una taka pahu~cAyA jA sakatA hai / kuTilajanoM ke prati ba hamArI RjutA saphala nahIM hotI taba nIti se hI kAma lenA par3atA hai / zAstroM meM upadezapada, gAthA 100, pR0 68a - 69 / autpAtikI buddhi kA udAharaNa / zukasaptati (26) meM bhI isI taraha kI kahAnI hai / yahA~ bauddha bhikSu kI jagaha zvetAMbara sAdhu le letA hai / caMdrapurI nagarI meM siddhasena nAmaka kSapaNaka rahatA thA jisakA loga bahuta Adara karate the / vahA~ eka zvetapaTa ( zvetAMbara sAdhu ) kA Agamana huA aura usane saba zrAvakoM ko apane AdhIna kara liyA / kSapaNaka ko jaba yaha sahana nahIM huA to usane zvetapaTa ke upAzraya meM kisI vezyA ko bhejakara aphavAha ur3A dI ki vaha sAdhu vezyAlolupI hai / prAtaH kAla hone para zvetapaTa, dIpaka meM apane vastroM ko jalA, vezyA kA hAtha pakar3akara bAhara niklaa| use dekha loga kahane lage-are ! yaha to kSapaNaka hai! upadezapada aura zukasaptati kI kahAnI kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana upayogI siddha hogA /

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'apriya satya' kahane kA niSedha hai lekina kahAnI kA satya 'priya satya' hone se jaldI gale utara sakatA hai| saMskRta meM taMtrAkhyAna, paMcataMtra, hitopadeza Adi nItizAstra saMbandhI aisA bharapUra, kathA-sAhitya hai jisameM kathA ke bahAne manoraJjaka evaM zikSAprada jIvanopayogI bAteM kahI gayI haiN|' paMcataMtra-nIti kA zAstra kahate haiM ki mahilAropya nagara meM amarazakti nAmaka rAjA thaa| usake tIna putra the, lakina the tInoM vajramUrkha / apanI sabhA ke paMDitoM se rAjA ne salAha-mazvarA kiyaa| eka paMDita bolA----mahArAja ! 12 varSa meM vyAkaraNa par3hA jAtA hai, phira manu mahArAja kA dharmazAstra, phira cANakya kA arthazAstra aura usake bAda vAtsyAyana kA kAmazAstra samajha meM AtA hai| usake bAda hI jJAna kI prApti huI samajhanI caahie| ___ yaha sunakara eka maMtrI ne nivedana kiyA-mahArAja ! paMDitajI ne ThIka kahA hai| yaha jIvana bahuta samaya taka Tikane vAlA nahIM, aura zAstroM kA jJAna vizAla hai / ataeva rAjaputroM ko vidvAn banAne ke lie koI aisA zAstra par3hAnA cAhie jisase alpa kAla meM hI bodha ho sake / / sakalazAstroM kA paMDita viSNuzarmA rAjaputroM ko par3hAne ke lie taiyAra ho gayA / usane siMha garjanA kI ki yadi chaha mahine ke aMdara vaha rAjaputroM ko nItizAstra kA paMDita na banA de to vaha apanA nAma badala degA / isase patA lagatA hai ki paMcataMtra kI racanA vastutaH rAjakumAroM ke lie kI gayI thI, yadyapi Age calakara bAlakoM ke avabodha ke lie isakA upayoga kiyA jAne lgaa| paMcataMtra ko nItizAstra athavA arthazAstra bhI kahA gayA hai / samastazAstroM kA yaha nIcor3a hai aura nItizAstra saMbaMdhI usameM aneka suMdara AkhyAna haiN| vividha kathA-kahAnI tathA subhASita aura sUktiyoM dvArA yahA~ rAjanIti evaM lokavyavahAra kI zikSA dI gayI hai| ___ isakI nIti aura vyavahAra jJAna saMbaMdhI lokapracalita kahA~niyoM meM vidyA kI apekSA buddhi tathA bala-parAkrama kI apekSA yukti aura upAya ko mukhya batAyA hai| kahAniyoM ke pAtra prAyaH pazu-pakSI haiM jo hamArI aura ApakI taraha bolate, bAtacIta karate aura socate-vicArate haiN| kahAniyoM ko par3hate hue jaldI hI unase hama 1. kathAcchalena bAlAnAM nItistadiha kthyte| hitopadeza 2. paMcataMtra, kathAmukha 3. tataH prabhRtyetpaJcatantrakaM nAma nItizAstraM bAlAvabodhanArthaM bhUtale pravRttam-kathAmukha /

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76 AtmIyatA sthApita kara lete haiM / siyAra ko kapaTI, kaue ko dhUrta, bagule ko bhI, bilAva ko pAkhaMDI, ullU ko bhayAnaka, UMTa ko sarala, TiTahare ko ghamaNDI aura gardabha ko mUrkha ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi saMskRta mahAkAvyoM athavA adhikAMza saMskRta nATakoM kI bhA~ti nIti ke ina graMthoM meM zaktizAlI rAjAoM, vijetA senApatiyoM, pratiSThita purohitoM, rAjamahiSiyoM, rAjakumAriyoM aura zreSThiyoM kA nahIM, balki madhyamavarga vyApAriyoM, kRSakoM, karmakaroM, svArthI brAhmaNoM, dhUrtoM, kapaTI sAdhuoM, vezyAoM aura kuTTiniyoM Adi sAmAnya janoM ke vAstavika jIvana ke vividha rUpoM kA citraNa dekhane meM AtA hai / durbhAgya se mUla paMcataMtra aprApya hai, isake kevala uttarakAlIna saMskaraNa hI milate haiM / ' paMcataMtra ke viziSTa adhyetA DAkTara harTala ke anusAra, paMcataMtra ke sarvAdhika lokapriya saMskaraNa jaina vidvAnoM dvArA taiyAra kiye gaye haiM / isakA Textus simplicior nAmaka saMskaraNa kisI ajJAtanAmA jaina vidvAn dvArA 9 vIM aura 11 vIM zatAbdI ke bIca taiyAra kiyA gyaa| paMcAkhyAna yA paMcAkhyAnaka ( Textus ornator) nAmaka dUsarA saMskaraNa pUrNabhadrasUri ne san 1999 meM taMtrAkhyAyika (racanAkAla I0pU0 200) aura textus simplicior ke AdhAra para taiyAra kiyA / apanI racanA ke aMta meM lekhaka ne viSNuzarmA kA nAmollekha karate hue likhA hai ki somamaMtrI ke Adeza se, samasta zAstra paMcatantra kA Alokana kara, rAjanIti ke vivecanArtha, pratyeka akSara, pada, vAkya, kathA aura zloka kA saMzodhana kara isa zAstra kI racanA 1. viNTaranitsa ke hisTrI Apha iMDiyana liTarecara, jilda 3, bhAga 1, pR0 309-10 meM nimnalikhita saMskaraNoM kA ullekha hai (ka) tantrAkhyAyikA ( racanAkAla I0pU0 200) / (kha) pahalavI kA anuvAda ( racanAkAla 570 I0 ) / isa paMcatantra kA mUla aura anupahalavI se sIriyAyI aura arabI aura anuvAda hue, unase mUla saMskRta aura pahalavI vAda donoM hI aprApya haiM / lekina arabI se jo yUropIya bhASAoM meM anuvAda kA patA lagatA hai / (ga) paMcatantra kA aMza jo guNADhya ko baDDhakahA meM antarbhUta thA, aura aba kSemendra kI bRhatkathAmaMjarI aura somadeva kI kathAsaritsAgara meM upalabdha 1 (gha) dakSiNa bhAratIya paMcataMtra ( racanAkAla 7 vIM zatAbdI I0 ke bAda) / taMtrAkhyA yika ke yaha nikaTa hai / (Ga) zlokoM kA naipAlI saMgraha / dakSiNa bhAratIya saMskaraNa ke yaha nikaTa hai / isakI hastalikhita prati upalabdha hai /

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kitanI hI nayI kahAniyoM evaM sUktiyoM kA samAveza kiyaa| isa grantha kI bhASAvaijJAnika vizeSatAoM para se harTala ko mAnyatA hai ki anya bAtoM ke sAtha-sAtha grantha kartA ne apanI racanA meM prAkRta racanAoM athavA kathAoM kA laukika bhASA meM upayoga kiyA hai|' yahA~ prAkRta jaina kathA graMthoM meM pAye jAne vAle pazu-pakSiyoM, puruSoM aura striyoM saMbaMdhI katipaya manoraMjaka laukika AkhyAna diye jAte haiM jinakI tulanA paMcataMtra, jAtaka, zukasaptati, betAlapaMcaviMzatikA, kathAsaritsAgara Adi kI kathAoM se kI jA sakatI hai / / sarvaprathama hama pazu-pakSiyoM kI kahAnI lete haiM / pazu-pakSiyoMkI kahAniyA~ siyAra aura siMha kisI siyAra ne marA huA hAthI dekhA / vaha socane lagA--bar3e bhAgya se milA hai, nizcinta hokara khAU~gA / itane meM vahA~ eka siMha A pahu~cA / kuzala-kSema ke pazcAt siMha ne pUchAyaha kisane mArA hai ? siyAra-vyAghra ne mahArAja ! siMha ne socA, apane se choToM dvArA mAre hue zikAra ko nahIM khAnA caahie| vaha calA gayA / itane meM vyAghra A gayA / vyAghra ke pUchane para gIdar3a ne kaha diyA ki siMha ne mArA hai| vyAghra pAnI pIkara cala diyaa| thor3I dera bAda eka kauA AyA / gIdaDa ne socA-yadi ise na dUMgA to isakI kA~va-kA~va sunakara bahuta-se kaue ikaTThe ho jaayeNge| phira bahuta se siyAra A jAyeMge / kisa-kisako rokU~gA maiM ? siyAra ne kaue kI tarapha mAMsa kA eka Tukar3A pheMka diyA / kauA lekara ur3a gyaa| 1. viNTaranitsa, vahI, pR0 324

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79 usake bAda eka siyAra A dhamakA / usane socA-yaha barAbarI kA hai, ise mAra bhagAnA hI ThIka hai / . usane bhRkuTI car3hAkara usa siyAra ke aisI jora kI lAta jamAyI ki vaha bhAgatA hI najara aayaa| kisI ne ThIka hI kahA hai"uttamaM praNipAtena zUraM bhedena yojayet / nIcamalpapradAnena, samatulyaM parAkramaiH // " uttama ko namratA se, zUroM ko bheda se, nIca ko thor3A-sA dekara aura barAbaravAloM ko parAkrama se jIte / khasadruma gIdar3a eka bAra koI gIdar3a rAta ke samaya jaMgala meM se bhAgakara kisI gAMva meM A gayA aura jaba kahIM use bAhara jAne kA rAstA na milA to eka ghara meM ghusa gyaa| gIdar3a ko ghara meM ghusA huA dekha loga use mArane daur3e / gIdar3a, bhAgatA bhAgatA ghara ke bAhara aayaa| lekina vahA~ kutte usake piche laga gaye / vaha eka nIlakuNDa meM gira par3A / bar3I muzkila se usa kuNDa meM se bAhara nikalA / bAhara nikalate hI vaha jaMgala kI ora bhAgA / 1. yaha zloka mahAbhArata, (Adiparva, saMbhavaparva, adhyAya 140. 50-51) meM jaMbuka kathA meM nimna rUpa meM milatA hai--- bhayena bhedayed bhIrU zUramajalikarmaNA / lubdhamarthapradAnena samaM nyUna tathaujasA // DaoN. prabhAkara nArAyaNa kavaThekara, saMskRta sAhitya meM nItikathA kA udgama evaM vikAsa, pR0 374 / 2. dazavaikAlikacUrNI, pR0 104-5 / paMcataMtra (labdhapraNAza) meM bhI yaha kathA AtI hai| siyAra siMha ko vinamra bhAva se uttara detA hai ki usake lie vaha hAthI kI rakSA meM niyukta hai / vyAghra se kahatA hai--siMha hAthI ko mArakara nadI meM snAna karane gayA hai, tuma jaldI hI bhAga jAo / usake bAda cItA AtA hai| usase kahatA hai ki jaba taka siMha lauTakara Aye, tU hAthI kA mAMsa khAkara tRpta ho le / jaba cIte ke mu~ha mArane se hAthI kI khAla phaTa jAtI hai to gIdaDa use jaldI se siMha ke Ane kI sUcanA detA hai| cItA bhAga jAtA hai / kaue kA nAma yahA~ nahIM hai / 'uttamaM praNipAtena' zloka yahA~ uddhRta hai|

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kuNDa meM girane se gIdar3a kA zarIra nIle raMga meM raMga gayA thA / jaMgala ke jAnavara usase pUchate-terA yaha rUpa-raMga kaise badala gayA ? "jaMgala ke saba prANiyoM ne milakara mujhe khasadruma nAmaka rAjA niyukta kiyA hai| aba tuma sabako merI AjJA kA pAlana karanA hogA".--gIdar3a javAba detA hai / jaMgala ke jAnavara use rAjA samajha, usakA Adara karane lage / ve eka hAthI pakar3akara lAye / khasadruma usapara savArI kara zAna ke sAtha jaMgala meM ghUmane lgaa| ___ eka dina rAta ke samaya saba gIdar3a hAu-hAu kara rahe the| khasadruma bhI unakI AvAja meM AvAja milAkara 'hAu-hAu' karane lgaa| hAthI ko jaba yaha mAlUma huA to usane apanI sUMDha meM lapeTa use mAra DAlA !' / ghaNTIvAlA gIdaDa eka bAra kisI kisAna ke kheta meM Ikha kI acchI phasala huii| kheta meM gIdaDa Ane lge| kisAna ne socA ki isa taraha to ye gIdar3a sArA Ikha khA DAleMge, ataeva kheta ke cAroM ora eka khAI khudavA denI caahie| eka dina eka gIdar3a khAI meM gira pdd'aa| kisAna ne use khAI meM se nikalavA, usake kAna-pUMcha kATa, vyAghra kI khAla ur3hA, gale meM eka ghaMTI bA~dha, use chor3a diyA / gIdar3a jaMgala meM bhAga gyaa| usake sAthI use dekha bhaya ke mAre bhAgane lage / rAste meM unheM bher3iye mile / bher3iyoM ke pUchane para unhoMne kahAvicitra zabda karatA huA koI adbhuta prANI daur3A A rahA hai, bhAgo / bher3iye bhI bhAgane lge| Age calakara vyAghra mile / ve bhI Dara ke mAre unake sAtha bhAgane lage / kucha dUrI para cIte mile / ve bhI inake sAtha ho gye| mArga meM eka siMha baiThA huA thA / jAnavaroM ko bhAgate dekha usane unake bhAMgane kA kAraNa pUchA / unhoMne kahA--koI adbhuta prANI pIchA kara rahA hai / bacane kA koI upAya nahIM / 1 badankalpabhASya aura vRtti. uddeza 1.3251; vyavahArabhASya 3.27 / paMcataMtra (mitrabheda) meM gIdaDa kA nAma caMDarava hai / jaMgala ke jAnavaroM se vaha kahatA hai ki brahmA ne use jaMgala kA kakudruma rAjA banAyA hai| hAthI kA yahA~ nAma nahIM hai|

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isa samaya ghaNTI kI avAja karatA huA gIdar3a vahA~ se gujarA / siMha ne usake pAsa jAkara dekhA to patA lagA ki gIdar3a hai / siMha ne daboca kara use mAra ddaalaa|' lAlacI gIdar3a kisI bhIla ne jaMgala meM eka hAthI dekhA / use dekhakara vaha eka viSama pradeza meM khar3A ho gyaa| jaba usane dekhA ki usake bANa ke prahAra se hAthI gira par3A hai, to vaha DorI caDhe hue dhanuSa ko nIce rakha, hAtha meM pharasA le, hAthIdAMta aura usake gaMDasthala ke motI lene ke lie hAthI para prahAra karane lgaa| lekina hAthI ke girane se dabe hue mahAkAya sarpa se Dase jAne ke kAraNa vaha gira pdd'aa| udhara ghUmate-phirate hue eka gIdar3a kI najara mare hue hAthI, manuSya, sarpa aura dhanuSa para pahu~cI / vaha Darakara pIche haTa gayA / lekina lolupatA ke kAraNa vahA~ bAra-bAra Akara jhAMkane lgaa| thor3I dera bAda una sabako nirjIva samajha, nizzaMka, aura santuSTa ho vaha socane lagA hAthI ko to maiM jIvana-bhara khA sakatA hU~, manuSya aura sarpa se kucha samaya ke lie merA kAma cala jAyegA, isalie pahale maiM kyoM na dhanuSa kI DorI khAkara peTa bharU~? yaha nizcaya kara jaba usane dhanuSa kI DorI cabAnA zurU kiyA to dhanuSa kI koTi chiTaka kara usake tAlU meM lagI aura vaha vahIM Dhera ho gayA / 1. bRhatkalpabhASya 721-23 aura vRtti, pIThikA, pR0 221 / dekhie sIhacammajAtaka (189), daddabhajAtaka (322); aura paMcataMtra kI vAcAla rAsabha kathA (4. 7) / 2. vasudevahiMDI, pR0 168-69 / upadeza ke rUpa meM yahA~ kahA gayA hai ki jo iMdriyajanya sukha meM pratibaddha hokara paralokasAdhana meM nirapekSa rahatA hai, vaha gIdar3a kI bhA~ti maraNa ko prApta hotA hai / AvazyakacUrNI, pR0 168-69 / paMcataMtra (mitrasaMprApti) meM yaha kahAnI AtI hai / yahA~ jaMgalI sUara dvArA peTa phADa DAlane se bhIla kI mRtyu hotI hai / sUara bhI bhIla kA bANa lagane se mara jAtA hai / sA~pa kA nAma yahA~ nahIM hai / hitopadeza, mitralAbhaH aura kathAsaritsAgara bhI dekhie; tathA mUla sarvAstivAda kA vinayavastu, pR0 121-22 / 11

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kisI jaMgala meM eka siMha rahatA thA / hariNa kA mAMsa use bahuta acchA lagatA thA / pratidina vaha hariNa mArakara khAtA / 82 kharagoza aura siMha eka dina jaMgala ke saba hariNa milakara jaMgala ke rAjA ke pAsa pahu~ce / unhoMne nivedana kiyA - mahArAja ! hama loga pratidina jaMgala meM se eka prANI Apake bhojana ke lie bhejeMge, kRpA kara hamArI rakSA kareM / siMha ne svIkRti de dI / use aba ghara baiThe zikAra milane lagA / eka bAra eka bUDhe kharagoza kI bArI AI / jaba kharagoza siMha ke pAsa pahu~cA to sUryodaya ho cukA thA / siMha ne garaja kara pUchA- re duSTa ! itanI dera kahA~ thA ? kharagoza ne Darate-Darate uttara diyA- "mahArAja ! jaba Apake pAsa A rahA thA, rAste meM mujhe eka dUsarA siMha mila gayA / usane pUchA ---- kahA~ jA rahe ho ? maiMne kahA - jaMgala ke rAjA ke pAsa / vaha bolA - kyA ? jaMgala ke rAjA ke pAsa ? mere sivAya jaMgala kA rAjA aura kauna hai ? maiMne nivedana kiyA - mahArAja ! yadi maiM usake pAsa na jAU~gA to vaha mujhe aura mere sAthiyoM ko mAra DAlegA " / kharagoza kI bAta sunakara siMha Aga-babUlA ho gayA / vaha bolA - batA, vaha duSTa kahA~ rahatA hai ? maiM use abhI majA cakhAtA hU~ / vaha kharagoza ke sAtha cala diyA / kucha dUra calane para kharagoza ne eka kue~ kI ora izArA kiyA -- mahArAja ! vaha yahIM rahatA hai / dekhie, Apa kue~ para baiThakara garjanA kIjie / ApakI garjanA kA uttara vaha pratigarjanA se degA / gayA hai / siMha ko nizcaya ho gayA ki avazya hI vaha Dara ke mAre kue~ meM utara

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siMha apane pratidvaMdI ko majA cakhAne ke lie kue~ meM kUda par3A !' bandara aura bayA kisI bayA ne eka vRkSa para sundara dhosalA banAyA / eka bAra kI bAta hai, varSA Rtu meM ThaMDI havA calane lagI aura mUsalAdhAra pAnI barasane lagA / isa samaya vahA~ varSA se bacane ke lie ThaNDa se kA~patA huA eka bandara AyA / apane ghoMsale meM baiThI huI bayA kahane lagI-ai bandara ! tU jarA mera ghoMsale ko dekha / kitane parizrama se maiMne ise banAkara taiyAra kiyA hai| kitane sukha se maiM yahA~ rahatI huuN| na mujhe varSA kA Dara hai aura na havA kA / re mUrkha ! mujhe tujhapara dayA AtI hai ki tere hAtha pA~va hote hue bhI, Alasya ke kAraNa tU kucha nahIM kara sakatA / varSA kI tIkSNa bauchAreM sahane ke lie tU taiyAra hai aura ThaNDI havA ke thaper3e sahanA tujhe maMjUra hai, lekina thor3I-sI mehanata se apanA ghara tU nahIM banA sakatA ! pahale to bandara bayA kI bAteM cupacApa sunatA rahA / lekina bayA jaba apanI bAta ko bAra-bAra kahatI gayI to vaha kUdakara vRkSa kI DAla para pahu~cA / usane vRkSa kI usa DAla ko jora se hilAyA jisa para bayA kA ghoMsalA laTakA huA thaa| kSaNabhara meM bayA apane ghoMsale meM se jamIna para A girI / ghoMsale ko toDakara usane havA meM ur3A diyA / bayA se vaha kahane lagA-pyArI bayA ! aba tU mere 1. vyavahArabhASya 3. 29-30 aura vRtti pR. 7 a / tulanIya hitopadeza (mitrabheda); zuka saptati (31) ke sAtha / nigrodhajAtaka tathA kathAsaritsAgara bhI dekhie / malAyA ke jaMgalavAsiyoM meM isa prakAra kI kathA pracalita hai| DablyU. skITa, phebalsa eNDa phokaTelsa, kaimbrija, 1901, kahAnI naM. 12, pR0 28, DAkTara prabhAkara nArAyaNa kavaThekara, saMskRta sAhitya meM nItikathA kA udgama evaM vikAsa, pR.339 phuTanoTa / yaha kahAnI aphrIkA kI habzI jAti kI loka kathAoM meM bhI pAI jAtI hai / siMha kharagoza kA pIchA karatA hai| kharagoza rAste meM eka caTTAna ke nIce khar3A hokara cillAne lagatA hai-"siMha ! mere dAdAjI! yaha dekhie, yaha caTTAna hama logoM para girI jA rahI hai / kRpayA ise saMbhAlie" / siMha caTTAna ko saMbhAlane khar3A ho jAtA hai aura kharagoza bhAga jAtA hai| ise caTTAna 'moTipha' kahA gayA hai| sTaiNDarDa DikzanarI oNpha phokalora, mAitholojI eNDa lIjeNDa, jilda2, mAriyA lIca, nyUyArka, 1950

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samAna nirlajja ho gayI hai / varSA meM bhIgatI huI aura ThaNDa se kA~patI huI tU kitanI acchI lagatI hai !' kaue aura marA huA hAthI koI bUr3hA hAthI grISmakAla meM pahAr3I nadI pAra karate samaya nadI ke kinAre gira par3A / koziza karane para bhI vaha uTha nahIM sakA aura vahIM usakI mRtyu ho gayI / bher3ie aura gIdar3oM ne usake gudAbhAga ko khA liyaa| usake gudAbhAga se hokara kaue andara ghusa gaye / aMdara baiThe-baiThe ve usakA mAMsa khAne lge| kucha samaya bAda garmI ke kAraNa kauoM kA praveza mArga saMkucita ho gayA / kauoM ne socA-aba hama binA kisI vighna-bAdhA ke yahA~ ArAma se raha skeNge| varSAkAla AraMbha hone para pahAr3I nadI ke pravAha meM vaha hAthI baha gayA aura bahate-bahate usakI lAza samudra meM pahu~ca gayI / magara-macchoM ne use khA DAlA / lAza ke andara jala bhara jAne se kaue bAhara nikala Aye, lekina pAsa meM koI Azraya na pA unakI vahIM mRtyu ho gyii| , bRhatkalpabhASya aura vRtti, uddeza 1. 3252 / yahA~ bandara ke dRSTAnta dvArA labdhi prApta hone se garvonmatta kisI sAdhu ko zikSA dI gayI hai / Avazyaka niyukti 681 meM vAnara dRSTAnta AtA hai| AvazyakacUrNI (pR0 345) meM isa kahAnI kA gAthAoM meM varNana hai| tathA dekhie Avazyaka, hAribhadrIya vRtti, pR0 262 / paMcataMtra (mitrabheda), aura kUTidUsaka jAtaka (321) meM yaha kahAnI AtI hai| isa 'moTifa' kI tulanA eka koTA lokakathA ke 'moTipha' se kI jA sakatI hai| koI lar3akA Izvara kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie jaMgala meM jAtA hai| tIna dina taka vahA~ baiThA rahatA hai| cauthe dina usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| usakA zarIra phUla jAtA hai| eka bar3A cUhA jamIna kI miTTI khodakara usake sAre zarIra para eka bila banA letA hai| dekhie, ema bI0 emeniyana (M. B. Fmenean) kA jaranala Apha amerikana oriTiela sosAiTI (67) meM sTaDIz2a ina da phokaTelsa Apha iMDiyA, lekha / vasudevahiMDI, pR0 168 / yahA~ kauoM ko saMsArI jIva, hasti ke zarIra meM unake praveza ko manuSyayoni kA lAbha, aMdara rahate hue mAMsa-bhakSaNa ko viSayoM kI prApti, mArganirodha ko bhavapratibaMdha, jalapravAha ke kAraNa zarIra viyoga ko maraNakAla tathA kauoM ke bAhara nikala Ane ko parabhavasaMkramaNa kahA gayA hai| hemacandra ke pariziSTaparva (2. 5. 380-405) meM bhI yaha kathA AtI hai| tulanIya lohajaMgha brAhmaNa kI kathA se| gIdar3oM dvArA bhItara se khAI huI hAthI kI khAla meM pairoM kI tarapha se usane praveza kiyA / varSA ke kAraNa hAthI kI yaha lAza bahatI huI samudra meM pahu~ca gaI, sAtha meM lohajaMgha bhI / kathAsaritsAgara, 4. 2. 118-24

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anya kahAniyA~ parvata aura megha ____ eka bAra parvata aura megha meM vAkyuddha Thana gyaa| medha-maiM tujhe apanI eka jarAsI dhAra meM bahA sakatA hU~, tU samajhatA kyA hai ? parvata-yadi tU mujhe tilabhara bhI hilA de to merA nAma parvata nahIM / yaha sunakara megha ko bahuta krodha AyA / vaha lagAtAra sAta dina aura sAta rAta mUsalAdhAra jala kI vRSTi karatA rhaa| usane socA-aba dekhatA hU~ parvata kahA~ jAyegA ? aba to usake hozahavAza ThikAne A jAyeMge / lekina subaha uThakara dekhA to parvata aura ujjvala hokara camaka rahA thaa|' zekhacillI eka bAra kisI bhikhArI ko bahuta bhUkha lagI / vaha eka gozAlA meM gayA jahA~ gvAloM ne use sakorA bharakara dUdha pilAyA / do-cAra dina bAda vaha phira gozAlA meM pahu~cA / aba kI bAra gvAloM ne use haMDI bharakara dUdha diyaa| bhikhArI haMDI ko sirahAne rakhakara leTa gayA / vaha socane lagA--isa dUdha kA dahI jamAU~gA / dahI becakara murgI kharIdUMgA / murgI aNDe degI / aNDe becakara bakarI mola la~gA / bakarI becakara gAya kharIdUMgA / gAya se bahuta se baila ho jAyeMge / baila becakara bahuta-sA dhana kamA la~gA / dhana ko vyAja para car3hA dUMgA aura seTha bana jAU~gA / merA vivAha ho jAyegA / chamachama karatI gharavAlI aayegii| yadi vaha kabhI apamAna karegI to mArapITakara usakI akla ThikAne lagA duuNgaa| khATa para leTe-leTe bhikhArI ne jo 'gharavAlI' ko mArane ke lie hAtha uThAyA, bRhatkalpabhASya 334 aura vRtti (Avazyaka niyukti 139; tathA AvazyakacUrNI, pR0 121; Avazyaka hAribhadrIyavRtti (pR0 100) bhI dekhiye| yahA~ zaila ko aisA ziSya batAyA hai jo garjana-tarjana karate hue AcArya ke samIpa zAstra kA eka pada bhI nahIM sIkhanA cAhatA / AcArya lajjita hokara baiTha jAtA hai / Avazyaka niyukti 139 meM ziSyoM ko zaila, kuTa, chalanI, paripUNaka (gho-dUdha chAnane kA channA), haMsa, mahiSa, meSa, mazaka, jokha, bilAr3I, sehI bherI aura AbhIrI ke samAna batAyA hai| dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja pR0 288-91

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1. vaha hAtha haMDI meM lagA / haMDI phUTa gayI aura sArA dUdha bikhara gayA !' eka vyApArI koI vaNik mAla kI bahuta-sI gAr3iyA~ bharakara sArtha ke sAtha vyApAra ke lie calA / eka khaccara para usane upayogI samajhakara kucha paNa (eka choTA sikkA) lAda liye the / Ubar3a-khAbar3a mArga para calane ke kAraNa khaccara kI jhUla phaTa gayI aura paNa jamIna para bikhara gaye / yaha dekhakara vaNik ne mAla kI gAr3iyA~ roka dI aura logoM ko paNoM ko cugane ke lie kahA / vahA~ se kucha mArgadarzaka jA rahe the| unhoMne kahA-Apa loga kaur3I ke lie karor3oM kA kyoM nukasAna kara rahe haiM ? gAr3iyoM ko Age jAne deM / kyA Apa ko coroM kA Dara nahIM hai ? vaNik ne uttara diyA bhaviSya kI kauna jAne ? jo maujUda hai, use to pahale le leM / ___ vyApArI Age bar3ha gaye / vaNik pIche raha gayA / usakA mAla coroM ne lUTa liyaa| vyavahArabhASya aura vRtti, uddeza 3. 29. pR. 8a / paMcataMtra (aparIkSita kAraka) meM mana ke laDDU khAne vAle somazarmA ke pitA kI kahAnI AtI hai / sattU ke ghar3e ko dekhakara vaha socatA hai-akAla par3ane para sattU kA yaha ghar3A sau rupaye meM bikegA / usase bakariyAM AyeMgI, phira gAyeM, bhaiseM, ghor3iyA~ aura ghoDe ho jAyeMge / ghor3e becakara sonA, sone se caumajalA makAna banegA / phira vivAha hogaa| putra kA janma hogA / pustaka par3hane meM vaha bAdhA DAlegA / putra ke par3hane meM bAdhA DAlane ke kAraNa vaha apanI brAhmaNI ko mArane ke lie lAta uThAtA hai aura satta kA ghar3A phUTa jAtA hai / tathA dekhie bhavadevasUri kRta pArzvanAthacarita (2. 1025. 26) vinodAtmakakathA saMgraha kathA 33; dhammapada-adaThakathA, pR0 302, hitopadeza (4. 8) / yaha kathA vizva kathA sAhitya meM pAI jAtI hai| vasudevahiMDI, pR. 15 / yahA~ vaNik kI tulanA viSayasukha ke lobha ke vazIbhUta, mokSasukha ke sAdhanoM kI upekSA kara saMsAra meM race-pace manuSya se kI gayI hai| aisA manuSya pazcAttApa kA bhAgI hotA hai / AvazyakacUrNI pR. 272 meM bhI yaha kahAnI AtI hai / dhanadeva vaNik pAMca sau gAr3iyA~ mAla bharakara calatA hai| rAste meM vegavatI nadI pAra karate samaya eka baila thakakara vahIM gira par3atA hai / dhanadeva usake sAmane ghAsa-cArA aura pAnI rakhakara Age bar3ha jAtA hai / paMcataMtra (mitrabheda) meM vaNi putra vardhamAnaka saMjIvaka aura nandaka nAmaka do bailoM ko ratha meM jor3a, vyApAra ke lie mathurA ravAnA hotA hai / saMjIvaka yamunA nadI pAra karate hue daladala meM phaMsa jAtA hai / vardhamAnaka tIna rAta usake pAsa baiThA rahatA hai / tatpazcAt vahA~ se jAne vAle vyApAriyoM ke kahane para saMjIvaka ke lie rakhavAle niyukta kara Age bar3hatA hai| kAlAntara meM saMjIvaka kI piMgalaka siMha se mitratA ho jAtI hai|

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87 socA thA kucha, huA kucha ! vasubhUti nAma kA eka daridra brAhmaNa adhyApana kA kAma karatA thaa| usakI bhAryA kA nAma thA yajJadattA / usake somazarma nAma kA putra aura somazarmA nAma kI putrI thI / usakI gAya thI rohiNI / kisI dharmAtmA ne use khetI karane ke lie thor3I-sI jamIna de dI / isa jamIna meM usane zAli bo diye| eka dina usane apane putra se kahA-beTA ! maiM zahara jA rahA huuN| candragrahaNa lagane vAlA hai / sAhUkAroM se dAna-dakSiNA mA~ga kara lAU~gA / mere pIche tU kheta kI rakhavAlI karanA / kheta meM jo zAli paidA hoMge aura maiM jo kucha rupayApaisA mA~gakara lAU~gA, usase terI aura terI bahana kI zAdI kara deNge| tabataka rohiNI bhI biyA jaayegii| yaha kahakara brAhmaNa calA gayA / eka dina gAMva meM koI naTa AyA / somazarma naTI ke saMsarga se naTa bana gyaa| somazarmA ko kisI dhUrta se garbha raha gayA / rohiNI kA garbha gira gayA / khetI kI dekhabhAla na hone se zAli sUkha gaye / udhara brAhmaNa ko bhI kucha prApti na huI / vaha khAlI hAtha ghara lauTA / brAhmaNI dIna-hIna dazA meM baiThI dikhAyI pdd'ii| brAhmaNI ne uThakara usakA svAgata kiyA / brAhmaNa ne pUchA- yaha saba kyA ? brAhmaNI ne uttara diyA-hamArA bhAgya hI aisA hai / socA kucha thA aura huA kucha !' pArakhI ibhyaputra kisI nagara meM eka rUpavatI gaNikA rahatI thii| usake pAsa aneka dhanADhya rAjaputra, mantrIputra aura ibhyaputra Ate aura dhana-sampati luTAkara lauTa jAte / unheM bidA dete samaya gaNikA kahatI-yadi Apa mujhe chor3akara jA hI rahe haiM to kama-sekama mujha nirguniyA kI yAda ke lie kucha to lete jaayeN| 1. sAlIrutto taNo jAto, rohiNI na viyAiyA somasammo naDo jAo, somasammA vi gambhiNI // vasudevahiMDI, pR. 31

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gaNikA ke anurodha para koI usakA pahanA huA hAra, koI ardhahAra, koI kar3A, aura koI bAjUbaMda lekara jaataa| eka bAra koI ibhyaputra gaNikA ko chor3akara jAne lagA / gaNikA ne usase bhI kucha lene ko khaa| ibhyaputra ratnoM kA pArakhI thA / usakI najara gaNikA ke paMcaratnoM se jaTita bahumUlya sone ke pAdapITha kI ora gayI / usane kahA- yadi kucha lenA hI hai to apane pAdasparza se manohara isa pAdapITha ko mujhe de do| ise dekhakara maiM tumhArI yAda kara liyA karU~gA / gaNikA--isa jarA-sI cIja ko lekara kyA karoge? koI kImatI cIja maaNgo| lekina ibhyaputra ne pAdapITha hI lene kI icchA batAyI / ibhyaputra pAdapITha lekara calA gayA aura usane ratnaviniyoga dvArA bahuta-sA dhana kmaayaa| ___ eka lar3akI ke tIna vara ? kisI lar3akI ke tIna sthAnoM se maMganI AI / eka jagaha kI maMganI usakI mAtA ne, dUsarI jagaha kI usake bhAI ne aura tIsarI jagaha kI maMganI usake pitA ne lii| vivAha kI tithi nizcita ho gyii| tInoM sthAnoM se bArAta A pahu~cI / durbhAgyavaza jisa rAta ko bhA~vara par3ane vAlI thI, usa rAta ko lar3akI ko sA~pa ne kATa liyA / vaha mara gyii| lar3akI ke tInoM varoM meM se eka to usI ke sAtha citA meM jala gyaa| dUsare ne anazana AraMbha kara diyaa| tIsare ne devArAdhanA se saMjIvana mantra prApta kiyaa| isa mantra se usane usa lar3akI aura usake vara ko punaH ujjIvita kara diyA / aba tInoM vara upasthita hokara lar3akI mA~gane lage / batAie, tInoM meM se kise dI jAye ? vahI, pR. 4 / yahA~ gaNikA kI tulanA dharmazravaNa, rAjaputra, Adi kI devamanuSya sukhabhogI prANiyoM, hAra Adi AbharaNoM kI dezavirati sahita tapopadhAna, ibhyaputra kI mokSa ke icchuka, parIkSAkauzala kI samyagjJAna, ratnajaTita pAdapITha kI samyagdarzana, ratnoM kI mahAvrata aura ratnaviniyoga kI nirvANa sukha se kI gayI hai|

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jisa vara ne lar3akI ko jilAyA, vaha usakA pitA huA aura jo usake sAtha jIvita huA, vaha bhAI khlaayaa| ataeva lar3akI kA hakadAra vahI samajhA jAyegA jo anazana kara rahA thA / usI ko lar3akI milanI cAhie' / pati kI parIkSA kisI brAhmaNI ke tIna kanyAe~ thIM / usake mana meM vicAra AtA ki vivAha ke pazcAt ve kaise sukhI bneNgii| - usane unheM sikhA diyA ki vivAha ke pazcAt prathama darzana meM tuma loga pAdaprahAra se pati kA svAgata karanA / brAhmaNI kI jeThI kanyA ne apanI mA~ kA Adeza pAlana kiyA / AvazyakacUrNI 2. pR0 58 / betAlapaMcaviMzatikA kI pAMcavIM kahAnI meM harivaMza maMtrI kI kanyA praNa karatI hai ki vaha kisI aise puruSa se vivAha karegI jo vIratA, vidyA athavA mantra-tantra meM sabase bar3hakara hogaa| kanyA kA pitA vara kI talAza ke lie prasthAna karatA hai| vaha eka brAhmaNa kI khoja karatA hai jo mantravidyA meM atyanta kuzala hai| kanyA kA bhAI eka vidvAn brAhmaNa ko apanI bahana ke vivAha ke lie vacana detA hai / kanyA kI mAtA apanI beTI ke lie bANa calAne meM kuzala eka yoddhA ko pasaMda karatI hai| vivAha kI tithi nizcita kI jAtI hai / usI dina eka rAkSasa kanyA kA apaharaNa kara letA hai| vidvAn brAhmaNa usa sthAna kA patA lagAtA hai jahA~ kanyA rahatI hai| mAMtrika vahA~ apanA havAI-jahAja lekara pahu~catA hai / yoddhA rAkSasa ko mArakara kanyA ko vApisa lAtA hai| betAla prazna karatA hai ki tInoM meM se kanyA kise dI jAnI cAhie ? rAjA uttara detA hai ki yoddhA kanyA kA hakadAra hai; vahI kanyA ko rAkSasa se chur3A lAyA hai / benphe Adi vidvAnoM ne isa kahAnI ko vizva sAhitya kI kahAnI meM garbhita kiyA hai| viTanitsa, da hisTrI Apha iMDiyana liTarecara, jilda 3, bhAga 1, pR0 369 noTa / arebiyana nAiTrasa kI zahajAde ke DhaMga ko yaha kahAnI hai| jAna harTala ne betAlapaMcaviMzatikA aura paMcatantra ke jaina saMskaraNa meM pAI jAne vAlI sUktiyoM kI anukramaNikA prakAzita kI hai, bI0esa0 jI0DablyU0 (1902 pR0 123) nAmaka jarmana patrikA meM; viNTaranitsa, da hisTrI Apha iMDiyana liTarecara, jilda 3, bhAga, 1, pR. 368 phuttnott| siMhAsanadvAtriMzikA aura bharaTakadvAtriMzikA ko jaina vidvAnoM kI racanAe~ batAyA gayA hai| viMTaranitsa, jainAz2a ina iMDiyana liTarecara nAmaka lekha, iMDiyana kalcara, julAI 1934-apraila 1935, pR0 150 / 12

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20 lAta khAkara usakA pati apanI priyA ke paira dabAte hue kahane lagA-- priye ! tumhAre paira meM kahIM coTa to nahIM laga gayI ! __ kanyA ne apanI mA~ se yaha bAta kahI / mA~ ne uttara diyA-beTI ! tU nizcita raha, terA pati terA gulAma banakara rahegA / ____maMjhalI kanyA ne bhI aisA hI kiyA / usake pati ne lAta khAkara pahale to apanI patnI ko burA-bhalA kahA, lekina zIghra hI zAnta ho gayA / mA~ ne kahA--beTI ! tU bhI ArAma se rahegI, cintA mata kara / aba sabase choTI kanyA kI bArI AI / pati ne lAta khAkara use pITanA zurU kiyA, aura vaha usake kula ko apazabda kahane lgaa| mA~ ne kahA--beTI tujhe ! saba se zreSTha pati milA hai| tU usakI AjJA meM sadA rahanA aura usakA sAtha kabhI na choDanA / ' nAina paMDitA koI nAina kheta meM bhojana liye jA rahI thii| rAste meM coroM ne use pakar3a liyaa| vaha bolI- calo, acchA hI huA, mujhe bhI Apa logoM kI talAza thii| lekina isa samaya to Apa mujhe jAne deM / rAta ko mere ghara Aie, Apake sAtha rupaye lekara cleNgii| rAta ke samaya jaba cora usake ghara meM ghuse to nAina ne unakI nAka kATa lii| cora Darakara bhAga gaye / agale dina coroM ne phira use kheta meM jAte hue dekhA / coroM ne nAina ko pakar3a liyA / unheM dekhate hI vaha apanA sira pITane lagI aura bolI-are ! yaha kisane kATa lI ? nAina unake sAtha cala dii| Age calakara coroM ne use eka kalAla ke ghara beca diyA / rupaye lekara ve campata hue / nAina vahA~ se Akara rAta meM eka vRkSa para chipakara baiTha gyii| cora bhI saMyogavaza usI vRkSa ke nIce Akara tthhre| mAMsa pakAkara ve khAne lge| 1. bRhatkalpa bhASya 262 aura vRtti ; AvazyakacUrNI , pR. 81 aprazasta bhAvopakrama kA yaha dRSTAnta hai / Avazyaka, hAribhadrIya TIkA, pR. 55 /

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unameM se eka cora mAMsa lekara vRkSa para car3hA / usane cAroM tarapha dekhA to eka aurata ko baiThe hue pAyA / aurata ne use rupaye nikAlakara dikhalAye / rupayoM ke lAlaca se cora jyoMhI usake pAsa pahu~cA, aurata ne jora se apane dAMtoM se use kATa liyA / 91 cora Darakara bhAgA / vaha kahane lagA - are ! yaha to vahI hai ! nAina coroM kI corI kA saba mAla lekara caMpata huI / ' nUpurapaMDitA koI seThAnI apane pati ke rahate hue bhI kisI anya puruSa se prema karane lagI thI / strI ke zvasura ne apane beTe se yaha bAta kahI, lekina use vizvAsa na huA / 1. AvazyakacUrNI, pR0 523 / kathAsaritsAgara ( 2, 5, 92 - 111 ) meM siddhi sevikA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara uttarApatha se Aye hue eka vaNikputraka ke yahA~ rahane lagI / eka dina vaha usakA sArA sonA lekara calatI banI / rAste meM eka Doma milA / siddhi kA dhana chInane ke lie Doma ne usakA pIchA kiyaa| siddhi ne eka pIpala ke per3a ke nIce pahu~cakara bar3I dInatApUrvaka usase nivedana kiyA-Aja maiM apane pati se kalaha karake ghara se bhAga AI hU~ / maiM maranA cAhatI hU~, tuma mere lie phAMsI kA phaMdA bAMdha do / Doma ne vRkSa se phaMdA bAMdhakara laTakA diyA / siddhikarI ne Doma se kahA- isa phaMde meM galA kaise phaMsAyA jAtA hai ? jarA galA pha~sAkara to dikhAo / Doma ne pairoM ke nIce Dholaka rakhakara apane gale ko phaMde meM DAlakara dikhA diyA / lekina siddhikarI ne jhaTa se Doma ke pairoM ke nIMce se Dholaka haTA lI aura vaha phaMde meM laTaka kara mara gayA / usa samaya apanI strI ko DhU~DhatA huA apane naukara ke sAtha usakA pati vahA~ AyA / use dekha vaha vRkSa ke pattoM meM chipakara baiTha gayI / usakA naukara vRkSa para car3hakara use DhU~r3hane lagA / siddhikarI ne use dekhakara kahA-- Ao, mere pAsa Ao / tuma bahuta sundara ho tuma para maiM mohita hU~ / lo, yaha bhI le lo aura mere zarIra kA upabhoga karo / yaha kahakara, jyoMhI vaha naukara usake pAsa AyA, usakA cuMbana lene ke bahAne, siddhikarI ne usakI jIbha kATa lI / usakA pati apane naukara ke sAtha vahA~ se jaldI se bhAga gyaa| siddhikarI vRkSa se nIce utara dhana kI gaTharI uThAkara caMpata huI !

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parIkSA ke lie strI ko yakSamaMdira meM bhejA gyaa| strI ne maMdira ke pizAca (jo pizAca ke rUpa meM strI kA premI thA) ko sambodhita karake kahA he pizAca ! jisa puruSa ke sAtha merA vivAha huA hai, use chor3akara yadi maiMne anya kisI se prema kiyA ho to tuma sAkSI ho / yakSamaMdira kA niyama thA ki yadi koI aparAdhI hotA to vaha vahIM raha jAtA aura nirdoSI bAhara nikala jAtA / ' strI kA ukta sambodhana sunakara pizAca soca meM par3a gayA ki isane to mujhe bhI Thaga liyaa| pizAca kSaNabhara ke lie soca meM par3A rahA aura isa bIca strI maMdira se jhaTa se bAhara nikala AI ! 6 bauddhoM kI jAtaka kathAe~ bauddhoM kI jAtaka-kathAe~ bhI kathA-kahAniyoM kA samRddha koSa hai / zrIlaMkA, barmA Adi pradezoM meM ye kathAe~ itanI lokapriya haiM ki loga rAta-rAtabhara jAgaraNa kara inheM bar3I zraddhApUrvaka sunate haiM / jAtaka-kathAoM meM buddha ke pUrvabhavoM kI kathAe~ haiM jinake aneka dRzya sAMcI, bharahuta Adi ke stUpoM kI bhittiyoM para aMkita haiM / inakA samaya I0pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / jAtaka-kathAe~ I0pU0 pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva se lekara IsavI san kI prathama yA dvitIya zatAbdI meM racI gayI haiN| katipaya vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki jAtaka kI aneka kathAe~ mahAbhArata aura rAmAyaNa meM vikasita rUpa meM pAyI jAtI haiN| zuddhatAparIkSA (caisTiTI TaisTa) moTipha' ke liye dekhiye sTaiNDarDa DikzanarI oNpha phoka lora mAitholojI eNDa lIjeNDa, jilda 1 mAriyA lIca, nyUyArka 1949. caisTira TaisTa' aura 'aikTa oNpha TUtha' nAmaka lekha; penjara, ozana oNpha sTorI, 'caisTiTa iNDeksa' moTipha, bhAga 1, pR. 165-68 rUtha naoNraTana (Ruth Nortan), da lAi' iNDeksa e hindU, phikzana moTipha, sTaDIz2a ina Anara Apha maurisa blUma phIla yela yUnivarsiTI presa, 1920 / dazavaikAlika cUrNI, pR0 89-91 / pariziSTa parva (2.8.446-640) bhI dekhiye tulanA kIjie zukasaptati kI 15vIM kahAnI ke sAtha /

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-93 jAtaka-kathAoM meM buddha ke pUrva jIvana saMbaMdhI kathAoM kA saMgraha hai / buddhatva prApta karane ke pUrva gautama buddha ne aneka yoniyoM meM janma liyA, jahA~ ve bodhisatva kI avasthA meM rahe / kabhI pazu-pakSI, kabhI manuSya aura kabhI devayoni meM janma dhAraNa kara ve apane jIvana kA lokahita saMbaMdhI koI zikSAprada AkhyAna sunAte haiN| ye manoraMjaka AkhyAna kabhI dRSTAMtoM, kabhI upamAoM, kabhI sUktiyoM, kabhI praznottaroM, kabhI prahelikAoM aura kabhI hAsya evaM vyaMgya kathAoM ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| ina kathAoM meM se yadi bodhisatva kA nAma haTA diyA jAye to ye kathAe~ zuddha laukika kathA ke rUpa meM raha jAtI haiN| jaina kathAoM aura jAtaka-kathAoM kI tulanA jaina kathAoM aura bauddhoM kI jAtaka-kathAoM kI tulanA karate hue DAkTara harTala ne jaina kathAoM ko zreSTha batAyA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM unakA nimna vaktavya dhyAna dene yogya hai-"jAtaka kI kahAnI kA AraMbha adhikAMza rUpa meM nagaNya hotA hai| amuka-amuka ghaTanA amuka-amuka bhikSu ke sAtha huii| bhagavAna buddha Ate haiN| bauddha bhikSu unase prazna karate haiM vartamAna paristhiti ke saMbaMdha meM; buddha usa bhikSu ke pUrva bhava ko kathA sunAkara uttara dete haiN| yahI pUrvabhaba kI kathA jAtaka kI mukhya kathA haiM (jaba ki jaina kahAniyoM meM kahAnI ke niSkarSa meM yaha bAta kahI jAtI hai)| bodhisatva athavA bhAvI buddha isa kahAnI meM apanI bhUmikA adA karate haiM, avazya hI vaha bhUmikA unake anurUpa honI cAhie / phira, isa samasta kahAnI kA zikSAprada honA Avazyaka hai / jAtaka-kathAoM ke jahA~ taka manoraMjaka hone kA saMbaMdha hai, yaha bauddhoM kI khoja nahIM hai; ve bhArata meM jagaha-jagaha bikhare hue kathA-kahAniyoM ke vizAla bhaMDAra se lI gayI haiM / inameM se kitanI hI janapriya kahAniyA~ paTutApUrNa haiM, vicitra haiM athavA kisI rUpa meM manoraMjaka bhI, lekina zikSAprada ve nahIM haiM / ataeva bauddha bhikSu, jinakI jAtaka kathAe~ hara hAlata meM zikSAprada aura bodhisatva ke anurUpa honI cAhie, lokapriya kathAoM meM apane uddezya ke anusAra parivartana karane ke lie bAdhya hote haiM, aura isakA duHkhada pariNAma prAyaH yaha hotA hai ki isa prakAra kI kathA nIrasa banakara raha jAtI hai, jisameM se usakA camatkAra hI naSTa ho jAtA hai, aura isakA vikAsa prAyaH manovaijJAnika saMbhAvyatA ke viparIta hotA hai| bauddha loga apane siddhAMtoM kA sIdhA upadeza dene ke lie bodhisatva kA udAharaNa prastuta karate haiM ki manuSya ko buddhadharma kI maitikatA kI dhAraNA ke

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anusAra kisa prakAra AcaraNa karanA caahie| tathA yadi bauddhajAtaka kathA ke lie pasaMda kI gayI kisI kahAnI meM isa prakAra kA naitika AcaraNa nahIM hai to kahAnI meM tadanusAra parivartana karanA par3egA / bauddhoM ke anusAra, arthazAstra ke paThana-pAThana ko pApAcaraNa kahA gayA hai / lekina bhArata kI sarvazreSTha kahAniyA~ isI zAstra meM vikasita huI pAI jAtI haiN| bauddha sAdhu aisI kitanI hI kathAoM ko apane kathAsaMgraha meM sthAna dete haiM, kintu apane siddhAnta ke anusAra, kahAnI ke unhIM muddoM ko-aura phalasvarUpa ina kahAniyoM kI atyanta Avazyaka vizeSatAoM ko parivartita karane ke lie ve bAdhya hote haiM, aura isa taraha aparihArya rUpa se svayaM kahAniyA~ hI naSTa ho jAtI haiN| yaha kevala eka saMyoga kI bAta nahIM ki paMcataMtra ke anekAneka saMskaraNoM kA bauddhoM kA eka bhI saMskaraNa upalabdha nahIM hotA / ' 7. zramaNa saMskRti kI poSaka vairAgyavardhaka jaina kathAe~ zramaNa saMskRti meM nivRtti kI pradhAnatA uttarAdhyayana ke kApilIya adhyayana meM kahA hai-"adhruva, azAzvata aura dukhoM se paripUrNa isa saMsAra meM maiM kaunasA karma karU~, "jisase durgati ko prApta na hoU~ ?" uttara-pUrva paricita saMyoga kA tyAga karake, jo kahIM kisI vastu meM sneha nahIM karatA, aura sneha karane vAloM ke prati snehazIla nahIM hotA, vaha bhikSu doSa aura pradoSoM se mukta hotA hai|" yaha saMsAra aneka dukhoM aura kaSToM se pUrNa hai| manuSya ko karma kA phala bhoganA hI par3atA hai| karma ke vaza huA vaha asaMkhya yoniyoM meM anaMtakAla taka bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai / dhana, dhAnya aura baMdhu-bAMdhava usakI rakSA nahIM kara sakate / AkAza ke samAna vistAra vAlI tRSNA se usakI tRpti nahIM hotii| aisI avasthA meM jabataka manuSya jarA se jarjarita aura Adhi-vyAdhi se pIr3ita nahIM ho, taba taka AtmasvarUpa ko pahacAna kara use dharma kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie / manuSya janma kI prApti atyanta durlabha hai| manuSya janma pAkara jo paralokahita meM rata nahIM rahatA, 1. Ana da liTarecara Apha da zvetAMbarAja Apha gujarAta, pR. 7-8 adhuve asAsayammI saMsArammI dukkhapaurAe / kiM nAma hojja taM kammayaM, jeNAhaM doggaI na gacchejjA // vijahittu puvvasaMjoya, Na siNehaM kahici kubvejjA / asiNeha siNehakarehiM, dosapaosehiM muccae bhikkhU // utta0 8. 1-2

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95 vaha maraNakAla ke samaya zokAbhibhUta hotA hai| jo dazA jala meM par3e hue hAthI, kAMTe se pakar3e hue matsya aura jAla meM phaMse hue pazu-pakSiyoM kI hotI hai, vahI dazA jarA aura mRtyu se abhibhUta isa jIva kI hotI hai| usa samaya apane trAtA ko na prApta karatA huA, karmabhAra se prerita hokara vaha zoka se vyApta hotA hai / Atmadamana karane, apanI icchAoM para niyaMtraNa karane aura saMsAra ke mAyA-moha kA tyAga karane se hI zAzvata, avyAbAdha aura anupameya nirvANasukha kI prApti ho sakatI hai saMkSepa meM yahI nivRttipradhAna zramaNa saMskRti hai jo vaidika dharma kI pravRttipradhAna brAhmaNa saMskRti se mela nahIM khaatii| tyAga aura vairAgyapradhAna kathAe~ __ zramaNa saMskRti kI poSaka kathAoM meM kevala sAmAnya strI-puruSa hI saMsAra kA tyAga kara zramaNa dIkSA. svIkAra nahIM karate, balki vidvattA, zUravIratA aura dhanaaizvarya se saMpanna uccavargIya vidvAn brAhmaNa, rAje-mahArAje, senApati aura dhanakubera bhI nirvANa sukha kI prApti ke lie isa mArga kA avalaMbana grahaNa karate haiN| koI apane sira ke zveta keza ko dharmadUta kA Adeza samajhakara, koI bAr3e meM baMdha hue nirIha pazuoM kI cItkAra sunakara, koI mudrikAzUnya apanI uMgalI, phalarahita Amra vRkSa, aura mAMsakhaMDa ke lie lar3ate hue do gIdhoM ko dekhakara, koI kisI utsava kI samApti para sarvatra zUnyatA kA anubhava kara aura koI dIpazikhA para girakara jalate hue patiMge ko dekhakara, jala ke bubudoM aura osakaNa ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura saMsAra kA parityAga kara saMyama, tapa aura tyAga kA avalaMbana lete hue Atmahita meM saMlagna hote haiM / isa saMbaMdha meM nami rAjarSi aura zakra kA saMvAda ullekhanIya hai / rAjapATa kA tyAgakara vana kI zaraNa lete hue mithilAnareza nami se zakra prazna karatA hai mahArAja ! yaha agni aura yaha vAyu Apake bhavana ko prajvalita kara rahI hai| apane antaHpura kI ora Apa kyoM dhyAna nahIM dete ? nami - he indra ! hama to sukhapUrvaka haiM, kisI vastu meM hamArA mamatva bhAva nahIM hai / ataeva mithilA ke prajjvalita hone se merA kucha bhI prajvalita nahIM hotaa|' 1. videha ke rAjA janaka ne bhI mahAbhArata (zAMtiparva 178) meM kahA hai : anantaM bata me vittaM yasya me nAsti kiJcana / mithilAyAM pradIptAyAM na me dahati kizcana // bauddhoM ke dhammapada kA taNhAvagga bhI dekhie /

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zakra he rAjarSi ! apane nagara meM prAkAra, gopura, aTTAlikA, khAI, aura zataghnI Adi kA prabaMdha karane ke pazcAt , nirAkula hokara saMsAra kA tyAga kreN| ____ nami-zraddhArUpI nagara kA nirmANa kara, usameM tapa aura saMvara ke argala (mUsale) lagA, kSamA kA prAkAra banA, triguptirUpI aTTAlikA, khAI aura zataghnI kA prabaMdha kara, dhanuSarUpI parAkrama car3hA, IryAsamitirUpI pratyaMcA bAMdha, dhairyarUpI mUTha lagA aura tapa ke bANa se karmarUpI kaMbuka ko bheda, maiMne saMgrAma meM vijaya prApta kI hai, ataeva aba maiM saMsAra se chuTakArA pA gayA huuN|' aspRzya samajhI jAne vAlI jAti meM utpanna loga zramaNadIkSA svIkAra kara maitrI, kAruNya Adi kA upadeza dete haiN| aneka AkhyAnoM meM yajJa-yAga meM hone vAlI hiMsA kI garhaNA kara paramadharma ahiMsA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / zramaNa saMskRti meM ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, brahmacarya, Atmadamana, karmasiddhAnta aura jAtivirodha kI mukhyatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai / ataH zramaNa saMskRti saMbaMdhI kathAe~ brAhmaNoM ke paurANika sAhitya para AdhArita na hokara sAmAnya jIvana kI lokagAthAoM para AdhArita haiN| viNTaranitsa ne isa prakAra ke sAhitya ko zramaNakAvya nAma se abhihita kara, samAna rUpa se mahAbhArata, jaina evaM bauddha sAhitya para usake prabhAva ko svIkArakiyA hai| __ mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva (mokSa dharma) meM aise kitane hI AkhyAna aura nItivacana samAviSTa haiM jinakI tulanA jaina aura bauddhoM ke ahiMsA aura maitrI ke siddhAntoM se kI jA sakatI hai / eka AkhyAna dekhie - 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 9 / tulanA kIjie mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva (12. 178 ) tathA sonaka jAtaka (529), pR0 337-38 ke sAtha / dekhie 'sama problamsa Apha iMDiyana liTarecara' meM 'eseTika liTarecara ina eMziyeMTa iMDiyA', kalakattA yUnivarsiTI presa, 1925, pR0 21-10 / yahA~ pitAputra saMvAda (mahAbhArata, sabhAparva),vidurahitavAkya (mahAbhArata 5. 32-40), dhRtarASTrazokApanodana (strIparva 2-7), dharmavyAdha ke upadeza (vanaparva 207-16), tulAdhArajAjalisaMvAda (zAMtiparva 261-64), yajJanindA (mahAbhArata 12. 272), gokapilIya adhyayana (12, 269-71). vyAdha aura kApota (zAMtiparva 143-19) Adi prakaraNoM ke saMvAdoM aura nItivacanoM kI tulanA jaina aura bauddha upadezoM ke sAtha kI gayI hai|

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kabUtara aura bAja eka bAra rAjA megharatha apanI pauSadhazAlA meM baiThe the ki vahA~ Dara se kA~patA huA eka kabUtara Akara girA / zaraNa meM Aye hue kabUtara ko rAjA ne abhaya diyA / kabUtara ke pIche-pIche eka bAz2a bhI vahA~ aayaa| vaha kahane lagA"yaha kabUtara merA bhakSya hai, mujhe dIjie / " megharatha-----yaha merI zaraNa AyA hai, tumheM kaise mila sakatA hai ? bAz2a-yadi Apa ise na deMge to bubhukSita avasthA meM, Apa hI kahie, maiM kisakI zaraNa jAU~ ? megharatha--jaisA jIvana tujhe priya hai, vaisA samasta jIvoM ko bhI hai| bAz2a - bubhukSita avasthA meM dharmAcaraNa meM merA mana kaise laga sakatA hai ? Apa hI btaayeN| megharatha-maiM tujhe dUsare kisI kA mAMsa detA hU~, isa kabUtara ko tU chor3a de| bAja -- maiM mare hue jIva kA mAMsa bhakSaNa nahIM karatA, svayaM mArakara hI bhakSaNa karatA huuN| megharatha-yadi aisI bAta hai to jitanA vajana isa kabUtara kA hai, utanA mAMsa mare zarIra meM se le le / yaha kahakara rAjA tarAjU ke eka palar3e meM kabUtara ko baiThA, dUsare palar3e meM apanA mAMsa kATa-kATakara car3hAne lgaa|' __vairAgyapradhAna eka dRSTAnta dekhie jo mahAbhArata tathA jaina aura baudroM ke dhArmika kathAgranthoM ke alAvA vizva ke anya sAhityoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA haimadhubindu dRSTAnta deza-dezAntara meM paryaTana karane vAle kisI puruSa ne sArtha ke sAtha aTavI meM praveza kiyA / coroM ne sArtha ko lUTa liyA / apane sAthiyoM se bhraSTa hue isa puruSa para eka jaMgalI hAthI ne AkramaNa kiyaa| hAthI ke Dara se bhAgate hue use vasudevahiMDI, pR. 337 / paMcataMtra (kAkolUkIya) meM yaha kahAnI padyarUpa meM dI huI hai / yahA~ koI zikArI kabUtarI ko apane jAla meM pakar3a letA hai / mUsalAdhAra varSA hone lagatI hai| zikArI sardI se ThiThuratA huA eka vRkSa ke nIce jAkara khar3A ho jAtA hai| usa vRkSa para rahane vAlA kabUtara apanI kabUtarI ke viyoga se atyaMta dukhI thaa| zikArI ke pijar3e meM baMda kabUtarI ne zikArI ko atithi samajha usakA satkAra karane kA anurodha kiyA / isapara kabUtara ne agni meM praveza kara apane zarIra kA mA~sa zikArI ko samarpita kiyaa| yaha kathA mahAbhArata (zAMtiparva 143-49), sivijAtaka, kathAsaritsAgara (1. 7. 88-107) tathA pUrNabhadrasUri ke paMcAkhyAna meM bhI milatI hai|

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tRNa aura DAbha se AcchAdita eka jIrNa kUpa dikhAyI diyA / isa kUpa ke taTa para eka mahAn vaTa kA vRkSa khar3A thaa| vRkSa kI zAkhAeM kUpa meM laTaka rahI thiiN| Dara ke mAre vaha puruSa vRkSa kI zAkhAeM pakar3akara kUpa meM laTaka gayA / usane nIce kI ora dekhA to jAna par3A ki eka mahAkAya ajagara apanA muMha bAye use nigala jAne ke lie taiyAra thA / cAroM dizAoM meM cAra bhISaNa sarpa phukAra mAra rahe the / zAkhAoM ke Upara kRSNa aura zukla do cUhe baiThe hue zAkhAoM ko kutara rahe the / hAthI apanI sUMDa ko usake kezoM para bAra-bAra ghumA rahA thA / vRkSa para eka madhumakkhI kA bar3A chattA lagA huA thaa| vRkSa ke hilane para pavana se caMcala hue madhu kI bUMdeM usake mu~ha meM TapakatI thiiN| ina bUMdoM kA AsvAda kSaNabhara ke lie use tRpta kara detA thA / madhumakkhiyAM usake cAroM ora bhinabhinA rahI thiiN| isa dRSTAMta meM puruSa ko saMsArI jIva, aTavI ko janma-jarA-roga aura maraNa se vyApta saMsAra, vanahastI ko mRtyu, kUpa ko deva aura manuSya yoni, ajagara ko naraka aura tiryaMca gati, cAra sau ko durgati meM le jAne vAlI krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha cAra kaSAe~, vaTa vRkSa kI zAkhA ko jIvanakAla, kRSNa aura zukla mUSaka ko rAtri aura divasa rUpI apane dA~toM se jIvana ko kutarane vAle kRSNa aura zukla pakSa, vRkSa ko karmabandha ke kAraNarUpa avirati aura mithyAtva, madhuko zabda-sparza-rasa-rUpa-gaMdha rUpa iMdriyoM ke viSaya, aura madhumakkhI ko zarIra se utpanna vyAdhi pratipAdita kiyA hai| bhalA isa prakAra bhaya se vyAkula puruSa ko sukha kI prApti kahA~ se ho sakatI hai ? madhubindu ke rasa kA AsvAdana kevala sukha kI kalpanA mAtra hai|' isI prakAra kA eka anya AkhyAna dekhiekuDaMga dvIpa ke tIna mArgabhraSTa vyApArI __ pATaliputra ke dhana nAmaka vaNik ne vyApAra ke lie prasthAna kiyA / mArga meM unakA jahAja phaTa gayA / eka paTTa kI sahAyatA se vaha kuDaMga dvIpa nAmaka vasudevahiDI, pR. 8 / samarAickahA, bhava 2, pR0 134-139 meM yaha dRSTAMta kiMcita parivartana ke sAtha kucha vistAra se milatA hai| amitagati kI dharmaparIkSA aura hemacandrAcArya ke pariziSTaparva (2.1) meM bhI upalabdha hai| mahAbhArata (strIparva 2-7) ke dhRtarASTrazokApanodana adhyayana meM, dhRtarASTra ke putroM kI mRtyu ho jAne para vidura use sAntvanA dete hue saMsArajanya dukhoM kA varNana karatA hai| mRtyu evaM bhAgya kI balavattA kA paricaya dete hae yahA~ madhubindu dRSTAMta kA Azraya liyA gayA hai / bauddhoM ke avadAna sAhitya meM bhI yahI dRSTAnta pAyA jAtA hai| islAma, yahUdI aura IsAiyoM ke graMthoM meM bhI isa dRSTAnta kA uyoga kiyA gayA hai| viNTaranitsa ne ise prAcIna bhAratIya zramaNa kAvya kI upaja kahA hai / dekhie. eseTika liTarecara ina eMziyeMTa iMDiyA pR0 28 -30 /

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dvIpa meM pahu~cA / kSudhA aura tRSA se vyAkula huA jaba vaha idhara-udhara paribhramaNa kara rahA thA to use eka puruSa milaa| vaha bhI jahAja phaTane ke kAraNa vahA~ Akara utarA thaa| donoM bhojana-pAnI kI khoja meM ghUmane lage / itane meM vahA~ eka aura AdamI dikhAI diyA / usakI bhI yahI dazA thii| tInoM meM mitratA ho gyii| unhoMne eka U~ce vRkSa para vRkSa kI chAla kI dhvajA banAkara laTakA dii| yaha dhvajA yAtriyoM ke jahAja phaTa jAne kA cihna thaa| isakA matalaba thA ki yadi koI potavaNik usa mArga se gujare to usa dvIpavAsI mArgabhraSTa puruSoM ko vahA~ se nikAlakara le jAne meM sahAyatA kare / ' tInoM puruSa bhojana kI khoja karate-karate idhara-udhara ghUmate-phirate rahe, lekina koI phalavAlA vRkSa unheM dikhAyI na diyA / kucha samaya bAda unheM ghara ke AkAra ke bane hue tIna kuNDa dikhAyI pdd'e| pratyeka kuNDa meM kAkoduMbarI kA eka-eka vRkSa lagA huA thaa| tInoM ne una kuNDoM ko bAMTa liyA / lekina ina vRkSoM para phala nahIM the| kucha samaya bAda unapara kacce aura karkaza phala lage / pakSiyoM se una vRkSoM kI ve rakhavAlI karane lge| isa bIca meM kisI potavaNik ne vRkSa para lagI huI dhvajA ko dekhA aura apane nAvikoM ko kuDaMga dvIpavAsI una puruSoM ko lAne ke lie bhejaa| pahale puruSa ne uttara diyA-yahA~ hameM dakha hI kaunasA hai ? yaha dekho hamArA ghara / hamAre vRkSa para phala laga gaye haiN| bhaviSya meM bhI isapara phala lagA kareMge / varSA Rtu meM hameM bhojana-pAna kA koI kaSTa na hogA / ataeva yahA~ se jAne kI icchA merI nahIM hai| dUsare puruSa ne bhI vahA~ se jAne kI anicchA vyakta kI / usane kahA kucha samaya bAda vaha cala sakatA hai| tIsare puruSa ne AgantukoM kA svAgata kiyaa| vaha unake jahAja para savAra ho, ghara pahu~ca apane sage-saMbaMdhiyoM se jA milaa| . 1. budhasvAmI ke bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha (18. 315-16) meM bhinna pota hone para, nAvikoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa karane ke lie vRkSa para dhvajA lagAne aura agni jalAne kA ullekha hai| kuvalayamAlA, 166, pR0 89 / isa AkhyAna dvArA yahA~ tIna prakAra ke jIvoM kI ora lakSya kiyA gayA hai-abhavya, kAlabhavya aura ttkssnnbhvy| ye tInoM saMyogavaza manuSyajanma rUpI eka dvIpa meM pahu~ca gaye / yahA~ rahane ke lie unheM ghara mila gayA jisameM kAkoduMbarI rUpI striyoM kA nivAsa thaa| dharmopadezakoM ke rUpa meM Aye hue nAvika unakI rakSA karanA cAhate haiN| pahalA puruSa jAne kI anicchA vyakta karatA hai| dUsarA kahatA hai ki kucha samaya bAda vaha calegA / tIsarA phaurana unake sAtha calane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai / anyatra (pR. 45-80) krodha, mAna,mAyA, lobha aura moha-ina pA~ca mahAmalloM ke udAharaNa svarUpa krodha ke AkhyAna meM caMDasoma, mAna ke AkhyAna meM mAnabhaTa, mAyA ke AkhyAna meM mAyAditya, lobha ke AkhyAna meM lobhadeva aura moha ke AkhyAna meM mohadatta kI kathAe~ dI gayI haiN| pAtroM ke nAma dhyAna dene yogya haiN|

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isa prakAra ke saikar3oM AkhyAna prAkRta jaina kathAgraMthoM meM milate haiM jinakA upayoga jainadharma ke upadeza ke lie kiyA jAtA thaa| vairAgyotpAdaka laghu AkhyAna eka AkhyAna-hAthI para savAra ho zatru para AkramaNa karane jAte samaya rAjA siMharAja ne dekhA ki eka mahAkAya sarpa ne meMDhaka ko pakar3a rakkhA hai, kurala pakSI sarpa ko pakar3akara khIMca rahA hai aura kurala ko eka ajagara ne kasakara pakar3a rakkhA hai| jaise-jaise ajagara kurala ko khIMcatA hai, vaise-vaise kurala sarpa ko, aura sapeM meMr3haka ko pakar3akara khIMcatA hai / isa hRdayadrAvaka ghaTanA ko dekhakara rAjA ke mana meM vairAgya ho AyA / ' samarAiccakahA, 2 pR. 148-9 / kuvalayamAlA (299, pR0 188-89) meM citrakalA dvArA pazu-pakSiyoM ke dRzya citrita kiye gaye haiN| siMha hAthI kA aura hAthI siMha kA vadha kara rahA hai| siMha ne mRga ko mAra diyA hai| vyAghra ne AkrandanapUrvaka vRSabha kA vadha kara diyA hai / vRSabha ne apane sIMga se vyAghra kA bhedana kara diyA / bhaisoM kA yuddha ho rahA hai| hariNa bhI paraspara yuddha kara rahe haiN| eka sarpa dUsare sarpa ko, eka matsya dUsare matsya ko aura eka magara dUsare magara ko nigale jA rahA hai| eka pakSI dUsare pakSI ko mAra rahA hai / mora sarpa ko khA rahA hai| makar3I ke jAle meM pha~sI huI makar3I ko dUsarI makar3I ne pakar3a liyA hai| bhUkhI chipakalI ne eka kIr3e ko pakar3a rakkhA hai / zyAmA ne chipakalI ko pakar3a liyA hai |yh zyAmA eka kIr3e ko cA~ca meM dabAye AkAza meM ur3a rahI thI ki ise dUsare pakSI ne pakar3a liyaa| jaba yaha pakSI jamIna para girA to ise eka jaMgalI bilAva ne pakar3a liyaa| bilAva ko jaMgalI sUara ne, sUara ko cote ne, cIte ko teMdue ne, teMdue ko vyAghra ne, vyAghra ko siMha ne aura siMha ko zarabha ne pakar3a rakkhA hai| uttarAdhyayana (25 vAM adhyayana, zAntyAcArya, bRhadvRtti) meM isI taraha kA anya AkhyAna AtA hai| jayaghoSa jaba gaGgAsnAna karane jA rahe the to unhoMne dekhA ki meMDhaka ko eka sAMpa ne Dasa rakkhA hai aura usa sAMpa ko eka mArjAra ne, tathA cIMcI karate hue meMr3haka kA sAMpa bhakSaNa kara rahA hai aura tar3aphar3Ate hue sAMpa ko mArjAra / yaha dekhakara jayaghoSa brAhmaNa ko vairAgya utpanna ho gayA aura gaMgA pAra pahu~cakara usane sAdhu ke pAsa zramaNadIkSA le lii| uttarAdhyayana niyukti (465-67) meM mArjAra ke sthAna . para kurala kA ullekha hai| - koramaMgala ke basvezvara maMdira (isa jaina maMdira kA nirmANa hoyasalarAja ballAla dvitIya ke rAjyAbhiSaka ke samaya senApati vUcirAja dvArA 1173 I. meM kiyA gayA thA) meM eka dUsare kA nAza karane vAle jAnavaroM kI yaha zRGkhalA citrita hai| yahAM guNDameruNDa zarabha ko, zarabha siMha ko, siMha hAthI ko, hAthI sarpa ko aura sarpa hariNa ko nigala rahA hai| isI zRGkhalA meM eka sAdhu kA citra hai / ema.bI. emeniyana ke anusAra, isa prakAra kI zRGgalA ke mAdhyama se dharma kI ora pravRtta karane kA ullekha sarvaprathama jaina pranthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| dekhie, jaranala Apha amerikana oriTiela sosAyaTI (65) meM 'sTaDIja ina phokaTelsa Apha iMDiyA; 3' nAmaka lekha /

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pratIkoM dvArA aTavI pAra karane kA AkhyAna eka sArthavAha ne kisI nagara meM prasthAna karate samaya ghoSaNA karAI ki jo koI usake sAtha calanA cAhe aura usake Adeza kA pAlana kare, vaha use nirvighna rUpa se aTavI se pAra karAkara iSTa sthAna para pahu~cA degA / sArthavAha kI ghoSaNA sunakara bahuta se vyApArI ekatra ho gaye / sArthavAha ne unheM mArgoM ke guNadoSa samajhAye : mArga do prakAra ke hote haiM-eka sarala, dUsarA vakra / vakra mArga dvArA sukhapUrvaka gamana kiyA jAtA hai, isameM bahuta samaya laga jAtA hai| sarala mArga se pahu~cane meM kaSTa hotA hai, isase jaldI pahu~ca jAte haiM / sarala mArga atyanta viSama aura saMkaTApanna hai| isameM do vyAghra aura siMha rahate haiN| inheM bhagA dene para phira se Akara ye rAstA roka lete haiN| yadi koI unmArga se gamana kare to use mAra DAlate haiM; jo sIdhe mArga se jAye, use kucha nahIM krte| isa mArga meM zItala chAyA vAle aneka manohara vRkSa haiN| kucha vRkSa amanohara bhI haiM, jinake phUla-patta jhar3a gaye haiN| manohara vRkSoM kI zItala chAyA ke nIce vizrAma karanA vinAza kA kAraNa hai / ataeva jinake phUla-patte jhar3a gaye haiM, una vRkSoM ke nIce thor3e samaya ke lie vizrAma karanA cAhie / mArga ke kinAre khar3e hue manohara rUpadhArI puruSa madhura vacanoM se AmaMtrita karate haiM-he yAtriyo ! Ao, isa rAste se jaao| unakI bAta para dhyAna na denA caahie| apane sAthiyoM se thor3I dera ke lie bhI alaga na honA cAhie / unake akele raha jAne para bhaya nizcita hai| mArga meM jAte hue aTavI Aga se jalatI huI dikhAI degI, sAvadhAnIpUrvaka isa Aga ko bujhA denA caahie| Aga na bujhAne se svayaM jala jAne kI AzaMkA hai| Age calakara eka durga aura U~cA parvata par3egA, use lAMgha kara cale jAnA caahie| aisA na karane se mRtyu nizcita hai| usake bAda bAMsa kA gahana jaMgala par3egA, use bhI jaldI se pAra kara lenA cAhie / vahA~ Thaharane se aneka upadravoM kI AzaMkA hai| usake bAda eka choTA-sA khaDDa par3egA / vahA~ manohara nAmaka brAhmaNa rahatA hai / vaha kahegAtuma loga isa khaDDa ko kiMcit bharakara Age bar3hanA / usakI bAta anasunI kara Age bar3ha jAnA caahie| yadi usa khaDDa ko bharane kI koziza karoge to yaha aura bar3A ho jAyegA, aura tuma mArga se bhraSTa ho jaaoge| Age calakara sundara kiMpAka phala dikhAyI deNge| unakI ora na dekhanA cAhie aura na inheM cakhanA hI cAhie / aneka prakAra ke pizAca pratyeka kSaNa yahA~ upadrava karate haiM, unakI paravA

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na karanI caahie| bhojana-pAna yahAM bahuta thor3A milegA aura jo milegA, vaha atyanta nIrasa hogaa| usase dukhI na honA cAhie / sadA Age baDhate jAnA cAhie / rAta meM bhI do yAma niyama se calanA caahie| isa prakAra gamana karane se zIghra hI aTavI ko pAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura ekAnta durgati se rahita nirvRttipura (mokSa) meM pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| vahA~ kisI prakAra kA kleza aura upadrava nahIM hai| yahA~ sArthavAha ko arhanta, usakI ghoSaNA ko dharmakathA, sArtha ko nirvRttipura ke lie prasthAna karane vAle jIva, aTavI ko saMsAra, sarala mArga ko sAdhu dharma, vakra mArga ko zrAvaka dharma, vyAghra-siMha ko rAga-dveSa, manohara vRkSoM kI chAyA ko strI-pazu Adi se yukta vasati, amanohara vRkSoM ko nirdoSa vasati, mArga para khar3e hue puruSoM ko paralokaviruddha upadeSTA, acche sArtha ko zIladhArI zramaNa, jaMgala kI agni ko krodha, parvata ko mAna, bAMsa ke jaMgala ko mAyA, khaDDa ko lobha, manohara brAhmaNa ko icchAvizeSa, khaDDa ke kiMcit bharane ko aparyavasAna-gamana, kiMpAka phaloM ko zabda Adi viSaya, pizAcoM ko parISaha, nIrasa bhojana ko nirdoSa bhikSAvRtti, prayANa na karane ko sadA apramAda, aura do yAma gamana karane ko svAdhyAya batAyA gayA hai / isa prakAra saMsAra-aTavI ko lAMghakara mokSapurI meM pahu~cA jA sakatA hai|' pazikhA para girane vAlA patiMgA rAjA ratnamukuTa apane vAsagRha meM akelA baiThA huA dIvaTa kI dIpazikhA kI ora dekha rahA thA / itane meM eka patiMgA Akara dIpazikhA para giraa| rAjA ne anukaMpA bhAva se use pakar3a daravAje ke bAhara chor3a diyaa| vaha phira se A gayA / usane phira pakar3a liyA aura phira se bAhara chor3a diyaa| isa taraha kaI bAra huA / rAjA socane lagA-loga kahate haiM, 'upAya dvArA rakSita puruSa sau varSa taka jovita rahatA hai', aba dekhanA hai ki upAya dvArA jIva kI mRtyu se rakSA bhI kI jA sakatI hai yA nhiiN| yaha socakara usane phira se patiMge ko pakar3a leyaa| aba kI bAra use eka saMdUkacI meM banda kara apane sirahAne rakha kara so vahI 5, pR0 476-80; AvazyakacUrNI, pR. 509-10 meM bhI yaha dRSTAMta AtA hai| Avazyakaniyukti (899-900) meM kahA hai-'jaise sArthavAha ke upadeza se vighnoM se pUrNa aTavI ko lAMghakara iSTa sthAna ko prApta kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jIva jina bhagavAn ke upadeza se nirvANa ko prApta karate haiN|

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gyaa| thor3I dera bAda sandUkacI ko kholakara dekhA to vahA~ eka chipakalI dikhAI par3I / usane cAroM tarapha najara daur3AI, lekina patiMgA kahIM dikhAyI na diyaa| rAjA ne socA ki avazya hI yaha chipakalI use caTa kara gayI hogI ! _usake mana meM vicAra AyA ki karma kA bhoga bhoge sivAya chuTakArA nhiiN| vaidya loga auSadhi, maMtra-taMtra aura yogavidyA dvArA rogI kI cikitsA kara use acchA kara dete haiM, kintu pUrvajanma kRta karmoM se jIva kI rakSA karane meM ve asamartha haiN|' dhAnya kA dRSTAnta manuSya janma kI durlabhatA kA pratipAdana karane ke lie dhAnya ke dRSTAMta dvArA batAyA gayA hai ki yadi samasta bharata kSetra ke dhAnyoM ko ekatra kara unameM eka prastha sarasoM milA dI jAye to jaise kisI durbala aura rogI vRddhA ke lie usa sarasoM ko samasta dhAnyoM se pRthak karanA atyaMta kaThina hai, vaise hI aneka yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karate hue jIva ko manuSya janma kI prApti durlabha hai| jhuMTaNaka pazu kA dRSTAnta ___ koI zreSThiputra dhana-sampati ke naSTa ho jAne se daridra ho gyaa| usakI patnI ne usake mAyake jAkara jhuMTaNaka pazu lAne ko kahA jisase ki usake romoM se ve kImatI kaMbala taiyAra kara AjIvikA calA sakeM / lekina patnI kA kahanA thA ki rAta-dina tumheM usa pazu ke sAtha hI rahanA par3egA, nahIM to vaha mara jaayegaa| patnI ke kahane para vaha apanI sasurAla se jhuTaNaka ko le aayaa| use eka bagIce meM chor3akara vaha apanI patnI se milane A gayA / patnI ne pUchA-jhuMTaNaka kahA~ hai ? usane uttara diyA-bagIce meM / yaha sunakara usakI patnI ne sira dhuna liyaa| isa dRSTAMta se yahA~ lakSya kiyA hai ki jaise zreSThIputra apanI patnI ke utsAhapUrNa vacana sunakara apanI sasurAla meM se jhuMTaNaka pazu ko lAtA hai, usI prakAra saMsArI jIva guru ke vacanoM se dharma ko prApta karatA hai| lekina jaise zreSThIputra lokopa1. kuvalayamAlA, 230, pR0 140 2. upadezapada, gAthA 8, pR0 22 / Avazyakaniyukti (833) meM manuSya janma kI durlabhatA kA pratipAdana karane ke lie collaka, pAzaka, dhAnya, dyUta, ratna, svapna, cakra, carma, yuga aura paramANu-ye dasa dRSTAnta diye gaye haiM / hariSeNa ke vRhatkathAkoza (35-40) meM bhI katipaya dRSTAnta pAye jAte haiN| |

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104 hAsa ke kAraNa pazu ko prApta karake bhI chor3a detA hai / usI prakAra saMsArI jIva dIrgha saMsArI hone se ajJAna ke kAraNa dharma ko choDa detA hai| Agama sAhitya meM dRSTAMtoM dvArA dharmopadeza AgamakAlIna kathA-sAhitya meM jJAtRdharmakathAsUtra kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai / aMDaka nAmaka adhyayana meM yahA~ mayUrI ke aMDoM ke dRSTAMta dvArA, tathA kUrma nAmaka adhyayana meM apane aMgoM kI rakSA karane vAle kachuoM ke dRSTAMta dvArA saMyama kI rakSA kA upadeza diyA hai / rohiNI nAmaka adhyayana meM dhanya sArthavAha kI patohU rohiNI ke dRSTAMta dvArA apane AcaraNa meM sadA jAgaruka aura udyama zIla rahane kA upadeza hai|' nauveM adhyayana meM jinapAlita aura jinarakSita nAma ke mAkaMdIputroM ke mAdhyama se pralobhanoM para vijaya prApta kara saMyama meM dRr3ha rahane kA upadeza hai anyatra dAvaddava nAmaka vRkSa, parikhA kA jala, meMr3haka, naMdIphala vRkSa, kAliya dvIpavAsI azva Adi dRSTAMtoM dvArA dharmakathA kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / kAliyadvIpa azvoM ke saMbaMdha meM kathana hai ki sAdhu svacchanda vihArI azvoM ki bhA~ti AcaraNa karate haiM, zabda Adi viSayoM se AkRSTa hokara pAzabaMdhana meM ve nahIM pdd'te| sUtrakRtAMga meM kamaloM se acchAdita suMdara puSkariNI ke dRSTAMta dvArA dharmoMpadeza diyA hai / cAra puruSa cAroM dizAoM se kamala ko tor3ane Ate haiM, lekina saphala nahIM hote / isa samaya taTavartI eka muni isa kamala ko tor3a letA hai / yahA~ puSkariNI ko saMsAra, kamala ko rAjA, cAra puruSoM ko cAra paramatAvalaMbI sAdhu tathA taTavartI muni ko jaina sAdhu batAyA hai / vipAkasUtra nAmaka bArahaveM aMga meM karmoM ke vipAka saMbaMdhI kathAe~ dI huI haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke vinaya adhyayana meM batAyA hai ki jaise mariyala ghor3e ko bAra-bAra kor3e lagAne kI jarUrata hotI hai, vaise hI mumukSu ko punaH punaH guru ke upadeza kI apekSA nahIM karanI caahie| aurabhrIya adhyayana meM kahA hai ki jaise khUba khilA-pilAkara puSTa kiye gaye meMr3he kA atithi ke Ane para vadha 1. upadezapada, bhAga2. gAthA551, pR. 272a / 2. dekhie, 'do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAniyA~' meM 'cAvala ke pAMca dAne' khaanii| sarvAstivAda ke vinayavastu (pR0 62) tathA bAibila (seMTa methyU kI vArtA 25, seMTa lyUka kI suvArtA 19) meM yaha kahAnI kucha rUpAntara ke sAtha upalabdha hai| 3. dekhie, 'do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAniyA~' meM 'pralobhanoM ko jIto' nAmaka khaanii|

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105 kara diyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra viSaya-bhogoM meM racA-pacA manuSya maraNasamaya Ane para zoka kA bhAgI hotA hai| drumapatra ke dRSTAMta dvArA manuSya jIvana kI asAratA vyakta karate hue kSaNabhara ke lie bhI pramAda na karane kA upadeza hai| sar3iyala baila ke dRSTAnta dvArA batAyA hai ki jo dazA sar3iyala bailoM ko gAr3I meM jotane se hotI hai, vahI dazA dharmapAlana ke samaya kuziSyoM kI hotI hai| prAkRta kathAoM kI dRSTi se AgamoM para likhA huA niyukti, bhASya, cUrNI aura TIkA sAhitya bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / niyuktiyoM ke racayitA bhadrabAhu, nizItha, kalpa aura vyavahAra bhASya ke praNetA saMghadAsagaNi, cUrNiyoM ke kartA jinadAsagaNi mahattara tathA TIkAkAra haribhadrasUri, malayagiri, zAMticandrasUri, devendragaNi (nemicandrasUri) ke nAma yahA~ ullekhanIya haiN| isa sAhitya meM bharata, sagara, rAma, kRSNa, dvIpAyanaRSi, dvArakAdahana, gaGgA kI utpatti Adi aneka paurANika AkhyAnoM kA varNana hai| Agamottara kathA sAhitya meM dharmakathAe~ Agamottara kAlIna kathAgranthoM meM vasudevahiMDI ke antargata iMdriyaviSayaprasakti meM vAnara', garbhAvAsa kI duHkha prApti meM lalitAMga", svakRta karmavipAka meM koMkaNa brAhmaNa", svacchandatA meM ripudamana narapati, paralokapratyaya aura dharmaphalapratyaya meM rAjakumArI sumitrA', paradAradoSa meM vidyAdhara vAsava tathA paMcANuvrata Adi saMbaMdhI AkhyAna ullekhanIya haiN| ___ haribhadrasUri kI dharmakathA samarAiccakahA meM nidAna kI mukhyatA batAyI gayI hai| agnizarmA purohita rAjA guNasena dvArA apamAnita kiye jAne para nidAna bAMdhatA hai ki yadi usake tapa meM koI zakti ho to vaha AgAmI bhava meM guNasena kA zatru banakara usase badalA le| pariNAmasvarUpa agnizarmA eka nahIM, nau bhavoM meM guNasena se baira kA badalA letA hai| donoM ke pUrvajanmoM kI kathAe~ yahA~ varNita haiN| mUlakathA ke antargata aneka antarkathAe~ aura upakathAe~ haiM jinameM nirveda, vairAgya, saMsAra kI asAratA, karmoM kI vicitra pariNati, mana kI vicitratA, lobha kA pariNAma, 1. vasudevahiMDI, pR. 6 4. vahI, pR0 61 2. vahI, pR0 9 5. vahI, pR. 115 3. vahI, pR. 29 6. vahI, pR0 292 7 vasudevahiMDI, pR0 294-90 14

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mAyA-moha, zramaNatva kI mukhyatA Adi viSaya pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM / pUrvakRta karmadoSa ke saMbaMdha meM ukti hai-manuSya ko pUrvakRta karmoM kA hI phala milatA hai / aparAdhoM athavA guNoM meM dUsarA vyakti kevala nimitta mAtra hotA hai|' ___ kuvalayamAlA meM manonukUla dharmakathAe~ ullikhita haiN| kuvalayamAlA aura kuvalayacandra kI kathA ke mAdhyama se yahA~ saMsAra kA svarUpa, cAra gatiyA~, jAtismaraNa, pUrvakRta karma, cAra kaSAya, pApa kA pazcAttApa, dhanatRSNA, jinamArga kI durlabhatA, pratimApUjana, paMca namaskAra maMtra, tIrthakara dharma, saMsAracakra, mokSa kA zAzvata sukha, samyaktva, vrata, dvAdaza bhAvanAe~, lezyA, vItarAga kI bhakti Adi kA sodAharaNa varNana hai| kathAkAra ne alaMkAroM se vibhUSita, suMdara, lalita padAvali se sampanna, mRdu evaM maMjula saMlApoM se yukta, sahRdaya janoM ko Ananda pradAna karane vAlI kathAoM kA yahA~ samAveza kiyA hai| jinezvarasUri ke kahANayakosa (kathAkoSaprakaraNa) meM jinapUjA, sAdhudAna, jainadharma meM utsAha Adi, NANapaMcamIkahA (jJAnapaMcamIkathA) meM jJAnapaMcamIvrata kA mAhAtmya, kathAmaNikoSa (AkhyAnamaNikoSa) meM samyaktva, jinabiMbadarzana, jinapUjA, jinavaMdana, sAdhuvaMdana, jinAgamazravaNa, svAdhyAya, rAtribhojanatyAga, jIvadayA Adi, guNacandragaNi ke kahArayaNakosa (kathAratnakoSa) meM nAgadatta, zaMkha, rudrasUri Adi apUrva kathAnakoM meM lokavyavahAra saMbaMdhI vividha viSaya, kAlikAyariyakahANaya (kAlikAcAryakathAnaka) meM yuga pravartaka kAlikAcArya kI kathA, nammayAsuMdarIkahA (narmadAsuMdarIkathA) meM mahAsatI narmadAsuMdarI kA AkhyAna, kumArapAla pratibodha meM ahiMsA Adi dvAdaza vrata, devapUjA, gurusevA, zIlasaMrakSaNa Adi, aura prAkRtakathAsaMgraha meM dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAvanA, samyaktva, navakAra maMtra, saMsAra kI anityatA Adi se saMbandha rakhane vAlI kathA-kahAniyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prAkRtakathAsaMgraha meM karma kI pradhAnatA batAte hue kahA hai--"athavA kisI ko kabhI bhI doSa na denA cAhie; sukha aura dukha pUrvopArjita karmoM kA hI phala hai|" sirivAlakahA (zrI 1. sambo puvvakayANaM kammANa pAvae phalavivAgaM / avarAhesu guNesu ya nimittamattaM paro hoi // -bhava 2, pR0 160 2. ahavA na dAyavvo doso kassavi keNa vddyaavi| puvajjiyakammAo havaMti je sukkha dukkhAiM // -prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 476

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107 pAlakathA) meM siddhacakra ke mAhAtmya se zrIpAla kA kor3ha naSTa hone, tathA rayaNaseharIkahA (ratnazekharIkathA) meM jainadharma ke prabhAva se rAjA ratnazekhara ke vijaya prApta karane kI kathA varNita hai| inake atirikta, pUjASTakakathA, suvratakathA, maunaekAdazIkathA, aMjanAsuMdarIkathA, anantakIrti kathA, sahasramallacaurakathA, harizcandrakathAnaka Adi kathAgranthoM ke nAma liye jA sakate haiM / aupadezika kathA-sAhitya Age calakara dharmadezanA jaina kathA sAhitya kA eka pramukha aMga bana gyaa| yahA~ saMyama, zIla, tapa, tyAga aura vairAgya Adi kI bhAvanAoM ko pramukha batAyA gyaa| phalasvarUpa prAkRta meM dharmadAsa kI upadezamAlA, haribhadrasUri kA upadezapada, jayasiMhasUri kA dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa, maladhArI hemacandrasUri kA bhavabhAvanA aura upadezamAlAprakaraNa (puSpamAlAprakaraNa), vardhamAnasUri kA dharmopadezamAlA-prakaraNa, jayakIrti kA zIlopadezamAlA, munisuMdara kA upadezaratnAkara, zAMtisUri kA dharmaratna, AsaDa kA upadezakaMdali aura vivekamaMjarIprakaraNa, jinacandrasUri kA saMvegaraMgazAlA, Adi aneka kathA-granthoM kI racanA kI gyii| zAMta rasapradhAna saMvegaraMgazAlA meM saMvega kI pradhAnatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai jaise-jaise bhavyajanoM ke lie saMvegarasa kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise unakA hRdaya dravita ho jAtA hai- jisa prakAra miTTI ke bane hue kacce ghar3e para jala chir3akane se vaha TUTa jAtA hai| cirakAla taka yadi tapa kA AcaraNa kiyA ho, cAritra kA pAlana kiyA ho, zAstroM kA svAdhyAya kiyA ho, lekina yadi saMvega rasa kA paripAka nahIM huA to saba dhAna ke tuSa kI bhA~ti nissAra hai|' carita-graMthoM meM kathAe~ prAkRta meM carita-graMthoM kI bhI racanA kI gyii| taresaTha zalAkApuruSoM ke caritoM meM 24 tIrthaGkaroM, 12 cakravartiyoM, 9 vAsudevoM, 9 baladevoM, aura 9 prativAsudevoM ke carita likhe gaye / kalpasUtra meM RSabha, ariSTanemi, pArzva aura mahA1. dekhie, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 490-524 2. jaha jaha saMvegaraso vaNijjai taha taheva bhavvANaM / bhijjati, khittajalamimmayAmakuMbha vva hiyayAI // suciraM vi tavo ciNNaM caraNaM suyaM pi bahupaDhiyaM / jai no saMvegaraso tA taM tusakhaMDaNaM savvaM //

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108 vIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke caritoM kA varNana kiyA gayA / vasudevahiMDI meM RSabha Adi tIrthakaroM evaM bharata Adi cakravartiyoM ke carita aura unake pUrvabhavoM ke AkhyAna diye gaye / ' zIlAMkAcArya ne caupannamahApurisacariya meM cauvana zalAkApuruSoM kA jIvanacarita lipibaddha kiyA / vimalasUri ke paumacariya meM jaina rAmAyaNa aura harivaMsacariya (anupalabdha) meM kRSNa kI kathA varNita kI gyii| udyotanasUri ne amRtamaya, sarasa evaM spaSTArtha kI dyotaka vimalasUri kI prAkRta bhASA ko prazaMsanIya kahA hai| svataMtra rUpa se bhI carita graMthoM kI racanA huI / guNapAla munikRta jambUcarita , guNacandragaNikRta pArzvanAthacarita aura mahAvIracarita, lakSmaNagaNikRta supArzvanAthacarita, mAnatuMgasUrikRta jayaMtIcarita, deveMdrasUrikRta kRSNacarita, jinamANikyakRta kummAputtacariya, hemacandra AcArya ke guru devacandrasUrikRta saMtinAhacariya (zAMtinAthacarita), maladhAri hemacandrakRta neminAhacariya (neminAthacarita), somaprabhasUrikRta sumatinAthacarita, candraprabhamahattarakRta vijayacandakevalIcariya, vardhamAnasUrikRta manoramAcariya, zAMtisUrikRta puhavIcandacariya, Adi kA nAmollekha kiyA jA sakatA hai / zalAkA puruSoM ke sAtha-sAtha jainadharma ke unnAyaka prabhava, jaMbU, zayyaMbhava, bhadrabAhu, sthUlabhadra, mahAgiri, suhasti, pAdalipta, kAlika, vajrasvAmI, AryarakSita, hemacandra Adi AcAryoM tathA rAjImatI, candanabAlA, taraMgavatI, narmadAsundarI, subhadrA Adi AryikAoM ke carita mukhya haiM / paurANika AkhyAnoM meM buddhigamya tattva jaina AcAryoM kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki unhoMne apane siddhAMtoM ke pracAra ke lie kevala janasAmAnya kI bolI prAkRta ko hI nahIM apanAyA, api tu paurANika AkhyAnoM kI zraddhAgamya alaukikatA ke sthAna para yuktiyukta buddhigamya tattvoM ko bhI pratiSThita kiyA / rAma aura kRSNa ke lokottara caritoM kA praNayana karate samaya jaina vidvAnoM kA yahI dRSTikoNa rahA / rAmacarita likhate samaya vAlmIki kI rAmAyaNa kA anukaraNa unhoMne nahIM kiyA / ghoSita kiyA gayA ki vAlmIkirAmAyaNa virodhI aura avizvasanIya bAtoM se bharI hai / yahA~ rAvaNa Adi ko rAkSasa aura mAMsabhakSI ke 1. AvazyakacUrNI meM mahAbIra ke aura hemacandrIya pariziSTa parva ke prathama sarga meM jambUsvAmI ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai|

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rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| kuMbhakarNa ke viSaya meM ullekha hai ki vaha chaha mAsa taka sotA thA aura bhUkha lagane para hAthI bhaiMsa Adi ko caTakara jAtA thA / indra ko parAjita kara rAvaNa use zrRMkhalA meM bAMdhakara laMkA meM lAyA thA / jaina vidvAnoM ne isa prakAra kI ghaTanAoM ko buddhi dvArA agrAhya batAkara asaMbhava ghoSita kiyA / ' ___haribhadrasUri kA dhUrtAkhyAna bhI mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa aura purANoM kI atiraMjita kathAoM para vyaMgyasvarUpa likhA gayA hai| mUlazrI (mUladeva), kaMDarIka, elASAr3ha, zaza aura khaMDapANA nAmaka pAMca dhUrtaziromaNi ujjainI ke udyAna meM baiThe gapazapa kara rahe haiM / pAMcoM meM zarta lagI ki saba apane-apane anubhava sunAyeM aura jo ina anubhavoM para vizvAsa na kare, vaha sabako bhojana de, tathA jo apane kathana ko rAmAyaNa, aura purANoM ke kathana se pramANita kara de, vaha dhUrtI kA ziromaNi mAnA jAye / sabhI ne apane-apane AkhyAna sunAye, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura purANoM ke pramANa dekara siddha kiyA / khaNDapANA ne apanI caturAI se eka seTha se ratnajaTita mudrikA prApta kI aura use becakara sabako bhojana khilaayaa| pravacana-uDDAha hone para usakI rakSA karane ke lie hiMguziva nAma kI eka kathA dekhie kisI nagara meM koI mAlI bagIce meM se puSpa tor3a kara unheM becane ke lie mArga para baiTha gayA / itane meM use TaTTI kI hAjata huI / usane jaldI-jaldI TaTTI phirakara use puSpoM ke Dhera se DhaMka diyaa| logoM ne pUchA-yahA~ puSpa kyoM DAla rakkhe haiM / mAlI ne uttara diyA-mujhe preta-bAdhA ho gaI hai / hiMguziva kI manautI karane ke lie use puSpa car3hAye haiN| Azcarya nahIM ki jaba brAhmaNoM kI atiraJjita kalpanAoM se pUrNa paurANika kathAoM se pAThakoM kA mana Uba rahA thA, paurANika AkhyAnoM ko buddhigamya banA1. dekhie, vimalamUri, paumacariya kI prstaavnaa| nizIthabhASya (294-96) aura cUrNI kI pIThikA meM sasa, elAsADha, mUladeva aura khaMDA nAma ke cAra dhUrtI kI kathA dI hai / haribhadrasUri ne isI ko dhUrtAkhyAna meM vikasita kiyA / 3. dazavaikAlikacUrNI, pR0 47 / DhoMDha zivA ke kathAnaka ke lie dekhie, Avazyaka cUrNI, pR. 312; bRhatkalpabhASya 5, 5928 /

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kara jaina vidvAnoM ne kathA-sAhitya ko eka nayA mor3a diyA / ' IsavI san kI lagabhaga pahalI-dUsarI zatAbdI se hI prAkRta meM kathA-sAhitya kI racanA AraMbha ho gayI thii| pAdalipta kI taraMgavatI, malayavatI, magadhasenA, aura saMghadAsagaNivAcakaviracita vasudevahiMDI, dhUrtAkhyAna Adi kathAgranthoM kA pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM race gaye chedasUtroM ke bhASyoM meM ullekha milatA hai| udyotanasUri kI kuvalayamAlA (779 I0) kI prastAvanA meM pAdalipta, zAlavAhana, guNADhya, vimalAMka, devagupta, harivarSa, jaTila, raviSeNa, aura haribhadra Adi ke nAmoM ke sAtha unakI racanAoM kA bhI ullekha hai / inameM pAdalipta kI taraGgavaIkahA, guNADya kI bRhatkathA, vimalAMka kA harivaMza, devagupta kA tripuruSacarita, harivarSa kI sulocanA Adi racanAe~ anupabdha haiN| kintu saMghadAsagaNivAcaka kA vasudevahiMDI (prathama khaNDa), dharmasena mahattara kA vasudevahiMDI (madhyama khaNDa), vimalAMka kA paumacariya, haribhadrasUri kI samarAiccakahA, zIlAMka kA cauppannamahApurisacariya, bhadrezvara kI kahAvalI jaisI prAkRta kI prAcIna mahattvapUrNa kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| upadezapada, upadezamAlA, dharmopadezamAlA Adi aupadezika sAhitya bhI isameM jor3A jA sakatA hai / ina sabakI racanA IsavI san kI dasavIM zatAbdI taka meM ho cukI thii| tatpazcAt 11-12 vIM zatAbdI meM gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke zvetAMbara AcAryoM ke hAthoM prAkRta kathA-sAhitya unnati ke carama zikhara para pahu~ca gayA / isa samaya gujarAta meM cAlukya, mAlavA meM paramAra tathA rAjasthAna meM guhilota aura cAhamAna rAjAoM ne jainadharma ko prazraya diyA jisase rAjadarabAroM meM jaina mahAmAtyoM, daNDanAyakoM, senApatiyoM, aura zreSThiyoM kA prabhAva bar3hA aura ye pradeza jaina vidvAnoM kI pravRtti ke kendra bana gaye / isake phalasvarUpa kahANayakosa, NANapaMcamIkahA, kathAmaNikoSa, kahArayaNakosa, kAlikAyAriya kahANaya, nammayAsundarIkahA, kumAravAlapar3iboha, prAkRtakathAsaMgraha, jinadattAkhyAna, sirivAlakahA, rayaNaseharIkahA, mahIvAlakahA Adi saikar3oM prAkRta kathA granthoM kI racanA kI gyii| 1. prabaMdhaciMtAmaNikAra ne lakSya kiyA hai bhRzaM zrutatvAnna kathAH purANAH / prINanti cetAMsi tathA budhAnAm // -paurANika kathAoM ke bAra-bAra zravaNa karane se paMDitajanoM kA citta prasanna nahIM hotaa| 2. DaoN. harTala ke anusAra, madhyakAla se lagAkara Ajataka jaina vidvAn hI mukhya kathAkAra rahe haiM / isa vizAla kathA sAhitya meM jo sAmagrI sannihita hai, vaha loka vArtA ke adhyetA vidyArthiyoM ke liye atyaMta upayogI hai| vahI, pR0 11 /

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7 kAvya ke vividha rUpoM kA prayoga ina vidvAnoM ne paramparAgata jainakathA - sAhitya ko apanI kRtiyoM kA AdhAra banAyA / saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne guru paramparAgata racanAoM ke AdhAra para likhita vasudevahiMDI meM viSNukumAracarita ke prasaMga meM viSNugItikA kI utpatti batAyI hai / ' haribhadrasUri ne samarAiccakahA meM praznottarapaddhati evaM samasyApUrti kA prayoga kiyA hai / 1. 2. 3. yaha sAdhuoM ke guNakIrtana karate samaya gAyI gayI hai uvasama sAhuvariyA ! na hu kovo vaNio jiNidehiM / huti hu kovaNasolyA, pAvaMti bahUNi jAiyavvAI // - he sAdhuzreSTha ! zAMta hoo ! jinendra bhagavAn ne bhI kopa ko uttama nahIM kahA / jo kopazIla hote haiM, ve saMsArabhramaNa ko prApta hote haiM / pR0 eka anya gIta dekhie- 131 aDa niyaMThA suraThaM paviTThA, kaviTThassa heTThA aha sanniviTThA / paDiyaM kavi bhiNNaM ca sIsaM, anvo ! avvo ! vAharaMti hasaMti sIsA // - ATha nirgrathoM ne saurASTra meM praveza kiyA / kaitha ke vRkSa ke nIce ve baiTha gaye / vRkSa para se kaitha TUTakara girA; unakA sira phaTa gayA / ziSya AhA ! AhA ! karake haMsane lage / praznottara zailI dekhie - prazna :- kiM deti kAmiNIo ? ke harapaNayA ? kuNaMti kiM bhuyagA ? kaMca maU hehi sasI dhavalai ? 1 - kAminiyA~ kyA detI hai ? 2 - zivako kauna praNAma karatA hai ? 3 - sarpa kyA karate haiM ? 4 - candramA apanI kiraNoM dvArA kise dhavala karatA hai ? uttara :- nahaMgaNA bhoyaM -- (1) nakha, (2) gaNa, (3) bhoga (phaNa), (4) nabha ke A~gana kA vistAra / (8, pR. 744 ) sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa (2, 148 ) meM praznottara kA nimnalikhita lakSaNa kiyA haiyastu paryanuyogasya nirbhedaH kriyate budhaiH / vidagdhagoSThyAM vAkyairvA taddhi praznottaraM viduH // AcArAMga niyukti meM eka hI samasyA kI pUrti parivrAjaka, tApasa, bauddha aura jaina sAdhu se karAI gaI hai / gUDhacaturthagoSThI meM caturtha pada kI pUrti kI gaI hai- surayamaNassa raihare niyabiMbabhamiraM vahU dhuyakaraggA / takkhaNavuttavivAhA.. samasyApUraka caturtha pada varayassa karaM nivArei / -- ratighara meM, abhinavapariNItA, suratamana vAlI vadhU apane nitamboM ko ghumAtI huI, uMgaliyoM ko nacAtI huI vara ke hAtha ko rokatI hai / (8, pR0 752 ) hemacandra ke kAvyAnuzAsana (5, 4, pR0 322-23) meM kriyA, kAraka, saMbandha aura pAda ke bheda se gUr3ha ke cAra prakAra batAye haiM /

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haribhadra ke ziSya uddyotanasUri ne apanI prasAdapUrNa campUzailI meM likhI huI kuvalayamAlA meM vidagdha puruSoM dvArA buddhicAturya se parikalpita vinodotpAdaka (1) prahelikA,' (2) bUr3hA (1), (3) aMtyAkSarI, (4) bindumatI, (5) aTThAviDao (aSTapiTaka), (6) praznottara, gUr3ha uttara, (7) paTTha, (8) akSaracyuta, 1. daNDI ke kAnyAdarza (3, 95) meM prahelikA kA nimna lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai krIDAgoSTIvinodeSu tajjairAkIrNamantraNe / paravyAmohanaM cApi sopayogAH prahelikAH // hemacandra AcArya ne praznottara, prahelikA aura durvaca Adi ko kaSTakAvya batAkara usameM kAvyatva ko asvIkAra kiyA hai| kAvyAnuzAsana kI TIkA (5, 4, pR0 323) meM prahelikA kA nimna udAharaNa diyA hai payasvinInAM dhenUnAM brAhmaNaH prApya vizatim / tAbhyo'STAdaza vikrIya gRhItvaikAM gRhaM gataH // (yahA~ dhenunAM meM samAsa karanA cAhie-dhenvA UnAma) zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra kI arthadIpikAvRtti (pR. 127) ke maMtrIputrIkathAnaka meM kisI vAdI ne maMtrIputrI ke 56 praznoM kA uttara prAkRta bhASA ke cAra akSaroM meM diyA hai| dekhie, jJAnAJjali (pR. 57) meM saMkalita muni puNyavijayajI kA lekha, vaDodarA, 1969 / aMtyAkSarI prahelikA meM kavitA ke aMtya akSara ko lekara usase nayI kavitA banAyI jAtI hai| udyotanasuri ne ukta tInoM ko gopAloM ke bAlakoM meM bhI prasiddha batAyA hai / 3. Adi aura aMtima akSara chor3akara bAkI akSaroM ke sthAna para kevala bindu diye jAte haiM, phira usakA artha lagAyA jAtA hai, use bindumatI kahate haiM / battIsa koThoM meM vyasta-samasta rUpase zloka kA eka-eka akSara likhanA aTThAviDaa hai| do, tIna athavA cAra praznoM kA uttara eka hI pada meM diye jAne ko praznottara kahate haiN| praznottara ke aneka bheda haiM; jaise eka samAna artha vAlA, bhinna-bhinna artha vAlA, mizra, AlApaka, liMgabhinna, vibhaktibhinna, kAlabhinna, kArakabhinna, vacanabhinna saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, paizAcI, mAgadhI, rAkSasI, mizra; Adi-uttara, bAhya-uttara / 6. praznottara kA hI bheda hai / prazna ke aMdara hI gUDha uttara chipA rahatA hai, ise gUDha uttara kahate haiN| parabuddhivaMcana meM yaha paTu hai| 7. koI prazna kiyA jAye aura usakA uttara diyA jAye, phira bhI use na samajha sakeM, aisI prakaTa aura gUr3ha racanA ko paTTha (pRSThArtha) kahate haiM / 8. jahA~ eka akSara ke ur3a jAne se zleSa nahIM rahe, kiMtu usameM akSara jor3ane se vaha ThIka ho jAya. use akSaracyuta kahate haiM / udAharaNa ke lie kurvadivAkarazleSaM dadhaccaraNaDambaram / deva ! yauSmAkasenAyAH kareNuH prasaratyasau // (kAdambarI, pITarsana, bambaI 1900) yahA~ 'kareNu' zabda meM se 'ka' nikAla dene se dvitIya artha kI pratIti hotI hai|

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113 (9) mAtrAcyuta,' (10) binducyuta, (11) gUr3hacaturthapAda, (12) bhANiyabviyA (bhaNitavyatA), (13) hRdayagAthA, (14) pomha (padma), (15) saMvidhAnaka (16) gAthArdha, (17) gAthArAkSasa aura (18) prathamAkSararacanA Adi mahAkaviyoM dvArA kalpita kaviyoM ke lie duSkara prayogoM kA varNana kiyA hai / isake atirikta kahArayaNakosa, jinadattAkhyAna, sirivAlakahA, upadezapada, dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa, surasuMdarIcariya Adi kathA-granthoM meM madhya-uttara, bahiHuttara, ekAlApa aura gatapratyAgata nAmaka praznottara tathA samasyApUrti, pAdapUrti, prahelikA, vakrokti, vyAjokti aura gUDhokti Adi ke udAharaNa pAye jAte haiM / 1. jisameM kriyA kA lopa ho aura mAtrA ke sadbhAva se tadbhAva rahe, vaha mAtrAcyuta hai / udAharaNa mUlasthitimadhaH kurvan mAtrairjuSTo gatAkSaraiH / viTaH sevyaH kulInasya tiSThataH pathikasya saH // yahA~ 'viTa' meM se 'i' mAtrA haTA dene se 'vaTa' kI pratIti hotI hai| isI prakAra binducyuta samajhanA cAhie / hemacandra ne mAtrAcyuta, ardhamAtrAcyuta, biMducyuta aura varNacyuta-ye cyuta ke cAra prakAra batAye haiM / inake udAharaNa bhI diye haiM / (kAvyAnuzAsana, 5, 4, pR0 315-22) / 2. jisameM prathama tIna pAdoM meM caturtha pAda gUDha rahatA hai, use gUDhacaturthapAda' kahate haiM / isI prakAra bhANiyabviyA (bhaNitavyatA), hRdayagAthA.pomha (padma), gAthArdha, saMvidhAnaka, gAthArAkSasa aura prathamAkSararacitagAthA ke lakSaNa samajhane cAhie / prathamAkSararacitagAthA kA udAharaNa-- dANadayAdakkhiNNA sommA payaIe savvasattANaM / haMsi vva suddhapakkhA teNa tumaM daMsaNijjAsi // --dAna aura dayA meM kuzala, svabhAva se samasta jIvoM ke prati saumya aura haMsinI ke samAna tuma zuddha pakSa vAlI ho, ataeva darzanIya ho / isa gAthA ke tInoM caraNoM ke prathama akSara lene se 'dAso hai' (arthAt, maiM dAsa hU~) rUpa banatA hai| prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 455 vahI, pR0 478 vahI, pR0 480 ___ autpattikI, vainiyikI, karmajA aura pAriNAmiko buddhiyoM ke udAharaNoM ke lie dekhie, pR0 48-97 / prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 502 vahI, pR0 540-41 15

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114 subhASita prAkRta meM subhASita graMthoM kI alaga se racanA kI gayI / inameM jinezvarasUri (1195 I0) kRta gAthAkoSa, lakSmaNakRta gAthAkoSa, municandrakRta rasAula, tathA rasAlaya, vidyAlaya, sAhityazloka aura subhASita kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai|' kathA-granthoM meM bhI aneka rocaka subhASita bhI milate haiN| kucha subhASitoM para dhyAna dIjie(ka) vari halio vi hu bhattA anannabhajjo guNehi rahio vi / mA saguNo bahubhajjo jai rAyAcakkavaTTI vi // -guNoM se vihIna eka patnIvAlA hAlika (kisAna) aneka bhAryA vAle guNa vAn cakravartI rAjA kI apekSA zreSTha hai| (kha) uppaNNAe sogo vaDDhaMtIe ya vaDDhae ciMtA / pariNIyAe udaMto juvaipiyA dukkhio niccaM // --usake paidA hone para zoka hotA hai, bar3I hone para cintA hotI hai aura vivAha kara dene para kucha na kucha dete hI rahanA par3atA hai| isa prakAra yuvatI kA pitA sadA dukha kA bhAgI banA rahatA hai| (ga) ucchgAme vAso seyaM vatthaM sagorasA saalii| iTThA ya jassa bhajA piyayama ! kiM tassa rajjeNa / / he priyatama ! IkhavAle gAMva meM vAsa, zvetavastroM kA dhAraNa, gorasa aura zAli kA bhakSaNa tathA iSTa bhAryA jisake maujUda hai, use rAjya se kyA prayojana ? (gha) par3hamaM hi AvayANaM ciMteyavvo nareNa pddiyaaro| na hi gehammi palitte avaDaM khaNiuM tarai koI // -vipatti ke Ane se pahale hI usakA upAya socanA cAhie / ghara meM Aga lagane para kyA koI kuAM khoda sakatA hai ?" (Ga) rAIsarisavamittANi, parachiddANi pAsasi / appaNo billamittANi, pAsaMto vi na pAsasi // -dUsaroM ke to rAI aura sarasoM ke samAna kSudra chidroM ko bhI tU dekhatA hai, aura bela jitane bar3e apane chidroM ko dekhatA huA bhI nahIM dekhtaa|" prAkRta sAhitya, pR0 584-85 NANapaMcamIkahA, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 442 jinadattAkhyAna, prAkRta sAhitya, pR0 479 4. bhavabhAvanA, prAkRta sAhitya, pR0 513 uttarAdhyayana, zAntyAcArya TIkA, 2. 140, pR0 138a

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vasudeva hiMDI aura guNADhya kI bRhatkathA

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vasudevahiMDI aura bRhatkathA DAkTara ela0 AlsaDorpha ne vasudevahiMDI kI bhASA-saMbaMdhI vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlate hue isa grantha ko guNADhya kI anupalabdha baDDakahA (bRhatkathA)' kA jaina saMskaraNa batAyA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki vasudevahiMDI naSTa huI bRhatkathA kI punarracanA meM atyanta upayogI hai / ve likhate haiM-"vasudevahiMDIkAra kI yojanA ke kSetra kI tulanA AgamabAhya jaina sAhitya ke kisI grantha se nahIM kI jA sktii| isa grantha kI zailI na saMkSipta hai aura na zuSka / yaha sajIvatA evaM lAkSaNikatA lie hue hai tathA tatkAlIna jIvita bhASA kA atyanta manoraMjaka citra yahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA hai| alaMkRta varNanoM se yaha bhASA sajIva ho uThI hai / isa prakAra ke varNana bhAratIya kaviyoM ko bahuta priya rahe haiN|" udhara phreMca vidvAn prophesara epha0 lAkota ne guNADhya kI bRhatkathA ke rUpAntara budhasvAmIkRta bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha, kSemeMdrakRta bRhatkathAmaMjarI tathA somadevabhaTTakRta kathAsaritsAgara kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kara bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha ko bRhatkathA ke adhika nikaTa batAyA hai / lAkota kI mAnyatA hai ki bRhatkathAmaMjarI aura kathA1. bhojakRta sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa ke TIkAkAra AsaDa ke matAnusAra, hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa (8.4.326) meM uddhRta paizAcI gAthA bRhatkathA kA Adi namaskAra hai panamatha panaya-pakuppita-golI-calanagga-lagga-pati-biMbaM / tasasu nakha-tapanesuM ekAtasa-tanu-thalaM luI / / naccantassa ya lIlA-pAtukkhevena kaMpitA vasuthA / 'challanti samuddA sailA nipatanti taM halaM namatha // (bhAratIya vidyA 3.1, pR0 228-30 1945) buleTina Ara skala Apha oriTiala sTaDIja, jilda 8, pR. 344-49, 1935 -37 ma vahiMDI. e spesimaina Apha Arkika jaina mahArASTrI' nAmaka lekha: tathA 19vIM an lIya prAcya vidyA pariSad , roma, 1935 meM Eine new Version des renen Brihatkatha of Gunadhya (a new Version der Version of theen ort Brihatkatha of Gunadhya) nAmaka jarmana lekha isake gujarAtI aura hi. Driharkatha of Gunadhva): mAMDesarA kata vasadevahiDIpAda ke lie dAkhae kramazaH prophesara bhogIlAla ne gujarAtI anuvAda, pra. 9-11 bhamikA, pR0 12-17, bihA anuvAda, pR0 9-13, tathA kathAsaritsAgara (1) 'gaSTrabhASApariSad /

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198 saritsAgara bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha kA hI saMkSipta saMskaraNa hai / ' ukta donoM vidvAnoM ke kathanoM kI sArthakatA kI siddhi meM, guNADhya kI bRhatkathA para AdhArita svIkAra kiye jAne vAle vasudevahiMDI aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha kA saMkSipta tulanAtmaka adhyayana yahA~ prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / vasudevahiMDI aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha, jo bRhatkathA kA naipAlI saMskaraNa kahA jAtA hai, kI racanA saMskRta meM lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM huI / lekina guNADhya kI bRhatkathA 1. atyanta samRddha bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha kathAsaritsAgara aura bRhatkathAmaMjarI kI apekSA adhika sarala hai / lokasaMgraha ke lekhaka ne prApta sAmagrI ko suvyavasthita rUpa se prastuta kiyA hai / viSaya vastu atyanta sImita hai / ukta donoM racanAoM kI tulanA meM yahA~ kathAe~ adhika vistArapUrvaka dI gayI haiM / lekhaka sAmAnya janatA ke rItirivAjoM aura rahana-sahana se pUrNatayA paricita jAna par3atA hai / bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha kA zabdakoSa hai; kitane hI zabda nizcita rUpa se prAkRta se liye gaye haiM, aura bahuta se zabda kevala koSakAroM ke korSoM meM hI saMgrahIta haiM; aneka zabda naye bhI ghar3e gaye haiM / aneka zabdoM ko hemacandrAcArya ne udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / bhASA prAcIna hai; apracalita zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai / zailI rocaka aura sarala hai / dekhiye Essai sur Gunadhya at la Brihatkatha (perisa, 1908 ) kA kvArTarlI jaranala Apha da / mithika sosAyaTI, baMgalUra siTI, 1923 meM prakAzita aMgrejI anuvAda / bRhatkathArala kasaMgraha kA devanAgarI lipi meM mUla saMskaraNa aura usakA phreMca anuvAda 1908 meM perisa se prakAzita huA hai / viMTaranitsa ne lAkota ke ukta kathana ko puSTi kI hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki yadyapi guNADhya aura budhasvAmI ke samaya meM kAphI antara hai, phira bhI kSedra aura somadeva ke kAzmIrI saMskaraNoM kI apekSA bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha bRhatkathA ke nikaTa hone kI prabhAvazAlI chApa mana para DAlatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie, bRhatkathA lokasaMgraha meM gomukha ko eka manoraMjaka pAtra ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai jabaki kamorI saMskaraNoM meM vaha kevala eka kathaka ke rUpa meM AtA hai / phira, 5 veM sarga, yavana deza ke kArIgaroM kA ullekha haiM jo AkAzayaMtra ke nirmANa karane meM kuzala se bhArata ke nivAsI isa kalA se anabhijJa the / 18 sarga meM rAjagRha ke sArthavAha kI putrI eka yavanI se paidA huI thI / isase hameM usa prAcInakAla kA saMketa milatA hai jabaki yavana deza ke kArIgaroM ne uttara bhArata meM khyAti prApta kI thii| bhAraya sAhitya meM bahuta ho kama grantha aise mileMge jinameM hAsa-parihAsa kI mAtrA ivizad rUpa meM pAyI jAtI ho jitanI ki prastuta racanA meM sAmAnyajanoM kA jana yahA~ khuzahAlI aura ha~sI khuzI ke jIvana ke rUpa meM citrita hai / hisTrI Apha Diyana liTarecara, jilda 3, bhAga ne isI prakAra ke vicAra vyakta 1, pR0 350-51 / e0bI0 kotha aura je0 kiye haiM /

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kA rUpAntara hone se isakI sAmagrI IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kI mAnI gayI hai / yahI bAta saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ke vasudevahiMDI ke samaya ke saMbaMdha meM kahI jA sakatI hai| AvazyakacUrNIkAra jinadAsagaNi mahattara (676 I0) ne RSabhadeva ke caritravarNana-prasaMga tathA valkalacIrI aura prasannacaMdra ke kathAvarNana meM vasudevahiMDI ko AdhAra rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| isase isa grantha kI prAmANikatA kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| vasudevahiMDI meM aMdhakavRSNi vaMzotpanna kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM vatsarAja udayana ke putra naravAhanadatta-donoM deza-dezAntaroM meM paribhramaNa kara vidyAdharoM aura rAjakanyAoM se vivAha karate haiM / saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ke vasudevahiMDI meM vasudeva ke 29 aura dharmasenagaNi ke madhyama khaNDa meM usake 71 vivAhoM kA varNana hai|' vasudevahiMDI kI bhA~ti bRhatkathAzloka-saMgraha bhI apUrNa hai aura yahA~ lekhaka 28 vivAhoM meM se kevala 6 kA varNana kara sakA hai / vasudevahiMDI meM chaha prakaraNa haiM -kathotpatti, dhammillahiMDI, per3hiyA, mukha, pratimukha aura zarIra / kathotpatti, pIThikA aura mukha meM kathA kA prastAva, pratimukha meM vasudeva kI AtmakathA aura zarIra meM 29 laMbhakoM kI kahAniyA~ haiM / aMtima laMbhaka truTita tathA 19 aura 20 laMbhaka anupalabdha haiM / bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha jisakA kevala eka caturthAMza hI upalabdha hai-meM tIsare sarga kA nAma kathAmukha hai / vasudevahiMDI ke tIsare laMbhaka meM gaMdharvadattAlaMbhaka tathA terahaveM aura paMdrahaveM laMbhakoM meM vegavatIlaMbhaka kA varNana hai / bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM terahaveM aura caudahaveM sargoM meM vegavatIdarzana aura paMdrahaveM meM vegavatIlAbha, tathA solahaveM sarga meM gaMdharvadattAlAbha, va caMpApraveza aura satrahaveM sarga meM gaMdharvadattAvivAha nAmaka prakaraNa haiN| donoM hI rUpAntaroM meM gaMdharvadattA vaNik kI 1. dharmasenagaNi mahattara ne vasudevahiMDI ke madhyama khaMDa kI prastAvanA meM sUcita kiyA hai-"vasudeva ne 100 varSa taka paribhramaNa karake 100 kanyAoM se vivAha kiyA / saMgha dAsagaNi vAcaka ne zyAmA se lekara rohiNI taka 29 laMbhakoM meM 29 vivAhoM kA varNana kiyA hai| zeSa 71 vivAhoM ko vistAra bhaya se unhoMne chor3a diyA hai| laukika zaGkAra kathA kI prazaMsA ko sahana na karake maiMne, AcArya ke samIpa nizcaya karake pravacana ke anurAga se,AcArya ke Adeza se, madhyama ke laMbhakoM ke sAtha kathAsUtra ko jor3A hai|' muni puNyavijayajIkI saMzodhita hastalikhita prati, pR 4-5 / isakA matalaba hai ki dharmasena ne vasudevahiMDI ke 29veM laMbhaka ke bAda se apane kathAsUtra kA Arambha nahIM kiyA / unhoMne eNIputraka nAmaka rAjA kI putrI priyaMgusuMdarI nAmaka laMbhaka ke sAtha apane 71 laMbhakoM ko jor3A hai| yahI kAraNa hai, yaha grantha madhyama khaMDa nAma se kahA jAne lagA /

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120 putrI hai / vasudevahiMDI meM kAliMdasenA kI gaNikAputrI suhiraNyA aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM kaliMgasenA mahAgaNikA kI putrI madanamaMjukA ke varNana meM bahuta samAnatA hai| kAzmIrI rUpAntaroM meM madanamaMjukA ko eka bauddha rAjA kI dauhitrI batAyA hai / donoM hI saMskaraNoM meM gomukha nAyaka ke mitra ke rUpa meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtA hai aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha (25 vAM sarga) meM to usake vigraha kA AkhyAna varNita hai| vasudevahiMDI meM bRhatkathA kI kAvyazakti aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha kI lAkSaNikatA ke darzana hote haiM / vidyAdharoM ke parAkrama . vasudevahiMDI aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha donoM hI racanAoM meM vidyAdhara jAti ke logoM kA varNana hai| kathAsaritsAgara ke racayitA somadevabhaTTa ne guNADhya kI bRhatkathA ko apanI racanA kA mUlAdhAra batAte hue kailAza parvata para virAjamAna ziva aura pArvatI ke saMvAda kA ullekha kiyA hai| pArvatI zivajI se koI ramya kathA sunAne kA anurodha karatI haiN| apanI patnI kA anurodha svIkAra kara ve vidyAdharoM kI kathA sunAte haiM, devatAgaNa sadA sukha meM aura mAnava jAti ke loga sadA duHkha meM DUbe rahate haiM, ataeva donoM ke hI carita utkRSTa rUpa se manohara nahIM hote| yaha jAnakara zivajI sukha-duHkha se mizrita vidyAdharoM ke apUrva aura adbhuta carita sunAnA hI pasanda karate haiN| guNADhya ke pUrva bhI lekhakoM ne devI-devatAoM ke caritoM kI racanAe~ kI hoMgI lekina kAlAntara meM pAThaka ina caritoM ko sunate-sunate Uba gaye / ataeva guNADhya ne prAcIna AkhyAnoM kI paramparA se haTakara vidyAdharoM ke adbhuta caritroM kA varNana karanA hitakArI samajhA / vatsarAja udayana ke putra aura vidyAdharoM ke adhipati naravAhanadatta ke sAhasika kAryoM kA yahA~ varNana kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna jaina kathA-sAhitya meM vidyAdharoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| ve AkAzagAmI (khecara) hone ke kAraNa zreSTha vimAnoM dvArA yAtrA kiyA karate haiN| jainadharma ke upAsaka hone ke kAraNa ve naMdIzvara yA aSTApada (kailAza) kI yAtrA 1. ekAMta sukhino devA manuSyA nityaduHkhitA / divyamAnuSaceSTA tu parabhAge na hAriNo // vidyAdharANAM caritamataste varNayAmyahaM / 1. 1. 47-8

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ke lie gamana karate haiN| ve zramaNadIkSA bhI svIkAra karate haiM / tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko vidyAdharoM kA pAlaka batAyA gayA hai / aneka vidyAe~ unhoMne vidyAdharoM ko pradAna kii| mAnavoM se sAtha vidyAdharoM ke sahAnubhUtipUrNa sambandha batAye gaye haiN| donoM meM sauhArda thA aura zAdI-vivAha taka hote the| yadi koI vidyAdhara kisI anagAra (jainasAdhu), yA dampati ko kaSTa pahu~cAye athavA kisI parayuvati kA jabardastI se apaharaNa kare to usake vidyA se bhraSTa ho jAne kI AzaMkA rahatI thii| vidyAdharagaNa jaba dharaNa nAmaka nAgeMdra kA kopa zAnta karane usake pAsa pahuMce to dharaNa ne unheM phaTakArate hue kahA- "dekho, Aja se vidyAoM ke siddha karane se hI ve tumhAre vaza meM hoMgI / lekina yadi vidyAsiddha hone para jinagRha, anagAra athavA kisI dampati kA aparAdha karoge to vidyAoM se bhraSTa ho jaaoge| isa vijjudAr3ha nAmaka vidyAdhara nareza ke vaMza meM puruSoM ko mahAvidyAe~ siddha nahIM hoMgI, striyoM ko bhI sopasarga aura dukhapUrvaka siddha hoMgI athavA deva, sAdhu aura mahApuruSa ke darzana se sukhapUrvaka siddha ho skeNgii| kathA-prasaMgoM kI samAnatA 1 kokkAsa baDhaI (a) vasudeva hiMDI : tAmralipti meM dhanada nAmaka bar3haI / putrotpatti / daridratA ke kAraNa mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu; dhanapati sArthavAha ke ghara putra kA pAlana / kaMDikazAlA meM kukkusa ( athavA kukusa) bhakSaNa karane ke kAraNa kokkAsa nAma / dhanapati sArthavAha ke putra dhanavasU kA yavana deza kI yAtrA ke lie yAnapAtra sajjita / kokkAsa bhI sAtha meM / yavanadeza pahu~cakara vyaapaar| kokkAsa paDosa ke eka bar3haI ke ghara dina vyatIta karatA / apane putroM ko vaha aneka prakAra ke zilpa karma kI zikSA detA lekina ve na sIkhate / kokkAsa bIca-bIca meM unakI sahAyatA karatA / AcArya ne kokkAsa ko kASTakarma kI zikSA dii| 1. sarpa se daSTa sAmadattA ne vidyAdhara yugala ke sparza mAtra se cetanA prApta kii| vasudevahiMDI pR0 47 2. vahI. pR. 264, 227 / kathAsaritsAgara meM apanI vidyA kI zekhI baghArane ke kAraNa vidyAbhraSTa hue jImUtavAhana kI kathA AtI hai / bharahuta ke zilAlekhoM (209 meM vidyAdharoM kA ullekha hai| vidyA aura bidyAdharoM ke liye dekhie, jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja. pR0 343-52, kuvalayamAlA 217, 218, pR0 131-32, kukkusa, kukkasa kukkAsa, kokkasa, kokasa, kokkAsa, kokAsa kokkosa aura kokkAsa pAThAntara hai / bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM pukkasa / 16

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122 kokkAsa kA tAmralipti-Agamana / tAmralipti meM duSkAla / kokkAsa ne apanI AjIvikA calAne aura rAjA ko apanI zilpakalA kA jJAna karAne ke lie kapota yugala sajja kiye / ye kapota pratidina rAjA ke kalamazAli lekara A jAte / kokkAsa ke yaMtramaya kapota yugala zAli cuga jAte haiM, isa bAta kA patA lagane para zilpI ko rAjadarabAra meM upasthita kiyA gayA / rAjA ne saMtuSTa hokara usakA sammAna kiyaa| rAjA kI AjJA se AkAzagAmI yaMtra sajjita kiyA gayA / AkAza kI saira karate hue doMnoMkA kAlayApana / rAjA ke sAtha saira karane kI mahArAnI kI icchA / kokkAsa ne nivedana kiyA ki yaMtra tIsare AdamI kA bhAra vahana nahIM kara sakatA / rAnI kA punaH anurodha / rAjA rAnIko sAtha lekara calA / kucha dUra ur3ane para yaMtra ke bigar3a jAne se vaha pRthvI para A giraa| tosali nagara meM kokkAsa yaMtra ko ThIka karane ke aujAra lene gayA / bar3aI ke ghara pahu~ca usane bAsI mAMgI / bar3haI ne kahA ki vaha rAjA ke lie ratha banA rahA hai, vAsI nahIM mila sakatI / kokkAsa ne kahA-lAo, tumhArA ratha maiM banA dUM / bar3haI samajha gayA ki vaha kokkAsa honA cAhie / usane kAkajaMgha rAjA ko kokkAsa ke Ane kA samAcAra diyA / kAkajaMgha ne rAjA aura rAnI ko kaida kara liyA / kokkAsa se rAjakumAroM ko zilpakalA kI zikSA dilvaayii| kokkAsa ne AkAzagAmI do ghoTaka- yaMtroM kA nirmANa kiyaa| eka bAra kokkAsa soyA huA thA, to rAjakumAra ghoTakayaMtra lekara AkAza meM ur3a gye| unake pAsa yaMtra ko vApisa lauTAkara lAne kI kIla nahIM thI, ataH maraNa avazyaMbhAvI thaa| rAjA ne kokkAsa ke vadha kI AjJA sunAyo / eka rAjakumAra ne kokkAsa ko yaha dukhada samAcAra sunAyA / kokkAsa ne cakraMyaMtra sajjita kiyA / kumAroM ko usa para savAra ho jAne ko kahA / usane batAyA ki jaba vaha zaMkha phUMke to zaMkha kI dhvani sunakara ve bIca kI kIla para prahAra kreN| aisA karane se yAna AkAza meM ur3a jAyegA / rAjakumAra yAna meM savAra ho gaye / vadha ke lie le jAte samaya kokkAsa ne zaMkha kI dhvani kii| rAjakumAroM ne bIca kI kIla para prahAra kiyA aura ve cakrayaMtra kI zUlI meM biMdhakara mara gaye / kokkAsa kA vadha kara diyA gyaa|' 1. pR0 61-63 / Avazyaka niyukti, 924 meM zilpasiddhi meM kokkAsa bar3haI kA dRSTAMta diyA hai / AvazyakacUrNI pR. 541 meM yaha kahAnI kucha heraphera ke sAtha milatI hai| kokkAsa ko yahA~ zUrika kA nivAsI batAyA hai jo ujjayinI meM Akara rahane lagA thA / yavana deza meM jAkara zilpa sIkhane kI bAta kA yahA~ ullekha nahIM hai / rAjA apanI mahArAnI ke sAtha AkAza kI saira karatA, isaliye anya rAniyoM ne IrSyAvaza yaMtra kI kIla chipA dI jisase yaMtra jamIna para gira pdd'aa| dekhiye, do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAniyA~ (prathama saMskaraNa) 'kokkAsa bar3haI' khaanii|

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123 (A) bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha : udayana kI rAnI padmAvatI ne vimAna meM savAra ho pRthvI ke bhramaNa kI icchA vyakta kI / udayana ke maMtrI rumaNvata ne zilpiyoM ko bulAkara AkAzagAmI yaMtra taiyAra karane kA Adeza diyaa| zilpiyoM ne uttara diyA ki ve kevala jalayaMtra, azmayaMtra, pAMzuyaMtra aura kANDarAzikRta yaMtra-ina cAra prakAra ke yaMtroM' kA hI nirmANa karanA jAnate haiM; AkAzayaMtra yavanadezavAsI hI banA sakate haiN| mahAsena kA pukkasa nAmaka bar3haI senA ke sAtha saurASTra gayA huA thA / vahA~ vizvila nAmaka eka kuzala zilpI se usakI bheMTa huI / pukkasa ne sarvaguNasampanna apanI ratnAvalI nAma kI kanyA kA usake sAtha vivAha kara diyA / vizvila ne jaMgala meM se lakar3iyA~ kATakara unase yavanayaMtroM (yAvanAni yaMtrANi) kA nirmANa kiyA / Arogya pradAna karane vAle aura bhojana banAne ke upakaraNa taiyAra karake unase jo dhana kI prApti hotI, use apane zvasura ko de detaa| eka bAra vizvila kAzI deza ke rAjA kA Adeza pAkara devakula ke nirmANa ke lie vArANasI gyaa| vizvila vahA~ se kukkuTayaMtra meM baiThakara rAtri ke samaya cupacApa apanI patnI se milane AtA aura subaha hone ke pUrva hI lauTa jaataa| eka bAra dUtoM ne use dekha liyA / unake pA~va par3akara vizvila ne usake AkAzayaMtra dvArA Agamana kI bAta kisI se na kahane kI prArthanA kI; kyoMki yaha vijJAna yavanadeza ke logoM ke sivAya aura kisI ko jJAta nahIM thaa| kucha dinoM bAda vizvila AkAzayaMtra meM 1. kathAsaritsAgara 6. 3. 17. 22 meM aneka prakAra ke mAyAyaMtroM kA ullekha hai / kASTha kI banI huI yaMtra puttalikA cAbI ghumAne se AkAza meM ur3a jAtI thI, koI nAcane lagatI thI aura koI vArtAlApa karane lagatI thI / apane pati kI sevA ke lie somaprabhA ne AkAzamArga se ur3akara apane ghara gamana kiyA / bRhatkalpabhASya (4.49.5) meM yavana deza meM yaMtramaya pratimAoM ke nirmANa karane kA ullekha hai| isase yavana deza ke sAtha bhArata ke saMbaMdhoM aura sAMskRtika AdAna-pradAna kA honA sUcita hotA hai| vasudevahiMDI (pR. 38-39) meM kauzAmbI meM.. yavana deza ke adhipati dvArA bheje hue dUta ke Agamana kA ullekha hai / kauzAmbI ke rAjA ne usakA Adara-satkAra kiyA / rAjA ke putra Ananda ko rugNa dekha kara yavanadUta ne usake viSaya meM prazna kiyA / usane kahA ki kyA usa deza meM auSadhiyA~ nahIM milatI athavA vaidya nahIM haiM jo rAjaputra kI yaha dazA hai| usane nava utpanna azvakizora ke rakta meM thor3I dera ke lie rogI ko rakhane ke lie kahA / yavanoM ke 'khavAghaTanavijJAna' kA bhI yahA~ ullekha hai / lAkota ke anusAra, yUnAnI loga apanI khATa ko meja ke rUpa meM parivartita kara sakate the|

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124 savAra ho vArANasI se lauTa AyA / pukkasa ne vizvila ko batAyA ki rAjA cAhatA hai ki jo AkAzayaMtravijJAna usane apane jAmAtA ko sikhAyA hai, use vaha usake zilpiyoM ko bhI sikhA de / lekina pukkasa ne kahA ki yaha vijJAna usake jAmAtA ne yavana ke zilpiyoM se sIkhA hai| isapara rAjA ne kupita hokara pukkasa ko mRtyudaNDa kI dhamakI dii| vizvila ne apanI patnI se kahA-"rAjA AkAzayaMtravijJAna sIkhanA cAhatA hai, lekina isa vijJAna ko hameM isI prakAra chipAkara rakhanA cAhie jaise kRpaNa dhana ko rakhatA hai| isakI rakSA ke lie maiM tumheM taka chor3ane ko taiyAra huuN|" tatpazcAt rAtri ke samaya apanI bhAryA ke sAtha kukkuTAkAra yAna meM savAra ho vizvila apane sthAna ko calA gyaa| udhara rAjA ke zilpiyoM ko yaMtra kA nirmANa karane meM asamartha dekha senApati ne unakI bahuta tAr3anA kii| isa samaya kisI Agantuka ne vahA~ upasthita ho garuDAkAra yaMtra kA nirmANa kiyA / yaMtra kI maMdAra ke puSpoM se pUjA kI gyii| rAjA ne rAnI se kahA ki yaMtra taiyAra ho gayA haiM, aura vaha icchAnusAra AkAza kI saira kara sakatI hai| zilpI ne nivedana kiyA ki vaha yaMtra samasta nagaravAsiyoM kA bhAra vahana karane meM sakSama hai / rAjA kA samasta antaHpura, apanI striyoM sahita maMtrIgaNa, aura puravAsI yaMtra meM savAra ho pUrva dizA kI ora cala pdd'e| sArI pRthvI meM ghUmakara rAjA avantI nagarI meM AyA / mahAsena rAjA dvArA vizvila kA bahuta sammAna kiyA gyaa|' 2 puruSoM ke bheda (a) vasudevahiMDI : kRSNaputra zaMba apane sakhA jayasena aura buddhisena nAmaka rAjakumAroM ke sAtha ratha meM savAra hue jA rahe the| tInoM meM vArtAlApa ho rahA hai jayasena-(zaMba ko lakSya karake) Aryaputra ! buddhisena bicArA sIdhA-sAdA hai, vaha bAta karane meM hI kuzala hai / jo kaSTa sahana nahIM kara sakatA, vaha kupuruSa hai / . buddhisena jaise aMdhapuruSa ko kisI rUpa-raMga kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA, vaise hI tuma bhI puruSoM ke jJAna se vaMcita ho / _ jayasena-acchA, tU jAnatA hai to batA ki puruSa kitane prakAra ke hote haiM ? terI buddhi kA patA cala jAyegA / buddhisena--artha, dharma aura kAma kI apekSA puruSoM ke uttama, madhyama aura adhama-ye tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM / jo pitA aura pitAmaha ke dvArA upArjita 1. 5. 196-297. pR0 65-75

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pharaka dhana kA upabhoga karatA huA bhI usameM vRddhi karatA hai, vaha uttama, jo use kSINa nahIM hone detA, vaha madhyama aura jo use khA-paTakA kara khatma kara detA hai, use adhama puruSa kahA jAtA hai / dharma kI apekSA puruSoM ke uttama aura madhyama-ye do bheda kiye gaye haiN| svayaMbuddha uttama aura buddhoM dvArA bodhita puruSa madhyama hai / kAma kI apekSA puruSoM ke tIna bheda haiM / jo svayaM kAmanA karatA hai aura usakI bhI kAmanA kI jAtI hai, vaha uttama; jisakI kAmanA kI jAtI hai, lekina jo svayaM kAmanA nahIM karatA vaha madhyama; tathA jo svayaM kAmanA karatA hai lekina usakI kAmanA nahIM kI jAtI, use adhama kahA gayA hai| jayasena-Aryaputra zaMva ina tInoM meM se kaunase haiM ? buddhisena- artha aura dharma ke bAre meM kucha kaha sakanA kaThina hai; hA~, kAma ke bAre meM unheM madhyama kahA jA sakatA hai / jayasena-~aura svayaM tuma kaunase ho ? buddhisena-uttama ! jayasena ---(kruddha hokara) are paMDitamanya ! tU apane Apako uttama aura svAmI ko madhyama kahatA hai ! basa, yahI terI zikSA hai ? buddhisena--tuma samajhate nahIM ! jo dUsaroM dvArA kAmanA kiye jAne para svayaM kAmanA nahIM karatA, use madhyama kahate haiN| jayasena-acchA, batAo, svAmI kI kauna kAmanA karatA hai ? buddhisena-nahIM batAU~gA / yadi ve svayaM pUche to kahU~gA / zaMba-acchA kaho, maiM hI pUcha rahA huuN|' (A) bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha : gomukha, marubhUtika, tapantaka aura harizikha nAmaka mitroM ke sAtha ratha meM savAra ho naravAhanadatta ne yAtrA ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| dharma, artha aura kAma meM icchAsukhAtmaka kAma kI mukhyatApUrvaka kAmazAstra ke paMDitoM ne cAra prakAra ke puruSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-uttama, madhyama, hIna aura nakecana / gomukha ko uttama aura Aryaputra ko madhyama koTi kA batAyA gayA / isapara marubhUti ne kruddha hokara gomukha ko phaTakArA tuma baila-ke-baila rahe jo tuma apane Apako uttama aura Aryaputra ko madhyama kahate ho| apane Apako apane prabhu se bar3hakara batAte ho ? 1. pR0 101 2. vasudevahiMDI meM harizikha, varAha, gomukha, tapaMtaka aura marUbhUtika nAma Ate haiM /

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126 gomukha ne uttara diyA--tuma vajramUrkha ho marubhUti / kyA koI prabhu hone mAtra se uttama kAmuka ho jAtA hai ? dekho, jisakI kAmanA kI jAtI hai aura jo kAmanA karatA hai, vaha uttama (jaise-maiM); jo kAmanA nahIM karatA aura usakI kAmanA kI jAtI hai, vaha madhyama (jaise-Aryaputra); aura jo kisI kI kAmanA karatA hai aura usako kAmanA nahIM kI jAtI, vaha adhama; tathA na jisako kAmanA kI jAtI hai aura na vaha kisI kI kAmanA karatA hai, vaha nakecana puruSa haiM / inameM tuma nakecana kI zreNI meM Ate ho|' 3 gaNikAputrI kI kathA (a) vasudeva hiMDI : kAlindasenA gaNikA kI putrI suhiraNyA : zaMba buddhisena, jayasena aura sudAraka ke sAtha bar3A hone lgaa| eka bAra zaMba ko vAsudeva kRSNa ke pAdavaMdana ke lie lAyA gayA / kRSNa bAlaka ko khilAne lge| kAliMdasenA bhI apanI kanyA suhiraNyA ko kRSNa ke pAdavaMdana ke lie lAyI / vAsudeva ne pUchA-kAliMdasenA ! yaha tumhArI kanyA hai ? kAliMdasenA--jI mahArAja ! vAsudeva ne suhiraNyA ko kumAra zaMba ke pAsa chor3a dene ko kahA / donoM ne eka dUsare ko AliMgana kiyA / kRSNa ne mantrI kI ora dekhA / mantrI ne kahA- ThIka hI hai| kAliMdasenA bolI-~~-mahArAja ! yaha kaMcanapura ke adhipati hemAMgada kI kanyA hai, ise kumAra kI sevikA banAne kA anugraha kreN| kRSNa ne kauTuMbiyoM ko Adeza diyA--dekho, suhiraNyA merI putravadhU hai, kumAra kI bhA~ti isakI bhI saMbhAla karanA / zaMba ne buddhisena Adi mitroM ke sAtha kalAoM kI zikSA prApta kI / yuvAvasthA ko prApta hone para vaha dUsare vAsudeva ke samAna jAna par3ane lagA / kumAra dvArA dhAraNa kiye hue puSpazekhara ko buddhisena usase mA~gakara kahIM le jAtA / isI prakAra usake badale hue vastra tathA khAne se bace hue modakoM ko vaha anyatra le jAtA yaha kahakara ki vaha unheM khaayegaa| 1. yaH kAmyate ca kAmI ca sa pradhAnamahaM yathA / akAmI kAmyate yastu madhyo'sAvaryaputravat // yastu kAmayate kAMcidakAmAM so'dhamaH smRtaH / te nakecana bhaNyante ye na kAmyA na kAminaH / 2. pR0 98 bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha 10, 15-23, pR0 112

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127 eka bAra ratnakaraMDaka udyAna meM suhiraNya aura hiraNyA gaNikAputriyoM kA nRtya hone vAlA thA / zaMba apane mitroM ke sAtha ratha meM savAra ho udyAna meM pahu~cA / sudAraka usakA sArathi banA / mArga meM ratha kA pahiyA ThIka karane ke lie ratha ko khar3A kiyA / eka kanyA ne Akara kumAra ke mukuTa se laTakate hue phuMdoM ko apane donoM hAthoM se Upara kara diyA / udyAna meM pahu~ca hiraNyA aura suhiraNyA kA manohArI nRtya dekhA / zaMba ne hiraNyA kI ora isa prakAra dRSTipAta kiyA jaise kAmadeva rati kI ora karatA hai / tatpazcAt zaMba ne mitroM ke sAtha nagarI ke lie prasthAna kiyA / buddhisena ne hAtha meM pothI-pustaka lie hue puruSoM ko dekhA / Apasa meM ve kaha rahe the-- "deva kI AjJA hai ki dvArakA meM jitane mUrkha hoM aura jisane paMDita hoM, ina saba ke nAma likhakara bheje jAyeM / yaha buddhisena yadi ratha meM savAra ho jAtA hai to isakA nAma paMDitoM kI sUcI meM likhA jAyagA, anyathA mUrkho kI / " yaha sunakara buddhisena ratha para savAra ho gayA / mArga meM nayanAbhirAma dRzya dekhatA huA vaha Age bar3hA / Age calakara matta gaja para ArUr3ha eka mahAvata ne hAthI ko vaza meM rakha sakane kI asamarthatA batAte hue sArathi se ratha lauTAne kA anurodha kiyA / ratha gaNikAoM ke AvAsa meM se hokara gujarA / taruNoM ke IrSyA, praNayakopa aura prasAdana ke vacana sunate hue buddhisena ne eka toraNa yukta bhavana meM praveza kiyA / vahA~ dAsiyoM se parivRta eka kanyA dikhAyI dI / kanyA ne praNAmapUrvaka usakA svAgata kiyA aura usake padoM kA prakSAlana kara Asana para baiThAyA / bhogamAlinI paricArikA ko bulAyA gayA / vaha buddhisena ko garbhagRha meM le gayI / zayanArUr3ha hone para vaha usake pAdoM kA saMvAhana karane lagI / phira, usane vakSasthala ke saMvAhana karane kI icchA vyakta kI / buddhisena ne socA ki dAsI nipuNa jAna par3atI hai jo pAdoM kA saMvAhana kara vakSasthala kA saMvAhana karanA cAhatI hai / apane stanoM dvArA vaha vakSasthala kA saMvAhana karane lagI / hAthoM se saMvAhana karane kI apekSA stanasparza meM vizeSatA hotI hai / jisa prakAra hastinI hAthI ko rati karAtI hai, usI prakAra usane bhI karAI / buddhisena vahA~ bAra-bAra jAne lagA / 1. 2. 3. 8. bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha (10, 261) meM mukuTa ko Upara karane kA ullekha hai / tulanIya bRhatkathAlokasaMgraha 10, 271, pR0 135 tathA 11vAM sarga | vasudevahiMDI, pR0 101 / mUlapATha hai 'patta livAsaNahatthe' /

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128 hiraNyA bacapana se hI zabakumAra ko de dI gaI thii| krama se usane yauvanAvasthA ko prApta kiyA / vAsudeva kRSNa ne kAlindasenA ko usakI kanyA ko usake abhyantaropasthAna (garbhagRha) meM bhejane kA Adeza diyA / eka bAra vaha apanI mAtA ke sAtha calI / mAtA ke manA karane para bhI na mAnI / garbhagRha meM pahu~ca suhiraNyA ne gale meM phA~sI lagA lI / daivayoga se bhogamAlinI vahA~ upasthita thI / usane usakA rajjupAsa haTA diyaa| jaba vaha hoza meM AI to bhogamAlinI ne AtmaghAta karane kA kAraNa jAnanA cAhA / suhiraNyA ne uttara diyA- "bAlyAvasthA se hI maiM kumAra ko de dI gaI hU~ / bar3I hone para devopasthAna meM gaye hue kumAra ko kabhI-kabhI dekha letI thii| lekina aba to unake darzana bhI durlabha ho gaye haiM / " ye saba bAteM bhogamAlinI ne usakI mA~ se kahIM / usane mitroM, hastyArohakoM aura lekhakoM ke sAtha maMtraNA kI / tatpazcAt rathika, mahAvata aura lekhakoM ke sAtha zaMba ke vizvAsapAtra buddhisena ko kumAra ke pAsa bhejA gayA / buddhisena ne kumAra ko samajhAyA ki vaha suhiraNyA ko gaNikA kI putrI na samajhe, aura svIkAra karane meM koI doSa nahIM hai / ' gaNikAoM kI utpatti - pUrvakAla meM bharata maMDalapati rAjA thA / vaha ekapatnIvrata thaa| usake sAmaMtoM ne isake lie aneka kanyAe~ preSita kIM / mahArAnI ke sAtha prAsAda para baiThe hue rAjA ne unheM dekhA | mahArAnI ne prazna kiyAyaha kisakI senA calI A rahI hai ? rAjA ne uttara diyA- mere sAmantoMne mere lie kanyAe~ bhejI haiN| mahArAnI ne socA, anAgata kI hI cikitsA karanA ThIka hai, kahIM rAjA inameM se kisI se prema na karane lage ! usane kahA-- svAmi ! prAsAda se girakara maiM prANoM kA tyAga kara rahI hU~ / yadi inameM se kisI ne ghara meM paira rakhA to maiM zokAgni meM bhasma ho jAU~gI / rAjA ne kahA ki yadi aisI bAta hai to ghara meM inakA praveza na hogA / mahArAnI ne kahA-bAhara sabhAmaMDapa meM ye ApakI sevA meM upasthita raha sakatI haiM / kramazaH unheM gaNoM ke supurda kara diyA gyaa| taba se ye gaNikAe~ kahI jAne lagI / ' (A) bRhatthakathAzlokasaMgraha : kaliMgasenA gaNikA kI kanyA madanamaMjukA : kaliMgasenA ne rAjA ko dUra se dekhakara namaskAra kiyA / rAjA ne use AmaMtrita kiyaa| paryaMka ke madhya meM Akara vaha baiTha gayI / sundara vastrAbhUSaNoM se vaha 1. tulanIya bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha 11, 86 /

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129 sajjita thI (vrnnn)| usake nikaTa dasa varSa kI bAlikA baiThI huI thii| rAjA kI dRSTi usakI ora AkRSTa huI / vaha bhI rAjA ko mAno sahasra netroM se dekhane lagI (bAlikA kA vrnnn)| kaliMgasenA ne batAyA ki vaha usakI kanyA hai aura usakA nAma madanamaMjukA hai| rAjA ne use snehapUrvaka apane urU sthala para baiThAyA / usakI mAtA ko bahuta-se vastrAbhUSaNa pradAna kiye / madanamaMjukA bhI dIrdha aura uSNa nizvAsa chor3atI huI apane ghara calI gyii|' - naravAhanadatta jaba gomukha Adi mitroM ke sAtha ratha meM savAra hokara jA rahA thA to rAste meM lambakarNa, vinIta aura lambA cogA pahane, maSIpAtra lie, kAna meM lekhanI lagAye eka kAyastha milaa| usane kahA- "hamAre svAmI ne isa kSudra zvavRtti ko sauMpakara hameM mahAn kaSTa meM DAla diyA hai / usakA Adeza hai ki isa pRthavI para jitane vivekavAna zreSTha puruSa haiM aura jo vivekavAna nahIM haiM, una sabakI sUcI taiyAra kI jAye / " isa samaya do pustakeM hAtha meM lie hue usake dUsare sAthI ne naravAhanadatta kI ora uMgalI se izArA kiyA isa avivekI puruSa kA nAma pustaka meM likha lo yaha vinIta hone para bhI ratha meM savAra nahIM honA cAhatA; aura jo binA kahe ratha meM savAra ho jAtA hai, usakA nAma .vivekavAna puruSoM ke rajisTara meM likho| yaha sunakara naravAhanadatta zIghra hI ratha meM savAra ho gayA / Age calane para eka hAthI milA / sArathi ne mahAvata se kahA ki vaha ratha ke sAmane se hAthI ko haTA le / usane uttara diyA-tumhIM apane ratha ko eka tarapha haTA lo, maiM ise tAr3anA nahIM cAhatA / naravAhanadatta ne sArathi se kahA ki yadi mahAvata(aghoraNa) hAthI ko nahIM haTAtA to tuma apane ratha ko eka tarapha kara lo| Age calakara vaNikpatha dikhAyI diyA / ramya prAsAda kI paMktiyA~ dikhAI par3IM / mada se unmatta pramadAe~ puruSoM ke sAtha vividha prakAra kI krIDAe~ kara rahI thiiN| viTazAstrakA adhyayana kiyA jA rahA thA / sArathi ne naravAhanadatta ko vezyAlaya meM praveza kraayaa| naravAhanadatta ne 1. 7. 4-17, pR. 83-6 2. vasudevahiMDI meM 'pattalivAsaNahatthe purise' hai| 3. vasudevahiMDI (pR. 102) meM 'aviheo me gao' aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM 'vihantuM necchAmi' pATha hai / vasudevahiMDI kI kAlindasenA aura suhiraNyakA kramazaH kaliMgasenA aura madanamaMjukA bana gaI haiN| 4. vasudevahiMDI (pR0 102) aura bRhatkathAzloka. donoM meM isI zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 17

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sArathi ko ratha lauTAkara le calane ko kahA / lekina sArathi ne uttara diyA ki bhaya kI bAta nahIM; yaha koI mAtaMgoM kA mohallA nahIM hai ? aura kisI cIja ke dekhane mAtra se koI doSa kA bhAmI nahIM ho jAtA / Age bar3hane para eka unnata maMdira dikhAI par3A / sundara AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karane vAlI aneka kanyAoM ne ratha ko ghera liyaa| eka kanyA ne nasvAhanadatta ko nikaTa Ane kA AmaMtraNa diyaa| sArathi ne praNayIjana ke praNaya ko saphala karane ke lie naravAhanadatta se usa gRha meM praveza karane kA anurodha kiyaa| tatpazcAt jaise koI jaMgalI hAthI zrRMkhalA dvArA pakar3a liyA jAtA hai usI prakAra nasvAhanadatta maNikAoM dvArA pakar3a liyA gayA / pahale kakSa meM usane nAgakanyA ko, dUsare meM zivikA ko, tIsare meM azkoM ko, cauthe meM pakSiyoM ke paMjaramaMDala ko, pAMcaveM meM bividha AkAra vAle suvarNa tAratAmroM ko, chaThe meM dhUpAnulepana se mlAna hue vastra-paridhAna ko, sAtaveM meM paTTa, kauzeyaka dukula vastra ko AThaveM meM maNimuktA ke chedana Adi saMskAroM ko dekhA / suvarNakuNDala dhAraNa karane vAlI kiyoM ne naravAhanadatta se nivedana kiyA ki usake caraNa-kamaloM se unakA ghara pavitra ho gayA hai / prAsAda meM pahu~ca naravAhanadatta anupama guNoM se yukta eka sundara kanyA ke anupama saundarya ko dekhakara mUrchita ho gayA / usake diye hue Asana para vaha baiTha gyaa| usake anya mitra bhI usake sAtha the / kanyA ke prazna karane para naravAhanadatta ne batAyA ki vaha svayaM gajanIti aura gAMdharvajJAna meM, harizikha daNDanIti meM, marubhUtika zAstrajJAna meM tathA tapantaka ratha Adi yAnavidyAoM meM kuzala hai / isa gaNikAkanyA kI ora naravAhanadatta kA AkarSaNa na huA / anya gaNikAoM ko bhI usane tuccha samajhA / itane meM rUpadevatA kI bhA~ti eka anya gaNikA upasthita huii| usane biche hue paryaMka kI zaraNa grahaNa kara ratha-saMkSobhajanya kheda ko dUra karane kA anurodha kiyaa| naravAhanadatta ke pAyaMto baiThakara apane hAthoM se vaha usake pAda saMvAhaNa karane lagI / kucha kSaNoM bAda usane kahA--Apako vakSasthala meM bhI thakAna kA anubhava hotA hogA, AjJA ho to yaha dAsI thakAna dUra kare / naravAhanadatta ne socA ki usake pAdatala kA sparza kara apane hAthoM se vaha aba usake vakSasthala kA sparza karanA cAhatI hai / naravAhanadatta ke abhiprAya ko samajha gaNikA ne kahA- kauna mUrkha tumhAre vakSasthala ko hAthoM se sparza karanA cAhegA ? stha ke saMkSobha se utpanna vakSasthala kI thakAna dUra karane ke lie stanotpIDitaka-saMvAhana sabase zreSTha batAyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt sakaMpabhAva se vaha apane stana yukta ura se naravAhanadatta ke vakSasthala kA saMvAhana karane lgii| naravAhanadatta krIr3Aghara se bAhara

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131 nikalA / vahA~ pahale vAlI kanyA milI / usane kahA-yaha ghara ApakA hI hai, Ate rahie / gaNikAoM kI utpatti-rAjA bharata ne samudraparyaMta milane vAlI kAntAoM ko ekatra kara, ekAnta meM una sabake sAtha vivAha kiyaa| lekina jisa strI kA sarvaprathama usane pANigrahaNa kiyA, usI se vaha saMtuSTa ho gyaa| zeSa ko ATha gaNoM ke supurda kara diyaa| pratyeka gaNa meM pramukha strI ko rAjA ne Asana, chatra aura cAmara kI anujJA pradAna kii| jo gaNoM meM anyoM se mahAnatama thIM unheM mahAgaNikA zabda se sambodhita kiyA gayA / gaNamukhya gaNikAoM ke eka gaNa meM kaliMgasenA utpanna huI / madanamaMjukA usI kI kanyA hai / madanamaMjukA kI kahAnI--eka dina apanI mAtA kaliMgasenA ko rAjakula meM jAtI dekha madanamaMjukA ne bhI jAne ke lie bAra-bAra anurodha kiyA / kanyA kA bahuta Agraha dekha, use AbharaNoM se sajjita kara vaha rAjadarabAra meM le gayI / vahA~ se lauTa Ane para usake kapola, nayana aura adharoM meM saMtoSa dikhAyI diyaa| apanI sakhiyoM ke bIca baiThakara vaha rAjadarabAra kI kathAe~ sunAtI / apanI mAtA ko rAjadarabAra meM jAtI dekha vaha bhI jAne ke lie udyata ho gyii| mAtA ne samajhAyA--beTI ! rAjAjJA ke binA vahA~ jAnA ThIka nahIM, kyoMki rAjA loga kSINasnehI aura kaThora hote haiN| mAtA ke vacana sunakara vaha ghara lauTa AI / nidrA aura bhojana kA tyAgakara usane zaiyA kI zaraNa grahaNa kii| nIMda kA bahAnA kara apanI sakhiyoM ko usane bidA kara diyA / vaha rAjakula kI tarapha mu~ha kara, aMjali bA~dha, janmAntara meM vahA~ kI vadhU banane kI abhilASA karane lagI / gale meM dukUla pAza bA~dha usane apane Apako khUTI para laTakA diyA / mudrikAlatikA ne jaldI se usakA vaha kAlapAza haTA diyaa| zayanIya para liTAkara paMkhe se havA kI jisase vaha hoza meM A gayI / usane batAyA ki jaba vaha rAjakula meM gayI thI to rAjA ne use AdarapUrvaka apane dakSiNa uru para baiThAyA thA, usake vAma uru para rAjakumAra AsIna thA / merI najara rAjakumAra para par3I aura vaha mere hRdaya meM baiTha gyaa| tabhI se nirdhUma agni mere antastala meM prajvalita ho rahI hai| mere dukha kA yahI kAraNa hai / mudrikAlatikA ne usakI mAtA ke pAsa pahuMcakara yaha samAcAra sunAyA / upAya socA gayA-rAjakumAra ke parama mitra gomukha' ko vezyAlaya meM praveza karAyA jAya, jahA~ vaha rAjakumAra ko bhI sAtha lekara aayegaa| 1. vasudevahiMDI meM buddhisena hai /

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132 svayaM naravAhanadatta ne madanamaMjukA ke pAsa jAkara use DhAr3hasa baMdhAyA aura kahA ki rAjakumAra svayaM zIghra hI upasthita ho use praNAma karegA / naravAnadatta kumAravATikA meM pahu~ca vahA~ se ucchiSTa modaka' Adi lekara lauTA / usase kahA ki rAjakumAra ne apane hAtha ke modaka usake lie bheje haiN| lekina madanamaMjukA ko vizvAsa na huA / mudrikAlatikA ne naravAhanadatta se kahA ki mahAnAgaraka hokara bhI Apa usa bicArI ko ThaganA cAhate haiM !" madanamaMjukAlAbha nAmaka 11 veM sarga meM madanamaMjukA kA rAjakumAra ke sAtha milApa ho jAtA hai| 4. zreSThIputra kI kathA (a) vasudevahiMDI : cArudatta kI kathA : zramaNopAsaka bhAnU nAmaka zreSThI kI bhAryA kA nAma bhadrA thaa| usake koI saMtAna nahIM thii| eka bAra AkAzacArI cAru nAmaka anagAra kA Agamana huaa| bhadrA ne hAtha jor3akara vinaya kI mahArAja ! hama logoM ke dhana kI kamI nahIM, lekina usakA bhogane vAlA koI putra nahIM hai| samaya vyatIta hone para bhadrA ne putra ko janma diyA / cAru muni ke kathana se vaha paidA huA thA, isalie usakA nAma rakkhA gayA cArudatta / cArudatta bar3A huA / usake pA~ca mitra the-harizikha, varAha, gomukha, tapaMtaka aura marubhUtika / usane kalAoM kI zikSA grahaNa kii| mitroM ke sAtha vaha samaya vyatIta karane lgaa| eka bAra kaumudI mahotsava ke samaya zreSThIputra cArudatta harizikha, varAha, gomukha, tapaMtaka aura marubhUti nAmaka apane mitroM ko lekara aMgamaMdira udyAna meM pahu~cA / vahA~ se saba rajatavAlukA nadI ke kinAre Aye / marubhUti ne nadI meM utara kara cArudatta se kahA--tuma kyoM nahIM Ate ? kyoM vilaMba kara rahe ho ? gomukha ne uttara diyA-vaidyoM kA kahanA hai ki rAstA calakara ekadama nadI ke jala meM praveza nahIM karanA cAhie / saba loga kamalapatroM ko tor3akara svacchanda bhAva se patracchedya se krIr3A karane lage / krIr3A karate-karate dUsare nadI strota para 1. vasudevahiMDI meM 'bhuttasese modake' pATha hai / 2. 10. 38-274 3. aisa. aina. dAsaguptA ne madanamaMjukA ke prema ko utkRSTa koTikA batAte hue usakI tulanA mRcchakaTika kI vasantasenA ke sAtha kI hai| hisTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara, klAsika pIriyaDa, pR0 100 5. bRhatkathA lokasaMgraha 18-4-10 ke anusAra, sAnudAsa caMpA nivAsI mitravarmA nAmaka vaNika aura usakI bhAryA mitravatI kA putra thA / eka dina sAnu nAmaka digambaramuni bhikSA ke lie Aye / unhoMne RSabhabhASita dharma kA upadeza diyaa| bhAvI putra ke utpanna hone kI unhoMne bhaviSyavANI kI / sAnu muni ke Adeza se putrotpatti hone ke kAraNa putra kA nAma sAnudAsa rakhA / vasudevahiMDI pR0 133-34

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133 pahu~ca gaye / gomukha ne done ke AkAra ke padmapatra ko jala meM tairA diyaa| isameM thor3I reta DAlI, aura yaha nAva kI bhA~ti tairane lagA / marubhUti ne dUsarA padmapatra liyA aura usameM bahuta-sA reta bhara diyA / bhArI hone se padmapatra kI yaha nAva DUba gyii| saba mitra haMsane lge| usane dUsarA padmapatra jala meM DAlA / lekina pravAha kI zIghratA ke kAraNa nAva ke jaldI calane se gomukha jIta gayA / panapatra kI nAva bahuta dUra calI gyii| pulinataTa para, mahAvara se raMge kisI yuvatI ke padacihna dekhakara marubhUti ko Azcarya huaa| gomukha-isameM Azcarya kI kauna bAta ? aise jalapradeza aneka ho sakate haiM ? marubhUti--are, yaha dekho, do pairoM ke nizAna ! / gomukha--isameM kyA huA ? hamAre calane-phirane se bhI to pairoM ke saikar3oM nizAna bana jAte haiM ! . marubhUti -lekina bhaI, hamAre pairoM ke nizAna to Age-pIche pairoM ke rakhane se banate haiM, aura ye nizAna bIca-bIca meM TUTe haiM ! patA nahIM lagatA, kahA~ se zurU hue haiM aura kahA~ inakA aMta huA hai ! jarA dhyAna se dekho ! harizikha--isameM kyA ? koI puruSa nadI taTa para khar3e hue vRkSa para car3ha, eka zAkhA se dUsarI zAkhA para pahu~ca gayA aura jaba usane dekhA ki vaha zAkhA komala haiM, to usapara se vaha kUda par3A aura phira se vRkSa para car3ha gyaa| gomukha-(kucha vicAra kara) yaha nahIM ho sakatA / yadi vaha vRkSa ke Upara se kUdA hotA to usake hAtha-paira ke saMgharSa ke kAraNa nIce gire hue phUla aura patte nadItaTa para aura jala meM bikhara jAte / harizikha--to phira ye paira kisake hone cAhie ? gomukha-kisake kyA ? kisI AkAzagAmI ke hoNge| harizikha-AkAzagAmI ke kisake ? kisI deva ke ? kisI rAkSasa ke ? cAraNa muni ke ? yA phira kisI RdvidhArI RSi ke ? gomukha-devoM ke to isalie nahIM ho sakate ki ve bhUmi se cAra aMgula Upara vihAra karate haiM / rAkSasoM kA zarIra sthUla hone ke kAraNa unake paira bhI

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G bar3e hote haiM / pizAca jalamaya pradeza se Darate haiM / ' RddhidhArI RSiyoM ke kRzagAtra hone ke kAraNa unake pairoM kA madhyabhAga uThA huA hotA hai / cAraNa muni jalacara jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie jalavAle pradeza meM paribhramaNa karate nahIM / harizikha - to ye phira kisake haiM ? kisI ke to hoMge ? gomukha --- kisI vidyAdhara ke / harizikha - vidyAdharI ke kyoM nahIM ? gomukha -- puruSa balavAna hotA hai, vaha utsAha se gamana karatA hai / usakA vakSasthala vizAla hone ke kAraNa jaba vaha calatA hai to usake paira Age se kucha dabe hote haiM / striyoM ke nitaMba bhArI hone se calate samaya unake paira pIche se dabe hote haiM / isalie ye paira vidyAdharI ke nahIM ho sakate / 1 gomukha -- lagatA hai, vaha vidyAdhara koI bojha liye hue thA / harizikha -kaunasA bojha ? kisI parvata kA ? vRkSa kA ? athavA pakar3akara lAye hue aparAdhI zatru kA ? gomukha - yadi yaha bhAra parvata kA hotA to parvata ke bojha ke kAraNa usake paira reta meM dhaMsa gaye hote / yadi vRkSa kA hotA to nadI taTa para dUra taka phailI huI zAkhAoM ke cihna bane hote / aura phira aise ramaNIka sthAna para kisI zatru ko koI lAyegA hI kyoM ? harizikha- - to phira yaha bojha kisakA ho sakatA hai ? gomukha ---- kisI strI kA ? harizikha - lekina strI kA isalie saMbhava nahIM ki vidyAdhariyA~ AkAzagAminI hotI haiM / gomukha - vidyAdhara kI yaha priyA bhUmigocarI thI / usake sAtha vaha ramamI sthAnoM meM vihAra kiyA karatA thA / harizikha-yadi vaha usakI priyA thI to usane use vidyAe~ kyoM nahIM sikhAyIM ? gomukha- - vaha IrSyAlu thA / sandehazIla hone ke kAraNa vaha socatA thA ki vidyAe~ prApta kara kahIM vaha svacchandAcArI na ho jAye / harizikha- - kaise jAnate ho ki vaha vidyAdharI nahIM thI ? 1. yakSa. rAkSasa aura pizAcoM kA prabhAva dina meM sUrya ke teja se parAbhUta ho jAtA hai / jahA~ devatAoM aura brAhmaNoM kA samucita rUpa se pUjana nahIM kiyA jAtA aura bhraSTa rUpa se bhojana kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ ye prabala ho jAte haiM / jahA~ nirAmiSa bhojI athavA satI-sAdhvI strI rahatI hai, vahA~ ve nahIM jAte, tathA pavitra, zUra aura prabuddha vyaktiyoM ko nahIM cher3ate / kathAsaritsAgara (1. 7. 32-7 )

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gomukha-striyoM kA adhobhAga bhArI hotA hai aura bAyeM hasta se praNaya ceSTA karane meM ve dakSa hotI haiN| isase usakA bAyA~ paira kucha Upara uTha gayA haiN| harizikha ... yadi strI usake sAtha thI to usake sAtha ramaNa kiye binA vaha kaise calA gayA ? gomukha-prakAza hone ke kAraNa jala se ghire hue isa pradeza ko usane rati ke yogya nahIM samajhA / aura pairoM ke avikIrNa hone se lagatA hai ki vaha kahIM pAsa meM hI honA cAhie / yaha pradeza atyanta ramaNIya hai, ise chor3akara bhalA vaha kahA~ jA sakatA hai| calo, usake padacihnoM se usakA patA lagAyeM / kucha dUra calane para cAra paira dikhAyIM dete haiM / gomukha-dekho, pAyala ke agrabhAga se cihnita ye paira kisI strI ke jAna par3ate haiM / puruSa ke paira alaga dikhAyI de rahe haiM / kucha dUra calane para unheM bhramaroM se Acchanna saptaparNa kA vRkSa dikhAyI diyA / gomukha-dekho, yahA~ Akara strI ne vRkSa kI zAkhA para lagA huA puSpa guccha dekhA / use na pA sakane ke kAraNa usane apane priyatama se gucche ko tor3akara dene kA anurodha kiyA / cArudatta-yaha tumane kaise jAnA ? gomukha--yaha dekho, puSpaguccha kI icchA karatI huI, er3I binA, strI ke paira dikhAyI de rahe haiM / aura jAnate ho vidyAdhara laMbA thA, isalie binA vizeSa prayatna ke hI usane puSpaguccha ko tor3a liyA / taTa para usake abhinna rekhAvAle ye paira dikhAyI de rahe haiN| lekina isa gucche ko usane apanI priyA ko nahIM diyaa| aura lagatA hai, unheM yahA~ se gaye hue bahuta samaya nahIM huA hai| kyoMki puSpaguccha ke abhI hAla meM tor3e hue hone ke kAraNa, puSpa kI DaMThala meM rasa Tapaka rahA hai| harizikha-ThIka hai, puSpaguccha ko abhI tor3A gayA hogaa| lekina yaha kaise jAnA ki use vidyAdhara ne apanI priyA ko nahIM diyA / priyA ke mAMgame para to denA hI cAhie thaa| momukha-kAma praNaya se caMcala ho uThatA hai / lagatA hai ki usa strI ne apane priyatama se pahale kisI cIja kI yAcanA nahIM kI / ataeva apanI priyA ko yAcanA se caMcala dekha, vidyAdhara ko bar3A acchA lagA / vaha bhI 'do nA, priya do nA' kahatI huI usake cAroM ora phirakI kI bhA~ti phirane lgii| yaha

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136 dekho, vidyAdhara ke pairoM ke cAroM ora usake paira dikhAyI de rahe haiM / cArusvAmI ! isase vaha avidyAdharI kupita ho gayI / harizikha --- isa bAta kA patA kaise lagA ? gomukha -- yaha dekho, krodha ke Aveza meM uThe hue usake astavyasta paira / aura dekho isake pAsa hI ye paira vidyAdhara ke haiM jo usake pIche-pIche cala rahA hai / yaha dekho, jaldI-jaldI rakkhI huI usakI padapaMkti usakA mArga roka rahI hai / aura dekho, vaha avidyAdharI apanI ha~sI rokakara idhara se gayI aura udhara se vApisa lauTI / usake gussA ho jAne para vidyAdhara ne vaha puSpaguccha use de diyA / lekina usane puSpaguccha ko pheMkakara vidyAdhara kI chAtI para mArA | aura jAnate ho usake krodha ke sAtha hI vaha guccha bhI bikhara gayA ! yaha dekhakara vidyAdhara apanI priyA ke pairoM meM gira par3A / yahA~ usake pairoM ke samIpa vidyAdhara ke mukuTa se dabA huA reta dikhAyI de rahA hai / basa phira kyA thA ? sukumAra gusse vAlI usakI priyA jaldI hI prasanna ho gayI / yaha dekho, nadItaTa para bhramaNa karate hue una donoM ke paira ! cArusvAmI ! aura sunie, jaba vaha vidyAdhara ke mukha para apanI dRSTi gar3AyI huI thI to usake paira meM kaMkar3I cubha gayI / vidyAdhara ne jaldI se usakA paira Upara uThA liyA / vedanA ke kAraNa usane vidyAdhara ke kandhe kA sahArA liyA / yaha dekho, yaha eka paira avidyAdharI kA hai aura ye do vidyAdhara ke / vidyAdhara ne usake paira meM se khUna se gIlA huA reta nikAla kara pheMka diyA / harizikha --- jise tuma khUna kaha rahe ho, kahIM vaha mahAvara to nahIM ? gomukha- -bhaI, mahAvara kA rasa kar3avA hotA hai; usa para makkhiyA~ nahIM baiThatI / yaha to hAla ke lage hue ghAva meM se durgaMdhi-yukta, madhura aura mA~sa meM se Tapakane vAlA khUna hai, isalie isa para makkhiyA~ bhinabhinA rahI haiM / cArusvAmI ! aura phira vaha vidyAdhara use apanI bAhuoM meM bharakara le gayA / harizikha --- yaha kaise patA calA ? gomukha -- dekho, strI ke paira yahA~ dikhAyI nahIM dete jabaki puruSa ke paira sApha dikhAyI de rahe haiM / tathA cArusvAmI ! merA khyAla hai ki vaha vidyAdhara apanI premikA ke sAtha sAmane ke latAghara meM hogaa| Aie, hama yahIM Thahara jAyeM / ekAMta vAsa karate hue unheM dekhanA ThIka nahIM /

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kucha samaya pazcAt latAgRha meM se apanI sahacarI ke sAtha eka mo ra bAhara niklaa| gomukha-cArusvAmI ! dekhie, isa latAgRha meM vidyAdhara nahIM hai / harizikha-aba taka to kahate A rahe the ki apanI priyA ke sAtha vidyAdhara isa latAgRha ke andara hai, aba kahane lage nahIM hai / gomukha-dekho, yaha mora niHzaMka hokara andara se nikalA hai| yadi koI manuSya andara hotA to vaha aisA nahIM karatA / gomukha ke vacana ko pramANa mAna, cArudatta ne apane mitroM ke sAtha latAgRha meM praveza kiyA to vahA~ thor3I dera pahale uparyukta kusumoM kI zaiyA dekhI / gomukha-vidyAdhara ko yahA~ se gaye hue bahuta samaya nahIM huA hai / ye usake jAne ke paira dikhAyI de rahe haiM / vaha yahA~ avazya lauTakara AyegA / yaha dekho, vRkSa kI zAkhA meM laTakA huA cIte ke camar3e se banA huA usakA kozaratna (thailI) aura khaDga dikhAI de rahe haiM / inheM lene vaha avazya AyegA / vidyAdhara ke padacihnoM ko dekhate hue gomukha ne kahA-~-cArusvAmI! yaha vidyAdhara kisI mahAn saMkaTa meM par3a gayA mAlUma hotA hai / patA nahIM vaha jItA bhI hai yA nahIM ? cArusvAmI--kyoM ? gomukha-kyA tuma ina do aura pairoM ko nahIM dekhate ? patA nahIM lagatA ki ye paira kahA~ se Aye haiM, tathA pRthvI para se AkAza meM ur3a jAne ke kAraNa reta ur3I huI jAna par3atI hai / lagatA hai yahA~ isa vidyAdhara ko kisI ne girA diyA hai| yaha dekho, use khIMcakara nIce DAlane se usake zarIra kI AkRti banI huI hai / yahA~ strI ke paira bhI nIce par3e hue dikhAyI de rahe haiN| Aie, hama loga ina padacihnoM kA anukaraNa karate hue Age bddh'eN| ____ Age calane para idhara-udhara bikhare hue AbhUSaNa tathA vAyu se prakaMpita pIle raMga kA kSauma vastra dikhAyI diyA / gomukha-cArasvAmI ! jaba yaha vidyAdhara nizcita bhAva se baiThA huA thA to kisI zatru ne usapara AkramaNa kiyaa| bhUmigocarI hone ke kAraNa usakI bhAryA kisI prakAra kA pratikAra karane meM asamartha thI / cArudatta ne marubhUti ko kSauma vastra, AbhUSaNa, carmaratna aura khaDga uThAkara le calane ko kahA jisase ki vidyAdhara kI vastue~ use vApisa lauTAI jA skeN| 18

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138 Age calane para sahI ke bila meM laTakate hue bAla dikhAyI par3e / gomukha ne harizikha se unheM sUMghane ko kahA / sUMghane para patA lagA ki unakI gaMdha sthira hai aura garmI meM rahane ke kAraNa unameM se sugaMdha kI mAno varSA ho rahI hai| gomukha ------cArusvAmI jo koI dIrghAyu hotA hai, usake kezoM aura vastroM meM aisI sugaMdha hotI hai / yaha vidyAdhara dIrghAyu aura uttama jAna par3atA hai / yaha rAjyAbhiSeka kA adhikArI honA cAhie / Age bar3hane para dekhA ki vaha vidyAdhara kadaMba vRkSa para pA~ca lohe kI kIloM se baMdhA huA par3A hai-- eka kIla usake kapAla meM, do hAthoM meM aura do usake pairoM meM / lekina phira bhI usake mukha kI kAMti meM koI aMtara nahIM dikhAyI par3A, usake zarIra kI chavi saumya thI, hAthoM aura pairoM meM se rakta nahIM baha rahA thA, aura tIvra vedanA hone para bhI usakA zvAsocchvAsa maMda nahIM par3A thA / usake carmaratna ko kholakara dekhA to usameM cAra auSadhiyA~ maujUda thIM / eka se zalyoM ko nikAlA (vizalyakaraNI ) dUsarI se jilAyA (saMjIvanI) aura tIsarI se ghAvoM ko acchA kiyA (saMrohaNI ) / vizalyakaraNI auSadhi ko usake kapAla meM cupar3ane se kapAla meM ThokI huI kIla bAhara nikalakara gira par3I / phira usake donoM hAtha aura pairoM ko chuDAyA / pItAmbara yukta kadalIdala ke patra para use sulAyA / usake ghAvoM meM saMrohaNI chir3akI / kadalIpatroM kI vAyu aura jalakaNoM dvArA use hoza meM lAyA gayA / hoza meM Ate hI vidyAdhara ekadama daur3akara cillAne lagA- - are durAcArI dhUmasiMha ! Thahara ! tU bhAgakara kahA~ jAyagA ? lekina vahA~ koI na thA, isalie vyartha hI garjanA karane ke kAraNa vaha lajjita hokara baiTha gayA / tatpazcAt sarovara maiM snAna kara usane vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa kiye / cArudatta aura usake sAthiyoM ke samIpa Akara vaha kahane lagA- are ! mujhe mere zatru ne bAMdha diyA thA, mujhe kisane chur3AyA ? gomukha ne uttara diyA - hamAra mitra ibhyaputra cArusvAmI ne / tatpazcAta vidyAdhara ne apanI rAmakahAnI sunAI. --

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merA nAma amitagati hai--zivamaMdira nagara kA nivAsI, pitA maheMdra vikrama, mAtA suyazA / eka bAra dhUmasiMha aura gaurIpuMDa nAmaka apane mitroM ke sAtha vaitADhya parvata kI talahaTI meM sumukha nAmaka Azrama meM gayA / vahA~ merA mAmA kSatriya RSi hiraNyaloma tApasa rahatA thaa| usake anurodha para usakI rUpavatI kanyA sukumAlikA ke sAtha maiMne vivAha kara liyA / vaha kabhI svacchaMdAcArI na bana jAye, isalie maiMne use vidyAoM kI zikSA nahIM dii| dhUmasiMha merI anupasthiti meM sukumAlikA ko bahakAne kA prayatna karatA / vaha mujhase saba bAta kahatI lekina maiM vizvAsa na karatA, yadyapi merA mana zaMkita ho gayA thaa| eka bAra kI bAta hai, snAna Adi karane ke pazcAt merI patnI aura dhUmasiMha mere keza saMvAra rahe the| mere hAtha meM darpaNa thaa| dhUmasiMha hAtha jor3akara merI patnI se anunaya-vinaya kara rahA thA / darpaNa sAmane hone se mujhe patA cala gyaa| krodha meM Akara maiMne dhUmasiMha ko lalakArA--yahI terI mitratA hai ! yahA~ se bhAga jA nahIM to mAra DAlU~gA / dhUmasiMha vahA~ se calA gayA / use phira maiMne nahIM dekhA / Aja maiM apanI patnI ke sAtha isa sundara nadI taTa para AyA / nIce utarane para isa sthAna ko maiMne rati ke yogya nahIM samajhA, isalie vahA~ se calA aayaa| tatpazcAt praNayakopa aura prasAdana ke ramaNIya prasaMgoM se lagAkara latAgRha se bAhara Ane taka sArI kahAnI sunA dii| vidyArahita sthiti meM, mere zatru dhUmasiMha ne mujhe bAMdha liyA aura vilApa karatI huI sukumAlikA ko vaha uThAkara le gayA / aba tuma logoM ne apanI buddhi aura auSadhi ke prabhAva se mujhe jIvita kiyA hai / ataeva cArusvAmI ! Apa mere baMdhu haiM / AjJA dIjie, Apa logoM kI kyA sevA karU~ ? mujhe zIghra hI jAne kI AjJA deM / maiM jAkara apanI patnI kI rakSA karU~gA, kahIM vaha mere jIvana kI nirAzA se apane prANoM ko tyAga na de| itanA kahakara amitagati vahA~ se calA gyaa|' (A) bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha : sAnudAsa kI kathAH gomukha sarojapatra ko apane nAkhUnoM se chedane lgaa| patracchedya ko nadI ke jala meM tairA diyaa| tatpazcAt gomukha ne patracchedya ke lakSaNa pratipAdita kiye (vyastra, caturastra, dIrgha aura vRtta / 1. pR0 133-40

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140 marUbhUtika ne ekadama Akara kahA-Aryaputra ! kitanA bar3A Azcarya hai ? dekhA Apane ? harizikha--kUpa ke kacchapa ke samAna moTI buddhi vAle tuma jaisoM ko saba jagaha Azcarya hI-Azcarya dikhAyI detA hai / isapara marubhUtika ne uMce pulina ke darzana kraaye| harizikha ne ha~sa kara kahA- usa cakSuvAn puruSa ko namaskAra hai jise pulina bhI AzcaryakArI lagatA hai! jala nIce se bahatA hai aura jo retIlA sthAna hai, vaha pulina bana jAtA hai yadi isameM koI Azcarya lagatA hai to he mUrkha ! tere jala meM kaunasA doSa huA ? marUbhUti--are bhaI ! pulina ko kauna AzcaryakArI kahatA hai| pulina para jo AzcaryakArI hai, use bhI to jarA dekho| harizikha-pulina para reta hai, aura kyA ? kyA reta kA honA bhI Azcarya hai ? yaha sunakara gomukha bolA-are ! bhadramukha marUbhUtika kA kyoM majAka ur3Ate ho ? pulina para maiMne bhI do paira dekhe haiN| harizikha-yadi do pairoM kA dekhanA Azcarya kahA jA sakatA hai to caturdaza koTi padoM kA dekhanA to aura bhI Azcarya kI bAta hogI / gomukha-eka ke pIche eka par3e hue koTi padoM kA dekhanA koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM, lekina ina donoM pairoM meM anukrama nahIM hai, yahI Azcarya hai| __ harizikha- ho sakatA hai ki pairoM ke zeSa cihnoM ko hAtha se miTA diyA gayA ho / nadI taTa para khar3e hue vRkSa kI jo zAkhA pulina taka A rahI hai, saMbhavataH use pakar3a koI nAgaraka Upara car3hakara phira nIce utara AyA ho / usI ke ye paira hoNge| gomukha--lekina dUra taka phaile hue pattoM vAlI zAkhA ko par3akara yadi vaha Upara car3hakara nIce utarA hotA to pRthavI pattoM se AkIrNa ho jAtI / harizikha---to phira ye paira kisake hoMge ? gomukha-kisI divya puruSa ke hone cAhie ? harizikha--divya puruSa ke kisake ? gomukha-dekho, kisI deva ke to isalie nahIM ho sakate ki ve pRthivI kA sparza nahIM karate / yakSa aura rAkSasa sthUla zarIra hote haiM, yadi ye paira unake

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141 hote to pulina para andara taka dhaMsa jAte / tapa ke kAraNa kRza zarIra vAle siddhoM aura RSiyoM ke pairoM kI uMgaliyAM spaSTa dikhAyI nahIM par3atIM / ataeva ye paira kisI manuSya ke hI ho sakate haiN| puruSoM ke paira Age se aura striyoM ke pIche se dabe hue hote haiM / aura dekho lagatA hai ki jisa puruSa ke ye paira haiM vaha koI bhAra uThAye huA thA / harizikha -- vaha kaunasA bhAra uThAye thA ? kisI zilA kA ? vRkSa kA ? athavA kisI zatru kA vaha bhAra thA ? gomukha -- dekho, yadi vaha bhAra zilA kA hotA to usake paira aMdara taka dha~sa gaye hote / yadi vRkSa kA hotA to pRthvI para patte phaila gaye hote / zatru kA bhAra isalie nahIM ki itane ramaNIya sthAna para kauna zatru ko lekara AyegA / ataeva asiddha vidyAvAlI vidyAdharI kA hI yaha bhAra hai / vidyAdhara ne usake jaghana para apanA dakSiNa hAtha rakkhA jisase usa kAmI vidyAdhara kA dakSiNa paira andara calA gayA / tuma usake sira se gire hue mAlatI ke puSpoM se avakIrNa sthAna ko nahIM dekha rahe ho ? idhara-udhara dekhane se jala ke samIpa anyatra bhI strI-puruSa ke paira dikhAyI diye / gomukha ne kahA- - vaha nAgaraka yahIM kahIM honA cAhie | harizikha - kyoM ? gomukha -- dUsare ke cittAnuvRtti aura apane citta ke nigraha ko nAgarakatA kahA gayA hai / ataeva maMthara gati se gamana karatI huI kAminI kA atikramaNa karake vaha nahIM jA sakatA / unake pAdacihnoM kA anugamana karate hue ve Age bar3he / bhramaroM se guMjAyamAna saptaparNa ko unhoMne dekhA / isa vRkSa ke nIce una donoM ke ekAnta vihAra karate samaya jo kucha bItA usakA varNana gomukha ne kiyA / gomukha -- yahA~ vidyAdhara kI patnI jaba kupita ho gayI to vidyAdhara ne use prasanna kiyA / kusumavAle pallavoM dvArA nirmita isa bistara ko dekho / zrAnta hokara vaha yahA~ baiTha gayI / usake jaghana ke saMcaraNa se pallava jarjarita ho gaye / vidyAdhara ne gurutrika hAtha meM le jaghana meM sthApita kiyA aura use lagA ki mAno yaha pRthvI usake caraNoM meM lauTa rahI hai !

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142 vahA~ se vaha uThakara calI gyii| Aie, una donoM ke padacihnoM kA anugamana karate hue Age bddh'eN| una donoM ne kAminiyoM ke ramya sthAna, candra, sUrya, agni aura vAyu se aspRSTa mAdhavI latA ke kuMja meM praveza kiyA / pracchanna evaM ramaNIya isa sthAna ko chor3akara vaha kaise jA sakatA thA ? sukhapUrvaka AsIna unakA darzana karanA ucita nahIM, isalie Aie, hama loga yahIM Thahara jAyeM / tatpazcAt latAgRha ko dekhakara sira hilAkara gomukha ne kahA-vaha kAmI yahA~ nahIM hai| harizikha-abhI to kahate the vaha hai, aba kahate ho nahIM ! gomukha-kyA tuma andhe ho jo mAdhavI latAgRha se nirbhayatApUrvaka mUka bhAva se nikalate hue zikhaNDimithuna ko tumane nahIM dekhA ? yadi koI andara hotA to vaha Artasvara karatA huA ur3akara vRkSoM ke kuJja meM chipa jAtA / dekho, yaha pallavoM kA bistara bichA huA hai| vRkSa kI zAkhA para hAra, nupUra, mekhalA, anyatra aruNa varNa kA kSaumavastra aura kahIM usakA carmaratna dikhAI de rahA hai / ye saba cIjeM una logoM ne uThA lI jisase ki vidyAdhara ke milane para use dI jA skeN| gomukha avazya hI kisI zatru ne usako kAntA kA apaharaNa kara liyA hai| paravazatA ke kAraNa una donoM ko apane AbhUSaNa Adi chor3akara jAnA pdd'aa| vaha vidyAdhara dIrghAyu hai kyoMki usake keza snigdha haiM aura vRkSa kI zAkhA para laTake rahane para bhI unameM sugandha A rahI hai / tatpazcAt kucha dUra calane para kisI kadaMba vRkSa ke skaMdha meM lohe ke pAMca kIloM se biMdhe hue vidyAdhara ko unhoMne dekhA / usake carmaratna meM pAMca auSadhiyAM dikhAI dIM-vizalyakaraNI, mAMsavivardhanI, vraNarohaNI, varNaprasAdanI aura mRtasaMjIvanI / itane meM gomukha ne Akara sUcanA dI ki Aryaputra (naravAhanadatta) ke prasAda se vidyAdhara jI uThA hai| auSadhiyoM ke prabhAva se svastha hokara vidyAdhara bolA-baMdhana meM baMdhe hue mujhako kisane jilAyA hai ? gomukha ne uttara diyA-hamAre Aryaputra ne / vidyAdhara ne muktakaNTha se kRtajJatA kA bhAva pradarzita kiyA / tatpazcAt usane apanI rAmakahAnI sunAI - maiM kauzika muni kA putra amitagati nAma kA vidyAdhara huuN|

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143 himAlaya parvata ke zikhara para kauzika nAma kA muni rahatA thA / nandana vana kA tyAga karane vAlI bindumatI ne bahuta kAla taka usakI ArAdhanA kI / kauzika muni ne prasanna hokara use varadAna diyA / usake do saMtAneM huI- eka maiM aura dUsarI merI bahana matsanAmikA / ___ aMgAraka aura vyAlaka nAmaka apane mitroM ke sAtha maiM samaya vyatIta karane lgaa| kAzyapasthalaka nAmaka nagara meM maiMne kusumAlikA kanyA ko dekhA / sundara hone ke kAraNa vaha mere mana meM basa gyii| apane mitroM ke sAtha kusumAlikA ko lekara nadI kinAre parvata ke vRkSakuMja meM rati ke lie gayA / maiMne dekhA ki aMgAraka Ter3hI gardana karake tAka rahA thA / aMgAraka tAr3a gayA aura vaha cupake se bhAga khar3A huaa| __ merI samajha meM nahIM AyA ki apanI kAntA ko lekara maiM kahA~ jAU~ / vahAM se maiM parvata se bahanevAlI isa nadI ke pulina para AyA / vahA~ se surata ke yogya latAgRha meM praveza kiyA / usake Age kA vRttAnta Apa logoM ko jJAta Apa loga mujhe saMkaTa ke samaya smaraNa kareM yaha kahakara praNAmapUrvaka vaha vidyAdhara aMgAraka kA pIchA karane ke lie AkAza meM ur3a gyaa|' 5 gaMdharvadattA kA vivAha (a) vasudevahiMDI : vasudeva aura cArudatta kI kanyA gaMdharvadattA kA vivAha : vasudeva ne kahA--maiM magadha kA nivAsI gautama gotrIya skaMdila nAma kA brAhmaNa huuN| yakSiNiyoM se merA prema hai| eka yakSiNI mujhe apane iSTa pradeza meM le gayI / itane meM dUsarI ne IrSyAvaza use pakar3a liyaa| donoM meM kalaha hone lagI, maiM gira pdd'aa| isalie maiM nahIM jAnatA ki yaha pradeza kaunasA hai| adher3a umra ke manuSya ne uttara diyA-isameM Azcarya kI koI bAta nahIM ki yakSiNiyA~ tumase prema karatI haiN| patA calA ki nagarI kA nAma campA hai| vahA~ eka mandira thA / pAdapITha para nAmAMkita vAsupUjya bhagavAn kI mUrti pratiSThita thii| Age calane para use hAtha meM vINA liye hue saparivAra eka puruSa dikhAI diyA / vINAoM ko becane ke lie loga vINAoM ko gAr3I meM bharakara liye jA 1. 9. 1-108 (pulina darzana sarga), pR0 99-109

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rahe the| skaMdila ne kisI AdamI se pUchA-kyA yaha isa deza kA rivAja hai ki sabhI loga vINA kA vyApAra karate haiN| . ____ usane uttara diyA-cArudatta zreSThI kI parama rUpavatI kanyA gaMdharvadattA gaMdharvaveda meM pAraMgata hai| gaMdharvavidyA meM anurakta brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya use prApta karane ke lie jI-jAna se prayatnazIla haiN| isa vidyA meM jo vijayI hogA, vaha use pAyegA / pratyeka mahIne vidvatsabhA meM pratiyogitA Ayojita kI jAtI hai / kala pratiyogitA kA dina thA, aba phira se eka mahIne bAda hogii| patA lagA ki sugrIva aura jayagrIva nAmaka gaMdharvavidyA ke mahAn paMDita vahA~ rahate haiN| sugrIva ke ghara pahu~ca, skaMdila mUrkha kI bhA~ti vilApa karane lgaa| usane apanA paricaya dete hue nivedana kiyA ki vaha gaMdharvavidyA sIkhane ke lie AyA hai| upAdhyAya ne use mUrkha kahakara usakI avajJA kii| skaMdila ne brAhmaNI ko prasanna karane ke lie use ratnoM ke kar3e bheTa kiye| brAhmaNI ne AzvAsana diyA ki use bhojana, vastra aura rahane-sone kI cintA karane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| skaMdila ne gaMdharvavidyA sIkhane kI bAta dohraayii| __brAhmaNI ne apane pati se use vidyA sikhAne kI siphAriza kI / upAdhyAya ne kahA--vaha vajramUrkha hai, vidyA kyA sIkhegA ? brAhmaNI ne uttara diyA-hameM medhAviyoM se kyA lenA-denA / yaha dekhoM, yaha kaDA ! __tumburana aura nArada kI pUjA kI gayI aura vidyArthI ko eka vINA de dI gyii| use bajAne ko kahA gayA / kintu usake karasparza se AhAta hokara vaha TUTa gyii| upAdhyAya brAhmaNI se kahane lagA--dekha lI apane putra kI kalA ! brAhmaNI ne kahA-isakI taMtriyAM purAnI aura kamajora thIM, dUsarI sthUla taMtriyoM vAlI vINI maMgAkara do| dhIre-dhIre saba sIkha jAyegA / ziSyoM ne vINA meM sthUla taMtriyAM lagAI / upAdhyAya ne dhIre-dhIre bajAne ko kahA / use eka gIta bajAne ko diyaa| ziSyoM se skaMdila ne pUchA --- kyA vaha ibhyakanyA isa gIta ko jAnatI hai ? uttara milA ---nahIM / vasudeva ne kahA -- to isa gIta se maiM use jIta lUMgA / ziSya ha~sane lge|

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utsava kA samaya A phuNcaa| upAdhyAya apane ziSyoM ko lekara cale / skaMdila se phira kabhI jAne ko khaa| skaMdila ne nivedana kiyA-gurujI ! yadi isa pratiyogitA meM kanyA ko anya kisI ne jIta liyA to phira merA vidyA sIkhanA hI vyarthaM jAyegA / maiM bhI jAnA jAhatA huuN| lekina gurujI ne jAne nahIM diyA / zikSArthI ne dUsarA kaDA brAhmaNI ko bheMTa kiyA / brAhmaNI ne kahA-ciMtA mata kara; tU utsava meM sammilita ho aura vijayI banakara lauTa / vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta ho skaMdila cArudatta kI sabhA meM pahu~cA / sabhA meM vidvAn AsanoM para virAjamAna the aura zeSa jana bhUmi para baiThe hue the / ziSyoM sameta baiThe hue upAdhyAya ne zaMkita mana se usapara dRSTipAta kiyA / skaMdila ne sabhA meM praveza kiyA / sabhAgAra dekhakara usane kahA-vidyAdhara loka meM hI aisA sabhAgAra ho sakatA hai, isa loka meM to saMbhava nahIM ! yaha sunakara use bhI baiThane ke lie Asana diyA gayA / loga Azcaryacakita nayanoM se use dekhane lge| bhitti para citrita hastiyugala dekhakara usane cArudatta zreSThI se kahA-zreSThI ! citrakAroM ne ise alpAyu kyoM citrita kiyA ? zreSThI-kyA tuma citra dekhakara citra kI Ayu kI bhI parIkSA kara sakate ho ? usane parIkSA karake apanI bAta pramANita kii| sabhA ke loga Azcaryacakita raha gye| upAdhyAya bhI vismita hue binA na rhaa| gaMdharvadattA yavanikA ke pIche baitthii| vINA bajAne ke lie koI Age nahIM A rahA thaa| cArudatta ne ghoSaNA kI yadi koI gAyana ke lie taiyAra nahIM to gaMdharvadattA vApisa jA rahI hai| kucha dera pratIkSA karane ke bAda vidvAnoM ne kahA-ThIka, jA sakatI hai| isa samaya zikSArthI ne uThakara kahA- nahIM, use jAne kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| usakI kalA kI parIkSA kI jaaye| darzakoM ne usapara dRSTipAta kiyaa| ve kahane lage - yaha koI bhUmigocara nahIM, koI deva athavA ati pragalbha tejasvI rUpavAna vidyAdhara pratIta hotA hai| zreSThI ke Adeza se vINA maMgavAI gii| use skaMdila ke hAtha meM dii| skaMdila ne kahA-isake garbha meM kucha hai, bajAne ke yogya yaha nahIM hai|

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usane vINA pAnI meM bhigoI aura usameM se bAla nikAlakara dikhA diyA / dUsarI maMgavAI gii| usane kahA-jaMgala kI agni se jale hue kASTha se yaha taiyAra kI huI hai, ataH ise bajAne se isameM se karkaza AvAja niklegii| tIsarI lAI gaI / vaha jala meM DUbe hue kASTha se taiyAra kI gayI thI, ataH vINAvAdaka ne kahA ki usameM se gaMbhIra AvAja niklegii| use bhI asvIkAra kara diyA gyaa| pariSad Azcaryacakita raha gyii| ___ tatpazcAt caMdana se carcita sugaMdhita puSpoM kI mAlA se alaMkRta sapta svara vAlI taMtrI maMgavAI gaI / vINAvAdaka ne usakI prazaMsA kI / usane kahA ki yaha Asana mere yogya nhiiN|| __ bahumUlya Asana bichAyA gyaa| zreSThI ne viSNugItikA bajAne kA anurodha kiyaa| usane sAdhuoM ke guNakIrtana meM gAyAjAne vAlA viSNumAhAtmya gIta sunAnA AraMbha kiyaa| viSNugItikA kI utpatti-hastinApura meM rAjA padmaratha aura rAnI lakSmImatI ke viSNu aura mahApadma nAmaka do kumAra / viSNukumAra kI pravrajyA / mahApadma rAjA kA purohita namuci / vaha jaina sAdhuoM dvArA vAda meM parAjita / mana-hI-mana sAdhuoM se pradveSa / rAjA ko prasanna kara rAjapada kI prApti / hastinApura meM sAdhuoM kA cAturmAsa / namuci dvArA unheM rAjya se bAhara cale jAne kA Adeza / viSNukumAra ko AkAzagAmI vidyA kI siddhi| saMgha para upadrava hone ke kAraNa unheM AmaMtrita kiyA gayA / viSNukumAra ne namuci purohita ko bahuta samajhAyA, lekina usane eka na sunii| __viSNukumAra ne namuci se ekAMta sthala meM tIna vikrama ( paira ) bhUmi mA~gI / unhoMne kahA ki sAdhu isa pradeza meM raha kara prANatyAga kara deMge, kyoMki unake lie varSAkAla meM gamana karanA niSiddha hai / isase sAdhuoM ke vadha karane kI namuci kI pratijJA bhI pUrI ho jAyegI / namuci ne tIna paira bhUmi pradAna karane kI svIkRti de dii| roSa se prajvalita viSNukumAra muni kA zarIra bar3hane lagA / unhoMne apanA eka caraNa uThAyA / namuci pairoM meM gira par3A / vaha apane aparAdhoM kI kSamAyAcanA karane lgaa| viSNukumAra ne dhrupada par3hA aura kSaNa bhara meM divya rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA / pRthvI kaMpita ho utthii| viSNu ne apanA dAhinA paga maMdara parvata para sthApita kiyA / ise uThAte samaya samudra kA jala kSubdha ho uThA / indra kA

Page #156
Asana calAyamAna ho gyaa| devoM ko sambodhita kara ke indra ne kahA-suno, namuci purohita ke anAcaraNa ke kAraNa prakupita viSNu muni trailokya ko bhI nigala jAne meM samartha haiM, ataeva inheM anunaya-vinayapUrvaka gIta aura nRtya ke upahAra se zIghra hI zAnta karanA cAhie / tuMbarU aura nAradajI ne vidyAdharoM para anugraha karake unheM gaMdharvakalA kI ora prerita kiyA / viSNu-gItikA se upanibaddha, saptasvara taMtrI se niHsRta aura manuSya loka meM durlabha gAMdhAra svarasamUha ko unheM dhAraNa karAyA---- "he sAdhuoM meM zreSTha ! Apa zAnti dhareM / jinendra bhagavAn ne krodha kA niSedha kiyA hai / jo krodhazIla hote haiM, unheM bahuta samaya taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karanA hotA hai|" isa gItikA ko vidyAdharoM ne grahaNa kiyA / gaMdharvadattA aura vINAvAdaka ne vINA bajAkara gAMdhAra grAma kI mUrchanA se, ekacitta hokara, tIna sthAna aura kriyA se zuddha, tAla, laya aura graha kI samatApUrvaka viSNugItikA kA gAna kiyA / nAgarakoM ne bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI / zreSThI ne prasanna mana se isa kArya ke lie niyukta AcAryoM se nirNaya sunAne kA anurodha kiyA / unhoMne kahA--jo isa biTiyA ne gAyA hai, vahI isa brAhmaNa ne bajAyA hai, aura jo isa brAhmaNa ne gAyA hai vahI biTiyA ne bajAyA hai / yavanikA haTA dI gayI / ' nAgarakoM ne utsava samApta hone kI ghoSaNA kI / pratiyogitA samApta ho gyii| gaMdharvadattA ko pati kI prApti huI / zreSThI ne nAgarakoM kA sammAna kara unheM visarjita kiyA / cArudatta zreSThI ne skaMdila se prArthanA kI-Apane apane divya puruSArtha ke bala se gaMdharvadattA ko prApta kiyA hai, aba isakA pANigrahaNa kara anugRhIta kareM / lokazruti hai - brAhmaNa kI cAra bhAryAe~ ho sakatI haiM-brAhmaNI, kSatriyANI, vaizyA aura zUdrI / yaha Apake anurUpa hai aura kucha bAtoM meM viziSTa bhI ho sakatI hai / 1. uvasama sAhuvariyA ! na hu kovo vaNNio jiNidehiM / huti hu kovaNasIlayA, pAvaMti bahUNi jAiyavvAI / / cita-saMbhUta nAmaka mAtaMga muniyoM kI kathA meM uccavargIya logoM se apamAnita hue saMbhUta kI krodhAgni ko zAMta karane ke lie citta usake pAsa pahu~catA hai| uttarAdhyayana TIkA, 13, pR0 186 a / 2. tulanIya, udayana aura vAsavadattA ke AkhyAna se / 3. bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM yahA~ manusmRti kA pramANa uddhRta hai /

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skaMdila kA khUba Adara-satkAra kiyA gyaa| rAjA ke anurUpa bahumUlya vastrAbhUSaNoM se use alaMkRta kiyA gyaa| gaMdharvadattA zRGgAra-prasAdhana se sajjita huI / jaise lakSmI ko kubera ke samIpa baiThAyA jAtA hai, vaise hI kula vRddhAoM ne gaMdharvadattA ko usake samIpa lAkara baiThAyA / zreSThI ne nivedana kiyA-svAmI ! kula-gotra jAna kara Apa kyA kareMge ? yA to Apa agni meM havana kareM yA merI putrI ko karane deN| pANigrahaNa kI kriyA saMpanna huii| donoMne garbhagRha meM praveza kara rAtri vyatIta kii|' ( A ) bRhatkathAzloka saMgraha : naravAhanadatta aura sAnudAsa kI kanyA gaMdharvadattA kA vivAha : naravAhanadatta kisI ajJAta deza meM AyA, jahA~ usane ghaMTiyoM kI AvAja karate hue gomaMDala ko dekhA / pUrva dizA meM sUrya kA udaya ho rahA thA aura bhramaroM kA guMjArava sunAI par3a rahA thA / vaha eka udyAna meM AyA / udyAna meM ucca zikharavAlA eka maMdira thA / dvArapAla ne andara jAne se use rokA / vINA bajAte hue usane maMdira meM praveza kiyaa| vahA~ baiThA huA nAgarakoM kA adhipati, amitagati ke vINAvAdana ke zravaNa meM anurakta thaa| usane uThakara amitagati ko apane zilAsana para baiThAyA / usake pairoM kA saMvAhana kiyA aura pAda prakSAlana pUrvaka arghya pradAna kiyA / naravAhanadatta ne apanA paricaya dete hue kahA-vaha vatsadeza nivAsI brAhmaNa hai| maMtravAdiyoM ke mukha se suna kara usane kisI yakSI kI sAdhanA kI / yakSI ke sAtha vaha parvata aura vanoM meM bhramaNa kara ramaNa karane lagA / eka bAra usake mana meM vicAra AyA ki pAtAlamaMtra kI ArAdhanA kara asurI ke sAtha ramaNa karanA caahie| yakSI ko isa bAta kA patA lagA to IrSyAvaza usane use bhUmi para lA paTakA / nAgarakezvara ne kahA-yaha pradeza aMga jana-pada kI rAjadhAnI caMpA hai| merA nAma dattaka hai aura vINA priya hone se maiM vINAdattaka nAma se prakhyAta huuN| vatsadezavAsI brAhmaNa ne vINAdattaka ke sAtha pravahaNa meM savAra ho caMpA ke lie prasthAna kiyA / mArga meM vINAvAdana meM anurakta halavAhoM ko dekhaa| vaTavRkSa ke nIce baiThe hue gvAle besurI vINA bajA rahe the / donoM vaNikpatha para pahu~ce / nagaradvAra ke pAsa vINA ke vibhinna avayavoM se bharI huI gAr3iyoM ko dekhaa| ye gAr3iyA~ vINA3. pR0 126-33

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149 avayavoM kI bikrI ke lie lAyI gayI thiiN| bar3haI, luhAra, kumhAra aura varuDa vINAvAdana meM vyasta the| yAna se utarakara brAhmaNa ne vINAdattaka ke gRha meM praveza kiyA / vahA~ mardanazAstra ke vizeSajJoM aura sUdazAstra meM niSNAta rasoiyoM ne usakI sevA-suzrUSA kii| dattaka ke parivAra ke sAtha AnandapUrvaka usane bhojana kiyA / tAmbUla Adi se mukhazuddhi kI gyii| _brAhmaNa ne dattaka se pUchA-isa nagarI meM vINA ke itane adhika rasika loga kyoM dikhAI dete haiM ? vINAdattaka-yahA~ samasta guNoM kI khAna trailokyasuMdarI gaMdharvadattA rahatI hai| usakA pitA sAnudAsa vaNikpati use kisI ko nahIM denA cAhatA / usane ghoSaNA kI hai ki jo koI use vINAvAdana meM parAjita karegA, vahI usake pANigrahaNa kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| caMpA meM koI bhI aisA nagaravAsI na milegA jo usakA pANigrahaNa na karanA cAhatA ho / 64 vidvAnoM ke samakSa chaha chaha mahIne bAda, nAgarikoM kI gAyana pratiyogitA hotI hai| bahuta samaya vyatIta ho jAne para bhI abhI taka koI use vINAvAdana meM parAjita nahIM kara skaa| ye bAteM ho hI rahI thIM ki vetradhArI do vRddha puruSoM ne Akara nivedana kiyA ki zreSThI ne kahalavAyA hai ki yadi mitroM kI goSThI taiyAra ho to utsava kA Ayojana kiyA jaaye| utsava kI taiyArI zurU ho gyii|' vatsadezavAsI brAhmaNa ne jAnanA cAhA ki kyA vaha gaMdharvadattA ke darzana kara sakatA hai ? uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki koI agAndharva use nahIM dekha sakatA aura yadi dekhanA hI ho to gAMdharva vidyA kI zikSA grahaNa karanI caahie| kaThora svaravAle zrutisvarajJAna se hIna bhUtika nAmaka durbhaga vINAcArya ko bulAyA gayA, lekina isa vikRta nara-vAnara ke darzana kara brAhmaNa ko lagA ki na use gaMdharvavidyA kI zikSA prApta karanA hai aura na gandharvadattA hI lenA hai / itanA hI nahIM, isa prakAra kA ziSyatva prApta kara sAre rAjya kA lAbha bhI niMdya hai / raikhara, vINAdattaka ne vINAcArya ko Asana para baiThAkara nivedana kiyA-mahArAja ! isa yakSIpati brAhmaNa ko nAradIya (gAMdharva) vidyA sikhAne kA anugraha kareM / vINAcArya ne uttara diyA --- yaha abhimAnI hai, merI avajJA karatA hai aura phira daridra hone ke 1. 16. 1-93, pR0 191-99 ( gandharvadattAlAme campApraveza nAmaka sarga) /

Page #159
150 kAraNa eka kaur3I taka dene ko isake pAsa nahIM hai / vidyA yA to guru kI suzrUSA se sIkhI jAtI hai yA phira dhana kharca karane se / ina donoM meM se isake pAsa eka bhI nahIM / dattavAhaka ne AcArya se nivedana kiyA ki yakSIkAmuka ko koI daridra nahIM kaha sakatA / vaha svayaM yakSIkAmuka kA dAsa hai, aura cAhie to suvarNazata die jA sakate haiN| tatpazcAt sarasvatI kI arcanA kara durvyavasthita taMtrIyuktavINA use dI gyii| usane use ulaTI tarapha se goda meM rakkhI / yaha dekhakara AcArya ne dattaka kI ora dekhakara kahA ki yaha AdamI yaha bhI nahIM jAnatA ki vINA kaisI pakar3anI cAhie, phira isa maMdabuddhi ko kaise zikSA dI jA sakatI hai| dUsarA vAdya use diyA gayA bajAte hue usakI cAra-pA~ca taMtriyA~ TUTa gaI / AcArya ne dattaka se kahA ki vINA sIkhakara yaha kyA kregaa| lekina taMtrI ke chinna ho jAne para bhI yakSIkAmuka komala svara se vINA bajAne lgaa| dattaka Adi ko Azcarya huA / AcArya bhaya, krodha, lajjA aura vismaya ke kAraNa niSprabha hokara dekhate raha gaye / AcArya dakSiNA lekara vahA~ se cale gye| eka dina rAtri ke samaya sote hue yakSIkAmuka kI najara vINAdattaka kI khUTI para laTakI huI vINA para gaI / yakSIkAmuka use bajAne lagA / usakA madhura svara sunakara loga Azcaryacakita ho gaye aura kahane lage ki jAna par3atA hai ki vINAdattaka ke ghara meM svayaM sarasvatI vINA bajAne ke lie avatarita huI hai| - prAtaHkAla namaskAra kara dattaka ne yakSIkAmuka ko sUcanA dI ki nAgaraka apaneapane yAnoM para upasthita haiM, unake sAtha use bhI utsava meM calanA cAhie / yakSIkAmuka Age-Age tathA usake pIche dattaka aura nAgarakoM ne paidala hI prasthAna kiyaa| unhoMne gRhapati sAnudAsa ke gRha meM praveza kiyaa| pahale kakSa meM mahApaTorNa se veSTita dattaka Adi 64 nAgarakoM ke lie 64 Asana biche hue the| yakSIkAmuka ke lie Asana nahIM thA / dattaka ne apanA Asana use de diyA / dattaka ko anya Asana diyA gayA / gaNikAoM kA Agamana huaa| striyA~ paraspara vArtAlApa kara rahI thIM ki sAnudAsa ne apanI kanyA ke lie vINAvAdana meM vijayI hone kI zarta rakhakara bar3A anartha kara diyA hai, kyoMki yadi rUpa kI hor3a lagatI to nizcaya hI yakSIkAmuka use prApta kara letA / sabane sabhA meM praveza kiyA / zreSThI dvArA nAgarakoM kA svAgata kiyA gayA / kaMcukI ne nAgarakoM ko gaMdharvadattA

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151 ko nirdeza dene kA anurodha kiyaa| kisI se koI uttara na pAkara jaba vaha vApisa jAne lagA to yakSIkAmuka ne use bulAkara kahA ki zreSThIkanyA sabhA meM upasthita ho / dattaka kA mlAna mukha khila uThA / yakSIkAmuka kI ora dekhakara usane prasannatA vyakta kii| yavanikA ko haTAkara, kaMcukiyoM se AvRtta gaMdharvadattA (varNana ) ne sabhAgRha meM praveza kiyA / kaMcukI ne dakSiNa hAtha uThAkara zreSThIvacana kI ghoSaNA kI ki jo koI vINA bajA sakatA ho, vaha Age Aye / vINAdattaka se anurodha kiyA gayA lekina usane sira hilAkara anicchA prakaTa kii| kisI anya nAgaraka ne vINAvAdana kiyA jise sunakara 'sAdhu-sAdhu' kI AvAja sunAI dI / lekina jaba gaMdharvadattA ne sabhAjanoM ke samakSa sumadhura gAna kiyA to saba raMga phIkA par3a gayA / viSNugItikA pUrvakAla meM vAmana rUpa dhAraNa kara bali ko chalate samaya viSNu bhagavAn ne isa loka ko tIna padoM se AkrAnta kara liyA thA / gaMdharva janoM se sevita vizvAvasu nAmaka gaMdharva ne AkAza meM vihAra karate samaya usakI pradakSiNA kI / usane svayaM garur3adhvaja viSNu kI stuti karate hue nArAyaNastuti nAmaka adbhuta gIta gaayaa| isa gaMdharva se nArada ne, nArada se, vRtrAsura indra ne, indra se arjuna ne, arjuna se virAhasutA uttarA ne, uttarA se parIkSita ne, aura parIkSita se janamejaya ne ise sIkhA / janamejaya se yakSIkAmuka ke pitA ne aura apane pitA se yakSIkAmuka ne isa gAMdhAragrAma kI zikSA prApta kii| yakSIkAmuka ne goSThI meM praveza kiyA / gandharva dattA kA Agamana / kaMcukI dvArA lAyI huI vINA ko dekhakara yakSIkAmuka ne kahA--isake udarabhAga meM lUtAtantu maujUda hai isase yaha jar3a ho gayI hai / dUsarI vINA lAyI gayI, lekina vaha kezadUSita taMtrI se yukta thii| tatpazcAt sugandhita kusumoM se arcita kacchapAkAra phalaka vAlI vINA lekara sAnudAsa svayaM upasthita huaa| yakSIkAmuka kI pradakSiNA kara use vINA dI gayI / eka anya vINA gaMdharvadattA ko dii| donoM ne vINAvAdana kiyA / yakSIkAmuka ne manda-manda eka divya gIta bajAyA / gandharvadattA ke komala gIta ko zravaNa kara sabhAjana mAnoM mUrchita ho gaye / cetanA prApta karane ke pazcAt kaMcukI ne unase prazna kiyA-Apa loga niSpakSa hokara nirNaya sunAyeM ki jo gandharvadattA ne gAyA hai, vahI yakSIkAmuka ne bajAyA hai yA nahIM ? isapara Upara hAtha uThAkara, ucca svara se sabhAsadoM ne ghoSaNA kI ki vINAvAdaka kanyA ko prApta karane kA adhikArI hai /

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152 sabhAvisarjita ho gayI / sAnudAsa vINAdattaka ke sAtha yakSIkAmuka ko ghara ke bhItara livA le gayA / yakSIkAmuka ko saMbodhana karake usane kahA-he yakSIkAmuka ! hama saba Apake dAsa haiM / Apane kaThina vipatti se hamArA uddhAra kiyA hai / phira vaha kahane lagA-Aja kA dina zubha dina hai, gandharvadattA kA pANigrahaNa karane kA anugraha kareM / yakSIkAmuka ne uttara diyA-maiM pavitra brAhmaNa kula meM utpanna huA hU~, asavarNa kanyA se kaise vivAha kara sakatA hU~ ? / sAnudAsa-yaha kanyA savarNA hai, savarNA hI nahIM, utkRSTa bhI ho sakatI hai| Apa vizvasta hokara pANigrahaNa kreN| manu mahArAjane kahA hai-apane se nimna varNa kI bhAryA ko svIkAra karatA huA brAhmaNa doSa kA bhAgI nahIM hotaa| pANigrahaNa saMskAra sampanna huA / ' 6 puSkaramadhu kA pAna (a) vasudevahiMDIH cArudatta kI mA~ ke bhAI sarvArtha kI kanyA mitravatI kA cArudatta ke sAtha pANigrahaNa / ' cArudatta kA apane mitroM ke sAtha udyAna-gamana / pyAsa lagane ke kAraNa eka vRkSa ke nIce vizrAma / cArudatta kA mitra harizikha pAsa ke pokhara meM utraa| koI AzcaryakArI vastu dekhane ke lie usane cArudatta ko bulAyA / usane pokhara meM lage hue suMdara kamaloM ke apUrva rasa kI ora cArudatta kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA / gomukha ne batAyA ki devoM dvArA upabhogya vaha puSkaramadhu hai / use kamalinI ke pattoM meM grahaNa kara liyA gyaa| prazna huA ki manuSyaloka meM durlabha vaha puSkaramadhu kise diyA jAye ? kyA rAjA ko diyA jAye ? rAjA prasanna hokara zAyada AjIvikA kA prabaMdha kara sake / lekina rAjA ke darzana durlabha hote haiM aura vaha jaldI prasanna nahIM hotA / tatpazcAt amAtya aura nagararakSaka kA nAma sujhAyA gayA / aMta meM samasta kAryoM ke sAdhaka cArudatta ko pradAna karane kA nizcaya kiyA gayA / cArudatta ne kahA ki kyA ve nahIM jAnate ki vaha madhu, mAMsa aura madya kA sevana na karane vAle kula meM utpanna huA hai ? gomukha ne uttara diyA-mitra ! hama jAnate haiM, lekina yaha madya nahIM, devoM ke yogya amRta hai / puSkaramadhu kA pAna karane se cArusvAmI kI tRpti 1. vahI, gandharvadattAvivAha, 17 vAM sarga, pR0 200-2.17 2. vasudevahiMDI pR0 140

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153 huI / mitroM ne cArudatta ko vizrAma karane ke lie kahA aura ve puSpoM kA cayana karane cala diye| cArudatta ko madhurasa kA nazA car3hane lagA / azoka vRkSa ke nIce use eka sundara yuvatI dikhAyI dI / vaha koI apsarA thI aura devAdhipati indra ne cArudatta kI sevA meM upasthita rahane ke lie use bhejA thA / apsarA ne batAyA ki devatA loga sabako darzana nahIM dete, lekina ve sabako dekha sakate haiM / ataH cArudatta ke mitra apsarA ko nahIM dekha sakate aura apsarA ke prabhAva se cArudatta ko bhI dekhane meM asamartha haiN| mada ke kAraNa cArudatta ke paira lar3akhar3Ane lage / apsarA ne apane dAhine hAtha se cArudatta kI bhujAe~ aura usakA sira thAma liyaa| cArudatta lar3akhar3AtA huA usake kaNTha kA avalaMbana lekara calA / deva-apsarA ke sparza se usakA zarIra romAMcita ho uThA / apsarA apane vimAna meM baiThAkara use apane bhavana meM le gayI / apanI umra vAlI taruNiyoM se vaha pariveSTita thii| viSayasukha bhogane ke lie usane cArudatta ko AmaMtrita kiyA / ratiparAyaNa cArudatta nidrAdevI kI goda meM so gyaa| nazA utarane para A~kha khulI to use vasaMtatilakA kA bhavana dikhAyI diyA / vasaMtatilakA ne kahA-maiM gaNikA putrI vasaMtatilakA hU~, kalAoM kI zikSA maiMne prApta kI hai| dhana kA mujhe lobha nahIM, guNa mujhe priya haiM / maiMne hRdaya se tumheM varaNa kiyA hai / tumhArI mAtA kI anumati se gomukha Adi tumhAre mitroM ne udyAna meM pahu~ca, kisI yukti se tumheM mujhe sauMpa diyA thaa| usake bAda vaha vastra badalakara AI aura hAthoM kI aMjali-pUrvaka cArudatta se vinayapUrvaka kahane lagI"maiM tumhArI sevikA hU~, mujhe bhAryA rUpa meM svIkAra karo / ye dekhie, ye mera kSaumavastra jo mere kanyApana ko sUcita karate haiN| maiM tumhArI jIvanaparyaMta upakAriNI banakara rhuuNgii|" cArudatta ne vasaMtatilakA ko bhAryA rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| usake sAtha rahakara vaha svacchanda vihAra karane lagA / usakI mA~ kucha-na-kucha upahAra Adi unake lie hamezA bhejatI rahatI / isa prakAra viSayasukha kA upabhoga karate hue 12 varSa vyatIta ho gaye / ' 1. vahI. pR. 142-43

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(A) bRhatkathAzlokasaMgrahaH eka upavana meM pahu~ca dhruvaka ne sAnudAsa ke lie mAdhavI aura Amra vRkSa ke pallavoM se ucca Asana taiyAra kiyA / apanI priyAoM ke hAthoM se madhupAna karate hue mitragaNa upasthita the / vasaMtarAga gAyA jA rahA thA, veNutaMtrI kA madhura zabda sunAI de rahA thA, tathA bhaurauM kA guMjAra aura kokila kI madhura dhvani sunAI par3a rahI thI / kardama aura zaivAla se lipaTA huA koI puruSa kamalapatra meM puSkaramadhu liye hue sarovara se nikalA / eka mitra ne kahA---are mUrkha ! yaha puSkaramadhu kyA, tU anartha kI jar3a le AyA hai / yadi saba mitra isakA pAna karane lage to eka-eka bUnda bhI unake hisse meM na Aye / unhoMne socA ki rAjAoM ke lie durlabha isa puSkaramadhu ko rAjA ko kyoM na de diyA jAya / lekina rAjA se aura koI mA~ga legA, ve ratna ke lobhI jo hote haiM / pApa bhAvanA se protsAhita huA rAjA hamArA sarvasva haraNa kara sakatA hai, ataH use denA ThIka nahIM ! isameM adhika rasa vAlA svAda hai, madya yaha nahIM hai, isalie mAnudAsa hI kyoM na isakA pAna kare ? tatpazcAt mitroM ke anurodha para, sAnudAsa ne puSkaramadhu kA pAna kara liyA / yaha madhu atyanta svAdiSTa thA, mAnoM koI apUrva rasa ho; amRta bhI usake sAmane phIkA jAna par3atA thaa| rasa kI gaMdha se sAnudAsa ko pyAsa lgii| usake pAna karane se use cakkara Ane lgaa| itane meM sAnudAsa ko kisI pramadA ke Akrandana kI dhvani sunAI dii| AkhyAyikA, kathA, kAvya aura nATakoM meM aisI pramadA kA varNana sunane meM mahIM AyA thA / sAnudAsa ne usase dukha kA kAraNa pUchA / pramadA ne batAyA-Apa hI mere dukha ke kAraNa haiM / sAnudAsa ne use DhAr3hasa baMdhAyA / pramadA ne kahA ki vaha usake zarIra kI kAmanA karatI hai| usakA nAma gaMgadattA thA / vaha use khIMcakara apane bhavana meM le gayI / sAnudAsa ko vizrAma karane ke lie kahA gayA; usake pIne ke lie puSkaramadhu maMgavAyA / sAnudAsa ne socA ki avazya hI gaMgadattA yakSI honI cAhie, anyathA manuSyaloka meM durlabha puSkaramadhu usake pAsa kahA~ se AyA ? sAnudAsa ne puSkaramadhu kI gaMdha se adhivAsita vAsamaMdira meM praveza kiyA / eka dUsare ko zarIra kA pradAna / tatpazcAt donoM suhRdgoSThI meM sammilita hue / gaMgadattA apane hAtha kA sahArA dekara sAnudAsa ko le gayI / jaba apane mitroM ko sAnudAsa dikhAyI na diyA to ve loga Azcarya meM par3a gaye / eka ne kahA ki use koI yakSakanyA siddha ho gayI hai, isalie vaha adRzya ho gayA hai| kisI ne tAlI bajAkara ha~sate hue adRzya yakSIbhartA ko namaskAra kiyaa|

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155 unhoMne sAnudAsa ko nizcita hokara gaMgadattA ke ghara jAne ko kahA, aura ve svayaM apane sthAna ko lauTa gaye / sAnudAsa apane mitroM dvArA puSkaramadhu kA pAna karAkara ThagA gayA thA, lekina kAntA aura Asava ke rasAsvAda ke Ananda ke kAraNa vaha unapara nArAja nahIM huaa| sUrya ke astAcala kI ora gamana karane para sAnudAsa ne gaMgadattA ke gRha meM praveza kiyA / ' __donoM kA AnandapUrvaka samaya vyatIta hone lagA / eka dina dArikA sAnudAsa ko usake ghara lekara gyii| sAnudAsa ne apanI mAtA se pitAjI ke svargavAsa kA samAcAra sunA / gambhIra zoka se pIDita jAna rAjA ne use bulAyA / AbhUSaNa, vastra, aura caMdana Adi se usakA satkAra kara paraMparAgata zreSThIpada kI rakSA karane ke lie usase anurodha kiyA . / kucha samaya bAda dhruvaka ne upasthita hokara sAnudAsa se nivedana kiyA ki vaha zoka-pIr3ita gaMgadattA ko AzvAsana pradAna kare / sAnudAsa ne uttara diyA-usakI bAlyAvasthA gujara cukI hai, isalie apanI mAtA aura mAtAmahI ke mArga kA sevana karanA hI usake lie zreyaskara hai / tathA cirakAla taka satIdharma kA pAlana karate hue bhI Akhira to vaha vezyA hI hai / kuTumbiyoM ke lie gaNikAoM meM Asakti rakhanA aura unake zoka se saMtapta hone para ziSTAcAra pradarzita karanA ThIka nahIM / lekina dhruvaka ke bahuta kahane-sunane para sAnudAsa use AzvAsana dene ke lie usake ghara pahu~cA / sAnudAsa ke viyoga meM gaMgadattA atyanta kRza ho gayI thii| sAnudAsa ko dekhakara vaha kraMdana karane lgii| sAnudAsa ne use DhAr3hasa baMdhAyA / donoM ne eka sAtha snAna kiyA, jala kI aJjali pradAna kii| madirA se pUrNa caSaka maMgAyA gayA / gaGgadattA kI mAtA ne dukhanAza karane ke lie tarpaNa karane kA anurodha kiyA / gaNikA kI mAtA ke anurodha para sAnudAsa ne triphalA kA svAdayukta madirA kA pAna kiyA / madirA ke naze ke kAraNa pitRzoka vismRti ke garbha meM pahuMca gayA / sAnudAsa ke Adeza para paricArikAoM dvArA madirA upasthita kI gayI / madirA aura kAma ke vazIbhUta ho samaya vyatIta hone lgaa| ( mitroM ne eka cAla calI / ) eka dina gaNikA kI mAtA ne eka gaNikA dvArA sAnudAsa ko kahalavAyA--"terI sAsa kahatI hai ki tU rUkSa hai isaliya tere 1. sAnudAsakathAnAmaka 18 veM sarga kA prathama bhAga 1-92), pR. 219-26 /

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156 zarIra meM abhyaMga lagAne kI AvazyakatA hai| abhyaMga ke abhAva meM gaMgadattA bhI paruSa ho gayI hai / ataH tumheM zarIra meM tela kA mardana karanA caahie|" sAnudAsa ke vastra utArakara usake zarIra para kaTu tela kA mardana kiyA gayA phira use kahA gayA ki thor3I dera dArikA kA abhyaMga kiyA jAyegA, isalie vaha nIce calA jaaye| chaThI maMjila para use ratna saMskAra karane vAle dikhAI diye| unhoMne hAtha jor3akara kahA ki sarvakalAoM meM niSNAta hone ke kAraNa usake sAmane unheM lajjA AtI hai / unhoMne use alaGkArakarma ke lie pA~cavIM maMjila para jAne kI prArthanA kii| pA~cavIM maMjila para se citrakAroM ne cauthI para bheja diyA / tatpazcAt ghaTadAsiyoM ne usake Upara gobara kA pAnI DAla use bAhara nikAla diyA / prAsAda para baMdijanoM kI bvani sunAI pdd'ii|' __ zreSThIputra kI dezavidezayAtrA (a) vasudevahiMDI : cArudatta kI dezavidezayAtrA : vasaMtatilakA gaNikA ke ghara se calakara dezavideza kI yAtrA ke pazcAt apanI mAtA aura patnI se punarmilana kI kathA ke lie dekhie poche (pR0 31- 37) / (A) bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha : sAnudAsa kI dezavideza yAtrA : sAnudAsa ne apane ghara kI ora gamana kiyA / puravAsI use dhikkAra rahe the / jo bhI koI mitra use sAmane dekhatA, vahI ghRNA se mu~ha mor3a letA / jisa ghara ke A~gana meM vaha jAtA, vahIM loga usake Upara gobara kA pAnI pheMkate / isa prakAra logoM se tiraskRta ho, vaha apane gRhadvAra para pahu~cA / ghara meM praveza karate hue sAnudAsa ko dvArapAla ne roka diyA / sAnudAsa ne prazna kiyA ki kyA mAtA mitravatI aba nahIM rahI ? dvArapAla ne uttara diyA-usakI anAtha mAtA ghara becakara apane pautra aura vadhU ke sAtha anyatra calI gayI hai / prathama kakSa meM jahA~ bar3haI kAma kara rahA hai, vahA~ jAkara pUcho / jJAta huA ki daridratA ke kAraNa vaha apanI putravadhU ke sAtha daridravATaka (daridroM kI bastI meM jAkara rahane lagI hai / vahA~ pahu~cakara sAnudAsa ne aneka bAlakoM se ghire hue, nIma ke nIce baiThe apane putra dattaka ko dekhA / vaha unakA rAjA banA huA thA / sAnudAsa dattaka ke pIche-pIche calakara jIrNazIrNa phaTI-TUTI caTAiyoM ko jor3akara banAI huI kuTikA ke A~gana meM pahu~cA / dAsI 1. vahI, dUsarA bhAga, 93-132 pR. 227-30 / 2. vasudevahiMDI meM mitravatI cArudatta kI patnI kA nAma hai|

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ne use pahacAnakara mitravatI ko khabara dI / mA~ ne, jisa avasthA meM vaha baiThI thI usI avasthA meM bAhara nikalakara sAnudAsa kA AliMgana kiyA / aisA lagA ki vaha gAr3ha nidrA meM soyI huI hai / na vaha kaMpita huI aura na usane zvAsa hI liyaa| usake netroM se avirala jala kI dhArA baha rahI thii| daridratA kI mUrti ke samAna vaha jAna par3I / sAnudAsa ke snAna ke lie par3ausa se, lAkha se banda kiye hue chedavAlA aura oTha-TUTA pAnI kA ghar3A lAyA gayA / lekina vaha ghar3A phUTa gayA aura sAnudAsa ko puSkariNI meM jAkara snAna karanA par3A / kAMjI aura kodoM ko vaha baDe muzkila se gale utAra sakA / eka rAta eka lAkha varSa kI bhA~ti bitaayii| isa paristhiti meM sAnudAsa ko bahuta vairAgya huA / prAtaHkAla hone para usane apanI mA~ ke sAmane pratijJA kI ki prakSapita dravya kA caugunA dhana kamAkara hI vaha ghara meM pA~va rakkhegA / usakI mAtA ne use paradeza jAne se rokate hue kahA ki vaha kisI-na-kisI taraha usakI aura usakI strI kI AjIvikA claayegii| lekina sAnudAsa ne eka na sunI / mAtA ko praNAma karake naraka ke samAna usa daridravATaka se nikala kara vaha cala diyA / mAtA kucha dUra taka usake sAtha AI / usane tAmralipti meM usake mAmA ke ghara jAne kA anurodha kiyaa| pitRbaMdhuoM kI apekSA mAtRbaMdhuoM kI hI usane prazaMsA kii| sAnudAsa ne pUrva dizA kI ora prasthAna kiyA / mArga meM phaTI purAnI chatarI aura jUte liye, kaMdhoM para purAnA carma aura bhojana-pAtra le jAte hue yAtrI dikhAI par3e / sAnudAsa ke paricAraka bana, use ramya kathAe~ sunAte hue ve Age bddh'e| sAnudAsa siddhakacchapa grAma meM pahu~cA / vahA~ sAnudAsa apane pitA mitravarmA ke bhRtya siddhArthaka nAma ke vaNik ke ghara meM gayA / usane sAnudAsa ko dhana denA cAhA / sAnudAsa ne sArtha ke sAtha tAmralipti ke lie prasthAna kiyA / khaNDacarma nAmaka pAzupata kA samAgama / aTavI meM praveza / gaMbhIra guphA vAlI nadI / kAlarAtri ke samAna puliMdasenA kA AkramaNa | saMbhrama ke kAraNa digbhrAMta hokara sAnudAsa kA palAyana / sArtha se bhraSTa hokara gahana vana meM praveza / tAmralipti ke lie gamana / vahA~ pahu~cakara apane mAmA gaMgadatta ke ghara kI talAza / eka vaNika ne kahA ki gaMgadatta ke ghara ko kauna nahIM jAnatA ? jo pUrNamAsI ke candramaNDala ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha gaMgadatta ke ghara ko bhI nahIM jAnatA / vaha vaNik svayaM sAnudAsa ko usake ghara le gayA / sAnudAsa kA svAgata / mAmA ne bhANaje se kahA ki usake apane pAsa jo atula dhana kI rAzi hai, vaha mitravarmA kI

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158 dhanarAzi se hI arjita kI gayI hai, ataH jitanA dhana kamAkara lAne kI usane pratijJA kI hai, usase caugunA dhana lekara vaha apanI mA~ ke pAsa lauTakara jA sakatA hai / sAnudAsa ne uttara meM , kahA-mAmAjI ! arthopArjana ke lie maiMne jo dRr3ha pratijJA kI hai, usameM Apa vighna upasthita na kareM / tatpazcAt samudra yAtrA ke lie gamana karane vAle kisI sAMyAtrika ke sAtha, prazasta tithi aura nakSatra meM, deva-dvija aura guru kI pUjApUrvaka, usane apanI yAtrA prAraMbha kI / ' jahAja kA TUTanA / samudra taTa para pahu~ca eka aMganA ko dekhaa| jahAja phaTa jAne ke kAraNa vaha bhI usa taTa para A lagI thii| rAjagRha ke nivAsI sAgara sArthavAha aura yavana dezotpanna yAvanI nAma kI usakI bhAryA kI vaha putrI thI / usakA nAma thA sAgaradinnA / caMpAnivAsI mitravarmA ke sakala kalAvid sAnudAsa nAmaka putra ke guNoM kI prazaMsA sunakara usake sAtha apanI putrI kA vivAha karane kA sAgara ne saMkalpa kiyA thaa| donoM ne paraspara apanA paricaya diyA / samudra apanI gaMbhIra dhvani se sUrya kA vAdana kara rahA thA, zilImukha zrutimadhura gAna gA rahe the, aura unmatta mayUra nRtya kara rahe the / aise suhAvane samaya meM nAyikA ke svedayukta Age bar3hate hue dakSiNa kara ko nAyaka ne thAma, use AliMganapAza meM bAMdha liyA / donoM prItipUrvaka rahane lage / unhoMne vRkSa para dhvajA phaharA dI, rAtri meM agni prajvalita kI, jisase koI nAvika una donoM ko vahAM se le jAkara svadeza pahu~cA de| yAnapAtra meM prasthAna / pUrva kI bhA~ti yAnapAtra vipannAvasthA ko prApta / samudradinnA kA jala ke pravAha meM baha jAnA / sAnudAsa eka grAma meM pahu~cA / jisa kisI se vaha kucha pUchatA, use uttara milatA-"tumhArI bAta samajha meM nahIM aatii| kisI dubhASiye kI sahAyatA se vaha apane eka riztedAra ke ghara gayA / patA lagA ki vaha pAMDyadeza meM pahu~ca gayA hai / prAtaHkAla kisI satramaMDapa (dharmazAlA) meM gayA, jahA~ videziyoM kA kSaurakarma ho rahA thA; kahIM mAliza kI jA rahI thii| pAMDyamathurAke jauharI-bAjAra meM pahu~cA / kisI AbhUSaNa kA dAma kUtane ke kAraNa use kucha dravya kI prApti huI / sAnudAsa kI khyAti sunakara rAjA ne use apanA ratna-parIkSaka niyukta kara liyA / tatpazcAt thor3I pUMjI se adhika dhana kamAne ke 1. vahI, bhAga 3, 133-252 pR. 234-42 2. vahI, bhAga 4, 253-36, pR0 242-47 / 3. mUla pATha hai 'ghanninu colliti'-tamila bhASA meM /

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lie usane kapAsa kA vyapAra kiyaa| usakI sAta DheriyA~ lagAI, kintu durbhAgya se mUSaka dIpaka kI jalatI huI battI lekara bhAgA aura sArI kapAsa jalakara khAka ho gyii| pAMDyamathurA se uttara dizA kI ora calA / vaTavRkSa ke nIce vizrAma kiyA / gaur3abhASA meM bAtacIta karane vAloM se mulAkAta huI / sAnudAsa zivikA meM savAra ho tAmralipti pahu~ca apane mAmA se milA / ' ghara lauTa jAne ke bAda mAmA ne upadeza diyA / Acera nAmaka vaNik kI aneka vaNikoM ke sAtha suvarNabhUmi jAne kI taiyArI / sAnudAsa bhI sAtha cala diyA / suvarNabhUmi pahu~ca jahAja ne laMgara DAlA / prAtaHkAla sArthavAha kA Adeza pA, kamara meM bhojana kA sAmAna bAMdha aura gale meM tela ke kuppe laTakA komalasthUla aura zoSa-doSa Adi se rahita vetralatAkA sahArA lekara yAtriyoM ne parvata para car3hanA AraMbha kiyA / parvata kI coTI para pahu~ca kara rAtri vyatIta kii| vahA~ eka nadI dikhAyI dI jahA~ vividha AkAra ke pASANa par3e hue the / Acera ne ina pASANoM ko sparza karane kI manAhI kI / dUsare taTa para bAMsoM kA jhuramuTa khar3A thA / usa pAra havA ke calane se bAMsa* isa pAra jhuka jAte the| inapara ArUr3ha hokara yAtrI nadI ke usa pAra utara gaye / isa vibhISaNa patha ko veNupatha kahA gayA hai / yahA~ se do yojana calakara eka patalA rAstA AyA jisake donoM ora aMdhakAra se pUrNa eka bhIma khaDDa dikhAI diyA / Acera ne gIlI aura sUkhI lakar3iyA~, patte aura tRNa Adi ekatra kara dhuA~ karane kA Adeza diyA / dhue~ ko dekha jIna aura cItoM ke camar3oM ke bane bakhtara-lade bakaroM kI bikrI ke lie kirAta vahA~ Aye / ina bakaroM ko yAtriyoM ne kusuMbha, nIle aura zAkalikA vastra, khANDa, cAvala, siMdUra, namaka aura tela ke badale kharIda liyaa| hAtha meM lambe bAMsa le, bakaroM para savAra hokara ve vikaTa mArga se Age bddh'e| rAstA itanA saMkarA thA ki yAtriyoM kA pIche lauTanA duSkara thA, isalie saba loga paMktibaddha hokara Age hI calate cale gaye / isa patha kA nAma ajapatha hai jo bahuta bhayaMkara hai / yAtrI Age bar3ha hI rahe the ki itane meM bar3e-bar3e dhanuSa lie mlecchoM kI senA dikhAyI dii| kraya-vikraya karake ve loga vApisa lauTa gaye / bakaroM kI paMkti Age bddh'ii| paMkti meM Acera kA chaThA aura sAnudAsa kA sAtavAM sthAna thA / 1. bahI, bhAga 5, 307-422, pR0 247-58 2. yahA~ bAMsa ke lie maskara zabda' kA prayoga hai /

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160 isa samaya Acera ne vyApAriyoM ko apane-apane bakare mAra DAlane kA Adeza diyA / sAnudAsa ne kahA ki aise suvarNa ko dhikkAra hai jo prANivadha se prApta kiyA jAye (isa carcA ke lie dekhie, pIche, pR0 35-36) / sAnudAsa ne apane bakare kA vadha na kara, dUsare ke bakare ko tAr3ita kiyA / durgama mArga para calane ke kAraNa kucha hI sAthI zeSa raha gaye the / vyApAriyoM kA dala viSNupadI gaMgA para pahu~cA / sabako bhUkha laga AI thI / nAyaka ne Adeza diyA ki bakaroM ko mArakara unakA mAMsa bhakSaNa kiyA jAya aura phira unakI khAla ko ulaTa, use sIM kara or3ha liyA jAye / use isa taraha or3hA jAye ki khUna se tara huA andara kA bhAga Upara dikhAyI par3ane lage / tatpazcAt yahA~ hemabhUmi' se Ane vAle pakSI unheM mAMsapiNDa samajha AkAza-mArga se ratnadvIpa ko lekara cala 1. vasudevahiMDI meM ratnadvIpa / jaba cArudatta ke sAthI bakaroM ko mArane ke lie utArU ho gaye to cArudatta ne rudradatta se kahA--yadi mujhe aisA mAlUma hotA ki isa vyApAra meM yaha saba karanA hotA hai to maiM tuma logoM ke sAtha kabhI na AtA / isa bakare ne to jaMgala pAra karane meM kitanI sahAyatA kI hai ! rudradatta ne uttara diyA--tuma akele kyA kara sakate ho ? cArudatta-maiM apanI deha kA tyAga kara duuNgaa| tatpazcAt cArudatta ke maraNabhaya se apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha vaha usa bakare ko mArane lgaa| cArudatta use na roka sakA / cArudatta ne bakare ko dharma kA upadeza diyA aura NamokAra mantra pddh'aa| rudradatta aura usake sAthiyoM ne bakare ko mAra diyaa| bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha (18.469-482, pR0 263-4) meM isa prasaMga para sAnudAsa kahatA hai--aise suvarNa ko dhikkAra hai jisake lie prANivadha karanA par3e / yaha bakarA mujhe hI kyoM na mAra de ! yaha sunakara roSa aura viSAda ke kAraNa niSprabha huA Acera gunagunAte hue (mUla meM 'ambUkRta' zabda hai jisakA artha hotA hai hoTha banda kara gunagunAnA) bolA-are baila ! tU samaya aura asamaya ko nahIM smjhtaa| kahA~ kRpANa kA prayoga karanA cAhie aura kahA~ kRpaNoM para kRpA karanA ucita hai-yaha tU nahIM jAnatA / are siddhAMta ke paMDita ! terI karuNA spaSTa hai ki eka jarAsI bAta ke lie tU solaha AdamiyoM kA badha karanA cAhatA hai? tujhe patA hai ki isa bakare ke mAra dene para -: caudaha prANiyoM ko jIvana milegA aura na mArane para isake sAtha tuma aura hama saba rasAtala ko pahu~ca jAyeMge ! kSudra prANI kI rakSA ke lie dustyAjya apanI AtmA kA tyAga kabhI nahIM karanA cAhie / apanI AtmA kI to dArA aura dhana se sadA rakSA hI karanI cAhie / apane kathana ke samarthana meM usane bhagavadgItA kA zloka paDhA, aura jaise kRSNa ne arjuna ko kara karma karane ke lie prerita kiyA, vaise hI sAnudAsa se bhI yaha krara karma karAyA / tathA dekhiye 493-97, pR. 265)

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diye / yaha mArga samudramArga ko apekSA bhI bhISaNa thaa| mArga meM mAMsapiMDa ko apanI coMcoM se pakar3akara le jAne vAle ina gIdhoM meM yuddha hone lagA / apanI coMce mAra-mArakara unhoMne mAMsapiMDa kI khAla ko calanI banA diyaa| isa jhagar3e meM jisa mAMsapiMDa meM sAnudAsa baMda thA. vaha gIdha kI coMca se chUTakara eka tAlAba meM gira par3A / sAnudAsa ne apane zarIra ko kamalapatroM se gharSita kiyA / taTa para vetrapatha, veNupatha aura ajapatha kA ullekha bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha (18... 432-518) meM kucha vistAra ke sAtha upalabdha hai| mahAniddesa (1. 7, 55, pR0 130) meM jaNNupatha, ajapatha, meNDapatha, saMkupatha, chatapatha, vaMsapatha, sakuNapatha, mUsikapatha, daripatha aura vetapatha (vettAcAra) kA ullekha hai / saddhammapajjotikATIkA (pAli TaiksTa sosAyaTI) meM ina pathoM ko vyAkhyA dI gayI hai| vasudevahiMDI ke cArudatta kI yAtrA priyaMgupaTTana se AraMbha hotI hai / bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha kA sAnudAsa suvarNabhUmi pahu~cakara vetrapatha ke sahAre parvata para ArohaNa karatA hai / vasudevahiMDI meM yAtrA kA mArga madhya eziyA aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM malayaeziyA jAna par3atA hai| sAnadAsa kI kahAnI ke kacha aMzoM se-jaise zailodA nadI pAra karanA, bakaroM aura bher3oM kA vinimaya Adi-jAna par3atA hai ki sAnudAsa kA mArga bhI madhya eziyA kA hI mArga rahA hogA / kintu guptakAla meM suvarNadvIpa kA mahattva bar3ha jAne se kahAnI kA ghaTanA sthala madhya eziyA ke sthAna para suvarNabhUmi kara diyA gyaa| dekhie, sArthavAha, pR0 139 2. anyatra (509 loka meM bhArUNDa kA ullekha hai jaisA ki vasudevahiMDI meM hai| 3. uttarAdhyayana kI nemindrIya vRtti (18, pR0 251 a-252) meM paMcazaila dvIpa se Ane vAle bhAruDa pakSiyoM kA ullekha hai / paMcazaila prasthAna karane vAle yAtrI, samudra taTa para sthita vaTa vRkSa kI zAkhA ko pakar3a kara vRkSa para pahu~ca jAte / vahA~ tIna paira vAle soye hue pakSi yugala ke bIca ke paira ko pakar3a, usameM apane Apako eka kapar3e se bAMdha lete / garur3a pakSI ko viSNu kA vAhana kahA gayA hai| isakA AdhA bhAga manuSya kA hai aura AdhA pakSI kA / mahAbhArata (1. 16) meM isakI kathA dI hai| Pseudo Callisthenes pustaka 1.41 meM kacce mAMsa kA bhakSaNa karane vAle bRhatkAya pakSiyoM kA varNana haiN| sikandara ne usapara savArI kara AkAza kI yAtrA kI aura phira vApisa lauTa AyA / buddhaghoSa kI kathAoM meM ise hathiliMga kahA hai; isameM pA~ca hAthiyoM jitanI tAkata hotI hai| dhammapada aTThakathA ke anusAra rAnI sAmavatI ke garbhavatI hone para rAjA ne use pahanane ke lie lAla cogA diyA / hathiliMga rAnI ko mAMsakhaNDa samajhakara use AkAza meM ur3A le gayA / kathAsaritsAgara (2.1. 46-48) bhI dekhie / maDAgAskara, nyUjIlaiMDa Adi pradezoM meM ina bRhatkAya pakSiyoM kI haDDiyoM aura aNDoM ke jIvAvazeSa pAye gaye haiM, jo ina pakSiyoM ke astitva ko siddha karate haiM / dekhie. ena. ema0 peMjara, da ozana Apha sTorI, jilda 1, pR0 103-5, tathA 141 phuTanoTa /

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132 pahu~cakara kucha dera vizrAma kiyA, phira tapovana meM praveza kiyA / vahA~ pizAMga jaTA - dhArI eka muni ke darzana kiye / ' caMpAnagarI kevala pA~ca kosa raha gayI thI / vahA~ pahu~cakara sAnudAsa ne apane unhIM dhUrta mitroM se ghire hue dhruvaka ko dekhA / sAnudAsa mitroM se gale milA / jinhoMne usa para gobara kA pAnI pheMkakara use tiraskRta kiyA thA; unakA daridratA se uddhAra kiyA / dhruvaka salAha dI ki mA~ ko daridravATaka meM se lAkara apane nija ke ghara meM rakkhA jAye / jaise kubera alakAnagarI meM praveza karatA hai, vaise hI sAnudAsa ne caMpA meM praveza kiyA / rAjA ke darzana kiye / paraspara darzana sparzana ke bAda rAjA ne AbhUSaNa Adi pradAna kara sAnudAsa kA satkAra kiyA / vaha apanI mA~ se milane gayA / mA~ ne ardha pradAna kiyA / sAnudAsa ne sira se apanI mA~ ke caraNoM kA sparza kara vaMdana kiyA / apane beTe ko hAtha se pakar3akara vaha ghara ke aMdara le gayI / vahA~ pahalI patnI ko baiThe hue dekhA / sAnudAsa ne gaMgadattA, samudradinnA, siddhArthaka vaNikU, aura Acera Adi ke vRttAnta sunAye, tathA mAmA gaMgadatta dvArA satkAra kiye jAne, samudra yAtrA karane aura yAtrA karate samaya jahAja ke phaTane Adi kI kathA sunAI / sAnudAsa parivAra ke sAtha AnandapUrvaka rahane lagA / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vasudevahiMDI aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM kevala kathAoM, kathA-prasaMgoM, caritroM, caritragata vivaraNoM, adhyAyoM ke nAmoM aura vAtAvaraNa kA hI sAmya nahIM, bhASA aura zabdAvali kA bhI sAmya dekhane meM AtA "hai; yadyapi eka racanA gadya meM hai aura dUsarI padya meM / bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM kitane hI zabda aise hai jo prAkRta bhASA se jyoM-ke-tyoM le liye gaye haiM / aise bhI aneka zabdoM kA prayoga yahA~ huA hai jo aprasiddha haiM aura saMskRta sAhitya meM prAyaH anyatra nahIM milate / vasudevahiMDI aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha kI samAna vizeSatAoM kA adhyayana karane se pratIta hotA hai ki donoM graMthakartAoM ke sAmane koI aisI kathA saMbaMdhI kRti rahI hogI jisako AdhAra mAnakara unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM kI racanA kI / guNADhya kI bahatkathA ke anupalabdha hone se yaha atyanta nizcayapUrvaka kahanA kaThina hai 1. chaThA bhAga 423-518, pR0 298- 68 / 7 vAM bhAga, 592-613, pR0 274-76 8 vAM bhAga, 614-702, pR0 276-84 2. 3.

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163 ki ina kRtiyoM kA AdhAra yahI bRhatkathA thii| phira bhI isa saMbaMdha meM prophesara epha0 lAkota aura DAkTara ela0 AlsaDorpha jina niSkarSoM para pahu~ce haiM, unase patA lagatA hai ki vasudevahiMDI bRhatkathA kA rUpAntara honA cAhiye / avazya hI vasudevahiMDI kI apekSA bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha kAvya sauSThava kI zailI meM likhA huA adhika sarasa kAvyagraMtha hai jisameM kAvya chaTA ke sAtha-sAtha hAsa-parihAsa aura vyaMgya kA puTa dekhane meM AtA hai| ghaTanA cakra yahA~ adhika vistRta, vyavasthita aura pUrNa dikhAI detA hai / kAma prasaMgoM kA varNa adhika uddAmatA se kiyA huA jAna par3atA hai / vasudevahiMDI meM kitane hI prasaMga bahuta saMkSipta haiM aura kahIM to aspaSTa raha jAte haiN| grantha ke saMpAdana meM upayogI kisI zuddha prati kA upalabdha na honA bhI isakA kAraNa ho sakatA hai / jina pratiyoM kA saMpAdana meM upayoga huA hai ve aneka sthaloM para truTita haiM / phira, dharmapradhAna kathA-grantha hone se dhAmikatA kI rakSA karanA bhI Avazyaka ho jAtA hai /

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jaina kathA-sAhitya : kahAniyoM kA anupama bhaMDAra

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jainakathAoM meM vaividhya uparyukta kathana se spaSTa hai ki prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya laukika kathA-kahAniyoM kA akSaya bhaMDAra hai| kitanI hI rocaka aura manoraMjaka lokakathAe~, lokagAthAe~, nItikathAe~, daMtakathAe~ (lIjeMDsa), parIkathAe~, prANikathAe~, kalpitakathAe~, dRSTAntakathAe~, laghukathAe~, AkhyAna aura vArtAe~, Adi yahA~ upalabdha haiM jo bhAratIya saMskRti kI akSaya nidhi haiM / DA0 viMTaranitsa ke zabdoM meM, isa sAhitya meM prAcIna bhAratIya kathA sAhitya ke aneka ujjvala ratna vidyamAna haiN| suprasiddha DAkTara harTala ne jaina kathAkAroM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai ki ina vidvAnoM ne hameM kitanI aisI anupama bhAratIya kathAoM kA paricaya karAyA hai jo hameM anya kisI srota se upalabdha na ho paatiiN| jaina vidvAnoM ko kahAnI kahane kA zauka thA / vaha isalie ki janasAdhAraNa meM apane dharma kA pracAra karane kI unameM lagana thii| vizuddha dhArmika siddhAntoM kA upadeza logoM ko rucikara hotA nahIM, isalie ve usameM kisI manoraMjaka vArtA, AkhyAna athavA dRSTAMta kA samAveza kara use prabhAvakArI banAne ke lie prayatnazIla rahate the|' hama koI bhI jainoM kA dhArmika graMtha uThAkara dekhe, koI-na-koI kathA avazya miLegI-dAna kI, pUjA kI, bhakti kI, paropakAra kI, satya kI, ahiMsA athavA sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM meM tRSNA kama karane kI / ___ anupalabdha kathA-sAhitya NAyAdhammakahAo ( jJAtRdharmakathA ) jaina kathA-sAhitya kA sarvaprathama grantha hai jisameM 19 adhyayanoM meM jJAtRputra mahAvIra kI dharmakathAoM kA saMgraha hai| prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra isa grantha meM sADhe tIna karor3a kathAe~ aura utanI hI upakathAoM 1. maladhArI rAjazekharasUri ke vinodAtmaka kathAsaMgraha (1) meM kamala zreSThI kI kahAnI AtI hai / dharmAcaraNa se hIna hone ke kAraNa usake pitA ne use zikSA prApta karane ke lie jaina guruoM ke pAsa mejA / prathama guru ke nikaTa pahu~ca, upadeza dete samaya Upara-nIce jAnevAlI unakI gaLe kI ghaMTI ko vaha ginatA rhaa| dUsare guru kA upadeza zravaNa karate samaya, bila meM se nikalakara bAhara jAne vAlI cIMTiyoM kI ginatI karatA rahA / anta meM tIsare guru ne kAmazAstra ke rahasya kA prarUpaNa kara use dharma kI ora unmukha kiyA / dharmakathA ke jo AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvedanI aura nivedanI nAmake cAra prakAra kahe gaye haiM unakA tAtparya yahI hai ki pahale to zrotA ko anukUla lAne vAlI kathAyeM sunAkara use AkRSTa kiyA jAtA hai, phira pratikUla lagane vAlI kathAe~ sunAkara amukUla kathAoM kI ora se usakA mana haTAyA jAtA hai, phira yaha dhArmika vicAroM ko grahaNa karane lagatA hai, aura anta meM sAMsArika viSayabhogoM se nivRtta ho vairAgya dhAraNa karatA hai|

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168 ke hone kA ullekha milatA hai / kadAcit isa saMkhyA meM kucha atyukti ho, lekina isase itanA to patA lagatA hai ki isa grantha meM mahAvIra kI kahI huI aneka prAcIna kathAe~ vidyamAna thIM, jinameM se bahuta-so saMbhavataH Aja upalabdha nahIM haiN| kitanI hI kathAe~ aisI haiM jo pUrva paraMparA se calI AtI haiM aura jinheM 'vRddhasaMpradAya',' 'pUrvaprabaMdha', 'sampradAyagamya', 'anuzrutigamya' Adi rUpa se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai / vasudevahiNDIkAra saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka ne apanI racanA ko guruparamparAgata hI svIkAra kiyA hai / kitanI hI racanAe~ naSTa ho gayI haiM aura saMbhavataH unake upalabdha hone kI aba AzA bhI nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI samakAlIna kahI jAne vAlI sAdhvI taraMgavatI ke premAkhyAna kA varNana karane vAlI pAdalipta kI taraMgavaIkahA, tathA malayavatI, magadhasenA, malayasuMdarI, Adi kitane hI premAkhyAna upalabdha nahIM hai / prAkRta jaina kathA-sAhitya ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se patA calatA hai ki vibhinna kathA-graMthoM meM varNita eka hI kathA ke pAtroM ke nAmoM tathA ghaTanAoM Adi meM vibhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai / isase kathA-sAhitya ke vipula srota ke vidyamAna hone kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / ____ Agama sAhitya aura uttarakAlIna kathAgraMthoM kI zailI AgamoM aura AgamabAhya kathAgraMthoM kI varNana zailI meM paryApta bheda dikhAyI detA hai / Agama graMthoM kI kathAvastu kA, binA kisI sAhityika sauSThava ke, eka hI jaisI saMkSipta zailI meM varNana kiyA gayA hai / kabhI to binA TIkA-TippaNI ke ina kathAoM kA bodhagamya honA kaThina ho jAtA hai / yUropIya vidvAnoM dvArA jaina AgamagraMthoM ko 'zuSka aura nIrasa' pratipAdana kiye jAne kA yahI kAraNa ho sakatA hai| isa prasaMga meM vasudevahiMDI kI varNanazailI vizeSa rUpa se hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karatI hai / AgamagatakathA-sAhitya ke viparIta yahA~ nagara, rAjA tathA vizeSakara rAjakanyA, gaNikA Adi nAyikAoM ke samAsA~ta padAvali yukta nakha-zikha kI zailI vAle zRGgArapradhAna varNana milate haiM / vasudevahiMDI ke madhyama khaNDa ke racayitA dharmasena gaNi ne laukika zRGgAra kathAoM ke atyadhika prazaMsita ho jAne ke kAraNa apanI 1. udAharaNa ke lie, rAjagRha ke arjunaka mAlI aura moggarapANi yakSa kI kathA, je . aMtakRddazAMga sUtra meM AtI hai, use zAntyAcAryakRta uttarAdhyayana TIkA meM 'vRddhasaMpradAya ke nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| 2. AlsaDorpha ne ise 'tAra kI zailI' (TelIgrAphika sTAila) kahA hai|

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kRti prastuta kii| prAkRta jaina kathA-sAhitya ko samajhane ke liye jaina kathAoM ke vikAsa kA eka vihaMgAvalokana kara lenA Avazyaka hai / prAkRta jaina kathAoM kA vikAsa AgamabAhya kathA-sAhitya meM vasudevahiMDI kA sthAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM, bhASA aura viSaya Adi kI dRSTi se bhI yaha prAcIna hai / isa kRti meM ullikhita kathAoM kA uttarakAlIna prAkRta kathA sAhitya para gaharA prabhAva hai / ataeva isa mahattvapUrNa kRti kI katipaya kathAoM kI carcA kara denA upayogI hogaa| 1. agar3adatta kI kathA agar3adatta kA upAkhyAna pahale A cukA hai / vasudevahiMDI kI yaha kathA uttarAdhyayana kI vAdivetAla zAMtisUri (mRtyu 1040 I0) kRta ziSyahitA pAiyaTIkA aura nemicandrasUri (pUrvanAma devendragaNi) kRta sukhabodhA TIkA (1073 I. meM samApta) meM bhI AtI hai| vasudevahiMDI (pR0 35-49) ke anusAra, agaDadatta ujjainI ke rAjA jitazatru ke sArathi amodharatha aura usakI bhAryA yazomatI kA putra thA / apane pitA kA dehAnta ho jAne para vaha apane pitA ke parama mitra kauzAmbI ke dRr3haprahArI nAmaka AcArya ke pAsa zastravidyA grahaNa karane jAtA hai / vahA~ pahu~cakara gRhapati yakSAdatta kI putrI mAmadattA se usakA prema ho jAtA hai / parivrAjaka kA veSa banAkara rahane vAle cora kA patA lagAkara vaha usakA vadha kara detA hai / bhUmigRha meM jAkara usakI bhaginI se milatA hai / vaha usase bhAtRvadha kA badalA lene kA prayatna karatI hai / agar3adatta use pakar3akara rAjakula meM le jAtA hai / sAmadattA ko lekara vaha svadeza lauTatA hai / aTavI meM dhanaMjaya nAma ke cora se usakA sAmanA hotA hai| usakA vadha kara vaha unjainI vApisa lauTatA hai| agadatta sAmadattA ke sAtha udyAna yAtrA ke lie jAtA hai| sAmadattA ko sarpa Dasa letA hai| vidyAdhara yugala ke sparza se vaha cetanA prApta karatI hai| devakula meM pahu~cakara sAmadattA agar3adatta ke vadha kA prayatna karatI hai| strI nindA aura saMsAra-vairAgya ke rUpa meM kahAnI kA aMta hotA hai| sAmadattA ke nakhazikha kA varNana zRGgArayukta samAsAMta zailI meM kiyA gayA hai / agar3adatta svayaM apane caritra kA varNana prathama puruSa meM karatA hai| zAntisUri kRta uttarAdhyayana kI bRhadvRtti (4, pR0 213-16) meM bhI agar3adatta kI kathA AtI hai / 'vRddhavAda' kA ullekha kara kathA ko paramparAgata 22

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170 ghoSita kiyA gayA hai / vasudevahiMDI kI kathA kA yaha saMkSiptIkaraNa hai| sAmadattA kA kathAnaka yahA~ nahIM hai| agar3atta cora kI bhaginI ko pakar3akara rAjakula meM le jAtA hai yahIM para kathA kA anta ho jAtA hai / kathA anya puruSa meM kahI gayI hai| nemicandrasUri kI uttarAdhyayanavRtti (4, 83a-93) meM pratibuddhajIvI ke dRSTAMta rUpa meM agar3adatta kI kathA AtI hai| yahA~ bhI 'vRddhavAda' kA ullekha hai / kathA 329 gAthAoM meM hai / agar3adatta zaMkhapura nagara ke suMdara rAjA kI sulasA bhAryA kA putra thA / vaha dharma aura dayA se rahita, madya, mAMsa aura madhu kA sevI thaa| puravAsiyoM ne rAjakumAra ke durAcaraNa kI rAjA se zikAyata kI jisase rAjA ne use deza chor3akara cale jAne kA Adeza diyA / agar3adatta ne vArANasI pahu~cakara pavanacaMDa nAmaka AcArya se zastravidyA kI zikSA prApta kii| udyAna ke pAsa baMdhudatta zreSThI kI vivAhitA kanyA madanamaMjarI usakI ora AkRSTa huii| kumAra ne madanamaMjarI ko vacana diyA ki jisa dina vaha svadeza ke lie prasthAna karegA, use bhI sAtha le clegaa| agar3adatta parivrAjaka banakara rahane vAle bhujaMgama cora kA patA lagAtA hai aura usakA vadhakara, vaTa vRkSa ke nIce sthita bhUmigRha meM rahane vAlI usakI bhaginI vIramatI se milatA hai| vIramatI rAjakula meM le jAyI jAtI hai aura rAjA bhUmigRha ke samasta dhana ko jabta kara nAgarikoM meM bA~Ta detA hai| agar3adatta ke pauruSa se prasanna ho, vaha usake sAtha apanI rAjakumArI kamalasenA kA vivAha kara detA hai| kumAra madanamaMjarI ko sAtha le, ratha meM savAra ho, zaMkhapura ke lie prasthAna karatA hai| eka bhayAnaka aTavI meM duryodhana cora ke sAtha hone vAle saMgrAma meM cora mArA jAtA hai / marate samaya cora jayazrI nAma kI apanI bhAryA kA patA kumAra ko batAtA hai / vanagaja, vyAghra aura sarpa para vijaya prApta kara agar3adatta zaMkhapura pahu~catA hai| kumAra madanamaMjarI ke sAtha vasaMtakrIr3A ke lie udyAna meM jAtA hai| madanamaMjarI ko sarpa Dasa letA hai| abhimaMtrita jala se vidyAdharayugala use svastha karatA hai / devakula meM madanamaMjarI agar3adatta kI hatyA kA prayatna karatI hai| cAraNa muni kA upadeza sunakara agar3adatta pratibodha prApta karatA hai / spaSTa hai ki agar3adatta kathAnaka ke tInoM rUpAMtaroM meM zAMtisUri kA kathAnaka atyanta saMkSipta hai, jo ki vasudevahiMDI para AdhArita hai / nemicaMdrasUri kA kathAnaka

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171 vasudevahiMDI se kitanI hI bAtoM meM bhinna hai, lekina padyAtmaka hone se vasudevahiMDI jitanA yaha prAcIna nahIM jAna pdd'taa| nemicandrasUri kI uttarAdhyayana kI vRtti kI apekSA vasudevahiMDI ke kathAnaka kI bhASA maulika hone ke kAraNa adhika sarala aura svAbhAvika pratIta hotI hai / donoM kathAnakoM meM pAtroM Adi ke nAma evaM ghaTanAoM meM jo vibhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai, isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki pUrvakAla meM agar3adattacarita nAmaka koI svataMtra racanA rahI hogI, jisake AdhAra se vasudevahiMDIkAra ne apanA kathAnaka racA / zAMtisUri ne 'vistAra-bhaya ke kAraNa' ise saMkSipta rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA / nemicandrasUri kA srota saMbhavataH vasudevahiMDI ke srota se bhinna rahA ho| apane kathAnakoM kI racanA unhoMne "pUrva prabandhoM kA avalokana karake" kI hai|' 2 kokkAsa bar3haI kI kahAnI vasudevahiMDo aura buddhasvAmI ke bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha donoM meM yaha kathAnaka varNita hai / isa kathAnaka kI tulanA kI jA cukI hai / bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM kokkAsa kI jagaha pukkasaka nAma AtA hai / donoM rUpAntaroM meM kokkAsa yavana dezavAsiyoM se AkAzayaMtra vidyA kI zikSA grahaNa karatA hai / kokkAsa kI kanyA ratnAvalI aura usake kuzala zilpI dAmAda vizvila kA ullekha vasudevahiMDI meM nahIM hai / bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM vizvila AkAzayaMtra kA nirmANa karatA hai / yaMtra taiyAra ho jAne para vaha rAjA se nivedana karatA hai ki vaha yaMtra samasta nAgarikoM kA bhAra vahana karane meM sakSama hai| vizvila rAjA Adi ko garuDAkAra yaMtra meM baiThAkara, sArI pRthvI kI saira karAkara vApisa le AtA hai| vasudevahiMDI ke zilpI kokkAsa kA rAjA se kahanA thA ki usake yaMtra meM kevala do vyakti hI baiTha sakate haiM, tIsare vyakti kA bhAra vaha vahana nahIM kara sakatA / lekina mahArAnI ne yaMtra meM savAra ho, AkAza-bhramaNa kI z2ida kI / pariNAma yaha huA ki yaMtra pRthvI para A girA / kokkAsa ne do ghoTaka-yaMtroM kA nirmANa kiyA, rAjakumAra ghoTakayaMtra ko lekara AkAza meM ur3a gaye / lekina yaMtra ko lauTAne kI kIla unake pAsa nahIM thI, isalie ve lauTakara vApisa na A sake / pariNAmasvarUpa kokkAsa ke vadha kI AjJA de dI gayI / / DAkTara AlsaDorpha ne agar3adatta kathAnaka ke tInoM rUpAntaroM kA vizleSaNa karate hue, agadatta (kue~ dvArA pradAna kiyA huA), bhujaGgama (sarpa) Adi kathAnaka ke vyakti vAcaka nAmoM ke Upara se ise hajAroM varSa prAcIna kathAnakoM kI zreNI meM rakkhA hai / dekhie, e nyU varjana Apha agadattasTorI, nyU iMDiyana aiMTIkverI, jilda 1, 1938-39 /

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172 ukta donoM rUpAntaroM kA koI sAmAnya srota honA cAhie aura yaha srota guNADhya kI bRhatkathA ho sakatA hai / saMbhava hai ki agaDadatta kathAnaka kI bhA~ti prastuta kathAnaka kI bhI eka se adhika paramparAe~ rahI hoM jinakA upayoga vasudevahiMDIkAra aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgrahakAra ne apanI-apanI racanAoM meM kiyA ho / isa kathAnaka ke anya jaina rUpAntara bhI upalabdha haiM / Avazyaka niyukti (924) meM zilpa siddhi ke udAharaNa meM kokkAsa kA nAmollekha hai / jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne apanI AvazyakacUrNI ( pR0 541 ) meM kokkAsa kI kathA vistAra se dI hai / hAribhadrIya AvazyakavRtti, ( pR0 409a - 410) meM bhI yahI kathA hai / vasudevahiMDI kA kokkAsa tAmralipti kA nivAsI thA, lekina yahA~ use zUrpAraka kA nivAsI batAyA hai jo ujjainI meM Akara rahane lagA thA / yavanadeza meM jAkara zilpavidyA sIkhane kI bAta kA yahA~ ullekha nahIM hai / kokkAsa dvArA nirmita garur3ayaMtra meM rAjA apanI mahArAnI ke sAtha baiThakara AkAza kI saira kiyA karatA / jo rAjA usakI AjJA meM calane se inkAra karate, vaha unheM AkAza mArga se mAra DAlane kI dhamakI detA / rAjA kI anya rAniyA~, mahArAnI se IrSyA karane lagIM / eka bAra jaba rAjA apanI mahArAnI ke sAtha yaMtra meM savAra hokara jA rahA thA to unhoMne yaMtra kI kIla chipA dI jisase yaMtra pIche na lauTa sakA aura vaha pRthvI para gira par3A / vimAna kaliMga deza kI bhUmi para girA / kaliMgarAja ne rAjA aura rAnI ko giraphtAra kara liyA / ujjainI ke rAjakumAra ne kaliMga para car3hAI kara, apane mAtA-pitA ko mukta kiyA / zakunayaMtra dvArA samAcAra bhejane kA bhI yahA~ ullekha hai / hariSeNAcAryakRta bRhatkathAkoza (55, eka divya vardhakI batAyA hai jo strIrUpa se yukta kuzala thA / manuSya ke manamohaka strIrUpa yaMtra kA divya citrakAroM ko nIcA dikhA diyA thA / kokkAsa kI kathA kI bhI eka se adhika paramparA rahI hoMgI, tathA kAlAntara meM yavana deza kA ullekha anAvazyaka samajhakara vismRta kara diyA gayA hogA / 3 viSNukumAra kI kathA yaha kathA-prasaMga bhI vasudevahiMDI aura bahatkathAzlokasaMgraha donoM meM pAyA jAtA hai | yaha kathAnaka pahale A cukA hai / jaina kathA ke anusAra, viSNukumAra 174, pR0 83 ) meM kokAza ko zatayaMtroM kA nirmANa karane meM nirmANa kara usane kitane hI

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ne jaina zramaNoM ke pradveSTA namuci ko daNDa dene ke lie usase tIna paira (vikrama) bhUmi kI yAcanA kI / viSNukumAra ke zarIra ko bar3hatA huA dekha bhaya se saMtrasta huA namuci unake caraNoM meM gira par3A / brAhmaNa paraMparA meM isase milatI-julatI kathA viSNu bhagavAn kI AtI hai jinhoMne vAmana avatAra dhAraNa kara bali nAma ke daitya ko daMDita kiyA / bali devatAoM ko bahuta kaSTa detA thA / kaSToM se trANa pAne ke lie devatAoM ne viSNu bhagavAn kA AhvAna kiyA / bhagavAn ne vAmana kA rUpa dhAraNa kara usase tIna paga bhUmi maaNgii| pahalA paga unhoMne pRthvI para, dUsarA AkAza meM aura anya koI sthAna na milane para tIsarA paga bali ke sira para rakha, use pAtAla loka meM pahu~cA diyaa| isa kathA kA ullekha bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM pAyA jAtA hai / brAhmaNoM kI isa paurANika kathA kA ullekha guNADhya kI bRhatkathA meM rahA hogaa| Age calakara jaina paramparA meM viSNu bhagavAn ke sthAna. para viSNukumAra muni aura devatAoM ko kaSTa dene vAle bali ke sthAna para jaina zramaNoM ke pradeSTA purohita namuci kI kalpanA kara, kathA ko jainadharma ke DhAMce meM DhAla diyA gyaa| nemicandrasUri kI uttarAdhyayana-laghuvRtti (pR0245a-249a) meM yaha kathA kucha parivartana ke sAtha AtI hai| yahA~ viSNukumAra ko rAjA padmaratha aura rAnI lakSmImati ke sthAna para RSabhasvAmI ke vaMzotpanna rAjA padmottara aura mahAdevI jAlA kA putra batAyA hai / namuci ko yahA~ ujjainI ke rAjA zrIdharma kA maMtrI kahA hai jisane jaina sUri suvrata se parAjita ho, hastinApura pahu~ca rAjamaMtrI pada prApta kara liyA / viSNukumAra muni ko namuci ne tIna paga rakhane ke lie bhUmi de dI lekina sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA ki yadi tIna paga se bAhara kI jamIna para kahIM paira rakkhA to vaha usake sIra ke bAla noMca ddaalegaa| viSNukumAra kA zarIra krodhAgni se bar3hane lgaa| isa kopa ko zAnta karane ke lie indra ne devAMganAe~ bhejI jinhoMne apanI gItikA se muni kA krodha zAnta kiyaa|' isa samaya se viSNukumAra muni trivikrama nAma se prakhyAta ho gaye / vasudevahiMDI kI kathA kI apekSA nemicandrasUri kI kathA kucha vistAra-pUrvaka kahI gayI hai / hariSeNAcAryakRta bRhatkathAkoza meM bhI viSNukumAra kA kathAnaka AtA hai / bahuta-sI bAtoM meM uttarAdhyayanavRtti se isakA sAmya hai / rAjA zrIdhara ke 1. saparasaMtAvo dhammavaNavihAvasU / duggaigamaNaheU kovo tA uvasamaM karesu bhayavaM / /

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174 bali, bRhaspati, prahlAda aura namuci nAmaka cAra maMtrI haiN| maMtriyoM ne jaina zramaNa zrutasAgara ke vadha kA prayatna kiyA / rAjA ne cAroM ko deza se bahiSkRta kara diyA / hastinApura pahu~cakara unhoMne rAjA mahApadma kA maMtritva prApta kara liyA / svadeza para AkramaNa karane vAle rAjA siMhabala ko parAjita karane ke kAraNa mahApadma ne bali ko vara pradAna kiyA / balI ne sAta dina paryanta rAjya karane kA vara mA~gA / nagara turata hI yajJazAlAe~ sthApita kara dI gaIM aura berokaToka mahiSa, ajA Adi pazuoM kA vadha kiyA jAne lagA / jaina zramaNa pratyAkhyAna kA avalaMbana grahaNa kara kAyotsarga meM sthita ho gaye / viSNukumAra saMgha kI rakSA ke lie mithilA se hastinApura pahu~ce / vAmana kA rUpa dhAraNa kara sabhA meM sthita bali ke samakSa ve vedadhvani kA uccAraNa karane lage / unhoMne tIna paga bhUmi kI yAcanA kI / eka paira unhone meru parvata para, dUsarA mAnuSottara parvata para rakkhA aura jaba tIsarA paira rakhane kA sthAna na milA to use ghumAkara kahane lage ki batAo ise kahA~ rakhA jAye ? bhaya se saMtrasta hue kinnaroM aura vidyAdharo ne usa caraNa kI pUjA kii| zAsana devatAoM ne bali ko baMdhana meM bAMdha liyA aura use gadhe para car3hAkara nagara meM ghumAyA / kinnaroM aura vidyAdharoM ne viSNu muni se apane caraNa ko sikor3a lene kI prArthanA kI / vidyAdharoM ko vINAe~ pradAna kI gayIM / vasudevahiMDI ke mUla kathAnaka meM kitanA parivartana kara diyA gayA / bali daitya ke sthAna para bali nAmaka maMtrI aura vAmana avatAra kI kalpanA kara jaina kathAkAroM ne brAhmaNa paramparA ko akSarazaH mAnya kara liyA / 4. cArudatta kI kathA nAma cArudatta kI kathA kI tulanA kI jA cukI hai / vasudevahiMDI kA cArudatta zreSTha bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha kA sAnudAsa vaNik hai / cAru nAmaka muni ke saMbaMdha se cArudatta aura sAnu nAmaka digaMbara muni ke saMbaMdha se sAnudAsa rakkhA gayA / cArudatta aura sAnudAsa donoM ke mitroM kI nAmAvalI meM koI aMtara nahIM hai / donoM pulinataTa para patracchedya meM samaya vyatIta karate haiN| donoM kathAnakoM meM pulinataTa para bane hue padacihnoM ko dekhakara vidyAdhara aura usakI priyA kA patA lagAte haiN| donoM meM patroM se AkIrNa latAgRha meM pahu~cate haiM / lohe kI kIloM se baMdhe hue vidyAdhara ko baMdhana se mukta karate haiM / donoM jagaha vidyAdhara kA nAma amitagati hai aura vaha apanA samasta vRttAnta sunAtA hai / vasudevaDiMDI meM usakI priyA kA

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175 nAma sukumAlikA aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM kusumAlikA hai / eka meM dhUmasiMha aura dUsare meM aMgAraka usakA apaharaNa karake le jAtA hai / / Age calakara puSkara madhupAna, gaNikA ke ghara rahanA, vahA~ se niSkAsita kiye jAnA, dhanArjana kara ghara lauTakara Ane kI pratijJA, vetrapatha, zaMkupatha, ajapatha pArakara deza-videza kI yAtrA, bhAruNDa pakSiyoM dvArA ratnadvIpa meM le jAyA jAnA; tathA vINAvAdana kI zikSA, gaMdharvadattA ke sAtha vivAha, aura viSNu gItikA Adi kathA-prasaMgoM meM vasudevahiMDI aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha meM itanI adhika sAmyatA hai ki kitane hI sthaloM para artha ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie eka dUsare kA avalaMbana liyA jA sakatA hai / donoM kI bhASA bhinna hone para bhI samAna bhASA kI abhivyakti aura samAna zabdoM kA prayoga dekhane meM AtA hai| cArudatta (bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha ke sAnudAsa) ke kathAnaka ko dekhakara yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa kathAnaka kA srota koI guNADhya kI bRhatkathA jaisI suprasiddha racanA rahI hogii| hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza (93) meM cArudatta kA kathAnaka sAmAnya heraphera ke sAtha varNita hai / pulinataTa para padacihnoM kI ghaTanA kA yahA~ atyanta saMkSipta ullekha hai / amitagati ke mitra kA nAma goramuMDa hai, gaurIpuMDa nahIM / kadalI vRkSa meM vidyAdhara ko kIlita karane kA ullekha hai, kadamba vRkSa meM nahIM / cArudatta vasaMtasenA gaNikA ke ghara se niSkAsita hokara vastra se mu~ha DhaMkakara apane ghara jAtA hai| vyApAra ke lie kharIdI huI kapAsa vana kI agni se bhasma hotI hai, cUhe ke dvArA le jAI gaI dIye kI battI se nahIM / samudrayAtrA ke samaya chaha bAra jahAja ke TUTane kA ullekha hai / iSuvegA kI jagaha kAMDavegA nadI kA aura TaMkaNa deza kI jagaha TaMkaNa parvata kA nAma AtA hai / kevala cArudatta aura rudradatta hI bakaroM para savAra hokara yAtrA karate haiM / kathA ke aMta meM cArudatta jainI dIkSA grahaNa kara letA hai / sulasA aura yAjJavalkya kI kathA bhI isa kathAnaka ke sAtha jor3a dI gayI hai| jisase patA lagatA hai ki saMghadAsa gaNi vAcaka kRta vasudevahiMDI granthakAra ke sAmane thA / prAcIna kathAnakoM meM samayAnusAra kisa gati se saMzodhana-parivartana hotA calatA hai, yaha kathA-sAhitya ke vikAsa ke adhyayana ke lie Avazyaka hai / jinasena ke harivaMza purANa (783 I0 meM samApta) meM bhI cArudatta kI kathA AtI hai|

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5 prasannacandra aura valkalacIrI kI kathA ___ vasudevahiMDI (pR0 16-20) kI rAjA prasannacandra aura RSikumAra valkalacIrI saMbaMdhI kathA ko vasudevahiMDI ke ullekhapUrvaka jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne AvazyakacUrNI (pR0 456-60) prAyaH akSarazaH uddhRta kiyA hai / Avazyakaniyukti meM bhI isakA ullekha hai / vasudevahiMDI ke kartA saMghadAsagaNi ko yaha kathA guruparamparA se prApta huI hogI / ullekhanIya hai ki RSibhASita meM nArada, valkalacIrI, bhAradvAja, yAjJavalkya Adi RSiyoM ko ajinasiddha (jinabAhya-siddha) mAnA gayA hai|' vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke AdikANDa meM RSyazRGga kI kathA se isa kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| RSyazRGga kA apane pitA ke dvArA vana meM pAlana-poSaNa huA thaa| praur3hAvasthA ko prApta hone taka usane anya kisI manuSya ke darzana nahIM kiye the| aMga ke rAjA lomapAda ne brAhmaNoM kI salAha se aneka yuvatiyoM kI sahAyatA dvArA use apane pAsa maMgavAkara apanI kanyA kA vivAha usase kara diyA / bauddhoM kI udAna-aTThakathA aura dhammapada-aTThakathA (2, pR0 209 Adi) meM bhI yaha kathA kucha rUpAntara ke sAtha upalabdha hai / isa prakAra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nizcaya hI prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya ke vikAsa meM upayogI ho sakatA hai| 6 lalitAMga kI kathA sArthavAha putra lalitAMga kI kathA kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| vasudevahiMDI (pR0 9-10) meM lalitAMga ke dRSTAMta dvArA garbhAvAsa ke dukhoM kI ora lakSya kiyA hai / haribhadrasUri ne apanI samarAicca-kahA meM lalitAMga, azoka aura kAmAMkura ko ujjainI ke rAjakumAra samarAditya kA mitra batAyA hai jo eka sAtha baiThakara kAmazAstra kI carcA meM samaya vyatIta karate haiM / hemacandra ke pariziSTa parva (3. 19. 215-75) meM bhI yaha kathA AtI hai / jo bahuta kucha vasudevahiMDI kI kathA para AdhArita hai| kathA kA upasaMhAra donoM meM eka jaisA hai| Age calakara somaprabhasUri ke kumArapAlapratibodha meM zIlavatI-kathAnaka ke antargata lalitAMga, azoka, ratikeli aura kAmAMkura ko naMdipura ke rAjA kA mitra kahA hai| rAjA zIlavatI ke pati kI anupasthiti meM apane mitroM ko zIlavatI ke zIla kI parIkSA ke lie bhejatA hai| 1. tathA dekhie sUtrakRtAMga 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, pR0 94 a-95; catuHzaraNaTIkA 64

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177 7 madhubindu dRSTAMta madhubiMdu dRSTAMta kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| vasudevahiMDI meM sAMsArika viSayabhogoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA siddha karane ke lie yaha dRSTAMta diyA hai / tatpazcAt haribhadrasUri kI samarAiccakahA, amitagati kI dharma-parIkSA aura hemacandrAcArya kI sthavirAvali meM isa dRSTAMta kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| mahAbhArata aura bauddhoM ke avadAna sAhitya meM yaha upalabdha hai| isa prakAra ke kathAnakoM kI gaNanA 'zramaNa kAvya' ke antargata kI gayI hai / vizvakathAsAhitya meM isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / ina saba dRSTiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya kA adhyayana avazya hI upayogI siddha hogaa| saubhAgya se prAkRta sAhitya ke adhyayana kI ora vidvAnoM kI ruci bar3hatI jA rahI hai, lekina adhyayana kI sAmagrI jaisI cAhie, vaisI hama abhI taka nahIM taiyAra kara sake haiN| prAkRta kathAoM ke eka vizvakoSa (ensAiklopIDiyA) kI AvazyakatA hai jisameM prAkRta kathAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA jA sake / prAkRta ke eka sarvAMgINa koza kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai, abhI taka 42 varSa purAne pAiyasaddamahaNNavo se hI hama kAma calAte A rahe haiM / prAkRta kathA-granthoM ke AlocanAtmaka vaijJAnika DhaMga se susaMpAdita saMskaraNoM kI AvazyakatA hai jisase kathA sAhitya kA vaijJAnika adhyayana kiyA jA sake / prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA adhyayana aneka dRSTiyoM se upayogI hai| sarvaprathama isameM lokajIvana kA jaisA yathArthavAdI laukika citraNa milatA hai, vaisA vaidika saMskRta sAhitya athavA bauddha pAli sAhitya meM nahIM milatA / vaidika sAhitya kI kahAniyA~ prAyaH paurANika haiM jinakA prAiveTa taura para hI paThana-pAThana hotA rahA hai, ataeva lokajIvana ke nikaTa ve nahIM A sakIM / vaidika kathAoM ke namUne mahAbhArata, kathAsaritsAgara, dazakumAracarita, taMtrAkhyAyikA, hitopadeza Adi racanAoM meM dekhe jA sakate haiM / bauddha kathA-sAhitya ne avazya isa dizA meM pragati kI / lokajIvana saMbaMdhI kathA-kahAniyoM ne yAyAvara bauddha bhikSuoM ke hAtha meM par3akara lokatAMtrika rUpa dhAraNa kiyA / phira bhI, jaina kathA-kahAniyoM jaisI vyApakatA ina kahAniyoM meM na A sakI / isakA kAraNa batAte hue DAkTara harTala ne likhA hai ki jaina kathAkAra bauddha kathAkAroM kI bhA~ti na to buddha ke atIta jIvana kI kahAnI ko pramukhatA dete the aura na bodhisatva ke rUpa meM unake bhaviSya jIvana kI kahAnI ko; bauddha kathAoM kI 23

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bhA~ti sIdhA upadeza bhI unakI kathAoM meM nahIM rahatA thA / vastutaH dharmopadeza jaina kathA-kahAniyoM kA aMga rahA hai jasA ki kahA jA cukA hai, lekina prAyaH kahAnI ke aMta meM hI aisA hotA hai, jabaki kevalI apanI dharmadezanA sunAte haiM aura nAyakanAyikA zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiM / isake atirikta, dharma, artha aura kAma nAmaka puruSArthoM kI poSaka tathA dharmakathA ke antargata nItikathA meM garbhita kI jAne vAlI dhUrtI, mUoM, viToM aura kuTTiniyoM kI kathAe bhI yahA~ pAI jAtI haiM / banija-vyApAra ke lie samudra yAtrA para jAne vAle sArthavAhoM kI kahAniyA~ vizeSa rUpa se hamArA dhyAna AkarSita karatI hai / prAkRta jaina kathA-sAhitya kI ina vizeSatAoM kA pAli sAhitya meM prAyaH abhAva dikhAyI detA hai| kathAnaka rUDhiyA~ aura lokajIvana kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM (moTipha) kA jitanA upayoga prAkRta sAhitya meM huA hai, utanA saMskRta sAhitya meM nahIM huA / prAkRta sAhitya meM vividha AnuSaMgika prasaMgoM kI yojanA kisI-na-kisI 'moTipha' ke lie kI gayI hai / kAraNa ki ye kathAe~ loka-pracalita kathAoM para AdhArita haiM aura loka-kathAoM meM kathAnaka rUr3hiyA~ bharapUra mAtrA meM pAI jAtI haiM, jo ina kathAoM kI samRddhi kA kAraNa hai / lokakathAoM meM purAnI kathAnaka rUr3hiyA~ apracalita hotI jAtI haiM aura nayI rUr3hiyA~ jur3atI jAtIhaiM / isa dRSTi se prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya kA adhyayana lokakathA ke adhyetAoM ke lie upayogI hai| isase kathAoM ke kramika vikAsa tathA kathAoM ke antarrASTrIya saMbaMdhoM para prakAza par3atA hai aura isa bAta kA patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki kaunasI kahAnI ne kisa kAla meM bhArata choDakara videzayAtrA kI aura kaunasI kahAnI videza se calakara bhAratIya kahAniyoM kA abhinna aMga bana gaI / mAnavatAvAda ke siddhAMta kA isase yathocita samarthana hotA hai / / bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se mahattva sAMskRtika mahattva ke atirikta, prAkRta jaina-kathA sAhitya kA bhASA vaijJAnika mahattva bhI kama nahIM / prAkRta ke pazcAt apabhraMza, hindI, gujarAtI, aura rAjasthAnI bhASAoM meM jaina vidvAnoM ne kathA-sAhitya kI racanA jArI rakkhI / pariNAmasvarUpa ina bhASAoM kI zabdAvali, zabda-racanA, muhAvare, vyAkaraNa, chanda Adi para prAkRta kA prabhAva par3anA svAbhAvika thA / isa dRSTi se khAsakara jUnI gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI bhASAoM kA adhyayana bahuta upayogI hai /

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179 isa saMbaMdha meM kalikAlasarvajJa kahe jAne vAle tathA gujarAta meM jaina saMskRti ke parama pratiSThAtA AcArya hemacandrakRta, bhArata-yUropIya Arya bhASAoM ke sAhitya kI amUlya nidhi dezInAmamAlA kA ullekha Avazyaka hai / dezI zabdoM kA bar3A se bar3A yaha saMkalana prAkRta, apabhraMza, evaM uttarabhAratIya Adhunika bhASAoM meM pAye jAne vAle dezI zabdoM ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / hemacandra ke zabdoM meM, mahArASTra, vidarbha, aura AbhIra Adi dezoM meM prasiddha zabdoM kA hI yahA~ saMkalana kiyA gayA hai; kintu aise zabdoM kI saMkhyA ananta hone se jIvana-bhara bhI unakA saMkalana saMbhava nahIM, ataeva anAdikAla se pracalita prAkRta bhASA ke vizeSa zabdoM ko hI yahA~ liyA gayA hai / manoraMjaka sAhityika kathAnakoM kI apekSA lokakathAoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai / inameM lokajIvana saMbaMdhI sukha-dukhoM kA pratibiMba dekhane ko milatA hai / vastutaH bhAratIya kathA - sAhitya kA itihAsa adhikAMza rUpa meM bhAratIya cintana, dharma aura rIti-rivAja kA hI itihAsa hai-lAkota kA yaha kathana nissandeha satya hai / bhAratIya kathA sAhitya ke adhyetA viMTaranitsa ne bhAratIya kathA-kahAniyoM ko bhAratIya mastiSka kI sarvazreSTha upaja kahA hai; ina kathA-kahAniyoM ne vAstavika sAhitya ke pada ko prApta kiyA hai aura ye adhikAMza rUpa meM anya sabhya dezoM kI apekSA adhika prAcIna haiM / bhArata kI bhUmi ko unhoMne kathA - kahAnI aura pazu-pakSiyoM kI kathA-kahAniyoM ke aviSkAra ke lie vizeSa rUpa se anukUla batAyA hai / punarjanma ke siddhAnta meM vizvAsa rakhane ke kAraNa, manuSyoM aura pazuoM meM bheda hone se bhAratIya kathAoM meM pazu-pakSiyoM ko bhI kathA ke nAyaka hone kA avasara prApta ho sakA hai| isake sivAya, bhAratIya kalpanAzakti ke atizaya prAcurya ko saMtuSTa karane ke lie kathAkAroM ko amAnavIya lokoM kI kalpanA karanI par3I / phira, bhArata hamezA se sAdhu-saMtoM aura tIrthasthAnoM ke yAtriyoM kA deza rahA hai; aisI hAlata meM dUsaroM ko apanI ora AkarSita karane ke lie, tathA dharma aura nIti kA upadeza dene ke lie kathA-kahAniyoM kA Azraya grahaNa kiyA gayA / paraspara manoraMjana ke lie bhI kathA-kahAniyoM kA jIvana meM pramukha sthAna rahA, yadyapi ye kahAniyA~ hamezA dhArmika nahIM huA karatI thIM / laukika kathAe~ paurANika kathAoM evaM pazu-pakSiyoM Adi kI kAlpanika kathAoM (phebalsa) se bhinna haiM / paurANika kathAoM meM jJAna kI pipAsA

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180 zAnta karane athavA dhArmika AvazyakatA kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai, jabaki kAlpa nika kathAoM meM upadezAtmaka pravRtti kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki laukika kathA-kahAniyoM kA astittva logoM meM tabhI se calA AtA hai jabaki sAhitya meM unakA praveza bhI nahIM huA thA / sarvaprathama prAkRta sAhitya meM unheM sthAna prApta huA jabaki kAlpanika kathAoM kA udbhava sAhitya meM huA aura inheM saMskRta sAhitya meM sthAna milA / ' _prAkRta jaina kathA-sAhitya ke adhyetA prophesara harmana jaikobI (1884 meM sekreDa buksa Apha da ISTa sIrIz2a meM jaina sUtroM kA prathama bhAga prakAzita), DAkTara maurisa viMTaranitsa 'bhAratIya sAhitya kA itihAsa' ke kramazaH 1904, 1908, 1913 aura 1920 meM cAra bhAga prakAzita) tathA DA0 je0 harTala (1922 meM 'Ana da liTarecara Apha zvetAMbara jainsa Apha gujarAta' nAmaka laghu kintu mahattva pUrNa pustikA prakAzita) Adi aneka videzI vidvAnoM ne prAkRta kathA-sAhitya ke kSetra meM anupama yogadAna diyA hai / kyA inase prerita hokara hamAre vidvAn prAkRta kathA-sAgara ke bahumUlya muktAoM ko DhUMr3ha nikAlane meM prayatnazIla na hoMge ? / 10 viTaranitsa; hisTrI Apha iMDiyana liTarecara; jilda 3; bhAga 1; pR0 301, 331,303

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aMga 176 aMga janapada 148 aMgamandira 132 aMgAraka 143, 175 aMguttaranikAya 8, 8 (Ti.) aMjanAsundarIkathA 107 aMDaka (a.) 104 aMdhakavRSNi 119 aMzumAna 49, 56 (Ti.) agaDadatta 13, 14, 168, 170 agnizarmA purohita 105 ajapatha 36 ajitasena 47 anaMgavalI (mandhulI) 10 (Ti.) 28 anantakIrtikathA 107 anuyogadvArasUtra 27 antakRddazA 54 antarrASTrIya prAcya vidyA pariSad roma 117 (Ti.) antarvedI 43 apabhraMza 112 (Ti.) aphrIkA 50 (Ti.), 84 (Ti.) abdhimanthana 10 (Ti.) abhayakumAra 71 (Ti.) amarazakti 75 amitagati 17, 98 (Ti.), 139. 142, 148, 175 amerikana orieMTala sIsAyaTI (jarnala) 72 (Ti.) amogharatha 13, 169 araba 50 (Ti.) arabI 76 (Ti.) sUcI ariSTanemi 107 arebiyana nAiTsa 89 (Ti.) arjuna 151, 160 arthadIpikAvRtti (zrAvaka pratikramaNasUtra para) 112 (Ti. ) ardhamAgadhI 7 bharnesTa lAyamAna 27 (Ti.) avaMtirAja 53 azoka 20, 20 (Ti. 176 AMdhra 43 AMdhradeza 44 Ti.) AkhyAnakamaNikoSa 39 (Ti.) AcArAMgacUrNI AcArAMganiryukti 111 (Ti.) AcArya vIrabhadra 27 6 uu Acera 159, 160, 162 Ajakala 57 (Ti.) AtmAnanda jaina granthamAlA 28 ( Ti . ) Ana da liTarecara Apha da zvetAmbara jainsa oNpha gujarAta 77 (Ti.) 180 (Ti.) 94 AbhIra 179 Ara. sI. Taimpala 17 (Ti.) ArakSita 108 Avata 45 (Ti.) AvazyakacUrNI 4 (Ti.), 6 (Ti.), 59 (Ti.), 60 (Ti.), 62 (Ti.), 63 (Ti.) 72 (Ti.), 77, 81 (Ti.', 84 (Ti.), 85 (Ti.), 86 (Ti.), 89 (Ti.), 90 (Ti.), 91 (Ti.), 102 (Ti.), 108 (Ti.), 109 (Ti.), 119 122 (Ti.), Avazyaka niyukti 60 (Ti.), 67 (Ti), 71 (Ti.), 72 (Ti.) 84 (Ti.), 85 (Ti.), 102 (Ti.), 103 (Ti.), 122 (Ti.), 172, 176 AvazyakavRtti 73

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Avazyaka hAribhadrIya 60 (Ti.), 67 Ti) 71 (Ti.), 84 (Ti.), 85 (Ti.), 90 (Ti.), AsaDa 107 iNDiyana kalcara 89 (Ti.) iNDocIna 77 sushan 77 indra 72 (Ti.), 151 indumatI 10 (Ti.) indulekhA 28 iSuvegA 35, 175 islAma 98 (Ti.) Izvaradatta 63 (Ti.). IsA 119 IsAI 98 (Ti.) umbarAvatI 34 ugrasena 17 (Ti.) uccasthala 40 ujjayinI 71, 122 (Ti.) ujjainI 13, 46, 59 (Ti.), 109, 169, 172, 176 uttarAdhyayana 14 (Ti.), 54, 94 (Ti.), 94, 96 (Ti.), 100 (Ti.), 104 114 (Ti.), 161 (Ti.), - TIkA 147 (Ti.), - niyukti 100 (Ti.), - vRtti 169, 170, 171, 173 uttarA 151 uttarApatha 42 udayana ( vatsarAja ) 119, 120, 123 147 (Ti.) udAna aTThakathA 176 udumbarikasIhanAda 11 (Ti.), udyotanasUri ( dAkSiNyacihna) 10, 15, 27 108, 110, 112 (Ti.) 112 upakozA 46 (Ti.) upadezakaMdali 107 82 upadezapada 59 (Ti.), 71 (Ti.), 72 (Ti.), 73, 73 (Ti.), 74 (Ti.), 103 (Ti.) 104 (Ti.) 107, 110 113 upadezamAlA 107, 110 upadezamAlAprakaraNa (puSpamAlA prakaraNa ) 107 upadezaratnAkara 107 upAsakadazA 54 Rgveda 72 (Ti.) RSabha 107, 108 - deva 119 RSibhASita 176 RSyazrRMga 176 eNIputra 18, 19, 119 (Ti.) ena. ema. peMjara 50 (Ti.) 161 (Ti ) e nyU varjana Apha agaDadattasTorI 171 Ti. ) nyU iNDiyana aiMTIkverI epha. lAkota 117 e. bI. kItha 118 (Ti.) ema. blUmaphIlDa 72 ema. vinTaranitsa 50 (Ti.) ema. vI. emeniyana 84 (Ti.) 100 (Ti.) elASADha 109 elAsADha 109 (Ti0.) eziyA 50 (Ti.) 161 (Ti.) eseTika liTarecara ina eMziyaMTa iNDiyA 96 (Ti.) 98 (Ti.), aisa. ena. dAsaguptA 132 (Ti.) aupapAtika sUtra 3 (Ti.), aurazrIya (adhyayana) 104 kaMcanapura 126 kaMDarIka 58, 59, 109, kaMDigazAlA 121 kaMsa 18 kathAmaNikoSa 55 kathAkoSa prakaraNa 47 (Ti.) kathAmaNikoSa (AkhyAnamaNikoSa) 106

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kathAmukha 119 kathAsaritsAgara 3 (Ti.), 46, 59 (Ti.) 62 (Ti.), 65, 76 (Ti.) 77, 78, 81 (Ti.), 83 (Ti., 84 (Ti.), 91 (Ti.), 97 (Ti.), 117, 117, (Ti.), 118, 118 (Ti.), 120, 121 (Ti.), 123 (Ti.), 134 (Ti.) 161 (Ti.), 177 kathotpatti 119 kanakamaMjarI 3, 4, 14 (Ti.), kanakaratha 16, kamalapura 34 kamalazreSThI 167 (Ti.) kamalasenA 56, 170 kamalAmelA 17 (Ti.), karaNAnuyoga , karNATaka 7, 43, 44 kalakattA 96 (Ti.) kalAvilAsa 57 (Ti.) kaliMgadeza 172 kaliMgarAja 172 kaliMgasenA 120, 128, 129, 129 (Ti.), 131 kalpasUtra 105, 107 kahANayakosa 55, 106, 110 kahArayaNakosa (kathAratnakoSa) 55, 106, 110, 113 kahAvali 55, 110 kAMDavegA 175 kAkajaMgha 122 kAdaMbarI 4 (Ti.) 10 (Ti.) 112 (Ti.) kApilIya 94 kAmAMkura 20, 20, (Ti.) 176 kAlakAcArya 106 kAlika 108 kAlikAyariyakahANaya 106, 110 kAliMdasenA 120, 126, 128, 129 (Ti.) kAlIyadvIpavAsIazva (a.) 104 kAvyAdarza 112 (Ti.) kAvyAnuzAsana 1. (Ti.), 111 Ti.), 113 (Ti.), kAzI 123 kAzmIra 4 (Ti.), kAzmIrI 58, 120 kAzyapasthalaka 143 kortivijayagaNi 77 (Ti.) kora (kullU kAMgar3A) 43 kuDaMgadvIpa 98 kukkasa 121, 121 (Ti.), kukkAsa 121 (Ti.) kukkusa 121 (Ti.) kumArapAla 106 kumArapAlapratibodha 20 (Ti.), 48 (Ti.) 46 (Ti.) 106. 176, kumAravAlapaDiboha 110 kummAputtacariya 108 kuvalayacaMdra 23, 25 106, kuvalayamAlA 10 (Ti.), 15, 15 (Ti.), 23, 24, 25 (Ti.), 26 (Ti.), 27, 27 (Ti.), 38 39 (Ti.), 43, 44, 53, 55, 61 (Ti.), 61, 99 (Ti.), 100 (Ti.), 103 (Ti.), 106, 110, 112, 121 (Ti.', kuvalayAvalI 25, 26, kusumAlikA 143, 175 kusumAvalI 21, 22, kustunatuniyA 50 (Ti.) kUTavANija jAtaka 62 (Ti.) kUTidUsaka jAtaka 84 (Ti.) kUrma (adhyayana) 104 kRSNa 16, 37, 105, 108, 124, 126, 128, 160, kRSNacarita 108

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kaitumatI 14 (Ti.), gaMdharvadattAlAmekembrija 83 (Ti) campApravezasarga 149 (Ti.) kaikayI 19 gaMdharvadattAvivAha 119 kokasa 121 (Ti.) gaMdharvaveda 144 kokAsa 121 (Ti.) gAMdhAragrAma 151 kokkasa 121 (Ti.) gAthAkoSa 114 kokkAsa 121 (Ti.) 121, 122, 171, gAthAsaptazatI 12 (Ti.), 172, gujarAta 63 (Ti.) 110 178 kokkosa 121 (Ti.) gujarAtI 178 guNacandragaNi (devabhadrasUri) 55 koramaMgala 100 (Ti.) guNacandragaNi 106, 108, kozala 41, 43, guNapAlamuni 108 kozaladesa 44 guNasena 105 kautuhala 4, 4 (Ti.), 10, 10 (Ti.), 25 guNADhya 19 (Ti), 27, 28, 71 Ti.), kaurava 14, 76 (Ti.) 77, 110, 117, 118 kauzAmbI 13, 46, 123, 169 (Ti.),120 162, 172, 173 175, guptakAla 161 (Ti.) kauzikamuni 142, 143 kvArTI janarala Apha da mithika gurjara 43, 44, guhilota 110 sosAyaTI paMgalUra 118 (Ti. gokapilIya adhyayana 96 (Ti.) kSemendra 56, 57 (Ti), 58 (Ti.), 63 (Ti.), godAvarI 26 76 (Ti.) 117. 118 gomukha 65 120, 125, 125 (Ti.), 126, khaNDacarma 157 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, khaMDapANA 109 135, 136, 137, 138, 139 khaMDA 109 (Ti.) 140, 141, 142, 152, 153, khaTvAghaTanavijJAna 123 (Ti.) goramuMDa 175 khasa 35 gorocanA 10 (Ti.), khuhakanikAya 8 gaMgadatta 157, 162 gaMgadattA 154, 155, 156, 162 gautamagotra 143 gaMgA 105 gautamabuddha 11, gaMdharva 151 gaurapuNDa 175 gandharvakumAra 15 caupannamahApurisacariya 108, 110, gaMdharvadattA 14. (Ti.); 17, 19, 143, caMDasoma 99 (Ti.) 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, caMpA, 36, 39, 45, 56, 143, 148, 149, 150, 151, 175 149, 158, 162, gaMdharvadattAlabhaka 119 caMpApraveza 119 gaMdharvadattAlAbha 119 - catuHzaraNaTIkA 176 (Ti.) golla 43,

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185 candana 60 candanabAlA 108 candra 48 candradvIpa 40 candrapurI 74 (Ti.) candraprabha mahattara 108 caMdrAbhA 16, caraNAnuyoga 8 cANakya 75 cAru 132 cAmdatta 17, 33, 31, 35, 36, 132, 135, 13, 138, 143, 144, 145, 147, 152, 153, 156, - 160 (Ti.), 161 (Ti.), 174, 175 cArumatI 28 cArumuni 174 cArusvAmI 137, 138, 139, cAlukya 110 cAhamAna 110 citta 147 (Ti.) citrAMgada 25, 26, cIna 34, 42, 46, cInI 35 ceTaka (pravahikA) 10 (Ti.) ceTakakathA 26 caisTiTI TaisTa 92 (Ti.) jaMbU 108 jambUcarita 108 jambUsvAmI 108 (Ti.) jagadIzacandra jaina 16, (Ti.) 38, 47 (Ti.), 57, (Ti.) 59 (Ti.), 85 (Ti.) jaTila 110 anamejaya 14, 151, jamadagni 5 jayakIrti 107 jayagrIva 144 jayantI caritra 108 jayazrI 40 jayasiMhasUri 107 jayasena 124, 125, 126, jaranala Apha amerikana orieMTala sosAiTI 84 (Ti.) 100 (Ti.) jarAsaMdha 18 jAtaka 4 (Ti.), 78, 92, 93 jAvA 34 jitazatru 169 jinacandrasUri 107 jinadatta 45 (Ti.) jinadattAkhyAna 45, 110, 113, 114, jinadAsa 6 jinadAsagaNi mahattara 6 105, 119, 176, jinapAlita 45, 104, jinabhadragaNi (kSamAzramaNa) 28 jinamANikya 108 jinarakSita 45, 104, jinavijayagaNi 77 (Ti.) jinaharSagaNi 16 (Ti.) jinezvarasUri 47 (Ti.) 55 106, 114, jImUtavAhana 121 (Ti.) jIrNadhana 62 (Ti.) jaina 11, 77, 92 (Ti.) 93, 96, 95, 100 (Ti.), 174, jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja 85 (Ti.) 121 (Ti.) jaina prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa 16 (Ti.) jainarAmAyaNa 19, 108 jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka27 (Ti.) jainAja ina iNDiyana liTarecara89 (Ti.) jJAtRdharmakathA 54, 104 jJAtRputra mahAvIra 168 jhuTanaka (pazu) 103 TaMkaNadeza 35, 175 TaMkaNaparvata 175 24

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Toppa 46 DablyU0 skITa 83 (Ti.) DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye 39 (Ti.), 55 (Ti.) DaoN. ela. AlsaDorpha 117, 163, 168 (Ti.) 171, DiksanarI Apha phokalora 92 (Ti.) Dhakka 43 DhoDha zivA 109 (Ti.) NANapaMcamIkahA (jJAnapaMcamI kathA ) 110, 114 (Ti.) NAyAdhammaka hAo 45 (Ti.) 168 taMtrAkhyAna 75 tantrAkhyAyikA 76, 76 (Ti.), 177, takSazilA 40 tattvArthasUtra 26 (Ti.) tathAgata 8 tapaMtaka 125, 125, (Ti.), 130, 132 taraMgalolA 27 taraMgavaIkahA 27, 27 (Ti.) 55. 110, 168 157, 159, 172, taraMgavatI 26, 27. 108, 110, 168 tAjika 43, 44 tAmralipti 33, 33 (Ti.), 121, 122, tArA 48, 48 (Ti.) tilakamaMjarI 4 (Ti.), 27 tuMbarU 147 tumbarucUrNa 35 tumburana 144 tulAdhArajAjalisaMvAda 96 (Ti.) tripuruSacaritra 110 trivikrama 4 (Ti.), 186 thANu 38, 39, 61, da auzana oNpha sTorI 17 (Ti.), 50 (Ti.) 161 (Ti.) daMtavakra 18 106 dakSiNApatha 40 daNDI ( mahAkavi ) 58 (Ti.) 112 (Ti.), dattaka 148, 149, 150, 151, 156, dattavAhaka 150 daddabhajAtaka 81 (Ti.) damaghoSa 18, da lAipha iNDeksa 92 (Ti.) da vasudevahiMDI e spesimaina Apha Arkika jainamahArASTrI 117 (Ti.) dazakumAracarita 58 (Ti.) 177 dazaratha 19 dazavekAlikacUrNa 12 (Ti.), 28, 77, 79 (Ti.), 92 (Ti.), 109 (Ti.) - niryukti 10, 11, 11 (Ti), 13 (Ti.) 53, vRtti 73 da hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara 77 (Ti.), 89 (Ti.) dAmodaragupta 58 dAvaddava (a.) 104 dAviya 10 (Ti. ) . dIghanikAya dRDhaprahArI 13, 169 dRSTivAda 8 devacandra 28, 108 devagupta 110 devadattA 59 (Ti.) devendragaNi ( nemicandrasUri ) 105 devendrasUri 11 (Ti.) 105, 108 dezInAmamAlA 179 draviDa 7 dravyAnuyoga 8 drAviDa 10 (Ti.) 11 (Ti.) drupada 18 dvAtriMzikA 63 (Ti.) dvArakA 17 Ti. 42, 127 dvArakAdahana 105

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187 dvIpAyanaRSi 105 dhana 45 (Ti) 98, dhanaMjaya 169 dhanadatta 46 dhanadeva (Ti.), 17 (Ti.), 27, 46, 86 (Ti.) dhanapati 121 dhanapada 121 dhanapAla (kavi) 27 dhanavasU 121 dhanazrI 45 (Ti.) dhanyasArthavAha 104 dhammakahANayakosa (dharmakathAnakakoSa) 55 dhammapada 95 (Ti.) dhammapada aTThakathA 86 (Ti.) 161 (Ti.) dhammilla 56 dhammillahiMDI 119 dharaNa 45 (Ti.) 46, 121, dharmacandra 28 dharmadatta 41 (Ti.), dharmadAsa 107-gaNi 17 dharmaparIkSA 98 (Ti.) dharmabuddhi 62 (Ti.) dharmasenagaNi mahattara 28, 110, 119, 119 (Ti.), dharmopadezamAlA 110 dharmopadezamAlA prakaraNa 107 dharmopadezamAlA vivaraNa 107, 113 dhuMdhumAra 14, dhUmasiMha 17, 138, 139, 175, dhUrtaviTa 63 (Ti.) dhUrtAkhyAna 26, 110, 119, 119 (Ti.) dhRtarASTra 98 (Ti.) dhRtarASTrezokApanoda 96 (Ti.) 98 (Ti.) dhruvaka 154, 155, 162, nandaka 86 (Ti.) nandanavana 143 nandIphalavRkSa (a.) 104 nandIzvara 120 nandIsUtra 71 (Ti.) nami 96 namirAjarSi 95 namuci 72 (Ti), 146, 147, 173, 174 nammayAsundarIkahA 106, 110 naravAhanadatta 14, 65, 119, 120 125, 129, 130, 132, 142, 148, naravAhanadattakathA 26 narasiMhabhAI paTela 27 (Ti.) narmadAsundarI 45 (Ti.) 108 narmadAsundarIkathA 45 nala 14, navahaMsa 4 (Ti.) nahuSa 14, nAgadatta 106 nAgarakezvara 148 nAgendra 121 nArada 144, 147, 151, 176, nAlandA devanAgarI pAligranthamAlA 11 (Ti.) nigrodha jAtaka 83 (Ti.) nizItha 105--bhASya 11 (Ti.), 21 (Ti.) 26, 59 (Ti.) 109 (Ti.) nizIthavizeSacUNi 21 (Ti.), nizIthasUtra 3 (Ti.), nihasa 14, nemicaMda 27 (Ti.) nemicandra 14 (Ti.) nemicandra (Amradeva) 39 (Ti.) nemicandragaNi 27 nemicandrasUri (devendragaNi) 55, 169, 170, 171, 173, nemicandrIyauttarAdhyayanavRtti 14 (Ti.) 161 (Ti.)

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188 neminAhacariya 108 nepAlI 76 (Ti.) 118 nyUjIleNDa 161 (Ti.) paumacariya 108, 109, 110 paMcataMtra 39 (Ti.), 59 (Ti.), 61 (Ti.), 62 'Ti.), 75, 75 (Ti.), 76, 76 (Ti.), 77, 77 (Ti.), 78, 79 (Ti.), 80, (Ti.), 81, (Ti.), 84 (Ti.), 86 (Ti.) 94, 97 (Ti.) paMcazaila 161 (Ti.) paMcAkhyAna 76, 77, 97 (Ti.) paMcAkhyAnaka 76, 77, paMcAkhyAna caupAI 77 (Ti.) paMcAkhyAnavArtika 1 (Ti.), 77 (Ti.), paMcAkhyAnoddhAra 77 (Ti.) paMDusuta 14, padmadeva 27 papracandrasUri 16 (Ti.), 41 (Ti.) 55, padmaratha 146 padmAvata 16 (Ti.), padmAvatI 123 parikhA kA jala (a) 104 pariziSTaparva 3 (Ti., 20 (Ti.), 84 (Ti.), 98 (Ti.) 176, parIkSita 151 pavahaNa 45 (Ti.) pahalavI 76 (Ti.) pAiyakahAsaMgaha 55 pAiyasaddamahaNNavo 177 pAMjyadeza 158 pAMDyamathurA 158, 152, pANDu 18 pATaliputra 59 (Ti.), 63 (Ti.), 98, pAdalipta 27 (Ti.), 108, 110, 168, sUri26, 27, pApabuddhi 62 (Ti.) pArzva 107 pArzvanAthacarita 86 (Ti.) 108, pAli Teksa sosAyaTI 161 (Ti.) pAzupata 157 piMgalakasiMha 86 (Ti.) piTarsana 112 (Ti.) piyaMgupaTTana 34, pukkasa 122, 124, pukkasaka 171 pururava 14, puSkaramadhu 154 puSpazekhara 126 puhavIcandAya 108 pUjASTakakathA 107 pUrNabhadrasUri 76, 77, 97, pUrvadeza 42 peDhiyA 119 pesAya 10 (Ti.) paizAcI 10 (Ti.) 26, 112 (Ti.), 117 (Ti.), poTUThapAdasutta 11 (Ti.), potanapura 4 (Ti.), pratimukha 119 pratiSThAnanagara 25, 39 prathamAnuyoga 8, pradyumna 37 prabandhacintAmaNi 59 (Ti.) 110 (Ti.), prabhava 108 prabhAkara nArAyaNa kavaThekara 79 Ti. 83 (Ti.) prabhAvatI 4 (Ti.), 14 (Ti.), pralhAda 174 prasannacandra 119, 176, prAkRta 10, 108, 112, (Ti.), prAkRtakathAsaMgraha 16 (Ti.), 41 (Ti.), 45, 106, 110, prAkRtavyAkaraNa 117 (Ti.) prAkRtasAhitya 114 (Ti.)

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa 21 (Ti.) 28 (Ti.), 47, 106, (Ti.) 107 (Ti.), 113 (Ti.) 114, (Ti.) prAcIna bhArata kI kahAniyA~ 38 (Ti.) priyaMgupaTTana 161 (Ti.) priyaMgusundarI 18, 119 (Ti.) phalaudhI 77 (Ti.) phArasa 50 (Ti.) phiksana moTipha 92 (Ti.) phebalsa eNDa phokaTelsa 83 (Ti.) phreMca 118 (Ti.) baDasaphara 45 (Ti.) baiDakahA 19 (Ti.), 28, 76 (Ti.) 117, bandhudatta 170 bandhumatI 14 (Ti.), 26, babbara (bArikona) 34 barbarakUla 42 baladeva 17 (Ti.), bali 151, 173, 174, bazvezvaramandira 100 (Ti) bAibila 104 (Ti.) bANa 10 (Ti.), bindumatI 143 bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad 117 (Ti.) bI0 esa0 jI0 DablyU 89 (Ti.) buddha 93 buddhaghoSa 161 (Ti.) buddhisena 124, 125, 126, 127, 131 (Ti.) budhasvAmI 17 (Ti.) 19, (Ti.) 99 (Ti.), 115, 118, buleTina Apha da skUla Apha ori yaMTala sTaDija 117 (Ti.) bRhadakathA 26, 28, 71 (Ti.) 77, 1.3 (Ti.), 110 120, 162, 172, 173 175 bRhadkathAkoSa 55 (Ti.), 172, 173, 175, bRhatkathAmaMjarI 58 (Ti.) 76 (Ti.), 77, 117, 118 (Ti.), bRhadkathAzlokasaMgraha 17 (Ti.), 19 (Ti.) 33 (Ti), 34 (Ti), 49 (Ti) 99 (Ti), 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 125, 126, (Ti), 120 (Ti) 128, 128 (Ti) 129, 132 (Ti), 139, 147 (Ti), 148, 154 156, 160 (Ti), 161 (Ti), 162, 163, 141, 172, 173, 174, 175, bRhadkalpabhASya 7 (Ti.) 12 (Ti.) 14 (Ti) 17 26 (Ti.) 59 (Ti.) 67 (Ti.), 77, 80 (Ti), 81 (Ti.,) 84 (Ti.) Ti., 85 (Ti.), 90 (Ti.), 109 (Ti.), 123 (Ti.), bRhadvRtti 169 bRhaspati 174 begaDa 45 (Ti.) benphe 89 (Ti.) benyAtaTa 73 bokAcio 50 (Ti.) bodhisatva 93 bohittha 45 (Ti.) bauddha 8, 92 (Ti.) 94, 95 (Ti.) 96. 97, 98 (Ti.) 120, 176, 177, bauddhasUtra 11, bhagavadgItA 160 bhadrabAhu 105, 108, sUri 28 bhadrA 132 bhadilapura 56 (Ti.) bhadrezvara 55, 110, bharaTaka, 64, 64 (Ti.) bharaTadvAtriMzikA 63, 64, 68 (Ti), 89 (Ti,)

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bharata 79 105, 128, 131 bharataputra 39 bharahuta 92, 121 (Ti.) bhavadevasUri 86 (Ti.) bhavabhAvanA 107, 114 (Ti., ) bhAila 41 bhAnU 132 bhArata 50 (Ti.) 93, 94, 123 (Ti.), 178. 179, bhAratIyavidyA 17 (Ti.) bhAratIya sAhitya kA itihAsa 180 bhAradvAja 176 bhAruMDa 4 (Ti.), 36, 161 (Ti.) bhImakAvya 10 (Ti.), bhUtika 149 bhogamAlinI 128 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 28 (Ti.), 117 (Ti.) bhoja 117 (Ti.) bhojadeva 59 (Ti.) bhojarAja 10 (Ti.), 28, bhojarAja, zRGgAra prakAza 10 (Ti.), maMdaraparvata 146 magadha 7, 43, 143, magadhasenA 26 110, 168, majjhimanikAya 8 maDAgAskara 161 (Ti ) matsanAmikA 143 mathurA 86 (Ti.) madana 48 madanamaMjarI 170 madanamaMjukA 120 128, 129, 129 (Ti.) 131, 132, 132 (Ti.), madana maMjukAlAbha 132, madanalekhA 22 madanavinoda 4 (Ti.), madhu, 16, 190 madhyaeziyA 161 (Ti.) madhyapUrva 50 Ti ) madhyapradeza 43 manusmRti 147 (Ti.) manoramAcariya 108 manohara 101 maru 43 marudeza 44 marubhUti 133, 140, marubhUtika 125 (Ti.) 130, 132. 140, malayaeziyA 161 (Ti.) malayagiri 67 (di.) 105, malayavatI 26, 28, 110, 168, malayasundarI 28, 168 malAyA 86 (Ti.) malika muhammada jAyasI 16 (Ti.), mahAummaggajAtaka 72 (Ti.) mahAgiri 108 mahAcIna 42 mahAnidesa 161 (Ti) mahAnumati 25, 26, mahApadAnasutta 11 (Ti.), mahApadma 146, 174, mahAbala 28 mahAbhArata 73, 79, (Ti.), 92, 95 (Ti), 96, 96 (Ti.), 97, 97 (Ti.), 98 (Ti.), 109, 161 (Ti.), 177, mahArASTra 7, 43, 44, 179, mahAvIra 7, 107, 108 (Ti.) 168 mahAvIracarita 108 mahAsena 122 124 mahilAropya nagara 75 mahIvAlakahA 110 mahendravikrama 139 mahezvaradatta 45 (Ti.) mahAsagha 72 (Ti.)

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mAItholojI eNDa lIjeNDa 83 (Ti.) / 92 (Ti.) mAMdhAtA 14, mAMsavivardhaNI 142 mAkandIputra 104 mAgadha 3 (Ti.), mAgadhI 112 (Ti.) mAdhava 59 (Ti.) mAdhavAnila 25, 26, mAdhavikA 28 mAnatuMgasUri 108 mAnabhaTa 99 (Ti.) mAnasavega 16, mAnuSyottara parvata 174 mAyAditya 38, 61, 99 (Ti.), mArIcavadha 10 (Ti.), mAriyAlIca, 83 (Ti.) 92 (Ti.) mAlava 43, 44, mAlavA 7, 110, mitravatI 132 (Ti.) 156 mitravarmA 155, 158, mithilA 95, 174 mizra 112 (Ti.) .. mukha 119 mudrikAlatikA 131, 132 municandra 114 munijinavijaya 28 (Ti.) muni trivikrama 173 munipuNyavijayajI 15 (Ti.). 112 (Ti.), 119 (Ti.) muni baccharAja 77 (Ti.) munisundara 107 mUladeva 57, 57 (Ti.) 58, 59, 59 (Ti.), 109 (Ti.), 119, mUlazrI 109 mRcchakaTika 132 (Ti. mRtasaMjIvanI 142 meMDhaka (a.) 104 megharatha 97 meghavijaya 77 (Ti.) meru parvata 174 motIcandra 34 (Ti.) mohadatta 99 (Ti.) maunaekAdazIkathA 107 yakSAdatta 169 yakSIkAmuka 150, 151, 152 yajJadattA 87 yajJanindA 96 (di.) yavana (sikandariyA) 34 yavanadeza 122 (Ti.) 123 yavana (yava) dvIpa 34, 50, 45 yazadhavala 41 (Ti.), yazastilakacampU 57 (Ti.) yazomatI 169 yazovardhana 46 yahUdI 98 (Ti.) yAjJavalkya 175, 176 yAvanI, 158 yUnAnI 123 (Ti.) rajatamahotsava smAraka grantha 26 (Ti.) 26 (Ti.) ratnakaraMDaka 127 ratnamukuTa 102 ratnadvIpa 36, 40, 42, 43, 160, ratnapAla 77 (Ti.) ratnazekhara 16, ratnAvalI 123, 171, rayaNaseharIkahA 16 (Ti.), 107 110, raviSeNa 110 rasAula 114 rAghavana 10 (Ti.) rAjagRha 158, rAjazekharasUri (maladhAri) 167 (Ti.) 168 (Ti.)

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192 rAjasthAna 110 rAjImatI 108 rAjovAdajAtaka 38 (Ti.), rAma 14, 105, 108 rAmacarita 108 rAmAyaNa 76, 92, 109, rAvaNa 14, 108, rAvaNavijaya 10 (Ti.), rAkSasI 112 (Ti.) rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 11 (Ti.), ripudamana narapati 105 riSTapura 17 rudradatta 160 rudrasUri 106 rudhira 17, 18, rumaNvata 122 rUtha nAraTana 92 (Ti.) roma 117 (Ti.) rohaka 71, 72, 72 (Ti.) rohiNI 17, 18, 104, 119 (Ti.) lakSmaNa 114 lakSmaNagaNi 108 lakSmI 45 (Ti.) lakSmImatI 146 laghu arhannItizAstra 77 lalitAMga 20, 20 (Ti.). 48 (Ti.), 105 176, lavaNasamudra (hindamahAsAgara 45) lAkota, 118 (Ti.) 123, 163, 179 lATa 7, 43, 44, lAphAntena 50 (Ti.) lIlAvaI 10 (Ti.) lIlAvaIkahA 4, 4 (Ti.) 10 lIlAvatI 25, 26, lobhadeva 40, 41, 99 (Ti.) lomapAda 176 vajrakoTisaMsthitaparvata 36 vajrasvAmI 108 vatsadeza 148, 149 varAha 125 (Ti.) 132, varNaprasAdanI 142 vardhamAnaka 86 (Ti.) vardhamAnasUri 107, 108 valAhassa jAtaka 45 (Ti.) valkalacIrI 119, 176, vasantatilakA 153, 156, vasaMtarajatamahotsava smAraka grantha 28 (Ti.) vasantasenA 132 (Ti.) 175 vasudattA 46 vasudeva 16, 17, 18, 49, 56 (Ti.) 119, 143, 144 vasudevacarita 26, 28 vasudevahiMDI 5 (Ti.) 9. (Ti'), 14 (Ti.), 15 (Ti.) 16 (Ti.), 17 (Ti.), 18 (Ti.), 20 (Ti.), 28, 28 (Ti.) 34 (Ti.) 37 (Ti.) 38 (Ti.) 45 (Ti.) 46 (Ti.) 48 (Ti.) 49 (Ti.) 53, 55, 56, (Ti.), 58 (Ti.), 77, 86, 87 (Ti.), 97 (Ti.) 98 (Ti.) 105. 108, 110, 111, 117, 117 (Ti) 118, 119, 119 (Ti,), 120, 121, 121, (Ti.), 123, 124, 125 (Ti.) 129 (TiH) 131 (Ti.) 132, 132 (Ti.), 126, 127 (Ti.), 143, 152, 156 (Ti. 160 (Ti.) 161 (Ti.), 162, 163, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177 vasubhUti 87 vAtsAyana 75

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193 viSNukumAramuni 173 viSNugItikA 111, 146, 147, 151 bAdidevasUri 59 (Ti.) vArANasI 123 170 vAlmIki 108 vAlmIki rAmAyaNa 176, 108 vAsavadattA 147 (Ti.) vAsupUjya 143 viMTaranitsa 267,180 vijayacaMdakevalIcariya 108 vijayasena 25 vijayAnagarI 23 vijayAnanda 26 vijjudADha 121 vidarbha 7, 179 vidura 96 (Ti.) vidurahitavAkya 96 (Ti.) videha 72 (Ti.) 95 Ti.) vidyAdhara vAsava 105 vinayacandra 55 vinayapiTaka 11 (Ti.) vinayavastu 81 (Ti.) 104 (Ti.) vinodakathA saMgraha 68 (Ti.) vinodAtmakakathAsaMgraha 63 (di.) (Ti.), 86 (Ti.) 167 vipAkasUtra 54, 104 vipulAzaya 25 vimalari 108, 109 (Ti.) vimalAMka 110 virAha 151 vivekamaMjarI prakaraNa 107 vizalyakaraNI 138, 142 vizeSAvazyakabhASya 28 vizvAvasu 151 vizvila 123 124 viSNu 59 (Ti.) 146, 161 (Ti.) viSNukumAra. 146, 172, 173 viSNukumAracarita 111 viSNubhagavAn 151, 173 viSNupadI 160. viSNuzarmA 75, 76, vINAdattaka 148, 149, 150 . vIramatI 170 cirAja (senApati) 100 (di.) vRtrAsura 151 vegavatI nadI 86 (TI.) vegavatI laMbhaka 119 vegavatIlAbha 119 vetAlapaMcaviMzatikA 59 (Ti.) 78 89 (Ti.) vetrapatha 35 venisa 50 Ti.) vaitAvyaparvata 35 vraNarohaNI 142 vyavahArabhASya 77, 80 (Ti.), 83 (Ti,) 86 (Ti.), 105 vyAlaka 143 zaMkupada 35 zaMkha 106 zaMkhapura 1.0 zaMba 17 (Ti.), 124, 126, 127, zakuntikA 28 zayyaMbhava 108 zarIra 119 zaza 109 zAkyavati 73 zAnticandrasUri 105 zAntinAtha caritra 28 zAntiparva 96 (Ti.), 97 zAntisUri 107, 108 zAntyAcArya 100 (Ti.) 114 (di.)

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194 zAlavAhana 110 ziva 59 (Ti.) zivajI 120 zivamandira 139 ziSyahitA pAiyaTIkA (uttarAdhyayanapara) zIlavatI 47, 48 (Ti.) zIlavatIkathA 20 (Ti.) zIlavatI-kathAnaka 176 zIlAMkAcArya 108 110 zIlopadezamAlA 107 zukasaptati 4-9, 33, 4, 59 (Ti.), 52 (Ti.) 63 (Ti.) 74 (Ti.) 78, 83 (Ti.) 92 (Ti.) zUdrakakathA 10 (Ti.), zUrpAraka 41, 172 zailodAnadI 161 (Ti.) zaiva 64, 65 zyAmA 119 (Ti.) zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra 112 (Ti.) zrAvastI 18 zrIdhara 173 zrIpAla 15 (Ti.) 107 zrIlaMkA 92 zRGgAraprakAza 10 (Ti.) zRGgAramaMjarI 59 (Ti.) zrutasAgara 174 zvetapaTa 74 (Ti.) zvetAmbara 74 (Ti.) 110, saMkIrNa 10 saMkIrNakathA 27 (Ti.) saMghadAsagaNi 17, 28, 105, 110,111, 119 (Ti.) 168, 175, 176 saMjaya 18, saMjIvaka 86 (Ti.) santinAhacariya 108 saMbhUta 147 (Ti.) saMyuttanikAya 8, 8 (Ti.), saMrohaNI 138, saMvegaraMgazAlA 107 saMskRta 10, 112 (Ti.), saMskRta sAhitya meM nItikathA kA udgama evaM vikAsa 79 (Ti.) 83 (Ti.), sagara 105 saddhammapajjotikATIkA 161 (Ti.) sama problamsa Apha iNDiyana liTa recara 96 :Ti.) samarAiccakahA 10 (Ti.), 13 (Ti.) 20, 22 (Ti.) 45, 16, 53, 53 (Ti.) 54, 55, 61, 73, 98, 110 (Ti.), 105, 110, 176, 177, samarAditya 20, 53 samavAyAMga 11 (Ti.) samudradinA 158, 162 sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa 28 111 (Ti.), 117 (Ti.) sarvAstivAda 81 (Ti.) 104 (Ti.). sasa 109 (Ti.) sahastramallacaurakathA 107 sAMcI 92 sAgara 158 sAgaracandra 17 (Ti.), sAgaradatta 39, 40, sAgaradinnA 158 sAtavAhana 25, 26, 27, sAnu 132 (Ti.) sAnudAsa 33 (Ti.) 132 (Ti.) 139, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 160 (Ti.) 161, 162, 174 sAnudAsakathA 155 (Ti.)

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195 sAnumuni 174 sAmaJaphalasutta 11 (Ti.), sAmadattA 13, 14, 14 (Ti.) 11, (Ti.), 169, 10, sAmavatI 161 (Ti.) sArthavAha 34 (Ti.) 161 (Ti.) sAhityadarpaNa 10 (Ti.), siMdha 43 siMha 21 siMhakumAra 21 siMhabala 174 siMhaladeza 25, 34 siMhaladvIpa 48 siMhalarAja 26 siMhAsanadvAtriMzikA 89 (Ti.) sikandara 161 (Ti.) siddhakacchapa 157 siddhakumAra 25 siddhasena 74 (Ti.), 26 (Ti.) siddhArthaka 157, 160, sirivAlakahA 45, 106, 110, 113 silla 45 (Ti.) sivijAtaka 97 (Ti.) sIriyAyI 76 (Ti.) sIhacammajAtaka 81 (Ti.) sukumAlikA 17, sukhabodhATIkA (uttarAdhyayana para) 169 sugrIva 144 suttanta 8, suttapiTaka 8. sudasaNAcariya 11 (Ti.), sudAraka 126 sundarI 46 sundarIdevI 16 (Ti.), supArzvanAthacarita 108 subhadA 108 sumatinAthacarita 108 sumitrA 105 suyazA 139 surasundarIcariya 113 surendradatta 35 sulasA 170, 975 sulocanA 26. 111, suvarNadvIpa 42, 45 (Ti.) 161 (Ti.) suvarNamUmi 34, 159 161 (Ti.) .. subratakathA 107 suhasti 108 suhiraNya 127 suhiraNyakA 129 (Ti.) suhiraNyA 120, 126, 128 sUtrakRtAMga 104 174 (Ti.) sekreDa buksa Apha da IsTa sIrIja 180 . setu 26 setubaMdha 10 (Ti.), senTa methyU kI suvArtA 104 (Ti.) senTa lyUka kI suvArtA 104 (Ti) sonaka jAtaka 96 (Ti.) somadeva 57(Ti.) 59 Ti, 77, 118 (Ti.) somadevabhaTTa 117, 120, somaprabhasUri 308, 176. somamaMtrI 76 somazarma 87 somazarmA 86 (Ti), 87 saurASTra 34, 122, skaMdila 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, sTaDija ina Anara Apha maurisa blUma phIlDa-yela yUnivarsiTI 92 (Ti.) sTaDija in da phokTemsa Apha iNDiyA 84 (Ti), 100 (Ti.) / sTeNDarDa DiksanarI oNpha phokalora 83 (di.) strIparva 98 (Ti.) sthAnAMgasUtra 11 (Ti) sthUlabhadra 108

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hathiliMga 161 (Ti.) habzI 83 (Ti.) haridatta 4 (Ti.) haribhadrasUri 10, 13, 20. 73, 105, 107. 108, 109, 110, 111, 112 177,... harivarSa 110. harivaMza 110 harivaMzacariya 108 harivaMzapurANa 175 harivaMzamaMtrI 89 (Ti.) harivijaya 10 (Ti.), abhinani ....... 134, 135, 136, 137, 138 140, 111, 142, 152, harizcandrakathAnaka 1.7 hariSeNa 55 (Ti.), 103 172, 173 . harTala 4 (Ti.),63, (Ti.) 76, 77, 77, (Ti.) 89; (Ti), 93, 110 (Ti) (Ti.) 118 (Ti.) 167 177, 180, harmana jaikobI 180 hastinApura 146, 17 hAravarDa yUnivarsiTI 77 (Ti.) hAribhadrIya AvazyakavRtti 172 hAribhadrIyavRtti 10 (Ti.) 53 (Ti.) hiMguziva 109 hitopadeza 59 (Ti.), 63 (Ti.), 75, 75 (Ti.), 177, 81 (Ti.) 86 (Ti. , himAlaya 5, 143, hiraNyA 127 hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara 50 (Ti.), 76 (Ti.), 180 (Ti.) hasTI Apha saMskRta liTarecara 132 (Ti.) hemacandrAcArya 3 (Ti.) 10, 28, 77, (Ti.) 84, 98 (Ti.) 107, 108, 111 (Ti.) 112 (Ti.) 113 (Ti.) 117 (Ti.) 176, 177, 178, 179, (maladhArI) 61, (Ti.) 108 hemacandrIya pariziSTa 108 Ti.), hemAMgada 126 : hoyasalarAja vallAla dvitIya 100 (Ti.)

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LALBHAI DALPATBHAI BHARATIYA SANSKRITI VIDYA MANDIR L. D. SERIES S. No. Name of Publication Price Rs. 50/ 10/ 51 - 1. Sivaditya's Saptapadatibi, with a Commentary by Jinavardhana Suri. Editor : Dr. J. S. Jetly. (Publication year 1963) 2. Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts : Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji's Collection, Pt. I. Compiler : Muairaja Shri Punyavijayaji. Editor : Pt. Ambalal P. Shah. (1963) 3. Vinayacandra's Kavyasiksa. Editor : Dr. H. G. Shastri (1964) 4. Haribhadrasuri's Yogasataka, with auto-commentary, along with his Brahmasidhantasa muccaya. Editor : Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji. (1965) 5. Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts, Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji's Collection, pt. II. Compiler : Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji. Editor : Pt. A. P. Shan. (1965) 6. Ratnaprabhasuri's Ratnakaravatarika, part 1. Editor : Pt. Dalsukh Malvania. (1965) 7. Jayadeva's Gitagovinda, with King Mananka's Commentry. Editor : Dr. V. M. Kulkarni. (1965) 8. Kavi Lavanyasamaya's Nemirangaratnakarachanda, Editor : Dr. S. Jesalpura. (1965) 9. The Natyadarpana of Ramacandra and Gunacandra: A Cri tical study : By Dr. K. H. Trivedi. (1966) 10. Acarya Jinabhadra's Visesavasyakabhasya, with Auto-commen. tary, pt. I. Editor : Dalsukh Malvania. (1966) 11. Akalanka's Criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy: A study By Dr. Nagin J. Shah. (1966) 12. Jinamanikyagani's Ratnakaravatarikadyaslokasatarthi. Editor: Pt. Bechardas J. Doshi. (1967) 13. Acarya Malayagiri's Sabdanusasana. Editor : Pt. Bechardas (1967) 14. Acarya Jinabhadra's Visesavasyakabhasya, with Auto-commen tary, Pt. II. Editor Pt. Dalsukh Malvapia. (1968) 15. Catalouge of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manusc.ipts : Muniraja Punyavijayaji's Collection. Pt. III. Compiler : Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji. Editor : Pt. A. P. Shah. (1968) 30/151 30/ XS 30/20/ 30/

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10/ 401 21/ 20/ 16. Ratnaprabhasuri's Ratnakaravatarika, pt. II. Editor : Pt. Dalsukh Malvania. (1968) 17. Kalpalataviveka (by an anonymous writer). Editor : Dr. Murai Lal Nagar and Pt. Harishankar Shastry. (1968) 18. Ac. Hemacandra's Nighantusesa, with a commentary of Sri vallabhagani Editor : Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji. (1968) 19. The Yogabindu of Acarya Haribhadrasuri with an English Translation, Notes and Introduction by Dr. K. K. Dixit. (1968) 20. Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts : Shri AC. Devasuri's Collection and Ac. Ksantisuri's Collection : part. IV. Compiler : Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji. Editor : Pt. A. P. Shah. (1968) 21. Acarya Jinabhadra's Visesavasyakabhasya, with Auto Commen tary, pt. III. Editor : Pt. Dalsukh Malvania and Pt. Bechardas Doshi. (1968) 22. The sastravartasamuccaya of Acarya Haribhadrasuri with Hindi Translation, Notes and Introduction by Dr. K. K. Dixit. (1969) 23. Pallipala Dhanapala's Tilakamanjarisara Editor : Prof. N. M. Kansara. (1969) 24. Ratnaprabhasuri's.' Ratnakaravatarika pt. III. Editor : Pt. Dalsukh Malvania. (1969) 25. Ac. Haribhadra's Neminahacariu : Editors : Shri M. C. Modi and Dr. H. C Bhayani. (1970) 26. A Critical Study of Mabapurana of Puspadanta. (A Critical Study of the Desya and Rare words from Puspadanta's Mahapurana and His other Apabhramsa works). By Dr. Smt. Ratna Shriyan. (1970) 27. Haribbadra's Yogadrstisamuccaya with English translation, Notes Introduction by Dr. K. K Dixit (1970) 28. Dictionary of Prakrit Proper Names, Part 1 by Dr. M. L. Mehta and Dr. K. R. Chandra. (1970) Pramanavartikabhasya Karikardhapadasuci. Compiled by Pt. Rupendrakumar. (1970) 30. Prakrit Jaina Katha Sahitya by Dr. J. C. Jain. (1971) 31. Jaina Ontology. By Dr. K. K. Dixit (1971) Following are in the press : (1) Neminabacariu Part II (2) Nyayaman jarigranthibhanga. (3) Madanarekha Akhyayika. (4) Adhyatrabindu. (5) Dictionary of Prakrit Proper Names. Part II. (6) Sanatkumaracariu. 401 30/ 327 8/10/30/

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Terms Regarding Sale (in force from 1st April 1971) 1. Book-sellers shall ordinarily receive a discount of 25% on all the publi cations of L. D. Series. 2. The Railway frieght and cost of packing shall not be charged from those placing at a time an order amounting to Rs. 1,000 or more. 3. Those whose purchase for full one year (1st April to 31 st March) amo unt to Rs. 5,000 or more shall at the end of the year get an additional discount of 5% while those whose purchases for that period amount to Rs. 10,000/- or more shall get an additional discount of 10% over and above the discount mentioned in rule 1 above. This amount will not be paid in cash but will be adjusted against the bill or bills of the next year. 4. The payment should be made within a month after the presentation of the bill. bikrI ke niyama ( 1 apraila 1971 se) 1. pustaka-bikretAoM ko lA. da. granthamAlA (L. D. Series) ke prakAzanoM para sAdhAraNataH 25 pratizata kamIzana diyA jAyagA / 2. 1,000 ru0 yA isase adhika ke ekakAlika ArDara para relabhAr3A tathA paikiMga nahIM liyA jAyagA / varSa bhara (1 apraila se 31 mArca) meM 5,000 ru0 yA isase adhika kI pustakeM kharIdane para niyama 1 meM ullikhita kamIzana ke atirikta 5 pratizata adhika aura 10,000ru. yA isase adhika kI pustakeM kharIdane para 10 pratizata adhika kamIzana varSa ke anta meM diyA jaaygaa| isa kamIzana kI rakama nagada nahIM dI jAyagI kintu AgAmI varSa ke bila yA biloM meM se kATa dI jAyagI / 4. bila mejane ke bAda eka mAsa kI avadhi meM pemenTa ho jAnA cAhie /

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