Jain Sahitya aur Itihas

Author(s): Nathuram Premi
Publisher: Hindi Granthratna Karyalaya
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010293/1

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TEXT FLY WITHIN THE BOOK ONLY TIGHT BINGING BOOK

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UNIVERSAL LIBRARY 176 6333 LIBRARY UNIVERSAL

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OSMANIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY No.H294.94 accession Nolan 11281 jaima zAmibhora ilizasa This book should be returned on or before the date narked below:

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa [ saMskRta, prAkRta tathA apabhraMza bhASAoMke vividha jaina-granthoM aura unake racayitAoMkA paricaya aura itihAsa ] lekhaka nAthUrAma premI [ astaMgata 'jainahitaiSI' ke sampAdaka, ' mANikyacandra jainagranthamAlA' ke maMtrI, aura ' hindIgrantharatnAkara' ke saMcAlaka ]

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prakAzaka hemacandra modI, Thi0 hindI-grantha-ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, giragA~va, bambaI pahalI bAra apraila, 1942 mUlya tIna rupaye mudrakaraghunAtha dipAjI desAI, nyU bhArata priMnTiga presa, 6, kelevAr3I, giragA~va, bambaI 4

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jisakI avizrAnta sevA-zuzrUSAne aneka lambI lambI aura kaSTasAdhya bImAriyoMke samaya mRtyuke mu~hameM jAnese bacAyA, jisake pavitra sAhacaryane pazuse manuSya banAyA, kaSTa-kAlameM dhairya aura sAhasa diyA, samAja-sudhAra-kAryoMmeM sadA utsAhita kiyA, jisane saba kucha diyA hI, liyA kucha bhI nahIM, aura jo apratyAzitarUpase paraloka-yAtrA karake hRdayameM sadAke lie eka gaharI TIsa chor3a gaI ki ___'maiM use sukhI na kara sakA' apanI usI svargIyA sAdhvI patnIko

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INTRODUCTION Pt. Nathuram Premi's name is quite familiar to the student of Hindi literature, and the Orientalist knows him as the General Editor of the Manikachandra D. Jaina Granthamala which has issued some forty volumes containing unpublished Jaina works in Prakrit and Sanskrit and in which are lately published the magnificent volumes of Nyayakumudacandra of Prabhacandra edited by Pt. Mahendrakumar and the Mahapurana of Puspadanta edited by Dr. P. L. Vaidya. It was at the close of the last century that Oriental Scholars got access to the Jaina Bhandaras. Due to the efforts of some Provincial Governments many Jaina Mss. were brought to light: some of them were welcomed by European Universities that were taking keen interest in Indological studies and many others were collected and catalogued in India by experts. So far as Western India is concerned, the Reports prepared by Bhandarkar, Peterson and others contained such a rich harvest of new material that many scholars came to be interested in the study of Jaina literature and chronology as a part of Indian literature and history. Complaints were already being made against Indian literature in general that it was wanting in historical facts about the authors and their dates; but the details about many Jaina authors and their contemporaries and predecessors brought to light by Buhler, Bhandarkar, Peterson etc. from literary sources and by Rice, Narasimhachar and others from epigraphic sources were not only reliable but proved also to be valuable landmarks in Indian history and literature. The various details about Jaina Nyaya

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literature discussed by Pathak and Vidyabhushan evoked much interest, and for years together their conclusions held the ground. Among the elderly Jaina scholars who were specially attracted by the results of Bhandarkar, Peterson, Pathak, Vidyabhushan etc., the names of Dalal , Jinavijayaji, Jugalkishore and Premi stand foremost; and their studies have been a source of inspiration to many Jaina scholars of the younger generation. With a remarkable forethought they realized the importance of Jaina collections of Mss., visited them, took down notes and their Prasastis and kept themselves busy in bringing to light important facts about Jaina authors and their compositions. Unluckily Dalal died a premature death; but that which stands against his name bears eloquent testimony to his earnest scholarship. The remaining three scholars are still amidst us and are continuing their studies in Indian literature in general and Jaina literature in particular. Pt. Premiji wrote a number of monographs on various Jaina authors, and his Vidvadratnamala ( Bombay 1912 ) contained six essays on Jinasena-Gunabhadra, Asadhara, Amitagati, Vadiraja, Mallisena and Samantabhadra. During subsequent years his desire to collect information about different Jaina authors and their works went on increasing, with the result that he contributed many papers to his Jaina Hitaishi with which later on Pt. Jugalkishore also came to be associated. Some of the Introductions of the volumes of Manikachandra D. Jaina Granthamala show that both of them were bringing to light a large mass of facts. Pt. Premi's essay on the Jaina Hindi Literature ( Jaina Hitaishi vols. XII. pp. 541-568, XIII. pp. 10-35), presented to the seventh session of the Hindi Sahitya Sammelana, Jubbalpore, clearly shows how studiously he must have worked in different Bhand!aras to collect historical and chronological data. Though he spends a busy life as the Proprietor of the Hindi Grantha Ratnakara Karyalaya, Bombay, his yearning for research still continues unabated, and his note-books have gone on swelling

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for the last few years. He is a real scholar with whom the search for truth weighs above everything; and he never hesitates to set aside his personal predilections in the light of newly discovered facts. Thus he is a scholar and a sport; and a new fact, a novel interpretation or a fresh approach to the problem is always welcomed by him. Being a scholar of progressive mind, Premiji often thought that he should revise some of this earlier papers in the light of new facts and place before the scholars the unpublished material that was lying with him. The desire of our veteran scholar has materialised in this book; and it gives me great joy to introduce this volume to students of Indian literature in general and Jaina literature in particular. The title of the book, Jaina Sahitya aura Itihasa, plainly indicates that the topics discussed here fall into two broad divisions: those dealing with problems connected with Jaina literature and others dealing with socio-historical topics relating to Jainism. Yapaniya Samgha was one of the important schisms in Jainism, and in some of the early inscriptions it is mentioned along with Digambara and Svetambara Samghas. Pt. Premi's discussion about the Yapaniya literature (pp. 41-60 & 571 ) is full of suggestions which need further investigation. In his essay on the Caityavasa and Vanavasa (pp. 347-69 & 570), he has laid under obligation both the Digambara and Svetambara sources, and traced this twofold tendency as developed in the Digambara and Svetambara ascetic organisation. In his discussion about the Jaina holy places ( pp. 185-222 ), the literary evidence has been subjected to critical scrutiny, and a good deal of side-light is thrown on their history. Jaina monks toured from place to place excepting in the rainy season; and some interesting records of their journey have come down to us. Pt. Premi has presented to us a critical study of the Jaina holy places in the South ( pp. 223-238 ) described by Silavijaya in his Tirthamala (Samvat 1740 ). It is a record of great topographical interest. Somewhat connected with the Jaina holy places is another paper (pp. 239-50 ) in which Premiji

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ooks historically at the quarrels raged in the Jaina community bout the ownership of holy places. This article should be an ye-opener to those who are wasting their energy and money on ndless litigation. Turning to the literary papers, some of them are mainly devoed to the study of various authors; and naturally their works are numerated, their dates are discussed, and references to them are ut together from various sources. Devanandi and Sakatayana pp. 93-128, 151-62) are eminent grammarians whose treatises n Sanskrit grammar, with their different commentaries, have ome down to us. Asadhara and Amitagati (pp. 129-49, 172-82) ere versatile writers whose works have a great didactic value. 't. Premi's essay on Asadhara is packed with information; and sadhara impresses us as an outstanding personality of his age. Iastimalla and Vadicandra (pp. 260-271) were playwrights hose Sanskrit dramas and other works have come to light. inasena I (pp. 420-33) Virasena, Jinasena II and Gunabhadra pp. 497-523) and Camundaraya and his contemporaries have eft a great stamp on subsequent Jaina works. Virasena was a eritable storehouse of Jaina learning, and his worthy pupil Jinaena was in no way inferior to his great master. The Puranas omposed by Jinasena and Gunabhadra have served as a model o many other authors. The great works that some of them roduced and the royal patronage that they enjoyed have marked ut a definite period for them in the cultural history of Jainism. Laricandra (pp. 472-76), Vadibhasimha (pp. 477-82) Dhana. ajaya (pp. 463-66), Vadirajasuri (pp. 397-405) and Mahasena pp. 183-86) were worthy masters of Sanskrit language; and ome of their works possess great literary merit. Amrtacandra pp. 457-60) and Padmaprabha (pp. 453-56) were remarkable piritual poets, and their commentaries are a model of facile anskrit expression. Srutasagara (pp. 407-12) was mainly a ommentator and Sricandra (pp. 335-339) an annotator. Prabhaindra was a voluminous writer (pp. 335-339), but his fame,

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9 like that of Anantakirti (pp. 452) rests on his Nyaya treatises. Mallisena (pp. 413-419) was a poet, but his unique contributions are some Jaina Tantric and ritualistic texts that strike almost a new path in Jaina literature. Subhacandra (pp. 527-33) is one of the latest authors that composed works, both in Sanskrit and Prakrit, on different topics. In his essays on Puspadanta, Svayambhu and Tribhuvana Svayambhu (pp. 300-335, 370-96 & 571), Pt. Premiji has presented in a systematic form the great mass of material about these three luminaries of Apabhramsa literature whose bounds are being widened by new works that are coming to light in plenty, in different Jaina Bhandaras. He has been one of the pioneer workers in the field of Apabhramsa literature, and he has justly rescued the personality of Caturmukha from confusion (pp. 370 ff.). It is in the fitness of things that an eminent Hindi scholar like Premiji, with his close acquaintance with different phases of old-Hindi seen in Jaina works of successive centuries, should be attracted to the study of Apabhramsa authors like Puspadanta; and what he has achieved as a pioneer should be a point of legitimate pride to any scholar. He has distinguished three Dhanapalas (pp. 467-71) and four Vagbhatas (pp. 483-88); and added short notes on Maghanandi and Gunabhadra (pp. 533-34). Besides, Pt. Premiji has presented his study of different Jaina works, both in Prakrit and Sanskrit, putting together all the available information about their authors and dates. The Lokavibhaga, Tiloyapannatti (pp. 1-22 & 568) and Jambudivapannatti (pp. 251-59 & 572) are old Jaina texts dealing with cosmography. The notes on the commentaries of the Bhagavati Aradhana (pp. 23- 40) are important; and after Pt. Premi wrote this paper first in the Anekanta, their value was recognised and some of them were subsequently printed too. The note on the Nayacakra (pp. 163172) gives good many details about Devasenasuri and his other compositions. His study of Nitivakyamrta (pp. 61-92), a work on Polity, shows how Pt. Premi approaches the texts from a wider

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and critical point of view. His comparative study of the Paumacariya and I admacarita (pp. 272-92 & 571) and the Jnanarnava and Yogasastra (pp. 441-57 & 572) is still a fruitful line of exhaustive study which needs further investigation from different points of view. Important details are given about texts like the Kathakosa (pp. 431-39 ) Jinasataka ( pp. 460-62), Nemicaritakava (pp. 491-95) and Jyotihprabhakalyana (p. 496 ); and special attention is drawn to the works of Sumati, Vajranandi, Mahasena and Prabhanjana which have not been discovered as yet ( pp. 534-539). Pt. Premniji, with his usual progressive views, has written a few notes on some general topics connected with Jainism and Jaina community (p. 510 etc.) It is beyond the scope of a short Introduction to give more details than these; but what I have briefly reviewed would convince any one that Pt. Premiji has covered a vast field of Jaina literature in this volume which should serve hereafter as a fine supplement to Winternitz's treatment of Jaina Literature in his History of Indian Literature Vol. II ( Calcutta 1933 ). It is merely an accident. of selection that Pt. Premi confines himself to Jaina literature, but his outlook is always wide. In his study of Nitivakyamrta of Somadeva he has compared it with the Arthasastra. With him Jaina authors and texts do not stand isolated, but he is convinced of the need of studying them against the back-ground of Indian literature and history. In his discussions about Jinasena I, Jinasena II, Sakat:iyana, Asadhara, Somadeva and Prabhacandra, he takes into account their royal contemporaries and the then period of Indian history to the knowledge of which also he contributes new facts sometimes modifying and sometimes confirming the known details. He always uses earlier material whenever it is available and within his reach. Some of these articles are revised up to date, and as such this volume has become a mine of information for the student of Jaina literature. Differences of opinion held by others do not detract the value of facts that are laboriously: collected.

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By his catholic outlook, readiness to correct himself, unbiased approach and balanced judgement, Pt. Premi is a model research scholar who is more after facts than mere ingenuity of interpretation and argument. Premiji never entered the portals of any College, nor did he get the advantage of studying in any University; he is, however, a self-made scholar who has taught himself, all through his career, by modest devotion to study and rigorous habits of work. The quality of his work gives him a respectable place with our eminent scholars like Bhagawanlal Indraji and Gaurishankar Ojha. The Hindi language too should consider itself richer by this valuable work which contains solid facts of abiding interest and results of patient labour. Pt. Premiji has earned our gratitude by this publication. Due to war conditions he had to withhold some of his notes, and publish the book as it stands now. I pray for a long and healthy life to Pt. Premiji that he might further enrich the field of Indian studies by his contributions. Kolhapur, 5th March 42. j A. N. UPADHYE

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do zabda bhAratIya itihAsakA abhItaka rA pUrA anusandhAna nahIM huA hai / prAcIna vedakAlase lagAkara prAyaH Adhunika kAlatakake rAjanItika, dhArmika, sAmAjika aura sAhityika itihAsake aneka bhAga abhI taka khaMDita dazAmeM aura andhakArameM hI par3e hue haiM / jaina saMskRti ke itihAsakI to aura bhI bar3I durdazA hai / isakA to pramukha sAhitya bhI abhItaka pUrA pUrA prakAzameM nahIM AyA hai| yahA~ anusandhAnakoMkI kaThinAI isa kAraNa aura bar3ha jAtI hai ki svayaM jaina samAjake bhItara eka aisA dala vidyamAna hai jo prakAzana aura samAlocanakA virodhI hai| ataH yaha koI Azcarya nahIM jo isa kSetrameM kArya karanevAloMkI saMkhyA atyalpa rahI ho| jina thor3ese vyaktiyoMna kaThinAiyoMkI paravAha na karake jaina sAhitya aura itihAsako prakAzameM lAnekA prayatna kiyA hai unameM zrIyukta paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIkA nAma agragaNya hai / paMDitajIkI sAhitya-sevAyeM jainatva taka hI sImita nahIM rahI, hindI sAhityake uddhAra aura nirmANameM bhI unakA kArya advitIya aura cirasmaraNIya hai| kintu jaina sAhityameM to unhoMne eka nayA yuga hI sthApita kara diyA hai / Aja jo jaina sAhityake prakAzana aura anusandhAnakA kArya cala rahA hai usapara premIjIke prayatnoMkI pratyakSa yA parokSa amiTa chApa lagI huI hai| navIna khojakoMke lie premIjIke anusandhAna pathapradarzakakA kAma dete haiN| premIjIke khojapUrNa aura atyanta mahattvazAlI lekha prAya: jaina patrikAoM aura sphuTa pustikAoM tathA granthoMkI bhUmikAoMmeM samAviSTa honese sabake lie sadA sulabha nahIM hai aura kucha to aprApya hI ho gaye haiN| bahuta kAlase merA premIjIse Agraha thA ki ve apane ina lekhoMko eka jagaha saMgraha kara deM to naye khojakoMko bar3A subhItA ho jAya / kintu vRddhAvasthA, asvAsthya aura anya cintAoMke kAraNa ve isa ora bahuta samaya taka pravRtta na ho sake / atyanta harSakA viSaya hai ki antataH premIjIne isa kAryakI Ava

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zyakatAko pradhAna sthAna diyA aura uparyukta kaThinAiyoMke bar3hate jAnepara bhI ve isa kAryameM juTa gaye / na kevala unhoMne Apane pUrva prakAzita lekhoMkA saMgraha hI kiyA hai, kintu unameM Ajatakake anusandhAnoMkI dRSTise ucita parivartana aura parivardhana bhI kara diyA hai| __ina lekhoMmeM adhikAMza jainasAhityake itihAsase sambandha rakhanevAle haiM aura kucha jaina tIrthoM tathA dhArmika sAmAjika saMsthAoMke itihAsapara prakAza DAlanevAle / jinhoMne kabhI sAhityika itihAsake kisI aMzakA kucha anusandhAna karanekA prayatna kiyA hai ve ina lekhoMkI gambhIratA, mahattA aura lekhakake apAra parizrama tathA vivekakA aMdAja lagA skeNge| premIjIkI lekhana-zailI aisI sarala aura sundara hai ki sAhityase prema rakhanevAlA koI bhI pAThaka ina lekhoMko dilacaspIse par3ha sakatA hai| kyA hI acchA hotA yadi premIjI isI zailIse apanI zeSa racanAoMkA bhI saMskaraNa karake prakAzita karA sakate / kintu asAdhAraNa vighnoMke kAraNa vaha mahattvapUrNa kArya philahAla yahIM ruka gayA hai| hameM AzA aura vizvAsa hai ki ye kAle bAdala zIghra hI naSTa hoMge aura vaha zeSa punIta kArya bhI sampanna ho jaaygaa| taba taka hama ina mahattvazAlI lekhoMke saMgrahase pUrA lAbha uThAnA cAhie / kiMga eDavarDa kAleja, amarAvatI / 17-2-42 hIrAlAla jaina

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lekhaka kI orase san 1921 ke antameM jaba 'jainahitaiSI ' banda huA thA, tabhI se yaha socatA rahA hU~ ki apane likhe hue tamAma aitihAsika lekhoMkA eka saMgraha prakAzita kara diyA jAya / snehI mitra bhI isake lie hamezA preraNA karate rahe haiM; parantu aba taka yaha kArya na ho sakA / gata varSa jaba isa kAryako karane baiThA, taba dekhA ki una lekhoMko jyoMkA tyoM prakAzita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki pichale 30 varSoM meM bahuta-sA alabhya sAhitya prakAza meM A gayA hai, bahuta se zilAlekha, tAmrapatra Adi AviSkRta ho cuke haiM aura bahuta-sI naI naI khojeM bhI vidvAnoMne kI haiM / jaba taka unakI rozanI meM ina sabakI jA~ca par3atAla na kara lI jAya, taba taka yaha eka nirarthaka-sA kAma hogA / ataeva yahI nizcaya karanA par3A ki pratyeka lekhakA saMzodhana kara liyA jAya / parantu yaha kArya socA thA, utanA sahaja nahIM mAlUma huA / adhikAMza lekhoMko to bilkula naye sire se likhanA par3A aura kucha kAphI parivartana aura saMzodhana karaneke bAda ThIka ho sake / pratidina tIna cAra ghaMTese kama samaya nahIM diyA gayA, phira bhI isameM lagabhaga eka varSa laga gayA / isa saMgrahameM kucha lekha aise bhI haiM, jo pahale kahIM prakAzita to nahIM hue haiM parantu jinake viSaya meM bahuta-sI taiyArI kara rakkhI gaI thI, jaise mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu, padmacarita aura paumacariya, padmaprabha maladhArideva, jinazataka ke TIkAkarttA, cAra vAgbhaTa, tIna dhanapAla, Adi / ye saba bhI isI bIca likha liye gaye aura isa saMgraha meM de diye gaye / 1

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16 sAre lekhoMke saMzodhanameM abhI tIna cAra mahIne aura laga jAte parantu isI samaya mahAyuddhakI vibhISikA bhAratake bilkula sirapara A pahu~cI aura usake bhayase vambaI nagara khAlI hone lagA, isalie aba itane samaya taka ThaharanekA sAhasa na rahA, na jAne kala kyA ho jAya, isalie jitanA taiyAra thA, utanA hI pAThakoM kI sevAmeM upasthita kara denA ThIka pratIta huA / jo lekha ThIka nahIM kiye jA sake aura isa saMgraha meM nahIM diye jA sake, unameM bhaTTAkalaMka, samantabhadra, kundakunda, umAsvAti, vidyAnandi, darzanasAravivecana, tAranapantha, paravAra jAti Adi mukhya haiM / yadi jIvita rahA, aura paristhitiyA~ anukUla huI, to kamase kama isa samaya to unako ThIka karake prakAzita kara denekI bhAvanA hai / yadyapi isa sATha varSakI umra meM aura isa pralaya-kAlameM jIvita rahane aura anukUla paristhitiyoMkI AzA karanA eka durAzA hI hai / lekhoMmeM aneka doSa aura truTiyA~ raha gaI hoMgIM, parantu unake lie maiM pAThakoMse kSamA nahIM mA~gatA / manuSyase doSa aura truTiyA~ hotI hI haiM / kevala itanA vizvAsa dilA denA cAhatA hU~ ki kisI Agraha yA pakSapAtake vazIbhUta hokara maiMne koI nirNaya nahIM kiyA / apanI alpa buddhi aura sAdhAraNa vivekase jo kucha mujhe ThIka mAlUma huA hai vahI likhA hai aura maiM samajhatA hU~ ki eka itihAsake vidyArthIke lie yaha kAphI hai / maiM apaneko itihAsakA eka tuccha vidyArthI hI mAnatA hU~ / yadyapi isa saMgrahake prAyaH sabhI lekha apane pUrva rUpameM nahIM rahe haiM unameM prAyaH AmUla parivartana kiyA gayA hai; phira bhI sabase pahale ve kaba likhe gaye the aura kahA~ prakAzita hue the, lekha sUcI meM isakI sUcanA de dI gaI hai / isa saMgraha-kAryameM rAjArAma kAlejake ardhamAgadhIke prophesara DaoN0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhyAya ema0 e0 ne bahuta adhika sahAyatA dI hai / bar3I hI tatparatAse aneka prUphoMkA saMzodhana kara diyA hai, samaya samayapara aneka bahumUlya sUcanAyeM dI haiM, apanI dekha-rekha meM upayukta nAma-sUcI taiyAra karA dI hai, aura sAtha hI eka a~grejI bhUmikA bhI likha dI hai /

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suhRdvara pro0 hIrAlAla jIne bhI aneka prUphoMkA saMzodhana karake, jayadhavalA, gaNitasArasaMgraha AdikI prazastiyA~ bhejakara tathA aneka praznoMkA uttara dekara bahuta sahAyatA dI hai| vAstavameM ina donoM vidvAn mitroM ke saujanya, Agraha aura sahayogase hI yaha saMgraha prakAzita ho sakA hai aura isa taraha donoMne hI mujhe sadAke lie apanA RNI banA liyA hai| 'jaina gurjarakavio' aura ' jaina-sAhityano itihAsa' ke lekhaka zrI mohanalAla dalIcandajI desAI bI0 e0 ela ela0 bI0 ne apane vizAla saMgrahake aneka grantha mujhe upayoga karaneke lie diye haiM aura paM0 rAmaprasAdajI zAstrIne ai050 sarasvatI-bhavanake bIsoM granthoMkA upayoga karane diyA hai, isake lie ukta donoM mahAzayoMkA bhI maiM bahuta kRtajJa huuN| __paM0 hIrAlAlajI zAstrI, paM0 phUlacandajI zAstrI, sAhityAcArya paM0 rAjakumAra zAstrIne bhI aneka sUcanAyeM denekI kRpA kI hai| inake sivAya jina jina sajanoMke lekhoM aura granthoMse sahAyatA lI hai, unakA ullekha yathAsthAna kara diyA gayA hai| una saba sajanoMkA bhI maiM hRdayase kRtajJa huuN| mere putra AyuSmAn hemacandra modIne aneka aMgrejI lekhoM aura uddharaNoMkA anuvAda karane aura aneka lekhoMko suvyavasthita karanemeM sahAyatA dI hai / / bambaI 20-3-42 nAthUrAma premI

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prakAzakakI orase merI svargIyA mAtAkI mRtyuke samaya pitAjIne do hajAra rupayA kisI zubhakAryameM lagAnekA saMkalpa kiyA thaa| yaha grantha unhIM rUpayoMse prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| isakI bikrIse jo rupayA vasUla hogA, vaha isI khAtemeM jamA kiyA jAyagA aura phira kisI aise hI kAryameM lagAyA jAyagA / kAgajakI isa behada maha~gAIke samayameM bhI granthakA mUlya bahuta kama rakkhA gayA hai, jisase adhikase adhika isakA pracAra ho ske| -hemacandra

Page #27
lekha-sUcI pR0 saM0 Mmm Mmm 0, 2 1 lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNa tti ( jainahitaiSI, 1917) / 2 ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM ( anekAnta, 1931) 3 yApanIya sAhitya kI khoja ( anekAnta, 1939) 4 somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta ( jai0 sA0 saM0, 1923) 5 devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa ( jai0 hi0, 1921) 6 paNDitavara AzAdhara ( jai0 hi0, 1909 ) 129 7 zAkaTAyana aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana ( jai0 hi0, 1916 ) 8 nayacakra aura devasenasUri ( jai0 hi0, 1921) 163 9 AcArya amitagati ( jai0 hi0, 1908) 10 hamAre tIrthakSetra ( jai0 si0 bhA0, 1939 ) 185 11 dakSiNake tIrthakSetra ( anekAnta, 1940 ) 223 12 tIrthoke jhagar3oMpara aitihAsika dRSTise vicAra ( jai0 hi0, 1921 ) 239 13 jaMbudIvapaNNatti ( jai0 sA0 saM0, 1924 ) 14 nATyakAra hastimalla ( vikrAntakauravakI bhUmikA, 1929 ) 15 vAdicandra sUri ( jUna 1909) 267 16 padmacarita aura paumacariya 272 27 cAmuNDarAya aura unake samakAlIna AcArya (jai0 hi0, 1916) 18 mahAkavi puSpadanta ( jai0 sA0 saM0, 1923 ) 19 zrIcandra aura prabhAcandra ( anekAnta, 1941) 335 20 sAmpradAyika dveSakA eka udAharaNa (jai0 hi0, 1909) 340 21 vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya ( jai0 hi0, 1920) 22 mahAkaviM svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu 23 vAdirAjasUri ( jainahitaiSI, 1912) 24 zrutasAgarasUri ( jai0 hi0, 1921) 25 malliSeNasUri ( vidvadratnamAlA, 1912) 26 AcArya jinasena aura unakA harivaMza ( ha. kI bhU0, 1930 ) 420 251 260 in is o m ny in w was om x x 9. o or in in m m x x x 396 406 0

Page #28
453 m 461 my m 467 496 27 haripeNakA ArAdhanA-kathAkoza ( jai0 hi0, 1920 ) 434 28 AcArya zubhacandra aura unakA samaya ( anekAnta, 1940) 440 29 AcArya anantakIrti ( jai0 hi0, 1915) 30 padmaprabha maladhArideva 31 AcArya amRtacandra ( jai0 hi0, 1920) 32 jinazatakake TIkAkartA kauna haiM ? 33 mahAkavi dhanaMjaya 464 34 dhanapAla nAmake tIna kavi 35 mahAkavi haricandra 472 36 mahAkavi vAdIbhasiMha ( kSatracUr3AmaNikI bhUmikA, 1910 ) 477 37 cAra vAgbhaTa 483 38 kavi vAdirAja (jai0 hi0, bhAga 6) 489 39 nemicaritakAvya (jai0 hi0, 1916 ) 491 40 jyotiHprabhAkalyANa nATaka 41 tIna mahAn granthakartA (jai0 hi0, 1911) 42 muni ratnasiMhakA prANapriya kAvya ( jai0 hi0, 1909) 43 jayakIrtikA chandonuzAsana ( anekAnta, 1931) 525 44 jJAnabhUSaNa aura zubhacandra ( siddhAntasArAdikI bhUmikA, 1922 ) 526 45 mAghanandi yogIndra , " " 534 46 bhaTTAraka guNabhadra " " 525 47 kucha aprApya grantha ( 1 sumatidevake do grantha, 2 vajranandike do| grantha, 3 mahAsenakI sulocanA kathA, 4 prabhaMjanakA yazodhara ca0) 536 48 chAna-bIna ( 1 saMdhI, saMghavI, siMghaI, siMgaI, 2 sAdhu aura sAhu, 3 patipatnIke samAna nAma, 4 sAdhuoMkA bahupatnItva, 5 parAzarasmRtike zlokakA artha, 6 parigraha-parimANavratake dAsI-dAsa gulAma the, 7 bhagavAna mahAvIrakA vaMza, 8 zUdroMke lie jinamUrtiyA~, 9 dakSiNakI jaina jAtiyA~, 10 vikramAditya aura khAravela, 11 yajJopavIta aura jainadharma, 12 jainadharma anIzvaravAdI hai) 540 49 pariziSTa 568 50 nAma-sUcI 575 497 524 "

Page #29
loka-vibhAga aura tiloyapaNNatti loka-vibhAga loka-vibhAga bahuta hI prAcIna grantha hai / zrIyuta vinseMTa e0 smithane apane itihAsa ( alI hisTrI oNpha iMDiyA) ke pRSTha 471 meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai aura ise zakakI cauthI zatAbdikA batalAyA hai / khoja karanepara hameM isakI eka prati svargIya vidyApremI seTha mANikacandajIke sarasvatI-bhaNDArase prApta ho gaI / isakI zloka-saMkhyA 2230 aura patra-saMkhyA 71 hai / bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrtike ziSya jJAnabhUSaNa bhaTTArakake upadezase kisI lekhakane isakI pratilipi kI thii| ataeva yaha vikramakI solahavIM zatAbdikI likhI huI prati hai| jJAnabhUSaNa isI zatAbdimeM hue haiN| __ granthakI bhASA saMskRta aura chanda anuSTup hai / isameM 1 jambUdvIpa, 2 lavaNasamudra, 3 mAnuSa-kSetra, 4 dvIpa-samudra, 5 kAla, 6 tiryag-loka, 7 bhavanavAsi-loka, 8 gati, 9 madhya-loka, 10 vyantara-loka, 11 svarga aura mokSa vibhAga nAmake gyAraha adhikAra yA adhyAya haiM / isakA maMgalAcaraNa yaha hai lokAlokavibhAgajJAna bhaktyA stutvA jinezvarAn / vyAkhyAsyAmi samAsena lokatattvamanekadhA // 1 // antima prazAstike zloka ye haiMbhavyebhyaH suramAnuSorusadasi zrIvarddhamAnArhatA, yatproktaM jagato vidhAnamakhilaM jJAtaM sudhrmaadibhiH|

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa AcAryAvalikAgataM viracitaM tatsiMhasUrarSiNA, bhASAyAH parivartanena nipuNaiH sammAnitA (taM) saadhubhiH||1 vaizve sthite ravisute vRSabhe ca jIve, rAjottareSu sitapakSamupetya candre / grAme ca pATali(ka)nAmani pANa(NDya)rASTra, zAstraM purA likhitavAn munisarvanandiH // 2 // saMvatsare tu dvAviMze kAMcIzasiMhavarmaNaH / azItyagre zakAbdAnAM siddhametacchatatraye // 3 // paJcAdazazatAni SaDviMzatyadhikAni vai| zAstrasya saMgrahastvidaM chandasAnuSTabhena ca // 4 // iti lokavibhAge mokSavibhAgo nAma ekAdazaprakaraNaM samAptaM / arthAt devoM aura manuSyoMkI sabhAmeM bhagavAn varddhamAn arahaMtane bhavya janoMke lie jo jagatkA sArA svarUpa kahA thA aura jise sudharma svAmI Adi gaNadharoMne jAnA thA, vaha AcAryoMkI paramparAdvArA calA AyA, aura use siMhasUrine bhASAkA parivartana karake racA / nipuNa sAdhuoMne isakA sammAna kiyA // 1 // jisa samaya uttarASAr3ha nakSatrameM zanizcara, vRSabha (?)meM bRhaspati aura uttarAphAlgunImeM candramA thA, tathA zuklapakSa thA ( arthAt phAlguna zuklA pUrNimA thI) usa samaya pANerASTrake pArTalika grAmameM isa zAstrako pahale sarvanandi nAmaka munine likhA // 2 // kAMcIke rAjA siMhavarmAke 22 veM saMvatsarameM aura zakake 380 veM varSameM yaha grantha samApta huA // 3 // yaha zAstrakA saMgraha 1526 anuSTup chandoMmeM samApta huA hai| 1 * vRSabhe ' pATha azuddha dikhatA hai| vRSa rAzimeM usa samatha bRhaspatikI sthiti ThIka nahIM baitthtii| 2-3 paM0 ke0 bhujabali zAstrIne batalAyA hai ki yaha 'pANa' nahIM kintu pANDava rASTra hai jisakI rAjadhAnI usa samaya kAMcI thI aura pATalika grAma vartamAna kaDDalora ( Cuddalore) hai / tAmila bhASAke ' periyapurANa' Adi graMthoMmeM ise * trippadiripuliyUra' kahA gayA hai| 4 siMhavarmA * pallava ' vaMzake rAjA the aura unakI rAjadhAnI 'kAMcI' thii|

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lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNatti prazasti ke ina zlokoMko par3haneke bAda hamane dekhA ki isameM granthAntaroMse bhI kucha zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiM / sabase pahale hamArI dRSTi ' tiloyapaNNatti ' para par3I, kyoMki isa granthakI pacAsoM gAthAyeM loka-vibhAga meM uddhRta haiM / isase hameM isa nizcayapara AnA par3A ki tiloya paNNatti lokavibhAga se bhI purAnA grantha hai / parantu isake bAda hI jaba mAlUma huA ki loka - vibhAga meM trailokyasArakI bhI gAthAe~ maujUda haiM, taba usakI prAcInatAmeM sandeha khar3A ho gayA, kyoMki trailokyasAra vikramakI 11 vIM zatAbdikA banA huA grantha hai, aura yaha eka taraha se sunizcita hai / kAraNa, trailokyasArakI saMskRta - TIkA meM paM0 mAdhavacandra traividyadeva, jo trelokyasArake karttA nemicandrake ziSya the, spaSTa zabdoM meM likhate haiM ki yaha grantha maMtrivara cAmuNDarAyake pratibodhake lie banAyA gayA hai aura cAmuNDarAyake banAye hue ' triSaSTi-lakSaNa- mahApurANa' meM usake banane kA samaya zaka saMvat 900 ( vi0 saM0 1035 ) likhA huA hai' / kanar3Ike aura bhI kaI granthoMse cAmuDarAya aura nemicandrakA samaya yahI nizcita hotA hai / W loka-vibhAgameM trailokyasArakI gAthA dete samaya spaSTa zabdoM meM ' uktaM ca trailokyasAre ' isa prakAra likhA hai / isa kAraNa yaha sandeha nahIM ho sakatA ki ve gAthAe~ kisI anya prAcIna granthakI hoMgIM aura usase loka - vibhAgake samAna trailokyasArameM bhI le lI gaI hoMgIM, kyoMki trailokyasAra saMgraha-grantha hai | ataH siddha huA ki loka-vibhAga trailokyasArase pIchekA, vikramakI gyArahavIM zatAbdi ke bAdakA grantha hai | loka-vibhAgameM trailokyasArakI jo gAthAyeM uddhRta kI gaI haiM unameM se do ye haiM -- velaMdhara bhujagavimANANa sahasvANi bAhire sihare / aMta bAvattari aDavIsaM bAdAlayaM lavaNe // dutAdo sattasayaM dukosaahiyaM ca hoi siharAdo / NayarANi hu gayaNatale joyaNa dasaguNasahaslavAsANi || ye trailokyasArakI 903 - 4 nambarakI gAthAe~ haiM aura loka-vibhAga meM 1 nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ke samayAdike viSayameM hamArA svataMtra lekha ' AcArya candra' dekhie /

Page #32
jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 422 veM nambarake zlokake bAda uddhRta kI gaI haiN| isI prakArakI aura bhI cAra pA~ca gAthAe~ haiM / trailokya-saMgraha nAmake eka aura granthakI bhI kucha gAthAe~ loka-vibhAgameM uddhRta kI gaI haiM, parantu vaha prApta nahIM ho sakA / ataeva usake viSayameM kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Age calakara pA~caveM adhyAyake 42 veM zlokake bAda 'uktaM cArSe' likhakara tIna zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, jo AdipurANake tIsare parvameM maujUda haiM tatastRtIyakAle'sminvyAtakrAmatyanukramAt / palyopamASTabhAgastu yadAsminpariziSyate // kalpAnokahavIryANAM kramAdeva pricyutau| jyotiraMgAstadA vRkSA gatA mandaprakAzatAM // puSpavantAvathASADhyAM paurNamAsyAM sphuratprabhau sAyAle prAdurAstAM tau gaganobhayabhAgayoH // AdipurANameM inakA nambara 55-56-57 hai aura aneka granthakAra AdipurANakA 'ArSa ' kahakara ullekha karate haiN| AdipurANa vikramakI nauvIM zatAbdike antameM banA hai| ataeva yaha kahanA hogA ki loka-vibhAga usase pIchekA hai, zaka saMvat 380 ( vi0 saM0 515) kA nhiiN| taba granthake antameM jo samaya likhA hai, usakA kyA abhiprAya hai ? _prazastike zlokoMpara bahuta bArIkIke sAtha vicAra karanepara isa praznakA uttara mila jAtA hai| pahale zlokake 'bhASAyAH parivartanena siMhasUrarSiNA viracitaM' padase aura dUsare zlokake 'zAstraM purA likhitavAn munisarvanandiH' padase mAlUma huA ki isa granthako pahale (prAkRta) bhASAmeM sarvanandi nAmaka munine banAyA thA, pIche use bhASAkA parivartana karake siMhasUrine saMskRtameM bnaayaa| ataH zaka savat 380 (vi0 saM0 515) mUla prAkRta granthake bananekA samaya hai, isa saMskRta granthake bananekA nhiiN| isake bananekA samaya yA to likhA hI nahIM gayA, yA lekhakoMkI galatIse chUTa gayA hai| garaja yaha ki upalabdha 'loka-vibhAga' jo ki saMskRtameM haiM bahuta prAcIna grantha nahIM hai / prAcInatAse usakA itanA hI sambandha hai ki vaha eka bahuta purAne zaka saMvat 380 ke bane hue granthase anuvAda kiyA gayA hai| isa bAtakA nizcaya nahIM ho sakA ki yaha trailokyasArase kitane samaya pIche banA hai| yadi

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lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNattiM isake kartA siMhasUrike banAye hue kisI anya granthakA patA lagatA, to usase zAyada isakA nizcaya ho jaataa| tiloya-paNNatti aba triloka-prajJaptiko lIjie / isakA prAkRta nAma 'tiloya-paNNatti' hai| isakI zlokasaMkhyA ATha hajAra hai| granthakA adhikAMza prAkRta gAthA-baddha hai| kucha aMza gadyameM bhI hai| isakA viSaya isake nAmase hI prakaTa hai| trailokyasArakI gAthA-saMkhyA eka hajAra hai, ataeva yaha usase aThagunA bar3A hai / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki trailokyasAra isI granthakA sAra hai / isameM sAmAnya jagatsvarUpa, nAraka-lokasvarUpa, bhavanavAsI, manuSyaloka, tiryak-loka, vyantara-loka, jyotirloka, suraloka aura siddhaloka nAmake nau mahA adhikAra yA adhyAya haiM / pratyeka adhyAyake bhItara choTe choTe aura bhI aneka adhyAya haiM / isa granthakI AraMbhika gAthA yaha hai aTTavihakarmaviyalA NiTThiyakajA pnn?sNsaaraa| diTThasayalaTThasArA siddhA siddhiM mama disaMtu // isake bAda cAra gAthAoMmeM arahaMta, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhuoMko namaskAra kiyA hai / phira eka bar3I lambI pIThikA dI hai, jisameM maMgala, kAraNa, hetu Adi bAtoMpara khUba vistArase vicAra kiyA hai / usake antameM likhA hai sAsaNapadamAvaNNaM padhAharUvattaNeNa dosehiM / NissesehiM vimukaM AiriyaaNukkamAyAdaM // 86 // bhavvajaNANaMdayaraM vocchAmi ahaM tiloyapaNNattiM / NinbharabhattipasAdivaragurucaraNANubhAveNa // 87 / / isameM tiloya-paNNattiko, bhavyajanAnandakAriNI, pravAharUpase zAzvatI, niHzeSadoSarahita aura AcAryoMkI paramparAdvArA calI AI, ye vizeSaNa diye haiM aura kahA hai ki ise maiM zreSTha guruoMke caraNoMke prabhAvase kahatA huuN| Age nIcI likhI gAthAe~ dekara grantha samApta kiyA hai -- 1 siMhasUri nAma pUrA nahIM jAna pdd'taa| chandakI kaThinAIke kAraNa saMkSipta-sA kiyA gayA hai| pUrA nAma zAyada siMhanandi ho /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa paNamaha jiNavaravasahaM gaNaharavasahaM taheva guNavasahaM / daTTaNa ya risivasahaM jadivasahaM dhammasuttapAThae vasahaM // 50 cuNNisarUvaMchakkaraNasarUvapamANa hodi kiM jaM tN| aTTasahassapamANaM tiloyapaNNattiNAmAe // 51 evaM AyariyaparaMparAgae tiloyapaNNattIe siddhaloyasarUvanirUvaNapaNNattI NAma Navamo mahAhiyAro sammatto / maiggappabhAvaNaTuM pavayaNabhattippacodideNa mayA / bhaNidaM gaMthappavaraM sohaMtu bahussudAiriyA // tiloyapaNNattI smmttaa| tiloyapaNNattike kartA pahalI gAthAse mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha grantha yativRSabhAcAryakA banAyA huA hai / ye yativRSabha AcArya vahI haiM, jinakA ullekha indranandikRta zrutAvatArameM kiyA gayA hai aura jinheM kaSAyaprAbhRta nAmaka dvitIya zrutaskandhake cUrNi-sUtroMkA kartA batalAyA hai pArve tayordvayorapyadhItya sUtrANi tAni ytivRssbhH| yativRSabhanAmadheyo babhUva zAstrArthanipuNamatiH // 155 tena tato yatipatinA tagAthAvRttisUtrarUpeNa / / racitAni SaTsahasragranthAnyatha cUrNasUtrANi // 106 arthAt guNadhara AcAryane kaSAyaprAbhRtako jina nAgahasti aura Arya maM9 muniyoMke lie vyAkhyAna kiyA thA, una donoMke pAsa yativRSabha nAmaka zreSTha yatine unheM par3hA aura phira unapara chaha hajAra zlokaparimANa cUrNi-sUtra likhe / / 1 cuNNisarUvattha' bhI pATha hai| 2 paMcAstikAyakI antima gAthA isIse bilkula milatI julatI hai| pUrvAddhaM to bilkula eka-sA hai maggappabhAvaNaTaM pavayaNabhattippacodideNa myaa| bhaNidaM pavayaNasAraM paMcatthiyasaMgahaM suttaM // 173 3 nAgahasti aura AryamaMgu nAmase inhIM AcAryoMkA ullekha zvetAmbara-paramparAmeM bhI milatA hai / isake viSayameM adhika jAnaneke lie dekho ' dhavalAkI bhUmikA / '

Page #35
lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNatti jayadhavalA TIkAmeM yativRSabhako kaSAya-prAbhRtakA vRtti-sUtrakartA likhakara unase varakI yAcanA kI hai-" so vittisuttakattA jaivasaho me varaM deu|" cUrNi-sUtra aura vRtti-sUtra paryAyavAcI mAlUma par3ate haiM / __ jayadhavalAmeM ( maMgalAcaraNameM ) bhI kahA hai ki guNadhara AcAryake mukhase nikalI huI gAthAoMkA artha AryamaMkSu aura nAgahastine avadhAraNa kiyA aura unase sIkhakara yativRSabhane unapara vRtti sUtra likhe / dhavalA sampAdaka pro0 hIrAlAlajIne apanI bhUmikA batalAyA hai ki dhavalAmeM kaI jagaha yativRSabhake matakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| hamArI samajhameM yaha mata kaSAya-prAbhRtakI vRttikA hI hogA / dhavalAkArane ' tiloyapaNNatti' kA bhI aneka jagaha ullekha kiyA hai aura usakI bahuta-sI gAthAyeM uddhRta kI haiN| Upara uddhRta kI huI tiloyapaNNattikI 51 vIM pUrI gAthAkA artha ThIka ThIka nahIM lgtaa| gAthAke uttarArdhake anusAra tiloyapaNNAtta ATha hajAra zloka pramANa hai aura pUrvArdhase yaha abhiprAya jAna par3atA hai ki yaha pramANa utanA hI hai jitanA cUrNi-granthakA aura SaTkaraNasvarUpakA ekatra karanese hotA hai| cUMki indranandine kaSAyaprAbhRtake cUrNi-sUtrakA parimANa chaha hajAra zloka batalAyA hai, isalie SaTkaraNa-svarUpakA parimANa do hajAra zloka hogaa| yativRSabhakA samaya yativRSabha kaba hue haiM, isakA bilkula ThIka nirNaya karanA to bahuta kaThina hai, phira bhI hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki tiloyapaNNatti grantha sarvanandike prAkRta 'loka-vibhAga' se bAdakA banA huA hai| kyoMki tiloyapaNNattikI kAla-gaNa. 1 'yativRSabhopadezAt sarvaghAtikarmaNAM' ityAdi / -dhavalA a0 302 eso daMsaNamohaNIyauvasAmaotti jaivasaheNa bhaNidaM / -dhavalA a0 425 2 tiriyalogo tti tiloypnnnnttisuttaado|-dhvlaa a0 143 tiloyapaNNattisuttANusAri |-dhvlaa a0 259 3 satprarUpaNAmeM tiloyapaNNattike mudrita aMzakI sAta gAthAyeM jyoMkI tyoM uddhRta haiN|

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa nAke anusAra vIra-nirvANake eka hajAra varSa bAda kalkikI mRtyu huI hai aura zakake 605 varSa pahale vIra-nirvANa huA hai / ataeva kalkikI mRtyukA saMvat 395 ( zaka ) hotA hai| __ kalkikI mRtyuke bAda usake putra ajitaMjayakA do varSa taka dharma-rAjya karanekA bhI ullekha hai aura phira kahA hai ki usake bAda kramazaH dinoMdina kAla-mAhA. tmyase dharmakA -hAsa hone lgaa| jAna par3atA hai ki ajiMtajayake dharma-rAjyake kucha hI samaya bAda tiloyapaNNattikI racanA huI hogii| bahuta bAda huI hotI to usameM ajitaMjayake bAdake anya rAjAoMkA bhI ullekha kiyA jAtA jaisA ki pahaleke rAjAoMkA kiyA gayA hai / balki Azcarya nahIM jo ajiMtaMjayake rAjya-kAlameM hI yativRSabha maujUda hoM / unhoMne dekhA hogA ki do varSa taka to isa rAjAne dharma-rAjya kiyA, para aba usameM vyatyaya A gyaa| yadi hamArA yaha anumAna ThIka ho to za0 saM0 400 ke lagabhaga tiloyapaNNattikA racanA-kAla mAnanA cAhie, aura yaha kAla loka-vibhAgake racanA-kAlase kucha pIche par3atA hai / indranandine apane zrutAvatArameM tiloyapaNNAttike anusAra hI vIra-nirvANake 683 varSa bAda taka aMgajJAnakA astitva mAnA hai| usake bAda arhadvali hue aura phira kucha samaya bAda ( tatkAla hI nahIM) mAghanandi hue / unake svargavAsake kucha samaya pIche dharasena hue jinhoMne bhUtabali-puSpadantako par3hAyA aura phira bhUtabaline jinapAlitako / phira eka guNadharanAmake AcArya hue jinake ziSya AryamaMkSu aura nAgahastise yativRSabhane kaSAyaprAbhRta pddh'aa| indranandiko yaha patA nahIM thA ki dharasena aura guNadharameMse kauna pahale huA aura kauna pIche kyoMki unake samakSa ukta AcAryoMke anvayako batalAnevAle na to Agama hI the aura munijana / 1-2 Arya maMkSu aura nAgahastike kAlakA ThIka patA zvetAmbara-sAhityase nahIM lgtaa| tapAgaccha paTTAvalImeM vI0 ni0 467 meM AryamaMguko batalAyA hai, aura kalpasUtrakI avacUrimeM nAgahatthi ( nAgahasti) kA samaya vIra ni0 saMvat 630 varSa pAyA jAtA hai / donoMke bIca kAphI antara hai| 3 guNadharadharasenAnvayagurvoH pUrvAparakramo'smAbhiH / na jJAyate tadanvayakathakAgamamunijanAbhAvAt / / 151 //

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lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNatti yadi ye saba AcArya lagAtAra hue hote to unake samayakA kucha anumAna ho sakatA thA, parantu kaI jagaha inake bIca-bIcakI zRMkhalA TUTI huI hai,, isase nahIM ho sakatA / yadi yativRSabhakA uparyukta kAla za0 saM0 400 ke lagabhaga arthAt vIra nirvANa 1005 mAnA jAya to phira ukta saba AcAryoMke antarAla-kAlako 322 varSa (1005-6833322) mAnanA hogA aura yaha kalpanAmeM A sakatA hai| padmanandi aura yativRSabha isa granthake antameM tIrthakaroMke stavana-prasaMgameM nIce likhI gAthA milatI hai esa surAsuramaNusiMdavaMdiyaM dhodadhAdikammamalaM / paNamAmi vaDDamANaM titthaM dhammassa kattAraM // 77 yahI gAthA pravacanasArakI prAraMbhika gAthA hai| aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki vAstavameM isa gAthAke mUla racayitA kauna haiM ? tiloyapaNNattike kartI yA pravacanasArake kA? pravacanasAra granthakI yaha sabase pahalI gAthA hai aura aise sthAnapara hai ki jahA~se alaga nahIM kI jA sktii| isa gAthAmeM varddhamAna bhagavAnako namaskAra karake AgekI gAthAmeM 'sese puNa titthayare' zeSa teIsa tIrthakaroMko namaskAra hai / pahalI gAthAko alaga kara denese dUsarI gAthA laTakatI huI raha jAtI hai / __ aba tiloyapaNNattimeM isa gAthAkI avasthitiko dekhie / jo prati hamAre samakSa hai, usameM 24 tIrthaMkaroMkI stutikI 24 gAthAoMkA krama isa prakAra rakkhA hai ki pahaleke ATha adhikAroMke prAraMbha aura antameM eka eka tIrthakarakI eka eka gAthA. dvArA stuti kI gaI hai| ye saba 16 gAthAyeM ho jAtI haiN| aba rahe zeSa ATha tIrthakara -kunthunAthase varddhamAna taka-so unakI ATha gAthAyeM granthake antameM dekara 24 kI saMkhyA pUrI kara dI gaI hai aura inhIM AThamekI antima gAthA pravacanasArakI ukta gAthA hai / bahuta sambhava hai ki ye saba gAthAyeM mUla granthakI na hoM, pIchese kisIne jor3a dI hoM aura unameM pravacanasArakI ukta gAthA A gaI ho / DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyene isa viSayameM mujhe apane patra ( 23-6-41 ) meM likhA hai ki " tiloyapaNNatti aura kundakundake granthoMmeM isa tarahake samAna zloka jyAdA milate haiN| merA mata yaha hai ki isa prakArake zloka eka dUsarese liye hue nahIM kintu paramparAgata maukhika sAhityase prApta kiye hue haiM aura ve ekAdhika

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa AcAryoMke granthoM meM milate haiM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, kundakundake grantha, tiloyapaNatti Adi digambara granthoM meM hI nahIM balki zvetAmbara sampradAyake niyukti, prakIrNaka (payaNNA) Adi granthoM meM bhI isa tarahake samAna zloka haiM / isI dRSTise maiM una zlokoMko paramparAgata kahatA huuN| jisa samaya saba grantha kaNThastha rakkhe jAte the usa samaya aisA honA asambhava nhiiN|" ___ maiM isa bAtako mAnatA hU~; phira bhI yaha prazna raha jAtA hai ki kyA apane svataMtra granthoMke maMgalAcaraNa yA namaskArAtmaka padya bhI AcArya svayaM na banAkara paramparA. gata padyoMmeMse le lete hoMge ? saiddhAntika padyoMkA jyoMkA tyoM upayoga kara lenA to samajhameM AtA hai, para maMgalAcaraNa-gAthAoMkA lenA kucha adbhuta-sA lagatA hai| _ AcArya kundakundakA samaya-nirNaya abhI taka ThIka ThIka nahIM ho sakA hai| parantu indranandine apane zrutAvatArameM jo kucha likhA hai, usase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki ve yA to yativRSabhase kucha pIche hue haiM yA lagabhaga eka hI samayake hoNge| kyoMki yativRSabhake bAda hI kuNDakuNDapurameM padmanandi munine SaTkhaNDAgamake pahale tIna khaMDoMpara 12 hajAra zlokakI parikarma nAmakI TIkA likhI thii| isa TIkAke ullekha bhI dhavalA TIkAmeM kaI jagaha milate haiM / kundakundakA hI dUsarA nAma padmanandi hai aura isalie parikarma-TIkAke kartA hI samayasAra Adi granthoMke kartA hoMge, aisA samajhA jAtA hai| yadi yaha ThIka hai to phira kundakunda yativRSabhake hI samayake za0 saM0 400 ke lagabhagake ho jAte haiN| aura isakI puSTi kundakundake niyamasArakI satrahavIM gAthAse bhI hotI hai jisameM loka-vibhAgakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai caudahabhedA bhaNidA tericchA suragaNA cubbhedaa| edesiM vitthAraM loyavibhAgesu NAdavvaM // isapara padmaprabha maladhAridevakI TIkA hai, " eteSAM caturgatijIvabhedAnAM vistAraH lokavibhAgAbhidhAnaparamAgame dRSTavyaH" arthAt ina caturgatijIva-bhedoMkA vistAra 1 zrutAvatArake 160-61 padya dekho| 2 tti pariyamme buttaM-dhavalA a0 141 Na ca pariyammeNa saha viroho-dhavalA a0 203 Adi /

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lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNatti loka - vibhAgaM nAmake paramAgama meM dekhanA cAhie / yadi yaha lokavibhAga paramAgama pUrvokta sarvanandikA hI loka-vibhAga hai, to isase bhI niyamasArake karttA kundakundakA samaya za0 saM0 380 ke bAda siddha hotA hai aura isase indranandike abhiprAyakI puSTi ho jAtI hai ki kundakunda ( padmanandi ) yativRSabha samakAlIna TIkAkarttA haiM / isa samayake mAnanemeM sabase bar3I bAdhA yaha hai ki markarA ( kurga ) ke zilAlekhameM jo za0saM0 388 kA likhA huA hai, candranandi bhaTTAraka ke pUrva ke pA~ca guruoM kA ullekha hai aura unheM koNDakundAnvayakA batalAyA hai / yadi pA~ca guruoM kA samaya sau varSa hI mAna liyA jAya aura pahale guru guNacandrase eka hI pIr3hI pahale kundakundako mAnA jAya, to phira za0 saM0 268 ke lagabhaga ke hI ve Thaharate haiM aura taba unakA yativRSabha ke bAda mAnanA asaMgata ho jAtA hai / para isakA samAdhAna eka tarahase ho sakatA hai aura vaha yaha ki kauNDakundAnvayakA artha hameM kundakundakI vaMza-paramparA na karake koNDakuMdapura nAmaka sthAna se nikalI huI paramparA karanA caahie| jaise ki zrIpura sthAnakI paramparA zrIpurAnvaya, aruMgalakI aruMgalAnvaya, kittUrakI kittUrAnvaya, mathurAkI mAthurAnvaya, Adi / arthAt jisa taraha padmanandi koNDakuMda ke anvayake the usI taraha markarAke dAnapatra meM batalAye hue muni bhI koNDakuMdAnvayavAle ho sakate haiM, bhale hI ve unase pahale hue hoM / cU~ki koNDakuMdapurake anvaya meM padmanandi bahuta prasiddha aura prabhAva 11 1 mUlameM ' lokavibhAgeSu' zabda bahuvacanAnta hai, isalie yaha Apatti kI jAtI hai ki vahA~ lokavibhAga nAmake kisI eka granthakI nahIM kintu lokavibhAgasambandhI aneka granthAko dekhanekI preraNA haiM / parantu eka to TIkAkAra padmaprabha usase loka-vibhAga nAmaka Agama iSTa batalAte haiM, dUsare bahuvacanakA prayoga isa lie bhI iSTa ho sakatA hai ki loka-vibhAgake aneka vibhAgoM yA adhyAyoM meM ukta meda dekhane cAhie | 2 " ... zrImAn koMgaNimahArAjAdhirAja avinItanAmadheyadattasya dezI gaNaM kauNDa kuMdAnvaya-guNacandra bhaTAra ( pra ) ziSyasya abhayanaMdibhaTAra tasya ziSyasya zIlabhadrabhaTAraziSyasya janANaMdibhaTAra ziSyasya guNaNaMdabhaTAraziSyasya candraNandi bhaTArarge aSTaazItitrayozatasya saMvatsarasya mAghamAsaM..." - kurga inskrapzansa ( e0 ka0 I0 ) ---- -

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12 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zAlI AcArya hue, isa lie, unakA eka nAma hI koNDakuMda yA kundakunda ho gayA, jaise tumbalUra grAmake tumbalUrAcArya / para unase bhI pahale kauNDakuMdAnvaya nahIM thA, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ataeva markarAke dAnapatrase padmanandiko yativRSabhake paravartI mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM par3a sktii| parantu isapara DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye apane patra ( 23-6-41 ) meM likhate haiM ki " satkarmaprAbhRta ( SaTkhaMDAgama ) aura kaSAyaprAbhRta ye donoM do svatantra paramparAoMke grantha haiM / pahalIkA sambandha dharasenase aura dUsarIkA guNadharase hai / yativRSabhane jo cUrNi-TIkA likhI vaha kaSAyaprAbhRtapara aura padmanandi yA kunda kundane jo parikarma-TIkA likhI vaha SaTkhaMDAgamake pahale tIna khaMDoMpara / indra nandine kahaneke subhItekI dRSTise hI Age pIche una TokAoMkA kathana kiyA hai aura 160 veM padyameM jo yaha kahA hai ki dvividha siddhAnta gurupATose kuNDakuNDapurameM padmanandiko jJAta hue, so isase yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikalatA ki padmanandi yativRSabhake bAda hue / kyoMki donoMne eka hI granthapara TIkAyeM nahIM likhIM, pRthakgranthoMpara likhI haiM / padmanandiko jo donoM siddhAntoMkA jJAna huA, so usameM yativRSabhakI cUrNikA bhI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai, aisA koI ullekha nahIM hai|" paNDita jugalakizorajI mukhtArakI bhI lagabhaga yahI rAya hai / isapara merA vaktavya yaha hai ki padmanandiko donoM siddhAntoMkA jo jJAna huA usameM yativRSabhakI cUrNikA antarbhAva bhale hI na ho, parantu isa bAtakA spaSTa ullekha hai ki guNadhara AcAryakA dUsarA kaSAyaprAbhUta siddhAnta unheM guruparipATIse prApta huA, aura usa kaSAyaprAbhRtake kartA guNadhara AcAryake aura yativRSabhake samayameM adhikase adhika 20-25 varSakA hI antara hogaa| kyoMki indranandike kathanAnusAra guNadhara munine vartamAnake logoMkI zaktikA vicAra karake kaSAyaprAbhRta ( prAyodoSaprAbhRta) 183 mUla sUtra-gAthAoM aura 53 vivaraNa-gAthAoMmeM banAyA aura phira 15 mahA adhikAroM meM vibhAjita karake zrInAgahasti aura AryamA 1 evaM dvividho dravyabhAvapustakagataH samAgacchan / guruparipATyA jJAtaH siddhAntaH koNDakuNDapure // 160

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lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNatti muniyoM ke lie usakA vyAkhyAna kiyA aura phira unake bAda una sUtroMkA adhyayana karake yativRSabhane cUrNi-sUtra race / isase yaha spaSTa samajhameM AtA hai ki nAgahasti aura AryamaMkSu guNadharake sAkSAt ziSya the, aura yativRSabhane unhIMke nikaTa adhyayana kiyA thaa| ataeva jisa dvitIyaM kaSAyaprAbhUta siddhAntako padmanandine prApta kiyA usake kartA guNadhara yativRSabhake samakAlIna athavA 2025 varSa hI pahale hue the aura aisI dazAmeM padmanandi yativRSabhake samasAmayika balki kucha pIcheke hI hoMge / kyoMki unheM donoM siddhAntoMkA jJAna guruparipATIse prApta huA thaa| arthAt eka do guru unase pahaleke aura mAnane hoNge| jayadhavalA TIkAke maMgalAcaraNameM likhA hai ki ve AryamaMkSu nAgahastike sahita mujhe vara deM jinhoMne guNadharake mukhase nikalI huI gAthAoMkA sArA artha avadhArita kiyA, aura ve vRttisUtrakarttA yativRSabha bhI mujhe vara deM jo Arya maMkSuke ziSya aura nAgahastike antevAsI the / isase bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki guNadharaAryamaMkSu-nAgahasti-yativRSabhakA sAkSAt guru-ziSya sambandha thA, isalie guNadharakA mUla siddhAnta kaSAyaprAbhUta bhI jo padmanandi muniko prApta huA yativRSabhase 20-25 varSa hI pahalekA samajhanA cAhie / garaja yaha ki indranandike zrutAvatArake anusAra padmanandikA samaya yativRSabhase bahuta pahale nahIM jA sakatA / aba yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki indranandine jo itihAsa diyA hai, vahI galata ho aura yA ye padmanandi kanda1 atha guNadharamuninAthaH sakaSAyaprAbhRtAnvayaM ( khyaM ? ) tat prAyo-doSaprAbhRtakAparasaMjJAM sAmpratikazaktimapekSya / / 152 vyadhikAzItyA yuktaM zataM ca mUlasUtragAthAnAm / vivaraNagAthAnAM ca vyadhikaM paJcAzatamakArSIt / / 153 evaM gAthAsUtrANi paMcadazamahAdhikArANi / praviracya ( bhajya ) vyAcakhyau sa nAgahastyAryamaMkSubhyAm // 154 2-dekho zrutAvatArake 155-56 nambarake padya jo Upara uddhRta ho cuke hai 3-guNahara-vayaNa-viNiggiya-gAhANatthovahArio sbvo| jeNajjamakhuNA so sa-nAgahatthI varaM deU / / 7 jo ajamakhusIso aMtevAsI vi NAgahatthissa / so vittisuttakattA jaivasaho me varaM deU // 8

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa kundake bAdake dUsare hI AcArya hoM aura jisa taraha kundakunda koNDakuNDapurake the, usI taraha padmanandi bhI koNDakuNDapura ke hoM / 14 guru-paramparA bhagavAna vIrake nirvANake bAdakI guruparamparA aura kAla-gaNanA jo tiloyapaSNattimeM dI hai vaha Age uddhRta kI jAtI hai - jAdo siddho vIro taddivase godamo paramaNANI / jAde tassi siddhe sudhammasAmI tado jAdo // 66 taMmi kadakammaNAse jaMbUsAmi ti kevalI jAdo / tattha vi siddhipavaNe kevaliNo Natthi aNuvaddhA || 67 bAso vAsANi godamapahudINa NANavaMtANaM / dhammapayaTTaNakAle parimANaM piMDarUveNa // 68 artha - jisa dina zrIvIra bhagavAnkA mokSa huA, usI dina gautama gaNadharako parama jJAna yA kevala-jJAna huA aura unake siddha hone para sudharmA svAmI' kevalI hue / unake kRta karmoM ke nAza kara cukane para jambU kevalI hue / unake bAda koI kevalI nahIM huA / ina gotama Adi kevaliyoM ke dharma pravartanakA ekatrita samaya 62 varSa hai | kuMDalagirammi carimo kevalaNANIsu siridharo siddho / cAraNarisIsu carimo supAsacaMdAhidhANo ya // 69 paNNasamaNesu carimo vairajaso NAma ohiNANIsa // carimo siriNAmo sudaviNayasusIlAdisaMpaNNo // 70 mauDadharesuM carimo jiNadikkhaM dharadi caMdagutto ya / tatto mauDadharAdo pavvajaM Neva geti // 79 artha --kevala jJAniyoMmeM sabase antima zrIdhare hue jo kuMDalagirise mukta aura cAraNa Rddhike dhAraka RSiyoM meM sabase antima supArzvacandra hue / isI hue 1 sudharmA svAmIkA hI dUsarA nAma lohArya thA / 2 bhagavAn mahAvIrake bAda kevala tIna hI kevalajJAnI hue haiM, jinameM jambUsvAmI aMtima the / aisI dazA meM yaha samajhameM nahIM AtA ki yahA~ zrIdharako kyoM aMtima kevalI batalAyA aura ye kauna the tathA kaba hue haiN| zAyada ye antaHkRta kevalI hoM /

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lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNatti / taraha prajJAzramaNoM meM sabase aMtima vairajasa yA vajraya yoMmeM zrutavinayazIlAdisampanna zrI ( ? ) nAmake muni antima candragupta ( maurya ? ) ne jinadIkSA dhAraNa kii| pravrajyA yA dIkSA nahIM grahaNa kI / / 69-71 // 15 hu aura avadhijJAni mukuTadhara rAjAoMmeM sabase isake bAda kisI rAjAne maMdI ya dimitto vidio avarAjidaM tadaM jAI / govaddhaNo cauttho paMcamao bhadrabAhu tti // 72 // paMca ime purisavarA caudasaputhvI jagammi vikkhAdA | te bArasabhaMgadharA titthe siviDUmANassa // 73 // paMcANa melidANaM kAlapamANaM havedi vAsasadaM / vAriMmi ya paMcamae bharahe sudakevalI Natthi // 74 // artha - nandi, nandimitra, aparAjita, govardhana, aura bhadrabAhu ye pA~ca puruSazreSTha caturdazapUrvadhArI kahalAye / ye dvAdazAMga ke jJAtA the / ina pA~coMkA ekatrita I samaya eka sau varSa hotA hai / inake bAda bharata kSetra meM isa paMcama kAlameM aura koI zrutavalI nahIM huA / / 72-74 // paDhamo visAhaNAmo puTThillo khattio jao jAgo / siddhattho dhidiseNo vijao buddhillagaMgadevA ya // 75 // ekkaraso ya sudhammo dasapuvvadharA ime suvikkhAdA | pAraMpariuvagamado tesIdisadaM ca tANa vAsANi // 76 // 1' prajJAzramaNa ' Rddhiko dhAraNa karanevAle / dhavalATIkA meM paNha - samaNoMko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura prajJAzramaNatva RddhikI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki ' prajJA eva zravaNaM yeSAM te prazAzravaNaH / "" 2 zvetAMbara sampradAya meM ajja vaira yA Arya vajra ke nAmase zAyada inhIMkA ullekha milatA hai / kalpasUtra - sthavirAvalIke anusAra ye Arya siMhagirike ziSya aura gotamagotrIya the / tapAgaccha-paTTAvalI ke anusAra ye dazapUrvavit the vIra ni0 saM0 496 meM inakA janma huA thA, aura 584 meM svargavAsa / ye dakSiNApathako gaye the bhUmikA pR0 36 Adi / / -- - dekho dhavalA dU0 bhA0, 3 kahIM kahIM inakA nAma viSNu bhI milatA hai| pUrA nAma zAyada viSNunandi hogA aura usIkA saMkSepa kahIM viSNu aura kahIM nandi kiyA gayA hai /

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa savvesu vi kAlavasA tesu adIdesu bhrhkhettmmi| viyasaMtabhavvakamalA Na saMti dasapusvidivasayarA // 77 // artha-vizAkha, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAga, siddhArtha, dhRtisena, vijaya, buddhilla, gaMgadeva aura sudharma ye gyAraha AcArya dazapUrvake dhArI vikhyAta hue / ye saba ekake bAda eka 183 varSameM hue / ina sabake kAlavaza honepara bharata kSetrameM bhavyarUpI kamaloMko praphullita karanevAle dazapUrvake dhAraka sUrya phira nahIM hue / / 77 Nakkhatto jayapAlo paMDua-dhuvaseNa-kaMsa-AiriyA / ekkArasaMgadhArI paMca ime vIratitthammi // 78 // doNisayA vIsajudA vAsANaM tANa piMDaparimANaM / tesu atIde Nasthi hu bharahe ekkArasaMgadharA // 79 // artha-nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDu, dhruvasena aura kaMsArya, ye pA~ca AcArya gyAraha aMgoMke dhAraka hue / inake samayakA ekatra parimANa 220 varSa hotA hai / inake bAda gyAraha aMgoMkA dhAraka aura koI nahIM huaa| paDhamo subhadaNAmo jasabhaddo taha ya hodi jasavAhU / turiyo ya loyaNAmo ede AyAraaMgadharA // 80 // sesekkarasaMgANiM codasapuvvANamekadesadharA / ekasayaM aTThArasavAsajudaM tANa parimANaM // 81 // tesu adIdesu tadA AcAradharA Na hoti bharahammi / godamamuNipahudINaM vAsANaM chassadANi tesIdI // 82 // artha--subhadra, yazobhadra, yazobAhu, aura loha ye cAra AcArya AcArAMgake dhAraka hue| zeSa kucha AcArya gyAraha aMga caudaha pUrvake eka aMzake jJAtA the| ye saba 118 varSameM hue| inake bAda bharatakSetrameM koI AcArAMgadhArI nahIM huA / gautamagaNadharake bAda yahA~ taka 683 varSa hue / yathA 1 zrutAvatAra ( indranaMdikRta ) meM cAroM hI AcAryokA sabhaya 118 varSa batalAyA haiM / usameM aMga-pUrvAMzazAniyoMkA samaya zAmila nahIM mAlUma hotA, para yahA~ unakA samaya zAmila batalAyA hai| zrutAvatArameM aMgajJAniyoMke vinayaMdhara, zrIdhara, zivadatta, arhadatta ye cAra nAma bhI batalAye haiM / para inakA samaya judA nahIM diyA hai| isase jAna par3atA hai ki inakA samaya una 118 varSoM meM hI zAmila hai|

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lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNatti 62 varSa meM 3 kevalajJAnI, 5 zrutakevalI, 100 11 183 11 gyAraha aMga aura dazapUrvadhArI, 220," 5 gyAraha aMgake dhArI, 118 4 AcArAMga ke dhArI, "" "" 683 chaH sau tirAsI varSa / bIsa sahassaM ti sadA sattArasavaccharANi sudatitthaM / dhammapayaTTaNahedU vicchissadi kAladoseNa // 83 // tettiyamette kAle jaM missadi cAuraNNasaMghAdo / aviNIdummedhAviya asUyako taha ya pAeNa || 84 // sattabhayaaTThamadehiM saMjuttA sallagAravavareehiM / kalahapio rAgaTTho kuro kohAduo loho // 85 // 17 artha - ( paMcamakAla 21000 varSakA hai / isameM 683 varSa taka zrutajJAna rahA, ataeva zeSake ) 20317 varSa taka dharmapravRttikA hetubhUta zrutatIrtha kAladoSase vicchinna rahegA | itane samaya taka cAturvarNa saMgha meM prAyaH avinIta, durbuddhi, IrSA, sAta bhaya aura ATha madoM tathA zalyAdise yukta kalahapriya, rAgI, krUra, krodhI aura lobhI muni utpanna hoMge / / 83 - 85 // rAjakAla-gaNanA vIrajiNe siddhigaMde causada- igisaTThi vAsaparimANo / kAlammi adikkate uppaNNo ettha sagarAo // 86 // ahavA vIre siddhe sahassaNavakammi sagasayabbhahiye / paNasIdimmi atIde paNamAse sagaNio jAdo // 87 // ( pAThAntaraM ) coddasa-sahassa-sagasaya teNaudI vAsakAlavicchede / vIresarasiddhI do uppaNo sagaNio ahavA // 88 // ( pAThAntaraM ) NivvANe vIrajiNe chavvAsasadesu paMcavarisesu / paNamAsu gadesuM saMjAdo sagaNio ahavA // 89 // 2

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa artha - vIra bhagavAna ke mokSake bAda jaba 461 varSa bIta gaye, taba yahA~para zaka nAmakA rAjA utpanna huA / athavA bhagavAnake mukta honeke bAda 9785 varSa 5 mahIne bItanepara zaka rAjA huA / ( yaha pAThAntara hai / ) athavA vIrezvara ke siddha honeke 14793 varSa bAda zaka rAjA huA / ( yaha pAThAntara hai | ) athavA vIra bhagavAna ke nirvANake 605 varSa aura 5 mahIne bAda zaka rAjA huA / / 86-89 // 18 NivvANagade vIre causada - igisaTThi vAsavicchede / jAdo ya sagaNariMdo rajjaM vassassa dusaya bAdAlA // 93 // doSNisadA paNavaNNA guttANaM caumuhassa bAdAlaM / vassaM hodi sahassaM keI evaM paruvaMti // 94 // artha -- vIra- nirvANake 461 varSa bItanepara zaka rAjA huA aura isa vaMzake rAjAoMne 242 varSa rAjya kiyA / unake bAda gupta vaMzake rAjAoMkA rAjya 255 varSa taka rahA aura phira caturmukha ( kalki ) ne 42 varSa taka rAjya kiyA / koI koI isa taraha ( 461+242+255+42 = 1000 ) eka hajAra varSa prarUpaNa karate haiM / * jaM kAle vIrajiNo NisseyasasaMpayaM samAvaNNo / takkAle abhisitto pAlayaNAmo avaMtisudo // 95 // pAlakarajaM saTThi igisayapaNavaNNa vijayavaMsabhavA / cAlaM marudayavaMsA tIsaM vaMsA su pustamittaMmi // 96 // 1 ina gAthAoMse mAlUma hogA ki isa samayase lagabhaga 1400 varSa pahale bhI mahAvIra 1 bhagavAnake nirvANa-kAla ke viSaya meM sandeha thaa| eka mata thA ki unakA nirvANa zakake 461 varSa pahale huA hai aura dUsarA thA ki nahIM 605 varSa pahale huA hai (trailokyasAra aura harivaMzapurANa AdimeM yaha dUsarA hI mata mAnA gayA hai / ) isake sivAya tIsare aura cauthe mata bhI the jo bahuta hI vilakSaNa the / unake kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| unake anusAra zakase hajAra pA~casau nahIM kintu nau hajAra aura caudaha hajAra varSa pahale bhagavAnakA nirvANa huA thA aura bar3e Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki ukta matabheda usa samaya eka mahAn granthameM bhI ullekha yogya samajhe gaye ! viSayameM to koI

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lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNatti vasumittaaggimittA saTThI gaddavvayA vi sayamekaM / NahavAhaNo ya cAlaM tatto bhattha?NA jAdA // 97 // bhatthaTThaNANa kAlo doNNisayAI havaMti bAdAlA / tatto guttA tANaM raje doNiyasayANi igitIsA // 98 // tatto kakkI jAdo iMdasudo tassa caumuho nnaamo| sattarivarisA AU viguNiya-igivIsa rajattoM // 99 // artha--jisa samaya vIra bhagavAnakA mokSa huA, ThIka usI samaya avanti (caNDapradyota ) kA putra pAlaka nAmaka rAjA abhiSikta huaa| usane yA usake vaMzane 60 varSa taka rAjya kiyaa| usake bAda 155 varSa taka vijayavaMzake 1 punnATasaMghake AcArya jinasenane apane harivaMzapurANameM ukta rAjavaMzAvalIkA eka tarahase anuvAda kiyA hai jo yahA~ diyA jAtA hai vIranirvANakAle ca pAlako abhiSicyate / loke'vantisuto rAjA prajAnAM pratipAlakaH // 488 SaSTivarSANi tadrAjyaM tato vijayabhUbhujAm / zataM ca paMcapaMcAzadvarSANi tadudIritam // 489 catvAriMzanmuruNDAnAM bhUmaNDalamakhaNDitam triMzattu puSyamitrANAM SaSTirvasvamimitrayoH / / 490 zataM rAsabharAjAnAM naravAhanamapyataH / / catvAriMzattato dvAbhyAM catvAriMzacchatadvayam / / 491 bhaTTavANasya tadrAjyaM guptAnAM ca zatadvayam ekatriMzacca varSANi kAlavidbhirudAhRtam / / 492 dvicatvAriMzadevAtaH kalkirAjasya raajtaa| tato'jitaMjayo rAjA syAdindrapurasaMsthitaH // 493 -parva 60 2 sirijiNaNivvANagamaNarayaNIe ujeNIe caMDapajoamaraNe pAlao rAjA ahisitto / teNa ya aputtaudAimaraNe koNiarajaM pADAlapuraM pi ahihi / -siri dusamAkAlasamaNasaMgha-thayaM avacUri ( paTTAvalIsamuccaya, pR0 17 ) 3 tapAgacchapaTTAvalI aura merutuMgakI vicAra-zreNImeM pAlakake bAda 155 varSakA rAjya. kAla nanda-rAjAoMkA batalAyA hai - ' saTTho pAlayaraNNo paNavaNNasayaM tu hoi NaMdANaM' jAna paDatA haiM, isI nandavaMzako yahA~ vijayavaMza kahA gayA hai|

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20 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa rAjAoMne, 40 varSa taka murudaya ( maurya ?) vaMzane aura 30 varSa taka puSyamitrane rAjya kiyaa| phira 60 varSataka vasumitra amimitrane, 100 varSataka gardabhilla rAjA oMne aura 40 varSa taka naravAhana rAjAne rAjya kiyaa| isake bAda bhratyAndhe rAjA hue jinakA rAjya 242 varSataka rahA / inake bAda guptoMkA rAjya 231 varSa taka rahA aura taba kalki utpanna huaa| vaha indrakA putra thA aura caturmukha usakA nAma thA / vaha 70 varSa taka jiyA aura 42 varSa taka usane rAjya kiyaa| isa taraha bhI saba milAkara (60+155+40+30+60+100+40+242+231+ 42=1000 ) eka hajAra varSa hote haiM / AcAraMgadharAdo paNahattarijuttadusayavAsesu / volINesuM baddho paTTo kakkIsaNaravaiNo // 100 artha-AcArAMgadhAriyoM ke bAda 275 varSa bItanepara kalki rAjA paTTapara baiThA / arthAt AcArAMgadhAriyoMke kAla 683 meM 275 jor3anese 958 hue aura usameM kalki rAjyake 42 varSa milAnese pUre eka hajAra ho jAte haiN| aha sAhiyUNa kakI Niyajogge jaNapade payatteNa / sukaM jAcadi luddho pikaM jAva tAva smnnaao|| 101 // 1 merutuMgakI vicArazreNImeM vasumitra agnimitrake badale balamitra aura bhAnumitra nAma diye haiM aura gaddhavvayAke badale gardamilla balamittabhANumittA saTThIvarisANa cattaNahavANe / taha gaddabhillarajaM terasa varisa sagassa cauvarisA / / 3 2 harivaMzapurANake karttAne 'gardabhilla' ko gardabha mAnakara usake paryAyavAcI zabda 'rAsabha' kA prayoga kiyA hai / vAstavameM gardabhilla eka rAjavaMza thA jisakI sva0 ma0 ma0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAlane khAravelake rAjavaMzase ekatA siddha kI hai| dekho sitambara 1930 kA bihAra ur3IsA risarca sosAiTIkA jarnala / 3 ' nahapAna ' ko hI yahA~ naravAhana likhA hai / mUlameM zAyada 'NahavANa ' ho / 4 harivaMzapurANameM 'bhatthaTThANaM' kI jagaha 'bhaTTavANasya' likhA hai jo ThIka nahIM / matalaba AndhrabhRtyoMse jAna par3atA hai| ' bhaccaMdhANaM ' pATha mAnanese usakI chAyA ' bhRtyAndhrANAM' ho sakatI hai|

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lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNatti dAUNaM piMDaggaM samaNA kAloya aMtarANaM pi / gacchaMti ohiNANaM uppajai tesu ekaM pi // 102 // aha kovi asuradevA ohIdo muNigaNANa uvasaggaM / NAdaNaM takakkI mAredi hu dhammadohi tti // 103 // kakkisuto ajidaMjayaNAmo rakkhaMti Namadi taJcaraNe / taM rakkhadi asuradeo dhamme rajaM karejaM ti // 104 // tatto dove vAso sammaM dhammo payadi jaNANaM / kamaso divase divase kAlamahappeNa hAede // 105 // evaM vassasahasse puha kakkI havei ekkeko| paMcasayavaccharesuM ekkeko tahaya uvakakkI / / 106 // artha- jaba kalkine apane yogya dezoMko yatnapUrvaka jIta liyA, taba vaha atizaya lubdha banakara jisa tisa zramaNa ( jainamuni ) se zulka yA kara mA~gane lgaa| isapara zramaNa apanA pahalA grAsa dekara bhojanameM antarAya ho jAnese jAne lge| una muniyoM se kisI ekako avadhijJAna ho gyaa| phira koI asura avadhijJAnase yaha jAnakara ki muniyoMko upasarga ho rahA hai, AyA aura usane dharmadrohI kalkiko mAra DAlA / kalkikA ajitaMjaya nAmakA putra thA / usako asurane bacA diyA aura usase dharma-rAjya kraayaa| isake bAda do varSa taka logoMmeM dharmakI pravRtti acchI taraha hotI rahI parantu phira dinoM dina kAlake mAhAtmyase usakI hInatA hone lgii| Age isI taraha pratyeka eka eka hajAra varSameM eka eka kalki aura pratyeka pA~ca pA~ca sau varSameM eka eka upakalki hogA // 101-106 // kalki eka aitihAsika rAjA huA hai / isake viSayameM svargIya mahAmahopA. dhyAya kAzIprasAda jAyasavAlane hindU purANoM aura jainagranthoMke AdhArase eka vistRta lekha likhA thA aura usameM batalAyA thA ki mAlavAdhipati viSNu yazodharmA hI kalki hai jisakA vijayastaMbha mandasaura ( gvAliyara ) meM khar3A hai aura jisane mihirakulako kAzmIrameM parAjita kiyA thaa| mandasorakA vijayastaMbha 1 dekho jainahitaiSI bhAga 13 aMka 12 meM * kalki avatArakI aitihAsikatA' zIrSaka lekh|

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22 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa IsvI san 555-34 meM sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| jainagranthoMke samayake sAtha bhI yaha samaya mila jAtA hai| _sva0 DA0 kAzInAtha bApUjI pAThakane bhI apane eka lekhameM' kalkiko aitihAsika rAjA batalAyA thA, parantu ve viSNuyazodharmAko nahIM kintu mihirakulako kalki mAnate the, jisane 40 varSa rAjya kiyA aura jo 70 varSakI avasthAmeM marA / isa rAjAkA varNana cInI yAtrI huentsAMgane vistArase likhA hai / rAjataraMgiNImeM bhI isa duSTa rAjAkA vRttAnta diyA hai| __ kalki viSNuyazodharmI thA yA mihirakula, isameM mata-bheda hai parantu kalki aitihAsika puruSa hai, yaha prAyaH nizcita hai / 1 dekho jainahitaiSI bhAga 13 aMka 12 meM ' gupta rAjAoMkA kAla, mihirakula aura kalki / /

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ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM mUla granthakA paricaya nAma - yaha eka bahuta hI prasiddha aura prAcIna grantha hai| isakI bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta hai| isameM saba milAkara 2170 gAthAe~ haiN| inameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyaktaparUpa cAra ArAdhanAoMkA vivecana hai, isI kAraNa isakA nAma ' ArAdhanA' hai / yadyapi yaha 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' ke nAmase adhika prasiddha hai; parantu vAstavameM ' bhagavatI' nAmakA aMza nahIM, usakA eka vizeSaNa hai / yadi nAma hotA, to ' bhagavatyArAdhanA' hotaa| svayaM granthakarttAne bhI maMgalAcaraNameM 'ArAdhanA' nAma prakaTa kiyA hai, 'vaMdittA arihaMte vucchaM ArAhaNA kmso|' arthAt arahaMtoMkI vandanA karake maiM 'ArAdhanA' kahatA huuN| isake sivAya granthAntameM bhI kahA hai 'ArAhaNA sivaJjaNa pANidalabhoiNA raidA' arthAt pANitalabhojI zivAryane 'ArAdhanA' kI racanA kI / isa granthake prAcIna TIkAkAra aparAjitasUrine bhI 'aparAjitasUriNA...racitA ArAdhanA-TIkA vijayodayA nAmnA samAptA' likhakara isakA nAma 'ArAdhanA' hI prakaTa kiyA hai / paNDita AzAdharajIne apanI TIkAkA nAma ' mUlArAdhanA-darpaNa' likhA hai / isase bhI mUla granthakA nAma 'ArAdhanA' hI prakaTa hotA hai / isI taraha tIsarI TIkAkA nAma bhI ' ArAdhanA-paMjikA' hai / / mUla granthakarttAne eka jagaha 2164 nambarakI gAthA ' ArAdhanA' ke lie svayaM ' bhagavatI' vizeSaNa diyA hai; parantu vaha vizeSaNa hI hai, nAma nahIM aura ArAdhanAke bAda diyA hai / jAna par3atA hai, Age calakara pUjyatAvaza yahI vizeSaNa nAmameM zAmila ho gayA hai / zrIamitagatisUrine isa granthake saMskRta anuvAdarUpa apane granthako bhI ArAdhanA hI kahA hai, 'ArAdhanaiSA yadakAri pUrNA' / hA~, vizeSaNa rUpameM avazya hI

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24 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa usake sAtha 'bhagavatI' pada lagAyA hai, 'ArAdhanA bhagavatI kathitA svshktyaa|' yaha prayoga bhI mUlakI 2164 nambarakI gAthAke samAna hai / viSaya-yaha pradhAnataH muni-dharmakA grantha hai / muni-dharmakI antima saphalatA zAntipUrvaka samAdhimaraNa hai aura isa samAdhimaraNakA-paNDitapaNDitamaraNa, paNDitamaraNa AdikA-isameM vizada aura vistRta vivecana hai / mUla kartAkA paricaya granthakarttAne granthAntameM apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai ajajiNaNaMdigaNi-savvaguttagaNi-ajamittaNaMdINaM / avagamiya pAdamUle samma suttaM ca atthaM ca // 2161 // puvAyariyaNivaddhA uvajIvittA imA sasattIe / ArAhaNA sivajeNa pANidalabhoiNA raidA // 62 // chadumatthadAi ettha du jaM vaddhaM hoja pavayaNaviruddhaM / sodhaMtu sugIdatthA pavayaNavacchalladAe du // 63 / / ArAhaNA bhagavadI evaM bhattIe vaNNidA saMtI / saMghassa sivajassa ya samAdhivaramuttamaM deu / / 64 // asur-sur-mnnua-kinnnnr-rvi-ssi-kiNpuris-mhiyvrcrnno| disau mama bohilAhaM jiNavaravIro tihuvaNiMdo // 65 // khama-dama-Niyama-dharANaM dhudarayasuhadukkhavippajuttANaM / NANujodiyasallehaNammi suNamo jinavarANaM / / 66 // arthAt--Arya jinanaMdi gaNi, Arya sarvagupta gaNi aura Arya mitranandike caraNoMke nikaTa mUla sUtroM aura unake artha yA abhiprAyako acchI taraha samajha karake, pUrvAcAryodvArA nibaddha kI huI racanAke AdhArase pANitalabhojI ( karatalapara lekara bhojana karanevAle ) zivAryane yaha 'ArAdhanA' apanI zaktike anusAra racI hai / apanI chadmasthatA yA jJAnakI apUrNatAke kAraNa isameM jo kucha pravacanaviruddha likhA gayA ho, use sugItArtha arthAt padArthako bhale prakAra samajhanevAle pravacanavAtsalya-bhAvase zuddha kara leN| isa prakAra bhaktipUrvaka varNana kI huI bhagavatI ArAdhanA saMghako aura zivAryako ( mujhe ) uttama samAdhi de / asura-sura-manuSya1 paM0 AzAdharajIne apanI TIkAmeM 'pubvAyariyakayANi ya ' pATha mAnA hai /

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ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM kinnara-ravi-zazi-kiMpuruSoMke dvArA pUjya aura tIna bhuvanake indra bhagavAn mahAvIra mujhe bodhi deM / kSama ( kSamA ), dama ( iMdriyadamana ) aura niyamoMke dhAraka, karmarahita, sukhaduHkhaviprayukta aura jJAnake dvArA sallekhanAko udyotita karanevAle jinavaroM ( tIrthaMkaroM) ko namaskAra ho / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki granthakartAkA pUrA nAma zivArya thaa| apane tInoM guruoMke nAmake sAtha unhoMne 'Arya' vizeSaNa diyA hai / isase jAna par3atA hai ki unake sAtha jo 'Arya' zabda hai, vaha bhI vizeSaNa hI hai aura isalie unakA nAma zivanandi, zivagupta, zivakoTi yA aisA hI kucha hogA, jo saMkSepameM 'ziva' kahA jA sakatA hai| Adi purANake kartA bhagavajinasenane apane granthake prAraMbhameM unakA zivakoTi munIzvara kahakara ullekha kiyA hai zItIbhUtaM jagadyasya vAcA''rAdhya catuSTayaM / mokSamArga sa pAyAnnaH zivakoTimunIzvaraH // 49 // arthAt ve zivakoTi munIzvara hamArI rakSA kareM, jinakI vANIdvArA (nirmita) catuSTayarUpa ( darzana-jJAna-caritra-taparUpa ) mokSamArgakA ArAdhana karake yaha jagat zItIbhUta yA zAnta ho rahA hai / __ avazya hI isa zlokameM 'ArAdhanA kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai, parantu jisa DhaMgase yaha kahA gayA hai usase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki jinasenasvAmIkA Azaya zAyada isI 'ArAdhanA' granthase hai, kyoM ki isameM darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura taparUpa cAra prakArakI ArAdhanAoMkA hI vistRta vyAkhyAna hai aura isameM bhI sandeha nahIM hai ki vaha saMsArako zItIbhUta karanevAlA hai| isase saMbhava hai ki unakA pUrA nAma 'Arya zivakoTi' ho / samantabhadrakA ziSyatva-zrI prabhAcandrake ArAdhanA kathAkoza ( gadya) meM aura devacandrake ' rAjAvali kathe' ( kanar3I) meM zivakoTiko svAmI samanta bhadrakA ziSya balalAyA hai| inake anusAra ve kAzI yA kAMcIke zaiva rAjA the aura unake zivaliMga phor3akara usameMse candraprabhakI pratimA prakaTa karaneke camatkArako dekhakara ve jaina ho gaye the| parantu ina kathAoMpara adhika vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| itihAsadRSTi se ye likhI bhI nahIM gaI haiM / jainadharmakA prabhAva prakaTa karanA hI inakA uddezya jAna par3atA hai / yaha kadApi saMbhava nahIM ki

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zivakoTi apane itane bar3e granthameM apane itane bar3e upakArI guru samantabhadrakA ullekha na kareM / kamase kama unakA nAmasmaraNa to avazya karate / parantu ve apane guruoMke nAma judA hI batalAte haiM / hariSeNakRta kathAkoza upalabdha kathAkozoM meM sabase purAnA za0 saM0 853 ( vi0 saM0 988 ) kA banA huA hai / isa granthameM jaba ki prabhAcandra ke gadyakathAkozakI anya prAyaH sabhI kathAyeM dI huI haiM, taba ukta zivakoTi aura samantabhadravAlI kathA nahIM hai, isase mAlUma hotA hai ki samantabhadra ke ziSyatvakI ukta kalpanA usake bAda kI hai / 26 zivakoTikA sabase purAnA ullekha AdipurANa meM milatA hai / jinasenasvAmIko zAyada isa bAta kA patA thA ki ve kisake ziSya haiM / yadi ve unheM samantabhadrakA ziSya samajhate hote to samantabhadra ke bAda hI unakI stuti karate / so na karake unhoMne bIca meM zrIdatta, yazobhadra aura prabhAcandakI prazasti likhakara phira zivakoTikA smaraNa kiyA hai / kavi hastimalla ( vi0 kI caudahavIM zatAbdi ) ne 'vikrAntakaurava ' meM samantabhadrake zivakoTi aura zivAyana do ziSya batalAye haiM aura unhIM ke anvayameM vIrasena jinasenako batalAyA hai, parantu isa bAtakA koI puSTa pramANa nahIM hai ki samantabhadrakI ziSyaparamparAmeM vIrasena jinasena hue haiM / zivakoTi to khaira ThIka parantu ye 'zivAyana' aura kauna haiM ? kahIM 'sivajjeNa' (zivAryeNa) pada hI to kisI galataphahamIse zivAyana nahIM bana gayA hai ? anyatra kahIM bhI zivAyanakA koI ullekha aba taka nahIM milA / isa taraha zivakoTi samantabhadrake ziSya nahIM mAne jA sakate / 6 ArAdhanA anya do racanAyeM' ke atirikta zivakoTi AcAryakI do racanAyeM aura batalAI jAtI haiM, jinameM se eka ' ratnamAlA ' hai / -- 1 paM0 paramAnanda zAstrIne apane eka lekha ( anekAnta varSa 2, kiraNa 6 ) meM batalAyA hai ki zivAryane gAthA 2079 - 83 meM svAmI samantabhadrakI taraha guNavratoM meM bhogopabhoga parimANako na ginakara dezAvakAAzikako grahaNa kiyA hai aura zikSAvratoMmeM dezAvakAzikako na lekara bhogopabhogaparimANakA vidhAna kiyA hai| yadi ve samantabhadrake ziSya hote to isa viSayameM unakA anusaraNa avazya karate / 2 mANikacandra-granthamAlAke 21 veM grantha ' siddhAntasArAdisaMgraha ' meM prakAzita /

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ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM isa saMskRta granthameM kevala 67 anuSTup zloka haiN| isakA antima zloka isa prakAra hai yo nityaM paThati zrImAn ratnamAlAmimAM praa| sa zuddhabhAvato nUnaM zivakoTitvAmApnuyAt // 67 // hamArI samajhameM yaha grantha ArAdhanAke kartAkA kadApi nahIM hai / yA to kisIne jAna bUjhakara apanI bAtoMko adhika prAmANika batalAnekI nIyatase ise zivakoTike nAmase prasiddha kiyA hai aura yA ve koI dUsare hI zivakoTi hoNge| eka to ratnamAlAkI racanA bahuta hI sAdhAraNa hai, usameM koI praur3hatA nahIM hai, dUsare unake bAdake kisI bhI granthakartIne isa granthakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, kisIne isakA koI padya pramANa rUpameM bhI peza nahIM kiyA hai, tIsare isameM likhI huI kucha bAteM burI taraha khaTakanevAlI haiM / isa granthakA nIce likhA huA zloka dekhie kalau kAle vane vAso vaya'te munisttmaiH|| sthIyeta ca jinAgAre grAmAdiSu vizeSataH // 22 // arthAt isa kalikAlameM muniyoMko vanameM na rahanA cAhie / zreSTha muniyoMne isako varjita kiyA hai / isa samaya unheM jaina-mandiroMmeM vizeSa karake grAmAdikoMmeM rahanA caahie| ___ isase sApha prakaTa hotA hai ki yaha usa samayakI racanA hai jaba digambara sampradAyameM 'caitya vAsa' acchI taraha cala rahA thA, aura usake anuyAyI itane prabala ho gaye the ki unhoMne vanoMmeM rahanA varjita taka batalA diyA thA / mandiroM yA grAmoMmeM rahaneko kisI taraha jAyaja batalAnA eka bAta hai aura unhIMmeM rahanA cAhie, vanameM nahIM, yaha dUsarI bAta hai| yaha to bhagavatI ArAdhanAse bhI viruddha hai| ratnamAlAkA 65 vA~ zloka isa prakAra hai sarvamevavidhijainaH pramANaM laukikaH satAM / yatra na vratahAniH syAtsamyaktvasya ca khaMDanaM // 65 // yaha zrIsomadevasUrikRta yazastilaka campUke upAsakAdhyayanake nIce likhe zlokako bigAr3akara banAyA gayA hai sarvameva hi jainAnAM pramANaM laukiko vidhiH / yatra samyaktvahAnirna yatra na vratadUSaNam //

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa yazastilakakI racanAkA samaya zaka saMvat ( 881 vi0 saM0 1016) hai, ataeva ratnamAlA usase pIcheke kisI samayakI racanA hai'| zravaNabelagolake 105 ve zilAlekhameM jo vi0 saM0 1455 kA hai, zivakoTiko tattvArthasUtrakA TIkAkAra batalAyA hai, 'saMsAravArAkarapotametattattvArthasUtraM tadalaMcakAra / ' arthAt jinhoMne saMsAra samudrako pAra karaneke lie pota ( jahAja ) ke samAna yaha tattvArthasUtra alaMkRta kiyaa| isameM jo 'etat' ( yaha ) zabda par3A huA hai, usase paMDita jugalakizorajI mukhtArane yaha anumAna kiyA hai ki uddharaNakA ukta padya tattvArthasUtrakI usI zivakoTikRta TIkAkI prazastikA eka zloka hai, jo zilAlekhameM eka vicitra DhaMgase zAmila kara liyA gayA hai / anyathA zilAlekhake padyoMke anukramameM isa 'etat ' zabdakI aura kisI taraha saMgati nahIM biThAI jA sktii| yadyapi abhI taka ukta tattvArthaTIkA upalabdha nahIM huI hai; parantu, jahA~ taka hamArA khayAla jAtA hai, usakA astitva jarUra hai aura vaha zivakoTikI hI banAI huI hogii| parantu ve ArAdhanAke kartA zivArya yA zivakoTise bhinna koI dUsare hI zivakoTi hoMge aura Azcarya nahIM jo ratnamAlAke kartA zivakoTikI hI vaha racanA ho / yaha bhI asaMbhava nahIM hai ki unake gurukA nAma bhI samantabhadra ho / zivakoTike samAna samantabhadra nAmako dhAraNa karanevAle bhI aneka bhaTTAraka ho sakate haiN| eka samantabhadrakA nAma to pAThakoMne bhI sunA hogA, jinhoMne aSTasahasrIpara eka ' viSamapadatAtparyaTIkA ' likhI hai aura jinakA samaya paM0 jugalakizorajI .vikramakI terahavIM zatAbdike lagabhaga anumAna karate haiM / ye laghu samantabhadra kahalAte the / __ tattvArthasUtrakI yadi yaha TIkA itanI prAcIna hotI jitanI ki ArAdhanA hai, to usakA ullekha dUsare TIkAkAroMne avazya kiyA hotA aura vaha sarvArthasiddhiTIkAse bhI prAcIna hotI / parantu abhItaka kisI bhI prAcIna granthameM usakA kisI bhI rUpameM koI ullekha nahIM milA hai| ina saba bAtoMse hama isa nizcayapara pahu~cate haiM ki ArAdhanAke kartA na 1 siddhAntasArAdisaMgrahakI merI likhI huI bhUmikAmeM isa viSayapara kucha vistArase likhA gayA hai| 2 dekho ' svAmi samantabhadra ' ke pRSTha 229 kI TippaNI /

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ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM 22 to samantabhadrake ziSya the, na jinadIkSA leneke pahale ve zaiva rAjA the aura na unakA banAyA huA ArAdhanAke atirikta koI dUsarA grantha hI upalabdha hai| ratnamAlA aura tattvArthaTIkAke kartA koI dUsare zivakoTi the / guru-paramparA aura sampradAya digambara sampradAyakI paTTAvaliyoM, zilAlipiyoM aura zrutAvatAra, harivaMzapurANa Adi granthoM meM jo guruparamparAyeM milatI haiM unameMse kisI paramparAmeM jinanandi, sarvagupta aura mitranandike nAma nahIM milate / parantu inameMse sarvaguptakA ullekha. yApanIya saMghake AcArya zAkaTAyanane apane vyAkaraNameM kiyA hai-' upasarvaguptaM vyAkhyAtAraH' (1-3-104 ) arthAt sAre vyAkhyAtA sarvaguptase nIce haiMunake jaisA koI dUsarA vyAkhyAtA nhiiN| zAyada inhIM sarvaguptake caraNoM ke nikaTa baiThakara zivAryane sUtra aura unakA artha acchI taraha Ayatta karake ArAdhanAkI racanA kI thii| zAkaTAyanake ukta ullekhase hamArA anumAna hai ki zivArya yA zivakoTi yApanIya saMghake hI AcArya haiM aura isIlie digambara guruparamparAmeM unake guruoMkA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| isa anumAnakI puSTi aura bhI kaI pramANoMse hotI hai jinheM hamane vistArake sAtha anyatra likhA hai| yahA~ saMkSepameM unameMse thor3I sI bAteM dI jAtI haiM 1 bhagavatI ArAdhanAkI upalabdha TIkAoMmeM sabase purAnI TIkA aparAjitasUrikI hai aura jaisA ki Age batalAyA jAyagA ve nizcayase yApanIya saMghake haiM / aisI dazAmeM mUla granthakartA zivAryake bhI yApanIya hone kI adhika saMbhAvanA hai| 2 yApanIya saMgha zvetAmbaroMke samAna sUtra-granthoMko (zvetAmbara AgamoMko) mAnatA hai aura ArAdhanAmeM saikar3oM gAthAyeM aisI haiM jo sUtra-granthoM meM milatI haiM / ___3 dasa sthitikalpoMke nAmoMvAlI gAthA jItakalpabhASya aura aneka zvetAmbara TIkAoM tathA niyuktiyoMmeM milatI hai| AcArya prabhAcandrane apane prameyakamalamArtaNDameM bhI. ise zvetAmbara gAthA mAnI hai| 4 ArAdhanAkI 665-666 naM0 kI gAthAyeM digambaroMke muniyoM ke AcArase mela nahIM khaatiiN| unameM bImAra munike lie cAra muniyoM ke dvArA 1 dekhI ' yApanIya sAhityakI khoja ' zIrSaka lekha aura anantakItimAlAmeM prakAzita bhagavatI ArAdhanAkI bhUmikA /

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa bhojana-pAna lAnekA nirdeza hai / isapara sva0 paM0 sadAsukhajIne apanI vacanikAmeM aura dIvAna amaracandajIne apane kavivara vRndAvanajIko likhe hue patra meM Apatti kI hai'| 30 5 ArAdhanAkI 428 vIM gAthA AcArAMga aura jItakalpa granthoM kA ullekha karatI hai jo zvetAmbara sampradAya ke prasiddha grantha haiM / 6 zivArya ne apaneko ' pANitalabhojI' arthAt hatheliyoMpara bhojana karanevAlA likhA hai / yApanIya saMgha ke sAdhu zvetAmbara sAdhuoMke samAna pAtra - bhojI nahIM for digambaroM ke samAna kara - pAtrabhojI the / zivAya jaba yApanIya saMgha ke the, taba bhagavajinasenane unakA smaraNa kyoM kiyA ? isa viSaya meM hamArA khayAla hai ki usa samaya ke vidvAnoM meM itanI udAratA thI aura ve isameM koI doSa nahIM samajhate the / unhoMne isI dRSTise siddhasenAcAryakI bhI prazaMsA kI hai / mUla karttAkA samaya bhagavajinasenane zivAryakI stuti kI hai aura zAkaTAyanane unake guru sarvaguptako bar3A bhArI vyAkhyAtA batalAyA hai, isase ve ina donoM granthakarttAoMse to nizcayapUrvaka pahale ke haiM / kitane pahaleke haiM, yaha to nahIM batalAyA jA sakatA / parantu aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki bahuta pahale ke haiM / ArAdhanA ke cAlIsaveM 'vijahanA' nAmaka adhikArameM jo ArAdhaka munike mRtakasaMskArakA varNana hai, usase isakI prAcInatA para prakAza par3atA hai / usake anusAra usa samaya munike mRtaka zarIrako vanameM kisI acchI jagahapara yoM hI chor3a diyA jAtA thA aura use pazu-pakSI samApta kara dete the / isa granthapara jaisA ki Age batalAyA gayA hai kaI prAkRta kAyeM thIM aura prAkRta TIkAoM ke likhe jAnekA samaya chaThI sAtavIM zatAbdi ke bAda nahIM mAlUma hotA / phira to saMskRtaTIkAoMkA kAla A jAtA hai / isa prAcIna granthapara aneka TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiM, jinameMse nIce likhI upalabdha haiM 1 dekho ' vRndAvanavilAsa ' meM merI likhI huI bhUmikA / 2 bhagavatI ArAdhanAkI bhUmikA meM isa vidhiko kucha vistAra ke sAtha likhA gayA hai / pAThaka vahA~se dekha leM 1

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ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM 31 kAoMkA paricaya 1 vijayodayA - yaha TIkA chapa cukI hai| isake karttA aparAjitasUri haiM jo candranandi mahAkarmaprakRtyAcArya ke praziSya aura baladavesUrike ziSya the, ArAtIya AcArya ke cUr3AmaNi the, jinazAsanakA uddhAra karane meM dhIra vIra tathA yazasvI the aura nAganandi gaNike caraNoM kI sevAse unheM jJAna prApta huA thA / zrInandigaNikI preraNA se unhoMne yaha vijayodayA TIkA likhI thI / " candranandimahAkarmaprakRtyAcAryaziSyeNa ArAtIyasUricUlAmaNinA nAganandigaNipAdapadmopasevAjAtamatilavena valadevasUriziSyeNa jinazAsanoddharaNadhIreNa labdhayazaHprasareNAparAjitasUriNA zrInandigaNinA vacoditena racitA ArAdhanATIkA zrI vijayodayA nAmnA samAptA / "" paM0 AzAdharajIne apane mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa meM aneka sthaloMpara aparAjita sUrikA ' zrIvijayAcArya' nAmase ullekha kiyA hai aura anagAradharmAmRtaTIkA ( pR0 673 ) meM bhI eka jagaha likhA hai, ' etacca zrIvijayAcAryaviracitasaMskRtamUlArAdhanaTIkAyAM susthitasUtre vistarataH samarthitaM dRSTavyam / isase jAna par3atA hai ki aparAjitasUri ' zrIvijayAcArya ' bhI kahalAte the / vijayodayA nAma bhI isI lie rakkhA gayA hai / "> aparAjitasUri bhI yApanIyasaMgha ke the / isa viSaya meM aba koI sandeha nahIM raha gayA hai / kyoMki unhoMne ' dazavaikAlika ' sUtra para bhI vijayodayA nAmakI TIkA likhI thI jisakA ullekha 1197 vIM gAthAkI TIkAmeM ve svayaM isa prakAra karate haiM, " dazavaikAlikaTIkAyAM zrIvijayodayAyAM prapaMcitA udgamAdidoSA iti neha pratanyate / " arthAt udgamAdi doSoM kA varNana dazavaikAlikakI vijayodayA kAmeM kiyA hai, isalie aba use nahIM kiyA jAtA / yaha batalAne kI jarUrata nahIM ki ' dazavaikAlika ' prasiddha zvetAmbara sUtragraMtha hai aura use yApanIya saMgha bhI mAnatA thA / paM0 sadAsukhajIke sAmane vacanikA likhate samaya yahI TIkA maujUda thI / isa lie ve 427 vIM gAthAkI vacanikAmeM likhate haiM, " inikA vizeSa bahu jJAnI hoi so Agamake anusAri jANi vizeSa nizcaya karo / bahuri isa granthakI TIkAkA 1 dekho gAthA naM0 44, 595, 681, 682, 1712, 1999 kI TIkA /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kartA zvetAmbara hai, dUsarI gAthAke arthameM vastra pAtra kambalAdi poSai hai, kahai hai, tAte pramANarUpa nAhIM hai|" cUM ki unheM yApanIya saMghake svarUpakA kucha patA nahIM thA, isalie unhoMne aparAjitasUriko zvetAmbara samajha liyA thaa| vAstavameM ve yApanIya the aura yApanIyasaMghake bahutase siddhAnta zvetAmbarasampradAya jaise haiM / ve AcArAMga, uttarAdhyana Adi AgamoMkA mAnate haiM aura aparAjitasUri jagaha jagaha unake uddharaNa dekara apane viSayakA nirUpaNa karate haiM / unake yApanIya honeke aura bhI aneka pramANa maiMne apane ' yApanIya sAhityakI khoja' zIrSaka lekhameM diye haiM, pAThaka vahA~se dekha sakate haiM / ___ aparAjitasUrikA ThIka samaya to nahIM mAlUma ho sakA, parantu anumAna yaha hai ki ve vikramakI navIM zatAbdike pahale hI hoNge| gaMgavaMzake pRthvIkoGgaNi mahArAjakA eka dAnapatra za0 saM0 698 ( vi0 saM0 833 ) kA milA hai| usameM yApanIyasaMghake candranandi, kIrtinandi aura vimalacandrako ' lokatilaka' jainamandirake lie eka gA~va diye jAnekA ullekha hai| aparAjitasUri zAyada inhIM candranandike praziSya hoMge / ukta dAnapatrameM unake eka ziSya kumAranandikI hI guruparamparA dI hai, dUsare ziSya zAyada baladevasUri hoM aura unake ziSya aparAjita / 2 mUlArAdhanA-darpaNa - isake kartA paM0 AzAdharajI haiM jinake aneka grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiM aura jinake samaya Adike viSayameM kAphI likhA jA cukA haiM / yaha TIkA bhI vijayodayA TIkAke sAtha chapa cukI hai| kAraMjAkI jisa pratike AdhArase yaha chapI hai usameM antakI prazastikA eka pRSTha naSTa ho gayA hai, isalie yaha na mAlUma ho sakA ki yaha TIkA kisa saMvatameM likhI gaI thii| paM0 AzAdharajIse pahale amitagatikI saMskRta ArAdhanA bana cukI thii| 1 iMDiyana eNTikverI jilda 2 pR0 156-59 / 2 candranandiko aparAjitasUrine mahAkarmaprakRtyAcArya likhA hai / zravaNabelgolake 54 veM zilAlekhameM jo za0 saM0 1050 kA hai, aneka AcAryoMke sAtha eka karga-prakRti bhaTTArakako bhI namaskAra kiyA gayA hai / ye bahuta karake candranandi AcArya hoNge| ukta zilAlekhase samayapara koI prakAza nahIM par3atA hai / ___ 3 dekho, ' anekAnta ' varSa 3, aMka 11-12 meM merA likhA ' paM0 pra0 AzAdhara' zIrSaka vistRta lekh|

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ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM mm isake sivAya unake sAmane bhagavatI ArAdhanAkA eka aura bhI koI padyAnuvAda thA jisake sause Upara padya unhoMne apanI TIkAmeM uddhata kiye haiN| jAna par3atA hai isI lie apanI TIkAkA nAma unhoMne mUlArAdhanA-darpaNa rakkhA hai / koI yaha na samajha le ki yaha kisI saMskRta ArAdhanAkI TIkA hai| 3 ArAdhanA-paJjikA-pUneke bhANDArakara-prAcyavidyAsaMzodhaka-mandirameM isakI eka prati hai' / 15-16 varSa pahale maiMne ise dekhA thA aura isake antakI lekhaka-prazastiko nakala kara liyA thA, jo isa prakAra haikundAvadAtayazasA sahavAsivaMzapadmAkaradyumaNinA guNinAM vareNa / zrIdevakIrtivibudhAya budhapriyAya dattaM yazodhavalanAmadhuraMdhareNa // zrIdevakIrtipaNDitacchAtreNa kAhatyAkanAmnA likhitamiti / saMvat 1416 varSe caitrasudipaJcamyAM somavAsare sakalarAjaziromukuTamANikyamarIcipiMjarIkRtacaraNakamalapAdapIThasya zrIperojasAheH sakalasAmrAjyadhurIbibhrANasya samaye zrIdillyAM zrIkundakundacAryAnvaye sarasvatIgacche balAtkAragaNe bhaTTArakathIratnakIrtidevapaTTodayAdritaruNataraNitvamurtIkurvANaM bhaTTArakazrIprabhAcandradeva-tatsiSyANAM brahma nAthUrAma / ityArAdhanApaMjikAyAM ( ? ) grantha AtmapaThanArtha likhApitam / zubhastu mNglmhaashriiH| samastasaMghasya shubhm| __ agrotakAnvaye sAdhu nayapAla tatputra kuladharaH tathA gohilagotra sAdhu khetala sAdhu rAjA. tasya putra vIrapAla likhApitam / isake na to maMgalAcaraNAdi prAraMbhika aMzako maiM noTa kara sakA aura na TIkAkartAke antima ullekhako, jisase yaha batalAyA jA sakatA ki isake kartA kauna haiM / merA anumAna hai ki zAyada yaha paMjikA prameyakamalamArtaNDa Adike kartA AcArya prabhAcandrakI ho| unake granthoM kI sUcImeM eka ArAdhanA-paMjikAkA ullekha hai| pUrvokta prazastise to isa TIkAke likhane likhAnevAloMkA hI patA lagatA haiM / yaha eka vicitra bAta hai ki isameM tIna bArake lipikAroMkA ullekha surakSita hai| isakI eka prati zrIdevakIrti paNDitake vidyArthI kAhatyAkane likhI thI aura sahavAsIvaMzake yazodhavala nAmaka dhuraMdhara yA paNDitane buddhimAnoMke 1 naM0 679 Apha 1895-96,98-99

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pyAre zrIdevakIrti paNDitako bheMTa dI thii| isa pratike likhe jAnekA samaya nahIM diyA hai / isa pratiparase jo dUsarI prati likhI gaI, vaha ratnakIrti bhaTTArakake paTTaziSya zrIprabhAcandradevake ziSya brahmacArI nAthUrAmane saMvat 1416 kI caita sudI 5 somavArako apane par3haneke lie dillImeM likhAI, jisa samaya ki bAdazAha phIroz2azAha tug2alakakA rAjya thaa| isa dUsarI pratiparase tIsarI prati agrotaka yA agravAlavaMzake nayapAla sAhUke putra kuladhara, gohilagotrI sAhU khetala aura sAhU rAjAke putra vIrapAlane likhAI / kisa samayameM likhAI gaI, yaha nahIM likhA hai / yaha paddhati bahuta hI acchI hai| isa prakAra yadi grantha-lekhaka (lipikartA ) apane pahalekI mAtRkA pratiyoMkI lekhaka-prazastiyA~ bhI pUrI likha diyA kareM, to bahuta lAbha ho / parantu tithi aura saMvat bhI likhanA na chor3anA cAhie / __ dUsare lipika ne apanA saMvat 1416 diyA hai aura usane vaha prati apanese pahalekI prati parase kI hai| isase TIkAke nirmANa-kAlake viSayameM itanI bAta nizcayapUrvaka kahI jA sakatI hai ki yaha TIkA caudahavIM zatAbdike bAdakI nahIM hai| 4-bhAvArtha-dIpikA TIkA-yaha TIkA bhI pUneke bhANDArakara-prAcyavidyA-saMzodhaka mandirameM hai' / isakA prAraMbhakA aura antakA aMza isa prakAra hai-- zrImantaM jinadevaM vIraM natvAmarArcitaM bhaktyA / vRttiM bhagavatyArAdhanAsugranthasya kurve'ham // 1 // ghanaghaTitakarmanAzaM guruM ca vaMzAdhipaM ca kundAhra / vaMde zirasA tarasA granthasamAptiM samIpsuraham // 2 // vAgdevIM zrIjainI natvA saMprArthya graMthasaMsiddhiM / saralAM mugdhAM virace vRttiM bhAvArthadIpikAsaMjJAM // 3 // kRteyaM sadvattiH zivajidaruNAkhyena viduSA, guNAnAM sat vyaatiy'phRtsmstaaghnikraa|| pravaktuH zroturyA vitarati divaM muktimaparAM, ciraM jIyAdeSA budhjnmnorNjnkrii|| 1 naM0 1113 Apha 1895-96 /

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ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM - mahAsaMghe gacche girigagabalAtkArapadake, gurau nandyAmnAye'nvayavaragurau kundamunipe / sujAto vai sUrirjayapurapadastho munivaraH // 2 // mahendrastatpaTTe guruguNanidhiH kSemasuvRSA, tadIyaH sacchiSyo vudhavaranihAleti padabhAk / tadIyaH sacchiSyo guNanidhidayAcandravibudhaH, tadIyaH sattejaH dilasukhavudho jJAnanirataH / / 3 // tadIyaH sacchipyaH zivajidaruNo bhaktinirataH, gurUNAmAjJAvAn dhRtajinasudharmo'bhavadiha / tadIyaH satputro maNijidaruNAkhyo laghumatistadarthaM vRttirvA prakaTitapathAkAri rucirA // 4 // same vasvakAryedumiti zubhapakSe zucibhave, trayodazyahotye (?) caramasamaye vAradhiSaNe 'nurAdhAnakSatre zubhasuyazarddhiprajananI, ciraM jIyAdeSA bhuvi jinamatodyotanakarI // ___ iti bhagavatI ArAdhanATIkA smaaptaa| yaha TIkA zivajidaruNa arthAt paM0 zivajIlAlane apane suputra maNijidaruNa ( maNijIlAla yA maNilAla ) ke lie banAI hai / ve jayapurake bhaTTArakakI gaddIke paNDita the| unhoMne apanI guruparamparA isa prakAra dI hai-bhaTTAraka mahendrakIrtike ziSya bhaTTAraka kSemakIrti, unake paM0 nihAlacanda, nihAlacandake ziSya dayAcandra, dayAcandrake dilasukha aura dilasukhake zivajIlAla / prazastike pA~caveM padyameM TIkA nirmANakA samaya diyA huA hai, parantu usakA pahalA caraNa kucha azuddha-sA ho gayA hai, isa kAraNa vaha ThIka nahIM batalAyA jA sakatA / saMvat 1818 kI jeTha sudI 13 guruvArako TIkA samApta huI hai / paM0 zivajIlAla paM0 sadAsukhajIke hI samakAlIna vidvAn the aura eka prakArase unake pratipakSI the| usa samaya terahapantha aura bIsapanthameM bahuta kaTutA bar3hI huI thii| zivajIlAlakA eka terahapantha-khaNDana nAmakA grantha bhI hai / unhoMne ratnakaraNDa, carcAsaMgraha, bodhasAra,

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36 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa darzanasAra,, adhyAtmataraMgiNI Adi aneka granthoMkI bhASAvacanikAyeM likhI haiM / ve kaTTara bIsapanthI the| 5-saMskRta ArAdhanA-mAthurasaMghake AcArya amitagatike banAye hue dharmaparIkSA, upAsakAdhyayana, subhASitaratnasaMdoha, paMcasaMgraha Adi grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiM / ye nemiSeNa AcAryake praziSya aura mAdhavasenake ziSya the| inhoMne apane aneka granthoMmeM racanAkA samaya diyA hai, isa lie unakA samaya nirNIta hai| ve vikramakI gyArahavIM sadIke vidvAn haiN| AcArya zivakoTikI ArAdhanApara unhoMne TIkA to nahIM likhI hai, parantu usakA saMskRta padyoMmeM anuvAda kiyA hai jo vijayodayA aura darpaNake sAtha prakAzita ho cukA hai / paM0 AzAdharajIne apane anagAradharmAmRtakI TIkAmeM isa saMskRta -- ArAdhanA 'ke kucha zloka uddhRta bhI kiye haiN| isakI racanA bhagavatI ArAdhanAkI pratyeka gAthAkA abhiprAya lekara mukhyataH saMskRta anuSTup zlokoMmeM kI gaI hai, bIca bIcameM dUsare chanda bhI haiN| racanA prAyaH anuvAdarUpa hI hai / jisa pratiparase ukta mudraNa huA hai, usameM prAraMbhake 19 zloka nahIM hai, naSTa ho gaye haiN| saMskRta ArAdhanAkA antima aMza isa prakAra hai ArAdhanA bhagavatI kathitA svazaktyA, cintAmaNi vitarituM budhacintanAni / ahnAya janmajaladhi tarituM taraNDaM, bhavyAtmanA guNavatI dadatAM samAdhim // 12 // zrIdevaseno'jani mAthurANAM gaNI yatInAM vihitapramodaH / tattvAvabhAsI vihitapradoSaH saroruhANAmiva tigmarazmiH // dhRtajinasamayo'janimahanIyo guNamaNijaladhestadanu ytiyH| zamayamanilayo'mitagatisUriH pradalitamadano pdntsuuriH|| sarvazAstrajalarAzipArago nemiSeNamuninAyakastataH / so'janiSTa bhuvane tamopahaH zItarazmiriva yo jnpriyH||

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ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM mAdhavaseno'jani muninAtho dhvaMsitamAyAmadanakadarthaH / tasya gariSTho gururiva ziSpastattvavicArapravaNamanISaH // 17 ziSyastasya mahayiso'mitagatirmArgatrayAlambinImenAM kalmaSamoSiNIM bhagavatImArAdhanAM zreyasIm // 18 // ArAdhaneSA yadakAri pUrNA mAsaizcaturbhirna tadasti citraM / mahodyamAnAM jinabhAktikAnAM siddhayanti kRtyAni na kAni sadyaH // 19 // sphuTIkRtA pUrvajinAgamAdiyaM mayA jane yAsyati gauravaM paraM / prakAzitaM kiM na vizuddhabuddhinA mahArghatAM gacchati dugdhato ghRtaM // 20 // anya TIkAyeM aura TippaNa 37 66 vijayodayA TIkA meM pahalI gAthAkI TIkAkA prAraMbha karate hue likhA haisiddhe jayappasiddhe ityAdi / atrAnye kathayanti nivRttaviSaya rAgasya nirAkRtasakalaparigrahasya kSINAyuSassAdhakasyArAdhanA vidhAnAvabodhanArthamidaM zAstraM tasyAvighnaprasiddhayarthamiyaM maMgalasya kArikA gAtheti / asaMyatasamyagdRSTi saMyatAsaMyatAsaMyatasya vA nivRttaviSayarAgatA sakalagranthaparityAgo vAsti / kSINAyuSa iti cAnupapannaM / akSINAyuSopyArAdhakatAM darzayiSyati sUtraM ' aNulomA vA sattU cArittarviNAsayA have jassa ' iti / " arthAt yahA~ ' anya ' kahate haiM ki jisake viSayArAga nivRtta ho gaye haiM, jo sakala parigrahase rahita hai, jisakI Ayu kSINa ho gaI hai, usa sAdhakako ArAdhanAkI vidhi batalAne ke lie yaha zAstra hai aura usakI vighnarahita siddhike lie yaha maMgalakArikA gAthA hai / parantu jaba asaMyatasamyagdRSTi, saMyatAsaMyata aura pramatasaMyata Adi bhI ArAdhaka yA sAdhaka haiM, taba unheM nivRttaviSayarAga aura nirAkRtasakalaparigraha kaise kaha sakate haiM ? kyoM ki asaMyatasamyagdRSTi aura saMyatAsaMyata nivRttaviSayarAgatA aura sakalaparigrahaparityAga nahIM bana sakatA hai / isI taraha kSINAyuSa kahanA bhI nahIM bana sakatA hai, kyoM ki ' anulomA vA sattU Adi sUtra meM akSINAyu bhI ArAdhaka hotA hai, aisA dikhalAyA hai / , isa ullekhase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki vijayodayA TIkAkAra ke sAmane koI TIkA thI, jisameM ' siddhe jayappasiddhe' Adi gAthAkI TIkAmeM sAdhakako nivRtta 1 panekI pratimeM aura bambaIkI pratimeM bhI ' virAdhanA' pATha hai /

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38 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa viSayarAga, nirAkRtasakalaparigraha aura kSINAyuSa vizeSaNa diye haiM; parantu ina vizeSaNoMkA denA ve ThIka nahIM samajhate haiM / isake sivAya unhoMne aura bhI kaI jagaha 'atra parA vyAkhyA' 'atrAnye vyAcakSate' Adi kahakara apanA mata-bheda prakaTa kiyA hai, itanA hI nahIM kintu aneka sthaloMpara to ve una pUrvavartinI TIkAoMkA khaNDana karate hue bhI pAye jAte haiM / isase unake samakSa anya TIkAyeM jarUra thIM, yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai| paM0 hIrAlAlajI zAstrIne jainasiddhAntabhAskara ( bhAga 5, kiraNa 3) meM anya TIkAoMke sambandhameM kucha aura bhI prakAza DAlA hai aura vaha yaha ki 150 AzAdharane gAthA naM 430 kI vyAkhyAmeM manuSya-bhavakI durlabhatA batalAte hue 'cullaya pAsaM dhaNNaM' Adi gAthAkA ullekha karaneke bAda likhA hai, " ete cullIbhojanAdikathAsampradAyAH dazApi prAkRtaTIkAdiSu vistareNoktAH prtipttvyaaH|" 2 gAthA naM0 525 kI vyAkhyAmeM likhA hai, SaTtriMzadguNA yathA-aSTA jJAnAcArAH, aSTau darzanAcArAzca, tapo dvAdazavidhaM, paMcasamitayaH tisro guptayazceti saMskRtaTIkAyAM / prAkRtaTIkAyAM tu aSTAviMzati mUlaguNAH AcAravattvAdayazcASTau, iti SaTtriMzat / __ 3 gAthA naM 0 550 ke 'kAusagga' padakI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai, 'kAusaggaM sAmAyikadaNDakastavaprayogapUrvakaM bRhatsiddhabhaktiM kRtvopavizya laghusiddhabhaktiM karotIti prAkRtaTIkAmnAyaH / ' 4 inase eka prAkRtaTIkA aura eka saMskRtaTIkAke astitvakA spaSTa patA lagatA hai / inake sivAya jAna par3atA hai ki kucha aura bhI gadyAtmaka TIkAyeM thIM, jinake karttA mUlagAthAoMke kucha bhinna bhinna pATha nirdeza karate the aura TIkA bhI bhinna karate the / yathA gAthA naM0 1818-eSA prAkRtaTIkAkAramatena vyaakhyaa| anye 'saMyama 1 paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtArane ( anekAnta varSa 2, kiraNa 1 meM ) kimirAgakaMbalassava' Adi gAthA ( naM0 537 ) kI TIkA ( mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa ) kA eka uddharaNa aura diyA hai jisameM saMskRtaTIkAkA aura ullekha hai /

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ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM mejjhANIti' paThitvA amedhyayogyAtsvayamazucIni santItyarthamAhuH / apare punaH salilAdInityAdisUtraM sAmAnyena vyAkhyAyottarasUtreNa prakRtaM dehAzucitvaM anusNddhte| gAthA 1967 anye tu vAse vAse iti paThitvA varSe varSe ityartha vyAcakruH / apare mAse mAse iti pAThaM matvA eva zabdaM vikalpArthamISuH / gAthA 1968-anye 'egaMtA salogA' iti paThitvA ekAntaparaiH prAyeNAdRzyA ityartha pratipannA; xxx apare tu 'dUramagor3hA' ityasya niSadyAsthAnastaMbhApekSayA bahvadhaH prveshetyrthmaahuH| 5 amitagatike saMskRtapadyAnuvAdake atirikta eka aura padyAnuvAda kisI AcAryakA hai jisake lagabhaga sause adhika padya AzAdharajIne apanI TIkAmeM 'uktaM ca ' ' tathoktaM ' ityAdike rUpameM uddhRta kiye haiN| unameMse eka yahA~ diyA jAtA haimUla-paDicodaNAsahaNavAyakhubhidapaDivayaNaiMdhaNAiddho / caMDo hu kasAyaggI sahasA saMpajilejAhi // 265 anu0-prativacanendhanajanitaH pratikUlAcaraNapavanasaMcalitaH / caNDaH kaSAyadahanaH sahasA sNprjvletpaapH|| isI gAthAkA amitagatikRta padyAnuvAda yaha hai vAkyAsahiSNutAvAtyA preritaH kopapAvakaH / udeti sahasA caMDo bhUripratyuttarendhanaH // 265 paM0 AzAdharajIke sAmane mUlagranthake kucha TippaNa bhI the| unameMse eka to zrIcandrakRta TippaNe thA, jisakA ullekha gAthA naM0 589 kI TIkAmeM isa prakAra kiyA hai-" zrIcandraTippaNake tvevamuktam / " - isake sivAya eka aura TippaNakI khoja paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ( anekAnta varSa 1, ki0 1) ne ArAdhanA-darpaNase lagAI hai, jo jayanandikA hai 1 isI gAthAkA amitagatikRta padyAnuvAda bhI sAtha hI uddhRta kiyA gayA hai jisase aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha dUsarA hI padyAnuvAda hai| ___ 2 ye vahI zrIcandra haiM jinhoMne puSpadantake uttarapurANa aura raviSeNake padmacaritake TippaNa aura purANasAra Adi grantha likhe haiM, jo bhojadevake samayameM 1087 meM the aura jinake gurukA nAma zrInandi thA /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa gAthA naM0 1999-kammetyAdi / atra sa karmamala: mithyAtvAdistokakarmANi / siddhiM sarvArthasiddhimiti jayanandiTippaNe vyAkhyA / ina saba ullekhoMse mAlUma hotA hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanApara pUrvokta upalabdha TIkAoMke atirikta aura bhI aneka TIkAyeM thIM jo aparAjitasU rike sAmane thIM aura paM0 AzAdharake sAmane bhii| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jo aparAjitasUriko prApta thIM ve hI paM0 AzAdharako milI thIM, athavA ve unake atirikta thiiN| donoMkI saMbhAvanA hai / paM0 AzAdharane jayanandi aura zrIcandrake do TippaNoMkA bhI upayoga kiyA hai| sAtha hI eka amitagatikA tathA dUsarA kisI ajJAtanAma AcAryakA, isa taraha do saMskRta padyAnuvAda, bhI unake samakSa the / jisa granthapara itane adhika TIkA TippaNa anuvAdAdi kiye gaye, usakI mahattAke viSayameM kyA kahanA hai / bahuta kama grantha aise haiM jinako itanI adhika TIkAoMkA saubhAgya prApta huA ho /

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yApanIya sAhityakI khoja yApanIya saMgha jainadharmake mukhya do sampradAya haiM, digambara aura zvetAmbara / ina donoMke anuyAyI lAkhoM haiM aura sAhitya bhI vipula hai, isalie inake matoM aura matabhedoMse sAdhAraNataH sabhI paricita haiM, parantu, isa bAtakA bahuta hI kama logoMko patA hai ki ina doke atirikta eka tIsarA sampradAya bhI thA jise 'yApanIya' yA 'gopya' saMgha kahate the aura jisakA isa samaya eka bhI anuyAyI nahIM hai / yaha sampradAya bhI bahuta prAcIna hai| darzanasArake karttA devasenasUrike kathanAnusAra kamase kama vi0 saM0 205 se to isakA patA calatA hI hai aura yaha samaya digambara-zvetAmbareM utpattise sirpha 60-70 varSa bAda par3atA hai| isalie yadi moTe taurapara yaha kahA jAya ki ye tInoM hI sampradAya lagabhaga eka hI samayake haiM to kucha bar3A doSa na hogA, vizeSa kara isalie ki sampradAyoMkI utpattikI jo tithiyA~ batAI jAtI haiM ve bahuta sahI nahIM huA karatIM / kisI samaya yaha sampradAya karnATaka aura usake AsapAsa bahuta prabhAvazAlI rahA hai| kadambai, rASTrakUTeM aura dUsare vaMzoMke rAjAoMne isa saMghako aura isake 1 kallANe varaNayare duNNisae paMcauttare jAde / jAvaNiyasaMghabhAvo sirikalasAdo hu sevaDado // 29 / / 2 chattIse varisasae vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / / soraTe valahIe uppaNNo sevaDo saMgho // 1 // zvetAmbara sampradAyake anusAra digambaroMkI utpatti vIranirvANake 609 varSa bAda (vi0 saM0 139 meM ) huI hai| 3 kadambavaMzI rAjAoMke dAnapatra, dekho jainahitaiSI, bhAga 14, aMka 7-8 / 4 dekho, iM0 e0 12 pR0 13-16 meM rASTrakUTa prabhUtavarSakA dAnapatra / 5 dekho iM0 e0 jilda 2 pa0 156-59 meM pathvIkoMgaNi mahArAjakA dAnapatra /

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42 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa AcAryoMko aneka bhUmi-dAnAdi kiye the| prasiddha zvetAmbarAcArya haribhadrasUrine apanI lalitavistarAmeM yApanIyataMtrakA sammAna-pUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai / zrutakevalidezIyAcArya zAkaTAyana (pAlyakIrti ) jaise suprasiddha vaiyAkaraNa isa sampradAyameM utpanna hue haiN| paumacariu aura ariSTanemicariuke kartA apabhraMza bhASAke mahAkavi svayaMbhU aura tribhuvana svayaMbhU bhI isI sampradAyake mAlUma hote haiN| ___ isa saMghakA lopa kaba huA aura kina kina kAraNoMse huA, ina praznoMkA uttara denA to bahuta parizrama-sAdhya hai, paraMtu abhI takakI khojase yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki vikramakI pandrahavIM zatAbdi taka yaha sampradAya jIvita thaa| kAgabAr3eke za0 saM0 1316 (vi0 saM0 1451) ke zilAlekhameM, jo jainamandirake bhauhiremeM hai, yApanIya saMghake dharmakIrti aura nAgacandrake samAdhi-le. khoMkA ullekha hai| inake guru nemicandrako tuluvarAjyasthApanAcAryakI upAdhi dI huI hai, jo isa bAtakI dyotaka hai ki ve eka bar3e rAjyamAnya vyakti the aura isalie saMbhava hai ki unake bAda bhI sau pacAsa varSa taka isa sampradAyakA astitva rahA ho| yApanIya sAhityakA kyA huA ? belagA~vake ' doDDa basti' nAmaka jainamandirakI zrIneminAthakI mUrtike nIce eka khaMDita lekhaM hai, jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta mandira yApanIya saMghake kisI pArisayyA nAmaka vyaktine zaka 935 (vi0 saM0 1070 ) meM banavAyA thA aura Ajakala ukta mandirakI yApanIyoMdvArA pratiSThita pratimA digambariyoMdvArA pUjI jAtI hai| jisa taraha yApanIya saMghakI ukta pratimA isa samaya digambara saMpradAyadvArA mAnI-pUjI jAtI hai, kyA Azcarya hai jo unake kucha sAhityakA bhI samAveza usake sAhityameM ho gayA ho ! yApanIya saMghakI pratimAyeM nirvastra hotI haiM, isalie 1 zrIharibhadrasUrikA samaya AThavIM zatAbdi hai / 2 dekho prAcIna lekhamAlA bhAga 1 pR0 68-72 / 3 dekho bAmbe yU0 jarnalake maI 1933 ke aMkameM pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhyAya ema0 e0 kA ' yApanIya saMgha ' nAmaka lekha aura jainadarzana varSa 4 aMka 7 meM usakA anuvAda / 4 dekho jainadarzana varSa 4, aMka 7

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yApanIya sAhityakI khoja 43 sarasarI taurase nahIM pahicAnI jA sakatI ki ve digambara saMpradAyakI haiM yA yApanIyakI / isI taraha yApanIya saMghakA bahuta-sA sAhitya bhI to aisA ho sakatA hai jo sthUla dRSTise digambara sampradAya jaisA hI mAlUma ho / udAharaNake lie hamAre sAmane zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa hai hI / vaha digambara sampradAyameM saikar3oM varSoMse kevala mAnya hI nahIM hai usapara bahuta-se digambara vidvAnoMne TIkAyeM taka likhI haiM / zAkaTAyanAcAryake vyAkaraNake atirikta do aura grantha prakAzameM Aye haiM jinameMse ekakA nAma 'strI-mukti prakaraNa' aura dUsarekA 'kevali-bhukti prakaraNa' hai| ina granthoMmeM nAmake anusAra strIko usI bhavameM mokSa ho sakatA hai aura kevalI bhojana karate haiM, ina do bAtoMko siddha kiyA gayA hai| cUMki ye donoM siddhAnta digambara sampradAyase viruddha haiM, zAyada isIlie inakA saMgraha digambara bhaNDAroMmeM nahIM kiyA gayA parantu zvetAmbara sampradAya ina bAtoMko mAnatA hai isalie usake bhaNDAroMmeM yaha saMgrahIta rhaa| pAlyakIrti ( zAkaTAyana ) kA eka sAhityaviSayaka grantha bhI thA jisakA mata rAjazekharane apane mahattvapUrNa grantha kAvya-mImAMsAmeM uddhRta kiyA hai / jaisA ki pAThakoMko Age calakara mAlUma hogA yApanIya saMgha sUtra yA AgamagranthoMko bhI mAnatA thA aura unake AgamoMkI vAcanA upalabdha vallabhI vAcanAse, jo zvetAmbara saMpradAyameM mAnI jAtI hai, zAyada kucha bhinna thii| usapara unakI svataMtra TIkAyeM bhI hoMgI jaisI ki aparAjitasUrikI dazavaikAlika sUtrapara eka TIkA thii| isa saba sAhityameMse kucha na kucha sAhitya z2arUra milanA cAhie / jisa saMpradAyake astitvakA pandrahavIM zatAbdi taka patA lagatA hai aura jisameM zAkaTAyana aura svayaMbhU jaise pratibhAzAlI vidvAn hue haiM, usakA sAhitya sarvathA hI naSTa ho gayA hogA, isa bAtapara sahasA vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaha avazya hogA aura digambara-zvetAmbara bhaNDAroMmeM jJAta-ajJAta rUpameM par3A hogaa| vikramakI bArahavIM-terahavIM zatAbdi taka kanar3I sAhityameM jaina vidvAnoMne ekase eka bar3hakara saikar3oM grantha likhe haiM / koI kAraNa nahIM hai ki jaba usa samaya taka yApanIya saMghake vidvAnoMkI paramparA calI A rahI thI taba unhoMne bhI kanar3I sAhityako dasa-bIsa grantha bheMTa na kiye hoN| 1 jaina sAhitya-saMzodhaka bhAga 2 aMka 3, 4 meM ye prakaraNa prakAzita ho cuke haiM /

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44 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa yApanIya saMghake sAhityakI eka bar3I bhArI upayogitA yaha hai ki jainadharmakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanevAloMko usase bar3I sahAyatA milegii| digambara-zvetAmbara mata-bhedoMke mUlakA patA lagAneke lie yaha donoMke bIcakA aura donoMko paraspara jor3anevAlA sAhitya hai aura isake prakAzameM Aye binA jainadharmakA prArambhika itihAsa eka tarahase apUrNa hI rhegaa| yApanIya sampradAyakA svarUpa maiMne apane derzanasAra-vivecanA aura usake pariziSTameM yApanIyoMkA vistRta paricaya pramANoMke sahita diyA hai| yahA~ maiM usakI punarAvRtti na karake sAramAtra likha detA hU~, jisase isa lekhakA agrima bhAga samajhanemeM koI asuvidhA na ho| ___ lalitavistarAke kartA haribhadrasUri, ghaTdarzanasamuccayake TIkAkAra guNaratnasUri aura SaTprAbhRtake vyAkhyAtA zrutasAgarasUrike anusAra yApanIya saMghake muni nagna rahate the, morakI picchi rakhate the, pANitalabhojI the, nagna mUrtiyA~ pUjate the aura vandanA karanevAle zrAvakoMko 'dharma-lAma' dete the| ye saba bAteM to digambariyoM jaisI thIM, parantu sAtha hI ve mAnate the ki striyoMko usI bhavameM mokSa ho sakatA hai, kevalI bhojana karate haiM aura sagranthAvasthA aura parazAsanase bhI mukta honA sambhava hai| isake sivAya zAkaTAyanakI amoghavRttike kucha udAharaNoMse mAlUma hotA hai ki yApanIya saMghameM Avazyaka, cheda-sUtra, niyukti aura dazavaikAlika Adi granthoMkA paThana-pAThana hotA thA, arthAt ina bAtoMmeM ve zvetAmbariyoMke samAna the| 1-2 dekho jainahiteSI bhAga 13 aMka 5-6 aura 9-10 / 3 " yA paMcajainAbhAsaraMcalikArahitApi nagnamUrtirapi pratiSThitA bhavati sA na vandanIyA na cArcanIyA ca / ".--ghaTaprAbhRtaTIkA pRSTha 79 / zrutasAgarake isa vacanase mAlUma hotA hai ki yApanIyoMdvArA pratiSThita pratimAyeM nagna hotI thIM kyoMki unake vizvAsake anusAra yApanIya pA~ca jainAbhAsoMke arntagata haiM / 4 etakamAvazyakamadhyApaya / iyamAvazyakamadhyApaya |-amoghvRtti 1-2-203-4 bhavatA khalu chedasUtra voDhavyam / niyuktiradhISva / niyuktiradhIte / 4-4-133-40 kAlikasUtrasyAnadhyAyadezakAlAH paThitAH / 3-2-47 atho kSamAzramaNaiste zAnaM dIyate 1-2-201

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yApanIya sAhityakI khoja aparAjitamUri yApanIya the yApanIya saMghakI mAnatAoMkA thor3A-sA paricaya dekara aba hama yaha batalAnA cAhate haiM ki kyA sacamuca hI kucha yApanIya sAhitya aisA hai jise isa samaya digambara sampradAya apanA mAna rahA hai, jisa taraha ki kucha sthAnoMmeM unake dvArA pratiSThita pratimAoMko ? isake pramANameM hama sabase pahale mUlArAdhanAkI TIkA zrIvijayodayAko upasthita karate haiM, jo aparAjitasUri yA zrIvijayAcAryakI banAI huI hai| yaha TIkA bhagavatI ArAdhanAke vacanikAkAra paM. sadAsukhajIke sammukha thii| sabase pahale unhoMne hI isapara sandeha kiyA thA aura likhA thA ki isa granthakI TIkAkA kA zvetAmbara hai / vastra, pAtra, kambalAdikA poSaNa karatA hai, isalie apramANa hai / sadAsukhajI cUki yApanIya saMghase paricita nahIM the, isalie ve aparAjitasUriko zvetAmbarake sivAya aura kucha likha bhI nahIM sakate the| isI taraha sva0 DaoN0 ke0 bI0 pAThakako bhI amoghavRttimeM Avazyaka, chedasUtra, niyukti Adike udAharaNa dekhakara zAkaTAyanako zvetAmbara mAna lenA par3A thA, jo ki nizcita rUpase yApanIya the| __ aparAjitasUrike yApanIya honekA sabase spaSTa pramANa yaha hai ki unhoMne dazavaikAlika sUtrapara svayaM eka TIkA likhI thI aura usakA bhI nAma isa TIkAke samAna 'zrIvijayodayA' thaa| isakA jikra unhoMne svayaM 1197 nambarakI gAthAkI TIkAmeM kiyA hai, " dazavaikAlikaTIkAyAM prapaMcitA udgamAdidoSA iti neha pratanyate / " arthAt maiMne udgamAdi doSoMkA varNana dazavaikAlika TIkAmeM kiyA hai, isalie aba use yahA~ nahIM krtaa| digambara sampradAyakA koI AcArya kisI anya sampradAyake AcAra-granthakI TIkA likhegA, yaha eka tarahase adbhuta-sI bAta hai jaba ki digambara sampradAyakI dRSTimeM dazavaikAlikAdi sUtra naSTa ho cuke haiM / ve isa nAmake kisI granthake astitvameM mAnate hI nahIM haiN| yahA~ yaha batalA denA Avazyaka hai ki zvetAMbara saMpradAya-mAnya jo Agama grantha haiM yApanIyasaMgha zAyada una sabhIko mAnatA thA; parantu aisA jAna par3atA hai ki donoMke AgamoMmeM kucha pATha-bheda thA aura isakA kAraNa zAyada yaha ho ki upalabdha valabhI-vAcanAse pahalekI koI vAcanA ( saMbhavataH mAthurI vAcanA)

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa yApanIya saMgha ke pAsa thI / kyoM ki vijayodayA TIkA meM AgamoMke jo uddharaNa diye gaye haiM ve zvetAmbara AgamoM meM bilkula jyoMke tyoM nahIM, kucha pATha-bhedake sAtha milate haiM / kar acelakatAkI carcA meM yApanIyatva jisa 427 naM0 kI gAthAkI TIkAparase paM0 sadAsukhajIne TIkAkArako zvetAMbarI karAra diyA hai, vaha yaha hai ____________ AcelakkuddesiyasejAhararAyapiMDakariyamme / vadaje paDikammaNe mAsaM pajjo savaNakappo || isa gAthAmeM daza prakArake zramaNakalpa arthAt zramaNoM yA jaina sAdhuoMke AcAra ginAye haiM, unameM sabase pahalA zramaNakalpa acelakya yA nirvastratA hai / sAdhuoMko kyoM nagna rahanA cAhie, aura nirvastratA meM kyA kyA guNa haiM, vaha kitanI Avazyaka hai, isa bAtako TIkAkArane khUba vistAra ke sAtha lagabhaga do pejameM spaSTa kiyA hai aura usakA bar3e joroM se samarthana kiyA hai / usake bAda zaMkA kI hai ki yadi aisA mAnate ho, acelakatAko hI ThIka samajhate ho, to phira pUrvAgamoM meM jo vastra pAtrAdikA grahaNa upadiSTa hai, so kaise' ? pUrvAgamoM meM vastrapAtrAdi kahA~ kahA~ upadiSTa haiM, isake uttara meM Age una pUrvAmose nAma aura sthAnasahita aneka uddharaNa diye haiM / jina AgamoM ke ve uddharaNa haiM, unake nAmoMse aura una uddharaNoM kA jo abhiprAya hai, usase sApha samajha meM A jAtA hai ki ve koI digambara sampradAya ke Agama yA zAstra nahIM haiM balki vahI haiM jo zvetAmbara sampradAya meM upalabdha haiM aura thor3e se pATha bhedake sAtha yApanIya saMgha meM mAne jAte the / aksara granthakAra kisI matakA khaMDana karane ke lie usI matake granthoMkA bhI havAlA diyA karate haiM aura apane siddhAntako puSTa karate haiM / parantu isa TIkA meM aisA nahIM hai / isameM to TIkAkArane apane hI AgamoM kA havAlA dekara acelakatA siddha kI hai aura batalAyA hai ki apavAdarUpase avasthA - vizeSa meM hI vastrakA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai, sadA nahIM / 1 athaivaM manyase pUrvAgameSu vastrapAtrAdigrahaNamupadiSTaM tathA ( tatkathaM ? )

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yApanIya sAhityakI khoja 47 pahalA uddharaNa ' AcAra-praNidhi' kA hai aura yaha AcAra-praNidhi dazavaikAlika sUtrake AThaveM adhyayanakA nAma hai| usameM likhA hai ki pAtra aura kambalakI pratilekhanA karanA cAhie ki ve nirjantuka haiM yA nhiiN| aura phira kahA hai ki pratilekhanA to tabhI kI jAyagI jaba pAtra-kambalAdi hoMge, unake binA vaha kaise hogI ? dUsarA uddharaNa AcArAMgasUtrakA hai| usake 'loka-vicaya' nAmake dUsare adhyayanake pA~caveM uddezyameM bhI kahA hai ki bhikSu picchikA, rajoharaNa, uggaha aura kaTAsana inameMse koI upadhi rakkhe / / isake Age vatthesaNA ( vastrepaNA) aura pAeSaNA ( pAtreSaNA ) ke tIna uddharaNa diye haiM jinakA sArAMza yaha hai ki jo sAdhu hrImAna yA lajAlu ho, vaha eka vastra to dhAraNa kare aura dUsarA pratilekhanAke lie rakkhe, jisakA liMga beDaula jugupsAkara ho vaha do vastra to dhAraNa kare aura tIsarA pratilekhanAke lie rakkhe aura jise zItAdi pariSaha sahana na ho vaha tIna vastra dhAraNa kare aura cauthA pratilekhanAke lie rakkhe / yadi mujhe tUMbI, lakar3I yA miTTIkA alpapramANa, alpabIja, alpaprasAra, aura alpAkAravAlA pAtra milegA, to use grahaNa kruuNgaa| . ina uddharaNoMko dekara pUchA hai ki yadi vastra-pAtrAdi grAhya na hoM to phira ye sUtra kaise liye jAte haiM ? 7 isake Age bhAvanA (AcArAMgasUtrakA 24 vA~ adhyayana) kA uddharaNa diyA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrane eka varSa taka vastra dhAraNa kiyA aura usake bAda ve acelaka ( nirvastra ) ho gaye / 1-AcArapraNidhau bhaNitaM / 2-3-pratilikhetpAtrakambalaM dhruvamiti / asatsu pAtrAdiSu kathaM pratilekhanA dhruvaM kriyte| 4-AcArasyApi dvitIyAdhyano lokavicayo nAma, tasya paJcame uddeze evamuktam / paDilehaNaM pAdapuMchaNaM uggahaM kaDAsaNaM aNNadaraM upadhi pAveja iti| 5tathA vatthesaNAe vuttaM tattha ese hirimaNe segaM batthaM vA dhAreja, paDilehaNaM vidiyam / tattha ese jaggide duve batthANa dhAreja paDileheNaM tidiyam / tattha ese parissahaM aNadhihAsassa tago vatthANi dhAreja paDilehaNaM cauttham / / 6 punazcoktaM tatraiva-AlAbupattaM vA dArugapattaM vA maTTigapattaM vA appapANaM appabInaM appasaridaM tathA appAkAraM pAtralAbhe sati paDiggahissAmIti / 7 vastrapAtre yadi na grAhye kathametAni sUtrANi nIyante ? 8 varisaM cIvaradhArI tena paramacelake tu jiNe /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa sUtrakRtAMgake puNDarIka adhyayana meM kahA hai ki sAdhuko kisI vastrapAtrAdikI prAptike matalaba se dharmakathA nahIM kahanI cAhie aura nizIthasUtra ke dUsare uddezya meM bhI kahA hai ki jo bhikSu vastra pAtroMko eka sAtha grahaNa karatA hai use laghumAsika prAyazcitta lenA par3atA hai / 2 48 zaMkAkAra kahatA hai ki isa taraha sUtroMmeM jaba vastra-grahaNa nirdiSTa hai, taba acelatA kaise bana sakatI hai ? isake samAdhAnameM TIkAkAra kahate haiM ki Agama meM arthAt AcArAMgAdi meM AryikAoMko to vastrakI anujJA hai parantu bhikSuoMko nahIM hai / aura jo hai vaha kAraNakI apekSA hai / jisa bhikSuke zarIrAvayava lajjAkara haiM aura jo parIpaha sahana karanemeM asamartha hai vahI vastra grahaNa karatA hai| aura phira isa bAta kI puSTi meM AcArAMga tathA kalpa (bRhatkalpa) ke do uddharaNa dekara AcArAMgakA eka dUsarA sUtra batalAyA hai jisameM kAraNakI apekSA vastra grahaNa karanekA vidhAna hai aura phira usakI TIkA karate hue likhA hai - yaha jo kahA hai ki hemanta Rtuke samApta ho jAne para parijIrNa upadhiko rakha de, so isakA artha yaha hai ki yadi zItakA kaSTa sahana na ho to vastra grahaNa kara le aura phira grISmakAla A jAne para use utAra de / isameM kAraNakI apekSA hI grahaNa kahA gayA hai / parantu jIrNako chor3a de, isakA matalaba yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki dRr3ha ( majabUta ) ko na chor3e / anyathA acelatAvacana se virodha A jAyagA / vastrakI parijIrNatA prakSAlanAdi saMskArake abhAva se kahI 1 - kaheja dhammaka batthapattAdidubhidi / 2 - kasiNAI vatthakaMbalAI jo bhikkhU paDiggahidi pajjadi mAsigaM lahugaM idi / 3 - evaM sUtranirdiSTe cele acelatA kathaM iti / 4 - AryikANAmAgame anujJAtaM vastraM, kAraNApekSayA bhikSUNAm / hImAnayogyazarIrAvayavo duzcarmAbhilambamAnatrIjI vA parIpahasahane vA akSamaH sa gRhNAti / 5-hirihetukaM va hoi dehaduguMchaMti dehe juggidage dhAreja siyaM vatthaM parissahANaM ca vihAsIti : 6 - dvitIyamapi sUtraM kAraNamapekSya vastragrahaNamityasya prasAdhakaM AcArAMge vidyateevaM jANe / pAtikaMte hemaMtehiM supaDivaNNe se atha paDijuNNamuvadhiM padiTThAvejja / ' 'aha puNa

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yApanIya sAhityakI khoja gaI hai, dRr3hakA tyAga karaneke lie nahIM aura yadi aisA mAnoge ki saMyamake lie pAtra-grahaNa siddha hai to yaha ThIka nahIM hai| kyoM ki acelatAkA artha hai parigrahakA tyAga aura pAtra parigraha hai, isalie usakA tyAga siddha hai / arthAt vastra-pAtragrahaNa kAraNasApekSa hai / jo upakaraNa kAraNakI apekSA grahaNa kiye jAte haiM unakA jisa taraha grahaNakA vidhAna hai usI taraha unakA pariharaNa bhI avazya kahanA cAhie / isalie bahutase sUtroMmeM adhikArakI apekSA jo vastra-pAtra kahe haiM so unheM aisA mAnanA cAhie ki kAraNasApekSa hI kahe gaye haiN| aura jo bhAvanA (AcArAMgakA 24 vA~ adhyayana ) meM kahA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrane eka varSa taka cIvara dhAraNa kiyA aura usake bAda ve acelaka ho gaye, so isameM bahuta-sI viprattipattiyA~ haiM, arthAt bahutase virodha aura mata-bheda haiN| kyoMki kucha loga kahate haiM ki usa vastrako jo vIra jinake zarIrapara laTakA diyA gayA thA, laTakA denevAle manuSyane hI usI dina le liyA thaa| dUsare kahate haiM ki vaha kA~ToM aura DAliyoM Adise ulajhate ulajhate chaha mahInemeM chinna bhinna ho gayA thaa| kucha loga kahate haiM ki eka varSase kucha adhika bIta jAnepara khaMDalaka nAmaka brAhmaNane use le liyA thA aura dUsare kahate haiM ki jaba vaha havAse ur3a gayA aura bhagavAnane usakI upekSA kI, to laTakAnevAlene phira unake kandhepara laTakA diyA / isa taraha aneka vipattipattiyA~ honeke kAraNa isa bAtameM koI tattva nahIM dikhalAI detaa| yadi sacela liMga prakaTa karaneke lie bhagavAnne vastra grahaNa kiyA thA, to phira usakA vinAza kyoM iSTa huA? use sadA hI dhAraNa kiye rahanA thA / yadi unheM patA thA ki vaha naSTa ho jAyagA 1-himasamaye zItabAdhAsahaH parigrahya celaM tasminniSkrAnte grISme samAyAte pratiSThApayediti kAraNamapekSyaM grahaNamAkhyAtam / parijIrNavizeSopAdAnAdRDhAnAmaparityAga iti cet acelatAvacanena virodhaH / prakSAlanAdisaMskAravirahAtparijIrNatA vastrasya kabhitA, na tu dRDhasya tyAgakathanArtha pAtrapratiSThApanAsUtreNokteti / 2-saMyamArtha pAtragrahaNaM siddhayati iti manyase, naiva / acelatA nAma parigrahatyAgaH pAtraM ca parigraha iti tasyApi tyAgaH siddha eveti / tasmAtkAraNApekSa vastrapAtragrahaNam / yadupakaraNaM grahyate kAraNamapekSya tasya grahaNavidhiH grahItasya ca pariharaNamavazyaM vaktavyameva / tasmAdatraM pAtraM cArthAdhikAramapekSya sUtreSu bahuSu yaduktaM tatkAraNamapekSya nirdiSTamiti grAhyam /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa to phira usakA grahaNa karanA nirarthaka huA aura yadi patA nahIM thA to ve ajJAnI siddha hue / aura phira yadi unheM calaprajJApanA vAMchanIya thI, to phira yaha vacana mithyA ho jAyagA ki prathama aura antima tIrthakarakA dharma Acelakya (nirvastratA) thaa| aura jo yaha kahA hai ki jisa taraha maiM acelaka hU~ usI taraha pichale jina ( tIrthakara ) bhI acelaka hoMge, so isase bhI virodha AyagA / isake sivAya vIra bhagavAnake samAna yadi anya tIrthakaroMke bhI vastra the to unakA vastra-tyAgakAla kyoM nahIM batalAyA jAtA hai ? isalie yahI kahanA ucita mAlUma hotA hai ki saba kucha tyAgakara jaba jina (vIra bhagavAn ) sthita the taba kisIne unake Upara vastra DAla diyA thA aura vaha eka tarahakA upasarga thA / isake bAda kahA hai ki parISaha-sUtroMmeM ( uttarAdhyayanameM ) jo zIta-daMza-masakatRNasparza-parIpahoMke sahanake vacana haiM ve saba acelatAke sAdhaka haiM / kyoMki jo sacela yA savastra haiM unheM zItAdikI bAdhA hotI hI nahIM hai / phira uttarAdhyayanakI aisI nau gAthAyeM uddhRta kI haiM jo acelatAko prakaTa 1-yaccabhAvanAyAmuktaM-'varisaM cIvaradhArI teNa paramacelago jino' ti taduktaM vipratipattibahulatvAt / katham ? kecidvadanti tasminneva dine tadvastraM vIrajinasya vilambanakAriNA gRhItamiti / anye SaNmAsAcchinnaM tatkaNTakazAkhAdibhiriti / sAdhikena varSeNa tadvastraM khaNDalakabrAhmaNena gRhItamiti kecitkathayanti / kecidvAtena patitamupekSitaM jineneti / apare vadantivilambanakAriNA jinasya skandhe tadAropitamiti / evaM vipratipattibAhulyAnna dRzyate tattvam / sacelaliMgaprakaTanAtha yadi celagrahaNaM jinasya, kathaM tadvinAza iSTaH ? sadA taddhArayitavyam / kiM ca, yadi nazyatIti zAnaM, nirarthakaM tasya grahaNaM, yadi na zAtamajJAnasya prApnoti / api ca celaprazApanA vAMchitA cet 'Acelako dhammo purimacarimANaM' iti vaco mithyA bhavet / ___2-yaduktaM 'yathAhamacelI tathA hou pacchimo iti hokkhaditi' tenApi virodhaH / kiM ca jinAnAmitareSAM vastratyAgakAla: vIrajinasyeva kiM na nirdizyate yadi vastraM teSAmapi bhavet / evaM tu yuktaM vaktuM sarvatyAgaM kRtvA sthite jine kenacidvastraM vastuM nikSiptaM upasarga iti / 3-idaM cAcelatAprasAdhanaparaM zItadaMzamazakatRNasparzaparISahanavacanaM parISahasUtreSu / nahi sacelaM zItAdayo vaadhnte|

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pApanIya sAhityakI khoja karatI haiM aura isa taraha isa Acelakya zramaNakalpakI samApta kI gaI hai| isase acchI taraha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vyAkhyAkAra yApanIya saMghake haiM aura ve una saba AgamoMko mAnate haiM jinake uddharaNa unhoMne acelatAke prakaraNameM diye haiN| unakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki sAdhuoMko nama rahanA cAhie, nama rahanekI hI AgamoMkI pradhAna AzA hai aura kahIM kahIM jo vastrAdikA ullekha milatA hai so usakA artha itanA hI hai ki yadi kabhI anivArya jarUrata A par3e, zItAdikI takalIpha baradAzta na ho, yA zarIra beDaula ghinaunA ho to kapar3A grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai parantu vaha grahaNa karanA kAraNasApekSa hai aura eka tarahase apavAdarUpa hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrakI ve una saba bhinna bhinna kathAoMkA ullekha karate haiM jo unake kucha kAla taka vastradhArI rahaneke sambandhameM zvetAmbara-sampradAyameM pracalita rahI haiM aura digambara sampradAyameM jinakA kahIM jikra taka nahIM hai / 1-sthAnAbhAvase yahA~ uttarAdhyayanakI cAra hI gAthAyeM dI jAtI haiM paricattesu vatthesu Na puNo celamAdie / acelapavaro bhikkhU jiNarUbadhare sadA // acelagassa lUhassa saMjayassa tvssinno| taNesu sayamANassa NaM te hodi virAhiNA / Na me NivAraNaM atthi chavittANaM Na vijjii| ahaM tu aggi sevAmi idi bhikkhU Na ciMtae / / Acalakko ya jo dhammo jo vAyaM puNaruttaro / desido vaDDhamANeNa pAseNa ya mahappaNA / / 2 isa viSayameM yApanIya saMghakI tulanA zurUke bhaTTArakoMse kI jA sakatI hai / ve the to digambara sampradAyake hI anuyAyI, zrIkundakundakI AmnAyake mAnanevAle aura nagnatAke poSaka, parantu anivArya AvazyakatA honepara vastroMkA bhI upayoga kara lete the| yoM to ve apane maThoMmeM vastra choDakara nagna hI rahate the aura bhojanake samaya bhI nagna ho jAte the / zrIzrutasAgarasUrine SaTpAhuDa TIkAmeM ise apavAdaveSa kahA hai| yathA " kalau kila mlecchAdayo nagnaM dRSTvA upadravaM yatInAM kurvanti, tena maNDapadurge zrIvasantakIrtinA svAminA caryAdivelAyAM taTTIsArAdikena zarIramAcchAdya punastanmuJcati ityupadezaH kRtaH saMyAminAM / ityapavAdaveSaH / " arthAt kalikAlameM yatiyoMko nagna dekhakara mlecchAMdi

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vijayodayA TIkAkA yaha eka hI prasaMga use yApanIya siddha karaneke lie kAphI hai aura isI lie yaha khAsa taurase pAThakoMke sAmane peza kiyA gayA hai / aura bhI kaI prasaMga aura uddharaNa diye jA sakate haiM parantu unameM jo digambarayApanIya bheda haiM ve itane sUkSma haiM ki unheM jaldI nahIM samajhAyA jA sakatA aura unapara vivAda bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / aparAjitamUrikI guru-paramparA zrIvijayodayA TIkAke anusAra aparAjitasUri baladevasUrike ziSya aura candranandi mahAprakRtyAcAryake praziSya the / nAganandi gaNikI caraNa-sevAse unheM jJAna prApta huA thA aura zrInandigaNike kahanese unhoMne yaha TIkA likhI thii| ve ArAtIya sUriyoMmeM zreSTha the| zrIvijaya unakA dUsarA nAma thoM aura zAyada isIse isa TIkAkA tathA dazavaikAlika TIkAkA nAma zrIvijayodayA rakkhA gayA hai| digambara-sampradAyake kisI bhI saghakI gurvAvalI yA paTTAvalImeM yaha guruparamparA upadrava karate haiM, isase maNDapadurga (mAMDalagar3ha ) meM vasantakIti svAmIne muniyoMko yaha upadeza kiyA ki AhArAdike lie nikalate samaya caTAI, sAdar3I ( bA~sa yA khajUrake pattoMse banI huI caTAIke TukaDe ) se zarIra DhaMka lenA aura phira use choDa denA / yaha apavAda. veza hai / tattvArthaTIkAmeM inhIM zrutasAgarane ise dravyaliMga kahA hai / yathA-" dravyaliginaH asamarthA maharSayaH zItakAlAdau kambalAdikaM gRhItvA na prakSAlayante na sIvyanti na prayatnAdikaM kurvanti aparakAle pariharaMtIti / " arthAt dravyaliMgI asamartha maharSi zItakAlAdimeM kambalAdika grahaNa kara lete haiM, parantu na unheM dhote haiM, na sIte haiM, na unake lie kucha prayatna karate haiM aura phira use chor3a dete haiM / 1-" candranandimahAprakRtyAcArya-praziSyeNa ArAtIyasUricUlAmaNinA nAganandigaNipAdapadmopasevAjAtamatilavena baladevamUriziSyeNa jinazAsanoddharaNadhIreNa labdhayazaHprasareNAparAjitasUriNA zrInandigaNinAvacoditena racitA-" 2--AzAdharane aparAjitakA apane granthoMmeM zrIvijayAcAryake nAmase bhI ullekha kiyA hai.--" etacca zrIvijayAcAryaviracitasaMskRtamUlArAdhanaTIkAyAM susthitasUtre vistarataH samarthitaM -anagAradharmAmRta TIkA pR0 673 dRSTavyaM / "

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yApanIya sAhityakI khoja nahIM milatI aura yaha ArAtIya pada bhI vinayadatta, zrIdatta aura arhaddatta, ina cAra AcAryoMke sivAya aura kisI bhI AcAryake lie vyavahRta nahIM kiyA gayA hai / sarvArthasiddhi TIkAke anusAra bhagavAnke sAkSAt ziSya gaNadhara aura zrutakevaliyoMke bAda jo AcArya hue aura jinhoMne dazavaikAlikAdi sUtra upanibaddha kiye haiM ve ArAtIya kahalAte haiN| cU~ki aparAjitasUrine dazavaikAlikakI TIkA likhI thI, zAyada isIlie ve 'ArAtIya-cUDAmaNi' kahalAte hoN| digambara sampradAyake anusAra dazavaikAlikAdi aMgabAhya zruta to haiM; parantu usakI dRSTimeM ve chinna ho gaye haiM aura jo upalabdha haiM ve apramANa haiM / ataeva digambara sampradAyakA koI bhI AcArya isa padavIkA dhAraka nahIM hai / yApanIyoMkA nandisaMgha gaMgavaMzI pRthvIkoGgANi mahArAjakA zaka 698 (vi0 saM0 833) kA eka dAna-patraM milA hai jo zrIpura ( zirUra ) ke ' lokatilaka' nAmaka jainamaMdirako 'paunnAlli' nAmaka grAmake rUpameM diyA thaa| usameM jo guruparamparA dI hai vaha isa prakAra hai-zrIcandranandi guru, unake ziSya kumAranandi, unake kIrtinandi aura unake vimalacandrAcArya / inheM zrImUlamUlagaNAbhinandita naMdisaMgha, ere gittUra ........... 1-vinayadharaH zrIdattaH zivadattA'nyo'rhaddattanAmaite / ArAtIyAH yatayastato'bhavannagapUrvadharAH // 24 -zrutAvatAra 2-trayo vaktAraH sarvazatIrthakaraH itaro vA zrutakevalI ArAtIyazceti / -anagAradharmAmRtaTIkA pR0 673 ArAtIyaH punarAcAryaiH kAladoSAtsaMkSiptAyumaMtibalaziSyAnugrahArthaM dazavaikAlikAdyupanibaddhaM tatpramANamarthatastadevedamiti kSIrArNavajalaM ghaTagRhItamiva / --a0 1, mUtra 20 3-iNDiyana eNTikverI 2-156-59 zrImUlazaraNAbhinanditanandisaMghAnvayaeregittaranAmni gaNe mUlikalagacche svacchataraguNakiraNapratatiprahlAditasakalalokazcandra ivAparazcandranandinAmA gururAsIt / 4-'zrImUlamUlazaraNAbhinandita' pATha zAyada ThIka nahIM hai / sambhava hai par3hanevAlene gaNa ko 'zaraNa' paDha liyA ho|

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa nAmaka gaNa aura mUlikala gacchakA batalAyA hai| hamArA khayAla hai ki jisa taraha mUla saMghake antargata eka nandisaMgha hai, usI taraha yApanIya saMghake antargata bhI eka nandisaMgha thA / isake pramANameM hama rASTrakUTanareza dvi0 prabhUtarvaSeka eka dIna-patrako peza kara sakate haiM, jisake dvArA zaka 735 ( vi0 saM0 870 ) ko yApanIya-nandisaMghake vijayakIrtike ziSya arkakIrti muniko mAnyapurake ( maisUra rAjyake nela maMgala tAllukeke maune nAmaka grAmake) zilAgrAma jinendrabhavanako eka gA~va bheMTa kiyA gayA thaa| usameM spaSTatAse 'zrIyApanIya-nandisaMgha punAgavRkSamUlagaNa' likhA huA hai / isa nandisaMghake antargata usakI zAkhArUpa punAgavRkSamUla nAmakA gaNa thaa| jisa taraha mUlasaMghake antargata, dezIya, kANUra Adi gaNa haiM, usI taraha yApanIya nandisaMgha yaha bhI thaa| rAyabArgake zilAlekhameM jo I0 sa0 1020 kA likhA huA hai, yApanIyasaMgha-punnAgavRkSamUlagaNake kumArakIrtidevako kucha dAna diyA gayA hai / isI taraha kolhApurake ' maMgalavArabasti' nAmaka jainamandirakI eka pratimAke nIce bhI eka zilAlekha hai jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa-yApanIyasaMghake vijayakIrti paNDitake ziSya aura raviNNake bhAI vomiNNane usakI pratiSThA karAI thii| ina do lekhoMmeM yApanIyasaMgha punnAgavRkSamUlagaNakA ullekha to hai parantu nandi. saMghakA nahIM hai, phira bhI yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki nandisaMgha yApanIyoMmeM bhI thA aura usake antargata punnAgavRkSamUla gaNa thA / draviDa saMghameM bhI nandisaMgha yApanIya saMgha hI nahIM dravir3a yA dramila saMghameM bhI nandisaMgha nAmakA saMgha thA, 1-iM0 e0 jilda 12, pR0 13-16 ... zrIyApanIyanandisaMgha'nAgavRkSamUlagaNe zrIkIrtyAcAryAnvaye ... / 2-jarnala Apha di bAmbe hisTArikala susAiTI jilda 3, pRSTha0 162-200 3- pro0 ke0 jI0 kuMDanagarane kanar3I mAsika patra / jinavijaya ' ( sana 1932 ) meM yaha aura yApanIyoMke anya lekha prakAzita kiye the / inakA ullekha pro0 upAdhyAyane apane ' yApanIya saMgha ' zIrSaka lekhameM kiyA hai / dekho jainadarzana varSa 4, aMka 7 /

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yApanIya sAhityakI khoja jisakA ullekha kaI zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai aura yaha eka mArkekI bAta hai ki devasenasUrine yApanIyake samAna dravir3a saMghako bhI jainAbhAsoMmeM ginA hai| prAyaH pratyeka saMghameM gaNa, gaccha, anvaya, bali Adi zAkhAyeM rahatI thiiN| kabhI kabhI gaNa-gacchAdiko saMgha aura saMghoMko gaNa yA gaccha bhI likha diyA jAtA thA / matalaba sabakA muniyoMke eka samUhase thaa| saMghoM aura gaNoMke nAmoMkI upapatti ina saMghoM yA gaNoMse kuchake nAma dezoMke nAmase jaise dravir3a, mAthura, lAr3abAgar3a Adi, kucha grAmoMke nAmase jaise kittUra, namilUre, tagarile, zrIpura, hanasoge" Adi, aura kucha dUsare cihnoMse rakkhe gaye haiN| indranandine zrutAvatArameM likhA hai ki jo muni zAlmalivRkSamUlase Aye unakA amuka nAma par3A, jo azokavATikAse Aye unakA amuka / isa viSayameM jo mata-bheda haiM unakA bhI unhoMne ullekha kara diyA hai / yadyapi vRkSoMse nAmoM kI koI ThIka upapatti nahIM baiThatI hai phira bhI yaha mAnanemeM koI harja nahIM ki zurU zurUmeM kucha saMghoM yA gaNoMke nAma vRkSoMparase bhI par3e the| ye punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa aura zrImUlamUlagaNa bhI isI tarahake mAlUma hote haiM / punAga nAgakesarako kahate haiM aura zrImUla zAlmali yA semarako / baMgalA bhASAmeM 1-zrImadramilasaMghesminnandisaMghe'styaruMgalaH / anvayo bhAti yo'zeSazAstravArIzapAragaH // ...zrImadrAmiNagaNadanandisaMghadaruGgalAnvayadAcAryAvaliyente doDe... -jainazilAlekhasaMgraha pR0 397 2-dakkhiNamahurAjAdo dAviDasaMgho mhaamoho|| 3-7- ina nAmoMke sthAna karnATakameM aba bhI haiN| bali, gaccha aura anvayake nAma inhIMparase rakkhe gaye haiM / gittUra aura kittUra eka hI haiN| kittUrakA purAnA nAma kIrtipura hai jo punnATa dezakI rAjadhAnI thA / ' ere' kanaDI meM 'baDe ' ko kahate haiM / kittara aura ' ere gittara ' donoM hI nAmake gaNa yA gaccha haiN| 8-ye zAlmalimahAdrumamUlAdyatayo'bhyupagatAH, ye khaNDakesaradrumamUlAnmunayaH samAgatAH prathitAdazokavATAtsamAgatA ye munIzvarAH ityAdi /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa semarako ' zimUla' kahate haiM jo 'zrImUla' kA hI apabhraMza mAlUma hotA hai / kanar3I meM bhI semara ke lie sambhava hai ki zimUla yA zrImUlase hI milatA julatA koI zabda ho / 56 saMskRta koSoMmeM nandi bhI eka vRkSakA nAma hai, isase kalpanA hotI hai ki zAyada nandisaMgha nAma bhI ukta vRkSake kAraNa par3A hogA / aisI dazA meM mUla saMgha samAna anya saMghoM meM bhI nandi saMgha honA svAbhAvika hai / hamArA anumAna hai ki pRthvIkauGgaNi mahArAjake dAnapatra meM jina candranandi AcAryakA ullekha hai, unake hI praziSya aparAjitasUri hoMge / ukta dAnapatra meM unake eka ziSya kumAranandikI hI ziSya-paramparA dI hai, saMbhava hai dUsare ziSya baladevakI paramparAmeM aparAjitasUri hue hoM / dAnapatra meM digambara sampradAya ke mUlasaMghAntargata nandisaMgha se pRthaktva prakaTa karane ke lie hI zAyada ' zrImUlamUlagaNAbhinandita' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| kyA zivArya bhI yApanIya the ? aparAjitasUri ke viSaya meM vicAra karate samaya mUla bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI kucha bAteM aisI milI haiM jinase usake kartA zivArya bhI yApanIya saMgha ke mAlUma hote haiM | dekhie -- 1 isa granthakI prazasti meM likhA hai ki Arya jinanandi gaNi, Arya sarvagupta gaNi aura Arya mitranandi gaNike caraNoMse acchI taraha sUtra aura unakA artha samajhakara aura pUrvAcAryoM kI racanAko upajIvya banAkara 'pANitalabhojI' zivAryane yaha ArAdhanA racI' | hama logoM ke lie prAyaH ye sabhI nAma aparicita haiM / 1. -ajajiNaNaM digaNiajamittaNaMdINaM / avagamiyapAyamUle sammaM suttaM ca atthaM ca // 2161 puvvAyariyaNivaddhA upajIvittA imA sasattIe / ArAhaNA sivajeNa pANidalabhoiNA raidA || 2162 2- - yApanIya saMghake muniyoMmeM kIrtinAmAnta adhikatAse haiM- jaise pAlyakIti, ravikIrti, vijayakIrti, dharmakIrti, Adi / nandi, gupta, candra, nAmAnta bhI kAphI haiM jaise- jinanandi, mitranandi, sarvaMgupta, nAgacandra, nemicandra / para inasa kisI saMghakA nizcayapUrvaka nirNaya nahIM ho sakatA hai /

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yApanIya sAhityakI khoja 57 aparAjitasUrikI paramparAke samAna yaha paramparA bhI digambara sampradAyakI kisI paTTAvalI yA gurvAvalI AdimeM nahIM miltii| isa dhAraNAke sahI honekA bhI koI puSTa aura nibhrAnta pramANa abhI taka nahIM milA hai ki zivakoTi aura zivArya eka hI haiM jo svAmi samantabhadrake ziSya the, jo kucha pramANa isa sambandhameM diye jAte haiM, ve bahuta pIcheke gar3he hue mAlUma hote haiN| svayaM zivArya hI yaha svIkAra nahIM karate ki maiM samantabhadrakA ziSya hU~ / 2 aparAjitasUri yadi yApanIya saMghake the to adhika sambhAvanA yahI hai ki unhoMne apane hI sampradAyake granthakI TIkA kI hogii| 3 ArAdhanAkI gAthAyeM kAphI tAdAdameM zvetAmbara sUtroMmeM milatI haiM, isase zivAyake isa kathanakI puSTi hotI hai ki pUrvAcAryoMkI racI huI gAthAyeM unakI upajIvya haiN| ____ 4 jina tIna guruoMke caraNoM meM baiThakara unhoMne ArAdhanA racI hai, unameM se 'sarvagupta gaNi' zAyada vahI haiM, jinake viSayameM zAkaTAyanakI amoghavRttimeM likhA hai ki " upasarvaguptaM vyaakhyaataarH|" 1-3-104 / arthAt sAre vyAkhyAtA yA TIkAkAra sarvaguptase nIce haiM / cUMki zAkaTAyana yApanIya saMghake the isalie vizeSa sambhava yahI hai ki sarvagupta yApanIya saMghake hI sUtroM yA AgoMke vyAkhyAtA ho| 5 zivAryane apaneko 'pANitalabhojI' arthAt hAthoMmeM grAsa lekara bhojana karanevAlA kahA hai| yaha vizeSaNa unhoMne apaneko zvetAmbara sampradAyase alaga prakaTa karaneke lie diyA hai / yApanIya sAdhu hAthapara hI bhojana karate the| 6 ArAdhanAkI 1132 vIM gAthAmeM 'medassa muNNissa akkhANaM' ( metAryamunerAkhyAnam ) arthAt metArya munikI kathAkA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / paM0 sadAsukhajIne apanI vacanikAmeM isa padakA artha hI nahIM kiyA hai| yahI 1-dekho . ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM ' zIrSaka lekha / / 2-anantakIrti-granthamAlAmeM prakAzita bhagavatI ArAdhanA vacanikAke antameM una gAthAoMkI eka sUcI dI hai jo mUlAcAra aura ArAdhanAmeM eka-sI haiM aura paM0 sukhalAlajIdvArA sampAdita * paMca pratikramaNa sUtra meM mUlAcArakI una gAthAoMkI sUcI dI hai jo bhadrabAhukRta ' Avazyakaniyukti meM bhI hai|

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa hAla naI hindI TIkAke kartA paM0 jinadAsajI zAstrIkA bhI hai / saMskRtaTIkAkAra paM0 AzAdharajIne to isa gAthAkI vizeSa TIkA isalie nahIM kI hai ki vaha sugama hai parantu AcArya amitagatine isakA saMskRtAnuvAda karanA kyoM chor3a diyA ? ve metAryake AkhyAnase paricita nahIM the, zAyada isI kAraNa / metAryamunikI kathA zvetAmbara sampradAyameM bahuta prasiddha hai / ve eka cANDAlinIke lar3ake the parantu kisI seThake ghara pale the / atyanta dayAzIla the| eka dina ve eka sunArake yahA~ bhizAke lie gaye / usane apanI dUkAnameM usI samaya soneke jau banAkara rakkhe the / vaha bhikSA lAneke lie bhItara gayA aura muni vahIM dUkAnameM khar3e rahe jahA~ jau rakkhe the| itanemeM eka krauMca ( sArasa ) pakSIne Akara ve jau cuga liye / sunArako sandeha huA ki munine hI jau curA liye haiN| munine pakSIko cugate to dekha liyA thA parantu isa bhayase nahIM kahA ki yadi saca bAta mAlUma ho jAyagI to sunAra sArasako mAra DAlegA aura usake peTa se apane jau nikAla legaa| isase sunArako sandeha ho gayA ki yaha kAma munikA hI hai, isane hI jau curAye haiN| usane unheM bahuta kaSTa diyA aura antameM bhIge camar3emeM kasa diyaa| isase unakA zarIrAnta ho gayA aura unhoMne kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa| merI samajhameM isa DhaMgakI kathA digambara sampradAyameM nahIM hai| 7 daza sthitikalpoMke nAmavAlI gAthA jisakI TIkApara aparAjitasUriko yApanIya saMgha siddha kiyA gayA hai, jItakalpa-bhASyakI 1972 naM0 kI gAthA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAyakI anya TIkAoM aura niyuktiyoM meM bhI yaha milatI hai aura AcArya prabhAcandrane apane prameyakamalamArtaNDake strI-mukti-vicAra ( nayA eDIzana pR0 131) prakaraNameM isakA ullekha zvetAmbara siddhAntake rUpameM hI kiyA hai. "nAcAlekyaM neSyate ( api ISyateva ) ' Acelakkuddesiya-sejjAhara-rAyapiMDakiyikamme' ityAdeH puruSaM prati dazavidhasya sthitikalpasya madhye tadupadezAt / " ArAdhanAkI 665 aura 666 nambarakI gAthAyeM bhI digambara sampradAyake 1-devo Avazyaka-niyukti gAthA 867-70 / 2-cANDAlinIke lar3akekA muni honA bhI zAyada digambara-sampradAyake anukUla nahIM hai / 3-catArijaNA bhattaM (pANaya) uvakappaMti agilANae pAuggaM / chaMDiyamavagadadosa amAiNo laddhisaMpaNA /

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yApanIya sAhityakI khoja sAtha mela nahIM khAtI haiM / unakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki labdhiyukta aura mAyAcAra. rahita cAra muni glAnirahita hokara kSapakake yogya nirdoSa bhojana aura pAnaka. (peya ) lAveM / isapara paM0 sadAsukhajIne Apatti kI hai aura likhA hai ki " yaha bhojana lAne kI bAta pramANarUpa nAhIM hai|" isI taraha 'sejogAsaNisejo' Adi gAthApara (jo mUlAcArameM bhI hai ) kavivara vRndAvanadAsajIko zaMkA huI thI aura usakA samAdhAna karaneke lie dIvAna amaracandajIko patra likhA thaa| dIvAnajIne uttara diyA thA ki " isameM vaiyAvRtti karanevAlA muni AhAra Adise munikA. upakAra kare; parantu yaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai ki AhAra svayaM hAthase banAkara de / munikI aisI caryA AcArAMgameM nahIM batalAI hai|" 8 ArAdhanAkA cAlIsavA~ 'vijahanA' nAmakA adhikAra bhI vilakSaNa aura digambara sampradAyake lie abhUtapUrva hai, jisameM munike mRta zarIrako rAtri-bhara jAgaraNa karake rakhanekI aura dUsare dina kisI acche sthAnameM vaise hI (binA jalAye) chor3a AnekI vidhi varNita hai / anya kisI digambara granthameM abhI taka yaha pArasI logoM jaisI vidhi dekhane meM nahIM AI hai / 9 nambara 1544 kI gAthAmeM kahA hai ki ghora avamodarya yA alpa bhojanake kaSTase binA saMkleza buddhike bhadrabAhu muni uttama sthAnako prApta hue~ / parantu digambara sampradAyakI kisI bhI kathAmeM bhadrabAhuke isa Unodara-kaSTake sahanakA ullekha nahIM hai / 10 naM0 428 kI gAthA meM AdhAravattva guNake dhAraka AcAryako 'kappavavahAradhArI' vizeSaNa diyA hai aura kalpa-vyavahAra, nizItha sUtra, zvetAmbara sampradAyake prasiddha 1--sejogAsaNisejA taho uvahipaDiliharaNahi uvagAho |-muulaacaar 391 AhArosayabhoyaNavikiMcaNaM vaMdaNAdaNaM // -bhagavatI ArAdhanA 310 2-dekho -- ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM ' zIrSaka lekha / 3-dekho bha0 a0 vacanikAkI bhUmikA pRSTha 12 aura 13 4-omodArie ghorAe bhaddabAhuasaMkilihamadI / ghorAe vigiMchAe paDivaNNo uttamaM ThANaM / / 5-codasa-dasa-Nava-puvvI matAmadI sAyarovva gaMbhIro / kappavavahAradhArI hodi hu AdhAravaM NAma / /

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60 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa grantha haiN| isI taraha 407 nambarakI gArthImeM niryApaka gurukI khojake lie parasaMghameM jAnevAle munikI 'AyAra-jIda-kappaguNadIvaNA' hotI hai| vijayodayA TIkAmeM isa padakA artha kiyA hai, 'AcArasya jItasaMjJitasya kalpasya guNaprakAzanA / ' aura paM0 AzAdharakI TIkAmeM likhA hai, 'AcArasya jIdasya kalpasya ca guNaprakAzanA / etAni hi zAstrANi ratnatrayatAmeva darzayanti / ' paM0 jinadAsazAstrIne hindI arthameM likhA hai ki 'AcArazAstra, jItazAstra aura kalpazAstra inake guNoMkA prakAzana hotA hai / ' arthAt tInoMke matase ina nAmoMke zAstra haiM aura yaha kahanekI jarUrata nahIM ki AcArAMga aura jItakalpa zvetAmbara sampradAyake prasiddha grantha haiM / ___ ina saba bAtoMse merA anumAna hai ki zivArya bhI yApanIya saMdhake AcArya hoMge / paNDita jana sAvadhAnIse adhyayana kareMge to isa tarahakI aura bhI aneka bAteM mUla granthameM unheM mileMgI jo digambara sampradAyake sAtha mela nahIM khAtIM / maine to yahA~ digdarzana mAtra kiyA hai| sAmpradAyika Agrahase aura pANDityake jorase khIMca-tAna karake mela biThAyA jA sakatA hai, parantu itihAsake vidyArthI aise pANDityase dUra rahate haiM, unake nikaTa satyakI khoja hI bar3I cIja hai| ___ antameM maiM phira isa bAtapara jora detA hU~ ki yApanIya saMghake sAhityakI khoja honI cAhie, jo na kevala hamAre prAcIna mandiroMmeM hI banda par3A hai balki vijayodayATIkA aura mUlArAdhanAke samAna use hama abataka kuchakA kucha samajhate rahe haiM / __ apabhraMza bhASAke mahAkavi svayaMbhUko mahApurANa ( puSpadantakRta ) kI TippaNImeM yApanIya saMghakA likhA hai / svayaMbhUke paumacariya aura harivaMzapurANa upalabdha haiN| puSpadantane apane mahApurANameM svayaMbhUkA smaraNa kiyA hai| __ zAkaTAyanane apane eka sUtrameM kahA hai, 'upavizeSavAdinaM kavayaH' ( 1-3104 ) arthAt sAre kavi vizeSavAdise nIce haiM aura vAdirAjasUrine apane pArzvanAthacaritameM unake ' vizeSAbhyudaya' kAvyakI prazaMsA kI hai / ye vizeSavAdi bhI yApanIya saMghake jAna par3ate haiN| 1-AyArajIdakappaguNadIvaNA attsodhinijhNjhaa| ajavamaddava-lAghava-tuTTI palhAdaNaM ca guNAH / / yahI gAthA jarAse pAThAntarake sAtha 130 veM nambarapara bhI hai| usameM ' tuTTI palhAdaNaM ca guNAH ' kI jagaha * bhattI palhAdakaraNaM ca ' pATha hai /

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta granthaparicaya somadevasUrikA 'nItivAkyAmRta' saMskRta sAhitya - sAgarakA eka amUlya aura anupama ratna hai / isakA pradhAna viSaya rAjanIti hai / rAjA aura usake rAjya-zAsanase sambandha rakhanevAlI prAyaH sabhI Avazyaka bAtoMkA isameM vivecana kiyA gayA hai / yaha sArA grantha gadya meM hai aura sUtra -paddhati se likhA gayA hai / isakI pratipAdanazailI bahuta hI sundara, prabhAvazAlinI aura gabhIra hai / bahuta bar3I bAtako eka choTese vAkya meM kaha denekI kalA meM isake karttA siddhahasta haiM / jaisA ki granthake nAmase hI prakaTa hotA hai, isameM vizAla nIti- samudrakA manthana karake sArabhUta amRta saMgraha kiyA gayA hai aura isakA pratyeka vAkya isa bAtakI sAkSI detA hai / yaha grantha 32 samuddezoM meM vibhakta hai aura pratyeka samuddezameM usake nAmake anusAra viSaya pratipAdita haiM / prAcIna rAjanItika sAhitya rAjanIti, cAra puruSArthoM meMse dUsare arthapuruSArthake antargata hai / jo loga yaha samajhate haiM ki prAcIna bhAratavAsiyoMne 'dharma' aura 'mokSa' ko chor3akara anya puruSArthoM kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA, ve isa deza ke prAcIna sAhitya se aparicita haiM / yaha saca hai ki pichale samaya meM ina viSayoMkI orase loga udAsIna hote gaye, inakA paThana pAThana banda hotA gayA aura isa kAraNa inake sambandhakA jo sAhitya thA vaha dhIre dhIre naSTaprAya hotA gayA phira bhI isa bAta ke pramANa milate haiM ki rAjanIti Adi vidyAoM kI bhI yahA~ khUba unnati huI thI aura inapara anekAneka grantha likhe gaye the / ukta granthoMmeMse rAjanItikA mahattvapUrNa grantha 'kauTilIya arthazAstra ' abase

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa lagabhaga 2200 varSa pahale mauryavaMzIya samrATa candraguptake' lie Arya cANakyane nirmANa kiyA thaa| nandavaMzakA samUla uccheda karake usake siMhAsanapara candraguptako AsIna karAnevAle cANakya kitane bar3e rAjanItijJa the, yaha batalAnekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| unakI rAjanItijJatAkA sabase adhika ujjvala pramANa yaha arthazAstra hai| yaha eka adbhuta grantha hai aura usa samayakI zAsana-vyavasthApara aisA prakAza DAlatA hai jisakI pahale kisIne kalpanA bhI na kI thii| ise par3hanese mAlUma hotA hai ki usa prAcIna kAlameM bhI isa dezane rAjanItimeM Azcaryajanaka unnati kara lI thii| isa granthameM manu, bhAradvAja, uzanA ( zukra ), bRhaspati, vizAlAkSa, pizuna, parAzara, vAtavyAdhi, koNapadanta aura bAhudantIputra nAmaka prAcIna AcAryoMke rAjanItisambandhI matoMkA jagaha jagaha ullekha milatA hai / Arya cANakya prAraMbhameM hI kahate haiM ki pRthivIke lAbha aura pAlanake lie pUrvAcAryoMne jitane arthazAstra prasthApita kiye haiM, prAyaH una sabakA saMgraha karake yaha arthazAstra likhA jAtA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki cANakyase bhI pahale isa viSayake anekAneka grantha maujUda the aura cANakyane una sabakA adhyayana kiyA thaa| cANakyake bAdakA eka aura prAcIna grantha upalabdha hai jisakA nAma 'nItisAra' hai aura jise saMbhavataH cANakyake hI ziSya kAmandaka nAmaka vidvAnane arthazAstrako saMkSipta karake likhA hai / arthazAstra prAyaH gadyameM hai; parantu nItisAra zlokabaddha hai| 1 jAna par3atA hai ki candragupta morya jainadharmake upAsaka the| tiloyapaNNatti ' nAmaka prAkRta granthameM-jo vikramakI pA~cavIM zatAbdike lagabhagakA hai-likhA hai ki mukuTadhArI rAjAoMmeM sabase antima rAjA candragupta thA jisane jinadIkSA lii|-dekho lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNati ' zIrSaka lekh| 2 sarvazAstrAnupakramya prayogAnupalabhya ca / kauTilyena narendrArthe zAsanasya vidhiH kRtaH // yena zAstraM ca zastraM ca nandarAjagatA ca bhUH / amarSeNoddhRtAnyAzu tena zAstramidaM kRtam // 3-pRthivyA lAbhe pAlane ca yAvantyarthazAstrANi pUrvAcAryaiH prasthApitAni prAyazastAni saMhRtyaikamidarthazAstraM kRtam / 4-dekho gujarAtI presa bambaIke ' kAmandakIya nItisAra ' kI bhUmikA /

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta yaha bhI apane DhaMgakA apUrva aura prAmANika grantha hai aura arthazAstra ko samajhane meM isase bahuta sahAyatA milatI hai / isameM bhI vizAlAkSa, pulomA, yama Adi prAcIna nItigranthakarttAoM ke matoM kA ullekha hai / kAmandaka ke nItisArake bAda jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM, yaha nItivAkyAmRta grantha hI aisA banA hai, jo ukta donoM granthoMkI zreNI meM rakkhA jA sakatA hai aura jisameM zuddha rAjanItikI carcA kI gaI hai / isakA adhyayana bhI kauTilIya artha- zAstra ke samajhane meM bar3I bhArI sahAyatA detA hai / 63 nItivAkyAmRtake kartAne bhI apane dvitIya grantha ( yazastilaka ) meM guru, zukra vizAlAkSa, bhAradvAjake nItizAstroM kA ullekha kiyA hai' / manuke bhI bIsoM zlokoMko uddhRta kiyA hai / nItivAkyAmRta meM viSNugupta yA cANakyakA aura unake arthazAstrakA ullekha hai / bRhaspati, zukra, bhAradvAja, Adike abhiprAyoMko bhI unhoMne nItivAkyAmRtameM saMgraha kiyA hai, jisakA spaSTIkaraNa nItivAkyAmRtakI - saMskRta TIkA se hotA hai / smRtikAroMse bhI ve acchI taraha paricita mAlUma hote haiN| isase hama kaha sakate haiM ki nItivAkyAmRtake kartA pUrvokta rAjanItike 1 - " nyAyAdavasaramalabhamAnasya cirasevakasamAjasya vizaptaya iva narmasacivoktayaH pratipannakAmacAravyavahAreSu svairavihAreSu mama guruzukavizAlAkSa parIkSitaparAzara bhIma bhISmabhAradvAjAdipraNItanItizAstrazravaNasanAthaM zrutapathamabhajanta / " - yazastilaka campU, AzvAsa 2, pR0 236 / 2 " dUSito'pi careddharma yatra tatrAzrame rataH / " samaM sarveSu bhUteSu na liGgaM dharmakAraNam // " iti kathamidamAha vaivasvato manuH / " - yazastilaka A0 4, pRSTha 100 | yaha loka manusmRti a0 6 kA 66 vA~ loka hai / isake sivAya yazastilaka AzvAsa 4, pR0 9091 - 116 ( prokSitaM bhakSayet ), 117 ( krItvA svayaM ), 127 ( sabhI zloka ) 149 ( sabhI zloka ), 287 ( adhItya ) ye zloka bhI manusmRtimeM jyoMke tyoM milate haiM / yadyapi vahA~ yaha nahIM likhA hai ki ye manuke haiM / ' uktaM ca ' rUpameM hI diye haiM / 3-nItivAkyAmRta pR0 36 sUtra 9, pR0 107 sUtra 4, pR0 171 sU0 14 Adi / 66 4 viprakItAvUDhApi punarvivAhadIkSAmarhatIti smRtikArA: " -- nI0 vA0 pR0 377, sU0 zruteHsmRterbAhyabAhyatare ". - yazastilaka A0 4, pR0 105; 27; -- zrutismRtIbhyAmatIva bAhye " yazastilaka A0 4, pR0 111; " tathA ca smRtiH " pR0 116; aura " iti smRti'kArakIrtitamapramANIkRtya " pR0 287 / 66 ""

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64 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa sAhityase yatheSTa paricita the / bahuta saMbhava hai ki unake samayamai ukta sabakA saba sAhitya nahIM to usakA adhikAMza upalabdha ho / kamase kama pUrvokta AcAyoMke granthoMke sAra yA saMgraha Adi avazya unheM mile hoNge| __ina saba bAtoMse aura nItivAkyAmRtako acchI taraha par3hanese hama isa pariNAmapara pahu~cate hai ki nItivAkyAmRta prAcIna nItisAhityakA sArabhUta amRta hai / jisa taraha kAmandakane cANakyake arthazAstrake AdhArase saMkSepameM apane nItisArakA nirmANa kiyA hai, usI prakAra somadevasUrine unake samayameM jitanA nItisAhitya prApta thA usase aura arthazAstrake AdhArase yaha nItivAkyAmRta nirmANa kiyaa| donoMmeM antara yaha hai ki nItisAra zlokabaddha hai aura nItivAkyAmRta gadya / yahA~ hama arthazAstra aura nItivAkyAmRtake kucha aise avataraNa dete haiM jinase donoMkI samAnatA prakaTa hotI hai 1-duSpraNItaH kAmakodhAbhyAmajJAnAdvAnaprasthaparivrAjakAnapi kopayati, kimaGga punargRhasthAn / apraNIto hi mAtsyanyAyamudbhAvayati / balInabalaM grasate daNDadharAbhAve / -arthazAstra adhyAya 4,15 duSpraNIto hi daNDaH kAmakrodhAbhyAmajJAnAdvA sarvajanavidveSaM karoti / apraNIto hi daNDo mAtsyanyAyamudbhAvayati / balIyAnabalaM grasate ( iti maatsynyaayH)| -nItivA0 pR0 104-5 / 2-brahmacarya cASoDazAdvarSAt / ato godAnaM dArakarma ca / / -artha0 5, 9 / brahmacaryamASoDazAdvarSAttato godAnapUrvakaM dArakarma cAsya / -nI0 167 / 3-purohitamuditoditakulazIlaM SaDaMge vede daive nimitte daNDanItyAM ca abhivinItamApadAM daivamAnuSINAM atharvabhirupAyaizca pratikartAraM kurvIta / __ artha0 9,15 / purohitamuditakulazIlaM SaDaMgavede daive nimitte daNDanItyAmabhivinItamApadAM daivInAM mAnuSINAM ca pratikatAraM kurvIta / -nIti0 pR0 159 / 1 yazastilaka A0 4 pR0 100 meM nItikAra bhAradvAjake SADguNya prastAvake do zloka aura vizAlAkSake kucha vAkya diye haiM / ye vizAlAkSa saMbhavataH ve hI nItikAra haiM jinakA ullekha arthazAstra aura nItisArameM kiyA gayA hai|

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somadevasarikA nItivAkyAmRta 4 paramarmajJaH pragalbhaH chAtraH kApaTikaH |-arth0 a0 11, pR0 7, 3 paramarmajJaH pragalbhaH chAtraH kApaTikaH |-nii0 pR0 173 5-zrUyate hi zukasArikAbhiH mantro bhinnaH zvabhiranyaizca tiryagyonibhiH / tasmAnmantroddezamanAyukto nopagacchet / -artha0 a0 15, pra0 11,40 anAyukto na mantrakAle tiSThet / zrUyate hi zukazArikAbhyAmanyaizca tiryagbhimantra bhedaH kRtH| -nIti0 pR0 118 6-dvAdazavarSA strI prAptavyavahArA bhavati / SoDazavarSaH pumAn / -artha0 dvi0 khaNDa, tR0 a0 1-2 dvAdazavarSA strI SoDazavarSaH pumAn prAptavyavahArau bhavataH / -nIti0 373 isa tarahake aura bhI aneka avataraNa diye jA sakate haiM / parantu isase nItivAkyAmRtakA mahattva kama nahIM hotA / aise viSayoMke granthoMkA adhikAMza bhAga saMgraharUpa hI hotA hai / kyoMki usameM una saba tattvoMkA samAveza to nitAnta Avazyaka hI hotA hai jo granthakartAke pUrva-lekhakoMdvArA usa zAstraka sambandhameM nizcita ho cukate haiN| unake sivAya jo naye anubhava aura naye tattva upalabdha hote haiM unheM hI vaha vizeSarUpase apane granthameM lipibaddha karatA hai aura hamArI samajhameM nItivAkyAmRta aise tattvoMse khAlI nahIM hai| granthakartAkI svataMtra pratibhA aura maulikatA usameM jagaha jagaha prasphuTita ho rahI hai / granthakartAkA paricaya guruparamparA-jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai nItivAkyAmRtake kartA zrIsomadevasUri haiM / ve devasaMghake AcArya the| digambara-sampradAyake suprasiddha cAra saMghoMmeMse yaha eka hai| somadevake gurukA nAma nemideva aura dAdAgurukA nAma yazodeva thaa| yathA zrImAnasti ca devasaMghatilako devo yazaHpUrvakaH ziSyastasya babhUva sadguNanidhiH shriinemidevaahvyH| tasyAzcaryatapaH sthitestrinavaterjeturmahAvAdinAM, ziSyo'bhUdiha somadeva iti yastasyaiSa kAvyakramaH // -yazastilakacampU

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janasAhitya aura itihAsa nItivAkyAmRtakI gadyaprazastise bhI yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki ve nemidevake ziSya the / sAtha hI usameM yaha bhI likhA hai ki ve mahendradeva bhaTTArakake anuja the| ina tInoM mahAtmAoM-yazodeva, nemideva aura mahendradevake sambandhameM hameM aura koI bhI bAta jJAta nahIM hai / na to koI racanA hI upalabdha hai aura na anya kisI granthAdimeM inakA koI ullekha hI milA hai| inake pUrvake AcAryoM ke viSayameM bhI kucha jJAta nahIM hai| somadevasUrikI ziSya-paramparA bhI ajJAta hai| yazastilakake TIkAkAra zrIzrutasAgarasUrine eka jagaha likhA hai ki vAdirAja aura vAdIbhasiMha donoM hI somadevake ziSya the'; parantu isake lie unhoMne jo pramANa diyA hai vaha kisa granthakA hai, yaha nahIM btlaayaa| yazastilakakI racanA zakasaMvat 881 (vikrama 1016) meM samApta huI hai aura vAdirAjane apanA pArzvanAthacarita zaka saMvat (vi0 1082 ) meM pUrNa kiyA hai; arthAt donoMke bIcameM 66 varSakA antara hai / aisI dazA meM unakA guru-ziSyakA nAtA honA durghaTa jAna par3atA hai / isake sivAya vAdirAjake gurukA nAma matisAgara thA aura ve draviDa saMghake AcArya the| aba rahe vAdIbhasiMha, so unake gurukA nAma puSpaNa thA aura puSpapeNa akalaMkadevake gurubhAI the, isalie unakA samaya somadevase bahuta pahale jA par3atA hai| aisI avasthA vAdirAja aura vAdIbhasiMhako somadevakA ziSya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| granthakartAke guru bar3e bhArI tArkika the| unhoMne tirAnave vAdiyoMko parAjita karake vijaya-kIrti prApta kI thii| isI taraha mahendradeva bhaTTAraka bhI digvijayI vidvAn the| unakA 'vAdIndrakAlAnala' upapada isa bAtakI ghoSaNA karatA hai| tArkikatva-zrIsomadevasUri bhI apane guru aura anujake sadRza bar3e bhArI tArkika vidvAn the / ve isa granthakI prazastimeM kahate haiM: alpe'nugrahadhIH same sujanatA mAnye mahAnAdaraH, siddhAnto'yamudAttacitracarite zrIsomadeve mayi / 1 " uktaM ca vAdirAjena mahAkavinA-...sa vAdirAjo'pi zrIsomadevAcAryasya ziSya:vAdIbhasiMho'pi madIyaziSyaH zrIvAdirAjo'pi madIyaziSyaH' ityuktatvAcca / " -yazastilakaTIkA A0 2, pR0 265 2 yazastilakake Upara uddhata hue zlokameM una mahAvAdiyoMkI saMkhyA jinako zrInemidevane parAjita kiyA thA-tirAnave hai; parantu nItivAkyAmRtakI gadyaprazastimeM pacapana hai /

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta yaH spardheta tathApi dapadRDhatAprauDhipragADhAgrahastasyAkharvitagarvaparvatapavirmadvAkkRtAntAyate / / sArAMza yaha ki maiM choToMke sAtha anugraha, barAbarIvAloMke sAtha sujanatA aura bar3oMke sAtha mAn AdarakA vartAva karatA huuN| isa viSayameM merA caritra bahuta hI udAra hai / parantu jo mujhe aiMTha dikhAtA hai, usake lie, garvarUpI parvatako vidhvaMsa karanevAle mere vajra-vacana kAlasvarUpa ho jAte haiM / darpAndhabodhabudhasindhurasiMhanAde, vAdidvipoddalanadurdharavAgvivAde / zrIsomadevamunipe vacanArasAle, vAgIzvaro'pi purato'sti na vAdakAle // bhAva yaha ki abhimAnI paNDita gajoMke lie siMhake samAna lalakAranevAle aura vAdigajoMko dalita karanevAlA durdhara vivAda karanevAle zrIsomadeva munike sAmane, vAdake samaya vAgIzvara yA devaguru bRhaspati bhI nahIM Thahara sakate / yazastilaka campUkI utthAnikAmeM kahA hai AjanmakRdabhyAsAcchuSkAttarkAttRNAdiva mamAsyAH / matisurabherabhavadidaM sUktipayaH sukRtinAM puNyaiH // 17 arthAt merI jisa buddhirUpI gaune jIvana-bhara tarkarUpI sUkhA ghAsa khAyA, usIse sajanoMke puNyase aba yaha kAvyarUpI dugdha utpanna ho rahA hai| isa uktise acchI taraha prakaTa hotA hai ki zrIsomadevasUrine apane jIvanakA bahuta bar3A bhAva tarkazAstrake abhyAsameM hI vyatIta kiyA thaa| unake syAdvAdAcalasiMha, vAdIbhapaMcAnana aura tArkikacakravartI pada bhI isI bAtake dyotaka haiM / parantu ve kevala tArkika hI nahIM the, kAvya, vyAkaraNa, dharmazAstra aura rAjanIti Adike bhI dhuraMdhara vidvAn the / kavitva-unakA yazastilakacampU mahAkAvya isa bAtakA pratyakSa pramANa hai ki ve mahAkavi the aura kAvyakalApara bhI unakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra thaa| samUce saMskRta sAhityameM yazastilaka eka adbhuta kAvya hai aura kavitvake sAtha usameM jJAnakA vizAla khajAnA saMgRhIta hai| usakA gadya bhI kAdambarI, tilakamaJjarI AdikI TakkarakA hai / subhASitoMkA to use Akara hI kahanA cAhie / usakI prazaMsAmeM svayaM granthakarttAne yatra tatra jo sundara padya kahe haiM, ve jAnane yogya haiM

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68 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa asahAyamanAdarza ratnaM ratnAkarAdiva / mattaH kAvyamidaM jAtaM satAM hRdayamaNDanam // 14- prathama AzvAsa samudrase nikale hue asahAya, anAdarza aura sajanoMke hRdayakI zobhA bar3hAvAle ratnakI taraha mujhase bhI yaha asahAya ( maulika ), anAdarza (bejor3a) paura hRdaya maNDana kAvya-ratna utpanna huaa| karNAJjalipuTaiH pAtuM cetaH sUktAmRte yadi / / zrUyatAM somadevasya navyAH kAvyoktiyuktayaH // 246 -dvitIya A0 yadi ApakA citta kAnoMkI aMjulise sUktAmRtakA pAna karanA cAhatA hai, to gomadevakI naI naI kAvyoktiyA~ sunie| lokavittve kavitve vA yadi caaturycnycvH| somadevakaveH sUktiM samabhyasyantu sAdhavaH // 513 // -tRtIya A0 yadi sajanoMkI yaha icchA ho ki ve lokavyavahAra aura kavitvameM cAturya prApta kareM to unheM somadeva kavikI sUktiyoMkA abhyAsa karanA cAhie / mayA vAgarthasaMbhAre bhukte sArasvate rse| kavayo'nye bhaviSyanti nuunmucchissttbhojnaaH||-cturth A0 pR0 165 maiM zabda aura arthapUrNa sAre sArasvata rasa ( sAhitya rasa ) ko bhoga cukA hU~, prataeva aba jo anya kavi hoMge, ve nizcayase ucchiSTabhojI yA jUThA khAnevAle hoMge, ve koI naI bAta na kaha skeNge| arAlakAlavyAlena ye loDhA sAmprataM tu te / / zabdAH zrIsomadevena protthApyante kimadbhutam / / -paM0 A0 165 samayarUpI vikaTa ajagarane jina zabdoMko nigala liyA thA, ataeva jo mRta ho gaye the, yadi unheM zrIsomadevane uThA diyA-jilA diyA to isameM koI Azcarya nahIM honA cAhie / ( isameM ' somadeva' zabda zliSTa hai / soma candravAcI hai aura candrakI amRta-kiraNoMse viSamUJchita jIva saceta ho jAte haiM / ) uddhRtya zAstrajaladhernitale nimagnaiH / / paryAgatairiva cirAdabhidhAnaratnaiH / yA somadevaviduSA vihitA vibhUSA vAgdevatA vahatu samprati tAmanarghAm // 50 A0, pR0 266

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta cirakAlase zAstrasamudra ke bilkula nIce DUbe hue zabda - ratnoM kA uddhAra karake somadeva paNDitane jo yaha bahumUlya AbhUSaNa ( kAvya ) banAyA hai, use zrIsarasvatI devI dhAraNa kareM / 69 ina uktiyoMse isa bAtakA AbhAsa milatA hai ki AcArya somadeva kisa zreNI ke kavi the aura unakA ukta mahAkAvya kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai / pUrvokta uktiyoMmeM abhimAnakI mAtrA vizeSa rahanepara bhI ve aneka aMzoM meM satya jAna par3atI haiM / sacamuca hI yazastilaka zabda - ratnoM kA khajAnA hai aura jisa taraha mAghakAvya ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai, usI taraha yadi kahA jAya ki isa kAvyako par3ha lenepara phira koI nayA zabda nahIM raha jAtA, to kucha atyukti na hogI / isI taraha isake dvArA sabhI viSayoMkI vyutpatti ho sakatI hai / vyavahAradakSatA bar3hAne kI to isameM Dhera sAmagrI hai| mahAkavi somadevake vAkkallolapayonidhi, kavirAjakuMjara aura gadyapadyavidyAdhara cakravartI vizeSaNa unake zreSThakavitvake hI paricAyaka hai / dharmAcAryatva yadyapi abhI taka somadevasUrikA koI svataMtra dhArmika grantha upalabdha nahIM hai, parantu yazastilakake antima do AzvAsa, jinameM upAsakAdhyayana yA zrAvakoMke AcArakA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, isa bAtake sAkSI haiM ki ve dharmake bar3e bhArI marmajJa the / svAmI samantabhadra ke ratnakaraNDake bAda zrAvakoM kA AcArazAstra aisI uttamatA, svAdhInatA aura mArmikatA ke sAtha itane vistRtarUpameM Ajataka kisI bhI vidvAnkI kalama se nahIM likhA gayA / jo loga yaha samajhate haiM ki dharmagrantha to paramparAse cale Aye hue granthoMke anuvAdamAtra hote hai, unameM granthakartA vizeSa kyA kahegA, unheM yaha upAsakAdhyayana avazya par3hanA cAhie aura dekhanA cAhie ki dharmazAstroM meM bhI maulikatA aura pratibhA ke lie kitanA vistRta kSetra hai / nItivAkyAmRta kI prazasti meM likhA hai: --- sakalasamayatarke nAkalaMko'si vAdin na bhavasi samayoktau haMsasiddhAntadevaH / na ca vacanavilAse pUjyapAdo'si tattvaM vadasi kathamidAnIM somadevena sArdham // arthAt he vAdI, na to tU samasta darzana - zAstroMpara tarka karane ke lie akalaMkadevake tulya hai; na jainasiddhAntako kahaneke lie haMsa siddhAntadeva hai aura na vyAka

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70 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa raNameM pUjyapAda hai, phira isa samaya somadevake sAtha kisa biratepara bAta karane calA hai ? ' isa uktise spaSTa hai ki somadevasUri tarka aura siddhAntake samAna vyAkaraNazAstrake bhI paNDita the| / rAjanItijJatA-somadevake rAjanItijJa honekA pramANa yaha nItivAkyAmRta to hai hI, isake sivAya unake yazastilakameM bhI yazodhara mahArAjakA caritracitraNa karate samaya rAjanItikI bahuta hI vizada aura vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| pAThakoMko cAhie ki ve isake lie yazastilakakA tRtIya AzvAsa avazya pddh'eN| yaha AzvAsa rAjanItike tattvoMse bharA huA hai| isa viSayameM vaha advitIya hai| varNana karanekI zailI bar3I hI sundara hai| kavitvakI kamanIyatA aura sarasatAse rAjanItikI nIrasatA na mAlUma kahA~ calI gaI hai| nItivAkyAmRtake aneka aMzoMkA abhiprAya usameM kisI na kisI rUpameM antarnihita jAna par3atA hai| __ jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM jaina vidvAnoM aura AcAryoMmeM-digambara aura zvetAmbara donoMmeM-eka somadevane hI rAjanItizAstrapara kalama uThAI hai| ataeva jaina vidvAnoM dvArA nirmita sAhityameM unakA nItivAkyAmRta advitIya hai| kamase kama aba taka to isa viSayakA koI dUsarA grantha upalabdha nahIM huA hai| 1 akalaMkadeva-aSTazatI, rAjavAtika Adi granthoMke raciyatA / haMsa siddhAntadeva-ye koI saiddhAntika AcArya jAna par3ate haiM / pUjyapAda-jainendra vyAkaraNake kartA devanandi / 2 nItivAkyAmRta aura yazastilakake kucha samAnArthaka vacanoMkA milAna kIjie--- ka-bubhukSAkAlo bhojanakAla:-nI0 vA0, pR0 253 / / cArAyaNo nizi, timiH punarastakAle, madhye dinasya dhiSaNazcarakaH prabhAte / bhuktiM jagAda nRpate mama caiSa sargastasyAH sa eva samayaH kSudhito yadaiva // 328 // -yazastilaka, A0 3, pR0 509 (pUrvokta padyameM cArAyaNa, timi, dhiSaNa aura caraka ina cAra AcAryoke matoMkA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|) kha-kokavadivAkAma: nizibhuJjIta / cakoravannaktaMkAma:divApakam |-nii0 pR0 257 anye vidamAhuHyaH kokavadivAkAmaH sa naktaM bhoktumarhati / sa bhoktA vAsare yazca rAtrau rantA cakoravat // 330 |-yshstilk, A02

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta 2 grantha-racanA- - isa samaya somadevasUrike kevala do hI grantha upalabdha haiMnItivAkyAmRta aura yazastilakacampU / inake sivAya jaisA ki nItivAkyAmRtakI prazastise mAlUma hotA hai tIna grantha aura bhI haiM -- 1 yukticintAmaNi, trivargamahendramAtalisaMjalpa aura 3 SaNNavatiprakaraNa | parantu abhItaka ye kahIM prApta nahIM hue haiM / isa lekha ke antameM jo ' dAna-patra ' diyA gayA hai usameM unheM syAdvAdopaniSat ' kA aura aneka subhASitoMkA bhI karttA batalAyA hai / ukta granthoMmeMse yukticintAmaNi to apane nAmase hI tarkagrantha mAlUma hotA hai, dUsarA zAyada nItiviSayaka ho / mahendra aura usake sArathI mAtalike saMvAdarUpameM usameM trivarga arthAt dharma, artha aura kAmakI carcA kI gaI ho / tIsareke nAmase sivAya isake ki usameM 96 prakaraNa yA adhyAya haiM, viSayakA kucha bhI anumAna nahIM ho sakatA hai / cauthe meM syAdvAda - nyAyakA vivecana hogA' | " 1 1 71 - vizAla adhyayana - yazastilaka aura nItivAkyAmRtake par3hane se mAlUma hotA hai ki somadevasUrikA adhyayana bahuta hI vizAla thA / aisA jAna par3atA hai ki unake samaya meM jitanA sAhitya - nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, nIti, darzana Adi sambandhI upalabdha thA, usa sabase unakA paricaya thA / kevala jaina hI nahIM, jainetara sAhitya se bhI ve acchI taraha paricita the / yazastilaka ke cauthe AzvAsameM ( pR0 113 meM ) unhoMne likhA hai ki urva, bhAravi, bhavabhUti, bhartRhari, bhartRmeNTha, kaNTha, guNADhya, vyAsa, bhArse, vosa, kAlidAsa, bArNe, mayUra, nArAyaNa, kumAra, mAgha aura rAjazekhara Adi mahAkaviyoMke kAvyoM meM nagna kSapaNaka yA digambara sAdhuoM kA ullekha kyoM AtA hai ? unakI itanI adhika prasiddhi kyoM hai ? 1 mANikacanda - granthamAlA ke ' tattvAnuzAsanAdi saMgraha ' meM ' adhyAtmataraMgiNI' nAmakA 40 padyoMkA eka choTA-sA prakaraNa prakAzita huA hai / bambaIke ai0 pannAlAla sarasvatI. bhavanameM isakI jo prati hai usameM isakA nAma ' yogamArga' likhA hai aura yahI nAma ThIka mAlUma hotA hai / saMbhava hai, yaha ' SaNNavatiprakaraNa meM kA hI eka prakaraNa ho athavA anya kisI somadevakA ho / 2 bhAsa mahAkavikA ' peyA surA priyatamAmukhamIkSaNIyaM ' Adi padya bhI pA~caveM AzvAsameM ( pR0 250 ) uddhRta hai / 3 raghuvaMzakA bhI eka jagaha ( AzvAsa4, pR0 194 ) ullekha hai / 4 bANa mahAkavikA eka jagaha aura bhI ( A0 4, pR0 101 ) ullekha hai aura likhA hai ki unhoMne zikArakI nindA kI hai /

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C janasAhitya aura itihAsa isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve pUrvokta kaviyoMke kAvyoMse avazya paricita the / prathama AzvAsake 90 veM pRSThameM unhoMne indra, candra, jainendra, Apizala aura pANinike vyAkaraNoMkA jikra kiyA hai| pUjyapAda ( jainendrake kartA) aura pANinikA ullekha aura bhI eka-do jagaha huA hai / guru, zukra, vizAlAkSa, parIkSita, parAzara, bhIma, bhISma, bhAradvAja Adi nItizAstrapraNetAoMkA bhI kaI jagaha smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| kauTilIya arthazAstrase to ve acchI taraha paricita haiM hii| hamAre eka paNDita mitrake kathanAnusAra nItivAkyAmRtameM sau savA sauke lagabhaga aise zabda haiM jinakA artha vartamAna kozoMmeM nahIM miltaa| arthazAstrakA adhyetA hI unheM samajha sakatA hai / azvavidyA, gajavidyA, ratnaparIkSA, kAmazAstra, vaidyaka Adi vidyAoMke AcAryoMkA bhI unhoMne kaI prasaMgoMmeM jikara kiyA hai / prajApatiprokta citrakarma, varAhamihirakRta pratiSThIkANDa, Adityamaita, nimittAdhyAya, mahAbhArata, ratnaparIkSA, pataMjalikA yogazAstra aura vararuci, vyA~sa, haraprabodha, kumArilakI uktiyoMke uddharaNa diye haiN| saiddhAnti vaizeSika, tArkika vaizeSika, pAzupata, kulAcArya, sAMkhya, dazabala-zAsana, jaiminIya, bArhaspatya, vedAntavAdi, kaNAda 1- pUjyapAda iva zabdaitihyeSu ... paNiputra iva padaprayogeSu " yaza0 A0 2, pR0 236 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-" romapAda iva gajavidyAsu, raivata iva hayanayepu, zukanAza iva ratnaparIkSAsu, dattaka iva kantusiddhAnteSu "--A0 4, pR. 236-237 / -- dattaka ' kAmazAstrake prAcIna AcArya haiM / vAtsyAyanane inakA ullekha kiyA hai| 'cArAyaNa' bhI kAmazAstrake AcArya haiM / inakA mata yazastilakake tIsare AzvAsake 509 pRSThameM carakake sAtha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| 7, 8, , 10, 11-ukta pA~coM granthoMke uddharaNa yaza0 ke cauthe AzvAsake 10 112-13 aura 119 meM uddhRta haiM / mahAbhAratakA nAma nahIM hai, parantu (purANaM mAnavI dharmaH sAMgo vedazcikitsitam ' Adi zloka mahAbhAratase hI uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| 12--taduktaM ratnaparIkSAyAm-' na kevalaM ' Adi; AzvAsa 5, pR0 256 13 - yazastilaka A0 6, pR0 276-77 / 14--15--A0 4, pR0 99 / 16-17-A0 5, pR0 251-54 18-ina saba darzanoMkA vicAra pA~caveM AzvAsake pR0 269 se 277 taka kiyA gayA hai|

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somadevamUrikA nItivAkyAmRta 73 tAthAgata, kApila, brahmAdvaitavAdi, avadhUta Adi darzana-siddhAntoMpara vicAra kiyA hai / inake sivAya mataGga, bhRgu, bharga, bharata, gautama, garga, piMgala, pulaha, puloma, pulasti, parAzara, marIci, virocana, dhUmadhvaja, nIlapaTa, grahila, Adi aneka prasiddha aura aprasiddha AcAryoMkA nAmolekha kiyA hai| bahutase aitihAsika dRSTAntoMkA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaise yavanadeza (yUnAna ?) meM maNikuNDalA rAnIne apane putrake rAjyake lie viSadUSita zarAbake kuralese ajarAjAko, sUrasena (mathurA) meM vasantamatIne viSamaya Alatese raMge hue adharoMse suratavilAsa nAmaka rAjAko, dazArNa ( bhilasA )meM vRkodarIne vipalipta karadhanIse madanArNava rAjAko, magadha dezameM madirAkSIne tIkhe darpaNase manmathavinodako, pANDya dezameM caNDarasA rAnIne kabarImeM chupI huI churIse muNDIra nAmaka rAjAko mAra DAlo / ityAdi / paurANika AkhyAna bhI bahutase Aye haiM / jaise prajApati brahmAkA citta apanI lar3akIpara calAyamAna ho gayA, vararuci yA kAtyAyanane eka dAsIpara rIjhakara usake kahanese madyakA ghar3A uThAyauM, Adi / ina saba bAtoMse pAThaka jAna sakeMge ki AcArya somadevakA jJAna kitanA vistRta aura vyApaka thaa| vicAroMkI udAratA--yazastilakake prArambhake 20 veM zlokameM kahA hai loko yuktiH kalAzchando'laMkArAH smyaagmaaH| sarvasAdhAraNAH sadbhistIrthamArga iva smRtAH // arthAt sajanoMkA kathana hai ki vyAkaraNa, pramANazAstra ( nyAya), kalAyeM, chandaHzAstra, alaMkArazAstra aura ( arhata, jaimini, kapila, cArvAka, kaNAda, buddhAdike) darzanazAstra tIrthamArgake samAna sarvasAdhAraNa haiN| arthAt jisa taraha gaMgAdi tIrthoke mArgapara brAhmaNa bhI cala sakate haiM aura cANDAla bhI, usI taraha 1-dekho AzvAsa 5, pR0 252-55 aura 299 / 2 yazastilaka A0 4, pR0 53 / inhIM AkhyAnoMkA ullekha nItivAkyAmRta ( pR0 232 ) meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| AzvAsa 3-pR0 431 aura 550 meM bhI aise hI kaI aitihAsika dRSTAnta diye gaye haiM / 3 yaza0 A0 4 pR0 138-39 /

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74 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa inapara bhI sabakA adhikAra hai' / isa ukti pAThaka jAna sakate haiM ki unake vicAra jJAnake sambandha meM kitane udAra the | use ve sarvasAdhAraNakI cIja samajhate the aura yahI kAraNa hai jo unhoMne dharmAcArya hokara bhI apane dharmase itara dharma ke mAnanevAloMke sAhityakA bhI acchI tarahase adhyayana kiyA thA, yahI kAraNa hai jo ve pUjyapAda aura bhaTTa akalaMkadevake sAtha pANini AdikA bhI Adarake sAtha ullekha karate haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai jo unhoMne apanA yaha rAjanItizAstra bIsoM jainetara AcAryoM ke vicAroMkA sAra khIMcakara banAyA hai / unakI yaha nIti nahIM thI ki jJAnakA mArga bhI saMkIrNa kara diyA jAya aura saMsArake vizAla jJAna- bhANDArakA upayoga karanA chor3a diyA jAya / granthakartAkA samaya aura sthAna nItivAkyAmRta ke antakI prazasti meM isa bAta kA koI jikra nahIM hai ki vaha kaba aura kisa sthAnameM racA gayA thA; parantu yazastilaka campUke antameM ina donoM bAtoM kA ullekha hai - - A 66 zakanupakAlAtIta saMvatsarazateSvaSTasvekAzItyadhikeSu gateSu aGkataH (881) siddhArthasaMvatsarAntargata caitramAsa madana trayodazyAM pANDya - siMhala - cola - ceramaprabhRtInmahIpatInprasAdhya melepATI prava dhamAnarAjyaprabhAve zrIkRSNarAjadeve sati tatpAdapadmopajIvinaH samadhigatapaJcamahAzabdamahAsAmantAdhipatezcAlukya kulajanmanaH sAmanta 1 " loko vyAkaraNazAstram, yukti: pramANazAstram, samayAgamAH jinajaiminikapilakaNacara cArvAkazAkyAnAM siddhAntAH / sarvasAdhAraNAH sadbhiH kathitAH pratipAditAH / ka iva tIrtha mArga iva / yathA tIrthamArge brAhmaNAzcalanti, cANDAlA api gacchanti, nAsti tatra doSaH / " - zrutasAgarI TIkA / diyA hai / uttara arkATa 2 pANDya = vartamAnameM madrAsakA 'tinevalI ' / siMhala = silona yA laMkA | cola= madarAsakA kAromaNDala | cera= kerala, vartamAna trAvaNakora | mudrita granthameM 'melyATI pATha hai / mahApurANa meM puSpadantane isIkA apabhraMzarUpa ' melAr3i' jilekI vA~divAza tahasIlakA melAr3i gA~va yahI hai / zaka saM0 kRSNa tRtIyakI chAvanI rahI thI / isakA jikra kaI zilAlekhoM aura mahApurANa meM hai / rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa meM hI thI / 881 ke lagabhaga yahA~

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta 75 cUDAmaNeH zrImadarikesariNaH prathamaputrasya zrImadvadyagarAjasya lakSmIpravardhamAnavasudhArAyAM gaGgadhArAyAM vinirmApitamidaM kAvyamiti / " arthAt caitra sudI 13, zakasaMvat 881 ( vikrama saMvat 1036 ) ko jisa samaya zrIkRSNarAjadeva pANDya siMhala, cola, cera Adi rAjAoMko jIta kara melapATI nAmaka senA-zivirameM the usa samaya unake caraNakamalopajIvI sAmanta badigakI-jo cAlukyavaMzIya arikesarIke prathama putra the-rAjadhAnI gaMgadhArAmeM yaha kAvya samApta huaa| kRSNarAjadeva ( tRtIya kRSNa ) rASTrakuTa yA rAThaura vaMzake mahArAjA the aura inakA dUsarA nAma akAlavarSa thaa| ye amoghavarSa tRtIyake putra the / inakA rAjyakAla kamase kama 867 se 894 taka prAyaH nizcita hai / ye dakSiNake sArvabhaumarAjA the aura bar3e pratApI the / inake adhIna aneka mANDalika yA karada rAjya the / kRSNarAjane-jaisA ki somadevasUrine likhA hai--siMhala, cola, pANDya aura cera rAjAoMko yuddha meM parAjita kiyA thA / inake samayameM kanar3I bhASAkA suprasiddha kavi ponna huA hai jo jaina thA aura jisane zAntipurANa nAmaka zreSTha granthakI racanA kI hai / mahArAja kRSNarAja devake darabArase use 'ubhayabhASAkavicakravartI' kI upAdhi milI thii| rASTrakUToMke samayameM dakSiNakA cAlukyavaMza ( solaMkI ) hataprabha ho gayA thA / kyoMki isa vaMzakA sArvabhaumatva rASTrakUToMne chIna liyA thA / ataeva jaba taka rASTrakUTa sArvabhauma rahe taba taka cAlukya unake AjJAkArI sAmanta yA mANDalika rAjA banakara rahe / jAna par3atA hai ki arikesarikA putra baddiga aisA hI eka sAmantarAjA thA jisakI gaMgadhArA nAmaka rAjadhAnImeM yazastilakakI racanA. samApta huI hai| cAlukyoMkI eka zAkhA 'jola' nAmaka prAntapara rAjya karatI thI jisakA eka bhAga isa samayake dhAravAr3a jilemeM AtA hai aura zrIyukta Ara0 narasiMhAcAryake matase cAlukya arikesarIkI rAjadhAnI 'pulagerI' meM thI jo ki isa samaya 'lakSmezvara ke nAmase prasiddha hai / gaMgadhArA bhI zAyada vahI hai / 1 mudrita pustakameM ' zrImadvAgarAjapravardhamAna-' pATha hai /

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76 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa isa arikesarIke hI samayameM kanar3I bhASAkA sarvazreSTha kavi pampa ho gayA hai jisakI racanApara mugdha hokara arikesarIne dharmapura nAmakA eka grAma pAritoSikameM diyA thaa| pampa jaina thaa| usake banAye hue do grantha hI isa samaya upalabdha haiM--eka AdipurANa campU aura dUsarA bhArata yA vikramArjunavijaya / pichale granthameM usane arikesarIkI vaMzAvalI isa prakAra dI hai--yuddhamalla-arikesarInArasiMha--yuddhamalla-baddiga-yuddhamalla-nArasiMha aura arikesarI / ukta grantha zaka saMvat 863 (vi0 998 meM ) samApta huA hai, arthAt vaha yazastilakase koI 18 varSa pahale bana cukA thaa| isakI racanAke samaya arikesarI rAjya karatA thA, taba usake 18 varSa bAda-yazastilakakI racanAke samaya-usakA putra rAjya karatA hogA, yaha sarvathA ThIka a~catA hai / / kAvyamAlAdvArA prakAzita yazastilakameM arikesarIke putrakA nAma 'zrImadvAgarAja' mudrita huA hai| parantu hamArI samajhameM vaha azuddha hai| usakI jagaha ' zrImaddigarAja' pATha honA cAhie / dAnavIra seTha mANikacaMdajIke sarasvatIbhaMDArakI vi0 saM0 1464 kI likhI huI pratimeM ' zrImaddyagarAjasya' pATha hai aura isase hameM apane kalpanA kiye hue pAThakI zuddhatAmeM aura bhI adhika vizvAsa hotA hai| Upara jo hamane pampakavi-likhita arikesarIkI vaMzAvalI dI hai, usapara pAThakoMko jarA bArIkIse vicAra karanA cAhie / usameM yuddhamalla nAmake tIna, arikesarI nAmake do aura nArasiMha nAmake do rAjA haiM / aneka rAjavaMzoMmeM prAyaH yahI paripATI dekhI jAtI hai ki pitAmaha aura pautra yA prapitAmaha aura prapautrake nAma ekase rakkhe jAte the, jaisA ki ukta vaMzAvalIse prakaTa hotA hai / ataeva hamArA anumAna hai ki isa vaMzAvalIke antima rAjA arikesarI (pampake AzrayadAtA ) ke putrakA nAma baddigai hI hogA jo ki lekhakoMke pramAdase 'vadyaga' 1 dakSiNake rASTrakUToMkI vaMzAvalImeM bhI dekhie ki amoghavarSa nAmake cAra, kRSNa yA akAlavarSa nAmake tIna, govinda nAmake cAra, inda nAmake tIna aura karka nAmake tIna rAjA lagabhaga 250 varSake bIcameM hI hue haiM / 2 zraddheya paM0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhAne apane 'solaMkiyoMke itihAsa ' ( prathama bhAga ) meM likhA hai ki somadevasUrine arikesarIke prathama putrakA nAma nahIM diyA hai; parantu aisA unhoMne yazastilakakI prazastike azuddha pAThake kAraNa samajha liyA hai; vAstavameM nAma diyA hai aura vaha 'baddiga' hI hai|

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta 77. yA ' vAga' bana gayA hai| ___ zrIsomadevasUrine nItivAkyAmRtakI racanA kaba aura kahA~para kI thI, isa bAtakA vicAra karate hue hamArI dRSTi usakI saMskRta TIkAke nimnalikhita vAkyoMpara jAtI hai| " atra tAvadakhilabhUpAlamaulilAlitacaraNayugalena raghuvaMzAvasthAyiparAkramapAlitakasya ( kRtsna ) karNakubjena mahArAjazrImahendradevena pUrvAcAryakRtArthazAstraduravabodhagranthagauravakhinnamAnasena subodhalalitalaghunItivAkyAmRtaracanAsu pravartitaH sakalapAriSadatvAnnItigranthasya nAnAdarzanapratibaddhazrotRNAM tattadabhISTazrIkaNThAcyutaviraMcyarhatA vAcanikanamaskRtisUcanaM tathA svaguroH somadevasya ca praNAmapUrvakaM zAstrasya tatkartRtvaM khyApayituM sakalasattvakRtAbhayapradAnaM municandrAbhidhAnaH kSapaNakavratadhartA nItivAkyAmRtakartA nirvighnasiddhikaraM...zlokamekaM jagAda-" pRSTha 2 isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki kAnyakubjanarezvara mahArAjA mahendradevane pUrvAcAryakRta arthazAstra ( kauTilIya arthazAstra ?) kI durbodhatA aura gurutAse khinna hokara granthakartAko isa subodha, sundara aura laghu nItivAkyAmRtakI racanA karane meM pravRtta kiyaa| ___ kannaujake rAjA mahendrapAladevakA samaya vi0 saMvat 960 se 964 taka nizcita huA hai / karpUramaMjarI aura kAvya-mImAMsA Adike kartA suprasiddha kavi rAjazekhara inhIM mahendrapAladevake upAdhyAya the / parantu hama dekhate haiM ki yazastilaka vi0 saMvat 1016 meM samApta huA hai aura nItivAkyAmRta usase bhI pIche banA hai| kyoMki nItivAkyAmRtakI prazastimeM granthakarttAne apaneko yazodharamahArAjacarita yA yazastilaka mahAkAvyakA kartA prakaTa kiyA hai aura isase prakaTa hotA hai ki ukta prazasti likhate samaya ve yazastilakako samApta ka cuke the / aisI avasthA mahendrapAladevase kamase kama 50-51 varSa bAda nIti vAkyAmRtakA racanA-kAla ThaharatA hai / taba samajhameM nahIM AtA ki TIkAkArane somadevako mahendrapAladevakA samasAmayika kaise ThaharA diyA / Azcarya nahIM jo unhoMne kisI sunAI kiMvadantIke AdhArase pUrvokta bAta likha dI ho / 1 dekho nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA ( navIna saMskaraNa ), bhAga 2, aMka 1 meM svagIya paM0 candradhara zarmA gulerIkA ' avantisundarI' zIrSaka noTa /

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78 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa nItivAkyAmRtake TIkAkArakA samaya ajJAta hai; paraMtu yaha nizcita hai ki ve mUla granthakartAse bahuta pIche hue haiM, kyoMki aura to kyA ve unake nAmase bhI acchI taraha paricita nahIM haiM / yadi aisA na hotA to maMgalAcaraNake zlokakI TIkAmeM jo Upara uddhRta ho cukI hai, ve graMthakartAkA nAma 'municandra' aura unake gurukA nAma ' somadeva' na likhate / isase bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki unhoMne pranthakartA aura mahendradevakA samakAlikatva kisI kiMvadantIke AdhArase yA yoM hI likha diyA hai| __somadevasUrine yazastilakameM eka jagaha jo prAcIna mahAkaviyoMkI nAmAvalI dI hai, usameM sabase antima nAma rAjazekharakA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki rAjazekharakA nAma somadevake samayameM prasiddha ho cukA thA, ataeva rAjazekhara unase adhika nahIM to 50 varSa pahale avazya hue hoMge aura mahendradevake ve upAdhyAya the| isase bhI nItivAkyAmRtakA unake samayameM yA unake kahanese bananA kama saMbhava jAna par3atA hai| __ aura yadi kAnyakubja-narezake kahanese sacamuca hI nItivAkyAmRta banAyA gayA hotA, to isa bAtakA ullekha granthakartA avazya karate; balki mahArAjA mahendragaladeva isakA ullekha karaneke lie svayaM unase Agraha karate / isakI apekSA to yaha adhika saMbhava mAlUma hotA hai ki nItivAkyAmRta cAlukya arikesarIke putra baddigake lie hI banAyA gayA ho / nItivAkyAmRtake TIkAkAra saMskRtaTIkA-jisa eka pratike AdhArase yaha TIkA mudrita huI hai, usameM kahIM bhI TIkAkArakA nAma nahIM diyA hai / parantu TIkAkArane granthake AraMbhameM jo maMgalAcaraNakA zloka likhA hai, usase anumAna hotA hai ki unakA nAma bahuta karake ' haribala' hogaa| hariM haribalaM natvA harivarNa hariprabham / harIjyaM ca bruve TIkA nItivAkyAmRtopari // 1 " tathA urva-bhAravi-bhavabhUti-bhartRhari-bhartRmaNTha-guNADhya-vyAsa-bhAsa-bosa-kAlidAsa-bANayUra-nArAyaNa-kumAra-mAgha-rAjazekharAdimahAkavikAvyeSu tatra tatrAvasare bharatapraNIte kAvyAdhyAye sarvajanaprasiddheSu teSu teSUpAkhyAneSu ca kathaM tadviSayA mahatI prasiddhiH / " --yazastilaka A0 4, pR0 113

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta yaha zloka mUla nItivAkyAmRtake nimnalikhita maMgalAcaraNakA bilkula anukaraNa hai somaM somasamAkAraM somAbhaM somasaMbhavam / somadevaM muni natvA nItivAkyAmRtaM bruve // jaba TIkAkArakA maMgalAcaraNa mUlakA anukaraNa hai aura mUlakArane apane maMgalAcaraNameM apanA nAma bhI paryAyAntarase vyakta kiyA hai, taba bahuta saMbhava hai ki TIkAkArane bhI apane maMgalAcaraNameM apanA nAma vyakta karanekA prayatna kiyA ho aura aisA nAma usameM 'haribala' hI ho sakatA hai jisake Age mUlake somadevake samAna ' natvA' pada par3A huA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki haribala TIkAkArake gurukA nAma ho aura yaha isalie ki somadevako unhoMne mUla granthakartAke gurukA nAma samajhA hai| yadyapi yaha kevala anumAna hI hai, parantu yadi unakA yA unake gurukA nAma haribala ho, to isameM koI Azcarya nahIM hai| ____TIkAkArane maMgalAcaraNameM hari yA vAsudevako namaskAra kiyA hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve vaiSNava the| ve kahA~ke rahanevAle the aura kisa samayameM unhoMne yaha TIkA likhI hai, isake jAnanekA koI sAdhana nahIM hai / parantu yaha bAta niHsaMzaya hokara kahI jA sakatI hai ki ve bahuzruta vidvAn the aura eka rAjanItike granthapara TIkA likhanekI unameM yatheSTa yogyatA thii| isa viSayake upalabdha sAhityakA unake pAsa kAphI saMgraha thA aura TIkAmeM usakA pUrA pUrA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| nItivAkyAmRtake adhikAMza vAkyoMkI TIkAmeM usa vAkyase milate julate abhiprAyavAle uddharaNa dekara unhoMne mUla abhiprAyako spaSTa karanekA bharasaka prayatna kiyA hai| vidvAn pAThaka samajha sakate haiM ki yaha kAma kitanA kaThina hai aura isake lie unheM kitane granthoMkA adhyayana karanA par3A hogA; smaraNa-zakti bhI unakI kitanI prakhara hogii| yaha TIkA pacAsoM granthakAroMke uddharaNoMse bharI huI hai| usameM aneka nAma bilkula aparicita haiM aura aneka aise haiM jinake nAma to prasiddha haiM; parantu racanAyeM isa samaya anupalabdha haiM / isa dRSTi se yaha TIkA aura bhI bar3e mahattvakI hai ki isase rAjanIti yA sAmAnyanItisambandhI prAcIna granthakAroMkI racanAke sambandhameM aneka naI naI bAteM mAlUma hogI /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kanar3I TIkA-nItivAkyAmRtapara jaina vidvAnoMke bhI TIkA-grantha hone caahie| paM0 ke0 bhujabali zAstrIne (jai0 si0 bhA0 bhAga 2 aMka 1) kanar3IbhASAke kavi neminAthakI eka kanar3I TIkAkA paricaya diyA hai jo kArakalake jaina chAtrAvAsameM maujUda hai / neminAtha kisI rAjAke sAndhivigrahika maMtrI the aura unhoMne meghacandravidyadeva aura vIranandikA smaraNa kiyA hai| ye meghacandra vahI haiM jinheM AcArasArake kartA vIranandine apanA guru batalAyA hai / zravaNabelgolake zilAlekha naM0 47-50-52 ke anusAra meghacandrakA svargavAsa zaka 1037 ( vi0 saM0 1172) meM huA thA aura vIranandine apane AcArasArakI kanar3I TIkA zaka 1076 ( vi0 saM0 1211) meM likhI thii| neminAthane nItivAkyAmRtakI yaha TIkA vIranandikI AjJAse likhI thii| ataeva unakA samaya vikramakI bArahavIM zatAbdikA anta yA terahavIM zatAbdikA. prAraMbha mAnanA cAhie / yaha TIkA saMbhavataH saMskRtaTIkAke hI AdhArase likhI gaI hai| saMskRta TIkAkArapara AkSepa mANikacanda-granthamAlAmeM jo 'nItivAkyAmRta' prakAzita huA hai, usake saMzodhaka paM0 pannAlAlajI sonIne apanI TippaNiyoMmeM TIkAkArapara kucha AkSepa kiye haiM, 1-TIkAkArane jo manu, zukra aura yAjJavalkyake zloka uddhRta kiye haiM, ve manusmRti, zukranIti aura yAjJavalkyasmRtimeM nahIM haiM / yathA pRSTha 165 kI TippaNI-" zloko'yaM manusmRtau tu nAsti / TIkAkartA svadauSTayena granthakartRparAbhavAbhiprAyeNa bahavaH zlokAH svayaM viracayya tatra tatra sthaleSu vinivezitAH / ' arthAt yaha zloka manusmRtimeM to nahIM hai, TIkAkArane apanI duSTatAvaza mUlakarttAko nIcA dikhAneke abhiprAyase svayaM hI bahutase loka banAkara jagaha jagaha ghuser3a diye haiN| 2-isa TIkAkArane-jo ki nizcayapUrvaka ajaina hai-bahutase sUtra apane matake anusAra svayaM banAkara jor3a diye haiM / yathA pRSTha 49 kI TippaNI-" asya granthasya kartA kazcidajainavidvAnastIti nizcitaM / atastena svamatAnusAreNa bahUni sUtrANi viracayya saMyojitAni / tAni ca tatra tatra nivedyissyaamH|"

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta pahale AkSepake sambandha meM hamArA nivedana hai ki sonIjI vaidika sAhitya aura usake itihAsase sarvathA anabhijJa haiM; phira bhI unake sAhasakI prazaMsA karanI cAhie ki unhoMne manu yA zukra ke nAmake kisI granthake kisI eka saMskaraNako dekhakara hI apanI adbhuta rAya de DAlI / sonIjIne sArI TIkA meM manuke nAmake pA~ca lokoMpara, yAjJavalkyake eka lokapara, aura zukra do zlokoMpara apane noTa diye haiM ki ye zloka ukta AcAryoMke granthoMmeM nahIM haiM / sacamuca hI upalabdha manusmRti, yAjJavalkyasmRti aura zukranIti meM uddhRta zlokoMkA patA nahIM calatA / parantu jaisA ki sonIjI samajhate haiM, isakA kAraNa TIkAkArakI duSTatA yA mUlakartAko nIcA dikhAne kI pravRtti nahIM hai / 81 bAta yaha hai ki hindU dharma - zAstroM meM samaya samaya para bahuta kucha parivartana hote rahe haiM | apane nirmANa - samaya meM ve jisa rUpa meM the, isa samaya usa rUpameM nahIM milate | unake saMkSipta saMskaraNa bhI hue haiM aura prAcIna granthoM ke naSTa ho jAnese ve phira saMgrahIta kiye gaye haiM / isake sivAya eka sthAnakI pratike pAThoMse dUsare sthAnoMkI pratiyoM ke pATha nahIM milate / isa viSaya meM prAcIna sAhitya ke khojiyoM ne bahuta kucha chAna-bIna kI hai aura isa viSayapara bahuta kucha prakAza DAlA hai / kauTilIya arthazAstra kI bhUmikA meM usake suprasiddha sampAdaka paM0 Ara0 zAmazAstrI likhate haiM "atazca cANakyakAlikaM dharmazAstramadhunAtanAdyAjJavalkyadharmazAstradanyadevAsIditi pratibhAti / evameva ye punarmAnava - bArhaspatyauzanasA bhinnAbhiprAyAstatra tatra kauTilyena parAmRSTAH na te'adhunopalabhyamAneSu tataddharmazAstreSu dRzyanta iti kauTilyaparAmRSTAni tAni zAstrANyanyAnyeveti bADhaM suvacam | " arthAt isase mAlUma hotA hai ki cANakyake samayakA yAjJavalkya dharmazAstra vartamAna yAjJavalkya zAstra ( smRti ) se koI judA hI thA / isI taraha kauTilyane apane arthazAstra meM jagaha jagaha bArhaspatya, auzanasa Adise jo apane bhinna abhiprAya prakaTa kiye haiM ve abhiprAya isa samaya milanevAle una dharmazAstroM meM nahIM dikhalAI dete / ataeva yaha acchI taraha siddha hotA hai ki kauTilyane jina zAstroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve inake sivAya dUsare hI the / svargIya bAba ramezacandra dattane apane ' prAcIna sabhyatA ke itihAsa meM likhA

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa hai ki prAcIna dharma-sUtroMko sudhAra kara uttarakAlameM smRtiyA~ banAI gaI haiM--jaise ki manu aura yAjJavalkyakI smRtiyA~ / jo dharmasUtra khoye gaye haiM unameM eka manukA sUtra bhI hai jisase ki pIcheke samayameM manusmRti banAI gaI hai|' ___ yAjJavalkya smRtike suprasiddha TIkAkAra vijJAnezvara likhate haiM, ' yAjJavalkyaziSyaH kazcana praznottararUpaM yAjJavalkyapraNItaM dharmazAstra saMkSipya kathayAmAsa, yathA manuprAktaM bhRguH / ' arthAt yAjJavalkyake kisI ziSyane yAjJavalkyapraNIta dharmazAstrako saMkSipta karake kahA, jisa taraha ki bhRgune manupraNIta dharmazAstrako saMkSipta karake manusmRti likhI hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta donoM smatiyA~, manu aura yAjJavalkyake prAcIna zAstroMke unake ziSyoM yA paramparAziSyoM dvArA nirmita kiye hue sAra haiM aura isa bAtako to sabhI jAnate haiM ki upalabdha manusmRti bhRgupraNIta haiM-svayaM manupraNIta nhiiN| ___ bambaIke gujarAtI presake mAlikoMne kullUkabhaTTakI TIkAke sahita manusmRtikA eka sundara saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA hai / usake pariziSTame 355 zloka aise haiM jo vartamAna manusmRtimeM to nahIM milate haiM; parantu hemAdri, mitAkSarA, parAzaramAdhavIya, smRtiratnAkara, nirNayasindhu Adi granthoM meM manu, vRddha manu aura bRhanmanuke nAmase ' uktaM ca ' rUpameM uddhRta kiye haiN| isake sivAya saikar3oM zloka kSepakarUpameM bhI diye haiM, jinakI kallUka bhaTTane bhI TIkA nahIM kI hai| hamAre jainagranthoM meM bhI manuke nAmase aneka zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiM jo isa manusmRtimeM nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha paM0 ToDaramalajIne apane mokSamArgaprakAzake pA~caveM adhikArameM manusmRtike tIna zloka diye haiM, jo vartamAna manusmRtimeM nahIM haiM / isI taraha -- dvijavadanacapeTa ' nAmaka digambara jainagranthameM bhI manuke nAmase 7 zloka uddhRta haiM jinameMse vartamAna manusmRtimeM kevala 2 milate haiM, zeSa 5 nahIM / 1 ramezabAbUne apane itihAsake cauthe bhAgameM isa samaya milanevAlI pRthak pRthak bIsoM smRtiyoMpara apane vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM aura batalAyA hai ki adhikAMza smRtiyA~ bahuta pIchekI banI huI haiM aura bahutoMmeM-jo prAcIna bhI haiM--bahuta pIche taka naI naI bAteM zAmila kI jAtI rahI haiM / 2 dekho mokSamArgaprakAzakA bambaIkA saMskaraNa, pRSTha0 201 / / 3 . dvijavadanacapeTa ' saMskRta grantha hai| kolhApurake zrIyuta paM0 kallAppA bharamAppA niTavene jainabodhaka 'maiM aura svataMtra pustakAkAra bhI, abase bahuta pahale, marAThI TIkAsahita prakAzita kiyA thaa|

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta zukranIti jo isa samaya milatI hai usake viSayameM to vidvAnoMkI yaha rAya hai ki vaha bahuta pIchekI banI huI hai-pA~ca chaH sau barSase pahalekI to vaha kisI taraha ho hI nahIM sktii| zukrakA prAcIna grantha isase koI pRthak hI grantha thaa'| kauTilIya arthazAstrameM likhA hai ki zukrake matase daNDanIti eka hI rAjavidyA hai, isImeM saba vidyAyeM garbhita haiM; parantu vartamAna zukranItikA karttA cAroM vidyAoMko rAjavidyA mAnatA hai --' vidyAzcatasra evetAH ' Adi ( a0 1 zlo0 51) / ataeva isa zukranItiko zukrakI mAnanA bhrama hai| ina saba bAtopara vicAra karanese hama TIkAkArapara yaha doSa nahIM lagA sakate ki usane svayaM hI zloka gar3hakara manu Adike nAmapara mar3ha diye haiN| hama yaha nahIM kahate ki vartamAna manusmRti ukta TIkAkArake bAdakI hai, isa lie usa samaya yaha upalabdha na hogii| kyoMki TIkAkArase bhI pahale mUlaka" zrIsomadevasUrine bhI manuke bIsoM zloka uddhRta kiye haiM aura ve vartamAna manusmRtimeM milate haiM; ataeva TIkAkArake samayameM bhI yaha manusmRti avazya hogI; parantu isakI jo prati unheM upalabdha hogI, usameM TIkoddhRta zlokoMkA rahanA asaMbhava nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki kisI dUsare granthakarttAne ina zlokoMko manuke nAmase uddhRta kiyA ho aura usa granthake AdhArase TIkAkArane bhI uddhRta kara liyA ho / jaise ki abhI mokSamArgaprakAzake yA dvijavadanacapeTake AdhArase unameM uddhRta kiye hue manusmRtike zlokoMko koI nayA lekhaka apane granthameM bhI likha de / yAjJavalkyasmRtike zlokake viSayameM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| aba rahI zukranIti, so usakI prAcInatAmeM to bahuta hI saMdeha hai / vaha to isa TIkAkArase bhI pIchekI racanA jAna par3atI hai / isake sivAya zukrake nAmase to TIkAkArane do cAra nahIM 170 ke lagabhaga zloka uddhata kiye haiN| to kyA TIkAkArane ve sabake saba hI mUlakAko nIcA dikhAnekI garajase gar3ha liye hoMge ? aura mUlakato isameM apanI koI tauhIna hI nahIM samajhate haiM / unhoMne to apane yazastilakameM na jAne kitane vidvAnoMke vAkya aura padya jagaha jagaha uddhRta karake apane viSayakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dUsarA AkSepa yaha hai ki TIkAkArane svayaM hI bahutase sUtra ( vAkya ) gar3hakara 1 dekho gujarAtI zukranItikI bhUmikA /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 8: mUlameM zAmila kara diye haiM / vidyAvRddhasamuddezake, nIce likhe 21 veM, 23 veM aura 25 veM sUtroMko Apa TIkAkarttAkA batalAte haiM1-" vaivAhikaH zAlIno jAyAvaro'ghoro gRhasthAH // " 21 2-bAlAkhilya audumbarI vaizvAnarAH sadyaHprakSalyakazceti vAnaprasthAH // 23 3-"kuTIrakabahvodakahaMsa-paramahaMsA yatayaH" // 25 / isakA kAraNa Apane batalAyA hai ki mudrita pustakame aura hastalikhita mUlapustakameM ye sUtra nahIM haiM / parantu 1-jaba taka daza pA~ca hastalikhita pratiyA~ pramANameM peza na kI jA sakeM, taba taka yaha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki mudrita aura mUlapustakameM jo pATha nahIM hai ve mUlakAke nahIM hai-Uparase jor3a diye gaye haiM / isa tarahake hIna adhika pATha judI judI pratiyoMmeM akasara milate haiN| 2-mUlaka ne pahale varNoke bheda batalAkara phira AzramoMke bheda batalAye haiMbrahmacArI, gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura yati / phira brahmacAriyoMke upakurvANa, naiSThika, aura kratuprada ye tIna bheda batalAkara unake lakSaNa diye haiM / isake Age gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura yatiyoMke lakSaNa kramase diye haiM; taba yaha svAbhAvika aura kramaprApta hai ki brahmacAriyoMke samAna gRhasthoM, vAnaprasthoM aura yatiyoMke bhI bheda batalAye jAya aura ve hI ukta tIna sUtroMmeM batalAye gaye haiM / taba yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki prakaraNake anusAra ukta tInoM sUtra avazya rahane cAhie aura mUlaka ne hI unheM racA hogA / jina pratiyoMmeM ukta sUtra nahIM haiM; unameM unheM bhUlase hI chUTe hue samajhanA caahie| __ 3-yadi isa kAraNase ye mUlakartAke nahIM hai ki inameM batalAye hue bheda jainamatasammata nahIM haiM, to upakurvANa, kRtuprada Adi brahmacAriyoMke bheda bhI kisI jainagranthameM nahIM likhe haiM, taba unake sambandhake jitane sUtra haiM, unheM bhI mUlaka ke nahIM mAnane caahie| yadi sUtroMke mUlakartAkRta honekI yahI kasauTI ThaharA dI jAya, taba to isa granthakA Adhese bhI adhika bhAga TIkAkArakRta Thahara jaaygaa| kyoMki isameM saikar3oM hI sUtra aise haiM jinakA jainadharmake sAtha kucha bhI sambandha nahIM hai aura koI bhI vidvAn unheM jainasammata siddha nahIM kara sktaa|

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta 85 4 - jisa taraha TIkA - pustaka meM aneka sUtra adhika haiM aura jinheM sonIjI TIkAkartA kI gar3hanta samajhate haiM, usI prakAra mudrita aura mUlapustaka meM bhI kucha sUtra adhika haiM ( jo TIkA pustaka meM nahIM haiM ), taba unheM kisakI gar3hanta samajhanI cAhie ? vidyAvRddhasamuddezake 59 ve sUtra ke Age nimnalikhita pATha chUTA huA hai jo mudrita aura mUlapustaka meM maujUda hai: " sAMkhyaM yogo lokAyataM cAnvIkSikI / bauddhAtoH zruteH pratipakSatvAt ( nAnvIkSikItvaM ), prakRtipuruSajJo hi rAjA sattvamavalambate / rajaH phalaM cAphalaM ca pariharati, tamobhirnAbhibhUyate / " bhalA ina sUtroMko TIkAkArane kyoM chor3a diyA ? isameM kahI huI bAteM to usake pratikUla nahIM thIM ? aura mudrita tathA mUlapustaka donoM hI yadi jainoMke lie vizeSa prAmANika mAnI jAveM to unameM yaha adhika pATha nahIM honA cAhie thaa| kyoMki isameM vedavirodhI hone ke kAraNa jaina aura bauddhadarzanako AnvIkSikIse bAhara kara diyA hai aura mudrita pustaka meM to mUlakartA ke maMgalAcaraNa takakA abhAva hai / vAstavika bAta yaha hai ki na isameM TIkAkArakA doSa hai aura na mudrita karAnevAlekA / jise jaisI prati milI hai usane usIke anusAra TIkA likhI hai aura pATha chapAyA hai / eka pratise dUsarI aura dUsarIse tIsarI isa taraha pratiyA~ hote hote lekhakoMke pramAdase akasara pATha chUTa jAte haiM aura TippaNa Adi mUlameM zAmila ho jAte haiM / pariziSTa abhI hAla hI parabhaNIke zrI zaM0 nA0 jozIko eka tAmrapaTa prApta huA hai, jo bhArata-itihAsa-saMzodhana maMDala pUneke traimAsika patre ( bhAga 13 aMka 3 ) meM prakAzita huA hai / isase kucha naI bAteM mAlUma huI haiM, jo yahA~ prakaTa kI jAtI haiM / tAmrapatrakI pratilipi bhI isa lekha ke sAtha prakAzita kI jAtI hai| isaka lipi kanar3I aura bhASA saMskRta hai / pUrA lekha 51 paMktiyoMmeM tA~be ke tIna patroMpa khudA huA hai jo eka moTe tArameM natthI hai / isakA sArAMza yaha hai pahale maMgalAcaraNa ke padyameM kahA gayA hai ki saMsAra meM usa jainazAsanakI jaya he 1 yaha patra marAThI meM nikalatA hai /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa jisane dharma-cakrake AroMse pApoMko vidalita kara diyA hai, jo trijagatke adhIzvaroMdvArA vaMdanIya hai, maMgaloMkA mandira hai aura atyanta manojJa paMcakalyANarUpI lakSmIko dhAraNa karatA hai / Age kahA hai ki sUryavaMzaMse utpanna hue prasiddha cAlukya ( solaMkI) vaMzameM yuddhamalla nAmakA eka rAjA huA, jo sapAdalakSa ( savAlakha) pradezakA svAmI thA, aura jisane tailase bharI huI vApImeM matta hAthiyoMko snAna karAnekA utsava kiyA / usakA putra arikesarI huA, kaliMgatreya sahita veMgI pradezakI rakSA kii| ( 4 ) arikesarIke candra-sUryake samAna narasiMha aura bhadradeva nAmake do putra hue / ( 5 ) inameMse narasiMhake yuddhamalla nAmakA putra huA aura usake bandIjanoM ( bhAToM) ke lie cintAmaNike tulya baddiga huaa| (6) isane atyanta parAkramazAlI bhIma nAmaka rAjAko jala-yuddhameM anAyAsa hI pakar3a liyaa| (7) baddigake yuddhamalla huA, jo atyanta udAra, parAkramI, kIrti. zAlI aura pratApI thA (8) isake narasiMharAja aura narasiMharAjake arikesarI nAmaka putra huaa| ( 9-11) suprasiddha rASTrakUTa kulakI kanyA lokAMbikA isakI patnI huii| (12) ina donoMse ziva-pArvatIse kArtikeyake samAna bhadradeva nAmaka putra huA / (13) aura usase arikesarI nAmaka tejasvI rAjA huA / (14) zrIgauDasaMghameM yazodeva nAmaka AcArya hue jo munimAnya the aura jinakA ugra tapake prabhAvase zAsana-devatAse samAgama huA / (15) una mahAn Rddhike dhAraka mahAnubhAvake ziSya nemideva hue, jo syAdvAda samudrake usa pAra taka dekhanevAle aura paravAdiyoMke darparUpI vRkSoMke chedaneke lie kuThAra the / ( 16 ) jisa taraha khAnamese aneka ratna nikalate haiM, usI taraha una tapolakSmIpatike bahutase ziSya hue / ( 17) unameM saikar3oMse choTe zrI somadeva paMDita hue, jo tapa, zAstra aura yazake sthAna the| 1 mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 gaurIzaMkarajI ojhAne apane 'solaMkiyoMkA itihAsa meM caulukya narezoMko candravaMzI likhA hai aura isake lie aneka zilAlekhoMke pramANa diye haiN| kevala isI lekhameM sUryavaMzI likhA hai / 2 trikaliMga arthAt tailaMgana yA tilaMgAnA / 3 veMgI rAjyakI sImA uttarameM godAvarI nadI, dakSiNameM kRSNA nadI, pUrvameM samudrataTa aura pazcimameM pazcimI ghATa thii| isakI rAjadhAnI veMgI nagara thI, jo isa samaya peDa veMgI ( godAvarI jilA ) nAmase prasiddha hai|

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta ye bhagavAn somadeva samasta vidyAoMke darpaNa, yazodharacaritake ( yazastilaka campUke) racayitA, syAdvAdopaniSatke karttA, aura dUsare bhI subhASitoMke nirmAtA haiM / tamAma mahAsAmantoMke mastakoMkI puSpamAlAoMse jinake caraNa sugandhita haiM; jinakA yazaHkamala samasta vidvajjanoMke kAnoMkA AbhUSaNa hai aura tamAma rAjA oMke mastaka jinake caraNa-kamaloMse zobhAyamAna hote haiN| __ svasti / zrIpRthivIvallabha mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara paramabhaTTAraka zrImat amoghavarSadevake caraNoMkA dhyAna karanevAle akAlavarSa zrIkRSNarAjedevake sevaka (pAdapadmopajIvI) mahAsAmantAdhipati cAlukyavaMzodbhava aura gandhavAraNa, gandhebha, vidyAdhara, priyagalla, tribhuvanamalla, udAttanArAyaNa, pratyakSavAdali, vikramArjuna, guNanidhi, guNArNava, sAmantacUDAmaNi Adi aneka virudAvaliyoMse zobhita usa arikesarIne apanI laMbulapATaka nAmaka rAjadhAnIke apane pitA zrImat badyagake 'zubhadhAmajinAlaya' nAmaka mandira (basati ) kI marammata ( khaNDasphuTita ), cUnekI kalaI karane ( navasudhAkarma ), aura pUjopahAra car3hAne ke lie. ( balinivedyArtha) zakake 888 varSa bIta jAne aura kSaya saMvatsarake zurU honepara vaizAkha pUrNimA, budhavArake dina pUrvokta zrI somadevasUriko sabbideza sahasrAntargata repAka dvAdazomekA banikaTupulu nAmakA gA~va tribhogAbhyantarasiddhi aura sarvanamasya sahita jaladhArA chor3akara diyaa| usake pUrvameM dariyUru, dakSiNameM ilindikuTa, pazcimameM vellAlapaTu aura uttarameM kaTTAkUru, isa prakAra cAra zAma / 1 rASTrakUTanareza jagattuMgake dUsare putra amoghavarSa tRtIya / 2 amoghavarSa tRtIyake putra / inhIke samayameM yazastilaka campUkI racanA huI thii| 3 nijAma sTeTake karIma nagara z2ilekA 'vemulavADA ' nAmakA gA~va / 4 zrIyuta jI0 eca0 khare mahAzayane gaNanA karake dekhA to mAlUma huA ki vaizAkha pUrNimAko budhavAra nahIM AtA hai / aprela san 966 ko yaha dina par3atA hai / tAmrapaTake likhanevAlekI bhUla jAna par3atI hai| __ 5 zrIyuta khare mahAzayane haidrAbAdake iMjIniara zrIyuta gADagIlakI sahAyatAse sabbi aura dariyUruke sivAya anya saba gA~voMke vartamAna nAmoMkA patA lagA liyA hai| ye saba karImanagara jile meM haiM / inake nAma kramase isa prakAra haiM--repAka, voTuDapulla ( vanikaTupalu ), illandakuTa ( ilindikuTa ), vallam puTalA ( vellAlapaTu), kuTakUra ( kaTTAkUra )

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa sImAoMse yukta ukta gA~va hai / Age 19-20-21-22 naMbarake zloka prAyaH sabhI dAnapatroMmeM pAye jAte haiM, isalie unakA artha likhanekI AvazyakatA nahIM mAlUma hotI / 23 veM zlokameM likhA hai ki yaha 'zubhadhAma jinAlaya'kA zAsana ( dAna) rAjA arikesarIne diyA, kavi peddaNa bhaTTane kahA ( racA) aura reva nAmaka zilpIne utkIrNa kiyA ( khodaa)| 1-isa dAnapatrameM dI huI rASTrakUTanareza zrIkRSNarAjadevake mahAsAmanta cAlukyavaMzI arikesarIkI pUrva-paramparA mahAkavi pampake -- vikramArjunavijaya' (pampa bhArata ) se milatI hai| 2-yazastilakameM arikesarIke prathama putrakA nAma 'vAgarAja' mudrita huA hai / hamane anumAna kiyA thA ki usakI jagaha baddiga honA cAhie, vaha isa lekhase ThIka siddha ho gyaa| 3- yazastilakakI racanA zaka saMvat 881 meM huI thI aura usa samaya arikesarIkA prathama putra baddiga rAjya karatA thaa| yaha dAnapatra usase 7 varSa bAda baddigake putra arikesarIke samayameM utkIrNa huA hai| 4-jisa badigake samayameM yazastilakakI racanA huI hai, vaha jainadharmakA upAsaka hogA, kyoMki usake banavAye hue 'zubhadhAma jinAlaya' nAmaka maMdirake lie usake putra arikesarIne yaha dAna kiyA thaa| 5- zrIsomadavasUrike nItivAkyAmRta aura yazastilaka campU ina do upalabdha granthoMke sivAya yukticintAmaNi, trivargamahendramAtalisaMjalpa aura SaNNavati prakaraNa ina tIna granthoMkA ullekha milatA thaa| parantu isa dAnapatrase syAdvAdopaniSatkA aura bhI patA calatA hai jo ki nItivAkyAmRtake bAdakI racanA hogii| inake sivAya unake anya bhI kucha subhASita the / 6-yazastilakakI prazastike anusAra ye devasaMgha-tilaka yA devasaMghake AcArya 1 mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 gaurIzaMkarajI ojhAne apane -- solaMkiyoMkA itihAsa meM nerUra gA~vase mile hue eka tAmrapatrakA ullekha kiyA hai, jo zaka saMvat 622 (vi0 saM0 757 ) kA hai aura jisake anusAra mahArAjAdhirAja vijayAdityane pUjyapAdake ziSya udayadevako * zaMkhajinendra ' nAmaka jainamandirake nimitta kardama nAmakA gA~va dAna kiyA thA / arthAt somadevasUrise lagabhaga DhAI sau varSa pahale bhI muni dAna liyA karate the|

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta the, parantu isa dAna-patrase spaSTa hotA hai ki gauDasaMghake the aura yaha saMgha abhI taka bilakula hI azrutapUrva hai| jisa taraha AdipurANake kartA jinasenakA senasaMgha yA senAnvaya paMcastUpAnvaya bhI kahalAtA thA, zAyada usI taraha somadevakA devasaMgha bhI gauDasaMgha kahalAtA ho / sambhava hai, yaha nAma dezake kAraNa par3A ho / jaise dravir3a dezakA drAvir3asaMgha, punnATa dezakA punnATasaMgha, mathurAkA mAthurasaMgha, usI prakAra gauDa dezakA yaha gauDasaMgha hogA / gauDa baMgAlakA purAnA nAma hai, usa gauDase to zAyada isa saMghakA koI sambandha na ho; parantu dakSiNameM hI koI gola, gola, yA gauDa deza rahA hai jisakA ullekha zravaNabelagolake aneka lekhoMmeM ( 124, 130, 138, 491 ) milatA hai / gollAcArya nAmake eka AcArya bhI hue haiM jo vIranandike ziSya the aura pahale gola dezake rAjA the| ra-la-DameM bheda nahIM hotA hai, isalie gola aura goDako eka mAnanemeM koI pratyavAya nahIM hai| __ 7-yaha dAnapatra zaka saMvat 888 (vikrama saMvat 1023 ) kA arthAt vikramakI gyArahavIM zatAbdike prathama pAdakA hai| phira bhI usa samaya digambara sampra. dAyake muniyoMmeM caityavAsakA pracAra ho gayA thA, arthAt ve vanoMmeM na rahakara mandiroMmeM rahate the aura mandiroMke lie svayaM unake nAmase gA~va dAna kiye jAte the / yaha saMbhava hai ki ve nama rahate hoM; parantu yazastilakake zabdoMmeM ve pUrva muniyoMkI chAyAmAtra hI the / pichale samayake mahantoM yA bhaTTArakoMkA unheM pUrvaja samajhanA cAhie / mUlAcAra AdimeM varNita muniyoMke caritrase unakI tulanA nahIM ho sktii| svayaM somadevasUri kahate haiM ki "eko munirbhavellabhyo na labhyo vA yathAgamam" arthAt Agamokta muni to ekAdha mile bhI aura na bhI mile / unake samayameM to " etaccitraM yadadyApi jinarUpadharA narAH " yahI Azcarya thA ki aba bhI digambararUpake dhAraNa karanevAle manuSya haiN| 8-isa samaya nijAma rAjyameM jo malakher3a nAmakA choTA-sA gA~va hai vaha usa samaya rASTrakUTa-narezoMkI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa thI, aura isa samaya 'melpADi' nAmakA jo gA~va uttara arkATa jileke vA~divAza tAlukemeM hai, vaha melpATI mAlUma hotA hai / epigrAphiA iMDikAkI jilda 4 pRSTha 278 meM jo ka-hADatAmrapatra prakAzita hue haiM, ve phAguna vadI 13 zakasaMvat 880 ke haiM / usa samaya rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSNarAja (tRtIya) kA mukAma melpATImeM thA aura ukta

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa mukAmapara hI usane tAmrapatrokta dAna kiyA thaa| yazastilakameM somadevasUri bhI caitra sudI 13 zaka saMvat 881 ko kRSNarAjakA melpATImeM mukAma batalAte haiM aura isase bilakula spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki melpATImeM rASTrakUTa nareza kRSNakA kucha samaya taka senAsaniveza rahA thaa| Age dAnapatrakI pratilipi dI jAtI hai oM jayati jagati jainaM zAsanaM dharmacakrakrakacavidAlatainazcakravAlaM namasyam / trijagadadhipavaMdya mandira maMgalAnAM dadhadadhikamanozaM paMcakalyANalakSmIm // 1 // astyAdityabhavo vaMzazcAlukya iti vishrutH| tatrAbhUyuddhamallAkhyaH nRptirvikrmaarnnvH||2 sapAdalakSabhUbhaga tailavApyAM sapodane / avagAhotsavaM cakre zakazrImadadantinAm // 3 sakaliMgatrayAM veMgi yo'vatisma parAkramAt / putro jayazriyaHpAtraM tsyaasiidrikesrii||4 narasiMho bhadradevastejaH kAntinidhI svayaM / tasyAbhUtAM sutau sAkSAtsUryacandramasAviva / / 5 tatrAbhUnarasiMhasya yuddhamallastanUbhavaH / vandicintAmaNistasya badigo'jani nndnH||6 nAnAdurddhariyuddhalabdhavijayazrIsaMgamAkarNanAd bhImaH pANDava eSa ityasuhRdo yasmAtparaH bibhyati / bhImaM bhImaparAkramaikanilayantaM helayaivAgrahId ugraM grAhamivAntaraMbusamare dovikramAd baddigaH / / 7 // audAryanirjitasuradrumakAmadhenordorvikramakramatiraskRtakArtavIryAt / tasmAdajAyata sutaH kamanIyakIrtiH zrIyuddhamalanRpatiH prathitaH pratApaH // 8 // kurvannivAtra nijanAma yathArthamuccairAvirbhavadbhujaparAkramaDaMbareNa / zAtAsi tIvranakharAgravidAritArivakSasthalojanitato narasiMharAjaH // 9 // mAdyadurddharavairivAraNaziraH kuTTAkadoHzAlinaH siMhasyeva sa kesarIha narasiMhasya sphurdvikrmH| tasyAsIdarikesarIti tanayo (yaH) zUnyaM kRtaM zaizavaM yenodyAkSitibhRtpradhAnakaTakAkrAntikRmAkrIDayA // 10 // AryacchatrayugaM himAMzuvizadaM haimAravindAMkitaM __ mAyUrAtapavAraNaM ca kakudaM yadyauvarAjyazriyaH / agre dhAvati yasya samprati sa kiM vayeta vIrAgraNI vIroruparAkramo guNamaNiH sAmantacUDAmaNiH // 11 //

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somadevasUrikA nItivAkyAmRta rASTrakUTakule khyAte jAtA lokAMbikA satI / vIrazrIriva vIrasya tasyAsItsudatI priyA // 12 // bhadradeva iti nandanastayoH zaktimAnsavinayassadakSiNaH / zailarAjatanayAtrinetrayoH kArtikeya iva kIrtimAnabhUt // 13 // tasmAdajani tejasvI rAjA nAmnArikesarI | Anandacandravaccakre kAntyA kuvalayasya yaH // 14 // zrIgauDasaMghe munimAnya kIrtirnAmnA yazodeva iti prajajJe / babhUva yasya tapaH prabhAvAtsamAgamaH zAsana devatAbhiH || 15 || ziSyo bhavattasya maharddhibhAjaH syAdvAdaratnAkarapAradRzvA / zrInemidevaH paravAdidarpadrumAvalIccheda kuThAranemiH || 16 || tasmAttapaHzriyo bharttA ( : ) llo (la) kAnAM hRdayaMgamAH / babhUvurbahavaH ziSyA ratnAnIva tadAkarAt || 17 || teSAM zatasyAvarajaH zatasya tayAbhavatpUrvaja eva dhImAn / zrIsomadevastapasaH zrutasya sthAnaM yazodhAma guNorjitazrIH // 18 // api ca yo bhagavAnAdarzassamasta - vidyAnAM viracayitA yazodharacaritasya karttA syAdvAdopaniSadaH kavi ( vayi ) tA cAnyeSAmapi subhASitAnAmakhilamahAsAma (ntasI) mantaprAntaparyyastottaMsasruksurabhicaraNassakalavidvajjana kaNNavitaMsIbhavadyazaH puNDarIkaH sUrya iva sakalAvanibhRtAM ziraH zroNiSu zikhaNDamaNDanAyamAnapAdapadmobhUt / svastyakAlavarSadevazrIpRthivIvallabhamahArAjAdhirAjaparamezvaraparamabhaTTAraka zrImadamoghavarSadevapAdAnudhyAtapravarddhamAnavijayarAjyazrIkRSNarAjadevapAdapadmopajIvinA // svasti samadhigatapaMcamahAzabdamahAsAmantAdhipatisamastabhuvana saMstUyamAnacAlukyavaMzodbhavapAmba 91 zaMkuzAmmana gandhavAraNagandhebhavidyAdharapriyagallatribhuvanamallodAttanArAyaNapratyakSavAdbalivikramArjjuna guNanidhiguNArNavasAmanta cUDAmaNipramukhAnekaprazastivijayAMkamAlikAlaMkRtena ( leM ) bulapATakanAmadheyanijarAjadhAnyAM nijapituH zrImadvadyagasya zubhadhAmajinAlayAkhyavasa ( teH ) khaNDasphuTitanavasudhAkarmabalinivedyArthe zakAbdeSvaSTAzItyadhikeSvaSTateSu gateSu ( prava) rttamAnakSayasaMvatsaravaizAkhapo ( pau) rNamAsyA (syAM) budhavAre tena zrImadarikesariNA anantaroktAya tasmai zrImatsomadevasUraye sabidezasahastrAntargaterapAkadvAdazagrAmI madhye kuttuMvRtti vanikaTupulanAmA grAmaH tribhogAbhyantarasiddhisarvvanamasyassodakadhArandattaH // tasya pRrvvataH dariyUru / dakSiNataH ilindikuTa /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pazcimataH vellAlapaTTU / uttarataH kaTTAkuru / evaM caturAghATaghaTita bhUmikhAtasUryyottarIyaH // 92 sAmAnyo yandharmmaseturnRpANAM kAle kAle pAlanIyo bhavadbhiH / sarvvAnetAnbhAvi (naH) pArthivendrAnbhUyo bhUyo yAcate rAmacandraH // 19 // bahubhirvvasudhA dattA rAjabhissagarA (dibhiH ) | yasya yasya yadA bhUmistasya tasya tadA phalam // 20 // madvaMzajAH paramahIpativaMzajA vA pApAdapetamanaso (bhu ) vi bhAvi bhUpAH / ye pAlayanti mama dharmmamimaM samastaM teSAM mayA viracitoMjalireSa mUni // 21 // svadattAM paradattAM vA yo hareta vasundharAm / SaSTisahasrANi viSThAyAM jAyate kRmiH || 22 // arikesariNA dattaM kathitaM kavipeddaNena bhaTTena / zAsanamidamutkIrNa zubhadhAmajinAlasya reveNa // 23 //

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa _ jainendra aura aindra mugdhabodhakartA paM0 bopadevane jina ATha vaiyAkaraNoMke nAmoMkA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM eka -- jainendra' bhI hai'| ye jainendra athavA jainendra vyAkaraNake kartA kauna the isa viSayameM itihAsajJoMmeM kucha samaya taka bar3A vivAda calA thaa| DaoN0 kIlahAnane ise jinadeva athavA bhagavAn mahAvIradvArA indrake lie kahA gayA batalAyA thA aura isake subUtameM unhoMne kalpasUtrakI samayasundarakRta TIkA, aura lakSmIvallabhakRta upadezamAlA-karNikAkA yaha ullekha peza kiyA thA ki jinadeva mahAvIra jisa samaya ATha varSake the usa samaya indrane zabdalakSaNasaMbaMdhI kucha prazna kiye aura unake uttararUpa yaha vyAkaraNa batalAyA gayA, isalie isakA nAma jainendra pdd'aa| zvetAmbarasampradAyake aura bhI kaI granthoM meM isa prakArake ullekha milate haiM / kalpasUtrakI vinayavijayakRta subodhikA TIkAmeM likhA hai ki bhagavAnako mAtA1-indrazcandraH kaashkRtsnaapishliishaakttaaynaaH| pANinyamarajainendro jayantyaSTau ca zAbdikAH ||-dhaatupaatth 2 iMDiyana enTikverI 10, pR0 251 3-yadindrAya jinendreNa kaumArepi nirUpitam / aindra jainendramiti tatprAhuH zabdAnuzAsanam / / 4 [ zakraH ] yatra bhagavAn tiSThati tatra paNDitagehe samAjagAma / Agatya ca paNDitayogye Asane bhagavantaM upavezya paNDitamanogatAn sandehAn papraccha, zrItrIropi bAloyaM kiM vakSyatItyutkarNeSu sakalalokeSu sarvANi uttarANi dadau, tato -- jainendravyAkaraNaM ' jajJe / yataH sakko ya tassamakkhaM bhagavaMtaM AsaNe nivesittA / saddassa lakkhaNaM pucche vAgaraNaM avayavA iMdaM //

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pitAne pAThazAlAmeM guruke pAsa par3haneke lie bhejA hai, yaha jAnakara indra svargase AyA aura paNDitake ghara, jahA~ bhagavAn the vahA~, gyaa| usane bhagavAnase paNDitake manameM jo jo sandeha the, una sabako pUchA / jaba saba loga yaha sunaneke lie utkarNa ho rahe the ki dekheM yaha bAlaka kyA uttara detA hai, taba bhagavAn vIrane saba prabhoMke uttara de diye, aura taba 'jainendra vyAkaraNa' bnaa| parantu isa prasaMgake ve saba ullekha apekSAkRta arvAcIna hI haiM jinameM bhagavAnake uttararUpa isa vyAkaraNakA nAma 'jainendra' batalAyA hai / prAcIna ullekhoMmeM isakA nAma jainendrakI jagaha 'aindra' prakaTa kiyA hai, jaisA ki AvazyakasUtrakI hAribhadrIyavRttike pRSTha 182 meM likhA hai| isI prakAra suprasiddha AcArya hemacandrane apane yogazAstrake prathama prakAzameM likhoM hai ki bhagavAnane indrake lie jo zabdAnuzAsana kahA, upAdhyAyane use sunakara lokameM 'aindra' nAmase prakaTa kiyaa| arthAt indrake lie jo vyAkaraNa kahA gayA, usakA nAma 'aindra' huaa| prAcIna kAlameM indranAmaka AcAryakA banAyA huA eka saMskRta vyAkaraNa thaa| usakA ullekha aneka granthoMmeM milatA hai / Upara diye hue bopadevake zlokameM bhI 1-zakrasya tatsamakSaM lekhAcAryasamakSaM bhagavantaM tIrthakaraM Asane nivezya zabdasya lakSaNaM pRcchati / bhagavatA ca vyAkaraNaM abhyadhAyi / vyAkriyante laukikasAmayikAH zabdAH anena iti vyAkaraNaM zabdazAstram / tadavayavAH kecana upAdhyAyena gRhItAH, tatazca aindraM vyAkaraNa saMjAtam / 2-mAtApitRbhyAmanyeyuH prArabdhe'dhyApanotsave / AH sarvajJasya ziSyatvamitIndrastamupAsthita // 56 // upAdhyAyAsane tasminvAsavenopavezitaH / praNamya prArthitaH svAmI zabdapArAyaNaM jagau // 57 / / idaM bhagavatendrAya proktaM zabdAnuzAsanam / upAdhyAyena tacchrutvA lokeSvaindramitIritam // 58 / / 3 DA~0 e0 sI0 barnelane indravyAkaraNake viSayameM cInI tivvatIya aura bhAratIya sAhityameM jo jo ullekha milate hai unako saMgraha karake -- ona di aindraskUla oNpha saMskRta grAmeriyansa ' nAmakI eka bar3I pustaka likhI hai /

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa jo 13 vIM zakSaNaH vizeSaNa diyA hai karttAne devanandiko / usakA nAma hai / harivaMzapurANake karttAne devanandiko 'iMdracaMdrArkajaineMdravyApivyAkaraNakSiNaH ' vizeSaNa diyA hai / zabdArNavacaMdrikAkI tAr3apatravAlI pratimeM, jo 13 vIM zatAbdike lagabhagakI likhI huI mAlUma hotI hai, 'iMdrazcandraH zakaTatanayaH' Adi zlokameM indrake vyAkaraNakA ullekha kiyA hai / bahuta adhika samaya huA yaha naSTa ho gayA hai| jaba yaha upalabdha hI nahIM hai taba isake viSayameM kucha kahanekI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM hotii| yadyapi Ajakalake samayameM isa bAtapara koI bhI vidvAn vizvAsa nahIM kara sakatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrane bhI koI vyAkaraNa banAyA hogA aura vaha bhI mAgadhI yA prAkRtakA nahIM, kintu brAhmaNoM kI khAsa bhASA saMskRtakA / to bhI yaha nissandeha hai ki vaha vyAkaraNa 'jainendra ' to nahIM thaa| yadi banAyA bhI hogA to vaha 'aindra' hI hogaa| kyoM ki haribhadrasUri aura hemacaMdrasUri usIkA ullekha karate haiM, jainendrakA nhiiN| jAna par3atA hai, vinayavijaya aura lakSmIvallabhane pIchese 'aindra' ko hI 'jainendra' banA DAlA hai| unake samayameM bhI 'aindra' aprApya thA, isalie unhoMne prApya -- jainendra' ko hI bhagavAna mahAvIrakI kRti batalAnA vizeSa sukara aura lAbhaprada socaa| haribhadrasUri vikramakI AThavIM zatAbdike aura hemacandrasUri terahavIM zatAdike vidvAn haiM jinhoMne 'aindra' ko bhagavAnakA vyAkaraNa batalAyA hai; paraMtu 'jainendra' ko bhagavatpraNIta batalAnevAle vinayAvajaya aura lakSmIvallabha vikramakI aThArahavIM zatAbdimeM hue haiN| bhagavadvAgvAdinI vinayavijayajIke isa ullekhane bar3A kAma kiyA ki bhagavatpraNIta vyAkaraNakA nAma -- jainendra' hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki bhagavatpraNIta vyAkaraNako 'jainendra' likhate samaya unakA lakSya isa devanandi yA pUjyapAdakRta -- jainendra ' para hI rahA ho; parantu jAna par3atA hai ki ve isa viSayameM ukta ulekhake sivAya aura kucha prayatna nahIM kara sake / yaha kAma bAkI hI par3A rahA ki jainendra vyAkaraNa logoMke samakSa upasthita kara diyA jAya aura use unake kucha samaya bAda vi0 saM0 1797 meM eka vidvAnne pUrA kiyaa| unhoMne sAkSAt 1" tena praNaSTamaindraM tadasmAdyAkaraNaM bhuvi "-kathAsaritsAgara, taraMga 4

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa mahAvIra bhagavAnakA banAyA huA vyAkaraNa taiyAra kara diyA aura usakA dUsarA nAma ' bhagavadvAgvAdinI' rakkhA ! isa bhagavadvAgvAdinIkI eka prati bhANDArakara risarca insTiTayUTameM hai, jo takSaka nagarameM ratnarSi nAmaka lekhakadvArA vi0 saM0 1797 meM likhI gaI thii| isakI patrasaMkhyA 30, aura zlokasaMkhyA 800 hai| prati bahuta zuddha hai| jainendrakA sUtrapATha mAtra hai aura vaha sUtrapATha hai jisapara zabdArNavacandrikA TIkA likhI gaI hai / isa vAgvAdinIke AviSkArakane zakti-bhara isa bAtako siddha karanekA prayatna kiyA hai ki isake karttA sAkSAt mahAvIra bhagavAn haiM, digambarI devanandi nahIM / unakI saba yuktiyA~ hamane isa granthake antameM uddhRta kara dI haiN| una sabapara vicAra karane kI yahA~ AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM hotii| hamArA anumAna hai ki DaoN. kIlahAnake hAthameM yaha 'bhagavadvAgvAdinI' kI prati avazya par3I hogI aura isIkI kRpAse prerita hokara unhoMne apanA pUrvokta lekha likhA hogaa| unake lekhameM jo zlokAdi pramANasvarUpa diye gaye haiM ve bhI saba isI parase liye gaye jAna par3ate haiM / DaoN0 kIlahAna ke isa bhramako sabase pahale sva0 DaoN0 ke0 bI0 pAThakane dUra kiyA aura aba to jainendra vyAkaraNakI kAphI prasiddha ho cukI hai| devanandi aura pUjyapAda zravaNabelgolake zilAlekha naM0 40 ( 64 ) meM likhA hai ki unakA pahalA nAma devanandi thA, buddhikI mahattAke kAraNa ve jinendrabuddhi kahalAye aura devoMne unake caraNoMkI pUjA kI, isa kAraNa unakA nAma pUjyapAda huaa| 1 yo devanandiprathamAbhidhAno buddhayA mahatyA sa jinendrabuddhiH // 2 // zrIpUjyapAdo'jani devatAbhiryatpUjitaM pAdayugaM yadIyam // 3 // jainendraM nijazabdabhAgamatulaM sarvArthasiddhiH parA siddhAnte nipuNatvamuddhakavitAM jainAbhiSekaH svakaH / chandaH sUkSmadhiyaM samAdhizatakaM svAsthyaM yadIyaM vidAmAkhyAtIha sa pUjyapAdamunipaH pUjyo munInAM gaNaiH // 4 //

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa zravaNabelagolake naM0 108 (285) ke maMgarAja kavikRta zilAlekhase bhI jo zakasaMvat 1365 (vi0 saM0 1500 ) kA likhA huA hai, yahI do nAma prakaTa hote haiN| jinendrabuddhi nAmake eka aura vaiyAkaraNa ho gaye haiM jinakA banAyA huA pANini vyAkaraNakI kAzikA vRttipara eka nyAsa hai| ve bodhisattvadezIyAcArya yA bauddha sAdhu the| nandisaMgha-paTTAvalIse bhI devanandikA dUsarA nAma pUjyapAda prakaTa hotA hai| __ inakA saMkSipta nAma 'deva' bhI thaa| AcArya jinasene aura vAdirAjasUrine inheM isI saMkSipta nAmase smaraNa kiyA hai| aneka lekhakoMne unheM kevala devanandi nAmase aura kevala pUjyapAda nAmase smaraNa kiyA hai aura donoM nAmoMse unheM vaiyAkaraNa mAnA hai| mahAkavi dhanaMjayakI nAmamAlAmeM eka zloka hai jisameM pUjyapAdako lakSaNa-grantha ( vyAkaraNa ) kA katI mAnA hai / 1-zrIpUjyapAdoddhRtadharmarAjyastataH surAdhIzvarapUjyapAdaH / yadIyavaiduSyaguNAnidAnI vadanti zAstrANi taduddhRtAni // 15 // dhRtavizvabuddhirayamatra yogibhiH kRtakRtyabhAvamanubibhraduccakaiH / jinavadvabhUva yadanaGgacApahRtsa jinendrabuddhiriti sAdhuvarNitaH / / 16 // shriipuujypaadmunirprtimossdhrddhirjiiyaadvidehjindrshnpuutgaatrH| yatpAdadhautajalasaMsparzanaprabhAvAt kAlAyasaM kila tadA kanakIcakAra // 17 // 2-yaza:kIrtiryazonandI devanandI mahAmatiH / zrIpUjyapAdAparAkhyo guNanandI guNAkaraH / / 3-kavInAM tIrthakRddevaH kiM tasaM tatra varNyate / viduSAM vAGmaladhvaMsi tIrtha yasya vacomayam / / 52 // --AdipurANa pra0 pava 4-acintyamahimA devaH so'bhivaMdyo hitaiSiNA / zabdAzca yena siddhayanti sAdhutvaM pratilaMbhitAH / / 18 / / -pArzvanAthacarita pra0 sarga 5-pramANamakalaMkasya pUjyapAdasya lakSaNam / / dhanaMjayakaveH kAvyaM ratnatrayamapazcimam // 20 //

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janasAhitya aura itahAsa meghacandrako pUjyapAdake samAna vyAkaraNakA jJAtA batalAyA hai| isase pUjyapAdakA vaiyAkaraNa honA siddha hai| ye meghacandra AcArasArake kartA vIranandi siddhAntacakravartike guru the aura inakA svargavAsa zaka saMvat 1037 ( vi0 saM0 1172 ) meM huA thaa| __ anagAradharmAmRtaTIkAkI prazastimeM (vi0 saM0 1300 ) paNDita AzAdharajIne likhA hai ki maiMne jaina nyAya aura jainendra vyAkaraNazAstra paNDita mahAvIrase dhArA nagarImeM par3he-" dhArAyAmapaThajinapramitivAkzAstre mahAvIrataH / " aura 'jinapramitivAkzAstre' kI TIkAmeM likhA hai-" jainendra pramANazAstraM jainendravyAkaraNaM ca / " sAgAra aura anagAradharmAmRtaTIkAmeM unhoMne kaI jagaha vyAkaraNake sUtra diye haiM aura ve devanandikRta isI jainendravyAkaraNake haiM / / vRttavilAsa ( vi0 saM0 1217) ne apane 'dharmaparIkSA' nAmaka kanar3I kAvyakI prazastimeM pUjyapAda AcAryakI bar3I prazaMsA likhI hai aura ve jainendravyAkaraNake racayitA the, isa bAtakA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai / sAtha hI unakI anyAnya racanAoMkA bhI paricaya diyA hai| likhA hai ki vratIndra pUjyapAdane-jinake caraNakamaloMkI aneka bhavya ArAdhanA karate the aura jo vizva-bharakI vidyAoMke zRMgAra the-prakAzamAn jainendra vyAkaraNakI racanA kI, pANinikI TIkA likhI, TippaNadvArA ( sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka tattvArthasUtraTIkA) tattvArthakA arthAvabodhana kiyA aura pRthvIkI rakSAke lie yaMtra-maMtrAdi zAstrakI racanA kii| AcArya zubhacandrane jJAnArNavake prAraMbhameM devanandikI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai ki jinakI vANI dehadhAriyoMke zarIra vacana aura manasambandhI mailako miTA 1-siddhAnte jinavIrasenasadRzaH zAstrAbjinIbhAskaraH, SaTratarkeSvakalaMkadevavibudhaH sAkSAdayaM bhUtale / sarvavyAkaraNe vipazcidadhipaH zrIpUjyapAdaH svayaM, vidyottamameghacandramunipo vAdIbhapaJcAnanaH / / 2-bharadi jainendrabhAsuraM enala oredaM pANinIyakke TIkuM, baredaM tattvArthamaM TippaNadin aripidaM yaMtramaMtrAdizAstrotkaramaM bhUrakSaNArtha viracisi jasamuM tALididaMvizvavidyA-bharaNaM bhavyAliyArAdhitapadakamalaM pUjyapAdaM vratIndram // "

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa detI hai, una devanandIko maiM namaskAra karatA huuN'| unhoMne devanandIkI vANIkI jo vizeSatA batalAI hai, vaha unake tIna granthoMko lakSya karake hai / zarIrake mailako nAza karaneke lie vaidyakazAstra aura vacanakA maila dUra karane ke lie samAdhitaMtra; taba vacana-doSako dUra karanevAlI unakI racanA jaineMdra vyAkaraNa hI ho sakatI hai / inake sivAya vikramakI AThavIM zatAbdike bAda kanar3I bhASAmeM jitane kAvyagrantha likhe gaye haiM, prAyaH una sabhIke prAraMbhika zlokoMmeM pUjyapAdakI prazaMsA kI jainendrakI pratyeka hastalikhita pratike prAraMbhameM jo zloka milatA hai, usameM granthakarttAne ' devananditapUjezaM' padameM jo ki bhagavAnakA vizeSaNa hai apanA nAma bhI prakaTa kara diyA hai| saMskRta prAkRta granthoke maMgalAcaraNoM meM yaha paddhati aneka vidvAnoMne svIkAra kI hai| isase svayaM granthakartAke vacanoMse bhI jainendrake kartA 'devanandi' Thaharate haiN| gaNaratnamahodadhike kartA zvetAmbara vidvAn vardhamAna aura haima zabdAnuzAsanake laghunyAsa banAnevAle kanakaprabha bhI jainenda vyAkaraNake kartAkA nAma devanandi hI batalAte haiN| ataH aba isa viSayameM kisI prakArakA koI sandeha bAkI nahIM raha gayA ki yaha vyAkaraNa devanandi yA pUjyapAdakA banAyA huA hai| 1 apAkurvanti yadvAcaH kAyAvAJcittasaMbhavam / kalaGkamaGginAM so'yaM devanandI namasyate / / 2 dekho hisTrI Apha di kanar3I liTarecara / 3 lakSmIrAtyantikI yasya niravadyA'vabhAsate / devananditapUjezaM namastasmai svayaMbhuve / / ka-nItivAkyAmRtake maMgalAcaraNameM somadeva kahate haiM somaM somasamAkAraM somAbhaM somasaMbhavam / somadevaM muni natvA nItivAkyAmRtaM bruve / / kha--AcArya anantavIrya laghIyastrayakI vRttike prAraMbhameM kahate haiM jinAdhIza muni candrakamalaMkaM punaH punaH / anantavIryamAnaumi syAdvAdanyAyanAyakam // 5 zAlAturIya-zakaTAGgaja-candragomi-digvastra-bhartRhari-vAmana-bhojamukhyAH /

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100 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pahalA jaina vyAkaraNa jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM, jainoMkA sabase pahalA saMskRta vyAkaraNa yahI hai / abhI taka isake pahalekA koI bhI vyAkaraNa-grantha upalabdha nahIM huA hai / zAkaTAyana, siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana Adi saba isase pIcheke haiM / isake sUtra bahuta hI saMkSipta haiM / saMjJAkRta lAghavako bhI isameM svIkAra kiyA hai, jaba ki pANinIyameM saMjJAkRta lAghava grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai| yaha anekazeSa vyAkaraNa hai| do tarahake mUtra-pATha jainendra vyAkaraNake mUla sUtra-pATha do prakArake upalabdha haiM-eka to vaha jisapara AcArya abhayanandikI ' mahAvRtti' tathA zrutakIrtikRta 'paMcavastu' nAmakI prakriyA hai; aura dUsarA vaha jisapara somadevasUrikRta 'zabdArNava-candrikA' aura guNandikRta 'prakriyA' hai| pahale prakArake pAThameM lagabhaga 3000 aura dUsaremeM lagabhaga 3700 sUtra haiM, arthAt ekase dUsaremeM koI 700 sUtra adhika haiM, aura jo 3000 sUtra haiM ve bhI donoMmeM ekase nahIM haiN| arthAt dUsare sUtrapAThameM pahale sUtra-pAThake saikar3oM sUtra parivartita aura parivardhita bhI kiye gaye haiM / pahale prakArakA sUtra-pATha pANinIya sUtra-pAThake DhaMgakA hai, vartamAnadRSTise vaha kucha apUrNa-sA jAna par3atA hai aura isI lie mahAvRttimeM bahutase vArtika tathA upasaMkhyAna Adi banAkara usakI pUrNatA kI gaI dikhalAI detI hai, jaba ki dUsarA pATha prAyaH pUrNa-sA jAna par3atA hai aura isI kAraNa usakI TIkAoMmeM vArtika Adi nahIM dikhalAI dete / donoM pAThoMmeM bahuta-sI saMjJAyeM bhI bhinna prakAra kI haiN| ina bhinnatAoMke hote hue bhI donoM pAThoMmeM samAnatAkI bhI kamI nahIM hai| donoMke adhikAMza sUtra samAna haiM, donoMke prAraMbhakA maMgalAcaraNa bilakula eka hai aura donoMke kartAoMkA nAma bhI devanandi yA pUjyapAda likhA huA milatA hai / asalI mUtrapATha aba prazna yaha hai ki ina donoM se svayaM devanandi yA pUjyapAdakA banAyA huA asalI sUtra-pATha kauna-sA hai ? hamAre khayAlameM AcArya devanandi yA pUjyapAdakA banAyA huA sUtra-pATha vahI hai jisapara abhayanandine apanI mahAvRtti likhI hai / yaha sUtrapATha usa samayataka to ThIka samajhA jAtA rahA jaba taka zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa nahIM bnaa|

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa 101 zAyada zAkaTAyanako bhI jainendra ke hote hue eka judA jaina vyAkaraNa banAnekI AvazyakatA isI lie mahasUsa huI ki jainendra apUrNa hai, aura isalie binA vArtikoM aura upasaMkhyAnoM Adike usase kAma nahIM cala sakatA parantu jaba zAkaTAyana jaisA sarvAGgapUrNa vyAkaraNa bana cukA, taba jainendra vyAkaraNake bhaktoMko usakI truTiyA~ khaTakane lagI aura unameMse AcArya guNanandine use sarvAMgapUrNa banAnekA prayatna kiyaa| isa prayatnakA phala hI yaha dUsarA sUtra-pATha hai jisapara somadevakI zabdArNava-candrikA racI gaI hai / isa sUtra-pAThako bArIkIke sAtha dekhanese mAlUma par3atA hai ki guNanandike samaya taka vyAkaraNa-siddha jitane prayoga hone lage the una sabake sUtra usameM maujUda haiM aura isalie usake TIkAkAroMko vArtika Adi banAneke jhaMjhaToMmeM nahIM par3anA par3A hai / abhayanandikI mahAvRttike aise bIsoM vArtika haiM jinake isa dUsare pAThameM sUtra hI banA diye gaye haiN| 1-zabdArNava-candrikAke antima padyameM suprasiddha guNanandi AcAryake zabdAvameM praveza karaneke lie somadevakRta vRttiko naukAke samAna batalAyA hai| isase jAna par3atA hai ki AcArya guNanandike banAye hue vyAkaraNa granthakI yaha TIkA hai aura usakA nAma zabdArNava hai| isa TIkAkA ' zabdArNava-candrikA' nAma bhI tabhI anvarthaka hotA hai, jaba mUla sUtra-granthakA nAma zabdArNava ho| hamAre isa anumAnakI paSTi prakriyAke antima zlokase aura bhI acchI tarahase ho jAtI hai jisakA Azaya yaha hai ki guNanandine jisake zarIrako vistRta kiyA hai, usa zabdArNavako jAnanekI icchA rakhanevAloMke lie tathA Azraya lenevAloMke lie yaha prakriyA sAkSAt nAvake samAna kAma degii| isameM 'zabdArNava' ko jo gaNananditAnitavapuH' vizeSaNa diyA hai, vaha vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai| usase sApha samajhameM AtA hai ki guNanandike jisa vyAkaraNapara ye donoM TIkAyeM-zabdArNavacandrikA aura prakriyA-likhI gaI haiM usakA nAma 'zabdArNava' hai aura vaha 1-zrIsomadevayatinirmitimAdadhAti yA nauH pratItaguNananditazabdavAauM / seyaM satAmamalacetasi visphurantI vRttiH sadA nutapadA parivartiSISTa / / 2-satsaMdhiM dadhate samAsamabhitaH khyAtArthanAmonnataM, nirjAtaM bahutaddhitaM kRtamihAkhyAtaM yazaHzAlinam / saiSA zrIguNananditAnitavapuH zabdArNavaM nirNayaM, nAvatyAzrayatAM vivikSumanasAM sAkSAtsvayaM prakriyA //

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102 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa mUla ( asalI) jainendra vyAkaraNake saMkSipta zarIrako tAnita yA vistRta karake banAyA gayA hai| zabdArNavacandrikAke prAraMbhakA maMgalAcaraNa bhI isa viSayameM dhyAna dene yogya hai', jisameM granthakartAne bhagavAn mahAvIrake vizeSaNarUpameM kramase pUjyapAdakA, guNanandikA aura apanA ( somAmara yA somadevakA) ullekha kiyA hai aura isase ve nissandeha yahI dhvanita karate haiM ki mukhya vyAkaraNake kartA pUjyapAda haiM, usako vistRta karanevAle guNanandi haiM aura phira usakI TIkA karanevAle somadeva ( svayaM ) haiM / yadi yaha candrikA TIkA pUjyapAdake vyAkaraNakI hI hotI, to maMgalAcaraNameM guNanandikA nAma lAnekI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| guNanandi unakI guru-paramparAmeM bhI nahIM haiM, jo unakA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hotA / ataH yaha siddha hai ki candrikA aura prakriyA donoMke hI kartA yaha samajhate the ki hamArI TIkAyeM asalI jainendrapara nahIM kintu usake 'guNanandi-tAnitavapuH " zabdArNavapara banI haiN| 2-zabdArNava-candrikA aura jainendra-prakriyA ina donoM hI TIkAoMmeM 'ekazeSa' prakaraNa hai; parantu abhayanandikRta 'mahAvRtti' vAle sUtrapAThameM ekazeSako anAvazyaka batalAyA hai-'" svaabhaaviktvaadbhidhaansyaikshessaanaarmbhH|" (1-1-99) aura isI lie devanandi yA pUjyapAdakA vyAkaraNa ' anekazeSa' kahalAtA hai| candrikA TIkAke kartA svayaM hI " AdAvupajJopakramam " ( 1.4-114 ; sUtrakI TIkA udAharaNa dete haiM " devopajJamanekazeSavyAkaraNam / " yaha udAharaNa abhayanandikRta mahAvRttimeM bhI diyA gayA hai| isase siddha hai ki zabdArNava-candrikAke kartA bhI usI vyAkaraNako devopajJa yA devanandikRta mAnate haiM, jo anekazeSa hai, arthAt jisameM 'ekazeSa' prakaraNa nahIM hai aura aisA vyAkaraNa vahI hai jisakI TIkA abhayanandine kI hai| ____3-AcArya vidyAnandi apane tattvArthazlokavArtika pRSTha 265 meM 'naigamasaMgraha-' Adi sUtrakI vyAkhyA karate hue likhate haiM, " nayazca nayau ca nayAzca nayA 1-zrIpUjyapAdamamalaM guNanandidevaM somAmaravratipapUjitapAdayugmam / siddhaM samunnatapadaM vRSabhaM jinendraM sacchandalakSaNamahaM vinamAmi vIram / / 2 isa prakriyAkA bhI nAma 'zabdArNava-prakriyA ' hogA, jainendra-prakiyA nhiiN|

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa 103 ityekazeSasya svAbhAvikasyAbhidhAne darzanAt keSAMcittathA vacanopalambhAcca na viruddhayate / " isameM svAbhAvikatAke kAraNa, ekazeSakI anAvazyakatA pratipAdana kI hai aura yaha anAvazyakatA jainendra ke vAstavika sUtra-pAThameM hI upalabdha hotI hai| " svAbhAvikatvAdabhidhAnasyaikazeSA nArambhaH" (1-1-99) yaha sUtra zabdArNavavAle pAThameM nahIM hai, ataH vidyAnanda bhI pUrvokta sUtravAle jainendra pAThake mAnanevAle the / pAThakoMko yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki upalabdha vyAkaraNoMmeM 'anekazeSa' vyAkaraNa kevala devanandikRta hI hai, dUsarA nahIM / 4-tattvArtha-TIkA 'sarvArthasiddhi ke kartA svayaM pUjyapAda yA devanandi haiM / isa TIkA adhyAya 5, sUtra 24 kI vyAkhyA karate hue ve likhate haiM, " 'anyato'pi' iti tasi kRte sarvataH / " aura isI sUtrakI vyAkhyA karate hue rAjavArtikakAra likhate haiM, " ' dRzyate'nyatopAti' tasi kRte sarveSu bhaveSu sarvata iti bhavati / " jAna par3atA hai ki yA to sarvArthasiddhikArane isa sUtrako saMkSepa karake likhA hogA, yA lekhakoM tathA chapAnevAloMne prAraMbhakA ' dRzyate ' zabda chor3a diyA hogA / vAstavameM yaha pUrA sUtra ' dRzyate'nyatopi' hI hai aura yaha abhayanandivAle sUtra-pAThake a0 4 pA0 7 kA 75 vA~ sUtra hai / parantu zabdArNavavAle pAThameM na to yaha sUtra hai aura na isake pratipAdyakA vidhAnakartA koI dUsarA sUtra hai| isase siddha hai ki pUjyapAdakA asalI sUtrapATha vahI hai jisameM ukta sUtra maujUda hai| 5-bhaTTAkalaMkadevane tattvArtharAjavArtikameM 'Aye parokSa' (a0 1, sU0 11) kI vyAkhyAne " sarvAdi sarvanAma / " ( 1-1-35 ) sUtrakA ullekha kiyA hai, isI taraha paNDita AzAdharane anagAradharmAmRtaTIkA (a0 7 zlo0 24) meM " stoke pratinA" (1-3-37) aura 'bhArthe " (1-4-14 ) ina do sUtroMko uddhRta kiyA hai aura ye tInoM hI sUtra jainendrake abhayanandivRttivAle sUtrapAThameM hI haiM / zabdArNavavAle pAThameM inakA astitva hI nahIM hai / ataH akalaMkadeva aura paM0 AzAdhara isI abhayanandivAle pAThako hI mAnanevAle the / akalaMkadeva vi. kI AThavIM nauvIM zatAbdike aura AzAdhara 13 vIM zatAbdike vidvAn haiM / 6-60 zrIlAlajI zAstrIne zabdArNava-candrikAkI bhUmikAme likhA hai ki " AcArya pUjyapAdane svanirmita ' sarvArthasiddhi' meM ' pramANanayairadhigamaH ' ( a0 1 sU. 6) kI TIkAmeM yaha vAkya diyA hai-' nayazabdasyAlpAntaratvAtpUrva

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104 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa nipAtaH prApnoti naiSa doSaH abhyarhitvAtpramANasya ttpuurvnipaatH|' aura abhayanandivAle pAThameM isa viSayakA pratipAdana karanevAlA koI sUtra nahIM hai| kevala abhayanandikA 'abhyarhitaM pUrva nipatati' vArtika hai| yadi abhayanandivAlA sUtra-pATha ThIka hotA to usameM isa viSayakA pratipAdaka sUtra avazya hotA jo ki nahIM hai / para zabdArNavavAle pAThameM ' arye' ( 1-3-115) aisA sUtra hai jo isI viSayako pratipAdita karatA hai| isalie yahI sUtra-pATha devanandikRta hai|" isapara hamArA nivedana yaha hai ki " alpActaram' (2-2-34 / yaha sUtra pANinikA hai aura isake Upara kAtyAyanakA " abhyarhitaM ca" vArtika tathA pataMjalikA " abhyarhitaM pUrva nipatati " bhASya hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki pUjyapAdane apanI sarvArthasiddhi-TIkAke isa sthalameM pANini aura pataMjalike hI sUtra tathA bhASyako lakSya karake ukta vidhAna kiyA hai| aba prazna hogA ki jaba sarvArthasiddhikAra svayaM eka vyAkaraNake kartA haiM, taba unhoMne pANinikA aura usake bhASyakA Azraya kyoM liyA ? uttara yaha hai ki pUjyapAda svAmI sarvArthasiddhikI racanAke samaya apanA vyAkaraNa bhale hI banA cuke hoM, parantu usane vizeSa prasiddha lAbha nahIM kI thI aura isa kAraNa svayaM unake hI hRdayameM usakI itanI pramANatA nahIM thI ki ve anya prasiddha vyAkaraNoM, unake vArtikoM aura bhASyoMko sarvathA bhulA deM yA unakA Azraya na leN| yaha nizcaya hai ki unhoMne apanI sarvArthasiddhi meM anya vaiyAkaraNoMke bhI mata diye haiM aura aneka bAra pataMjalike mahAbhASyake vAkya / sarvArthasiddhi a0 4 sUtra 22 kI vyAkhyAmeM likhA hai-" yathAhuH-dvatIyAM kriyA hI kaha rahI hai ki granthakartA yahA~ kisI anya puruSakA vacana de rahe haiM / aba pataMjalikA mahAbhASya dekhie / usameM 1-2-1 ke 5 veM vArtikake bhASyameM bilakula yahI vAkya diyA huA hai--eka akSarakA bhI heraphera nahIM hai / isase spaSTa hai ki sarvArthasiddhike karttAne anya vyAkaraNa-granthoMke bhI pramANa diye haiN| 1 tattvArtharAjavArtikameM isI pramANanayairadhigama: ' sUtrakI vyAkhyAmeM pataMjalikA yaha bhASya jyoMkA tyoM akSarazaH diyA hai / abhayanandikA bhI yahI vArtika hai / parantu taba taka abhayanandikA astitva hI na thA / 2 rAjavArtika aura zlokavArtikameM bhI yaha vAkya uddhRta kiyA gayA hai /

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa 105 sarvArthasiddhi a0 7 sUtra 16 kI vyAkhyAmeM likhA hai, "zAstre'pi 'azvavRSayomathunecchAyAmi' tyevamAdiSu tadeva gRhyate / " yaha pANinike 7-1-51 sUtrapara kAtyAyanakA pahalA vArtika hai / vahA~ " azvavRSayomaithunecchAyAm " itane zabda haiM aura inhIMko sarvArthasiddhikArane liyA hai / yahA~ kAtyAyanake vArtikako unhoMne ' zAstra' zabdase vyakta kiyA hai / sarvArthasiddhi a0 5 sUtra 4 kI vyAkhyA meM 'nitya' zabdako siddha karane ke lie pUjyapAda svAmI likhate haiM, "neH dhruve tyaH iti niSpAditatvAt / " parantu jainendrameM 'nitya' zabdako siddha karanevAlA koI sUtra hI nahIM hai, isa lie abhayanandine apanI vRttimeM " yestuT" ( 3-2-81 ) sUtrakI vyAkhyAmeM " nevaH iti vaktavyam" yaha vArtika banAyA hai aura 'niyataM sarvakAlaM bhavaM nityaM ' isa taraha spaSTa kiyA hai / jainendra meM 'tya' pratyaya hI nahIM hai, isake badale 'ya' pratyaya hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki sarvArthasiddhikArane pUrvokta bAta svanirmita vyAkaraNako lakSyameM rakhakara nahIM kahI hai| anya vyAkaraNoMke pramANa bhI ve dete the aura yaha pramANa bhI usI tarahakA hai| kucha sthAnoMmeM unhoMne apane nijake sUtra bhI diye haiN| jaise pA~caveM adhyAyake vyAkhyAnameM likhA hai " 'vizeSaNaM vizeSyeNa' iti vRttiH / " yaha jainendrakA 1-3-52 vA~ sUtra hai| yaha sUtra zabdArNava-candrikA (1-3-48) vAle pAThameM bhI hai| ina saba pramANoMse yaha bAta acchI taraha siddha ho jAtI hai ki jainendrakA asalI sUtra-pATha vahI hai jisapara abhayanandikRta vRtti hai / zabdArNava-candrikAvAlA pATha asalI sUtra-pAThako saMzodhita aura parivardhita karake banAyA gayA hai aura usakA yaha saMskaraNa saMbhavataH guNanandi AcAryakRta hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki jaba guNanandine mUla graMthameM itanA parivartana aura saMzodhana kiyA, taba usa parivartita granthakA nAma jainendra hI kyoM rakkhA ? isake uttarameM nivedana hai ki eka to zabdArNava-candrikA aura jainendra-prakriyAke pUrvollikhita zlokoMse guNanandike vyAkaraNakA nAma 'jainendra' nahIM kintu 'zabdArNava' mAlUma 1 tattvArtharAjavArtikameM bhI hai " zAstre'pi azvavRSayomathunecchAyAmityevamAdau tadeva karmAkhyAyate / "

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa hotA hai / sambhava hai ki ardha-dagdha lekhakoMkI kRpAse ina TIkA graMthoMmeM 'jainendra' nAma zAmila ho gayA ho / dUsare yadi 'jainendra' nAma ho bhI, to aisA kucha anucita nahIM hai| kyoM ki guNanandikA prayatna koI svataMtra graMtha banAnekI icchAse nahIM kintu pUrvanirmita 'jainendra'ko sarvAMgapUrNa banAnekI sadicchAse hai aura isIlie unhoMne jainendrake Adhese adhika sUtra jyoMke tyoM rahane diye haiM, tathA maMgalAcaraNa Adi bhI usakA jyoMkA tyoM rakkhA hai| ___ hamArA vizvAsa hai ki guNanandi isa saMzodhita aura parivartita sUtra-pAThako hI taiyAra karake na rahe gaye hoMge, unhoMne isapara koI vRtti yA TIkA-grantha bhI avazya likhA hogA, jo upalabdha nahIM hai| sanAtana jainagraMthamAlAmeM jo jainendra-prakriyA chapI hai, vaha jaisA ki hama Age siddha kareMge guNanandikI banAI huI nahIM hai / jainendrakI TIkAyeM pUjyapAdasvAmIkRta asalI jainendrakI isa samaya taka kevala cAra hI TIkAyeM upalabdha haiM-1 abhayanandikRta 'mahAvRtti,' 2 prabhAcandrakRta 'zabdAMbhojabhAskara nyAsa', 3 AryazrutakIrtikRta 'paMcavastu prakriyA', aura 4 paM0 mahAcandrakRta 'laghu jainendra' / parantu inake sivAya isakI aura bhI kaI TIkAyeM honI caahie| paMcavastu ke antake zlokameM jainendra zabdAgama yA jainendra vyAkaraNako mahalakI upamA dI hai| vaha mUlasUtrarUpa stambhoMpara khar3A kiyA gayA hai, nyAsarUpa usakI bhArI ratnamaya bhUmi hai, vRttirUpa usake kivAr3a haiM, bhASyarUpa zayyAtala hai, TIkArUpa usake mAla yA maMjila haiM aura yaha paMcavastu TIkA usakI sopAnazreNI hai| isake dvArA ukta mahalapara ArohaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki paMcavastuke kartAke samayameM isa vyAkaraNapara 1 nyAsa, 2 vRtti, 3 bhASya aura 4 kaI TIkAe~, itane TIkA-grantha bhaujUda the / nyAsa-ukta TIkAoMmeMse 'nyAsa' to zAyada svayaM pUjyapAdakA hI 1 sUtrastambhasamuddhRtaM pravilasannyAsoruratnakSiti zrImadvRttikapATasaMpuTayutaM bhASyo'thazayyAtalam / TIkAmAlamihArurukSuracitaM jainendrazabdAgamaM prAsAdaM pRthupaMcavastukamidaM sopAnamArohatAt / /

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa 107. hogA jo abhI taka anupalabdha hai| zimogA jilekI nagara tahasIlake 46 veM zilAlekhameM likhA hai ki pUjyapAdane eka to ( apane vyAkaraNapara ) jainendra-saMjJaka nyAsa aura dUsarA pANini vyAkaraNapara zabdAvatAra nAmaka nyAsa banAyA / isake sivAya vaidyakazAstra aura tattvArtha-TIkA bhI likhI / ___ yaha nizcaya hai ki pUjyapAda kevala sUtra-grantha banAkara hI na raha gaye hoMge / apanI mAnI huI atizaya sUkSma saMjJAoM aura paribhASAoMkA spaSTIkaraNa karaneke lie unheM koI TIkA yA vRtti avazya banAnI par3I hogI jisa taraha ki zAkaTAyanane apane vyAkaraNapara amoghavRtti nAmakI svopajJaTIkA banAI / ___ AcArya vidyAnandane aSTasahasrI ( pRSTha 132 ) meM 'pyakhe karmaNyupasaMkhyAnAt kA ' yaha vacana uddhRta kiyA hai / yaha kisI vyAkaraNa granthakA vArtika hai; parantu pANinike kisI bhI vArtikameM yaha nahIM miltaa| abhayanandikI mahAvRttimeM avazya hI " pyakhe karmaNi kA vaktavyA" ( 4-1--38) isa prakArakA vArtika hai; parantu abhayanandikI vRtti vidyAnandase pIchekI banI huI hai, isalie vidyAnandane yaha vArtika abhayanandikI vRttise nahIM kintu anya hI kisI granthase liyA hogA aura vaha svayaM pUjyapAdakRta nyAsa hogA / bhASya-jainendrake bhASyakA abhI taka patA nahIM lgaa| Age hama upalabdha TIkAgranthoMkA paricaya dete haiM 1-mhaavRtti| isakI eka prati pUneke bhANDArakara risarca insTiTayUTameM maujUda hai aura eka prati bambaIke sarasvatI-bhavanameM bhI hai| pUnekI pratimeM isakI zlokasaMkhyA 12000 ke lagabhaga hai| prAraMbhake 314 patra eka lekhakake likhe hue aura zeSa 74 patra, caitra sudI 2 saM0 1933 ko kisI dUsare lekhakake likhe hue haiM / pratike donoM hI bhAga jayapurake likhe hue mAlUma hote haiM / kaI sthAnoMmeM 1-nyAsaM jainendrasaMzaM sakala budhanutaM pANinIyasya bhUyo nyAsaM zabdAvatAraM manujatatihitaM vaidyazAstraM ca kRtvA / yastattvArthasya TIkAM vyaracayadiha tAM bhAtyasau pUjyapAda svAmI bhUpAlavandhaH svaparahitavacaH pUrNadRgbodhavRttaH / / 2 naM0 590 A aura / san 1875-76 kI riporTa /

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108 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kucha paMktiyA~ chUTI huI haiM' aura antameM koI prazasti Adi nahIM hai| isa mahAvRttike kartA abhayanandi muni haiM / unhoMne na to apanI guruparamparAkA hI paricaya diyA hai aura na grantha-racanAkA samaya hI diyA hai parantu sUtra 3-2-55 kI TIkAmeM eka jagaha udAharaNa diyA hai" tattvArthavArtikamadhIyate / " isase mAlUma hotA hai ki bhaTTAkalaMkadevake bAda arthAt vi0 kI AThavIM navIM zatAbdike bAda-aura paMcavastuke pUrvollikhita zlokameM isI vRttikA ullekha jAna par3atA hai, isa lie Arya zrutakIrtike arthAt vikramakI bArahavIM zatAbdike pahale kisI samayameM ve hue haiM / jainendrakI upalabdha TIkAoMmeM yahI TIkA sabase prAcIna mAlUma hotI hai| 2 zabdAMbhojabhAskara nyAsa / bambaIke sarasvatI-bhavanameM isakI do apUrNa pratiyA~ maujUda haiN| eka pratimeM 14 ve patrase 299 taka aura phira 620 veM patrase 703 taka hI patra haiN| 14 veM patrapara pahale adhyAyake pahale pAdakA 19 vA~ sUtra cAlU hai aura 703 pejapara cauthe adhyAyake tIsare pAdakA 211 vA~ sUtra hai / yaha prati bahuta prAcIna aura zuddha hai parantu Agase jhulasI huI hai| dUsarI pratimeM kevala tIna adhyAya haiN| isakI zloka saMkhyA 12000 hai / isase jAna par3atA hai ki sampUrNa grantha 16000 ke lagabhaga hogaa| ___ abhayanandikI vRttise yaha bar3A hai aura usase pIche banA hai / isameM mahAvattike zabda jyoMke tyoM le liye gaye haiM aura tIsare adhyAyake antake eka zlomeM abhayanandiko namaskAra bhI kiyA hai| 1-oM namaH / zrImatsarvazavItarAgatadvacanatadanusArigurubhyo namaH / devadevaM jinaM natvA sarvasattvAbhayapradam / zabdazAstrasya sUtrANAM mahAvRttirviracyate / / 1 / / yacchandalakSaNamasuvrajapAramanyairavyaktamuktamabhidhAnavidhau dridraiH| tatsarvalokahRdayapriyacAruvAkyairvyaktIkarotyabhayanandimuniH samastam / / 2 // ziSTAcAraparipAlanArthamAdAviSTadevatAnamaskAralakSaNaM maMgalamidamAhAcAryaH / ityabhayanandiviracitAyAM jainandravyAkaraNamahAvRttau paJcamAdhyAyasya caturthaH pAdaH samAptaH / samAptazcAyaM paJcamo'dhyAyaH / 2-namaH zrIvardhamAnAya mahate devanandine / prabhAcandrAya gurave tasmaicAbhayanandine / /

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa 109 isake kartA prabhAcandrAcArya haiM aura ve prameyakamalamArtaNDa aura nyAyakumudacandrake hI kartA mAlUma hote haiM / kyoMki isake prAraMbhameM hI yaha kahA gayA hai ki anekAntakI carcA ukta donoM granthoM meM kI gaI hai, isa lie yahA~ nahIM krte| avazya hI isameM unhoMne apane hI granthoMko dekhane ke lie kahA hai, " atha ko'yamanekAnto nAmetyAha-astitvanAstitvanityatvAnityatvasAmAnyAsAmAnyAdhikaraNyavizeSaNavizeSyAdiko'nekAntaH svabhAvo yasyArthasyAsAvanekAntaH anekAntAtmaka ityarthaH / tatra ca pratiSThitamithyAvikalpakalpitAzeSavipratipattiH pratyakSAdipramANameva pratyastamayatIti (2) taddhitatayA tadAtmakatvaM cArthasya adhyakSatonumAnAdezca yathA siddhayati tathA prapaMcataH prameyakamalamArtaNDe nyAyakumudacandre ca pratirUpitamiha dRSTavyam / isake maMgalAcaraNameM pUjyapAda aura akalaMkako namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| antakI prazasti dekhaneko milI nahIM / usase zAyada kucha vizeSa prakAza pdd'e| 3-paMcavastu / bhAMDArakara risarca insTiTayUTameM isakI do pratiyA~ maujUda haiM, jinameM eka 300-400 varSa pahale kI likhI huI hai aura bahuta zuddha hai / patrasaMkhyA 91 hai / isapara lekhakakA nAma aura prati likhanekA samaya Adi nahIM hai| isake antameM kevala itanA likhA huA hai " kRtiriyaM devanaMdyAcAryasya paravAdimathanasya / / chA / / zubhaM bhavatu lekhakapAThakayoH / / zrIsaMghasya // " dUsarI prati ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAravacanikA Adi aneka bhASAgranthoMke racayitA. suprasiddha paNDita sadAsukhajIke hAthakI saMvat 1910 kI likhI huI hai| 1 naM0 1059 san 1887-91 kI riporTa / 2 naM0 590 san 1875-76 kI riporTa | isa granthakI eka prati paratAbagar3ha ( mAlavA ) ke purAne di0 janamandirake bhaMDA. rameM bhI hai / dekho jainamitra tA0 26 agasta 1915 / / 3-abda nabhazcandravidhisthirAMke zuddhasahaya'ma (?) yukcaturthyAm / satprakriyAbandhanibandhaneyaM sadvastuvRttIradanAtsamAptA (?) zrImannarANAmadhivezarAjJi zrIrAmasiMhe vilasatyalokhe / zrImadvadheneha sadAsukhena zrIyukphatelAlanijAtmabuddhathai / / zAbdIyazAstraM paThitaM na yaistaiH svadehasaMpAlanabhAravadbhiH / kiM darzanIyaM kathanIyametad vRthAMgasaMdhAvapalApavadbhiH // yaha prati bhI prAyaH zuddha hai|

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa yaha TIkA prakriyA-baddha hai aura bar3e acche DhaMga se likhI gaI hai| isakI zlokasaMkhyA 3300 ke lagabhaga hai / prAraMbhake vidyArthiyoMke lie bar3I upayogI hai / isa granthake Adi-antameM kahIM bhI karttAkA nAma nahIM hai / kevala eka jagaha 1 pA~caveM patra meM nAma AyA hai, jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki paMcavastuke racayitA Arya zrutakIrti haiM / 110 88 -- candra kanar3I bhASAke candraprabhacarita nAmaka grantha ke kartA aggala kavine zrutakIrtiko apanA guru batalAyA haiidu paramapurunAthakulabhUbhRtsamudbhUtapravacanasaritsarinAtha- zrutakIrtitraividyacakravartipadapadmanidhAnadIpavartizrImadaggaladeva viracite prabhacarite- ityAdi / aura yaha carita zaka saMvat 1011 ( vi0 saM0 1146) meM banakara samApta huA hai / ataeva yadi Arya zrutakIrti aura zrutakIrti traividya' cakravarti eka hI hoM to paMcavastuko bhI abhayanandi mahAvRttike pIche kI-- vikramakI bArahavIM zatAbdi ke prAraMbhakI -- racanA samajhanA cAhie / naMdisaMghakI gurvAvalI meM zrutakIrtiko vaiyAkaraNa - bhAskara likhA hai / ye nandisaMgha, dezIyagaNa aura pustakagacchake AcArya the / zrutakIrti nAmake aura bhI kaI AcArya ho gaye haiM / " 4 - laghu jainendra | isakI eka prati aMkalezvara ( bharoMca) ke digambara jainamandira hai aura dUsarI adhUrI prati paratAgar3ha mAlavA ) ke purAne di0 jainamaindirameM / yaha abhayanandikI vRttike AdhArase likhI gaI hai| paNDita mahAcandrajI vikramakI isI bIsavIM zatAbdi ke granthakartA haiM / inhoMne saMskRta, - yAma - vaira-varNa-kara-caraNAdInAM saMdhInAM bahUnAM saMbhavatvAt saMzayAnaH ziSyaH saMpRcchatisma / kassandhiriti / saMjJAsvaraprakRtihaljavisargajanmA saMdhistu paMcaka itItthamihAhuranye / tatra svaraprakRtiharUjavikalpato'sminsaMdhiM tridhA kathayati zrutakIrtirAryaH // 2 - traividyaH zrutakIrtyAkhyo vaiyAkaraNa bhAskaraH / 3 dekho jainamitra tA0 26 agasta 1915 | :- mahAvRttiM zuMbhatsakalabudhapUjyAM sukhakarIM, vilokyodyadjJAnaprabhuvibhayanandIpravahitAm / anekaiH sacchabdairbhramavigatakaiH saMdRDhabhUtAM ( ? ) prakurve'haM (TIkAM ) tanumatimahAcandravibudhaH ( ? )

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devanAnda aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa 111 prAkRta aura bhASAmeM kaI grantha likhe haiM / 5-jainendra-prakriyA / yaha nyAyatIrtha nyAyazAstrI paM0 baMzIdharajIne hAla hI likhI hai / isakA kevala pUrvArdha hI chapakara prakAzita huA hai / zabdArNavakI TIkAyeM jainendra-sUtra-pAThake saMzodhita parivardhita saMskaraNakA nAma-jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai-zabdArNava hai| isake kartA AcArya guNanandi haiM / yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki sUtra-pAThake sivAya unhoMne isakI koI TIkA yA vRtti bhI banAI ho jo ki abhItaka upabdha nahIM huI hai / __ guNanandi nAmake kaI AcArya ho gaye haiM / eka guNanandikA ullekha zravaNabelgolake 42, 43 aura 47 veM nambarake likhAlekhoMmeM milatA hai / ye balAkapicchake ziSya aura gRdhrapicchake praziSya the / tarka, vyAkaraNa aura sAhitya zAstroMke bahuta bar3e vidvAn the / inake 300 zAstrapAraMgata ziSya the aura unameM 72 ziSya siddhAntazAstrI the| Adi paMpake guru devendra bhI inhIMke ziSya the| karnATaka-kavi caritake kIne inakA samaya vi0 saMvat 957 nizcaya kiyA hai| kyoMki inake ziSya devendrake ziSya Adi paMpakA janma vi0 saM0 959 meM huA thA aura usane 39 varSakI avasthAmeM apane suprasiddha kanar3I kAvya bhAratacampU aura AdipurANa nirmANa kiye haiM / hamArA anumAna hai ki ye hI guNanandi zabdArNavake kartA hoNge| candraprabhacarita mahAkAvyake kartA vIranandikA samaya zaka saMvata 900 ke lagabhaga nizcita hotA hai| kyoM ki vAdirAjasUrine apane pArzvanAthakAvyameM unakA smaraNa kiyA hai aura vIranandikI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai-1 zrI guNanandi, 2 vibudha guNanandi, 3 abhayanandi aura 4 vIranandi / yadi pahale guNanAnda aura vIranandike bIcameM hama 78 varSakA antara mAna leM, to pahale guNanandikA samaya vahI zaka saMvat 822 yA vi0 saM0 957 ke lagabhaga A jAyagA / isase yaha nizcaya hotA hai ki vIranandikI guruparamparAke prathama guNanandi aura Adi pampake 1-tacchiSyo guNanandipaNDitayatizcAritracakrezvaraH, tarkavyAkaraNAdizAstranipuNaH sAhityavidyApatiH / mithyAtvAdimadAndhasindhuraghaTAsaMghAtakaNThIravo, bhavyAmbhojadivAkaro vijayatAM kandarpadopahaH //

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112 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa . guru devendrake guru guNanandi eka hI hoMge aura jaisA ki hama pahale likha cuke haiM bahuta saMbhava hai ki ye hI zabdArNavake karttA ho / ___ guNanandi nAmake eka aura AcArya zaka saMvat 1037 (vi0 saM0 1172) meM hue haiM jo meghacandra vidyake guru the| zabdArNavakI isa samaya do TIkAyeM upalabdha haiM aura donoM hI sanAtanajainagranthamAlAmeM chapa cukI haiM-- 1 zabdArNavacandrikA, aura 2 zabdArNava-prakiyA / 1 zabdArNava-candrikA / isakI eka bahuta hI prAcIna aura atizaya jIrNa prati bhANDArakara risarca inTiTayUTameM hai / yaha tAr3apatrapara nAgarI lipimeM hai / isake Adi-antake patra prAyaH naSTa ho gaye haiN| chapI huI pratimeM jo gadya-prazasti hai, vaha isameM nahIM hai aura antameM eka zloka hai jo pUrA nahIM par3hA jAtA indrazcaMdraHzakaTatanayaH pANiniH pUjyapAdo yatprovAcApizaliramaraH kAzakRtsna......zabdapArAyaNasyeti / isake kartA zrIsomadeva muni haiM / ye zilAhAra vaMzake rAjA bhojadeva (dvitIya) ke samayameM hue haiM aura arjurikA nAmaka grAmake tribhuvanatilaka nAmaka jainamandirameM--jo ki mahAmaNDalezvara gaMDarAdityadevakA banavAyA huA thA- unhoMne ise zaka saMvat 1127 ( vi0 saM0 1262 ) meM banAyA hai| yaha grAma isa samaya AjareM nAmase prasiddha hai aura kolhApura rAjyameM hai| vAdIbhavajrAMkuza zrIvizolakIrti paNDitadevake vaiyAvRtyase isa granthakI racanA huI hai / 1 naM0 25 san 1880-88 kI riporTa / 2 ye vizAlakIrti ve hI mAlUma hote haiM jinakA ullekha paM0 AzAdharane apane anagAradharmAmRtakI prazastikI TIkAmeM 'vAdIndra vizAlakIrti ' ke nAmase kiyA hai aura jinako unhoMne nyAyazAstrameM pAraMgata kiyA thaa| paM0 AzAdhara vi0 saM0 1249 ke lagabhaga dhArAmeM Aye the aura vi0 saM0 1300 taka unake astitvakA patA lagatA hai / ata: ve somadevakA vaiyAvRtya karanevAle vizAlakIrti ho sakate haiN| paM0 AzAdharake pAsase par3hakara hI ve dakSiNakI ora cale Aye hoNge| 3 svasti zrIkolhApuradezAMtarvArjurikAmahAsthAnayudhiSThirAvatAramahAmaNDalezvaragaMDarAdityadevanirmApitatribhuvanatilakajinAlaye zrImatparamaparameSThizrIneminAthazrIpAdapadmArAdhanabalena vAdIbhavajrAMkuzazrIvizAlakIrtipaMDitadevavaiyAvRtyataH zrImacchilAhArakulakamalamArtaNDateja:puMjarAjAdhirAjapara

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa 113 isa granthake maMgalIcaraNake pahale zlokameM pUjyapAda, guNanandi aura somadeva ye vizeSaNa vIra bhagavAnako diye haiM aura dUsare zlokameM kahA hai ki yaha TIkA mUlasaMghIya meghacandra ke ziSya nAgacandra ( bhujaMgasudhAkara ) aura unake ziSya haricandra yatike lie banAI jAtI hai / guNanandikI prazaMsA curAdi dhAtupAThake antameM bhI eka padyameM kI gaI hai, jisakA antima caraNa yaha hai-" zabdabrahmA sa jIyAdguNanidhiguNanaMdivatI. zassusaukhyaH / " isameM zabdabrahmA vizeSaNa dekara guNanandiko zabdArNava-vyAkaraNakA kartA hI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / ye meghacandra AcArasArake kartA vIranandi siddhAntacakravartIke guru hI mAlUma hote haiN| inheM siddhAntajJatAmeM jinasena aura vIrasenake sadRza, nyAyameM akalaMkake samAna aura vyAkaraNameM sAkSAt pUjyapAdasadRza batalAyA hai| zravaNabelgolake naM0 47, 50 aura 52 nambarake zilAlekhoMse mAlUma hotA hai ki inakA svargavAsa zaka saMvat 1037 ( vi0 saM0 1172) meM aura unake zubhacandradeva nAmaka ziSyakA svargavAsa zaka saMvat 1068 ( vi0 saM0 1203) meM huA thaa| tathA unake dUsare ziSya prabhAcaMdradevane zaka saM0 1041 (vi. saM0 1176 ) meM eka mahApUjApratiSThA karAI thii| jaba somadevane zabdArNavacandrikA meghacandra ke praziSya haricandrake lie zaka saM0 1127 (vi0 saM0 1262 ) meM banAI thI, taba meghacandrakA samaya vi0 saM0 1172 ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai| mezvaraparamabhaTTArakapazcimacakravartizrIvIrabhojadevavijayarAjye zakavakasahasrakazatasaptaviMzati 1127 tamakrodhanasaMvatsare svasti samastAnavadyavidyAcakracakravartizrIpUjyapAdAnuraktacetasA zrImatsomadevamunIzvareNa viraciteyaM zabdArNavacandrikA nAma vRttiriti / iti zrIpUjyapAdakRtajainendramahAvyAkaraNaM sampUrNam / " 1-zrIpUjyapAdamamalaM guNanandidevaM somAmaravratipapUjitapAdayugmam / siddhaM samunnatapadaM vRSabhaM jinendraM sacchabda lakSaNamahaM vinamAmi vIram // 1 // zrImUlasaMghajalajapratibodhabhAnormeghendudIkSitabhujaMgasudhAkarasya / rAdvAntatoyanidhitraddhikarasya vattiM rebhe harIdayataye varadIkSitAya // 2 //

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114 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa nAgacandra nAmake do vidvAn ho gaye haiM, eka pampa rAmAyaNake kartA nAgacandra jinakA dUsarA nAma abhinava pampa thA, aura dUsare labdhisAraTIkAke kartA nAgacandra / pahale gRhastha the aura dUsare muni / abhinava pampake gurukA nAma bAlacandra thA jo meghacandra ke sahAdhyAyI the aura dUsare svayaM bAlacandra ke ziSya the| ina dUsare nAgacandrake ziSya haricandrake lie yaha vRtti banAI gaI hai| inheM jo 'rAddhAntatoyanidhivRddhikara' vizeSaNa diyA hai usase mAlUma hotA hai, ki ye siddhAntacakravartI yA siddhAnta zAstroMke jJAtA yA TIkAkAra hoMge / 2-zabdArNava-prakriyA / yaha jainendra prakriyAke nAmase chapI hai; parantu vAstavameM isakA nAma zabdArNava-prakriyA hI hogaa| hameM isakI koI hastalikhita prati nahIM mila skii| jisa taraha abhayanandikI vRttike bAda usIke AdhArase prakriyArUpa paMcavastu TIkA banI hai, usI prakAra somadevakI zabdArNava-candrikAke bAda usIke AdhArase yaha prakriyA banI hai| prakAzakoMne isake kartAkA nAma guNanandi prakaTa kiyA hai; parantu jAna par3atA hai ki isake antima zlokameM guNanandikA nAma dekhakara hI unhoMne bhramavaza isake karttAkA nAma guNanandi samajha liyA hai| 1 chapI huI pratike antameM " iti prakriyAvatAre kRdvidhi: samApta: / samApteyaM prkriyaa|" isa taraha chapA hai / isase bhI isakA nAma jainendra-prakriyA nahIM jAna pdd'taa| 2 satsaMdhiM dadhate samAsamabhitaH khyAtArthanAmonnataM nitiM bahutaddhitaM kRtamihAkhyAtaM yazaHzAlinam / saiSA zrIguNananditAnitavapuH zabdArNavaM nirNaya nAvatyAzrayatAM vivikSumanasAM sAkSAtsvayaM prakriyA // 1 duritamadebhanizuMbhakumbhasthalabhedanakSamogranakhaiH / rAjanmRgAdhirAjo guNanandI bhuvi ciraM jIyAt // 2 sanmArge sakalasukhapriyakare saMjJApite sadane digvAsassucaritravAnamalakaH kAMto vivekI priyaH / soyaM yaH zrutakIrtidevayatipo bhaTTArakottaMsako raMramyAnmama mAnase kavipatiH sadrAjahaMsazciram // 3

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa inameMse pahale padyase yaha spaSTa hai ki guNanandike zabdArNavake lie yaha prakriyA nAvake samAna hai aura dUsare padyameM kahA hai ki siMhake samAna guNanandi pRthvIpara sadA jayavanta raheM / yadi isake kartA svayaM guNanandi hote to ve svayaM hI apane lie yaha kaise kahate ki ve guNanandi sadA jayavanta raheM ? isase to sAfa prakaTa hotA hai ki guNanandi granthakartAse koI pRthak hI vyakti hai jise vaha zraddhAspada samajhatA hai / tIsare padyameM bhaTTArakaziromaNi zrutakIrti devakI prazaMsA karatA huA kavi kahatA hai ki ve mere manarUpa mAnasarovarameM rAjahaMsake samAna cirakAlataka virAjamAna rheN| isameM bhI granthakartA apanA nAma prakaTa nahIM karate haiM; parantu aisA jAna par3atA hai ki ve zrutikIrtidevake koI ziSya hoMge aura saMbhavataH una zrutikIrtike nahIM jo paMcavastuke kartA haiN| ye zrutikIrti paMcavastuke karttAse pRthak jAna par3ate haiN| kyoMki inheM prakriyAke karttAne 'kavipati' batalAyA hai, vyAka. raNajJa nhiiN| ye ve hI zrutikIrti mAlUma hote haiM jinakA samaya pro0 pAThakane zaka saMvat 1045 yA vi0 saM0 1180 batalAyA hai| zravaNavelgolake jaina guru oMne ' cArukIrti paMDitAcArya' kA pada zaka saMvat 1039 ke bAda dhAraNa kiyA hai aura pahale cArukIrti inhIM zrutakIrtike putra the| zravaNavelgolake 108 veM zilAlekhameM inakA jikra hai aura inakI bahuta hI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| prakriyAke karttAne inheM bhaTTArakottaMsa aura zrutakIrtidevayatipa likhA hai aura isa lekhameM bhI bhaTTArakayati likhA hai| ataH ye donoM eka mAlUma hote haiM / Azcarya nahIM jo inake putra aura ziSya cArukIrti paNDitAcArya hI isa prakriyAke kartA hoN| devanandikA samaya 1-liGgAnuzAsanake kartA paM0 vAmana rASTrakUTa rAjA jagattuMga yA govinda 1 dekhI * sisTimsa Apha saMskRta grAmara ' pRSTha 67 2 dekho -- karnATaka jaina kavi ' pRSTha 20 / 3 tatra sarvazarIrirakSAkRtamatirvijitendriyaH / siddhazAsanavarddhanapratilabdhakIrtikAlApakaH // 22 // vizrutazrutakIrtibhaTTArakayatissamajAyata / prasphuradvacanAmRtAMzuvinAzitAkhilahRttamAH // 23 //

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa tRtIyake samaya hue haiM aura isa rAjAne zaka 716 se 736 (vi0 851871) taka rAjya kiyA hai / yaha granthakartA jainendrakA ullekha karatA hai' / arthAt vi0 saM0 850 ke lagabhaga jainendra prakhyAta vyAkaraNoMmeM ginA jAne lagA thaa| ataeva vaha isa samayase bhI pahalekA banA huA honA cAhie / 2 " sarvAdiH sarvanAma " ( 1-1-35) sUtra jainendrakA hai, aura usakA ullekha rAjavArtika adhyAya 1 sUtra 11 kI vyAkhyAmeM kiyA gayA hai / ataeva jainendra vyAkaraNa rAjavArtikase pahalekA banA huA hai / rAjavArtikake kartA akalaMkadevakA samaya paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAryane vi0 saM0 777 se lekara 837 taka siddha kiyA hai / taba jainendra vyAkaraNa vi0 saM0 800 se pahale bana cukA thA / aba yaha dekhanA cAhie ki kitane phle| 3-markarA ( kurga ) meM eka prAcIna tAmra-patra zaka saMvat 388 ( vi0 saM0 523 ) kA likhA huA milA hai / usa samaya gaMgavaMzIya rAjA avinIta rAjya karatA thaa| avinIta rAjAkA nAma bhI ukta dAna-patrameM hai / usameM kundakundAnvaya aura dezIyagaNake muniyoMkI paramparA isa prakAra dI huI hai-guNacandraabhayanandi-zIlabhadra-janAnandi-guNanandi aura candranandi / pUrvokta avinati rAjAke bAda usakA putra durvinIta rAjA huA hai / 'hisTrI Apha kanar3I liTarecara' aura 'karnATaka kavicaritra' (kanar3I) ke anusAra isa rAjAkA rAjyakAla I0 san 482 se 512 (vi0 539-69) taka hai / yaha kanar3I bhASAkA kavi thA / bhAravike kirAtArjunIya kAvyake 15 sA~kI kanar3I TIkA isane likhI thii| karnATaka-kavicaritrake kartA likhate haiM ki yaha rAjA pUjyapAda yatIndrakA ziSya thaa| ataH pUjyapAdako hameM vikramakI chaThI zatAbdike prAraMbhakA granthakartA mAnanA cAhie / markarAke ukta tAmrapatrase bhI yaha bAta puSTa hotI hai / vi0 saMvat 523 meM avinIta rAjA thaa| usake 16 varSa bAda vi0 saM0 539 meM usake putra durvinItakA rAjA honA sarvathA saMbhava hai aura jina candranandike samaya ukta tAmra-paTa likhA gayA hai, sambhavataH 1 vyADipraNItamatha vArarucaM sacAndra jainendralakSaNagataM vividhaM tathAnyat / liGgasya lakSma hI samasya vizeSayuktamuktaM mayA parimitaM tridazA ihAryAH // 31 2 iMDiyana eNTikverI jilda 1, pRSTha 363-65 aura epigrAphikA karnATikA, jilda 1 kA pahalA lekha / 3 Ara0 narasiMhAcArya ema0 e0 kRta /

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa unhIM kI ziSya - paramparA meM balki unhIMke ziSya yA praziSya jainendrake kartA devanandi yA pUjyapAda hoMge kyoMki tAmrapatrakI muni-paramparA meM nandyanta nAma adhika haiM, aura inakA bhI nAma nandyanta hai; ataH jabataka koI pramANa isakA virodhI na mile, taba taka hameM devanandiko kundakundAmnAya aura dezIya gaNake AcArya candranandikA ziSya yA praziSya mAnanemeM koI doSa nahIM dikhtaa| unakA samaya prAyaH vikramakI chaThI zatAbdikA prArambha hI samajhanA cAhie / 4- - isa samayakI puSTi meM eka aura bhI pramANa milatA hai / vi0 saM0 990 meM bane hue 'darzanasAra' nAmaka prAkRta grantha meM likhA hai ki pUjyapAda ke ziSya vajranandine vi0saM0 526 meM dakSiNa mathurA yA madurA meM drAviDasaMghakI sthApanI kI / isase bhI pUjyapAda kA samaya chaThI zatAbdikA prArambha ThIka jJAta hotA hai / pro0 pAThakake pramANa 117 svargIya DA0 kAzInAtha bApUjI pAThakane apane zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNasambandhI lekhameM jo jo pramANa jainendrakA samaya nirNaya karane ke lie diye haiM una sabako bhI hama yahA~ upayogI samajhakara de denA cAhate haiM, yadyapi ve saba zabdArNava- candrikA ke sUtra-pAThako asalI jainendra-sUtrapATha mAnakara diye haiM / 1 - jainendrako eka sUtra hai - ' hastAdeyanuvasteye : ' ( 2-3 - 36 ) / isa sUtra ke anusAra 'ci' kA ' cAya ' ho jAtA hai, usa avasthA meM jaba ki hAthase grahaNa karane yogya ho, ut upasargake bAda na ho aura corI karake na liyA gayA ho / jaise ' puSpapracAyaH / hastAdeya na hone se puSpapracaya, ut upasarga 1 siripujjapAdasIso dAvi saMghassa kArago duTTo | NAmeNa vajaNaMdI pAhuDavedI mahAsattho / paMcasae chabbIse vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / dakkhiNamaharA jAdo dAviDasaMgho mahAmoho || 2 dekho iMDiyana eNTikverI jilda 43, pRSTha 205-12 / 3 ina pramANoM meM jahA~ jahA~ jainendrakA ullekha ho vahA~ vahA~ zabdArNava candrikAkA sUtrapATha samajhanA cAhie | sUtroMke nambara bhI usIke anusAra diye gaye haiM /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa honese ' puSpAccaya' aura corI honese ' puSpapracaya ' hotA hai / isa sUtrameM ut upasargake bAda jo 'cAya' honekA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, vaha pANinimeM, usaka vArtikameM aura bhASyameM bhI nahIM hai / parantu pANinikI kAzikAvRttimeM 3-340 sUtrake vyAkhyAnameM hai.---' uccayasya pratiSedho vktvyH|' isase siddha hotA hai ki kAzikAke kartA vAmana aura jayAdityane ise jainendraparase hI liyA hai aura cInI yAtrI itsiMgane apane yAtrA-vivaraNameM likhA hai ki jayAdityakI mRtyu vi0 saM0 717 meM ho cukI thI ataH jainendravyAkaraNa vi0 saM0 717 se bhI pahalekA banA huA honA cAhie / 2-pANini vyAkaraNakA sUtra hai---'zaradvacchunakadId bhRguvatsAgrAyaNeSu / ' 4-1-102 isake sthAnameM jainendrakA sUtra isa prakAra hai-' zaradvacchanakadarbhAnizarmakRSNaraNAt bhRguvatsAgrAyaNavRSagaNabrAhmaNavasiSThe / ' 3-1-134 / isIkA anukaraNakArI sUtra zAkaTAyanameM isa taraha kA hai--'zaradcchu nakaraNAgnizarmakRSNadarbhAd bhaguvatsavasiSThavRSagaNabrAhmaNAgrAyaNe' 2-4-36 / / isa sUtrakI amoghavRttimeM 'AmizarmAyaNo vArSagaNyaH / aagnishrmirnyH|' isa taraha vyAkhyA kI hai| ___ ina sUtroMse yaha bAta mAlUma hotI hai ki pANinimeM ' vArSagaNya' zabda siddha nahIM kiyA gayA hai jaba ki jainendrameM kiyA gayA hai| 'vApaMgaNya' sAMkhyakArikAke kartA IzvarakRSNakA dUsarA nAma hai aura suprasiddha cInI vidvAn DA0 Takkusuke matAnusAra IzvarakRSNa vi0 saM0 507 ke lagabhaga vidyamAn the / isase nizcaya huA ki jainendravyAkaraNa IzvarakRSNake bAda-vi0 saM0 507 ke bAda aura kAzikAse pahale-vi0saM0 717 se pahale kisI samaya banA hai / 3-jainendrakA aura eka sUtra hai-' gurUdayAd bhAdyukte'nde' ( 3-2 -25) zAkaTAyanane bhI ise apanA 2-4-224 vA~ sUtra banA liyA hai / hemacandrane thor3A-sA parivartana karake 'uditaguro dyukte'nde' (6-2-25) 1 ' hastAdeye ' hastenAdAne'nudi vAci citro ghana bhavatyasteye / puSpapracAyaH / hastA. deya iti kiM ? puSpapracayaM karoti taruzikhare / anudIti ki ? phaloccayaH / asteya iti kiM ? phalapracayaM karoti cauryeNa ( zabdArNava-candrikA pRSTha 56 ) 2 pANinikA mUtra isa prakAra haiM-' hastAdAne cerasteye ' ( 3-3-40 )

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa 119 banAyA hai / isa sUtrameM dvAdazavarSAtmaka bArhaspatya saMvatsarapaddhatiko ullekha kiyA gayA hai / yaha paddhati prAcIna gupta aura kadambavaMzI rAjAoMke samaya taka pracalita thI, isake kaI pramANa pAye gaye haiN| prAcIna guptoMke zaka saMvat 397 se 450 ( vi0 saM0 454 se 585) takake pA~ca tAmrapatra pAye gaye haiM / unameM caitrAdi saMvatsaroMkA upayoga kiyA gayA hai aura inhIM guptoMke samakAlIna kadambavaMzI rAjA mRgezavarmAke tAmrapatrameM bhI pauSa saMvatsarakA ullekha hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki isa bRhaspasti saMvatsarakA sabase pahale ullekha karanevAle jainendravyAkaraNake kartA haiM aura isalie jainendrakI racanAkA samaya IsavI sankI pA~cavIM zatAbdike uttarArdha (vikramakI chaThI zatAbdIke pUrvArdha) ke lagabhaga honA cAhie / yaha to pahale hI batAyA jA cukA hai ki jainendrakI racanA IzvarakRSNake pahale arthAt vi0 saM0 507 ke pahale nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki usameM vArSagaNyakA ullekha hai| yadi jainendrakA svayaM devanandikRta nyAsa upalabdha ho jAya, jisake ki honekA hamane anumAna kiyA hai, aura usameM ina sUtroMke viSayako pratipAdana karanevAle vArtika Adi mila jAya~-mila jAnekI saMbhAvanA bhI bahuta hai-to avazya hI pAThaka mahAzayake pramANa bahuta hI upayogI siddha hoMge aura isI lie hamane inheM yahA~ de diyA hai| 1 isa saMvatsarakI utpatti bRhaspatikI gati parase huI hai, isa kAraNa ise bArhaspatya saMvatsara kahate haiM / jisa samaya yaha mAlUma huA ki nakSatramaNDala meMse bRhaspatikI eka pradakSiNA lagabhaga 12 varSameM hotI hai, usI samaya isa saMvatsarakI utpatti huI hogI, aisA jAna paDatA hai / jisa taraha sUryakI eka pradakSiNAke kAlako eka saura varSa aura usake 12 veM bhAgako mAsa kahate haiM, usI taraha isa paddhatimeM guruke pradakSiNA-kAlako eka guru-varSa aura usake lagabhaga 12 veM bhAgako guru-mAsa kahate the| sUryasAnidhyake kAraNa guru-varpameM kucha dina asta rahakara jisa nakSatrameM udaya hotA hai, usI nakSatrake nAma guru-varSake mAsoMke nAma rakhe jAte the| ye guruke mAsa vastutaH saura varSIke nAma hai, isa kAraNa inheM caitra saMvatsara, vaizAkha saMvatsara Adi kahate the| isa paddhatiko acchI taraha samajhaneke lie lie svagIya paM0 zaMkara bAlakRSNa dIkSitakA ' bhAratIya jyotiHzAstrAcA itihAsa ' aura DA0 phlITake ' gupta inskripzansa'meM inhIM dIkSita mahAzayakA aMgarejI nibandha par3hanA caahie|

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120 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa jainendrokta anya AcArya pANini Adi vaiyAkaraNoMne jisa taraha apanese pahaleke vaiyAkaraNoMke nAmoMkA ullekha kiyA hai, usI taraha jainendrasUtroMmeM bhI nIce likhe pUrvAcAryoMkA ullekha milatA hai 1 rAd bhUtabaleH / 3-4-83, 2-guNe zrIdattasyAstriyAm / 1-4-34 3-kRvRSimRjAM yazobhadrasya / 2-1-99, 4-rAtraiH kRtiprabhAcandrasya / 4-3-180 5-vetteH siddhasenasya / 5-1-7,6-catuSTayaM samantabhadrasya / 5-4-140 / jahA~taka hama jAnate haiM ina chahoM AcAryoMmeMse kisIkA bhI koI vyAkaraNa grantha nahIM hai / parantu jAna par3atA hai inake anya granthoM meM kucha bhinna tarahake zabdaprayoga kiye gaye hoMge aura unhIMko vyAkaraNa-siddha karaneke lie ye saba sUtra raca gaye haiM / zAkaTAyanane bhI isIkA anukaraNa karake tIna AcAryoMke mata diye haiM / pUrvokta AcAryoM se siddhasena aura samantabhadra ke grantha upalabdha haiN| unake zabdaprayogoMkI bArIkIke sAtha jA~ca karanese inakI satyatA pramANita ho sakatI hai / 1 bhUtavali / bhUtabalikA ThIka ThIka samaya nizcita karanA kaThina hai / itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve vIra ni0 saM0 683 ke bAda hue haiN|' 2 svAmI samantabhadra aura 3 siddhasenakA samaya bhI abhI taka eka tarahase anizcita-sA hI hai| 4 zrIdatta / AcArya vidyAnandane apane tattvArthazlokavArtikameM zrIdattake 'jalpanirNaya' nAmaka granthakA ullekha kiyA hai jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki ye 63 vAdiyoMke jItanevAle bar3e bhArI tArkika the| AdipurANake kartA jinasenasUrine bhI inakA smaraNa kiyA hai aura inheM vAdi-gajoMkA prabhedana karaneke lie siMha batalAyA hai / vIranirvANa saMvat 683 ke bAda jo cAra ArAtIya muni hue haiM, unameM bhI ekakA nAma zrIdatta hai| unakA samaya vIranirvANa saM0 700 (zaka saM0 95 vi0 saM0 230) ke lagabhaga hotA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki ArAtIya ___ 1-2 isake lie paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtArakA -- svAmI samantabhadra' aura pro0 hIrAlAlajIkI dhavalAkI bhUmikA ' dokhae / 3 dviprakAraM jagau jalpaM tattva-prAtibhagocaram / triSaSTervA dinAM jetA zrIdatto jalpanirNaye / / 4 zrIdattAya namastasmai tapaH zrIdIptamUrtaye / kaNTIravAyitaM yena pravAdIbhaprabhedane / / 45

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa 121 zrIdatta dUsare hoM aura jalpa-nirNayake kartA dUsare, tathA inhIM dUsarekA ullekha jainendrameM kiyA gayA ho| __ 5 yazobhadra / AdipurANameM saMbhavataH inhIM yazobhadrakA smaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki vidvAnoMkI sabhAmeM jinakA nAma kIrtana sunanese hI vAdiyoMkA garva kharva ho jAtA hai|' inake viSayameM aura koI ullekha nahIM milA aura na yahI mAlUma huA ki inake banAye hue kauna kauna grantha haiM / 6prabhAcandra / AdipurANameM jinasena svAmIne prabhAcandra kavikI stuti kI hai, jinhoMne candrodayakI racanA kI thI parantu ye prabhAcandra nyAyakumudacandrake ka se bhinna koI dUsare hI prAcIna granthakartA haiM / harivaMzapurANameM bhI inakA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / ye kumArasenake ziSya the / 2 pUjyapAdake upalabdha grantha jainendra ke sivAya pUjyapAdasvAmIke banAye hue aba taka kevala cAra grantha upalabdha hue haiM aura ye cAroM hI chapa cuke haiM 1-sarvArthasiddhi / AcArya umAsvAtikRta tattvArthasUtrapara digambara sampradAyakI upalabdha TIkAoMmeM sabase pahalI TIkA / anya saba TIkAyeM isake bAdakI haiM aura ve saba isako Age rakhakara likhI gaI haiM / 2-samAdhitaMtra / isameM lagabhaga 100 zloka haiM, isalie ise samAdhizataka bhI kahate haiM / yaha adhyAtmakA bahuta hI gambhIra aura tAttvika grantha hai| isapara kaI saMskRta TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiM / 3-iSTopadeza / yaha kevala 51 zlokoMkA choTA-sA grantha hai aura sundara tathA upadezapUrNa hai / paM0 AzAdharane isapara eka saMskRta TIkA likhI hai / 4-dazabhakti ( saMskRta )-prabhAcandrAcAryane apane kriyAkalApameM isakA kI pUjyapAda yA pAdapUjyako batalAyA hai / siddhabhakti AdikA apratihata pravAha aura gaMbhIra zailI dekhakara yaha saMbhava bhI mAlUma hotA hai| 1-viduSviNISu saMsatsu yasya nAmApi kIrtitam / nikharvayati tad yazobhadraH sa pAtu naH // 46 // 2 dekho nyAyakumudacandrakI bhUmikA /

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122 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa anupalabdha grantha zabdAvatAra nyAsa aura jainendra nyAsa - pUjyapAdakA pANini vyAkaraNapara 'zabdAvatAra' nAmakA nyAsa hai aura jainendrapara svopajJa nyAsa bhI hai jinakA ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai aura jo abhItaka aprApya haiM / vaidyaka grantha-zubhacandrAcAryakRta jJAnArNavake pUrvoddhRta zlokake 'kAya' zabdase yaha bAta dhvanita hotI hai ki pUjyapAdasvAmIkA koI vaidyaka grantha bhI thA / ___ pUneke bhANDArakara risarca inTiTayUTameM 'pUjyapAdakRta vaidyaka ' nAmakA eka grantha hai| parantu vaha Adhunika kanar3ImeM likhA huA kanar3I bhASAkA grantha hai| usameM na to kahIM pUjyapAdakA ullekha hai aura na vaha unakA banAyA huA mAlUma hotA hai / 'vaidya-sAra' nAmakA eka aura grantha abhI jainasiddhAntabhAskarameM prakAzita huA hai aura pUjyapAdakA batalAyA gayA hai paraMtu vaha nizcayase unakA nahIM hai| vijayanagarake harihararAjAke samayameM eka maMgarAja nAmake kanar3I kavi hue haiN| vi0 saM0 1416 ke lagabhaga unakA astitva-kAla hai / sthAvara viSoMkI prakriyA aura cikitsApara unhoMne khagendramANadarpaNa nAmakA eka grantha likhA hai| ve usameM Apako pUjyapAdakA ziSya batalAte haiM aura yaha bhI likhate haiM ki yaha grantha pUjyapAdake vaidyaka granthase saMgRhIta hai| abhI hAla hI zolApurase ugradityAcAryakA 'kalyANakAraka' nAmakA vaidyaka grantha prakAzita huA hai| usameM bhI aneka jagaha 'pUjyapAdena bhASitaH ' kahakara pUjyapAdake vaidyaka granthakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ugrAditya rASTrakuTa amoghavarSake samayake batalAye gaye haiM; parantu hameM isameM sandeha hai / usakI prazastikI bhI bahuta sI bAteM sandehAspada haiM / __ hamArI samajhameM jaba taka ye saba grantha upalabdha nahIM ho jAte haiM taba taka inake viSayameM yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki ye unhIMke banAye hue haiM, yA unakA nAma dhAraNa karanevAle dUsaroMke hai| sAra-saMgraha-dhavalA ( vedanAkhaMDa ) ke eka uddharaNake AdhArase 'sArasaMgraha nAmaka eka aura granthake honekA anumAna hotA hai-" tathA sArasaMgrahe'pyuktaM 1 naM0 1066, san 1887-91 kI riporTa !

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa 123 pUjyapAdaiH anantaparyAyAtmakasya vastuno'nyatamaparyAyAdhigame kartavye jAtyahetvapekSo niravadyaprayogo naya iti / " yaha koI nyAya yA siddhAntakA grantha jAna par3atA hai|' _ 'jainAbhiSaka' nAmake eka aura granthakA jikara "jainendra nijazabdabhAgamatulaM" Adi zlokameM kiyA gayA hai / yaha zloka Upara diyA jA cukA hai / __kanar3I pUjyapAdacaritameM pUjyapAdake banAye hue 'arhatpratiSThAlakSaNa' aura 'zAntyaSTaka' ye do grantha aura bhI batalAye haiM / pUjyapAda-carita kanar3I bhASAke isa caritako candrayya nAmaka kavine duHSama kAlake paridhAvI saMvatsarakI Azvina zukla 5, zukravAra, tulAlagnameM samApta kiyA hai / yaha kavi karnATaka dezake malayanagarakI ' brAhmaNagalI' kA rahanevAlA thaa| caritakA sArAMza yaha haikarnATaka dezake ' kole' nAmaka grAmake mAdhavabhaTTa nAmaka brAhmaNa aura zrIdevI brAhmaNIse pUjyapAdakA janma huA / jyotipiyoMne bAlakako trilokapUjya batalAyA, isa kAraNa usakA nAma pUjyapAda rakkhA gayA / mAdhavabhaTTane apanI strIke kahanese jainadharma svIkAra kara liyA / bhaTTajIke sAlekA nAma pANini thA, use bhI unhoMne jainI bananeko kahA, parantu pratiSThAke khayAlase vaha jainI na hokara muDIguMDagrAmameM vaiSNava saMnyAsI ho gyaa| pUjyapAdakI kamalinI nAmaka choTI bahina huI, vaha guNabhaTTako byAhI gaI, aura guNabhaTTako usase nAgArjuna nAmaka putra huaa| ___ pUjyapAdane eka bagIcemeM eka sA~pake mu~hameM pha~se hue meMDakako dekhaa| isase unheM vairAgya ho gayA aura ve jaina sAdhu bana gye|| ___ pANini apanA vyAkaraNa raca rahe the / vaha pUrA na ho pAyA thA ki unhoMne apanA maraNa-kAla nikaTa AyA jAna kara pUjyapAdase kahA ki ise tuma pUrA kara do| unhoMne pUrA karanA svIkAra kara liyA / pANini dunivaza marakara sarpa hue / eka bAra usane pUjyapAdako dekhakara phUtkAra kiyA, isapara pUjyapAdane kahA, vizvAsa rakkho, maiM tumhAre vyAkaraNako 1 isake lie pro0 hIrAlAlajI jaina likhita dhavalA ( pustaka 1 ) kI bhUmikAke pRSTha 60-61 dekhie|

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124 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pUrA kara duuNgaa| isake bAda unhoMne pANini vyAkaraNako pUrA kara diyaa| ___ isake pahale ve jainendra vyAkaraNa, arhatpratiSThAlakSaNa aura vaidyaka jyotiSa Adike kaI grantha raca cuke the| guNabhaTTake mara jAnese nAgArjuna atizaya daridrI ho gyaa| pUjyapAdane use padmAvatIkA eka mantra diyA aura siddha karanekI vidhi bhI batalA dii| usake prabhAvase padmAvatIne nAgArjunake nikaTa prakaTa hokara use siddha rasakI vanaspati batalA dii| ___ isa siddha-rasase nAgArjuna sonA banAne lgaa| usake garvakA parihAra karaneke lie pUjyapAdane eka mAmUlI vanaspatise kaI ghar3e siddha-rasa banA diyA / nAgArjuna jaba parvatoMko suvarNamaya banAne lagA, taba dharaNendra-padmAvatIne use rokA aura jinAlaya banAneko kahA / tadanusAra usane eka jinAlaya banavAyA aura pArzvanAthakI pratimA sthApita kii| __ pUjyapAda pairoMmeM gaganagAmI lepa lagAkara videhakSetrako jAyA karate the| usa samaya unake ziSya vajranandine apane sAthiyoMse jhagar3A karake drAvir3a saMghakI sthApanA kii| nAgArjuna aneka maMtra taMtra tathA rasAdi siddha karake bahuta hI prasiddha ho gyaa| eka bAra do sundarI striyA~ AI jo gAne nAcanemeM kuzala thIM / nAgArjuna unapara mohita ho gyaa| ve vahIM rahane lagI aura kucha samaya bAda hI usakI rasaguTikA lekara calatI banIM / ___ pUjyapAda muni bahuta samayataka yogAbhyAsa karate rahe / phira eka deva-vimAnameM baiThakara unhoMne aneka tIrthoMkI yAtrA kii| mArgameM eka jagaha unakI dRSTi naSTa ho gaI thI, sA unhoMne eka zAntyaSTaka banAkara jyoMkI tyoM kara lii| isake bAda unhoMne apane grAmameM Akara samAdhipUrvaka maraNa kiyaa| ___ isa caritapara koI TIkA-TippaNI karanA vyartha hai| isa tarahake na jAne kitane managaDhanta aura UlajalUla kisse hamAre yahA~ itihAsake nAmase cala rahe haiN| __isa lekhake likhane meM hameM zraddheya muni jinavijayajI aura paM0 behacaradAsa jIvarAjajI nyAya-vyAkaraNa tIrthase bahuta adhika sahAyatA milI hai / isa lie hama ukta donoM sajanoMke atyanta kRtajJa haiM / munimahodayakI kRpAse hamako jo sAdhana-sAmagrI prApta huI hai; vaha yadi na milatI to yaha lekha zAyada hI isa rUpameM pAThakoMke sammukha upasthita ho sakatA /

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa pariziSTa [ bhagavadvAgvAdinIkA vizeSa paricaya ] isake prAraMbha meM pahale ' lakSmIrAtyantikI yasya' Adi prasiddha maMgalAcaraNakA zloka likhA gayA thaa| parantu pIche se usapara haratAla phera dI gaI hai aura usakI jagaha yaha zloka aura utthAnikA likha dI gaI hai oM namaH pArzvaya 125 tvaritamahimadUtAmaMtritenAdbhutAtmA, viSamamapi maghonA pRcchatA zabdazAstram / zrutamadaripurAsId vAdivRndAgraNInAM paramapadapaTurthaH sa zriye vIradevaH || aSTavArSiko'pi tathAvidhabhaktAbhyarthanApraNunnaH sa bhagavAnidaM prAha - siddhiranekAntAt / 1-1-1 / isake bAda sUtrapATha zurU ho gayA hai / pahale patrake Upara mArjina meM eka TippaNI isa prakAra dI hai jisameM pANini Adi vyAkaraNoMko aprAmANika ThaharAyA hai-- " pramANapadavyAmupekSaNIyAni pANinyAdipraNItasUtrANi syAtkAravAditradUratvAtparivrAjakAdibhApitavat / apramANAni ca kapolakalpanAmalinAni hInamAtRkatvAttadeva | "" isake bAda pratyeka pAdake antameM aura Adi meM isa prakAra likhA hai jisase isa sUtra - pAThake bhagavatpraNIta hone meM koI sandeha bAkI na raha jAya " iti bhagavadvAgvAdinyAM prathamAdhyAyasya dvitIyaH pAdaH / anamaH pAvaya / sa bhagavAnidaM prAha / "" - sarvatra ' namaH pAvaya' likhanA bhI hetupUrvaka hai / jaba granthakartA svayaM mahAvIra bhagavAn haiM taba unake grantha meM unase pahale ke tIrthakara pArzvanAthako hI namaskAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / dekhie, kitanI dUrataka vicAra kiyA gayA hai ! Age adhyAya 2 pAda 2 ke ' sahUbahUcalyApateri: ( 64 ) sUtrapara nimna prakAra TippaNI dI hai aura siddha kiyA hai ki yadi yaha vyAkaraNa bhagavatkRta na ho to phira siddha hai ke amuka sUtrakI upapatti nahIM baiTha sakatI ! " idaM zabdAnuzAsanaM bhagavatkartRkameva bhavati / ' savacalyapaterighanikRsRjannameH kirliT cavat - Gau sAsahivAvAhacAcalipApati, sakhicAkridadhijajJinemIti siddha haimasUtrasyA'nyathAnupapatteH / zarvavarmapANinyostu 'AhavarNopadhAlopana kica 1, AhagamahanajanaH kikinau liT ceti 2 / "

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126 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa isake bAda 3-2-22 sUtrapara isa prakAra TippaNI dI hai " kathaM na hyacaH prAgbharatavAdi kSetrAdiniyApi zikSAvizeSAH / kumArazabdaH prAcyAnAmAzvinaM mAsamUcivAn / maithunaM tu bhiSaktaMtre vAcaka madhusarpipaH / / ityAdyanyathAnupapatteriti bauTikatimiropalakSaNam / " isake bAda 3-4-42 sUtra (steyArhatyaM ) para phira eka TippaNI dI hai " idaM zabdAnuzAsana bhagavatkartRkameva bhavati / arhatastonta ca 1, sahAdvA 2, sakhivaNigdUtAdyaH 3, stenAnnaluk ce 4, ti siddhahaimasUtrAnyathAnupapatteH / pANinyAdau tvArhatyazabdaM prati sUtrAbhAvAt / kathaM sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNe tadAptiH / aindrAnusArAdahatazabdatazceti pazya / " phira 3-4-40 sUtra ( rAtraiH prabhAcandrasya ) para eka TippaNI hai / isameM bauTikoM yA digambariyoMkA satkAra kiyA gayA hai " idaM zabdAnuzAsanaM bhagavatkartRkameva bhavati / rAtreH prabhAcandrasya sUtrasya prakSepatA sphuTatvAt / ato bauTikatimiropalakSaNe devanandimatAM mohaH prakSeparajasopi cet / cirAya bhavatA rAtreH prabhAcandrasya jIvyatAM // paMcottaraH kaH svacAnAsIH prabhendoH nama yasya yaH (?) / vismayo ramayeH ziSTayA sa taM ceddevanandinam / / iti / vikramAtukhayugAbde 406 devanandI, tato guNanaMdi-kumAranaMdi-lokacaMdrAnaMtaraM muniraiyugAbda prathamaH prabhAcandra iti bauTike / " isI taraha 4-3-7 (vetteH siddhasenasya ) sUtrapara likhA hai " vetteH siddhasenasya, catuSTaya samaMtabhadrasya prakSepevA'cyatA sphuTatvAt, rAtreH prabhAcandrasya vaditi vauTikatimiropalakSaNe / " antameM 5-4-65 ( zazchomi) sUtrapara eka TippaNI dI hai jisameM pANini Adi vaiyAkaraNoMkI asarvajJatA siddha kI gaI hai " prayogAzAtanA mAbhUdanAdisiddhA hi pryogaaH| jJAninA tu kevalaM te prakAzyate na tu kriyata iti / ata eva zazchoTIti pANinIyasUtraM vargaprathamebhyaH zakAraH 1 yaha * bauTikamatatimiropalakSaNa ' nAmakA koI graMtha hai aura saMbhavataH vAgvAdinIke kartAkA hI banAyA huA hai|

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devanandi aura unakA jainendra vyAkaraNa svarayavaraparaH zakAzchakAraM naveti zarvavarmakartRkakAlApakasUtrAnusAri / ata eva pANinyAdayo'sarvajJA iti siddham / ata eva teSAM tattvata AptatvAbhAva iti siddhiH / navamyaH prabhRtInisUtre nirjarasairmukhyA yadi yuktiste maskariNaiva bhavatkRtamAste na tu sArasvatavAgdevyA / zazchoTi pramukhaiH sUtraistacchazruprabhRtipadAdarzI kAlApApadyujIvI pANinirajinatvaM prati nAvyaktaH / "" jahA~ sUtrapATha samApta hotA hai, vahA~ likhA hai:ityAkhyadbhagavAnarhanzrutvendrastu mudaM vahan / vAdivaktrAbjacandraH svamaMdirAbhimukho'bhavat // -- 127 Age grantha- prazasti dekhie " oM namaH sakalakalA kauzalapezalazIlazAline pAvIya pArzvapAvaya / svasti tatpravacana sudhAsamudralaharIsnAyibhyo mahAmunibhyaH / parisamAptaM ca jainendraM nAma mahAvyAkaraNam / tadidaM yatsvayaM zrIvIraprabhurmaghone pRcchate prakAzayAMcakAra / sapAdalakSavyAkhyAnakaparamatamadAMdhakArApahAraparamamiti / namaH zrImaccaramaparamezvarapAdaprasAdavizadasyAdvAdanaya samupAsana guNa koTimatkauTika gaNAvirbhUtacidvibhUtivimalacaMdracAMdrakulavipulavRhattaponigamanirgatanAga purIyasvaccha gaccha samutthamutpavipArzva caMdrazAkhAsu - khAkRtasukRtivararAmeMdupAdhyAyacArucaraNAraviMdarajorAjImadhukarAnukaravAcakapadavIpavi-tritAkSayacaMdracaraNebhyaH sasudhI raktacaMdram | zrIvIrAt 2267 vikramanRpAttu saM0 1797 phAlgunasita trayodazI bhaume takSakAkhyapurasthena ratnarSiNA darzanapAvitryAya likhitaM ciraM naMdyAt / "" granthake pahale patrakI khAlI pIThapara bhI kucha TippaNiyA~ haiM aura unameM adhikAMza ve hI haiM jo Upara dI jA cukI haiN| zeSa isa prakAra haiMoM namaH pArzvaya jainendra maindrataH siddha haimato jayahemavat / prakRtyaMtara dUratvAnnAnyatAmetumarhati // kathaM / iMdrazcaMdraH kAzakRtsnApizalIzAkaTAyanAH / pANinyamara jaineMdrA jayaMtyaSTau hi zAbdikAH // iti ( ? ) caturthI taddhitAnupalakSaNAt / yadiMdrAya jineMdreNa kaumAre'pi nirUpitaM / aiMdra jaineMdramiti tatprAhuH zabdAnuzAsanaM // yadAvazyaka niryuktiH-- aha taM ammApiaro jANittA ahiyaaTThavAsaM tu / kayakoualaMkAraM lehAyariassa uvarNiti //

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128 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa sakko a tassamakkhaM bhayavaMtaM AsaNe nivesittA / sadassa lakkhaNaM pucche vAgaraNaM avayavA iMdaM / / iti / / tadavayavAH kecana upAdhyAyena gRhItAH / tatazcaindraM vyAkaraNaM saMjAtamiti haribhadraH / / yattu devanaMdibauTikaM pUjyapAda itIcchaMtastadgurukAH pUjyapAdasya lakSaNaM / dvisaMdhAnakaveH kAvyaM ratnatrayamapazcimam / iti. dhanaMjayakoSAttadayuktaM / neti cetkathaM jainendramiti / dvAdazasvaramadhyamiti cenna itaropapadasyAbhAvAt / jainakumArasambhavavadgatiriti cenna / kumAravadiMdraM prati zlepAbhAvAt thArItikatataddhitabhAvAcca / tarhi lakSmIrAtyaMtikI yasya niravadyAvabhAsate / devanaMditapUjeze namastasmai svayaMbhuve / / kA gatiriti cet / lakSmIrAtyaMtikIpadyanupajJezasya kiMtarAM / aiMdratvayaki tattvArthe mokSamArgasya pAvat / / mivAdayazcetprathamaM yadi haimetvapekSyate / kAlApakAdi na tathA paTavaindraM mahate kRtiH // pUrvatra / mipa vas mam 1 sip thas tha 2 tip tas jhi 3 iD vahi mahi 1 thasa AthAM dhvaM 2 ta AtAm jhaG 3 iti / / AkhyAtarItiM prati devarAje mibvasmaso yaH pitaH rAditodAH / jIvaM prapannAhamamAttha vizve tatvAdima svAM matimAtmanAthaM / / tarhi siddhasenAdivizeSopi durnivAra iti cenna jAtAmAtropi cidvIrya pratyAtmazaraNo si yaH / janatAkA varAkIyaM parAtman vIra tatpura / / iti bauTikamatatimiropalakSaNasya turye'vakAze indrajinendrau pratyuttariNau ydtoddettaatddhittstvmsimibiddddhaureymdedrN jainendraM vyaakrnnaanaaN| siddhimanekAMtAdicchoM aX karapArha tyatathArIte haimAgIkRtavarmanprakSepAryavijeyaciraMjIyA iti prasanna candrotpale(?) 1 isake Age 4-3-7 sUtrakI TippaNI jaisA hI likhA hai aura phira 3-4-40 sUtrakI TippaNIke 'devanandimatAM' Adi do zloka diye haiN| 2 isake Age 5-4-65 sUtrakI TippaNI dI hai|

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paNDitavara AzAdhara vizAla adhyayana aura pratibhA isa granthake karttA paNDita AzAdhara eka bahuta bar3e vidvAn ho gaye haiM / zAyada digambara sampradAyameM unake bAda una jaisA bahuzruta, pratibhAzAlI, praur3ha granthakatA aura jainadharmakA udyotaka dUsarA nahIM huaa| nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, alaMkAra, zabdakoza, dharmazAstra, yogazAstra, vaidyaka Adi vividha viSayoMpara unakA adhikAra thaa| ina sabhI viSayoMpara unakI askhalita lekhanI calI hai aura aneka vidvAnoMne cirakAla taka unake nikaTa adhyayana kiyA hai| unakI pratibhA aura pANDitya kevala jaina zAstroM taka hI sImita nahIM thA, itara zAstroM meM bhI unakI abAdha gati thI / isIlie unakI racanAoMmeM yathAsthAna sabhI zAstroMke pracura uddharaNa dikhAI par3ate haiM aura isI kAraNa aSTAMgahRdaya, kAvyAlaMkAra, amarakoza jaise graMthoMpara TIkA likhaneke lie ve pravRtta hue| yadi ve kevala jainadharmake hI vidvAn hote to mAlavanareza arjunavarmAke guru bAlasarasvatI mahAkavi madana unake nikaTa kAvyazAstrakA adhyayana na karate aura vindhyavarmAke sandhivigraha-mantrI kavIza bilhaNa unakI muktakaNThase prazaMsA na karate / itanA bar3A sammAna kevala sAmpradAyika vidvAnoMko nahIM milA karatA / ve kevala apane anuyAyiyoMmeM hI camakate haiM, dUsaroM taka unake jJAnakA prakAza nahI pahu~ca paataa| unakA jainadharmakA adhyayana bhI bahuta vizAla thaa| unake granthose patA calatA hai ki apane samayake tamAma upalabdha jaina-sAhityakA unhoMne avagAhana kiyA thA / vividha AcAryoM aura vidvAnoMke mata-bhedoMkA sAmaMjasya sthApita karaneke lie unhoMne jo prayatna kiyA hai vaha apUrva hai| ve 'ArSa saMdadhIta na tu vighaTayeta' ke mAnanevAle the, isalie unhoMne apanA koI svataMtra mata to kahIM pratipAdita nahIM kiyA hai; parantu tamAma mata-bhedoMko upasthita karake unakI vizada

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130 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa carcA kI hai aura phira unake bIca kisa taraha ekatA sthApita ho sakatI hai, so batalAyA hai| paNDita AzAdhara gRhastha the, muni nhiiN| pichale jIvanameM ve saMsArase uparata avazya ho gaye the, parantu use chor3A nahIM thA, phira bhI pIcheke granthakartAoMne unheM sUri aura AcArya-kalpa kahakara smaraNa kiyA hai aura tatkAlIna bhaTTArakoM aura muniyoMne to unake nikaTa vidyAdhyayana karanemeM bhI koI saMkoca nahIM kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, muni udayasenane unheM 'naya-vizvacakSu' tathA ' kali-kAlidAsa', aura madanakIrti yatipatine 'prajJApuMja' kahakara abhinandita kiyA thA / vAdIndra vizAlakIrtiko unhoMne nyAyazAstra aura bhaTTArakadeva vinayacandrako dharmazAstra par3hAyA thaa| ina saba bAtoMse spaSTa hotA hai ki ve apane samayake advitIya vidvAn the| dhArAnagarI aura nAlachA unhoMne grantha-prazastiyoMmeM apanA paricaya dete hue likhA hai ki 'jinadharmodayArtha yo nalakacchapure'vasat' arthAt jo jainadharmake udayake lie dhArAnagarIko chor3a kara nalakacchapura (nAlachA) meM Akara rahane lgaa| usa samaya dhArAnagarI vidyAkA keMdra banI huI thii| vahA~ bhojadeva, vindhyavarmA, arjunavarmA jaise vidvAn aura vidvAnoMkA sammAna karanevAle rAjA ekake bAda eka ho rahe the| mahAkavi madanakI 'pArijAta-maJjarI' ke anusAra usa samaya vizAla dhArAnagarImeM caurAsI caurAhe the aura vahA~ nAnA dizAoMse Aye hue vividha vidyAoMke paNDitoM aura kalAkovidoMkI bhIr3a lagI rahatI thI / vahA~ 'zAradA-sadana' nAmakA eka dUra dUra taka khyAti pAyA huA vidyApITha thA / svayaM AzAdharajIne bhI dhArAmeM hI vyAkaraNa aura nyAyazAstrakA adhyayana kiyA thA / aisI dhArAko bhI jisapara haraeka vidvAnako moha honA cAhie paNDita AzAdharane jainadharmake jJAnako lupta hote dekhakara usake udayake lie chor3a diyA aura apanA sArA jIvana isI kAryameM lagA diyA / ve lagabhaga paiMtIsa varSake lambe samayataka nAlachAmeM hI rahe aura vahA~ke nemi. caityAlayameM ekaniSThatAse jainasAhityakI sevA aura jJAnakI upAsanA karate rahe / 1 caturazIticatuSpathasurasadanapradhAne ... sakala digantaropagatAnekatraividyasahRdayakalAkovidarasikasukavisaMkule ... -pArijAtamaJjarI

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paNDitavara AzAdhara 131 unake prAyaH sabhI granthoMkI racanA nAlachAke ukta nemi-caityAlayameM hI huI hai aura vahIM ve adhyayana adhyApanakA kArya karate rahe haiN| koI Azcarya nahIM, je unheM dhArAke 'zAradA-sadana' ke anukaraNa para hI jainadharmake udayakI kAmanAre 'zrAvaka-saMkula' nAlacheke ukta caityAlayako apanA vidyAlaya banAnekI bhAvana utpanna huI ho / jainadharmake uddhArakI bhAvanA unameM prabala thii| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki gRhastha rahakara bhI kamase kama 'jinasahasranAma' ke racanAke samaya ve saMsAra-dehabhogoMse udAsIna ho gaye the aura unakA mohAveza zithila ho gayA thA / ho sakatA hai ki unhoMne koI gRhasthakI ucca pratima dhAraNa kara lI ho, parantu muni-veza to unhoMne dhAraNa nahIM kiyA thA, yaha nizcaya hai / hamArI samajhameM muni hokara ve itanA upakAra zAyada hI kara sakate jitana ki gRhastha rahakara hI kara gaye haiN| ___ apane samayake tapodhana yA muni nAmadhArI logoMke prati unako koI zraddha nahIM thI, balki eka tarahakI vitRSNA thI aura unheM ve jinazAsanako malina karanevAlA samajhate the jisako ki unhoMne apane dharmAmRtameM eka purAtana zlokake uddhRta karake vyakta kiyA hai| paNDitajI mUlameM mAMDalagar3ha ( mevAr3a) ke rahanevAle the| zahAbuddIna gorIve AkramaNoMse trasta hokara caritrakI rakSAke lie ve mAlavAkI rAjadhAnI dhArAmeM bahuta-se logoMke sAtha Akara basa gaye the| vaMza-paricaya ve vyA ravAla yA bagheravAla jAtike the jo rAjapUtAnekI eka prasiddha vaizyajAti hai / unake pitAkA nAma sallakSaNa, mAtAkA zrIratnI, patnIkA sarasvatI aura putraka chAhar3a thaa| ina cArake sivAya unake parivArameM aura kauna kauna the, isakA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| 1 prabho bhavAGgabhogeSu nirviSNo duHkhabhIrukaH, eSa vijJApayAmi tvAM zaraNyaM karuNArNavam / / ga gogadAveThAzaithilyAtkiJcidanmukhaH / --jinasahasranAma 2-paNDitaibhraSTacAritraiH baTharaizca tapodhanaiH / zAsanaM jinacandrasya nirmalaM malinIkRtam //

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132 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa mAlava-nareza arjunavarmadevakA bhAdrapada sudI 15 budhavAra saM0 1272 kA eka dAnapatra milA hai, jisake antameM likhA hai-" racitamidaM mahAsAndhi0 rAjA salakhaNasaMmatena rAjaguruNA madanene / " arthAt yaha dAnapatra mahAsAndhivigrahika maMtrI rAjA salakhaNakI sammatise rAjaguru madanane rcaa| inhIM arjunavarmAke rAjyameM paM0 AzAdhara nAlachemeM jAkara rahe the aura ye rAjaguru madana bhI vahI haiM jinheM paM0 AzAdharajIne kAvya-zAstrakI zikSA dI thii| isase anumAna hotA hai ki ukta rAjA salakhaNa hI saMbhava hai ki AzAdharajIke pitA salakSaNa ho / jisa samaya yaha parivAra dhArAmeM AyA thA usa samaya vindhyavarmAke sandhivigrahika maMtrI ( pararASTra-saciva ) bilhaNa kavIza the| unake bAda koI Azcarya nahIM jo apanI yogyatAke kAraNa sallakSaNane bhI vaha pada prApta kara liyA ho aura sammAnasUcaka rAjAkI upAdhi bhI unheM milI ho| paNDita AzAdharajIne 'adhyAtma-rahasya' nAmakA grantha apane pitAkI AjJAse nirmANa kiyA thaa| yaha grantha vi0 saM0 1296 ke bAda kisI samaya banA hogA / kyoMki isakA ullekha saM0 1300 meM banI huI anagAradharmAmRtaTIkAkI prazastimeM to hai, parantu 1293 meM bane hue jinayajJakalpameM nahIM hai / yadi yaha sahI hai to mAnanA hogA ki AzAdharajIke pitA 1296 ke bAda bhI kucha samaya taka jIvita rahe aura usa samaya ve bahuta hI vRddha the / saMbhava hai ki usa samaya unhoMne rAja-kArya bhI chor3a diyA ho| paNDita AzAdharajIne apanI prazastimeM apane putra chAhar3ako eka vizeSaNa diyA hai, "rAMjatArjunabhUpatim / " arthAt jisane rAjA arjunavarmako prasanna kiyA / isase hama anumAna karate haiM ki rAjA salakhaNake samAna unake pote chAhar3ako bhI arjunavarmadevane koI rAjya-pada diyA hogaa| aksara rAjakarmacAriyoMke vaMzajoMko ekake bAda eka rAja-kArya milate rahate haiM / paM0 AzAdharajI bhI koI rAjya-pada pA sakate the parantu unhoMne usakI apekSA jinadharmodayake kAryameM laga jAnA jyAdA kalyANakArI smjhaa| unake pitA aura putrake isa sammAnase spaSTa hotA hai ki eka susaMskRta aura 1 amerikana oriyaMTala sosAiTIkA jarnala vA0 7 aura prAcIna lekhamAlA bhAga 1 pR0 6-7 //

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paNDitavara AzAdhara 133 rAjamAnya kulameM unakA janma huA thA aura zAyada isIlie bAla-sarasvatI madanopAdhyAya jaise logoMne unakA ziSyatva svIkAra karanemeM saMkoca na kiyaa| vi0 saM0 1249 ke lagabhaga jaba zahAbuddIna gorIne pRthvIrAjako kaida karake dillIko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA aura ajamerapara bhI adhikAra kara liyA thA, tabhI paNDita AzAdhara mAMDalagar3ha chor3akara dhArAmeM Aye hoNge| usa samaya ve kizora hI hoMge, kyoMki unhoMne vyAkaraNa aura nyAya-zAstra vahIM Akara par3hA thaa| yadi usa samaya unakI umra 15-16 varSakI rahI ho to unakA janma vi0 sa0 1235 ke AsapAsa huA hogaa| unakA antima upalabdha graMtha (anagAradharmAmRtaTIkA) vi0 sa0 1300 kA hai| usake bAda ve kabataka jIvita rahe, yaha patA nhiiN| phira bhI nidAna 65 varSakI umra to unhoMne avazya pAI aura unake pitA to unase bhI adhika dIrghajIvI rahe / apane samayameM unhoMne dhArAke siMhAsanapara pA~ca rAjAoMko dekhA samakAlIna rAjA 1 vindhyavarmA-jisa samayameM ve dhArAmeM Aye usa samaya yahI rAjA the| ye bar3e vIra aura vidyArasika the / kucha vidvAnoMne inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1217 se 1237 taka mAnA hai| parantu hamArI samajhameM ve 1249 taka avazya hI rAjyAsIna rahe haiM jaba ki zahAbuddIna gorIke AkramaNoMse trasta hokara paNDita AzAdharakA parivAra dhArAmeM AyA thaa| apanI prazastimeM isakA unhoMne spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| 2 subhaTavarmA-yaha vindhyavarmAkA putra thA aura bar3A vIra thaa| ise sohar3a bhI kahate haiM / isakA rAjyakAla vi0 sa0 1237 se 1267 taka mAnA jAtA hai / parantu vaha 1249 ke bAda 1267 taka honA cAhie / paNDita AzAdharake upalabdha granthoMmeM isa rAjAkA koI ullekha nahIM hai / 3 arjunavarmA--yaha subhaTavarmAkA putra thA aura bar3A vidvAn , kavi aura gAna-vidyAmeM nipuNa thaa| 'amaruzataka' para isakI 'rasasaMjIvinI' nAmakI TIkA bahuta prasiddha hai jo ki isake pAMDitya aura kAvyamarmajJatAko prakaTa karatI hai / isIke samayameM mahAkavi madanakI 'pArijAtamaMjarI' nATikA vasantotsavake maukepara khelI gaI thii| isIke rAjya-kAlameM paM0 AzAdhara nAlachAmeM jAkara rahe

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134 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa the / isake samayake tIna dAna-patra mile haiM / eka mAMDUmeM vi0 saM0 1267 kA, dUsarA bharocameM 1270 kA aura tIsarA mAndhAtameM 1272 kaa| isane gujarAtanareza jayasiMhako harAyA thaa| 4 devapAla-arjunavarmAke nissantAna marane para yaha gaddIpara baitthaa| isakI upAdhi sAhasamalla thii| isake samayake saM0 1275, 1286 aura 1289 ke tIna zilAlekha aura 1282 kA eka dAna-patra milA hai| isIke rAjya kAlameM vi0 saM0 1285 meM jinayajJa-kalpakI racanA huI thii| __ 5 jaitugideva ( jayasiMha dvitIya)-yaha devapAlakA putra thA / isake samayake 1312 aura 1314 ke do zilAlekha mile haiM / paM0 AzAdharane isIke rAjya kAlameM 1292 meM triSaSTismRtizAstra, 1296 meM sAgAradharmAmRta-TIkA ora 1300 meM anagAradharmAmRta-TIkA likhI / grantha-racanA vi0 saM0 1300 taka paM0 AzAdharajIne jitane granthoMkI racanA kI, unakA vivaraNa nIce diyA jAtA hai 1 prameyaratnAkara-ise syAdvAda vidyAkA nirmala prasAda batalAyA hai| yaha gadya graMtha hai aura bIca bIcameM isameM sundara padya bhI prayukta hue haiM / abhItaka yaha kahIM prApta nahIM huA hai| 2 bharatezvarAbhyudaya-yaha siddhayaGka hai, arthAt isake pratyeka sargake antima vRttameM 'siddhi' zabda AyA hai| yaha svopajJaTIkAsahita hai| isameM prathama tIrthakarake putra bharatake abhyudayakA varNana hogA / saMbhavataH mahAkAvya hai / yaha bhI aprApya hai| 3 zAnadIpikA-yaha dharmAmRta ( sAgAra-anagAra ) kI svopajJa paMjikA TIkA hai / kolhApurake jaina maThameM isakI eka kanar3I prati thI, jisakA upayoga sva. paM. kallApA bharamAppA niTavene sAgAradharmAmRtakI marAThI TIkAmeM kiyA thA aura usameM TippaNIke taurapara usakA adhikAMza chapA diyA thaa| usIke AdhArase mANikacanda-granthamAlAdvArA prakAzita sAgAradharmAmRta saTIkameM bhI usakI adhikAMza TippaNiyA~ de dI gaI thiiN| usake bAda mAlUma huA ki ukta kanar3I prati jalakara naSTa ho gaI ! anyatra kisI bhaNDArameM abhItaka isa paMjikAkA patA nahIM lgaa|

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paNDitavara AzAdhara 4 rAjImatI-vipralaMbha-yaha eka khaNDa-kAvya hai aura svopajJaTIkAsahita hai / isameM rAjImatIke neminAtha-viyogakA kathAnaka hai / yaha bhI aprApya hai / 5 adhyAtma-rahasya-yogAbhyAsakA Arambha karanevAloMke lie yaha bahuta hI sugama yogazAstrakA grantha hai| ise unhoMne apane pitAke Adezase likhA thA / aprApya hai| mUlArAdhanA-TIkA-yaha zivAryakI prAkRta ArAdhanAkI TIkA hai jo kucha samaya pahale zolApurase aparAjitasUri aura amitagatikI TIkAoMke sAtha prakAzita ho cukI hai| jisa pratiparase vaha prakAzita huI hai usake kucha pRSTha kho gaye haiM, jinameM sampUrNa prazasti rahI hogii| 7 iSTopadeza-TIkA-AcArya pUjyapAdake suprasiddha granthakI yaha TIkA mANikacaMdra-jaina-grantha-mAlAke tattvAnuzAsanAdi-saMgrahameM prakAzita ho cukI hai| 8 bhUpAlacaturviMzatikA-TIkA--bhUpAlakavike prasiddha stotrakI yaha TIkA bhI abataka nahIM milii| 9 ArAdhanAsAra-TIkA-yaha AcArya devasenake ArAdhanAsAra nAmaka prAkRta graMthakI TIkA hai / aprApya / 10 amarakoSa-TIkA--- suprasiddha koSakI TIkA / aprApya / 11 kriyAkalApa-bambaIke ai0 pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavanameM isa graMthakI eka naI likhI huI azuddha prati hai, jisameM 52 patra haiM aura jo 1976 zloka pramANa hai / yaha grantha prabhAcandrAcAryake kriyAkalApake DhaMgakA hai / granthameM antaprazasti nahIM hai| 1 vindhyavarmA jisakI gaddIpara baiThA thA, usa ajayavarmAke bhAI lakSmIvarmAkA yaha pautra thA / 2-prArambhake do padya ye haiM jinendramunmUlitakarmabandhaM praNamya sanmArgakRtasvarUpaM / anantabodhAdibhavaM guNaughaM kriyAkalApaM prakaTaM pravakSye / / 1 // yogidhyAnaikagamyaH paramavizadadRgvizvarUpaH satacca / svAntasthe maiva sAdhyaM tadamalamatayastatpadadhyAnabIjaM, cittasthairya vidhAtuM tadanavaguNagrAmagAr3hAmarAga, tatpUjAkarma karmacchiduramati yathAsUtramAsUtrayantu // 2 //

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136 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 12 kAvyAlaMkAra-TIkA-alaMkArazAstrake suprasiddha AcArya rudraTake kAvyAlaMkArapara yaha TIkA likhI gaI hai / aprApya / 13 sahasranAmastavana saTIka-paNDita AzAdharakA sahasranAma stotra sarvatra sulabha hai / chapa bhI cukA hai| parantu usakI svopajJa TIkA abhItaka aprApya hai / bambaIke sarasvatI-bhavanameM isa sahasranAmakI eka TIkA hai parantu vaha zrutasAgarasUrikRta hai| 14 jinayajJakalpa saTIka-jinayajJakalpakA dUsarA nAma pratiSThAsAroddhAra hai / yaha mUla mAtra to paNDita manoharalAlajI zAstrIdvArA saM0 1972 meM prakAzita ho cukA hai / parantu isakI svopajJa TIkA aprApya hai / isa granthako paNDitajIne apane dharbhAmatazAstrakA eka aMga batalAyA hai|| 15 triSaSTismRtizAstra saTIka-yaha grantha kucha samaya pUrva mANikacandragranthamAlAmeM marAThI anuvAdasahita prakAzita ho cukA hai| saMskRta-TIkAke aMza TippaNIke taurapara nIce de diye gaye haiN| 16 nityamahodyota-yaha snAna-zAstra yA jinAbhiSeka abhI kucha hI samaya pahale paNDita pannAlAlajI sonIdvArA saMpAdita 'abhiSekapATha-saMgraha' meM zrIzrutasAgarasUrikI saMskRtaTIkAsahita prakAzita ho cukA hai| 17 ratnatraya-vidhAna-yaha choTA-sA ATha patroMkA grantha bambaike ai0 pa. sarasvatI-bhavanameM hai| 28 aSTAMgahRdayodyotinI TIkA-yaha AyurvedAcArya vAgbhaTake suprasiddha grantha vAgbhaTa yA aSTAMgahRdayakI TIkA hai aura aprApya hai / 19-20 sAgAra aura anagAra-dharmAmRtakI bhavyakumudacandrikA TIkA-yaha TIkA pRthak pRthak do jildoMmeM prakAzita ho cukI hai| 1 - isakA maMgalAcaraNa yaha hai zrIvardhamAnamAnamya gautamAdIMzca sadgurUn ratnatrayavidhiM vakSye yathAmnAyAM vimuktaye // 2 -- AzAdharaviracita pUjApATha ' nAmase lagabhaga cArasau pRSThakA eka grantha zrI nemIzA AdappA upAdhye, udagA~va ( kolhApura ) ne koI 20 varSa pahale prakAzita kiyA thA / parantu usameM AzAdharakI muzkilase do cAra choTI choTI racanAyeM hoMgI, zeSa saba dUsaroMkI haiM / aura jo haiM ve unake prasiddha granthoM se lI gaI jAna par3atI haiM /

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paNDitavara AzAdhara 137 ___ ina bIsa granthoM se mUlArAdhanA-TIkA, iSTopadeza-TIkA, sahasranAma mUla ( TIkA nahIM), jinayajJakalpa mUla (TIkA nahIM ), triSaSTismRti, dharmAmRtake sAgAra anagAra bhAgoMkI bhavya-kumudacaMdrikA TIkA aura nityamahodyota mUla ( TIkA nahIM) ye grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiM aura kriyAkalApa upalabdha hai / bharatAbhyudaya aura prameyaratnAkarake nAma sonAgirake bhaTTArakajIke bhaNDArakI sUcImeM abase lagabhaga 28 varSa pahale maiMne dekhe the / saMbhava hai ve vahA~ke bhaNDArameM hoM / hamAre khayAlameM AzAdharajIkA sAhitya naSTa nahIM huA hai / prayatna karanese vaha mila sakatA hai / racanAkA samaya pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki paNDita AzAdharajIkI eka hI prazasti hai jo kucha padyoMkI nyUnAdhikatAke sAtha unake tIna mukhya granthoM meM milatI hai| jinayajJakalpa vi0 saM0 1285 meM, sAmAradharmAmRta-TIkA 1296 meM aura anagAradharmAmRta TIkA saM0 1300 meM samApta huI hai| jinayajJakalpakI prazastimeM jina dasa granthoMke nAma diye haiM, ve 1285 ke pahaleke bane hue hone cAhie / usake bAda sAgAradharmAmRta-TIkAkI samApti taka arthAt 1296 taka kAvyAlaMkAra-TIkA, saTIka sahasranAma, saTIka jinayajJakalpa, saTIka triSaSTismRti aura nityamahodyota ye pA~ca grantha bane / antameM 1300 taka rAjImatI-vipralambha, adhyAtmarahasya, ratnatrayavidhAna aura anagAradharma-TIkAkI racanA huii| moTe taurapara yahI grantha-racanAkA samaya hai| triSaSTismRtikI prazastise mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha 1392 meM banA hai / iSTopadeza TIkAmeM samaya nahIM diyA / sahayogI vidvAn 1 paNDita mahAvIra-ye vAdirAja padavIse vibhUSita paM0 dharasenake ziSya ziSya the / paM0 AzAdharajIne dhArAmeM Akara inase jainendra vyAkaraNa aura jaina nyAyazAstra par3hA thaa| * 2 udayasena muni-jAna par3atA hai, ye koI vayojyeSTha pratiSThita muni the aura kaviyoMke suhRd the / inhoMne paM0 AzAdharajIko 'kali kAlidAsa' kahakara abhinandita kiyA thaa|

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138 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 3-4 vAdIndra vizAlakIrti aura madanakIrti yatipati-vizAlakIrtiko paM0 AzAdharane nyAyazAstra par3hAyA thA aura isa parama astrakA abhyAsa karake unhoMne vipakSiyoMko jItA thaa| madanakIrti vizAlakIrtike ziSya the| paNDita madanakIrtike viSayameM rAjazekharasUrike 'caturvizati-prabandha' meM jo vi0 saM0 1405 meM nirmita huA hai aura jisameM prAyaH aitihAsika kathAyeM hI dI haiM 'madanakIrti-prabandha' nAmakA eka prabandha hai| usakA sArAMza yaha hai ki madanakIrti. vAdIndra vizAlakIrtike ziSya the| ve bar3e bhArI vidvAn the / cAroM dizAoMke vAdiyoMko jItakara unhoMne ' mahAprAmANika-cUDAmaNi ' padavI prAptakI thii| eka bAra guruke niSedha karanepara bhI ve dakSiNApathako prayANa karake karnATakameM pahu~ce / vahA~ vidvatpriya vijayapuranareza kuntibhoja unake pANDityapara mohita ho gaye aura unhoMne unase apane pUrvajoMke caritrapara eka grantha nirmANa karaneko kahA / kuntibhojakI kanyA madana-maJjarI sulekhikA thii| madanakIrti padya-racanA karate jAte the aura maJjarI eka pardekI Ar3a meM baiThakara use likhatI jAtI thii| kucha samayameM donoMke bIca premakA AvirbhAva huA aura ve eka dUsareko cAhane lage / jaba rAjAko isakA patA lagA to usane madanakIrtiko vadha karanekI AjJA de dI / parantu jaba unake lie kanyA bhI apanI saheliyoMke sAtha maraneke lie taiyAra ho gaI, to rAjA lAcAra ho gayA aura usane donoMko vivAha-sUtrameM bA~dha diyaa| madanakIrti anta taka gRhastha hI rahe aura vizAlakIrtidvArA bAra bAra patroMse prabuddha kiye jAne para bhI Tasase masa nahIM hue| __ zrIsomadevamunikRta zabdArNavacandrikAkI prazastise mAlUma hotA hai ki unhoMne kolhApura prAntAntargata arjurikA nAmaka grAmameM zaka saMvat 1127 (vi0 saM0 1.62 ) meM vAdIbhavajrAMkuza vizAlakIrti paNDitadevake vaiyAvRtyase apane isa granthakI racanA kI aura usa samaya vahA~ zilAhAravaMzIya vIra bhojadevakA rAjya thii| 1 " svasti zrIkolhApuradezAntavA rikAmahAsthAnayudhiSThirAvatAramahAmaNDalezvaragaMDarAdityadevanirmApitatribhuvanatilakajinAlaye zrIparamaparameSThizrIneminAthazrIpAdapadmArAdhanabalena vAdIbhavajrAMkuzazrIvizAlakIrtipaMDitadevavaiyAvRtyataH zrImacchilAhArakulakamalamArtaNDateja:puJjarAjAdhirAjaparamezvaraparamabhaTTArakapazcimacakravati-zrIvIrabhojadevavijayarAjye zakavakasahasrakazata. saptaviMzati 1127 tama krodhanasaMvatsare svasti samastAnavadya-vidyAcakravartizrIpUjyapAdAnuraktacetasA zrImatsomadevamunIzvareNa viraciteyaM zabdArNavacandrikA nAmavRttiriti / iti zrIpUjyapAdakRtajainendramahAvyAkaraNaM sampUrNam /

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paNDitavara AzAdhara 139 yaha samaya paM0 AzAdharake samayase mela khAtA hai aura yaha anumAna karaneke lie lalacAtA hai ki vizAlakIrti apane ziSya madanakIrtiko samajhAneke lie zAyada kolhApurakI tarapha gaye hoM aura tabhI unhoMne somadevakI vaiyAvRtti kI ho / prabandhavarNita vijayapuranareza kuntibhoja aura somadevavarNita vIra bhojadeva bhI eka hI mAlUma hote haiN| yaha prabandha madanakIrtise koI sau varSa bAda likhA gayA hai / isase sambhava hai ki isameM kucha atizayokti ho, ghaTanAko kucha gaharA raMga de diyA gayA ho yA tor3A maror3A gayA ho, parantu isameM kucha tathya jarUra hai|| __ madanakIrtikI banAI huI 'zAsanacatustriMzatikA' nAmaka pA~ca patroMkI eka pothI hamAre pAsa hai jisameM maMgalAcaraNake eka anuSTupa zlokake atirikta 34 zArdUlavikrIr3ita vRtta haiM aura pratyekake antameM 'digvAsasAM zAsanaM' pada hai| yaha eka prakArakA tIrthakSetroMkA stavana hai jisameM podanapura, bAhubali, zrIpura-pArzvanAtha, zaMkha-jinezvara, dakSiNa gommaTa, nAgadraha-jina, medapATa ( mevAr3a ) ke nAgaphaNI grAmake pallI-jinezvara, mAlavAke maGgalapurake abhinandana jina, AdikI stuti haiN| isameM jo mlecchoMke pratApakA Agamana batalAyA hai, usase ye paM0 AzAdharajIke hI samakAlIna mAlUma hote haiM / racanA inakI praur3ha hai| paM0 AzAdharajIkI prazaMsA inhoMne kI hogii| abhItaka inakA aura koI grantha nahIM milA hai| 5 bilhaNa kavIza-bilhaNa nAmake aneka kavi ho gaye haiN| unameM vidyApati bilhaNa bahuta prasiddha haiM, jinakA banAyA huA vikramAMkadeva-carita hai / 1 isa pratimeM likhanekA samaya nahIM diyA hai parantu vaha do tInasau varSase kama purAnI nahIM mAlUma hotI / jagaha jagaha akSara ur3a gaye haiM jisase bahutase padya pUre nahIM par3he jaate| 2 zrIjinaprabhasUrike - vividha tIrthakalpa ' meM ' avantidezastha abhinandanadevakalpa , nAmakA eka kalpa hai, jisameM aminandana jinakI bhagna mUtike jur3a jAne aura atizaya prakaTa hoMnekI kathA dI hai / zAsanacatustriMzatikAMkA maMgalapuravAlA padya yaha hai zrImanmAlavadezamaMgalapure mlecchapratApAgate bhagnA mUrtirathobhiyojitazirAH sampUrNatAmAyayau / yasyopadravanAzinaH kaliyuge'nekaprabhAvairyutaH, sa zrImAnabhinandanaH sthirayataM digvAsasAM zAsanaM // 34 //

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140 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kAlameM vi0 usa samaya mA pA~cavIM yaha kavi kAzmIranareza kalazake rAjya-kAlameM vi0 saM0 1119 ke lagabhaga kAzmIrase calA thA aura jisa samaya dhArAmeM pahu~cA usa samaya bhojadevakI mRtyu ho cukI thii| isase ve AzAdharake prazaMsaka nahIM ho sakate / bhojakI pA~cavIM pIr3hIke rAjA vindhyavarmAke maMtrI bilhaNa unase bahuta pIche hue haiN| caura-paMcAsikA yA bilhaNa-caritakA kartA bilhaNa bhI inase bhinna thaa| kyoMki usameM jisa vairisiMha rAjAkI kanyA zazikalAke sAtha bilhaNakA prema sambandha varNita hai vaha vi0 saM0 900 ke lagabhaga huA hai| zArGgadhara-paddhati, sUktamuktAvalI Adi subhASita-saMgrahoMmeM bilhaNa kavike nAmase aise bahutase zloka milate haiM jo na vidyApati bilhaNake vikramAMkadevacarita aura karNasundarI nATikAmeM haiM aura na caurapaMcAsikAmeM / kyA Azcarya hai jo ve inhIM maMtrivara bilhaNa kavike ho / ___ mAMDUmeM mile hue vindhyavarmAke lekhameM ina bilhaNakA ina zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai-" vindhyavarma-nRpateH prasAdabhUH / sAndhivigrahakavilhaNaH kaviH / " arthAt bilhaNakavi vindhyavarmAke kRpApAtra aura pararASTra-saciva the / 6-50 devacandra-inheM paNDita AzAdharajIne vyAkaraNa-zAstrameM pAraMgata kiyA thaa| 7-bhaTTAraka vinayacandra-iSTopadezakI TIkAke anusAra ye sAgaracandra munIndra ke ziSya the aura inheM paNDitajIne dharmazAstrakA adhyayana karAyA thaa| inhIMke kahanese unhoMne iSTopadezakI TIkA banAI thii| 8-mahAkavi madanopAdhyAya-hamArA anumAna hai ki ye vindhyavAke saMdhivigrahika maMtrI bilhaNa kavIzake hI putra hoMge' / 'bAla-sarasvatI' nAmase ye prakhyAta the aura mAlavanareza arjunavIke guru the| arjunavAne apanI amaruzatakakI saMjIvinI TIkAmeM jagaha jagaha ' yaduktamupAdhyAyena bAla-sarasvatyAparanAmnA madanena' likhakara inake aneka padya uddhRta kiye haiN| unase mAlUma hotA hai ki madanakA koI alaMkAraviSayaka grantha thA / mahAkavi madanakI pArijAtamaMjarI nAmakI eka nATikA thI, jisake do aMka dhArakI 'kamAla maulA' masajidameM pattharoMpara khude hue mile haiM / anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki zeSa aMkoMke patthara bhI ukta masajidameM hI kahIM lage hoNge| pahale yaha nATikA mahArAjA bhoja 1 dekhie Age prazastike 6-7 veM padya /

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paNDitavara AzAdhara 141 devadvArA sthApita zAradA-sadana nAmaka pAThazAlAmeM utkIrNa karake rakkhI gaI thI aura vahIM khelI gaI thii| arjunavarmadevake jo tIna dAna-patra mile haiM ve inhIM madanopAdhyAyake race hue haiN| unake aMtameM likhA hai-" racitamidaM rAjaguruNA madanena / ' madana gaur3a brAhmaNa the| paNDita AzAdharajIne inheM kAvya-zAstra par3hAyA thA / 9-paMDita jAjAka-inakI preraNAse paNDitajIne pratidinake svAdhyAyake lie triSaSTismRtizAstrakI racanA kI thii| inake viSayameM aura kucha nahIM mAlUma huaa| 10 haradeva-ye khaNDelavAla zrAvaka the aura alhaNa-suta pApA sAhuke do putroMmeMse ( bahudeva aura padmasiMhameMse) bahudevake putra the / udayadeva aura staMbhadeva inake choTe bhAI the / inhIMkI vijJaptise paMDitajIne anagAradharmAmRtakI bhavyakumudacandikA TIkA likhI thii| 11 mahIcandra sAhu--ye paurapATa vaMzake arthAt paravAra jAtike samuddhara zreSThIke lar3ake the / inakI preraNAse sAgAradharmAmRtakI TIkAkI racanA huI thI aura inhIMne usakI pahalI prati likhI thii| 12 dhanacandra-inakA aura koI paricaya nahIM diyA hai| sAgAra dharmaTIkAkI racanAke lie inhoMne bhI uparodha kiyA thaa| 13 kelhaNa--ye khaNDelavAlavaMzake the aura inhoMne jina bhagavAnakI aneka pratiSThAyeM karAke pratiSThA prApta kI thii| sUktiyoMke anurAgase arthAt sundara kavitvapUrNa racanA honeke kAraNa inhoMne 'jinayajJa-kalpa 'kA pracAra kiyA thaa| yajJakalpakI pahalI prati bhI inhIMne likhI thii| 14 dhInAka--ye bhI khaNDelavAla the| inake pitAkA nAma mahaNa aura mAtAkA kamalazrI thaa| inhoMne triSaSTismRtizAstrakI sabase pahalI prati likhI thii| kavi ahardadAsa-ye munisuvratakAvya, purudevacampU aura bhavyajanakaMThArabharaNake kartA haiM / paMjinadAsa zAstrIke khayAlase ye bhI paMDita AzAdharake ziSya the| parantu isake pramANameM unhoMne jo ukta granthoMke padya uddhRta kiye haiM, unase to itanA hI mAlUma * paurapATa aura paravAra eka hI haiM , isake lie dekhie 'paravAra jAtike itihAsapara prakAza ' zIrSaka lekh|

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142 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa hotA hai ki AzAdharakI sUktiyoMse aura granthoMse unakI dRSTi nirmala ho gaI thii| ve unake sAkSAt ziSya the, yA unake sahavAsameM rahe the, yaha prakaTa nahIM hotA / paNDita AzAdharajIne bhI unakA kahIM spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| aba una padyoMpara vicAra kiijie| __ munisuvrata kAvyake antameM kahA hai ki kumArgoMse bhare hue saMsArarUpI vanameM jo eka zreSTha mArga thA, use chor3akara maiM bahuta kAla taka bhaTakatA rahA, antameM bahuta thakakara kisI taraha kAlalabdhivaza use phira pAyA / so aba jinavacanarUpa kSIrasAgarase uddhRta kiye hue dharmAmRta ( AzAdharake dharmAmRtazAstra ?)ko santoSapUrvaka pI pIkara aura vigatazrama hokara maiM arhadbhagavAnakA dAsa hotA huuN|' mithyAtva-karma-paTalase bahuta kAla taka DhaMkI huI merI donoM A~kheM jo kumArgameM hI jAtI thIM, AzAdharakI uktiyoMke viziSTa aMjanase svaccha ho gaI aura isa lie aba maiM satpathakA Azraya letA huuN| 2 / ___ isI taraha purudevacampUke antameM A~khoMke badale apane manake lie kahA ki " mithyAtvakI kIcar3ase ga~dale hue mere isa mAnasameM jo ki aba AzAdharakI sUktiyA~kI nirmalIke prayogase prasanna yA svaccha ho gayA hai / / bhavyakaNThAbharaNameM bhI AzAdharasUrikI isI taraha prazaMsA kI hai ki unakI sUktiyA~ bhavabhIru gRhasthoM aura muniyoMke lie sahAyaka haiN| ina padyoMmeM spaSTa hI unakI sUktiyoM yA unake sadgranthoMkA hI saMketa hai jinake dvArA arhaddAsajIko sanmArgakI prApti huI thI, guru-ziSyatvakA nhiiN| hA, caturvizati-prabandhakI pUrvokta kathAko par3hane ke bAda hamArA yaha kalpanA karaneko jI avazya hotA hai ki kahIM madanakIrti hI to kumArgameM ThokareM khAte khAte antameM AzAdharakI sUktiyoMse arhaddAsa na bana gaye hoM / pUrvokta granthoM meM jo bhAva 1-dhAvankApathasaMbhRte bhavavane sanmArgamekaM param tyaktvA zrAMtatarazcirAya kathamapyAsAdya kAlAdamum / saddharmAmRtamuddhRtaM jinavacaHkSIrodadherAdarAt , pAyaM pAyamitaH zramaH sukhapathaM dAso bhavAmyarhataH / / 64 // 2--mithyAtvakarmapaTalaizviramAvRte me yugme dRzeH kupathayAnanidAnabhUte / AzAdharoktilasadaMjanasaMprayogairacchIkRte pRthulasatpathamAzrito'smi // 65 // 3-mithyAtvapaMkakaluSe mama mAnase'sminnAzAdharoktikatakaprasaraiH prasanne /

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paNDitavara AzAdhara 143 vyakta kiye gaye haiM, unase to isa kalpanAko bahuta puSTi milatI hai aura phira yaha arhaddAsa nAma bhI vizeSaNa jaisA hI mAlUma hotA hai / sambhava hai unakA vAstavika nAma kucha aura hI rahA ho / yaha nAma eka tarahakI bhAvukatA aura vinayazIlatA hI prakaTa karatA hai / isa sambandhameM eka bAta aura bhI noTa karane lAyaka hai ki addAsajI ke granthoMkA pracAra prAyaH karNATaka prAMta meM hI rahA hai jahA~ ki ve caturviMzatiprabandhakI kathAke anusAra sumArgase patita hokara rahane lage the aura jaisA ki zabdArNavacadrikAkI prazastise mAlUma hotA hai unake guru vizAlakIrti bhI vahA~ pahu~ca gaye the / khUba saMbhava hai ki unhIMke prayatna satpathapara phira lauTa Aye hoM aura addAsa banakara vahIM rahane lage hoM / itanA saba likha cukane ke bAda hama paM0 AzAdharajIke antima grantha anagAradharmAmRta TIkAkI antya prazasti uddhRta kara dete haiM jisake AdhArapara pUrvokta saba bAteM kahI gaI haiM / yaha unakI mukhya prazasti hai, anya granthoMkI prazastiyA~ isI meM kucha padya kama jyAdA karake banI haiM / una nyUnAdhika padyoMko bhI hamane TippaNI meM de diyA hai / mukhya prazasti zrImAnasti sapadalakSaviSayaH zAkambharIbhUSaNastatra zrIratidhAma maNDalaikaraM nAmAsti durga mahat / 1-2-sapAdalakSako bhASAmeM sabAlakha kahate haiM / nAgaura (jodhapura) ke AsapAsakA pradeza sabAlakha nAmase prasiddha hai / vahA~ pahale cauhAna rAjAoMkA rAjya thA / phira sA~bhara aura ajamera ke cauhAna rAjAoM kA sArA deza sapAdalakSa kahalAne lagA, aura usake sambandhase cauhAna rAjAoMko ' sapAdalakSIya nRpati' vizeSaNa diyA jAne lagA / sA~bharako hI zAkaMbharI kahate haiM / sA~bhara jhIla jo namakakA Akara hai, usa samaya sabAlakha dezakI 1 siMgAra thI, arthAt sA~bharakA rAjya bhI taba sabAlakhameM zAmila thA / maNDalakara durga arthAta mAMDalagar3hakA kilA isa samaya mevAr3a rAjya meM hai, parantu usa samaya mevAr3akA sArA pUrvIya bhAga cauhAnoMke adhIna thaa| cauhAna rAjAoMke bahutase zilAlekha vahA~ mile haiM / pRthvIrAjake samaya taka vahA~ ke adhikArI cauhAna rahe haiM / ajamera jaba musalamAnoM ke kabje meM AyA taba mAMDalagar3ha bhI unake hAtha calA gayA /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zrIratnyAmudapAdi tatra vimalavyAgheravAlAnvayA cchIsallakSaNato jinendrasamayazraddhAlurAzAdharaH // 1 // sarasvatyAmivAtmAnaM sarasvatyAmajIjanan / yaH putraM chAhaDaM guNyaM rAMjatArjunabhUpatim / / 2 " vyA ravAlavaravaMzasarojahaMsa: kAvyAmRtogharasapAnasutRptagAtraH / salakSaNasya tanayo nayavizvacakSurAzAdharo vijayatAM kalikAlidAsaH" / / 3 / / ityudayasenamuninA kavisuhRdA yo'bhinanditaH prItyA / " prajJApuMjo'sI" ti ca yo'bhihito madanakIrtiyatipatinA // 4 // lecchezena sapAdalakSaviSaye vyApte suvRttakSatitrAsAdvindhyanarendradoHparimalasphUrjatrivargoMjasi / prApto mAlavamaNDale bahuparIvAraH purImAvasan yo dhArAmapaThajinapramitivAkzAstra mahAvIrataH / / 5 / / 1-~-arthAt apane Apako jisa taraha sarasvatI ( vAgdevatA) meM prakTa kiyA usI taraha jisane apanI patnI sarasvatImeM chAhaDa nAmaka guNI putrako janma diyaa| ___ 2 mUlArAdhanA TIkA ( solApura ) jisa pratiparase prakAzita huI hai, usameM prazastike ye cAra hI padya mile haiM aura saMpAdaka paM0 jinadAsa zAstrIne prazastiko apUrNa likhA hai / zAyada AgekA patra gAyaba hai| 3 triSaSTismRtizAstrakI prazastimeM prArambhake do padyoMke bAda * vyAgheravAla' Adi padya na na hokara ' mlecchezena' Adi pA~cavA~ padya hai| usake bAda 'zrImadarjunabhUpAla' Adi AThavA~ aura phira * yodrAgvyAkaraNAbdhi ' Adi navA~ padya diyA hai / 4 mlecchezena sAhibudinaturuSkarAjena / ---bhavyakumudacandrikA TIkA / isa mleccharAjAko ' sAhibuddIna turuSka ' batalAyA hai / yaha gajanIkA bAdazAha zahAbuddIna gorI hI hai / isane vi0 saM0 1249 (I0 sa0 1192) meM pRthvIrAjako harAkara dillIko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| usI varSa ajamerako bhI apane adhIna karake aura apane eka saradArako sArA kArobAra soMpakara vaha gajanI lauTa gayA thaa| zahAbuddInane pRthvIrAja cauhAnase dillIkA siMhAsana chInate hI ajamerapara dhAvA kiyA hogA, kyoMki ajamera bhI pRthvIrAjake adhikArameM thA aura usI samaya sapAdalakSa deza usake atyAcAroMse vyApta ho rahA hogaa| isI samaya arthAt vikrama saMvat 1249 ke lagabhaga paM0 AzAdhara mAMDalagaDha chor3akara dhArAmeM Aye hoNge|

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paNDitavara AzAdhara " AzAdhara tvaM mayi viddhi siddhaM nisargasaudaryamajayaMmArya / sarasvatIputratayA yadetadarthe paraM vAcyamayaM prapaJcaH " // 6 // ityupazlokito vidvadvilhaNena kavIzinA / zrIvindhyabhUpatimahAsAndhivigrahikeNa yaH / / 7 / / zrImadarjunabhUpAlarAjye zrAvakasaMkule / jinadharmodayArtha yo nalakacchapure'vasat / / 8 / / yo drAgvyAkaraNAbdhipAramanayacchuzrUSamANAnna kAn , paTatIparamAstramAnya na yataH pratyarthinaH ke'kSipan / ceru: ka'skhalitaM na yena jinavAgdIpaM pathi grAhitAH, pItvA kAvyasudhAM yatazca rasikevApuH pratiSThAM na ke // 9 // 1-anagAradharmAmRtakI mudrita TIkAmeM vindhyabhUpatikA khulAsA 'vijayavarma. mAlavAdhipatiH' kiyA hai; parantu hamAre anumAnase lipikArake dApase athavA prUpha-saMzodhaka. kI asAvadhAnIse hI vindhyavarma'kI jagaha 'vijayavarma' ho gayA hai| paramAravaMzakI vaMzAvaliyoM aura zilAlekhoMmeM vindhyavarmAkA 'vijayavarmA' nAmAntara nahIM miltaa| zrIyuta lele aura karnala luarDane vindhyavarmAkA samaya vi0 saM0 1217 se 1237 taka nizcita kiyA hai| parantu paM0 AzAdharajIke ukta kathanase kamase kama 1249 taka vindhyavAMkA rAjya-kAla mAnA jAnA cAhie / ukta vidvAnAMne vindhyavarmAke putra aura uttarAdhikArI subhaTavarmA ( sohaDa kA samaya 1237 se 1267 taka mAnA hai, parantu subhaTavarmA 1237 meM rAjA thA, isakA koI puSTa pramANa nahIM hai, vaha 1249 ke bAda hI rAjapadapara AyA hogaa| 2 nalakacchapurako isa samaya nAlachA kahate haiN| yaha sthAna dhAra (mAlavA ) se 10 kosakI dUrIpara hai / aba bhI vahA~para zrAvakoMke kucha ghara haiM, jainamandira bhI hai| 3-tripaSTismatikI prazastimeM isa padyakA naMbara pA~ca hai| usake Age nIce likhe padya haiM dharmAmRtAdizAstrANi kuzAgrIyadhiyAmiva / yaH siddhayakaM mahAkAvyaM rasikAnAM mude'sRjat // 6 // sohamAzAdharaH kaNThamalaMkartu sadharmiNAm / paJjikAlaMkRtaM granthamimaM puNyamarIracam / / 7 // kvArSamabdhiH ka maddhIstaistathApyetachUtaM mayA / puNyaiH sadbhayaH kathAratnAnyuddhatya grathitAnyataH // 8 // 10

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246 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa syAdvAdavidyAvizada prasAdaH prameyaratnAkaranAmadheyaH / tarkaprabandha niravadyapadyapIyUpapUro vahati sma yasmAt // 10 // siddhyaGkaM bharatezvarAbhyudayasatkAvyaM nibandhojjvalaM, straividyakavIndra modanasahaM svazreyase'rIracat / yodvAkyarasaM nibandharuciraM zAstraM ca dharmAmRtaM, nirmAya nyadadhAnmumukSuviduSAmAnandasAndre hRdi // 11 // rAjImatI vipralambhaM nAma nemIzvarAnugam | vyadhatta khaNDakAvyaM ya H svayaMkRtanibandhanam // 12 // AdezAtpituradhyAtmarahasyaM nAma yo vyadhAt / zAstraM prasannagambhIraM priyamArabdhayoginAm // 13 // yo mUlArAdhaneSTopadezAdiSu nibandhanam / vyadhattAmarakoSe ca kriyAkalApamujjagau || 14 | saMkSipyatAM purANAni nityasvAdhyAyasiddhaye / iti paNDitajAjAkA dvijJapti: prerikAtra me // 9 // yacchasthatayA kiJcidatrAsti skhalitaM mama / tatsaMzodhya paThantvenaM jinazAsanabhAktikAH // 10 // mahApurANAntastattvasaMgrahaM paThatAmimaM / tripaSTismRtinAmAnaM dRSTidevI prasIdatu // 11 // pramAra vaMzavArSIndudevapAlanRpAtmaje / zrImajjaitugideve'si sthAmnAvantamivatyalam // 12 // nalakacchapure zrImannemicaityAlaye'sidhat / graMtho'yaM dvinavadvayekavikramArkasamAtyaye // 13 // svANDilyavaMze mahaNakamalazrIsutaH sudRk / dhInAko vardhatAM yena likhitAsyAdyapustikA // 14 // 1 isake Ageke ' rAjImatI ' aura ' AdezAt ' Adi do padya sAgAradharmAmRta aura jinayajJakalpakI prazastiyoMmeM nahIM haiM / 2 pahale bhramavaza yaha samajha liyA thA ki amarakozakI jo paM0 AzAdharakI likhI. TIkA hai, usakA nAma 'kriyA-kalApa' hogA / isa viSaya meM mere 'vidvadalamAlA' ke

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paNDitavara AzAghara raudraTasya vyadhAkAvyAlaMkArasya nibandhanam / sahasranAmastavanaM sanibandhaM ca yorhatAm // 15 // sanibandhaM yazca jinayajJakalpamarIracat / triSaSTismRtizAstraM yo nibandhAlaGkRtaM vyadhAt 16 // yorhanmahAbhiSekArcAvidhiM mohatamoravim / cakre nityamahodyotaM snAnazAstraM jinezinAm // 17 // ratnatrayavidhAnAsya pUjAmAhAtmyavarNakam / ratnatrayavidhAnAkhyaM zAstraM vitanute sma yaH // 18 // lekhakA anusaraNa karake prAyaH sabhI vidvAnAMne isa galtIko duharAyA, yahA~taka ki paM0 pannAlAlajI sonIne bhI apane abhiSekasaMgrahakI bhUmikAmeM yahI mAnA / sAhityAcArya paM0 vizvezvaranAtha reu bhI apane pichale grantha 'rAjA bhoja ' meM 'amarakozakI kriyAkalApa-TIkA ' likha gaye haiN| vAstavameM kriyA-kalApa paM0 AzAdharakA eka alaga grantha hai| 1 isa padyake Age jinayazakalpameM nIce likhe padya diye haiM prAcyAni saMcarcya jinapratiSThAzAstrANi dRSTvA vyavahAramaindraM / AmnAyavicchedatamazcheidayaM granthaH kRtastena yugAnurUpaH // 18 // khANDilyAnvayabhUSaNAlhaNasutaH sAgAradharme rato, vAstavyo nalakacchacArunagare kartA paropakriyAm / sarvajJArcanapAtradAnasamayodyotapratiSThAgraNIH, pApAsAdhurakArayatpunarimaM kRtvoparodhaM muhuH // 19 // vikramavarSasapaMcAzIti dvAdazazatevaptIteSu, AzvinasitAntyadivase sAhasamallAparAkhyasya / zrIdevapAlanRpateH pramArakulazekharasya saurAjye, nalakacchapure siddho granthoyaM neminAthacaityagRhe // 20 // anekAhatpratiSThAptapratiSThaiH kelhaNAdibhiH / sadyaH sUktAnurAgeNa paThitvAyaM pracAritaH / / 21 // nandyAtkhANDilyavaMzotthaH kelhaNo nyAsavittaraH / likhato yena pAThArthamasya prathamapustakam / / 23 / /

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148 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa AyurvedavidAmiSTaM vyaktuM vAgbhaTasaMhitAm / aSTAGgahRdayodyotaM nibandhamasRjacca yeH // 19 // sohamAzAdharo'kArSa TIkAmetAM munipriyAm / svopajJadharmAmRtoktayatidharmaprakAzinIm / / 20 // zabda cArthe ca yatkicidatrAsti skhalitaM mama | chadmasthabhAvAt saMzodhya sUrayastatpaThantvimAm / / 21 // nalakacchapure paurapaurastyaH paramAItaH / jinayajJaguNaucityakRpAdAnaparAyaNaH / / 22 // khaMDilyAnvayakalyANamANikyaM vinayAdimAn / sAdhuH pApAbhidhaH zrImAnAsItpApaparAGmukhaH // 23 // tatputro bahudevo'bhUdAdyaH pitRbharakSamaH / dvitIyaH padmasiMhazca padmAliMgitavigrahaH / / 24 // bahudevAtmajAzcAsan haradevaH sphuradguNaH / udayI stambhadevazca trayastraivargikAtAH // 25 // mugdhabuddhiprabodhArtha mahIcandreNa sAdhunA / dharmAmRtasya sAgAradharmaTIkAsti kAritA // 26 // tasyaiva yatidharmasya kuzAgrIyadhiyAmapi / sudurbodhasya TIkAyai prasAdaH kriyatAmiti // 27 // haradevena vijJapto dhanacandroparodhata / paMDitAzAdhArazcakre TIkAMkSodakSamAmimAm // 28 // vidvadbhirbhavyakumudacandriketyAkhyayoditA / dviSTApyAkalpameSAstAM cintyamAnA mumukSubhiH // 29 // pramAravaMzavArthIndudevapAlanRpAtmaje / zrImajaitugidevesisthAnA'vantIna'vatyalam // 30 // 1 yaha padya sAgAradharmAmRta-TIkAmeM aura jinayazakalpameM 11 naMbarake bAda diyA hai| 2 isake badale sAgAradharmAmRta-TIkAmeM nIce likhA huA padya hai so'hamAzAdharo ramyAmetAM TIkAM vyarIracam / dharmAmatoktasAgAradharmAdhyAyagocarAm // 18 //

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paNDitavara AzAdhara nalakacchapure zrImannemicaityAlaye'sidhat / vikramAbdazateSveSA trayodazasu kArtike // 31 // 1 1 isake sthAnapara sAgAradharmAmRta meM nimna zloka haiM-- nalakacchapure zrImannemi caityAlaye'sidhat / TIkeyaM bhavya kumudacandriketyuditA budhaiH // 20 // praSNavadvayeka saMkhyAna vikramAMka samAtyaye / saptamyAmasite pauSe siddheyaM naMdatAcciram // 21 // zrImAn zreSThasamuddharasya tanayaH zrIpaurapATAnvayavyomenduH sukRtena nandatu mahIcandro yadabhyarthanAt / cakre zrAvakadharmadIpakamimaM granthaM budhAzAdharo 149 granthasyAsya ca lekhito'pi vidadhe yenAdimaH pustakaH |||| 22 || iSTopadeza - TIkAkI prazasti meM nIce likhe tIna padya milate haiMvinayendumunervAkyAdbhavyAnugrahahetunA / iSTopadezaTIkeyaM kRtAzAdharadhImatA || 2 || upazama iva mUrttaH sAgarendumunIndrAdajani vinayacandraH saccako raikacandraH / jagadamRtasagarbhA zAstrasandarbhagarbhaH zucicaritavariSNoryasya dhinvaMti vAcaH // jayanti jagatIvandyA zrImannemijinAMhrayaH / reNavo'pi zirorAjJAmArohanti yadAzritA | 3 |

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zAkaTAyana aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana zAkaTAyana yA pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana nAmake eka bahuta prAcIna AcArya ho gaye haiM jinake matakA ullekha pANinine apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM kiyA hai / Rgveda aura zukla yajurveda ke prAtizAkhyAmeM tathA yAskAcArya ke nirukta meM bhI inakA jikra hai / inakA samaya itihAsajJoMne IsvI san se lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa pahale anumAna kiyA hai' aura unakA ullekha karanevAle pANinikA sAr3he chaha sau varSa pahale / ina zAkaTAyanakA koI vyAkaraNa - grantha thA jo aba milatA nahIM hai / parantu zAkaTAyana nAmakA eka aura vyAkaraNa grantha hai jisake karttA jaina the / ve bhI zAkaTAyana nAmase prasiddha haiM / parantu yaha bahuta kama loga jAnate haiM ki unakA vAstavika nAma pAlyakIrti thA / vAdirAjasUrine apane ' pArzvanAtha carita' kAvya meM unakA smaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai kutastyA tasya sA zaktiH pAlya kIrtermahaujasaH / zrIpadazravaNaM yasya zAbdikAnkurute janAn // arthAt, usa mahAtejasvI pAlyakIrtikI zaktikA kyA varNana kiyA jAya jisakA 'zrI' pada-zravaNa hI logoM ko zAbdika yA vyAkaraNajJa kara detA hai / zAkaTAyanakI amoghavRtti nAmakI eka svopajJa TIkA hai / usakA AraMbha 'zrIvIramamRtaM jyotiH' Adi maMgalAcaraNa se hotA hai / vAdirAjasUrine isI maMgalAcaraNake 'zrI' padako lakSya karake yaha bAta kahI hai ki pAlya kIrti ( zAkaTAyana ) ke vyAkaraNakA Arambha karanepara loga vaiyAkaraNa ho jAte haiM / pUrvokta zlokakI TIkA AcArya zubhacandra apanI ' pArzvanAthacarita - paMjikA' meM isa prakAra karate haiM-- " tasya pAlya kIrteH mahaujasaH zrIpadazravaNaM / zriyA upala 1-2 dekho DA0 zrIpAda kRSNa belavalakarakA 'sisTima Apha saMskRta grAmara / "

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zAkaTAyana aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana 151 kSitAni padAni zAkaTAyanasUtrANi teSAM zravaNaM AkarNanaM / " isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki paMjikAkAra zubhacandra pAlyakIrtiko zAkaTAyana-sUtroMkA kA mAnate the / zAkaTAyana prakriyA-saMgrahake maMgalAMcaraNameM jinezvarako pAlyakIrti aura munIndra vizeSaNa diye haiM, jo zliSTa haiN| usake dvArA eka arthameM jinezvarako aura dUsare arthameM prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa pAlyakIrtiko namaskAra kiyA hai' / zAkaTAyanakI prakriyA banAte samaya yaha sambhava nahIM ki abhayacandra usake mUla kartIko chor3akara anya kisI vaiyAkaraNako namaskAra karate / isase bhI zAkaTAyanakA vAstava nAma pAlyakIrti nizcita hotA hai| zAkaTAyana yA zabdAnuzAsana svayaM granthakarttAne aura TIkAkAroMne bhI isa vyAkaraNakA nAma 'zabdAnuzAsana' batalAyA hai / zAkaTAyana nAma to pIche prasiddha huA jAna par3atA hai| jisa taraha kaviyoMmeM kAlidAsakI adhika prasiddhi honeke kAraNa pIcheke aneka kavi kalidAsa kahalAne lage, usI taraha bahuta bar3e vaiyAkaraNa honeke kAraNa loga pAlyakIrtiko bhI zAkaTAyanAcArya kahane lage aura unake vyAkaraNako zAkaTAyana / vaidika zAkaTAyana prAcIna hai jaba san 1893 meM mi0 gustava ApaTane 'zAkaTAyana prakriyAsaMgraha' prakAzita kiyA, taba unhoMne usakI bhUmikAmeM batalAyA ki ye vahI zAkaTAyana haiM jinakA ullekha pANinine kiyA hai aura isake pramANameM do cAra sUtra aise bhI peza kara diye jo vaidika zAkaTAyanake una sUtroMse milate julate the jinakI carcA pANinine kI hai aura antameM yaha bhI kahA ki ye zAkaTAyana jaina the| parantu jaba unake kathanapara gaharAIse vicAra kiyA taba vaha nissAra sAbita huA aura aba to usapara koI bhI vizvAsa nahIM karatA hai / zAkaTAya yApanIya the zAkaTAyana yA pAlyakIrti kisa sampradAyake the pahale isa viSayameM kAphI mata-bheda rahA / digambara sampradAyake loga pahale unheM apane sampradAyakA mAnate rahe, kyoMki unake yahA~ unake vyAkaraNakA kAphI pracAra thA aura muni dayApAla Adi 1 munIndramabhindyAhaM pAlyakIrti jinezvaram / mandabuddhayanurodhena prakriyAsaMgrahaM bruve / /

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152 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa digambara vidvAnoMne usapara TIkAgrantha bhI likhe the| usake bAda sva0 DAkTara ke0 bI0 pAThaka Adine zvetAmbara batalAyA kyoMki zAkaTAyana-sUtroMmeM Avazyakaniyukti, cheda-sUtra, kAlika-sUtra Adi zvetAmbaramAnya granthoMkA AdarapUrvaka ullekha kiyA gayA hai| parantu aba yaha bilkula nizcita ho cukA hai ki ve ina donoM sampradAyoMse pRthak tIsare yApanIya sampradAyake the, jo ukta donoM sampradAyoMke bIcakI eka kar3I thA aura aba naSTa ho cukA hai / kyoM ki 1 vikramakI terahavIM zatAbdike malayagiri nAmaka zvetAmbarAcAryane nandisUtrakI TIkAmeM unheM yApanIya yatiyoMkA agraNI likhA hai| 2 yApanIya sampradAya zvetAmbaroMke samAna striyoMkA usI bhavameM mokSa honA aura kevaliyoMkA AhAra karanA mAnatA thA jo digambara sampradAyake siddhAntoMse viruddha hai / ina donoM viSayoMpara zAkaTAyanakA banAyA huA 'strInirvANa-kevalibhukti prakaraNa' nAmakA eka choTA-sA grantha upalabdha haA hai aura vaha prakAzita bhI ho cakA hai| usameM strImuktipara 55 aura kevalibhuktipara 34 kArikAyeM haiM / inameM ve saba yuktiyA~ dI gaI haiM jo ina bAtoMko mAnanevAloMkI orase digambaroMke prati upasthita kI jAtI haiM / isakA kucha aMza isa prakAra haiprArambha-praNipatya bhuktimuktipradamamalaM dharmamahato dizataH / vakSye strInirvANaM kevalibhuktiM ca saMkSepAt // 1 // asti strInirvANaM puMvadyadavikalahetukaM strIpu / na viruddhayate hi ratnatrayasampannivatehetuH / / 2 / / ratnatrayaM viruddhaM strItvena yathAmarAdibhAvena / iti vAGmAnaM nAtra pramANamAptAgamo'nyadvA / / 3 / / anta- vigrahagatimApannAdyAgamavacanaM sarvametasmin / muktiM bravIti tasmAdRSTavyA kevalini bhuktiH / / 32 / / 1 zAkaTAyanA'pi yApanIyayatigrAmAgraNI: svopazazabdAnuzAsanakRttAvAdI bhagavataH stutimevamAha ' zrIvIramamRtaM jyotirnatvAdi sarvavedhamAm / ' atra ca nyAsakRtavyAkhyA-sarvavedhasAM sarvajJAnAM sakalazAstranugataparijJAnAnAM Adi prabhavaM prathamamutpattikAraNamiti |-nndisuutr pR0 23 2 dekho jainasAhityamaMzodhaka bhAga 2, aMka 3 /

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TAna aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana nAnAbhogAhAro nirantaraH so vizeSato nAbhUta ( ? ) yuktyA bhedenAGgasthitipuSTikSucchamAstena // 33 // tasya viziSTasya sthitirabhaviSyattena saviziSTena / yadyabhaviSyadiSAM sAlItarabhojaneneva || 34 // 153 ti strInirvANa - kevalibhuktiprakaraNaM bhagavadAcAryazAkaTAyanakRdantapAdAnAmiti / ndrahavIM zatAbdi meM eka vidvAn ne apane samaya meM upalabdha jainagranthoMkI eka bar3I khojake sAtha saMskRta meM likhI thI / usameM kauna grantha, kisa bhASA meM, ne, kisa samaya, kisa viSayapara, kitane parimANakA likhA hai isakA saMkSipta Na jahA~ taka upalabdha ho sakA diyA hai / isa sUcIkA nAma brahaTTapaNikA usameM bhI isa prakaraNakA vivaraNa isa prakAra diyA hai- "" kevalibhuktiktaprakaraNam / zabdAnuzAsana kRtazAkaTAyanAcAryakRtaM tatsaMgraha zlokAcaM 94 / " divetAla zAntisUrine uttarAdhyayana TIkAke 26 veM adhyAya meM, ratnaprabhane karAvatArikAmeM aura yazovijaya upAdhyAyane adhyAtmamataparIkSA tathA zAstravArtAyameM isa prakaraNakI aneka kArikAyeM uddhRta kI haiM / isI taraha AcArya vandrane apane prameyakamalamArtaNDa aura nyAyakumudacandra meM strI-mukti aura -bhuktikA pUrvapakSa isI prakaraNase liyA hai aura isakI eka eka dalIlakA na kiyA hai / , 1 zAkaTAyanakI amoghavRtti meM Avazyaka, chedasUtra, niryukti, kAlika sUtra i granthoMkA jisa taraha ullekha kiyA hai usase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki unake dAya meM ina granthoM ke paThana-pAThanakA pracAra thA aura ye grantha digambara - sampradAya ke haiM jaba ki yApanIyasaMgha ina granthoMko mAnatA thA / * amoghavRtti ' upasarvaguptaM vyAkhyAtAraH kahakara zAkaTAyanane sarvagupta ||ryako sabase bar3A vyAkhyAtA batalAyA hai aura ye sarvagupta vahI jAna par3ate haiM ke caraNoM ke samIpa baiThakara ArAdhanAke kartA zivAryane sUtra aura arthako acchI samajhA thA / aura cU~ki zivArya bhI bahuta karake yApanIya sAmpradAya ke the va unake guruko zreSTha vyAkhyAtA batalAnevAle zAkaTAyana bhI yApanIya hoMge / : yaha saMkhyA anuSTup zlokoM ke hisAbase dI hai / 2 dekho pR0 44 meM ' yApanIya yI khoja ' zIrSaka lekhakI TippaNiyA~ /

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154 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 5 zAkaTAyanako ' zrutakevalidezIyAcArya ' likhA hai aura cintAmaNi-TIkAke kartA yakSavarmAne to unheM ' sakalanajJAnasAmrAjyapadamAptavAn' mAnA hai / parantu digambara sampradAyake anusAra vIra-nirvANa 683 varSake lagabhaga hI zrutakevaliyoM yA ekadezazrutakevaliyoMkA viccheda ho gayA thA / ataeva unakA zrutakevalidezIya honA yApanIyasaMghakI mAnatAke anusAra hI ThIka baiTha sakatA hai / zAkaTAyanakI racanAyeM zAkaTAyanakI isa samaya tIna hI racanAyeM upalabdha haiM, zabdAnuzAsanakA mUla sUtrapATha, usakI amoghavRtti aura Upara jisakA jikra A cukA hai, vaha 'strImuktikevalibhukti prakaraNa' / inake sivAya saMskRtake suprasiddha AcArya rAjazekharane apanI kAvya-mImAMsAmeM pAlyakIrtike matakA ullekha karate hue likhA hai-" yathA tathA vAstu vastuno rUpaM vaktRprakRtivizeSAyattAtu rasavattA / tathA ca yamartha raktaH stauti taM virakto vinindati madhyasthastu tatrodAste, iti pAlyakIrtiH / " isase mAlUma hotA hai ki pAlyakIrti yA zAkaTAyanakA koI sAhitya-viSayaka grantha bhI thA jo abhI taka kahIM milA nahIM hai / kyA Azcarya jo unake aura bhI grantha hoM, jinheM hama nahIM jAnate / 'strImukti kevalibhukti' prakaraNase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve bar3e bhArI tArkika aura siddhAntajJa bhI the| zabdAnuzAsanakI ttiikaayeN| zAkaTAyanake zabdAnuzAsanapara aba taka nIce likhIM sAta TIkAyeM prApta huI haiM 1 amoghavRtti-svayaM sUtrakArakI hI likhI huI hai aura yahI usakI sabase bar3I TIkA hai / rASTrakuTanareza amoghavarSako lakSya karake usakA yaha nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA thaa| kyoMki amoghavarSake samayameM hI zAkaTAyana hue haiM jaisA ki Age calakara batalAyA jAyagA / 2 zAkaTAyana-nyAsa-yaha amoghavRttipara prabhAcandrAcAryakRta nyAsa hai'| isa granthake sirpha do adhyAya upalabdha haiM / parantu unase TIkAkArake sambandhameM kucha 1 zabdAnAM zAsanAkhyasya zAstrasyAnvarthanAmataH prasiddhasya mahAmoghavRtterapi vizeSataH / sUtrANAM ca vivRtirvikhyAte ca yathAmatiH / granthasyAsya ca nyAseti (?) kriyate nAmanAmataH / /

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zAkaTAyana aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana 155 vizeSa prakAza nahIM pdd'taa| paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAryake khayAlameM ye prabhAcandra nyAyakumudacandra Adike katIse bhinna koI dUsare hI prabhAcandra haiN| saMbhava hai ki ve yApanIya saMghake hI hoN| 3 cintAmaNi TIkA ( laghIyasI vRtti )--yaha amoghavRttiko hI saMkSipta karake racI gaI hai| isake kartAkA nAma yakSavarmA hai / inake viSayameM aura kucha mAlUma nahIM hai / ye koI gRhastha vidvAn the| 4 mANiprakAzikA-'maNi' arthAt 'cintAmaNi' ko prakAzita karanevAlI TIkA / isake kartA AjitasenAcArya haiM / __ 5 prakriyA-saMgraha-yaha pANinikI siddhAntakaumudIke DhaMgakI prakriyA TIkA hai / isake kartI abhayacandrAcArya haiM / prakAzita ho cukI hai| zAkaTAyana TIkA--bhAvasena vidyadevakRta / kAtantrakI rUpamAlA TIkAke karttA bhI yahI mAlUma hote haiM / ye 'vAdiparvatavajra' kahalAte the / inakA banAyA huA eka 'vizvatattvaprakAza' nAmakA grantha bhI upalabdha hai| __7 rUpasiddhi-yaha laghukaumudIke samAna choTI TIkA hai / isake kartA dayApAla muni haiN| ye dravir3asaMghake the / inake gurukA nAma matisAgara thaa| ye pArzvanAtha-carita aura nyAya-vinazcaya Adike kartA vAdirAjasUrike sadharmA the| pArzvanAthacaritakI racanA za0 saM0 947 (vi0 saM0 1052 ) meM huI thI, ataeva inakA bhI yahI samaya samajhanA cAhie / yaha TIkA prakAzita ho cukI hai| amoghavRtti svopajJa hai amoghavRtti svayaM zAkaTAyana yA pAlyakIrtikI hai, ise sva0 DA0 ke0 bI0 pAThakane bahuta acchI taraha pratipAdita kiyA hai / ve kahate haiM - zrIvIramamataM jyotirnatvAdiM sarvavedhasAM zabdAnuzAsanasyeyamamoghAvRttirucyate / avineneSTaprasiddhayartha maMgalamArabhyatenamaH zrIvarddhamAnAya prabuddhAzeSavastave / yena zabdArthasambandhAH sArveNa suniruupitaaH|| zabdo vAcakaH artho vAcyaH tayoH sambandho yogyatA athavA zabdo AgamaH 1 hitaiSiNAM yasya nRNAmudAttavAcA nibaddhA hita-rUpasiddhiH / vandyo dayApAlamuniH sa vAcA siddhassatAmmUrddhani yaH prabhAvaiH // 15 -zravaNabelgolakA 54 vA zilAlekha

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156 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa arthaH prayojanaM / abhyudayo niHzreyasaM ca / tayoH sambandha upAyopeyabhAvaH / te yenaM sarvasatvahitena satA tattvataH prajJApitAH tasmai paramAhatyamahimnA virAjamAnAya bhagavate varddhamAnAya SaDapi dravyANi azeSANi anantaparyAyarUpANi sAkalyena sAkSAtkurvate namaH kurve ityupaskAraH / evaM kRtamaMgalarakSAvidhAnaH / paripUrNamalpagranthaM laghUpAyaM zabdAnuzAsanazAstramidaM mahAzramaNasaMghAdhipatibhagavAnAcAryaH zAkaTAyanaH prArabhate / zabdArthajJAnapUrvakaM ca sanmArgAnuSThAnaM / a i u Na / Rk / e o G / ...... hal // 13 / / iti varNasamAmnAyaH kramAnubandhopAdAnaH pratyAhArayan zAstrasya lAghavArthaH / sAmAnyAzrayaNAdIrghaplutAnunAsikAnAM grahaNaM / -amoghavRtti zriyaM kriyAdvaH sarvajJAnajyotiranIzvarI / vizvaM prakAzayacintAmaNizcintArthasAdhanaH / / 1 namastamaH prabhAvAbhibhUtabhUdyotahetave / lokopakAriNe zabdabrahmaNe dvAdazAtmane / / 2 svasti zrIsakalajJAnasAmrAjyapadamAptavAn / mahAzramaNasaMghAdhipatiyaH zAkaTAyanaH / / 3 / / ekaH zabdAmbudhiM buddhimandareNa pramathya yaH / sayazazrIH samuddabhre vizva vyAkaraNamRtam / / 4 / / svalpagranthaM sukhopAyaM sampUrNa yadupakramaM / zabdAnuzAsanaM sArvamarhacchAsanavatparam // 5 // iTiSTA na vaktavyaM vaktavyaM sUtrataH pRthak / saMkhyAtaM nopasaMkhyAnaM yasya zabdAnuzAsane / / 6 / / tasyAtimahatIM vRttiM saMhRtyeyaM laghIyasI / sampUrNalakSaNA vRttirvakSyate yakSavarmaNA // 7 // granthavistarabhIrUNAM sukumArAdhiyAmayaM / zuzrUSAdiguNAnkartu zAstre saMharaNodyamaH / / 8 / / zabdAnuzAsanasyAnvayAzcintAmaNeridaM / vRttergranthapramANaM (hi) SaTsahasraM nirUpitaM / / 9 / / indracandrAdibhiH zAbdairyaduktaM zabdalakSaNa / tadihAsti samastaM ca yatne hAsti na tatvacit / / 10 / /

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zAkaTAyana aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana 157. gaNadhAtupAThayogeNa dhAtUna liMgAnuzAsane liGgagataM / auNAdikAnuNAdau zeSaM niHzeSamatra vRttau vidyAt // 11 // bAlAbalAjanopyasyA vRttarebhyAsavRttitaH / samastaM vAGmayaM vettivarSeNaikena nizcayAt // 12 // tatra sUtrasyAdAvayaM maGgalazlokaH / namaH zrIvarddhamAnAyetyAdi / zabdArthasambandhArthA vAcakavAcyayogyatA athavA AgamaprayojanopAyopeyabhAvAH te yena sarvasattvahitena tattvataH prajJApitAH tasmai zrImate mahAvIrAya sAkSAtkRtsakaladravyAya namaH karomItyavyAhAraH / vighnaprazamanArthama devatAnamaskAraM paramamaGgalamArabhya bhagavAnAcAryaH zAkaTAyanaH zabdAnuzAsanaM zAstramidaM prArabhate / dharmArtha kAmamokSeSu tattvArthAvagatiryataH / zabdArthajJAnapUrvati vedyaM vyAkaraNaM budhaiH || "" a i u N Rka / e au G / ... hala iti varNa samAmnAyaH kramAnubAdhopAdAnaH pratyAhArayan zAstrasya lAghavArtha: / sAmAnyagrahaNAddIrghatAnunAsikAnAM grahaNam / - cintAmaNi TIkA cintAmaNi karttA yakSavarmAne uparilikhita sAtaveM zloka meM kahA hai ki " yaha usakI choTI vRtti hai jise maiMne usakI ( zAkaTAyanakI ) bahuta bar3I vRttise saMkSipta karake banAyA hai / ve yaha nahIM kahate ki yaha merI svatantra racanA hai I aba yaha dekhanA cAhie ki vaha ati mahatI yA bahuta bar3I vRtti kauna-sI hai jisako saMkSipta karake yaha likhI gaI hai / vicAra karake dekhA jAya to mAlUma hogA ki vaha vRtti aura koI nahIM, amoghavRtti hI hai / kyoM ki eka to upalabdha vRttiyoMmeM vahI sabase bar3I hai / dUsare Upara likhI huI donoM prazastiyoM ke kucha bhAga samAna haiM, jo yaha batalAte haiM ki eka vRtti dUsarIko dekhakara yA usIko saMkSepa karake banAI gaI hai / ' iti varNasamAmnAya : ' Adi pATha donoM ke milate julate hue haiM / antara kevala yaha hai ki jahA~ amoghavRtti meM sAmAnyAzrayaNAt' likhA gayA hai vahA~ cintAmaNi meM ' sAmAnyagrahaNAt ' hai / tIsare yakSavamane jisa maMgalazlokakI namaH zrIvarddhamAnAyetyAdi ' pratIka dI hai vaha amoghavRttimeM hI milatI hai / mUlakA yA anya kisI vRttikA yaha zloka nahIM 6 " / isa lokake uttarArddhakI vyAkhyA bhI amoghavRttise thor3A bahuta idhara udhara karake nakala kara dI gaI hai / ina saba bAtoM se yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki cintA - mANa TIkA amoghavRttise pIche banI hai aura vaha amoghavRttikA hI saMkSepa hai /

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158 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa yakSavAne apanI TIkA amoghavRttiko hI kucha phera phAra karake banAI hai, yaha bAta donoM TIkAoMkA milAna karanese acchI taraha samajhameM A jAtI hai / kucha udAharaNa lIjienAmaduH 1-1-17 -mUla zAkaTAyanasUtra yannAmadheyaM saMvyavahArAya haTAnniyujyate devadattAdi tadusaMzaM vA bhavati / devadattIyA daivadattAH / SaDanayAnAhuH siddhasenIyA saiddhasenAH / -amoghavRtti ___ yannAmadheyaM saMvyavahArAya haTAnniyujyate devadattAdi tadu saMzaM vA bhavati / deva. dattIyA daivadattaH / -cintAmaNiTIkA ___ kahIM kahIMpara to yakSavIne amoghavRtti jyokI tyoM nakalabhara kara dI hai / jaise--khyAte dRzye 4-3-207 / ___ bhUte'nadyatane khyAte lokavijJAte dRzye prayoktuH zakyadarzane vartamAnAddhAtorla pratyayo bhavati / liDapavAdaH / aruNadevaH pANDayam / adahadamoghavarSorAtIn / khyAta iti kima ? cakAra kaTaM devadattaH / dRzya iti kim ? jaghAna kaMsaM kila vAsudevaH / anadyatane iti kima ? udgaadaadityH| -amoghavRttiH / ukta sUtrapara cintAmaNikI TIkA bhI isI prakAra hai / antara sirpha itanA hI hai ki amoghameM jahA~ 'laG pratyayo' likhA hai vahA~ cintAmaNimeM kevala 'laG' likhA hai, 'pratyaya' chor3a diyA hai / / ___ uparyukta bAtoMse yaha to siddha ho gayA ki cintAmaNi amoghavRttise pIche banI hai aura usIko saMkoca karake banAI gaI hai / aba yaha dekhanA hai ki amoghavRttikA karttA kauna hai ? cintAmaNi TIkAke pUrva 3-4-5-6-7 zlokoMkA artha acchI taraha lagAnese isakA bhI nizcaya ho jaaygaa| 3-jinhoMne sakalajJAnarUpI sAmrAjya padako prApta kiyA hai aura jo bar3e bhArI sAdhusamAjake aguA the, ve zAkaTAthanAcArya jayavaMta hoN| 4-jina akelene buddhirUpa mandarAcalase zabda-samudrakA maMthana karake, usameMse yazarUpa lakSmIke sAtha sAtha sampUrNa vyAkaraNoMkA sArarUpa yaha amRta nikAlA, 5-jinakA racA huA zabdAnuzAsana AIt dharmakI taraha svalpa-grantha (pramANameM thor3A), sukha-sAdhya aura sampUrNa hai, 6-jina ( zAkamayana muni ) ke zabdAnuzAsanameM iSTi, upasaMkhyAna, vaktavya, na vaktavya AdikA jhagar3A nahIM hai,

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zAkaTAyana aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana 151 7-unakI ( tasya zAkaTAyanasya) bar3I bhArI vRtti (amoghavRtti) ko saMkoca karake yaha choTI-sI parantu sampUrNa lakSaNoMvAlI vRtti maiM ( yakSavarmA ) khuuNgaa| dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki ye pA~coM zloka zAkaTAyanakA varNana karanevAle haiN| inameMke ' yaH' (zloka 3-4), yadupakrama zabdakA ' yat' (zloka 5 ) aura 'yasya' (zloka 6) ye tInoM sambandhadyotaka sarvanAma sAtaveM zlokake ' tasya' zabdase sambandha rakhate haiM / yaha 'tasya' zabda kartari SaSThimeM banAyA gayA hai aura yaha sAtaveM padyakA mukhya vAkyAMza hai| anvaya isa taraha hotA hai-' yadupakramaM zabdAnuzAsanaM sAvaM tasya mahatIM vRttiM saMhRtya iyaM laghIyasI vRttirvakSyate yakSavarmaNA' arthAt jisakA banAyA huA sarvopayogI zabdAnuzAsana nAmaka vyAkaraNa hai, usIkI banAI huI bahuta bar3I TIkAko saMkocakara maiM yaha choTI-sI TIkA banAtA hU~ / isase nizcaya ho gayA ki mUla zabdAnuzAsana aura usakI amoghavRtti TIkA ye donoM grantha eka hI zAkaTAyanane banAye haiM / mi0 rAisa sAha bane isake lie cidAnanda kavike ' munivaMzAbhyudaya' nAmaka kanar3I kAvyase eka pramANa diyA hai / yaha kavi maisUrake cikkadevarAjAke samayameM ( I. san 1672-1704 ) huA hai aura -- cArukIrti paMDitadeva' isakI upAdhi thii| kavike kanar3I zlokoMkA artha yaha hai " usa munine apane buddhirUpa mandarAcalase zrutarUpa samudrakA manthana kara yazake sAtha vyAkaraNarUpa uttama amRta nikaalaa| zAkaTAyanane utkRSTa zabdAnuzAsanako banA leneke bAda amoghavRtti nAmakI TIkA--jise bar3I zAkaTAyana kahate haiM--- banAI jisakA ki parimANa 18000 hai / jagatprasiddha zAkaTAyana munine vyAkaraNake sUtra aura sAtha hI pUrI vRtti bhI banAkara eka prakArakA puNya sampAdana kiyaa| eka bAra aviddhakarNa siddhAntacakravartI padmanandine muniyoMke madhya pUjita zAkaTAyanako mandara parvatake samAna dhIra vizeSaNase vibhUSita kiyA / " gaNaratnamahodadhike kartA vardhamAna kavi-jo vikrama saM0 1197 meM hue haiMapane granthameM zAkaTAyanake nAmase jina jina bAtoMko uddhRta karate haiM ve amovavRttimeM hI milatI haiM, mUlasUtroMmeM nahIM / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki vardhamAna jAnate the ki amoghavRtti zAkaTAyanakI hI hai aura isIlie unhoMne usake udAharaNa zAkaTAyanake nAmase denA anucita na smjhaa| zAkaTAyanastu karNe TiriTiriH karNe curu-cururityAha / --gaNaratna pRSTha 82 aura amoghavRtti 2 / 1 / 57

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zAkaTAyanastu adya paMcamI adya dvitIyetyAha / -gaNaratna pR0 90, amoghavRtti 2 / 1 / 79 isake sivAya nandisUtrakI malayagirikRta TIkAkA uddharaNa Upara diyA jA cukA hai jisameM TIkAkarttAne 'zrIvIramamRtaM jyotiH ' Adi maMgalAcaraNako zAkaTAyanakI svopajJavRttikA batalAyA hai| isase siddha hai ki amoghavRtti svayaM zAkaTAyanakI banAI huI hai| racanA-kAla Upara ' khyAte dRzya' sUtrakI jo amoghavRtti dI hai, usameM eka udAharaNa hai.---" adahadamoghavarSo'rAtIn / " arthAt amoghavarSane zatruoMko jalA diyA / isa udAharaNameM granthakarttAne amoghavarSa (prathama) kI apane zatruoMpara vijaya pAnekI jisa ghaTanAkA ullekha kiyA hai, ThIka usIkA jika zakasaMvat 832 ( vi0 saM0 967) ke eka rASTrakUTa-zilAlekhameM ina zabdoMmeM kiyA hai-" bhUpAlAna kaNTakAbhAna veSTayitvA ddaah|" aura isakA bhI artha lagabhaga vahI hai; amoghavarSane una rAjAoMko gherA aura jalA diyA jo usase ekAeka viruddha ho gaye the / ukta zilAlekha amoghavarSake bahuta pIche likhA gayA thA, isalie usameM parokSArthavAlI 'dadAha' kriyA dI hai| usake lekhakake lie ukta ghaTanAkA svayaM dekhanA azakya thA / parantu amoghavRttike kartAke lie zakya thA, isalie usane 'adahat' yaha laG pratyayakI kriyA dI hai / arthAt yaha usake samakSakI ghaTanA hogii| ___ bagamurAke dAna-patra meM jo za0 saM0 789 ( vi0 saM0 924 ) kA likhA huA hai isa ghaTanAkA ullekha hai| usakA sArAMza yaha hai ki gujarAtake mANDalika rAjA ekAeka bigar3a khar3e hue aura unhoMne amoghavarSake viruddha hathiyAra uThAye, 1 isI sUtrakI vRttimeM eka udAharaNa aura hai-- aruNaddevaH pANDayam ' arthAt devane pANDadhanarezako rokA / amoghavarSake zarvadeva, tuMgadeva, Adi aneka nAma hai / isa devase bhI unhIMkA matalaba jAna par3atA hai / unhoMne isake anusAra kisI pANDaca rAjAko rokA yA kaida kara liyA hogaa| 2 epigrAphiA iMDikA jilda 1, pR0 54 / 3

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zAkaTAyana aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana 161 - taba usane unapara car3hAI kara dI aura unheM tahasa nahasa kara ddaalaa| isa yuddha meM dhruva ghAyala hokara mArA gayA / ___ amoghavarSa za0 saM0 736 ( vi0 saM0 771 ) meM siMhAsanapara baiThe the aura yaha dAnapatra za0 saM0 789 (vi0 saM0 824 ) kA hai / ataH siddha hai ki amoghavRtti 736 aura 789 ke bIca kisI samaya likhI gaI hai aura yahI pAlyakIrti yA zAkaTAyanakA samaya hai / mahArAjA amodhavarSa ( prathama ) jaina vidvAnoMke bar3e bhArI AzrayadAtA the / bhagavAjinasenako ve apanA guru mAnate the aura antameM to unhoMne zAyada jainadharmake vivekase rAjyakA tyAga bhI kara diyA thaa| ataeva yadi vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyanane unake jaina dharma aura sAhityake premI honeke nAte apanI vRttikA nAma amoghavRtti rakkhA ho to koI Azcarya nahIM aura phira 'adahadamoghavarSA rAton ' udAharaNase to amoghavRttike kartAkI samakAlInatA spaSTa hI ho rahI hai / zAkaTAyanake pUrvavartI AcArya zAkaTAyanane apanI pUrva guru-paramparAkA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, yahA~ taka ki apane gurukA nAma bhI nahIM diyA hai| prakaraNa aura sUtra-granthameM to khaira isake lie sthAna nahIM thA, para amoghavRttimeM guMjAiza thI aura saMbhava hai usameM prazasti rahI bhI ho; parantu jo pratiyA~ upalabdha haiM unameM zAyada prati-lipikAroMkI kRpAse vaha nahIM rahI hai| amoghavarSa ( prathama ) ke pitA prabhUtavarSa yA govindarAja tRtIyakA jo dAna-patra kadaMba (maisUra ) meM milA hai vaha zaka saM0 775 kA arthAt amoghavarSake rAjA honese eka varSa pahalekA hai / usameM arkakIrti muniko mAnyapura grAmake zilAgrAma jinendra-bhavanake lie eka gA~va dAna karanekA ullekha hai / arkakIrti yApanIya-nandisaMgha-ghunAgavRkSamUlagaNake the / arkakIrtike gurukA nAma vijayakIrti aura pragurukA zrIkIrti thA / bahuta saMbhava hai ki pAlyakIrti ( zAkaTAyana ) isI paramparAke hoM, aura Azcarya nahIM jo arkakIrtike hI ziSya yA unake sadharmA hoN| 1 vivekAtyaktarAjena rAjJeyaM ratnamAlikA / racitAmoghavarSeNa sudhiyAM sadalaMkRtiH ||-prshnottrrtnmaalaa

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zAkaTAyana sUtra-pATharme indra, siddhanandi aura Arya vajra ina tIna pUrvAcAryoM kA mata diyA hai| ye tInoM digambara sampradAyake nahIM mAlUma hote / yA to ye yApanIya sampradAya ke hI hoMge yA phira zvetAmbara sampradAyake | 162 indra -- gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) meM pA~ca tarahake pA~ca mithyAdRSTiyoM ke udAharaNa dete hue likhA hai eyaMta buddharasI vivarIo bramha tAvaso viNao / iMdoviya saMsaiyo makkaDio ceva aNNANI // 16 // arthAt bauddha ekAntI, brahma ( yAjJika ) viparIta, tApasa vainayika, indra saMzayI aura maskari ( AjIvaka ) ajJAnI mithyAdRSTiyoM ke udAharaNa haiM / inameM se indrako TIkAkArane zvetAmbara guru batalAyA hai / parantu indra nAmake zvetAmbarAcAryakA abhItaka koI ullekha nahIM milA hai | bahuta sambhava hai ki ve yApanIya hI hoM aura zvetAmbaratulya honese zvetAmbara kaha diye gaye haiM / dvikoTigata jJAnako saMzaya kahate haiM, jo zvetAmbara sampradAya meM ghaTita nahIM ho sakatI / parantu yApanIyoM ko kucha zvetAmbara aura kucha digambara honeke kAraNa eka taraha se saMzaya - mithyAdRSTi kahA jA sakatA hai | bahuta sambhava hai ki zAkaTAyana -sUtrakArane inhIM indra gurukA ullekha kiyA ho aura yApanIya sampradAyake ye koI prasiddha AcArya rahe hoM / siddhanandi - inake viSaya meM hama kucha nahIM jAnate; parantu ye bhI yApanIya hI mAlUma hote haiM / nandyanta nAmadhArI AcArya yApanIyoM meM bhI bahuta hue haiMcandranandi, mitranandi, kIrtinandi, kumAranandi Adi / Arya vajra - zvetAmbara sampradAya kI kalpasUtra - sthavirAvalI meM aja vaira ( Arya vajra ) nAmake eka AcAryakA nAma milatA hai jo Arya siMhagirike ziSya aura gotama gotrake the | tapAgaccha-paTTAvalI ke anusAra dazapUrvadhAriyoM meM unakI gaNanA hotI hai aura vIra ni0 saM0 584 meM unakA svargavAsa huA thA / saMbhava hai, zAkaTAyanane inhIM kA ullekha kiyA ho / sampradAya-bheda hone ke pahale hone ke kAraNa tInoM sampradAyavAle inakA ullekha kara sakate haiM / tiloyapaSNatike vajrayaza nAmaka antima prajJAzramaNa bhI zAyada yahI ho / 1 dekho darzanasAra - vivecanA |

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nayacakra aura devasena sUri nayacakra AcArya vidyAnanda ne apane zlokavArtikake ' naya- vivaraNa' nAmaka prakaraNake antameM likhA hai saMkSepeNa nayAstAvadvyAkhyAtAH sUtrasUcitAH / tadvizeSaH prapaJcena saMcintyA nayacakrataH // arthAt tattvArthasUtra meM jina nayakA ullekha hai, unakA hamane saMkSepameM vyAkhyAna kara diyA | yadi unakA vistArase aura vizeSatApUrvaka svarUpa jAnane kI icchA ho to ' nayacakra se jAnanA / " 1 isa ullekhase mAlUma hotA hai ki vidyAnanda svAmI se pahale ' nayacakra' nAmakA koI grantha thA jisameM nayoM kA svarUpa khUba vistAra ke sAtha diyA gayA hai / parantu vaha nayacakra yahI devasenasUrikA nayacakra thA, aisA nahI jAna par3atA / kyoMki yaha bilakula hI choTA hai / isameM kula 87 gAthAyeM haiM aura mAila dhavalake bRhat nayacakrameM bhI nayasambandhI gAthAoMkI saMkhyA isase adhika nahIM hai / ina donoM hI granthoM meM nayoMkA svarUpa saMkSepa meM likhA gayA hai, bhale hI vaha svAmI vidyAnandake naya- vivaraNa se kucha jyAdA ho / naya- vivaraNakI zlokasaMkhyA 118 hai aura usameM nayoMkA svarUpa bahuta hI uttama rIti se nayacakrakI bhI apekSA spaSTatA se likhA hai / aisI dazAmeM yaha saMbhava nahIM ki zlokavArtika ke kartA apane pAThakoMse devasenasUrike nayacakraparase vistArapUrvaka nayoMkA svarUpa jAnane kI siphAriza karate / isake sivAya jaisA ki Age calakara batalAyA jAyagA, devasenasUri vidyAnanda svAmIke pIcheke granthakartA haiM / ataH zlokavArtika meM jisa nayacakrakA ullekha hai, vaha koI dUsarA hI nayacakra hogA / zvetAmbarasaMpradAya meM ' mallavAdi' nAmake eka bar3e bhArI tArkika ho gaye haiM /

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164 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa AcArya haribhadrane apane 'anekAMta-jayapatAkA' nAmaka graMthameM vAdimukhya mallavAdikRta -- sanmati-TIkA' ke kaI avataraNa diye haiM aura zraddheya muni jinavijayajIne anekAneka pramANoMse haribhadrasUrikA samaya vi0 sa0 757 se 827 taka siddha kiyA hai / ataH AcArya mallevAdi vikramakI AThavIM zatAbdike pahaleke vidvAn haiM, yaha nizcaya hai aura vidyAnandasvAmI vikramakI navIM zatAbdimeM hue haiM, yaha bhI prAyaH nizcita-sA hai| ukta mallavAdikA bhI eka 'nayacakra' nAmakA saMskRta graMtha hai jisakA pUrA nAma 'dvAdazAra nayacakra' hai / jisataraha cakrameM Are hote haiM, usI taraha isameM bAraha Are arthAt adhyAya haiM / mUla grantha to upalabdha nahIM hai para usakI siMha kSamAzramaNakRta TIkA milatI hai / AcArya yazovijayane naSTabhraSTa aura khaMDita pratiyoMparase nayacakrakA uddhAra kiyA thA parantu aba usakI bhI koI zuddha prati upalabdha nahIM hai / saMbhava hai ki vidyAnandasvAmIne isI nayacakrako lakSya karake pUrvokta sUcanA kI ho / jisa taraha harivaMzapurANa aura AdipurANake karttA digambara jainAcAryoMne siddhasenasUrikI prazaMsA kI hai--jo ki zvetAmbarAcArya samajhe jAte haiMusI taraha vidyAnandasvAmIne bhI zvetAmbarAcArya mallavAdike granthako par3hanekI siphAriza kI ho, to koI AzcaryakI bAta nahIM hai / jisa taraha siddhasenasUri tArkika the usI taraha mallavAdi bhI the aura jaba digambara aura zvetAmbara saMpradAyake tArkika siddhAntoMmeM vizeSa mahattvakA mata-bheda nahIM hai, taba nayasaMbaMdhI eka zvetAmbara tarka-granthakA ullekha eka digambarAcAryadvArA kiyA jAnA kucha asambhava nahIM mAlUma hotA / aneka zvetAmbara granthakartAoMne bhI isI taraha digambara granthakAroMkI prazaMsA kI hai aura unake granthoM ke havAle diye haiM / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki devasenake atirikta anya kisI digambarAcAryakA bhI koI nayacakra ho aura vidyAnandasvAmIne usakA ullekha kiyA ho / mAilla dhavalake bRhat nayacakrake antakI gAthA ( jo kevala bambaIvAlI pratimeM hai, morenAkI pratimeM nahIM hai ) yadi ThIka ho to usase isa bAtakI puSTi hotI hai / vaha gAthA isa prakAra hai 1 dekho, jainasAhityasaMzodhakakA pahalA aNk| 2 zvetAmbara-paramparAke anusAra vIra saMvata 884 meM mallavAdine bauddhoMko parAjita kiyA thA /

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nayacakra aura devasenasUri 165 dusamIraNeNa poyaM periyasaMtaM jahA ti ( ci ) raM na / siridevasena muNiNA taha NayacakaM puNo raiyaM || isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki duHSamakAlarUpI A~dhIse potake ( jahAjaka ) samAna jo nayacakra cirakAlase naSTa ho gayA thA use devasena munine phira se racA / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki devasenake nayacakra se pahale bhI koI nayacakra thA jo naSTa ho gayA thA aura bahuta sambhava hai ki devasenane yaha usIkA saMkSipta uddhAra kiyA ho / upalabdha granthoM meM nayacakra nAmake tIna grantha prasiddha haiM- 1 AlApa paddhati, 2 laghu nayacakra, aura 3 bRhat nayacakra / inameM se pahalA grantha AlApapaddhati saMskRtameM hai aura zeSa do prAkRtameM / "" 1 AlApapaddhati - isake karttA bhI devasena hI haiM / bhANDArakara risarca insTiTayUTa pUnAmeM isa granthakI eka prati hai, usake anta meM prati-lekhakane likhA hai - " iti sukhabodhArthamAlApapaddhatiH zrIdevasenaviracitA samAptA / iti zrInayacakra sampUrNam / ukta pustakAlayakI sUcI meM bhI yaha nayacakra nAmase hI darja hai / bAsodA ke bhaMDArakI sUcI meM bhI -- jo bambaIke digambara jaina mandira ke sarasvatI bhaNDAra meM hai-- ise nayacakra saMskRta gadya' ke nAmase darja kiyA hai / paM0 zivajIlAlakRta darzanasAra - vacanikA meM devasena ke saMskRta nayacakrakA jo ullekha hai vaha bhI jAna par3atA hai, isI AlApa paddhatiko lakSya karake kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi AlApa-paddhatimeM nayacakrakA hI gadyarUpa sArAMza hai aura vaha nayacakrake Upara hI likhI gaI hai, isalie kucha logoM dvArA diyA gayA usakA yaha ' nayacakra' nAma eka sImAtaka kSamya bhI ho sakatA hai; parantu vAstava meM isakA nAma ' AlApa-paddhati hI hai, nayacakra nahIM | " ." " AlApapaddhatike prArambhameM hI likhA hai - " AlApapaddhatirvacanaracanAnukrameNa nayacakrasyopari ucyate / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki AlApapaddhati prAkRta nayacakrapara saMskRta meM praznottararUpase likhI gaI hai / AlApa arthAt bolacAlakI 1. kAraMjAkI pratimeM bhI yaha gAthA hai / 2 san 1884-86 kI riporTake 519 veM nambarakA grantha /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa paddhatipara athavA vacana-racanAke DhaMgapara yaha 'sukha-bodhArtha' yA saralatAse samajhameM Aneke lie banAI gaI hai| isakI pratyeka pratimeM ise 'devasenakRtA' likhA bhI milatA hai, jisase yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki yaha nayacakrake karttA devasenakI hI racI huI hai-anya kisIkI nahIM / 2 laghu nayacakra / zrIdevasenasUrikA vAstavika nayacakra yahI hai / isake sAtha jo ' laghu' vizeSaNa lagAyA gayA hai vaha dUsare bar3e granthako dekhakara lagA diyA gayA hai; parantu vAstavameM usa dUsare granthakA nAma 'dravyasvabhAvaprakAza' hai aura usake kartA 'mAila dhavala' haiM jaisA ki Age siddha kiyA gayA hai / isalie isakA nayacakrake hI nAmase ullekha kiyA jAnA caahie| zvetambarAcArya yazovijayajI upAdhyAyane apane 'dravyaguNaparyaya rAsA' (gujarAtI) meM devasenake nayacakrakA kaI jagaha ullekha kiyA hai aura ukta rAseke AdhArase hI likhe gaye 'dravyAnuyogatarkaNA' nAmaka saMskRta granthameM bhI ukta ullekhoMkA anuvAda kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA hai ki digambara devasenakRta nayacakrameM ye naya, upanaya, aura donoM mUla naya bhI, isI prakAra batalAye gaye haiM aura yadyapi ye digambaramatAnugata haiM, tathApi sabhI sarvajJapraNIta sadAgamoMke anukUla haiM, inameM koI visaMvAda nahIM hai / isa viSayameM digambara zvetAmbara samAna-taMtra haiM / nayAzcopanayAzcaite tathA mUlanayAvapi / itthameva samAdiSTA nayacakre'pi tatkRtA // 8 // ete nayA uktalakSaNAzca punarupanayAstathaiva dvau mUlanayAvapi nizcayenetthamamunA prakAreNaiva nayacakre'pi digambaradevasenakRte zAstre nayacakrepi tatkRtA tasya nayacakrasya kRtA utpAdakena samAdiSTaM kathitaM / etAvatA digambaramatAnugatanayacakragranthapAThapaThitanayopanayamUlanayAdikaM sarvamapi sarvajJapraNItasadAgamoktayuktiyojanAsamAnataMtratvamevAste na kimapi visaMvAditayAstIti' / ukta ' tarkaNA' meM jo nayoMkA svarUpa diyA hai, vaha bilakula ' nayacakra' kA anuvAda hai aura use svayaM granthakartA bhojasAgarane svIkAra kiyA hai / isase nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki upAdhyAya yazovijayajI aura tarkaNAke kartA bhojasAgara isI nayacakrako devasenakA racA huA samajhate the| 1. dravyAnuyogatarkaNA ' adhyAya 8, zloka 8, pRSTha 115 /

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nayacakra aura devasenasUri 167 darzanasArakI vacanikAke kartA paM0 zivajIlAlajIne devasenasUrike banAye jina saba granthoke nAma diye haiM unameM prAkRta nayacakra bhI hai| arthAt unake matase bhI yaha devasenakI hI kRti hai| yaha nayacakra ( laghu ) bRhat nayacakra (dravyasvabhAvaprakAza) meMse chA~Takara judA nikAlA huA nahIM hai| yaha bAta isa granthako Adise aMtataka acchI taraha par3ha jAnese hI dhyAnameM A jAtI hai| isakI racanA-paddhatise hI mAlUma ho jAtA hai ki yaha sampUrNa grantha hai aura svataMtra hai / nayoMko chor3akara isameM anya viSayoMkA vicAra bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isake aMtakI naM0 86 aura 87 kI gAthAoMke 'lavaNa va esa bhaNiyaM nayacakaM sayalasatthasuddhiyaraM' aura 'to NA, kuNaha maI nayacakke duNayatimiramattaMDe ' padoMse yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isakA nAma nayacakra hI hai, usake sAtha koI 'laghu' Adi vizeSaNa nahIM hai| 3 bRhat nayacakra / isakA vAstavika nAma ' vvasahAvapayAsa' (dravyasvabhAva-prakAza ) yA 'dravyasvabhAvaprakAzaka nayacakra' hai / granthakartAne svayaM isa nAmako granthake prArambhameM aura antameM kaI jagaha vyakta kiyA hai / nayacakra nAma ho bhI nahIM sakatA, kyoMki nayoMke atirikta dravya, guNa, paryAya, darzana, jJAna, cAritra Adi anya aneka viSayoMkA bhI isameM varNana kiyA gayA hai / yaha eka saMgraha-grantha hai / jisa taraha isameM bhagavatkuMdakuMdAcAryakRta paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra AdikI gAthAoMko aura unake abhiprAyoko saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, usI taraha lagabhaga pUre nayacakrako bhI isameM zAmila kara liyA gayA hai; yahA~ taka ki maMgalAcaraNakI aura aMtakI nayacakrakI prazaMsAsUcaka gAthAyeM bhI nahIM chor3I haiN| jAna par3atA hai ki nayacakrakI ukta prazaMsAsUcaka gAthAoMke kAraNa hI logoMko bhrama ho gayA hai aura ve ise 'bRhat nayacakra' kahane lage haiN| ___ isake prArambhakI utthAnikAmeM likhA hai, " zrIkuMdakuMdAcAryakRtazAstrANAM sArArtha parigRhya svaparopakArAya dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakaM nayacakraM mokSamArga kurvan gAthAkartA. iSTadevatAvizeSaM namaskurvannAha-" isameM 'dravyasvabhAvaprakAzaka' yaha nayacakrakA vizeSaNa hai / saMgrahakartAkA isase yaha abhiprAya bhI ho sakatA hai ki yaha nayacakrayukta dravyasvabhAvaprakAzaka grantha hai / 1 bambaIvAlI prAcIna pratimeM yahA~ ' gAthAkartA ' hI pATha hai, jaba ki morenAkI / ' granthakartA ' hai| vAstavameM gAthAkartA hI honA caahie| yahI pATha chapanA bhI cAhie thAmeM

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168 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa aba hameM yaha dekhanA cAhie ki isa ' dravyasvabhAvaprakAza' ke kartA kauna haiM / davvasahAvapayAsaM dohayabaMdheNa Asi jaM diheM / taM gAhAbaMdheNa ya raiyaM mAiladhavaleNa // dusamIra-poyami (ni) vAya pA (yA) tA (NaM) siridevaseNajoINaM / tesiM pAyapasAe uvaladdhaM samaNatacceNa // pahalI gAthAkA artha yaha hai ki jo 'davvasahAvapayAsa' nAmakA grantha dohAchaMdoMmeM thA, usIko mAila dhavalane gAthAoMmeM rcaa| dUsarI gAthA bahuta kucha aspaSTa hai; phira bhI usakA abhiprAya lagabhaga yaha hai ki zrIdevasena yogIke caraNoMke prasAdase yaha grantha banAyA gyaa| __ yaha gAthA bambaIkI pratimeM nahIM hai, morenAkI pratimeM hai / bambaIkI pratimeM isake badale 'dusamIraNeNa poyaM periyasaMta' Adi gAthA hai, jo Upara eka jagaha uddhRta kI jA cukI hai aura jisameM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki devasenamunine purAne naSTa hue nayacakrako phirase banAyA / ___ morenAvAlI pratikI gAthA yadi ThIka hai to usase kevala yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki mAilla dhavalakA devasenasUrise kucha nikaTakA guru-ziSyasambandha thii| bambaIvAlI pratikI gAthA mAilla dhavalase koI sambandha nahIM rakhatI hai, vaha nayacakra aura devasenasUrikI prazaMsAvAcaka anya tIna cAra gAthAoMke samAna eka judI hI prazasti-gAthA hai| eka gAthAmeM kahA hai ki dohA chaMdameM race hue 'dravya-svabhAva-prakAza' ko sunakara suhaMkara yA zubhaMkara nAmake koI sajana-jo saMbhavataH mAilla dhavalake mitra hoMge-ha~sakara bole ki dohoMmeM yaha acchA nahIM lagatA; ise gAthAbaddha kara do| isase bhI yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki 'davvasahAvapayAsa' pahale dohAbaddha thA aura use mAila dhavalane gAthAbaddha kiyA hai / mAila dhavala 'gAthAkartA' hI haiM, 1 kAraMjAkI pratimeM 'mAiladhavaleNa ' para ' devasenaziSyeNa ' TippaNa bhI hai jisase aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve devasenake ziSya the / dekho sI0 pI0 barAra gavarnameMTadvArA prakAzita hastalikhita granthoMkA sUcIpatra pRSTha, 735 / 2 suNiUNa doharatthaM sigdhaM hasiUNa suhaMkaro bhaNai / ettha Na sohai attho gAhAbaMdheNa taM bhaNai //

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nayacakra aura devasenasUri 162 isakA khulAsA isa granthakI utthAnikAse bhI ho jAtA hai, jahA~ likhA hai ki gAthAkartA ( granthakartA nahIM ) iSTadevatAko namaskAra karate hue kahate haiM / nIce likhI gAthAoMse bhI yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki isa granthake kartA devasenasUri nahIM kitu mAila dhavala haiM dAriyaduNyayadaNuyaM paraappaparikkhatikkhakharadhAraM / savvaNhuviNhuciNhaM sudaMsaNaM Namaha NayacakkaM // suyakevalIhiM kahiyaM suasamuddaamudamayamANaM / bahubhaMgabhaMgurAvi ya virAiyaM Namaha NayacakaM / / siyasaddasuNayaduNNayadaNudeha vidAraNekavaravIraM / taM devaseNadevaM NayacakkayaraM guruM Namaha / / inameMse pahalI do gAthAoMmeM nayacakrakI prazaMsA karake kahA hai ki aise vizeSaNoMse yukta nayacakrako namaskAra karo aura tIsarI gAthAmeM kahA hai ki durnayarUpI rAkSasako vidAraNa karanevAle zreSTha vIra guru devasenako jo nayacakrake kartA haiM-namaskAra kro| yadi isa graMthake kartA svayaM devasena hote to ve apane lie guru Adi zabdoMkA prayoga na karate aura na yahI kahate ki tuma una devasenako aura unake nayacakrako namaskAra karo / ina saba bAtoMse siddha hai ki choTe nayacakrake kartA hI devasena haiM aura mAilla dhavala unhIMko lakSya karake ukta prazaMsA karate haiM / mAila dhavalane devasena. sUrike pUre nayacakrako apane isa granthameM antargarbhita kara liyA hai, aisI dazAmeM unakA itanA guNagAna karanA Avazyaka bhI ho gayA hai / ___ mAilla dhavalane isake sivAya aura bhI koI graMtha banAye haiM yA nahIM aura ye kaba kahA~ hue haiM, isakA hama koI patA nahIM lagA sake / saMbhavataH ve devasenake hI ziSyoM meM hoMge jaisA ki morenAkI pratikI aMtima gAthAse aura devasenake lie zreSTha guru zabdakA prayoga dekhanese jAna par3atA hai / kAraMjAkI pratike TippaNase bhI yahI mAlUma hotA hai| devasenamUri nayacakrake saMbaMdhameM itanI carcA karake aba saMkSepameM isake kartA devasenasUrikA paricaya diyA jAtA hai / inakA banAyA huA eka 'bhAvasaMgraha' nAmakA grantha hai /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa usase mAlUma hotA hai ki inake gurukA nAma zrIvimalasena gaNadhara ( gaNI ) thA' / darzanasAra nAmaka granthake aMta meM ve apanA paricaya dete hue kahate haiM ki pUrvAcAryoM kI racI huI gAthAoMko eka jagaha saMcita karake zrIdevasena gaNine dhArAnagarI meM nivAsa karate hue pArzvanAtha ke maMdira meM mAgha sudI dazavIM vikrama saMvat 990 ko yaha darzanasAra nAmaka grantha racoM | isase nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki unakA astitvakAla vikramaikI dazavIM zatAbdikA anta hai / apane anya kisI grantha meM unhoMne graMtha-racanAkA samaya nahIM diyA hai / 170 yadyapi inake kisI granthameM isa viSayakA ullekha nahIM hai ki ve kisa saMghake AcArya the; parantu darzanasArake par3hanese yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki ve padmanaMdi yA kundakundakI anvayake AcArya the| darzanasArameM unhoMne kASThAsaMgha, draviDasaMgha, mAthurasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha Adi sabhI jaina saMghoM kI utpatti batalAI hai aura unheM jainAbhAsa kahA hai; ataeva ve ina saMghoM meM se kisI saMgha ke nahIM the / darzanasArakI 43 vIM gAthameM likhA hai ki yadi AcArya padmanandi ( kundakunda ) sImandhara svAmIdvArA prApta divyajJAnake dvArA bodha na dete to munijana sacce mArgako kaise jAnate ? isase yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki ve zrI kundAcAryakI AmnAyake the / isake sivAya apane kisI gaNagacchAdikA ullekha unhoMne nahIM kiyA hai / 6 1 - sirivimalaseNa gaNaharasisso NAmeNa devaseNo ti / abuhajaNabohaNatthaM teNeyaM viraiyaM suttaM // 2 - puvvAyariyakayAiM gAhAI saMciUNa eyattha / siridevaseNagaNiNA dhArAe saMvasaMteNa // 49 // io daMsaNasAro hAro bhavvANa Navasae navae / siripAsaNAha gehe suvisuddhe mAhasuddhadasamIe // 50 // 3 - darzanasArakI anya gAthAoM meM jahA~ jahA~ saMvatkA ullekha kiyA haiM, vahA~ vahA~ pada dekara vikrama saMvat hI prakaTa kiyA hai / isake ba vikkamarAyasya maraNapattassa , dhArA ( mAlavA ) meM vikrama saMvat hI pracalita rahA hai / 4 - jai paumaNadiNAho sImaMdharasAmidivvaNANeNa / Na vivoha to samaNA kahaM sumaggaM payANaMti //

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nayacakra aura devasenasUri 171 bhAvasaMgraha (prAkRta ) meM jagaha jagaha darzanasArakI aneka gAthAyeM uddhRta kI gaI haiM aura unakA upayoga unhoMne svanirmita gAthAoMkI bhA~ti kiyA hai / isase isa viSayameM koI saMdeha nahIM rahatA ki darzanasAra aura bhAva-saMgraha donoMke kartA eka hI devasana haiN| __inake sivAya ArAdhanAsAra aura tattvasAra nAmake graMtha bhI inhIM devasenake banAye hue haiM aura jo prakAzita ho cuke haiN| paM0 zivajIlAlane inake 'dharmasaMgraha' nAmake eka aura graMthakA ullekha kiyA haiM; paraMtu vaha abhItaka hamAre dekhanemeM nahIM AyA /

Page #200
AcArya amitagati paramAra rAjAoMkA jaina vidvAnoMke prati sadbhAva mAlavema vidyApremI aura vidvAn paramAra-vaMzake rAjAoMke kAlameM jo aneka jaina vidvAn ho gaye haiM, unameM AcArya amitagatikA eka vizeSa sthAna hai| isa vaMzake rAjA jainadharmake prati Adara-bhAva rakhate the| pradyumnacarita kAvyake karttA AcArya mahAsena muMjarAjAdvArA pUjita the| isI taraha mahAsena mahArAjA sindhulake mahAmahattama ( mahAmAtya ) zrIparpaTake guru the / nyAyakumadacandra aura prameyakamalamArtaNDake kartA prabhAcandra dhArAdhIza bhojadevadvArA sammAnita the / mahAkavi dhanapAlane apane prasiddha gadya-kAvya 'tilaka-maMjarI' kI racanA rAjA bhojake kahanese kI thI aura rAjA bhojane unheM apanI sabhAmeM 'sarasvatI' kI padavIse sammAnita kiyA thA / dubakuNDake vi0 saM0 1145 ke lekhake anusAra jainAcArya zAntiSeNane bhojadevakI sabhAmeM ambarasena Adi jaina vidvAnoMkA apamAna karanevAle paNDitoMko harAyA thaa| isI taraha bhojake vaMzaja arjunadevake sAndhivigrahika maMtrI salakhaNa sambhavataH paNDita AzAdharake pitA the aura guru bAlasarasvatI madanopAdhyAya ziSya the| isase patA lagatA hai ki ukta saba rAjAoMke kAlameM jaina vidvAnoMkI kAphI pratiSThA thI aura unakA jainadharmake prati sadbhAva thaa| __ sAhityAcArya paM0 vizvezvaranAtha reuke kathanAnusAra amitagati vAkpatirAja muMjakI sabhAke eka ratna the| ve bahuzruta vidvAn the aura unhoMne vividha viSayoMpara grantha likhe the / unake tamAma upalabdha grantha saMskRtameM haiM, prAkRta yA apabhraMzakA aba taka koI grantha nahIM milA hai| __1-AsIt zrImahasenasUriranaghaH zrImuJjarAjArcitaH / -prdyumncrit| 2 dekho jainazilAlekhasaMgrahakA lekha naM0 55-zrIdhArAdhipabhojarAjamukuTaprotAzmararimacchaTA ... zrImAnprabhAcandramA / 3 dekho, 'paNDitavara AzAdhara ' lekha ! pR0 132 4 dekho, zrIvizvezvaranAtha reurjAkA rAjA bhoja ' /

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AcArya amitagati 173 kASThAsaMgha aura mAthura saMgha amitagati mAthurasaMghake AcArya the / devasenasUrine apane ' darzanasAra' meM je pA~ca jainAbhAsa batalAye haiM, unameM eka mAthurasaMgha bhI hai / ise niH picchika bhI kahate haiM / kyoMki isa saMghake anuyAyI muni mora- picchi yA go-picchi nahIM rakhate the / jaisA ki maiMne lekhAntaroMmeM batalAyA hai, prAyaH sabhI saMghoM, gaNoM aura gacchoMke nAma sthAnoM yA dezoMke nAmase par3e haiM, mAthurasaMgha nAma bhI sthAna ke kAraNa par3A hai - mathurA nagara yA prAntakA jo munisaMgha vaha mAthura saMgha / darzanasAra meM kASThAsaMghakI utpatti AcArya jinasena ke satIrtha vIrasena ke ziSya kumArasena dvArA vi0 saM0 753 meM huI batalAI gaI hai, jo nandI - taTameM rahate the aura kahA hai ki unhoMne karkaza keza, arthAt gaukI prachakI picchi, grahaNa karake sAre bAgar3a dezameM unmArga calAyo / phira isake do sau varSa bAda, arthAt vi0 saM0 953 ke lagabhaga mathurA meM mAthuroM ke guru, rAmasenane, niHpicchika rahane ka upadeza diyA; e kahA ki na mayUrapiccha rakhane kI jarUrata hai aura na gopuccharkI picchi | isase jAna par3atA hai ki kASThAsaMghakI hI eka zAkhA mAthurasaMgha hai / isa bAtakI puSTi surendrakIrti AcAryakI banAI huI paTTAvalI se bhI hotA hai jisameM kahA hai ki kASThAsaMghameM nanditaTa, mAthura, bAgar3a aura lAr3a-bAgar3a ye cAra prasiddha gaccha huai / yaha spaSTa hai ki ye cAroM nAma sthAnoM aura pradezoM ke nAmoMpara rakkhe gaye 1 paM0 bulAkIcandrakRta 'vacana - koza' meM jo vi0 saM0 1737 kA banA huA hai, likhA hai ki kASThAsaMghakI utpatti umAsvAmIke paTTAdhikArI lohAcArya dvArA agarohA nagara meM huI aura kAThakI pratimA - pUjAkA vidhAna karanese usakA kASThAsaMgha nAma par3A; parantu ukta kathA sarvatha avizvasanIya hai / kAThakI pratimAkI bAta to bilkula be- sirapairakI hai / kAThakI prati mAkA pUjanA kisI bhI sampradAya meM niSiddha nahIM hai, yadyapi kATha - pratimA TikAU na honese naI nahIM jAtI / 2 dekho darzanasArakI 31 se 41 nambara takakI gAthAyeM / 3 - kASThAsaMgha bhuvikhyAto jAnanti nRsurAsurAH / tatra gacchAzca catvAro rAjante vizrutAH kSitau // zrInanditaTasaMjJazca mAthuro bAgar3AbhidhaH / lAr3a-bAgar3a ityete vikhyAtAH kSitimaNDale //

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174 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa haiN| kumArasena nanditaTake the, usase nanditaTagaccha; rAmasena mathurAke the, usase mAthura gaccha aura bAgar3ase (sAgavAr3eke AsapAsake pradezako aba bhI bAgar3a kahate haiM) bAgar3agaccha aura lATa (gujarAta) aura bAgar3ase lAr3a-bAgar3a gaccha / lATa aura bAgar3a bahuta samaya taka eka hI rAjavaMzake adhIna raha cuke haiM / gaNa, gaccha aura saMgha kahIM-kahIM paryAyavAcI rUpameM bhI vyavahRta hue haiN| mAthurasaMghako jIva-rakSAke lie kisI tarahakI picchi na rakhaneke kAraNa hI jainAbhAsa kahA hai, yA aura kisI kAraNase, yaha samajhameM nahIM AtA / anyathA usa saMghake AcArya amitagatike granthoMse to unakA koI aisA siddhAnta-bheda nahIM mAlUma hotA, jisase unheM jainAbhAsa kahA jAya / unake granthoMkA paThana-pAThana bhI digambara sampradAyameM barAbara hotA calA AyA hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki mayUrapuccha aura gopucchakI picchi rakhanekA vivAda usa samaya itanA bar3ha gayA ho ki mAthurasaMghake AcAryoMne cir3hakara kisI bhI tarahakI picchi na rakhanA jyAdA pasanda kiyA ho / saMgha-bheda akasara aise choTe-choTe kAraNoM aura matasahiSNutAke abhAvameM hote rahe haiN| ___eka anumAna yaha bhI hotA hai ki kASThAsaMghake muni caityavAsI yA maThavAsI ho gaye the, mandiroMke lie bhUmi-grAmAdi grahaNa karane lage the| isI kAraNa zAyada unheM jainAbhAsa kahA gayA ho| __darzanasArakI racanA vi0 saM0 990 meM huI hai / usameM jo kASThAsaMgha kI utpattikA samaya vi0 saM0 753 batalAyA hai, usake bilakula ThIka honemeM hameM sandeha hai / isa viSayameM hamane darzanasAra-vivecanAmeM vistArake sAtha likhA hai / sandeha honekA sabase bar3A kAraNa yaha hai ki darzanasArake anusAra guNabhadrakI mRtyuke pazcAt vinayasenake ziSya kumArasenane kASThAsaMghakI sthApanA kI thI aura guNabhadra svAmIne apanA uttarapurANa za0 saM0 820, arthAt vi0 saM0 953 meM samApta kiyA hai| yadi isa 955 saMvatko hI unakA mRtyu-kAla mAna liyA jAya to kASThAsaMghakI utpatti 755 se lagabhaga do sau varSa pIche calI jAtI hai| 1 isa viSayapara -- vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya ' zIrSaka lekhameM adhika vistArake sAtha likhA gayA hai / 2 darzanasAra gAthA 30-32 /

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AcArya amitagati 175 isI taraha amitagatine apanA subhASitaratnasaMdoha vi0 saM0 1050 meM samApta kiyA hai aura unhoMne apanI guruparamparAke pA~ca pUrvajoMkA ullekha kiyA hai jinameM sabase pahale vIrasena haiM / yadi pratyeka pUrvajakA samaya 20 varSa bhI mAnA jAya, to sau varSa ho jAtA hai, arthAt vIrasenakA samaya vi0 sa0 950 ke lagabhaga hogA aura ukta vIrasena hI mAthurasaMghake sthApaka nahIM the, rAmasena the' aura yadi ve vIrasenase do-tIna pIr3hI hI pahale hue hoM, to unakA samaya bhI darzanasArameM batalAye hue mAthurasaMghakI sthApanAke samayase arthAt vi0 saM0 953 se pahale calA jAtA hai| __ lAr3a-bAgar3a saMgha bhI jo kASThAsaMghakI eka zAkhA hai, kAphI prAcIna mAlUma hotA hai / dubakuNDake jainamandirake prazasti-lekhake racayitA, vijayakIrti muni, lAr3a-bAgar3a saMghake haiM / ve zAntiSeNake ziSya the / ina zAntiSeNake pahaleke devasena, kulabhUSaNa aura durlabhasena nAmaka guruoMkA bhI usameM ullekha hai / zAntigheNa durlabhasenake ziSya the| arthAt vijayakIrtise kamase kama sau varSa pahale devasena guru hoMge / ukta lekha bhAdra sudI 3 vi0 saM0 1145 kA likhA huA hai / arthAt vi0 saM0 1045 se bhI pahale taka isa saMghakI paramparA jA paha~catI hai| ___ isI taraha pradyumnacarita kAvyake kartA mahAsena paramAra-rAjA muMjake samayameM vi0 saM0 1050 ke lagabhaga hue haiN| ye bhI lAr3a-bAgar3a saMghake the| inhoMne apane guru guNAkarasena aura dAdA guru jayasenakA ullekha kiyA hai, jo vi0 sa01000 ke lagabhaga hue hoMge yA usase kucha phle| 1 darzanasAra gAthA 40 / 2 gvAliyarase 79 mIla naiRtameM kuna nadIkI bAIM ora 'dubakuMDa ' nAmaka sthAnameM yaha jainamandira hai aura epigrAphiA iNDikA jilda 2, pRSTha 37-40 meM ukta lekha chapA hai / 3 pradyumnacarita mANikacandajaina-granthamAlAmeM prakAzita ho cukA hai| jisa pratike AdhArase vaha chapA thA, usameM prazasti nahIM thii| parantu kAraMjAke bhaMDArameM jo prati hai, usameM prazasti hai, jo Age ' mahAsenAcArya ' zIrSaka lekhameM uddhata kI gaI hai /

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176 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa guru-ziSya paramparA amitagatikI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai--- siddhAntapAragAmI vIrasena, unake ziSya devasena, devasenake ziSya amitagati ( prathama ), unake nemiSeNa, nemiSeNake mAdhavasena aura unake ziSya amitagati' / aura amitagatikI ziSya-paramparAkA patA amarakIrtike chekkammovaesa ( SaTkarmopadeza ) se lagatA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - amitagati, zAntiSeNa, amarasena, zrISeNa, candrakIrti aura cadrakIrtike ziSya amarakIrti / amarakIrtine apanA yaha apabhraMza bhASAkA grantha bhAdoM sudI 14 vi0 saM0 1247 ko samApta kiyA thA / granthoMkA paricaya amitagatisUrike abataka nIce likhe grantha upalabdha hue haiM 1 subhASitaratnasandoha - yaha eka svopajJa subhASita grantha hai / isameM sAMsArika viSayanirAkaraNa, mAyAhaMkAra - nirAkaraNa, indriyanigrahopadeza, strIguNadoSavicAra, devAnarUpaNa Adi battIsa prakaraNa haiM aura pratyeka meM bIsa-bIsa paccIsa paccIsa padya haiM / sugama saMskRta meM pratyeka viSayakA bar3I sundaratAse nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sabhI padya kaNTha karane lAyaka haiM / granthake upAntameM 217 zlokoM meM zrAvaka-dharmanirUpaNa hai, jise eka choTA-sA zrAvakAcAra samajhanA cAhie / pUre granthameM 922 padya haiM / nirNayasAgara kI kAvyamAlA meM yaha bahuta samaya pahale prakAzita ho cukA hai / kalakattekI siddhAnta pracAriNI sabhA ise hindI anuvAdasahita bhI prakAzita kara cukI hai / yaha vikrama saMvat 1050 pauSa sudI paMcamIko samApta huA thA, jaba ki rAjA muMja pRthivIkA pAlana karate the / - 2 dharmaparIkSA - yaha saMskRta sAhitya meM apane DhaMgakA eka nirAlA hI kAvyagrantha hai / isameM hindU purANoMkI UTapaTAMga kathAoM aura mAnyatAoMko bar3e hI manoraMjaka rUpameM majAka karate hue avizvasanIya ThaharAyA hai / sArA grantha eka sundara kathAke rUpameM zlokabaddha hai / zlokoMkI saMkhyA 1945 hai / yaha grantha * 1 Age dI huI prazastiyA~ dekhie 2 isa granthakA vistRta paricaya pro0 hIrAlAlajI jainane jaina - siddhAntabhAskara bhAga 2 aMka 3 meM diyA hai /

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AcArya amitagati 177 haribhadrasUrike dhUrtAkhyAna nAmaka prAkRta granthake DhaMgakA hai / kamase kama dhUrtAkhyAnakI chAyA isameM avazya hai / yaha bAta granthakartAkA Azu-kavi honA prakaTa karatI hai ki kevala do mahInemeM hI unhoMne isa granthako raca DAlA thaa| __ yaha grantha vikama saMvat 1070 meM samApta huA thA / abase lagabhaga 40 varSa pahale ise sva0 gurujI paM0 pannAlAlajIne hindI-anuvAda sahita bambaIse prakAzita kiyA thA / sA~galIse isakA eka saMskaraNa marAThI TIkAsahita bhI chapa cukA hai| 3 paMcasaMgraha-ise saMskRtazlokabaddha paMcasaMgraha kahanA cAhie / ajJAtanAmakartRka prAkRta paMcasaMgrahako hI sugama saMskRtameM zlokabaddha karake yaha racA gayA jAna par3atA hai| yaha vikrama saMvat 1073 meM masUtikApura nAmaka sthAnameM banakara samApta huA thaa| isakI prazastise mAlUma hotA hai ki inake guru mAdhavasenake samayameM sindhupati yA sindhula pRthvIkI rakSA karate the| yaha mANikacandajainagranthamAlAmeM prakAzita ho cukA hai / / 4 upAsakAcAra-amitagatizrAvakAcAra nAmase isakI prasiddhi hai / upalabdha zrAvakAcAroMmeM yaha bahuta vizada, sugama aura vistRta hai / racanA bahuta hI sundara aura kAvyamayI hai / isakI zlokasaMkhyA 1352 hai / isa granthake antameM kartAne apanI guru-paramparA to dI hai, parantu racanAkA samaya, sthAna Adi nahIM diyA hai / saMbhava hai, prazastike eka do padya lipikartAoMkI kRpAse chUTa gaye hoM / yaha anantakIrti-granthamAlAmeM sva0 paM0 bhAgacandajIkI bhASAvacanikAsahita prakAzita ho cukA hai| 5 ArAdhanA-yaha zivAryakI prAkRta ArAdhanAkA padyabaddha saMskRta anuvAda hai, jo kevala cAra mahInemeM pUrNa kiyA gayA thaa| isameM granthakarttAne devasenase 1-amitagatirivedaM svasya mAsadvayena / prathitavizada kIrtiH kAvyamudbhatadoSam / / abhI abhI hariSeNakRta * dhammaparikkhA' nAmaka apabhraMza bhASAkA eka grantha dekhaneko milA jo saMskRta dharmaparIkSAse pahalekA-vi0 saM0 1040 kA--banA huA hai aura hariSeNane likhA hai ki pahale dharmaparIkSA jayarAmakRta gAthAbaddha thI, use maiMne paddhaDiyA chandameM kiyA / jAna paDatA hai, amitagatine apanA saMskRta graMtha ukta do se kisI ekake AdhArase banAyA hai / zAyada isI lie usake banane meM kevala do hI mahIne lage / kathAnaka, pAtroMke nAma Adi dhammaparikkhA aura dharmaparIkSAke bilkula eka haiM / 12

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa lekara apane takakI guruparamparA dI hai; parantu samaya aura sthAna nahIM diyA hai| zolApurase prakAzita ho cukA hai| sAmayika pATha-yaha eka sau bIsa padyoMkA choTA-sA prakaraNa hai / isake antameM likhA hai--- " vRttavaMzazateneti kurvatA tattvabhAvanAM / sadyo'mitagateriSTA nivRttiH kriyate kare / iti dvitIya bhAvanA samAptA / " isase mAlUma hotA hai ki isa granthakA nAma sAmAyika pATha nahIM hai, yA to tattvabhAvanA hogA yA kucha aura / ' iti dvitIya bhAvanA se yaha bhI anumAna hotA hai ki sampUrNa grantha bar3A hai aura usakI yaha dUsarI bhAvanA yA dUsarA adhyAya hai / mANikacandra-granthamAlAke siddhAntasArAdisaMgrahameM yaha eka hI kApI parase prakAzita huA hai jise brahmacArI zItalaprasAdajI kisI pustaka-bhaMDArase nakala karake lAye the| __ 7 bhAvanA-dvAtriMzatikA-32 padyoMkA yaha bhI eka prakaraNa hai, jo sAmAyika pATha nAmase kaI sthAnoMse prakAzita ho cukA hai| pATha karane yogya sundara racanA hai| saMbhava hai, yaha bhI pUrvokta tattvabhAvanA yA aise hI kisI nAmavAle granthakA eka adhyAya ho / 8 yogasAra prAbhRta-isa granthake kartAkA nAma bhI amitagati hai, parantu isake kartA zAyada ina amitagatike dAdA guruke guru amitagati ho / kyoMki ye amitagati apane pratyeka granthake prAyaH pratyeka prakaraNa yA adhyAyake antameM apanA amitagati nAma zliSTa rUpase dete haiM / unakI yaha vizeSatA yogasArameM nahIM hai / isa granthake antameM koI guru-paramparA bhI nahIM dI hai| apane nAmake sAtha diyA huA 'vItarAga' vizeSaNa bhI inake prathama amita 1-dRSTvA sarva gagananagarasvapnamAyopamAnaM niHsaMgAtmAmitagatiridaM prAbhRtaM yogasAraM brahmaprAptyA paramamakRtaM sveSu cAtmapratiSTham nityAnandaM galitakalilaM sUkSmamatyakSalakSyam // yogasArAmidamekamAnasaH prAbhRtaM paThati yo'bhimAnataH // svasvarUpamupalakSya so'vitaH (ciraH) samprayAti bhavadoSavaMcitam / / iti zrIamitagativItarAgaviracitAyAmadhyAtmataraMgiNyAM navamodhikAraH /

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AcArya amitagati 179 gati honeke anumAnako sahArA detA hai / yaha jainasiddhAnta-prakAzinI saMsthA-dvArA hindI-anuvAda-sahita prakAzita ho cukA hai / / kucha grantha-sUciyoMmeM jambUdvIpaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, sArddhadvayadvIpaprajJapti aura vyAkhyAprajJapti ina cAra granthoMko aura bhI amitagati-kRta batalAyA hai / parantu abhI taka ye kahIM upalabdha nahIM hue haiN| upalabdha granthoMmeM subhASitaratnasandoha vi0 saM0 1050 kI racanA hai| isake pahalekI kisI racanAkA hameM patA nahIM / yaha grantha kAphI praur3ha hai / adhika nahIM to usa samaya granthakartAkI avasthA 25-30 varSakI avazya hogii| isa dRSTise hama zrIamitagatikA janma-kAla vi0 saM0 1020 ke lagabhaga mAna sakate haiM / paMca-saMgraha vi0 saMvat 1073 meM samApta huA hai, ataeva usa samaya ve 50 varSase Upara hoNge| samakAlIna rAjA apane granthoMmeM unhoMne muMja aura sindhulakA ullekha kiyA hai| ye donoM mAlaveke paramAra rAjA the aura unakI rAjadhAnI dhArA thii| ye muMja vahI haiM, jinake viSayameM kahA gayA hai ki yazaHpuMja muMjarAjAke cale jAnepara lakSmI to viSNuke pAsa calI jAyagI aura vIrazrI vIroMke ghara, parantu sarasvatI bilkula nirAvalamba ho jAyagI-usakA koI AzrayadAtA na rhegaa| muMja sarasvatI aura sarasvatI-sevakoMke aise hI AzrayadAtA the / unakA dUsarA nAma vAkpatirAja thau / ve svayaM bhI vidvAn aura kavi the / unakA banAyA huA koI svataMtra grantha to aba taka nahIM milA hai, parantu kucha granthoM meM unake kucha padya mile haiM / unakI lakSmIryAsyati govinde vIrazrIvIravezmani / gate muMje yazaHpuMje nirAlambA sarasvatI // -prabandhacintAmaNi prItyA yogya iti pratApavasati: khyAtena muMjAkhyayA yaH sve vAkpatirAjabhUmipatinA rAjye'bhiSiktaH svayam ||-tilk-mNjrii 3 paramAranareza arjunavarmadevane amaruzatakakI rasika-saMjIvinI TIkAmeM 22 veM zlokakI TIkAmeM yaha kahakara eka padya uddhRta kiyA hai ki yaha hamAre pUrvaja vAkpatirAja aparanAma muMjakA hai|

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180 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa rAjadhAnI ujayinImeM thii| ve rAjA sIyaka, zrIharSa yA siMhabhaTake putra the, bar3e hI parAkramI / karNATaka, lATa, kerala, colake rAjAoMko unhoMne jiitaa| kalacurinareza yuvarAja deva (dvitIya) ko harAkara usakI rAjadhAnI tripurIko lUTA, mevAr3apara car3hAI karake AhAr3a ko naSTa kiyA aura cittauragar3ha aura usake pAsake pradezako apane rAjyameM milA liyaa| unhoMne solaMkI rAjA tailapa dvitIyako chaha bAra harAyA, para sAtavIM bAra godAvarIke pAsake yuddhameM ve kaida kara liye gaye aura vi0 saM0 1050 aura 1054 ke bIca mAra DAle gaye / subhASitaratnasaMdohakI racanAke samaya ve jIte the / tilakamaMjarIke kartA dhanapAla, navasAhasAMkacarita-kartA padmagupta yA parimala, dazarUpAvaloka-TIkAke kartA dhanika, piMgala-chandaHsUtrake TIkAkAra halAyudha aura amitagati isa rAjAkI hI sabhAke ratna the| sindhula, sindhurAja, kumAranArAyaNa yA navasAhasAMka muMjake choTe bhAI aura prasiddha rAjA bhojake pitA the / padmaguptane inhIMkI AjJAse ' navasAhasAMka-carita' nAmakA aitihAsika kAvya likhA thA / muMjane apane jIte jI hI bhojako goda le liyA thaa| parantu bhoja nAvAliga ye, isalie muMjakI mRtyuke samaya sindhula hI rAjagaddIpara baiTha gaye the| inhoMne hUNoMko tathA dakSiNa kozala, bAgar3a, lATa aura muralavAloMko yuddhameM harAyA thaa| ye gujarAta-nareza solaMkI cAmuNDarAjake sAthakI lar3AI meM mAre gaye / vi0 saM0 1054 aura 1066 ke bIca kisI samaya inake mAre jAnekA anumAna kiyA gayA hai| bhaktAmara-carita, prabandhacintAmaNi, bhojaprabandha Adi granthoM meM rAjA muMjake dvArA sindhulake andhe kiye jAne aura bhojako vadha karaneke lie bhejanekI jo kathAyeM milatI haiM, ve sabhI kapolakalpita mAlUma hotI haiM / itihAsase unakI koI puSTi nahIM hotii| Age amitagatike granthoMkI prazastiyA~ uddhRta kI jAtI haiM 1 vAkpatirAjake eka dAna-patrase ( I0 eNTikverI, jilda 6, pR0 51-52 ) aura parimalake navasAhasAMka-caritase mAlUma hotA hai ki muMjake samaya rAjadhAnI ujjayinI thii| usake bAda dhArAko bhojadevane apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa|

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AcArya amitagati 181 grantha-prazastiyA~ subhASitaratnasandoha AzIvidhvastakantorvipulazamabhRtaH zrImataH kAntakIrtiH sUre-tasya pAraM zrutasalilanidherdevasenasya ziSyaH / vijJAtAzeSazAstro vratasamitibhRtAmagraNIrastakopaH zrImAnmAnyo munInAmamitagatiyatistyaktaniHzeSasaMgaH // 915 alaMdhyamahimAlayo vimalasattvavAnanadhivarasthiragabhIrato guNamaNiH payovAridhiH / samastajanatA satAM zriyamanazvarIM dehinAM sadA'mRtajalacyuto vibudhasevito dattavAn // 916 // tasya jJAtasamastazAstrasamayaH ziSyaH satAmagraNIH zrImAnmAthurasaMghasAdhutilakaH zrInemiSeNo'bhavat / ziSyastasya mahAtmanaH zamayuto nidhUtamohadviSaH zrImanmAdhavasenasU rirabhavatkSoNItale pUjitaH // 917 // kopArAtivighAtako'pi sakRpaH somo'pyadoSAkaro jaino'pyugratarastapo gatabhayo bhIto'pi saMsArataH / niSkAmo'pi samiSTamuktivanitAyukto'pi yaH saMyataH satyAropitamAnaso dhRtavRSo'pyarya: priyo'pyapriyaH // 918 / / dalitamadanazatrobhavyani-jabandhoH zamadamayamamUrtizcandrazubhrorukIrtiH / amitagatirabhUdyastasya ziSyo vipazcid viracitamidamayaM tena zAstraM pavitram 919 x x samArUDhe pUtatridazavasatiM vikramanRpe sahasre varSANAM prabhavati hi paMcAzadadhike / samApte paMcamyAmavati dharaNI muMjanRpatau site pakSe pauSe budhahitamidaM zAstramanagham 922 dharmaparIkSA siddhAntapAthonidhipAragAmI zrIvIraseno'jani sUrivaryaH / zrImAthurANAM yaminAM variSThaH kaSAyavidhvaMsavidhau paTiSTaH // 1 dhvastAzeSadhvAntavRttirmanasvI tasmAtsUridevaseno'janiSTa / lokodyotI pUrvazailAdivArkaH ziSTAbhISTaH stheyaso'pAstadoSaH // 2

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182 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa bhAsitAkhilapadArthasamUho nirmalo'mitagatirgaNanAthaH / vAsaro dinamaNeriva tasmAjAyate sma kamalAkarabodhI / / 3 nemiSeNagaNanAyakastataH pAvanaM vRSamadhiSThito vibhuH / pArvatIpatirivAstamanmatho yogagopanaparo gaNArcitaH / / 4 kopanivArI zamadamadhArI mAdhavasenaH praNatarasenaH / so'bhavadasmAdgalitamadosmA yo yatisAraH prazamitasAraH / / dharmaparIkSAmakRtavareNyAM dharmaparIkSAmakhilazaraNyAm / ziSyavariSTho'mitagatinAmA tasya paTiSTho'naghagatidhAmA / paMcasaMgraha zrImAthurANAmanaghadyutInAM saMgho'bhavavRttavibhUSitAnAm hAro maNInAmiva tApahArI sUtrAnusArI zazirasmizubhraH // 1 mAdhavasenagaNI gaNanIyaH zuddhatamo'jani tatra jniiyH| bhUyasi satyavatIva zazAMkaH zrImati sindhupatAvakalaMkaH // 2 ziSyastasya mahAtmano'mitagatirmokSArthinAmagraNI. retacchAstramazeSakarmasamitiprakhyApanAyAkRta / vIrasyeva jinezvarasya gaNabhRdbhavyopakArodyato durvArasmaradantidAraNahariH zrIgautamo'nuttamaH / / 3 trisaptatyadhike'ndAnAM sahasra zakavidviSaH masUtikApure jAtamidaM zAstraM manoramam // 6 upAsakAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanAkI prazastiyA~ koI vizeSatA na honese nahIM dI gii|

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mahAsenakA pradyumna carita ye lATa-vargaTa yA lAr3a-bAgar3a saMghake AcArya the| inakA banAyA huA pradyumna carita' kAvya nAmakA eka hI grantha upalabdha hai jo mANikacandrajainagranthamAlA meM prakAzita ho cukA hai / jisa eka pratike AdhArase ukta grantha prakAzita huA thA, usameM koI prazasti nahIM thI / parantu usake bAda pro0 hIrAlAlajI jainako kAraMjAke bhaMDAra meM isakI eka prati aisI milI jisameM nIce likhI prazasti dI huI hai-- " zrIlATavargaTanabhastalapUrNacandraH zAstrArNavAntagasudhIstapasAM nivAsaH / kAntAkalAvapi na yasya zarairvibhinnaM svAntaM vabhUva sa munirjayasenanAmA || tIrNAgamAMbudhirajAyata tasya ziSyaH zrImadguNAkaraguNAkarasenasUriH / yo vRttabodhatapasA yazasA ca nUnaM prApatparAmanupamAmupamAM munInAM // 2 tacchiSyo viditAkhilorusamayo vAdI ca vAgmI kaviH zabdabrahmavicitradhAmayazasAM mAnyAM satAmagraNIH / AsIt zrImahasena sUriranaghaH zrImuMjarAjArcitaH sImA darzanabodhavRttatapasAM bhavyAbjinIbAMdhavaH // 3 zrIsindhurAjasya mahattamena zrIparpaTenArcitapAdapadmaH / cakAra tenAbhihitaH prabaMdhaM sa pAvanaM niSThitamaGgajasya // 4 zrImatkAmamahAnarasya caritaM saMsAravicchedinaH zraddhAbhaktiparA prabuddhamanasA zRNvaMti ye sattamAH / saMvegAtkathayanti ye pratidinaM yo'dhIyate saMtataM bhUyAsuH sakalAstrilokamahitAH zrIvallabhenduzriyaH || 5 zrI bhUpateranucaro maghano vivekI zRMgArabhAvaghanasAgararAgasAraM / kAvyaM vicitraparamAdbhutavarNagumphaM saMlekhya kovidajanAya dadau suvRttaM // 6 zre. mANikyena likhitaM / saM0 1569 varSe phAlguna sudi 6 gurau /

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184 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa isakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki lATa-vargaTa saMghameM siddhAntoMke pAragAmI jayasena muni hue aura unake ziSya guNAkarasena / ina guNAkarasenake ziSya mahAsena sUri hue jo rAjA muMjake dvArA pUjita the aura sindhurAja yA sindhulake mahattama ( mahAmAtya) parpaTane jinake caraNakamaloMkI pUjA kI thii| unhoMne isa pradyumnacarita kAvyakI racanA kI aura rAjAke anucara vivekavAn maghanane ise likhakara kovidajanoMko diyaa| ___ isake pratyeka sargake antameM mahAsenako sindhurAjake mahAmahattama parpaTakA guru likhA hai jo isa bAtako sUcita karatA hai ki parpaTa jainadharmAnuyAyI the aura unhIMke kahanese isa kAvyakI racanA huI thii| ___ isameM yadyapi grantha-nirmANakA samaya nahIM diyA hai parantu vaha eka tarahase nizcita-sA hai / kyoMki muMja aura sindhulakA kAla zilAlekhoM aura dUsare sAdhanoMse nirNIta ho cukA hai| rAjA muMjake do dAnapatra vi0 saM0 1031 aura 1036 ke mile haiM aura 1050 aura 1054 ke bIca kisI samaya tailipadevane unakA vadha kiyA thaa| inhIM muMjadevake samayameM vi0 saM0 1050 meM amitagatine apanA subhASita-ratna-sandoha samApta kiyA thA / rAjA sindhula suprasiddha rAjA bhojake pitA the / inakI mRtyu gujarAtanereza cAmuNDarAya solaMkIka sAthakI lar3AImeM vi0 saM0 1066 ke kucha pUrva huI thii| arthAt pradyumna-caritakI racanA vi0 saM0 1031 se 1066 ke bIca kisI samaya huI hogii| lAr3a-bAgar3a saMgha mAthurasaMghake hI samAna kASThAsaMghakI eka zAkhA thii| isa saMghameM aneka prabhAvazAlI AcArya hue haiN| jinakI carcA anya lekhoMmeM kI gaI hai / mahAsenakI aura koI racanA abhItaka dekhane sunanemeM nahIM AI | pradyumnacarita catudarzasargAtmaka bahuta hI sundara aura sarasa kAvya hai / kheda hai ki yaha paThana-pAThanameM nahIM rahA, pustaka bhaMDAroMkI hI zobhA bar3hAtA rahA, isa lie isakI prasiddhi nahIM huii|

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hamAre tIrthakSetra itihAsa meM tIrthokA sthAna 1 pratyeka dharma aura sampradAya ke itihAsa meM usake tIrtha sthAnoMkA eka vizeSa sthAna rahatA hai | jaina-sampradAya ke saikar3oM tIrtha sthAna haiM parantu jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM unake viSaya meM itihAsakI dRSTi se abhItaka vicAra hI nahIM kiyA gayA hai aura yadi kiyA gayA hai to bahuta hI kama / jaina dharma ke mukhya sampradAya digambara aura zvetAmbara haiM / ina donoMke hI tIrthasthAna haiN| unameM bahuta se aise haiM jinheM donoM hI eka hI sthAnameM mAnate pUjate haiM aura bahuta-se aise bhI haiM jinheM yA to digambarI hI mAnate pUjate haiM yA kevala zvetAmbarI; athavA eka sampradAya eka sthAnameM mAnatA hai aura dUsarA dUsare sthAna meM / yaha abhinnatA aura bhinnatA eka itihAsajJake lie donoM sampradAyoMkI abhinnatA aura bhinnatAke samayoMkA nirNaya karanemeM bahuta sahAyaka ho sakatI hai / kisI prAnta yA pradezameM eka sampradAya ke tIrtha adhika haiM aura kisI meM dUsareke / isase una prAntoM meM una tIrthoMkI sthApanA ke samaya kI yA usase bAda kI sampradAyavizeSakI bahulatA yA prabalatAkA anumAna bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAcIna tIrtha kauna-kauna the aura pIche kauna kauna kaba kaba sthApita hue aura kisa bhAvanAkI prabalatAke kAraNa hue, yaha jAnanA bhI itihAsajJake lie bahuta upayogI hai | bahuta se tIrtha-sthAna eka samaya bahuta prasiddha the parantu isa samaya unakA patA bhI nahIM hai, ki ve kahA~ the aura kyA hue / isI taraha jahA~ kucha bhI na thA yA ekAdha mandira hI thA vahA~ bahutase naye naye mandira nirmANa ho gaye haiM aura pichale saudo-sau barasoMmeM to ve sthAna mandiroM aura mUrtiyoMse pATa diye gaye haiM / unako prAcIna tIrtha ke rUpameM prasiddha karane ke bhI prayatna kiye gaye haiM / yaha bhI itihAsa kI eka mahattva kI sAmagrI hai / caraNa-cihnoMkI pUjA, AyAga-paToMkI pUjA, stUpa-pUjA, mUrti - pUjA aura ina

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa sabakA krama-vikAsa tathA mUrti-zilpa aura sthApatya-kalAke vRddhi-hrAsakI jAnakArIke lie bhI tIrtha-kSetra atyanta upayogI haiM / jaina-samAjakI pichalI zatAbdiyoMkI manovRtti aura kalA-premakA utkarSApakarSa bhI ina tIrthoMke itihAsameM chupA huA hai| tIrthoke bheda isa samaya digambara-sampradAyameM tIrthakSetroMke do hI bheda kiye jAte haiM / eka to 'siddhakSetra' jahA~se tIrthaGkara yA dUsare mahAtmA siddha-pada yA nirvANako prApta hue haiM aura dUsare 'atizaya kSetra', jo kisI mUrti yA tatrastha devatAke kisI atizayake kAraNa bana gaye haiM yA jahA~ mandiroMkI bahulatAke kAraNa darzanArthI adhika jAne lage haiM aura isa kAraNa unakA atizaya bar3ha gayA hai| prAkRta nirvANa-bhaktike do khaNDa haiM, eka nirvANa-kANDa aura dUsarA atizayakSetrakANDa / ina do khaNDoMke kAraNa hI zAyada ukta mAnyatAkA pracAra huA hai| nirvANa-bhakti ( saMskRta ) ke TIkAkAra tIrthaGkaroMkI nirvANa-bhUmi aura anyeSAM (auroMkI) nirvANa-bhUmi kahakara siddha-kSetroMke bhI eka prakArase do bheda karate haiM / tIrthaGkaroMkI garbha-janma-tapa-jJAna-bhUmiyA~ bhI tIrthakSetroMmeM ginI jAtI haiM aura ginI jAnI cAhie; para ve ukta do bhedoMmeM antarbhukta nahIM ho sktiiN| ___ jahA~taka hama jAnate haiM- zvetAmbara-sampradAyameM siddhakSetra aura atizayakSetra bheda nahIM mAne jAte / zrIjinaprabhasUrike vividha-tIrthakalpameM tathA anya granthoMmeM isa tarahakA bheda-vidhAna nahIM milatA / lekhakA uddezya prAcIna tIrthasthAna vAstavameM kahA~ the yA kahA~ hone cAhie aura aba ve kina sthAnoMmeM mAne jA rahe haiM, kevala isI dRSTi se yaha lekha likhA gayA hai / gata jUna mahInemeM (san 1939) maiMne apanA avakAzakA samaya suhRdvara pro0 hIrAlAlajI jainake sAtha zrIgajapantha-kSetrapara vyatIta kiyA thA aura vahIMse mA~gItuGgI kSetrakI bhI yAtrA kI thii| usI samaya isa lekhako likhanekI preraNA huI aura unake sahayogasa isakA kaccA rUpa vahIM taiyAra kiyA gyaa| kevala itihAsa-dRSTise hI yaha likhA gayA hai, zraddhAluoMkI zraddhA-bhaktimeM kisI prakArakA antarAya DAlaneke abhiprAyase nahIM / isa viSayameM chAna-bIna karanekI bhI abhI kAphI gaMjAiza hai| aisI bahata-sI

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hamAre tIrthakSetra sAmagrI hogI, jo abhI taka aprakAzita par3I hai aura jisakI ora hamArA dhyAna nahIM jA sakA hai / 187 tIrthokA sAhitya digambara jaina- sampradAya meM isa samaya kevala do hI choTI-choTI pustakeM upalabdha haiM jo tIrthakSetroM ke sambandha meM yatkiMcit, so bhI aspaSTa aura adhUrI, sUcanAyeM detI haiM aura unhIMko mukhya mAnakara yaha lekha likhA gayA hai / pahalI hai 'prAkRta nirvANa -kANDa ' aura dUsarI ' saMskRta nirvANa-bhakti ' / pahalI meM kevala 19 aura dUsarI meM 32 padya haiM / dUsarI pustaka zrIprabhAcaMdrAcArya ke kriyA-kalApa meM saMgRhIta hai aura usapara unakI sAdhAraNa sI TIkA bhI hai / unake kathanAnusAra isake karttA pUjyapAda svAmI haiM yadyapi isake lie unhoMne koI pramANa nahIM diyA hai' / kundakundakI jitanI racanAyeM upalabdha haiM ve saba prAkRta meM haiM tathA pUjyapAda kI saMskRta meM aura cU~ki donoM bahumAnya AcArya haiM zAyada isIlie tamAma bhaktiyoMkA donoM meM ba~TavArA kara diyA gayA hai 1 paM0 AzAdharakA bhI eka kriyA-kalApa nAmakA grantha hai aura usameM unhoMne bhI pUrvokta kriyA-kalApakI adhikAMza bhaktiyA~ saMgRhIta kI haiM parantu unhoMne unake karttAoMke sambandhameM isa taraha kI koI bAta nahIM likhI hai / zrIprabhAcandrane apane kriyA-kalApa meM prAkRta mirvANa-kANDakA saMgraha nahIM kiyA hai parantu paM0 AzAdharane usake ( nirvANakANDake ) prArambhakI pA~ca gAthAyeM hI dI haiM / zeSa gAthAyeM kyoM chor3a dI gaI, yaha samajha meM nahIM AyA / bambaIke ' ailaka pannAlAla-sarasvatI-bhavana ' kI prati dekhakara yaha bAta likhI jA rahI hai jo bahuta azuddha hai / sambhava hai lekhakake pramAdase zeSa gAthAyeM chUTa gaI hoM / 1 nirvANa-bhakti aura nirvANa-kANDa ina donoMke hI ThIka samaya nirNayakI jarUrata hai / anya granthoM meM yadi kahIM inake uddharaNa mila jAya~ to isapara kucha prakAza par3a sakatA hai / phira bhI yaha nizcita hai ki ye donoM pustakeM paM0 AzAdharajIke 1 siddhabhaktikI TIkAke antameM zrIprabhAcandrane isa prakAra likhA hai--" saMskRtA: sarvA bhaktayaH pAdapUjyasvAmikRtAH prAkRtAstu kundakundAcAryakRtAH / " arthAt saMskRtakI sArI bhaktiyA~ pUjyapAdasvAmikRta haiM aura prAkRtakI kundakundAcAryakRta /

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pahalekI haiM aura ve vikramakI terahavIM zatAbdI ke - para ina - I antameM hue haiM / arthAt kamase kama chaH sau varSa pahale kI to ye haiM hIdonoM meM kucha adhika samatA nahIM hai / donoM hI judA-judA DhaGgase likhI gaI haiM / nirvANa - kANDameM to tIrthoMkA ullekhamAtra karake aura kahIM kahIM unakA sthAna- nirdeza karake, vahA~se mukti prApta karanevAloMko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura nirvANa-bhakti meM pahale bIsa padyoMmeM kevala bhagavAn mahAvIrake pA~coM kalyANoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura phira Age ke bAraha padyoM meM kailAsa, caMpApura, giranAra, pAvApura, sammedazikhara, zatruJjaya AdikA ullekha karake dUsare nirvANa sthAnoMkA nAmamAtra de diyA hai / pahale ke 20 padyoMko par3hakara to mAlUma hotA hai ki ve eka svatantra stotrake padya haiM jinake anta meM yaha padya hai 188 --- " " ityevaM bhagavati varddhamAnacandre yaH stotraM paThati susandhayordvayorhi / so'nantaparamasukhaM nRdevaloke bhuktvAnte zivapadamakSayaM prayAti / ina do pustakoMke sivAya tIrthakSetroM kI khoja meM sahAyatA denevAlI aura koI svatantra racanA hamAre dekhane meM nahIM aaii| hA~, kathA-sAhitya se kucha bAteM saMgRhIta kI jA sakatI haiM / zvetAmbara - sAhitya meM avazya hI vividha tIrthakalpa, tIrthamAlA, vividha-prabandha Adi aneka sAdhana haiM / sarvamAnya tIrtha donoM bhaktiyoM ke aSTApada ( kailAsa ) campA, Urjayanta ( giranAra ) aura zatruJjaya, aise tIrtha haiM jinake viSaya meM koI matabheda nahIM hai' aura digambarazvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAya inheM mAnate haiM / ataeva inake viSaya meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye sabase prAcIna haiM aura zAyada tabase haiM jaba jainazAsana avibhakta thA, usameM bheda nahIM hue the / pAvApura pAvApura bhI donoM sampradAyoMko mAnya hai aura eka hI sthAnameM mAnA jAtA hai / phira bhI kucha itihAsajJa ukta sthAnake viSaya meM sandeha karate haiM / bauddhadharmake 1 zrIyativRSabhAcAryakI ' tiloyapaNNatti ' meM kSetra - maMgalakA udAharaNa dete hue pAvAnagarI, ujjayaMta aura campA tIna nAmoMkA ullekha karake Adi zabda de diyA hai. 66 "" edassa udAharaNaM pAvANagarujjayaMta campAdI |

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hamAre tIrthakSetra suprasiddha vidvAn paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyanake matAnusAra gorakhapura jilekA papaura ( pApApura ) gA~va hI pAvApura hai, jo paDaronAke pAsa hai aura kasayAse 12 mIla uttara-pUrvako hai / kasayA gorakhapurase 37 mIla pUrvameM hai / malla logoMke gaNatantrakA saMsthAgAra ( sabhA-bhavana ) isI pAvAnagarameM thA / eka bAra buddha bhagavAn pAvAke AmravanameM Thahare the| jaba ve bImAra ho gaye, taba vahA~se kasayA yA kusInArAko cala par3e aura isalie usa bAraha mIlake antarako ve rAstemeM 25 jagaha baiTha-uThakara madhyAhnase sandhyAkAlataka pAra kara sake / kalpasUtra meM likhA hai ki jisa rAtriko mahAvIra bhagavAnkA nirvANa huA usa rAtako nava malla aura nava licchavi isa taraha aTThAraha gaNa-rAjAoMne proSadhopavAsa kiyA aura unake dharmopadezake abhAvameM dIpaka jalAkara prakAza kiyA / isase bhI anumAna hotA hai ki malloMke gaNa-tantrake samIpa hI bhagavAnkA nirvANa huA hogaa| DA0 jaikobI Adi pAzcAtya vidvAnoMko bhI vartamAna pAvApurIke ThIka honemeM sandeha hai| DA0 tribhuvanadAsa la0 zAhane apane ' prAcIna bhAratavarSa' nAmaka gujarAtI granthameM bhilasAke pAsake sA~cI-stUpako bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa-sthAna siddha karanekA prayatna kiyA hai aura usIko apApApurI yA pAvApurI batalAyA hai| ___ mAlUma nahIM vartamAna pAvApurImeM usakI prAcInatAko prakaTa karanevAle koI cihna lekhAdi haiM yA nahIM aura yadi haiM to ve kitane prAcIna haiM / yadyapi isakI sambhAvanA bahuta kama hai / kyoMki prAcInatAkI rakSA karanemeM jaina-samAja utanA hI asAvadhAna rahA hai jitanA navIna nirmANa karanemeM kaTivaddha / phira bhI isa sambandhameM khojakI jAnI cAhie / papaurake AsapAsa bhI khojakI AvazyakatA hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara tIrtha gajapantha, tuGgI, pAvAgiri, droNagiri, meDhagiri, kuMthugiri, siddhavarakUTa, bar3avAnI Adi tIrtha aise haiM jinheM kevala digambara sampradAya hI mAnatA pUjatA hai aura isI taraha phalavarddhi (phalodhI), arbudAdri (AbU ), stambha Adi kucha aise tIrtha haiM jinheM digambara-sampradAya nahIM mAnatA aura na usake sAhityameM inakA koI ullekha milatA hai| nirvANakANDake tAraura, pAvAgar3ha, pAvAgiri, kunthugiri, bar3avAnI Adi.

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa tIrthokA nAmollekha saMskRta nirvANa-bhaktimeM bhI nahIM hai aura nirvANabhaktike sahyAdri, viMdhyAdri, himavat , vRSadIpaka nirvANa-kANDameM dikhalAI nahIM dete| isase anumAna hotA hai ki ye donoM bhaktiyA~ pRthak kAloMkI racanAyeM haiM aura sambhava hai ki inake kartAoMke lie eka dUsarekI racanA aparicita rahI ho / aba hama pratyeka tIrthake viSayameM khojakI dRSTise prakAza DAlanekI ceSTA kareMge-kevala kailAsa, giranAra Adi sarvamAnya tIrthoko chor3a deNge| atizaya kSetroMke sambandhameM kisI dUsare lekhameM vicAra kiyA jAyagA / tAraura baradatto ya varaMgo sAyaradatto ya tAravaraNayare / AhuTTayakoDIo NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM // 3 // nirvANakANDakI isa tIsarI gAthAmeM isa sthAnase varAMga, sAgaradatta, varadattAdi sAr3he tIna karor3a muniyoMkA nirvANa likhA hai| mudrita pustakoMmeM 'tAravaraNayare' pATha hai parantu hamArI samajhameM 'tArauraNiyaDe' (tArApuranikaTe) honA cAhie / 'tAraura' tArApurakA apabhraMza hai / somaprabhAcAryake 'kumArapAlapratibodha' nAmaka granthameM 'AryakhapuTAcArya-kathA' dI hai| ukta kathAmeM ise tArIura (tArApura) hI likhA hai aura kahA hai ki baccharAjane pahale pahAr3ake nikaTa bauddhoMkI tArAdevIkA 1 nirvANa-kANDakI kucha pratiyoMmeM 19 vIM gAthAke bAda nIce likhI gAthA adhika milatI hai jisameM viMdhyAcalakA ullekha hai viMdhyAcalammi raNe mehaNAdo iMdajayasahiyo / meghava(u)raNAma titthe (?) NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM // 2 nirvANakANDakI gAthAoMke nambara saba pratiyoMmeM ekase nahIM haiM, kahIM kahIM gaDabar3a bhI hai / 3 gAyakavADa oriyaMTala sIrIjameM prakAzita 'kumArapAla-pratibodha' pRSTha 443 / 4- tArAi buddhadevIi maMdiraM teNa kAriyaM puvvaM / Asannagirammi tao bhannai tArAuraM ti imo // teNeva tattha pacchA bhavaNaM siddhAiyAi kAraviyaM / taM puNakAlavaseNaM digaMbarehiM pariggahiyaM // tattha mamAeseNaM ajiyajiNiMdassa maMdiraM tuMgaM / daMDAhiva abhaeNaM jasadevasueNa nimmaviyaM //

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 191 maMdira banavAyA thA, isIlie use tArApura kahate haiM / isake bAda usI baccharAjane phira siddhAyikA devIkA maMdira banavAyA jo kAlavaza digambariyoMne le liyA / aba vahIMpara mere (kumArapAlake ) Adezase ajitanAthakA U~cA maMdira yazodevake putra daNDAdhipa abhayadevane nirmANa kiyA / yaha kahanekI AvazyakatA nahIM ki tAraMgAmeM jo vizAla zvetAmbara maMdira kumArapAla mahArAjakA banavAyA huA maujUda hai, yaha usIkA ullekha hai| tArApurakA tAraurase tAraMgA nAma kaise bana gayA, yaha samajhameM nahIM aataa| sambhava hai yaha tArAgA~vase apabhraSTa huA ho / isa sthAnase varAMgAdikA mokSa jAnA likhA hai / parantu varddhamAna bhaTTArakake varAMga-caritake anusAra to varAMga mukta nahIM hue balki sarvArthasiddhiko gaye haiM ! isake sivAya ukta caritameM unake deha-tyAgake sthAnakA nAma tAraMgA yA tArapura nahIM likhA hai| unhoMne Anartapura nagara basAyA thA, vahA~ vizAla jinAlaya banavAkara pratiSThA karAI thI aura phira vahIM varadatta gaNadharake samIpa dIkSA le kara tapasyA kI thii| zrIjaTA-siMhanandike varAGgacaritake anusAra bhI varAGga vahIMpara tapasyA karake sarvArthasiddhiko gaye haiM / bhAgavata purANake anusAra dvArakA Anartta dezameM hI thI aura usakI rAjadhAnI AnartapurakA vartamAna tAraMgAse koI mela nahIM baiThatA / saMskRta nirvANa-bhaktimeM bhI tArApura yA tAraGgAkA nAma nahIM hai| yahA~ do digambara maMdira haiM jinameMse eka saMvat 1611 kA hai aura dUsarA 1923 kA / isake pahalekA koI cihna vahA~ nahIM raha gayA hai| pAvAgiri rAmasuA viNNi jaNA lADanariMdANa atttthkoddiio| pAvAe girisihare NivyANa gayA Namo tesiM // 5 // arthAt pAvAke girizakharase rAmake do putra aura lATa-narendra Adi pA~ca karor3a muniyoMko mokSa prApta huaa| isa samaya bar3odAse 28 mIlakI dUrIpara cA~pAnerake pAsakA pAvAgar3ha hI pAvAgiri mAnA aura pUjA jAtA hai / yaha pAvAgar3ha vAstavameM eka bahuta vizAla pahAr3I kilA hai jisakA prAcIna

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192 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zilAlekhoMmeM pAvakagar3ha' nAmase ullekha milatA hai / yaha pahale tomaravaMzI rAjA oMke adhikArameM thaa| cAraNa kavi caMdane apane pRthvIrAjarAsomeM isa pAvakagar3hakA adhipati rAmagor3a tomarako likhA hai| usake pIche yaha san 1483 meM musalamAnoMke adhikArameM aayaa| unake samayameM bhI yaha prasiddha kilA ginA jAtA thaa| ___ yahA~ pahAr3ake Upara ATha dasa mandiroMke khaNDahara par3e hue haiM jinameMse tInacArakA kucha samaya pahale jIrNoddhAra kiyA gayA hai / ina mandiroMmeM jo pratimAyeM haiM unameM sabase prAcIna pratimA mAgha sudI 7 somavAra vi0 saM0 1642 ko bhaTTAraka vAdibhUpaNake upadezase pratiSThita huI hai| 1645, 1665 aura 1669 kI bhI pratimAyeM haiM parantu pratimA-lekhoMse athavA aura kisI prAcIna lekhase isa sthAnakA siddhakSetra honA prakaTa nahIM hotA / pAvAgar3hake nIce cA~pAnera zaharake khaNDahara par3e hue haiM / kisI samaya yaha bar3A bhArI nagara thaa| __ zrIraviSeNAcAryakRta padmacaritake anusAra rAmacandrake putra lava-kuMzane ayodhyA meM hI dIkSA lI thI; parantu isa bAtakA koI ullekha nahIM hai ki unakA nirvANa pAvAgirise huA thA / anya kisI kathA-granthameM bhI isakA spaSTa nirdeza dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| pAvAgiri (dvitIya) pAvAgirivarasihera suvaNNabhadAi muNivarA curo| calaNANaItaDagge NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM // 13 // isa gAthAmeM eka dUsare pAvAgirikA nirdeza hai jo calanA nadIke taTapara thA aura jahA~se suvarNabhadrAdi cAra muniyoMko mokSa huA thaa| saMskRta nirvANabhaktimeM na to ukta calanA nadIkA nAma hai aura na pAvAgirikA, sirpha likhA hai 1 digambara-jaina DiraikTarIke anusAra pA~caveM phATakake bAda chaTheke bAhara bhItapara eka padmAsana-pratimA Der3ha phITa U~cI utkIrNa hai, jisapara saMvat 1134 likhA hai / 2 zrIguNabhadrAcAryakRta uttarapurANameM to rAmacandrake putroMkA hI jikra nahIM haiN| lavakuza nAmake putra hI unake nahIM hue /

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 193 ' nadyAstaTe jitaripuzca suvarNabhadraH / ' arthAt nadIke taTase karmazatruko jItanevAle suvarNabhadrakA mokSa huA / , abhI taka isa dUsare pAvAgirikA koI patA nahIM thA; parantu aba kucha dhanikoM aura paNDitoMne milakara indaurake pAsa ( Una nAmaka sthAnako pAvAgiri banA DAlA hai aura vahA~ dharmazAlA, mandira Adi nirmANa karAke bAkAyadA tIrtha sthApita kara diyA hai / pichale samaya meM tIrtha kisa taraha nirmANa hote rahe haiM, mAno usakA yaha eka tAjA udAharaNa hai / 'mahArASTrIya jJAna - koSa' ke anusAra unameM eka jaina maMdira bArahavIM sadIkA hai / usameM dhArake paramAra rAjAkA zilAlekha hai / parantu jaba taka kisI prAcIna lekhameM ukta sthAnakA nAma ' pAvAgiri' likhA huA nahIM milatA, taba taka Unake viSaya meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha eka prAcIna sthAna hai aura vahA~ kisI samaya jainoMne bar3e bar3e mandira banavA kara apanA vaibhava aura dharma-prema prakaTa kiyA thA / eka bAta aura hai| nirvANa-kANDakI bahuta-sI pratiyoM meM yaha gAthA hI nahIM hai / paM0 pannAlAlajI sonIne apane sampAdita kiye hue ' kriyA-kalApa ' meM isa gAthA - para TippaNa diyA hai ki ' gAtheyaM pustakAntare nAsti / ' yahA~ke ' ailaka pannAlAlasarasvatI-bhavana' ke guTakA (ja) meM jo nirvANa-kANDa hai, usameM bhI yaha nahIM hai | yaha guTakA kamase kama do sau varSakA purAnA jarUra hogA / isalie saMbhava hai ki yaha gAthA prakSipta hI ho / kisI lekhakane yaha pATha TippaNa meM likha liyA ho aura pIche vaha mUlameM zAmila ho gayA ho / ina do pAvAoMke viSaya meM vicAra karate samaya hamArA dhyAna bundelakhaNDake do atizaya kSetroMkI tarapha bhI jAtA hai, jinameM se eka TIkamagar3ha ( orachA sTeTa ) se tIna mIla dUra hai aura jise ' papaurA ' kahate haiM / vahA~ bArahavIM zatAbdIse lekara unnIsavIM zatAbdI takake bane hue 82 vizAla mandira haiM / vikrama saMvat 1202 kI caMdela rAjA madanavarmadeva ke samaya kI do pratimAyeM bhI vahA~ haiM / isa sthAna se do mIla para , 6 ura' nAmakI eka nadI hai aura ramannA ( ramaNyAraNyaka ) nAmakA bahuta ghanA jaGgala mandiroMke parakoTese hI lagA huA hai / isa papaurA yA papaurakA pApApura yA papaurase mela baiThatA hai / dUsarA atizayakSetra ' pavAjI' kahalAtA hai, jo tAlabehaTa ( lalitapura aura jhA~sI ke bIca ) se mIla uttarakI ora hai / vahA~ 13

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194 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa bhI eka bhauhiremeM bArahavIM zatAbdIkI pratimAyeM haiN| yaha bhauhirA eka pahAr3Ike mUlameM hai aura AsapAsa pahAr3iyA~ haiM / kSetrase Adha mIlake phAsilepara 'pavA' nAmaka gA~va bhI hai aura eka vizAla sarovara / betavA ( vetravatI) nadI bhI koI Der3ha mIlapara hai / yaha pavA' nAma bhI pAvAke bahuta nikaTa hai / paM0 AzAdharajIne apane kriyA-kalApameM nirvANa-kANDakI jo gAthAyeM dI haiM unameM 'pAvAe girisihare ' pATha hai| usase bhAsa hotA haiM ki 'pAvA' gA~vakA nAma hogA aura usIke pAsakA koI giri-zikhara mokSa-sthAna hogaa| para yaha to eka kalpanA hai / DhU~r3ha-khoja karanevAloMko dizAsUcana-bharake lie likha dI hai| gajapantha satteva ya balabhaddA jaduvariMdANa atttthkoddiio| gajapaMthe girisihare NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM // 7 // isa gAthAmeM gajapaMthagirise sAta balabhadra aura yAdava rAjAdi ATha karor3a muniyoMkA mokSa-gamana batalAyA hai| gAthAkA eka aura adhika pracalita pATha hai 'saMte je balabhaddA' jisase sAtakI saMkhyAkA bodha nahIM hotaa| do balabhadra, arthAt rAmacandra aura baladeva (kRSNake bhrAtA) kA to yaha nirvANa-sthala hai nahIM / kyoMki jaisA ki Age batalAyA hai, uttarapurANake anusAra rAmacaMdrakA nirvANa sammedazikharase huA hai aura baladevakA mokSa huA hI nahIM hai, ve mahendrasvargako gaye haiM / anya sAta balabhadra kahA~se mukta hue haiM, uttarapurANase isakA koI patA nahIM cltaa| usameM balabhadroMke vairAgya aura dIkSAke varNana to diye haiM, parantu mokSa-sthAnoMke nirdezakA abhAva hai| graMthAntaroMse bhI isakA kucha patA nahIM calatA / aura yaha nirvANakANDameM bhI nahIM batalAyA ki gajapaMtha kahA thaa| vartamAna gajapaMtha nAsikake nikaTa masarUla gA~vake pAsakI eka choTI-sI pahAr3Ipara mAnA aura pUjA jAtA hai; paraMtu isa kSetrakA itihAsa to vikrama saMvat 1939 se 1 pavAjIkI kalpanA TIkamagar3ha ( jhA~sI )ke paM0 ThAkuradAsajI jaina bI0 e0 se pUchatAcha karate samaya acAnaka hI dhyAnameM A gii| 2 paM0 pannAlAlajI sonIdvArA sampAdita * kriyAkalApa'meM yaha gAthA tIsare nambarapara dI huI hai /

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 195 hI prAraMbha hotA hai jaba ki ise nAgaura (mAravAr3a ) ke bhaTTAraka kSemendrakIrtine sthApita kiyA thaa| unhoMne masarUla gA~vameM Akara vahA~ke pATIlase (mAlagujArase) kahA ki maiM isa pAsakI pahAr3Ipara jaina-tIrtha banAU~gA aura tumhAre isa gA~vameM dharmazAlA / isake lie mujhe jagaha cAhie / gA~vakA pATIla usa samaya upasthita nahIM thA, usake lar3ake the / unase jagahakA saudA taya nahIM huA taba bhaTTArakajI apane parikarake sAtha dUsare gA~va cale gaye jo mhasarUlase pAsa hI hai aura usake nikaTa bhI eka dUsarI pahAr3I hai| usa pahAr3ImeM bhI kucha guphAyeM aura mUrtiyA~ haiM, isalie unheM agatyA vahIM tIrtha sthApana karanekA vicAra karanA par3A / idhara jaba vRddha pATIla apane ghara AyA aura usane saba vRttAnta sunA taba lar3akoMse aprasanna huA aura bolA, "tumane galatI kii| jainI loga bar3e mAladAra haiM, yahA~ dharmazAlA aura maMdira bana jAnese hama logoMko aura bastIvAloMko bahuta lAbha hogaa|" Akhira vaha tatkAla hI apanI gAr3I jota kara usa gA~vako cala diyA aura bhaTTArakajIse milaa| usane manAmunU kara saudA pakkA kara liyA aura unheM vApasa lauTA lAyo / isake bAda bhaTTArakajIne dharmazAlA banavAI aura saMvat 1942 meM zolApurake seTha nAnacaMda phatehacaMdajIne unakI preraNAse maMdira-nirmANa karAyA jisakI pratiSThA 1943 meM kI gii| gajapaMthakI pahAr3Ipara jo guphAyeM aura pratimAyeM thIM unakA to aba bhaktoMdvArA itanA rUpAntara ho gayA hai ki prAcInatAkA koI cihna bhI vahA~ bAkI nahIM rahA hai| parantu usa samaya bhI yahA~ koI aisA lekha yA cihna nahIM thA jisase yaha vizvAsa kiyA jA sake ki 1939 ke pahale kabhI isakA nAma gajapaMtha rahA hogaa| digambara jaina DirekTarImeM jo san 1913 meM prakAzita huI thI, isa kSetrakA kucha varNana diyA hai / usameM yahA~kI prAcInatAkA koI ullekha nahIM hai, antameM sirpha itanA likhA hai ki " yahA~ eka khaMDita zilAlekha milA hai / jisakA sArAMza yaha hai-' saMvat 1141 meM haMsarAja-mAtA godI bAIne mANika svAmIke darzana karake apanA janma saphala kiyA' / " yaha zilA-lekha kahA~ hai aura isakA mUlarUpa kyA hai, yaha jAnanekA aba koI 1 lekhaka lagabhaga 25 varSa pahale mhasarUlameM lagabhaga do mahIne lagAtAra rahA thA aura ukta vRddha pATIlase prAyaH hararoja hI milatA thA / pATIlane svayaM apane mu~hase yaha itihAsa kahA thaa|

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196 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa upAya nahIM hai / parantu yaha eka bar3A adbhuta ullekha hai, kyoMki nijAma sTeTameM ( alera sTezana se 4 mIla) jo kulpAka nAmakA tIrtha hai, vahA~ke mUla nAyakakI pratimA hI mANikya svAmIke nAmase prakhyAta hai| zrIjinaprabhasUrike ( vi0 saM0 1364-89) vividhatIrthakalpameM ' kollapAka-mANikyadevatIrthakalpa' nAmakA jo kalpa hai, usameM isa tIrthakA aura mANikyasvAmIkI Azcaryajanaka mUrtikA vistRta varNana diyA hai| __ isI taraha ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavana bambaIke eka guTakemeM ( 2266 kha) eka vinA zIrSakakI racanA hai jisameM 17 padya haiM aura jo bhaTTAraka dharmabhUSaNake vividha ziSyoMke banAye hue haiM tathA jinake antameM prAyaH banAnevAle ziSyakA nAma diyA huA hai| usameM bhI kulpAka kSetrake mANika svAmIkA varNana kiyA hai: desa tilaMgamajhAra, sAra kulupAkSa sujaano| mAnikasvAmI deva, Adi-jina-biMba bakhAno / cakrapatI bharatesa, tAsakara mudrika pratimA / pUjI rAvaNarAya, kAja ( la ?) dussama yuga-mahimA / jalanidhi mAzAti (?) tadA, saMkararAya sapanaja lahA / nija bhuvane jina Ani ne, tInikAla pUje tahA // ina pramANoMse spaSTa hai ki mANikya svAmIkI mUrti ukta kulpAka tIrthakI hI mUrti hai| isalie ukta lekhake sambandhameM yaha to kahA hI nahIM jA sakatA ki gajapaMthameM hI mANikya svAmIke darzana karake godIbAIne janma saphala kiyA thaa| taba yahI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki ukta zilAlekha kisI taraha kisIke dvArA kulpAkase yahA~ lAyA gayA hogA jisakA aba patA nahIM hai| mANikyasvAmIkA tIrtha aba bhI hai aura vahA~ke aneka purAne zilAlekhoM meM usakA ullekha bhI hai| mhasarUlake maMdirameM 'gajapaMthAcala maNDalapUjA' nAmakI eka hastalikhita pustaka hai / use par3hakara to yaha karIba karIba nizcita ho jAtA hai ki bhaTTAraka kSemendrakIrti hI isa tIrthake sRSTA aura vidhAtA haiM / ukta pustakake antakI nIce likhI huI prazasti par3hie " hemakIrtimuneH paTTe kSemendrAdiyazaH prabhuH / tasyAjJayA viracitaM gajapaMthasupUjanaM // 21 //

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 97 viduSA zivajidraktanAmadheyena mohanapremNA yAtrAprasiddhayarthaM caikAhniracitaM ciraM // 22 // jIyAdidaM pUjanaM ca vizvabhUSaNavaddhRvaM / tasyAnusArato jJeyaM na ca buddhikRtaM tvidaM // 23 // ityAzIrvAdaH iti nAgArapaTTavirAjamAnazrIbhaTTArakakSemendrakIrtiviracitaM gajapaMthamaMDalapUjanavidhAnaM smaaptm| saMvat 1939mAghazuklapaMcamI somavAsare koparagrAmapratiSThAyAM smaaptmidm|" arthAt hemakIrtike paTTake uttarAdhikArI bhaTTAraka kSemendrakIrtikI AjJAse yaha gajapaMtha maMDala pUjana racA gayA / ise paM0 zivajIlAlane, mohanake premase, yAtrAkI prasiddhike lie-arthAt loga isa tIrthako jAna jAya aura yAtrAko Ane lageM-kevala eka dinameM banAyA / yaha pUjana vizva-bhUSaNake samAna ciraMjIvI ho / yaha usIke anusAra hai, apanI buddhikRta nahIM hai| ___ isa taraha isake kartA paM0 zivajIlAla haiM; paraMtu cU~ki ve to AjJAkArI mAtra the, isIlie antameM yaha bhI likha gaye ki yaha bhaTTAraka kSemendrakIrti-viracita hai ! koparagA~va ( jilA ahamadanagara ) kI pratiSThAke avasarapara saM0 1939 meM bhaTTArakajIne paNDitajIko bulavAyA hogA aura usI samaya unase yaha kAma karA liyA hogaa| paM0 zivajIlAla jayapurake bhaTTArakAnuyAyI paNDita the / unakA svargavAsa hue bahuta adhika varSa nahIM hue haiM / unhoMne saMskRta aura bhASAmeM aneka granthoMkI racanA kI thii| carcAsaMgraha, terahapaMtha-khaNDana, ratnakaraNDakI vacanikA Adi unake ...... __ _ ..... ..... 1-ukta prazastikA 'vizvabhUSaNavat' pada zliSTa mAlUma hotA hai / zAyada isameM sonAgirikI gaddIke bhaTTAraka vizvabhUSaNakA saMketa ho jo jagadbhUSaNake ziSya the aura saMvat 1722 ke lagabhaga maujUda the| grantha sUciyoMmeM unake 'mAMgItuGgI-pUjana-vidhAna'kA nAma milatA haiN| zAyada yaha maNDala-vidhAna usIke DhaGgapara usIke anusAra banAyA gayA ho| pUrA nizcaya to mA~gItuGgI-pUjanake milanepara hI ho sakatA hai| jainasiddhAntamAskara varSa 2, kiraNa 1 ke pratimAlekha-saMgrahameM eka 'samyagdarzanayaMtra'kA ullekha hai jo saMvat 1722 kA vizvabhUSaNakI AmnAyake eka gRhasthakA diyA huA hai aura mainapurIke mandirakI ajitanAthakI pratimA saM0 1688 meM jagadbhUSaNa bhaTTArakadvArA pratiSThita hai|

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198 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa mukhya grantha haiM, jinameM terahapaMthakI khUba khabara lI gaI hai / bhagavatI-ArAdhanAkI eka saMskRta TIkA bhI unakI upalabdha hai'| ukta 'gajapaMtha-maNDala-vidhAna' meM dasa kaTanI banAnekI vidhi hai jinake anusAra ATha karor3a muni dasa hissoMmeM lAkhoM-hajAroMkI saMkhyA bA~Ta diye gaye haiM aura isa taraha ukta pratyeka vibhakta saMkhyAke pahale eka eka munikA nAma dekara sabako arghya diyA gayA hai| jaiseOM hrIM bArahalakSa tetIsa hajAra munisahita kanakakIrtimuni mokSapadaM prAptAyAya'm / oM hrIM dvAdazalakSa guNatIsahajAra munisahita dharmakIrtimuni mokSapadaprAptAyAya'm / ___ paraMtu pratyeka aya'ke sAtha diye hue ina mahAsena, hemasena, devasena, dharmakIrti, kanakakIrti, merukIrti Adi nAmoMse sApha mAlUma hotA hai ki ye saba kalpita yA managaDhanta haiM / isa tarahake sena-kIrtyanta nAma pichalI bhaTTAraka-paramparAmeM hI adhika rahe haiM, ye prAcIna nahIM haiM / isake sivAya isa maNDala-vidhAnake atirikta aura kisI bhI prAcIna granthameM gajapanthase mukti pAnevAle ukta muniyoMke nAma prApta nahIM hote haiM / __ bhaTTAraka kSemendrakIrtike pahalekI kisI bhI pustakameM vartamAna gajapaMthakA ullekha abhI taka dekhane meM nahIM AyA / isake pahalekA gajapaMthakA koI pUjana-pATha bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| vi0 saM0 1746 meM zrIzivavijayake ziSya zIlavijaya nAmake zvetAmbara sAdhune dakSiNa dezakI tIrthayAtrA kI thI jisakA varNana unhoMne apanI 'tIrthamAlA' meM kiyA hai| dakSiNa dezake prAyaH sabhI zvetAmbara-digambara tIrthokI yAtrAko ve gaye the aura unakA svayaM A~khoM dekhA varNana ukta pustakameM hai| zravaNa-belgola, mUDabidrI Adise lauTate hue ve kacanera, daulatAbAda, devagiri, 1-anantakIrti-granthamAlAmeM prakAzita 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' kI vistRta bhUmikAmeM isa TIkAkI prazasti dI gaI hai| 2 dekho zrIvijayadharmasUrisampAdita ' prAcIna tIrthamAlAsaMgraha ' prathama bhAga pRSTha 113.121 aura Ageke pRSThoMmeM hamArA -- dakSiNake tIrthakSetra' zIrSaka lekha /

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 199 elorA, ahamadanagara aura phira nAsika, tryambaka, tuGgIgirikA varNana karate haiM aura jo tIrtha digambara haiM unheM digambara hI likhate haiM / ve nAsika aura tuGgIgirikA varNana karake bhI gajapaMthakI koI carcA nahIM karate, taba yahI anumAna karanA par3atA hai ki kamase kama saM0 1746 taka to isa tIrthakA astitva yahA~ nahIM thaa| tuGgIgiri rAmo suggIva haNuu gavayagavakkho ya NIlamahAlo / NavaNavadIkoDIo tuMgIgiriNinvude vaMde // 8 // arthAt rAma, hanumAna, sugrIva, gavaya, gavAkSa, nIla, mahAnIla Adi ninyAnave koTi muni tuGgIgirise mokSa gaye / saMskRta nirvANa-bhaktimeM likhA hai 'tuMgyAM tu saMgarahito blbhdrnaamaa'| isameM tuGgIgirise kevala balabhadrake mukta honekA ullekha kiyA hai| __ vartamAna kSetra mAMgItuGgI gajapaMtha ( nAsika ) se lagabhaga assI mIlapara hai| vahA~ pAsa hI pAsa do parvata-zikhara haiM / unameMse ekakA nAma mA~gI aura dUsarekA tuGgI saMbhavataH isa kAraNa par3A hai ki tuGgI adhika U~cA ( tuGga ) hai aura dUsarA mA~gI usake pIche hai / marAThImeM 'mA~ge' kA artha pIche hotA hai| mA~gI-zikharakI guphAoMmeM koI sAr3he tIna sau pratimAyeM tathA caraNa haiM aura tuGgImeM lagabhaga tIsa / yahA~ eka vizeSatA yaha dekhI gaI ki aneka pratimAyeM sAdhuoMkI haiM jinake sAtha pIchI aura kamaNDalu bhI haiM aura pAsa hI zilAoMpara una sAdhuoM ke nAma bhI likhe hue haiM / mA~gIke eka zilAlekhameM vi0 saM0 1443 spaSTa par3hA jAtA hai / anya saba lekha isake pIcheke haiM / para mA~gI yA tuGgI nAma kisI bhI purAne lekhameM nahIM par3hA gyaa| ___ mA~gIgiri apekSAkRta adhika vistIrNa hai aura usameM mUrtiyA~ aura zilAlekha bhI bahuta hai; parantu usakA nAma nirvANa-kANDa yA atizayakSetra kANDa AdimeM kahIM nahIM milA / rAma-hanumAnakI tapasyAkA sUcaka koI cihna yA lekhAdi bhI usapara nahIM pAyA jAtA / hA~, donoM parvatoMke madhyameM eka sthAna batalAyA jAtA hai ki vahA~ balabhadrane kRSNakA dAha-saMskAra kiyA thaa| para yaha kathana nirvANakANDase

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200 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa viruddha jAtA hai / usake anusAra to yahA~ rAma ( balabhadra) kA mokSa-sthAna siddha hotA hai jaba ki yAdava balabhadra to gajapaMthase nirvANa prApta hue haiM / yadyapi yaha sthAna pA~ca sau varSase bhI adhika purAnA hai parantu ' tuGgIgiri' nAmase aura phira 'mA~gItuGgI' ke nAmase isakI prasiddhi kabase huI, yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai zIlavijayake samayameM saMvat 1746 meM yaha tuGgIgiri nAmase prasiddha thaa| bhaTTAraka vizvabhUSaNakI pUjAkA nAma yadi mAMgItuGgI-pUjana ho, to kahanA hogA ki saMvat 1722 ke lagabhaga ise mA~gItuGgI bhI kahane lage the| eka adbhuta bAta yaha hai ki paM0 AzAdhara apane triSaSTismRti-zAstrameM rAma, hanumAna AdikA mokSa-sthAna sammedazikhara mAnate haiN| isI taraha raviSeNAcArya apane padmacaritameM bhI hanumAnakA mokSa yA nirvANa sammedazikharase mAnate haiM / uttarapurANake anusAra bhI sugrIva, hanumAna Adi pA~ca sau rAjAoMke sAtha rAmacandrane sammedazikharase mokSa prApta kiyA hai / bambaIke 'ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavana ' meM eka guTakA hai usameM dvija vizvanAthakI eka racanA hai jisameM 13 chappaya chanda haiM, para usakA nAma kucha nahIM likhA / usameM giranAra, zatruJjaya, magasI-maMDana pArzvanAtha, antarIkSa, campApurI, pAvApurI, hastinApura, paiThana-munisuvrata, kuNDalagiri, pAlI-zAMtijina, gopAcala (gvAliyara) kA varNana karake antima terahaveM chappayameM isa prakAra likhA hai tuGgIgirike mAhiM sakala asurAsura jANe, zAstra sakala siddhAMta nAma balabhadra bakhAne / siddhA bahu muNirAja jAi sivavanitA pAmyA, roga-soga-saMtApa-kaSTa Apada sahu vAmyA // balabhadradevane pUjavA, sakala saMgha vaMdo blii| dvija vizvanAtha ima uccare, bhajo bhAva-mana-vaca kalI // 13 // 1-sAketametatsiddhArthavane zritvA balastapaH / zivaguptajinAsiddhaH sammede'NumadAdiyuk / / 80 // 2-nirdagdhamohanicayo jainendraM prApya puSkalaM jJAnanidhim / nirvANagirAvasidhacchrIzailaH zramaNasattamaH puruSaraviH // 45-parva 13

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 201 isameM bhI mA~gI-tuGgI nahIM kevala tuGgIgiri nAma hai| dvija vizvanAthakA ThIka samaya mAlUma nahIM ho sakA, para ve kisI arvAcIna bhaTTArakake hI ziSya the| zramaNagiri yA RSyadri aMgAnaMgakumArA vikkhApaMcaddhakoDirisisahiyA / suvaNNagirimatthayatthe NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM // 9 // arthAt zramaNagirike mastakase aMga-anaMgakumAra Adi sAr3he pA~ca karor3a vikhyAta muniyoMkA nirvANa huaa| zramaNagirike apabhraMza kramazaH zravana, savana, sona, sonAgiri ho jAte haiM, isalie sAdhAraNa samajha yaha ho gaI hai ki datiyA sTeTakA vartamAna sonAgiri hI zramaNagiri siddhakSetra hai / parantu isa viSayameM sandeha karanekI kAphI guMjAiza hai / nirvANa-bhaktikA navA~ padya isa prakAra hai droNImati pravarakuNDalamer3hake ca vaibhAraparvatatale varAseddhakUTe / RSyadrike ca vipulAdribalAhake ca vindhye ca podanapure vRSadIpake ca / / isake 'RSyadrike' kA artha TIkAkAra zrIprabhAcandrane 'zramaNagirau' kiyA hai| arthAt isake anusAra bhI zramaNagiri siddhakSetra hai| parantu vaibhAra, balAhaka, vipulAcalake sAtha ullekha honese yaha khayAla AtA hai ki kahIM yaha zramaNagiri bhI vaibhAra Adi pA~ca parvatoM se eka na ho| pAThaka jAnate haiM ki rAjagRhake pAsa pA~ca parvata haiM jinake nAma kramazaH vaibhAra, vipula, udaya, ratna aura zramaNagiri haiM / digambarajainIDarekTarImeM yahI pA~ca nAma diye hue haiM parantu kahIM kahIM zramaNagiriko suvarNagiri yA sonAgiri bhI likha diyA hai aura isakA kAraNa zramaNake apabhraMza-rUpakI aura suvarNake apabhraMzakI prAyaH samAnatA hai / zrIvijayasAgara sAdhukI saMvat 1664 meM likhI huI tIrthamAlAmeM suvarNagiri 1 'savaNAgirivarasihare ' bhI pATha milatA hai| 2 ai0 pa0 sa0 bhavanake eka guTake meM 'RSyadrike'ke sthAnapara 'rUpyAdrike' pATha diyA hai, jo bilkula adbhuta hai / zramaNa sonA banate-banate cA~dI bana gayA ! 3 dekho paM0 pannAlAlajI sonI-dvArA sampAdita 'kriyA-kalApa' pRSTha 226 /

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202 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa aura saMvat 1565 kI paM0 haMsasoma-racita 'pUrvadezIya caitya-paripATI' meM sovanagiri likhA huA hai| zrIyativRSabhakI 'tiloya-paNNatti' meM vipula, vaibhAra Adike sAtha RSizailakA ullekha hai surakheyaramaNaharaNe guNaNAme paMcaselaNayaramma (NiyaDammi ?) viulammi pavvadavare vIrajiNo ahakattAro / / 64 // caurasso puvvAe risiselo dAhiNAe vaibhaaro| NairididisAe viuo doNNi tikoNahidAyArA // 65 // SaTakhaMDAgamakI vIrasenasvAmikRta dhavalATIkAmeM bhI paMca-pahAr3iyoMkA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai paMcaselapure ramme viule pavvaduttame NANAdumasamAiNNe deva-dANava-vaMdide / mahAvIreNa attho kahiyo bhaviyaloyassa / / ukta ullekhake pazcAt ukta granthameM 'atropayoginau zloko' kahakara nimna likhita do prAcIna zloka aura bhI uddhRta kiye haiM jo ina pahAr3iyoMke nAmoM (RSigiri, vaibhAra, vipula, candra aura pANDu) ke sivAya unakI dizAoM aura AkArake sambandhameM bhI kucha prakAza DAlate haiN| ye hI zloka jayadhavalAmeM bhI Aye haiM - RSigiriraindrAzAyAM caturasro yAmyadizi ca vaibhaarH| vipulagirinaiRtyAmubhau trikoNau sthitau tatra / / dhanurAkArazcaMdro vAruNa-vAyavya-sAmadikSu tataH / vRttAkRtiraizAnyAM pANDuH sarve kuzAgravRttAH / / zrIjinasenakRta harivaMzapurANake tRtIya sargameM ina pahAr3iyoMkA ullekha isa prakAra huA hai RSipUrvo giristatra caturasraH sanirjharaH / diggajendra ivendrasya kakubhaM bhUSayatyalam / / 53 // 1 dekho zrIvijayadharmasUri-sampAdita 'prAcInatIrthamAlA-saMgraha' (prathama bhAga) pRSTha 9 aura 17 /

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 203 vaibhAro dakSiNAmAzAM trikoNAkRtirAzritaH / dakSiNAparadigmadhyaM vipulazca tadAkRtiH // 54 // sajyacApAkRtistisro dizo vyApya balAhakaH / zobhate pAMDuko vRttaH pUrvottaradigantere // 55 // isa ullekhameM candrake sthAnameM balAhaka likhA hai| vyAsakRta mahAbhAratameM bhI ina pA~ca parvatoMkA ullekha hai / parantu nAmoMmeM kucha antara par3a gayA hai-vaihAra ( vaibhAra ), barAha, vRSabha, RSigiri aura caityaka / inameMkA barAha aura nirmANabhAkta tathA harivaMzakA balAhaka ( barAhaka ) eka hI haiM aura RSigiri to zravaNagiri hai hii| bauddhoMke ' cUladukkhakkhandhasutta' ' meM rAjagRhake samIpakI RSigirikI kAlazilAkA varNana AyA hai jahA~ bahutase niggaMTha sAdhu tapasyAkI tIvra vedanA saha rahe the / ataeva bauddhoMke anusAra bhI rAjagRhake samIpa RSigiri thA jahA~ nirgrantha muni tapasyA karate the aura usIkA apara nAma zramaNagiri hai| ___ ina saba ullekhoMko dekhate hue aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki rAjagRhake samIpake pA~ca parvatoM se hI eka zramaNagiri honA cAhie, vartamAna sonAgiri nahIM / ___ vartamAna sonAgiri tIrtha bahuta prAcIna nahIM jAna pdd'taa| siddhakSetrake rUpameM to isakI prasiddhi bahuta Adhunika mAlUma hotI hai / isa samaya vahA~ 70 80 mandiroMkA samUha hai jinase sArA parvata DhaMka gayA hai / parantu do-cArako chor3akara zeSa saba sau-savA sau varSake bhItarake hI bane hue haiM / vahA~ prAcIna mUrtiyoMkA prAyaH abhAva hai aura zilpakalAkI dRSTise to zAyada eka bhI mUrti aisI nahIM hai jo kucha mahattva rakhatI ho / vahA~kA mukhya mandira zrIcandraprabha bhagavAnakA hai (anaMgakumArakA nhiiN)| usakA jIrNoddhAra vi0 saM0 1883 meM mathurAke seTha lakhamIcandajI dvArA huA thaa| usameM eka zilAlekha bhI lagA diyA gayA hai jo kisI jIrNa mandirake zilAlekhakA sArAMza batalAyA gayA hai / usakI nakala hama yahA~ dete haiM mandirasaha rAjata bhaye, caMdranAtha jinaIsa / pozasudI pUnama dinA, tIna-sataka-paiMtIsa // 1 dekho tripaTakAcArya zrIrAhula sAMkRtyAyanadvArA anuvAdita -- buddhacaryA ' pRSTha 230 /

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204 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa mUlasaMgha ara gaNa karo ( hyo ), balAtkAra samujhAya / zravaNasena aru dUsare, kanakasena dui bhAya // bIjaka akSara bA~cake, kiyo su nizcaya rAya / aura likhyo to bahuta sau so nahiM parayo lakhAya // dvAdaza sataka varUtarA, punyI jIvanasAra / pArasanAtha-caraNa taraiM tAsa vidI ( dhI) vicAra // isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki saMvat 335 pauSa sudI 15 kA ukta jIrNa zilAlekha thA aura usameM mUlasaMgha balAtkAragaNa ke zravaNasena - kanakasena, do bhAiyoM kA ullekha thA / parantu jaba taka ukta mUlalekha kI prApti na ho taba taka usake viSaya meM nizcayapUrvaka kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura yaha bAta to bilkula hI samajhameM nahIM AtI ki jIrNoddhAra karAnevAle ne itanI mahattvapUrNa vastuko surakSita kyoM nahIM rakkhA aura Akhira vaha zilAlekha gayA kahA~ ? naye lekhake sAtha vaha bhI to surakSita raha sakatA thA / mUla lekhameM jo mUlasaMgha aura balAtkAragaNakA ullekha batalAyA jAtA hai usase usake saMvat 335 ke hone meM pUrA sandeha hai / kyoMki vikramakI cauthI zatAbdI meM 1 balAtkAragaNakA astitva hI nahIM thA / isake sivAya cauthI zatAbdikI lipi itanI dupAThya hotI hai ki jIrNoddhAra karanevAloMke dvArA vaha par3hI hI nahIM jA sakatI thI / hamArA anumAna hai ki mUla lekha meM saMvat saM0 1335 hogA jo aspaSTatAke kAraNa yA TUTA hone ke kAraNa saM0 335 par3ha liyA gayA hai / aura vaha lekha pUrA nahIM par3hA gayA, ise to ukta sArAMza likhanevAlene svIkAra bhI kiyA hai / 2 terahavIM caudahavIM zatAbdi kI mUrtiyA~ aura mandira sonAgirike AsapAsa ke prAntameM aura bhI aneka mile haiM / ukta sArAMza meM hI pArzvanAtha ke pada-talake eka lekhakA samaya saM0 1212 diyA hai / zramaNasena aura kanakasena nAma pratiSThAkAraka muniyoMke mAlUma hote haiM / yaha jAnane kA koI sAdhana nahIM hai ki terahavIM zatAbdi meM isa sthAnako zramaNagiri kahate the yA nahIM aura jaba taka aisA koI ullekha nahIM mila jAtA taba taka isa kSetrakA zramaNagiri honA aura nirvANa kSetra honA saMzayAspada hI hai / yaha bAta bhI noTa karane lAyaka hai ki sonAgirike AsapAsa devagar3ha, khajarAhA, Adi sthAna bahuta prAcIna haiM aura devagar3ha meM to guptakAla taka ke lekha maujUda haiM /

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 205 zilpakalA bhI vahA~kI apUrva hai jaba ki sonAgirimeM yaha kucha bhI nahIM hai| prAcInatAkA eka bhI nidarzana vahA~ prApya nahIM / __ sonAgiri gopAcala ( gvAliyarake) ke bhaTTArakakA eka zAkhA-pITha hai jo gopAcala-pIThakI sthApanAke bAdakA hai| ataH isa zAkhA-pIThakI sthApanAke lagabhaga hI isa tIrthakI nIMva DAlI gaI hogii| revA-taTake tIrtha dahamuharAyassa suA koDI paMcaddhamuNivareM sahiyA / revAuhayammi tIre NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM // 10 // revANaie tIre pacchimabhAyammi siddhavarakUTe do cakkI daha kappe AhuTThayakoDiNivvude vaMde // 11 // revAtaDammi tIre saMbhavanAthassa kevaluppattI / AhuTThayakoDIo nivvANa gayA Namo tesi / / revA yA narmadA nadI amarakaMTakase lekara khaMbhAtakI khAr3I taka 1770 mIla lambI hai| jaba taka sthAnoMkA ThIka ThIka nirdeza na mile taba taka usake taTake tIrtha kahA~ kahA~ the isakA nizcaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / pahalI gAthAmeM revAke donoM kinAroMse sAr3he pA~ca koTi muniyoMkA nirvANa honA likhA hai jisameM dazamukha rAjA ( rAvaNa ) ke putra pradhAna the aura dUsarI gAthAmeM revAke pazcima ( yA dakSiNa ) bhAgake siddhavarakUTase do cakravartI aura daza kandarpa yA kAmadevoMkA siddha 1 kisI kisI pratimeM 'revAuhayataDagge' pATha hai| 2 * revAtaDammi tIre ' bhI pATha milatA hai| 3 zrIpannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavanake guTakemeM ' dakkhiNabhAyammi ' pATha hai / 4 yaha gAthA ukta sarasvatIbhavanake guTakemeM hai| kriyAkalApake sampAdakane bhI isako TippaNameM diyA haiN| 5 svargIya rAyabahAdura DA0 hIrAlAlajIne siddha kiyA thA ki rAvaNa jisa laMkAkA rAjA thA vaha sudUra dakSiNameM nahIM kintu amarakaMTaka (narmadAke udgamasthAna ) ke pAsa thii| isake lie unhoMne apane lekhoMmeM aneka pramANa diye haiM / narmadAke taTase rAvaNake putroMkA mokSa jAnA isa saMbhAvanAkA poSaka hai /

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206 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa honA batalAyA hai / isameM bhI sthAnakA nirdeza nahIM hai ki vaha kahA~ thA, sirpha sthAnakA nAma bhara diyA hai| kisI kisI pratimeM ( sabameM nahIM) revAtaTapara sambhavanAtha tIrthaGkarako kevala jJAnakI utpatti batalAI hai aura usake sAtha bhI sAr3he tIna koTi muniyoMkA nirvANa batalAyA hai| saMskRta nirvANa-bhaktimeM ina nirvANa-sthaloMkA jikra nahIM hai parantu cU~ki vindhyAcala revAke kinAre kinAre bahuta dUrataka calA gayA hai aura usameM 'vindhye' pada diyA hai, isalie inakA antarbhAva avazya ho sakatA hai| __ prArambhika gAthAmeM dazamukha rAjAke putroMke nAma nahIM haiM ki ve kauna kauna the / iMdrajIta aura kumbhakarNakA nirvANa to AgekI eka gAthAmeM 'cUlagiri ' se batalAyA gayA hai| dUsarI gAthAmeM nirdiSTa kiyA huA 'siddhavarakUTa' isa samaya bar3avAha ( indaura) se 6 mIlakI dUrIpara mAnA-pUjA jA rahA hai aura gajapanthake samAna isakI sthApanAkA itihAsa bhI bahuta purAnA nahIM hai / isake sraSTA aura vidhAtA bhI eka bhaTTArakajI the jinakA nAma maheMdrakIrti thA aura jo indaurakI gaddIke adhikArI the| unhoMne oMkArezvarake rAjIko prasanna karake usase jamIna prApta kI aura saMvat 1950 ke lagabhaga isa kSetrakI nIMva DAlI / usa samaya ajamerase nikalanevAle 'jainaprabhAkara' patrameM, jisake sampAdaka zAyada chogAlAlajI bilAlA the, yaha prakAzita huA thA ki narmadAkI dhArAke haTa jAnese oMkArezvarake pAsa purAne mandiroMke kucha avazeSa nikala Aye haiM aura yaha anumAna kiyA gayA hai ki yahIM nirvANa-kANDakA siddhavarakUTa thaa| sabase pahale indaurake seTha bhUrajI sUrajamala modIne mAgha sudI 15 saM0 1951 meM eka mandirakA jIrNoddhAra karAke usakI pratiSThA karAI / usake bAda anya do maMdiroMkA bhI jIrNoddhAra huA aura dharmazAlAyeM Adi banAI gii| maMdira avazya jIrNa-zIrNa the parantu jisa sthAnapara the vaha siddhavarakUTa hI hai, isakA aura koI puSTa pramANa nahIM hai| saMvat 1746 meM tIrthayAtrAko nikalanevAle zrIzIlavijayajIne apanI 1 yaha rAjA bhilAlA jAtikA hai aura isa vaMzakA adhikAra san 1135 se abataka oMkArezvarapara calA A rahA hai /

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 207 'tIrthamAlA' meM narmadAke pAsake tamAma jaina-ajaina tIrthokA varNana likhA hai / pahale zaivoMke mAndhAtAkA varNana karake, jo vartamAna siddhavarakUTase bahuta hI pAsa hai, ve khaMDavA aura burahAnapurakI tarapha cale jAte haiM, khaMDavAke digambara jainoMkA varNana bhI karate haiM parantu isa kSetrakA jikra taka nahIM krte| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya isa tIrthakA astitva na thaa| saMskRta nirvANa-bhaktimeM bhI isa tIrthakA nAma nahIM hai| cUlagiri vaDavANIvaraNayare dakkhiNabhAyammi cuulgirishre| iMdAjayakuMbhayaNNo NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM // 12 arthAt bar3avAnI nagarase dakSiNakI ora cUlagiri-zikharase indrajIta-kuMbhakarNAdi muni mokSa gye| vartamAnameM bar3avAnI nagara maU sTezanase lagabhaga 90 mIla hai aura eka choTI-sI riyAsatakI rAjadhAnI hai / di0 jaina DirekTarIke anusAra cUlagirimeM 22 mandira haiM / mandiroMke jIrNoddhArakA samaya vi0 saM0 1233, 1380 aura 1580 hai / pratiSThAcAryoMke nAma nandakIrti aura rAmacandra haiM / eka atyanta vizAla pratimAke kAraNa isa tIrthako 'bAvana-gajA' kahane lage haiN| di. jaina DirekTarImeM likhA hai ki 'bar3avAnI ' nAma purAnA nahIM hai / lagabhaga 400 varSa pahale isakA nAma siddhanagara thA; pIche kisI samaya bar3avAnI huA hogA / vahA~kI raMgArAkI bAvar3Ike eka lekhase aisA hI mAlUma hotA hai / parantu hamArI samajhameM bar3avAnI nAma cAra sau varSase to adhika purAnA hai, kyoMki nirvANa-kANDakI racanAkA ThIka samaya nizcita na honepara bhI vaha chaha-sAta sau varSase kama purAnA to ho hI nahIM sakatA hai| hA~, sambhava hai ki siddhanagara bar3avAnIke hI AsapAsa kahIM ho aura vahIM siddhavarakUTa bhI rahA ho| zrIraviSeNAcAryake padmacaritake 78 veM parvameM yaha to likhA hai ki indrajItameghanAda Adine laMkAmeM hI dIkSA lI thI parantu usameM nirvANa-sthAnakA ullekha nahIM hai / uttarapurANameM bhI indrajIta AdikA mokSa-sthAna nahIM batalAyA hai parantu sugrIva, hanumAna, bibhISaNa Adike sAtha rAmacandrakA nirvANa-sthala sammedazikhara likhA hai / yadi 'Adi' zabdase indrajIta AdikA bhI grahaNa kiyA jAya to phira unakA makti-sthAna sammedazikhara honA caahie|

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208 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa droNagiri phalahoDIvaragAme pacchimabhAyammi donngirisihre| gurudattAimuNiMdA NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM // 14 arthAt phalahor3I grAmake pazcima bhAgameM jo droNagiri-zikhara hai usaparase gurudattAdi muni mokSako gaye / / isa samaya bundelakhaNDakI bijAvara riyAsatake seMdapA gA~vake samIpakA parvata droNagiri siddhakSetra mAnA jAtA hai / saidapA grAmameM eka mandira aura droNagiripara 24 mandira haiM / mUlanAyaka AdinAthakI pratimA saMvat 1549 kI pratiSThA kI huI hai| zeSa mandira aura pratimAyeM Adhunika haiM / pAsameM koI phalahoDI nAmakA grAma nahIM hai aura na koI aisA prAcIna lekha hI hai jisameM droNagirikA ullekha ho / zvetAmbara-sampradAyakA eka prasiddha tIrtha jodhapura riyAsatameM mer3atAke pAsa phalahor3I yA phalodhI nAmakA hai jisakA varNana zrIjinaprabhasUrike vividha tIrthakalpameM (vi0 1364-89) isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai-" atthi savAlakkhadese meDatayanagarasamIvaThio vIrabhavaNAinANAvihadevAlayAhirAmo phalabaddhInAmagAme tattha phalavaddhinAmAdhijAe devIe bhavaNamuttuMgasiharaM ciDhai / " sandeha hotA hai ki kahIM ukta phalodhI hI kisI samaya digambara-tIrtha na rahA ho / meDhagiri aJcalapuravaraNayare IsANe bhAe meDhagirisihare / AhuThThayakoDIo NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM // 16 arthAt acalapura nagarake IzAna bhAgameM meDhagiri-zikharase sAr3he tIna karor3a muniyoMkA mokSa huaa| meDhagiri medhyagirikA apabhraMza mAlUma hotA hai / medhya zabdakA artha pavitra hai / bauddhadharmake ' upAlisutta' ( buddhacaryA pRSTha 449 ) meM daNDakAraNya, kaliMgAraNya, medhyAraNya aura mAtaMgAraNyakA ullekha AyA hai| Azcarya nahIM jo medhyAraNya aura meDhAMgari eka hI hoN| 1 zrIpannAlAla-sarasvatI-bhavanake guTakemeM yaha gAthA nahIM hai /

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 209 saMskRta nirvANa-bhaktimeM 'pravarakuNDalamer3hake ca' pATha hai aura usakI TIkAmeM zrIprabhAcandrAcAryane khulAsA kiyA hai 'pravarakuNDale pravaramer3hake ca / ' isa samaya barAr3a ke elacapurase 12 mIlapara jo 'muktAgiri' hai, vahI siddhakSetra meDhagiri batalAyA jAtA hai| parantu yaha samajhameM nahIM AtA ki meDhagirikA muktAgiri nAma kaise ho gayA / na to ina donoM nAmoMmeM koI uccAraNa-sAmya hai aura na artha-sAmya / rA0 ba0 DAkTara hIrAlAlake 'lisTa Apha iMskripzansa ina sI0 pI0 eNDa barAra' meM muktAgirike lekhoMkA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki vahA~ 48 mandira haiM jinameM koI 85 mUrtiyA~ haiM / unameMse anekoMpara saMvat haiM jinase ve san 1488 (saM0 1545 ) se lagAkara 1893 (saM0 1950 ) takakI siddha hotI haiM / amarAvatIse kharapI nAmaka gA~va taka pakkI sar3aka gaI hai aura vahA~se lagabhaga tIna mIla muktAgiri hai / isa kharapI gA~vameM kAraMjAke bhaTTAraka padmanandikI samAdhi hai jinakA samaya vi0 saM0 1876 hai / di0 jaina DirekTarIke anusAra kAraMjAkI gaddIpara, jo mAnyakheTakI gaddIkI zAkhA thI, 36 bhaTTAraka ho cuke haiN| saMvat 1500 ke lagabhaga yaha gaddI sthApita huI thii| muktAgirike prApta lekhoMmeM koI bhI vi0 saM0 1540 ke pahalekA nahIM hai| sambhava hai, kAraMjAmeM paTTa sthApita honeke bAda hI isa kSetrakI prasiddhi kI gaI ho aura acalapura (elacapura) ke IzAnakoNameM isa sthAnakI sthiti honese hI nirvANakANDake anusAra ise medagiri samajha liyA gayA ho / acalApura yA acalapura elacapura hI hai, isakA sabase puSTa pramANa yaha hai ki AcArya hemacandrako apane prAkRta-vyAkaraNameM isa varNa-vyatyayake lie eka sUtrakI hI racanA karanA par3I hai-'acalapure caloH ' acalapure cakAra-lakArayorvyatyayo bhavati alacapuraM // 2, 118 / hemacandrake samayameM jo alacapura kahA jAtA thA, vahI aba elacapura kahA jAne lagA hai| ___ DA0 hIrAlAlake kathanAnusAra tIvarakher3ameM eka tAmra-paTa milA hai jo acalapurameM likhA gayA thaa| usameM rASTrakUTa rAjAoMkA ullekha hai aura vaha zaka saMvat 553 ( vi0 saM0 688 ) kA hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki bahuta prAcInakAlase elacapura acalapura nAmase vikhyAta hai|

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janasAhitya aura itihAsa kunthu-giri vaMsatthalavaraNayare pacchima bhAyammi kuMthugirisihare / kuladesabhUsaNamuNI NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM // 17 // arthAt vaMzasthalapurake pAsa pazcimakI orake kuMthugirike zikharase kulabhUSaNa aura dezabhUSaNa munikA nirvANa huaa| nirvANa-bhaktimeM isakA nAma nahIM AyA hai / 'vaMsatthalammi Nayare' aura 'vaMsasthalavara-niyaDe ' do pATha milate haiM parantu hamArI samajhameM 'vaMsatthalauraNiyaDe ( vaMzasthalapuranikaTe) pATha honA cAhie / zrIraviSeNAcAryake padmacarita ( parva 40 ) meM vahA~ke rAjAko vaMzasthalapureza kahA hai aura usa sthAnako vaMzasthala' / vaMzasthalake pAsa bAsoMkA ghanA jaMgala thA jisakA nAma vaMzadhara tho / isI vaMzagiripara rAmacandrane jinendrake sahasroM caitya banavAye / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki vaMzasthalapurake samIpa vaMzagiripara caitya aura caityAlaya bane the aura vahIMpara kulabhUSaNa-dezabhUSaNakA mokSa huA thaa| aisI dazAmeM vaMzagiri hI kunthugiri hogA / yadyapi padmapurANameM use kunthugiri kahIM nahIM kahA hai / padmacaritameM Age calakara cAlIsaveM parvameM likhA hai ki rAmake dvArA caitya 1--vaMzasthalapurezazca mahAcittaH suraprabhaH / salakSmaNaM sapatnIkaM padmanAbhamapUjayat // 2 // 2-nAnAjanopabhogyeSu dezeSu nihitekSaNau / dhArau krameNa samprAptau puraM vaMzasthaladyutiM // 9 // -apazyatAM ca tasyAnte vaMzajAlAtisaMkaTaM / nagaM vaMzadharAbhikhyaM bhitveyaM bhuvamudgataM // 11 // chAyayA tuGgazRGgANAM yaH sandhyAmiva saMtataM / dadhAti nirjharANAM ca hasatIva ca zIkaraiH // 12 / / tatra vaMzagirau rAja ( jJA ? ) rAmeNa jagadindunA nirmApitAni caityAni jinazAnA sahasrazaH // 27 //

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 211 bananese isa tuGga parvatakA nAma rAmagiri prasiddha huA hai'| vaMzasthalapurameM rahate rahate Uba jAnese rAmacandra lakSmaNase Age kahIM sthAna banAkara rahaneko kahate haiM / isa prasaMgameM kahA hai ki karNaravA nadIke Age sunate haiM ki romAMcita karanevAlA daNDakAraNya hai jo bhUmigocariyoMke lie durgama hai| rAmagirise cala kara dakSiNAMbhAdhi dekhA aura jAnakIke kAraNa kosa-kosa calakara donoM bhAI karNaravA nadIpara pahu~ce / isa saba varNanase kunthugiri isa samaya jahA~ mAnA jAtA hai vahA~ nahIM honA cAhie / kyoMki vartamAna kunthugirike Age daNDakAraNya nahIM ho sktaa| padmapurANake ukta rAmagirikA varNana harivaMzapurANameM bhI hai ki vahA~ kucha dina ArAmase rahakara ve puruSazreSTha ( pAMDava) kauzala dezameM pahu~ce aura vahA~ bhI kucha mahIne raha kara rAmagiri gaye jo pUrvakAlameM rAmalakSmaNa-dvArA sevita thA aura jahA~ parvatapara rAmacandrane saikar3oM caityAlaya banavAye the| ___ yaha kauzala dakSiNa kauzala yA mahAkauzala hogA jo godAvarI aura mahAnadIke bIca pUrvakI ora hai / Adhunika chattIsagar3ha mahAkauzalameM hI hai / rAmacandra bhI citrakUTase cala kara isI mahAkauzalameM Aye hoMge / isake Age hI daMDakAraNya zurU hotA hai| cInI yAtrI huenatsAMga kaliMgakI rAjadhAnIse tIna sau mIla cala kara kauzala rAjameM pahuMcA thaa| usane isa rAjyakA gherA eka hajAra mIla batAyA hai| 1--rAmeNa yasmAtparamANi tasmin jainAni vezmAni vidhApitAni / nirnaSTavaMzAdrivacaH sa tasmAdraviprabho rAmagiriH prasiddhaH // 45 // 2-~-nadyAH karNaravAyAstu parato romaharSaNaM / zrUyate daNDakAraNyaM durgamaM kSiticAribhiH // 40 // -vizramya tatra te saumyA dinAni katicitsukhaM / yAtAH krameNa punnAgaviSayaM kauzalAbhiSaM // 17 // sthitvA tatrApi saukhyena mAsAnkatipayAnapi / prAptA rAmagiri prAgyo rAmalakSmaNasevitaH // 18 // caityAlayA jinendrANAM yatra cndraarkbhaasuraaH| kAritA rAmadevena saMbhAti zatazo girau // 19 // sarga 46 //

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa isake uttarameM ujjaina, pazcima meM mahArASTra, dakSiNa meM Andhra aura kaliMga aura pUrva meM ur3IsA thA | arthAt tApI nadI-taTake burahAnapura, godAvarIke nAMdeDa, chattIsagar3ha ke ratanapura aura mahAnadI ke udgamasthAna navagar3ha taka isa dezakI sImA rahI hogI / hamAre anumAnase kAlidAsa ke meghadUtakA rAmagiri hI yaha rAmagiri hogA / isake Age daNDakAraNyakA honA ThIka jAna par3atA hai / karNaravA nadI zAyada mahAnadI ho / 212 rAmagiri mAnA jAtA chattIsagar3ha ke saragujA sTeTakA rAmagar3ha hI kAlidAsakA hai / yaha lakSmaNapura gA~vase 12 mIla hai / isa TekarIpara kaI guphAyeM haiM aura bar3e bar3e pattharoMse banAye hue mandiroMke avazeSa haiM / eka guphA meM dohajAra varSa pahale ke prAcIna citra bhI haiM / zrI ugrAdityAcAryane apanA isI rAmagiripara racA thA - 8 kalyANakAraka nAmaka vaidyaka-grantha bhI zAyada , veMgIzatrikaliMgadezajanana prastutya sAnUtkaTaH prodyadvRkSalatAvitAnanirataiH siddhaizva vidyAdharaiH / sarve maMdira kaMdaropamaguhAcaityAlayAlaMkRte ramye rAmagirAvidaM viracitaM zAstraM hitaM prANinAm // isameM rAmagirike lie jo vizeSaNa diye haiM, guhA-mandiroM aura caityAlayoM kI jo bAta kahI hai, vaha bhI isa rAmagirike viSaya meM ThIka jAna par3atI hai / ugrAdivyake samaya bhI vaha siddha aura vidyAdharoMse sevita eka tIrtha jaisA hI ginA jAtA thA / isa saba bAtoMke prakAzameM hama isa nirNayapara pahu~cate haiM ki kulabhUSaNa dezabhUSaNa munikA mokSasthAna yA to yahI rAmagar3ha hai yA usake AsapAsa kahIM mahAkauzala meM hI hogA / isa samaya kuMthalagiri nijAma-sTaTameM hai aura bAsIM TAUna relve sTezana se lagabhaga 21 mIla dUra hai / vahA~ para muniyoM ke caraNa - mandira ke sahita dasa mandira haiM / digambara jaina - DirekTarI ke anusAra ye dasoM maMdira vi0 saM0 1931 ke bAda ke bane hue haiM / dezabhUSaNa - kulabhUSaNa ke maMdirake viSaya meM likhA hai ki isa prAcIna maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra IDarake bhaTTAraka kanakakIrtine saM0 1932 meM karAyA thA / prAcIna maMdirake yA mUla nAyakakI pratimAke lekhAdikA koI ullekha nahIM hai /

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 213 koTi-zilA jasahararAyassa suA paMcasayAI kaliMgadesammi / koDisilAe koDimuNI NivANa gayA Namo tesi|| arthAt yazodhara rAjAke pA~ca sau putra aura dUsare eka karor3a muni koTizilAparase mukta hue / yaha koTi zilA tIrtha kaliMga dezameM hai / paraMtu jinaprabhasUrine apane vividhatIrthakalpameM use magadha dezameM batalAyA hai aura pUrvAcAryoMkI kucha gAthAyeM bhI uddhRta kI hai jinameMse ekameM kahA hai ki eka yojana vistAravAlI koTizilA hai aura vaha dazArNa parvatake samIpa hai / vahA~ chaha tIrthakaroMke tIrthoM meM aneka karor3a muni siddha hue haiM / eka aura uddhRta gAthAmeM kahA hai ki ukta zilAko vAsudeva (kRSNa) ne kisI taraha jAnu taka uThAI / isake pahaleke nArAyaNoMne use chatrake samAna bilkula Upara taka, sira taka, chAtI taka, gardana taka, hRdaya taka, kaTi taka, Uru taka aura jAnu taka uThAI thii| __ harivaMzapurANake 53 veM sargameM bhI koTi-zilAke uThAnekA varNana hai aura usaka vistAra eka yojana lambA aura eka yojana caur3A batalAyA hai| pahale tripRSTa nArAyaNane bA~hoMse uThAkara Upara pheMka dI thI, dvipRSThane mUrddhA taka, svayaMbhuvane kaNTha taka, puruSottamane chAtI taka, puruSasiMhane hRdaya taka, puNDarIkane kaTi taka, dattakane jaMghA taka, lakSmaNane ghuTanoM taka aura aba antima nArAyaNa kRSNane cAra aMgula uThAI / padmapurANake ar3atAlIsaveM parvameM bhI koTi-zilAkA aura usakA lakSmaNadvArA uThAye jAnekA varNana hai| parantu ina donoM hI granthoM meM vaha kahA~ thI isakA koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai / tIrthakalpake kartA use magadhameM batalAte haiM parantu pUrvAcAryoMkI jina gAthAoMko 1--iha bharatakhittamajjhe titthaM magahAsu atthi koDisilA / aja vi je pUijai cAraNa-sura-asura-jakhehiM // 2 // -koTizilAkara 2-joaNapihulAyAmA dasannapavvayasamIvi koDisilA / jiNachakkatitthasiddhA tattha aNogAu muNikoDI / / 15 // 3-chatte sirammi gIvAvacche uare kaDAi jarUsu / jANU kahamavi jANU NIyA sa vAsudeveNa // 18 //

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214 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa ve uddhRta karate haiM unameM dazArNa parvatake samIpa batalAyA hai| dazArNa mAlavekA hI eka bhAga thA jisameMse dazArNa yA dhasAna nadI bahatI hai aura jisakI rAjadhAnI vidizA yA bhilasA thii| kAlidAsane meghadUtameM meghako uttarakI ora jAnekA mArga batalAte hue kahA hai ki narmadA aura vindhyake usa ora dazArNa deza milegA jisakI rAjadhAnI vetravatI (betavA) ke kinAre vidizA hai| abhI taka dazArNa deza aura dazArNa nadIke ullekha bahuta mile haiM parantu dazArNa parvatakA nahIM milA / sambhava hai, dazArNa nadI jisa parvatase nikalatI hai usIkA nAma dazArNa parvata ho| nirvANa-kANDameM koTi-zilA kaliMga dezameM batalAI hai / kaliMga aura magadhakA sAmaMjasya isa tarahase ho sakatA hai ki usa samaya (azokake bAda) kaliMga magadhake adhikArameM honeke kAraNa magadhameM hI ginA jAtA hogaa| ___ mahAnadI, godAvarI aura pUrvIghATa tathA samudra ke bIcake pradezakA nAma kaliMga thA / yaha ur3IsAke dakSiNameM thaa| bauddhoMke 'cUla-dukkhakkhandha sutta' meM rAjagRhake samIpa RSigirikI kAla-zilAkA varNana AtA hai jahA~ bahutase nirgrantha sAdhu tapasyAkI tIvra kaTu-vedanA sahana kara rahe the / sambhava hai, tIvra vedanAke kAraNa bauddhoMne koTi-zilAko hI kAla-zilA kaha diyA ho aura yadi yaha ThIka ho to jinaprabhasUrikA magadhameM koTi-zilA tIrthakA batalAnA ThIka ho sakatA hai| brahmacArI zItala prasAdajI gaMjAma jileke mAlatI parvatako koTizilA batalAte haiM, parantu isake lie koI vizeSa AdhAra unake pAsa nahIM hai / gaMjAma (madrAsa) kaliMgameM nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yaha Azcarya hai ki digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoMdvArA isa samaya kisI bhI sthAnameM yaha siddhakSetra nahIM mAnA jAtA aura bilkula hI bhulA diyA gayA hai| rosindI-giri pAsassa samavasaraNe sahiyA varadatta muNivarA paMca / risside girisihare NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM // 1 dekho 'buddhacaryA' pR0 230 / 2 'madrAsa va maisUra prAntake prAcIna jaina-smAraka ' pRSTha 10-13 /

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 215 arthAt pArzvanAthake samavasaraNameM varadattAdi pA~ca muniyoMkA mokSa huaa| parantu resindIgiri kahA~ thA, isakA koI nirdeza nahIM hai| uttarapurANa, pArzvanAtha-carita Adi digambara kathA-granthoM meM to pArzvanAthake samavasaraNakA rosindIgirimeM honekA koI ullekha nahIM hai aura na varadattAdi muniyoMke mokSa jAnekA / paM0 pannAlAlajI sonIdvArA sampAdita kriyAkalApameM isa gAthAkI pahalI paMkti 'pAsassa samavasaraNe gurudattavaradattapaMcarisipamuhA' isa prakAra dI hai-parantu yaha pATha saMzayAspada hai / kyoMki isake pahale gurudattAdikA mokSasthala droNagiri batalAyA jA cukA hai| sAtha hI yaha prazna bhI uThatA hai ki yoM to varadattakA mokSasthAna bhI 'tAraura' meM kaha diyA gayA hai| saMbhava hai eka hI nAmake do munirAja rahe ho| ukta gAthAkI dUsarI pakti kriyA-kalApake pAThameM 'girisiMde girirAsihare NivvANa gayA Namo tesiM' isa taraha hai-arthAt girIzendrake zikharase / bambaIke guTakemeM bhI yahI pATha diyA hai / yadyapi atyanta pracalita pATha 'rissiMde' hI hai| phira bhI yadi yaha ThIka ho to yaha himAlayakA paryAyavAcI ho sakatA hai / saMskRta nirvANabhaktimeM 'sahyAcale ca himavatyApa supratiSThe' kahakara himavat parvatako mokSasthAna mAnA hai| aba 'zissande' pATa para vicAra karanA cAhie / saMbhavataH zuddha pATha 'rissaddi' hogA jo 'RSyadri'kA prAkRta-rUpa hai / parantu ise zramaNagirikA paryAyavAcI kahanA kaThina hai| isa samaya nainAgira kSetrako rosandIgiri batalAyA jAtA hai / yaha sthAna madhyapradezake sAgara jilekI IzAna sImAke pAsa pannA riyAsatameM hai| nainAgiri resindIgiri kaise bana gayA, yaha samajhameM nahIM AtA / digambara jaina DiraikTarIke anusAra parvatapara 26 aura taleTImeM 6 mandira haiM / parvatapara mukhya mandira zreyAnsanAthakA hai, jo saMvat 1708 kA banA batalAyA gayA hai aura usakA jIrNoddhAra saMvat 1921 meM huA hai / zeSa saba mandira 1842 ke bAdake bane hue haiM / ina mandiroMmeM yA bAhara koI aisA purAnA lekha nahIM hai jisase isake resindIgiri honekI puSTi hotI ho-vahA~kI sabhI racanA-- sabhI sRSTi pichale sau Der3ha sau varSoMkI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsajIne nirvANakANDakA saMvat 1741 meM bhASAnuvAda kiyA

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216 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa thA | usameM unnIsavIM gAthAkA anuvAda isa prakAra haiCC samavasarana zrIpAsa jinaMda, resandIgiri nainAnaMda / " so kahIM isa resindIgirike vizeSaNa 'nainAnanda' ke kAraNa hI to nainAgira resandIgiri nahIM banA diyA gayA hai / pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki nirvANa-bhaktikI TIkAmeM 'RSyadri' kA artha ' zramaNaNiri ' kiyA hai aura zramaNagiri paJca parvatoM meM se eka hai, taba phira yaha Rdri aura kauna-sA hai ? isakA uttara cAhe jo ho, parantu nainAgira to vaha nahIM hai, yaha prAyaH nizcita hai / isa lekhameM pAThakoMne dekhA hogA ki nirvANakANDa meM jina sthAnoMse jina jina muniyoMkA mokSa jAnA likhA hai, dUsare granthoM meM kahIM-kahIM vaha nahIM likhA yA viruddha likhA hai / isa viSaya meM yaha sUcita kara denA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai ki bahuta pahale se hI granthakarttA AcAryoM meM kathA-sambandhI mata-bheda rahA hai / udAharaNa ke taurapara padmapurANakA rAmacarita aura uttarapurANakA rAmacarita upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai | harivaMzake nemicarita aura uttarapurANa ke nemicarita meM bhI antara hai / aisI dazA meM nirvANa-kANDake viSaya meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki usake karttA ukta do paramparAoMmeM se kisI eka ke mAnanevAle hoMge aura yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki ukta doke sivAya aura bhI koI paramparA rahI ho jisakA anusaraNa unhoMne kiyA ho / pariziSTa ( 1 ) isa lekhako samApta kara cukane ke bAda bambaIke ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavanameM hameM ' tIrthAcena candrikA' nAmakA grantha prApta huA / yaha ' zrIvAdimattamAtaMga - mardana- jinavANIvilAsinI- bhujaMgama-nAyaka kavikula- tilaka guNabhadrAcArya 'kA banAyA huA hai aura saMskRta vRttoMmeM hai | isameM tIna ucchvAsa aura 173 padya haiM / pahale ucchvAsameM vipulAcalapara upasthita hokara rAjA zreNikakA tIrthoMke sambandha meM prazna karanekA varNana hai, dUsaremeM tIrthoMkA aura tIsare meM tIrthArcA ke mAhAtmyakA | dUsare ucchvAsa meM tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha janma, dIkSA, tapa aura nirvANa kalyANake sthAnoMke nAma-nirdeza bhara haiM aura koI bAta aisI nahIM hai jisase ve sthAna kahA~ the, isakA koI patA laga sake /

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 217 dUsare ucchvAsameM nirvANa-bhaktikA anusaraNa karate hue nirvANa-kSetra isa prakAra batalAye haiM sammedazikharaM zatrujayo gajapathastathA / tuMgIgiridroNagirihimavatsahyaparvatau // 52 // RSyadriko bindhyagiripAnA (?) podanapattane / vipulAdrizcUlagiriH girisaddhAdrikUTakam // 53 / / pRthusAro meTUkAkhyo giriH svarNagiristathA / UrjayantastAravaraM kailAso vRSadIpakam // 54 // vaibhAraparvatazcampApurI daNDAtmakastathA / mokSatIrthAnyamUnyatra jinAnAmAtmayoginAm / / 55 // granthakarttAne na to koI racanA-samaya diyA hai aura na apanI guruparamparAdikA hI ullekha kiyA hai / granthakI pratilipi paM0 zaMkaralAla caubene vi0 saM0 1985 meM kI hai, parantu jisa pratise kI hai vaha kabakI likhI huI hai isakA koI nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai / isalie graMthakartAkA samaya ajJAta hI raha jAtA hai / isameM eka bar3e majekI bAta dekhii| dUsare ucchvAsameM bhagavAn rAjA zreNikako lakSya kara unake tIrthasambandhI praznakA uttara dete-dete eka jagaha kaha baiThate haiM ityAdIni ca kaivalya-jJAnakalyANasaMzrayAH / athottarapurANe'nyanmadukte pazya vistaraM // 50 // aMtaH paraM narAdhIza viddhi nirvANa-saMzrayAn / yAnadhiSThAya jinapAH muktilakSmIsvayaMvRtAH // 51 // arthAt he rAjan , ityAdi ( Upara kahe hue ) tIrtha jJAnakalyANake haiM / inake sivAya anya jo haiM unheM mere kahe hue uttarapurANameM vistArase dekha lenA ! bhagavAn zAyada yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki uttarapurANa mujhase lagabhaga Der3ha hajAra varSa bAda racA jAnevAlA hai ! graMthakartA bhI zAyada isa dhunameM racanA-prasaMga bhUla baiThe haiM ki unheM zraddhAlu pAThakoMpara yaha prabhAva DAlanA hai ki maiM vahI guNabhadra hU~ jo uttarapurANake kartA haiM / parantu granthakI bilkula tIsare darjekI racanA spaSTa batalA rahI hai ki bhagavajinasenake ziSya guNabhadrAcAryakI racanAke guNoMkI usameM gandha bhI nahIM hai / aura yaha 'aSTAdazabhASAvAravilAsinI-bhujaMga'ke anukaraNapara apane Apa pasanda kara liyA gayA aura apane nAmake sAtha jor3A huA TAiTala

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218 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 'jinavANIvilAsinIbhujaMgama' to bahuta hI bhaddA hai / jinavANIko vilAsinI batalAkara usakA jAra bananA bar3I bhArI dhRSTatA hai| (2) isa lekhake prakAzita honepara zrIyuta agaracandajI nAhaTAkA jainAsaddhAnta-bhAskara ( bhAga 6 kiraNa 3 ) meM eka lekha prakAzita huA ki ' kyA pAvAgar3ha digambara tIrtha hai ?' usa lekhameM unhoMne jo kucha likhA usakA sArAMza yaha hai 1 dholakAke mahArAjA vIradhavalakI AjJAse tejapAla maMtrIne godharAke rAjA ghUghulapara AkramaNa kiyA / vijaya-prApti ke bAda dholakA lauTate hue unhoMne pAvakagirikI naisargika zobhA dekhakara vicAra kiyA ki isa parvatako jainamandirase alaMkRta kara tIrtharUpa banA dU~ aura taba unhoMne vahA~ AzcaryakArI ' sarvatobhadra' nAmaka arhatprAsAda banavA diyA / ina maMtrIjIke astitvakA abhItaka patA nahIM lagA hai| paM0 lAlacandajIne 'gujarAtanA vIramantrI tejapAlano vijaya' nAmaka pustakameM likhA hai ki ukta mandirakI mUrtiyoMko kucha zvetAmbara jaina kAraNavaza kucha varSa pahale vahA~se uThA lAye aura ve bar3odAke 'dAdA pArzvanAtha' ke mandirameM sthApita kara dI gii| isake bAda pAvAgar3hake ukta zvetAmbara mandirako digambariyoMne apane adhikArameM le liyaa| 3 terahavIM, pandrahavIM, solahavIM aura aThArahavIM sadIke kaI ullekha aise haiM jinase mAlUma hotA hai ki zvetAmbara sampradAyameM pAvakagar3hakI bahuta mahimA rahI hai aura vaha zatrujayake jor3akA tIrtha samajhA jAtA thA / 4 ' hamAre tArthakSetra' zIrSaka lekhake anusAra yahA~ sabase prAcIna digambara pratimA saM0 1642 kI hai| kisI pramANase isakA siddhakSetra honA prakaTa nahIM hotaa| ataH isakI digambara tIrtharUpameM sthApanA arvAcIna hI pratIta hotI hai| aba nAhaTAjIke ukta lekhapara ' merA nivedana' yaha haibhAI nAhaTAjIke hama kRtajJa haiM / unhoMne apanA uparyukta lekha paM0 lAlacanda gA~dhIkI likhI huI 'gujarAtanA vIramantrI tejapAlano vijaya' nAmaka jisa gujarAtI pustakake AdhArase likhI hai usako bhI ma~gAkara hamane pddh'aa| usameM isa prakArake bIsoM puSTa pramANa diye gaye haiM, jinase yaha bAta acchI taraha siddha ho jAtI hai ki kamase kama vikramakI terahavIM zatAbdIke bAdase pandrahavIM zatAbdItaka

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 219 zvetAmbara-sampradAyameM pAvakagar3ha bahuta hI prakhyAta rahA hai aura usapara samaya-samayapara aneka jainamandira banate rahe haiM / usa samayake bahutase logoMkI dRSTimeM to vaha pAlItAnA yA zatrujayakI jor3akA tIrtha rahA hai / suprasiddha jaina maMtrI tejapAlakA samaya vi0 saM0 1276 se 1304 taka mAnA jAtA hai / zAyada unhoMne sabase pahale pAvakagar3hapara 'sarvatobhadra' nAmaka vizAla jaina mandira banavAyA aura tabhIse zvetAmbara-sampradAyameM vaha tIrtharUpase prakhyAta huaa| isake pahale bhI vaha zvetAmbara tIrtha thA, isa prakArakA koI prAmANika ullekha abhI taka hamAra dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| __ hamane apane lekhameM yahI likhA hai ki vahA~ke pratimA-lekhoMse athavA aura kisI prAcIna lekhase pAvAgar3hakA siddhakSetra honA prakaTa nahIM hotA / parantu usakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki zvetAmbara-sampradAyake samAna digambara-sampradAyavAle ise pahale pajya sthAna nahIM mAnate the yA unake prAcIna mAndara vahA~ na the| ___ vahA~ke digambara-mandiroMmeM vi0 saM0 1642 se 1669 takakI pratiSThita pratimAyeM to haiM hI, sAtha hI di0 jaina DiraikTarIke anusAra pA~caveM phATaka ke bAdakI eka bhItapara jo pratimA utkIrNa hai vaha vi0 saM0 1134 kI hai / isase kyA yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vahA~para bahuta pahalese digambara jaina mandira the ? paM0 lAlacandajI bar3audemeM rahate haiM / pAvAgar3ha vahA~se samIpa hai / parantu jAna par3atA hai unhoMne svayaM vahA~ jAkara koI jA~ca-par3atAla nahIM kI aura anumAnase hI unhoMne apanA nirNaya de diyA hai / __ aise aneka sthAna aura tIrtha haiM jahA~ donoM sampradAyoMke mandira saikar3oM-hajAroM varSoMse cale Aye haiM / taba yaha kyoM na mAnA jAya ki pAvAgar3hameM digambara mandira bhI pahale the ? maMtrivara tejapAlakA samaya aisA nahIM thA ki digambara-zvetAmbara eka sthAnapara prema-bhAvase na raha sakate hoM / usake pahale aura bAdameM bhI gujarAtameM digambara sampradAya rahA hai aura unake dharmasthAna rahe haiM, isake saikar3oM pramANa diye jA sakate haiN| __pAvAgar3hase lagabhaga 42 mIla uttarakI ora godharA nAmakA nagara hai / pUrva kAlameM yaha sthAna vizAla aura samRddha thA / vahA~ cAlukyanareza kRSNake rAjya-kAlameM mAthurasaMghake AcArya amarakIrtine vi0 saM0 1274 meM 'chakkammovaesa ' (SaTkarmopadeza) nAmaka apabhraMza granthakI racanA kI thii| isa granthameM vahA~ke RSabha-jinezake vizAla jainamandirakA ullekha hai

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220 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa risaho jiNesahA tahi ceIharu, tuMgu sahAsohiu NaM sasaharu / daMsaNeNa jasu duriu vilijai, puSNaheu jaM jaNi maNijai // arthAt vahA~ RSabha-jinezakA U~cA, sabhAse zobhita aura candramA jaisA 'caityagRha ' thA jisake darzanase pApa vilIyamAna ho jAte haiM aura jise loga puNyakA hetu mAnate haiM / godharA ke jisa rAjA ghUghulako tejapAla maMtrIne parAjita kiyA thA vaha sambhavataH amarakIrtilikhita cAlukya kRSNarAjakA hI uttarAdhikArI thA / isa vijaya ke bAda hI tejapAla ne godharA meM ajitanAthakA mandira nirmANa karAyA thA aura phira usake bAda pAvAgar3ha jAkara sarvatobhadra / jisa samaya maMtrI tejapAlane godharA meM zvetAmbaramandira nirmANa karAyA usa samaya jisa taraha vahA~ RSabha jinezakA digambara- mandira maujUda thA usI taraha kyA yaha asambhava hai ki pAvAgar3ha meM bhI sarvatobhadra jinAlaya - ke pahale koI digambara- mandira rahA ho ? khAsakarake pA~caveM phATakake bAdakI usa bhIta meM utkIrNa saM0 1134 kI pratimAkA khayAla rakhate hue / jaba pAvAgar3ha kI talaiTIkA vizAla nagara cA~pAnera barabAda ho gayA, aneka rAjanItika uthala-puthala honeke kAraNa jaba vahA~ koI na rahA, taba yaha svAbhAvika hai ki vahA~ke mandira khaNDaharoM meM pariNata ho jAya~ aura kucha loga pratimA - oM ko bhI apane sAtha le jAya~ / zvetAmbaroMke samAna digambaroMne bhI yahI kiyA hogA | garaja yaha ki pAvAgar3ha ko usa samaya donoMne hI chor3a diyA hogA aura mandira donoM ke par3e rahe hoMge / isake bAda aisA jAna par3atA hai ki zvetAmbara bhAiyoMne to ukta sthAnako bilakula bhulA diyA, parantu digambara nahIM bhUle aura vi0 saM0 1937 meM bhaTTAraka kanakakIrtikI dRSTi isa ora gaI aura unake upadeza se digambara mandiroM ke uddhArakA prArambha ho gayA / bahuta karake kanakakIrtijI IMDarakI gaddI ke bhaTTAraka the / abase lagabhaga 27 varSa pahale san 1912 ke mArca mahIne ke antameM maiMne pAvAgar3ha kI yAtrA kI thI aura apanI usa yAtrAkA vivaraNa jainahitaiSI ( bhAga 9, aM0 12 ) meM prakAzita kiyA thA / usake nIce likhe aMzako par3hakara pAThaka dekha sakate haiM ki usa samaya bhI mujhe yaha bhAsa huA thA ki ukta sthAnapara pahale zvetAmbara mandira rahe hoMge aura isa bAta ko maiMne chupAyA nahIM thA / " chAsiyA tAlAba ke mArga meM dAhinI ora eka jaina mandira hai / isakI naye

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hamAre tIrthakSetra 221 sirese marammata kI gaI hai / isameM jo mukhya pratimA hai vaha jIrNoddhAra karAnevAlene saM0 1967 meM sthApita kI hai| zeSa do pratimAyeM purAnI hai / eka to saM0 1642 mAgha sudI 7 somavArako vAdibhUSaNa guruke upadezase pratiSThita huI hai, aura dUsarI prasiddha pratimApracAraka jIvarAja pApar3IvAladvArA saM0 1548 meM pratiSThA karAI huI hai / dUsarA eka mandira aura bhI pAsameM hai| usakI marammata kI gaI hai| usameM eka kAle pASANakI pratimA hai| vaha saM0 1662 kI hai / vAdibhUSaNa bhaTTArakane usakI bhI pratiSThA karAI thii| pratiSThA karAnevAle ahamadAbAdake eka hUmar3a zrAvaka the / parvatapara saba milAkara 10 jIrNa mandira haiM, inameMse tInakA to jIrNoddhAra ho gayA hai aura ekakI marammata kI gaI hai| zikhara bAkI hai / tIsarA-cauthA mandira dAhinI tarapha dharAzAyI ho rahA hai / ise hamane bhItara ghusakara dekhA to mAlUma huA ki garbhAlayakI do caukhaTopara to gaNezakI mUrtiyA~ haiM aura uttara taraphakI bAharI dIvAlapara jo tIna mUrtiyA~ haiM ve zvetAmbara sampradAyakI haiM / unakI bhujAoMmeM bAjU-banda aura hAthoMmeM kaMkaNa haiM / AsanameM hAthIkA citra hai / isake Age eka virATa mandira dharAzAyI ho rahA hai / isameM nandIzvaradvIpake samAna cAroM ora 52 jinAlaya the / isI jagaha seTha cunnIlAla hemacandra jarIvAlene mAndara banAkara vIra ni0 saM0 2437 meM pratiSThA karAI hai| Age bar3e mandirake sAmane eka choTI-sI deharI hai / yaha abhI hAla hI banI hai / isame jo caraNa haiM unakI sthApanA saM0 1967 meM huI hai| isa deharIkI pIThapara kahIMkA eka purAnA par3A huA patthara jar3a diyA gayA hai jisameM Rddhi-siddhi-yukta gaNezajIkI mUrti hai / bar3e mandirameM bar3I pratimA aura choTI-choTI pratimAe~ paraMDhA ( solApura) nivAsI zeTha gaNeza giridharakI haiM aura tIna jo purAnI haiM ve kramase 1645, 1665, aura 1969 kI haiM / yaha maMdira bahuta vistArameM thA aura prAcIna mAlUma hotA hai / marammata kevala bIcake bhAgakI kara lI gaI hai / isake pAsa hI do mandira aura the jinameMse ekakA to makAna-sA banA liyA gayA hai| isa samaya usameM parvatake mandiroMkI pUjA karanevAle pujArI rahate haiM / aura eka bilkula nAmazeSa hai--dAlAna yoM hI par3I hai / mandirake pAsa hI tAlAba hai| " yahA~se kAlikAkI Tokapara car3hanA hotA hai / isakI sIr3hiyoM meM jo patthara lagAyA gayA hai vaha pahAr3a parase hI saMgraha kiyA gayA hai / yaha dekhakara hameM kheda huA ki ina sIr3hiyoMmeM mAmUlI patthara samajhakara chaha-sAta jaina mUrtiyA~ lagA dI

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa gaI haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ bahuta karake zvetAmbara sampradAyakI haiM, kyoMki unameM laMgoTakA cihna dikhAI detA hai | 222 " yadyapi isa samaya parvatapara koI zvetAmbara mandira nahIM hai aura zvetAmbara - sampradAya ke yAtrI bhI yahA~ nahIM Ate haiM, to bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki yahA~ para pahale zvetAmbara - mandira avazya rahe hoMge aura ye pratimAyeM unhIM mandiroMkI hoMgIM / pAvAgiriko zvetAmbara - sampradAya meM mAlUma nahIM ki siddhakSetra mAnA hai yA nahIM / "" itane samaya ke bAda nAhaTAjI aura paM0 lAlacandajI gA~dhI kI kRpAse yaha mAlUma huA ki pAvAgar3ha siddhakSetra na honepara bhI zvetAmbara - sampradAyakA bahuta vikhyAta tIrtha rahA hai aura aba kAla - mAhAtmya se bilkula zeSa ho cukA hai / khaNDaharoM kI durdazAkA pAra nahIM rahatA / vahA~ ke kImatI se kImatI zilpa-kalA pUrNa pASANoM kA upayoga loga aisI bedardI ke sAtha karate hai ki dekhakara jI ro uThatA hai| pAvAgar3ha ke mandiroMke avazeSakA jisa taraha sIr3hiyoM meM upayoga huA hai usI taraha aura na jAne kina kina kAma meM huA hogA / upayoga karanevAloM kI najara meM to ve eka mAmUlI patthara se jyAdA mahattva nahIM rakhate / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki digambara zvetAmbara mandiroMke sAtha-sAtha pAvAgar3hapara hindU mandira bhI rahe hoMge aura unakI gaNezakI mUrtiyoM kA upayoga jaina mandiroMkA jIrNoddhAra karAnevAlAne bhI kiyA hai / yaha sambhava hai ki digambara jaina - mandiroMkA jIrNoddhAra karAnevAloMne zvetAmbara mandirake pattharoMkA bhI upayoga kiyA ho / parantu yaha nizcaya hai ki zvetAmbarapratimAoM kA upayoga na kiyA hogA, kyoMki zvetAmbara - pratimAe~ sahajameM hI digambara nahIM banAI jA sakatIM /

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dakSiNake tIrthakSetra [vi0 saM0 1740 ke lagabhagake eka yAtrIkI dRSTimeM ] hamAre grantha-bhaNDAroM aura gharoMmeM na jAne kitanI aitihAsika sAmagrI par3I huI hai jisakI ora bahuta hI kama dhyAna diyA gayA hai| bahuta-se grantha-bhaNDAroMkI nAmamAtrakI sUciyA~ bhI bana gaI haiM, parantu sUciyA~ banAnevAloMko zAyada vaha dRSTi hI prApta nahIM hai jisase ve aisI sAmagrIkI khoja kara sakeM aura usako mahattva de sakeM / isake lie z2arUrata hai ki aba koI vyavasthita prayatna kiyA jAya / __ lagabhaga 27-28 varSa pahale maiM sonAgira gayA thA aura vahA~ke bhaTTArakajIse milA thaa| vahA~ke grantha-bhaNDArako dekhanekI merI prabala icchA thii| bhaNDAra dikhalAnese unhoMne iMkAra to nahIM kiyA, parantu dikhalAyA bhI nahIMAja-kala Aja-kala karake TAla diyA / usI samaya maiMne unake pAsa eka purAnI bahI dekhI aura eka bastemeM ba~dhe hue kucha kAgaja-patra / vahI sau-savAsau varSakI purAnI thii| una dinoM bhaTTAraka aura unake ziSya paMDita yA pANDe apanI gaddIke anuzAsanameM rahanevAle sthAnoMkA sAlameM kamase kama eka bAra daurA karate the aura apanA ba~dhA huA Taiksa vasUla kiyA karate the / ukta bahImeM una sthAnoMkI silasilevAra sUcI thI aura pratyeka sthAnake do do cAra cAra mukhiyoMke nAma bhI likhe the| kisa ziSyake adhikArameM kahA~se kahA~ takakA kSetra hai, yaha bhI usase mAlUma ho jAtA thaa| maiMne apane gA~vakA aura usake AsapAsake paricita sthAnoM tathA mukhiyoMkA nAma bhI usameM dekhA / mukhiyA ve hI the jinake nAma maiMne apanI dAdIke mu~hase suna rakkhe the| kahIM kahIM TaiksakI rakama bhI likhI huI thii| bastemeM kucha sundara sacitra cihiyA~ bhI thIM jo janmakuNDaliyoMke samAna kAphI lambI aura gadyapadyamaya thiiN| ve gajaratha-pratiSThAe~ karanevAloMkI taraphase likhI huI thiiN| unameM pratiSThA karAnevAleke vaMzakA, sthAnakA, vahA~ke mukhiyoMkA, rAjyake zaurya-vIryakA aura dUsarI AnuSaMgika bAtoMkA Atizayya-yukta varNana thaa| kucha

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224 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa ciTThiyA~ ziSyoMdvArA unake guru bhaTTArakoMke nAmakI bhI thIM, jinakI bhASA kucha saMskRta aura kucha dezI thii| maiMne cAhA ki una kAgaja-patroMko acchI taraha dekhakara kucha noTsa le lU~, parantu bhaTTArakajIne dUsare samayake lie TAla diyA aura phira maiM kucha na kara skaa| - isake bAda maiMne san 1916 meM muni zrIjinavijayajI dvArA sampAdita 'vijJaptitriveNI' dekhI, jisameM tIna jaina sAdhuoM dvArA apane guruoMke nAma likhI huI bahuta vistRta kavitvapUrNa tIna saMskRta cihiyA~ chapI haiM, jinase usa samayakI ( vi0 saM0 1484 kI) aneka dhArmika, sAmAjika aura rAjanItika bAtopara prakAza par3atA hai / usa samaya jaina sAdhu jaba kisI sthAnameM cAturmAsa karate the taba apane AcArya yA guruko khUba vistRta patra likhakara bhejate the aura vaha 'vijJapti' kahalAtI thii| vijJapti-triveNIko aura bhaTTArakajIke bastekI ukta ciThiyoMko dekhakara mujhe vizvAsa-sA ho gayA hai ki isa tarahakI aneka ciThThiyA~ hamAre bhaNDAroMmeM-vizeSa karake vahA~, jahA~ bhaTTArakoMkI gaddiyA~ rahI haiM -par3I hoMgI aura prayatna karanese ve saMgraha kI jA sakatI haiM / unase madhyakAlIna itihAsapara bahuta kucha prakAza par3a sakatA hai| svargIya 'gurujI' paM0 pannAlAlajI vAkalIvAlane ArAse paM0 jayacandajI, dIvAna amaracandajI aura kavivara vRndAvanajIkI jo ciThiyA~ prApta kI thIM ve prakAzita ho cukI haiM / sabhI jAnate haiM ki ve kitane mahattvakI haiN| hamArA anumAna hai ki adhikAMza tIrthakSetroMke sambandhameM bhI hamAre bhaNDAroM aura nijI athavA gharU kAgaja-patroMmeM bahuta-sI sAmagrI mila sakatI hai| usa samaya loga bar3I bar3I lambI tIrtha yAtrAyeM karate the aura cAra cAra chaha chaha mahInoM meM ghara lauTate the| unake sAtha vidvAn aura tyAgI-vratI bhI rahate the / unameMse koI koI apanI yAtrAoMkA vivaraNa bhI likhate the / prAcIna guTakoM aura pothiyoMmeM aise kucha vivaraNa mile bhI haiM / zvetAmbara-sampradAyake surakSita aura suvyavasthita pustaka-bhaNDAroMse jaba aise aneka yAtrA-varNana upalabdha hue haiM, taba digambara bhaNDAroMmeM bhI inake milanekI kAphI saMbhAvanA hai / 1 AtmAnanda-jainasabhA, bhAvanagaradvArA prakAzita / 2 dekho, jainagrantharatnAkara-kAryAlayadvArA prakAzita * vRndaavn-vilaas'|

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dakSiNake tIrthakSetra " hamAre isa lekha meM maiM aise hI eka yAtrA-varNanakA paricaya diyA jAtA hai / tIrthakSetra ' nAmaka lekha meM eka do jagaha tIrthamAlA' nAmakI eka pustaka se kucha pramANa diye gaye haiM / usake kartA zrI zIlavijayajI zvetAmbara sampradAya ke tapAgacchIya saMvegI sAdhu the aura unake gurukA nAma paM0 zivavijayajI thA / unhoMne pazcima, pUrva, dakSiNa aura uttara cAroM dizAoMke tIrthoM kI paidala yAtrA kI thI aura jo kucha unhoMne dekhA sunA thA use apanI gujarAtI bhASA meM padyabaddha kara diyA thA / isake pahale bhAga meM 85, dUsare meM 55, tIsare meM 173 aura cauthe meM 55 padya haiM / pratyeka bhAgake prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpameM do do tIna tIna dohe aura anta meM cAra cAra lAinoMkA eka eka , kalasa hai / zeSa 1 8 saba caupAiyA~ haiM / "" C pUrva tIrthoMkI yAtrA unhoMne vi0 saM0 1711-12 meM, dakSiNakI 173132 meM, pazcimakI 1746 meM aura uttarakI zAyada 1748 meM kI thI / " 66 zAyada ' isa lie ki pustakake padya-bhAga meM saMvat nahIM diyA hai, parantu antakI puSpikAmeM likhA hai- saMvat 1748 varapre mAgasaramAse zuklapakSe trayodazI tithau somavAsara likhitam / / sva0 zrIdharmavijayasUrine vi0 saM0 nAmakA eka saMgraha prakAzita kiyA thA huI choTI-bar3I paccIsa tIrthamAlAyeM haiM / saMgrahIta hai / 225 2 1978 meM ' prAcIna tIrthamAlA-saMgraha / usameM bhinna-bhinna yAtriyoM kI likhI zIlavijayajIkI tIrthamAlA bhI usImeM " yoM to yaha samasta pustaka hI bar3e mahattvakI hai, parantu hama isakI dakSiNayAtrA ke aMzakA hI vivaraNa pAThakoM ke sAmane upasthita kareMge / kyoMki yaha aMza digambara sampradAyake pAThakoMke lie adhika upayogI hai | abase lagabhaga DhAI sau varSa pahaleke dakSiNake tIrthoM aura dUsare dharma sthAnoMke sambandha meM isase bahuta-sI bAteM mAlUma hoMgIM / svayaM zvetAmbara hone para bhI lekhakane dakSiNa ke samasta digambara - sampradAya ke tIrthoMkA zraddhA-bhaktipUrvaka varNana kiyA hai aura unakI vandanA kI hai / 1 yaha lekhakakI likhI yA likhAI huI pahalI hI prati mAlUma hotI hai aura ukta prati hI prakAzanake samaya sampAdakake sAmane Adarza prati thI / 2 zrIyazovijaya - jaina graMthamAlA, bhAvanagara dvArA prakAzita | mUlya 2 || ) 15

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226 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pRthvI-bhramaNakI upayogitA dikhalAneke lie unhoMne eka gAthA uddhRta kI hai disaha vivihacariyaM jANijai dujaNasajaNaviseso / appANaM ca kilajai hiMDajai teNa puhavIe // arthAt-vividha prakArake carita dekhanA cAhie, durjanoM aura sajanoMkI vizeSatA jAnanI cAhie / isake lie pRthvI-bhramaNa Avazyaka hai / __ isa pustakameM jo kucha likhA hai lekhakane svayaM paidala yAtrA karake likhA hai; phira bhI bahuta-sI bAteM sunI-sunAI bhI likhI haiM, jaisA ki unhoMne svayaM eka jagaha kahA hai jagamAM tIratha suMdarU, jyotivaMta jhamAla / pabhaNIsa dIThAM sAMbhalyAM, suNatAM amI-rasAla // 3 // athavA __ daSyiNa disinI bolI kathA, nisuNI dIThI je mi yathA / / 108 / / apanI dakSiNa-yAtrAkA prArambha ve narmadA nadIke parale pArase karate haiM aura vahIMse dakSiNa dezameM praveza karate haiM / nadI nirbadA peli pAra, AvyA dadhyiNadesamajhAri / mAnadhAtA tIratha tihAM suNyu, zivadharmI te mAni ghaNuM / mAndhAtAke viSayameM itanA hI kahakara ki ise zivadharmI bahuta mAnate haiM ve Age khaMDavA jAkara khAnadezake burahAnapurakA varNana karane lagate haiN| yahA~ yaha noTa karane lAyaka bAta hai ki mAndhAtAkA ullekha karake bhI lekhaka 'siddhavarakUTa' kA koI jikra nahIM karate haiM aura isakA kAraNa yahI jAna par3atA hai ki usa samaya taka vahA~ siddhavarakUTa nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| burahAnapurameM cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, sapArzvanAthake mandira haiM aura bar3e-bar3e puNyAtmA mahAjana basate haiN| unameM eka osavAlavaMzake bhUSaNa 'chItU jagajIvana' nAmake saMghavI ( saMghapati ) haiM, jinakI gRhiNIkA nAma ' jIvAde ' hai / unhoMne mANikyasvAmI, antarIkSa, AbU , goDI 1. siddhavarakUTa ' tIrthakI sthApanApara ' hamAre tIrthakSatra' nAmaka lekhameM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| dekho pR0 206

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dakSiNake tIrthakSetra 227 ( pArzvanAtha ) aura zatrujayakI yAtrA kI hai / pratiSThAyeM kI haiM / ve saMghake bhakta aura supAtra-dAnI haiM / dUsare dhanI porabAr3a vaMzake sAraMgadhara' saMghavI haiM, jinhoMne saMvat 1732 meM bar3I bhArI Rddhike sAtha caityabandanA aura mAlavA, mevAr3a, AbU , gujarAta tathA vimalAcala ( zatrujaya ) kI yAtrA karake apanI lakSmIko saphala kiyA hai / tIsare haiM digambara-dharmake anuyAyI -- jaisala jagajIvanadAsa' nAmake bar3e bhArI dhanI, jinakI zubhamati hai aura jo pratidina jina-pUjA karate haiM / unakI taraphase sadAvrata jArI hai, jisameM ATha rupayA roja kharca kiyA jAtA hai / isake Age malakApura ( jilA bulaDhAnA ) hai / vahA~ke zAntinAtha bhagavAnko praNAma karatA hU~ / vahA~se devalaghATa car3hakara barArameM praveza kiyA jAtA hai / devalagA~vameM pahu~cakara maiMne nemIzvara bhagavAnako praNAma kiyaa| isake Age samudra taka sarvatra digambara hI digambara basate haiM havi saghali dIgambara vasiM, samudrasudhI te ghay ulhasi // 13 // phira 'antarIkSa pArzvanAtha' kA varNana karate haiM zirapuranayara antarIka pAsa, amIjharo vAsima suvilAsa / Age isa tIrthaka viSayameM eka dantakathA likhI hai ki rAvaNakA bhaginIpati kharadUSaNa rAjA binA pUjA kiye bhojana nahIM karatA thaa| eka bAra vaha vanavihArako nikalA aura mandira bhUla gayA / taba usane bAlU aura gobarakI eka pratimA banAI aura namokAra mantra par3hakara usakI pratiSThA karake Anandase pUjA kii| vaha pratimA yadyapi vajra-sadRza ho gaI parantu kahIM pIche koI isakA avinaya na kare, isalie usane use eka jala kUpameM virAjamAna kara diyA aura vaha apane nagarako calA aayaa| isake bAda usa kue~ke jalase jaba 'elagarAya'kA roga dUra ho gayA, taba antarIkSa prabhu prakaTa hue aura unakI mahimA bar3hane lagI / pahale to yaha pratimA itanI adhara thA ki usake nIcese eka savAra nikala jAtA thA, parantu aba to kevala eka dhAgA hI nikala sakatA hai ! 1 vAsima sirapurase 10 mIla dUra hai| 2 jise rAjA ' ela ' kahA jAtA hai zAyada vahI yaha 'elagarAya ' hai| AkolAke gejeTiyarameM lisvA hai ki ela rAjAko kor3ha ho gayA thA, jo eka sarovarameM nahAnese acchA ho gayA / usa sarovarameM hI antarIkSakI pratimA thI aura usIke prabhAvase aisA huA thaa|

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228 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa isake Age lUNAra gA~va aura elajapurI arthAt elicapurakA ullekhamAtra karake kAraMjA nagarakA bahuta vistRta varNana kiyA hai, jo yahA~ sabakA saba uddhRta kara diyA jAtA hai elajapura kAraMjAnayara, dhanavaMtaloka vasi tihAM sabhara / jinamandira jyotI jAgatA, deva digaMbarakari rAjatA // 21 // tihAM gacchanAyaka dIgaMbarA, chatra-sukhAsana-cAmaradharA / zrAvaka te suddhadharamI vasii, bahudhana agaNita tehani achai // 22 // bagheravAlavaMza-siNagAra, nAmi saMghavI bhoja udAra / / samakitadhArI jinane namai, avara dharamasyUM mana navi ramai // 23 // tehane kule uttamaAcAra, rAtrI bhojanano parihAra / nityaI pUjAmahocchava karai, motI-coka jinaAgali bharai / / 24 // paMcAmRta abhiSeka dhaNI, nayaNe dIThI te mhi bhnnii| guru sAmI pustakabhaNDAra, tehanI pUjA kari udAra / / 25 // saMgha pratiSThA ne prAsAda, bahutIratha te kari AlhAda / karanATaka kuMkaNa gujarAti, pUraba mAlava ne mevAta // 26 // dravyataNA moTA vyApAra, sadAvarta pUjA vivahAra / / tapa japa kriyA mahocchava ghaNA, kari jinasAsana sohAmaNA / / 27 / / saMvata sAta satari sahI, gar3ha giranArI jAtrA karI / lAkha eka tihAM dhana vAvarI, neminAthanI pUjA karI // 28 // hemamudrA saMghavacchala kIo, lacchitaNo lAho tihAM liio| paraviM pAI sIAliM dUdha, Ipurasa uMnAli suddha / / 29 / / alAphUliM vAsyAM nIra, paMthIjanani pAI dhIra / paMcAmata pakavAne bharI, poSiM pAtraja bhagati karI // 30 // bhojasaMghavIsuta sohAmaNA, dAtA vinayI jJAnI ghaNA / arjuna saMghavI padAratha (?) nAma, zItala saMghavI kari zubha kAma // 31 // isakA sArAMza yaha hai ki kAraMjAmeM bar3e bar3e dhanI loga rahate haiM aura 1-loNora bulaDhAnA jilemeM mehakarake dakSiNameM 12 mIlapara hai / barArameM yaha gA~va sabase prAcIna hai| isakA purAnA nAma virajakSetra hai|

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dakSiNake tIrthakSetra 229 prakAzamAna jaina-mandira haiM jinameM digambaradeva virAjamAna haiM / vahA~ gacchanAyaka (bhaTTAraka) digambara haiM, jo chatra, sukhAsana ( pAlakI ) aura caMvara dhAraNa karate haiM / zuddhadharmI zrAvaka haiM, jinake yahA~ agaNita dhana hai / bagheravAla vaMzake zRMgArarUpa bhoja-saMghavI ( siMghaI ) bar3e hI udAra aura samyaktvadhArI haiN| ve jina bhagavAnko hI namaskAra karate haiM / unake kulakA AcAra uttama hai / rAtri-bhojanakA tyAga hai / nitya hI pUjA-mahotsava karate rahate haiM / bhagavAnake Age motiyoMkA cauka pUrate haiM aura paMcAmRtase abhiSeka karate haiM / yaha maiMne A~khoM dekhakara kahA hai / guru svAmI' ( bhaTTAraka ) aura unake pustaka-bhaMDArakA pUjana karate haiN| unhoMne saMgha nikAlA, pratiSThA kI, prAsAda ( mandira ) banavAye aura AhlAdapUrvaka bahutase tIrthokI yAtrA kii| karnATaka, koMkaNa, gujarAta, pUrva, mAlavA aura mevAr3ase unakA bar3A bhArI vyApAra calatA hai| jinazAsanako zobhA denevAle sadAvarta, pUjA, japa, tapa, kriyA, mahotsava Adi unake dvArA hote rahate haiN| saMvat 1707 meM unhoMne gar3ha giranArakI yAtrA karake nemi bhagavAnkI pUjA kI, sonekI moharoMse saMgha-vAtsalya kiyA aura eka lAkha rupayA kharca karake dhanakA 'lAhA' liyA / prapAoM (pyAU ) para zItakAlameM dUdha, garmiyoMmeM ganne kA rasa aura ilAyacIvAsita jala panthiyoMko pilAyA aura pAtroMko bhaktipUrvaka paMcAmRta pakkAna khilaayaa| 'bhoja saMghavI ke putra arjuna saMghavI' aura 'zItala saMghavI' bhI bar3e dAtA, vinayI, jJAnI aura zubha kAma karanevAle haiN| isake Age muktAgirike viSayameM likhA hai ki vaha zatrujayake tulya hai aura vahA~ caubIsa tIrthakaroMke U~ce U~ce prAsAda haiM havi mugatAgiri jAtrA kahuM, zejatoli te paNa lahuM / te Upari prAsAda utaMga, jina caubIsataNA ati caMga / / isake Age siMdhaSeDi, pAtUra, osAbudagiri, kalyANa, aura bidara zaharakA ullekha mAtra kiyA hai, sirpha pAtUrameM candraprabha aura zAntinAtha jinake mandiroMko batalAyA hai 1 isa ' svAmI' zabdakA vyavahAra kAraMjAke bhaTTArakoMke nAmoMke sAtha aba taka hotA haiM; jaise vIrasena svaamii|

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230 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa - siMdhaSeDi AMbA pAtUra, candraprabha jina zAMti sanUra / osAvudagiri gar3ha kalyANa, sahira bidhara prasIddhaM ThANa / / isake Age tailaMgadezake bhAganagara galakuMDUM ( golakuMDA) kA varNana hai / likhA hai ki usakA vistAra cAra yojanakA hai aura kutubazAhakA rAjya hai / usakI senAmeM eka lAkha ghur3asavAra aura nau lAkha sipAhI haiM / golakuMDAmeM chattIsahajAra vezyAyeM haiM aura rAtadina nAca gAna huA karatA hai / yahA~ke zrAvaka dhanI, dAnI, jJAnI, aura dharmAtmA haiM / maNi, mANikya, mUMgeke jAnakAra (jauharI) aura deva-gurukI sevA karanevAle haiM / vahA~ osavAla vaMzake eka ' devakaraNazAha ' nAmake bar3e bhArI dhanI haiM, jo 1 mahArASTrIya zAnakozake anusAra jaba jAnojI bhoMsalene nijAmaalIko parAsta karake sandhi karaneke lie lAcAra kiyA thA, taba pezavA svayaM to zindakheDameM raha gayA thA aura vizvAsarAva tathA sindhiyAkI usane auraMgAbAda bheja diyA thaa| isake bAda sAkharakheDameM baDI bhArI laDAI huI aura nijAmaalI parAsta huA (I0 san 1756 ) / isI zindakheDakA zIlavijayajIne ullekha kiyA hai| yaha barArameM hI hai / 2 AMbA barArakA hI koI gA~va hogaa| 3 AkolA jilekI bAlapura tahasIlakA eka kasbA / isake pAsake jaMgala meM kaI guphAyeM aura eka jainamandira bhI hai / saMbhava hai, vaha candraprabha bhagavAnkA hI ho / 4 yaha zAyada * Ukhalada' atizaya kSetra ho, jo nijAma sTeTa relaveke mIrakhela sTezanase tIna cAra mIla hai ! yaha sthAna pahADapara hai, isalie * giri ' kahA jA sakatA hai| 5 kalyANako Aja kala ' kalyANI' kahate haiM / yaha nijAma rAjyake bedara jilekI eka jAgIrakA mukhya sthAna haiN| cAlukya-nareza somezvara (prathama ) ne yahA~ apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kI thii| san 1656 meM yahA~ke gar3ha yA kileko auraGgajebane phataha kiyA thA / 6 yaha nijAma rAjyakA jilA bedara' hai| 7 haidarAbAdase pazcima pA~ca mIlapara basA huA purAnA zahara / isIkA purAnA nAma bhAganagara thA / 8 yaha kutubazAhIkA antima bAdazAha abUhasana-kutubazAha hogA, jo san 1672 meM golakuMDekI gaddIpara baiThA thA / sitambara 1687 meM auraMgajebane golakuMDA phataha kiyA aura abUhasanako giriphtAra kiyaa| 9 ina saMkhyAoMmeM kucha atizayokti ho sakatI hai| pro0 indra vidyAvAcaspati-likhita mugala-sAmrAjyakA kSaya aura usake kAraNa ' nAmaka granthake anusAra isa zaharameM bIsa hajAra vezyAyeM aura agaNita zarAbaghara the|

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dakSiNake tIrthakSetra 231 cintAmaNi caityameM pratidina jinapUjA aura saMgha-vAtsalya karate haiM / unakI orase sadAvarta hai| ve dIna-dukhiyoMke lie kalpavRkSa haiN| rAjA unheM mAnate haiM / 'udayakaraNa' aura ' AsakaraNa' sahita ve tIna bhAI haiM-samyaktvI , nirmalabuddhi, gavarahita aura gurubhakta / unake guru aMcala gacchake haiM / vahA~ AdinAtha aura pArzvanAthake do mandira haiM / eka digambara mandira bahuta bar3A hai / isake Age likhA hai ki kulapAkapura-maMDana mANika-svAmIkI sevA karanI cAhie / vahA~kI pratimA bharatarAyakI sthApita kI huI hai| isa tIrthakA uddhAra rAjA zaMkararAyakI rAnIne kiyA hai| isa mithyAtI rAjAne 360 zivamandira banavAye aura isakI rAnIne itane hI jinamandira / ina mandiroMkA vistAra eka kosakA hai, jahA~ pUjana-mahotsava huA karate haiN| __ isake Age dravir3a dezakA prArambha huA hai jisake gaMjIkoTa, sikAkoli aura aura cajI couri sthAnoMke nAma diye haiM jinameM sone, cA~dI aura ratnoMkI aneka pratimAyeM haiN| Age jinakAMcI, zivakAMcI aura viSNukAMcIkA ullekha hai jinameMse jinakAMcIke viSayameM batalAyA hai ki vahA~ svargApama jainamandira haiM aura zivakAMcImeM bahutase zivAlaya tathA viSNukAMcImeM viSNumandira haiM jahA~ pUjA, rathayAtrAyeM hotI rahatI haiM / - isake bAda karnATaka dezakA varNana hai jahA~ coroMkA saMcaraNa nahIM hai / kAberI nadIke madhya zrIraMgapaTTaNa basA huA hai / vahA~ nAbhimalhAra ( RSabhadeva ), 1 kulpAka yA mANikasvAmI tIrtha nijAma sTeTameM sikandarAbAdake pAsa haiM / vahA~ bahutase zilAlekha mile haiM / digambara jaina DirekTarIke anusAra gajapanthameM saMvat 1441 kA eka zilAlekha thA jisameM 'haMsarAjakI mAtA godUbAIne mANikasvAmIkA darzana karake apanA janma saphala kiyA ' likhA hai / para aba isa lekhakA patA nahIM hai| 2 gaMjIkoTi zAyada madrAsa ilAkeke kaDAppA jilekA gaMDikoTa hai jise bomanapalleke rAjA kappane basAyA thA aura eka kilA banavAyA thaa| phariztAke anusAra yaha kilA san 1589 meM banA thaa| vijayanagarake rAjA hariharane yahA~ eka mandira banavAyA thA / 3 sikAkoli gaMjAma jilekI cikAkola tahasIla hai| 4 caMjI kucha samajhameM nahIM aayaa| 5 caMjAuri taMjaura hai /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa cintAmaNi (pArzva ) aura vIra bhagavAn ke vihAroM ( mandira ) kI bheMTa kI / vahA~ devarAya nAmaka rAjA hai jo mithyAmatI hone para bhI zubhamati hai / bhoja sarIkhA dAnI hai aura madya-mAMsase dUra rahane vAlA hai / usakI senA meM pA~ca lAkha sipAhI haiM / vahA~ hAthI aura candana hote haiM / usakI AmadanI 65 lAkhakI hai jisameM se 18 lAkha dharma-kAryameM kharca hotA hai / ATha lAkha ThAkura ( kRSNa ) ke lie, cAra lAkha jinadevake lie aura chaha lAkha mahAdeva ke lie | raMganAthakI mUrti suvarNakI hai / hari ( kRSNa ) zayana mudrAmeM haiM aura gaMgAdhara (ziva) vRSabhArUr3ha haiN| inakI pUjA bar3e ThAThase hotI hai / isI taraha siddhacakra aura Adideva ( RSabhadeva ) kI bhI rAjAkI orase acchI taraha sevA hotI hai / devako cAra gA~va lage hue haiM, jinase aDhalaka ( aparimata ) dhana AtA hai / yahA~ke zrAvaka bahuta dhanI, dAnI aura dayApAlaka haiM / rAjAke brAhmaNa mantrI vizAlAkSa jinheM belAndura paNDita bhI kahate haiM vidyA, vinaya aura vivekayukta haiN| jainadharmakA unheM pUrA abhyAsa hai / jinAgamoM kI tIna bAra pUjA karate haiM, nitya ekAsana karate haiM aura bhojana meM kevala bAraha vastue~ lete haiM / jaina zAsanako dIpta karate haiM / rAja-dhuradhara haiM / unhoMne ' vIra - prAsAda' nAmakA vizAla mandira banavAyA hai, jisameM puruSa pramANa pItalakI pratimA hai / saptadhAtu, candana aura ratnoMkI bhI pratimAyeM 1 232 1 doDDa devarAjakA samaya I0 sa0 1659 - 72 hai aura cikka devarAjakA 16721704 hai / zIlavijayajI ke samaya meM arthAt 1783 ke lagabhaga cikkadevarAja hI honA cAhie / isane liMgAyata zaivadharmaM choDakara vaiSNavadharma svIkAra kiyA thA / zrIraMganAthakI suvarNa mUrti zAyada isIkI banavAI huI hai / 2 maisUra se dakSiNa-pUrva 42 mIlapara yelAndura nAmakA eka gA~va hai / vizAlAkSa usI gA~va ke rahanevAle the, isalie unheM yelAMdura paMDita bhI kahate the / cikkadevarAja jaba najarabanda the taba vizAlAkSane unapara atyanta prema dikhalAyA thA / isa lie jaba sam 1672 meM ve gaddIpara baiThe iba unhoMne inheM apanA pradhAna mantrI banAyA / san 1677 meM unhoMne gommaTasvAmIkA mastakAbhiSeka karAyA / 3 saMbhava hai usa samaya zrIraMgapaTTaNameM bhI dhavalAdi siddhAnta rahe hoM aura mUDabidrI meM hI pIche kisI samaya ve le jAye gaye hoM / hAla hI mAlUma huA hai ki vahA~ unakI eka nahIM tIna tADapatrIya pratiyA~ haiM /

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dakSiNake tIrthakSetra 1 1 haiM / isa kArya meM unhoMne bIsa hajAra dravya utsAha se kharca kiyA hai / ye puNyavanta sAta kSetroMkA poSaNa karate haiM / paNDitapriya, bahumAnI aura sajjana haiM / prati varSa mAghakI pUnoM ko gommaTasvAmIkA ekasau ATha kalazoMse paMcAmRta abhiSeka karate haiM / bar3I bhArI rathayAtrA hotI hai / gommaTasvAmI zrIraMgapaTTaNase bAraha kosapara haiM, jo bAhubalikA lokaprasiddha nAma hai / jainamatake anuyAyI cAmuNDarAyane yaha tIrtha sthApita kiyA thA / parvatake Upara anumAna 60 hAthakI kAyotsarga mudrAvAlI yaha mUrti hai / pAsa hI bilagola ( zravaNabelagola ) gA~va hai / parvatapara do aura zeSa grAmameM ikkIsa milAkara saba 23 mandira haiM / candraguptarAya ( candragupta basti ) nAmaka mandira bhadrabAhu guru ke anazana ( samAdhimaraNa ) kA sthAna hai / gacchake svAmIkA nAma cArukIrti ( bhaTTAraka paTTAcArya ) hai / unake anuyAyI zrAvaka bahuta dhanI aura guNI haiM | devako sAta gA~va lage hue haiM, jinase sAta hajArakI AmadanI hai | dakSiNakA yaha tIrtharAja kaliyuga meM utpanna huA hai ! 233 isake Age kanakagiri hai jisakA vistAra pAva kosa hai aura jisameM candraprebhasvAmIkI devI jvAlAmAlinI hai / 1 kanakagiri maleyUrakA prAcIna nAma hai / yaha grAma maisUra rAjyake cAmarAjanagara tAlukarme hai / prAcIna kAlameM yaha jaina- tIrtha ke rUpameM prasiddha thA aura eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna ginA jAtA thA / kalagiri grAma meM sarovara ke taTapara zaka saMvat 831 kA eka zilAlekha milA hai jisameM likhA hai ki paramAnadI koMguNi varmAke rAjya meM kanakagiri tIrthapara jainamandirake lie zrI kanakasena bhaTTArakakI sevAmeM dAna diyA gayA / ( dekho madrAsa aura maisUrake prAcIna jaina-smAraka / ) yahA~ pahale eka jaina maTha bhI thA, jo aba zravaNabelagolake antargata hai / kanakagiripara bIsoM zilAlekha mile haiM / zaka 1596 ke eka lekhameM ise ' hemAdri' likhA hai jo kanakagirikA hI paryAyavAcI hai / zaka saM0 1735 meM yahA~ dezIya gaNake agraNI aura siddhasiMhAsaneza bhaTTAkalaMkane samAdhipUrvaka svarga-lAbha kiyA / 1 1 - san 1400 ( vi0 saM0 1457 ) ke eka zilAlekhase mAlUma hotA hai ki zubhacandradeva ne isa parvatapara candraprabhasvAmIkI pratimA sthApita kI thI / zIlavijayajIne zAyada inhIM candraprabhasvAmIkA ullekha kiyA hai / dazabhaktyAdi mahAzAstra ke kattI muni varddhamAnane kanakAcala yA kanakagirike zrIpArzvanAtha devakI stuti kI hai / isase zAyada vahA~ke mUla nAyaka pArzvanAtha rahe hoM /

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234 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kanakagirI jvAlAmAlinI, devI candraprabhasvAminI / Age zIlavijaya kAverI nadIko pAra karake malayAcalameM saMcAra karate haiM aura aura ajanagiri sthAnameM vizrAma lekara zAntinAthako praNAma karate haiM / vahA~ candanake vana haiM, hAthI bahuta hote haiM aura bhArI-bhArI sundara vRkSa haiM / phira ghATa utarakara kAlikaTa bandara pahu~cate haiM jahA~ zvetAmbara mandira haiM aura gujara (gujarAtI) vyApArI rahate haiN| vahA~se sau kosapara subharamaNI nAmakA grAma hai| vahA~ke saMbhavanAthako praNAma karatA huuN| phira gommaTasvAmIpura hai, jahA~ sAta dhanuSakI pratimA hai / yahA~se Age jainoMkA rAjya hai / pA~ca sthAnoM meM aba bhI hai| tulai ( tulava ) dezakA bar3A vistAra hai, loga jinAjJAke anusAra AcAra pAlate haiN| __ Age badarI nagarI yA mUDabidrIkA varNana hai| yaha nagarI anupama hai, isameM unnIsa mandira haiM / unameM bar3e-bar3e maMDapa haiM, puruSa-pramANa pratimAyeM haiM / ve sonekI haiM aura bahuta sundara haiM / candraprabha, AdIzvara, zAntIzvara, pArzvake mandira haiM jinakI zrAvakajana sevA karate haiN| jinamatI strI rAjya karatI hai| digambara sAdhu haiN| -- - - 1- yaha aMjanagiri kurga ( koDagu ) rAjyameM hai| isa samaya bhI vahA~ zAntinAthakA eka kanaDImizrita saMskRta zilAlekha milA hai, jisameM likhA hai ki abhinava cArukIrti paMDitane aMjanagirikI zAntinAthabastIke darzana kiye aura suvarNanadImeM pAI huI zAntinAtha aura anantanAthakI mUrtiyoMko virAjamAna kiyaa| 2-subharamaNI zAyada ' subrahmaNya ' kA apabhraMza hai / yaha hinduoMkA tIrtha hai / yaha tuludezake kinAre pazcima ghATake nIce vidyamAna hai| 3-gommaTasvAmIpura zAyada vahI hai jo maisUrase pazcimakI ora 16 mIlakI dUrIpara jaMgalameM hai aura jahA~ gommaTasvAmIkI 15 hAtha U~cI pratimA hai| 4-yAtrIke kathanAnusAra usa samaya tuludezameM kaI choTe choTe rAjya the / jaise ajila, cauTa, baMga, mula Adi / 5-dakSiNa kanAr3A jilA tuludeza kahalAtA hai| aba sirpha vahIMpara tula bhASA bolI jAtI hai| pahale uttara kanADAkA bhI kucha hissA tulu dezameM garbhita thaa| zIlavijayajI ke samaya taka bhI tulu dezameM kaI jaina rAjA the| kArakalake rAjA bhairarasa oDiyarane jo gommaTadevIke putra the I0 sa0 1588 se 1598 taka rAjya kiyA hai / ye jaina the|

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dakSiNake tIrthakSetra 235 brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra cAroM varNake zrAvaka haiM / jAtiyoMkA yahI vyavahAra hai| ' mithyAdevoMko koI nahIM maantaa| tAr3apatroMkI pustakoMkA bhaMDAra hai, jo tA~bekI peTiyoM meM rahatI haiM / sAta dhAtukI, candanakI, mANika, nIlama, vaiDUrya, hArA aura vidruma (mUMgA ) ratnoMkI pratimAyeM haiM / bar3e puNyase inake darzana kiye| ___ Age kArakala grAmameM naupuruSa U~cI gommaTasvAmIkI pratimA hai / neminAthake caityameM bahuta-sI ratna pratimAyeM haiN| nAbhimalhAra ( RSabhadeva ) kI caumukhI mUrti hai| __ Age varAMga grAmameM nemikumArakA mandira hai aura parvatapara sATha mandira haiN| isa taraha tuluva dezakA varNana AhlAdapUrvaka kiyaa| Age likhA hai ki sAgara aura malayAcalake bIcameM jaina-rAjya hai| vahA~ jinavarakI jhA~kIkA prasAra hai / aura kitanA varNana karU~ ? vahA~se pIche lauTakara phira karnATakameM AyA, ghATa car3hakara vinuri" AyA, jahA~ rAnI rAjya karatI hai jisake nau lAkha sipAhI haiM / vinurimeM do sundara mandiroMkI bandanA kii| 1-nAtitaNA ahaja vivahAra, mithyAdevataNo parihAra / 83 / * ahaja' kA artha yaha hI' hotA hai; parantu ' yahI vyavahAra' kyA ? so kucha spaSTa nahIM hotaa| ___2-madrAsa maisUrake jaina smArakake anusAra kArakalameM caumukhA mandira choTI pahADIpara hai jise zaka saMvat 1508 meM veMgInagarake rAjA immadi bhairavane banavAyA thaa| __ 3-kArakalase tIrthalI jAte hue barAMga grAma paDatA hai| vahA~ vizAla mandira hai / isake pAsa jaMgala aura baDe baDe pahADa haiM / ina pahADoMmeMse hI kisIpara usa samaya sATha mandira raheM hoMge / dazabhaktyAdi mahAzAstrake kartA varddhamAna munine bhI yahAke neminAtha jinakA ullekha kiyA hai| 4-veNUrake pAsa koI ghATa nahIM hai / saMbhava hai, gaMgavADIke pAsa yAtrIne ghATa car3hA ho / 5-vinuri arthAt veNUra / yaha mUDabidrIse 12 aura kArakalase 24 mIla dUra hai / yahA~ gommaTasvAmIkI 25 hAtha UMcI mUrti hai jisakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1660 meM huA thaa| yaha sthAna guruyura nadIke kinArepara hai| 6 veNUrameM san 1683 se 1721 taka ajilavaMzakI rAnI padumalAdevIkA rAjya thA, jo jaina thii| nau lAkha senA atizayokti jAna par3atI hai|

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vinurise phira huMbaisi Aye, jahA~ pArzvanAtha aura padmAvatI devI hai / vahA~ AsapAsa aneka sarpa phirate rahate haiM para kisIkA parAbhava nahIM karate / aise mahimAdhAma aura vAMchita kAma sthAnakI pUjA kii| phira likhA hai ki citragar3ha, banosIgA~va aura pavitra sthAna baMkApura dekhA, jo manohara aura vismayavanta tIrtha hai citragar3ha banosI gAma, baMkApura dITuM subhadhAma / tIratha manohara vismayavanta,...... Age yAtrIjIne lakSmezvarapura tIrthakI eka apUrva bAta isa taraha likhI hai 1 hUmaca padmAvatI tIrtha zimogA jilemeM hai aura tIrthalIse 18 mIla dUra hai| yahA~ bhaTTArakakI gaddI hai / yaha jainamaTha AThavIM zatAbdIke lagabhaga sthApita huA batAyA jAtA hai| isa maThake adhikArI bar3e bar3e vidvAn ho gaye haiN| padmAvatIdevIkI bahuta mahimA batalAI jAtI hai| 2-maisUra rAjyake uttara meM cittaladurga nAmakA eka jilA hai| citragaDha zAyada yahI hogaa| yahA~ hoysAla rAjavaMzakI rAjadhAnI rahI hai| gar3ha aura durga paryAyavAcI haiM, isalie cittaladurgako cittalagaDha yA citragar3ha kahA jA sakatA hai| __ 3-banausI zAyada vanavAsIkA apabhraMza ho / uttara kanAr3A jilekI pUrva sImApara vanavAsI nAmakA eka gA~va hai / isa samaya isakI janasaMkhyA do hajArake lagabhaga hai / parantu pUrvakAlameM bahuta bar3A nagara thA aura vanavAsa dezakI rAjadhAnI thA / 13 vIM zatAbdI taka yahA~ kadamba-vaMzakI rAjadhAnI rahI hai| yahA~ke eka jainamandirameM dUsarIse bArahavIM zatAbdI takake zilAlekha hai| 4 dhArabADa jilekA eka kasbA hai| bhagavadguNabhadrAcAryane apanA uttarapurANa isI baMkApurameM samApta kiyA thaa| usa samaya yaha banavAsa dezakI rAjadhAnI thA aura rASTrakUTa nareza akAlavarSakA sAmanta lokAditya yahA~ rAjya karatA thA / rASTrakUTa mahArAja amoghavarSa ( 851-69 ) ke sAmanta ' baMkeyerasa ' ne ise apane nAmase basAyA thaa| 5 lakSmezvara dhAravADa jilemeM mirajake paTavardhanakI jAgIrakA eka gA~va hai| isakA prAcIna nAma 'puligere' hai / yahA~ ' zaMkha-basti' nAmakA eka vizAla jainamandira hai jisakI chata 36 khambhoMpara thamI huI hai / yAtrIne isIko 'zaMkha paramezvara' kahA jAna par3atA hai| isa zaMkhavastimeM chaha zilAlekha prApta hue haiM / zaka saMvat 656 ke lekhake anusAra cAlukya-nareza vikramAditya (dvitIya) ne puligerekI zaMkhatIrtha vastIkA jIrNoddhAra karAyA

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dakSiNake tIrthakSetra 237 svAmIke sevakane arthAt kisI yakSane zrAvakoMse kahA ki nau dina taka eka zaGkhako phUloMmeM rakkho aura phira dasaveM dina darzana karo / isa para zrAvakoMne nau dina aisA hI kiyA aura naveM dina hI use dekha liyA aura taba unhoMne zaGkhako pratimArUpameM parivartita pAyA parantu pratimAke paira zaMkharUpa hI raha gaye, arthAt yaha daza dinakI nizAnI raha gaI / zaMkhamese neminAtha prabhu prakaTa hue aura isa prakAra ve 'zaMkha paramezvara' kahalAye / ___ isake bAda zIlavijayajI gadaki' rAyahubalI', aura rAmarAyake lokaprasiddha bIjAnagarameM hote hue hI bIjApura Ate haiM / bIjApurameM zAnti jinendra aura padmAvatIke darzana kiye / yahA~ke zrAvaka bahuta dhanI guNI aura maNiyoMke vyApArI haiM / IdalazAhako balavAn rAjya hai, jo bar3A prajA-pAlaka hai aura jisakI senAmeM do lAkha sipAhI haiN| aura jinapUjAke lie bhUmi dAna kii| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta basti isase bhI prAcIna hai / hamArA anumAna hai ki atizaya kSetrakANDameM kahe hue zaMkhadevakA sthAna yahI hai pAsaM sirapuri baMdami holagirI saMkhadevammi / jAna par3atA hai ki lekhakoMkI ajJAnatAse ' puligeri' hI kisI taraha ' holagiri ' ho gayA hai / ukta paMktike pUrvArdhakA sirapura ( zrIpura ) bhI isI dhAravAr3a jilekA zirUra gA~va hai jahA~kA zaka saMvat 787 kA eka zilAlekha ( iMDiyana e0 bhAga 12, pR0 216 ) prakAzita huA hai / svAmI vidyAnandakA zrIpura pArzvanAtha stotra saMbhavataH isI zrIpurake pArzvanAthako lakSya karake racA gayA hogaa| 1-dhAravADa jilekI gadaga tahasIla / 2-hubalI jilA belagA~va / 3-4 vijayanagarakA sAmrAjya tAlIkoTakI lar3AI meM san 1565 meM musalamAnoM dvArA naSTa ho gayA aura rAmarAyakA vadha kiyA gyaa| yaha vahA~kA antima hindU rAjA thaa| isake samayameM yaha sAmrAjya unnatike zikharapara yA / yAtrIke samayake kucha barasoM bAda peddA vijaya rAmarAyane potanUrase rAjadhAnI haTAkara vijayanagarameM sthApita kI thii| 5-san 1683 ke lagabhaga jaba zIlavijayajIne yaha yAtrA kI thI, bIjApurakI AdilazAhI durdazAgrasta thii| usa samaya alI AdilazAha (dvi0 ) kA beTA sikandara AdilazAha bAdazAha thaa| auraGgajebakI car3hAIyA~ ho rahI thIM / 1684 meM zAhajAdA AjamazAhako usane bIjApurakI caDhAIpara bhejA thaa| 1686 meM sikandara kaida ho gayA aura 1689 meM usakI mRtyu ho gii|

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238 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa Age karahiDA aura kalikuMDa pArzvanAthake viSayameM likhA hai ki unakI mahimA Aja bhI akhaMDa hai / divAlIke dina brahmAdika sAre deva Akara praNAma karate haiM ! ___ isake bAda kucha sthAnoMke nAma-mAtra diye haiM-cAraNagiri, navanidhi', rAyabAga, hukerii| isa tarapha paMcama, vaNika, chIpI", kaMsAra, vaNakareM aura caturtha jAtike zrAvaka haiM / ye sabhI digambarI haiM, para eka sAtha bhojana nahIM karate / zivAjIke marAThA rAjyake adhIna haiM / tulajA devIkI sevA karanevAle loga bahuta haiM / phira syAhagar3ha, mUgI paIThANake nAma mAtra haiM / paIThANameM vANa gaMgAke kinAre jIvita svAmI munisuvratakI pratimA prakaTa huI / yahA~ siddhasena divAkara aura haribhadrasUri hue / kavijanoMkI mAtA bhAratI bhadrakAlI devI dIpatI haiM / Age kisanera, daulatAbAda, devagiri, auraGgAbAdake nAma mAtra dekara ilorike viSayameM likhA hai ki dekhakara hRdaya ullasita ho gayA / ise vizvakarmAne banAyA hai| phira imadAnagari, nAsika, vyaMbaka, aura tuGgagirikA ullekhamAtra karake dakSiNa yAtrA samApta kara dI hai " 'daSyiNa disinI bolI kathA, nisuNI dIThI je mi yathA / ' 1-jAna par3atA haiM 'navanidhi ' pATha bhUlase chapa gayA hai / 'tavanidhi' hogaa| yaha stavanidhi tIrtha hai jo belagA~vase 38 aura nipANIse 3 mIla hai / da0 ma0 jainasabhAke jalse aksara yahIM hote haiM / 2-kolhApura rAjyake eka jilekA sadara mukAma / 3-belagA~va jilekI cikoDI tahasIlakA eka kasbA / 4-ziMpI yA diiN| 5 bunnevaale| 6 zolApurase 28 mIlakI dUrIpara tulajApura nAmakA kasbA hai, usake pAsa pahAr3akI talaiTImeM tulajAdevIkA mandira hai / vahA~ hara sAla baDA bhArI melA lagatA hai / 7 prAcIna pratiSThAnapura aura vartamAna paiThaNa nijAma rAjyake auraGgAbAda jilekI eka tahasIla hai / vividha tIrthakalpake anusAra yahA~ ' jIvaMtasAmi muNisunvaya ' kI pratimA thii| 8 auraGgAbAdake pAsakA 'kacanera ' nAmakA atikSaya kSetra / 9 elora yA elorAke guphA. mandira / 10 ahmdngr| 11 paM0 ke0 bhujavali zAstrIne isa lekhake kaI sthAnoMkA patA lagAne meM sahAyatA denekI kRpA kI hai|

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tIrthoM ke jhagar3oMpara aitihAsika dRSTise vicAra 1-pUrva kAlake tIrthakSetroM aura vartamAnake tIrthoMmeM jamIna AsamAnakA antara par3a gayA hai / sAdhAraNa loga to usa antarakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sakate / zatrujaya aura sonAgiri parvata isa samaya jisa taraha nIcese Upara taka mandiroMse DhaMka gaye haiM, pahale inakI yaha dazA nahIM thii| ye saba mandira bahuta hI arvAcIna haiN| jisa taraha aneka tIrthopara isa samaya bhI eka eka do do mandira hI dekhe jAte haiM, usI taraha pahale sabhI tIrthopara the| pahale ina parvatopara bahuta karake caraNacihnoMkI hI sthApanA thii| unhIMkI saba loga bhaktibhAvase pUjA vandanA karate the; aura isa kAraNa judA judA sampradAyoMke bIca jhagar3ekA koI kAraNa hI upasthita na hotA thaa| digambara-zvetAmbara hI kyoM, dUsare bhAvuka ajainoMko bhI apanI zraddhA bhakti caritArtha karaneke lie vahA~ koI rukAvaTa nahIM thii| 2-prAyaH jitane jaina tIrtha haiM, ve saba vipulajanAkIrNa nagaroM aura saba prakArake kolAhaloMse dUra, U~ce parvatoM aura vanoMke bIca sthApita haiM / jaina dharmakI prakRti hI aisI hai ki vaha saMsArake kolAhaloMse dUra, nirjana aura zAnta sthAnoMmeM rahane kI preraNA karatI hai| muni aura sAdhujana aise hI sthAnoMko pasanda karate the aura unhIMkI smRtikI rakSAke lie smArakasvarUpa ye saba tIrtha sthApita hue the| 3--ina smArakoM ke darzana karane ke lie aura apane bhaktibhAvoMko caritArtha karaneke lie bahuta dUra dUrake bhaktajana AyA karate the; parantu phira bhI kisIke dvArA ina sthAnoMkI ekAnta zAntatA naSTa karanekA prayatna nahIM kiyA jAtA thA; kyoMki ina ekAnta sthAnoMmeM saMsAra-tyAgI aura zAnti-prayAsI sAdhajana hI rahate the| gRhasthajana ina bAtoMko jAnate the aura isa kAraNa ve bhaktipUrita honepara bhI tIrthokI isa zAntimeM bAdhA DAlanA ucita nahIM samajhate the / 4-parantu Age yaha bAta na rahI / sAdhujana svayaM hI vanoMko chor3akara gA~voMke samIpa Akara rahane lage aura gRhasthoMke sAtha unakA samparka bar3hane lagA / dhIre

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240 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa dhIre caityavAsakI jar3a jamI aura antameM munimArga zithila hokara caityavAsI yA maThavAsI bhaTTArakoM aura mahantoMke rUpameM pariNata ho gayA / sAdhuoMkI isa zithilatAne caityoM aura mandiroMkA prabhAva bahuta bar3hA diyA aura jainadharmakI prabhAva nAkA sabase bar3A dvAra yahI bana gayA / bhagavAna samantabhadrake prabhAvanAGgake isa zreSTha lakSaNako loga eka tarahase bhUla hI gaye ki "ajJAnAMdhakArako jaise bane, vaise haTAkara jainazAsanake mAhAtmyako prakaTa karanA hI saccI prabhAvanA hai|" isake badale meM yaha upadeza diyA jAne lagA ki " vimbAphalake barAbara mandira banAkara usameM jauke dAneke barAbara bhI pratimA sthApana karanevAle gRhasthake puNyakA varNana nahIM ho sakatA !" isakA phala yaha huA ki mandiroM aura pratimAoMke banavAne aura sthApana karAnekA logoMpara eka prakArakA khabta savAra ho gayA / loga A~kha banda karake isI kAmakI ora jhuka par3e / itihAsa sAkSI hai ki pichale 500-600 varSoMmeM jainasampradAyake anuyAyiyoMne apane dharmake nAmase yadi kucha kiyA hai to vaha mandiroM aura pratimAoMkA nirmANa hI kiyA hai / 5.- ye caityavAsI aura maThavAsI sAdhu donoM hI sampradAyoMmeM ho gaye the; balki zvetAmbara sampradAyameM to yaha zithilatA zAyada aura bhI pahale praviSTa ho gaI thii| ina sAdhujanoMke upadezase tIrthoM meM bhI mandira banAye jAne lage aura naye naye tIrtha atizayakSetra Adi nAmoMse sthApita hone lage / ina mandiroM aura tIrthoM ke vyayanirvAhake lie dhana-saMgraha kiyA jAne lagA, dhana-saMgraha karanekI naI naI tarakIbeM nikAlI gaI aura prabandhake lie koThiyA~ khola dI gaI / bahuta-sI koThayoMkI mAlikI bhI dhIre dhIre bhaTTArakoM aura mahantoMke adhikArameM A gaI aura antameM usane eka prakArase dhArmika dUkAnadArIkA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA / yadi isa bIcameM digambara sampradAyameM teraha paMthakA aura zvetAmbara sampradAyameM vidhimArga yA saMvegI 1-ajJAnatimiravyAptimapAkRtya yathAyatham / jinazAsanamAhAtmyaprakAzaH syAtprabhAvanA / / 2-bimbAphalonnatiyavonnatimeva bhaktyA ye kArayanti jinasadmajinAkRti vaa| puNyaM tadIyImaha vAgapi naiva zaktA stotuM parasya kimu kArayituIyasya //

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tIrthoke jhagar3oMpara aitihAsika dRSTise vicAra 241 sAdhuoMkA udaya na hotA to yaha dUkAnadArI kauna-sA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI, isakI kalpanA karanA bhI kaThina hai| 6-yaha saba ho gayA thA, to bhI tIrthoke lie digambarI aura zvetAmbarI jhagar3oMkA sUtrapAta nahIM huA thA / kyoMki eka to pahale tIrthopara tIrthaMkaroM yA siddhoMke caraNoMkI pUjA hotI thI aura ve caraNa donoMko samAna rUpase pUjya the / dUsare isa bAtake bhI pramANa milate haiM ki prAcIna kAlameM digambarI aura zvetAmbarI pratimAoMmeM koI bheda na thaa| donoM hI nagna pratimAoMko pUjate the / zraddheya muni jinavijayajIne (jainahitaiSI bhAga 13, aMka 6) meM likhA hai ki mathurAke kaMkAlI TIlemeM jo lagabhaga do hajAra varSakI prAcIna pratimAe~ milI haiM, ve nagna haiM aura unapara jo lekha hai, ve zvetAmbara kalyasUtrakI sthavirAvalIke anusAra haiN| isake sivA 17 vIM zatAbdImeM zvetAmbara vidvAn , paM0 dharmasAgara upAdhyAyane apane 'pravacana-parIkSA' nAmaka granthameM likhA hai ki " giranAra aura zatrujayapara eka samaya donoM sampradAyoMmeM jhagar3A huA, aura usameM zAsanadevatAkI kRpAse digambaroMkA parAjaya huaa| jaba ina donoM tIrthopara zvetAmbara sampradAyakA adhikAra siddha ho gayA, taba Age kisI prakArakA jhagar3A na ho sake, isake lie zvetAmbara saMghane yaha nizcaya kiyA ki abase jo naI pratimAe~ banavAI jAya, unake pAda-mUlameM vastrakA cihna banA diyA jAya / yaha sunakara digambariyoMko krodha A gayA aura unhoMne apanI pratimAoMko spaSTa nagna banAnA zurU kara diyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki saMprati rAjA ( azokake pautra) AdikI banavAI huI pratimAoMpara vastra-lAMchana nahIM hai aura Adhunika pratimAoMpara hai| pUrvakI pratimAoMpara vastra-lAMchana bhI nahIM hai aura spaSTa namatva bhI nahIM hai|" isase kamase kama yaha bAta acchI taraha siddha hotI hai ki pUrvokta vivAdake pahale donoMkI pratimAoMmeM bheda nahIM thA aura isa kAraNa donoM ekatra hokara apanI upAsanA-vRttiko caritArtha karate the| usa samaya taka lar3ane jhagar3anekA koI kAraNa hI nahIM thaa| parantu aba to donoMkI pratimAoM aura upAsanA-vidhimeM itanA antara par3a gayA hai ki usapara vicAra karanese Azcarya hotA hai / pAThaka yaha jAnakara Azcarya kareMge ki gujarAtake kaI prasiddha zaharoM meM jinendra bhagavAnake vimba Aja-kalakI phezanake vastrAbhUSaNa pahanate haiM / vItarAga bhagavAnakI unake bhaktoMdvArA isase adhika viDambanA aura kyA ho sakatI hai ?

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242 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 7- zvetAmbarAcArya ratnamaNDanagaNikRta sukRtasAgara nAmaka granthake-'pethar3a tIrthayAtrAdvaya-prabandha' meM jo kucha likhA hai usakA sArAMza yaha hai ki " suprasiddha dAnI pethar3azAha zatrujayakI yAtrA karake saMghasahita girinArameM pahu~ce / unake pahale vahA~ digambara saMgha AyA huA thaa| usa saMghakA svAmI pUrNa ( candra ) nAmakA agravAlavaMzI dhanika thA / vaha dehalIkA rahanevAlA thaa| use 'alAuddInazAkhInamAnya' vizeSaNa diyA hai jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha koI rAjamAnya puruSa thA / usane kahA ki parvatapara pahale hamArA saMgha car3hegA; kyoMki eka to hama loga pahale Aye haiM aura dUsara yaha tIrtha bhI hamArA hai| yadi yaha tIrtha tumhArA hai, to isakA subUta peza karo / yadi bhagavAna neminAthakI pratimApara aMcalikA aura kaTi-sUtra prakaTa ho jAya, to hama ise tumhArA tIrtha mAna leNge| bhagavAn bhavya janoMke diye hue AbharaNa sahana nahIM kara sakate, isalie isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki yaha tIrtha hamArA hai / isapara zvetAmbarIya pethar3azAha bole ki bhagavAn AbharaNAdi sahana nahIM kara sakata, isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unakI kIrti bAraha yojana taka phailI huI hai / Amake vRkSapara toraNakI aura laMkAmeM laharoMko cAha nahIM hotI / jisa taraha phalodhI ( mAravAr3a ) meM pratimAdhiSThita deva AbhUSaNApahAraka haiM, usI taraha yahA~ bhI haiN| yadi yaha tIrtha tumhArA hai, to zaivoMkA bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha parvata liMgAkAra hai aura giri-vAri-dhAraka hai / isa taraha vAdavivAda ho rahA thA ki kucha vRddhajanoMne Akara kahA, abhI to isa jhagar3e ko chor3a do aura yAtrAko calo / vahA~ indramAlA ( phUlamAla ) lete samaya isakA nirNaya hA jaaygaa| usa mAlAko jo sabase jyAdA dhana dekara le sakegA, yaha tIrtha usIkA siddha ho jAyagA / nidAna donoM saMgha parvatapara gaye aura donoMne abhiSeka, pUjana, dhvajAropaNa, nRtya, stutyAdi kRtya kiye / isake bAda jaba indramAlAkA samaya AyA taba zvetAmbara bhagavAnake dAhine ora aura digambara bAI ora baiTha gye| isIse nizcaya ho gayA ki kauna hAregA aura kauna jItegA ! indramAlAkI bolI hAne lgii| eka dUsarese adhika bar3hate bar3hate antameM zvetAmbaroMne 56 dhar3I (paMserI) sonA dekara mAlA lenekA prastAva kiyA / digambarI abhItaka to barAbara bar3he jAte the; parantu aba ve ghabarAye aura salAha karane lage / unhoMne apane saMghapatise kahA

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tIrthoke jhagar3oMpara aitihAsika dRSTise vicAra 243 luNThitairiva bhUtvA ca phalaM ki tIrthavAlane / imaM na hi samAdAya zailezaM yAsyate gRhe // arthAt isa taraha luTakara tIrtha lenese kyA lAbha hogA ? kyA isa parvatarAjako uThAkara ghara le calanA hai ? antameM pUrNacandra jIne kaha diyA ki Apa hI mAlA pahana lIjie / isase digambarI murajhA gaye aura apanA-sA mu~ha liye yAtrA karake nIce utara gaye / " __yaha kathA yadyapi zvetAmbariyoMkI dhanADhayatA, udAratA aura girinArapara zvetAbarAdhikAra siddha karaneke mukhya abhiprAyase likhI gaI hai, to bhI isameM bahuta kucha aitihAsika satya jAna par3atA hai; aura yaha bAta anAyAsa hI siddha ho jAtI hai ki usa samaya digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM eka hI mandira meM upAsanA karate the aura indramAlAkI bolI donoMke samUhake bIca bolI jAtI thii| isake sivA yaha bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya girinArakI mUlanAyaka neminAthakI pratimA AbhUSaNoMse susajita aura kaTi-sUtra tathA aMcalikAse bhI lAMchita nahIM thii| isI taraha udAharaNake taura para jo phalodhI tIrthakI pratimAoMke viSayameM kahA hai ki vahA~kA pratimAdhiSThita deva bhUSaNApahAraka hai, so jAna par3atA hai ki vahA~ bhI usa samaya ( kamase kama ratnamaMDana gaNike samayameM) pratimAoMko AbhUSaNAdi nahIM pahanAye jAte the / vItarAga pratimAoMkI ye saba biDambanAe~ bahuta pIche kI gaI haiN| 8-zrIratnamandiragaNikRta upadeza-taraMgiNI (pR0 148 ) meM likhA hai-- __surASTra dezake gomaNDala ( goMDala ) nAmaka gA~vake nivAsI dhArAka nAmake saMghapati the| unake 7 putra, 700 yoddhA, 1300 gAr3iyA~ aura 13 karor3a azarphiyA~ thiiN| ve zatrujayakI yAtrA karake jaba giranAra tIrthakI yAtrAko gaye jo ki 50 varSase digambaroMke adhikArameM thA, taba vahA~ unheM khaGgAra nAmaka kiledArase lar3anA par3A aura usameM unake sAtoM putra aura sAre yoddhA mAre gaye / usI samaya jaba unhoMne sunA ki gopagiri arthAt gvAliyara ke rAjA Ama haiM aura unheM vappaTTi nAmaka zvetAmbarAcAryane pratibodhita kara rakkhA hai, taba ve gvAliyara aaye| usa samaya vappabhaTTikA vyAkhyAna ho rahA thaa| svayaM rAjA aura ATha zrAvaka baiThe suna rahe the / dhArAkane digambarAdhikRta giranAra tIrthakI hAlata sunAI / gurune bhI tIrthakI mahimAkA varNana kiyA / isapara Ama rAjA pratijJA kara baiThe ki giranArake neminAthakI vandanA kiye binA maiM bhojana grahaNa nahIM kruuNgaa|

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244 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa eka hajAra zrAvakoMne bhI yahI pratijJA kii| taba rAjA eka bar3e bhArI saMghake sAtha cala par3e / battIsa upavAsa karake staMbha-tIrtha arthAt khaMbhAtameM pahu~ce / rAjAkA zarIra bahuta khinna ho gayA thaa| yaha dekhakara gurune ambikAko bulAyA aura usake dvArA apApamaTha ( ? ) se eka pratimA ma~gavA lI / usake darzana karake rAjA pratijJAmukta ho gaye ! isake bAda eka mahIne taka digambariyoMse vivAda huA aura antameM ambikAne 'ujiMtaselasihare' Adi gAthAe~ kahakara vivAdakI samApti kara dI / (ina gAthAoMmeM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo striyoM kI mukti mAnatA hai, vahI saccA jaina mArga hai aura usIkA yaha tIrtha hai| ) isa taraha tIrtha lekara, digambara-zvetAmbaroMkI pratimAoMmeM nagnAvasthA aura aJcalikAkA bheda kara diyo / " ukta avataraNase do bAteM mAlUma hotI haiM / eka to yaha ki pahale donoM kI pratimAoMmeM koI bheda nahIM thA; aura dUsarI yaha ki isa ghaTanAke pahale giranArapara '50 varSase digambariyoMkA adhikAra thA / 9-isI upadezataraGgiNI ( pRSTha 247 ) meM vastupAla maMtrIke saMghakA varNana hai jo unhoMne saM0 1285 meM nikAlA thA / usameM 24 dantamaya devAlaya, 120 kASTha devAlaya, 4500 gAr3iyA~, 1800 DoliyA~, 700 sukhAsana, 500 pAlakiyA~, 700 AcArya, 2000 zvetAmbara sAdhu, 1100 digambara, 1900 zrIkarI,(?) 4000 ghor3e, 2000 U~Ta aura 7 lAkha manuSya the / yadyapi yaha varNana atizayoktipUrNa hai, to bhI isase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya 1 " murASTrAyA gAmaNDalagrAmavAstavyaH saptaputraH saptazatasubhaTa: 13 zatazakaTasaMghaH 13 koTisvarNapatiH saM0 dhArAkaH zrIzatrujayayAtrAM kRtvA 50 varSAvadhi digambarAdhiSThitaraivatayAtrAvasare gvaGgAradargapasainyaiH saha yuddhe 7 putra 7 subhaTakSaye zrIvappaTTipratibodhitaM gIpagirau zrIAmabhUpati jJAtvA tasyAmanRpasya mUripAce vyAkhyAnopaviSTASTazrAddhaiH samaM saM0 dhArAka: samAgataH / tena digambaragRhItatIrthasvarUpaM kathitam / gurubhistanmahimoktau AmanRpeNa girinAranemivandanaM vinA bhojanAbhigraho gRhItastataH saMghazcacAla / 1 lakSaM poSTikAnAn lakSaM turaMgamANAm , 7 zatAni gajAnAm , viMzatisahasrANi zrAvakakulAnAm , 32 upavAsa: stambhatIrthe prAptaH / rAzaH zarIraM khinnam / gurubhirambikAM pratyakSIkRtya apApamaThAt pratibhaikA AnItA / nRpAbhigraho mutkalojAtaH / mAsamekaM digambaraiH saha vAdaH, pazcAdambikayA ( ujjita sailasihare' ti gAthayA vivAdo bhagnaH tIrtha lAtvA digambarazvetAmbarajinArcAnAM nagnAvasthAJcalikAkaraNena vibhedaH kRtaH / iti yaatropdeshH|"

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toiMke jhagar3oMpara aitihAsika dRSTise vicAra 245 tIrtha-yAtrA, pUjanArcA Adi kAryoM meM digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM meM itanI vibhinnatA nahIM thI, jitanI ki aba hai aura isI kAraNa isa saMghameM zvetAmbariyoMke sAtha 1100 digambara bhI gaye the / donoMmeM Ajakalake samAna vaira-bhAva nahIM thA aura digambara-zvetAmbaroMkI mUrtiyoM meM bhI koI antara nahIM thA / yadi antara hotA to vastupAlane digambariyoM ke lie digambara devAlayoMkI bhI vyavasthA kI hotI aura unakI bhI saMkhyA dI hotI / jaba ki donoMke tIrtha eka the, eka hI tarahakI mUrtiyoMko pUjate the, taba yaha svAbhAvika hai ki tIrtha yAtrAke saMgha nikAlanevAle donoMko sAtha lekara cle| 10 -- jAna par3atA hai, girinAra parvatapara digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroMke vaha vivAda kabhI na kabhI avazya huA hai jisakA ullekha dharmasAgara upAdhyAyane kiyA hai / yaha koI aitihAsika ghaTanA avazya hai; kyoMki isakA ullekha digambara sAhityameM bhI eka dUsare hI rUpameM milatA hai / nandisaMghakI gurvAvalImeM likhA hai padmanandI gururjAto balAtkAragaNAgraNI / pASANaghaTitA yena vAditA zrIsarasvatI / / 36 // ujayantagirau tena gacchaH sArasvatA bhavet / atastasmai munIndrAya namaH zrIpadmanandine // 37 / / aura bhI kaI jagahe isa ghaTanAkA jikra hai ki giranArapara digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroMkA zAstrArtha huA thA aura usameM sarasvatIkI mUrti se ye zabda nikalanese ki satya mArga digambaroMkA hai, zvetAmbara parAjita ho gaye the| isa sarasvatIkI mUrtiko vAcAla karanevAle padmanandi bhaTTAraka the jinakA samaya ukta gurvAvalImeM vikrama saMvat 1385 se 1450 likhA hai / inake ziSya zubhacandra aura 1-AcArya kundakundakA bhI eka nAma padmanandi hai; ataeva pIcheke lekhakoMne isa zAstrArtha aura vijayakA mukuTa kundakundako bhI pahanA diyA hai| parantu yaha bar3A bhArI bhrama hai / ye padmanandi 14 vIM zatAbdike eka bhaTTAraka haiM / 2-kavivara vRndAvanajIne likhA hai saghasahita zrIkundakunda guru, bandana heta gae giranAra, vAda parayau taha~ saMzayamatisoM, sAkhI badI abikAkAra / 'satyapantha nigraMtha digambara' kahI surI taha~ pragaTa pukAra, so gurudeva basau ura mere, vighana harana maMgala-karatAra / /

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246 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa praziSya jinacandra the / zvetAmbara granthoM meM yahI ghaTanA isa rUpameM varNita hai ki ambikAdevIne zvetAmbaroMkI vijaya yaha kahakara karAI thI ki jisa mArgameM strIko mokSa mAnA hai, vahI saccA hai / jIta cAhe kisIkI huI ho,-kyoMki zAstrArthomeM to hama Ajakala bhI yahI dekhate haiM ki donoM hI pakSavAle apanI apanI jItakA DhiMDhorA pITA karate haiM parantu aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta vivAda huA thA aura usI samayase digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroMmeM vidveSakA vaha bIja vizeSa rUpase boyA gayA jisase Age calakara bar3e bar3e viSayamaya phala utpanna hue / pichale digambara-zvetAmbara sAhityakA parizramapUrvaka parizIlana karanese isa ghaTanAkA nizcita samaya bhI mAlUma ho sakatA hai; aura hamArA anumAna hai ki donoM orake pramANoMse vaha samaya eka hI tthhregaa| 11-mugala bAdazAha akabarake samayameM hIravijaya sUri nAmake eka suprasiddha zvetAmbarAcArya hue haiM / akabara unheM guruvat mAnatA thA / saMskRta aura gujarAtImeM unake sambandhameM bIsoM grantha likhe gaye haiN| ina granthoM meM likhA hai ki " hIravijayajIne mathurAse lauTate hue gopAcala ( gvAliyara ) kI bAvana-gajI bhavyAkRti mUrtike darzana kiye / " aura yaha mUrti digambara sampradAyakI hai, isameM koI sandeha nhiiN| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki bAdazAha akabara ke samaya taka bhI donoM sampradAyoMmeM mUrti-sambandhI virodha tIvra nahIM thaa| usa samaya zvetAmbara sampradAyake AcArya taka nama mUrtiyoMke darzana kiyA karate the| 12---tapAgacchake zvetAmbara muni zIlavijayajIne vi0 saM0 1731-32 meM dakSiNake tamAma jaina tIrthokI vandanA kI thI jisakA varNana unhoMne apanI tIrtha mAlA ( gujarAtI ) meM kiyA hai| usase mAlUma hotA hai ki unhoMne jainabadrI, mUDabidrI, kArakala, hUmaca-padmAvatI Adi tamAma digambara tIrthoM aura dUsare mandiroMkI bhaktibhAvase vandanA kI thii| bar3e utsAhase ve pratyeka sthAnakI aura mUrtiyoM kI prazaMsA karate dekhe jAte haiM / isase bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya bhI 1 pUrvokta padmanandikI hI ziSyaparamparAmeM eka padmanandi bhaTTAraka aura hue haiM jinhoMne zavaMjaya parvatake digambara mandirakI pratiSThA saMvat 1686 meM karAI thii|--dekho janamitra bhAga 22, aMka 15 / 2 dekho, 'dakSiNake tIrthakSetra' zIrSaka lekha pR0 223-38

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tIrthoke jhagar3oMpara aitihAsika dRSTise vicAra 247 zvetAmbara sAdhu nagnamUrtiyoMkA burI dRSTise nahIM dekhate the aura unakA apane sampradAyakI mUrtiyoMke hI samAna Adara karate the / 13-aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki digambara aura zvetAmbara pratimAoMmeM bheda ho jAne ke bAda bhI bahuta samaya taka digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM meM mitratA banI rahI hai / bahuta samaya taka isa khayAlake loga bhI donoM sampradAyoMmeM bane rahe haiM ki eka dUsareke dharma-kAryoMmeM bAdhA nahIM DAlanI cAhie aura donoMko apane apane vizvAsake anusAra pUjA arcA karane denA hI sajanatA hai / anusandhAna karanese isake bhI aneka pramANa mila sakate haiM / ___ ka-zatrujaya aura AbUke parvatopara zvetAmbara mandiroMke bIcoM bIca digambara mandiroMkA Astitva aba bhI isa bAtakI sAkSI de rahA hai ki usa samayake vaibhavasampanna aura samartha zvetAmbarI bhI yaha nahIM cAhate the ki ina tIrthopara hama hI hama raheM, digambarI nahIM Ane pAveM / kha-gandhAra ( bharoMca ) eka prasiddha bandaragAha thA / vahA~ eka purAnA digambara mandira thA / jaba vaha gira gayA aura usakI jagaha nayA zvetAmbara mandira banavAyA gayA, taba vahA~ke zvetAmbara bhAiyona digambara pratimAoMko eka judA devakulikA ( devalI) meM sthApita kara diyaa| yaha devakulikA aba bhI maujUda hai| ga-bihAra zarIphameM abase koI 30 varSa pahale eka jaina mandira hamane svayaM dekhA hai jisake adhikArI zvetAmbara haiM / usameM eka ora digambarI vedikA bhI hai aura usameM jo mUrtiyA~ haiM, unakA darzana pUjana digambarI bhAI kiyA karate haiN| gha-orieNTala kAleja lAhaurake pro0 banArasIdAsa jI ema 0 e 0 se kucha samaya pahale mAlUma huA thA ki lAhaurake eka jainamandirameM donoM sampradAyoMkI mRtiyA~ do pRthak pRthak vedikAoMmeM thIM aura kucha hI varSa hue aba donoMke bIcameM dIvAra cinavA dI gaI hai / Ga-pUnA zahara meM eka hI ahAteke bhItara digambara aura zvetAmbara mandira aba taka haiN| ___ ca-gvAliyara rAjyake zivapurakalA~ nAmaka sthAnameM eka digambara mandira aisA hai jisameM 7-8 zvetAmbara mUrtiyA~ haiM aura eka zvetAmbara mandira aisA hai jisameM 7-8 digambarI mUrtiyA~ haiM / pahale donoM mandiroMmeM donoM sampradAyake loga jAte the; parantu aba kevala bhAdoM sudI 10 ko dhUpa kheneke lie jAyA karate haiM /

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248 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa cha-yApanIyasaMgha digambara zvetAmbaroMke atirikta eka tIsarA hI jaina-sampradAya thA / siddhAnta-dRSTi se yaha zvetAmbara sampradAyase adhika milatA julatA thA, parantu isa saMghake anuyAyI nagna mUrtiyoMkI hI sthApanA-pUjA kiyA karate the| yaha saMgha aba lupta ho gayA hai parantu dakSiNameM aneka sthAnoMmeM aba bhI isa saMghakI nagna mUrtiyA~ milatI haiM / belagA~vake ' doDDavasti' nAmaka jaina-mandirameM neminAtha tIrthakarakI eka mUrti hai, jise yApanIya saMghake eka zrAvakane za0 saM0 935 meM pratiSThita karAI thii| yaha mUrti nagna hai aura ise aba digambara zrAvaka hI pUjate haiM / isase bhI yahI anumAna hotA hai ki pahale zvetAmbara sampradAyakI pratimAyeM bhI nama banAI jAtI hoNgii| jaina sAdhuoMke lie vastra-dhAraNakA sarvathA niSedha yApanIya sampradAyameM bhI nahIM thA aura zvetAmbara sampradAyake samAna strI mukti aura kevali-bhuktiko bhI vaha mAnatA thaa| 14-akasara digambarI bhAiyoMkI orase yaha akSepa kiyA jAtA hai ki zvetAmbarI bhAI digambarI mandiroM aura pratimAoMpara adhikAra kara liyA karate haiM; aura yahI AkSepa zvetAmbariyoMkI orase digambariyoMpara kiyA jAtA hai| yaha AkSepa bahuta aMzoMmeM saccA hai; parantu isa AkSepake pAtra donoM hI sampradAyavAle haiM / isa viSayameM koI bhI sampradAya nirdoSa nahIM hai / sampradAya-moha cIja hI aisI hai ki vaha bhinna sampradAyavAloMke sAtha udAratAkA vyavahAra karanemeM saMkucita hue binA nahIM raha sakatA / isake sambandhameM bhI aneka udAharaNa mila sakate haiM ka-zraddheya muni jinavijayajIse mAlUma huA ki suprasiddha tIrtha rikhabadevakA mukhya mandira digambara sampradAyakA hai; parantu usapara adhikAra zvetAmbarI bhAiyoMkA hai| kha-rozana muhallA Agareke suprasiddha zvetAmbara mandira (cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha) kI mUlanAyakakI mUrti digambara sampradAyakI hai / (dekho jainazAsana varSa 1) / 15-jaba koI pUchatA hai ki amuka tIrthapara vAstavika adhikAra kisakA hai, to maiM kaha diyA karatA hU~ ki donoMkA / donoM se cAhe jo pIchekA ho para usakA adhikAra pahalevAlese kama nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA / balki usapara to aise jainetara logoMkA bhI adhikAra hai jo jinadevapara zraddhA-bhakti rakhate haiM aura unakA bhaktibhAvase-pUjana vandana karate haiM / jaba donoM hI sampradAyavAle jinadevoM

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tIrthoke jhagar3oMpara aitihAsika dRSTise vicAra 249 aura siddhoMke upAsaka haiM aura upAsanA karanA kisIkI jamIMdArIkA koI kheta jotanA yA phasala kATa lenA nahIM hai, taba unakA adhikAra kama yA jyAdA ThaharAyA hI kaise jA sakatA hai ? kucha loga purAne dastAveja aura tamassuka peza karake apanA adhikAra siddha karanekA prayatna kiyA karate haiM; aura sambhava hai unase unakA adhikAra siddha bhI hotA ho, parantu kyA unase yaha prazna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki una dastAvejoMse pahale bhI to ye donoM sampradAya the aura taba kyA inase pahaleke pramANa-patroMkA tumhAre pratipakSIke pAsa honA sambhava nahIM hai ? aura yaha siddha karanA to bAkI hI raha jAyagA ki una dastAvejoM ke likhanevAle zAsakoMko vaise kisI sArvajanika dharmasthAnake sambandhameM dastAveja likha denekA adhikAra thA yA nhiiN| yaha sambhava aura svAbhAvika hai ki kisI samayapara kisI sampradAyavAloMkA aihika vaibhava aura prabhAva bar3ha gayA ho aura usa samaya unake samIpake tIrthakA prabandha unake hAthameM A gayA ho aura kisI samaya unake badale dUsaroMke pAsa calA gayA ho / parantu isase yaha siddha nahIM ho sakatA ki usa tIrthakA vAstavika adhikArI amuka sampradAya hI thaa| Upara upadeza-taraMgiNI granthakA jo avataraNa diyA gayA hai, usase mAlUma hotA hai ki saMghavI dhArAkake samayameM giranAra tIrthapara 50 varSase digambariyoMkA adhikAra thA aura pIche Ama rAjAkI kRpAse zAyada vahI adhikAra zvetAmbIrayoMke hAthameM calA gyaa| isI tarahakA eka ullekha tAraMgA siddhakSetrake sambandhameM 'kumArapAla pratibodha' nAmaka zvetAmbara granthameM bhI milatA hai / yaha grantha somaprabhasUrikA banAyA huA hai aura 'gAyakavAr3a orieNTala sIrIja meM prakAzita huA hai / isakI racanAkA samaya vikrama saMvat 1241 hai| isameM Arya khapuTAcAryakI kathAmeM likhA hai ki "pahale usane parvatake samIpa tArI nAmakI bauddha devIkA mandira banavAyA; isa kAraNa isa tIrthako tArApura kahate haiN| isake bAda usIne phira vahIMpara siddhAyikA (jainadevI) kA mandira banavAyA / parantu kAlavazase use digambariyoMne le liyaa| aba vahIMpara ( kumArapAla rAjA kahate haiM ) mere Adezale jasadevake putra daMDAdhipa 1 tAraMgA parvatakI talaiTIse uttarakI aura lagabhaga Der3ha mIlakI dUrIpara tArAdevIkI mUti aba bhI maujUda hai aura usapara bauddhoMkI eka prasiddha gAthA likhI huI hai /

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250 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa abhayakI dekharekhameM ajita jinendrakA U~cA mandira banavAyA gayA hai / " isase mAlUma hotA hai ki kumArapAla rAjAke samaya taka samUce tAraMgA tIrthapara yA kamase kama siddhAyikA devIke mandirapara digambariyoMkA adhikAra thaa| tAraMgA parvatakI koTi-zilApara eka vedI hai| usakI eka pratimApara aba bhI saMvat 1190 kI vaizAkha sudI 9 kA siddharAja jayasiMhake samayakA lekha hai jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya, arthAt kumArapAla mahArAjake mandiranirmANake pahale, vahA~para digambariyoM ke mandira aura pratimAe~ thIM aura kumArapAlapratibodhake kathanAnusAra sambhava hai ki parvatapara digambariyoMkA hI adhikAra ho / isI taraha pAvAgar3hapara isa samaya sampUrNa adhikAra digambariyoMkA hai; parantu parvatake Upara kaI aisa mandiroMke khaNDahara par3e hue haiM jo zvetAmbara sampradAyake haiM aura kisI samaya ukta pAvAgar3ha zvetAmbara sampradAyakA bhI prasiddha tIrtha thA / vahA~ suprasiddha maMtrI tejapAlakA banavAyA huA 'sarvatobhadra' nAmakA eka vizAla mandira thaa| kadambavaMzI rAjAoMke jo tAmrapatra prakAzita hue haiM, unameMse dUsare tAmrapatra meM zvetAmbara mahAzramaNasaMgha aura digambara mahAzramaNasaMghake upabhogake lie kAlavaGga nAmaka grAmake denekA ullekha hai| yaha sthAna karnATaka pradezameM dhAravAr3a jileke AsapAsa kahIMpara hai / avazya hI usa samaya vahA~para koI zvetAmbara saMghakA bhI sthAna tIrthAdi hogA / parantu bahuta samayase usa ora zvetAmbarI bhAiyoMkA eka tarahase abhAva hI hai, isa kAraNa ukta sthAna yA to naSTa-bhraSTa ho gayA hogA yA digambariyoMke adhikArameM hogaa| 1-kumArapAla mahArAjakA yaha vizAla mandira aba bhI vartamAna hai / 2-tArAi buddhadevIi maMdiraM, teNa kAriyaM putvaM / Asannagirammi tao, bhannai tArAuraM ti imo // teNeva tattha pacchA, bhavaNaM siddhAiyAi kAraviyaM / taM puNa kAlavaseNa, diyaMvarehiM pariggahiyaM / / tattha mamAeseNaM, ajiyajiNiMdassa maMdiraM tuMgaM / daMDAhivaabhaeNaM jasadevasueNa nimmaviyaM / / 3-dekho jainamitra bhAga 22, aMka 12 / 4-ina tAmrapatroMkA vivaraNa dekhI jainahitaiSI bhAga 14, aMka 7-8 /

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jaMbudIva-paNNatti jainasAhityameM karaNAnuyogake granthoMkI eka samaya bahuta pradhAnatA rahI hai| jina graMthoM meM Urdhvaloka, adholoka, aura madhyalokakA; cAroM gatiyoMkA, aura yugoMke parivartana AdikA varNana rahatA hai, ve saba grantha karaNAnuyogake ' antargata samajhe jAte haiN| Ajakala kI bhASAmeM hama jainadharmake karaNAnuyogako eka tarahase bhUgola aura khagola-zAstrakI samaSTi kaha sakate haiM / digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoMmeM isa viSayake saikar3oM grantha haiM aura unameM adhikAMza bahuta prAcIna haiM / isa viSayapara jaina lekhakoMne jitanA adhika likhA hai utanA zAyada hI saMsAraka kisI sampradAyake lekhakoMne likhA hA / paramparAse yaha vizvAsa calA AtA hai ki ina saba parokSa aura daravartI kSetroM yA padArthoMkA varNana sAkSAt sarvajJa bhagavAnane apanI divya dhvanimeM kiyA thaa| jAna par3atA hai ki isI aTala zraddhAke kAraNa isa prakArake sAhityakI itanI adhika vRddhi huI aura hajAroM varSa taka yaha jainadharmake sarvajJapraNIta honekA akATya pramANa samajhA jAtA rahA / hiMduoMke paurANika bhU-varNanako par3hanese aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki do DhAI hajAra barasa pahale bhAratake prAyaH sabhI saMpradAyavAloMkA pRthvIke AkAra prakAra aura dvIpa-samudra-parvatAdike sambandhameM karIba karIba isI prakArakI dhAraNAyeM thIM, jisa prakArakI jainadharmake karaNAnuyogameM pAI jAtI haiM / pRthvI thAlIke samAna gola aura capaTI hai, usameM aneka dvIpa aura samudra haiM, dvIpake bAda samudra aura samudrake bAda dvIpa, isa prakAra krama calA gayA hai; jambUdvIpake bIcameM nAbhike tulya sumeru parvata hai, ityAdi / parantu pIcheke AryabhaTTa, bhAskarAcArya Adi mahAna jyotiSiyoMne pUrvokta vicAroM ko bilakula hI badala DAlA / isakA phala yaha huA ki isa 1 lokAlokavibhaktaryugaparivRttezcaturgatInAM ca / Adarzamiva yathAmatiravaiti karaNAnuyogaM ca / / -ratnakaraNDa zrA0

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252 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa - - - - - - viSayakA jo prAraMbhika hindU sAhitya thA usakA bar3hanA to dUra rahA, vaha dhIre dhIre kSINa hotA gayA aura idhara cU~ki jaina vidvAnoMkA vizvAsa thA ki yaha sAkSAt sarvajJa-praNIta hai, ataeva ve ise bar3hAte hI cale gye| ___ yaha karaNAnuyogakA varNana kevala isa viSayake svataMtra granthoMmeM hI nahIM hai, isane prathamAnuyoga yA kathAnuyogAdike granthoMkA bhI bahuta adhika sthAna rokA hai / digambara saMpradAyake mahApurANa, harivazapurANa, padmapurANAdi pradhAna pradhAna purANoMmeM tathA anya caritra-granthoM meM bhI yaha khUba vistArake sAtha likhA gayA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAyake kathA-granthoMkA bhI yahI hAla hai / balki usake to Agama-granthoM meM bhI isakI vipulatA hai / bhagavatI sUtra ( vyAkhyAprajJapti ) Adi aMga aura jambUdvIpaprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti Adi upAMga grantha karaNAnuyogake hI varNanase labAlaba bhare hue haiN| digambara saMpradAyameM isa viSayakA sabase prAcIna grantha loka-vibhAga hai aura usa ke bAdakA 'tiloyapaNNatti' ( trilokaprajJapti ) / ina donoM granthoMkA paricaya hama anyatra de cuke haiM / isa lekhameM hama jaMbudIvapaNNattikA paricaya denA cAhate haiM / isI nAmakA aura eka grantha mAthurasaghAnvayI amitagati AcAryakA bhI kahA jAtA hai / amitagatine candraprajJapti aura sArddhadvayadvIpaprajJapti nAmaka grantha bhI isI viSayapara likhe the| parantu ye tInoM hI abhItaka upalabdha nahIM haiM / jaMbudIvapaNNatti nAmakA eka grantha zvetAmbara saMpradAyakA bhI hai / isakA saMkalana karanevAle gaNadhara sudharmAsvAmI kahe jAte haiM / yaha chahA upAMga hai aura Agama-zailIse likhA huA hai / digambarasampradAyakI jaMbudIvapaNNattikI do pratiyA~ hamane dekhI haiM; eka svargIya dAnavIra zeTa mANikacandrajIke caupATIke grantha-bhANDArameM hai aura dUsarI pUneke bhANDArakara orienTala risarca insTiTayUTameM / pahalI prati sAvana vadi 12 saM0 1960 kI likhI huI hai aura yaha seThajIne ajamerase likhavAkara ma~gavAI thii| dUsarI pratipara usake likhe jAnekA samaya nahIM diyA hai; parantu vaha kucha prAcIna mAlUma hotI hai| 1 isakI zlokasaMkhyA 4146 hai / murzidAbAdake rAya dhanapatisiMha bahAdurake dvArA yaha vAcanAcArya rAmacandragaNikRta saMskRtaTIkA aura Rpi cadramANajIkRta bhASATIkAsahita chapa cukA hai|

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jaMbUdIva paNNatti DaoN0 0 e0 ena0 upAdhyeke anusAra isakI bhASA saurasenI prAkRta hai / yaha grantha gAthAbaddha hai | isameM 13 uddeza yA adhyAya, 2427 gAthAyeM aura bharata, airAvata, pUrva videha, uttara videha, devakuru, uttarakuru, lavaNasamudra, jyotiSapaTala AdikA varNana hai / varNana trilokaprajJaptikI apekSA kucha saMkSipta hai / 253 isake kartAkA nAma siripa umagaMdi yA zrIpadmanandi hai / ve apanI guruparamparA isa prakAra batalAte haiM -- varinandi, balanandi, aura padmanandi / apane lie unhoMne guNagaNakalita, tridaNDarahita, trizalyaparizuddha, trigAsvarahita, siddhAntapAragAmI, tapa-niyama-yoga-yukta, jJAnadarzanacAritrayukta aura ArambhakaraNarahita vizeSaNa diye haiM / unhoMne apane guruoM ke bhI jJAna aura tapa Adi kI prazaMsA kI hai / unhoMne zrIvijaya guruke nikaTa jinavadanavinirgata suparizuddha Agamako zravaNa karake, unake hI kRpAmAhAtmyase isa granthakI racanA kI hai / ve vijayagurukA vizeSa paricaya nahIM dete, isase unakI guruparamparApara koI prakAza nahIM par3atA / mAghanandI nAmake eka aura vikhyAta AcArya the jo rAga-dveSa-mohase rahita, zrutasAgara ke pAragAmI, pragalbha matimAn, aura tapaH saMyama saMpanna the / unake ziSya sakalacandra guru hue, jo niyamoM aura zIlakA pAlana karate the, guNI the aura siddhAnta mahodadhimeM jinhoMne apane pApoM ko dho DAlA thA / inhIM ke ziSya nendiguruke lie -- jo samyagdarzana - jJAna - cAritrya sampanna the - -yaha grantha banAyA gayA / AcArya padmanandi jisa samaya bArAnagara meM the, usa samaya yaha grantha racA gayA hai / isa nagarakI prazaMsA meM likhA hai ki usameM vApikAyeM, tAlAba, aura bhuvana bahuta the, bhinna bhinna prakArake logoM se vaha bharA huA thA, bahuta hI ramya thA, dhanadhAnyase paripUrNa thA, samyagdRSTijanoMse, muniyoM ke samUhase, aura jaina maMdiroMse vibhUSita thA / yaha nagara pAriyatta ( pAriyAtra ) nAmaka dezake antargata thA / bArA nagarake prabhu yA rAjAkA nAma zakti yA zAnti thA / vaha samyagdarzanazuddha, vratI, zIlasampanna, dAnI, jinazAsanavatsala, vIra, guNI, kalAkuzala aura narapatisaMpUjita thA / AcArya hemacandrane apane koSa meM likhA hai- -" uttaro vindhyAtpAriyAtraH arthAt vindhyAcalake uttara meM pAriyAtra hai / yaha pAriyAtra zabda parvatavAcI aura pradezavAcI bhI hai / vindhyAcalakI parvatamAlAkA pazcima bhAga jo narmadA taTase zurU 1 pUnekI pratimeM santi (zAnti) aura bambaI kI pratImeM satti (zakti) pATha hai " 1

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254 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa hokara khaMbhAtataka jAtA hai aura uttara bhAga jo arbalIkI parvatazreNItaka gayA hai pAriyAtra kahalAtA hai / ataH pUrvokta bArAnagara isI bhUbhAgake antargata honA cAhie / rAjapUtAneke koTA rAjyameM eka bArA nAmakA kasabA hai / jAna par3atA hai ki vahI bArAnagara hogaa| kyoMki vaha pAriyAtra dezakI sImAke bhItara hI AtA hai| nandisaMghakI paTTAvalIke anusAra bArAmeM eka bhaTTArakoMkI gaddI bhI rahI hai aura usameM vi0 saM0 1144 se 1206 takake 12 AcAryoM ke nAma diye haiN| isase bhI jAna par3atA hai ki sambhavataH ye saba AcArya padmanandi yA mAghanandikI hI ziSyaparamparAmeM hue hoMge aura yahI bArA ( koTA) jambUdIpaprajJaptika nirmita honekA sthAna hogaa| jJAnaprabodha nAmaka padyabaddha bhASAgranthameM kundakundAcAryakI eka kathA dI hai / usameM kundakundako isI bArApura yA bArAke dhanI kundazreSThI aura kundalatAkA putra batalAyA hai| pATakoMse yaha bAta ajJAta na hogI ki kundakundakA eka nAma padmanandi bhI hai / jAna par3atA hai ki jambUdvIpaprajJaptike kartA padmanandiko hI bhramavaza kundakundAcArya samajhakara jJAnaprabodhake kartA karnATaka dezake kundakundakA janma-sthAna bArI batalA baiThe haiM / para isase yaha bAta bahuta kucha nizcita ho jAtI hai ki koTA rAjyake isI bArAmeM yaha grantha nirmita huA hai| ___ zAnti yA zakti rAjAko narapatisaMpUjita likhA hai, aura sAtha hI 'bArAnagarasya prabhuH' kahA hai| parantu usakA vaMza Adi nahIM batalAyA hai, jisase rAjagRtAneke itihAsameM kucha patA lagAyA jA sake aura usase padmanandi AcAryakA nizcita samaya mAlUma kiyA jA sake / padmanandine apane saMgha, gaNa, anvaya AdikA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA, isase bhI unakA samaya nirNaya karanA kaThina ho gayA hai / isa viSayameM unakI guruparamparA aura zrInandikI guruparamparA bhI --- jinake nimitta yaha grantha banAyA gayA--hameM koI sahAyatA nahIM detI / padmanandi nAmake aneka AcArya ho gaye haiM parantu unameM aisA koI nahIM jAna par3atA jisake guru balanandi aura praguru vIranandi hoN| isI taraha zrInandi bhI aise koI nahIM mile jinake guru sakalacandra aura 1 dekhI jainasiddhAntabhAskara kiraNa 4 aura iMDiyana eNTikverIkI 20 vIM jilda / 2 sunA hai ki bArAmeM padmanandikI koI niSidyA bhI hai|

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255 jaMbUdIva paNNatti pragurU mAghanandi hoM / phira bhI yaha grantha hamAre anumAnase kAphI prAcIna hai aura usa samayakA hai jaba prAkRta meM hI grantha-racanA karane kI praNAlI adhika thI, jaba saMgha, gaNa Adi bheda adhika rUr3ha nahIM hue the / aura granthake antaraMgakI acchI tarahase jA~ca karane se saMbhava hai, isa viSaya meM kucha adhika prakAza par3a sake / isa granthameM bhagavAn mahAvIrake bAdakI AcArya - paramparA isa prakAra dI haivipulAcalake U~ce zikharapara virAjamAn varddhamAn jinendra gautamamuniko pramANanayasaMyukta artha kahA / unhoMne lohArthako aura lohAryane, jinakA nAma sudharmA bhI hai, jambUsvAmIko kahA / ye tInoM gaNadhara, guNasamagra aura nirmala cAra jJAnake dhArI the / ye kevalajJAnako prApta karake mokSako prApta hue / inake bAda nandi, nandimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu ye pA~ca puruSazreSTha caudaha pUrva aura bAraha aMgake dhAraka hue / inake bAda kramase vizAkhAcArya, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAga, siddhArtha, dhRtipeNa, vijaya, buddhila, gaMgadeva aura dharmasena, ye dasa pUrvadhArI hue / phira nakSatra, yazaHpAla, pANDu, dhruvasena, aura kaMsa ye pA~ca gyAraha aMgake dhAraka hue / inake bAda subhadra, yazobhadra, yazobAhu aura antima loha ( lohAcArya ) ye AcArAMga ke dhAraka hue / isa paramparAse yaha eka vizeSa bAta mAlUma huI ki sudharmAsvAmI kA dUsarA nAma lohArya bhI thA / lohArya nAmake eka aura bhI AcArya hue haiM jo AcArAMgadhArI the | unheM dUsare lohAcArya samajhanA cAhie | zravaNabelagolakI candraguptavastike zilAlekha ke 'mahAvIrasavitari parinirvRte bhagavatparamarpi- gautama gaNadhara sAkSAcchiSyalohArya - jambu --- XX' Adi vAkya meM jo lohAryako gautamagaNadharakA sAkSAt ziSya likhA hai, usakA bhI isase khulAsA ho jAtA hai / abhItaka isa bAtakA spaSTa ullekha kahIM bhI nahIM milA thA ki sudharmAsvAmI kA dUsarA nAma lohArya thA / isa parapamparAmeM aura trilokaprajJaptikI paramparA meM koI antara nahIM hai / AcArya guNabhadrakRta uttara-purANa, brahma hemacandrakRta zrutaskandha, aura indranandrikRta zrutAvatArameM bhI bilakula yahI paramparA dI huI hai / parantu harivaMzapurANa, nandisaMghabalAtkAragaNa-sarasvatIgacchakI prAkRta paTTAvalI, senagaNakI paTTAvalI aura kASThAsaMghakI paTTAvalI meM nandikI jagaha viSNu nAma milatA hai / isake sivAya nandisaMghakI 1 dekho, jainasiddhAntabhAskara kiraNa 1

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pUrvokta paTTAvalI meM aura kASThAsaMghakI paTTAvalI meM yazobAhuke sthAna meM bhadrabAhu nAma hai / jAna par3atA hai nandikA pUrA nAma viSNunandi hogA aura vahI kahIM nandi aura kahIM viSNurUpameM likha diyA gayA hai / isI taraha yazobAhukA nAmAntara bhadrabAhu hogA / 256 lohAcArya takakI yaha guruparamparA digambara saMpradAya meM eka-sI mAnI jAtI hai / isameM koI matabheda nahIM hai / parantu zvetAmbara sampradAya meM jambUsvAmI ke bAda jo paramparA mAnI jAtI hai, vaha isase sarvathA bhinna hai / jaMbudIvapaNattikA Adi aura aMtakA kucha bhAga nIce diyA jAtA haidevAsuriMdamahide dasaddharUNa kammaparihINe / kevalaNANAloe saddhammuvaesa aruhe || 1 avikammarahie aTTaguNasamaNide mahAvIre | loyaggatilayabhUde sAsayahasaMdei siddhe || 2 || paMcAcArasamagge paMceMdriyANijjide vigahamohe | paMcamahavvayaNilae paMcamagaiNAyaNAyarie || 3 // parasamaya timiradalaNe paramAgamadesae uvajjhAe / paramaguNarayaNaNivahe paramAgamabhAvide vIre // 4 // NANAguNatavaNirae sasamayasambhAvagAhiyaparamatthe / bahuvijogajjute je loe savva sAhugaNe // 5 // te vaMdiUNa sirasA vocchAmi jahAkameNa jiNadihaM / AyariyaparaMparA paNattiM dIvajaladhINaM // 6 // * * * viulagirituMgasihare jiniMdaIdeNa vaDDhamANeNa / godamaNissa kahidaM pamANaNayasaMjudaM atthaM // 9 // teNa vi lohajassa ya lohajeNa ya sudhammaNAmeNa / gaNadharasudhammaNA khalu jaMbUNAmassa NiddihaM // 10 // cadura malabuddhisahide tine gaNadhera guNasamagge / kevalaNANapaIve siddhiM patte NamaMsAmi // 11 // gaMdI ya dimitto avarAjidamuNivaro mahAteo / govaNo mahappA mahAguNo bhaddabAhU ya || 12 ||

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jaMbUdIva paNNatti paMcede purisavarA caudasapuvvI havaMti NAyavvA / bArasa aMgadharA khalu vIrajigiMdassa NAyavvA // 13 // taha ya visAkhAyario pohillo khattio ya jayaNAmo / gAgo siddhatyo viya dhidiseNo vijayaNAmo ya || 14 || buddhila-gaMgadevo dhammaseNo ya hoi pacchimao / pAraMpareNa ede dasapuvvadharA samakkhAdA || 15 // kkhatto jasapAla paMDU dhuvaseNa-kaMsa- Ayario / aiyArasa aMgadharA paMcajaNA hoMti giTThiA / / 16 / / NAmeNa subhaddamuNI jasabhaddo taha ya hoi jasabAhU | AyAradharA geyA apacchimo lohaNAmo ya // 17 // AyariyaparaMparayA sAyaradIvANa taha ya paNNattI / saMkheveNa samatthaM vocchAmi jahANupuvvI // 18 // * * parameTThibhAsidatthaM udghAghotiriyaloyasaMbaMdhaM / jaMbUdIvaNibaddhaM puvvAvara dosaparihINaM || 140 || gaNadhara deveNa puNo atthaM laddhUNa gaMthidaM gaMthaM / akkharapadasaMkhejaM anaMtasatthehiM saMjuttaM // 141 // AyariyaparaMpareNa ya gaMthatthaM ceva AgayaM sammaM / uvasaMharIya lihiyaM samAsado iha ya NAyavvaM // 142 // gANAravaimahido vigayabhao saMgabhaMgaummukkA | sammaddaMsaNasuddhA saMjama-tava-sIla - saMpuSNo // 143 // jiNavara- vayaNa viNiggayaparamAgamadesao mahAsatto / siriNilao guNasahio sirivijayaguru tti vikkhAo / / 144 // soUNa tassa pAse jiNavayaNaviNiggayaM amadabhUdaM / raidaM kiMcudde se atthapadaM taha va laNaM || 145 | * aha tiriya uDDhaloesu tesu je hoMti bahuviyappA du | sirivijayassa mahappA te savve vaNNidA kiMci // 153 // 257 1 eyArasaMgadhArI' bhI pATha hai / 2 ' kiMciddasaM ' bhI hai / , 6 1 17

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258 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa gayarAyadosamoho sudasAyarapArao mai-pagabbho / tavasaMjamasaMpaNNo vikkhAo mAghaNaMdigurU / / 154 / / tasseva ya varasisso siddhaMtamahodahimmi dhuyakaluso / NavaNiyamasIlakalido guNa utto sayalacaMdagurU // 155 // tasseva ya varasisso nnimmlvrnnaanncrnnsNjutto| sammaiMsaNasuddho siriNadiguru tti vikkhAo / / 156 // tassa NimittaM lihiyaM jaMbUdIvassa tahaya paNNattI / jo paDhai suNai edaM so gacchai uttamaM ThANaM // 157 // paMcamahavvayasuddho daMsaNasuddho ya nnaannsNjutto| saMjamatavaguNasahido rAgAdivivajido dhIro // 158 / / paMcAcArasamaggo chajIvadayAvaro vigadamoho / harisa-visAya-vihUNo NAmeNa ya vIraNaMdi tti / / 159 / / tasseva ya varasisso suttatthaviyakkhaNo maipagabbho / paraparivAdaNiyatto NissaMgo savvasaMgesu / / 160 // sammattaabhigadamaNo NANe taha daMsaNe caritte ya / parataMtiNiyattamaNo balaNaMdi guru tti vikkhAo // 161 // tassa ya guNagaNakalido tidaMDarahido tisallaparisuddho / tiNi vi gAravarahido sisso siddhatagayapAro // 162 // tavaNiyamajogajutto ujjutto NANadaMsaNacaritte / AraMbhakaraNarahido NAmeNa ya paumaNaMdi tti / / 163 / / siriguruvijayasayAse soUNaM AgamaM muparisuddhaM / muNi-paumaNaMdiNA khalu lihiyaM eyaM samAseNa / / 164 / / sammadaMsaNasuddho kadavadakammo susiilsNpnnnno| aNavasyadANasIlo jiNasAsaNavacchalo dhIro / / 165 // NANAguNagaNakaliA NaravaisaMpUjio kalAkusalo / / vArANayarassa pahU Naruttamo sattibhUpAlo // 166 // 4 'raiyaM' pATha pUnekI pratimeM hai|

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jaMbudIva-paNNatti pokkharaNivAvi-paure bahubhavaNavihUsie paramaramme / NANAjaNasaMkiNe dhaNadhaNNasamAule divve / / 167 // sammAdihijaNoghe muNigaNaNivahehi maMDie ramme | desammi pAriyatte jiNabhavaNavihUsie divve // 168 // jaMbUdIvassa tahA paNNattI bahupayatthasaMjuttaM (ttaa)| lihiyaM (yA) saMkheveNaM vArAe acchamANeNa // 169 // chadumattheNa viraiyaM jaM kiMpi haveja pavayaNaviruddhaM / sodhaMtu sugIdatthA taM pavayaNavacchalattAe // 170 // viudha-vai-mauDa-maNigaNa-kara-salilasudhoyacArupayakamalaM / varapaumaNaMdiNamiyaM vIrajiNidaM NamaMsAmi // 176 // iya jaMbudIvapaNNattisaMgahe pamANaparicchedo NAma teraso uddeso sammatto // 13 //

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nATyakAra hastimalla digambara-jaina-sAhityameM hastimallakA eka vizeSa sthAna hai / kyoMki jahA~taka hama jAnate haiM rUpaka yA nATaka unake sivAya aura kisI di0 jainakavike nahIM mile haiN| zravya kAvya to bahuta likhe gaye parantu dRzya kAvyoMkI ora kisIkA dhyAna hI nahIM gayA / hastimalane sAhityake isa aMgako khUba puSTa kiyaa| unake likhe hue aneka sundara nATaka upalabdha haiN| vaMza-paricaya hastimallake pitAkA nAma govinda bhaTTa thaa| ve vatsagotrI brAhmaNa the aura dAkSiNAtya the / svAmI samantabhadrake devAgama-stotrako sunakara unhoMne mithyAtva chor3a diyA thA aura samyagdRSTi ho gaye the| unheM svarNayakSI nAmaka devIke prasAdase chaha putra utpanna hue -1 zrIkumAra kavi, 2 satyavAkya, 3 devaravallabha, 4 udayabhUSaNa, 5 hastimalla aura 6 vardhamAna / arthAt ve apane pitAke pA~caveM putra the / ye chahoMke chahoM putra kavIzvara the / isa taraha govinda bhaTTakA kuTumba atizaya suzikSita aura guNI thA / ___ sarasvatIsvayaMvaravallabha, mahAkavitalaja aura sUkti-ratnAkara unake biruda the| unake bar3e bhAI satyavAkyane unheM ' kavitAsAmrAjyalakSmIpati' kahakara unakI 1-govindabhaTTa ityAsIdvidvAnmithyAtvavarjitaH, devAgamanasUtrasya zrutyA saddarzanAnvitaH / anekAntyamataM tattvaM bahumene vidAMvaraH, nandanAtasya saMjAtA vardhitAkhilakovidAH / / dAkSiNAtyA jayantatra svarNayakSIprasAdataH, zrIkumArakaviH satyavAkyo devaravallabhaH / udyadbhaSaNanAmA ca hastimallAbhidhAnakAH, vardhamAnakavizceti SaDabhUvankavIzvarAH / / -vi0 kau0 2 asti kila sarasvatIsvayaMvaravallamena bhaTTAragovindasanunA hastimalanAmnA mahAkavitallajena viracitaM vikrAntakauravaM nAma rUpakamiti / -vi. kau0

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nATyakAra hastimalla 261 sUktiyoMkI bahuta hI prazaMsA kI hai / rAjAvalI kathAke karttAne unheM ubhayabhASAkavi-cakravartI likhA hai| hastimalane vikrAntakauravake antameM jo prazasti dI hai, usameM unhoMne samantabhadra, zivakoTi, zivAyana, vIrasena, jinasena aura guNabhadrakA ullekha karake kahA hai ki unakI ziSya-parasparAmeM asaMkhya vidvAn hue aura phira govinda bhaTTa hue jo devAgamako sunakara samyagdRSTi hue / parantu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki ve ukta muniparamparAke koI sAdhu yA muni the| jaisI ki jainagranthakartAoMkI sAdhAraNa paddhati hai, unhoMne guruparamparAkA ullekha karake apane pitAkA paricaya diyA hai| hastimala svaya bhI gRhastha the / unake putra-pautrAdikA varNana brahmasUrine apane pratiSThAsAroddhArameM kiyA hai| svayaM brahmasUri bhI unake vaMzameM hue haiM / ve likhate haiM ki pANDaya dezameM guDipattanake zAsaka pANDaya narendra the, jo bar3e hI dharmAtmA, vIra, kalAkuzala aura paNDitoMkA sanmAna karanevAle the| vahA~ vRSabha tIrthakarakA ratna-suvarNajaTita sundara mandira thA, jisameM vizAkhanandi Adi vidvAn munigaNa rahate the / govinda bhaTTa yahIMke rahanevAle the / unake zrIkumAra Adi chaha putra the| hastimallake putrakA nAma pArzva paNDita thA jo apane pitAke hI samAna yazasvI, dharmAtmA aura zAstrajJa the / ye apane vaziSTha kAzyapAdi gotraja bAndhavoMke sAtha hoyasala dezameM jAkara rahane lage, jisakI rAjadhAnI chatratrayapurI thI / pArzva paMDitake candrapa, candranAtha aura vaijayya nAmaka tIna putra the| inameM candranAtha apane 1 kiM vINAguNajhaMkRtaiH kimathavA sAMDrairmadhusyandibhivibhrAmyatsahakArakorakazikhAkarNAvataMsairapi / paryAptAH zravaNotsavAya kavitAsAmrAjyalakSmIpate satyaM nastava hastimallasubhagAstAstAH sadAsUktayaH // -mai0 ka0 2 kanaDI AdipurANako puSpikAmeM kavine svayaM bhI ubhaya-bhASAkavicakravartI likhA hai-" ityubhayabhASAkavicakravartihastimallaviracitapUrvapurANamahAkathAyAM dazamaparvam / " 3 paravAdihastinAM siMho hastimallastadudbhavaH / gRhAzramI babhUvArhacchAsanAdiprabhAvakaH // 13 // 4 ke0 bhujabali zAstrIkA yaha anumAna hai ki chatratrayapurI zAyada dvArasamudra (halevIDu) ho| yaha hoysala rAjAoMkI rAjadhAnI rahI hai|

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa parivAra ke sAtha hemAcala ( honnUru ) meM apane parivArasahita jA base aura do bhAI anya sthAnoMko cale gaye | candrapake putra vijayendra hue aura vijayendra ke brahmasUri, jinake banAye hue trivarNAcAra aura pratiSThA - tilaka grantha upalabdha haiM / 262 kavike bhAI kavike jo pA~ca bhAI the, unase hama prAyaH aparicita haiM / satyavAkyako hastimalane ' zrImatI kalyANa ' Adi kRtiyoMkA karttA batalAyA hai, ' parantu unakA na to yaha grantha hI abhItaka prApta huA hai aura na anya koI grantha / nAmase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki zrImatI kalyANa bhI bahuta karake nATaka hogA / zrIkumAra kavikA ' Atma-prabodha' nAmakA eka grantha prakAzita ho cukA hai, parantu ve hastimallake hI bar3e bhAI haiM yA koI aura, isakA nirNaya nahIM ho sakA / varddhamAna kaviko kucha logoMne gagaratnamahodadhikA hI karttA samajha liyA hai parantu yaha bhrama hai / gaNaratna ke karttA zvetAmbara sampradAya ke haiM aura unhoMne siddharAja jayasiMha ( vi0 saM0 1151 - 1200 ) kI prazaMsA meM koI kAvya banAyA thA | digambara sampradAyapara unhoMne kaTAkSa bhI kiye haiM, aura ve hastimalase bahuta pahale hue haiM / 3 kavikA nAma hastilakA asalI nAma kyA thA, isakA patA nahIM calatA / yaha nAma to unheM eka matta hAthIko vaza meM karane ke upalakSya meM pANDya rAjAke dvArA prApta huA thA / usa samaya unakA rAjasabhA meM saikar3oM prazaMsA-vAkyoMse satkAra kiyA gayA thA / 1 evaM khalvasauM zrImatIkalyANaprabhRtInAM kRtInAM kartrA satyavAkyena sUktirasAvarjitacetasA jAyasA kanIyAnapyupazlokitaH / 2 -maiM0 0 kalyANa / 2 gaNaratnamahodadhikA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1997 haiM / 3 akalpitaprANasamAsamAgamA malImasAMgA dhRtabhaizyavRttayaH / nirgranthatAM tvatparipaMthino gatA jagatpate kiMtvajinAvalambinaH || -ga0 20 ma0 pR0 164 4 zrIvatsa gotrajana bhUSaNa gopabhaTTa premaikadhAmatanujo bhuvi hastiyuddhAt / nAnA kalAmbunidhipANDya mahezvareNa zlokaiH zataissadasi satkRtavAn babhUva || - vikrAnta kaurava

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nATyakAra hastimala isa hasti- yuddhakA ullekha kavine apane subhadrAharaNa nATaka meM bhI kiyA hai aura sAtha hI yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki koI dhUrta jaina munikA rUpa dhAraNa karake AyA thA aura usako bhI hastimalane parAsta kara diyA thA / pANDya mahIzvara hastimalane pANDyarAjAkA aneka jagaha ullekha kiyA hai / ve unake kRpApAtra the aura unakI rAjadhAnI meM apane vidvAn AptajanoM ke sAtha jA base the / rAjAne apanI sabhA meM unheM khUba hI sammAnita kiyA thA / ye pANDya mahIzvara apane bhujabalase karnATaka pradezapara zAsana karate the / kavine ina pANDya mahIzvarakA koI nAma nahIM diyA hai / sirpha itanA hI mAlUma hotA hai ki ve the to pANDyadezake rAjavaMzake, parantu karnATaka meM Akara rAjya karane lage the / dakSiNa karnATaka ke kArkala sthAnapara una dinoM pANDyavaMzakA hI zAsana thA / yaha rAjavaMza jainadharmakA anuyAyI thA aura isameM aneka vidvAn tathA kalAkuzala rAjA hue haiM / bhavyAnaMnda nAmaka subhASita granthake karttA bhI apaneko " , 263 1 samyaktvaM suparIkSitaM madagaje mukta saraNyApure cAsminpANDya mahezvareNa kapaTAddhantuM svamabhyAgate ( taM ) / zailUSaM jinamudradhAriNamapAsyAsau madadhvaMsinA lokanApi madebhamalla iti yaH prakhyAtavAnsUribhiH // 2 zrImatpANDya mahIzvare nijabhujAdaNDAvalambIkRtaM karnATA nimaMDalaM padanatAne kAvanIze'vati / tatprItyAnusaransvabandhuniva hai rvidvadbhirAtaissamaM jainAgArasameta saMtaranabhe ( ? ) zrIhastimo'vasat // - subhadrAharaNa -aMjanApavanaMjaya 3 bhavyAnanda zAstrakI eka prati ' ai0 pannAlAla sarasvatIbhavana' meM hai / yaha AtmAnuzAsana, bhartRharizatakake DhaMgakI sundara prasAdaguNayukta racanA hai / isameM nAgacandrakA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura isake AdhArapara paM0 ke0 bhujabalizAstrIne zaka saM0 1350 ke lagabhaga usakA nirmANa-kAla nizcita kiyA hai I

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264 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 'pANDayakSmApati' likhate haiM, koI vizeSa nAma nahIM dete / hamArI samajhameM ye hastimallake AzrayadAtA rAjAke hI vaMzake anantaravartI koI jaina rAjA the aura inhoMne hI zAyada za0 saM0 1353 ( vi0 saM0 1488 ) meM kArkalakI vizAla bAhubali pratimAkI pratiSThA karAI thii| pANDya mahIzvarakI rAjadhAnI mAlUma nahIM kahA~ thii| aMjanApavanajayake ' zrImatpANDyamahIzvareNa' Adi padyase to aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki saMtaranama yA saMtatagamai nAmaka sthAnameM hastimala apane kuTumbake sahita jA base the, isa lie yahI unakI rAjadhAnI hogI, yadyapi yaha patA nahIM ki yaha sthAna kahA~para thA / __ hAthIkA mada utArane kI ghaTanA * saraNyApura' nAmaka sthAnameM ghaTita huI thI aura vahA~kI rAjasabhAmeM hI unheM satkRta kiyA thaa| isa sthAnakA bhI koI patA nahIM hai / yA to yaha saMtatagamakA hI dUsarA nAma hogA yA phira kisI kAraNase pANDya rAjA hastimalla ke sAtha kahIM gaye hoMge aura vahA~ yaha ghaTanA ghaTI hogii| kavikA mUla nivAsasthAna brahmasUrine govinda bhaTTakA nivAsasthAna guDipattana batalAyA hai aura paM0 ke0 bhujabali zAstrIke anusAra yaha sthAna taMjaurakA dIpaMguDi nAmakA sthAna hai, jo pANDyadezameM hai| karnATakakA rAjya prApta hone para yA to ve svayaM hI yA unakA koI vaMzaja karnATakameM Akara rahane lagA hogA aura usIkI prItise hastimalla karnATakakI rAjadhAnImeM A base hoNge| __ brahmasUrike batalAye hue guDipattanakA hI ullekha hastimallane vikrAnta kauravakI prazastimeM dvIpaMguDi nAmase kiyA hai / usameM bhI vahA~ke vRSabha jinake mandirakA ullekha hai jinake pAdapITha yA siMhAsanapara pANDya rAjAke mukuTakI prabhA par3atI thii| vRSabhajinake ukta mandirako 'kuza-lavaracita ' arthAt rAmacandrake putra kuza aura lavake dvArA nirmita batalAyA hai / 1 dekho ke0 bhujabalizAstrIdvArA sampAdita prazastisaMgraha pR0 19 / 2 DA0 e0 en0 upAdhyene aJjanApavanaMjayakI do pratiyA~ dekhakara sUcanA dI hai ki eka pratimeM ' satagame' aura dUsarI pratimeM saMtatagabhe' pATha hai / pahale pAThase chandobhaMga hotA hai, isa lie dUsarA pATha ThIka mAlUma hotA hai /

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nATyakAra hastimalla 265 hastimallakA samaya ayyapArya nAmaka vidvAnane apane jinendrakalyANAbhyudaya nAmaka pratiSThApAThameM likhA hai ki maiMne yaha grantha vasunandi, indranandi, AzAdhara aura hastimala AdikI racanAoMkA sAra lekara likhA hai aura ukta grantha za0 saM0 1241 (vi0 saM0 1396 ) meM samApta huA thaa| ataeva hastimalla 1396 se pahale ho cuke the| __ brahmasUrine apanI jo vaMzaparamparA dI hai, usake anusAra hastimalla unake pitAmahake pitAmaha the / yadi eka eka pIr3hIke pacIsa pacIsa varSa gina liye jAya~, to hastimala unase lagabhaga sau varSa pahaleke haiM aura paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra brahmasUriko vikramakI pandrahavIM zatAbdikA vidvAn mAnate haiM, ataeva hastimalako vikramakI caudahavIM zatAbdikA vidvAn mAnanA cAhie / __ karnATaka-kavi-caritrake karttA aura0 narasiMhAcAryane hastimallakA samaya I0 san 1290 arthAt vi0 saM0 1347 nizcita kiyA hai, aura yaha ThIka mAlUma hotA hai| grantha-racanA hastimalake abhI taka cAra nATaka prApta hue haiM-- vikrAnta-kaurava, 2 bhaithilI. 1 zrImaddIpaMguDIzaH kuza-lavacitasthAnapUjyo vRSezaH syAdvAdanyAyacakrezvaragajavazakRddhastimallAhvayena / gadyaiH padyaiH prabandhainavarasabharitairAhato'yaM jinezaH pAyAnnaH pAdapIThasthalavikaTalasatpANDyamauliprabhaughaH // 14 // 2 yazcAzAdharahastimalakathito yazcaikasandhIritaH tebhyassvAhRtasAraAryaracitaH syAjainapUjAkramaH / / 19 / / 3 zAkAbdevidhuvedanetrahimage ( ? ) siddhArthasaMvatsare mAghe mAsi vizuddhapakSadazamIpuSyArkavora'hani / grantho rudrakumArarAjyaviSaye jainendrakalyANabhAk sampUrNo'bhavadekazailanagare zrIpAlabandhUrjitaH |-kaarNjaakii prati 4 dekho grantha-parIkSA tRtIya bhAga, pRSTha 8 /

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266 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kalyANa, 3 aMjanApavanaMjaya aura 4 subhadrAharaNa / inameMse pahale do prakAzita ho cuke haiM aura zeSa do zIghra hI prakAzita hoNge| __ inake sivAya 1 udayanarAja, 2 bharatarAja, 3 arjunarAja, aura 4 meghezvara ina cAra nATakoMkA ullekha aura milatA hai| inameMse arjunarAja subhadrAharaNakA hI dUsarA nAma mAlUma hotA hai| zeSa tIna nATaka dakSiNake bhaNDAroMmeM khoja karanese mila skeNge| 'pratiSThA-tilaka ' nAmakA eka aura grantha ArAke jainasiddhAntabhavanameM hai| yadyapi isa granthameM kahIM hastimallakA nAma nahIM diyA hai parantu ayyapAryane apane jinendra kalyANAbhyudayameM jina jinake pratiSThApAThoMkA sAra lekara apanA grantha racanekA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM hastimala bhI haiM / ataeva nizcayase hastimallakA eka pratiSThApATa hai aura vaha yahI hai / AdipurINa ( purucarita ) aura zrIpurANa nAmake do grantha kanar3I bhASAmeM bhI hastimalla ke banAye hue upalabdha haiM / saMskRtake samAna kanar3I bhASApara bhI unakA adhikAra thA aura zAyada isI kAraNa ve ubhayabhASAcakravartI kahalAte the / yadi unakA janmasthAna dIpaMguDi hai, jaisA ki brahmasUrine likhA hai to unakI mAtRbhASA tAmila hogI aura aisI dazAmeM kanar3Ipara bhI unhoMne saMskRtake samAna prayatnapUrvaka adhikAra prApta kiyA hogaa| 1 mi0 Aphregyake keTelAgsa keTalaoNgorama ' ( san 1891 lipajiga ) meM ina saba nATakoMkA ullekha AparTa sAhabakI -- lisTa Apha saMskRta menu0 ina sadarna iMDiyA ' ( jilda 1-2 san 1880-85 ) ke AdhArase kiyA gayA hai| yaha lisTa dakSiNa bhAratakI prAyaveTa lAyaberiyoMko dekhakara taiyAra kI gaI thI aura isa lie AparTa sAhabane usa samaya gRhapustakAlayoMmeM ina granthoMko svayaM dekhA hogA / 2 isa granthake zurUke 41 patra sA~galIke zrI guMDappA tavanApA AravADeke pAsa haiM aura unheM dekhakara DA0 upAdhyene abhI hAla hI 'hastimala eNDa hija AdipurANa' nAmaka aMgrejI lekha likhA hai / yaha grantha gadyameM hai aura isake pratyeka parvameM jo maMgalAcaraNa hai vaha jinasenake AdipurANakA hai| 3 mUDabidrI aura varAMgake jainamaThoMmeM isa granthakI hastalikhita pratiyA~ surakSita haiM /

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vAdicandrasUri PAtA hai ki vira aMkame kSatrita kiyA hama vAdicandrasUri apane jJAnasUryodaya nAmaka nATakake kAraNa bahuta prasiddha haiM / kRSNamizra yati nAmaka eka daNDI parivrAjakane bundelakhaMDake candelarAjA kIrtivarmAke samayameM 'prabodhacandrodaya' nAmaka nATakakI racanA kI thii| kahA jAtA hai ki vi0 saM0 1122 meM ukta rAjAke samakSa yaha nATaka khelA bhI gayA thaa| isake tIsare aMkameM kSapaNaka ( digambara jaina muni ) nAmaka pAtrako bahuta hI nindita aura ghRNita rUpameM citrita kiyA hai / vaha dekhane meM rAkSasa jaisA mAlUma hotA hai, aura zrAvakoMko upadeza detA hai ki tuma dUrase caraNa-vandanA karo aura yadi hama tumhArI striyoMke sAtha ati prasaMga kareM, to tumhe IrSyA na karanI cAhie / phira eka kApAlinI usase cipaTa jAtI hai, jisake AliMganako vaha mokSa-sukha samajhatA hai aura mahAbhairavake dharmameM dIkSita hokara kApAlinIkI jUThI zarAba pIkara nAca karatA hai, Adi / zAyada isIkA badalA cukAne ke lie vAdicandrane prabodhacandrodayake hI anukaraNapara apane nATakakI racanA kI hai| donoMkI eka hI bhitti hai aura DhaMga bhI eka hI hai| kahIM kahIM to thor3ese zabdoMke herapherase bIsoM zloka aura gadya vAkya eka hI Azayake milate haiN| donoMke pAtra bhI prAyaH ekase hI nAma dhAraNa karanevAle haiN| jJAnasUryodayakI 'aSTazatI' prabodhacandrodayakI 'upaniSat ' hai, kAma, krodha, lobha, daMbha, ahaMkAra, mana, viveka Adi eka-se haiM / sUryodayakI 'dayA' candrodayakI 'zraddhA' hai / vahA~ dayA khoI gaI hai, yahA~ zraddhA lApatA hai / vahA~ aSTazatIkA pati 'prabodha' hai aura yahA~ upaniSatkA pati 'puruSa' hai / ___ jJAnasUryodayake karttAne prabodhacandrodayake samAna bauddhoMkA majAka to ur3AyA hI hai, sAtha hI zvetAmbara sampradAyakI bhI khabara lI hai aura kSapaNakakI jagaha sitapaTa yatiko khar3A kara diyA hai ! gujarAtameM zAyada usa samaya digambara-zvetAmbara sampradAyoMmeM kAphI virodha thA aura usIkI yaha pratidhvani hai /

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268 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa isa granthake antameM kavine apanA jo paricaya diyA hai usase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve mUlasaMghI jJAnabhUSaNabhaTTArakake praziSya aura prabhAcandrake ziSya the| mAghasudI aSTamI vi0 saM0 1648 ke dina madhUka nagarameM yaha grantha pUrNa huaa| madhUka nagara bahuta karake bhAvanagarakA mahuA bandaira hogA / mahuA nAmakA eka sthAna gujarAtameM bhI hai| isa nATakakI utthAnikAmeM kamalasAgara aura kIrtisAgara nAmake do brahmacAriyoMkA ullekha hai jinakI AjJAse sUtradhAra isa nATakako khelanekI icchA prakaTa karatA hai| ye donoM vAdicandra ke ziSya jAna par3ate haiN| isa granthakA hindI anuvAda maiMne san 1909 meM jaina-grantharatnAkarakAryAlayadvArA prakAzita kiyA thA, jo bahuta samayase aprApya hai| vAdicandrasUrikA dUsarA grantha ' pavanadUta' nAmakA eka khaNDakAvya hai jisakI padyasaMkhyA 101 hai / yaha nirNayasAgara presakI kAvyamAlAke terahaveM gucchakameM prakAzita ho cukA hai| mere svargIya mitra paM0 udayalAlajI kAzalIvAlane ise san 1914 meM hindI anuvAdasahita jaina-sAhityaprasAraka kAryAlayadvArA prakAzita kiyA thaa| yaha kAvya meghadUtake DhaMgakA hai / jisa prakAra kAlidAsake virahI yakSane meghake dvArA apanI patnIke pAsa sandeza bhejA hai usI prakAra isameM ujayinIke rAjA vijayane apanI prANapriyA tArAke pAsa jise azanivega nAmakA vidyAdhara hara le 1-mUlasaMghe samAsAdya jJAnabhUSaM budhottamaH / / dustaraM hi bhavAmbhodhiM sutaraM manvate hRdi // 1 // tatpaTTAmalabhUSaNaM samabhavadaigambarIye mate caJcadvarhakaraH sabhAticaturaH zrImatprabhAcandramAH / tatpadde'jani vAdivRndatilakaH zrIvAdicaMdro yatistenAyaM vyaraci prabodhataraNi vyAnjasambodhanaH // 2 // vasu-veda-rasAbjAMke varSe mAghe sitASTamIdivase zrImanmadhUkanagare siddho'yaM bodhasaMrambhaH // 3 // 2 vi0 saM0 1500 kA mahuvA bandara grAmake lakSmInArAyaNake mandirameM eka lekha hai / usameM mahuvAkA saMskRta nAma 'madhumatI' likhA hai |-bhaavngr prAcIna-zodha-saMgraha 1-56-58

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vAdicandrasUri 269 gayA thA, pavanako dUta banAkara viraha-sandeza bhejA hai / sundara aura sarasa racanA hai / isake antake padyameM' kavike nAmake sivAya aura koI paricaya nahIM diyA gayA hai parantu hamArI samajhameM jJAnasUyodayake karttA vAdicandrakI hI yaha racanA honI cAhie jo ki prabhAcandrake ziSya the| isake upAntya padya (100 ) meM ' zrIvijayanRpateH ' ko jo 'zrIprabhAcandrakIrteH' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai usase kavike gurukA nAma bhI dhvanita hotA hai / iTAveke sarasvatIbhaMDArameM sva0 gurujIne (paM0 pannAlAlajI vAkalIvAlane) vAdicandrasUrike pArzvapurANa nAmake granthako dekhA thA aura usakI prazasti mere pAsa bheja dI thii| usameM prabhAcandrako bauddha Adi tamAma darzanikoMse bar3A batalA kara kahA hai ki una prabhAcandra AcAryake paTTako suzobhita karanevAle vAdicandrasUrine kArtika sudI paMcamI saM0 1640 meM bAlmIka nagarameM 1500 zlokapramANa isa pArzvapurANako rcaa| bambaIke pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavanameM zrIpAla AkhyAna 2144 nAmaka eka 1-pAdau natvA jagadupakRtAvardha[rtha ?]sAmarthyavantau vighnadhvAntaprasarataraNeH zAntinAthasya bhaktyA / zrotuM caitatsadasi guNinA vAyudUtAbhidhAnaM kAvyaM cakre vigatavasanaH svalpadhIrvAdicandraH / / 2-bauddho mUDhati bauddhagarbhitamatiH kANAdako mUkati bhaTTo bhRtyati bhAvanApratibhaTo mImAMsako mandati / sAMkhyaH ziSyati sarvathaiva ka...naM vaizeSiko kati yasya jJAnakRpANato vijayatAM so'yaM prabhAcandramAH // 1 tatpaTTamaNDanaM sUridicandro vyarIracat purANametatpArzvasya vAdivRndaziromaNiH // 2 zUnyAbde rasAbjAGke varSe pakSe samujjvale / kArtike mAsi paMcamyAM vAlmIke nagare mudA // 3 pArzvanAthapurANasya nAnAbhedArthavAcinaH / paMcadazazatAnyatra zeyA zlokAH sulekhakaiH // 4

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270 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa grantha hai jisakI bhASA gujarAtImizrita hindI hai / usake antima aMzase mAlUma hotA hai ki vidyAnandike paTTapara mallibhUSaNa, unake paTTapara lakSmIcandrasUri, phira vIracandra, jJAnabhUSaNa, prabhAcandra aura unake ziSya vAdicandra hue / yaha prabandha saMvat 1651 meM saMghapati dhanajI savAke kahanese banA / ukta prazastimeM jo lakSmIcandra aura vIracandra haiM, ve vahI haiM jinakA ullekha jJAnabhUSaNane apane siddhAntasAra bhASyake maMgalAcaraNa 'lakSmIvIrendusevitaM ' padase kiyA hai / jJAnabhUSaNa zAyada sAgavAr3ekI gaddIke bhaTTAraka the / / vAdicandrasUrike pANDavapurANa, holikAcaritra aura subhagasulocanAcarita nAmaka 1-mUlasaMghamAMhAM udayo divAkara vidyAnaMdi vizAla jii| tAsa pATe guru mallibhUSaNa vANI amiya rasAla jI // 5 // tasapada lakSmIcaMdra sUri sohe mohe bhaviyaNa mana jI / vIracaMdra nAma je jape tasa jIvyUM dhana dhanya jI // 6 // pragaTa pATa ta anukrame mAnuM jJAnabhUSaNa jJAnavaMta jii| tasa pada-kamala-bhramara avicalajasa prabhAcada jayavaMta jI // 7 // jagamohana pATe udayo vAdIcaMdra guNAla jii| navarasa gIte jeNeM gAyo cakravarti zrIpAla jI / / 8 / / saMvata sola ekAvanA varSe kIdho ya parabaMdha jii| bhaviyana thiramana karIne suNajyo nitya saMbaMdha jI // 9 // dAna dIje jinapUjA kIje samakita mameM rAkhije jI / sutraja bhanie NavakAra gaNie asatya na vibhASije jI // 10 // lobha tajIje brahma dharIje sA~bhalyAna phala eha jI / e gIta je naranArI suNase aneka maMgalataru geha jI // 11 // saMghapati dhanajI savA bacane kIdho e parabaMdha jI / kevalI zrIpAla putrasahita tumha nitya nitya karo jayakArajI / / 12 // iti zrI-zrIpAlAkhyAne bhaTTArakavAdicaMdraviracita caturtho'dhyAyaH samApta ch||shrii|| 2 mANikacanda-jainagranthamAlAkA 21 vA~ grantha /

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vAdicandrasUri 271 do granthoMkA ullekha aura milatA hai jinameMse pichalA IDarake pustaka bhaMDArameM hai / gujarAtImeM bhI inake aneka grantha honekA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| bahuta karake ve gujarAtake hI rahanevAle the / ___ vAdicandasUrikA eka aura grantha 'yazodharacarita' bhI hai, jise unhoMne aMkalezvara (bharoMca ) ke cintAmaNi-mandirameM rahakara vi0 saM0 1657 meM pUrNa kiyA thaa| paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtArako isa granthakI jo prati milI thI vaha vi0 saM0 1673 kI arthAt grantha-racanAke 36 varSa bAdakI hI likhI huI thii| ukta prati vAdicandra ke paTTapara hI virAjamAna honevAle mahIcandra bhaTTArakako eka dharmAtmA strIke dvArA bheTa kI gaI thii| 1-tatpadRvizadakhyAtirvAdivRndamatallikA kathAmenAM dayAsiddhayai vAdicandro vyarIracat / / 80 // aMkalezvarasugrAme zrIcintAmaNimandire saptapaMcarasAbjAMke varSe'kAri suzAstrakam // 81 //

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padmacarita aura paumacariya paricaya AcArya raviSeNakA padmacairita ( padmapurANa ) saMskRtakA bahuta hI prasiddha grantha hai aura usakA hindI anuvAda to uttara bhArata ke jainoM meM ghara ghara par3hA jAtA hai, parantu vimalasUrike paumacariyako bahuta hI kama loga jAnate haiM, kyoMki eka to vaha prAkRta meM hai aura dUsare usakA koI anuvAda nahIM huA / raviSeNane padmacaritakI racanA mahAvIra bhagavAn ke nirvANake 1203 varSa bAda arthAt vi0 saM0 634 ke lagabhaga aura vimalasUrine vIra ni0 saM0 530 yA vi0 saM0 60 ke lagabhaga kI thii| isa hisAba se paumacariya padmacarita se 470 varSa pahalekI racanA hai / jisa taraha paumacariya prAkRta jaina - kathA - sAhityakA sabase prAcIna grantha hai, usI taraha padmapurANa saMskRta jaina - kathA - sAhityakA sabase pahalA grantha hai | vimalasUri rAhU nAmaka AcArya ke praziSya aura vijayAcArya ke ziSya the / vijaya nAilakulake the / isI taraha raviSeNa arhamunike praziSya aura lakSmaNasenake ziSya 1- mANikacandra-jaina-granthamAlA, bambaIdvArA prakAzita / 2- jainadharmaprasAraka sabhA bhAvanagara dvArA prakAzita / 3 - dvizatAbhyadhike samAsahasre samatIte'rdhacaturthavarSayukte / jina bhAskaravarddhamAnasiddhe caritaM padmamuneridaM nibaddham // 185 // 4- paMceva vAsasayA dusamAe tIsavarasasaMjutA / vIre siddhimuvagae tao nibaddhaM imaM cariyaM // 103 // 5 - rAhU nAmAyario sa-samaya- parasamayagahiyasabhAo / vijao ya tassa sIso nAilakulavaMsanaMdiya // 117 // sIseNa tassa raiyaM rAhavacariyaM tu sUrivimaleNa / soUNaM puvvagae nArAyaNa - sIri-cariyAI // 118 //

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padmacarita aura paumacariya 273 the| arhanmunike guru divAkara yati aura unake guru indra the| nAilakulakA ullekha nandisUtra-paTTAvalImeM milatA hai / bhUtadinna AcAryako bhI jo Arya nAgArjunake ziSya the 'nAilakulavaMzanaMdikara' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai / jainAgoMkI nAgArjunI vAcanAke kartA yahI mAne jAte haiM / muni zrIkalyANavijayajI Arya skandila aura nAgArjunako lagabhaga samakAlIna mAnate haiM? aura Arya skandilakA samaya vi0 saM0 356 ke lagabhaga hai / puSpikAmeM vimalasUriko pUrvadhara kahA hai| __raviSeNane na to apane kisI saMgha yA gaNa-gacchakA koI ullekha kiyA hai aura na sthAnAdikI hI koI carcA kI hai / parantu senAnta nAmase anumAna hotA hai ki zAyada ve senasaMghake ho yadyapi nAmoMse saMghakA nirNaya sadaiva ThIka nahIM hotaa| inakI guruparamparAke pUre nAma indrasena, divAkarasena, arhatsena aura lakSmaNasena hoMge, aisA jAna par3atA hai| udyotanasUrine apanI kuvalayamAlAmeM jo vi0 saM0 835 ke lagabhagakI racanA hai vimalasUrike vimailAMka (paumacariya ) kI aura raviSeNake.padmacaritakI ( tathA jaTilamunike varAMgacaritakI bhI) prazaMsA kI hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki unake sAmane ye donoM hI grantha maujUda the| 1 AsIdindragurordivAkarayatiH ziSyo'sya caahnmuniH|| tasmaoNlakSmaNasenasanmuniradaH ziSyo ravistatsmRtaH // 69 / / 2 dekho, 'vIra-nirvANa-saMvat aura jaina-kAlagaNanA', nAgarI-pracAriNI patrikA bhAga 10-11 3-jArasiyaM vimalaMko vimalaMko tArisaM lahai atyaM / ___ amayamaiyaM ca sarasaM sarasaMciya pAiaM jassa // 4-jehiM kae ramaNije varaMga-paumANacariyavitthAre / kahava Na salAhaNije te kaiNo jddiy-rvisenno|| 5-punnATasaMghIya jinasenane aura apabhraMza bhASAke kavi dhavalane raviSeNake bAda jaTilamunikA ullekha kiyA hai, isase anumAna hotA hai ki jaTA-siMhanandikA varAMgacarita zAyada raviSeNake padmacaritake bAdakA ho| 6-paumacariyakI jayasiMhadevake rAjya-kAlameM eka tADapatrapara likhI gaI vi0saM0 1198 kI prati bhaDocameM upalabdha huI hai| (dekho jaisalamerake grantha-bhaMDArakI sUcI pR0 17) 18

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274 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa AcArya jinasena (punnATasaMghIya) ne bhI apane harivaMzapurANa (vi0saM0 840) meM, udyotanasUrike pA~ca varSa bAda hI, raviSeNake padmacaritakI prazaMsA kI hai| prAkRtakA pallavita chAyAnuvAda donoM granthakartAoMne apane apane granthameM racanA-kAla diyA hai, usase yaha spaSTa hai ki paumacariya padmapurANase purAnA hai aura donoM granthoMkA acchI taraha milAna karanese mAlUma hotA hai ki padmapurANake karttAke sAmane paumacariya avazya maujUda thA / padmapurANa eka tarahase prAkRta paumacariyakA hI pallavita kiyA huA saMskRta chAyAnuvAda hai / paumacariya anuSTup zlokoMke pramANase dasa hajAra hai aura padmacarita aThAraha hajAra / arthAt prAkRtase saMskRta lagabhaga paune do gunA hai / prAkRta granthakI racanA AryA chandameM kI gaI hai aura saMskRtakI anuSTup chandameM, isalie padmapurANameM padya to zAyada do gunese bhI adhika hoMge / chAyAnuvAda kahaneke kucha kAraNa - /1 donoMkA kathAnaka bilkula eka hai aura nAma bhI eka hai| /2 parvo yA uddezyoM takake nAma donoMke prAyaH ekase haiM / /3 haraeka parva yA uddezyake antameM donoMne chanda badala diye haiM / ( 4 paumacariyake uddezyake antima padyameM 'vimala' aura padmacaritake antima padyameM 'ravi' zabda avazya AtA hai / arthAt eka vimalAGka hai aura dUsarA khyaGka / 15 padmacaritameM jagaha jagaha prAkRta AryAoMkA zabdazaH saMskRta anuvAda dikhalAI detA hai / aise kucha padya isa lekhake pariziSTameM namUneke taurapara de diye gaye haiM aura usI tarahake saikar3oM aura bhI diye jA sakate haiN| pallavita kahanekA kAraNa yaha hai ki mUlameM jahA~ strI-rUpavarNana, nagara-udyAnavarNana Adi prasaMga do cAra padyoMmeM hI kaha diye gaye haiM vahA~ anuvAdameM Dyor3he dUne padya likhe gaye haiM / isake bhI kucha namUne antameM de diye gaye haiN| paumacariyake karttAne cauthe uddezyameM brAhmaNoMkI utpatti batalAte hue kahA hai ki jaba bharata cakravartIko mAlUma huA ki vIra bhagavAnake avasAnake bAda ye loga kutIrthI pASaNDI ho jAyeMge aura jhUThe zAstra banAkara yajJoMmeM pazuoMkI hiMsA kareMge, taba unhoMne unheM zIghra hI nagarase nikAla denekI AjJA de dI, aura isa 1-kRtapadmodayodyotA pratyahaM parivartitA / mUrtiH kAvyamayI loke veriva kheH priyA // 34 //

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padmacarita aura paumacariya 275 kAraNa jaba loga unheM mArane lage, taba RSabhadeva bhagavAnane bharatako yaha kahakara rokA ki he putra, inheM ' mA haNa, mA haNa'=mata mAro, mata mAro, tabase unheM 'mAhaNa' kahane lge| saMskRta 'brAhmaNa' zabda prAkRtameM 'mAhaNa' (brAhmaNa) ho jAtA hai / isalie prAkRtameM to usakI ThIka upapatti ukta rUpase batalAI jA sakatI hai / parantu saMskRtameM vaha ThIka nahIM baitthtii| kyoMki saMskRta 'brAhmaNa' zabdamese 'mata mAro' jaisI koI bAta khIMca tAnakara bhI nahIM nikAlI jA sakatI / saMskRta 'padmapurANa'ke karttAke sAmane yaha kaThinAI avazya AI hogI, parantu ve lAcAra the / kyoMki mUla kathA to badalI nahIM jA sakatI, aura saMskRtake anusAra upapatti biThAnekI svataMtratA kaise lI jAya ? isa lie anuvAda karake hI unako santuSTa honA pdd'aa| yasmAnmA hananaM putra kAriti nivAritaH / RSabheNa tato yAtA 'mAhanA' iti te zrutim / / 4-122 isa prasaMgase yahI jAna par3atA hai ki prAkRta granthase hI saMskRta granthakI racanA huI hai| parantu isake viruddha kucha logoMne to yaha kahane takakA sAhasa kiyA hai ki saMskRtase prAkRtameM anuvAda kiyA gayA hai / parantu merI samajhameM vaha korA sAhasa hI hai| prAkRtase to saMskRtameM bIsoM granthoMke anuvAda hue haiM balki sArAkA sArA prAcIna jainasAhitya hI prAkRtameM likhA gayA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIrakI divyadhvani bhI ardhamAgadhI prAkRtameM hI huI thI / saMskRtameM grantha-racanA karanekI ora to jainAcAryoMkA dhyAna bahuta pIche gayA hai aura saMskRtase prAkRtameM anuvAda kiye jAnekA to zAyada eka bhI udAharaNa nahIM hai / 1-mA haNasu putta ee jaM usabhajiNeNa vArio bhrho| teNa ime sayala ciya vuccaMti ya 'mAhaNA' loe // 4-84 2 udAharaNArtha bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura paMca-saMgrahake amitagatisUrikRta saMskRta anuvAda, devasenake bhAvasaMgrahakA vAmadevakRta saMskRta anuvAda, amarakIrtike 'chakkomavaesa ' kA saMskRta 'SaTakarmopadeza-mAlA' nAmaka anuvAda, sarvanandike lokavibhAgakA siMhasUrikRta saMskRta anavADha Adi /

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276 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa isake sivAya prAkRta paumacariyakI racanA jitanI sundara, svAbhAvika aura ADambararahita hai, utanI padmacaritakI nahIM hai / jahA~ jahA~ vaha zuddha anuvAda hai, vahA~ to khaira ThIka hai, parantu jahA~ pallavita kiyA gayA hai vahA~ anAvazyaka rUpase bojhila ho gayA hai| udAharaNake lie aMjanA aura pavanaMjayake samAgamako le lIjie / prAkRtameM kevala cAra pA~ca AryA chandoMmeM hI isa prasaMgako sundara DhaMgase kaha diyA gayA hai, parantu saMskRtameM bAIsa padya likhe gaye haiM aura bar3e vistArase AliMgana-pIDana, cumbana, dazanacchada, nIvI-vimocana, sItkAra, Adi kAma-kalAyeM citrita kI gaI haiM jo azlIlatAkI sImA taka pahuMca gaI haiM / paumacariyake racanA-kAlameM sandeha vimalasUrine svayaM paumacariyakI racanAkA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 530 ( vi060) diyA hai; parantu kucha vidvAnoMne isameM sandeha kiyA hai / DA0 harmana jaikobI usakI bhASA aura racanA-zailIparase anumAna karate haiM ki vaha IsAkI cauthI pA~cavIM zatAbdise pahalekA nahIM ho sakatA / DA. kItha, DA0 bulanaira Adi bhI use IsAkI tIsarI zatAbdike lagabhagakI yA usake bAdakI racanA mAnate haiM / kyoMki usameM 'dInAra' zabdakA aura jyotiSazAstrasambandhI kucha grIka zabdoMkA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / dI0 ba0 kezavarAva dhruva to use aura bhI arvAcIna kahate haiM / ve chandoMke krama-vikAsake itihAsake vizeSajJa mAne jAte the| isa granthake pratyeka uddesake antameM jo gAhiNI, zarabha Adi chandoMkA upayoga kiyA gayA hai, vaha unakI samajhameM arvAcIna hai / gItimeM yamaka aura sargAntameM 'vimala' zabdakA AnA bhI unakI dRSTimeM arvAcInatAkA dyotaka hai / parantu hameM ina dalIloMmeM kucha adhika sAra nahIM dikhatA / ye adhikatara aise anumAna haiM jinapara bahuta bharosA nahIM rakkhA jA sakatA, ye galata bhI ho sakate haiM aura jaba svayaM granthakatI apanA samaya de rahA hai, taba avizvAsa karanekA koI kAraNa bhI to nahIM diikhtaa| isake sivAya DA0 viMTaranIz2a, DA0 lAyamana, Adi vidvAn vIra ni0 530ko hI paumacariyakI racanAkA kAla mAnate haiM / na mAnanekA unakI samajhameM koI kAraNa bhI nahIM hai| 1 ensAiklopeDiyA Apha rilIjana eNDa ethiksa bhAga 7, pR0 437 aura mADarna rivyU disambara san 1914 / 2 kIthakA saMskRta sAhityakA itihAsa / 3 inTroDakzana TU prAkRta /

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padmacarita aura paumacariya rAma-kathAkI vibhinna dhArAyeM rAma-kathA bhAratavarSakI sabase adhika lokapriya kathA hai aura isapara vipula sAhitya nirmANa kiyA gayA hai / hindU, bauddha aura jaina ina tInoM hI prAcIna sampradAyoMmeM yaha kathA apane apane DhaMgase likhI gaI hai aura tInoM hI sampradAyavAle rAmako apanA apanA mahApuruSa mAnate haiN| abhI taka adhikAMza vidvAnoMkA mata yaha hai ki isa kathAko sabase pahale vAlmIki munine likhA aura saMskRtakA sabase pahalA mahA kAvya (Adi kAvya) vAlmIkirAmAyaNa hai / usake bAda yaha kathA mahAbhArata, brahmapurANa, padmapurANa, agnipurANa, vAyupurANa Adi sabhI purANoMmeM thor3e thor3e hera pherake sAtha saMkSepameM lipibaddha kI gaI hai / isake sivAya adhyAtma rAmAyaNa, Ananda rAmAyaNa, adbhuta rAmAyaNa nAmase bhI kaI rAmAyaNa grantha likhe gaye / bRhattara bhAratake jAvA, sumAtrA Adi dezoMke sAhityameM bhI isakA aneka rUpAntaroMke sAtha vistAra huA / adbhuta rAmAyaNameM sItAkI utpattikI kathA sabase nirAlI hai / usameM likhA hai ki daNDakAraNyameM gRtsamada nAmake eka RSi the| unakI strIne prArthanA kI ki mere garbhase sAkSAt lakSmI utpanna ho / isapara usake lie ve pratidina eka ghar3e meM dUdhako abhimaMtrita karake rakhane lage ki itane meM eka dina vahA~ rAvaNa AyA aura usane RSipara vijaya prApta karane ke lie apane vANoMkI nokeM cubhA cubhAkara unake zarIrakA bUMda bUMda rakta nikAlA aura usI ghar3emeM bhara diyaa| phira vaha ghar3A usane mandodarIko jAkara diyA aura cetA diyA ki yaha rakta viSase bhI tIvra hai| parantu mandodarI yaha socakara usa raktako pI gaI ki patikA mujhapara saccA prema nahIM hai aura vaha nitya hI parastriyoMmeM ramaNa kiyA karatA hai, isa lie aba merA mara jAnA hI ThIka hai / parantu usake yogase vaha marI to nahIM, garbhavatI ho gaI / patikI anupasthitimeM garbha dhAraNa ho jAnese aba vaha use chupAnekA prayatna karane lagI aura Akhira eka dina vimAnameM baiThakara kurukSetra gaI aura usa garbhako jamInameM gAr3akara vApasa calI AI / usake bAda hala jotate samaya vaha garbhajAta kanyA janakajIko milI aura unhoMne use pAla liyaa| vahI sItA hai / viSNupurANa (4-5) meM bhI likhA hai ki jisa samaya janakavaMzIya rAjA

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278 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa sIradhvaja putra-lAbhake lie yajJa-bhUmi jota rahe the, usI samaya lAGgalake agrabhAgase sItA nAmaka duhitA utpanna huI / bauddhoMke jAtaka grantha bahuta prAcIna haiM jinameM buddhadevake pUrva-janmakI kathAyeM likhI gaI haiM / dazaratha jAtakake anusAra kAzInareza dazarathakI solaha hajAra rAniyA~ thiiN| unameMse mukhya rAnIse rAma lakSmaNa ye do putra aura sItA nAmakI eka kanyA huI / phira mukhya rAnIke maranepara dUsarI jo paTTarAnI huI usase bharata nAmakA putra huaa| yaha rAnI bar3e putroMkA haka mArakara apane putrako rAjya denA cAhatI thii| taba isa bhayase ki kahIM yaha bar3e putroMko mAra na DAle, rAjAne unheM bAraha varSataka araNyavAsa karanekI AjJA de dI aura ve apanI bahinake sAtha himAlaya cale gaye aura vahA~ eka Azrama banAkara rahane lge| nau varSake bAda dazarathakI mRtyu ho gaI aura taba maMtriyoMke kahanese bharatAdi unheM lene gaye, parantu ve avadhike bhItara kisI taraha lauTaneko rAjI nahIM hue, isa lie bharata rAmakI pAdukAoMko hI siMhAsanapara rakhakara unakI orase rAjya calAne lage / Akhira bAraha varSa pUre honepara ve lauTe, unakA rAjyAbhiSeka huA aura phira sItAke sAtha byAha karake unhoMne 16 hajAra varSa taka rAjya kiyA ! pUrvajanmameM zuddhodana rAjA dazaratha, unakI rAnI mahAmAyA rAmakI mAtA, rAhula-mAtA sItA, buddhadeva rAmacandra, unake pradhAna ziSya Ananda bharata, aura sAriputra lakSmaNa the| __isa kathAmeM sabase adhika khaTakanevAlI bAta rAmakA apanI bahina sItAke sAtha byAha karanA hai / parantu itihAsa batalAtA hai ki usa kAlameM zAkyoMke rAjagharAnoMmeM rAjavaMzakI zuddhatA surakSita rakhaneke lie bhAIke sAtha bhI bahinakA vivAha kara diyA jAtA thaa| yaha eka rivAja thaa| isa taraha hama hindU aura bauddha sAhityameM rAma-kathAke tIna rUpa dekhate haiM, eka vAlmIki rAmAyaNakA, dUsarA adbhuta rAmAyaNakA aura tIsarA bauddha jAtakakA / jaina rAmAyaNake do rUpa isI taraha jaina-sAhityameM bhI rAma-kathAke do rUpa milate haiM, eka to paumacariya aura padmacaritakA aura dUsarA guNabhadrAcAryake uttarapurANakA / padmacarita yA paumacariyakI kathA to prAyaH sabhI jAnate haiM, kyoMki jainarAmAyaNake rUpameM usIkI sabase adhika prasiddhi hai, parantu uttarapurANakI kathAkA utanA pracAra nahIM hai jo usake 68 veM parvameM varNita hai / usakA bahuta saMkSipta sAra yaha hai

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padmacarita aura paumacariya 279 rAjA dazaratha kAzI dezameM vArANasIke rAjA the / rAmakI mAtAkA nAma subAlA aura lakSmaNakI mAtAkA nAma kekeyI thA / bharata-zatrughna kisake garbhameM Aye the, yaha spaSTa nahIM likhA / kevala 'kasyAMcit devyAM' likha diyA hai| sItA mandodarIke garbhase utpanna huI thI; parantu bhaviSyadvaktAoMke yaha kahanese ki vaha nAzakAriNI hai, rAvaNane use maMjUSAmeM rakhavAkara marIcike dvArA mithilAmeM bhejakara jamInameM gar3avA diyA / daivayogase halakI nokameM ulajha jAnese vaha rAjA janakako mila gaI aura unhoMne use apanI putrIke rUpameM pAla lii| isake bAda jaba vaha byAhake yogya huI, taba janakako cintA huii| unhoMne eka vaidika 'yajJa' kiyA aura usakI rakSAke lie rAma-lakSmaNako AgrahapUrvaka bulvaayaa| phira rAmake sAtha sItAko byAha diyaa| yajJake samaya rAvaNako AmaMtraNa nahIM bhejA gayA, isase vaha atyanta kruddha ho gayA aura isake bAda jaba nAradake dvArA usane sItAke rUpakI atizaya prazaMsA sunI taba vaha usako hara lAnekI socane lgaa| kekeyIke haTha karane, rAmako vanavAsa dene, AdikA isa kathAmeM koI jikra nahIM hai / paMcavaTI, daNDakavana, jaTAyu, sUrpanakhA, kharadUSaNa Adike prasaMgoMkA bhI abhAva hai / banArasake pAsake hI citrakUTa nAmaka vanase rAvaNa sItAko hara le jAtA hai aura phira usake uddhArake lie laMkAmeM rAma-rAvaNa yuddha hotA hai| rAvaNako mArakara rAma digvijaya karate hue lauTate haiM aura phira donoM bhAI banArasameM rAja karane lagate haiM / sItAke apavAdakI aura usake kAraNa use nirvAsita karanekI bhI carcA isameM nahIM hai / lakSmaNa eka asAdhya rogameM grasita hokara mara jAte haiM aura isase rAmako udvega hotA hai| ve lakSmaNake putra pRthvIsundarako rAjapadapara aura sItAke putra ajitaMjayako yuvarAjapadapara abhiSikta karake aneka rAjAoM, aura apanI sItA Adi rAniyoM ke sAtha jina-dIkSA le lete haiN| isameM sItAke ATha putra batalAye haiM, para unameM lava-kuzakA nAma nahIM hai / dazAnana vinami vidyAdharake vaMzake pulastyakA putra thaa| zatruoMko rulAtA thA, isa kAraNa vaha rAvaNa kahalAyA / aadi| jahA~ taka maiM jAnatA hU~, yaha uttarapurANakI rAma-kathA zvetAmbara sampradAyameM pracalita nahIM hai / AcArya hemacandra ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritameM jo rAma-kathA hai, use maiMne par3hA hai / vaha bilkula 'paumacariya' kI kathAke anurUpa hai / aisA mAlUma hotA. hai ki paumacariya aura padmacarita donoM hI hemacandrAcAryake sAmane maujUda the|

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280 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai, digambara sampradAyameM bhI isI kathAkA adhika pracAra hai aura pIcheke kaviyoMne to prAyaH isI kathAko saMkSipta yA pallavita karake apane apane grantha likhe haiM / phira bhI uttarapurANakI kathA bilkula upekSita nahIM huI hai / aneka kaviyoMne usako bhI Adarza mAnakara kAvya-racanA kI hai| udAharaNake lie mahAkavi puSpadantako hI le liijie| unhoMne apane uttarapurANake antargata jo rAmAyaNa likhI hai, vaha guNabhadrakI kathAkI hI anukRti hai| cAmuNDarAya-purANameM bhI yahI kathA hai| padmacariya aura padmacaritakI kathAkA adhikAMza vAlmIki rAmAyaNake DhaMgakA hai aura uttarapurANakI kathAkA jAnakI-janma adbhuta rAmAyaNake DhaMgakA / dazaratha banArasake rAjA the, yaha bAta bauddha jAtakase milatI julatI hai / uttarapurANake samAna usameM bhI sItA-nirvAsana, lava-kuza-janma Adi nahIM haiN| arthAt bhAratavarSa meM rAma-kathAkI jo do tIna paramparAye haiM, ve jaina sampradAyameM bhI prAcIna kAlase calI A rahI haiM / paumacariyake karttAne kahA hai ki usa padmacaritako maiM kahatA hU~ jo AcAryoMkI paramparAse calA A rahA thA aura nAmAvalInibaddha thii| isakA artha maiM yaha samajhatA hU~ ki rAmacandrakA caritra usa samaya taka kevala nAmAvalIke rUpameM thA, arthAt , usameM kathAke pradhAna-pradhAna pAtroMke, unake mAtA-pitAoM, sthAnoM aura bhavAntaroM Adike nAma hI hoMge, vaha pallavita kathAke rUpameM na hogA aura usIkI vimalasUrine vistRta caritake rUpameM racanA kI hogii| zrIdharmasena gaNine vasudeva-hiMDike dUsare khaDameM jo kucha kahA hai usase bhI yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki unakA vasudevacarita bhI gaNitAnuyogake kramase nirdiSTa thaa| 1-NAmAvaliyanibaddhaM AyariyaparaMparAgayaM savvaM / vocchAmi paumacariyaM ahANupuTviM samAseNa // 2 jainAcAryoke aneka kathA-granthoMmeM paraspara jo asamAnatA hai, bhinnatA hai, usakA kAraNa bhI yahI mAlUma hotA hai / / unake sAmane kucha to ' nAmAvalInibaddha ' sAhitya thA aura kucha AcAryaparamparAse calI AI huI smRtiyA~ thiiN| ina donoMke AdhArase apanI apanI rucike anusAra kathAko pallavita karane meM bhinnatA ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai| eka hI saMkSipta plATako yadi Apa do lekhakoMko deMge to una donoMkI pallavita racanAyeM nissandeha bhinna hI jAyeMgI / tiloyapaNNattimeM jo karaNAnuyogakA grantha hai, ukta nAmAvalInibaddha kathAsatra diye hue haiN|

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padmacarita aura paumacariya 282 usameM kucha zruta-nibaddha thA aura kucha AcAryaparamparAgata thA / jaba vimalasUIra pUrvokta nAmAvalIke anusAra apane granthakI racanAmeM pravRtta hue hoMge, taba aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki unake sAmane avazya hI koI loka-. pracalita rAmAyaNa aisI rahI hogI jisameM rAvaNAdiko rAkSasa, vasA-rakta-mAMsakA khAne-pInevAlA aura kuMbhakarNako chaha chaha mahIne taka isa taraha sonevAlA kahA hai ki parvatatulya hAthiyoMke dvArA aMga kucale jAne, kAnoMmeM ghar3oM tela DAle jAne aura nagAr3e bajAye jAne para bhI vaha nahIM uThatA thA aura jaba uThatA thA to hAthI bhaiMse Adi jo kucha sAmane pAtA thA, saba nigala jAtA thA / unakI yaha bhUmikA isa bAtakA saMketa karatI hai ki usa samaya vAlmIki rAmAyaNa yA usI jaisI koI rAma-kathA pracalita thI aura usameM aneka alIka, upapattiviruddha aura avizvasIya bAteM thIM, jinheM satya, sopapattika aura vizvAsayogya banAnekA vimalasUrine prayatna kiyA hai / jainadharmakA nAmAvalInibaddha DhA~cA unake samakSa thA hI aura zrutiparamparA yA AcAryaparamparAse AyA huA kucha kathAsUtra bhI thA / usIke AdhArapara unhoMne paumacariyakI racanA kI hogii| uttarapurANake katI unase aura raviSeNase bhI bahuta pIche hue haiM, phira unhoMne isa kathAnakakA anusaraNa kyoM nahIM kiyA, yaha eka prazna hai| yaha to bahuta kama saMbhava hai ki ina donoM granthoMkA unheM patA na ho aura isakI bhI saMbhAvanA kama hai ki unhoMne svayaM hI vimalasUrike samAna kisI lokapracalita kathAko hI svataMtra rUpase jainadharmake sA~cemeM DhAlA ho kyoMki unakA samaya vi0 saM0 955 hai, 1" arahaMta-caki-vAsudeva-gaNitAnuyoga-kramaNidvidaM vasudevacaritaM ti / tathya ya kiMci suyanibaMddhaM kiMci Ayarai-paraparAgaeNa AgataM / tato avadhAritaM me / " 2 dekho Age pariziSTameM paumacariyakI naM0 107 se 116 takakI gAthAyeM / 3 mahAkavi puSpadantane to apane uttarapurANameM rAma-kathAkA prAraMbha karate hue vAlmIki aura vyAsakA spaSTa ullekha bhI kiyA haivammIyavAsavayaNihi~ NaDiu, aNNANu kumaggakUvi paDiu / -69 vI sandhi 4 aliyaM pi savvameyaM uvavattiviruddhapaccayaguNehiM, naya saddahati purisA havaMti je paMDiyA loe //

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282 janasAhitya aura itihAsa jo bahuta prAcIna nahIM hai / hamArA anumAna hai ki guNabhadrase bahuta pahale vimalapUrike hI samAna kisI anya AcAryane bhI jainadharmake anukUla sopapattika aura vazvasanIya svataMtra rUpase rAma-kathA likhI hogI aura vaha guNabhadrAcAryako guru-paramparAdvArA milI hogI / guNabhadrake guru jinasenasvAmIne apanA AdipurANa kaviparamezvarakI gadya-kathAke AdhArase likhA thA-"kaviparamezvaranigaditagadyakathAmAtRkaM purozcaritamaM / " aura usake pichale kucha aMzakI pUrti svayaM guNabhadrane bhI kI hai / jinasenasvAmIne kaviparamezvara yA kaviparameSThIko 'vAgarthasaMgraha' nAmaka samagra purANakA kartA batalAyA hai| ataeva muni suvrata tIrthakarakA caritra bhI guNabhadrane usIke AdhArase likhA hogA jisake antagata rAma-kathA bhI hai| vAmuNDarAyane bhI kavi paramezvarakA smaraNa kiyA hai| garaja yaha ki paumacariya aura uttarapurANakI rAma-kathAkI do dhArAyeM alaga alaga svataMtrarUpase nirmita huI aura ve hI Age pravAhita hotI huI hama taka AI haiM / ina do dhArAoMmeM guruparamparA-bheda bhI ho sakatA hai| eka paramparAne ekadhArAko apanAyA aura dUsarIne dUsarIko / aisI dazAmeM guNabhadra svAmIne paumacariyakI cArAse paricita honepara bhI isa khayAlase usakA anusaraNa na kiyA hogA ki vaha hamArI guruparamparAkI nahIM hai / yaha bhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai ki unheM paumacariyake kathAnakakI apekSA yaha kathAnaka jyAdA acchA mAlUma huA ho / paumacariyakI racanA vi0 saM0 60 meM huI hai aura yadi jainadharma digambaradhetAmbara-bhedoMmeM vi0 saM0 136 ke lagabhaga hI vibhakta haA hai jaisA ki donoM 1-dekho uttarapurANakI prazasti / 2-sa pUjyaH kvibhiloke kavInAM paramezvaraH / / vAgarthasaMgrahaM kRtsnapurANaM yaH samagrahIt / / 60 |-aadipuraann 3 mahAmAtya cAmuNDarAyakA banAyA huA triSaSTilakSaNamahApurANa ( cAmuNDarAya-purANa ) niDIbhASAmeM hai / usake prArambhameM likhA hai ki isa caritrako pahale kUci bhaTTAraka, tadanantara nandimunIzvara, phira kaviparamezvara aura tadanantara jinasena-guNabhadra AcArya, ekake bAda eka, paramparAse kahate Aye haiM / isase bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki kaviparamezvarakA cauvIsoM tIrthakaroMkA caritra thaa| cAmuNDarAyake samAna guNabhadrane bhI usIke AdhArase uttarapurANa likhA hogA aura kaviparamezvarase bhI pahale nandimuni aura kUcibhaTTArakake isa viSayake grantha hoNge|

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padmacarita aura paumacariya sampradAyavAle mAnate haiM, to phira kahanA hogA ki yaha usa samayakA hai jaba jainadharma avibhakta thA / hameM isa grantha meM koI aisI bAta bhI nahIM milI jisapara domeMse kisI eka sampradAyakI koI gaharI chApa lagI ho aura jisase hama yaha nirNaya kara sakeM ki vimalasUri amuka sampradAya ke hI the / balki kucha bAteM aisI haiM jo zvetAmbara-paramparAke viruddha jAtI haiM aura kucha digambaraparamparA ke viruddha / isase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha eka tIsarI hI, donoMke bIca kI, vicAra-dhArA thI / paumacariyake kucha viziSTa kathana 1 - isa granthake prArambhameM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrakA samavasaraNa vipulAcalapara AyA, taba usakI khabara pAkara magadha- nareza zreNika vahA~ pahu~ce aura unake pUchanepara gotama gaNadharane rAmakathA kehI / digambara sampradAya ke prAyaH sabhI kathA-granthoMkA prArambha isI taraha hotA hai / kahIM kahIM gotama svAmIke badale sudharmA svAmIkA nAma bhI rahatA hai / parantu jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM zvetAmbara sampradAya kathA-granthoMko prArambha karane kI yaha paddhati nahIM hai / unameM Ama taura se sudharmA svAmIne jambUse kahA, isa taraha kahanekI paddhati hai / jaise ki saMghadAsavAcakane vasudeva - hiMDike prathamAMza meM kahA hai ki sudharma svAmIne jambUse prathamAnuyogata tIrthakara cakravarti yAdavavaMzaprarUpaNAgata vasudevacarita kahA~ / anya granthoMmeM bhI yahI paddhati hai / 283 2 - jina bhagavAnakI mAtAko jo svapna Ate haiM, unakI saMkhyA digambara sampradAya meM 16 batalAI hai, jaba ki zvetAmbara sampradAya meM 14 svapna mAne jAte haiM / parantu paumacariyameM 15 svapna haiM / AvazyakakI hAribhadrIya vRttirme ( pR0 178) 1 - vIrassa varaThANaM viulagirI matthaye maNabhirAme / taha iMdabhUyikahiyaM seoNiyaraNNassa NIsesaM || 34 | 2 - zreNika praznamuddizya sudharmo gaNanAyakaH / yathovAca mayApyetaducyate mokSalipsayA || - kSatracUDAmaNi 3 tattha tAva ' suhammasAmiNA jaMbunAmassa paDhamAnuoge titthayara- cakkavaTTi - dasAra- vaMsaparUvaNAgayaM vasudevacariyaM kahiyaM ' ti tasseva pabhavo kaheyavvo, tappabhavassaya pabhavassati / 4 vaha ga~ya sI varasiri domaM saiMsi raivi jhayaM ca kalesaM ca / seresIyaraM vimaNaM varabhavaNaM syeNakUr3egI // 62 // - tR0 uddesa |

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284 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa likhA hai ki vimAna aura bhavana ye do svapna aise haiM ki inameMse jinamAtAoMko eka hI AtA hai / jo tIrthakara devatvase cyuta hokara Ate haiM unakI mAtA vimAna dekhatI hai aura jo adho lokase Ate haiM unakI mAtA bhavana dekhatI hai / parantu paumacariyameM vimAna aura bhavana donoM hI svapna marudevIne eka sAtha dekhe haiN| 3-dUsare uddesakI 30 vI gAthAmeM bhagavAnako jaba kevala-jJAna utpanna huA, taba unheM ' aSTakarmarahita' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai aura yaha vizeSaNa zAyada donoM sampradAyoMkI dRSTise cintanIya hai| kyoMki kevala-jJAna hote samaya kevala cAra ghAtiyA karmoMkA hI nAza hotA hai, AThoMkA nhiiN| 4-dUsare uddesakI 65 vI gAthAmeM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspatiko sthAvara aura dvIndriyAdi jIvoMko trasa kahA hai| yaha digambara mAnyatA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAyake anusAra pRthvI, jala aura vanaspati hI sthAvara haiM, agni, vAyu aura dvIndriyAdi trasa haiM / 5-cauthe uddesakI 58 vI gAthAmeM bharata cakravartIkI 64 hajAra rAniyA~ batalAI haiM / yaha saMkhyA zvetAmbara-paramparAke anusAra hai, digambara sampradAyake anusAra cakravartIkI 96 hajAra rAniyA~ hotI haiM / 6-paumacariyake dUsare uddesameM bhagavAn mahAvIra bAla-bhAvase unmukta hokara tIsa barasake ho gaye aura phira eka dina saMvega honese unhoMne pravrajyA grahaNa kara 1 padmacaritameM digambara sampradAyake anusAra svapnoMkI saMkhyA 16 kara dI gaI hai" adrAkSItyoDazasvapnAniti zreyovidhAyinaH / / " 2 aha ahakammarahiyassa tassa jhANovaogajuttassa / __ sayalajagujoyagaraM kevalaNANaM samuppaNaM / / 30 3 puDhavi-jala-jalaNa-mAruya-vaNassaI ceva thAvarA bhaNiyA / veiMdiyAi jAvau, duvihatasA saNi iyare vA // 65 4 causahisahassAI juvaINaM prmruuvdhaariinnN| vattIsaM ca sahassA rAINaM baddhamauDANaM / / 58 5-padmacaritameM raviSeNane yaha saMkhyA apane sampradAyake anusAra saMzodhita karake 96 hajAra kara dI hai-" purandhrINAM sahasrANi navatiH ssddbhirnvitaaH|"

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padmacarita aura paumacariya lI / isameM unake vivAhita hone kI koI carcA nahIM hai aura kumArAvasthA meM hI dIkSita honA prakaTa kiyA hai' / bIsaveM uddesakI gAthA 97-98 se bhI yahI dhvanita hotA hai ki mallinAtha, ariSTanemi, pArzva, mahAvIra aura vAsupUjya ye pA~ca tIrthaMkara kumAra-kAla meM hI gharase nikala gaye aura zeSa tIrthakara pRthvIkA rAjya bhogakara niSkrAnta hue / kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki yaha ullekha digambaraparamparAke anukUla hai / yadyapi abhI abhI eka vidvAn se mAlUma huA hai ki zvetAmbara sampradAyake eka prAcIna grantha meM bhI mahAvIrako avivAhita batalAyA hai / 285 parizrama karanese isa taraha kI aura bhI aneka bAtoMkA patA laga sakegA jinameM se kucha digambara sampradAya ke adhika anukUla hoMgI aura kucha zvetAmbara sampradAya ke / ina saba bAtoM se hamArA jhukAva isa tIsarI vicAra-dhArA ke viSaya meM isa ora hotA hai ki vaha usa samayakI hai jaba digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM ke matabheda vyavasthita aura dRr3ha nahIM hue the / unhoMne Age cala kara hI dhIre dhIre sthAyitva aura dRDhatva prApta kiyA hai / pahale ve kisI granthake pATha-bhedoM ke samAna sAdhAraNa mata-bheda the, parantu pIche samayane aura sampradAya - mohane unheM majabUta banA diyA / hamArA anumAna hai ki zAyada yaha tIsarI vicAra-dhArA vaha hai jisakA pratinidhitva yApanIya saMgha karatA thA aura jo aba lupta ho gayA hai aura paumacariya zAyada usIke dvArA bahuta samaya taka surakSita rahA hai / isa bAta kI puSTi mahAkavi svayaMbhUke ' paumacariya ' se hotI hai jo yApanIya saMghake the aura jinhoMne apane samakSa uttarapurANAnumodita rAmAyaNa kathAke rahate hue bhI paumacariyakA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / 1 - sukhaidinnAhAro aMguDayaamayalevaleheNaM, ummukkabAlabhAvo tIsai variso jiNo jAo / aha annayA kayAI saMvegaparo jiNo muNiyadoso, logaMtiyaparikiSNo pavvajjamuvAgao vIro || 30 2 - niddhaMtakaNayavaNNA sesA titthaMkarA samakkhAyA, mallI arinemI pAso vIro ya vAsapujo ya // 97 ee kumArasIhA gehAo NiggayA jinavariMdA, sA vi hu rAyANo puI bhottUNa NikkhatA // 98

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286 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pariziSTa [ paumacariya aura padmacaritake kucha chAyAnuvAdarUpa uddharaNa ] suvvaMti loyasatthe rAvaNapamuhA ya rakkhasA savve / vasa-lohiya-maMsAI-bhakkhaNapANe kayAhArA // 107 / / kira rAvaNassa bhAyA mahAbalo nAma kuMbhayaNNo tti / chammAsaM vigayabhao sejAsu niraMtaraM suyai // 108 // jai vi ya gaesu aMgaM pelijai garuyapavvayasamesu / tellaghaDesu ya kaNNA pUrijaMte suyaMtassa // 109 // paDupaDahatUrasaI Na suNai so sammuhaM pi vajaMtaM / naya uThei mahappA sejAe apuNNakAlammi || 110 / / aha uhio vi saMto asnnmhaa(nnaamh)ghorprigysriiso| purao haveja jo so kuMjara mahisAiNo gilai // 111 // kAUNa udarabharaNaM surmaannuskuNjraaibhuesu| puNaravi sejArUDho bhayarahio suyai chammAsaM // 112 // annaM pi eva suvvai jai iMdo rAvaNeNa saMgAme / jiNiUNa niyalabaddho laMkAnayarI samANIo // 113 // ko jiNaUNa samattho iMdaM sasurAsure vi teloke / jo sAgaraperaMtaM jaMbuddIvaM samuddharai // 114 // erAvaNo gaiMdo jassa yi vajaM amohapaharatthaM / tassa kira ciMtieNa vi anno vi bhaveja masirAsI // 115 // sIho maeNa nihao sANeNa ya kuMjaro jahA bhggo| taha vivarIyapayatthaM kaI hi rAmAyaNaM raiyaM // 116 // aliyaM pisavvameyaM uvvttiviruddhpshcygunnehiN| na ya saddati purisA havaMti je paMDiyA loe // 117 // evaM ciMtaMto zciya saMsayaparihArakAraNaM raayaa| jiNadarisaNussuyamaNo gamaNucchAho tao jAo // 118 // -paumacariya dUsarA u0

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panacarita aura paumacariya 287 zrUyante laukike granthe rAkSasA rAvaNAdayaH / vasAzeoNitamAMsAdipAnabhakSaNakAriNaH // 230 // rAvaNasya kila bhrAtA kumbhakarNo mahAbalaH / ghoranidrAparItaH SaNmAsAn zete nirantaram / / 231 // mattairapi gajaistasya kriyate mardanaM yadi / taptatailakaTAhaizca pUryete zravaNau yadi // 232 // bherIzaMkhaninAdepi sumahAnapi janyate / tathApi kila nAyAti kAle'pUrNe vibuddhatAm // 233 // kSuttRSNA vyAkulazcAsau vibuddhaH sanmahodaraH / bhakSayatyagrato dRSTvA hastyAdInapi durddharaH // 234 / / tiryagbhirmAnuSairdevaiH kRtvA tRptiM tataH punaH / svapityeva vimuktAnyaniHzeSapuruSasthitiH // 235 // amarANAM kilAdhIzo rAvaNena parAjitaH / AkarNAkRSTanirmuktairvANairmarmavidAribhiH // 241 / / devAnAmadhipaH kvAsau varAkaH kvaiSa mAnuSaH / tasya ciMtitamAtreNa yAyAyo bhasmarAzitAm // 242 // airAvato gajo yasya yasya vajraM mahAyudham / sameruvAridhi kSoNI yo'nAyAsAtsamuddharet / / mRgaiH siMhavadhaH so'yaM zilAnAM peSaNaM tilaiH vadho gaMDUpadenAhergajendrazAsanaM zunA // 246 // azraddhayamidaM sarva viyuktamupapattibhiH / bhagavantaM gaNAdhIzaM so'haM pRSThAsmi gautamam // 248 / / evaM cintayatastasya mahArAjasya dhImataH / -padmapurANa dvi0 50 ApucchiUNa savvaM maayaapiyputssynnprivggN| to muyai bhUsaNAI kaDisuttayakaDayavatthAI // 135 //

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa siddhANa NamukkAraM kAUNa ya paMcamuTThiyaM loyaM / cauhi sahaslehi samaM patto jaiNaM ( ya jiNo ) paramadikkhaM // 136 // - paumacariya tR0 u0 288 ApRcchanaM tataH kRtvA pitrobandhujanasya ca namaH siddhabhya ityuktvA zrImaNyaM pratipadyata // 283 // alaMkAraiH samaM tyaktvA vasanAni mahAmuniH / cakArAsau parityAgaM kezAnAM paMcamuSTibhiH // 283 // -- padmacarita tR0 pa0 aha evaM parikahie puNaravi magahAhivo paNamiUNaM / pucchai gaNaharavasahaM maNaharamahurehi vayaNehiM // 64 // vaNNANa samuppattI tinhaM pi suyA mae aparisesA / patto kaha bhayavaM uppattI suttakaMThANaM // 65 // to bhai jiNavariMdo bharaha na kappai imo u AhAro / samaNANa saMjayANaM kIyagaduddesanipphaNNo // 71 // - paumaca0 ca0 uddeza athaivaM kathitaM tena gautamena mahAtmanA / zreNikaH punarapyAha vAkyametatkutUhalI || 85 // varNatrayasya bhagavansaMbhavo me tvayoditaH / utpattiM sUtrakaNThAnAM jJAtumicchAmi sAmpratam // 86 // ityukte bhagavAnAha bharateyaM na kalpate / sAdhUnAmIdRzI bhikSA yA taduddezasaMskRtA // 95 // - padmacarita ca0 pa0 je viya te paDhamayaraM pavvajjaM geliUNa parivADiyA / te vakkalaparihINA tAvasapAsaMDiNo jAyA / / 85 / / tANa ya sIsapasIsA mohaMtA jaNavayaM kusatthesu / bhiggaMgiramAdIyA jAyA bIjaM vasumaIe || 86 // -- paumacariya ca0 uddezya

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padmacarita aura paumacariya 289 ye ca te prathamaM bhagnA nRpA nAthAnugAminaH / vratAraMbhamamI cakruH svabuddhiparikalpitam // 124 // teSAM ziSyAH praziSyAzca mohayataH kuhetubhiH / jagadbharvaparAyattAH kuzAstrANi pracakrire / / 125 / / bhRguraMgoMgirA bahniH kapilo trirvidastathA / anye ca bahavo'jJAnAjjAtA balkalatApasAH // 126 // -- padmacarita ca0 parva evaM bhavaMtarakaraNa tavobaleNa pAvaMti devamaNurasu mahaMta sokkhaM / ko ettha daDDhanIsesa kasAyamohA siddhA bhavaMti vimalA malapaMkamukkA || 271 // - pa0 cariya pa0 u0 evaM bhavAntarakRtena tapobaleNa saMprApnuvaMti puruSA manujeSu bhogAn / deveSu cottama guNAguNabhUSitAMgaH nirdAghakarmapaTalAzca bhavaMti siddhAH || 405 - padmacarita pa0 pa0 eyaM halahara cariyaM niyayaM jo paDhai suddhabhAveNaM / so lahai bohilAbhaM buddhibalAuM ca aiparamaM / / 93 / / ujjayasattho vivUi khiSpaM utrasamai tassa uvasaggo / ajiNai ceva puNNaM jaseNa sarisaM na saMdeho // 94 // rajjarahio virajaM lahai dhaNatthI mahAdhaNaM viulaM / uvasamai takkhaNaM ciya vAhI somA ya hoMti gahA // 95 // mahilatthI varamahilaM puttatthI gottanaMdaNaM puttaM / lahai paradesagamaNe samAgamaM ceva baMdhUNaM // 96 - 10ca0 118 u0 vAcayati zRNoti janastasyAyurvRddhimIyate puNyam / cAkRSTakhaGgahasto ripurapi na karoti vairamupazamameti // 157 kiM cAnyaddharmArthI labhate dharmaM yazaH paraM yazaso'rthI / rAjyabhraSTa rAjyaM prApnoti na saMzayo'tra kazcitkRtyaH || 158 iSTasamAyogArthI labhate taM kSiprato dhanaM dhanArthI / jAyArthI varapatnI putrArthI gotranandanaM pravaraMputram || 159 - 10123vA~ paM0 19

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290 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa evaM vIrajiNeNa rAmacariyaM siddhaM mahatthaM purA pacchAkhaMDalabhUiNA u kahiyaM sIsANa dhammAsayaM / bhUo sAhuparaMparAe sayalaM loe ThiyaM pAyarDa ettAhe vimaleNa suttasahiyaM gAhAnibaddhaM kayaM // 102 -pauma0 118 vA~ u0 nirdiSTaM sakalainatena bhuvanaiH zrIvarddhamAnena yat , tattvaM vAsavabhUtinA nigaditaM jamboH praziSyasya ca / ziSyeNottaravAgminA prakaTitaM padmasya vRttaM muneH zreyaH sAdhusamAdhivRddhikaraNa sarvottama maMgalam // 166 ___--padmacarita 123 vA~ parva [ kucha aise uddharaNa jinameM viSayako anAvazyaka rUpase bar3hAyA gayA hai ] jaM eva pucchio so bhaNai tao nArao psNsNto| asthi mahilAe rAyA jaNao so iMdukeusuo // 15 // tassa mahilA videhA tIe duhiyA imA pvrknnaa| jovvaNaguNANurUvA sIyA NAmeNa vikkhAyA // 16 // ahavA kiM parituTTho paDirUvaM pecchiUNa Alekkhe / je tIe vibbhamaguNA te cciya ko vaNNiuM tarai // 17 // -paumacariya 29 vA~ uddesa astyatra mithilA nAma purI paramasundarI / indraketossutastatra janako nAma pArthivaH // 33 // videhetipriyA tasya manobandhanakAriNI / gotrasarvasvabhUteyaM sIteti duhitA tayoH // 34 nivedyaivamasau tebhyaH kumAraM punaruktavAn / bAla mA yAH viSAda tvaM taveyaM sulabhaiva hi // 35 // rUpamAtreNa yAtosi kimasyA bhAvamIdRzaM / ye tasyA vibhramA bhadra kastAM varNayituM kSamaH // 36 / / tayA cittaM samAkRSTa taveti kimihAdbhutaM / dharmadhyAne dRDhaM vaddhaM munInAmapi sA haret // 37 //

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padmacarita aura paumacariya 291 AkAramAtramatattasyA nyastaM mayA paTe / lAvaNyaM yattu tattasyA tasyAmevaitadIdRzam / / 38 // navayauvanasaMbhUtakAntisAgaravIciSu / sA tiSThati taraMtIva saMsaktAstanakuMbhayoH // 39 // tasyA zroNI varArohA kAntisaMplAvitAMzukA / vIkSitonmUlayatsvAntaM samUlamapi yoginAm // 40 // ---padmacarita 28 vA~ parva iha jaMbudIvadIve dakkhiNabharahe mhNtgunnklio| magahA NAma jaNavao nagarAgaramaMDio rammo // 1 gAmApura-kheDakabbaTa-maDambadoNImuheSu prikinnnno| gomahisibalavapuNNo dhaNaNivahaNiruddhasImapaho // 2 satthAhaseTThigaNavai-koDumbiyapamuhasuddhajaNANavaho / maNikaNagarayaNamottiyabahudhannamahaMtakoTThAro // 3 desammi tammi logo viNNANaviyakkhaNo aisuruuvo| balavihavakaMtijutto ahiyaM dhammujjayamaIo // 4 naDanachattalaMkhayaNicaM nnccNtgiiysdaalo| NANAhArapasAhiya bhuMjAvijaMtapahiyajaNo / / 5 ahiyaM vIvAhUsava-viyAvaDo gaMdhakusumatattillo / bahupANakhANabhoyaNa aNavarayaM vaDiucchAho / / 6 pukkharaNIsu saresu ya ujANesu ya samaMtao rammo / paracakamAritakara-dubhikkhavivajio muio // 7-dvi0 u0 atha jaMbUmati dvIpe kSetre bharatanAmani / magadhAbhikhyayA khyAto viSayo'sti samujjvalaH // 1 nivAsaH pUrNapuNyAnAM vAsavAvAsasannibhaH / vyavahArairasaMkIrNaiH kRtalokavyavasthitiH // 2 kSetrANi dadhate yasminnutkhAtAn lAMgalAnanaiH / sthalAbjamalasaMghAtAnmahIsAraguNAniva // 3 kSIrasekAdivodbhutairmandAnilacaladdalaiH / puNDrekSuvATasaMtAnAtAnaMtarabhUtalaH // 4 //

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292 jainasAhitya aura itihasa -- apUrvaparvatAkArairvibhaktaiH khaladhAmabhiH / sasyakUTaiH suvinyastaiH sImAMtA yasya saMkaTAH // 5 // uddhATakaghaTIsiktairyatra jIrakajUTakaiH / nitAMtaharitairurvI jaTAleva virAjate // 6 // urvarAyAM varIyobhiH yaH zAleyairalaMkRtaH / muddakozIpuTairyasminnuddezAnkapilatviSA // 7 // tApasphuTitakozIkairAjamASairnirantarAH / uddezA yatra kirmIrAnikSetriya-tRNodgamAH (1) // 8 // adhiSThitesthalIpRSThe zreSThagodhUmadhAmabhiH / prazasyairanyazasyaizca yuktapratyUhavarjitaH // 9 // mahAmahiSapRSThasthagAyadgopAlapAlitaH / kITAtilaMpaTogrIvavalAkAnugatadhvaniH // 10 // vivarNasUtrasaMbaMdhaghaNTAraTatihAribhiH / kSaradbhirajaratrAsatpItakSIrodavatpayaH // 11 // susvAdurasasaMpannarvASpacchedyairanaMtarai : tRNaistRptiM pariprAptaigodhanaiH sitakakSapUH // 12 / / sArIkRtasamuddezaH kRSNasArairvisAribhiH / sahasrasaMkhyairgIrvANasvAmino locanairiva // 13 // ketakIcUlidhavalAH yasya dezAH samunnatAH / gaMgApulinasakAzo vibhAMti jinasevitAH // 14 // zAkakaMdalavATena zyAmala: zrIdharaH kvacit / vanapAlakRtAsvAdairnAlikerairvirAjitaH // 15 // koTibhiH zukacaMcUnAM tathA shaakhaamRgaannaiH| saMdigdhakusumairyuktaH pRthubhiH dADimIvanaiH // 16 // vatsapAlIkarAghRSTamAtuliMgIphalAMbhasA / liptAH kukumapuSpANAM prakarairupazobhitAH // 17 // phlsvaadpyHpaansukhsNsuptmaarggaaH| vanadevIprapAkArAH drAkSANAM yatra maMDapAH // 18 // ityAdi -padmacarita dU0 parva

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cAmuNDarAya aura unake samakAlIna AcArya vIra- mArtaNDa cAmuNDarAya jisa prakAra zvetAmbara sampradAya meM vastupAla aura tejapAla maMtrI kI prasiddhi hai usI taraha digambara sampradAya meM cAmuNDarAya yA cAvuMDarAyakI / unakA gharU nAma gommaTa thA aura ' , rAya rAjA rAcamalladvArA milI huI padavI thI, isalie gommaTarAya nAmase bhI unakA ullekha milatA hai / DA0 AdinAtha upAdhyene apane eka lekha meM sapramANa siddha kara diyA hai ki bAhubali svAmIkI mUrtikA nAma gommaTa-jina yA gommaTezvara isI kAraNa prasiddha huA hai ki vaha cAmuNDarAyadvArA nirmApita huI thI aura AcArya nemicandrakA paMca- saMgraha bhI gommaTa-sAra, gommaTasaMgraha, yA gommaTa - saMgraha-sUtra isIlie kahalAyA ki vaha cAmuNDarAyake lie unake prazna ke anurUpa dhavalAdi siddhAntoMpara se saMgraha kiyA gayA thA / aSNa bhI unakA eka bolacAlakA nAma thA / kevala ' rAya ' yA ' deva ' nAmase bhI unakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai | cAmuNDarAya brahma-kSatriya kulake the / isa kulake viSaya meM hameM kucha patA nahIM / saMbhava hai, unake pUrvaja pahale brAhmaNa rahe ho aura pIche kSAtravRtti karane lage hoM / ve gaMgavaMzI rAjA rAcamalake amAtya ( maMtrI ) aura senApati the / rAcamalla 1 dekho anekAnta varSa, 4 aMka 3-4 / 2 bAhubalicaritameM cAmuMDarAyako 'brahma-kSatriya vaizyasukti-sumaNiH ' kahA hai / 3 yaha vaMza bhaisUra prAntameM IsAkI cauthIse lekara gyArahavIM sadItaka rahA hai / Adhunika maisUrakA adhikAMza bhAga gaMgarAjAoMke hI adhikAra thaa| inakI rAjadhAnI pahale kolAra ( pAlAra nadIke kinAre ) thI, jo pIche kAverIke taTapara talakADa calI gaI thii| isa rAjavaMzakA jainadharmase ghaniSTha sambandha rahA hai / gommaTasArake TIkAkarttA abhayacandrane ise ' siMhanandimunIndrAminandita ' rAjavaMza kahA / kaI jagaha siMhanandiko isa rAjavaMzakI jar3a jAnevAlA bhI batalAyA hai /

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294 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa (caturtha) kA rAjya-kAla za0 saM0 896 se 906 (vi0 saM0 1031-41 ) taka nizcita hai| ye gaMga-vajra mArasiMhake uttarAdhikArI the| mArasiMha AcArya ajitasenake ziSya the aura unhIMke samIpa baMkApura ( dhAravAr3a) meM unhoMne samAdhipUrvaka dehatyAga kiyA thA / ' ve bar3e bhArI yoddhA the aura unhoMne aneka jainamandira nirmANa karAye the / jagadekavIra rAcamalla bhI unhIMke samAna jainadharmapara zraddhA rakhate the| cAmuNDarAya kevala mahAmAtya hI nahIM, vIra senApati bhI the / unhoMne apane svAmIke lie aneka yuddha jIte the, govindarAja, vekoMDurAja Adi aneka rAjAoMko parAsta kiyA thA aura isake upalakSyameM unheM samara-dhuraMdhara, vIra-mArtaNDa, raNaraMgasiMha, vairikula-kAladaNDa, asahAyaparAkrama, pratipakSarAkSasa, bhujavikrama, samara-parazurAma Adi viruda prApta hue the aura kauna-sI upAdhi kisa yuddha ke jItanepara milI, isakA bhI ullekha milatA hai / apanI satyapriyatAke kAraNa ve satyayudhiSThira bhI kahe jAte the| jainadharmaniSTha honeke kAraNa jaina-granthakAroMne unheM samyaktvaratnAkara, zaucAbharaNa, guNaratnabhUSaNa, devarAja Adi vizeSaNa bhI diye haiN| gommaTarAya yA cAmuNDarAya tIna kAmoMke lie vikhyAta haiM-gommaTa-saMgrahasUtra ( gommaTasAra ), gommaTa-zikhara yA candragirike Uparake gommaTa-jina aura dakSiNakukkuTa-jina / gommaTasArameM AcArya nemicandrane ina tInoMkI jaya manAI hai| inameMse gommaTa-jina neminAthakI indranIlamaNikI usa pratimAke lie kahA gayA hai jo 1 dekho jaina zilAlekhasaMgrahakA 38 vA~ lekha / 2 AcArya nemicandrane zliSTarUpameM tIrthaMkara bhagavAnako bhI Upara likhe vizeSaNa dekara cAmuNDarAyakA saMketa kiyA hai -- ka-asahAyajiNavariMde asahAyaparakkame mahAvIre / ka0 kA0 398 kha-NamiUNa gemicaMdaM asahAyaparakkama mahAvIraM |-krmkaanndd 87 ga-NamiUNa miNAhaM saccajuhihiraNamaMsiyaMghijugaM / ka0 kA 451 gha-Namaha guNarayaNabhUsaNa-siddhatAmiyamahaddhibhavabhAva / ka0 kA0 896 guNarayaNabhUsaNaMbuhimaibelA bharau bhuvaNayalaM / ,, 967 Ga-NamiUNa vaDDamANa kaNayaNihaM devarAyaparipujaM / , 358

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cAmuNDarAya aura unake samakAlIna AvArya pahale cAmuNDarAya bastimeM thI parantu aba usakA patoM nahIM ki kahA~ gaI aura aba usake badalemeM ecaNake banavAye hue mandira se neminAthakI dUsarI pratimA lAkara sthApita kara dI gaI hai jo pA~ca phITa U~cI hai aura dakSiNa-kukkuTa-jina bAhubalisvAmIkI usa vizAla mUrtike lie kahA gayA hai jo jagatprasiddha hai| eka pravAda thA ki bharatacakravartIne uttarameM bAhubalikI pratimA nirmANa karAI thI, jo kukkuTa sA~se vyApta ho gaI thii| ise vahI na samajha liyA jAya, yaha usase pRthak hai, ise batalAne ke lie dakSiNa vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| ukta bAhubali svAmIkI vizAla pratimAke sundara aura AkarSaka mukhake viSayameM kahA gayA hai ki use sarvArthasiddhi ke devoMne aura sarvAvadhi-paramAvadhijJAnake dhArI yogiyoMne dUrase dekho| unake banavAye hue jinamandirakA nAma 'iMsipabhAra' yA 'ISatprAgbhAra' thA / jo ki zAyada isa samaya cAmuNDarAyabastike nAmase prasiddha hai| kahA gayA hai ki usakA talabhAga vajra jaisA hai, aura usapara sonekA kalaza hai| cAmuNDarAyane eka staMbha bhI banavAyA thA jisake Upara yakSoMkI mUrtiyA~ thIM aura jinake mukuToMke kiraNa-jalase siddhoke caraNa dhulate rahate the / DA0 upAdhyekA khayAla hai ki yaha staMbha 'tyAgada brahmadeva' staMbha hai, jo vindhyagiripara hai| ye gaMgavajra mArasiMhake guru ajitasenAcAryake hI ziSya the / ajitasena apane samayake bahuta bar3e prabhAvazAlI AcArya the aura ve Aryasenake ziSya the / gommaTasArake karttAne unheM RddhiprApta gaNadharadevAdi sadRza guNI aura bhuvana-guru kahA 1 gommaTasaMgahasuttaM gommaTAsaharuvari gommaTajiNo ya / gommaTarAyaviNimmiyadakkhiNakukkuDajiNo jayau / / 96 2 jeNa viNimmiyapaDimAvayaNaM savvaTThasiddhidevehiM / savvaparamohijogihiM dilaM so gommaTo jayau // 969 3 vajayalaM jiNabhavaNaM isipabhAraM suvaNNakalasaM tu / tihuvaNapaDimANikaM jeNa kayaM jayau so rAo / / 970 siddhaloka yA AThavIM pRthavIkA nAma ' ISatprAgbhAra ' hai / usIke anukaraNameM yaha nAma rakkhA gayA hai / dekho, trilokasArakI 556 vIM gAthA / 4 jeNubbhiyathaMbhuvarimajakkhatirITakiraNajaladhoyA / siddhANa suddhapAyA so rAo gommaTo jayau // 971 -ka0 kA0

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296 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa hai| cAmuNDarAyake putra jinadevana bhI inhIMke ziSya the / cAmuNDarAya jainadharmake upAsaka to the hI, marmajJa vidvAn bhI the| unakA kanakI bhASAkA triSaSTilakSaNamahApurANa ( cAmuNDarAya-purANa ) prasiddha hai / upalabdha gadya-anyoM meM yaha sabase prAcIna ginA jAtA hai / isake prArambhameM likhA hai ki yaha caritra pahale kUci (?) bhaTTAraka, tadanantara nandimunIzvara, tatpazcAt kaviparamezvara aura phira jinasena-guNabhadra isa prakAra paramparA-kramase calA AyA hai aura unhIMke anusAra maiM bhI likhatA huuN| gommaTasArake antameM eka gAthA hai jisase aisA bhAsa hotA hai ki gommaTasArakI koI desI TIkA ( kanar3I TIkA ) bhI unhoMne likhI thI jisakA nAma vIramattaNDI thaa|' cAritrasAra nAmakA eka saMskRta grantha bhI cAmuMDarAyakA banAyA huA kahA jAtA hai parantu vaha eka tarahase saMgraha grantha hai aura bahuta karake tattvArthakI sarvArthasiddhiTIkAparase saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| samasAmayika AcArya cAmuNDarAyake samayameM aneka bar3e bar3e vidvAn AcArya ho gaye haiN| unamese eka to unake guru ajitasena the jinakA ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai aura jo bahuta karake senasaMghake the| unheM 'bhuvanaguru' kahA gayA hai| dUsare haiM abhayanandi - jinake vIranandi, indranandi, kanakanandi aura nemicaMdra nAmaka ziSya 1-gommaTTasuttalihiNe gommaTarAyeNa jA kayA desii| so (sA) rAo ( ai ) cirakAlaM NAmeNa ya vIramattaMDI // isa gAthAkA ThIka anvaya nahIM baitthtaa| pATha bhI zAyada kucha azuddha hai| parantu yadi sacamuca hI cAmuNDarAyakI koI desI yA kanar3I TIkA ho, jisakA ki nAma 'vIramattaMDI' thA, to vaha kezavavarNikI karnATakI vRttise judA hI hogI, yaha nizcita hai / eka kalpanA yaha bhI hotI hai ki unhoMne gommaTasArakI koI desI (kanaDI) pratilipi kI ho / kezavavarNIkI kanaDI-vattike lie dekhie DA0 upAdhyAyakA * jIvatattvapradIpikA oNna gommaTasAra : iTsa Athara eNDa DeTa ' zIrSaka lekha / --iMDiyana kalcara jilda 7, naM0 1 / 2 ajajaseNaguNagaNasamUhasaMdhAriajiyaseNagurU / bhuvaNagurU jassagurU so rAo gommaTo jayau // 733 ||-jii0 kA /

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cAmuNDarAya aura unake samakAlIna AcArya 297 the| inameMse nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI prasiddha gommaTasAra aura trilokasArake kartA haiM / ve svayaM apaneko abhayanandikA hI ziSya likhate haiN| vIranandi aura indranandi unake jyeSTha gurubhAI the aura isa lie unhoMne eka do jagaha unako bhI gurutulya mAnakara namaskAra kiyA hai aura apaneko unakA vaccha ( vatsa ) yA ziSya bhI kahA hai| ye vIranandi hI candraprabha mahAkAvyake kartA haiN| inhoMne isa kAvyakI prazastimeM likhA hai ki mere gurukA nAma abhayanandi thA jo dezIyagaNake AcArya the / abhayanandike guru vibudha guNanandi aura praguru ( dAdAguru ) guNanandi the / 1-idi NemicaMdamuNiNANappasudeNabhayaNaMdivaccheNa / raiyo tiloyasAro khamaMtu taM bahusudAiriyA / / - tri0 sA0 2-NamiUNa abhayaNaMdi sudasAgarapAragiMdaNaMdiguruM / varavIraNaMdiNAhaM payaDINaM paccayaM vocchaM // 785-ka0 kA0 Namaha guNarayaNabhUsaNasiddhatAmiyamahaddhibhavabhAvaM / varavIraNaMdicaMdaM NimmalaguNamiMdaNaMdiguruM // 896-ka0 kA0 vIriMdaNaMdivaccheNappasudeNabhayaNaMdisisseNa / dasaNacarittaladdhA susUyiyA micaMdeNa // 648-la0 sA0 3-babhUva bhavyAmbujapadmabandhuH patirmunInAM gaNabhRtsamAnaH / sadagraNIrdezigaNAgragaNyo guNAkaraH zrIguNanandinAmA // 1 // guNagrAmAmbhodheH sukRtavasatermitramahasAmasAdhyaM yasyAsInna kimapi mahIzAsitumiva / sa tacchiSyo jyeSThaH zizirakarasaumyaH samabhavat pravikhyAtA nAmnA vibudhaguNanandIti bhuvane // 2 // munijananutapAdaH prAstamithyApravAdaH sakalaguNasamRddhastasya ziSyaH prasiddhaH / abhavadabhayanandI jainadharmAbhinandI svamahimajitasindhubhanyalokaikabandhuH // 2 // bhavyAmbhojavibodhanodyatamate svatsamAnatviSaH ziSyastasya guNAkarasya sudhiyaH zrIvIranandItyabhUt / svAdhInAkhilavAGmayasya bhuvanaprakhyAtakIrteH satAM saMsatsu vyajayanta yasya jayino vAcAH kutarkAnuzAH // candraprabhacarita

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298 janasAhitya aura itihAsa AcArya nemicandrane likhA hai ki jinake caraNoMke prasAdase vIranandi aura indranandi ziSya saMsAra-samudrase pAra ho gaye una abhayanandi guruko namaskAra ho / isase bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki ye vIranandi candraprabha kAvyake karttA hI haiM jo apaneko abhayanandikA ziSya batalAte haiM / Age ina sabake astitva-kAlapara jo. vicAra kiyA gayA hai, usase bhI yahI nizcaya hotA hai / indranandi nAmake aneka AcArya ho gaye haiM / hamArA khayAla hai ki zrutAvatAra yA zrutapaMcamI kathAka kI indranandi yahI hoMge, kyoMki zrutAvatArase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve siddhAnta zAstroMse khUba acchI taraha paricita the aura gommaTasAra (karmakANDa ) meM unheM zrutasAgarapAragAmI likhA bhI hai| kanakanandike viSayameM itanA hI mAlUma hotA hai ki gommaTasArakI racanAmeM unakA bhI hAtha thA aura ve zAyada indranandime choTe the / karmakANDakI eka gAthAke anusAra unhoMne indranandi guruke pAsa saba siddhAnta sunakara satva-sthAnakI racanA kI thii| paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtArake anusAra ArAke jainasiddhAnta bhavanameM kanakanandi AcAryakA racA huA 'tribhaMgI' nAmakA eka grantha hai, jo 1400 zloka pramANa hai aura ve yahI kanakanandi hoNge| trilokasArakI vyAkhyA kartA mAdhavacandra vidyadeva AcArya nemicandra ke ziSya mAlUma hote haiM / mUlagranthameM bhI inakI kaI gAthAyeM sammilita haiM aura ve mUlameM zAmila kI gaI haiM / gommaTasArameM bhI inakI kaI gAthAyeM saMgraha kI gaI haiM jo saMskRta TIkAkI utthAnikAse mAlUma hotI haiM / saMskRta gadyamaya kSapaNAsAra bhI jo ki labdhisArameM zAmila hai, inhIM mAdhavacandrakA hai / __zrInemicandra siddhAntacakravartIkI gommaTasAra aura trilokasAra nAmakI do racanAyeM prasiddha haiM aura ye donoM hI saMgraha grantha haiN| ina donoMkI hI adhikAMza gAthAyeM dhavala siddhAnta aura tiloyapaNNattise sAra rUpameM saMgraha kI gaI haiM / inameMse 1 jassa ya pAyapasAeNaNaMtasaMsArajalAhamuttiNo / vIriMdaNaMdivaccho NamAmi taM iMdaNaMdiguruM // 436 // ka0 kA. 2 varaiMdaNaMdiguruNo pAse soUNa sayalasiddhataM / sirikaNayaNaMdiguruNA sattahANaM samuddihaM / / 396 // " 3 jainahitaiSI bhAga 14, aMka 6, pR0 165-66 /

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cAmuNDarAya aura unake samakAlIna AcArya 299 gommaTasAra to cAmuNDarAyakI hI preraNAse unhoMne banAyA hai aura jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai unhIMke gommaTarAya nAmapara isakA nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hai / gommaTasArakA pariziSTarUpa labdhisAra bhI yativRSabhake kaSAya-prAbhRtaparase inhoMne saMgraha kiyA hai / AcArya nemicandrakI anya kisI racanAkA hameM patA nahIM hai / jisa taraha cakravartI apane zAsana-cakrase bhAratavarSake chaha khaNDoMko sAdhatA hai, yA apane adhIna karatA hai, usI taraha AcArya nemicandrane apane buddhirUpa cakrase SaTkhaMDAgamako sAdhA / isIlie ve siddhAntacakravartI kahaloya / samaya-vicAra prArambhameM hI kahA jA cukA hai ki cAmuNDarAya gaMganareza rAcamalake maMtrI the aura unakA rAjyakAla vi0 saM0 1031 se 1041 taka hai / cAmuNDarAyane apanA cAmuNDarAya purANa za0 saM0 900 arthAt vi0 saM0 1035 meM samApta kiyA thaa| kanar3I bhASAke suprasiddha kavi rannane apanA 'purANa-tilaka' (ajitapurANa) nAmaka grantha za0 saM0 915 arthAt vi0 saM0 1050 meM samApta kiyA thaa| usane apane Upara cAmuNDarAyakI vizeSa kRpA honekA ullekha kiyA hai| isase cAmuNDarAyakA samaya vikramakI gyArahavIM sadIkA pUrvArdha nizcita hotA hai| mAdhavacandra vidyadevane tiloyasAra-TIkAmeM likhA hai ki cAmuNDarAyako prti.| buddha karaneke lie nemicandra si0 ca0 ne isa granthakI racanA kI aura isI taraha gommaTasArakI mandaprabodhikA TIkAke kartI abhayacandra kahate haiM ki gaMganareza 1 jaha cakkeNa ya cakkI chakkhaMDa sAhiyaM avigyeNa / taha maicakkeNa mayA chakkhaMDa sAhiyaM sammaM / / 397-ka0 kA0 2 zrImadapratihatApratimaniHpratipakSaniSkaraNabhagavannemicandrasaiddhAntadevazcaturanuyogacaturudadhipAragazcAmuNDarAyapratibodhanavyAjena azeSavineyajanapratibodhanArtha trilokasAranAmAnaM granthamAracayan 3 siMhanandimunIndrAminanditagaMgavaMzalalAma ... zrImadrAcamalladevamahIvallabhamahAmAtyapadavirAjamAna raNaraMgamallAsahAyaparAkramaguNaratnabhUSaNa-samyaktvaratnanilayAdivividhaguNagrAmanAmasamAsAditakIrti ... zrIcAmuNDarAyabhavyapuNDarIka-dravyAnuyogapraznAnurUpam ... ...

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300 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa gacamallake mahAmAtya cAmuNDarAyake praznake anurUpa yaha grantha banAyA gyaa| isase ukta donoM granthoMke kartA nemicandra si0 ca0 aura unake sahayogiyoM-vIranandi, indranandi, kanakanandi, mAdhavacandra-kA samaya bhI vikramakI gyArahavIM sadIkA pUrvArdha ThaharatA hai| zrIvAdirAjasUrine apanA pArzvanAthacarita kAvya za0 saM0 947 (vi0 saM0 1082 ) meM samApta kiyA hai' aura unhoMne usake prArambhameM pUrva kaviyoMkI stuti karate hue vIranandike candraprabhakAvyakA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| arthAt vi0 saM0 1082 taka ukta kAvyakI khyAti ho cukI thI aura isase bhI pUrvokta samayakI puSTi hotI hai| 1 zAkAbde nagavAdhirandhragaNane saMvatsare krodhane mAse kArtikanAmni buddhamahite zuddhe tRtIyA dine / siMhe pAti jayAdike vasumatI jainI katheyaM mayA niSpattiM gamitA satI bhavatu vaH kalyANaniSpattaye ||-paa0 ca0 2 candraprabhAbhisambaddhA rasapuSTA manaHpriyA / kumadvatIva no dhatte bhAratI vIranandinaH // 30-pA0 ca0

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mahAkavi puSpadanta apabhraMza-sAhitya mahAkavi puSpadanta apabhraMza bhASA ke kavi the / isa bhASAkA sAhitya jainapustaka-bhaMDAroMmeM bharA par3A hai / apabhraMza bahuta samaya taka yahA~kI loka bhASA rahI hai aura isakA sAhitya bhI bahuta hI lokapriya rahA hai / rAjadarabAroMmeM bhI isakI kAphI pratiSThA thI / rAjazekharakI kAvya-mImAMsAse patA calatA hai ki rAjasabhAoM meM rAjAsanake uttarakI ora saMskRta kavi, pUrvakI ora prAkRta kavi aura pazcimakI ora apabhraMza kaviyoMko sthAna milatA thA / pichale 25-30 varSoM se hI isa bhASA kI ora vidvAnoMkA dhyAna AkarSita huA hai aura aba to vartamAna prAntIya bhASAoMkI jananI hone ke kAraNa bhASAzAstriyoM aura bhinna bhinna bhASAoM kA itihAsa likhanevAloMke lie isa bhASAke sAhityakA adhyayana bahuta hI Avazyaka ho gayA hai / idhara isa sAhitya ke bahuta-se grantha bhI prakAzita ho gaye haiM aura ho rahe haiM / kaI yUnIvarsiTiyoMne apane pAThyakrama meM bhI apabhraMza granthoMko sthAna denA prAraMbha kara diyA hai / puSpadanta isa bhASA ke eka mahAn kavi the / unakI racanAoM meM jo oja, jo pravAha, jo rasa aura jo saundarya hai vaha anyatra durlabha hai / bhASApara unakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai / unake zabdoM kA bhaMDAra vizAla hai aura zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra donoMse hI unakI kavitA samRddha hai / unakI sarasa aura sAlaMkAra racanAyeM na kevala par3hI hI jAtI thIM, ve gAI bhI jAtI thIM aura loga. unheM par3ha-sunakara mugdha ho jAte the / sthAnAbhAvake kAraNa racanAoMke udAharaNa dekara unakI kalA aura sundaratAkI carcA karane se virata honA par3A / kula - paricaya aura dharma puSpadanta kAzyapagotrIya brAhmaNa the / unake pitAkA nAma kezavabhaTTa aura

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302 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa mAtAkA mugdhA devI thaa| unake mAtA pitA pahale zaiva the, parantu pIche kisI digambara jaina guruke upadezAmRtako pAkara jaina ho gaye the aura antameM unhoMne jina-saMnyAsa lekara zarIra tyAgA thA / nAgakumAracaritake antameM kavine aura aura logoMke sAtha apane mAtA pitAkI bhI kalyANa-kAmanA kI hai aura vahA~ isa bAtako spaSTa kiyA hai| isase anumAna hotA hai ki kavi svayaM bhI pahale zaiva the / kavike AzrayadAtA mahAmAtya bharatane jaba unase mahApurANake racanekA Agraha kiyA, taba kahA ki tumane pahale bhairava narendrako mAnA hai aura usako parvatake samAna dhIra vIra aura apanI zrIvizeSase surendrako jItanevAlA varNana kiyA hai| isase jo mithyAtvabhAva utpanna huA hai, usakA yadi tuma isa samaya prAyazcitta kara DAlo, to tumhArA paraloka sudhara jAya / isase bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki pahale 'puSpadanta zaiva hoMge aura zAyada usI avasthAmeM unhoMne bhairavanarendrakI koI yazogAthA likhI hogii| stotra-sAhityameM 'zivamahimna stotra' bahuta prasiddha hai aura usake kartAkA nAma 'puSpadanta' hai| asambhava nahIM jo vaha inhIM puSpadantakI usa samayakI racanA 1 mUla paMktiyA~ kaThina honeke kAraNa yahA~ unheM saskRtacchAyAsahita diyA jAtA hai / sivabhattAI mi jiNasaNNAseM ve vi mayAI duriyaNiNNAseM / baMbhaNAI kAsavarisigottaiM guruvayaNAmiyapUriyasottaI / / muddhAevIkesavaNAmaI mahu piyarAiM hotu suhadhAmaiM / [zivabhaktau Apa jinasaMnyAsena dvau api mRtau duritAnirNAzena / brAhmaNau kAzyapaRSigotrau guruvacanAmRtapUritazrotrau / mugdhAdevikezavanAmAnau mama pitarau bhavatAM sukhadhAmanI // ] ' guru ' zabdapara mUla pratimeM - digambara ' TippaNa diyA huA hai| 2 NiyasirivisesaNijjiyasuriMda, giridhIravIrabhairavaNariMdu / paI maNNiu vaNNiu vIrarAu, uppaNNau jo micchattabhAu / pacchittu tAsu jai karai ajju, tA ghaDai tujjhu paraloyakajju / 3 Age batalAyA hai ki yaha yazogAthA zAyada ' kathAmakaranda ' nAmakI hogI aura usakA nAyaka bhairava-narendra / bhairava kahA~ke rAjA the, isakA abhI taka patA nahIM lagA /

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 303 ho jaba ye zaiva the| jayantabhaTTane isa stotrakA eka padya apanI nyAya-maMjarImeM 'uktaM ca' rUpase uddhRta kiyA hai| yadyapi abhI taka jayantabhaTTakA ThIka samaya nizcita nahIM huA hai, isa lie jora dekara nahIM kahA jA sktaa| phira bhI sambhAvanA hai ki jayanta puSpadantake bAdake hoMge aura taba zivamahimna inhIM puSpadantakA hogaa| unakI racanAoMse mAlUma hotA hai ki jainetara sAhityase unakA pragAr3ha paricaya thaa| unakI upamAyeM aura utprekSAyeM bhI isI bAtakA saMketa karatI haiN| __ apane granthoM meM unhoMne isa bAtakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA ki ve kaba jaina hue aura kaise hue, apane kisI jainaguru aura sampradAya AdikI bhI koI carcA unhoMne nahIM kI, parantu khayAla yahI hotA hai ki pahale ve bhI apane mAtA pitAke hI samAna zaiva hoNge| yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ve mAtA-pitAke jaina honeke bAda jaina hue yA pahale / parantu isa bAtameM sandehakI guMjAiza nahIM hai ki ve dRr3ha zraddhAnI jaina the| unhoMne jagaha jagaha apaneko 'jiNapayabhAttaM dhammAsattiM vayasaMjuttiM uttamasattiM viyaliyasaMkiM' arthAt jinapadabhakta, vratasaMyukta, vigalitazaMka Adi vizeSaNa diye haiM aura 'maggiyapaNDitapaDitamaraNe' arthAt 'paMDita-paNDitamaraNa pAnekI tathA bodhisamAdhikI AkAMkSA prakaTa kI hai| ___ 'siddhAntazekhara' nAmaka jyotiSa graMthake kartA zrIpati bhaTTa nAgadevake putra aura kezavabhaTake pautra the / jyotiSaratnamAlA, daivajJavallabha, jAtakapaddhati, gaNitatilaka, bIjagaNita, zrIpati-nibaMdha, zrIpatisamuccaya, zrIkoTidakaraNa, dhruvamAnasakaraNa Adi graMthoMke kartA bhI zrIpati haiN| ve bar3e bhArI jyotiSI the / hamArA anumAna hai ki puSpadantake pitA kezavabhaTTa aura zrIpatike pitAmaha kezavabhaTTa eka 1 balijImUtadadhIciSu sarveSu svargatAmupagateSu / sampratyananyagatikastyAgaguNo bharatamAvasati // Adi / 2 yaha grantha kalakattAyUnIvarsiTIne abhI hAla hI prakAzita kiyA hai / 3 gaNitatilaka zrIsiMhatilakasUrikRta TIkAsahita gAyakavADa oriyaNTala sIrIjameM prakAzita huA hai|

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304 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa hI the' / kyoM ki eka to donoM hI kAzyapa gotrIya haiM aura dUsare donoMke samayameM bhI adhika antara nahIM hai / kezavabhaTTake eka putra puSpadanta hoMge aura dUsare nAgadeva / puSpadaMta niSputrakalatra the, parantu nAgadevako zrIpati jaise mahAn jyotiSI putra hue| yadi yaha anumAna ThIka ho, to zrIpatiko puSpadantakA bhatIjA samajhanA cAhie / __puSpadanta mUlameM kahA~ke rahanevAle the, unakI racanAoMmeM isa bAtakA koI ullekha nahIM milatA / parantu unakI bhASA batalAtI hai ki ve karnATakake yA usase aura dakSiNake dravir3a prAntoMke to nahIM the / kyoMki eka to unakI sArI racanAoMmeM kanar3I aura dravir3a bhASAoMke zabdoMkA abhAva hai, dUsare aba taka apabhraMza bhASAkA aisA eka bhI graMtha nahIM milA hai jo karnATaka yA usake nIceke kisI pradezakA banA huA ho| apabhraMza sAhityakI racanA prAyaH gujarAta, mAlavA, barAra aura uttarabhAratameM hI hotI rahI hai| ataeva adhika saMbhava yahI hai ki ve isI orake hoN| zrIpati jyotiSI rohiNIkheDake rahanevAle the aura rohiNIkheDa barArake bulaDhAnA jilekA rohanakher3a nAmakA gA~va jAna par3atA hai|' yadi zrIpati sacamuca hI puSpa1 bhaTTakezavaputrasya nAgadevasya nandanaH, zrIpatI rohiNIkha(khe)De jyoti:zAstramidaM vyadhAt / -dhruvmaanskrnn| 2 jyotiSaratnamAlAkI mahAdevapraNIta TIkAmeM zrIpatikA kAzyapa gotra batalAyA hai" kAzyapavaMzapuNDarIkakhaNDamArtaNDa: kezavasya pautraH nAgadevasya sUnuH zrIpatiH saMhitArthamAbhadhAturicchurAha-" 3 mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 sudhAkara dvivedIne apanI 'gaNitatarAMgaNI'meM zrIpatikA samaya za0 saM0 921 batalAyA hai aura svayaM zrIpatine apane 'dhIkoTidakaraNa meM arhagaNasAdhanake lie za0 saM0 961 kA upayoga kiyA hai jisase anumAna hotA hai ki ve ukta samaya taka jIvita the / dhruvamAnasakaraNake sampAdakane zrIpatikA samaya za0 saM0 950 ke AsapAsa batalAyA hai / puSpadanta za0 saM0 894 kI mAnyakheTakI lUTa taka balki usake bhI bAda taka jIvita the / ataeva donoMke bIca jo antara hai, vaha itanA adhika nahIM hai ki cacA aura bhatIjeke bIca saMbhava na ho / zrIpatine umra bhI zAyada adhika pAI ho / 4 bulaDhAnA jileke gajeTiyarase patA calA hai ki isa rohanakheDameM IsAkI 15-16 vIM zatAbdimeM khAnadezake sUbedAroM aura bahamanI khAndAnake navAboMke bIca aneka lar3AiyA~ huI hai|

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 305 dantake bhatIje hoM to puSpadantako bhI barArakA hI rahanevAlA mAnanA cAhie / barArakI bhASA marAThI hai / abhI ga0 vA tagAre ema0 e0, bI0 TI0 nAmaka vidvAnane puSpadantako prAcIna marAThIkA mahAkavi batalAyA hai aura unakI racanAoMmeMse bahutase aise zabda cunakara batalAye haiM, jo prAcIna marAThIse milate julate haiM / vaiyAkaraNa mArkaNDeyane apane prAkRta-sarvasva ' meM apabhraMza bhASAke nAgara, upanAgara aura vAcaTa ye tIna bheda kiye haiM / inameMse vAcaTako lATa (gujarAta) aura vidarbha (barAra) kI bhASA batalAyA hai / so puSpadantakI apabhraMza vAcaTa honI caahie| zrIpatine apanI ' jyotiparatnamAlA' para svayaM eka marAThI TIkA likhI thI, jo suprasiddha itihAsakAra rAjabAr3e ko milI thI aura unhoMne use san 1914meM prakAzita bhI karA diyA thaa| mujhe usakI prati abhI taka nahIM mila skii| usake prArambhakA aMza isa prakAra hai-" te yA IzvararUpA kAlAta mi / graMthukartA zrIpati nmskaarii| mI zrIpati ratnAci mAlA rcito|" isakI bhASA gItAkI prasiddha TIkA jJAnezvarIse milatI julatI hai| isase bhI anumAna hotA hai ki zrIpati barArake hI hoMge aura isa lie puSpadantakA bhI vahIMkA honA sambhava hai| sabase pahale puSpadantakA hama melAr3i yA melapATIke eka udyAnameM pAte haiM aura phira usake bAda mAnyakheTameM / melAr3i uttara arkATa jilemeM hai jahA~ kucha kAlataka rASTrakUTa mahArAjA kRSNa tRtIyakA senAsanniveza rahA thA aura vahIM unakA bharata maMtrIse sAkSAt hotA hai| nijAma-rAjyakA vartamAna malakher3a hI mAnyakheTa hai| yadyapi isa samaya malakher3a mahArASTrakI sImAke antargata nahIM mAnA jAtA, parantu bahutase vidvAnoMkA mata hai rASTrakUToMke samayameM vaha mahArASTrameM hI ginA jAtA thii| aura isalie taba vahA~ taka vaidarbhI apabhraMzakI pahu~ca avazya rahI hogii| 1 dekho sahyAdri ( mAsikapatra ) kA apraila 1941 kA aMka, pR0 253-56 / 2 kucha thor3ese zabda dekhie-ukkuraDa-ukiraDA (bUrA), gaMjolliya-gA~jalele (dukhI), cikkhilla=cikhala (kIcar3a), tuppa-tUpa (dhI), paMguraNa-pAMgharUNa (Ar3hanA), pheDa =pheDaNe (lauTAnA), bokkaDa bokar3a (bakararA), Adi /

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306 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa rASTrakUToMkI rAjadhAnI pahale nAsikake pAsa mayUrakhaMDImeM thI, jo mahArASTrameM hI hai / ataeva rASTra kuTa isI taraphake the / mAnyakheTako unhoMne apanI rAjadhAnI sudUra dakSiNake antapipara zAsana karanekI suvidhAke lie banAyA thaa| kyoMki mAnyakheTameM kendra rakha kara hI cola, cera, pANDya dezoMpara ThIka tarahase zAsana kiyA jA sakatA thaa| bharatako kavine kaI jagaha bharata bhaTTa likhA hai / nAillai aura sIlaiya bhI bhaTTa vizeSaNake sAtha ullikhita hue haiM / isase anumAna hotA hai ki puSpadaMtako ina bhaTToMke mAnyakheTameM rainekA patA hogA aura usI sUtrase ve ghUmate ghAmata usa tarapha pahu~ce hoNge| bahuta saMbhava hai ki ye loga bhI puSpadantaka hI prAntake hoM aura mahAn rASTrakUToMkI sampanna rAjadhAnImeM apanA bhAgya AjamAneke lie Akara basa gaye hoM aura kAlAntarameM rAjamAnya ho gaye hoN| usa samaya barAra bhI rASTrakUToMke adhikArameM thA, ataeva vahA~ke logoMkA AvAgamana mAnyakheTa taka honA svAbhAvika hai| kamase kama vidyopajIvI logoMke lie to ' purandarapurI' mAnyakheTakA AkarSaNa bahuta jyAdA rahA hogaa| bharata maMtrIko kavine 'prAkRtakavikAvyarasAvalubdha' kahA hai aura prAkRtase yahA~ unakA matalaba apabhraMzase hI jAna par3atA hai| isa bhASAko ve acchI taraha jAnate hoMge aura usakA AnaMda le sakate hoMge, tabhI na unhoMne kaviko itanA utsAhita aura sammAnita kiyA hogA ? vyaktitva aura svabhAva puSpadantakA eka nAma 'khaMDe' thaa| zAyada yaha unakA gharU aura bolacAlakA nAma hogA / mahArASTrameM khaMDUjI, khaMDobA nAma aba bhI kasaratase rakkhA 1 (ka) jo vihiNA Nimmau kanvapiMDu, taM NisuNe vi so saMcaliu khaMDu / -ma0 pu0 sandhi 1 ka0 6 (kha) mugdhe zrImadanindyakhaNDasukaverbandhurguNairunnataH / -ma0 pu0 sandhi 3 (ga) vAJchannityamahaM kutUhalavatI khaNDasya kIrtiH kRteH / -ma0 pu0 sa0 39

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 307 jAtA hai / abhimAnameru, abhimAna-cihna, kAvyaratnaukara, kavikulatilaka, sarasvatInilaya, kavvapisailla ( kAvyapizAca yA kAvyarAkSasa ) ye unakI padaviyA~ thIM / yaha pichalI padavI bar3I adbhuta-sI hai; parantu isakA unhoMne svayaM hI prayoga kiyA hai / zAyada apanI mahatI kavitvazaktike kAraNa hI yaha pada unhoMne pasanda kiyA ho / 'abhimAnamaru' pada unake svabhAvako bhI vyakta karatA hai / ve bar3e hI svAbhimAnI the / mahApurANakI utthAnikAse mAlUma hotA hai ki jaba ve khalajanoM1 (ka) taM suNevi bhaNai ahimANameru / -ma0 pu0 1-3-12 (kha) kaM yAsyasyabhimAnaratnanilayaM zrIpuSpadantaM vinA |-m0 pu0 saM0 45 (ga) NaNNahA maMdiri NivasaMtu saMtu, ahimANameru guNagaNamahaMtu / -nA0 ku0 1-2-2 2 vayasaMjuttiM uttamasattiM viyaliyasaMki ahimANaMkiM |-y0 ca0 4-31-3 3 bho bho kesavataNuruha Navasararuhamuha kavvarayaNarayaNAyara / ma0 pu0 1-4-10 4-5 (ka) taM NisuNe vi bharaheM vuttu tAva, bho kaikulatilaya vimukkagAva / -ma0 pu. 1-8-1 (kha) aggai kairAu puSphayaMtu srsinnilu| deviyahi sarUu vaNNai kaiyaNakulatilau / ---ya0 ca0 1-8-15 6 (ka) jiNacaraNakamalabhattillaeNa, tA jaMpiu kvvpisllenn| --ma0 pu0 1-8-8 (kha) bollAviu kaikavvapisallau, ki tuhuM saccau vappa ghillu| -ma0 pu0 38-3-5 (ga) NaNassa patthaNAe kavvapisallaeNa pahasiyamuheNa / -nA0 antima padya ........... 'mahi paribhamaMtu melADiNayaru / avaheriyakhalayaNu guNamahaMtu, diyahehiM parAiu puSphayaMtu / gaMdaNavINa kira vIsamai jAma, tahiM viNi purisa saMpatta tAma / paNaveppiNu tehiM pavuttu eva, bho khaMDa galiyapAvAvaleva / paribhamirabhamararavagumagumaMti, kiM kira Nivasahi NijaNavaNaMti / karisarabahiriyadicakkavAli, paisarahi Na kiM puravIra visAli / taM suNivi bhaNai ahimANameru, vara khajai girikaMdari kaseru /

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308 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa - - dvAroM avahelita aura durdinoMse parAjita hokara ghUmate ghAmate melapATIke bAhara eka bagIcemeM vizrAma kara rahe the, taba 'ammaiya' aura 'indra' nAmaka do puruSoMne Akara unase kahA, "Apa isa nirjana vanameM kyoM par3e hae haiM, pAsake nagarameM kyoM nahIM calate ?" isake uttarameM unhoMne kahA, "girikandarAoMmeM ghAsa khAkara rahajAnA acchA parantu durjanoMkI Ter3hI bhauMheM dekhanA acchA nahIM / mAtAkI kU~khase janmate hI mara jAnA acchA parantu kisI rAjAke bhUkuMcita netra dekhanA aura usake kuvacana sunanA acchA nhiiN| kyoMki rAjalakSmI Dhurate hue cavaroMkI havAse sAre guNoMko ur3A detI hai, abhiSekake jalase sujanatAko dho DAlatI hai, vivekahIna banA detI hai, darpase phUlI rahatI hai, mohase aMdhI rahatI hai, mAraNazIlA hotI hai, saptAMga rAjyake bojhese ladI rahatI hai, pitA-putra donoMmeM ramaNa karatI hai, viSakI sahodarA aura jaDa-rakta hai / loga isa samaya aise nIrasa, aura nirvizeSa (guNAvaguNavicArarahita ) ho gaye haiM ki bRhaspatike samAna guNiyoMkA bhI dveSa karate haiM / isa lie maiMne isa vanakI zaraNa lI hai aura yahIMpara abhimAnake sAtha mara jAnA ThIka samajhA hai / " pAThaka dekheMge ki ina paMktiyoM meM kitanA svAbhimAna aura rAjAoM tathA dUsare hRdayahIna logoMke prati kitane jvAlAmaya udgAra bhare haiM ! aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki kisI rAjAke dvArA avahelita yA upekSita hokara hI ve gharase cala diye the aura bhramaNa karate hue aura bar3A lambA durgama rAstA taya karake Nau dujanabhau~hAvaMkiyAI, dIsaMtu kalusabhAvaMkiyAiM / vara Naravaru dhavalacchihe hohu ma kucchihe marau soNimuhaNiggame / khalakucchiyapahuvayaNaI bhiuDiyaNayaNaI ma NihAlau sUruggame / camarANilauDDAviyaguNAi, ahiseyadhoyasuyaNattaNAi / aviveyai dapputtAliyAi, mohaMdhai mAraNasIliyAi / sattaMgarajabharabhAriyAi, piuputtaramaNarasayAriyAi / visasahajammai jaDarattiyAi, kiM lacchii viusavirattiyAi / saMpai jaNu nIrasu Nivvisesu, guNavaMtau jahiM suraguruvi desu / tahiM amhaha lai kANaNu ji saraNu, ahimANe sahuM vari hou maraNu /

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mahAkavi puSpadanta melapATI pahu~ce the' / unakA svabhAva svAbhimAnI aura kucha ugra to thA hI, ataeva koI Azcarya nahIM jo rAjAkI jarA-sI bhI Ter3hI bhoMhako ve na saha sake hoM aura isIlie nagara meM calane ke Agraha karanepara una do puruSoMke sAmane hI rAjAoMpara barasa par3e hoM / apane ugra svabhAvake kAraNa hI ve itane cir3ha gaye aura unheM itanI vitRSNA ho gaI ki sarvatra durjana hI durjana dikhAI dene lage, aura sArA saMsAra niSphala, nIrasa, zuSka pratIta hone lagoM / jAna par3atA hai mahAmAtya bharata manuSya-svabhAva ke bar3e pArakhI the / unhoMne kavi - varakI prakRtiko samajha liyA aura apane sadvyavahAra, samAdara aura vinayazIlatAse santuSTa karake unase vaha mahAn kArya karA liyA jo dUsarA zAyada hI 309 karA sakatA / rAjAke dvArA avahelita aura upekSita honeke kAraNa dUsare logoMne bhI zAyada unake sAtha acchA vyavahAra nahIM kiyA hogA, isalie rAjAoMke sAtha sAtha auroMse bhI ve prasanna nahIM dikhalAI dete, unako bhI burA-bhalA kahate haiM; parantu bharata aura nannakI lagAtAra prazaMsA karate hue bhI ve nahIM thakate / uttarapurANake antameM unhoMne apanA paricaya isa rUpameM diyA hai, " siddhivilAsinI ke manohara dUta, mugdhA devIke zarIra se saMbhUta, nirdhanoM aura dhaniyoM ko eka dRSTise dekhanevAle, sAre jIvoMke akAraNa mitra, zabdasalilase bar3hA huA hai kAvya-srota jinakA, kezava ke putra, kAzyapagotrI, sarasvatIvilAsI, sUne par3e hue gharoM aura devakulikAoM meM rahanevAle, kalike prabala pApa-paTaloM se rahita, begharabAra, putrakalatrahIna, nadiyoM vApikAoM aura sarovaroM meM snAna karanevAle, purAne vastra aura balkala pahinanevAle, dhUladhUsarita aMga, durjanoM ke saMgase dUra rahanevAle, jamInapara sonevAle aura apane hI hAthoMko or3hanevAle, paMDita-paMDitamaraNakI pratIkSA karanevAle, mAnyakheTa nagarameM rahanevAle, manameM arahaMtadevakA dhyAna karanevAle, bharatamaMtrIdvArA sammAnita, apane kAvyaprabaMdha se logoMko pulakita karanevAle aura pAparUpa kIcar3ako jinhoMne dho DAlA hai, aise abhimAnameru puSpadantane, yaha kAvya jina - padakamaloMmeM hAtha jor3e hue bhaktipUrvaka krodhanasaMva 1 dekho pichale uddharaNa | 2 jo jo dIsai so so dujjaNu, Nimphalu NIrasu jaM sukkauvaNu /

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310 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa satrakI asAr3ha sudI dasavIM ko banAyA' / isa paricayase kavikI prakRti aura unakI nissaMgatAkA hamAre sAmane eka citra-sA khiMca jAtA hai / eka bar3e bhArI sAmrAjya ke mahAmaMtrIdvArA atizaya sammAnita hote hue bhI ve sarvathA akiMcana aura nirlipta hI rahe jAna par3ate haiM / nAmamAtra ke gRhastha hokara eka taraha se ve muni hI the / 1 eka jagaha ve bharata mahAmAtya se kahate haiM ki " maiM dhanako tinakeke samAna ginatA hU~ | use maiM nahIM letA / maiM to kevala akAraNa premakA bhUkhA hU~ aura isIse tumhAre mahalameM hU~* / merI kavitA to jina caraNoMkI bhaktisaM hI sphurAyamAna hotI hai, jIvikA - nirvAhake khayAlase nahIM / " isa tarahakI niSpRhatAmeM hI svAbhimAna Tika sakatA hai aura aise hI puruSako * abhimAnameru pada zobhA detA hai | kavine eka do jagaha apane rUpakA bhI varNana kara diyA hai, jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki unakA zarIra bahuta hI dubalA 1 , 1 siddhivilAsiNimaNaharadUeM, muddhAevItaNusaMbhUeM / giddhaNa saghaNaloya samacitteM, savvajIvaNikkAraNamit // 21 saddasalilaparivaDDhiyasotteM, kesavaputte kAsavagotteM / vimalasarAsaijaNiyavilAseM, suNNabhavaNadeva ulaNivAseM // 22 kalimalapavalapaDalaparicatteM, NigghareNa NiSputtakalatteM / Nai-vAvI-talAya-sarahNANeM, jara-cIvara vakkala- parihANeM || 23 dhIreM dhUla dhUsariyaMgeM, dUruyarujjhiya- dujaNasaMgeM | mahisayaNayaleM karapaMguraNeM, maggiyapaMDiyapaMDiyamaraNeM // 24 maNakheDa puravare NivasaMteM, maNe arahaMtu deu jhAyaMteM / bharamaNNaNije nayaNilaeM, kavvapabaMdha jaNiyajaNapulaMeM / / 25 pupphayaMtakaraNA dhuyapaMkeM, jai ahimANameruNAmakeM | kau kavvu bhattie paramatyeM, jiNapayapaMkayamauliyahatthe // 26 kohaNasaMvacchare AsADhae, dahamae diyahe caMdaruirUDhae / 2 dhaNu taNusamu majjhu Na taM gahaNu, gehu NikArimu icchami / devIsua sudaNihi teNa hauM, Nilae tuhArae acchami // - 20 uttara pu0 3 majjhu kaitaNu jiNapayabhattiheM, pasarai Nau NiyajIviyavitti / - - u0 pu0

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 311 patalA aura sA~valA thA / ve bilkula kurUpa the' parantu sadA ha~sate rahate the / jaba bolate the to unakI sapheda dantapaMktise dizAe~ dhavala ho jAtI thIM / yaha unakI. spaSTavAditA aura nirahaMkAratAkA hI nidarzana hai, jo unhoMne apaneko zuddha kurUpa kahanemeM bhI saMkoca na kiyA / puSpadantameM svAbhimAna aura vinayazIlatAkA eka vicitra sammelana dIkha par3atA hai / eka ora to ve apaneko aisA mahAn kavi batalAte haiM jisakI bar3e bar3e vizAla graMthoMke jJAtA aura muddatase kavitA karanevAle bhI barAbarI nahIM kara sakate aura sarasvatIse kahate haiM ki he devI, abhimAnaratnanilaya puSpadantake binA tuma kahA~ jAogI-tumhArI kyA dazA hogI ? aura dUsarI ora kahate haiM ki maiM darzana, vyAkaraNa, siddhAnta, kAvya, alaMkAra kucha bhI nahIM jAnatA, garbhamUrkha huuN| na mujhameM buddhi hai, na zrutasaMga hai, na kisIkA bala hai / __ bhAvuka to sabhI kavi hote haiM parantu puSpadantameM yaha bhAvukatA aura bhI bar3hI car3hI thii| isa bhAvukatAke kAraNa ve svapna bhI dekhA karate the / AdipurANake samApta hA jAna para kisI kAraNa unheM kucha acchA nahIM laga rahA thA, ve 1 kasaNasarIre suddhakurUve muddhAevigabbhasaMbhUveM / 11-u0 pu0 2 NaNNassa patthaNAe kavvapisallena pahasiyamuheNa, NAyakumAracarittaM raiyaM siripuSphayaMteNa ||-nnaaykumaar ca0 pahasiyatuDiM kaiNA khaMDeM / -yazodhara carita 3 siyadaMtapaMtidhavalIkayAsu tA jaMpai varavAyAvilAsu / 4 Ajanma (?) kavitArasaikadhiSaNA saubhAgyabhAjo girAM, dRzyante kavayo vizAlasakalagranthAnugA bodhataH / kintu prauDhanirUDhagUDhamatinA zrIpuSpadaMtena bhoH, sAmyaM vibhrati (?) naiva jAtu kavitA zIghraM tvataH prAkRteH // -66 vIM saMdhi 5 loke durjanasaMkule hatakule tRSNAvase nIrase, sAlaMkAravacovicAracature lAlityalIlAdhare / bhadre devi sarasvati priyatame kAle kalau sAmprataM, kaM yAsyasyabhimAnaratnanilayaM zrIpuSpadantaM vinA // -80 vIM saMdhi 6 Nahu mahu buddhipariggahu Nahu suyasaMgahu Nau kAsuvi kerau balu |-u0 puka

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312 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa nirviSNase ho rahe the ki eka dina unheM svapnameM sarasvatI devIne darzana diyA aura kahA ki janmamaraNa-rogake nAza karanevAle arahaMta bhagavAnako, jo puNya-vRkSako sIMcane ke lie meghatulya haiM, namaskAra karo / ' yaha sunate hI kavirAja jAga uThe aura yahA~ vahA~ dekhate haiM to kahIM koI nahIM hai, ve apane gharameM hI haiM / unheM bar3I vismaya huaa| isake bAda bharatamaMtrIne Akara unheM samajhAyA aura taba ve uttarapurANakI racanAmeM pravRtta hue| kavike graMthoMse mAlUma hotA hai ki ve mahAn vidvAn the / unakA tamAma darzanazAstroMpara to adhikAra thA hI, jainasiddhAntakI jAnakArI bhI unakI asAdhAraNa thii| usa samayake granthakartA cAhe ve kisI bhI bhASAke hoM, saMskRtajJa to hote hI the| yadyapi abhI taka puSpadantakA koI svataMtra saMskRta grantha upalabdha nahIM huA hai, phira bhI ve saMskRtameM acchI racanA kara sakate the| isake pramANasvarUpa unake ve saMskRta padya peza kiye jA sakate haiM jo unhoMne mahApurANa aura yazodharacaritameM bharata aura nannakI prazaMsAmeM likhe haiM / vyAkaraNakI dRSTi se yadyapi unameM kahIM kahIM kucha skhalanAyeM pAI jAtI haiM, parantu ve kaviyoMkI niraMkuzatAkI hI dyotaka haiM, ajJAnatAkI nhiiN| kavikI grantha-racanA mahAkavi puSpadantake aba taka tIna grantha upalabdha hue haiM aura saubhAgyakI bAta hai ki ve tInoM hI Adhunika paddhatise susampAdita hokara prakAzita ho cuke haiN| 1 tisaTThimahApurisaguNAlaMkAru ( triSaSTimahApuruSaguNAlaMkAra ) yA mahApurANa / yaha AdipurANa aura uttarapurANa ina do khaDoMmeM vibhakta hai / ye donoM alaga alaga bhI milate haiM / inameM vesaTha zalAkA puruSoMke carita haiM / 1 maNi jAeNa kiM pi amaNojeM, kaivayadiyaha keNa vi kaje / NiviNNau thiu jAma mahAkai, tA sivaNaMtari patta sarAsai / bhaNai bhaDArI suhayaruohaM, paNamai aruhaM suhayarumehaM / iya NisuNevi viuddhau kaivaru, sayalakalAyaru Na chaNasasaharu / disau NihAlai kiM pi Na pecchai, jA vimhiyamai Niyaghari acchai / -mahApurANa 38-2

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 313 pahalemeM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadevakA aura dUsaremeM zeSa teIsa tIrthaMkaroMkA aura unake samayake anya mahApuruSoMkA / uttarapurANameM padmapurANa ( rAmAyaNa) aura harivaMzapugaNaM ( mahAbhArata ) bhI zAmila haiM aura ye bhI kahIM kahIM pRthak rUpameM milate haiM / ___ apabhraMza graMthoMmeM sargakI jagaha sandhiyA~ hotI haiM / AdipurANameM 80 aura uttarapurANameM 42 sandhiyA~ haiM / donoMkA zlokaparimANa lagabhaga bIsa hajAra hai / isakI racanAmeM kaviko lagabhaga chaha varSa lage the| yaha eka mahAn grantha hai aura jaisA ki kavine svayaM kahA hai, isameM saba kucha hai aura jo isameM nahIM hai vaha kahIM nahIM hai / __ mahAmAtya bharatakI preraNA aura prArthanAse yaha banAyA gayA, isalie kavine isakI pratyeka sandhike aMtameM ise ' mahAbhavabharatANumaNie ' ( mahAbhavyabharatAnumAnite ) vizeSaNa diyA hai aura isakI adhikAMza sandhiyoMmeM prArambhameM bharatakA vividha-guNakIrtana kiyA hai| jainapustakabhaNDAroMmeM isa granthakI anekAneka pratiyA~ milatI haiM / isapara aneka TippaNa-grantha bhI likhe gaye haiM, jinameMse AcArya prabhAcaMdra aura zrIcaMdra munike do TippaNa upalabdha bhI haiM / zrIcaMdrane apane TippaNameM likhA hai --' mUlaTippaNikAM cAlokyakRtamidaM samuccayaTippaNaM / ' isase mAlUma hotA hai ki isa granthapara svayaM granthakAMkI likhI huI mUla TippaNikA bhI thI, jisakA upayoga zrIcandrane kiyA haiM / jAna par3atA hai ki yaha grantha bahuta lokapriya aura prasiddha rahA hai / 1 kevala harivaMzapurANako jarmanIke eka vidvAn ' Alsa Darpha ' ne jarmanabhASAmeM sampAdita karake prakAzita kiyA hai / 2-atra prAkRtalakSaNAni sakalA nItiH sthiticchandasA marthAlaMkRtayo rasAzca vividhAstattvArthanirNItayaH / kiJcAnyadyadihAsti jainacarite nAnyatra tadvidyate / dvAvetau bharatezapuSpadazanau siddhaM yayorIdRzam / 3 ye guNakIrtanake sampUrNa padya mahApurANake prathama khaMDakI prastAvanAmeM aura jainasAhitya. saMzodhaka khaMDa 2 aMka 1 ke mere lekhameM prakAzita ho cake haiN| 4 prabhAcandrakRta TippaNa paramAra rAjA jayasiMhadevake rAjyakAlameM aura zrIcandrakA bhojadevake rAjyakAlameM likhA gayA hai| dekho, Ageke pRSThoMmeM ' zrIcandra aura prabhAcandra ' zIrSaka lekha /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa "" mahApurANakI prathama sandhike chaThe kar3avakameM jo ' vIrabhairavaNariMdu' zabda AyA hai, usapara prabhAcaMdrakRta TippaNa hai- ." vIrabhairavaH anyaH kazcidduSTaH mahA rAjo vartate, kathA - makarandanAyako vA kazcidrAjAsti / isase anumAna hotA hai ki 'kathA - makaranda' nAmakA bhI koI grantha puSpadaMtane banAyA hogA jisameM isa rAjAko apanI zrIvizeSase surendrako jItanevAlA aura parvata ke samAna dhIra batalAyA hai / bharatamaMtrI ne isIko lakSya karake kahA thA ki tumane isa rAjAkI prazaMsA karake jo mithyAtvabhAva utpanna kiyA hai, usakA prAyazcitta karane ke lie mahApurANakI racanA karo | yaha bahuta karake apabhraMza bhASAkA hI kAvya-graMtha hogA aura mahApurANa se pahale kA hogA / 314 2 NAyakumAracariu ( nAgakumAracarita ) / yaha eka khaMDakAvya hai / isameM 9 sandhiyA~ hai aura yaha gaNNaNAmaMkiya ( nannanAmAMkita ) hai | isameM paMcamI ke upavAsakA phala batalAnevAlA nAgakumArakA carita hai / isakI racanA bahuta hI sundara aura praur3ha hai / yaha mAnyakheTameM nannake mandira ( mahala ) meM rahate hue banAyA gayA hai / prAraMbhameM kahA gayA hai ki mahodadhike guNavarma aura zobhana nAmaka do ziSyoMne prArthanA kI ki Apa paMcamI - phalakI racanA kIjie, mahAmAtya nannane bhI use sunane kI icchA prakaTa kI aura phira nAila aura zIlabhaTTane bhI Agraha kiyA / 3 jasaharacariu ( yazodharacarita ) | yaha bhI eka sundara khaMDakAvya hai aura isameM yazodhara nAmaka purANa- puruSakA carita varNita hai / isameM cAra sandhiyA~ haiM / yaha kathAnaka jainasampradAya meM itanA priya rahA hai ki somadeva, vAdirAja, vAsavasena, somakIrti, haribhadra, kSamAkalyANa Adi aneka digambara - zvetAmbara lekhakoMne ise apane apane DhaMga se prAkRta aura saMskRta meM likhA hai / yaha grantha bhI bharata ke putra aura vallabhanarendra ke gRhamaMtrIke lie unhIM ke mahalameM rahate hue likhA gayA thA, isalie kavine isake lie pratyeka sandhike antameM ' NaNNakaNNAbharaNa ( nannake kAnoMkA gahanA ) vizeSaNa diyA hai / isakI 8 " 1 koMDiSNagottaNahadiNayarAsu, vallahaNariMdaghara mahayarAsu / NaSNaho maMdira ghisaMtu saMtu, ahimANameru kai pupphayatu / - nAgakumAracarita 1-2-2

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mahAkavi puSpadanta dUsarI, tIsarI aura cauthI sandhike prArambha meM nannake guNakIrtana karanevAle tIna saMskRta padya haiN'| isa graMthakI kucha pratiyoM meM gandharva kavike banAye hue kucha kSepaka bhI zAmila ho gaye haiM jinakI carcA Age kI gaI hai / isakI kaI saTippaNa pratiyA~ bhI milatI haiM / bambaIke ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavanameM ( 804 ka ) eka prati aisI hai jisameM granthakI pratyeka paMktikI saMskRtacchAyA dI huI hai jo bahuta hI upayogI hai / 315 upalabdha graMthoM meM mahApurANa unakI pahalI racanA hai aura yazodharacarita sabase pichalI racanA | isakI antima prazasti usa samaya likhI gaI hai jaba yuddha aura lUTake kAraNa mAnyakheTakI durdazA ho gaI thI, vahA~ duSkAla par3A huA thA, loga bhUkhoM mara rahe the, jagaha jagaha nara kaMkAla par3e hue the / nAgakumAracarita isase. pahale bana cukA hogaa| kyoMki usameM spaSTa rUpase mAnyakheTako 'zrIkRSNarAjakI talavArase durgama ' batalAyA hai / arthAt usa samaya kRSNa tRtIya jIvita the / parantu yazodharacaritameM nannako kevala 'vallabhanarendragRhamahattara vizeSaNa diyA hai aura vallabhanarendra rASTrakUToMkI sAmAnya padavI thI / vaha khoTTigadeva ke lie bhI prayukta ho sakatI hai aura unake uttarAdhikArI karkake lie bhI / mahApurANa za0saM0 887 meM pUrNa huA thA aura mAnyakheTakI lUTa 894 ke lagabhaga huI / isa lie ina sAta barasoM ke bIca kavike dvArA ina do choTe choTe upalabdha graMthoMke sivAya aura bhI graMthoMke race jAnekI sambhAvanA hai 1 , koza -grantha | AcArya hemacandra ne apanI 'desInAmamAlA ' kI svopajJa vRtti meM kisI 'abhimAnacihna' nAmaka granthakartA ke sUtra aura svavivRttike padya uddhRta kiye haiN| kyA Azcarya hai jo abhimAnameru aura abhimAnacihna eka hI ho / yadyapi puSpadantane prAyaH sarvatra hI apane 'abhimAnameru' upanAmakA hI upayoga kiyA hai, phira bhI yazodharacarita ke antameM eka jagaha ahimANaM kiM ( abhimAnAMka ) yA abhimAnacihna bhI likhA hai / isase bahuta sambhava hai ki unakA koI desI zabdoMkA, koza grantha bhI svopajJaTIkAsahita ho jo AcArya hemacandra ke samakSa thA / 2 dekho kAraMjA-sIrIjakA yazodharacarita pR0, 24,47, aura 75 / 1 dekho, desInAmamAlA 1-144, 6 - 93, 7-1, 8-12,17 / 2 dekho yazodharacarita, pR0 100, paMkti 3 |

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kavike AzrayadAtA mahAbhAtya bharata / puSpadanta ne do AzrayadAtAoMkA ullekha kiyA hai, eka bharatakA aura dUsare nannakA / ye donoM pitA-putra the aura mahArAjAdhirAja kRSNarAja (tRtIya) ke mahAmAtya / kRSNa rASTrakuTa vazakA apane samayakA sabase parAkramI, digvijayI aura antima samrAT thaa| isase usake mahAmAtyoMkI yogyatA aura pratiSThAkI kalpanA sahaja hI kI jA sakatI hai / nanna zAyada apane pitAkI mRtyuke bAda mahAmAtya hue hoMge / yadyapi usa kAlameM yogyatApara kama dhyAna nahIM diyA jAtA thA, phira bhI bar3e bar3e rAjapada prAyaH vaMzAnugata hote the| bharatake pitAmahakA nAma aNNayyA, pitAkA eyaNa aura mAtAkA zrIdevI thA / ve koNDinya gotrake brAhmaNa the / kahIM kahIM inheM bharata bhaTTa bhI likhA hai / bharatakI patnIkA nAma kundavvA thA jisake garbhase nanna utpanna hue the| ___ bharata mahAmAtya-vaMzameM hI utpanna hue the parantu santAnakramase calI AI huI yaha lakSmI (mahAmAtyapada) kucha samayase unake kulase calI gaI thI jise unhoMne bar3I bhArI Apattike dinoMmeM apanI tejasvitA aura prabhukI sevAse phira prApta kara liyA thau~ / __ bharata jainadharmake anuyAyI the| unheM anavarata-racita-jinanAtha-bhAkta aura jinavara-samaya-prAsAdastambha arthAt nirantara jinabhagavAnakI bhakti karanevAle aura jainazAsanarUpa mahalake stambha likhA hai / kRSNa tRtIyake hI samayameM aura unhIMke sAmanta arikesarIkI chatrachAyAmeM bane hue nItivAkyAmRtameM amAtyake adhikAra batalAye gaye haiM-Aya, vyaya, svAmirakSA aura ganataMtrakI puSTi / "Ayo vyayaH svAmirakSA taMtrapoSaNaM caamaatyaanaamdhikaarH|" usa samaya sAdhAraNataH revenyU-minisTarako amAtya kahate the / parantu bharata mahAmAtya the| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve revenyUminisTarIke sivAya rAjyake anya vibhAgoMkA bhI kAma karate the / rASTrakUTa-kAlameM mantrIke lie zAstrajJake sivAya zastrajJa bhI honA Avazyaka thA, arthAt jarUrata honepara use yuddhakSetrameM bhI jAnA par3atA thaa| 1 mahamattavaMsadhayavaDu gahIru ( mahAmAtyavaMzadhvajapaTagabhIra ) / 2 tIvrApaddivaseSu bandhurahitenaikena tejasvinA,, santAnakramato gatA'pi hi ramA'kRSTA prabhoH sevayA / yasyAcArapadaM vadanti kavayaH saujanyasatyAspadaM, so'yaM zrIbharato jayatyanupamaH kAle kalau sAmpratam / / -ma0 pu0 15 vIM sandhi

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 317 eka jagaha puSpadantane likhA bhI hai ki ve vallabharAjake kaTakake nAyaka arthAt senApati hue the / isake sivAya ve rAjAke dAnamaMtrI bhI the / itihAsameM kRSNa tRtIyake eka maMtrI nArAyaNakA nAma to milatA hai, jo ki bahuta hI vidvAn aura rAjanItijJa thA parantu bharata mahAmAtyakA aba taka kisIko patA nahIM / kyoMki puSpadantakA sAhitya itihAsajJoke pAsa taka pahu~cA hI nahIM / puSpadantane apane mahApurANameM bharatakA bahuta kucha paricaya diyA hai / usake sivAya unhoMne usakI adhikAMza sandhiyoMke prArambhameM kucha prazastipadya pIchese bhI jor3e haiM jinakI saMkhyA 48 hai| unameMse chaha ( 5, 6, 16, 30, 35, 48) to zuddha prAkRtake haiM aura zeSa saMskRtake / inameMse 42 padyoMmeM bharatakA jo guNakIrtana kiyA gayA hai, usase bhI unake jIvanapara vistRta prakAza par3atA hai| ukta sArA guNAnuvAda ho sakatA hai ki kavitvapUrNa honeke kAraNa atizayoktimaya ho, parantu kavike svabhAvakA dekhate hue usameM sacAI bhI kama nahIM jAna pdd'tii| va sArI kalAoM aura vidyAoMmeM kuzala the, prAkRta kaviyoMkI racanAoMpara mugdha the, unhoMne sarasvatI surabhikA dUdha piyA thaa| lakSmI unheM cAhatI thii| ve satyapratijJa aura nirmatsara the / yuddhoMkA bojha Dhote Dhote unake kandhe ghisa gaye 1 sAyaM zrIbharataH kalaGkarahitaH kAntaH suvRttaH zuciH, sajjyotirmaNirAkaro pluta ivAno guNairbhAsate / vaMzo yena pavitratAmiha mahAmAtyAhvayaH prAptavAn, zrImadlabharAjazaktikaTake yazcAbhavannAyakaH / 2 haM ho bhadra pracaNDAvanipatibhavane tyAgasaMkhyAnakartA, ko'yaM zyAmaH pradhAnaH pravarakarikarAkArabAhuH prsnnH| dhanyaH prAleyapiNDopamadhavalayazo dhautadhAtrItalAntaH, khyAto bandhuH kavInAM bharata iti kathaM pAntha jAnAsi no tvam / / 3 dekho sAlauTagIkA zilAlekha, iM0 e0 jilda 4, pR0 60 / 4 bambaIke sarasvatI-bhavanameM mahApurANakI jo bahuta hI azuddha prati hai usaka 42 vIM sandhike bAda eka -- harati manaso mohaM ' Adi azuddha padya adhika diyA huA hai jAna par3atA hai anya pratiyoMmeM zAyada isa tarahake aura bhI kucha padya hoNge|

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318 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa the', arthAt unhoMne aneka lar3AiyA~ lar3I thiiN| bahuta hI manohara, kaviyoMke lie kAmadhenu, dInadukhiyoMkI AzA pUrI karanevAle, cAroM ora prasiddha, parastrIparAGmukha, saccaritra, unnatamati aura sujanoMke uddhAraka the| unakA raMga sA~valA thA, hAthIkI sUMDake samAna unakI bhujAyeM thIM, aGga suDaula the, netra sundara the aura ve sadA prasannamukha rahate the / bharata bahuta hI udAra aura dAnI the| kavike zabdoMmeM bali, jImUta, dadhIci Adike svargagata ho jAnese tyAga guNa agatyA bharata maMtrImeM hI Akara basa gayA thaa| eka sUktimeM kahA hai ki bharatake na to guNoMkI ginatI thI aura na unake zatruoMkI / yaha bilkula svAbhAvika hai ki itane bar3e padapara rahanevAleke, cAhe vaha kitanA hI guNI aura bhalA ho, zatru to ho hI jAte haiM / ___ isa samayake vicArazIla loga jisa taraha mandira Adi banavAnA chor3akara vidyopAsanAkI AvazyakatA batalAte haiM usI taraha bhavyAtmA bharatane bhI vApI, kUpa, tar3Aga aura jainamandira banavAnA chor3akara vaha mahApurANa banavAyA jo saMsArasamudrako ArAmase taraneke lie nAvatulya huA / bhalA usakI vandanA karaneko 1 ......... gosesakalA viNNANakusalu / pAyayakaikavvarasAvaluddha, saMpIyasarAsaisurahiduddha // kamalacchu amaccharu saccasadhu, raNabharadhuradharaNugghuDakhaMdhu / 2 savilAsavilAsiNihiyahatheNu, supasiddhamahAkaikAmadheNu / kANINadINaparipUriyAsu, jasapasarapasAhiyadasadisAsu // pararamaNiparammuhu suddhasIlu, uSNayamai suyaNuddharaNalIlu / 3 zyAmarucinayanasubhagaM lAvaNyaprAyamaGgamAdAya / bharatacchalena samprati kAmaH kAmAkRtimupetaH // 4 dekho, pRSTha 303 ke TippaNakA padya / 5 dhanadhavalatAzrayANAmacalasthitikAriNAM muhurdhamatAm / gaNanaiva nAsti loke bharataguNAnAmarINAM ca //

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 319 kisakA hRdaya nahIM caahtaa| isa mahAkaviko Azraya dekara aura premapUrNa Agrahase mahApurANakI racanA karAke sacamuca hI bharatane vaha kAma kiyA, jisase kavike sAtha unakI bhI kIrti cirasthAyI ho gaI / jainamandira aura vApI, kUpa, tar3AgAdi to na jAne kaba nAmazeSa ho jaate| ___ puSpadanta jaise phakkar3a, nirlobha, nirAsakta aura sasArase udvigna kavise mahApurANa jaisA mahAn kAvya banavA lenA bharatakA hI kAma thaa| itanA bar3A AdamI eka akiMcanakA itanA satkAra, itanI khuzAmada kare aura usake sAtha itanI sahRdayatAkA vyavahAra kare, yaha eka bar3I bhArI bAta hai| puSpadantakI mitratA honese bharatakA mahala vidyAvinodakA sthAna bana gayA / vahA~ pAThaka nirantara par3hate the, gAyaka gAte the aura lekhaka sundara kAvya likhate the| gRha-mantrI nanna ye bharatake putra the| nannako mahAmAtya nahIM kintu vallabhanarendrakA gRhamantrI likhA hai / unake viSayameM kavine thor3A hI likhA hai parantu jo kucha likhA hai, usase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve bhI apane pitAke suyogya uttarAdhikArI the aura kavikA apane pitAke hI samAna Adara karate the, tathA apane hI mahalameM rakhate the / nAgakumAracaritakI prazastike anusAra ve prakRtise saumya the, unakI kIrti 1 vApIkUpataDAgajainavasatIstyaktveha yatkAritaM, bhavyazrIbharatena sundaradhiyA jainaM purANaM mahat / tatkRtvA plavamuttamaM ravikRtiH (?) saMsAravArdheH sukhaM ko'nyat srasahaso ( ? ) sti kasya hRdayaM taM vandituM nehate // 2 iha paThitamudAraM vAcakairgIyamAnaM iha likhitamajasraM lekhakaizcArukAvyaM / gativati kavimitre mitratAM puSpadante bharata tava gRhesminbhAti vidyAvinodaH / 3 suhatuMgabhavaNavAvArabhAraNinvahaNavIradhavalassa / koMDillagottaNahasasaharassa payaIe somassa // 1 kuMdavvAganbhasamunbhavassa siribharahabhaTTataNayasya / jasapasarabhariyabhuvaNoyarassa jiNacaraNakamalabhasalassa // 2 aNavarayaraiyavarajiNaharassa jiNabhavaNapUyaNirayassa //

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320 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa sAre lokameM phailI huI thI, unhoMne jinamandira banavAye the, ve jinacaraNoMke bhramara the aura jinapUjAmeM nirata rahate the, jinazAsanake uddhAraka the, muniyoMko dAna dete the, pAparahita the, bAharI aura bhItarI zatruoMko jItanevAle the, dayAvAn , dInoMke zaraNa, rAjalakSmIke krIr3Asarovara, sarasvatIke nivAsa, tamAma vidvAnoMke sAtha vidyA-vinodameM nirata aura zuddhahRdaya the / eka prazastipadyame puSpadantane nannako unake putroM sahita prasanna rahanekA AzIrvAda diyA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki unake aneka putra the / para unake nAmokA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai| __ kRSNarAja ( tRtIya ) ke to ve gRhamaMtrI the hI, parantu unakI mRtyuke bAda khoTiMgadevakeM aura zAyada unake uttarAdhikArI karka (dvitIya) ke bhI ve maMtrI rahe hoMge / kyoMki yazodharacaritake antameM kavine likhA hai ki jisa nannane bar3e bhArI duSkAlake samaya-jaba ki sArA janapada nIrasa ho gayA thA, dussaha duHkha vyApta ho rahA thA, jagaha-jagaha manuSyoMkI khopar3iyA~ aura kaMkAla phaile par3e the, sarvatra raMka hI raMka dikhalAI par3ate the,-sarasa bhojana, sundara vastra aura tAmbUlAdise merI khAtira kI, vaha cirAyu ho / nizcaya hI mAnyakheTakI lUTa aura baravAdIke bAdakI durdazAkA yaha citra hai aura taba khATTigadevakI mRtyu ho cukI thii| kavike kucha paricita jana puSpadantane apane granthoMmeM bharata aura nannake sivAya kucha aura logoMkA bhI jiNasAsaNAyamuddhAraNassa muNidiNNadANassa / / 3 kalimalakalaMkaparivajiyassa jiyaduvihavairiNiyarassa / / kAruNNakaMdaNavajalaharassa, dINajaNasaraNassa / / 4 / / NivalacchIkIlAsaravarassa, vAesariNivAsassa / NissesaviusavijAviNoyaNirayassa suddhahiyayassa / / 5 / / 1 sa zrImAnniha bhUtale saha sutairnannAbhidho nandatAt / 2 jaNavayanIrasi, duriyamalImasi, kaiNiMdAyari, dusahe duhayari paDiyakavAlai, garakaMkAlai, bahuraMkAlai ahadukkAlai / pavarAgAri sarasAhAri sahiM celiM, varataMboliM, mahu uvayAriu puNi periu guNabhattilla u, NaNNu mahallau / hou cirAusu...

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 321 ullekha kiyA hai / melapATImeM pahu~canepara sabase pahale unheM do puruSa mile jinake nAma ammaiya aura indrarAya the / ye vahA~ke nAgarika the aura inhIMne bharatamaMtrIkI prazaMsA karake unake yahA~ nagarameM calanekA Agraha kiyA thA / uttarapurANake antameM sabakI zAMti-kAmanA karate hue unhoMne saMta, devalla, bhogalla, sohaNa, guNavarma, daMgaiya aura saMtaiyakA ullekha kiyA hai / inameMse saMtako bahuguNI, dayAvAn aura bhAgyavAn batalAyA hai / devalla saMtakA putra thA jisane mahApurANakA sArI pRthivImeM prasAra kiyA / bhogallako caturvidhadAnadAtA, bharatakA paramamitra, anupamacaritra aura vistRtayazavAlA klAyA hai / zobhana aura guNavarmako nirantara jinadharmakA pAlanevAlA kahA hai / nAgakumAracaritake anusAra ye mahodadhike ziSya the| inhoMne nAgakumAracaritakI racanA karane kI preraNA kI thii| daMgaiya aura saMtaiyakI bhI zAnti kAmanA kI hai / nAgakumAracaritameM daMgaiyako AzIrvAda diyA hai ki usakA ratnatraya vizuddha ho / nAilla aura sIlaiyakA bhI ullekha hai| inhoMne bhI nAgakumAracarita racanekA Agraha kiyA thA / kavike samakAlIna rAjA mahApurANakI utthAnikAmeM kahA hai ki isa samaya ' tuDigu mahAnubhAva' rAjya kara rahe haiN| isa ' tuDigu' zabdapara TippaNa-granthameM 'kRSNarAjaH' TippaNa diyA huA hai / kRSNarAja dakSiNake suprasiddha rASTra kRTavaMzameM hue haiM aura apane samayake mahAn samrATa the / 'tuDigu' unakA gharU prAkRta nAma thA / isa tarahake gharU nAma rASTrakUTa aura cAlukya vazake prAyaH sabhI rAjAoMke milate haiN| __ vallabhanarendra, vallabharAya, zubhatuMgadeva aura kaNharAya nAmase bhI kavine unakA ullekha kiyA hai| _ zilAlekhoM aura dAnapatroMmeM akAlavarSa, mahArAjAdhirAja, paramezvara, paramamAhezvara, paramabhaTTAraka, pRthivIvallabha, samastabhuvanAzraya Adi upAdhiyA~ unake lie prayukta kI gaI haiN| vallabharAya padavI pahale dakSiNake caulukya rAjAoMkI thI, pIche jaba unakA rAjya rASTrakUTone jIta liyA taba isa vaMzake rAjA bhI isakA upayoga karane lge| 1 jaise gojjiga, bAMdaga, tuDiga, puTTiga, khoTTiga Adi / 2 araba lekhakoMne mAnakirake balharA nAmaka balADhya rAjAoMkA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha mAnyakheTake 'vallabharAja' pada dhAraNa karanevAle rAjAoMko hI lakSya karake kiyA hai|

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza (tR0 bhA0 pR0 56 ) meM inakI eka padavI 'kandhAra-puravarAdhIzvara' likhI hai / parantu hamArI samajhameM vaha bhramavaza likhI gaI hai / vAstava meM kAliMjarapuravarAdhIzvara' honI caahie| kyoMki unhoMne cedike kalacuri-nareza sahasrArjunako jItA thA aura kAliMjarapura cedikA mukhya nagara thA / dakSiNakA kalari rAjA bijjala bhI apane nAmake sAtha 'kAliMjarapuravarAdhIzvara' pada lagAtA thA / amoghavarSa tRtIya yA baddigake tIna putra the --tuDigu yA kRSNa tRtIya, jagattuMga aura khoTTigadeva / kRSNa sabase bar3e the jo apane pitAke bAda gaddIpara baiThe aura cU~ki sare jagattuMga unase choTe the tathA unake rAjyakAlameM hI svargagata ho gaye the, isa lae tIsare putra khoTTigadeva gaddIpara baiThe / kRSNa ke putrakA isa bIca dehAnta ho yA thA aura pautra bhI choTA thA, isalie khoTTigadevako adhikAra milA / 1 kRSNa tRtIya rASTrakUTa vaMza ke sabase adhika pratApI aura sArvabhauma rAjA the / nake pUrvajoMkA sAmrAjya uttarameM narmadA nadIse lekara dakSiNa meM maisUra taka phailA A thA jisameM sArA gujarAta, marAThI sI0 pI0, aura niz2Ama rAjya zAmila || mAlavA aura bundelakhaNDa bhI unake prabhAvakSetra meM the / isa vistRta sAmrAjyako SNa tRtIyane aura bhI bar3hAyA aura dakSiNakA sArA antarIpa bhI apane adhikAra meM ra liyA | kahAr3ake tAmrapatroM ke anusAra unhoMne pANDya aura keralako harAyA, hilase kara vasUla kiyA aura rAmezvara meM apanI kIrtiballarIko lagAyA / ye tAmrapatra I san 959 ( za0 saM0 881 ) ke haiM aura usa samaya likhe gaye haiM jaba SNarAja apane melapATIke senA-zivira meM Thahare hue the aura apanA jItA huA jya aura dhana-ratna apane sAmantoM aura anugatoMko udAratApUrvaka bA~Ta rahe the / nake do hI mahIne bAda likhI huI zrIsomadevasUrikI yazastilaka - prazasti se bhI sakI puSTi hotI hai| isa prazasti meM unheM pANDya, siMhala, cola, cera Adi zako jItanevAlA likhA hai / devalI ke zilAlekhase mAlUma hotA hai ki usane kAMcIke rAjA dantigako 322 1 epigrAphiyA iMDikA jilda 4 pR0 278 / 2 vaMdINadiNNaghaNa - kaNayapayaru mahiparibhamaMtu melADiNyaru | "" 3 pANDya siMhala - cola-ceramaprabhRtInmahIpatInprasAdhya... "( 4 jarnala bAmbe brAMca rA0 e0 so0 jilda 18, pR0 239 aura lisTa Apha inskrapzansa sI0 pI0 eNDa barAra, pR0 81 / 1

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 323 aura vappukako mArA, pallava-nareza antigako harAyA, gurjaroMke AkramaNase madhya bhAratake kalacuriyoMkI rakSA kI aura anya zatruoMpara vijaya prApta kii| himAlayase lekara laMkA aura pUrvase lekara pazcima samudra takake rAjA usakI AjJA mAnate the / usakA sAmrAjya gaMgAkI sImAko bhI pAra kara gayA thaa| coladezakA rAjA parAntaka bahuta mahattvAkAMkSI thaa| usake kanyAkumArI meM mile hue zilAlekhameM likhA hai ki usane kRSNa tRtIyako harAkara vIra colakI padavI dhAraNa kI / kisa jagaha harAyA aura kahA~ harAyA, yaha kucha nahIM likhA / balki isake viruddha aise aneka pramANa mile haiM jinase siddha hotA hai ki I0 sa0 944 ( za0 866 ) se lekara kRSNake rAjya-kAlake anta taka colamaNDala kRSNake hI adhikArameM rahA / taba ukta lekhameM itanI hI sacAI ho sakatI hai ki san 944 ke AsapAsa vIracolako rASTrakUToMke sAthakI lar3AI meM thor3I-sI alpakAlika saphalatA mila gaI hogii| __ dakSiNa arkATa jileke siddhaliMgamAdama sthAnake zilAlekhameM jo kRSNa tRtIyake pA~caveM rAjya-varSakA hai usake dvArA kAMcI aura taMjorake jItanekA ullekha hai aura uttarI arkATake zolApurama sthAmake I0 saM0 949-50 (za 0 saM0 871 ) ke zilAlekhameM likhA hai ki usa sAla usane rAjAdityako mArakara toDayi-maMDala yA colamaNDalameM praveza kiyA / yaha rAjAditya parAntaka yA vIracolakA putra thA aura cola-senAkA senApati thaa| kRSNa tRtIyake bahanoI aura senApati bhUtugane ise isake hAthIke haudepara AkramaNa karake mArA thA aura isake upalakSameM use vanavAsI pradeza upahAra milA thaa| I0 san 915 ( zaka saM0 817 ) meM rASTrakUTa indra (tRtIya ) ne paramArarAjA upendra (kRSNa) ko jItA thA aura tabase kRSNa tRtIya taka paramAra rAje rASTrakUToMke mAMDalika the / usa samaya gujarAta bhI paramAroMke adhIna thaa| __ paramAroMmeM sIyaka yA zrIharSa rAjA bahuta parAkramI thaa| jAna par3atA hai isane kRSNa tRtIyake Adhipatyake viruddha sira uThAyA hogA aura isI kAraNa kRSNako usa 1 trAvaNakora Arki0 sIrIja ji0 3, pR0 143, zloka 48 / 2 madrAsa epigrAphikala kalekzana 1909 naM. 375 / 3 e0 iM0 ji0 5, pR0 195 / 4 e0 i0 ji0 19, pR0 83 / 5 ArkilAjikala sarve Apha sAutha iMDiyA ji0 4, pR0 201 /

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324 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa para car3hAI karanI par3I hogI aura use jItA hogA / isa anumAnakI puSTi zravaNabelgolake mArasiMhake zilAlekhase' hotI hai jisameM likhA hai ki usane kRSNa tRtIyake lie uttarIya prAnta jIte aura badalemeM use 'gurjara-rAja' kA khitAba milaa| isI taraha holakerIke I0 sa0 965 aura 968 ke zilAlekhoMmeM mArasiMhake do senApatiyoMko ' ujayinI bhujaMga' padako dhAraNa karanevAlA batalAyA hai / ye gurjara-rAja aura ujjayinI-bhujaMga pada spaSTa hI kRSNadvArA sIyakake gujarAta aura mAlavake jIte jAnekA saMketa karate haiN| sIyaka usa samaya to daba gayA, parantu jyoM hI parAkramI kRSNakI mRtyu huI ki usane pUrI taiyArIke sAtha mAnyakheTapara dhAvA bola diyA aura khoTTigadevako parAsta karake mAnyakheTako burI taraha lUTA aura barabAda kiyA / pAiya-lacchI nAmamAlAke kartA dhanapAlake kathanAnusAra yaha lUTa vi0saM0 1029 ( za0 saM0 894 ) meM huI aura zAyada isI lar3AI meM khoTTigadeva mArA gayA / kyoMki isI sAla utkIrNa kiyA huA kharaDAkA zilAlekha khoTTigadevake uttarAdhikArI karka (dvitIya ) kA hai| __kRSNa tRtIya I0 sa0 939 (za0 saM0 861 ) ke disambarake AsapAsa gaddIpara baiThe hoMge / kyoM ki isa varSake disambarameM inake pitA baddiga jIvita the aura kollagalukA zilAlekha phAlguna sudI 6 zaka sa0 889 kA hai jisameM likhA hai ki kRSNakI mRtyu ho gaI aura khoTiMgadeva gaddIpara baiThA / isase unakA 28 varSa taka rAjya karanA siddha hotA hai, parantu kilUra (da0 arkATa ) ke vIrattanezvara mandirakA zilAlekheM unake rAjyake 30 veM varSakA likhA huA hai / vidvAnoMkA khayAla hai ki ye rAjakumArAvasthAmeM, apane pitAke jIte jI hI rAjyakA kArya sa~bhAlane lage the, isIse zAyada usa samayake do varSa ukta tIsa varSake rAjya kAlameM jor3a liye gaye haiM / rASTrakUToM aura kRSNa tRtIyakA yaha paricaya kucha vistRta isa lie denA par3A jisase puSpadantake graMthoM meM jina jina bAtoMkA jikra hai, ve ThIka taurase samajhameM A 1 e0 iM0 ji0 5, pR0 179 / 2 e0 iM0 ji0 11, naM0 23-33 / 3 e0 I0 ji0 12, pR0 263 / 4 madrAsa e0 ka. 1913 naM0 236 / 5 madrAsa epigrAphika kalekzana san 1902, naM0 232 /

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mahAkavi puSpadanta ya~ aura samaya nirNaya karane meM bhI sahAyatA mile | samaya- vicAra mahApurANa kI utthAnikAmeM kavine jina saba graMthoM aura granthakartAoMkA ullekha kiyA hai', unameM sabase pichale grantha dhavala aura jayadhavala haiM / pAThaka jAnate haiM ki vIrasena svAmI ke ziSya jinasenane apane gurukI adhUrI chor3I huI TIkA jayadhavalAko za0 saM0 759 meM rASTrakUTanareza amoghavarSa ( prathama ) ke samaya meM samApta kI thI / ataeva yaha mizcita hai ki puSpadanta ukta saMvat ke bAda hI kisI samaya hue haiM, pahale nahIM / 325 rudraTakA samaya zrIyuta kANe aura de ke anusAra I0 san 800 - 850 ke arthAt za0 saM0 722 aura 772 ke bIca hai / isase bhI lagabhaga uparyukta pariNAma hI nikalatA hai / abhI hAla hI DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyeko apabhraMza bhASAkA 'dhammaparikkhA nAmakA graMtha milA hai jisake karttA budha ( paMDita ) haripeNa haiM, jo dhakkar3avaMzIya govarddhana ke putra aura siddhasena ke ziSya the / ve mevAr3a dezake cittaur3a ke rahanevAle , 1 - akaleka, kapila (sAMkhyakAra ), kaNacara yA kaNAda ( vaizeSikadarzanakartA ), dvija ( vedapAThaka ), sugata (buddha), puraMdara ( cArvAka ), dantila, vizAkha ( saMgItazAstrakartA ), bharata (nATyazAstrakAra), pataMjali, bhAravi, vyAsa, kohala (kuSmANDa kAve), caturmukha, svayaMbhu zrIha ( havarddhana), droNa, IzAna, vANa, dhavala-jayadhavala-siddhAnta, rudraTa, aura yazazcihna, itanoMkA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / inameMse akalaMka, caturmukha aura svayaMbhu jaina haiM / akalaMka deva, jayadhavalAkAra jinasenase pahale hue hai / caturmukha aura svayaMbhukA ThIka samaya abhI taka nizcita nahIM huA parantu svayaMbhu apane paumacariyameM AcArya raviSeNakA ullekha karate haiM jinhoMne vi0 saM0 733 meM padmapurANa likhA thA / isase unase pIche haiN| unhoMne caturmukhakA bhI smaraNa kiyA hai / svayaMbhu bhI apabhraMza bhASA ke mahAkavi the / inake paumacariu ( padmacarita ) aura ariTTanemicariu ( harivaMza purANa ) upalabdha haiM / unakA svayaMbhu chanda nAmakA eka chandazAstra bhI hai / ' paMcamicariya ' nAmakA grantha mI unakA banAyA huA hai, jo abhI taka kahIM prApta nahIM huA hai / unakA koI apabhraMza bhASAkA vyAkaraNa bhI thA / ye svayaMbhu yApanIya saMghake anuyAyI the, aisA mahApurANa - TippaNase mAlUma hotA hai / 2 u bujjhiu AyamasaddadhAmu, siddhaMta dhavalu jayadhavalu NAma /

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326 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa the aura use chor3akara kAryavaza acalapura gaye the / vahA~para unhoMne vi0 saM0 1044 meM apanA yaha graMtha samApta kiyA thaa| isa graMthake prArambhameM apabhraMzake caturmukha, svayaMbhu aura puSpadanta ina tIna mahAkaviyoMkA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isase siddha hai ki vi0 saM0 1044 yA za0 saM0 909 se pahale hI puSpadanta eka mahAkavike rUpameM prasiddha ho cuke the / arthAt puSpadantakA samaya 759 aura 909 ke bIca honA cAhie / na to unakA samaya za0 saM0 759 ke pahale jA sakatA hai aura na 909 ke bAda / / aba yaha dekhanA cAhie ki ve za0 saM0 759 (vi0 saM0 894) se kitane bAda hue hai| kavine apane graMthoM meM tuDiNu, zubhatuMgaM, vallabhanarendra aura kaNharAyakA ullekha kiyA hai aura ina saba nAmoMpara graMthoMkI pratiyoM aura TippaNa graMthoM meM 'kRSNarAjaH' TippaNI dI hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki ye sabhI nAma eka hI rAjAke haiM / vallabharAya yA vallabhanarendra rASTrakUTa rAjAoMkI sAmAnya padavI thI, isalie yaha bhI mAlUma ho gayA ki kRSNa rASTrakUTavaMzake rAjA the| rASTrakUToMkI rAjadhAnI pahale mayUrakhaMDI ( nAsika ) meM thI, pIche amoghavarSa 1 iha mevAr3adese jaNasaMkule, siriujapuraNiggayadhakkaDakule / .. govaddhaNu NAmeM uppaNNao, jo sammattarayaNasaMpuNNao / / taho govaddhaNAsupiyaguNavai, jA jiNavarapaya Niccavi paNavai / tAe jaNiu hariseNaNAma suo, jo saMjAu vivuhakaivissuo // siricittauDucaevi acalaureho, gau NiyakajeM jiNaharapauraho / tahiM chaMdAlaMkArapasAhii, dhammaparikkha eha te sAhiya // 2 vikkamaNivapariyattai kAlae, vavagae varisa sahasacautAlae / 3 caumuhu kavvavirayaNe sayaMbhuvi, puSphayaMtu aNNANaNisaMbhuvi / tiNNavi jogga jeNa taM sAsai, caumuhamuhe thiya tAma sarAsai / jo sayaMbhu soheu pahANau, ahakaha loyAloya vi yANau / puSphayaMtu Navi mANusu vuccai, jo sarasaie kayAvi Na muccai / 4 bhuvaNekarAmu rAyAhirAu, jahi acchai 'tuDigu' mahANubhAu / ma0pu01-3-3 5 suhatuMgadevakamakamalabhasalu, NIsesa kalAviNNANakusaLu / ma0 pu. 1-5-2 6 valabhaNariMdagharamahattarAsu |-y0 ca0 kA prAraMbha /

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 327 (prathama) ne za0 saM0 737 meM use mAnyakheTameM pratiSThita kii| puSpadaMtane nAgakumAracaritameM kahA hai ki kaNharAya (kRSNarAja) kI hAthakI talavArarUpI jalavAhinIse jo durgama hai aura jisake dhavalagRhoMke zikhara meghAvalIse TakarAte haiM, aisI bahuta bar3I mAnyakhaTa nagarI hai'| rASTrakUTavaMzameM kRSNa nAmake tIna rAjA hue haiM, eka to ve jinakI upAdhi zubhatuMga thii| parantu unake samaya taka mAnyakheTa rAjadhAnI hI nahIM thI, isalie puSpadaMtakA matalaba unase nahIM ho sktaa| ___ dvitIya kRSNa amoghavarSa (prathama) ke uttarAdhikArI the, jinake samayameM guNabhadrAcAryane za0 saM0 820 meM uttarapurANakI samApti kI thI aura jinhoMne za0 saM0 833 taka rAjya kiyA hai| parantu inake sAtha una saba bAtoMkA mela nahIM khAtA jinakA puSpadantane ullekha kiyA hai| isalie kRSNa tRtIyako hI hama unakA samakAlIna mAna sakate haiM / kyoMki 1-jaisA ki pahale batalAyA jA cukA hai colarAjAkA sira kRSNarAjane kaTavAyA thA, isake pramANa itihAsameM milate haiM aura cola dezako jIta kara kRSNa tRtIyane apane adhikArameM kara liyA thaa| 2-yaha colaneraza 'parAntaka' hI mAlUma hotA hai jisane vIracolakI padavI dhAraNa kI thii| ____3-dhArAnareza-dvArA mAnyakheTake lUTe jAnekA jo ullekha puSpadantane kiyA hai, vaha bhI kRSNa dvitIyake sAtha mela nahIM khAtA / yaha ghaTanA kRSNarAja tRtIyakI mRtyuke bAda khoTigadevake samaya kI hai aura isakI puSTi anya pramANoMse bhI hotI hai| dhanapAlane apanI 'pAiyalacchI (prAkRtalakSmI) nAmamAlA' meM likhA hai ki vi0 saM0 1029 meM mAlava-narendrane mAnyakheTako luuttaaN| 1 sirikaNharAyakarayalaNihiya asijalavAhiNi duggayari / dhavalaharasiharihayameha uli paviula maNNakheDaNayAra / / 2 ubbaddhajaDu bhUbhaMgabhIsu, toDeppiNu coDaho taNau sIsu / 3 dInAnAthadhanaM sadAbahujanaM protphulavallIvanaM, mAnyAkheTapuraM puraMdarapurIlIlAharaM sundaram / dhArAnAthanarendrakopazikhinA dagdhaM vidagdhapriyaM, kvedAnI vasatiM kariSyati punaH zrIpuSpadantaH kaviH / / 4-vikkamakAlassa gae auNuttIsuttare sahassammi / mAlavaNariMdadhADIe lUDie maNNakheDammi // 276 //

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa mAnyakheTako kisa mAlava - rAjAne lUTA, isakA patA paramAra rAjA udayAditya ke samayake udayapura ( gvAliyara ) ke zilAlekha meM' paramAra rAjAoM kI jo prazasti dI hai usase lagatA hai / usake 12 veM padya meM likhA hai ki harSadevane khATTigadevakI rAjalakSmIko yuddhameM chIna liyA~ | ye harSadeva hI dhArAnareza the, jo sIyaka ( dvitIya ) yA siMhabhaTa bhI kahalAte the, aura jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, jinapara kRSNa tRtIyane car3hAI kI thI / khogideva kRSNa tRtIya ke bhAI aura uttarAdhikArI the / 328 4 - mahApurANa kI racanA jisa siddhArtha saMvatsara meM zurU kI gaI thI, usI saMvatsara meM somadevasUrine apanA yazastilaka campU samApta kiyA thA aura usa samaya kRSNa tRtIyakA par3Ava melapATImeM thA / puSpadantane bhI apane graMtha prAraMbha ke samaya kRSNarAjakA melapATI meM rahane kA ullekha kiyA hai / sAtha hI yazastilakakI prazasti meM unako cola Adi dezoM kA jItanevAlA bhI likhA hai / aisI dazA meM puSpadantakA kRSNa tRtIya ke samaya meM honA niHsaMzayarUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai / pahale ukta melapATI meM hI puSpadanta pahu~ce the, siddhArtha saMvatsara meM hI unhoMne apanA mahApurANa prAraMbha kiyA thA aura yaha siddhArtha za0 saM0 881 hI thA / melapATI yA melADi za0 881 meM kRSNarAja the, isake aura bhI pramANa mile haiM jo Upara diye jA cuke haiM / ina saba pramANose hama isa niSkarSapara pahu~cate haiM ki za0 saM0 881 meM puSpadanta melapATImeM bharata mahAmAtya se mile aura unake atithi hue / isI sAla unhoMne mahApurANa zurU karake use za0 saM0 887 meM samApta kiyA / isake bAda unhoMne nAgakumAra-carita aura yazodhara-carita banAye | yazodhara-caritakI samApti usa samaya huI jaba mAnyakheTa lUTA jA cukA thA / yaha za0 saM0 894 ke lagabhagakI 1 epigrAphiA iMDikA jilda 1, pR0 226 / 2 - zrIharSadeva iti khoTTigadevalakSmI, jagrAha yo yudhi nagAdasamapratApaH / 3. -" zakanRpakAlAtIta saMvatsarazateSvaSTasvekAzItyadhikeSu gateSu aMkataH 881 siddhArthasaMvatsarAntargatacetramAsamadanatrayodazyAM pANDya-siMhala - cola - ceramaprabhRtInmahIpatInprasAdhya melapATI pravarddhamAnarAjyaprabhAve zrIkRSNarAjadeve sati tatpAdapadmopajIvinaH samadhigatapaMcamahAzabdamahAsAmantAdhipatezcAlukya kulajanmanaH sAmanta cUDAmaNeH zrImadarikesariNaH prathamaputrasya zrImadvaddigarAjasya lakSmIpravardhamAnavasuMdharAyAM gaMgadhArAyAM vinirmApitamidaM kAvyamiti / zd

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 329 ghaTanA hai / isa taraha ve 881 se lekara kamase kama 894 taka, lagabhaga teraha varSa, mAnyakheTameM mahAmAtya bharata aura nanake sammAnita atithi hokara rahe, yaha nizcita hai / usake bAda ve aura kaba taka jIvita rahe, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ___ budha hariSeNakI dharmaparIkSA mAnyakheTakI lUTake koI pandraha varSa bAdakI racanA hai / itane thor3e hI samayameM puSpadantakI pratibhAkI itanI prasiddhi ho cukI thii| hariSeNa kahate haiM ki puSpadaMta manuSya thor3e hI haiM, unheM sarasvatI devI kabhI nahIM chor3atI, sadA sAtha rahatI hai / eka zaMkA . mahApurANakI 50 vIM sandhike prAraMbhameM jo 'dInAnAthadhanaM' Adi saMskRta padya hai aura pR0 327 ke phuTanATameM uddhRta kiyA jA cukA hai, aura jisameM mAnyakheTake naSTa hone kA saMketa hai, vaha za0 saM0894 ke bAdakA hai aura mahApurANa 887 meM hI samApta ho cukA thaa| taba zaMkA hotI hai ki vaha usameM kaise AyA ? - isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki ukta padya granthakA avicchedya aMga nahIM hai / isa tarahake aneka padya mahApurANakI bhinna bhinna saMdhiyoMke prAraMbhameM diye gaye haiN| ye sabhI muktaka haiM, bhinna bhinna samayameM race jAkara pIchese jor3e gaye haiM aura adhikAMza mahAmAtya bharatakI prazaMsAke haiM / grantha-racanA-kramase jisa tithiko jo saMdhi prAraMbha kI gaI, usI tithiko usameM diyA huA padya nirmita nahIM huA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sabhI pratiyoMmeM ye padya eka hI sthAnapara nahIM milate haiM / eka padya eka pratimeM jisa sthAnapara hai, dUsarI pratimeM usa sthAnapara na hokara kisI aura hI sthAnapara hai| kisI kisI pratimeM ukta padya nyUnAdhika bhI haiN| abhI bambaIke sarasvatIbhavanakI pratimeM hameM eka pUrA padya aura eka adhUrA padya adhika bhI milA hai jo anya pratiyoMmeM nahIM dekhA gayA / yazodharacaritakI dusarI, tIsarI aura cauthI sandhiyoMmeM bhI isI tarahake tIna 1-harati manaso mohaM drohaM mahApriyajaMtujaM / bhavatu bhavinAM daMbhAraMbhaH prazAMtikRto / jinavarakathA grnthprsnaagmitstvyaa| kathaya kamayaM toyastIte guNAn bhrtprbho| yaha padya bahuta hI azuddha hai / -- 42 vI saMdhike bAda 2 AkalpaM bharatezvarastu jayatAyenAdarAtkAritA / zreSThAyaM bhuvi muktaye jinakathA tattvAmRtasyandinI / -43 vI sandhike bAda

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330 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa saMskRta padya nannakI prazaMsAke haiM jo aneka pratiyoMmeM haiM hI nhiiN| isase yahI anumAna karanA par3atA hai ki ye sabhI yA adhikAMza padya bhinna bhinna samayoMmeM race gaye haiM aura pratilipiyA~ karAte samaya pIchese jor3e gaye haiN| garaja yaha ki 'dInAnAthadhanaM' Adi padya mAnyakheTakI lUTake bAda hI likhA gayA hai aura usake bAda jo pratiyA~ likhI gaI, unameM jor3A gayA hai| nizcaya hI yaha padya usake pahale jo pratiyA~ likhI jA cukI hoMgI unameM na hogaa| ___ isa prakArakI eka prati mahApurANake sampAdaka DA0 pI0 ela0 vaidyako nA~daNI (kolhApura ) ke zrI tAtyA sAhaba pATIlase milI hai jisameM ukta padya nahIM haiM ' / 894 ke pahalekI likhI huI isa tarahakI aura bhI pratiyoMkI pratilipiyA~ milanekI saMbhAvanA hai / eka aura zaMkA 'mahAkavi puSpadanta aura unakA mahApurANa' zIrSaka lekha maiMne 'bhANDArakara insTiTayUTa' pUnAkI vi0 saM0 1630 kI likhI huI jisa pratike AdhArase likhA thA usameM prazastikI tIna paMktiyA~ isa rUpameM haiM pupphayaMtakaiNA dhuyapaMke, jai ahimANameruNAmakeM / kayau kavvu bhattie paramatthe, chasayachaDottara kayasAmattheM / kohaNasaMvacchare AsADhae, dahamae diyahe caMdaruirUDhae / isake ' chasayachaDottarakayasAmatthe ' padakA artha usa samaya yaha kiyA gayA thA ki yaha grantha zakasaMvat 606 meM samApta huA / parantu pIche jaba gaharAIse vicAra kiyA gayA taba patA lagA ki 606 saMvatkA nAma krodhana ho hI nahIM sakatA, cAhe vaha zaka saMvat ho, vikrama saMvat ho, gupta saMvat ho, yA kalacuri saMvat ho / isalie ukta pAThake sahI hone sandeha hone lgaa| 'chasayachaDottara' to khaira ThIka, para 'kayasAmatthe ' kA artha durUha ho gayA / tRtIyAnta pada honeke kAraNa use kavikA vizeSaNa banAneke sivAya aura koI cArA nahIM thA / yadi bindI nikAlakara use saptamI samajha liyA jAya, to bhI 'kRtasAmarthe ' kA koI artha nahIM baitthtaa| ataeva zuddha pAThakI khoja kI jAne lgii|| __ sabase pahale pro0 hIrAlAlajI jainane apane 'mahAkavi puSpadantake samayapara 1 dekho, mahApurANa pra0 kha0, DA0 pI0 ela0 vaidya-likhita bhUmikA pR0 17 / 2 sva0 bAbA dulIcandajIkI grantha-sUcImeM bhI puSpadantakA samaya 606 diyA huA hai|

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 331 vicAra' lekhemeM batalAyA ki kAraMjAkI pratimeM ukta pATha isa taraha diyA huA hai puSphayaMtakaiNA dhuyapaMkeM, jai ahimANameruNAmakeM / kayau kavvu bhattie paramatthe, jiNapayapaMkayamauliyahattheM / kohaNasaMvacchare AsADhae, dahamai divahe caMdaruirUDhae / / arthAt krodhana saMvatsarakI asAr3ha sudI 10 ko jina bhagavAnake caraNa-kamaloM ke prati hAtha jor3e hue abhimAnameru, dhUtapaMka ( dhula gaye haiM pApa jisake ), aura paramArthI puSpadanta kavine bhaktipUrvaka yaha kAvya bnaayaa| __ yahA~ bambaIke sarasvatI-bhavanameM jo prati ( 193 ka) hai, usameM bhI yahI pATha hai aura hamArA vizvAsa hai ki anya pratiyoMmeM bhI yahI pATha milegaa| / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki pUnevAlI pratike arddhadagdha lekhakako ukta sthAnameM sirpha mitI likhI dekhakara saMvat-saMkhyA denekI jarUrata mahasUsa huI aura usakI pUrti usane apanI vilakSaNa buddhise svayaM kara DAlI ! yahA~ yaha bAta noTa karane lAyaka hai ki kavine siddhArtha saMvatsarameM apanA grantha prArambha kiyA aura krodhana saMvatsarameM smaapt| na vahA~ zaka saMvat diyA aura na yahA~ / tIsarI zaMkA lagabhaga pandraha varSa pahale paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtArako zaMkA huI thI ki puSpadanta prAcIna nahIM hai| unhoMne isa viSayameM eka lekha bhI likhA thA aura usameM nIce likhI prazastike AdhArapara ' jasaharacariu' kI racanAkA samaya vi0 saM0 1365 batalAyA thaa| ki u uvaroheM jassa kaiyai eu bhavaMtara / taho bhavvahu NAmu pAyaDami payaDau dhara / / 29 // ciru paDaNe chaMgesAhu sAhu, taho suu khelA guNavaMtu sAhu / taho taNuruha vIsalu NAma sAhu, vIrosAhuNi yihi sulahu NAhu / / soyAru suNaNaguNagaNasaNAhu, ekkaiyA ciMtai citti lAhu / ho paMDiyaThakkura kaNhaputta, uvayAriyavallahaparamamitta / / kaipuSphayaMti jasaharacarittu, kiu suTu saddalakkhaNavicittu / pesahi tahiM rAulu kaulu ajju (?), jasaharavivAhu taha jaNiyacojju / 1 jainasAhitya saMzodhaka bhAga 2, aMka 3-4 / 2 dekho, jainajagat ( 1 akTUbara san 1926 ) meM ' mahAkavi puSpadantakA samaya ' /

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3 3 2 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa sayalahaM bhavabhamaNabhavaMtarAI, mahu vaMchiu karahi NiraMtarAI / tA sAhusamIhiu kiyau savvu, rAuluvivAhu bhavabhamaNu bhancha / vakkhANiu purau havei jAma, saMtuhau vIsalu sAhu tAma / joiNipuravari NivasaMtu siTu, sAhuhi ghare sutthiyaNahu ghuTu / / paNasahisahiya terahasayAI, Nivavikrama saMvaccharagayAiM / vaisAhapahilai pakkhi bIya, ravivAri samitthau missatIya / / ciru vatthubaMdhi kai kiyau jaMji, paddhaDiyabaMdhi maI rai u taM ji / gaMdhavve kaNhaDaNaMdaNeNa, AyahaM bhavAiM kiya thiramaNeNa / / mahu dosu Na dijai puTviM kaiu, kaivaccharAI taM suttu laiu / parantu jAna par3atA hai ki usa samaya ina paMktiyoMkA ThIka ThIka artha nahIM samajhA gayA thA / vAstavameM isakA bhAvArtha yaha hai " jisake uparodha yA Agrahase kavine yaha pUrvabhavoMkA varNana kiyA ( aba maiM) usa bhavyakA nAma prakaTa karatA huuN| pahale paTTaNa yA pAnIpatameM chaMge sAhu nAmake eka sAhu the| unake khelA sAhu nAmake guNI putra hue / phira khelA sAhuke bIsala sAhu hue jinakI patnIkA nAma vIro thA / ve guNI zrotA the / eka dina unhoMne apane cittameM socA ( aura kahA ) ki he kaNhake putra paMDita Thakkura ( gandharva ), vallabharAya ( kRSNa tRtIya ) ke parama mitra aura upakArita kavi puSpadantane sundara aura zabdalakSaNavicitra jo jasaharacarita banAyA hai usameM yadi rAjA aura kaulakA prasaMga, yazodharakA Azcaryajanaka vivAha aura sabake bhavAMtara aura praviSTa kara do, to merA mana-cAhA ho jAya / taba maiMne vahI saba kara diyA, jo sAhune cAhA thA--rAulu ( rAjA ) aura kaulakA prasaMga, vivAha aura bhvaaNtr| phira jaba bIsala sAhuke sAmane vyAkhyAna kiyA, sunAyA, taba ve saMtuSTa hue / yoginIpura (dillI) meM sAhuke ghara acchI taraha susthitipUrvaka rahate hue vikrama rAjAke 1365 saMvatmeM pahale vaizAkhake dUsare pakSakI tIja ravivArako yaha kArya pUrA huaa| pahale kavi (vaccharAya ) ne jise vastuchandameM banAyA thA, vahI maiMne paddhar3Ibaddha racA / kanhar3ake putra gandharvane sthira manase bhavAMtaroMko kahA hai| isameM koI mujhe doSa na de / kyoMki pUrva meM vaccharAyane yaha kahA thaa| usIke 1 ' paTTaNa ' para 'pAnIpata ' TippaNI dI huI hai /

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mahAkavi puSpadanta 333 sUtrako lekara maiMne kahA / " __isake AgekA ghattA aura prazasti svayaM puSpadantakRta hai jisameM unhoMne apanA paricaya diyA hai| pUrvokta padyoMse bilkula spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki gandharva kavine dillImeM pAnIpatake rahanevAle bIsala sAhu nAmaka dhanIkI preraNAse tIna prakaraNa svayaM banA kara puSpadantake yazodharacaritameM pIchese saM0 1365 meM zAmila kiye haiM aura kahA~ kahA~ zAmila kiye haiM, so bhI yathAsthAna ImAnadArIse batalA diyA hai / dekhie 1 pahalI sandhike cauthe kar3avakakI 'cAeNa kaNNu vihaveNa iMdu' Adi paMktike bAda AThaveM kar3avakake anta takakI 81 lAine gandharvaracita haiM jinameM rAjA mAridatta aura bhairavakulAcAryakA saMlApa hai / unake antameM kahA haigaMdhavvu bhaNai maiM kiyau eu, Niva-joIsaho saMjoyabheu / aggai kairAyapuSphayaMtu sarasaiNila u / deviyahi sarUu vaSNai kaiyaNakulatila u / / arthAt gandharva kahatA hai ki yaha rAjA aura yogIza ( kAlAcArya ) kA saMyoga-bheda maiMne kahA / aba Age sarasvatInilaya kavikulatilaka kavirAja puSpadaMta ( maiM nahIM ) devIkA svarUpa varNana karate haiM / 2 pahalI hI sandhike 24 veM kar3avakakI 'poDhattaNi puTi palaTiyaMgu' Adi lAinase lekara 27 veM kar3avaka takakI 79 lAineM bhI gandharvakI haiN| ise unhoMne 79 vIM lAinameM isa taraha spaSTa kiyA haijaM vAsavaseNiM puvva raiu, taM pekkhavi gaMdhavveNa kahiu arthAt vAsavasenane pUrvameM (grantha) racA thA, usako dekhakara hI yaha gaMdharvane khii| 1 zrIvAsavasenake isa yazodharacaritakI prati bambaImeM (naM0 604 ka ) maujUda hai / yaha saMskRtameM hai / isakI antima puSpikAmeM 'iti yazodharacarite munivAsavasenakRte kAvye ... aSTamaH sargaH samApta: ' vAkya hai / prArambhameM likhA hai -- prabhaMjanAdibhiH pUrvaM hariSeNasamanvitaiH, yaduktaM tatkathaM zakyaM mayA bAlena bhASitum / ' isase mAlUma hotA hai ki unase pUrva prabhaMjana aura hariSeNane yazodharake carita likhe the| ina kavivarane apane samaya aura kulAdikA koI paricaya nahIM diyA hai| parantu itanA to nizcita hai ki ve gandharva kavise pahale hue haiM / isa granthakI eka prati pro0 hIrAlAlajIne jayapurake bAbA dulIcandajIke bhaMDArameM bhI dekhI thI aura usake noTsa liye the / hariSeNa zAyada ve hI hoM, jinakI dharmaparIkSA ( apabhraMza) abhI DA0 upAdhyene khoja nikAlI hai|

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nainasAhitya aura itihAsa 3 cauthI saMdhike 22 veM kar3avakakI 'jajariu jeNa bahubheyakamma' Adi 15 vIM paMktise lekara AgekI 172 lAineM bhI gaMdharvakI haiN| isake Age bhI kucha lAineM prakaraNake anusAra kucha parivartita karake likhI gaI haiN| phira eka ghattA aura 15 lAIneM gaMdharvakI haiM jo Upara bhAvArthasahita de dI gaI haiN| isa taraha isa graMthameM saba milAkara 335 paMktiyA~ prakSipta haiM aura ve aisI haiM ki jarA gaharAIse dekhanese puSpadantakI praur3ha aura sundara racanAke bIca chupa bhI nahIM sakatIM / ataeva gaMdharvake kSepakoMke sahAre puSpadantako vikramakI caudahavIM zatAbdimeM nahIM ghasITA jA sktaa| ___ isake sivAya bahuta thor3I hI pratiyoMmeM so bhI uttara bhAratakI pratiyoMmeM hI yaha prakSipta aMza milatA hai| bambaIke terahapaMthI jainamandirakI jo vi0 saM0 1390 kI likhI huI atizaya prAcIna prati hai, usameM gandharvaracita ukta paMktiyA~ nahIM haiM aura ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavanakI do pratiyoMmeM bhI nahIM haiN| 1 aparivartita pATha mudrita graMthameM na honeke kAraNa yahA~ de diyA jAtA hai so jasavai so kallANamittu, so abhayaNAu so mAridattu / vaNikulapaMkayabohaNadiNesu, so govaDDhaNu guNagaNavisesu // sA kusumAvali pAliyati gutti, sA abhayamaitti NariMdaputti / bhanvaI duSNayaNiNNAsaNeNa, tau caevi cAru saNNAsaNeNa / kAle jate savvai mayAI, jiNadhamma saggaggaho gahAI // 2 bambaIke sarasvatI-bhavanameM jo ( 804 ka ) saMskRtachAyAsahita prati hai usameM 'jiNadhamma saggaggaho gahAI'ke Age prakSipta pAThakI 'gaMdhavveM kaNhaDaNaMdaNeNa' Adi kevala do paMktiyA~ na jAne kaise A par3I hai / isa pratimeM ina do paMktiyoMko chor3akara aura koI prakSipta aMza nahIM hai|

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zrIcandra aura prabhAcandra ye do granthakartA lagabhaga eka hI samaya meM, eka hI sthAnapara, hue haiM aura donoMne hI mahAkavi puSpadantake mahApurANapara TippaNa likhe haiM, isa lie kucha vidvAnoMne yaha samajha liyA hai ki prabhAcandra aura zrIcandra eka hI haiM, lipikarttAoMkI galtIse kahIM kahIM jo 'zrIcandrakRta ' likhA milatA hai, so vAstava meM prabhAcandrakRta hI honA cAhie | parantu vAstava meM zrIcandra aura prabhAcandra do svataMtra graMthakarttA haiM / nIce likhe pramANoMse yaha bAta suspaSTa ho jAyagI bambaI ke sarasvatI-bhavana meM ( naM0 463 ) meM raviSeNAcAryakRta padmacaritakA zrIcandrakRta TippaNa hai / usakA prArambha aura antakA aMza dekhie-- prArambha - zaMkaraM varadAtAraM jinaM natvA stutaM suraiH / kurve padmacaritasya TippaNaM gurudezanAt // ---------- siddhaM jagatprasiddhaM kRtakRtyaM vA samAptaM niSThitamiti yAvat / sampUrNabhavyArthasiddhi(ddheH ) kAraNaM, samagro dharmArthakAmamokSaH sa cAsau bhavyArthazca bhavyaprayojanaM tasya siddhirniSpattiH svarUpalabdhivI tasyAH kAraNaM hetuH / kiM viziSTaM hetumuttamaM doSarahitaM ... -lAr3ha (r3a) bAgar3i ( r3a ) zrIpravacanasena (?) paMDitAtpadmacaritassakaya ( tamAkarNya ?) balAtkAragaNazrIzrI nandyAcAryasatkaviziSyeNa zrIcandramuninA zrImadvikramAdityasaMvatsare saptAsItyadhikavarSasahazra (se) zrImaddhArAyAM zrImato rAje (jye) bhojadevasya anta -- evamida (daM) padmacarita TipitaM zrIcandramunikRtasamAptamiti / sva0 seTha mANikacandrajIke caupATI ke mandirameM inhIM zrIcandramunikA eka aura graMtha 'purANasAra' (naM0 197 ) hai / usakA prArambha aura anta isa prakAra hai 1 dekho DA0 pI0 ela0 vaidya sampAdita mahApurANakI a~garejI bhUmikA / > 2 bhavanake rajisTara meM isakA nAma ' padmanandicaritra ' likhA huA hai / yaha prati hAlakI hI likhAI huI aura bahuta hI azuddha hai 1

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336 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa natvAditaH sakala (tIrtha) kRta (to) kRtArthAn , sarvopakAraniratAstrividhena nityam / vazye tadIya guNagarbhamahApurANaM, saMkSepato'rthanikaraM zRNuta prayatnAt / / anta-dhArAyAM puri bhojadevanRpate rAjye jayAtyuccakaiH zrImatsAgarasenato yatipateAtvA purANaM mahat / muktyarthaM bhavabhItibhItajagatA zrInandiziSyo budhaH kurve cAru purANasAramamalaM zrIcandranAmAmuniH / / zrIvikramAdityasaMvatsare yakSapUtya(azItya?)dhikavarSasahasre purANasArAbhidhAnaM samAptaM / zubhaM bhavatu / lekhakapAThakayoH kalyANam / inhIM padmacaritake TippaNakAra aura purANasArake karttA zrIcandramunikA banAyA huA puSpadantakRta mahApurANakA eka TippaNa hai, jisakA dUsarA bhAga arthAt uttarapurANa-TippaNa upalabdha hai| usake antameM likhA hai-- zrIvikramAditya-saMvatsare varSANAmazItyadhikasahasre mahApurANa-viSamapadavivaraNaM sAgarasenasaiddhAntAt parijJAya mUlaTippaNikAM cAlokya kRtamidaM samuccayaTippaNaM ajJapAtamItena zrImadvalA( tkA)ragaNazrIsaMghA naMdyA)cAryasatkaviziSyeNa zrIcaMdramuninA nijadaurdaDAbhibhUtaripurAjyavijayinaH zrIbhojadevasya / 102 / iti uttarapurANaTippaNakaM prabhAcaMdrAcAryaviracitaM samAptam / atha saMvatsare'smin zrInRpavikramAdityagatAbdaH saMvat 1575 varSe bhAdavA sudI 5 buddhadine kurujAMgaladeze sulatAna sikaMdaraputra sulatAna ibrAhima rAjyapravartamAne zrIkASThAsaMghe mAthurAnvaye puSkaragaNe bhaTTAraka zrIguNabhadrasUridevAH tadAmnAye jaisavAla cau0 ToDaramallu cau0 jagasIputra idaM uttarapurANaTIkA likhApitaM / zubhaM 1 yaha grantha jayapurake pATodIke mandirake bhaMDArameM (gaTharI naM0 13, grantha tIsarA, patra 57, zlo0 1700 ) hai / isakI prazasti sva0 paM0 pannAlAlajI bAkalIvAlane Azvina-sudI 5 vIra saM0 2447 ke jainamitrameM prakAzita karAI thI aura mere pAsa bhI unhoMne usakI nakala bhejI thii| isI sambandhameM unhoMne apane tA0 16-6-23 ke patrameM likhA thA ki " uttarapurANakI TippaNI ma~gAI so vaha gaTharI nahIM milI thI-Aja DhU~r3hakara nikAlI hai| usake Adi aMtake pAThakI bhI nakala hai / 'zrIcaMdramuninA meM 'prabhA' zabda chUTa gayA mAlUma hotA hai / paraMtu zlokasaMkhyAmeM pharka honese zAyada zrIcaMdramuni dUsarA bhI ho sakatA hai|" 2 yahA~ nizcayase zrIcandrAcAryakI jagaha prabhAcandrAcArya likhA gayA hai / lipikartAkI spaSTa bhala hai|

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zrIcandra aura prabhAcandra bhavatu / mAMgalyaM dadhati lekhakapAThakayoH / __ukta tInoM granthoMkI prazastiyoMse yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki ina tInoMke kartA zrIcandramuni haiM, jo balAtkAragaNake zrInandi nAmaka satkavike ziSya the aura jinhoMne dhArA nagarImeM vi0 saM0 1087 aura 1080 meM ukta granthoM kI racanA kI hai| aba zrIprabhAcaMdracAryake granthoMko dekhie aura unameM sabase pahale AdipurANaTippaNako lIjieprAraMbha--praNamya vIraM vibudhendrasaMstutaM nirastadoSaM vRSabhaM mahodayam / padArthasaMdigdhajanaprabodhakaM mahApurANasya karomi TippaNam // anta-samastasandehaharaM manoharaM prakRSTapuNyaprabhavaM jinezvaram / kRtaM purANe prathame suTippaNaM sukhAvabodhaM nikhilArthadarpaNam / / iti zrIprabhAcaMdraviracitamAdipurANaTippaNakaM paMcAsazlokahInaM sahasradvayaparimANaM parisamAptA (saM) / zubhaM bhavatu / puSpadantake mahApurANake do bhAga haiM eka AdipurANa aura dUsarA uttarapurANa / ina bhAgoMkI pratiyA~ alaga alaga bhI milatI haiM aura samagra graMthakI eka prati bhI milatI hai / zrIcandrane aura prabhAcandrane donoM bhAgoMpara TippaNa likhe haiN| zrIcandrakA AdipurANakA TippaNa to abhI taka hameM nahIM milA parantu prabhAcandrake donoM bhAgoMke TippaNa upalabdha haiN| unameMse AdipurANa-TippaNakA maMgalAcaraNa 1 bhANDArakara risarca insTiTayUTa kI prati naM0 463 (Apha 1876-77 ) / aura prazasti Upara dI jA cukI hai / aba uttarapurANake TippaNako lIjieantima aMza - ityAcArya prabhAcaMdradevaviracitaM uttarapurANaTippaNaka yadhikazatatamaH sandhiH / nityaM tatra tavaprasannamanasA yatpuNyamatyadbhutaM yAtastena samastavastuviSayaM cetazcamatkArakaH / vyAkhyAtaM hi tadA purANamamalaM sva(su)spaSTamiSTAkSaraiH bhUyAcetasi dhImatAmatitarAM candrArkatArAvadhiH / / 1 / / tattvAdhAramahApurANagama(ga)nadyo( jjyo )tI janAnandanaH sarvaprANimanaHprabhedaphTutA praspaSTavAkyaiH karaiH / bhavyAbjapratibodhakaH samudito bhUbhRtprabhAcaMdrato jIyATTipaNakaH pracaMDataraNiH sarvArthamagradyutiH // 2 //

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338 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zrIjayasiMhadevarAjye zrImaddhArAnivAsinA parAparaparameSThipraNAmopArjitAmalapuNyanirAkRtAkhilamalakalaMkena zrIprabhAcaMdrapaMDitena mahApurANaTippaNakaM zatatryadhikasahasratrayaparimANaM kRtamiti' / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha TippaNa dhArAnivAsI paM0 prabhAcandrane jayasiMha - devake ( paramAraneraza bhojadevake uttarAdhikArIke ) rAjyameM racA hai / AdipurANake TippaNa meM yadyapi dhArAkA aura jayasiMhadeva ke rAjyakA ullekha nahIM hai aura isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki AdipurANa svataMtra graMtha nahIM hai, mahApurANakA hI aMza hai parantu vaha hai inhI prabhAcaMdrakA | isI uttarapurANa- TippaNakI eka prati Agareke motIkaTareke maMdira meM hai jo kucha samaya pahale sAhityasandeza ke sampAdaka zrImahendrajIke dvArA hameM dekhaneko milI thI / usakI patrasaMkhyA 33 hai aura usakA dUsarA aura 32 vA~ patra naSTa ho gayA hai / usameM 33 veM patrakA prAraMbha isa taraha hai-- meSaH || 9 sAivai svAtisthAne || 10 aNivaU anuktasvarUpaH / vasusama - guNasarIru samyaktvAdyaSTaguNasvarUpaH / hayattiu hatArtiH || 11 paDhivi pAThaM gRhaNam / mAmaieM kavivarasya nAmedam | sotteM pravAheNa || isake Age vaha zloka aura prazasti hai jo Upara dI jA cukI hai / yaha uttara purANa- TippaNa zrIcandra ke uttarapurANase bhinna hai / kyoMki usake aMtake TippaNa prabhAcaMdra ke TippaNoMse nahIM milte| prabhAcaMdra ke TippaNakA aMza Upara diyA gayA hai / zrIcaMdra ke TippaNakA aMtima aMza yaha hai dese sArae itisambandhaH / paDhama jyeSThA / niraMgu kAmaH / muI mUkI / jalamaMthaNu antimakalkino nAmedaM / virasesai gajiSyati / paDhevi pAThagrahaNanAmedaM isake Age hI ' zrIvikramAdityasaMvatsare ' Adi prazasti hai ! zrIcaMdra ke uttarapurANa - TippaNa kI lokasaMkhyA 1700 hai jaba ki prabhAcaMdra ke TippaNakI 1350 | kyoMki prabhAcandra ke sampUrNa mahApurANa- TippaNakI lokasaMkhyA 3300 batalAI gaI hai aura AdipurANakI 1950 / 3300 meMse A0 pu0 Ti0 kI 1950 saMkhyA bAda denese 1350 saMkhyA raha jAtI hai / jisa taraha zrIcaMdrake banAye hue kaI grantha haiM jinameM se tInakA paricaya Upara 1 yaha graMtha jayapurake pATodIke maMdira ke bhaMDArakA hai ( grantha naM0 233 ) | Agare ke motI kaTareke mandirakI pratimeM bhI prazastikA yahI pATha hai /

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zrIcandra aura prabhAcandra diyA jA cukA hai usI taraha prabhAcaMdra ke bhI aneka svataMtra graMtha aura TIkA-TippaNa graMtha haiM aura unameMse kaI meM unhoMne dhArA nivAsI aura jayasiMhadeva ke rAjyakA ullekha kiyA hai jaise ki ArAdhanAkathAkoza (gadya) meM likhA hai 339 zrIjayasiMhadevarAjye zrImaddhArAnivAsinA parAparapaMcaparameSThipraNAmopArjitAmalapuNyanirAkRtanikhilamalakalaMkena zrImatprabhAcaMdrapaMDitena ArAdhanAsatkathAprabaMdhaH kRtaH / unhoMne kaI graMtha jayasiMhadeva se pahale bhojadeva ke samaya meM bhI banAye haiM' aura unameM apane lie lagabhaga yahI vizeSaNa diye haiM / ina saba bAtoMse spaSTa ho gayA hai ki ye donoM granthakarttA bhinna bhinna haiM aura donoM ko eka samajhanA bhrama hai| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki jayapura ke lipikarttAne pahale prabhAcandrake TippaNakI eka nakala kI hogI aura taba usakI yaha dhAraNA bana gaI hogI ki TippaNa ke karttA prabhAcandra haiM aura usake bAda jaba usase zrIcandrake TippaNakI bhI nakala karAI hogI taba usane usI dhAraNAke anusAra 'zrIcandra' ko galata samajhakara ' prabhAcaMdrAcAryaviracitaM ' likha diyA hogA / yahA~ yaha kaha denA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai ki ye vahI prabhAcandra haiM jinake banAye hue prameyakamalamArtaNDa aura nyAyakumudacandra nAmake prasiddha nyAyagrantha haiM aura jinhoMne jainendravyAkaraNapara zabdAmbhojabhAskara nAmakA bhASya likhA hai / ratnakaraNDaTIkA, kriyAkalApaTIkA, samAdhitaMtraTIkA, AtmAnuzAsanatilaka, dravyasaMgraha paMjikA, pravacanasarojabhAskara, sarvArthasiddhiTippaNa (tattvArthavRttipada vivaraNa) Adi TIkAyeM aura ArAdhanAkathAkoza ( gadya ) bhI unhIMkA hai / inake sivAya aSTapAhur3a-paMjikA, svayaMbhU stotra - paMjikA, devAgama- paMjikA, samayasAra - TIkA, paMcAstikAya TIkA, mUlAcAra- TIkA, ArAdhanA - TIkA Adi TIkA- grantha bhI jinake nAma grantha- sUciyoM meM milate haiM zAyada unhIMke hoM / 1 jaise prameyakamalamArtaNDake antameM -- " zrIbhojadevarAjye zrImaddhArAnivAsinA parAparaparameSThipadapraNAmArjitAmalapuNyanirAkRtanikhila malakalaMkena zrImatprabhAcaMdrapaMDitena nikhila - pramANaprameyasvarUpodyotaparIkSAmukhapadamidaM vivRtamiti / 2 dekho nyAyakumudacanda dvi0 khaMDakI nyAyAcArya paM0 mahendrakumArAlekhita bhUmikA /

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sAmpradAyika dveSakA eka udAharaNa bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa saMsArake sabhI dharmoM meM unake pravartakoMke dehAnta honepara choTese choTe matabhedoMke kAraNa samaya samayapara aneka pantha yA sampradAya hote rahe haiM aura dhIre dhIre unameM paraspara itanA dveSa bar3ha gayA hai ki dekha-sunakara Azcarya hotA hai / haraeka sampradAyake guru yA AcArya gRhastha na hokara prAyaH sAdhu saMnyAsI huA karate haiM aura sarva sAdhAraNa logoMkA yaha vizvAsa rahatA hai ki unakI manobhUmikA rAgadveSameM phaMse hue saMsArI gRhasthoMse U~cI hotI hai| Atma-kalyANa aura para-kalyANake lie hI ve sAdhuvRtti dhAraNa karate haiM, unakA nijI svArtha kucha nahIM hotaa| isa lie ve jo kucha kahate yA likhate haiM, vaha kalyANakArI hI hotA hai| parantu sampradAya-moha eka aisI cIja hai ki vaha sAdhu aura gRhastha donoMko hI anghA banA detI hai aura unase sabhI kucha apakRtya karA letI hai| isake udAharaNameM bhaTTAraka zrIzrIbhUSaNa peza kiye jA sakate haiM jo sojitrA ( bharoMca ) kI kASThAsaMghakI gaddIke paTTadhara the / sojitrAmeM mUlasaMgha aura kASThAsaMgha ina donoM sampradAyoMkI gaddiyA~ thIM jinameMse mUlasaMghakI to aba bhI hai, parantu kASThAsaMghakI gaddI uTha gaI hai / usake antima bhaTTAraka bambaIke kamAThIpurAmeM apanI eka celIke sAtha rahate the aura jyotiSa-vaidyakakA dhaMdhA karate the / lekhakako eka bAra unake darzana karanekA bhI saubhAgya prApta huA thaa| avazya hI donoM sampradAyoMke bIca zrIbhUSaNake samayameM khUba dveSa bar3ha rahA hogA, donoM gaddiyoMmeM khUba pratispardhA hogI aura usIke visphoTakA pAThakoMkA isa lekhameM paricaya milegaa| ___ bambaIke terahapaMthI di0 jaina mandirake bhaMDArameM 700 patroMkA eka prAcIna aura jIrNa zIrNa guTakA hai jo anumAnase cAra pA~ca sau varSa pahalekA likhA huA hai / isameM bIsoM granthoMkA sAra bhAga, bIsoM sampUrNa grantha aura saikar3oM choTe moThe pATha saMgrahIta haiM, jinase saMgraha karanevAlekI ruci, yogyatA aura bahuzrutatAkA patA lagatA

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sAmpradAyika dveSakA eka udAharaNa hai / unhoMne nizcayase apane svAdhyAya ke lie ise likhA yA likhavAyA hogA / likhA bhI bahuta zuddha hai / pustaka bahuta jIrNa ho gaI hai, jo pIche jagaha jagaha bar3I sAvadhAnI se marammata karake ThIka kI gaI hai / 341 isa guTakeke likhane likhAnevAle koI mUla saMghake anuyAyI hoMge parantu pIchese vi0 saMvat 1636 meM yaha ahamadAbAda ke zrIbhUSaNa bhaTTArakake hAthameM pahu~ca gayA jo kASThAsaMgha ke paTTadhara the aura jinhoMne apaneko padmApAkavicakravartI tathA ghaTdarzanatarkacakravartI likhA hai / jAna par3atA hai ki Apako mUla saMgha se atyanta dveSa thA, aisA dveSa ki jisakI eka sAdhumeM hama kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sakate / isa lie Apane ukta guTake meM jahA~ jahA~ ukta mUlasaMghI sajanakA nAmAdi likhA thA vahA~ vahA~ har3atAla pherakara usapara apanA nAma likha diyA hai / isake sivAya jahA~ thor3I-sI bhI khAlI jagaha pAI hai, vahA~ " zrIkASThAsaMghe nadItaTagacche bhaTTArakazrIrAmasenAnvAnvaye zrIzrIbhUSaNena likhApitaM " likha diyA hai| guTake meM eka pratikramaNa pATha bhI hai; parantu bhaTTArakajIkI dRSTimeM vaha zAyada mUlasaMdhiyoMke hI upayogakA thA, kASThAsaMghI usase apanA Atma-kalyANa nahIM kara sakate the, isalie usake nIce Apane likha diyA hai - " mayUrasaMdhinaH pratikramaNaM vinodAya ca vilokanAya likhApitaM na tu paThanAya / " arthAt mUlasaMghiyoM kA pratikramaNa vinodake lie tathA dekhane ke lie likhavAyA hai, par3hane ke lie nahIM ! SaTbhASAkavicakravartI mahAzaya itane se hI santuSTa nahIM hue / unhoMne ukta guTake meM likhe hue devasenAcArya ke suprasiddha 'darzanasAra kI bar3I hI durdazA kI hai / pAThaka jAnate haiM ki isameM bauddha, AjIvaka, zvetAmbara, yApanIya, draviDasaMgha, kASThAsaMgha AdikI utpatti likhI hai / usameM se kASThAsaMghakI utpattikA kathana cU~ki Apako pasanda na thA isalie usapara bhI Apane apanI kalama-karAmAta dikhalAI hai aura usameM jahA~ ' kASThAsaMgha ' likhA thA vahA~ ' mUlasaMgha, ' jahA~ ' kumArasena likhA thA vahA~ ' padmanandi, ' jahA~ 'gopucchaka' likhA thA, vahA~ ' mayUrasaMgha ' yA mUlasaMgha' aura jahA~ ' nandItaTa ' likhA thA vahA~ ' giranAra ' har3atAla phera phera kara likha diyA hai / yaha parivartana karate samaya unhoMne isa bAtakA khayAla hI nahIM kiyA ki hama yaha kyA kara rahe haiM aura isase kitanA golamAla ho jAyagA / aura nIce likhI gAthAke arthapara to zAyada ve vicAra hI nahIM kara sake, unhoMne ise jyoMkA tyoM rahane diyA jisameM kASThAsaMghakI mAnatAoM ko batalAyA hai aura jo ( ,

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342 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa mUlasaMghakI mAnatAyeM kisI taraha ho hI nahIM sakatIM itthINaM puNadikkhA khullayaloyassa vIracariattaM / kakkasakesaggahaNaM chaThaM ca aNNuvvadaM NAma / / isake sivAya zrIbhUSaNajIne padmanandi yA kundakundako hI mUla saMghakA utpAdaka banA DAlA hai ! parantu isa ora ApakA dhyAna hI nahIM gayA ki ' kaI saMgha'kI jagaha 'mUlaM saMgha' kara kara denese kundakundakA samaya vi0 saM0 753 ho jAtA hai' jo ki sarvathA avizvasanIya hai| __ zrIbhUSaNajI darzanasArakI gAthAoMmeM pUrvokta ulaTa phera karake hI santuSTa nahIM hue haiM, unhoMne mUla saMghako atizaya nindya aura Adhunika siddha karane ke lie apane 'pratibodha-cintAmaNi' nAmaka saMskRta granthake prAraMbhameM eka kathA bhI gar3hakara likha DAlI hai jisakA sAra yahA~ diyA jAtA hai " eka bAra anantakIrti AcArya giranAraparvatapara bandanAke lie gaye, vahA~ unhoMne padmanandi Adi bahutase nirdaya, pApI aura kriyAhIna kApAlikoMko dekhA aura unakI bhalAI ke lie upadeza diyA jisase ve hiMsAkA tyAga karake brahmacArI ho gaye / kApAlika loga caki hAthameM mayUrakI picchi rakhate aura galemeM liMga pahanate the, isalie AcAryane unakI 'mayUrabhaMgI' saMjJA rakha dii| Age kAlayogase yaha mayUrazRMgI saMgha bahuta phaila gayA / "isake pazcAt padmanandine apanA nAma prasiddha karane ke lie nandisaMgha nAmakA saMgha sthApita kiyA aura ujjayinImeM apane guruke hI sAtha vivAda karanA zurU kara diyA / kaulika matake hI samAna vaha apane pakSakA pratipAdana karane lagA aura guruse bolA, 'mere ina vacanoMkI sAkSI svayaM zAradA devI haiM' aura mantra-balase 1 parivartita gAthAoMne yaha rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai so samaNasaghaMvajo paumanaMdI hu samayamicchatto / cattovasamo ruddo mUlaM saMgha parUvedi / / sattasaye tevaNNe vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / girinAre varagAme mUlo saMgho muNeyavvo / / 2 yaha grantha sojitrA gaddIke antima bhaTTArakake pAsa thA aura unhIMke kRpAse mujhe san 1908 meM kucha ghaNToMke lie par3haneko milA thA /

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sAmpradAyika dveSakA eka udAharaNa 343 usane zAradAko vAcAla bhI kara diyaa| vaha bolI, 'padmanandi jo kahate haiM vahI satya hai !' padmanandine cU~ki sarasvatIko balAtkArase bulavAyA, isalie usakA sarasvatI gaccha aura balAtkAra gaNa prasiddha huaa| " eka bAra pApI padmanandine maMtra siddha karate samaya balidAnake nimitta eka mayUrako mAra DAlA aura vaha mayUra marakara vyantara deva huaa| pUrva vairase vaha padmanandiko nAnA prakArake vAta-pitta-kaphajanya asAdhya rogoMse pIr3ita karane lagA aura pratyakSa hokara bolA, 're pApI, tUne mujhe mArA thA isalie aba maiM bhI tujhe maaruuNgaa|' isapara padmanandike ziSyoM-muniyoM aura zrAvakoMne-usake Age bahuta hI ArajU minnata kI / jaba vaha prasanna huA to bolA, 'Agese tumheM gopuccha chor3akara merI pU~cha (mayUra-puccha) dhAraNa karake mere nAmase apane saMghako prasiddha karanA hogaa|' ise padmanandine svIkAra kara liyA aura usI samayase mayUrasaMghakI sthApanA huI / ___ " eka bAra padmanandi apane pairoMmeM eka oSadhikA lepa karake antardhAna ho gayA aura kucha samayake bAda lauTa AyA / zrAvakoMke pUchanepara usane kahA, maiM videha kSetrameM sImaMdhara svAmIke samavasaraNameM gayA thA aura unake mukhase upadeza sunakara lauTA hU~ / mUrkha zrAvakoMne usakI bAtoMpara vizvAsa kara liyaa| unhoMne yaha nahIM socA ki paMcamakAlameM koI manuSya videha-kSetrako kaise jA sakatA hai ? zAstrameM isakA niSedha hai| __"jaba padmanandi maMtra-taMtrAdike balapara bahuta anyAyAcaraNa karane lagA taba usake gurune aura zrAvakoMne use apane dezase nikAla diyA aura vaha karnATakameM jAkara cAra gacchoMkI kalpanA karake aura cAroM vargoM ke logoMko saMbodhita karake rahane lgaa| vahA~ usane svecchAcAritA chor3a dI jisase usakI khUba prasiddhi huii|" __ mUlasaMghakI utpattikI kathAkA yahI sAra hai| isameM mayUrazRMgI, mayUrasaMgha, nandisaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha, balAtkAragaNa aura cAra gacchoMkI sArthakatA siddha karaneke lie kathAkArakI kalpanAko kitane cakkara kATane par3e haiM aura vaha kitanI beDaula ho gaI hai, yaha pratyeka buddhimAn pAThaka samajha sakatA hai / __ yaha kathA aura pUrvokta guTakeke sAtha kiyA gayA atyAcAra, isa bAtake pramANa haiM ki hamAre guru aura AcArya kahalAnavAla bhI apanI kalamakA kahA~taka durupayoga kara sakate haiM / bhagavAn padmanandi yA kundakundAcArya jaise mahApuruSoM

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344 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa aura zuddha AdhyAtmikoM ko bhI jo kevala saMgha-bhedake kAraNa itanA nIca aura nindya citrita kara sakate haiM, ve aura kyA nahIM kara sakate ? __ kASThA saMgha aura mUla saMgha donoM hI digambara sampradAyake saMgha haiM, donoM eka hI siddhAntake mAnanevAle haiM, donoMmeM koI bar3e mata-bheda bhI nahIM haiM aura donoM hI eka dUsareke AcAryoke granthoMkA paThana-pAThana karate haiM / phira bhI zrIbhUSaNa bhaTTAraka apane sadharmI aura pUjya kundakundAcAryako jisa rUpameM citrita karate haiM use dekhakara kise paritApa na hogA ? abhI hAla hI hameM zrIbhUSaNa bhaTTArakakA zAntinAthapurANa nAmakA graMtha yahA~ke ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavanameM (32 ka) milA hai / usakI prazastise jise hama Aga de rahe haiM unake sthAna aura samaya AdikA pUrA paricaya mila jAtA hai / usake anusAra ve kASThAsaMghake nandItaTa gacchaka vidyA gaNameM hue haiN| unhoMne apanI guruparamparA isa prakAra dI hai-rAmasenake anvayameM kramase nemisena, dharmasena, vimalasena, vizAlakIrti, vizvasena aura vidyAbhUSaNa hue aura ina vidyAbhUSaNake paTTa-kamalako praphullita karanevAle sUryake samAna zrIbhUpaNa hue / unhoMne vi0 saMvat 1659, adhana sudI terasa guruvArako yaha purANa likhaa| gurjara dezameM sojitrA nAmakA nagara hai, vahA~ neminAthake mandirake samIpa isa 4025 zloka parimita granthakI racanA kI gii| __ pUrvokta-sarasvatI bhavanameM hI zrIbhUSaNake ziSya bhaTTAraka candrakIrtikA banAyA huA 'pArzvapurANa' grantha hai| usase bhI zrIbhUpaNakI ukta guruparamparA tathA samayAdikI puSTi hotI hai| yaha pArzvapurANa vaizAkha sudI 7, guruvAra, saM0 1654 ko devagiri ( daulatAbAda ) ke pArzvanAtha-caityAlayameM banakara samApta huA thaa| candrakIrtine apane ukta gurujIko saccAritrataponidhi, vidvAnoMke abhimAnazikharako tor3anevAlA vajra, syAdvAdavidyAcaNa batalAyA hai aura kahA hai ki unake 1 sojitrAke pUrvokta bhaTTArakajIne mujhe batalAyA thA ki ve malakheDa (nijAma ) kI gaddIke bhI adhikArI hai aura vaha gaddI mUlasaMghakI hai| eka majekI bAta unhoMne yaha bhI batalAI thI ki usa taraphake ziSyoMmeM jaba ve jAte haiM, taba gopuccha chor3akara mayUrapicchi le lete haiM ! daulatAbAda malakheDake hI ilAkemeM hai, ataeva candrakIti zAyada malakheDase hI daulatAbAda gaye hoNge|

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sAmpradAyika dveSakA eka udAharaNa 345 Age guru ( bRhaspati ) kA gurutva nahIM rahA, uzanA ( zukrAcArya ) kI buddhikI koI prazaMsA nahIM / so aise hI mahAn AcAryakI buddhine samayasArAdi granthoMke karttA kundakunda munikA pUrvokta satkAra kiyA hai ! zAntinAtha-purANakI prazasti kASThAsaMghAvagacche vimalataraguNe sAranaMdItaTAMke khyAte vidyAgaNe vai sakalabudhajanaiH sevanIye vareNye / zrImacchIrAmasenAnvayatilakasamA nema( mi )senAH surendrAH bhUyAsuste munIndrA vratanikarayutA bhUmipaiH pUjyapAdAH // 456 zrIdharmaseno yativRMdasevyaH virAjate bhUvalaye nitAMtaM / vaimalyasano pi yathArthanAmA cAritraratnAkara eva nityam / / 457 vizAlakIrtizca vizAlakIrtiH jambUdrumAMke vimale sadaiva / vibhAti vidyArNava eva nityaM vairAgyapAthonidhi zuddhacetAH // 458 zrIvizvasenA yativRMdamukhyaH virAjate vItabhayaH salIlaH / svatarkani rzitasarvaDimbhaH vikhyAtakIrtirjitamAramUrtiH / / 559 tatpaTTavidyArNavapAragatA jIyAtpRthivyAM pRthuvRttvRttH| vidyAvibhUSo'pi yathArthanAmA vidyAvinodena ca labdhakIrtiH // 460 vidyAbhUSaNapaTTakaMjataraNiH zrIbhUSaNo bhUSaNo jIyAjIvadayAparo guNanidhiH saMsevito sajanaiH / kASThAsaghaMsaritpatiH zazadharo vAdI vizAlopamaH sadvatto'rkadharoti suMdarataro zrIjainamArgAnugaH // 461 saMvatsare SoDazanAmadheye ekonazataSaSTiyute vareNye / zrImArgazIrSe racitaM mayA hi zAstraM ca varSe vimalaM vizuddham // 462 trayodazIsadivasa vizuddha vAre gurau zAntijinasya ramyaM / purANametadvimalaM vizAlaM jIyAcira puNyakaraM narANAm / / 463 vizodhyatAM sAdhujanA samagraM yaduktametanniyataM purANaM / paThaMtvidaM cApi ca pAThayaMtu niSkAsya doSAM ca visaMdhibhUtAn // 464 vidyAbhUSaNasatpadAMbujaraviH zrIbhUSaNo bhUSaNo / saubhAgyaikanidhiH cakAra caturo zAstraM satAM saukhyadam /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa SaDbhASAkavicakravarti sutarAM zrIzAntinAthasya vai nAnAvarNanasaMyutaM aghaharaM puNyapradaM pAvanam // 465 zrIgarjarepyasti puraM prasiddhaM saujitra nAmAbhidhameva sAraM / zrIneminAthasya samIpamAzu cakAra zAstraM jinabhUtiramyam // 466 asya zAstrasya vijJayAH zlokAH ctuHshsrkaaH| paMcaviMzatisaMyuktA vijJeyA lekhakaiH sadA // 467 iti zrIzAntinAthapurANe bhaTTArakazrAvidyAbhUSaNatatpaTTAcalAdevAkarAyamAnabhaTTArakazrIzrIbhUSaNaviracite zAntinAthasamavasaraNa-dharmopadeza-mokSagamanavarNano nAma SoDazaH sargaH smaaptH| likhitaM muni rAmavijayena yathA prati lekhakaja doSo na vidyate / pArzvanAthapurANakI prazasti kASThAsaMghe gacchanandItaTIyaH zrImadvidyAbhUSaNAkhyazcasUriH / AsItpaTTe tasya kAmAntakArI vidyApAtraM divyacAritradhArI / tatpaTTAmbarabhUSaNaikataraNiH syAdvAdavidyAcaNo vidvdvndkulaabhimaanshikhrprdhvNstiivaashniH| saccAritrataponidhirmativaro vidvatsu ziSyairyutaH zrIzrIbhUSaNasUrirATa vijayatezrIkASThAsaMghAgraNIH / / yadagrato naitigururgurutvaM zlAghyaM na gacchatyuzano'pi buddhayA bhAratyapi (?) naiti mAhAtmyamugraM zrIbhUSaNaH sUrivaraHsa pAyAt / / X zrImaddevIgarau manoharapura zrIpArzvanAthAlaye varSebdhISurasekameya iha vai zrIvikramAMke sare / saptamyAM guruvAsare zravaNabhe vaizAkhamAse site pAzrvAdhIzapurANamuttamamidaM paryAptamevottaram / / iti trijagadekacUDAmaNizrIpArzvanAthapurANe zrIcandrakI-cAryapraNIte bhagavanivaNikalyANakavyAvarNano nAma paMcadazaH sargaH / 1 pArzvapurANakI vistRta prazasti ailaka paM0 sarasvatI-bhavanakI pA~ca varSakI riporTameM ( pRSTha 27,34 ) meM prakAzita huI hai|

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya panthoMkI utpatti aura vikAsa saMsArameM jitane dharma yA sampradAya haiM, una sabameM unake sthApita hone ke samayase lekara aba taka, aneka pantha, zAkhA, upazAkhAsvarUpa bheda hote rahe haiM aura naye naye hote jAte haiM / aisA eka bhI dharma nahIM hai jisameM ekAdhika bheda yA pantha na hoN| ye bheda yA pantha aneka kAraNoMse hote haiN| unameM bahuta bar3A kAraNa dezakAlakI paristhitiyA~ haiM / pratyeka dharmake upAsakoMmeM do prakArakI prakRtiyA~ pAI jAtI haiM / eka prakRti to aisI hotI hai jo apane dharmake vicAroM yA AcAroMke viSayameM jarA bhI Tasase masa nahIM honA cAhatI, unhIMko jorake sAtha pakar3e rahatI hai aura dUsarI prakRti deza aura kAlakI badalI huI paristhitiyoM aura AvazyakatAoMke anusAra mUla AcAra-vicAroMmeM thor3A bahuta parivartana kara leneko taiyAra ho jAtI hai, vizeSa karake aise parivartana jo sugama aura ArAmadeha hote haiN| basa, inhIM donoM prakRtiyoM kI khIMca-tAna aura ragar3a-jhagar3ase eka nayA sampradAya yA pantha khar3A ho jAtA hai aura usake jhaNDeke nIce dUsarI prakRtike hajAroM manuSya Akara use vistRta aura samRddha kara dete haiM / para Age calakara yaha nayA pantha bhI avibhakta nahIM rahane paataa| sau do sau varSoMmeM phira naI paristhitiyoM aura AvazyakatAoMke kAraNa usameM bhI aura aura bheda janma lene lagate haiM / isa taraha barAbara naye naye sampradAya aura pantha janma lete rahate haiM aura mUla dharmako aneka bhAgoMmeM vibhakta karanekA zreya prApta kiyA karate haiN| ___ isa bheda vRddhi ke sAtha sAtha dharmake mUla siddhAntoMkA bhI krama kramase rUpAntara hotA rahatA hai| pahalI aura dUsarI, donoM hI prakRtike loga, ApasakI khIMcatAnameM unako apane apane pakSake anusAra banAnemeM lage rahate haiM aura isa kAraNa unameM kucha na kucha vikRti Aye binA nahIM rhtii| purAnA sAhitya jIrNa zIrNa durlabha yA alabhya hotA rahatA hai, usake sthAnameM nayA sAhitya banatA rahatA hai

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348 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa aura nayA, purAnekA anudhAvana karanevAlA honepara bhI, kucha na kucha nayA avazya hotA jAtA hai / isa taraha jaba hajAroM varSa bIta jAte haiM, taba kucha vidvAn aise bhI hote haiM, jo isa vikRta rUpako saMzodhita karanekI AvazyakatA anubhava karate haiM aura dharmakI mUla prakRtikA adhyayana karake tathA prAcIna granthoMko prApta karake unake sahAre dharmake usI prAcIna svarUpako phirase prakaTa karanekA prayatna karate haiM; parantu use sarvasAdhAraNa gatAnugatika loga nahIM mAnate aura isa kAraNa jo loga unheM mAnane lagate haiM unakA phira eka judA hI sampradAya bana jAtA hai| isa tarahake prayatna bAra bAra huA karate haiM aura pratyeka bAra ve sivAya isake ki eka aura naye sampradAyakI nIva DAla jAveM, sabako apanA anuyAyI nahIM banA sakate / isa prakArake prayatnoMse eka lAbha bhI hotA hai aura vaha yaha ki prAyaH pratyeka dharmake anuyAyI apane dharmake mUla aura prAcIna siddhAntoMse bahuta dUra nahIM bhaTakane pAte-unake karIba karIba hI bane rahate haiN| phira bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki isa prakArake prayatnoMse utpanna huA koI sampradAya apane dharmake mUla svarUpako jaike taise rUpameM pA jAtA ho / bIcakA hajAroM varSoMkA lambA samaya, mUla dharmapravartakoMkI AjJAoM yA upadezoMkI vAstavika rUpameM aura yatheSTa saMkhyAmeM aprApti, mUla upadezoMkI bhASApara pUrA adhikAra na honese artha-bheda honekI saMbhAvanA, aura prayatnakartAoMkA bhrAntipramAdapUrNa jJAna Adi aneka kAraNa aise haiM jo mUlasvarUpako prApta karanemeM bar3e bhArI bAdhaka haiM / bahutase panthoM yA bhedoMkI sRSTi dharmaguruoMke Apasake rAga dveSase aura krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kaSAyoMse bhI huA karatI hai / bahutase panthoMkA itihAsa dekhanese mAlUma hotA hai ki ve bilkula jarA jarAse mata-bhedoMke kAraNa judA ho gaye haiM / yadi unake pravartaka ' samajhaute' kI ora jarA bhI jhukate to judA honekI AvazyakatA hI na par3atI / para becAre 'samajhaute' kI kaSAya-kSetroMtaka pahu~ca hI kahA~ hai ? bahutase panthoMkA janma apane samayake kisI prabhAvazAlI dharmake AkramaNase apane dharmako DagamagAte dekha, usameM usa dharmake anukUla parivartana aura saMzodhana karane athavA unakA anukaraNa karaneke kAraNa bhI huA hai / kucha loga aise bhI hote haiM jinheM apane buddhi-vaibhavase apane dharmameM aneka doSa mAlUma hote

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya aura ve use chor3akara anya dharma grahaNa karanekI apekSA usako hI saMskRta yA mArjita karanA acchA sasajhate haiM aura isa taraha unakA vaha saMskAra kiyA huA dharma eka naye paMthameM pariNata ho jAtA hai| ___ isa taraha aneka kAraNoMse vividha panthoM aura sampradAyoMkI utpatti huA karatI hai aura isa taraha yaha dharmoMkI 'bela' nirantara bar3hatI aura phalatI phUlatI rahatI hai| __bahutase pantha kSaNajanmA bhI hote haiM / utpanna hue, kucha bar3he, aura phUlanephalaneke pahale hI murajhAkara naSTa ho gaye / aise panthoM ke nAma taka loga bhUla jAte haiM / kisI kisI prAcIna pustakake patra avazya hI unakI smRti banAye rakhate haiM / na jAne aise kitane sampradAya abataka isa pRthvIpara janma lekara nAmazeSa ho cuke haiM / jainadharmake sampradAya aura pantha saMsArameM sAmya, ahiMsA, maitrIbhAva aura anekAnta jaise samanvayakArI siddhAntake parama pracAraka jainadharmameM bhI aba taka aneka sampradAya aura panthoMkI sRSTi ho cukI hai, jinameMse bahuta se sampradAyoMkA astitva to banA huA hai aura bahuta-se kAlake gAlameM vilIna ho cuke haiM / jainadharmake digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAya donoMkI paramparAgata anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra vikramakI dUsarI zatAbdike prAraMbhameM alaga hue the parantu hamArA anumAna hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIrake nirvANake bAda hI, unake asAdhAraNa vyaktitvake gata hote hI, inake aMkurAropaNa ho gaye hoMge aura Age calakara unhoMne pallavita puSpita hote hote apane pRthak astitvako ghoSita kiyA hogaa| ___ ina sampradAyoMmeM bhI aneka zAkhAyeM prazAkhAyeM huI, parantu yahA~ unake ullekhakI AvazyakatA nahIM mAlUma hotI / hama isa lekha meM kevala aisI do zAkhAoMkI carcA karanA cAhate haiM jo donoM hI sampradAyoM meM bahuta samayase calI A rahI haiM aura jinakA hama ' vanavAsI' aura ' maThavAsI' yA 'caityavAsI' nAmoMse ullekha kreNge| jatI aura bhaTTAraka, saMvegI aura nagna muni zvetAmbaroMmeM isa samaya jo jatI yA zrIpUjya kahalAte haiM ve maThavAsI yA caityavAsI zAkhAke avazeSa haiM aura jo ' saMvegI' muni kahalAte haiM ve vanavAsI zAkhAke puraskartA haiM / saMvegI apaneko suvihita mArga yA vidhi-mArgake anuyAyI kahate haiM /

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350 jainasAhitya aura itihasa isI taraha digambara sampradAyake bhaTTAraka ' maThavAsI' zAkhAke aura nanamuni jo viralaprAya haiM ve 'vanavAsI zAkhAke' avazeSa haiN| bhaTTArakoMke lie ' jatI' zabda digambara sampradAyameM bhI pracalita rahA hai| __bhaTTArakoM aura jatiyoMkA AcaraNa lagabhaga eka sA hai| yadyapi ye donoM hI nirgranthatA aura aparigrahatAkA dAvA karate haiM parantu vAstavameM hai ye parigrahI aura cainase jindagI basara karanevAle / digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI zAkhAoMke sAdhu nirgrantha kahalAte haiM aura nirgranthakA artha hai saba prakArake parigrahose rahita / yadyapi zvetAmbara sampradAyameM sAdhuoMko lajA nivAraNake lie bahuta hI sAdA, vastra rakhanekI chuTTI dI gaI hai parantu jina zAke sAtha dI gaI hai vaha na deneke hI barAbara hai| vAstavameM azakti yA lAcArAmeM hI vastrakA upayoga karanekI AjJA hai / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki vikramakI sAtavIM AThavIM zatAbdi taka to zvetAmbara sAdhu bhI kAraNa par3anepara hI vastra dhAraNa karate the aura so bhI kaTi-vastra / yadi kaTi-vastra bhI niSkAraNa dhAraNa kiyA jAtA thA to dhAraNa karanevAle sAdhuko kusA mAnA jAtA thaa| AcArya haribhadrane apane saMbodha prakaraNameM apane samayake caityavAsI kuguruoMkA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki ve keza-loca nahIM karate, pratimA vahana karate zaramAte haiM, zarIraparakA maila utArate haiM, pAdukAyeM pahina kara phirate haiM aura vinA kAraNa kaTivastra bA~dhate haiM / unhoMne unheM klIba kahA hai| ___ kucha paricita zvetAmbara sAdhuoMse mAlUma huA ki abhI kucha hI samaya pahaleke zvetAmbara sAdhu apane upAzrayoM meM jaba baiThe hote the, taba zarIrake adhobhAgapara eka vastra-khaMDa DAle rahate the, use bA~dhate taka na the| bAhara nikalate samaya hI ve kaTi-vastra dhAraNa karate the| 1 idhara 15-20 varSase digambara sampradAyameM kucha nagna muni bhI najara Ane lage haiM parantu isake pahale saikar3oM varSose isa sampradAyameM muni-paramparA vicchinna rahI hai / 2 dekho AcArAMgasUtra pra0 zru0, adhyayana 6, uddezya 3 aura dvi0 zru0 adhyayana 14 u0 1,2 / 3 kIvo na kuNai loyaM lajai paDimAi jallamuvaNeI / sovAhaNo ya hiMDai baMdhai kaTipaTTayamakaje // 34 // -saMbodha prakaraNa pR0 14

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya vastra-pAtrake sivAya digambara - zvetAmbara sAdhuoMke AcAra meM aura koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai / donoMke AcAra-granthoM meM kahA hai ki muniyoMko bastI se bAhara udyAnoM- -yA zUnya gRhoM meM rahanA cAhie, anuddiSTa bhojana karanA cAhie / dharmopakaraNoMke atirikta anya saba prakArake parigrahoM se dUra rahanA cAhie, jamInapara sonA cAhie, paidala ghUmanA cAhie aura zAnti se dhyAnAdhyayanameM apanA samaya bitAnA cAhie / 351 yaha kahanA to kaThina hai ki kisI samaya sabake saba sAdhu AgamopadiSTa AcAroMkA pUrNa rUpase pAlana karate hoMge; phira bhI zurU zurU meM donoM hI zAkhAoMke sAdhuoMmeM Agamokta AcAroMke pAlanakA adhika se adhika Agraha thA / parantu jyoM jyoM samaya bItatA gayA, sAdhu-saMkhyA bar3hatI gaI aura bhinna bhinna AcAra-vicArakhAle vibhinna dezoM meM phailatI gaI, dhaniyoM aura rAjAoM dvArA pUjA pratiSThA pAtI gaI tyoM tyoM usameM zithilA AtI gaI aura donoM hI sampradAyoM meM zithilAcArI sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI gaI / pahale hamArA khayAla thA ki bahuta pichale samaya meM zithilAcAriyoMkA udaya huA hogA parantu aba adhika vicAra karanese aisA mAlUma hotA hai bahuta prAcIna kAlameM hI inakI jar3a jama gaI thI / jainAgama - sAhitya ke viziSTa abhyAsI paM0 becaradAsajIne likhA hai ki " dIrgha tapasvI bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake uttarAdhikArI jambUsvAmI taka hI jaina muniyoMkA yathopadiSTa AcAra rahA, usake bAda hI jAna par3atA hai ki buddha devake atizaya lokapriya madhyama mArgakA unapara prabhAva par3ane lagA / zurU zurU meM to zAyada jainadharmake prasArakI bhAvanA se hI ve bauddha sAdhuoM jaisI AcArakI chUTa lete hoMge; parantu pIche usakA unheM abhyAsa ho gayA / isa taraha eka sadabhiprAyase bhI ukta zithilatA bar3hatI gaI jo Age calakara caityavAsameM pariNata ho gaI / "" zvetAmbara caityavAsI aba pahale zvetAmbara caityavAsake itihAsako dekhie / zvetAmbara sAhitya meM isakI kAphI sAmagrI milatI hai / , AcArya dharmasAgara apanI paTTAvalI meM likhate haiM ki vIrasaMvat 882 meM caityavAsa zurU huA - ' vIrAt 882 caityasthitiH | parantu muni kalyANavijayajI Adi vidvAnoMkA khayAla hai ki isase bhI pahale isakI jar3a jama gaI thI aura

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352 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 882 vI0 ni0 taka to usakI sArvatrika pravRtti ho gaI thii| ___ suprasiddha AcArya haribhadra vikramakI AThavIM navIM zatAbdike vidvAn haiM / unake ' saMbodha prakaraNa ' nAmaka granthake ' gurvadhikAra' ke par3hanese mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya caityavAsa khUba phaila rahA thA aura usake zithilAcArane unheM kSubdha kara diyA thaa| ve likhate haiM "ye kusAdhu caityoM aura maThoMmeM rahate haiM, pUjA karanekA Arambha karate haiM, deva-dravyakA upabhoga karate haiM, jinamandira aura zAlAyeM cinavAte haiM, raGga-viraGge sugandhita dhUpavAsita vastra pahinate haiM, vinA nAthake bailoMke sadRza striyoMke Age gAte haiM, AryikAdvArA lAye gaye padArtha khAte haiM aura taraha tarahake upakaraNa rakhate haiM / jala, phala, phUla Adi sacitta dravyoMkA upabhoga karate haiM, do tIna bAra bhojana karate aura tAmbUla lavaMgAdi bhI khAte haiM / "ye muhUrta nikAlate haiM, nimitta batalAte haiM, bhabhUta bhI dete haiM / jyonAroMmeM miSTa AhAra prApta karate haiM, AhArake lie khuzAmada karate aura pUchanepara bhI satya dharma nahIM btlaate| " svayaM bhraSTa hote hue bhI dUsaroMse AlocanA-pratikramaNa karAte haiN| snAna karate, tela lagAte, zRMgAra karate aura itra phulelakA upayoga karate haiM / " apane hInAcArI mRtaka guruoMkI dAha-bhUmipara stUpa banavAte haiN| striyoMke samakSa vyAkhyAna dete haiM aura striyA~ unake guNoMke gIta gAtI haiM / " sArI rAta sote, kraya-vikraya karate aura pravacanake bahAne vikathAyeM kiyA karate haiN|" ___"celA banAne ke lie choTe choTe baccoMko kharIdate, bhole logoMko Thagate, aura jina pratimAoMko bhI becate kharIdate haiN| __" uccATaNa karate aura vaidyaka, yaMtra, maMtra, gaMDA, tAvIja AdimeM kuzala hote haiN| "ye suvihita sAdhuoMke pAsa jAte hue zrAvakoMko rokate haiM, zApa denekA bhaya dikhAte haiM, paraspara virodha rakhate haiM aura celoMke lie eka dUsarese lar3a marate haiN|" 1 yaha grantha ahamadAbAdakI jaina-grantha-prakAzaka-sabhAdvArA vi0 saM0 1972 meM prakAzita huA hai|

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya 353 jo loga ina bhraSTa-caritroMko bhI muni mAnate the, unako lakSya karake zrIharibhadrasUri kahate haiM, "kucha nAsamajha loga kahate haiM ki yaha bhI tIrthaMkaroMkA veSa hai, ise namaskAra karanA cAhie / aho dhikkAra ho inheM / maiM apane sirake zUlakI pukAra kisake Age jAkara karU~ ?" yaha gurvadhikAra bahuta vistRta hai / pAThakoMse nivedana hai ki ve yahA~ itanese hI santoSa kareM aura yadi subhItA ho to use pUrA par3ha DAleM / jinavallabhasUrikRta saMghapaTTakakI bhUmikA zvetAmbara caityavAsakA itihAsa isa prakAra diyA hai " vI0 ni0 850 ke lagabhaga kucha muniyoMne ugra vihAra chor3akara mandiroM meM rahanekA prAraMbha kara diyA / dhIre dhIre inakI saMkhyA bar3hatI gaI aura samayAntarameM ye bahuta prabala ho gye| inhoMne 'nigama' nAmake kucha grantha race aura unheM 'dRSTivAda' nAmaka bArahaveM aMgakA eka aMza btlaayaa| unameM yaha pratipAdana kiyA gayA ki vartamAna kAlake muniyoMko caityoM meM rahanA ucita hai aura unheM pustakAdike lie yathAyogya Avazyaka dravya bhI saMgraha karake rakhanA cAhie / sAtha hI ye vanavAsiyoM kI nindA karane lage aura apanA bala bar3hAne lge| __" vi0 saM0 802 meM aNahilapura paTTaNake rAjA vanarAja cAvar3Ase unake guru zIlaguNasUrine-jo caityavAsI the-yaha AjJA jArI karA dI ki isa nagarameM caityavAsI sAdhuoMko chor3akara dUsare vanavAsI sAdhu na A skeNge| "isa anucita AjJAko rada karAneke lie vi0 saM0 1054 meM arthAta 282 varSake bAda jinezvara sUri aura buddhisAgara sUri nAmake do vidhimArgI AcAryoMne rAjA durlabhadevakI sabhAmeM caityavAsiyoMke sAtha zAstrArtha karake unheM parAjita kiyA aura taba kahIM pATaNameM vidhimArgiyoMkA praveza ho skaa| "mAravAr3ameM bhI caityavAsiyoMkA bahuta prAbalya thaa| usake viruddha sabase adhika prayatna pUrvokta jinezvara sUrike ziSya jinavallabhane kiyaa| apane saMghapaTTakameM unhoMne caityavAsiyoMke zithilAcArakA aura sUtra-viruddha pravRttikA acchA khAkA khIMcA hai|" 1-bAlA vayaMti evaM veso titthaMkarANa eso vi / NamaNijo dhiddhI aho sirasUlaM kassa pukkarimo // 76 //

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa " citaur3a ke zrAvakoMne mahAvIra bhagavAnakA eka mandira banAkara usake garbhagRhake dvArake eka staMbhapara ukta saMghapaTTakake cAlIsoM padya khudavA diye haiM jo Aja taka unakI kIrtiko prakaTa kara rahe haiN| jinavallabha sUrikA yaha prayatna bahuta hI acchA thA, parantu caityavAsiyoM ko asahya huA / kahA jAtA hai ki ve pA~ca sau laThaitoM ke sAtha ukta mandirapara car3ha Aye; parantu tatkAlIna mahArANAne unheM isa apakRtyase roka diyA / 354 " jinavallabha ke bAda jinadatta aura jinapati sUrine bhI apanA suvihita mArgakA pracAra kArya jArI rakhA / jinapati sUrine saMghapaTTakapara eka tIna hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA likhakara usakA khUba pracAra kiyA aura unake gRhastha ziSya nemicandra bhaMDArIne peTazetaka nAmaka prAkRta grantha racakara caityavAsiyoMke zithilAcArakA khaMDana kiyA / isI taraha gujarAta meM bhI municandra, munisundara Adi AcAryoMne apanI racanAoM aura upadezoMse caityavAsiyoM ko hataprabha kara diyA | "" saGkSepameM yahI zvetAmbara sampradAyake caityavAsiyoM kA itihAsa hai / digambara caityavAsI digambara sampradAya ke sAhitya meM aisA koI spaSTa ullekha to nahIM milatA jisameM caityavAsa ke prAraMbhakI koI tithi batalAI gaI ho aura na caityavAsa nAmake kisI pRthak saMgaThana yA sampradAyakA hI koI ullekha milatA hai / phira bhI yaha nizcita hai ki digambara sampradAya meM bhI vaha thA aura bahuta purAne samaya se thA / isameM bhI dhIre dhIre zithilAcAra bar3hatA rahA hai aura paristhitiyA~ tathA manuSya kI svAbhAvika durbalatAyeM use barAbara sIMcatI rahI hai, jisakA paripAka hamAre bhaTTArakoMkI caryA aura unake rahana-sahana meM spaSTa dikhalAI detA hai / digambara-caryA itanI ugra aura kaThora hai ki hamAre khayAla meM nana sAdhuoMkI saMkhyA zvetAmbara sAdhuoMke mukAbilemeM hamezA kama rahI hai aura pichale kaI sau varSoMse to ve kvacit hI dikhalAI dete rahe haiN| zAyada isI kAraNa unakA 1 sva0 pa0 bhAgacandrajIne isI granthako digambara sampradAya meM 'upadezasiddhAntaratnamAlA' nAmase bhASAvacanikA likhakara pracAra kiyA hai| mUla granthameM jo bAteM caityavAsiyoMke lie likhI haiM ve prAya: sabakI saba digambara bhaTTArakoMpara bhI ghaTita hotI haiM 1

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya 355 zvetAmbara caityavAsiyoMke samAna koI svataMtra saMgaThana nahIM ho sakA aura na eka pRthak dalake rUpameM prAcIna sAhityameM kahI spaSTa ullekha hI huaa| phira bhI unake astitvase iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vikramakI satrahavIM sadImeM paM0 banArasIdAsajIna jisa zuddhAmnAyakA pracAra kiyA aura jo Age calakara teraha panthake nAmase vikhyAta huA tathA jisake viSayameM Age calakara adhika prakAza DAlA jAyagA, vaha ina bhaTTArakoM yA caityavAsiyoMke hI virodha thA aura usane digambara sampradAyameM vahI kAma kiyA jo zvetAmbara sampradAyameM vidhi-mArgane kiyA thA / teraha panthane bhI caityavAsI bhaTTArakoMkI pratiSThAko jar3ase ukhAr3akara pheMka diyaa| hamArA anumAna hai ki isa tarahake prayatna banArasIdAsajIse pahale bhI kaI bAra hue hoMge, jinake koI spaSTa ullekha to nahIM milate parantu jo prayatna karanese khoje jA sakate haiN| jainAbhAsa kauna the? zrI devasenIrane darzanasAra ( vi saM0 990) meM pA~ca jainAbhAsoMkI utpattikA kucha itihAsa diyA hai| unameMse pahaleke do---zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM ko to hameM chor3a denA caahie| kyoMki AcArake atirikta unake sAtha digambaroMkA siddhAnta bheda bhI vizeSa thA / parantu zepa tIna drAvir3a, kASThA aura mAthura saMghake sAtha koI bahuta mahattvakA siddhAnta-bheda nahIM mAlUma hotA / ina tInoM jainAbhAsoMkA bahuta sA sAhitya upalabdha hai aura digambara sampradAyameM usakA paThana-pAThana bhI binA kisI bheda-bhAvaka hotA hai / parantu usameM aisI koI bAta nahIM pAI jAtI jisase unheM jainAbhAsa kahA jAya / morake paMkhoMkI picchike badale gAyake bAloMkI picchi rakhanA, yA picchi bilkula hI na rakhanA; khar3e hone ke badale baiThakara bhojana karanA, athavA sUkhe canoMko prAsuka mAnanA, yA rAtri bhojana-virati nAmakA chaThA aNuvrata 1 zivakATi AcAryake nAmase prasiddha kI gaI / ratnamAlA meM likhA hai ki kalau kAle vane vAso vaya'te munisattamaiH / sthIyate ca jinAgAre grAmAdiSu vizeSataH // 22 // ye ratnamAlAke kartA itane kaTTara caityavAsI the ki jainamandiroM meM rahanA vihita batalAnemeM hI inheM santoSa na huA, vanavAsako vajita taka batalA diyA !

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356 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa bhI mAnanA, ye saba bAteM itanI saMgIna nahIM haiM ki inake kAraNa ye saba jainAbhAsa ThaharA diye jAya, aura inake pravartakoMko pApI mithyAtI batalAyA jAya / isa lie Azcarya nahIM jo ye tInoM caityavAsI hI ho aura isI kAraNa devasena sUrine-jo caityavAsI nahIM the-inheM zithilAcArI samajhakara jainAbhAsa batalA diyA hai / drAviDa saMghake utpAdaka vajranandike viSayameM unhoMne likhA hai ki " usane kachAra, kheta, vasati ( jainamandira ) aura vANijyase jIvikA nirvAha karate hue aura zItala jalase snAna karate hue pracura pApakA saMgraha kiyA~ / " __ isase bilkula spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki drAvir3a saMghake sAdhu vasati yA jainamandiroMmeM rahate the aura una mandiroMke lie dAna milI huI jamInameM khetI bArI Adi karate the / isake kucha aitihAsika pramANa bhI mile haiM 1--nyAyavinizcaya-vivaraNa, pArzvanAthacarita Adi prasiddha granthoMke kartA vAdirAjasUri isI saMghake AcArya the| unake guru matisAgarakI AjJAke anusAra jo dAna-patra likhA gayA thA, usase mAlUma hotA hai ki isa saMghake muni bhUmi AdikA prabandha karate the| pArzvanAthacIratameM syAdvAdavidyApati vAdirAjane apane dAdA guru zrIpAladevako 'siMhapuraikamukhya' likhA hai aura nyAyavinizcaya-vivaraNameM svayaM apaneko 'siMhapurezvara' arthAt siMhapurakA svAmI likhA hai / abhiprAya yaha ki siMhapura unheM jAgIrameM milA huA thA, isalie yaha svAbhAvika hai ki ve usakA saba prabandha bhI karate the| 1-kacchaM khettaM vasahiM vANijaM kAriUNa jiivNto| ___Nhato sIyalaNAre pAvaM pauraM sa saMcedi / / 27 / / 2 dekhA jainasiddhAMtabhAskara bhAga 1, kiraNa 2-3 pR0 5, zilAlekha naM0 6 / yaha zilAlekha satyavAkya paramAnadIke rAjyake cauthe varSameM matisAgara paNDita bhaTTArakakI AjJAse likhA gayA thA / 3 mUriH svayaM siMhapuraikamukhyaH zrIpAladevo nayavartIzAlI / 3 zrImasiMhamahIpateH pariSadi prakhyAtavAdonnatistarkanyAyatamopahodayagiriH sArasvataH zrInidhiH / ziSyaH zrImatisAgarasya viduSAM patyustapazrIbhRtAM bhartuH siMhapurezvaro vijayate syAdvAdavidyApatiH /

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya 357 2-callagrAmake vayiredeva mandirameM za0 saM0 1047 kA eka zilAlekha hai jisameM inhIM drAviDasaMghIya vAdirAjasUrike vaMzaja traividya zrIpAla yogIzvarako hoysalavaMzake viSNuvarddhana porasaladevane vasatiyoM yA jainamandiroMke jIrNoddhAra aura RSiyoMke AhAra-dAnake lie zalya nAmaka grAma dAna diyA thA / arthAt unhoMne jainamandiroMkA jIrNoddhAra bhI karAyA hogA aura AhAra-dAnakA prabandha bhI kiyA hogaa| 3-lATa-vAgar3a saMgha kASThA saMghakI hI eka zAkhA hai, jo devasenamUrike matase jainAbhAsa thA / dubakuNDa ( gvAliyara)ke jainamandirameM vi0 saM0 1145 kA eka zilAlekha milA haiM / isa saMghake vijayakIrti munike upadezase dAhar3a Adi dhaniyoMne ukta mandira banavAyA aura kacchapaghAta yA kachavAhe vaMzake rAjA vikramasiMhane usake niSpAdana, pUjana, saMskAra aura kAlAntarameM TUTe phUTekI marammatake lie kucha jamIna, vApikAke sahita eka bagIcA aura munijanoMke zarIrAbhyaMjana (taila-mardana ) ke lie do karaghaTikAyeM (?) diiN| ye bAteM bhI spaSTa rUpase caityavAsiyoMke zithilAcArako prakaTa karatI haiN| __ khoja karanese kASThAsaMghI aura mAthurasaMghI muniyoM ko bhI diye hue isI tarahake dAna-patra mila skeNge| kundakundAnvaya aura mUlasaMgha pUrvokta jainAbhAsoMko chor3akara zeSa digambara sampradAyako mUlasaMgha kahA jAtA hai| parantu hamArA khayAla hai ki yaha nAmakaraNa bahuta purAnA nahIM hai / apanese atirikta dUsaroMko amUla-jinakA koI mUla AdhAra nahIM-batalAne ke lie hI yaha nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hogA aura yaha to vaha svayaM hI udghoSita kara rahA hai ki usa samaya usake pratipakSI dUsare daloMkA astitva thaa| hameM mUlasaMghakA sabase pahalA ullekha Altama (kolhApura) meM mile hue za0 saM0 411 ( vi0 saM0 546 ) ke dAnapatrameM milatA hai jisameM mUlasaMgha 1 dekho jainazilAlekhasaMgrahakA 493 naM0 kA zilAlekha / 2 epigrAphiA iMDikA jilda 2, pR0 237-40 / 3 zatapadIkArane bhI isa bAtapara AkSepa kiyA hai ki digambara sAdhu taila-mardana karAte the| dekho Age zatapadIke uddharaNa /

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358 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kAkopala AnAyake siddhanandi muniko alaktaka nagarake jainamandirake lie kucha gA~va dAna kiye gaye haiM / siddhanandike ziSyakA nAma cikAcArya thA jinake ki nAgadeva, jinanandi Adi 500 ziSya the / dAna denevAle pulakezI prathama ( cAlukya ) ke sAmanta sAmiyAra the' / / kauNDakundAnvaya mUlasaMghase purAnA jAna par3atA hai / kyoMki za0 saM0 388 (vi0 saM0 '533 ) ke markarA ( kurga) ke dAnapatrameM candranandiko kauNDakundAnvayI likhA gayA hai aura usameM mUla saMghakA ullekha nahIM hai| __ parantu yadi yaha bAta mAna lI jAya ki drAviDa saghAdiko caityavAsI honeke kAraNa jainAbhAsa batalAyA gayA hogA to prazna hotA hai ki devasenasUrikA darzanasAra vi0 saM0 990 kI racanA hai, isa lie jisa zithilAcArake kAraNa unhoMne drAviDasaMdha kASThAsaMgha Adiko jainAbhAsa batalAyA hai, vahI zithilAcAra mUlasaMghI aura kundakundAnvayI muniyoMmeM bhI to praviSTa ho gayA thA / kyoMki vikramakI chaThI sadI takake aise aneka lekha mile haiM jinase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve bhI mandiroMkI marammata Adike nimitta gA~va-jamIna AdikA dAna lene lage the / taba unheM jainAbhAsa kyoM nahIM batalAyA ? isakA samAdhAna isa taraha ho sakatA hai ki devasenasUrine darzanasArameM jo gAthAyeM dI haiM ve svayaM unakI nahIM, pUrvAcAryoMkI banAI huI thIM aura cU~ki pUrvAcArya svayaM vanavAsI the, isalie unakI dRSTi meM drAviDa saMghAdike sAdhu jainAbhAsa hone hI cAhie / parantu jisa zithilAcArake kAraNa pUrvAcAryoMne unheM jainAbhAsa kahA thA, vaha devasenakI dRSTike samakSa spaSTa nahIM thA / kyoMki samaya bahuta bIta cukA thA, aura svayaM unake saghameM bhI usakA praveza ho cukA thA, isalie vaha unheM utanA adhika khaTakatA bhI na hogaa| parantu cU~ki ukta saba saMgha pratipakSiyoMke rUpameM unase alaga maujUda the aura unake saMghase bAhya the isalie unake lie jainAbhAsa zabdakA prayoga karanemeM unheM koI saMkoca nahIM huA aura apane kundakundAnvayakA zithilAcAra AmnAya-mohake kAraNa jainAbhAsarUpameM pratIta na huaa| 1 dekho, iMDiyana eNTikverI jilda 7, pR0 209-17 / 2 dekho epIgrAphikA karnATikAkI pahalI jildakA pahalA lekha / 3-puvvAyariyakayAI gAhAI saMciUNa eyattha / nie m a ... ..... -: - // ..... ........

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya 359 purAne aura naye caityavAsI garaja yaha ki drAviDa saMghake sthApaka vajranandi Adi to purAne caityavAsI haiM jinheM pahale hI jainAbhAsa mAna liyA gayA thA aura kundakundAnvayI tathA mUlasaMdhI unake bAdake naye caityavAsI haiM jinheM devasenana to nahIM parantu unake bahuta pIcheke terahapaMthake pravartakoMne jainAbhAsa batalAyA / zvetAmbara sampradAyameM jisa arthameM suvihita yA vidhi-mArgakA prayoga hotA hai lagabhaga usI arthameM pahale digambara sampradAyameM kundakundAnvaya yA mUlasaMghakA upayoga kiyA jAtA thA, aura kundakundAnvaya zAyada mUla saMghase bhI pahale pracalita thaa| kintu Age calakara ye donoM hI saMjJAyeM rUDha ho gaI, apane mUla artha --Agamokta caryA--ko batalAnevAlI na rahIM aura isa lie jaba mUlasaMghI aura kundakundAnvayI muni bhI zithila hokara caityavAsI maThapati bana gaye taba bhI ye unake pIche lagI rhiiN| yahA~ taka ki rAjAoM jaise ThAThavATase rahanevAle bhaTTAraka bhI inheM eka padavIke rUpameM dhAraNa kiye rahe / jo jainAbhAsa nahIM the, ve bhI caityavAsI hue isa taraha jinhoMne pahale drAviDa saMghAdiko jainAbhAsa kahA thA, ve mUlasaMdhI kundakundAnvayI bhI Age calakara jainAbhAsa bana gaye / isake eka nahIM, bIsoM pramANa milate haiM jinameMse thor3ese ye haiM 1 markarAke dAna-patrakA jikra Upara kiyA jA cukA hai / usameM za0 saM0 388 ( vi0 523 ) meM mahArAjA avinItadvArA kundakundAnvayake candranandi bhaTTArakako jainamandirake lie eka gA~va dAna kiye jAnekA ullekha hai| 2 mahArAjAdhirAja vijayAdityane pUjyapAdake ziSya udayadevako 'zaMkha-jinendra' mandirake lie za0 saM0 622 meM kardama nAmakA gA~va dAna kiyA / 3 rASTrakUTa mahArAjAdhirAja kRSNa tRtIyake mahAsAmanta arikesarIne za0 sa0 888 meM apane pitA baddigake banavAye zubhadhAma jinAlayakI marammata aura cUnekI kalaI karAne tathA pUjopahAra car3hAne ke lie zrIsomadevasUri ( yazastilakake kartA) ko banikaTupulu nAmakA gA~va dAnameM diyA / yaha tAmrapatra parabhaNI (nijAmasTeTa ) 1dekho ma0 ma0 ojhAkRta solaMkiyoMkA itihAsa /

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360 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa meM zrI zaM0 nA0 jozIko hAla hI prApta huA hai| __isake bAdake to saikar3oM zilAlekha haiM jinameM mUlasaMdhI yA kundakundAnvayake muniyoMko gA~va aura bhUmiyA~ dAna kI gaI haiM / zravaNabelgolakA jaina-zilAlekha-saMgraha to aise dAnoMse bharA huA hai / naM0 8. ke za0 saM0 1080 ke zilAlekhameM likhA hai ki mahApradhAna hullamayyane hoTasala-narezase savaNeru gA~va inAmameM pAkara gommaTa svAmIkI aSTavidhapUjA aura RSimuniyoMke AhArake hetu arpaNa kara diyA / naM. 90 ke za0saM0 1100ke lekhameM bhI pUjana aura muniyoMke AhArake lie nayakIrti siddhAntacakravartIko dAna denekA ullekha hai| 40 naM. ke lekhase mAlUma hotA hai ki hullapa maMtrIne apane guru una devendrakIrti paMDitadevakI niSidyA banavAI jinhoMne rUpanArAyaNa mandirakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA aura eka dAna-zAlA bhI nirmANa karAI thii| ina saba lekhoMse spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki hamAre ina bar3e bar3e muniyoM ke adhikArameM bhI gA~va bAgIce Adi the / ve mandiroMkA jIrNoddhAra karAte the, dUsare muniyoMko AhAra dete the aura dAnazAlAyeM bhI banAte the / garaja yaha ki unakA rUpa pUrI tarahase maThapatiyoM jaisA ho gayA thA aura isakA prArambha saMbhavataH vikramakI chaThI 2 dekho bhArata-itihAsa saMzodhaka maMDala pUnAkA traimAsika ( bhAga 13 aMka 3 ) aura isa lekha-saMgrahake pRSTha 90-92 / donoM jagaha ukta dAnapatrakI pUrI nakala dI gaI hai| 2 iMdranandikRta nItisArase bhI jo kevala muniyoM ke lie banAyA gayA hai ( anagArAnpravakSyAmi nItisArasamuccayam ), ina bAtoMkI puSTi hotI hai ki muni loga mandiroMkA jIrNAddhAra karAte the, AhAra-dAna dete the aura thor3A bahuta dhana bhI rakhate the| tasmai dAnaM pradAtavyaM yaH sanmArge pravartate / pAkhaMDibhyo dadaddAnaM dAtA mithyAtvavarddhakaH // 48 // madhyAhne duHkhitAn dInAn bhojanAdibhirAdarAt anugRhNanyatiH saMghapUjanIyo bhavetsadA // 41 // jIrNajinagRhaM bimbaM pustakaM ca sudarzanam / uddhArya sthApanaM pUrvapuNyato'dhikamucyate // 49 / / kvacitkAlAnusAreNa sUrivyamupAharet / saMghapustakavRddhayarthamayAcitamathAlpakam // 50

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya 361 zatAbdike lagabhaga ho gayA thaa| yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki maThavAsiyoMke samayameM zuddhAcArI aura tapasvI digambara muniyoMkA sarvathA abhAva hI ho gayA hogA, athavA sArA janasamudAya unhIMkA anuyAyI bana gayA hogA / zuddha zAstrokta AcArake pAlanevAle aura unakI upAsanA karanevAle bhI rahe hoMge, phira bhI ve virala hI hoMge / jaisA ki paM0 AzAdharajIne kahA hai -- 'aphasosa hai, sacce upadezaka muni juganUke samAna kahIM kahIM hI dikhalAI dete haiM'' khadyotavat sudeSTAro hA dyotante kvacit kvacit / ' digambara caityavAsI nagna rahate the aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki caityabAsI yA maThapati ho jAne para bhI prAcIna kAlake digambara sampradAyake sAdhu nagna hI rahate the aura zvetAmbara savastra sAdhuoMse apanA pRthaktva prakaTa karane ke lie zAyada yaha Avazyaka bhI thaa| paNDitapravara AzAdharane apane anagAra dharmAmRtake dUsare adhyAyameM ina caityavAsI parantu nama-sAdhuoMkI spaSTa carcA kI hai aura kahA hai ki samyaktvake ArAdhakako 1- mudrAM sAMvyavahArikI trijagatIvandyAmapodyAhatIM, vAmAM kecidahaMyavo vyavaharantyanye bahistAM zritAH / lokaM bhUtavadAvizantyavazinastacchAyayA cApare, mlecchantIha takaistridhA paricayaM pudevamobastyaja / / 96 / / TIkA / ihakSetre samprati kAle kecittApasAdayo vyavaharanti pravRttinivRttiviSayAM kurvanti / kAm , mudrAM vratacihnam / kiM viziSTAm , vAmAM viparItAM jaTAdhAraNabhasmoddhalanAdirUpAm / ki viziSTAH santaH, ahaMyavo'haMkAriNaH / ki kRtvA, apAdya apavAdaviSayAM kRtvA niSiddhayetyarthaH / kAm , mudrAn / kiviziSTAm , AhatI jainImAcelakyAdiliGgalakSaNAm / punaH kiviziSTAm , trijagatIvandyAM jagatrayanamasyAm / punarapi ki viziSTAn , sAMvyavahArikI samIcInapravattinivRttiprayojanAm / pakSe, TaMkAdinANakAkRti samIcInAmapodya mithyArUpAM kSudrAM vyavaharantIti vyAkhyeyaM / anye punadravyajinaliGgadhAriNI munimAnino'vazino'jitendriyaH santastAM tathAbhUtAmArhatI mudrAM bahi:zarIre na manasi zritAH prapannA Avizanti saMkrAmaMti viceSTayantItyarthaH / kan , lokaM dharmakAmaM janam / kiMvat , bhUtavad grahastulyam / apare punardravyajinaliMgadhAriNo maThapatayo mlecchanti mlecchA ivAcaranti / lokazAstraviruddhamAcAra carantItyarthaH / kayA, tacchAyayA AhetagatapratirUpeNa / tathA ca paThanti--

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362 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa tIna prakArake mithyAtiyoMke sAtha mana, bacana, kAyase paricaya na rakhanekA upadeza diyA hai / pahale prakArake mithyAtI jainadharmase viparIta mudrAke dhAraNa karanevAle tApasa Adi haiM, dUsare prakArake mithyAtI ve dravyAjinaliGgadhArI haiM, jo apaneko muni kahate haiM aura bAharase AhatI mudrA arthAt digambara mudrAko bhI dhAraNa karate haiM, parantu antaraMgameM avazI haiM-indriyoM ko nahIM jItate haiM, aura tIsare prakArake mithyAtI maThoMka svAmI dravyajinaliMgadhArI arthAt maThAdhIza digambara muni haiM / inake viSayameM kahA hai ki ye mlecchoMke samAna loka aura zAstrase viruddha AcaraNa karanevAle haiN| ' tacchAyayA AhetagatapratirUpeNa ' pada dekara ve isa bAtako bhI spaSTa kara dete haiM ki ve vastradhArI nahIM kintu arhanta bhagavAnake samAna digambara mudrA dhAraNa karanevAle hI the| paM0 AzAdharase bhI pahaleke ( vi0 saM0 1090 ) zrIsomadevasUrine apane yazastilakacampUmeM kahA hai ki kalikAlameM jaba ki citta caMcala ho gaye haiM aura zarIra annakA kIr3A bana gayA hai yahI Azcarya hai ki aba taka bhI kucha loga jinarUpa dhAraNa karanevAla maujUda haiN| aura jaise jinendroM ke lepAdise banAe hue rUpa (mUrti) pUjya haiM usI taraha pUrvakAlake muniyoMkI chAyA jaise Ajakalake muni paNDitaibhraSTacAritrairvaTaraizca tapodhanaiH / zAsanaM jinacandrasya nirbhalaM malinIkRtam / / bhoH samyaktvArAdhaka tyaja muzca tvam / kam , tridhA paricayaM manasAnumodanaM vAcA kIrtana kAyena saMsarga ca ! kaiH saha, takaiH kutsitaistai stritayaiH / ki viziSTaiH, puMdehamIhai: puruSAkAramithyAtvaiH / taduktam ---- kApathe pathi duHkhAnAM kApathasthepyasammatiH / asampRktiranutkIrtiramUDhAdRSTirucyate / / bAhya': ( manusmRti a0 4 zloka 30 ) apyAhu: pAkhaNDino vikarmasthAn vaiDAlavratikAn zaThAn / haitukAn vakavRttIMzca vAGmAtreNApi nArcayet / / 1- kAle kalau cale citte dehe cAnnAdikITake / etaccitraM yadadyApi jinarUpadharA narAH /

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya 363 bhI pUjya haiM / isasa do bAteM dhvanita hotI haiM-eka to yaha ki usa samaya munijana jinarUpa dhAraNa karate the arthAt nagna rahate the, yadyapi unakA caritra zithila thA, ve pUrvamuniyoMkI chAyA-bhara the aura dUsare yaha ki unakI viralatA thii| vastra dhAraNa karanekI ora pravRtti digambara caityavAsiyoMke antima vikasitarUpa bhaTTArakoMmeM yaha paramparA aba taka rahI hai ki ve aura samaya to vastra pahine rahata haiM parantu AhArake samaya utArakara alaga rakha dete haiM / yaha isa bAtakA subUta hai ki pahale ve bilkula nagna rahate the. aura nirantara vastra dhAraNa kiye rahanekI pravRtti unameM pIche zurU huI hai| vikramakI solahavIM sadIke bhaTTAraka zrutasAgarasUrine likhA hai ki kalikAlameM mlecchAdi ( musalamAna vagairaha ) yatiyoMko nama dekhakara upadrava karate haiM, isa kAraNa maNDapadurga (mAMDU ) meM zrIvasantakIrti svAmIne upadeza diyA ki muniyoMko caryA Adike samaya caTAI, TATa Adise zarIrako Dhaka lenA cAhie aura phira caryA ke bAda usa caTAI Adiko chor3a denA cAhie / yaha apavAda veSa hai / mUla saMghakI gurvAvalImeM cittaurakI gaddIke bhaTTArakoMke jo nAma diye haiM unameM vasantakIrtikA nAma AtA hai jo vi0 saMvat 1264 ke lagabhaga hue haiM / usa samaya usa tarapha musalamAnoMkA AMtaka bhI bar3ha rahA thA / zAyada inhIMko zrutasAgarane isa apavAda veSakA pravartaka batalAyA hai / arthAt vikramakI terahavIM sadoke antameM digambara sAdhu bAhara nikalate samaya lajjA-nivAraNake lie caTAI AdikA upayoga karane lage the| 1-yathA pUjyaM jinendrANAM rUpaM lepAdinirmitam / tathA pUrvamunicchAyA pujyAH sampratisaMyatAH // 2 ko'pavAdaveSa: ? kalau kila mlecchAdayo nagnaM dRSTvA upadravaM yatInAM kurvanti / tena maNDapadurge zrIvasantakItinA svAminA caryAdivelAyAM taTTIsAdarAdikena zarIramAcchAdya caryAdikaM kRtvA punastanmuMcati ityupadezaH kRtaH saMyaminAM, ityapavAda veSaH / -paTaprAbhRta-TIkA pR0 21 3 dekhA jainahitaiSI bhAga 6, aMka 7-8 4 paramAtmaprakAzakI saMskRta TIkAmeM brahma devajI bhI zaktike abhAvameM sAdhuko tRNamaya AvaraNAdi rakhane parantu usapara mamatva na rakhanekA vidhAna karate haiM -" viziSTasaMhananAdiza ktyabhAve sati yadyapi tapa:paryAyasahakAribhUtamanna-pAna-saMyamazaucazAnIpakaraNataNamayaprAvaraNAdika kimapi gRhNAti tathApi mamatvaM na karoti |-gaathaa 216 kI TIkA pR0 232 /

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364 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vi0 saM0 1294 meM zvetAmbara AcArya mahendrasUrine 'zatapadI' nAmaka saMskRta graMthakI racanA kI hai jo prAkRta zatapadIkA anuvAda hai / prAkRta zatapadI saM0 1263 meM banI thI aura usake kartA dharmaghoSasUri the / usameM 'digambaramatavicAra' nAmakA eka adhyAya hai jisameM strImukti, pratimA-zRMgAra, muniyoMkA pANipAtrabhojana aura vastra grahaNa Adi viSayoMko lekara digambara sampradAyakI AlocanA kI gaI hai| __ usameM kahA hai ki yadi tuma digambara ho to phira sAdar3I yogapaTTa kyoM gRhaNa karate ho ? yadi kaho ki paMcamakAla honese aura lajAparISaha sahana na honese AvaraNa DAla lete haiM, to phira usa pahinate kyoM nahIM ? kyoMki aisA niSedha to kahIM hai nahIM ki prAvaraNa to rakhanA parantu pahinanA nhiiN| aura vaha prAvaraNa bhI jaise taise mile hue prAsuka vastrase kyoM nahIM banAte ho, dhobI Adike hAthase jIvAkula nadI tAlAvameM kyoM dhulavAte ho aura vinA sAdhe IdhanameM jalAI huI Agake jarie usako raMgAta bhI kyoM ho ?' bhI isase mAlUma hotA hai ki vasantakIrti ke samayameM sAdar3I yogapaTTa AdikA upayoga kiyA jAne lagA thaa| ghAsa yA tADa, khajUra Adike pattoMse banI huI caTAIko sAdar3I kahate haiM / yogapaTTa zAyada rezamI kapar3A rA~gAkara banAyA jAtA hogaa| __ Age ina digambara muniyoM ke lie vastra dhAraNa bhI jAyaja-sA karAra diyA gayA / pUrvokta zrutasAgarasUrine hI tattvArthasUtra TIkAmeM svIkAra kiyA hai ki dravyaliMgI muni zItakAlameM kambalAdi le lete haiM aura dUsare samayameM unheM tyAga dete haiM / ise unhoMne 1 yadi ca digvAsastatkathaM sAdarikApAriyogapaTTakAn gRhNanti ? yadi tu paJcamakAlatvAt lajApariSahAsahiSNutayA ca AvaraNamapi gRhNanti tataH kathaM na paridadhati ? nahi prAvaraNamatkalaM paridhAnaM ca niSiddhamityasti kvApi / anyacca prAvaraNamapi prAsukenaivavastreNa yathAlabdhena kimiti na kriyate ? kimiti rajakAdihastena hRdsaraprabhRtiSu sazaivAlena dvitricatuHpaMcendriyajIvAkulena kSAlanamanekasattvasaMghAtavighAtakenAzodhitendhana prajvAlitena bahninA raMjanAdikaM vidhApyate ? 2 liGga vibhedaM drvybhaavlinggbhedaat| tatra bhAvaliGginaH paJcaprakArA api nirgranthA bhavanti / dravyaliGgina: asamarthA maharSayaH zItakAlAdau kambalAdikaM gRhItvA na prakSAlayante na sIvyanti na prayatnAdikaM kurvanti aparakAle pariharaMtIti bhagavatyArAdhanAproktAbhiprAyeNa kuzIlApekSayA ---saMyamazrutapratisevanAdisUtrakI TIkA / vktvym|

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya bhagavatI ArAdhanAke abhiprAya ke anukUla mAnA hai / 365 'kuzIla' munikI apekSAse ThIka isake bAda to vastra dhAraNa meM bAhara jAne ke samaya kI aura zItAdikI bhI koI zarta nahIM rahI, unakA khUba chUTase upayoga hone lago, gadde takiye bhI A gaye aura pAlakI nAlakI, chatra-ca~vara Adi rAjasI ThATha bhI parama digambara muniyoMne svIkAra kara liye ! digambara caityavAsiyoMke anya AcaraNa zvetAmbarAcArya haribhadrane caityavAsiyoMke caritrakA jo khAkA apane 'saMbodha prakaraNa' meM khIMcA hai aura jise hama Upara de cuke haiM, lagabhaga vahI caritra, hama digambara sAdhuoM meM bhI pAte haiM, donoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM jAna par3atA / pUrvokta zatapadI ke kathanAnusAra usa samaya digambara sAdhu maThoM meM rahate the, apane liye pakAyA huA ( uddiSTa ) bhojana karate the, eka sthAnameM mahInoM rahate the, caTAI yogapaTTa AdikA yadA kadA upayoga karate the, yogapaTTako dhobIse ghulAte aura ra~gAte bhI the / zItakAla meM a~gIThIkA sahArA lete the, payAlake bichaunepara sote the, telakI mAliza karAte the, sardIka mAre jinamandirake gUr3ha maMDapa ( garbhAlaya ) meM rahate the, aura gRhasthoMke barate hue paTI-dvipaTI ( ghotI dupaTTA ), boraka (?) rallika (?) Adi or3hate the / ghAsakI la~goTI lagAte the, pItala, tA~be, loheke kamaNDalu rakhate the, kapar3e ke jUte pahinate the, khadira-baTI Adi taraha tarahakI oSadhiyA~ rakhate the, striyoMse caraNa prakSAlana karAte the, AryikAoMke sAtha eka hI nivAsa meM rahate the, unase bhojana banavAte the, sukhAsana pAlakIpara car3hate the, jyotiSa, 1 1 1 vi0 saM0 1478 meM vAsupUjyaRpine 'dAna - zAsana' nAmakA eka grantha banAyA hai usameM likhA hai ki zrAvakoM ko cAhie ki ve muniyoMko dUdha, dahI, chAcha, ghI, zAka, bhojana, Asana aura naI binA phaTI TUTI caTAI aura naye vastra deM dugdhazrIghanatakrAjyazAkabhakSyAsanAdikaM / navInamavyayaM dadyAtpAtrAya kaTamambaram // 2 vi0 saM0 1945 ke dubakuNDake dAna-patra meM munijanoMke zarIrAbhyaMjana ( taila-mardana ) ke. lie dAnakI vyavasthA kI gaI hai / isa dAna-patrakA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai I

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa nimitta, cikitsA, maMtravAda, dhAtuvAda, Adi vidyAoM kA upayoga karate the; sacitta phUla pattoM se pAdArcana, ghise hue candanase pAdAnulepa, kuMkumAdise caraNAMgarAga, sone cA~dIse caraNa- pUjA, sacitta jalase pAda prakSAlana, dUdha-ghI se caraNa snAna karAte the, sabhAoMmeM vyAkhyAna dete the, sadaiva eka hI sthAna meM rahate the, Adi / zAyada inhIM AcaraNoMko lakSya karake paMDita AzAdharane apane pUrvavartI kisI vidvAnakA kahA huA pUrvokta loka uddhRta kiyA hai jisameM kahA hai ki bhraSTacaritra paMDitoM aura baTara muniyoMne jinacandrakA nirmala zAsana malina kara diyA / 366 isa taraha hamane dekha liyA ki digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM caityavAsakI utpatti, usakA vikAsa aura hrAsa lagabhaga eka hI DhaMgase huA / manuSya svabhAvane, dezakI paristhitiyoMne aura kAlake prabhAvane bhI donoM sampradAyoM meM lagabhaga eka-sA hI kAma kiyA / terahapanthakA udaya hama Upara kaha Aye haiM ki vikramakI satrahavIM sadI meM paM0 banArasIdAsajIne digambara sampradAya ke caityavAsiyoMke virodha meM eka vidhi-mArga jaise svataMtra panthakI nIva DAlI, jo Age calakara teraha pantha kahalAyA / isIkA thor3A-sA paricaya dekara aba hama apane isa bahuvistRta lekhako samApta kareMge / terahapantha nAma jaba pracalita ho gayA, taba bhaTTArakoMkA purAnA mArga bIsapantha kahalAne lagA | parantu yaha eka samasyA hI hai ki ye nAma kaise par3e aura ina nAmoMkA mUla kyA hai / inakI vyutpatti batalAnevAle jo kaI pravAda pracalita haiM, jaise ' teraha prakArake cAritrako jo pAle vaha terahapaMthI' aura 'he bhagavAn yaha terA pantha hai,' Adi, unameM koI tathya nahIM mAlUma hotA aura na unase asaliyata para 1 1 AcArya maliSeNane bhairavapadmAvatI kalpa, jvAlAmAlinI kalpa, vidyAnuvAda Adi kaI maMtrazAstra viSayaka grantha likhe haiM | zravaNabelagolake za0 saM0 2037 ke lekha naM0 47 meM traikAlyayogI nAmaka jaina munike viSayameM likhA hai ki unake prabhAva se brahmarAkSasa ziSya ho gayA thA aura unake smaraNa mAtrase graha-bAdhA naSTa ho jAtI thI / karaMjakA tela unake prabhAva se ghI bana gayA thA ! 2 zatapadIke vistRta uddharaNa aura anuvAda jenahitaiSI bhAga 7, aMka 9 meM dekhie | sthAnAbhAva se yahA~ nahIM diye jA sake /

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya 367 kucha prakAza hI par3atA hai| __ bahuta saMbhava hai ki DhU~Dhako ( sthAnakavAsiyoM) meMse nikale hue teraha paMthiyoM ke jaisA nindita batalAne ke lie ve loga jo bhaTTArakoMko apanA gurU mAnate the tathA inase dveSa rakhate the isake anugAmiyoMko terApaMthI kahane lage hoM aura dhIre dhIre unakA diyA huA yaha kaccA 'TAiTala' pakkA ho gayA ho; sAtha hI ve svayaM inase bar3e bIsapaMthI kahalAne lage hoM / yaha anumAna isa lie bhI ThIka jAna par3atA hai ki idharake lagabhaga sau Der3ha sau varSake hI sAhityameM teraha panthake ullekha milate haiM, pahaleve nhiiN| abhI taka koI aisA pramANa nahIM milA hai jisase eka judA dala yA panthake rUpameM isa bhaTTArakavirodhI mArgakA astitva vikramakI satrahavIM sadIke pahale mAnA jAya / isa lie hamArA vizvAsa hai ki isa dalake mukhya pravartaka samayasAra nATaka Adi granthoM ke suprasiddha lekhaka aura kavi paM0 banArasIdAsajI hI the aura ise usa samaya 'bAnArasI mata' nAma diyA gayA thaa| zvetAmbarAcArya mahopAdhyAya meghavijayane vi0 saM0 1757 ke lagabhaga AgaremeM rahakara ' yuktiprabodha' nAmakA eka prAkRta grantha svopajJasaMskRtaTIkAsahita banAyA thaa| yaha grantha paM0 banArasIdAsajIke matakA khaNDana karane ke uddezyase hI racA gayA thA paNamiya vIrajiMNidaM dummayamayamayavimaddaNamayaMdaM / vucchaM suyaNahitatthaM vANArasiyassa mayabhayaM // 18 // isameM jagaha jagaha vANArasIya yA banArasIdAsakA mata kahakara ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isase bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki taba taka yaha terahapaMtha nahIM kahalAtA thaa| ___ darzanasArake DhaMgapara meghavijayajIne isakI utpattikA samaya bhI batalAyA hai 1 lokAzAhane vikrama saMvat 1530 ke lagabhaga DhUMDhaka sampradAyakI aura bhIkhamajIne saM0 1818 ke lagabhaga teraha panthakI sthApanA kii| __ 2 muni zrIvidyAvijayajIne apane eka lekhameM batalAyA hai ki bhIkhamajIke bAraha sAthI aura bhI the jinakA ukta panthakI sthApanAmeM hAtha thA, isalie vaha teraha AdamiyoMkA calAyA huA terahapaMtha ' khlaayaa| 3 zrI RSabhadeva-kesarImala zvetAmbara-saMsthA ratalAmadvArA prakAzita /

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368 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa sirAivakamanaranAhA gaehiM solahasaehiM vAsehiM / asiuttarehiM jAyaM bANArasiyassa mayameyaM / / 18 // arthAt vi0 saM0 1680 meM yaha banArasIdAsakA mata utpanna huA / aha tammi hu kAlagae ku~arapAleNa tammayaM dhariyaM / / jAo to bahumaNNo guruvva tersi sa savvesi // 19 // arthAt unake ( banArasIdAsake ) kAlagata hone para ku~arapAlane usa matako dhAraNa kiyA aura taba vaha una sabake guruke samAna bahumAnya ho gayA / banArasIvilAsameM ku~varapAlakI kucha racanAoMkA saMgraha hai / pAThaka jAnate haiM ki sUktamuktAvalIkA padyAnuvAda banArasIdAsa aura ku~varapAla donoMkA kiyA huA hai aura usameM ku~varapAla aura banArasI mitra batalAye gaye haiM kuMvarapAla bAnArasI, mitta jugala ikacitta / tinahiM graMtha bhASA kiyau, bahuvidha chaMda kavitta / / paM0 banArasIdAsajIkA dehAnta vi0 saM0 1698 ke bAda kisI samaya huA hogA / kyoM ki apanI Atma-kathA (ardhakathAnaka) unhoMne isI samvatmeM samApta kI hai| meghavijayajIke Agare pahu~caneke samaya jaba ki unhoMne yuktiprabodhakI racanA kI hai, banArasIdAsajI nahIM the / unake vicAroMkA pracAra karanevAle mitra ku~varapAla bhI usa samaya na the| meghavijayajIne kuMvarapAlake sivAya banArasIdAsajIke anya cAra sAthiyoMke nAma aura bhI batalAye haiM -- paM0 rUpacandra, caturbhuja, bhagavatIdAsa aura dharmadAsa / inakA ullekha banArasIdAsajIne apane nATaka samayasArameM bhI kiyA hai| bahuta 1-maMbAvajayajIne apanI 'candraprabhA' nAmaka vyAkaraNa-TIkAkI racanA vi0 saM0 1757 meM AgaremeM rahakara kI thii| hamArA anumAna hai ki 'yuktiprabodha' bhI unhoMne usI samaya AgaremeM banAyA hogA aura vahIM rahate samaya hI unheM ' bANArasI mata ' kA paricaya milA hogaa| yadi yaha ThIka hai to kahanA hogA ki ku~varapAla bhI usa samaya jIvita na the| ___ 2-itthaMtare ya purisA avarevi ya paMca tassa sammiliyA / (TIkA)--kAlAntare apare pi paMcapuruSA rUpacandrapaNDitaH, caturbhujaH, bhagavatIdAsaH kumArapAla: dharmadAsazceti nAmAno militAH / 3-rUpacandra paMDita prathama dutiya caturbhuja nAma / tRtiya bhagautIdAsa nara, kaurapAla gunadhAma / / 26 //

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vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya 369 saMbhava hai ki meghavijayajIne ye nAma ' nATaka samayasAra' par3hakara hI likhe hoN| bANArasI matakA svarUpa prakaTa karate hue meghavijayajI kahate haiM tamhA digaMbarANaM ee bhaTTAragA vi No pujA / tilatusametto jesiM pariggaho Neva te guruNo // 16 // jiNapaDimANaM bhUsaNamallAruhaNAi aMgapariyaraNaM / bANArasio vArai digaMbarassAgamANAe // 20 // arthAt digambaroke bhaTTAraka bhI pUjya nahIM hai / jinake tilatuSa-mAtra bhI parigraha hai, ve guru nahIM haiM / bANArasImatavAloMne jinapratimAoMko bhUSaNamAlAyeM pahinAnA, kesara lagAnA Adi bhI digambara AgoMkI AjJAse rokA / __ Ajakala jo sampradAya terahapanthake nAmase prasiddha hai, vaha bhaTTArakoMko yA parigraha. dhArI muniyoM ko apanA gurU nahIM mAnatA hai aura pratimAoMko puSpamAlAyeM pahinAne aura kesara carcita karane kA bhI niSedha karatA hai / ataeva meghavijayajIne jisa vANArasImatakI carcA kI hai, vaha terahapantha hI hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM raha jaataa| paM0 bakhatarAyajIne apane 'buddhivilAsa' nAmaka granthameM terahapanthakI utpatti vi0 saM0 1683 meM batalAI hai| yaha samaya bhI meghavijayajIke vArANasI mata' kI utpatti-samayase mila jAtA hai, ataeva kahanA hogA ki isa matake pravartaka paM0 banArasIdAsajI hI the| usa samayakI bhAratavarSakI rAjadhAnI AgarA nagarImeM isa panthakA udaya huA aura usake samIpake jayapura Adi nagaroMmeM isakA zIghratAse pracAra huaa| phira inhIM nagaroMke vidvAnoMkI grantha-racanAoMse jo adhikAMza dezabhASAmeM kI gaI, yaha pantha dhIre dhIre dezavyApI ho gayA aura isake prabhAvase maThapatiyoMkI pratiSThAkA eka tarahase anta hI ho gyaa| dharamadAsa ye pA~ca jana, mili baiThe ikaThaura / . paramAratha-caracA kareM, inake kathA na aura / / 27 //

Page #398
mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu jaina vidvAnoMne lokaruci aura lokasAhityakI kabhI upekSA nahIM kI / janasAdhAraNake nikaTataka pahu~cane aura unameM apane vicAroMkA pracAra karane ke lie ve loka-bhASAoMkA Azraya lenese bhI kabhI nahIM cUke / yahI kAraNa hai jo unhoMne sabhI prAntoM kI bhASAoM ko apanI racanAoMse samRddha kiyA hai / apabhraMza bhASA kisI samaya dravir3a prAntoM aura karnATakako chor3akara prAyaH sAra bhAratameM thor3a bahuta hera-phera ke sAtha samajhI jAtI thI / ataeva isa bhASA meM bhI jaina kavi vizAlasAhitya nirmANa kara gaye haiM / dhakkar3akulake paM0 hariSeNane apanI 'dhammaparikkhA' meM apabhraMza bhASAke tIna mahAkaviyoMkI prazaMsA kI hai, unameM sabase pahale caumuhu yA caturmukha haiM jinakI abhI taka koI racanA upalabdha nahIM huI hai, dUsare haiM svayaMbhu deva jinakI carcA isa lekha meM kI jAyagI aura tIsare haiM puSpadanta jinake prAyaH sabhI grantha prakAzameM A gaye haiM aura jinase hama paricita bhI ho cuke haiM / puSpadantane caturmukha aura svayaMbhu donoMkA smaraNa kiyA hai, aura svayaMbhune caturmukhakI stuti kI hai, arthAt caturmukha svayaMbhuse bhI pahaleka kavi haiM / caturmukha aura svayaMbhu pro0 madhusUdana modIne caturmukha aura svayaMbhuko na jAne kaise eka hI kavi samajha liyA hai' / vAstava meM ye donoM judA judA kavi haiM / isameM sandehakI jarA bhI guMjAiza nahIM hai / kyoM ki 1 svayaM svayaMbhUne apane paumacariu, rihaNemicariu ( harivaMsapurANu ) aura svayaMbhu-chanda ina tInoM granthoM meM kahIM bhI ' caturmukha svayaMbhu' nAmase apanA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / sarvatra hI svayaMbhu likhA hai aura svayaMbhuka putra tribhuvanaMna bhI apane 1 - 1 dekho, bhAratIya vidyA ( aMka 2 aura 3, mArca aura agasta 1940 ) meM pro0 modIkA * apabhraMza kavio : caturmukha svayaMbhu ane tribhukna svayaMbhu ' zIrSaka gujarAtI lekha /

Page #399
mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu 371 tAoM aravi puSpadantane varSabhadeva hI likhA pitAkA nAma svayaMbhu yA svayaMbhudeva hI likhA hai / 2 mahAkavi puSpadantane apane mahApurANumeM jahA~ apane pUrvake aneka granthakartAoM aura kaviyoMkA ullekha kiyA hai vahA~ ve 'caumuhu' aura 'sayaMbhu'kA alaga alaga prathamA ekavacanAnta pada dekara ho smaraNa karate haiMcaumuhu sayaMbhu siriharisu doNu, NAloiu kaiIsANu baannu| 1-5 arthAt na maiMne caturmukha, svayaMbhu, zrIharSa aura droNakA avalokana kiyA, aura na kavi IzAna aura bANako / mahApurANakA prAcIna TippaNakAra bhI ina zabdoMpara judA judA TippaNa dekara unheM pRthak kavi batalAtA hai| " caumuhu= kazcitkaviH / svayaMbhu paddhaDIbaddharAmAyaNakartA ApalIsaMghIyaH / " ___3 puSpadantane Age 69 vI sandhimeM bhI rAmAyaNakA prAraMbha karate hue sayabhu aura caumuhukA alaga alaga vizeSaNa dekara alaga alaga ullekha kiyA hai| 4 paM0 haripeNene apane 'dhammaparikkhA' nAmaka apabhraMza kAvyameM, jo vi0 sa0 1040 kI racanA hai, caturmukha, svayaMbhu aura puSpadanta ina tInoM kaviyoMkI stuti kI hai aura tInakI saMkhyA dekara tInoMke lie judA judA vizeSaNa diye haiN| 5 harivaMzapurANameM svayaMbhu kavi svayaM kahate haiM ki piMgalane chandaprastAra, bhAmaha aura daMDIne alaMkAra, bANane akSarADambara, zrIharSane nipuNatva aura caturmukhane chardanikA, dvipadI aura dhruvakoMse jITata paddhar3iyA diyA--"chaMdANiya-duvai-dhuvaehiM 1 mahAkavi bANane apane harSacaritameM bhASA-kavi IzAna aura prAkRta-kavi vAyuvikArakA ullekha kiyA hai / dekho, zrI rAdhAkumuda mukarjIkA zrI harSa, pR0 158 2 kairAu sayaMbhu mahAyariu, so sayaNasahAsahiM pariyariu / ca umuhahu cayAri muhAI jahiM, sukaittaNu sIsau kAI tahiM / / arthAt kavirAja svayaMbhu mahAn AcArya haiM, unake sahasroM svajana hai; aura caturmakhake to cAra mukha haiM, unake Age sukavitva kyA kahA jAya ? __ 3 paM0 haripeNa dhakkar3akulake the| unake gurukA nAma siddhasena thaa| cittor3a ( mevADa ) ko choDa jaba ve kisI kAmase acalapura gaye the, taba vahA~ unhoMne dhammaparikkhA banAI thii| 4 caumuhu kavvavirayaNe sayaMbhu vi, puSphayaMtu aNNANu NisuMbhivi / tiNi vi jogga jeNa taM sIsai, caumuhamuhe thiya tAma sarAsai // jo sayabhu so de u pahANau, aha kaha loyaaloyviyaannu| puSphayaMtu Na vi mANusu vuccai, jo sarasaie kayA vi Na muccai / /

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372 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa jaDiya, caumuheNa samappiya paddhar3iya / " isase caturmukha nizcaya hI svayaMbhuse judA haiM jinake paddhar3iyA kAvya ( harivaMza-padmapurANa ) unheM prApta the / 6 isI taraha kavi svayaMbhu apane paumacariumeM bhI caturmukhako judA batalAte haiM / ve kahate haiM ki caturmukhake zabda aura daMti aura bhadrake artha manohara hote haiM, parantu svayaMbhu kAvyameM zabda aura artha donoM sundara haiM, taba zeSa kavijana kyA kareM ?' . Age cala kara phira kahA hai ki caturmukhadevake zabdoMko, svayaMbhudevakI manohara jihvA ( vANI ? ) ko aura bhadrakavike gograhaNako Aja bhI anya kavi nahIM pA sakate / isI taraha jalakrIDA-varNanameM svayaMbhuko, gograha kathA caturmukhadevako aura matsyavedhameM bhadrako Aja bhI kavijana nahIM pA sakate / ___ ina uddharaNoMse bilakula spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki caturmukhadeva svayaMbhuse pRthak aura unake pUrvavartI kavi haiM jinakI racanAmeM zabda-saundarya vizeSa hai aura jinhoMne apane harivaMzameM gograha-kathA bahuta hI bar3hiyA likhI hai|| 7 apane svayaMbhu-chandameM svayaMbhune pahaleke aneka kaviyoMke padya udAharaNa svarUpa diye haiM aura unameM caturmukhake ' jahA caumuhassa' kahakara 5-6 padya uddhata kiye haiN| isase bhI caturmukhakA pRthaktva siddha hotA hai / 1 dekhA 'paumacariu' ke prAraMbhika aMzakA dUsarA padya / 2 bhadra apabhraMzake ho kavi mAlUma hote haiM / unakA koI mahAbhArata yA harivaMza hogA jisake antargata 'gograha-kathA' aura 'matsya-vedha' nAmake adhyAya yA parva hoNge| caturmukhakA to nizcaya hI harivaMzapurANa thA aura usameM 'gograha-kathA' thI / kyoM ki apabhraMza-kavi dhavalane bhI apane harivaMzapurANameM caturmukhakI * haripANDavAnAM kathA'kA ullekha kiyA hai haripaMDuvANa kahA caumuhavAsehiM bhAsiyaM jamhA / taha virayami loyapiyA jeNa Na NAsei IsaNa pauraM / / isameM caumuhavAsehiM ( caturmukhavyAsaiH ) pada zliSTa hai / svayaMbhu-chandameM caumuhuke jo padya udAharaNasvarUpa uddhata kiye haiM, unameMse 4-2, 6-83, 86, 112 padyoMse mAlUma hotA hai ki unakA paumacariu bhI avazya rahA hogaa| kyoMki unameM rAma-kathAke prasaMga haiN| 3-4 paumacariuke prAraMmika aMzake padya na0 3-4 / 5 saMbhava hai / paumacariu 'ke ye prArambhika padya svayaM svayaMbhuke race hue na hoM, unake putra tribhuvanake hoM, phira bhI inase caturmukha aura svayaMbhukA pRthaktva siddha hotA hai /

Page #401
mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu , 7 ' karakaMDucariu ' ke kartA kanakAmara ( kanakadeva ) ne svayaMbhu aura puSpa - danta do apabhraMza kaviyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, parantu svayaMbhuko kevala ' svayaMbhu likhA hai, ' caturmukha svayaMbhu ' nahIM ' / 8 paumacariumeM ' paMcamicaria' ke viSaya meM likhA hai -------------------- caumuhasayaMbhuvANa vANiyatthaM acakkhamANeNa / tihuaNasayaMbhu raiyaM paMcamicariaM mahacchariaM // 373 isake ' caumuhasayaMbhuvANa' ( caturmukhasvayaMbhudevAnAm ) padase caturmukha aura svayaMbhu judA judA do kavi hI prakaTa hote haiM / kyoM ki yaha pada ekavacanAnta nahIM, bahuvacanAnta hai / ( dvivacana apabhraMza meM hotA nahIM / ) ina saba pramANoMke hote hue caturmukha aura svayaMbhuko eka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / pro0 eca0 DI0 velaNakara aura pro0 hIrAlAla jainane bhI caturmukhako svayaMbhuse pRthak aura unakA pUrvavarttI mAnA hai / svayaMbhudeva apabhraMzabhASA ke AcArya bhI the / Age batalAyA gayA hai ki apabhraMzakA chandazAstra aura vyAkaraNazAstra bhI unhoMne nirmANa kiyA thA / chandacUr3AmaNi, vijayazeSita yA jayaparizeSa aura kavirAja-dhavala unake viruda the | I unake pitAkA nAma mArutadeva aura mAtAkA padminI thA / mArutadeva bhI kavi the / svayaMbhu-chandameM 'tahA ya mAuradevassa' kahakara unakA eka dohA udAharaNasvarUpa 1 jayaeva sayaMbhu visAlacittu, vAesarigharu siripupphayaMtu / 2 harivaMzapurANa aura padmapurANake samAna ' paMcamI - kahA ' bhI jainoM kI bahuta hI lokapriya kathA hai / saMskRta aura apabhraMzake prAyaH sabhI prasiddha kaviyoMne ina tInoM kathAoMko apane apane DhaMga se likhA hai / mahApurANa ( isameM padmacarita aura harivaMza donoM haiM) ke atirikta puSpadantakI paMcamI - kathA ( NAyakumAracariu ) hai hI, maliSeNake bhI mahApurANa aura nAgakumAracarita haiM / isI taraha caturmukha aura svayaMbhuke bhI ukta tInoM kathAnakoMpara grantha hone cAhie | svayaMbhuke do to upalabdha hI haiM, aura paMcamIcaritakA ukta pathameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / tribhuvana svayaMbhune apane pitAke tInoM granthoMko sa~bhAlA hai / arthAt unameM kucha aMza apanI taraphase jor3akara pUrA kiyA hai / dhanapAlakI ' paMcamI kahA ' prakAzita ho cukI hai / 3 svayaMbhu chandakA iMTroDakzana peja 71 - 74, rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI bambaIkA jarnala, jilda 2, 1935 / 4 nAgapura yUnIvarsiTIkA jarnala, disambara, 1935 //

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa diyA gayA hai' / svayaMbhu gRhastha the, sAdhu yA muni nahIM, jaisA ki unake granthoMkI kucha pratiyoM meM likhA milatA hai / aisA jAna par3atA hai ki unakI kaI patniyA~ thIM jinameMse dokA nAma paumacariumeM milatA hai - eka to AIcaMbA ( AdityAmbA ) jisane ayodhyAkANDa aura dUsarI sAmiabbA, jisane vidyAdharakANDa likhAyA thA / saMbhavataH ye donoM hI suzikSitA thIM / 374 svayaMbhudevake aneka putra the jinameM se sabase choTe tribhuvana svayaMbhuko hI hama jAnate haiM / ukta do patniyoMmeMse ye kisake putra the, isakA koI ullekha nahIM milA / sabhava hai ki pUrvokta doke sivAya koI tIsarI hI unakI mAtA ho / nIce likhe zliSTa padyase anumAna hotA hai ki tribhuvana svayaMbhukI mAtA aura svayaMbhudevakI tRtIya patnIkA nAma zAyada ' suavvA' ho - savve vi suA paMjarasua vva paDhi akkharAI sikkhati / kairAassa suo suavva- sui-gabbhasaMbhUo || apabhraMzameM sua zabdase suta ( putra ) aura zukra ( sua = totA ) donoM kA hI bodha hotA hai / isa padya meM kahA hai ki sAre hI suta pIMjareke suoMke samAna par3he hue hI akSara sIkhate haiM; parantu kavirAjakA suta ( tribhuvana) zruta iva zrutigarbhasaMbhUta hai / arthAt jisa taraha zruti ( veda ) se zAstra utpanna hue usI taraha dUsare pakSa meM tribhuvana suavvasuigabbhasaMbhU hai, arthAt subbAke zucigarbhame utpanna huA hai 1 kavirAja svayaMbhu zarIrase bahuta patale aura U~ce the / unakI nAka capaTI aura dA~ta virala the / svayaMbhudevane apane vaMza gotra AdikA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA / isI taraha anya jaina granthakarttAoM ke samAna apane guru yA sampradAyakI bhI koI carcA nahIM kI / parantu puSpadantake mahApurANake TippaNa meM unheM ApulIsaMghIya batalAyA hai / " isa lie ve yApanIya sampradAya ke anuyAyI jAna par3ate haiM / para unhoMne paumacariuke 1 - umitta bhamaMteNa raaNAaracadeNa / so site sijai vi taha bharai bharateNa // 4-9 2 - 3 - dekho paumacariu sandhi 42 aura 20 ke padya / 4 - aitaguNa paIharagatte, chivvaraNAseM paviraladaMteM / 5 sayaMbhu paddhaDIvaddhakarttA ApalI saMghIyaH / ma0 pu0 pR0 9 /

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mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu 375 prAraMbhameM likhA hai ki yaha rAma-kathA varddhamAn bhagavAnake mukha-kuharase vinirgata hokara indrabhUti gaNadhara aura sudharmAsvAmI Adi ke dvArA calI AI hai aura raviSeNAcAryake prasAdase mujhe prApta huI hai|' taba kyA raviSeNa bhI yApanIya saMghake the ? svayaMbhudeva pahale dhanaMjayake Azrita rahe jaba ki unhoMne paumacariukI racanA kI aura pIche dhavalaiyAke jaba ki rihaNemicariu bnaayaa| isalie unhoMne pahale granthameM dhanaMjayakA aura dUsaremeM dhavalaiyAkA pratyeka sandhike antameM ullekha kiyA hai / tribhuvana svayaMbhu svayaMbhudevake choTe putrakA nAma tribhuvana svayaMbhu thaa| ye apane pitAke suyogya putra the aura unhIM ke samAna mahAkavi bhI / kavirAja-cakravartI unakA viruda thaa| likhA hai ki usa tribhuvana svayaMbhuke guNoMkA varNana kauna kara sakatA hai jisane bAlyAvasthAmeM hI apane pitAke kAvya-bhArako uThA liyA / yadi vaha na hotA to svayaMbhudevake kAvyoMkA, kulakA aura kavitvakA samuddhAra kauna karato ? aura saba loga to apane pitAke dhanakA uttarAdhikAra grahaNa karate haiM; parantu tribhuvana svayaMbhune apane pitAke sukavitvakA uttarAdhikAra liyA / ' use chor3akara svayaMbhuke samasta ziSyoMmeM aisA kauna thA jo unake kAvya-samudrako pAra karato ? vyAkaraNarUpa haiM majabUta kandhe jisake, AgamoMka aMgoMkI upamAvAle haiM vikaTa pada jisake, aise tribhuvana svayaMbhurUpa dhavala ( vRSabha ) ne jina-tIrthameM kAvyakA bhAra vahana kiyaa| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki tribhuvana bhI vaiyAkaraNa aura AgamAdike jJAtA the| jisa taraha svayaMbhudeva dhanaMjaya aura dhavalaiyAke Azrita the usI taraha tribhuvana baMdaiyAke / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki ye tInoM hI AzrayadAtA kisI eka hI rAjamAnya yA dhanI kulake the-dhanaMjayake uttarAdhikArI ( saMbhavataH putra) dhavalaiyA aura dhavalaiyAke uttarAdhikArI baMdaiyA / ekake dehAnta honepara dUsareke aura dUsareke bAda tIsareke AzrayameM ye Aye hoMge / bandaiyAke prathama putra govindakA bhI tribhuvana svayaMbhune ullekha kiyA hai jisake vAtsalya bhAvase paumacariyake zeSake sAta sarga race gye| bandaiyAke sAtha paumacariuke antameM tribhuvana svayaMbhune nAga aura zrIpAla 1 dekho saMdhi 1, kaDavaka 2 / 2-3-4-5 paumacariuke antima aMzake padya 3, 7, 9, 10 // 6 antima aMzakA cauthA padya / 7 antima aMzakA 15 vA~ padya /

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376 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa Adi bhavya janoMko bhI AzIrvAda diyA hai ki unheM Arogya, samRddhi aura zAnti-sukha prApta ho| kavi kahA~ke the ? apane granthoM meM ina donoM kaviyoMne na to sthAnakA nAma diyA hai, na apane samayake kisI rAjA AdikA, jisase yaha patA laga sake ki ve kahA~ke rahanevAle the| anumAnase itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve dAkSiNAtya the aura bahuta karake puSpadantake hI samAna barArakI taraphake hoMge: yadyapi mArutadeva, dhavalaiyA, baMdaiyA, nAga, AicaMbA, sAmiabbA, Adi nAma karnATaka jaise haiM aura aise hI kucha nAma ammaiya, daMgaiya, sIlaiya, puSpadantake paricita janoMke bhI haiM / grantha-racanA mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhuke do sampUrNa aura saMyukta grantha upalabdha hue haiM, eka paumacariu (padmacarita ) yA rAmAyaNa aura dUsarA riTaNemicariu (ariSTanemicarita) yA harivaMzapurANa / tIsarA grantha paMcamicariu (nAgakumAracIrata) hai jisakA ullekha to kiyA gayA hai parantu jo abhI taka kahIM upalabdha nahIM huaa| ye tInoM hI grantha svayaMbhu devake banAye hue haiM aura tInoMko hI unake putra tribhuvana svayaMbhune pUrA kiyA hai / parantu usa taraha nahIM jisa taraha mahAkavi bANakI adhUrI kAdambarIko unake putrane, vIrasenakI apUrNa jayadhavalA TIkAko unake ziSya jinasenane aura jinasenake AdipurANako unake ziSya guNabhadrane pUrA kiyA thA / pitA yA gurukI adhUrI racanAoMke putra yA ziSyadvArA pUre kiye jAneke aneka udAharaNa haiM; parantu yaha udAharaNa una sabase nirAlA hai| 1 antima aMzakA 16 vA~ padya / / 2-3 ye donoM grantha bhANDArakara iMsTiTayUTa pUnemeM haiM - naM0 1120 Apha 1894-97 aura 1117 Apha 1891-95 / paumacariyakI eka prati kRpA karake pro0 hIrAlAlajI jainane bhI mere pAsa bheja dI hai jo sAMgAnerake godIkAke mandirakI hai / yadyapi usake hAliyepara saMvat 1775 likhA huA hai, parantu vaha kisI dUsareke hAthakA hai| prati usase bhI purAnI hai / harivaMzakI eka prati bambaIke ai0 pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavanameM bhI hai / isa lekhameM ukta saba pratiyoMkA upayoga kiyA gayA hai|

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mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu kavirAja svayaMbhudevane to apanI samajhase ye grantha pUre hI race the parantu unake putra tribhuvana svayaMbhuko unameM kucha kamI mahasUsa huI aura usa kamIko unhoMne apanI taraphase kaI naye naye sarga jor3akara pUrA kiyA / jisa taraha mahAkavi puSpadantake yazodhara caritameM rAjA aura kaulakA prasaMga, yazodharakA vivAha aura bhavAntaroMkA varNana nahIM thA aura isa kamI ko mahasUsa karake vasilasAhu nAmaka dhanIke kahane se gandharva kavine ukta tIna prakaraNa apanI taraphase banAkara yazodharacaritameM jor3a diye the kavirAja cakravartIne bhI ukta tInoM granthoMkI pUrti lagabhaga usI taraha kI hai / antara sirpha itanA hI hai ki gandharvane ukta prayatna puSpadantase lagabhaga sAr3he tIna sau varSa bAda kiyA thA, parantu tribhuvana svayaMbhune pitAke dehAnta ke bAda tatkAla hI / 1- paumacariu 377 yaha grantha 12 hajAra zlokapramANa hai aura isameM saba milAkara 90 sandhiyA~ haiM--vidyAdharakANDa meM 20, ayodhyA kANDameM 22, sundara kAMDa meM 14, yuddhakAMDameM 21 aura uttarakAMDa meM 132 / inameM se 83 sandhiyA~ svayaMbhudevakI aura zeSa 7 tribhuvana svayaMbhukI haiM / 83 vIM sandhike antakI puSpikAmeM bhI yadyapi tribhuvana svayaMbhukA nAma hai, isa lie svayaMbhudevakI racI huI 82 hI sandhiyA~ honI cAhie parantu granthAnta meM tribhuvanane apanI rAmakathA - kanyAko sapta mahAsagagI yA sAtasagavAlI kahA hai, isalie 84 se 90 taka sAta sandhiyA~ hI unakI banAI jAna par3atI haiN| saMbhava hai 83 vIM sandhikA apanI AgekI 84 vIM sandhise ThIka sandarbha biThAne ke lie usameM bhI unheM kucha kar3avaka jor3ane par3e hoM aura isalie usakI puSpikAmeM bhI apanA nAma de diyA ho / 1 dekho ' mahAkavi puSpadanta ' zIrSaka lekha, pR0 331-32 / , 2 dekho paumacariuke antake / 3-4 apabhraMza kAvyoMmeM sargakI jagaha prAyaH 'sandhi'kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai / pratyeka sandhimeM aneka kar3avaka hote haiM aura eka kar3avaka ATha yamakoMkA tathA eka yamaka do padoMkA hotA hai / eka padameM yadi vaha paddhar3iyAbaddha ho to 16 mAtrAyeM hotI haiM / AcArya hemacandrake anusAra cAra paddhar3iyoM yAnI ATha paMktiyoM kA kar3avaka hotA hai / hara eka kar3avakake antameM eka ghattA yA dhruvaka hotA hai /

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378 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa 2 - riTTaNemicariu yaha harivaMsapurANu nAmase prasiddha hai / aThAraha hajAra zlokapramANa hai aura isameM 112 sanviyA~ haiM | isameM tIna kANDa haiM -- yAdava, kuru aura yuddha / yAdava meM 13, kurumeM 19 aura yuddha meM 60 sandhiyA~ haiM / sandhiyoMkI yaha gaNanA yuddha - kANDa ke anta meM dI huI hai aura yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki pratyeka kANDa kaba likhA gayA aura usakI racanA meM kitanA samaya lagI / isase ina 92 sandhiyoMke kartRtva ke viSayameM to koI zaMkA hI nahIM ho sakatI, ye to nizcayapUrvaka svayaMbhudevakI banAI huI haiM / Age 93 se 99 takakI sandhiyoM kI puSpikAoM meM bhI svayaMbhudevakA nAma hai aura phira usake bAda 100 vIM sandhike antameM tribhuvana svayaMbhukA nAma hai isakA artha yaha huA ki 93 se 99 takakI sandhiyA~ bhI svayaMbhudevakI haiM aura isa taraha unakA racA huA rihaNebhicariya 99 vIM sandhipara samApta hotA hai / isa sandhike antameM eka padya hai jisameM kahA hai ki paumacariu yA suvvarthecariu banAkara aba maiM harivaMzakI racanA meM pravRtta hotA hU~, sarasvatIdevI mujhe susthiratA deveM | nizcaya hI yaha padya tribhuvana svayaMbhukA likhA huA hai aura isameM ve kahate haiM ki paumacariukI arthAt usake zeSa bhAga kI racanA to maiM kara cukA, usake bAda aba maiM harivaMza meM arthAt usake bhI zeSameM hAtha lagAtA hU~ / yadi isa padyako hama tribhuvanakA na mAneM to phira isa sthAna meM isakI koI sArthakatA hI nahIM raha jAtI / harivaMzakI 99 sandhiyA~ banA cukanepara svayaMbhudeva yaha kaise kaha sakate haiM ki paumacariu banAkara aba maiM harivaMza banAtA hU~ ? ataeva ukta padyase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki svayaMbhukI racanA isa grantha meM 99 vIM sandhike anta taka hai / isake AgekA bhAga, 100 se 112 takakI sandhiyA~, tribhuvana svayaMbhukI 1 svayaMbhuko 92 sandhiyA~ samApta karane meM chaha varSa tIna mahIne aura gyAraha dina lage / phAlguna nakSatra, tRtIyA tithi, budhavAra aura ziva nAmaka yoga meM yuddhakANDa samApta huA aura bhAdrapada, dazamI, ravivAra aura mUla nakSatra meM uttarakANDa prAraMbha kiyA gayA / 2 rAma lakSmaNa Adi bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvratake tIrthameM hue haiM, ataeva paumacariu munisuvratacaritake hI antargata mAnA jAtA hai / munisuvratacaritako hI saMkSepameM ' sunvayacariya kahA hai| suvvayacariyako muddhayacariya galata par3hA gayA hai /

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mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu 379 banAI huI haiM aura isakI puSTi isa bAtase hotI hai ki antima sandhi takakI puSpikAoMmeM tribhuvana svayaMbhukA nAma diyA huA hai / parantu ina teraha sandhiyoMmeMse 106, 108, 110 aura 111 vI sandhike padyoMmeM muni jasakittikA bhI nAma AtA hai aura isase eka bar3I bhArI ulajhana khar3I ho jAtI hai / isameM to sandeha nahIM ki isa antima aMzameM muni jasakittikA bhI kucha hAtha hai, parantu vaha kitanA hai isakA ThIka ThIka nirNaya karanA kaThina hai| bahuta kucha soca vicArake bAda hama isa nirNayapara pahu~ce haiM ki muni jasakittiko isa granthakI koI aisI jIrNa zIrNa prati milI thI jisake antima patra naSTa bhraSTa the aura zAyada anya pratiyA~ durlabha thIM, isalie unhoMne gopagiri (gvAliyara ) ke samIpa kumaranagarIke jainamandirameM vyAkhyAna karaneke lie ise ThIka kiyA, arthAt jahA~ jahA~ jitanA jitanA aMza par3hA nahIM gayA, yA naSTa ho gayA thA, usako svayaM racakara jor3a diyA aura jahA~ jahA~ jor3A vahA~ vahA~ apane parizramake evajameM apanA nAma bhI jor3a diyA / 109 vI sandhike anta meM ve likhate haiM ki jinake manameM parvoke uddhAra karanekA hI rAga thA, (parvasamuddharaNarAgaikamanasA) aise jasakitti jatine kavirAjake zeSa bhAgakA prakRta artha kahA aura phira apane isa kAryakA aucitya batalAte hue ve kahate haiM ki saMsArameM ve hI jIte haiM, unhIMkA jIvana sArthaka hai, jo parAye bihaDita (bigar3e hue yA vizaMkhala hue ) kAvya, kula aura dhanakA uddhAra karate haiN| pichalI do sandhiyoMkI racanA aura bhASA parase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki unameM jasaMkittikA kucha adhika hAtha hai / jasakitti isa granthake kartAse 6-7 sau varSa bAdake lekhaka haiM, unakI bhASA isa granthakI bhASAke mukAbilemeM avazya pahicAnI jA sakatI hai aura hamArA vizvAsa hai ki apabhraMza bhASAke vizeSajJa parizrama karake isa bAtakA patA lagA sakate haiM ki isa granthakI pichalI sandhiyoMmeM jasakittikI racanA kitanI hai / hameM yaha bhI AzA hai ki harivaMzakI zAyada aisI prati bhI mila jAya, jo svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhuko hI sampUrNa racanA ho aura usameM jasakittike lagAye hue pebanda na ho| __ eka bAta aura bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jasakittikA khudakA bhI banAyA huA eka harivaMzapurANa hai aura vaha apabhraMzabhASAkA hI hai| isalie unake lie yaha kArya atyanta sugama thA aura kyA Azcarya jo una una aMzoMke sthAnapara jo

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa tribhuvana svayaMbhuke harivaMzapurANase naSTa ho gaye the apane ukta harivaMzake hI aMza kATa-chA~Takara jar3a diye hoM / isakA nirNaya jaisakittikA grantha sAmane rakhane se ho sakatA hai / 380 3 - paMcamIcariu durbhAgya se abhI taka isa granthakI koI prati upalabdha nahIM huI hai; parantu paumacariya meM likhA hai ki yadi svayaMbhudeva ke putra tribhuvana na hote to unake paddhar3iyAbaddha paMcamIcaritako kauna sa~vAratA ! isase mAlUma hotA hai ki svayaMbhudevakA paMcamIcarita nAmakA grantha bhI avazya thA aura use bhI unake putrane zAyada pUrvokta do granthoM ke hI samAna sa~vArA thA - bar3hAyA thA / svayaMbhuke tInoM grantha sampUrNa the jaisA ki pahale kahA cukA hai, svayaMbhudevane apane tInoM grantha apanI samajha aura ruci anusAra sampUrNa hI race the, unheM adhUrA nahIM chor3A thA / pIche 1 muni jasakitti yA yaza: kIrti kASThAsaMgha- mAthurAnvaya puSkaragaNake bhaTTAraka the aura gopAcala yA gvAliyarakI gaddIpara AsIna the / unake gurukA nAma guNakIrti thA / unake do apabhraMza-grantha milate haiM eka harivaMsapurANu aura dUsarA caMdappahacariu ! pahalA grantha jainasiddhAntabhavana ArAmeM hai / bhAskara ( bhAga 8, kiraNa 1 ) meM usake jo bahuta hI azuddha aMza uddhRta kiye gaye haiM unase mAlUma hotA hai ki divaDhA sAhuke lie usakI racanA kI gaI thI / -" iya harivaMsapurANe kuruvaM sAhiTTie vivuha cittANuraMjaNe siriguNakittisIsamuNijasa kittiviraie sAhu- divaDhAnAmaMkie... terahamo saggo smmtto| " aura pichalA grantha pharrukhanagarake jainamandirake bhaMDAra meM hai / usake antameM likhA hai -" iya siricaMda pahacarie mahAkaijasakittiviraie mahAbhavva siddhapAlasavaNabhUsaNe siricaMdappahasAmiNivvANagamaNo NAma eyaraimo saMdhI sammatto / " yaha prati zrAvaNa vadI 1, zani, saMvat 1568 kI likhI huI hai / jasakitti tomaravaMzI rAjA kIrtisiMha ke samaya meM vikramakI solahavIM zatAbdi ke prArambhameM hue haiN| jainasiddhAnta bhavana ArAmeM jJAnArNavakI eka prati hai jo saMvat 1521 ASAr3ha sudI -6 somavArako gopAcaladurga meM tomaravaMzI rAjA kIrtisiMha ke rAjya meM likhI gaI thI / isameM guNakIrti aura yazaH kIrtike bAda unake ziSya malayakIrti aura praziSya guNabhadra bhaTTArakaka bhI nAma haiM / -

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mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu 381 unake putra tribhuvanane adhUroMko pUrA nahIM kiyA hai balki unameM ijAphA kiyA hai| isakI puSTimeM hama nIce likhI bAteM kaha sakate haiM 1 yaha bAta kucha jaMcatI nahIM ki koI kavi eka sAtha tIna tIna granthoMkA likhanA zurU kara de aura tInoMko hI adhUrA chor3a jAya / apanA antima grantha hI vaha adhUrA chor3a sakatA hai / 2 paumacariumeM svayaMbhudeva apaneko dhanaMjayakA Azrita batalAte haiM aura rihaNemicariumeM dhavalaiyAkA / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki ina donoM granthoMkI racanA eka sAtha nahIM huI hai| dhanaMjayake AzrayameM rahate samaya pahalA grantha samApta kiyA gayA aura usake bAda dhavalaiyAke AzrayameM jo ki zAyada dhanaMjayakA putra thA rihaNamicariu likhanA zurU huaa| paMcamIcarita zAyada dhanaMjayake AzrayameM hI likhA gayA ho| 3 donoM granthoMkA zeSa tribhuvana svayaMbhune usa samaya likhA jaba ve bandaiyAke Azrita the aura isa bAtakA ullekha bhI rihaNomicariyakI 99 vI sandhike antameM kara diyA ki paumacariuko ( zeSa bhAgako ) kara cukaneke bAda aba maiM harivaMzapurANakI (zeSa bhAgakI) racanAmeM pravRtta hotA huuN| yaha ullekha svayaM svayaMbhudevakA kiyA huA nahIM ho sktaa| 4 paumacariukA lagabhaga 6 aMza aura harivaMzakA aMza svayaMbhudevakA hai aura zeSa aura tribhuvanakA / prazna hotA hai ki pitA yadi donoMkA adhUrA hI chor3atA to itane thor3e thor3e hI aMza kyoM chor3atA ? 5 tribhuvana svayaMbhu apane granthAMzoMko 'sesa' 'sayaMbhudeva-uvvaria' aura 'tihuaNasayaMbhusamANia' vizeSaNa dete haiN| zeSakA artha spaSTa hai| AcArya hemacandrakI nAmamAlAke anusAra 'uvvaria'kA artha 'adhikaM anIpsitaM' hotA hai / arthAt , svayaMbhudevako jo aMza abhIpsita nahIM thA, yA jo adhika thA, vaha aMza / isI taraha 'samANi' zabdakA artha hotA hai, lAyA gayA / ina tInoM vizeSaNoMse yahI dhvanita hotA hai ki yaha adhika yA anIpsita aMza Uparase lAyA gayA hai / 6 rihaNemicariuko dekhanese patA calatA hai ki vAstavameM samavasaraNake uparAnta neminAthakA nirvANa hote hI yaha grantha samApta ho jAnA cAhie / isake bAda kRSNakI rAniyoMke bhavAntara, gajakumAranirvANa, dIpAyana muni, dvArAvatI-dAha, balabhadrakA zoka, nArAyaNakA zoka, haladharadIkSA, jaratkumAra-rAjyalAbha, pANDava-gRhavAsa,

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa mohaparityAga, pANDava-bhavAntara Adi prakaraNa jo 99 se AgekI sandhiyoM meM haiM ve nemicaritake Avazyaka aMza nahIM haiM, avAntara haiM / inake vinA bhI vaha apUrNa nahIM hai | parantu tribhuvana svayaMbhune ina viSayoM kI bhI AvazyakatA samajhI aura isa taraha unhoMne ridRNemicariuko harivaMzapurANa banA diyA aura zAyada isI kAraNa vaha isa nAma se prasiddha huA / paumacariyakI antakI sAta sandhiyoMke viSaya bhI - sItA, bAli, aura sItA-putroMke bhavAntara, mAruta-nirvANa, harimaraNa AdiisI taraha avAntara jAna par3ate haiM / 382 4-svayaMbhu-chanda svayaMbhudevake isa chando granthakA patA abhI kucha hI samaya pahale lagA hai / isakI eka apUrNa prati jisameM prAraMbha ke 22 patra nahIM haiM pro0 eca0 DI0 velaNakarako prApta huI hai aura unhoMne use bar3e parizrama se sampAdita karake prakAzita kara diyA hai| isake pahalaka tIna adhyAyoM meM prAkRtake varNattoMkA aura zeSake pA~ca adhyAyoMmeM apabhraMza chandoMkA vivecana hai | sAtha hI chandoM ke udAharaNa bhI pUrva kaviyoM ke granthoMmeMse cunakara diye gaye haiM / isa granthakA prAraMbhika aMza nahIM hai aura anta meM bhI kattIkA paricaya denevAlI koI prazasti Adi nahIM hai / isa lie sandeha ho sakatA hai ki yaha zAyada kisI anya svayaMbhukI racanA ho; parantu hamArI samajhameM nizcayase inhIM kI hai / kyoM ki 1 isake antima adhyAya meM gAhA, aDillA, paddhar3iyA Adi chandoMke jo svopajJa udAharaNa diye haiM unameM jinadevakI stuti hai / isalie isake karttAkA jaina 1 yaha prati bar3hAdAke oriyaNTala insTiTayUTa kI hai / Azvina sudI 5, guruvAra saMvat 1727 ko ise rAmanagara meM kisI kRSNadevane likhA thA / 2 pahale ke tIna adhyAya rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI bAmbeke jarnala (san 1935 pR0 18- 58 ) meM aura zeSa pA~ca adhyAya bAmbe yUnIvarsiTI ke jarnala ( jilda 5, naM0 3, navambara 1936 ) meM prakAzita hue haiM I 3 tumha paakamalamUle amhaM jiNa dukkhabhAvataviAI / durudulliAI jiNavara je jANasu taM karejAsu // 38 jiNaNA meM chiMdevi mohajAlu, uppajai devalasAmi sAlu / jiNaNA meM kamma gidda levi, mokkhagge paisia suha lahevi // 44

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mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu 383 honA to asandigdha hai / sAtha hI isameM ( a0 5-9) chaThe avajAIke udAharaNa svarUpa jo ghattA uddhRta kI hai vaha paumacariukI 14 vIM sandhimeM bahuta hI thor3e pAThAntarake sAtha maujUda hai , ghattA chandakA jo udAharaNa (a0 7-27) diyA hai vaha paumacariukI pA~cavIM sandhikA pahalA padya hai / 'vammahatilaa' kA jo udAharaNa hai ( a0 6-42) vaha 65 vI sandhikA pahalA paye hai, 'raaNAvalI 'kA jo udAharaNa hai ( a0 6-74), vaha 77 vI sandhike 13 veM kar3avakakA antima padya hai aura a0 6 kA jo 71 vA~ padya hai vaha paumacariyakI 77 vI sandhikA prArambhika padya hai / cU~ki ye kavikI apanI aura apane hI granthakI dhattAyeM thIM; isalie inheM vinA kartIke nAmake hI udAharaNasvarUpa de diyA gayA / yadi anya kaviyoMkI hotI to unakA nAma denekI avazyakatA hotI / isase bhI yahI nizcaya hotA hai ki paumacariuke kartA svayaMbhudeva hI svayaMbhu-chandake kartA haiM / isa chandogranthameM 6-45, 58, 98, 102, 152, 8-2,9 padya aise haiM jo harivaMzakI kathAke prasaMgake haiM aura 6, 65, 68, 90, 155, 8-21, 25, aise haiM jo rAmakathAke prasaMgake haiM aura udAharaNasvarUpa diye gaye haiM parantu kartAkA nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai / hamArA 1 kahavi saruhiraI diTThaI NaharaI thaNasiharovari supahuttaI / veggiM valaggaho mayaNaturaMgaho NaM pai chuDu chuDu khittaI // 9 2 akkhai gautamasAmi, tihaaNaladdhapasaMsaho / suNa seNiya uppatti, rakkhasavANaravaMsaho / / 3 haNuvaMtu raNe parivaDhijaI NisiyarahiM / NaM gayaNayale bAladivAyaru jalaharehiM / 4 suravara DAmaru rAvaNu daTUTu jAsu jaga kaMpai / aNNu kahiM mahu cukkai evaNAi sihi jaMpai / / 5 bhAivioeM jiha jiha karai bihIsaNu sou / tiha tiha dukkheNa ruvai saharibalavANaralou / svayaMbhu-chandake mudrita pAThameM isa padyako ' caumuha 'kA batalAyA hai, parantu asalameM yaha lekhakakI kucha asAvadhAnI mAlUma par3atI hai / ' caumuha 'kA padya vahA~ likhanese chUTa gayA hai aura usake Age yaha svayaM svayaMbhukA apanA udAharaNa A gayA hai /

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384 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vizvAsa hai ki ve saba svayaM svayaMbhuke haiM aura khoja karanese rihaNemicariu aura paumacariumeM unamese aneka padya mila jAyeMge / 2 rihaNamicariuke prAraMbhameM pUrva kaviyoMne unheM kyA kyA diyA, isakA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki zrIharSane nipuNatva diyA-" sirihariseM NiyaNi. uNattaNau / " aura zrIharSake isI nipuNatvake prakaTa karanevAle saMskRta padyake eka caraNako svayaMbhu chandameM ( 1-144) uddhRta kiyA gayA hai-" jaha ( yathA)-zrIharSo nipuNaH kavirityAdi / " cU~ki yaha padya zrIharSake nAgAnanda nATakakI prastAvanAmeM sUtradhAradvArA kahalAyA gayA hai aura bahuta prasiddha hai, isalie kavine ise pUrA denekI jarUrata nahIM samajhI / parantu isase yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki svayaMbhuchandake kartA aura paumacariuke kI eka hI haiM, jo zrIharSake nipuNatvako apane donoM granthoM meM prakaTa karate haiN| 3 svayaMbhudevako unake putrane 'chandacUDAmaNi' kahA hai| isase bhI anumAna hotA hai ki ve chandazAstrake vizeSajJa the aura isalie unakA koI chando grantha avazya honA caahie| __ svayaMbhu chandameM mAuradevake kucha padya udAharaNasvarUpa diye haiM aura adhika saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki ye mAuradeva yA mArutadeva kavike pitA hI hoNge| apane pitAke padyoMkA putrake dvArA uddhRta kiyA jAnA sarvathA svAbhAvika hai / pUrvavartI kavigaNa isa chandogranthameM prAkRta aura apabhraMza kaviyoMke nAma dekara jo udAharaNa diye haiM unase ina donoM bhASAoMke usa vizAla sAhityakA AbhAsa milatA hai jo kisI samaya atizaya lokapriya thA aura jisakA adhikAMza lupta ho cukA hai| yahA~ hama una kaviyoMke nAma dekara hI santoSa kareMgeprAkRta kavi-vamhaatta (brahmadatta ), divAyara ( divAkara ), aMgAragaNa, 1 zrIharSo nipuNaH kaviH pariSadepyeSA guNagrAhiNI, loke hAri ca siddharAjacaritaM nATye ca dakSA vayam / vastvaikaikamapIha vAMchitaphalaprAptaiH padaM ki punamadbhAgyopacayAdayaM samuditaH sarvo guNAnAM gaNaH //

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mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu 385 suddhasahAva ( zuddhasvabhAva ), lali asahAva ( lalitasvabhAva ), paMchamaNAha, mAuradeva ( mArutadeva ), kohaMta, NAgaha, suddhasIla ( zuddhazIla ), haraAsa ( haradAsa ), haraatta ( haradatta ), dhagadatta, guNahara ( guNadhara ), Ni uNa (nipuNa , suddharAa (zuddharAja , unbhaTa (udbhaTa), caMdaNa, duggasIha (durgasiMha), kAliAsa ( kAlidAsa ), veraNAa, jIudea (jIvadeva ), jaNamaNANaMda, sIlaNihi (zIlanidhi ), hAla ( sAtavAhana ), vimalaeva ( vimaladeva ), kumAramoma, mUladeva, kumAraatta ( kumAradatta ), tiloaNa (trilocana ), aMgavai (aMgapati), raja utta (rAjaputra), veAla ( vetAla ), johaa, ajarAmara, loNua, kalANurAa ( kalAnurAga ), duggasatti (durgazakti), aNNa, abbhua ( adbhuta ), isahala, ravivappa ( ravivapra), chailla, viaDDha, suhaDarA ( subhaTarAja ), caMdarAa candrarAga), lalaa / apabhraMza kavi-ca umuha ( caturmukha ) dhuta, dhanadeva, chaila, ajadeva ( Aryadava ), goiMda (govinda ), suddhasIla (zuddhazIla ), jiNaAsa ( jinadAsa ), viaDDha / ina kaviyoM meM jaina kauna kauna haiM aura ajaina kauna, yaha hama nahIM jAnate / hamAre lie hAla kAlidAsa Adi ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI aparicita haiM / phira bhI inameM jaina kavi kAphI hoMge balki apabhraMza kavi to adhikAMza jaina hI hoge| kyoMki abataka apabhraMza sAhi-ya adhikAMzameM unhIM kA likhA huA milA hai| vetAle kavike padyake prAraMbhika aMzakA jo udAharaNa diyA hai, usase vaha jaina jAna par3atA hai / cauthe adhyApake 17, 19, 21, 24, 26 naM0 ke jo chaha padya haiM, ve goindake haiM aura harivaMzakI kathAke prasaMgake haiN| unase mAlUma hotA hai ki goinda bhI jaina hai aura usakA bhI eka harivaMsapurANa hai| mAuradeva, jinadAsa aura caumuhu to jaina haiM hii| caturmumbake jo 4-2, 6-71, 83, 86, 112 naM. ke padya haiM ve rAma kathAsambandhI haiM aura unake paumacariuse liye gaye haiN| caturmugvake harivasa, paumacariu aura paMcamIcariu nAmaka tIna granthoM ke hone kA ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai / svayaMbhu-vyAkaraNa hamArA anumAna hai ki svayaMbhudevane svayaMbhu-chandake samAna apabhraMza bhASAkA 1 kAmavANo veAlassa 'NicaM Namo vIarAA' evamAi tti // 1-177 28

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386 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa koI vyAkaraNa bhI likhA thA kyoMki paumacariuke eka padyameM kahA hai ki apabhraMzarUpa matavAlA hAthI tabhI taka svacchandatAse bhramaNa karatA hai jabataka ki usapara svayaMbhu-vyAkaraNarUpa aMkuza nahIM par3atA aura isameM svayaMbhu-vyAkaraNakA spaSTa ullekha hai| eka aura padyameM svayaMbhuko paMcAnana siMhakI upamA dI gaI hai, jisakI sacchandarUpa bikaTa dAr3heM haiM, jo chanda aura alaMkArarUpa nakhoMse duSprekSya hai aura vyAkaraNarUpa jisakI kesara (ayAla ) hai| isase bhI unake vyAkaraNa grantha honekA vizvAsa hotA hai| samaya-vicAra paumacariu aura rihanemicariumeM svayaMbhudevane apane pUrvavartI kaviyoM aura unake kucha granthoMkA ullekha kiyA hai jinake samayase unake samayakI pUrva sImA nizcita kI jA sakatI hai / pA~ca mahAkAvya, piMgalakA chandazAstra, bharatakA nATyazAstra, bhAmaha aura daMDIke alaMkArazAstra, indrakA vyAkaraNa, vyAsa, bAgakA akSarADambara (kAdambarI), zrIharSako nipuNatva aura raviSeNAcAryakI rAmakathA ( padmacarita ) / samayake lihAjase jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM inameM sabase pIcheke raviSeNa haiM aura unhoMne apanA padmacarita vi0 sa0 734 ( vIra-nirvANa saMvat 1203 ) meM samApta kiyA thA / arthAt svayaMbhU vi0 sa0 734 ke bAda kisI samaya hue haiN| isI taraha jina saba lekhakoMne svayaMbhukA ullekha kiyA hai aura jinakA samaya ___ 1 raghuvaMza, kumArasaMbhava, zizupAlavadha, kirAtArjunIya aura bhtttti| koI koI bhaTTike badale zrIharSake naiSadhacaritako pA~ca mahAkAvyoMmeM ginate haiM / __ 2 naiSadhacaritake kartA zrIharSa nahIM kintu bANake AzrayadAtA samrATa harSa, jinake nAgAnanda, priyadazikA Adi nATaka-grantha prasiddha haiN| zrIharSo nipuNaH kaviH' Adi padya zrI harSake nAgAnandakA hI hai aura use svayaMbhuchandameM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| isI padyake -- nipuNa ' vizeSaNakA anukaraNa svayaMbhune 'siriharimeM NiyaNiuNattaNau ' padameM kiyA hai| naiSadhacaritake kartA zrIharSa svayaMbhuse aura puSpadantase bhI pIche hue haiN| puSpadantane bhI zrIharSa ( harSavarddhana ) kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| 3 dekho mA0 jai0 granthamAlAmeM prakAzita padmacaritakI bhUmikA /

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mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu jJAta hai, unameM sabase pahale mahAkavi puSpadanta haiN| puSpadantane apanA mahApurANa vi0 sa0 1016 (za0 sa0 881 ) meM prAraMbha kiyA thaa| ataeva svayaMbhuke samayakI uttara sImA vi0 sa0 1016 hai| arthAt ve 734 se 1016 ke bIca kisI samaya hue haiM / AcArya hemacandrane bhI apane chandonuzAsanameM svayaMbhukA ullekha kiyA hai jo vikramakI terahavIM sadIke prAraMbhameM hue haiN| parantu yaha lagabhaga tIna sau varSakA samaya bahuta lambA hai| hamArA khayAla hai ki svayaMbhu raviSeNase bahuta adhika bAda nahIM hue / ve harivaMzapurANakartA jinasenase kucha pahale hI hue hoNge| kyoMki jisa taraha unhoMne paumacariumeM raviSeNakA ullekha kiyA hai, usI taraha rihaNamicariumeM harivaMzake kartA jinasenakA bhI ullekha avazya kiyA hotA, yadi ve unase pahale ho gaye hote to| isI taraha AdipurANa-uttarapurANake kartA jinasena-guNabhadra bhI svayaMbhudevadvArA smaraNa kiye jAne cAhie the| yaha bAta nahIM jaMcatI ki vANa, zrIharSa, Adi ajaina kaviyoM kI to ve carcA karate aura jinasena Adiko chor3a dete / isase yahI anumAna hotA hai ki svayaMbhu donoM jinasenoMse kucha pahale ho cuke hoMge / harivaMzakI racanA vi0 sa0 840 (za0saM0 705) meM samApta huI thii| isalie 734 se 840 ke bIca svayaMbhudevakA samaya mAnA jA sakatA hai / parantu isakI puSTi ke lie abhI aura bhI pramANa cAhie / nIce donoM granthoM ke ve saba mahattvapUrNa aMza uddhRta kara diye jAte haiM jinake AdhArase kaviyoMkA yaha paricaya likhA gayA hai| 1 dekho, nirNayasAgara-presakI AvRtti patra 14, paM0 16 / /

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pariziSTa paumacariuke prAraMbhika aMza Namaha Nava-kamala-komala-maNahara-vara-bahala-kaMti-sohillaM / usahassa pAyakamalaM sasurAsuravaMdiyaM sirasA // 1 // caumaha-muhammi saddo datI bhadde ca maNaharo attho / viNi vi sayaMbhukavve kiM kIrai kaiyaNo seso // 2 // caumuhaevassa saddo sayaMbhupavassa maNaharA jIhA / bhaddassa ya goggahaNaM ajja vi kaiNo Na pAvaMti // 3 // jalakIlAe sayaMbhuM caumuha evaM ca goggahakahAe / bhahaM ca macchavahe aja vi kaiNo Na pAvati / / 4 / / tAvacci ya sacchaMdo bhamai avanbhaMsa-macca mAyaMgo / jAva Na sayaMbhu vAyaraNa-aMkuso paDai / / 5 // sacchadda-viyaDa-dADho chaMdAlaMkAra-Nahara-duppiccho / vAyaraNa-kesaraDDho sayaMbhu-paMcANaNo jayau // 6 // dIhara-samAsa-NAlaM sadda dalaM athakesaragghaviyA / buha-mahuyara-pIyarasaM saMyaMbhu-kavvuppalaM jayau // 7 // 1 maMgalAcaraNake isa padyake bAda aura dUsare padyake pahale sAMgAneravAlI pratimeM kavi IzAnazayanake saMskRta ( jinendrarudrASTaka'ke sAta padya diye haiN| eka zloka zAyada chUTa gayA hai| mAlUma nahIM, inakI yahA~ kyA jarUrata thii| 2 dUsarese chaTe takake paca pUnekI pratimeM nahIM hai, parantu sAMgAneravAlI pratimeM haiN| 3 sAMgAnerakI pratimeM 'daMtI sadaM c'| 4 * atthakesaruddhaviyaM ' pATha pUnekI pratimeM hai|

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mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu (2) vaDDhamANa-muha-kuhara-viNiggaya akkhara vAsa- jaloha-maNohara dIha- samAsa - pavAhAvaMkiya desIbhAsA-ubhaya-taDujala atthabaddala-kallolANiTThiya eha rAmakaha- sari sohaMtI pacchaI iMdabhUi - AyarieM puNu evahiM saMsArArAeM puNu raviseNAyAreya- pasAeM paDamiNi-jaNaNi- ganbhasaMbhUeM aitaraNa paIharaga ghattA - Nimmala - puNNa - pavitta-kaha- kittaNu ADhappai | jeNa samAtieNa thirakitti viDhappai || 2 || rAmakahANae eha kamAgaya / suyalaMkAra-chaMda-macchohara / sakkaya-pAyaya- puliNAlaMkiya / kavi-dukkara- ghaNa-sadda - silAyala | AsAsaya-sama-tUha-pariTThaya | hara-devahiM diTTha vatI / puNu dhammeNa guNAlaMkarieM / kittihareNa aNuttaravAeM / buddhie avagAhiya kairAeM / mAruyaeva rUva- aNurAeM / chivvara - NAseM pavirala-daMteM / vahayaNa sayaMbhu paraM viSNavai vAyara kayAviNa jANiyau u paccAhAraho tatti kiya u NisuNiu sattavihattiyAu chakkAraya dasa layAra Na suya Na balAbala dhAu - NivAya-gaNu u NisuNiu paMca mahAyakavvu Nau bujjhiu piMgala patthAru vavasAu tovi Nau parihara rAma 389 ( 3 ) maI sarisau aNu gatthi kukai / u vitti sutta vakkhANiyau / u saMdhi upari buddhi Thiya / chavvihau samAsa - pauttiyAu / vIsovasagga pacca pahuya / Nau liMgu uNAi caukku vayaNu / u bharahu Na lakkhaNu chaMdu sabbu / u bhammaha daMDiyalaMkAru / vari rayaDAvuttu kavvu karami / antima aMza tihuyaNa-sayaMbhu NavaraM ekko kaharAya - cakkiNuppaNNo / paumacariyassa cUDAmaNi vva sesa' kayaM jeNa // 1 // 1 sAMgAneravAlI pratimeM ' buddhii Niyai jaNiya karAeM' pATha ,, pATha / 3 sAMgAneravAlI pratimeM ' sese' / aNuNAhi ku 1 2 ukta pratimeM

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kairAyassa vijaya-sesiyassa vitthArio jaso bhuvaNe / tihuyaNa-sayaMbhuNA paumacariyaseseNa Nisseso // 2 // tihuyaNa-sayaMbhu-dhavalassa ko guNo vaNiu jae tarai / bAleNa vi jeNa sayabhukavvabhAro samuvbUDho // 3 // vAyaraNa-daDha-kkhaMdho aagm-aNgopmaann-viyddpo| tihuyaNa-sayaMbhu-dhavalo jiNatitthe vahau kavvabharaM' // 4 // caumuha-sayaMbhuevANa vaNiyatthaM acakkhamANeNa / tihuyaNa-sayaMbhu-raiyaM paMcami-cariyaM mahacchariyaM // 5 // savve vi suyA paMjara suya vva paDhiakkharAI sikkhaMti / kairAyassa suA suya vva suigabbha-saMbhUA // 6 // tihuyaNa-sayaMbhu jai Na huMtu gaMdaNo sirisayaMbhudevassa / kavvaM kulaM kavittaM to pacchA ko samuddharai / / 7 // jai Na huu chaMdacUDAmaNissa tihuyaNa-sayaMbhu lhutnnu| to paddhaDiyAkavvaM siripaMcami ko samAreu / / 8 / / savvo vi jaNo geNhai Niya tAya-viDhatta-vva-saMtANaM / tihuyaNa-sayaMbhuNA puNa gahiyaM NaM sukaitta-saMtANaM // 9 // tihuyaNa-sayaMbhumekaM mottUNa sayaMbhukavva-mayaraharo / ko taraha gaMtumaMtaM majjhe hissesa-sIsANaM // 10 // iya cAru pomacariyaM sayaMbhueveNa raiya sammattaM / tihuyaNa-sayaMbhuNA taM samANiyaM parisamattamiNaM // 11 // mAruya-suya-sirikairAya-taNaya-kaya-pomacariya avasesaM / saMpuSNaM saMpuNaM vaMdaio lahau saMpuNaM // 14 // goiMda-mayaNa suyaNaMta viraiyaM (?) vaMdaiya-paDhamataNayassa / vacchaladAe tihuyaNa-sayaMbhuNA raiyaM mahappayaM // 15 // vaMdaiya-NAga-siripAla-pahui-bhavvayaNa-samUhassa / Arogatta-samiddhI saMti suhaM hou savvassa // 16 // 1 sAMgAneravAlI pratimeM 1, 3 aura 4 ko kramase 88, 90 aura 89 vIM saMdhike prArambhameM bhI diyA hai / 2 'vANiyatthaM / '

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mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu 391 sattamahAsaggaMgI tirayaNabhUsA su rAmakaha-kaNNA / tihuyaNa-sayaMbhu jaNiyA pariNau vaMdaiya maNataNau // 17 // iya rAmAyaNapurANaM samattaM / 'siri-vijAhara-kaMDe saMdhIo huMti vIsaparimANaM / ujjhAkaMDaMmi tahA bAvIsa muNeha gaNaNAe / caiudaha suMdarakaMDe ekkAhiya vIsa jujjhakaMDe ya / uttarakaMDe teraha saMdhIo Navai savvAu // cha / paumacariukI sandhiyA~ 1 iya ittha paumacarie dhaNaMjayAsiya-sayaMbhuevakae jiNa-jammuppatti iyaM paDhamaM ciya sAhiyaM pavvaM // 2 jiNavaraNikkhamaNaM imaM bIyaM ciya sAhiyaM pavvaM // 14 jalakIlAe sayaMbhU caumuhaevaM ca goggahakahAe / bhadaM ca macchavahe ajavi kaiNo Na pAvaMti // 20 iya vijAharakaMDaM vIsahiM AsAsaehiM me sihaM / ehima ujjhAkaMDaM sAhijaM taM NisAmeha // dhuvarAyadhova (?) taiya bhuappaNattiNatIsuyANupADheNa / NAmeNa sAmiavvA sayaMbhughariNI mahAsattA / tIe lihAviyamiNaM vIsahiM AsAsaehiM paDibaddhaM / siri vijAharakaMDa kaMDa pi va kAmaevassa // 42 aujjhAkaMDaM samattaM / Aiccuevi paDimovamAe AicaMbiyAe / bIyau ujjhAkaMDaM sayaMbhughariNIe lehaviyaM // 78 jujjhakaMDaM samattaM // jyeSTha vadi 1 soma / 83 iya pomacariya-sese sayaMbhuravassa kahavi uvvrie| tihuyaNa-sayaMbhu-raiyaM samANayaM sIyadIva-pavvamiNaM / / vaMdaiAsiya-tihuyaNasayaMbhu-kai-kahiya pomacariyassa / sese bhuvaNapagAse teyAsImo imo saggo // kaharAyassa vijayasesiyassa vitthArio jaso bhuvaNe / tihuyaNasayaMbhuNA pomacAriyassa seseNa Nissese // 1-2 sAMgAnerakI pratimeM ye padya ' tihuvaNa sayaMbhuNavaraM ' Adi padyake pahale diye hai|

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392 jainasAhitya aura itihAra 84 iya paumacariyasese sayaMbhuevassa kahavi ubvarie / tihuyaNasayaMbhuraie sapariyaNa-halIsa-bhavakahaNaM // iya rAmaeva-carie vaMdaiAsiyasayaMbhusuya-raie / buhayaNa-maNa-suha-jaNaNo caurAsImo imo saggo / 85 vaMiAsiya-mahakai sayaMbhu-lahu-aMgajAya viNibaddho / siripomacariyaseso paMcAsImo imo saggo / / 90 iya pomacariyasese sayaMbhuevassa kahavi uvvarie / tihuyaNasayaMbhuraie rAhavaNivvANapavvAmiNaM / / vaMdaiAsiya-tihuyaNa-sayaMbhupariviraiyammi mahAkavve / pomacariyassa sese saMpuNNo Navaimo saggo / riDaNemicariukA prAraMbhika aMza siriparamAgama-NAlu sayala-kalA-komala-dalu / karahu vihUsaNu kaNNa jAyava-kuruva-kuluppalu // ciMtavai sayaMbhu kAi karammi harivaMsa-mahaNNau ke tarammi / guru-vayaNa-taraMDau laddu Navi jammaho vi Na joiu ko vi kavi // Nau NAiu bAhattari kalAu ekku vi Na gaMthu parimokkalAu / tahiM avasari sarasai dhIravai kari kavvu diNNa mai vimalamai / iMdeNa samappi u vAyaraNu rasu bharaheM vAseM vittharaNu / piMgaleNa chaMda-paya-patthAru bhammaha-daMDiNihiM alaMkAru / bANeNa samappiu ghaNaghaNau taM akkhara-DaMbaru appaNau / sirihariseM Niya Ni uNattaNau avarehiM mi kaihiM kaittaNau / chaMDaNiya-duvai-dhuvaehiM jaDiya caumuheNa samappiya paddhaDiya / jaNa-NayaNANaMda-jaNeriyae AsIsae savvahu keriyae / pAraMbhiya puNu harivaMsa-kahA sa-samaya-para-samaya-viyAra-sahA / pattA-pucchai mAgahaNAhu, bhavajaramaraNa-viyArA thiu jiNa-sAsaNu kema, kahi harivaMsa bhaDArA // 2 //

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mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu 393 antima aMza iha-bhAraha-purANu supasiddhau micariya-harivaMsAiddhau / vIrajigaseM bhaviyaho akkhiu pacchaI goyamasAmiNa rakkhiu / sohammeM puNu jaMbUsAmeM viNhukumAra diggayagAmeM / paMdimitta avarajiyaNAhe govaddhaNeNa subhddhvaaheN| ema paraMparAiM aNulaggau Ayariyaha muhAu Avaggau / suNi saMkhevasuttu avahAriu viuse sayaMbhe mahi vitthAriu / paddhaDiyA-chaMdeM sumaNoharu bhaviyaNa-jaNa-maNa-savaNa-suhaMkaru / jasaparisesikavihiM jaM suNNau te tihuvaNa-sayaMbhu kiu puNNa u / tAsu putte piu-bharaNivvAhiu piya-jasu Niya-jasu bhuvaNe pasAhiu ! gaya tihuyaNasayaMbhu suraThANaho jaM uvvariu ki pi suNiyANaho / taM jasakitti-muNihi uddhariyau Nievi suttu harivaMsacchariyau / Niya-guru-siri-guNakitti-pasAeM ki u paripuNNu maNaho aNurAeM / sarahaseNedaM (?) seThi-Aese kumara-Nayari Avi u saviseseM / govagirihe samIve visAlae paNiyArahe jiNavara-ceyAlae / sAvayajaNaho purau vakkhANi u diDa micchattu mohu avamANiu / jaM amuNaMteM iha maI sAhiu taM suyadevi khamau avarAhau / NaMdau sAsaNu sammaiNAhaho NaMda u bhaviyaNa kaya-ucchAhaho / NaMdaNa Naravai paya-pAlaMtaho NaMda u dayadhammu vi arahaMtaho / kAlaM vi ya Nicca parisakka u kAsu vi dhaNu kaNu diMtu Na thakkau / bhaddavamAsi viNAsiya-bhavakali huu paripuNNu cauddasi Nimmali / ghattA--iya cauviha saMghahaM, vihuNiya-vigghahaM, NiNNAsiya-bhava-jara-maraNu / jasakitti-payAsaNu, akhilaya-sAsaNu, payaDau saMti sayaMbhu jiNu // 17 // iya riTThaNemicarie dhavalaiyAsiya-sayaMbhueva-unvIrae / tihuvaNa-sayaMbhu-raie samANiyaM kaNhakittiharivaMsaM // 1 bambaIke ai0 pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavanakI pratimeM yaha eka caraNa aura Ageke tIna caraNa adhika haiM / isase sambandha ThIka baiTha jAtA hai / ye cAroM caraNa pUnekI aura pro0 hIrAlAlajIkI pratimeM nahIM hai / 2 bambaIkI pratimeM yaha aura AgekI paMkti nahIM hai|

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394 guru- pavva - vAsamayaM suyaNANANukkamaM jahAjAyaM / sayamikka duddaha-ahiyaM saMdhIo parisamattAo || saMdhi 112 // iti harivaMzapurANaM samAptaM / harivaMzakI sandhiyA~ 1 92 99 102 106 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa iya riTThaNemicarie dhavalaiyA yAsiya sayaMbhuevakae / paDhamo samuha vijayAhiseyaNAmo imo saggo || teraha jAivakaMDe kurukaMDekUNavIsa saMdhIo, tahasahi jujjhayakaMDe evaM vANaudi saMdhIo // 1 // somasuyarasa ya vAre taiyAdiyahammi phagguNe rikkhe, siuNAseNa ya joe samANiyaM jujjhakaDaM va // 2 // chavvarisAI timAsA eyArasavAsarA sayaMbhussa, vANaas - saMdhikaraNe volINo ittio kAlo // 3 // diyahAhivassavAre dasamIdiyahammi mUlaNakkhatte, eyArasamma caMde uttarakaMDaM samAdattaM // 4 // varaM tejasvino mRtyurna mAnaparikhaNDanaM / mRtyustatkSaNakaM duHkhaM mAnabhaMgo dine dine || 5 // iya riTThaNemicarie dhavalaiyAsiya sayaMbhu- kae kavirAjadhavalavinirmite zrI samavasaraNakathanaM nAma ninyANavo saMdhiH || kAUNa pomacariyaM suvvaya-cariyaM ca guNagaNappaviyaM / harivaMsa - mohaharaNe sarassaI suDhiya - deha vva // cha // iya riTThaNemicarie dhavalaiyAsiya sayaMbhuvaeva uvvarie / tihuvaNa-sayaMbhumahAkai- samANie samavasaraNaM NAma saumo saggo // ....sayaMbhu-uvvarie tihuvaNa- sayaMbhu- mahakai- samANie kaNha - mahila- bhavagahaNamiNaM // tihuveNo jai viNa hotu NaMdaNo sirisayaMbhuvassa / kavvaM kulaM kavittaM to pacchA ko samuddharai || iya. ghattA- - te ghaNNA sauNNA ke vi NarA pAliya-saMjuma pheDiya - dummai / iha bhave jasukinti pavittharivi huMti sayaMbhuvaNAhivai || . sayaMbhuviraie-NArAyaNa maraNa-pavvamiNaM // iya riTTha.. 1 yaha padya bambaIkI pratimeM yahA~para nahIM hai /

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mahAkavi svayaMbhu aura tribhuvana svayaMbhu 395 108 107 ghattA-saiMbhuyaeNa viDhattu dhaNu jima vilasijai saMta / tema suhAsuha-kammaDA a~jijahi NibhaMta // iya riha........... sayaMbhueva-uvvarie / tihuvaNasayaMbhu-raie samANiyaM soyabalabhadaM // piMyamAyasiMha virAiya mahivikkhAiya bhUsiya Niyajalakitti jaNi / jigadikkhahe kAraNe dukkhaNivAraNe deu sayaMbhuya dharevi maNi // iya riTTha............sayaMbhuevauvvarie / tihuyaNasayaMbhuraie halahara-dikkhAsamaM kahiyaM / / jarakumararaja-laMbho, paMDavagharavAsa-mohaparicAyaM / saya-adyAhiya saMdhI samANiyaM ettha varakaiNA / / 109 iya rihaNamipurANasaMgahe dhavalaiyAsiyakai sayaMbhueva-uvvarie tihuyaNa-sayaMbhuraie samANiyaM paMDusuyaho bhavaM Navohiya-sayaM saMdhI / / iha jasakiti-kaeNaM pavvasuddharaNa-rAya-ekkamaNaM / kairAyassuvariyaM payaDatthaM akkhiyaM jaiNA // 9 // te jIvaMti ya bhuvaNe sajaNa-guNa-gaNaharA ya bhAvatthA / para-kavva kulaM vittaM vihaDiyaM pi je samuddharahiM / / 2 // savvu suyaMgu NANu jiNa akkhiu, bhavvasahaMtari kiM pi Na rakkhiu / Niya-jasukitti tiloe payAsiu, jiha sayaMbhu jiNe ciru AhAsiu / iya riTaNemicarie dhavalaiyAsiya-sayaMbhueva uvvarie / tihuvaNa-sayaMbhukaiNA samANiyaM dahasayaM saggaM / / ekko sayaMbhuviuso taho putto NAma tihuyaNa-sayaMbhU / ko vaNNiuM samattho pi ubharaNivvahaNa-ekkamaNo // 1 // 111 ghattA-tetIsasahasavarise asaNaM giDaMti mANase succhaM / tettiya pakkhussAsaM jasakitti-vihUsiya-sarIre // cha / iya-rihaNemicarie dhavalaiyAsiya-sayabhueva uvvarie / tihuvaNa-sayaMbhuraie miNivvANaM paMDusuyatiNNaM // 110

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vAdirAjasUri paricaya aura kIrttana digambarasampradAya meM jo bar3e bar3e tArkika hue haiM, vAdirAjasUri unhIM meM se eka haiM / ve prameyakamalamArtaNDa nyAyakumudacandrAdike karttA prabhAcandrAcArya ke samakAlIna haiM aura unhIM ke samAna bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ke eka nyAya-granthake TIkAkAra bhI / tArkika hokara bhI ve uccakoTike kavi the aura isa dRSTise unakI tulanA somadevasUrise kI jA sakatI hai jinakI buddhirUpa gaUne jIvana-bhara zuSka tarkarUpa ghAsa khAkara kAvyadugdhase sahRdayajanoM ko tRpta kiyA thA / vAdirAja dramila yA drAvir3a saMgha ke the / isa saMgha meM bhI eka nandisaMgha thA, jisakI aruMgala zAkhA ke ye AcArya the / asaMgala kisI sthAna yA grAmakA nAma thA, jahA~ kI muniparamparA aruMgalAnvaya kahalAtI thI / SaTtarkaSaNmukha, syAdvAdavidyApati aura jagadekamallavAdi unakI upAdhiyA~ thIM / ekIbhAvastotrake antameM eka zloka hai jisakA artha hai ki sAre zAbdika ( vaiyAkaraNa ), tArkika aura bhavyasahAyaka vAdirAjase pIche haiM, arthAt unakI barAbarI koI nahIM kara sakatA / eka zilAlekha meM kahA hai ki sabhAmeM ve akalaMkadeva ( jaina ), dharmakIrti (bauddha), bRhaspati ( cArvAka ), aura gautama ( naiyAyika ) ke tulya haiM aura isa taraha ve ina judA judA dharmaguruoMke ekIbhUta 1 - dekho 'draviDa saMghameM bhI nandisaMgha / ' pR0 54 / 2 SaTtarkaSaNmukha syAdvAdavidyApatigalu jagadeva mallavAdigala enisida zrIvAdirAjadevarum / - mi0 0 rAisadvArA sampAdita nagara tAllukAke inskrapzansa naM0 36 3 vAdirAjamanu zAbdikaloko vAdirAjamanu tArkika siMhaH / vAdirAjamanu kAvyakRtaste vAdirAjamanu bhavyasahAyaH / -- ekIbhAvastotra

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vAdirAjasUri 1 pratinidhise jAna par3ate haiM 397 meliSeNa-prazasti meM unakI aura bhI adhika prazaMsA kI gaI hai aura unheM mahAna vAdI, vijetA aura kavi prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / ve zrIpAladeva ke praziSya, matisAgarake ziSya aura rUpasiddhi ( zAkaTAyana 1 sadasi yadakalaGkaH kIrtane dharmakIrtirvacasi surapurodhA nyAyavAde'kSapAdaH / iti samayagurUNAmekataH saMgatAnAM pratinidhiriva devo rAjate vAdirAjaH // - i0 naM0 39 2 yaha prazasti za0 saM0 1050 ( vi0 saM0 1985 ) kI utkIrNa kI huI hai / 3 trailokyadIpikA vANI dvAbhyAmevodagAdiha / jinarAjata ekasmAdekasmAdvAdirAjataH || 40 AruddhAmbaramindubimbaracitautsukyaM sadA yadyazazchatraM vAkcamarIjarAjirucayo'bhyarNe ca yatkarNayoH / sevyaH siMhasamayapIThavibhavaH sarva pravAdiprajA - dattoccairjayakArasAramahimA zrIvAdirAjo vidAm || 41 yadI guNagocaro'yaM vacanavilAsaprasaraH kavInAm -- zrImaccaulukyacakrezvara jaya kaTake vAgvadhUjanmabhUmau niSkANDaM DiNDimaH paryaTati paTuraTo vAdirAjasya jiSNoH / jayadvAdadarpo jahihi gamakatA garvabhUmA jahA hi, vyAhAreya jahIhi sphuTa - mRdu madhura - zravya kAvyAvalepaH // 42 pAtAle vyAlarAjeo vasati suviditaM yasya jihvA sahasraM, nirNantA svargato'sau na bhavati dhiSaNo vajrabhRgrasya ziSyaH / jIvitAntAvadetau nilaya balavazAdrAdinaH ke'tra nAnye, garva nirmucya sarva jayinamina - sabhe vAdirAjaM namanti // 43 vAgdevI suciraprayogasudRDhapremANamapyAdarAdAdatte mama pArzvato'yamadhunA zrIvAdirAjeo muniH / bho bho pazyata pazyataiSa yaminAM kiM dharma ityucca kaibrahmaNyaparAH purAtanamunervAgvRttayaH pAntu vaH // 44

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398 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vyAkaraNakI TIkA ) ke kartA dayAMpAla munike satIrtha yA gurubhAI the / vAdirAja yaha eka tarahakI padavI yA vizeSaNa hai jo adhika pracalita honeke kAraNa nAma hI bana gayA jAna par3atA hai parantu vAstava nAma kucha aura hI hogA, jisa taraha vAdIbhasiMhakA asala nAma ajitasena thaa| samakAlIna rAjA caulukyanareza jayasiMhadevakI rAjasabhAmeM inakA bar3A sammAna thA aura ye prakhyAta vAdI gine jAte the / malliSeNa-prazastike anusAra jayasiMhadvArA ye pUjita bhI the'siMhasamaya'pIThavibhavaH / ' jayasiMha ( prathama ) dakSiNake solaMkI vaMzake prasiddha mahArAjA the / pRthvIvallabha mahArAjAdhirAja, paramezvara, cAlukyacakrezvara, paramabhaTTAraka, jagadekamala Adi unakI upAdhiyA~ thiiN| inake rAjyakAlake tIsase Upara zilAlekha dAnapatra Adi mila cuke haiM jinameM pahalA lekha za0 saM0 938 kA hai aura antima za0 saM0 964 kA / ataeva kamase kama 938 se 964 taka to unakA rAjya-kAla nirvivAda hai / unake pauSa vadI dvitIyA za0 saM0 945 ke eka lekhameM unheM bhojarUpa kamalake lie candra, rAjedra cola ( parakesarI varmA ) rUpa hAthIke lie siMha, mAlavekI sammilita senAko parAjita karanevAlA aura cera-cola rAjAoMko daNDa denevAlA likhA hai| vAdirAjane apanA pArzvanAthacarita siMhacakrezvara yA caulukyacakravartI jayasiMhadevakI rAjadhAnI meM hI nivAsa karate hue za0 saM0 947 kI kArtika sudI 3 ko banAyA thaa| yaha jayasiMhakA hI rAjya-kAla hai / yaha rAjadhAnI lakSmIkA nivAsa thI aura sarasvatIdevI ( vAgvadhU) kI janmabhUmi thii| 1 hitaiSiNAM yasya nRNAmudAttavAcA nibaddhA hitruupsiddhiH| vanyo dayApAlamuniH sa vAcA siddhassatAmmUrddhani yaH prabhAvaiH // 38 // ma0pra. 2 sklbhuvnpaalaanmrmuukh'vvddhsphuritmukuttcuuddaaliiddh'paadaarvindaaH| madavadakhilavAdIbhendrakuMbhaprabhedI gaNabhRdajitaseno bhAti vAdIbhasiMhaH // 57 -ma0 pra0 3 vAdirAjakI eka padavI * jagadekamalla-vAdi' hai| kyA Azcarya jo usakA artha ' jagadekamalla ( jayasiMha ) kA vAdi' hI ho /

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vAdirAjasUri 399 yazodharacaritake tIsare sargake antima 85 veM padyameM aura cauthe sargake upAntya padyemeM kavine caturAIse mahArAjA jayasiMhakA ullekha kiyA hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki yazodharacaritakI racanA bhI jayasiMhake samayameM huI hai| rAjadhAnI cAlukya jayasiMhakI rAjadhAnI kahA~ thI, isakA abhI taka ThIka ThIka patA nahIM lagA hai| parantu pArzvanAtha-caritakI prazastike chaThe zlokase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha ' kaTTagerI' nAmaka sthAnameM hogI jA isa samaya madrAsa sadarna marAThA relavekI gadaga-hoTagI zAkhApara eka sAdhAraNa-sA gA~va hai aura jo badAmIse 12 mIla uttarakI ora hai / yaha purAnA zahara hai aura isake cAroM ora aba bhI zahara-panAhake cihna maujUda haiM / ukta zlokakA pUrvArddha mudrita pratimeM isa prakAra hai lakSmIvAse vasati kaTake kaTTagAtIrabhUmau, kAmAvAptipramada subhage siMhacakrezvarasya / isameM siMhacakrezvara arthAt jayasiMhadevakI rAjadhAnI ( kaTaka ) kA varNana hai jahA~ rahate hue granthakarttAne pArzvanAthacaritakI racanA kI thii| isameM rAjadhAnIkA nAma avazya honA cAhie; parantu ukta pAThase usakA patA nahIM cltaa| sirpha itanA mAlUma hotA hai ki vahA~ lakSmIkA nivAsa thA, aura vaha kaTTagAnadIke tIrakI bhUmipara thii| hamArA anumAna hai ki zuddha pATha ' kaTTagerIti bhUmau ' hogA, jo uttarabhAratake arddhadagdha lekhakoMkI kRpAse 'kaTTagAtIrabhUmau' bana gayA hai / unheM kyA patA ki 'kaTTagerI' jaisA ar3abar3a nAma bhI kisI rAjadhAnIkA ho sakatA hai ? __ jayasiMhake putra somezvara yA Ahavamalane ' kalyANa' nAmaka nagarI basAI au vahA~ apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kI / isakA ullekha vilhaNane apane 'vikramAMka devacarita' meM kiyA hai| kalyANakA nAma isake pahaleke kisI bhI zilAlekha yA tAmrapatrameM upalabdha nahIM huA hai, ataeva isake pahale caulukyoMkI rAjadhAna 1 vyAtanvajayasiMhatAM raNamukhe dIrgha dadhau dhAriNIm / 2 raNamukhajayasiMho rAjyalakSmI babhAra // 3 sarga 2 zloka 1 /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa ' kaTTagerI ' meM hI rahI hogI / isa sthAna meM cAlukya vikramAditya ( dvi0 ) kA I0 sa0 1098 kA kanar3I zilAlekha bhI milA hai jisase usakA cAlukyarAjya ke antargata honA spaSTa hotA hai / kaTTagA nAmakI koI nadI usa tarapha nahIM hai / 400 maThAdhIza pArzvanAthacArita kI prazasti meM vAdirAjasUrine apane dAdAguru zrI galadevako 'siMhapuraika mukhya' likhA hai aura nyAyavinizvayavivaraNakI prazasti meM apane Apako bhI 'siMhapurezvara ' likhA hai / ina donoM zabdoM kA artha yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki ve siMhapura nAmaka sthAnake svAmI the, arthAt siMhapura unheM jAgIra meM milA huA thA aura zAyada vahIM para unakA maTha thA | zravaNabelagolake 493 nambarake zilAlekha meM jo za0 saM0 1047 kA utkIrNa kiyA huA hai - vAdirAjakI hI ziSyaparamparA ke zrIpAla traividyadevako hoysala-nareza viSNuvarddhana porasaladevane jinamandiroM ke jIrNodvAra aura RSiyoMko AhAra-dAna ke hetu zalya nAmaka gA~vako dAna svarUpa dene kA varNana hai aura 495 nambarake zilAlekhameM-- jo za0 saM0 1122 ke lagabhagakA utkIrNa kiyA huA hai - likhA hai ki SaDdarzanake adhyetA zrIpAladeva ke svargavAsa honepara unake ziSya vAdirAja (dvitIya) ne 'paravAdimalla jinAlaya ' nAmakA mandira nirmANa karAyA aura usake pUjana tathA muniyoM ke AhAra dAna ke lie kucha bhUmikA dAna kiyA / ina saba bAtoMse sApha samajhameM AtA hai ki vAdirAjakI guru ziSyaparamparA maThAdhIzoM kI paramparA thI, jisameM dAna liyA bhI jAtA thA aura diyA bhI jAtA thA / ve svayaM jainamandira banavAte the, unakA jIrNodvAra karAte the aura anya muniyoMke AhAra dAna kI bhI vyavasthA karate the / unakA bhavya sahAya vizeSaNa bhI isI dAnarUpa sahAyatA kI ora saMketa karatA hai / isake sivAya ve rAjAoM ke darabAroM meM upasthita hote the aura vahA~ vAda-vivAda karake vAdiyoM para vijaya prApta karate the / ( devasenasUrike darzanasAra ke anusAra drAvir3asaMgha ke muni kaccha, kheta, vasati ( mandira ) aura vANijya karake jIvikA karate the aura zItala jalase snAna 1 isa muniparamparAmeM vAdirAja aura zrI pAladeva nAmake kaI AcArya ho gaye haiM / ye vAdirAja dUsare haiM / ye gaMganareza rAcamalla caturtha yA satyavAkya ke guru the / I

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vAdirAjasUri 401 karate the / mandira banAnekI bAta to Upara A cukI hai, rahI khetI-bArI, so jaba jAgIrI thI taba vaha hotI hI hogI aura AnuSaGgika rUpase vANijya bhI / isI lie zAyada darzanasArameM drAviDasaMghako jainAbhAsa kahA gayA hai / kuSTharogakI kathA vAdirAjasUrike viSayameM eka camatkArakAriNI kathA pracalita hai ki unheM kuSTharoga ho gayA thA / eka bAra rAjAke darabArameM isakI carcA huI to unake eka ananya bhaktane apane guruke apavAdake bhayase jhUTha hI kaha diyA ki " unheM koI roga nahIM hai / " isapara bahasa chir3a gaI aura Akhira rAjAne kahA ki "maiM svayaM isakI jA~ca kruuNgaa|" bhakta ghabar3AyA huA gurujIke pAsa gayA aura bolA "merI lAja aba Apake hI hAtha hai, maiM to kaha aayaa|" isapara gurujIne dilAsA dI aura kahA, "dharmake prasAdase saba ThIka hogA, cintA mata kro|" isake bAda unhoMne ekIbhAvastotrakI racanA kI aura usake prabhAvase unakA kuSTha dUra ho gyaa| ekIbhAvakI candrakIrti bhaTTArakakRta saMskRta TIkAmeM yaha pUrI kathA to nahIM dI hai parantu cauthe zlokakI TIkA karate hue likhA hai ki " mere antaHkaraNameM jaba Apa pratiSThita haiM taba merA yaha kuSTharogAkrAnta zarIra yadi suvarNa ho jAya to kyA Azcarya hai' ?" arthAt candrakIrtijI ukta kathAse paricita the / parantu jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM yaha kathA bahuta purAnI nahIM hai aura una logoMdvArA gar3hI gaI hai jo aise camatkAroMse hI AcAryoM aura bhaTTArakoMkI pratiSThAkA mApa kiyA karate the / amAvasake dina pUnoMke candramAkA udaya kara denA, cavAlIsa yA ar3atAlIsa ber3iyoMko tor3akara kaida se bAhara nikala AnA, sA~pake kATe hue putrakA jIvita ho jAnA Adi, isa tarahakI aura bhI aneka camatkArapUrNa kathAyeM pichale bhaTTArakoMkI gar3hI huI pracalita haiM jo asaMbhava aura aprAkRtika to haiM hI, jainamuniyoke caritrako aura unake vAstavika mahattvako bhI nIce girAtI haiN| yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki sacce muni apane bhakta ke bhI mithyAbhASaNakA samarthana nahIM karate aura na apane rogako chupAnekI hI koziza karate haiM / yadi yaha ghaTanA satya hotI to malliSeNaprazasti (za 0 saM0 1050) tathA dasare 1 he jina, mama svAntagehaM mamAntaHkaraNamandiraM tvaM pratiSThaH san yata idaM madIyaM kuSTharogAkrAntaM vapuH zarIraM suvarNI karoSi, tatki citraM tatkimAzcarya na kimapi AzcaryamityarthaH /

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402 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zilAlekhoMmeM jinameM vAdirAjasUrikI behada prazaMsA kI gaI hai, isakA ullekha avazya hotA / parantu jAna par3atA hai taba taka isa kathAkA avirbhAva hI na huA thaa| ___ isake sivAya ekIbhAvake jisa cauthe padyakA Azraya lekara yaha kathA gar3hI gaI hai, usameM aisI koI bAta hI nahIM hai jisase ukta ghaTanAkI kalpanA kI jAya / usameM kahA hai ki jaba svargalokase mAtAke garbhameM Aneke pahale hI Apane pRthvImaMDalako suvarNamaya kara diyA thA, taba dhyAnake dvArA mere antarameM praveza karake yadi Apa mere isa zarIrako suvarNamaya kara deM to koI Azcarya nahIM hai / yaha eka bhakta kavikI sundara aura anUThI utprekSA hai, jisameM vaha apaneko karmokI malinatAse rahita suvarNa yA ujjvala banAnA cAhatA hai / Age 5, 6, 7 veM padyoMmeM bhI isI tarahake bhAva haiM : jaba Apa merI cittazayyApara vizrAma kareMge, to mere klezoMko kaise sahana kareMge? ApakI syAdvAda-vApikAmeM snAna karanese mere duHkha-santApa kyoM na dUra hoMge ? jaba Apake caraNa rakhanese tInoM loka pavitra ho jAte haiM taba sarvAMga rUpase Apako sparza karanevAlA merA mana kyoM kalyANabhAgI na hogA ? Adi / __ samrATa harSavardhanake samayake mayUra kavike viSayameM bhI jo mahAkavi vANake sasura aura sUryazataka nAmaka stotrake kartA haiM eka aisI hI kathA prasiddha hai| mammaTakRta kAvyaprakAzake TIkAkAra jayarAmane likhA hai ki mayUra kavi sauzlokoMse sUryakA stavana karake kuSTha rogase mukta ho gayA / sudhAsAgara nAmake dUsare TIkAkArane likhA hai ki mayUra kavi yaha nizcaya karake ki yA to kuSThase mukta ho jAU~gA yA prANa hI chor3a dUMgA haradvAra gayA aura gagA-taTake eka bahuta U~ce jhAr3akI zAkhApara sau rassiyoMvAle chIMkameM baiTha gayA aura sUryadevakI stuti karane lgaa| eka eka padyako kahakara vaha chIMkekI eka eka rassI kATatA jAtA thaa| isa taraha karate karate sUryadeva santuSTa hue aura unhoMne usakA zarIra usI samaya niroga aura sundara kara diyaa| kAvyaprakAzake tIsare TIkAkAra jagannAthane bhI lagabhaga yahI bAta 1 " mayUranAmA kaviH zatazlophena AdityaM stutvA kuSThAnistIrNaH iti prsiddhiH|| 2 purA kila mayUrazarmA kuSThI kaviH klezamasahiSNuH sUryaprasAdena kuSThAnnistararAmi prANAnvA tyajAmi iti nizcitya haridvAraM gatvA gaMgAtaTe atyuccazAkhAvalambI zatarajjuzikyaM adhirUDhaH sUryamastaudhIta / akaroccaikekapadyAnte ekaikarajjuvicchedaM / evaM kriyamANe kAvyatuSTo ravi sadya eva nirogAM ramaNIyAM ca tattanuM akArSIta / prasiddhaM tanmayUrazatakaM sUryazatakAparaparyAyamiti / "

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vAdirAjasUri 403 kahI hai| hamArA anumAna hai ki isI sUryazataka-stavanakI kathAke anukaraNapara vAdirAjasUrike ekIbhAvastotrakI kathA gar3hI gaI hai| hinduoMke devatA to 'kartumaka manyathAkartuM samartha' hote haiM, isa lie unake viSayameM isa tarahakI kathAyeM kucha artha bhI rakhatI haiM parantu jinabhagavAn na to stutiyoMse prasanna hote haiM aura na unameM yaha sAmarthya hai ki kisIke bhayaMkara rogako bAtakI bAtameM dUra kara deM / ataeva jainadharmake vizvAsoMke sAtha isa tarahakI kathAoMkA koI sAmaJjasya nahIM baiThatA / grantha-racanA vAdirAjasUrike abhI taka nIce likhe pA~ca grantha upalabdha hue haiM 1 pArzvanAthacarita - yaha eka 12 sargakA mahAkAvya hai aura mANikacandrajaina-granthamAlAmeM prakAzita ho cukA hai / isakI bahuta hI sundara sarasa aura prauDha racanA hai / 'pArzvanAthakAkutsthacarita' nAmase bhI isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 2 yazodharacarita-yaha eka cAra sargakA choTA-sA khaNDakAvya hai jisameM saba milAkara 296 padya haiM / ise taMjaurake sva0 TI0 esa0 kuppUsvAmI zAstrIne bahuta samaya pahale prakAzita kiyA thA jo aba anupalabhya hai| isakI racanA pArzvanAthacaritake bAda huI thii| kyoMki isameM unhoMne apaneko pArzvanAthacaritakA kartA batalAyA hai| 3 ekIbhAvastotra-yaha eka choTA-sA 25 padyoMkA atizaya sundara stotra hai aura 'ekIbhAvaM gata iva mayA' se prAraMbha hone ke kAraNa ekIbhAva nAmase prasiddha hai| 4 nyAyavinazcayavivaraNa-yaha bhaTTAkalaMkadevake ' nyAyavinazcaya' kA bhASya hai aura jainanyAyake prasiddha granthoM meM isakI gaNanA hai / isakI zlokasaMkhyA 20,000 hai / abhI taka yaha prakAzita nahIM huA hai| 1 zrImanmayUrabhaTTaH pUrvajanmaduSTahetukagalitakuSThajuSTo ... ityAdi / 2 zrIpArzvanAthakAkutsthacaritaM yena kIrtitam / tena zrIvAdirAjena dRbdhA yAzodharI kathA // 5-yazodharacarita, parva 1 pahale maiMne bhUlase ' zrIpArzvanAthakAkutsthacaritaM ' padase pArvanAthacarita aura kAkutstha. carita nAmake do grantha samajha liye the / merI isa bhUlako mere bAdake lekhakoMne bhI duharAyA hai / parantu ye do grantha hote to dvivacanAntapada honA cAhie thA, jo nahIM hai / 'kAkutstha' pArzvanAthake vaMzakA paricAyaka hai|

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404 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 5pramANanirNaya-pramANazAstrakA yaha eka choTA-sA svataMtra grantha hai jisameM pramANa, pratyakSa, parokSa aura Agama nAmake cAra adhyAya haiM / mANikacandra jainagranthamAlAmeM prakAzita ho cukA hai / adhyAtmASTaka-yaha bhI eka choTA-sA ATha padyoMkA grantha hai aura mANikacanda granthamAlAmeM prakAzita ho cukA hai| para yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki isake karttA ye hI vAdirAja haiM / trailokyadIpikA nAmakA grantha bhI vAdirAjasU rikA honA cAhie jisakA saMketa Upara TippaNImeM uddhRta kiye hue 'trailokyadIpikA vANI' Adi padyameM milatA hai| sva0 seTha mANikacandajIne apane yahA~ke grantha-saMgrahakI prazastiyoMkA jo rajisTara banavAyA thA usase mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta saMgrahameM trailokyadIpikA' nAmakA eka apUrNa grantha hai jisameM Adike dasa aura antake 58 veM patrase Ageke patra nahIM haiN| saMbhava hai, yaha vAdirAjasUrikI hI racanA hA / ise karaNAnuyogakA grantha likhA hai / pArzvanAthacaritakI prazasti zrIjainasArasvatapuNyatIrthanityAvagAhAmalabuddhisattvaiH / prasiddhabhAgI munipuMgavendraiH zrInandisagho'sti nivahitAMhAH // 1 // tasminnabhUdudyatasaMyamazrIstravidyavidyAdharagItakIrtiH / sUriH svayaM siMhapuraikamukhyaH zrIpAladevo nayavartmazAlI // 2 // tasyAbhavadbhavyasaroruhANAM tamopaho nityamahodayazrIH / niSedhadurmArganayaprabhAvaH ziSyottamaH zrImatisAgarAkhyaH // 3 // tatpAdapadmabhramareNa bhUnA nizreyasazrIratilAlupena / zrIvAdarAjena kathA nibaddhA jainI svabuddhe yamanirdayApi // 4 // zAkAbde nagavArdhirandhragaNane saMvatsare krodhane, mAse kArtikanAmni buddhimahite zuddha tRtIyAdine / siMhe pAti jayAdike vasumatI jainI katheyaM mayA, niSpattiM gamitA satI bhavatu vaH kalyANaniSpattaye // 5 // lakSmIvAse vasatikaTake kaTTagAtIrabhUmau kAmAvAptipramadasubhage siMhacakrezvarasya / niSpanno'yaM navarasasudhAsyandasindhuprabaMdho jIyAduccairjinapatibhavaprakramaikAntapuNyaH // 6 //

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vAdirAjasari 405 anyazrIjinadevajanmavibhavavyAvarNanAhAriNaH zrotA yaH prasaratpramodasubhago vyAkhyAnakArI ca yH| so'yaM muktivadhUnisargasubhago jAyeta kiM caikazaH sargAtte'pyupayAti vAGmayalasallakSmIpadazrIpadam // 7 // samAptamidaM pArzvanAthacantim / nyAyavinizcayavivaraNakI prazasti zrImannyAyavinizcayastanubhRtAM cetodagurvInalaH sanmArga pratibodhayannapi...niHzreyasaprApaNam / yenAyaM jagadekavatsaladhiyA lokottaraM nirmito devastArkikalokamastakamaNibhUyAtsa vaH zreyase // 1 // vidyAnandamanantavIryasukhadaM zrIpUjyapAdaM dayApAlaM sanmatisAgaraM kanakasenArAdhyamabhyudyamI / zuddhayannItinarendrasenamakalaMkaM vAdirAjaM sadA, zrImatsvAmisamantabhadramatulaM vaMde jinendraM mudA // 2 // bhUyo bhedanayAvagAhagahanaM devasya yadvAGmayaM kastadvistarato vivicya vadituM mandaprabhurmAdRzaH / sthUlaH ko'pi na yastaduktiviSayo vyaktIkRto'yaM mayA stheyAccetasi dhImatAM matimalaprakSAlanaikakSamaH // 3 // vyAkhyAnaratnamAleyaM prsphurnnydiidhitiH| kriyatAM hRdi vidvadbhistudaMtI mAnasaM tamaH // 4 zrImatsihamahIpateH pariSadi prakhyAtavAdonnatistarkanyAyatamopahodayagiriH sArasvataH shriinidhiH| ziSyazrImatisAgarasya viduSAM patyustapaH zrIbhRtAM bhartuH siMhapurezvaro vijayate syAdvAdavidyApatiH // 5 // iti syAdvAdavidyApativiracitAyAM nyAyavinazcayatAtparyAvadyotinyAM vyAkhyAnaratnamAlAyAM tRtIyaH prastAvaH samAptaH / samAptaM ca zAstramidaM /

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zrutasAgarasUri ye mUla saMgha, sarasvatI gaccha, balAtkAra gaNameM hue haiM aura inake gurukA nAma vidyAnandi thA / vidyAnandi devendrakIrtike aura devendrakIrti padmanandike ziSya aura uttarAdhikArI the / vidyAnandike bAda mallibhUSaNa aura unake bAda lakSmIcandra bhaTTAraka-padapara AsIna hue the / zrutasAgara zAyada gaddIpara baiThe hI nahIM, phira bhI ve bhArI vidvAn the / mallibhUSaNako unhoMne apanA guru bhAI likhA hai / vidyAnandikA bhaTTAraka-paTTa gujarAtameM hI kisI sthAnapara thA, parantu kahA~para thA, isakA ullekha nahIM milaa| zrutasAgarake bhI aneka ziSya hoMge jinameM eka ziSya zrIcandra the jinakI banAI huI vairAgyamaNimAlA upalabdha hai / ArAdhanAkathAkoza, nemipurANa Adi granthoke kartA brahma nemidattane bhI jo malibhUSaNake ziSya the-zrutasAgarako gurubhAvase smaraNa kiyA hai aura mallibhUSaNakI vahI guruparamparA dI hai jo zrutasAgarake granthoM meM milatI hai / unhoMne siMhanandikA bhI ullekha kiyA hai jo mAlavAkI gaddIke bhaTTAraka the aura jinakI prArthanAse zrutasAgarane yazastilakakI TIkA likhI thii| zrutasAgarane apaneko kalikAlasarvajJa, kalikAlagautama, ubhayabhASAkavicakravartI, vyAkaraNakamalamArtaNDa, tArkikaziromaNi, paramAgamapravINa, navanavatimahAmahAvAdivijetA, Adi vizeSaNoMse alaMkRta kiyA hai / ye vizeSaNa unakI ahammanyatAko khUba acchI taraha prakaTa karate haiM / ve kaTTara to the hI, asahiSNu bhI bahuta jyAdA the| anya matoMkA khaNDana aura virodha to auroMne bhI kiyA hai, parantu inhoMne to khaNDanake sAtha burI taraha gAliyA~ 1ye padmanandi vahI mAlUma hote haiM jinake viSayameM kahA jAtA hai ki girinArapara sarasvatI devIse unhoMne kahalA diyA thA ki digambara pantha hI saccA hai| inhIMkI eka ziSyazAkhAmeM makalakIrti, bhuvanakIrti, vijayakIrti aura zubhacaMdra bhaTTAraka hue haiN|

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zrutasAgarasUri bhI dI haiM / sabase jyAdA AkramaNa inhoMne mUrtipUjA na karanevAle loMkAgaccha ( DhU~r3hiyoM ) para kiyA hai / z2arUrata gairajarUrata jahA~ bhI inakI icchA huI hai, ye unapara TUTa par3e haiM / isake lie unhoMne prasaMgakI bhI paravA nahIM kI / udAharaNa ke taurapara hama unakI SaTpAhuiTIkAko peza kara sakate haiM / SaTpAhur3a bhagavatkundakundakA grantha hai jo eka paramasahiSNu, zAntipriya aura AdhyAmika vicAraka the| unake granthoMmeM isa tarahake prasaMga prAya: hai hI nahIM ki unakI TIkA meM dUsaropara AkramaNa kiye jA sakeM / parantu jo pahale se hI bharA baiThA ho, vaha to koI na koI bahAnA DhU~Dha hI letA hai / darzana - pAhur3akI maMgalAcaraNa ke bAdakI pahalI hI gAthA hai 1 daMsaNamUlo dhammo uvaiTTo jiNavareMhiM sissANaM / taM sAUNa sakaNNe daMsaNahINo Na vaMdivvo // 407 isakA sIdhA artha yaha hai ki jinadevane ziSyoM ko upadeza diyA hai ki dharma darzanamUlaka hai, isalie jo samyagdarzanase rahita hai usakI vaMdanA nahIM karanI cAhie / arthAt caritra tabhI vandanIya hai jaba vaha samyagdarzanase yukta ho / isa sarvathA nirupadrava gAthAkI TIkA meM kalikAlasarvajJa sthAnakavAsiyoMpara burI taraha barasa par3ate haiM aura kahate haiM, derzanahIna kauna haiM ? jo tIrthakara pratibhA nahIM mAnate, use puSpAdise nahIM pUjate / jo kahate hai vratoM kI kyA jarUrata hai, AtmAkA hI poSaNa karanA cAhie, use dukha na denA cAhie / mayUrakI picchi sundara nahIM hotI, sUtakI sundara hotI hai, zAsanadevoMko na pUjanA cAhie, AtmA hI deva hai, dUsarA koI nhiiN| vIra bhagavAnake bAda tIna nahIM ATha kevalI hue haiM, mahApurANAdi 1 ko'sau darzanahIna iti cet tIrthaMkaraparamadevapratimAM na mAnayanti, na puSpAdinA pUjayanti / ... mithyAdRSTayaH kila vadanti vrataiH ki prayojanaM, Atmaiva poSaNIyaH, tasya duHkhaM na dAtavyaM / mayUrapicchaM kila ruciraM na bhavanti, sUtrapicchaM ruciraM / ... . zAsanadevatA na pUjanIyAH Atmaiva devo vartate, aparaH kopi devo nAsti / vIrAdanantaraM kila ke vAlino'STa jAtA na tu trayaH, mahApurANAdikaM kila vikathA ityAdi ye utsUtraM manvate te mithyAdRSTayaH cAvakAH nAstikA / yadi jinasUtramulaMghate tadA''stikairyuktivacanena niSedhanIyAH / tathApi yadi kadAgrahaM na muJcanti tadA samarthairAstikairupAnadbhiH guthaliptAbhirmukhe tADanIyAH tatra pApaM nAsti /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vikathA haiM / parantu aisA kahanevAle mithyAdRSTi cArvAka nAstika haiM / jaba ye jinasUtrakA ullaMghana kareM taba AstikoMko cAhie ki yuktiyukta vacanoMse unakA niSedha kareM / phira bhI yadi ve kadAgraha na chor3eM to samartha Astika unake mu~hapara viSThA se lipaTe hue jUte mAreM, isameM jarA bhI pApa nahIM ! isake Age cauthI gAthAkI TIkA meM bhI kalikAla gautama vinA prasaMgake hI kahate haiM ki jina-vacanoMko mAnanerUpa ArAdhanA se rahita pApI loMkA panthake anuyAyI narakAdi durgatiyoM meM bhramaNa karate haiM aura kadApi mokSa nahIM pAte / isI taraha chaTThI gAthAkI TIkA meM bhI unheM narakagAmI batalAyA hai / 408 adhikatara TIkA grantha hI zrutasAgarajIne race haiM, parantu una TIkAoM meM mUlagraMthakartAke abhiprAyoMkI apekSA unhoMne apane abhiprAyoMko hI pradhAnatA dI hai / darzanapAhur3akI 24 vIM gAthAkI TIkA meM unhoMne jo apavAdaveSakI vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha yahI batalAtI hai / ve kahate haiM ki digambara muni caryA ke samaya caTAI Adi se apane nagnatvako Dha~ka letA hai / parantu yaha unakA khudakA hI abhiprAya hai, mUlakA nahIM / isI taraha tattvArtha- TIkA ( saMyamazrutapratisevanAdi sUtra kI TIkA ) meM jo dravya - liMgI muniko kambalAdi grahaNakA vidhAna kiyA hai, vaha bhI unhIMkA abhiprAya hai, mUla graMthakartAkA nahIM / 4 grantha-racanA 1 - yazastilakacandrikA - AcArya somadeva ke prasiddha yazastilaka campUkI yaha TIkA hai aura nirNayasAgara presakI kAvyamAlA meM prakAzita ho cukI hai / yaha apUrNa hai / pA~caveM AzvAsake thor3e se aMzakI aura chaThe azvAsakI TIkA nahIM hai / jAna par3atA hai, yahI unakI antima racanA hai / isakI pratiyA~ anya aneka bhaMDAroMmeM upalabdha haiM parantu sabhI apUrNa haiM | I - 2 - tattvArthavRtti - yaha zrutasAgarI TIkAke nAmase adhika prasiddha hai / isakI eka prati bambaI ke e0 pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavana meM maujUda hai jo vi0 saM0 1 ' ArAhaNA virahiyA ' jinavacanamAnanalakSaNAmArAdhanAmakurvANA lauMkAH pAtakinaH tatraiva tatraiva narakAdiSveva durgatiSu bhrAmyanti na kadAcidapi mokSaM labhante ityarthaH / 2 mUlasaMdhe paramadigambarA mokSaM prApnuvanti laukAstu narakAdau patanti / 3-4 dekho pRSTha 363-64 ke TippaNa /

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zrutasAgarasUri 1842 kI likhI huI hai / zloka saMkhyA nauhajAra hai / yaha abhI taka prakAzita nahIM huI / isakI eka bhASAvacanikA bhI ho cukI hai / 409 3 tattvatrayaprakAzikA - zrIzubhacandrAcArya ke jJAnArNava yA yogapradIpake antargata jo gadyabhAga hai, yaha usIkI TIkA hai / isakI eka prati sva0 seTha mANikacandrajIke grantha- saMgraha meM hai / 4 - jinasahasranAma TIkA - yaha paM0 AzAdharakRta sahasranAmakI vistRta TIkA hai / isakI bhI eka prati ukta seThajIke granthasaMgraha meM hai / paM0 AzA dharane apane sahasranAmakI svayaM bhI eka TIkA likhI thI jo upalabdha hai / 1 5 - audAryacintAmaNi - yaha prAkRta vyAkaraNa hai aura hemacandra tathA trivikramake vyAkaraNoMse bar3A hai / isakI prati bambaI ke e0 pannAlAla sarasvatIbhavanameM hai (468 ka ), jisakI patrasaMkhyA 56 hai / yaha svopajJavRttiyukta hai / 6- mahAbhiSeka- TIkA - paM0 AzAdharake nityamahodyotakI yaha TIkA hai / yaha usa samaya banAI gaI hai jaba ki zrutasAgara dezavratI yA brahmacArI the / 7- vratakathAkoza- isameM AkAzapaMcamI, mukuTasaptamI, candanaSaSThI, aSTAkA Adi vrata kI kathAyeM haiM / isakI bhI eka prati bambaI ke sarasvatI bhavana meM hai aura yaha bhI unakI dezavratI yA brahmacArI avasthAkI racanA hai / - zrutaskandhapUjA - yaha choTIsI nau patroMkI pustaka hai / isakI bhI eka prati yahA~ke sarasvatI - bhavana meM hai / inake sivAya zrutasAgara ke aura bhI kaI granthoM ke nAma granthasUniyoM meM milate haiM 'parantu unake viSayameM jaba taka ve dekha na liye jAya~, nizcayapUrvaka kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / samaya- vicAra inhoMne apane kisI bhI granthameM racanAkA samaya nahIM diyA hai parantu yaha prAyaH nizcita hai ki ye vikramakI 16 vIM zatAbdi meM hue haiN| kyoMki 1 - mahAbhiSekaTIkA kI jisa pratikI prazasti Age dI gaI hai vaha vi0 saM0 1582 kI likhI huI hai aura vaha bhaTTAraka malibhUSaNa ke uttarAdhikArI lakSmIcandra ke ziSya brahmacArI jJAnasAgarake par3hane ke lie dAna kI gaI hai aura ina lakSmIcandrakA ullekha zrutasAgarane svayaM apane TIkA- granthoMmeM kaI jagaha kiyA hai /

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410 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 2-0 nemidattane zrIpAlacaritrakI racanA vi0 saM0 1585 meM kI thI aura ve mallibhUSaNake ziSya the / ArAdhanA-kathAkozakI prazastimeM unhone malibhUSaNakA guru rUpameM' ullekha kiyA hai aura sAtha hI zrutasAgarakA bhI jayakAra kiyoM hai, arthAt kathAkozakI racanAke samaya zrutasAgara maujUda the| 3-sva0 bAbA dulIcandajIkI saM0 1954 meM likhI gaI grantha-sUcImeM zrutasAgarakA samaya vi . saM0 1550 likhA huA hai / __4-SaTprAbhRtaTIkAmeM loMkAgacchapara tIvra AkramaNa kiye gaye haiM aura kahA jAtA hai ki yaha gaccha vi0 saM0 1530 ke lagabhaga sthApita huA thA / ataeva usase ye kucha samaya pIche hI hue hoNge| saMbhava hai, ye lokAzAhake samakAlIna hI ho / grantha-prazastiyA~ (1) zrIvidyAnandigurorbuddhiguroH pAdapaMkajabhramaraH / zrIzrutasAgara iti dezavratI tilakaSTIkatesmedam // iti brahmazrIzrutasAgarakRtA mahAbhiSekaTIkA smaaptaa| saMvat 1582 varSe caitramAse zuklapakSe paMcamyAM tithau ravau zrIAdijinacaityAlaye zrImUlasaMgha sarasvata gacche balAtkAragaNe zrIkundakundAcAryAnvaye bhaTTArakazrIpadmanandidevAstatpaTTe bhaTTAraka zrIdevendrakIrtidevAstatpaTTe bhaTTArakazrIvidyAnandidevAstatpaTTe bhaTTArakazrImAlabhUSaNadevAstatpaTTe bhaTTArakazrIlakSmIcandradevAsteSAM ziSyavarabrahmazrIjJAnasAgarapaThanArthe AryA zrIvimalazrI celI bhaTTArakazrIlakSmIcandradIkSitA vinayazriyA svayaM likhitvA pradattaM mahAbhiSekabhASyaM / zubhaM bhavatu / kalyANaM bhUyAt / zrIrastu / -AzAdharakRtamahAbhiSekakI TIkA iti zrIpadmanandi-devendrakIrti-vidyAnandi-malibhUSaNAmnAyena bhaTTArakazrImallibhUSaNaguruparamAmISTagurubhrAtrA gurjaradezasiMhAsanabhaTTArakazrIlakSmIcandrakAbhimatena mAlavadezabhaTTArakazrIsiMhanandiprArthanayA yatizrIsiddhAntasAgaravyAkhyAkRtinimittaM navanavatimahA 1 zrIbhaTTArakamAlibhUSaNagururbhUyAtsatA zarmaNe / / 69 2 jIyAnme sUrivoM vratanicayalasatpuNyapaNyaH zrutAbdhiH // 71 3 sva0 seTha mANikacandajI jauharIke bhaMDArakI prati /

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zrutasAgarasUri 411 mahAvAdisyAdvAdalabdhavijayena tarka-vyAkaraNa-chandolaMkAra-siddhAntasAhityAdizAstranipuNamatinA prAkRtavyAkaraNAdyanekazAstracaMcunA sUri zrIzrutasAgareNa viracitAyAM yazastilakacandrikAbhidhAnAyAM yazodharamahArAjacaritacampumahAkAvyaTIkAyAM yazodharamahArAjarAjalakSmIvinoda-varNanaM nAma tRtIyAzvAsacandrikA parisamAptA / -yazastilakaTIkA zrIpadmanandiparamAtmaparaH pavitro devendrakItiratha saadhujnaabhivndyH| vidyAdinandivarasU riranalpabodhaH zrImallibhUSaNa ito stu ca maMgalaM me / ada: paTTe bhaTTAdikamataghaTAghaTTanapaTuH ghaTaddharmadhyAnaH sphuttprmbhttttaarkpdH| prabhApuMjaH saMyadvijitavaravIrasmaranaraH sudhI lakSmIcandrazcaraNacaturo'sau vijayate // 3 AlaMbanaM suviduSAM hRdayAmbujAnAM AnandanaM munijanasya vimuktihetoH / saTTIkanaM vividhazAstravicAracArucetazcamatkRtikRtaM zrutasAgareNa / / 4 zrutasAgarakRtivaravacanAmRtapAnamatra yairvihitaM / janmajarAmaraNaharaM nirantaraM te zivaM labdhaM / / 5 asti svasti samastasaMghatilakaM zrImUlasaMgho'nagha, vRttaM yatra mumukSuvargazivadaM saMsevitaM sAdhubhiH / vidyAnandigurustvihAsti guNavadgacche giraH sAmprataM tacchiSyaH zrutasAgareNa racitA TIkA ciraM nandatu // 6 iti sUrizrIzrusAgaraviracitAyAM jinanAmasahasraTIkAyAmantakRcchatavivaraNo nAmaH dazamodhyAyaH // 10 // zrIvidyAnandigurubhyo namaH / -jinasahasranAmaTIkA (4) AcAyairiha zuddhatattvamatibhiH zrIsiMhandyAhayaiH samprArthya zrutasAgaraM ( rAM) kR (ki) tavaraM bhASyaM zubhaM kAritaM / gadyAnAM guNavatpriyaM vinayato jJAnArNavasyAntare vidyAnandiguruprasAdajanitaM deyAdameyaM sukham / / iti zrIjJAnArNavAsthitagadyaTIkA tattvatrayaprakAzikA smaaptaa| -tattvatrayaprakAzikA

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412 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa (5) ityubhayabhASAkavicakravartivyAkaraNakamalamArtaNDatArkikaziromaNi-paramAgama-pravINasUrizrIdevendrakIrtipraziSya-mumukSuvidyAnandibhaTTArakAntevAsi zrImUlasaMgha-paramAtmaviduSa (1) sUri-zrIzrutasAgaraviracite audAryacintAmaNinAmni svopajJavRttini prAkRtavyAkaraNe saMyuktAvyayo nirUpaNo nAma dvitIyodhyAyaH / -audAryacintAmaNi zrIvarddhamAnamakalaMkasamantabhadrazrIpUjyapAdasadumApatipUjyapAdaM / vidyAdinandiguNaratnamunIndrasevyaM bhaktyA namAmi parataH zrutasAgarAptyai / / ityanavadyagadyapadyavidyAvinodanoditapramodapIyUSarasapAnapAvanamatisamAjaratnarAjama - tisAgaramatirAjarAjitArthanasamarthana tarka-dhyAkaraNa chando'laMkAra-sAhityAdizAstranizitamatinA yatinA zrImaddevendrakIrtibhaTTArakaprazidhyeNa ziSyeNa ca sakalavidvajjanavihitacaraNasevasya vidyAnandidevasya saMcharditamithyAmatadurgareNa zrutasAgareNa sUriNA viracitAyAM zlokavArtika-sarvArthasiddhi-tyAyakumudacandrodaya-prameyakamalamArtaNDa-rAjavArtikapracaNDASTasahasrIprabhRtigranthasandarbhanirbharAvalokana-buddhivirAjitAyAM tattvArthaTIkAyAM dshmo'dhyaayH| -tattvArthavRtti sudevendrakIrtizca vidyAdinandI garIyAn gururme'haMdAdipravandI / tayoviddhi mAM mUlasaMghe kumAra zrutaskandhamIDe trilokaikasAram // samyaktvasuratnaM sadgatayatnaM sakalajantukaruNAkaraNam zrutasAgarametaM bhajata sametaM nikhilajane paritaH zaraNam // itizrutakandhapUjAvidhiH /

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malliSeNamUri AcArya maliSeNa vAdirAjasUrike hI samasAmayika haiM / ubhayabhASAkavicakravartI, kavizekhara aura gAruDamaMtravAdavadI Adi unakI padaviyA~ haiM / sakalAgamavedI, lakSaNa (vyAkaraNa)vedI aura tarkavedI bhI ve apaneko likhate haiM / ve ucca zreNIke kavi the / kahA gayA hai ki unake sAmane saMskRta prAkRtakA koI kavi apanI kavitAkA abhimAna na kara sakatA thA / yoM to ve vividha viSayoM ke paMDita the; parantu digambara sampradAyameM unakI khyAti maMtravAdIke rUpameM hI vizeSa hai| ve una ajitasenAcAryakI ziSyaparamparAmeM hue haiM jo gaMganareza rAcamalla aura unake maMtrI tathA senApati cAmuNDarAyake guru the aura jinheM nemicandra siddhAntacakravartIne ' bhuvanaguru' kahA hai / ajitasenake ziSya kanakasena, kanakasenake jinasena aura jinasenake ziSya mallipeNa / jinasenake anuja yA satIrtha narendrasenakA bhI malliyeNane gururUpase smaraNa kiyA hai / ___ vAdirAjasUrine bhI apane nyAyavinizcayavivaraNakI prazastimeM kanakasena aura narendrasenakA smaraNa kiyA hai / vAdirAja cU~ki maliSeNake hI samakAlIna haiM, isalie unake dvArA smRta kanakasena aura narendrasena yahI jAna par3ate haiM / vAdirAjake samAna malliSeNa bhI maThapati hI hoMge / unake maMtra-taMtraviSayaka granthoMse jinameM staMbhana, mAraNa, mohana, vazIkaraNa, aMganAkarSaNa, aura dUsare taraha tarahake prayoga haiM yahI jAna par3atA hai ki ve apane gRhastha ziSyoMke kalyANake lie maMtra taMtra aura rogopacArakI pravRtti bhI karate hoMge / kamase kama paramavirakta vanavAsI muni to ve nahIM the| 1 bhASAdvayakavitAyAM kavayo darpa vahanti tAvadiha / nAlokayanti yAvatkavizekharamalliSeNamunim // -bhai0 50 ka0 2 dekho nyA0 vi0 prazastikA dUsarA padya jo pahale pRSTha, 406 meM diyA jA cukA hai|

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414 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa ve vikramakI gyArahavIM sadIke anta aura bArahavIM sadIke prAraMbhake vidvAn haiM / apanA mahApurANa unhoMne jyeSTha sudI 5, za0 saM0 969 (vi0 saM0 1104) ko samApta kiyA thaa| apane anya kisI granthameM unhoMne racanAkA samaya nahIM diyA, isalie yaha nahIM batalAyA jA sakatA ki yaha unakA prAraMbhika grantha hai yA pIchekA aura na yahI batalAyA jA sakatA hai ki kabase kaba taka ve isa dharAdhAmapara rhe| mulagunda dhAravAr3a jilekI gadaga tahasIlameM gadagase 12 mIla dakSiNa pazcimakI ora hai / yahIMke eka jainadharmAlaya (jainamandira ) meM rahate hue unhoMne mahApurANa racA thA / isa sthAnakA unhoMne tIrtharUpameM ullekha kiyA hai / usa samaya yaha tIrtharUpameM prasiddha thaa| isa samaya bhI vahA~ cAra jainamandira haiN| ina mandiroMmeM zaka saMvat 824, 825, 902, 975, 1053, 1197, 1275, aura 1597 ke zilAlekha hai / eka lekhameM AsAryadvArA senavaMzake kanakasena muniko eka khatake dAna denekA bhI ullekha hai / eka mandirake pIchekI pahAr3I caTTAnapara 25 phITa U~cI jainamUrti utkIrNa kI huI hai| saMbhava hai, mallipeNakA maTha bhI isI sthAnameM rahA ho| ve ubhayabhASAke arthAt saMskRta prAkRtake kavi the; parantu abhI taka unake jitane grantha upalabdha hue haiM ve saba saMskRtake haiM, prAkRtakA eka bhI nahIM hai / prAkRtase yadi unakA abhiprAya unake dezakI bhASA kanar3Ise ho, to kanar3ImeM bhI abhI taka unakA kAI mantha nahIM milA hai| aba taka unake nIce likhe grantha upalabdha hue haiM 1 mahApurANa-yaha do hajAra zlokoMkA saMskRta grantha hai, jisameM 63 zalAkA puruSoMkI saMkSipta kathA hai / racanA sundara aura prasAdaguNayukta hai / kolhApurake lakSmIsena bhaTTArakake maThameM isakI eka prati kanar3I lipimeM likhI huI hai| / 2 nAgakumAra kAvya-choTA-sA pA~ca sargokA khaNDakAvya hai jo 507 zlokoMmeM pUrNa huA hai / isake prArambhameM kahA hai ki jayadevAdi kaviyoMne jo gadya 1 dekho, bra0 zrI zItalaprasAdajIdvArA likhita bambaI prAntake prAcIna jaina smAraka, pR0 120 / bra. jIke ye smAraka grantha itanI asAvadhAnIse mudrita hue haiM aura itane azuddha haiM ki unake san saMvatoM ke aMkoMpara aura nAmoMpara pUrA vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|

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mallioNasUri 415 padyamaya kathA likhI hai vaha mandabuddhiyoM ke lie viSama haiM / maiM malliSeNa vidvajanoMke manako haraNa karanavAlI usI kathAko prasiddha saMskRta vAkyoMmeM padyavaddha racatA huuN|' vAstavameM yaha kAvya bahuta sarala aura sundara hai| jayadeva kavikA koI nAgakumAra kAvya abhItaka upalabdha nahIM huaa| 3-- bhairava-padmAvatI kalpa- isameM 400 anuSTupa zloka haiM aura 1 mantrilakSaNa, 2 sakalIkaraNa, 3 devyarcana, 4 dvAdazaraMjikAmaMtrIddhAra, 5 krodhAdistaMbhana, 6 aGganAkarSaNa, 7 vazIkaraNayantra, 8 nimitta, 9 vazIkaraNataMtra aura 10 gAruDataMtra nAmake daza adhikAra haiM / maMtrazAstrakA yaha prasiddha grantha hai aura bandhuSeNake saMskRta-vivaraNa ke sahita prakAzita hA cukA hai| bambaIke sarasvatIbhavanameM isakI do hastalikhita saTIka pratiyA~ haiM / 4 sarasvatI-maMtra-kalpa-yaha bhI maMtra-grantha hai isameM 75 padya aura kucha gadya-vidhi dI huI hai / yaha bhI ukta bhairavapadmAvatI kalpake sAtha prakAzita ho cukA hai| 5 jvaoNlinI kalpa-isa maMtra granthakI eka prati sva0 se0 mANikacandajIke 1 kavibhirjayadevAdyairgadyaHpadyairvinirmitam / yattadevAsti cadatra viSamaM mandamedhasAm // prasiddhasaMskRtavAkyairvidujanamanoharam / tanmayA padyabandhena malliSeNena racyate // 2 isakI eka hastalikhita prati mere pustaka-saMgrahameM hai, jisameM prazasti nahIM hai| 3 bandhuSeNane apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyA hai parantu ghe bhI karnATaka prAntake hI jAna par3ate haiM / 9 veM pariccheda ke 35 ve zlokakI TIkAmeM ve 'kharakaNI' zabdakA artha karate hue likhate haiM-"gardabhakaNI karNATabhASayA kaaryegirii|" 4 ise ahamadAbAdake zrI sArAbhAI maNilAla navAbane sarasvatIkalpa aura dUsare aneka pariziSToM ke sAtha gujarAtI anuvAdasahita prakAzita kiyA hai| __ 5 mAlAmAlinI kalpa' nAmakA eka aura maMtrazAstra bambaIke e0 pannAlAla sarasvatIbhavanameM hai jisake kartA drAviDasaMghI indranandi yogIndra haiM jo varSanandike ziSya aura vAsavanandike praziSya the| vAsavanandike gurukA bhI nAma indranandi thaa| yaha grantha za0 saM0

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa grantha saMgrahameM hai, jisameM 14 patra haiM aura jo vi0 saM0 1562 kI likhI huI hai| ___ malliSeNa nAmake aneka AcArya ho gaye haiM aura grantha-sUciyoMmeM unake pravacana. sAraTIkA, paMcAstikAyaTIkA, vajrapaMjaravidhAna, brahmavidyA, kAmacaNDAlinI kalpa, Adi aneka granthoMke nAma milate haiM parantu ukta pA~ca granthoMko chor3akara anya granthoke viSayameM jaba taka ki ve sAmane upasthita na hoM yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ve inhIMke haiM athavA anyake / sajjanacittavallabha nAmakA eka choTA-sA 25 padyoMkA kAvya bhI malipeNakA hai jo prakAzita ho cukA hai| usameM muniyoMko upadeza diyA gayA hai ki tuma apane caritrako nirmala rakkho, grAmake samIpa mata raho, striyoMse samparka mata rakkho, parigraha dhanAdikI AkAMkSA mata rakkho, bhikSA meM jo kucha lUgvA sUkhA mile usIse santoSapUrvaka peTa bhara lo aura indriyApara vijaya prApta karake apane yati nAmako sArthaka kro| hamArA khayAla hai ki isake kartA koI dUsare hI mallipeNa haiM aura ve vanavAsI sampradAyake haiM, maThavAsI nhiiN| vidyAnuzAsana yA vidyAnuvAda nAmakA grantha bhI maliSaNakA batalAyA jAtA hai parantu vAstavameM vaha unakA nahIM hai, unase pIchake kisI anya AcAryakA hai| 861 meM mAnyagveTameM racA gayA thA / arthAt yaha maliSeNase lagabhaga sau varSa pahalekI racanA hai / granthakI utthAnikAmeM likhA hai ki dakSiNake malayadezake hemagrAmameM drAviDasaMghake adhipati helAca rya the| eka bAra unakI ziSyA kamala zrIko brahmarAkSasa laga gyaa| usakI pIDAko dekhakara helAcArya nIlagirike zikharapara gaya aura vahA~ unhoMne jvAlAmAlinIkI vidhipUrvaka mApanA kI / sAta dinameM devIne upasthita hokara pUchA ki kyA cAhate ho ? munine kahA, mujhe aura kucha nahIM cAhie, kamala zrIko grahamukta kara do / devIne eka loheke patrapara maMtra likha kara diyA aura usakI vidhi batalA dii| isase ziSyA svastha ho gii| phira devIke Adezase helAcAryane jvAlinI-matakI racanA kii| usake bAda paramparAse yaha helAcArya ke ziSya gAMgamuni, nIlagrIva Adiko prApta huA aura phira kaMdarpa (?) tathA guNanandi munike pAsa adhyayana karake indranandine isakI racanA kii| 1 bambaIke ai0 pannAlAla sarasvatI-bhavanameM isakI do pratiyA~ haiM : eka sampUrNa hai jisameM 24 adhyAya haiM aura dUsarA kAvyasAhityatIrthAcArya prAcyavidyAvAridhi zrIcandrazekharazAstrIkI bhASATIkAke sahita hai, jo apUrNa hai / arthAt usaka kevala 7 adhyAya haiM / jo prate sampUrNa

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malliSeNasUri 417 prazastiyA~ (1) tIrthe zrImulagundanAmni nagare zrIjainadharmAlaye sthitvA zrIkavicakravartiyatipaH zrImalliSeNAhvayaH / saMkSepAtprathamAnuyogakathanavyAkhyAnvitaM zRNvatAM bhavyAnAM duritApahaM racitavAnniHzeSavidyAmbudhiH / / 1 varSe katriMzatAhIne sahasra zakabhUbhujaH / sarvajidvatsare jyeSThe sazukla paMcamIdine / 2 anAdi tatsamAptaM tu purANaM duritApaham / jIyAdAcandratArArke vidagdhajanacetasi / / 3 zrIjinasenasUritanujena kudRSTimataprabhedinA gAruDamaMtravAdasakalAgamalakSaNatarkavedinA / tena mahApurANamuditaM bhuvntryvrtikiirtinaa| prAkRtasaMskRtobhayakavitvadhRtA kavicakravartinA // -mahApurANa jitakaSAyaripurguNavAridhiniyatacArucaritrataponidhiH / jayatu bhUpakirITavighaTTitakramayugo'jitasenamunIzvaraH // 1 hai, usake Adi antameM kahIM granthakartAkA nAma nahIM hai aura na antameM koI prazasti hai parantu zAstrIjIne apanI bhASATIkAke pratyeka adhyAyakI puSpikAmeM use zrIsukumArasenamuniviracita batalAyA hai| mAlUma nahIM jisa mUla pratise unhoMne bhApATIkA likhI hai usImeM yaha nAma diyA hai yA unheM yaha anya kisI srotase mAlUma huA hai / mallipeNakA to haya nizcayase nahIM hai / kyoMki bhASATIkA (patra 161) meM likhA hai ' zrImadAzAdharapadAmathagaNadharA valayamanuziSyate ' arthAt yaha racanA paM0 AAdharake bAdakI hai / mUlagrantha ( patra 85 ) meM likhA hai, ' tathAcoktaM bhaTTahastimalena / ' arthAt hastimalake bhI bAdakI yaha racanA hai| indranandi, padmanandi, imaDi bhaTTopAdhyAya Adike bhI uddharaNa isameM diye haiM / svayaM malliSeNakA jvAlinIdevIkA stotra bhI ( patra 73 ) saMgraha kiyA gayA hai / rAvaNakRta bAlagrahacikitsA bhI isameM saMgrahIta hai| 27

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418 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa ajani tasya munervaradIkSito vigatamAnamado duritAntakaH / kanakasenamunirmunipuMgavo varacaritramahAvratapAlakaH / / 2 gatamado'jani tasya mahAmuneH prathitavAn jinasenamunIzvaraH / sakalaziSyavaro hatamanmatho bhavamahodadhitArataraMDakaH // 3 tasyAnujazcArucaritravRttiH prakhyAtakIrtirbhuvi puNyamUrtiH / narendraseno jitavAdiseno vijJAtatattvo jitakAmasUtraH / / 4 tacchiSyo vibudhAgraNIrguNanidhiH zrImalliSeNAhvayaH saMjAtaH sakalAgameSu nipuNo vAgdevatAlaMkRtaH / tenaiSA kavicakriNA viracitA zrIpaMcamIsatkathA bhavyAnAM duritaughanAzanakarI saMsAravicchedinI // 5 spaSTaM zrIkavicakravartigaNinA bhavyAbjadhAMzunA granthI paMcazatI mayA viracitA vidvajanAnAM priyA / tAM bhaktyA vilakhaMti cAruvacanaiAvarNayantyAdarAt ye zRNvaMti mudA sadA sahRdayAste yAnti muktizriyam // 6 -nAgakumAra-kAvya sakalanRpamukuTaghaTTitacaraNayugaH zrImadajitasenagaNI / jayatu duritApahArI bhavyauSabhavArNavottArI // 55 jinasamayAgamavedI gurutarasaMsArakAnanocchedI / karmendhanadahanapaTustacchipyaH kanakasenagaNiH // 56 cAritrabhUSitAMgo niHsaMgo mathitadurjayAnaMgaH / tacchiSyo jinaseno babhUva bhavyAbjadharmAzuH / / 57 tadIyaziSyo'jani malliSeNaH sarasvatIdattavaraprasAdaH / tenodito bhairavadevatAyAH kalpaH samAsena catuHzatena / / 58 yAvadvArdhimahIdharatArakagaNagaganacandradinapatayaH / tiSThatu bhuvi tAvadayaM bhairavapadmAvatIkalpaH / / 59 --bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa

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malliSeNasUri (4) jagadIzaM jinaM devamabhivandyAbhizaMkaram / vakSye sarasvatIkalpa samAsenAlpamedhasAm // 1 abhyjnyaanmudraakssmaalaapustkdhaarinnii| trinetrA pAtu mAM vANI jaTAbAlendumANDitA // 2 labdhavANIprasAdena maliSaNena suurinnaa| racyate bhAratIkalpaH svalpajApyaphalapradaH // 3 kRtinA malipeNena jinasenasya sUnunA / racito bhAratIkalpaH ziSTalokamanoharaH // 77 sUryacandramasau yAvanmedinIbhUdharArNavAH / tAvatsarasvatIkalpaH sthayAccetasi dhImatAm / / 78 -sarasvatIkalpa (5) candraprabhaM jinaM natvA zaraccandrasamaprabham / vakSyehaM jvAlinIkalpaM saMkalpitasamaprabham // 1 zrImato'jitasenasya sUraH karmAtidhUriNaH / ziSyaH kanakasenobhUdruNik (?) munijanastutaH // 2 tadIyaziSyo jinasenasUriH tasyAgraziSyo'jani malliSeNaH / vAgdevatAlakSitacAruvaktrastenAraci (?) zikhidevikalpaH // 3 kumatimatavibhedI jainatattvArthavedI hRtaduritasamUhaH kSINasaMsAramohaH / bhavajaladhitaraMNDo vAgvavAstraraNDo (?) / vibudhakumudacandro malliSeNo gaNIndraH // 4 -jvAlinIkalpa

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AcArya jinasena aura unakA harivaMza grantha-paricaya digambara sampradAyake saMskRta kathA-sAhityameM harivaMzacarita yA harivaMzapurANa prasiddha aura prAcIna grantha hai / upalabdha kathA-granthoM meM samayakI dRSTise yaha tIsarA grantha hai / isake pahalekA eka padmacarita hai jisake kartA raviSeNAcArya haiM aura dUsarA varAMgacarita hai jisake kartA jaTA-siMhanandi haiM aura ina donoMkA spaSTa ullekha harivaMzake prathama sargameM kiyA gayA hai / ' AcArya vIrasenake ziSya jinasenakA pArvAbhyudaya kAvya bhI harivaMzake pahale bana cukA thA, kyoMki usakA bhI ullekha harivaMzameM kiyA gayA hai, isa lie yadi usako bhI kathA-grantha mAnA jAya, to phira harivaMzako cauthA grantha mAnanA caahie| mahAsenakI sulocanA-kathAkA aura kucha anya granthoMkA bhI harivaMzameM jika kiyA gayA hai parantu ve abhItaka anupalabdha haiM / harivaMzakA grantha-parimANa bAraha haz2Ara zloka hai aura usameM 66 sarga haiM / adhikAMza sarga anuSTup chandoMmeM haiM / kucha sa!meM drutavilambita, vasantatilakA, zArdUlavikrIDita Adi chandoMkA mI upayoga kiyA gayA hai / bAvIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn neminAtha aura ve jisa vaMzameM utpanna hue the usa harivaMzake mahApuruSoMkA carita likhanA hI isakA uddezya hai; parantu gauNa rUpase jaisA ki chayAsaThaveM sarga (zloka 37-38) meM kahA gayA hai cauvIsa tIrthakara, bAraha cakravartI, nava nArAyaNa, nava balabhadra aura nava pratinArAyaNa, isa taraha tresaTha zalAkA puruSoMkA aura saikar3oM avAntara rAjAoM aura vidyAdharoMke caritoMkA kIrtana bhI isameM kiyA gayA hai / isake sivAya cauthese sAtaveM sargataka Urdhva, madhya aura adholokoMkA varNana tathA ajIvAdika 1 dekho zloka na0 34-35 / 2 dekho zloka naM0 40 / 3 dekho zloka naM0 33 /

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AcArya jinasena aura unakA harivaMza 421 dravyoMkA svarUpa bhI batalAyA gayA hai| jagaha jagaha jainasiddhAntoMkA nirUpaNa to hai hii| - harivaMzakI racanAke samaya taka bhagavajinasenakA AdipurANa nahIM banA thA aura guNabhadrakA uttarapurANa to harivaMzase 115 varSa bAda nirmita huA hai, isalie yaha grantha unake anukaraNapara yA unake AdhArapara to likhA huA ho nahIM sakatA, parantu aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki bhagavajinasena aura guNabhadrake samAna inake samakSa bhI kaviparamezvara yA kaviparameSThIkA 'vAgarthasaMgraha ' purANa rahA hogaa| bhale hI vaha saMkSipta ho aura usameM itanA vistAra na ho / uttarapurANameM harivaMzakI jo kathA hai, vaha yadyapi saMkSipta hai parantu isa granthakI kathAse hI milatI julatI hai, isalie saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki ina donoMkA bhUla srota 'vAgarthasaMgraha' hogaa| granthakartA aura punnATa saMgha isa grantha ke kartA jinasena punnATa saMghake AcArya the aura ve spaSTa hI AdipurANAdike karttA bhagavajinasenase bhinna haiM / inake gurukA nAma kIrtiSeNa aura dAdA gurukA nAma jinasena thA, jaba ki bhagavajinasanake guru vIrasena aura dAdA guru Aryanandi the / punnATa karnATakakA prAcIna nAma hai / saMskRta sAhityameM isake aneka ullekha milate haiM / haripegane apane kathAkozameM likhA hai ki bhadrabAhu svAmIkI AjJAnusAra unakA sArA saMgha candragupta yA vizAkhAcArya ke sAtha dakSiNApathake punnATa dezameM gayA / dakSiNApathakA yaha punnATa karnATaka hI hai / kannar3a sAhityameM bhI punnATa rAjyake ullekha milate haiM / prasiddha bhUgolavettA TAlemIne isakA 'ponnaTa' nAmase ullekha kiyA hai / isa dezake muni-saMghakA nAma punnATa saMgha thaa| saMghoMke 1 isakI carcA pahale ' padmacarita aura paumacariya ' zIrSaka lekha ( pR0 282 ) meM kI jA cukI hai| 2 sva. DA0 pAThaka, TI0 esa0 kuppUvAmI zAstrI Adi vidvAnoMne pahale samaya-sAmyake kAraNa donoMko eka hI samajha liyA thaa| 3 anena saha saMgho'pi samasto guruvAkyataH ! dakSiNApathadezasthapunnATaviSayaM yayau / // 42-bhadrabAhukathA

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422 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa nAma prAyaH dezoM aura sthAnoMke hI nAmase par3e haiM / zravaNabelgolake 194 naM0 ke zilAlekhameM jo za0 saM0 622 ke lagabhagakA hai eka 'kittura' nAmake saMghakA ullekha hai / kittUra yA kIrtipura punnATakI purAnI rAjadhAnI thI jo isa samaya maisUrake hoggaDevakoTe' tAllukemeM hai| so yaha kittUra saMgha yA to punnATa saMghakA hI nAmAntara hogA aura yA usakI eka shaakhaa| granthakartAke samaya takakI avicchinna guruparamparA harivaMzake chayAsaThaveM sargameM mahAvIra bhagavAnase lekara lohAcArya takakI vahI AcArya-paramparA dI hai, jo zrutAvatAra Adi anya granthoM meM milatI hai- arthAt 62 varSameM tIna kevalI ( gautama, sudharmA, jambU ), 100 varSameM pA~ca zrutakevalI (viSNu, nandimitra, aparAjita, govarddhana, bhadrabAhu), 183 varSameM gyAraha dazapUrvake pAThI (vizAkha, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAga, siddhArtha, dhRtisena, vijaya, buddhilla, gaMgadeva, dharmasena ), 220 varSameM pA~ca gyAraha aMgadhArI ( nakSatra, jaya. pAla, pANDu, dhruvasena, kaMsa ), aura phira 118 varSameM subhadra, jayabhadra, yazobAhu aura lohArya ye cAra AcArAGgadhArI hue, arthAt vIranirvANase 683 varSa bAda taka ye saba AcArya ho cuke / unake bAda nIce likhI paramparA calI_ vinayaMdhara, zrutigupta, Rpigupta, zivagupta (jinhoMne ki apane guNoMse arhadvalipada prApta kiyA) mandarAya, mitravIra, baladeva, balamitra, siMhabala, vIravita, padmasena, vyAghrahasti, nAgahasti, jitadaNDa, nandiSeNa, dIpasena, dharasena, dharmasena siMhasena, nandiSaNa, Izvarasena, nandiSaNa, abhayasena, siddhasena, abhayasena, bhImasena, jinasena, zAntiSeNa, jayasena, amitasena, ( punnATagaNake aguA aura sau varSa taka jInevAle ), inake bar3e guru bhAI kIrtiSeNa aura phira unake ziSya jinasena ( granthakartA ) / inameMse prArambhake cAra to vahIM mAlUma hote haiM jinheM indranandine apane zrutAvatArameM aMgapUrvake eka dezako dhAraNa karanevAle ArAtIya muni kahA hai aura jinake nAma vinayadhara, zrIdhara zivadatta aura arhaddata haiN| vinayaMdhara aura vinayadharameM to koI pharka hI nahIM hai / zivadatta aura zivagupta bhI eka ho sakate haiM / 'gupta'kA prAkRtarUpa 'gupta' bhramavaza datta ho sakatA hai / bIcake do nAma zaMkAspada haiM / 'mahAtapobhUvinayaMdharaH zrutAmRSizrutiM guptapadAdikAM dadhat' isa caraNakA ThIka

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AcArya jinasena aura unakA harivaMza 423 artha bhI nahIM baiThatA, zAyada kucha azuddha hai / zrutigupta aura RSiguptakI jagaha guptaRSi aura guptazruti nAma bhI zAyada ho / yahA~ yaha bhI khayAla rakhanA cAhie ki aksara eka hI munike do nAma bhI hote haiM, jaise ki lohAryakA dUsarA nAma sudharmA bhI hai| isameM zivaguptakA hI dUsarA nAma arhadvali hai aura granthAntaroMmeM zAyada inhIM arhadvaliko saMghoMkA prAraMbhakartA batalAyA hai / arthAt inake bAda hI munisaMgha judA judA nAmoMse abhihita hone lage the| vIra-nirvANakI vartamAna kAla-gaNanAke anusAra vi0 saM0 213 taka lohAryakA astitva-samaya hai aura usake bAda AcArya jinasenakA samaya vi0 saM0 840 hai, arthAt donoMke bIcameM yaha jo 627 varSakA antara hai, jinasenane usI bIcake uparyukta 29-30 AcArya batalAye haiN| yadi pratyeka AcAryakA samaya ikkIsa bAIsa varSa ginA jAya to yaha antara lagabhaga ThIka baiTha jAtA hai / vIra-nirvANase lohArya taka aTThAIsa AcArya batalAye gaye haiM aura una sabakA saMyukta kALa 683 varSa, arthAt pratyeka AcAryake kAlakI ausata 24 varSake lagabhaga par3atI hai, aura isa taraha donoM kAloMkI ausata lagabhaga samAna hI baiTha jAtI hai / ___ isa vivaraNase aba hama isa natIjepara pahu~cate haiM ki vIra-nirvANake bAdase vikrama saMvat 840 takakI eka avicchinna-akhaMDa guru-paramparA isa granthameM surakSita hai, jo ki aba taka anya kisI granthameM bhI nahIM dekhI gaI aura isa dRSTise yaha grantha bahuta hI mahattvakA hai / avazya hI yaha ArAtIya muniyoM ke bAdakI eka zAkhAkI hI paramparA hogI jo Age calakara punnATa saMghake rUpameM prasiddha huii| anya saMghoMkI vIra ni0 saM0 683 ke bAdakI paramparAye jAna par3atA hai ki naSTa ho cukI haiM aura aba zAyada unake prApta karanekA koI upAya bhI nahIM hai / granthakI racanA kahA~para huI ? A0 jinasenane likhA hai ki unhoMne harivaMzapurANakI racanA varddhamAnapurameM kI aura isI taraha A0 haripeNane usase 148 varSa bAda apane kathAkozako bhI varddhamAnapurameM hI banAkara samApta kiyA hai / jinasenane varddhamAnapurako 'kalyANaiH 1 isa caraNakA artha paM0 gajAdharalAlajI zAstrIne " nayaMdhara RSi, gupta RSi itanA hI kiyA hai aura purAne vacanikAkAra paM0 daulatarAmajIne " nayadhara RSi, zruti RSi, gupti " kiyA hai|

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa parivarddhamAna vipulazrI ' aura hariSeNane ' kArttasvarApUrNajanAdhivAsa' kahA hai| kalyANa', aura ' kArttasvara ' ye donoM zabda suvarNa yA soneke vAcaka bhI haiM / suvarNake artha meM kalyANa zabda saMskRta kozoM meM to milatA hai para vAGmaya meM vizeSa vyavahRta nahIM hai / hA~, bhAvadevakRta pArzvanAthacarita Adi jaina saMskRta granthoMmeM isakA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai / jinasenane bhI usI artha meM upayoga kiyA hai / arthAt donoMke hI kathanAnusAra varddhamAnapura ke nivAsiyoM ke pAsa sonekI vipulatA thI, vaha bahuta dhanasampanna nagara thA aura donoM hI granthakarttA punnATa saMghake haiM, isalie donoM granthoMkI racanA eka hI sthAnameM huI hai, isameM sandeha nahIM rahatA' / 6 424 cU~ki punnATa aura karnATaka paryAyavAcI haiM, isalie hamane pahale anumAna kiyA thA ki varddhamAnapura karnATaka prAnta meM hI kahIM para hogA; parantu abhI kucha hI samaya pahale jaba mere mitra DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyene hariSeNake kathAkozakI carcA ke silasile meM sujhAyA ki varddhamAnapura kAThiyAvAr3akA prasiddha zahara bar3havANa mAlUma hotA hai, aura usake bAda jaba hamane harivaMzameM batalAI huI usa samaya kI bhaugolika sthitipara vicAra kiyA, taba acchI taraha nizcaya ho gayA ki bar3havANa hI varddhamAnapura hai / harivaMzake antima sarga ke 52 padya meM likhA hai ki zaka saMvat 705 meM, jaba ki uttara dizAkI indrAyudha nAmaka rAjA, dakSiNa kI kRSNakA putra zrIvallabha, pUrva dizAkI avantibhUpa vatsarAja aura pazcima ke sauroM ke adhimaNDala yA saurASTrakI vIra jagabarAha rakSA karatA thA, taba isa granthakI racanA huI / yadi varddhamAnapurako karnATaka meM mAnA jAya, to usake pUrva meM avanti yA mAlavekI, dakSiNa meM zrIvallabha ( rASTrakUTa ) kI aura isI taraha dUsare rAjyoMkI avasthiti ThIka nahIM baiTha sakatI / parantu jaisA ki Age batalAyA gayA hai, kAThiyAvAr3a meM mAnanese ThIka baiTha jAtI hai / itihAsajJoM kI dRSTimeM yadyapi harivaMzakA pUrvokta padya bahuta hI mahattvakA rahA hai aura usa samayake AsapAsakA itihAsa likhanevAle prAyaH sabhI lekhakoMne isakA 1 Age 'haripeNakA ArAdhanA - kathAkoza ' lekhameM batalAyA hai ki usa samaya vinAyaka - pAla nAmakA jo rAjA thA, vaha bhI kAThiyAvAr3akA hI thA / 2 dekho mANikacandra-jaina-grantha-mAlAke 32-33 veM grantha harivaMzakI bhUmikA aura jainahitaiSI bhAga 14 aMka 7-8 meM ' haripeNakA kathAkoza ' zIrSaka lekha /

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AcArya jinasena aura unakA harivaMza 425 upayoga kiyA hai; parantu isa bAtapara zAyada kisIne bhI vicAra nahIM kiyA ki Akhira yaha varddhamAnapura kahA~ thA jisake cAroM taraphake rAjAoMkI sthiti isa padyameM batalAI gaI hai aura isI lie isake arthameM sabhIne kucha na kucha golamAla kiyA hai| yaha golamAla isa lie bhI hotA rahA ki abhI taka indrAyudha aura vatsarAjake rAjavaMzoMkA silasilevAra itihAsa taiyAra nahIM huA hai aura unakA rAjya kaba kahA~se kahA~ taka rahA, yaha bhI prAyaH anizcita hai| aba hameM dekhanA cAhie ki cAroM dizAoMmeM usa samaya jina-jina rAjAoMkA ullekha kiyA hai, ve kauna the aura kahA~ke the / 1 indrAyudha-sva0 cintAmaNi vinAyaka vaidyana batalAyA hai ki indrAyudha bhaNDi kulakA thA aura ukta vaMzako varma vaMza bhI kahate the| isake putra cakrAyudhako parAsta karake pratihAravaMzI rAjA vatsarAjake putra nAgabhaTa dusarene jisakA ki rAjyakAla vinseMTa smithake anusAra vi0 saM0 857-882 hai kannaujakA sAmrAjya usase chInA thaa| bar3havANake uttarameM mAravAr3a kA pradeza par3atA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki kannaujase lekara mAravAr3a taka indrAyudhakA rAjya phailA huA thaa| 2 zrIvallabha- yaha dakSiNake rASTrakuTa vaMzake rAjA kRSNa ( prathama ) kA putra thA / isakA prasiddha nAma govinda ( dvitIya ) thA / kAvImeM mile hue tAmrapaTameM bhI ise govinda na likhakara vallabha hI likhA hai, ataeva isa viSayameM sandeha nahIM rahA ki yaha govinda dvitIya hI thA aura varddhamAnapurakI dakSiNa dizAmeM usIkA rAjya thA / za0 saM0 692 kA arthAt harivaMzakI racanAke 13 varSa pahalekA usakA eka tAmrapatra bhI milA hai| 3 vatsarAja-yaha pratihAravaMzakA rAjA thA aura usa nAgAvaloka yA nAgabhaTa dUsarekA pitA thA jisane cakrAyudhako parAsta kiyA thaa| harivaMzake pUrvokta padyakA galata artha lagAkara itihAsajJoMne ise pazcima dizAkA rAjA batalAyA hai aura varddhamAnapurakI ThIka avasthitikA patA na honese hI usake pazcimameM mAravAr3ako 1 dekho, sI0 vI0 vaidyakA ' hindU bhAratakA utkarSa ' pR0 175 / 2 ma0 ma0 ojhAjIke anusAra nAgabhaTakA samaya vi0 saM0 872 se 890 haiM / 3 iNDiyana eNTikverI jilda 5 pR0 146 / 4 epigrAphiA iNDikA jilda 6, pR0 209

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa mAna liyA hai / parantu bar3havANase pazcimameM mAravAr3a nahIM ho sakatA / vAstavameM ukta padya meM vatsarAjako pUrva dizAkA aura avantikA rAjA kahA hai aura jayavarAhako pazcima dizAkA rAjA batalAyA hai jisakI carcA Age kI gaI hai / isalie harivaMzakI racanAke samaya za0 saM0 705 meM mAlavepara vatsarAjakA hI adhikAra honA cAhie / vatsarAjane gaur3a aura baMgAla ke rAjAoMko jItA thA aura unase do zveta chatra chIna liye the / Age inhIM chatroMko rASTrakUTa govinda ( dvi0 ) ke choTe bhAI dhruvarAjane car3hAI karake usase chIna liyA thA aura use mAravAr3akI agamya retIla bhUmikI tarapha bhAgane ko majabUra kiyA thA / ojhAjIne likhA hai ki ukta vatsarAjane mAlaveke rAjApara car3hAI kI thI aura mAlava- rAjako bacAne ke lie dhruvarAja usapara car3ha daur3A thA / yaha sahI ho sakatA hai, parantu hamArI samajhameM yaha ghaTanA za0 saM0 705 ke bAdakI hogI, 705 meM to mAlavA vatsarAjake hI adhikAra meM thA / kyoMki dhruvarAjakA rAjyArohaNa -kAla za0 saM0 707 ke lagabhaga anumAna kiyA gayA hai, usake pahale 705 meM to govinda dvi0 hI rAjA thA aura isalie usake bAda hI dhruvarAjakI ukta car3hAI huI hogI / 426 zvetAmbarAcArya udyotanasUrine apanI ' kuvalayamAlA' nAmaka prAkRta kathA jAvAlipura yA jAlora ( mAravAr3a ) meM jaba za0 saM0 700 ke samApta hone meM eka dina bAkI thA taba samApta kI thI aura usa samaya vatsarAjakA rAjya thA / arthAt harivaMzakI racanA ke samaya ( za 705 meM ) to ( uttara meM ) mAravAr3a indrAyudha ke adhikAra meM thA aura ( pUrva meM ) mAlavA vatsarAjake adhikArameM / parantu isake pA~ca varSa pahale ( za0 700 meM ), kuvalaya - mAlAkI racanAke samaya, mAravAr3akA adhikArI bhI vatsarAja thA / isase anumAna hotA hai ki pahale mAravAr3a aura mAlavA donoM hI indrAyudhake adhikAra meM the aura vatsarAjane donoM hI prAnta usase jIte the / pahale, zaka saM0 700 se pahale, 1 sagakAle volI varisANasaehiM sattahiM gaehiM / eka dihiM raiA avaravelAe || 2 parabhaDabhiuDibhaMgo paNaIyaNarohiNIkalAcaMdo / siritraccharAyaNAmo NarahatthI patthivA jaiA // - jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka khaNDa 3, aGka 2

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AcArya jinasena aura unakA harivaMza ka27 mAravAr3a aura phira za0 705 se pahale mAlavA / isake bAda 707 meM dhruvarAjane mAlava-rAjakI sahAyatAke lie car3hAI karaMka vatsarAjako mAravAr3akI arthAt jAlorakI ora khader3a diyA hogA aura mAlavekA purAnA rAjA yaha indrAyudha hI hogA jisakI sahAyatA dhruvarAjane kI thii| yaha nizcita hai ki kannaujakA sAmrAjya jo bahuta vistRta thA aura jisameM mAravAr3a aura mAlavA bhI zAmila thA isI vatsarAjake putra nAgabhaTane isI indrAyudhake putra cakrAyudhase chInA thA aura isa pravRttikA prAraMbha vatsarAjake samayase hI ho gayA thaa| pahale dhruvarAjane isameM vAdhA DAlI parantu pIche ukta sAmrAjya pratIhAroMke hI hAthameM calA gayA / ina saba bAtoMse harivaMzakI racanAke samaya uttarameM indrAyudha aura pUrvameM vatsarAjakA rAjya honA ThIka mAlUma hotA hai / 4 vIra jayavarAha----yaha pazcimameM sauroMke adhimaNDalakA rAjA thaa| sauroMke adhimaMDalakA artha hama saurASTra hI samajhate haiM jo kAThiyAvAr3a kA prAcIna nAma hai / saura logoMkA rASTra so saura-rASTra yA saurASTra / saurASTrase bar3havANa aura usase pazcimakI Arake pradezakA hI granthakartAkA abhiprAya jAna par3atA hai / yaha rAjA kisa vaMzakA thA, isakA ThIka ThIka patA nahIM calatA / hamArA anumAna hai ki bahuta karake yaha cAlukya vaMzakA hI koI rAjA hogA aura * varAha' usako usI taraha kahA gayA hogA jisa taraha kIrtivarmA ( dvi0 ) ko ' mahA varAha' kahA hai / bar3odAmeM gujarAtake rASTrakUTa rAjA karkarAjakA za0 saM0 734 kA eka tAmrapatra milA hai jisameM rASTrakuTa kRSNake viSayameM kahA hai ki usane kIrtivarmA mahA varAhako hariNa banA diyA / caulukyoMke dAnapatroM meM unakA rAjacihna varAha milatA hai, isIlie kavine kIrtivarmAko mahA-varAha kahA hai / dharAzraya bhI varAhakA payAyavAcI hai / isalie aura bhI kaI caulukya rAjAoMke nAmake sAtha yaha dharAzraya pada vizeSaNake rUpameM jur3A huA milatA hai / jaise gujarAtake caulukyoMkI dUsarI zAkhAke sthApanakA jayasiMha dharAzraya, tIsarI zAkhAke mUla 1 iNDiyana eNTikverI bhAga 12, pR0 159 / 2 yo yuddhakaNDUtigRhItamuccaiH zauryoSmasaMdIpitamApatantam / mahAvarAhaM hariNIcakAra prAjyaprabhAvaH khalu rAjasiMhaH / /

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428 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa puruSa jayasiMha dharAzraya ( dvi0), aura unake putra zilAditya dharAzrayaM / rASTrakUToMse pahale caulukya sArva-bhauma rAjA the aura kAThiyAvAr3apara bhI unakA adhikAra thA / unase yaha sArvabhaumatva za0 saM0 675 ke lagabhaga rASTrakUToMne chInA thA, isalie bahuta saMbhava yahI hai ki harivaMzake racanAkAlameM kAThiyAvAr3apara caulukya vaMzakI hI kisI zAkhAkA adhikAra ho aura usIko jayavarAha likhA ho / pUrA nAma zAyada jayasiMha ho aura varAha vizeSaNa / rAThor3oMkA vaha sAmanta bhI ho sakatA hai aura svataMtra bhii| pratIhAra rAjA mahIpAlake samayakA eka dAne-patra haDDAlA gA~va (kAThiyAvAr3a) se za0 saM0 836 kA milA hai| usase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya bar3havANameM dharaNIvarAhakA adhikAra thA jo cAvar3AvaMzakA thA aura pratihAroMkA sAmanta thA / isase eka saMbhAvanA yaha bhI hai ki ukta dharaNIvarAhakA hI koI 4-6 pIr3hI pahalekA pUrvaja hI ukta jayavarAha ho / bar3havANameM hI punnATa saMghakA eka aura grantha jaisA ki pahale bhI kahA jA cukA hai pUrvokta varddhamAnapura yA bar3havANameM hI hariSeNa nAmake eka aura AcArya hue haiM jinhoMne za0 saM0 853 ( vi0 saM0 989 ) meM arthAta harivaMzakI racanAke 148 varSa bAda ' kathAkoza' nAmaka granthakI racanA kI aura ye bhI usI punnATa saMghake the jisameM ki jinasena hue haiN| haripeNane apane guru bharatasena, unake guru zrIhariSeNa aura unake guru mauni bhaTTAraka takakA ullekha kiyA hai| yadi eka eka gurukA samaya pacIsa tIsa tIsa varSa gina liyA jAya, to anumAnase harivaMzakI jinasena mauni bhaTTArakake guruke guru ho sakate haiM yA ekAdha pIr3hI aura pahaleke / yadi jinasena aura mauni bhaTTArakake bIcake eka do AcAryoMkA nAma aura kahIMse mAlUma ho jAya to phira ina granthoMse vIra-nirvANase za0 saM0 853 takakI arthAt 1458 varSakI eka avicchinna guruparamparA taiyAra ho sakatI hai| ___ A0 jinamena apane guru kIrtipeNake bhAI amitasenako jo sau varSataka jIvita rahe the khAsa taurase 'pavitrapunnATagaNAgraNI' kahA hai, jo yaha dhvanita karatA hai ki zAyada pahale pahala ve hI kAThiyAvAr3ameM apane saMghako lAye the| 1 dekhA mahArASTIya jJAnakoza jilda 13, pR0 73-74 2 dekho iNDiyana eNTikverI ji0 12, pR0 193-94

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AcArya jinasena aura unakA harivaMza 429 punnATa saMgha kAThiyAvAr3ameM yo to munijana dUra dUra taka sarvatra hI vihAra karate rahate haiM parantu punnATa saMghakA sudUra karnATakase calakara kAThiyAvAr3ameM pahu~canA aura vahA~ lagabhaga do sau varSataka rahanA eka asAdhAraNa ghaTanA hai| isakA sambandha dakSiNake caulukya aura rASTrakUTa rAjAoMse hI jAna par3atA hai jinakA zAsana kAThiyAbAr3a aura gujarAtameM bahuta samaya taka rahA hai aura jina rAjavaMzoMkI jainadharmapara vizeSa kRpA rahI hai| aneka cAlukya aura rASTrakUTa rAjAoM tathA unake mANDalikoMne jainamuniyoMko dAna diye haiM aura unakA Adara kiyA hai| unake bahutase, amAtya, maMtrI, senApati Adi to jainadharmake upAsaka taka rahe haiM / aisI dazAmeM yaha svAbhAvika hai ki punnATasaMghake kucha muni una logoMkI prArthanA yA Agrahase sudUra kAThiyAvAr3ameM bhI pahu~ca gaye hoM aura vahIM sthAyI rUpase rahane lage ho / hariSeNake bAda aura kaba taka kAThiyAbAr3ameM punnATa saMgha rahA, isakA abhI taka koI patA nahIM calA hai| jinasenane apane granthakI racanAkA samaya zaka saMvatmeM diyA hai aura hariSeNane zaka saMvatke sivAya vikrama saMvat bhI sAtha hI de diyA hai / pAThaka jAnate haiM ki uttarabhArata, gujarAta, mAlavA AdimeM vikrama saMvatkA aura dakSiNameM zaka saMvatkA calana rahA hai / jinasenako dakSiNase Aye hue eka do pIr3hiyA~ hI bItI thIM isalie unhoMne apane granthameM pUrva saMskAravaza za0 saM0 kA hI upayoga kiyA, parantu haripeNako kAThiyAbAr3ameM kaI pIr3hiyA~ bIta gaI thIM, isalie unhoMne vahA~kI paddhatike anusAra sAthameM vi0 saM0 denA bhI ucita smjhaa| nannarAja-vasati varddhamAnapurakI nannarAja-vasatimeM arthAt nannarAjake banavAye hue yA usake nAmase usake kisI vaMzadharake banavAye hue jainamandirameM harivaMzapurANa likhA gayA thAM / yaha nannarAja nAma bhI karnATakavAloMke sambandhakA AbhAsa detA hai aura ye rASTrakUTa vaMzake hI koI rAjapuruSa jAna par3ate haiM / isa nAmako dhAraNa karanevAle 1 dekho chayAsaThaveM sargakA 52 vA~ padya /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kucha rASTrakUTa rAjA hue bhI haiM / ' rASTrakUTa rAjAo ke gharU nAma kucha aura hI huA karate the, jaise kanna, kannara, aNNa, braddiga Adi / yaha nanna nAma bhI aisA hI jAna par3atA hai / 430 punnATasaMghakA ina do granthoMke sivAya abhItaka aura kahIM bhI koI ullekha nahIM milA hai; yahA~taka ki jisa karnATaka prAntakA yaha saMgha thA vahA~ ke kisI zilAlekha AdimeM bhI nahIM aura yaha eka Azcarya kI bAta hai / aisA jAna par3atA hai ki punnATa ( karnATaka ) se bAhara jAnepara hI yaha saMgha punnATasaMgha kahalAyA hogA jisa taraha ki Ajakala jaba koI eka sthAna ko chor3akara dUsare sthAna meM jA rahatA hai, taba vaha apane pUrvasthAnavAlA kahalAne lagatA hai / AcArya jinasenane harivaMzake sivAya aura kisI granthakI racanAkI yA nahIM, isakA koI patA nahIM / AcArya jinasena ne apane samIpavartI girinArakI siMhavAhinI yA ambAdevIkA ullekha kiyA hai aura use vighnoM kA nAza karanevAlI zAsanadevI batalAyA hai| arthAt usa samaya bhI girinArapara ambAdevIkA mandira rahA hogA / dostaTikA nAmaka sthAnakA koI patA nahIM laga sakA jahA~kI prajAne zAntinAtheka mandirameM harivaMzapurANakI pUjA kI thI / bahuta karake yaha sthAna bar3havA ke pAsa hI kahIM hogA / usa samaya muni prAyaH jainamandiroM meM hI rahate hoMge / AcArya jinasena ne apanA yaha grantha pArzvanAtha ke mandira meM rahate hue hI nirmANa kiyA thA / pUrvavartI AcAryoM kA ullekha jinasenane apane pUrva ke nIce likhe granthakarttAoM aura vidvAnoMkA ullekha kiyA hai samantabhadra - jIvasiddhi aura yuktyanuzAsana ke karttA / siddhasena - sUktiyoM ke karttA / ina sUktiyoMse siddhasenakI dvAtriMzatikAoMkA abhiprAya jAna par3atA hai / 1 mulatAI ( betUla sI0pI0 ) meM rASTrakUToM kI jo do prazastiyA~ milI haiM unameM durgarAja, govindarAja, svAmikarAja aura nannarAja nAmake cAra rASTrakUTa rAjAoMke nAma diye haiN| saundratti rASTrakUToM kI dUsarI zAkhAke bhI eka rAjAkA nAma nanna thA / buddha gayAse rASTrakUToMkA eka lekha milA hai usameM bhI pahale rAjAkA nAma nanna haiM / 2 grahItacakrA'praticakradevatA tathorjayantAlayasiMhavAhinI | zivAya yasminniha sannidhIyate kva tatra vighnAH prabhavanti zAsane // 44

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AcArya jinasena aura unakA harivaMza 431 devanandi-aindra, cAndra, jainendra, vyADi Adi vyAkaraNoMke paargaamii| vajrasUri-devanandi yA pUjyapAdake ziSya vajranandi hI zAyada vajrasUri haiM jinhoMne devasenasUrike kathanAnusAra drAvir3a saMghakI sthApanA kI thI / inake vicAroMko gaNadhara devoMke samAna pramANabhUta batalAyA hai aura unake kisI aise granthakI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai jisameM bandha aura mokSakA sahetuka vivecana hai| mahAsena-sulocanA kathAke kartA / raviSaNa-padmapurANake kartA / jaTA-siMhanandi-varAMgacaritake kartA / zAnta-pUrA nAma zAMtiSeNa hogaa| inakI utprekSA alaMkArase yukta vakroktiyoMkI prazaMsA kI gaI hai / inakA koI kAvya-grantha hogaa| vizeSavAdI-inake kisI aise granthakI ora saMketa hai jo gadyapadyamaya hai aura jinakI uktiyoM meM bahuta vizeSatA hai / vAdirAjasUrine bhI apane pArzvanAthacaritameM inakA smaraNa kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki unakI racanAko sunakara anAyAsa hI paMDitajana vizeSAbhyudayako prApta kara lete haiN| kumArasena guru-candrodayake karttA prabhAcandrake kAraNa jinakA yaza ujjvala huA / prabhAcandra ke guru / vIrasena guru--kaviyoMke cakravartI / jinasenasvAmI-usa pAzrvAbhyudayake kartA jisameM pArzvajinendra ke guNoMkI stuti hai| __ Age hama harivaMzake prArambhake aura antake ve aMza dete haiM jinakA isa lekhameM upayoga kiyA gayA hai jIvasiddhividhAyIha kRtayuktyanuzAsanaM / vacaH samantabhadrasya vIrasyeva vijRmbhate // 29 // jagatprasiddhabodhasya vRSabhasyeva nistuSAH / bodhayaMti satAM buddhiM siddhasenasya sUktayaH // 30 // 1 vizeSavAdigI mphazravaNAbaddhabuddhayaH / aklezAdadhigacchanti vizeSAbhyudayaM budhAH // 29 2 AdipurANake kartA jinasenane mI ina prabhAcandrakA smaraNa kiyA haicandrAzuzubhrayazasaM prabhAcandrakaviM stuve / kRtvA candrodayaM yena zazvadAhlAditaM jagat //

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432 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa iMdracaMdrArkajainendravyADivyAkaraNakSiNaH / devasya devavanyasya na vandyate giraH kathaM // 31 // vajrasUrevicAriNyaH sahetvorbandhamokSayoH / pramANa dharmazAsrANAM pravaktRNAmivoktayaH // 32 // mahAsenasya madhurA shiilaalNkaardhaarinnii| kathA na varNitA kena vaniteva sulocanA // 33 // kRtapadmodayodyotA pratyahaM parivartitA / mUrtiH kAvyamayI loke veriva raveH priyA / / 34 / / varAGganeva sarvAGgairvarAGgacaritArthavAk / kasya notpAdayedgADhamanurAgaM svagocaraM / / 35 / / zAntasyApi ca vakoktI rmyotprekssaablaanmnH| kasya nodghATite'nvarthe ramaNIye'nuraMjayet / / 36 // yo'zeSoktivizeSeSu vizeSaH padyagadyayoH / vizeSavAditA tasya vizeSatrayavAdinaH / / 37 // AkupAraM yazo loke prabhAcandrodayojjvalam / guroH kumArasenasya vicaratyajitAtmakam // 38 / / jitAtmaparalokasya kavInAM cakravartinaH / vIrasenaguroH kIrtirakalaMkAvabhAsate // 39 // yAmitAbhyudaye paarshvjinendrgunnsNstutiH|| svAmino jinasenasya kIrtiH saMkIrtayatyasau / / 40 // -prathama sarga trayaH kramAkevalino jinAtpera dviSaSTivarSAntarabhAvino'bhavan / tataH pare paMca samastapUrviNastapodhanA varSazatAntare gatAH / / 22 // vyazItike varSazate'nurUpayugdazaiva gItA dazapUrviNaH zate / dvaye ca viMze'GgabhRto'pi paMca zate ca sASTAdazake caturmuniH // 23 // guruH subhadro jayabhadranAmA paro yazobAhuranantarastataH mahAhalohAryaguruzca ye dadhuH prasiddhamAcAramahAGgamatra te // 24 // mahAtapobhRdvinayaMdharaH zrutAmRSizrutiM guptipadAdikAM dadhan / munIzvaro'nyaH zivaguptisaMjJako guNaiH svamarhadvalirapyadhAtpadam // 25 // samaMdarAryo'pi ca mitravIraviM (?) gurU tathAnyau baladevamitrako / vivardhamAnAya triratnasaMyutaH zriyAnvitaH siMhabalazca vIravit // 26 //

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AcArya jinasena aura unakA harivaMza jarUra sa padmaseno guNapadmakhaMDabhRdguNAgraNIrvyAghrapadAdihastakaH / sa nAgahastI jitadaMDanAmabhRtsa naMdigheNaH prabhudIpasenakaH // 27 // tapodhanaH zrIdharasenanAmakaH sudharmaseno'pi ca siMhasenakaH / sunandiSeNezvarasenako prabhU sunandipreNAbhayasenanAmakau // 28 // sa siddhaseno'bhayabhImasenako gurU parau tau jinazAntiSeNako / akhaMDaSaTrakhaMDamakhaMDitasthitiH samastasiddhAntamadhatta yo'rthataH // 29 // dadhAra karmaprakRtiM ca zrutiM ca yo jitAkSavRttirjayasenasadguruH / prasiddhavaiyAkaraNaprabhAvavAnazeSarAddhAntasamudrapAragaH // 30 // tadIyaziSyo'bhitasenasadguruH pavitra punnATagaNAgraNIgaNI / jinendrasacchAsanavatsalAtmanA tapobhRtAvarSazatAdhijIvinA // 31 // suzAstradAnena vadAnyatAmunA vadAnyamukhyena bhuvi prakAzitA / yadagrajo dharmasahodaraH zamI samagradhIdharma ivAttavigrahaH / / 32 // tapomayIM kIrtimazeSadikSu yaH kSipanbabhau kIrtitakIrtiSaNakaH / tadanaziSyeNa zivAgrasaukhyabhAgariSTanemIzvarabhaktibhUriNA svazaktibhAjA jinasenasUriNA dhiyAlpayoktA hrivNshpddhtiH|| 33 // zAkeSvandazateSu saptasu dizaM paMcottareyUttarAM, pAtIndrAyudhanAmni kRSNanRpaje zrIvallabhe dakSiNAM / pUrvo zrImadavantibhUbhRti nRpe vatsAdirAje'parAM, saurANAmadhimaMDalaM jayayute vIre varAhe'vati / / 53 // kalyANaiH parivardhamAnavipula zrIvardhamAne pure, zrIpAlayanannarAjavasatau paryAptazeSaH purA / pazcAddostaTikAprajAprajanitaprAjyArcanAvarcane (?) ___zAntaH zAntigRhe jinasya racito vaMzo harINAmayam // 54 / / vyutsRSTAparasaMghasantatibRhatpunnATasaMghAnvaye prAptaH zrIjinasenasUrikavinA lAbhAya bodhe punaH / dRSTo'yaM harivaMzapuNyacaritazrIparvataH sarvato vyAptAzAmukhamaNDalaH sthirataraH stheyAtpRthivyAM ciram // 55 // -sarga 66

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hariSeNakA ArAdhanA-kathAkoza upalabdha jaina-kathAkozoMmeM yaha kathAkoza sabase prAcIna hai| isakI racanA zaka saMvat, 853, vi0 saM0 989, meM huI thI aura isakI zlokasaMkhyA sor3ha bAraha hajAra haiN|' digambara sampradAyameM ' ArAdhanA kathAkoza' nAmake do saMskRta grantha aura haiM, eka AcArya prabhAcandrakA gadyavaddha aura dUsarA mallibhUSaNake ziSya bra0 nemidattakA padyavaddha / dUsarA pahalekA anuvAda mAtra hai| ye donoM isa kathAkozakI apekSA parimANameM choTe haiM, isIlie jAna par3atA haiM ki isake sAtha 'bRhat ' vizeSaNa lagA diyA gayA hai / svayaM granthakartAne ise ' kathAkoza' hI likhA hai| __ isameM choTI bar3I saba milAkara 157 kathAyeM haiN| inameM kucha kathAyeM cANakya, zakaTAla, bhadrabAhu, vararuci, svAmi kArtikeya Adi aitihAsika puruSoMse sambandha rakhanevAlI bhI haiM, yadyapi unakA uddezya itihAsakI apekSA ArAdhanAkA mahattva batalAnA adhika hai| isameM bhadrabAhukI jo kathA hai usameM do bAteM vilakSaNa haiM jo anya kathAgranthoMse viruddha jAtI haiM / eka to yaha ki bhadrabAhune bAraha varSoMke ghora durbhikSa par3anekA bhaviSya jAnakara apane tamAma ziSyoMko to dakSiNApatha tathA sindhu Adi dezoMkI ora bheja diyA, para ve svayaM vahIM raha gaye aura phira ujayinIbhava ( nikaTa ?) bhAdrapada deza (sthAna ? ) meM pahu~ca kara unhoMne anazanapUrvaka samAdhimaraNa karake svarga prApta kiyaa| 1 isa kathAkozakI prati pUneke bhANDArakara orieNTala insTiTyUTameM haiM jo vi0 sa0 1868 kI likhI huI hai / yaha jayapurake godhAjIke mandirameM likhI gaI thI aura sambhavataH vahIMse gavarnameNTake lie kharIdI gaI thii| 2 bhadrabAhumunirdhAro bhayasaptakavarjitaH / paMpA-kSudhA-zramaM tIvra jigAya sahasosthitam / / 42

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hariSeNakA ArAdhanA-kathAkoza 435 dUsarI yaha ki ujayinIke rAjA candraguptane bhadrabAhuke hI samIpa dIkSA le lI thI aura yaha candragupta hI Age muni honepara vizAkhAcArya kahalAye jo dazapUrvake dhAriyoMmeM prathama the / ve sarva saMghake svAmI ho gaye aura unhIMke sAtha samasta saMgha guruvAkyake anusAra dakSiNApathake punnATa dezameM pahu~cI / __ anya kathAoM aura zilAlekhoMke anusAra bhadrabAhu AcArya bhI apane ziSyoMke sAtha dakSiNApathako cale gaye the aura unakA svargavAsa zravaNabelagolake candragiriparvatapara huA thA / candragupta unake sAtha hI gaye the aura unakA dUsarA nAma vizAkhAcArya nahIM kintu prabhAcandra thA / yadyapi eka vizAkhAcArya nAmake AcArya bhI usa saMghameM the, parantu ve dUsare hI the, candragupta nahIM / kathAoMkA yaha virodha itihAsajJoMke lie khAsa taurase vicAraNIya hai| dUsare kathAkozoMmeM samantabhadra, akalaMkadeva aura pAtrakesarIkI jo kathAyeM dI haiM ve isameM nahIM haiM / sabase pahale ye kathAyeM prabhAcandra ke kathAkozameM dikhalAI detI haiM aura inakA kucha aspaSTa AbhAsa zravaNabelagolakI za0 saM0 1050 ( vi0 saM0 1188) kI mallipeNa prazastimeM milatA hai / isase sandeha hotA hai ki kahIM inakI racanA kiMvadantiyoM yA pracalita pravAdoMke anusAra hI bAdameM na kI gaI ho| isa granthakI prazastike AThaveM zlokameM ise 'ArAdhanodbhuta' batalAyA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki 'ArAdhanA' nAmaka kisI granthameM jo udAharaNarUpa kathAyeM thIM unheM isameM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| jaise ki zivAryakI bhagavatI ArAdhanAmeM isa tarahake aneka udAharaNa saMketa rUpameM jagaha jagaha diye gaye haiN| DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyekA khayAla hai ki isa granthake kitane eka aMza saMbhavataH kisI prAkRta grantha parase saMskRtameM anUdita hue haiM kyoM ki isameM bahutase prAkRta nAma asAvadhAnIse prAkRta hI raha gaye haiM jaise medaja muni / asalameM yaha metAryakA prApyaM bhAdrapadaM dezaM zrImadujayinIbhavam / cakAzAnazanaM dhIraH sa dinAni bahUnyalam / / 43 ArAdhanAM samArAdhya vidhinA sa caturvidhAm / samAdhimaraNaM prApya bhadrabAhurdivaM yayau / / 44 1 upAdhyAyajIke dvArA yaha grantha sampAdita ho rahA hai aura zIghra hI saMghI-granthamA lAmeM prakAzita hogaa| usakI bhUmikA bahuta mahattvakI hogii|

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa , AkRta rUpa hai / isa tarahake bIsoM zabda isa grantha meM milate haiM / ' bhArate vAsye ( prA0 bhArahe vAse = bhAratavarSe ), vANArasI Adi prayoga bhI aise hI hai / eka hI rAjAkA nAma vidyudde aura vidyuha diyA gayA hai / prAkRta nAma ' vijjudADha hai / paMpA, bikurvvaNA, ityAdi kitane hI zabda aise haiM jo saMskRta graMthoM meM to durmila haiM kiMtu prAkRta graMthoM meM khUba pracalita haiM / ' ArAdhanoddhRta' kA artha ArAdhanA nAmaka prAkRta granthase uddhRta kiyA huA yA liyA huA bhI ho sakatA hai| 436 isake karttA AcArya hariSeNa apanI guruparamparA isa prakAra batalAte haiM-- mauni bhaTTAraka ke ziSya zrIhariSeNa, zrIhariSeNake bharatasena aura bharatasena ke hariSeNa ( granthakarttA ) | apane guru bharatasenako unhoMne chanda-alaMkAra - kAvya-nATaka-zAstroMkA jJAtA, kAvyakA karttA, vyAkaraNajJa, tarkanipuNa aura tattvArthavedI batalAyA hai / kamase kama 'kAvyasya karttA' vizeSaNa spaSTa hI unake kisI kAvya-granthakA saMketa karatA hai / hariSeNa usI punnATa saMghake AcArya haiM jisameM harivaMzapurANa ke kartA jinasena hue haiM aura jisakI carcA pichale lekha meM vistAra se kI jA cukI hai / jisa varddhamAnapura meM harivaMzakI racanA huI thI usImeM yaha kathAkoza bhI racA gayA hai aura aisA jAna par3atA hai ki hariSeNake dAdA guruke guru mauni bhaTTAraka jinasenakI uttaravartI dUsarI tIsarI pIr3hI meM hI hoNge| yadi bIca kI do-tIna pIr3hiyoM kA patA laga jAya to lohArya ke bAda se hariSeNa takakI avicchinna guruparamparA taiyAra ho sakatI hai / hariSeNa varddhamAnapura ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki vaha bar3A samRddha nagara thA, jinake pAsa bahuta sonA thA aise logoMse AbAda thA, vahA~ jaina mandiroMkA samUha thA aura sundara mahala bane hue the / kathAkozakI racanA varddhamAnapura meM usa samaya kI gaI hai jaba ki vahA~para vinAyakapAla nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA aura usakA rAjya zakra yA indrake jaisA vizAla thA / yaha vinAyakapAla pratihAra vaMzakA rAjA jAna par3atA hai jisake sAmrAjyakI rAjadhAnI kannauja thI / usa samaya pratihAroM ke adhikAra meM kevala rAjapUtAne kA hI adhikAMza bhAga nahIM, gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, madhyabhArata aura uttara meM satalajase lekara bihAra takakA pradeza thA / yaha mahArAjAdhirAja mahendrapAlakA putra thA aura apane bhAiyoM mahIpAla aura bhoja ( dvitIya ) ke bAda gaddI para baiThA thA / kathAkozakI racanAke lagabhaga eka hI varSa pahalekA, vi0 saM0 955 kA isakA

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hariSeNakA ArAdhanA-kathAkoza 437 eka dona-patra bhI milA hai| kAThiyAvAr3ake haDDAlA gA~vameM vinAyakapAlake bar3e bhAI mahIpAlake samayakA bhI za0 saM0 836 ( vi0 saM0 971) kA eka dAnapatra milA hai jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya varddhamAnapura yA bar3havANameM usake sAmanta cApavaMzI dharaNIvarAhakA adhikAra thaa| isake sirpha 17 varSa bAda hI bar3havANameM kathAkozakI racanA huI hai, ataeva usa samaya bhI bar3havANameM pratihAroMke kisI sAmantakA adhikAra honekI saMbhAvanA hai / parantu jAna par3atA hai hariSeNane mukhya mahArAjAdhirAjakA hI nAma diyA hai, aura usake rAjyako zakra ( indra ) ke rAjyake samAna batalAyA hai, usake sAmantakA nAma denekI jarUrata nahIM samajhI hai| pratihAravaMzake mahArAjAoMne kabase kaba taka rAjya kiyA, isake ThIka ThIka jAnaneke pUre sAdhana abhI taka upalabdha nahIM hue haiN| vinAyakapAlake bAda hI pratihAra vaMza nirbala hone lagA thA, aura usake sAmanta svataMtra banane lage the| hariSeNake bAda punnATasaMghake muniyoMkA kAThiyAvAr3ameM aura kaba taka astitva rahA, isakA koI patA nahIM cltaa| antameM hariSeNake kathAkozake prAraMbhakA maMgalAcaraNa aura antakI prazasti dekara hama isa lekhako samApta karate haiM: zriyaM parAM prAptamanantabodhaM munIndradevendranarendravandham / nirastakandarpagajendradarpa namAmyahaM vIrajinaM pavitram // 1 // vighno na jAyate nUnaM na kSudrAmaralaMghanam / / na bhayaM bhavyasattvAnAM jinamaMgalakAriNAm / / 2 / / ji (ja) nasya sarvasya kRtAnurAgaM vipazcitAM karNarasAyanaM ca / samAsataH sAdhumanobhirAmaM paraM kathAkozamahaM pravakSye // 3 // 1 iNDiyana eNTikverI jilda, 15 pR0 140-41 / dAnapatrameM pahale saM0 188 par3hA gayA thA aura use harSa saMvat mAna liyA thA parantu ma0 ma0 ojhAjIne usakA zuddha pATha saM0 988 par3hA hai / 2 dekho ojhAjIkA rAjapUtAnekA itihAsa jilda 1,

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438 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa yo bodhako bhavyakumudtInAM niHshessraaddhaantvcomyuukhaiH| punnATasaMghAMbarasanivAsI zrImaunibhaTTArakapUrNacandraH / / 3 jainAlayavAtavirAjitAnte candrAvadAtadyutisaudhajAle / kArtasvarApUrNajanAdhivAse zrIvardhamAnAkhyapure vasansaH // 4 sArAgamAhitamatirviduSAM prapUjyo nAnAtapovidhividhAnakaro vineyaH / tasyAbhavadguNanidhirjanatAbhivaMdyaH zrIzabdapUrvapadako hariSeNasaMjJaH // 5 chandolaMkRtikAvyanATakacaNaH kAvyasya kartA sato, vettA vyAkaraNasya tarkanipuNastattvArthavedI paraM / nAnAzAstravicakSaNo budhagaNaiH sevyo vizuddhAzayaH, senAnto bharatAdiratra paramaH ziSyaH babhUva kSitau // 6 lakSyalakSaNavidhAnavihInazchandasApi rahitaH pramayA ca / tasya zubhrayazaso hi vineyaH saMbabhUva vinayI hariSeNaH // 7 ArAdhanoddhRtaH pathyo bhavyAnAM bhAvitAtmanAm / hariSeNakRto bhAti kathAkozo mahItale // 8 . hInAdhikaM cArukathAprabandhaM khyAtaM yadasmAbhiratipramugdhaiH / mAtsaryahInAH kavayo dharAyAM tacchodhayantu sphuTamAdareNa // 9 bhadraM bhUyAjinAnAM nirupamayazasAM zAsanAya prakAma, jaino dharmopi jIyAjjagati hitatamo dehabhAjAM samastam / rAjAno'vantu lokaM sakalamatitarAM cAruvAto'nukUlaH, sarve zAmyantu sattvAH jinavaravRSabhAH santu mokSapradA naH // 10 navASTanavakeSveSu sthAneSu triSu jAyataH / vikramAdityakAlasya parimANamidaM sphuTam // 11 zataiSvaSTasu vispaSTaM paMcAzat vyAdhikeSu ca / zakakAlasya satyasya parimANamidaM bhavet // 12 saMvatsare caturvize vartamAne kharAbhidhe / vinayAdikapAlasya rAjye zakropamAnake // 13 evaM yathAkramokteSu kAlarAjyeSu satsu ko|

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hariSeNakA ArAdhanA-kathAkoza 439 kathAkozo'yamIkSo bhavyAnAM malanAzanaH / paThatAM zraNvatAM nityaM vyAkhyAtRNAM ca sarvadA // 15 sahasaidvAdazairbaddho nUnaM paMcazatAnvitaiH / jindhrmshrutodyuktairsmaabhirmtivrjitaiH|| 16 saMvat 1868 kA mAsottamamAse jeThamAsa zuklapakSa caturthyAM tithau sUryavAre zrImUlasaMghe nandyAmnAye balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kundakundAcAryAnvaye bhaTTArakajI zrImahendrakIrtijI tatpaTTe bhaTTArakajI zrIkSemendrakIrtijI tatpaTTe bhaTTArakajI zrIsurendrakIrtijI tatpaTTe bhaTTArakaziromaNI bhaTTArakajI zrIsukhendrakIrtijI tadAmnAye savAI jayanagare zrImanneminAthacaityAlaye godhAkhyamandire paMDitottamapaMDitajI zrIsaMtoSarAmajI tatsikhya paMDita vaSatarAmajI tacchiSya harivaMzadAsajI tattikhya kRSNacandraH teSAM madhye vaSatarAmakRSNacaMdrAbhyAM jJAnAvaraNIkarmakSayArtha bRhadArAdhanAkathAkozAkhyaM grantha svAzayena liSitaM zrotRvaktRjanAnAmidaM zAstraM maMgalaM bhavatu /

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AcArya zubhacandra aura unakA samaya AcArya zubhacandrakA ' jJAnArNava' yA 'yogapradIpa' digambara sampradAyakA prasiddha grantha hai| parantu ye zubhacandra kisa saMgha yA gaNa gacchake the aura unake gurukA kyA nAma thA, isakA abhI taka koI patA nahIM claa| nidAna granthakI upalabdha pratiyoMmeM to isakA koI saMketa nahIM miltaa| zubhacandra nAmake aura bhI kaI AcArya ho gaye haiM', parantu ve saba inase bhinna mAlUma hote haiM / vizvabhUSaNa bhaTTArakake 'bhaktAmara-carita' nAmaka saMskRta granthakI utthAnikAmeM zubhacandra aura bhartRharikI eka lambI kathA dI hai jisake anusAra zubhacandra tathA bhartRhari ujjayinIke rAjA sindhulake putra the aura sindhulake paidA honeke pahale unake pitAne muMjako eka pUMjake khetameM par3A huA pAkara pAla liyA thaa| eka dina zubhacandra aura bhartRharike asIma balako dekhakara muMjane unheM maravA DAlanekA vicAra kiyA aura isakA patA laga jAnepara una donoMko saMsArase virakti ho gii| taba zubhacandrane to jainadharmakI dIkSA le lI aura bhatRharine kaula yA tAMtrika matakI / bhatRharine bAraha varSameM jo aneka siddhiyA~ prApta kI unameM eka aise rasakI siddhi bhI thI jisake saMyogase tA~bA sonA ho jAtA thaa| yaha rasa unhoMne apane bhAIko diyA, parantu bhAI zubhacandrane use tuccha samajhakara pheMka diyA aura apane pairoMke nIcekI dhUla DAlakara eka pUrIkI pUrI zilA sonekI banA dI ! bhatRhariko apanI tucchatAkA bhAna huA aura antameM unhoMne bhI jina-dIkSA le lii| phira unheM bhuni-mArgameM dRDha karane aura sacce yogakA jJAna karAneke lie zubhacandrane isa 1 eka zubhacandrakA jikra zravaNabelgolake 43 veM nambarake zilAlekhameM hai jo gaNDavimukta maladhAridevake ziSya the aura jinakA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1180 meM huA thA, dUsare zubhacandra una devakIrtike ziSya the jinakA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1220 meM huA thA aura jinakA 39 veM zilAlekhameM varNana hai / 2 yaha kathA rAyacandra-zAstramAlAdvArA prakAzita 'zAnArNava'ke prArambhameM prakAzita huI hai|

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AcArya zubhacandra aura unakA samaya yogapradIpa yA jJAnArNavakI racanA kii| Age itanA aura kahA gayA hai ki muMjane siMhalakI A~kheM phur3avA dI aura unake jo bhoja nAmakA putra huA usako bhI maravA DAlanekA prayatna kiyaa| kathAke uttarArdhameM kAlidAsa, vararuci, dhanaMjaya aura mAnatuMgasUriko bhojakA samakAlIna batalAyA hai aura bhaktAmarastotrake prabhAvase mAnatuMgakA 48 ber3iyA~ tor3akara bandIgRhase bAhara nikala AnekI ghaTanAkA bhI varNana kiyA hai| ___ yaha kathA kevala jainadharmakA mahattva prakaTa karaneke lie gar3hI gaI hai, itihAsakA isameM sarvathA abhAva hai / bhartRhari, zubhacandra aura sindhula tathA muMjako samasAmayika batalAnA dussAhasa hI hai / kahA~ vikramakI gyArahavIM sadIke muMja aura sindhula aura kahA~ sAtavIM AThavIM zatAbdike bhartRhari ? isI taraha kahA~ kAlidAsa jo vikramAdityakI sabhAke ratna samajhe jAte haiM, kahA~ mahAkavi dhanaMjaya jinakI nAmamAlAkA eka zloka dhavalA TIkAmeM vIrasenaMsvAmIne uddhRta kiyA hai, kahA~ nandavaMzake samayake vararuci, kahA~ harSavarddhanake samakAlIna mAnatuMgasUri aura kahA~ vikramakI bArahavIM sadIke bhojadeva / 1 kathAkA yaha uttarArdha mere bhASApadyAnuvAdasahita AdinAtha-ratotrakI prArambhika AvRttiyAmeM prakAzita huA hai| 2 cInI yAtrI huenasAMgane jo vi0 saM0 686 se 702 taka bhAratavarSa meM rahA thA bhartRharike viSayameM likhA hai ki ve isa samaya bahuta prakhyAta paMDita haiN| 3 sara viliyama jaunsa, DA0 piTarsana, paM0 nandargIkara Adi vidvAn kAlidAsako vikramAdityakA samakAlIna arthAt I0 sa0 se 57 varSa pahale kA anumAna karate haiM aura kucha vidvAn guptakAlakA-candragupta dvitIya yA kumAragupta aura samudraguptakA-samakAlIna batalAte haiM / vi0 saM0 691 ke jaina kavi ravikItine apaneko kAlidAsa aura bhAravikI koTikA kavi batalAyA hai| isalie kamase kama isake bAda to kAlidAsa ho hI nahIM skte| 4 dekho dhavalA TIkAkI bhUmikA pR0 62 / dhavalA TIkA za0 saM0 738 ( vi0 saM0 873 ) meM bhojadevase koI do zatAbdi pahale samApta huI thii| 5 vararucikA dUsarA nAma kAtyAyana hai / ye prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa haiM / inakA kAla I0 sa0 se 350 varSa pahale anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / 6 bhojadevakA astitvakAla vi0 saM0 1076 se 1099 taka hai

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442 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa ballAla kavike bhojaprabandhake samAna isa kathAmeM bhI cAhe jisa purAne kaviko bhojadevakI sabhAmeM lAkara khar3A kara diyA gayA hai / ataeva isa tarahakI kathAoMmeM sacce itihAsakI khoja karanA hI galata hai / hameM ina kathAoMko chor3akara svataMtra rUpase hI AcArya zubhacandrake aura unake jJAnArNavake samayapara vicAra karanA caahie| jJAnArNavake prArambhameM samantabhadra, devanandi, bhaTTAkalaMka aura jinasenakA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura inameM sabase pichale jinasenasvAmI haiM jinhoMne jayadhavalA TIkAkA zeSabhAga vi0 saM0 894 meM samApta kiyA thA / isase nizcita ho gayA ki jJAnArNavakI racanA vi0 saM0 894 ke bAda kisI samaya huI hai / _ aba yaha dekhanA cAhie ki vi0 894 ke kitane bAda huI / jJAnArNavake 'guNadoSavicAra' nAmaka prakaraNa (pR0 75) meM nIce likhe tIna zloka 'uktaM ca granthAntare' kahakara uddhRta kiye gaye haiM jJAnahIne kriyA puMsi paraM nArabhate phalam / tarozchAyeva kiM labhyA phalazrInaSTadRSTibhiH // 1 jJAnaM paGgo kriyA cAndhe niHzraddhe nArthakRvyam / tato jJAnaM kriyA zraddhA trayaM tatpadakAraNam // 2 hataM jJAnaM kriyAzUnyaM hatA cAjJAninaH kriyA / dhAvannapyandhako naSTaH pazyannapi ca paMgukaH // 3 ye tInoM zloka yazastilaka campUke chaThe AzvAsa (pR0 271) meM jyoMke tyoM isI kramase diye hue haiN| inameMse pahale donoM svayaM yazastilakakarttA somadevake haiM aura tIsarA yazastilako 'uktaM ca' kahakara kisI anya granthase uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| akalaMkadevake rAjavArtikameM bhI yaha zloka kiMcit pATha-bhedake sAtha 'uktaM ca' rUpase uddhRta pAyA jAtA hai aura isase yaha zloka kisI anya prAcIna granthakA jAna par3atA hai / jJAnArNavake kartAke lie ye tInoM hI anyakRta the, isalie unhoMne tInoMko 'uktaM ca granthAntare' kahakara uddhRta kara diyaa| yazastilakakI racanA vi0 saM0 1016 meM huI hai, isa lie siddha huA ki jJAnArNava isake bhI bAdakA grantha hai| jJAnArNava (pR0 177 ) meM eka zloka puruSArthasiddhayupAyakA bhI ( 'mithyAtvavedarAgA'Adi) uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, parantu usake kartA amRtacandrAcAryakA

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AcArya zubhacandra aura unakA samaya 443 samaya bhI abhI taka anirNIta hai, isalie vaha eka tarahase nirupayogI hI hai itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki zubhacandra amRtacandra ke paravartI haiM / eka prAcIna prati pATaNa (gujarAta) ke khetaravasI nAmaka zvetAmbara jaina-bhaNDArameM (naM0 13) zrIzubhacandrAkAryakRta jJAnArNavakI vaizAkha sudI 10 zukravAra saMvat 1294 kI likhI huI eka prAcIna prati hai, jisameM 1542 sAijake 207 patra haiM / usase jJAnArNavake samayakI uttarasImA nizcita ho jAtI hai / ukta pratike antameM jo kartAoMkI lipi-prazastiyA~ haiM ve aneka dRSTiyoMse bar3e mahatvakI haiM, isa lie unheM yahA~ prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai "iti jJAnArNave yogapradIpAdhikAre paMDitAcAryazrIzubhacandraviracite mokssprkrnnm| asyAM zrImannRpuryA zrImadahadevacaraNakamalacaMcarIkaH sujanajanahRdayaparamAnandakandalIkandaH zrImAthurAnvayasamudracandrAyamAno bhavyAtmA paramazrAvakaH zrInemicandro nAmAbhUta / tasyAkhila-vijJAnakalAkauzala-zAlinI satI pativratAdiguNaguNAlaMkAra bhUSita zarIrA nijamanovRttirivAvyabhicAriNI svarNAnAma dharmapatnI saMjAtA / atha tayoH samAsAditadharmArthakAmaphalayoH svakulakumudavanacandralekhA nijavaMza vaijayantI sarvalakSaNAlaMkRtazarIrA jAhiNi-nAma-putrikA samutpannA / cha / tato gokarNa-zrIcadrau sutau jAto manoramau / guNaratnAkarau bhavyau rAmalakSmaNasannibhau // sA putrI nemicandrasya jinazAsanavatsalA / vivekavinayopetA samyagdarzanalAMchitA // jJAtvA saMsAravaicitryaM phalgutAM ca nRjanmanaH / tapase niragAdgehAt zAntacittA susaMyatA // bAndhavairvAryamANApi praNa (ya) taiH zAstralocanaiH / manAgapi mano yasyA na preraNA kazmalIkRtaM / gRhItaM munipAdAMte tayA saMyatikAvrataM / svIkRtaM ca manaHzuddhayA ratnatrayamakhaMDitam / / tayA viraktayAtyaMta nave vayasi yauvane / ArabdhaM tattapaH kartuM yatsatAM sAdhviti stutaM //

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444 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa yamavratatapodyogaiH svAdhyAyadhyAnasaMyamaiH / kAyaklezAdyanuSThAnahItaM janmanaH phalam / / tapobhiduSkarairnityaM bAhyAnta dalakSaNaiH / kaSAyaripubhiH sArdha niHzeSaM zoSitaM vapuH // vinayAcArasampatyA saMghaH sarvopyupAsitaH / vaiyAvRtyodyamAtazazvatkIrtiItA digaMtare // kimiyaM bhAratI devI kimiyaM zAsanadevatA / dRSTapUrvairapi prAyaH paurairiti vitaya'te // tayA karmakSayasyArtha dhyAnAdhyayanazAline / tapaH zrutanidhAnAya tattvajJAya mahAtmane / rAgAdiripumallAya zubhacandrAya yogine / likhApya pustakaM dattamidaM jJAnArNavAbhidham / / saMvat 1284 varSe vaizAkhasudi 10 zukre gomaMDale digambararAjakula-sahasrakIrti (ta) syArthe paM0 kezarisutavIsalena likhitamiti / " bhAvArtha---isa nRpurImeM arahaMta bhagavAnke caraNa-kamaloMkA bhramara, sajanoMke hRdayako paramAnanda denevAlA, mAthurasaMgharUpa samudrako ullasita karanevAlA, bhavyAtmA zrInemicandra nAmakA parama zrAvaka huA, jisakI dharmapatnIkA nAma svarNA thA jo ki akhila vijJAnakalAoMmeM kuzala, satI, pAtivratyAdi-guNoMse bhUSita aura apanI manovRttike hI samAna avyabhicAriNI thI / dharma, artha aura kAmako sevana karanevAle ina donoMke jAhiNI nAmakI putrI huI, jo apane kularUpa kumudavanakI candralekhA, nijavaMzakI vaijayantI ( dhvajA) aura sarvalakSaNoMse zobhita thii| isake bAda isa dampatike rAma aura lakSmaNake samAna gokarNa aura zrIcandra nAmake do sundara, guNI aura bhavya putra utpanna hue / phira nemicandrakI vaha jinazAsanavatsalA, viveka-vinayazIlA aura samyagdarzanavatI putrI ( jAhiNI ) saMsArakI vicitratA tathA narajanmakI niSphalatAko jAnakara tapake lie gharase cala dii| vaha zAntacitta aura atizaya saMyata thii| zAstrajJa bandhujanoMke prayatna-pUrvaka rokanepara bhI usake manako prema yA mohane jarA bhI mailA na hone diyaa| Akhira usane muniyoMke caraNoMke nikaTa AryikAke vrata le liye aura manakI

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AcArya zubhacandra aura unakA samaya 445 zuddhise akhaMDita ratnatrayako svIkAra kiyA / ___ usa viraktAne navayauvanakI umrameM aisA kaThina tapa karanA Arambha kiyA ki sajanoMne usakI 'sAdhu sAdhu' kahakara stuti kii| / usane yama, vrata aura tapake udyogase, svAdhyAya dhyAna aura saMyamase tathA kAyaklezAdi anuSThAnoMse apane janmako saphala kiyA / / usane nirantara bAhya aura antaraMga duSkara tapa tapakara kaSAya-ripuoMke sAtha sAtha apane sAre zarIrako bhI sukhA ddaalaa| / usane apanI vinayAcAra-sampattise sAre saMghakI upAsanA kI aura vaiyAvRtti karake apanI kIrtiko digantaroMtaka pahu~cA diyA / jina paurajanoMne use pahale dekhA thA ve bhI isa tarahakA vitarka karane lage ki na jAne yaha sAkSAt bhAratI ( sarasvatI) devI hai yA zAsanadevatA hai|| usa jAhiNI AthikAne karmoMke kSayake lie yaha jJAnArNava nAmakI pustaka dhyAna-adhyayanazAlI, tapa aura zAstrake nidhAna, tattvoMke jJAtA aura rAgAdiripuoMko parAjita karanevAle malla jaise zubhacandra yogIko likhAkara dii| vaizAkha sudI 10, zukravAra, vi0 saM0 1284 ko gomaMDala ( goMDalakAThiyAvAr3a ) meM digambara rAjakula (bhaTTAraka ? ) sahasrakIrtike lie paM0 kezarIke putra vIsalane likhii| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki isa pustakameM lipi-karttAoMkI do prazastiyA~ haiM / pahalI prazastimeM to lipika kA nAma aura lipi karanekA samaya nahIM diyA hai, sirpha lipi karAnevAlI jAhiNIkA paricaya aura jinheM prati bheMTa kI gaI hai unakA nAma diyA hai| hamArI samajhameM AryikA jAhiNIne jisa lekhakase ukta prati likhAI hogI, usakA nAma aura samaya bhI antameM avazya diyA hogA; parantu dUsare lekhakane ukta pahalI pratikA vaha aMza anAvazyaka samajhakara chor3a diyA hogA aura apanA nAma aura samaya antameM likha diyA hogA / isa dUsarI pratike lekhaka paM0 kezarIke putra vIsala haiM aura unhoMne goMDalameM zrIsahasrakIrtike lie ise likhA thA jaba ki pahalI prati nRpurImeM zrIzubhacandra yogIke lie likhAkara dI gaI thii| jaba dUsarI prati vi0 saM0 1284 kI likhI huI hai, taba pahalI prati avazya hI usase kAphI pahale likhI gaI hogii| nRpurI sthAna kahA~ hai, ThIka ThIka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / saMbhava hai, yaha gvAliyara rAjyakA naravara ho / narapura aura

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446 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa nRpura ( strIliMga nRpurI) eka ho sakate haiM / narapurase naraura aura phira naravara rUpa sahaja hI bana jAte haiN| gomaMDala aura goMDala eka hI haiM / gomaMDalakA hI apabhraMzarUpa goMDala hai| abhI kucha samaya pahale DA0 ha~samukhalAla sA~kaliyAne goMDala rAjyake DhAMka nAmaka sthAnakI prAcIna jaina guphAoMke viSayameM eka lekha prakAzita kiyA thA, jahA~se ki bahuta-sI digambara pratimAyeM prApta huI haiM / yaha sthAna jUnAgar3hase 30 mIla uttara-pazcimakI tarapha goMDala rAjyake antargata hai / cU~ ki isa samaya goMDala aura usake AsapAsa digambara-sampradAyake anuyAyiyoMkA prAyaH abhAva hai, isalie DA0 sAhabane anumAna kiyA thA ki ukta pratimAyeM usa samayakI hogI jaba digambara-zvetAmbara bheda hue adhika samaya na bItA thA aura donoMmeM Ajakalake samAna vaimanasya na thA / ukta lekha jainaprakAza ( bhAga 4 aMka 1-2 ) meM prakAzita huA hai aura usapara sampAdaka mahAzayane apanA yaha noTa diyA hai ki pahale zvetAmbara bhI nirvastra yA digambara mUrtiyoM kI pUjA karate the| ___ yaha bAta sahI hai ki pahale zvetAmbara bhAI bhI nirvastra mUrtiyoMkI pUjA karate the, laMgoTa Adi cihnoMvAlI pratimAyeM pratiSThita karanekI paddhati bahuta pIche zurU huI hai aura yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki DhAMkakI guphAoMkI mUrtiyA~ mathurAke kaMkAlI TIlekI mUrtiyoM ke samAna bahuta prAcIna kAlakI hoM; parantu yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki isa samaya goMDalarAjyameM digambara-sampradAyake anuyAyI nahIM hai, isalie pahale bhI na rahe hoNge| jJAnArNavakI vIsalakI likhI huI ukta pratise mAlUma hotA hai ki vikramakI terahavIM zatAbdimeM goMDalameM digambara sampradAya thA aura usake sahasrakIrti nAmaka sAdhuke lie vaha likhI gaI thI / sahasrakIrti digambara sampradAyake bhaTTAraka the, aura isalie vahA~ unake anuyAyI bhI kAphI rahe hoMge / kAThiyAvAr3ake hI varddhamAnapurameM jo isa samaya bar3havANake nAmase prasiddha hai AcArya jinasenane apanA harivaMzapurANa za0 saM0 705 meM aura hariSeNane apanA kathAkoza za0 saM0 853 meM samApta kiyA thaa| ataeva kAThiyAvAr3ameM digambarasampradAya kAphI prAcIna kAlase rahA hai / pahalI prazastimeM eka vilakSaNa bAta yaha hai ki AryikA jAhiNIne vaha prati dhyAnAdhyayanazAlI, tapa:zrutanidhAna, tattvajJa, rAgAdiripumalla aura yogI zubhacandrako bheMTa kI hai aura jJAnArNava yA yogapradIpake kartA bhI zubhacandrAcArya hI mAne jAte

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AcArya zubhacandra aura unakA samaya haiM / ukta vizeSaNa bhI unake lie sarvathA upayukta mAlUma hote haiM / aisI hAlata meM prazna hotA hai ki kyA jAhiNIne svayaM granthakarttAko hI unakA grantha likhakara bheMTa kiyA gayA hogA ? asaMbhava na honepara bhI yaha bAta kucha vicitra sI jarUra mAlUma hotI hai / yadi aisA hotA to prazasti meM AryikA kI ora se isa bAtakA bhI saMketa kiyA jAtA ki zubhacandra yogI ko unhIM kI racanA likhakara bheMTa kI jAtI hai / isalie yahI anumAna karanA par3atA hai ki granthakartAke atirikta unhIM ke nAmake koI dUsare zubhacandra yogI the jinheM isa pratikA dAna kiyA gayA hai / aksara AcArya-paramparAoMmeM jo nAma eka AcAryakA hotA thA vahI usake praziSyakA bhI milatA hai, jisa taraha dharmaparIkSA ke karttA amitagatika paradAdA gurukA bhI nAma amitagati thA / bahuta saMbhava hai ki jina zubhacandra yogIko ukta prati dAna kI gaI hai, granthakarttA unake hI praguru ( dAdA guru ) yA praguruke bhI guru hoM / isake sivAya zubhacandra nAma kucha aisA lokapriya rahA hai ki isa nAmake bIsoM AcArya ho gaye haiM / 447 pATaNakI ukta prati vi0 saM0 1284 kI likhI huI hai aura AryikA jAhiNIvAlI prati yadi usase adhika nahIM pacIsa-tAsa varSa pahale kI bhI samajha lI jAye aura grantha usa pratise kevala tIsa cAlIsa varSa pahale hI racA gayA ho, to vikramakI bArahavIM zatAbdi ke antima pAdase bhI pahale jJAnArNavakI racanAkA samaya jA pahu~catA hai / yogazAstra aura jJAnArNava prasiddha zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstra aura jJAnArNavameM bahuta adhika samAnatA hai / yogazAstra ke pA~caveM prakAzase lekara gyArahaveM prakAza takakA prANAyAma aura dhyAnavAlA bhAga jJAnArNavake untIsavese lekara byAlIsaveM takake sargoM kI eka tarahase nakala hI mAlUma hotA hai / chanda-parivartana ke kAraNa jo thor3e bahuta zabda badalane par3e haiM unake sivAya sampUrNa viSaya donoM granthoMmeM prAyaH eka-sA hai / isI taraha cauthe prakAzameM kaSAyajayakA upaya indriyajaya, indriyajayakA upAya manaH zuddhi, usakA upAya rAgadveSakA jaya, usakA upAya samatva aura samatvakI prApti hI dhyAnakI mukhya yogyatA hai, aisA jo koTi-krama diyA hai, vaha bhI 1 pahalI prati naravara ( mAlavA ) meM likhI gaI thI aura dUsarI goMDala ( kAThiyAvAr3a ) meM / mAlavese goMDala usa samayakI dRSTise kAphI dUra hai /

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa jJAnArNavake 21 se 27 taka ke saga~ meM zabdazaH aura arthazaH eka jaisA hai / anityAdi bhAvanAoMkA aura ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM kA varNana bhI kamase kama zailI kI dRSTi se samAna hai / zabda sAmya bhI jagaha jagaha dikhAI detA hai / kucha namUne dekhiekimpAkaphalasaMbhogasannibhaM taddhi maithunam / ApAtamAtra ramyaM syAdvipAke'tyantabhItidam / -- jJAnArNava pR0 134 ramyamApAtamAtre yatpariNAme'tidAruNam / kimpAkaphala-saMkAzaM tatkaH seveta maithunam // 78 // 448 - yogazAstra dvi0 pra0 virajya kAmabhogeSu vimucya vapuSi spRhAm / yasya cittaM sthirIbhUtaM sa hi dhyAtA prazasyate // 3 svarNAcala ivAkampA jyotiH patha ivAmalAH / samIra iva niHsaGgA nirmamatvaM samAzritAH || 15 - jJAnArNava pR0 84-86 virataH kAmabhogebhyaH svazarIre'pi niHspRhaH / saMvegahRnnirmagnaH sarvatra samatAzrayan // 5 sumeruriva niSkampaH zazIvAnandadAyakaH / samIra iva nissaMgaH sudhIrdhyAtA prazasyate || 16 yogazAstra saptam pra0 AcArya hemacandrakA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1229 meM huA hai / vividha viSayoMpara unhoMne saikar3oM granthoMkI racanA kI hai / yogazAstra mahArAjA kumArapAlake kahane se racA gayA thA aura unakA kumArapAlase adhika nikaTakA paricaya vi0 saM0 1207 ke bAda huA thA / ataeva yogazAstra vi0 saM0 1207 se lekara 1229 takake bIca kisI samaya meM racA gayA hai / yaha to nizcita hai ki zubhacandra aura hemacandra domeMse kisI ekake sAmane dUsarekA grantha maujUda thA / parantu jabataka zubhacandrakA ThIka samaya nizcit nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka z2ora dekara yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki kisane kisakA anukaraNa aura anuvAda kiyA hai / ' uktaM ca ' zlokoMkI khoja karate hue hameM mudrita jJAnArNavake 286 pR0 -

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AcArya zubhacandra aura unakA samaya ( sarga 29 ) meM nIce likhe do zloka isa prakAra mileuktaM ca zlokadvayaM samAkRSya yadA prANadhAraNaM sa tu pUrakaH / nAbhimadhye sthirIkRtya rodhanaM sa tu kuMbhakaH // yatkoSThAdatiyatnena nAsA brahmapurAtanaiH / bahiHprakSepaNaM vAyoH sa recaka iti smRtaH / / aura yahI zloka hemacandrake yogazAstrake pA~caveM prakAzameM naM0 6 aura 7 para maujUda haiM / sirpha itanA antara hai ki yogazAstrameM 'nAbhimadhye' kI jagaha 'nAbhipadma' aura 'purAtanaiH' kI jagaha 'purAnanaiH ' pATha hai| __ isase yaha anumAna hotA hai ki jJAnArNava yogazAstrake bAdakI racanA hai aura usake karttAne ina zlokoMko yogazAstra parase hI uThAyA hai / parantu hameM isa viSayameM mudrita pratipara vizvAsa na huA aura hamane jJAnArNavakI hastalikhita pratiyoMkI khoja kii| bambaIke terahapanthI jainamandirake bhaNDArameM jJAnArNavakI eka 1747 sAIjakI hastalikhita prAcIna prati hai, jisake prArambhake 34 patra (strIsvarUpapratipAdaka prakaraNake 46 ve padya taka ) to saMskRta TIkAsahita haiM aura Ageke patra binA TIkAke haiM / parantu unake nIce TIkAke lie jagaha chor3I huI hai / TIkAkartA kauna haiM, so mAlUma nahIM hotA / ve maMgalAcaraNa Adi kucha na karake isa taraha TIkA zurU kara dete haiM___oM namaH siddhebhyaH / ahaM zrIzubhacandrAcAryaH paramAtmAnamavyayaM naumi namAmi ki bhUtaM paramAtmAnaM ajaM janmarahitaM punaH ki bhUtaM paramAtmAnaM avyayaM vinAzarahitaM punaH ki bhUtaM paramAtmAnaM niSThitArtha niSpannArtha punaH ki bhUtaM paramAtmAnaM jJAnalakSmIghanAzleSaprabhavAnandananditaM jJAnameva lakSmIstasyA yo'sau ghanAzleSaM nivir3AleSastasmAt prabhava utpanno yo'sau Anandastena nanditam / " isa pratike zurUke patroMke UparakA hissA kucha jala-sA gayA hai aura kahIM kahIMke kucha aMza jhar3a gaye haiM / prAraMbhake patrakI pIThapara kAgaja cipakAkara bar3I sAvadhAnIse marammata kI gaI hai| pUrI prati eka hI lekhakakI likhI huI mAlUma hotI hai / yadyapi granthAntameM lipikartAkA nAma tithi, saMvat Adi kucha bhI nahIM hai, phira bhI hamAre anumAnase vaha Der3ha-do sau varSase idharakI likhI huI nahIM hai|

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450 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa isa pratimeM hamane dekhA ki prANAyAma-sambandhI ve do ' uktaM ca ' padya haiM hI nahIM, jo chapI huI pratimeM diye haiM aura jo AcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstrake haiN| taba ye chapI pratimeM kahA~se Aye ? sva0 paM0 pannAlAlajI vAkalIvAlane paM. jayacandrajIkI bhASA vacanikAko hI khar3I bAlImeM parivartita karake jJAnArNava chapAyA thaa| isalie hamane paM0 jayacandrajIkI vacanikAvAlI prati bhI terahapanthI mandirake bhaMDArase nikalavAkara dekhii| mAlUma huA ki unhoMne ina zlokoMko uddhRta karate hue likhA hai-" ihA~ uktaM ca doya zloka haiM-" paM. jayacandrajIne apanI ukta vacanikA mAgha sudI paMcamI bhaguvAra saMvat 1808 ko samApta kI thii| yA to ina zlokoMko prakaraNopayogI samajha kara svayaM paM0 jayacandrajIne hI yogazAstra parase 'uktaM ca' rUpameM uThA liyA hogA yA phira unake pAsa jo mUla prati rahI hogI usameM hI kisIne uddhRta kara diyA hogaa| parantu mUlakI sabhI pratiyoMmeM ye zloka na hoMge / nidAna do sau varSase purAnI pratiyoMmeM to nahIM hI hoMge / pAThakoMko cAhie ki ve prAcIna pratiyoMko isake lie dekheM / lipikartAoMkI kRpAse 'uktaM ca' padyoMke viSayameM isa tarahakI gar3abar3a aksara huA karatI hai aura yaha gar3abar3a samaya-nirNaya karate samaya bar3I jhaMjhaTeM khar3I kara diyA karatI hai| jJAnArNavakI chapI huI pratiko hI dekhie / isake pRSTha 431 ( prakaraNa 42 ) ke 'zuciguNayogAd' Adi padyako 'uktaM ca' nahIM likhA hai parantu terahapanthI maMdirakI ukta saMskRtaTIkAvAlI pratimeM yaha ' uktaM ca' hai / paM0 jayacaMdrajIkI vacanikAmeM bhI ise 'uktaM ca AryA' karake likhA hai, parantu chapAnevAloMne 'uktaM ca' chor3a diyA hai ! isI taraha ar3atIsaveM prakaraNameM saMskRtaTIkAvAlI pratimeM aura vacanikAmeM bhI 'zaMkhendukundadhavalA dhyAnAddevAstrayo vidhAnena' Adi 1 paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtArane bhI eka zlokake sambandhameM likhA thA ki vaha 'zAnArNava ' kA nahIM hai kintu ' iSTopadeza' se yA kisI purAne granthase uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, jaba ki zAnArNavakI chapI pratimeM 'uktaM ca ' na likhakara use mUlakA banA diyA gayA hai -dekho jainahitaipI bhAga, 15, pR0 197-98 meM ' jJAnArNavake eka padyakI jA~ca / '

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AcArya zubhacandra aura unakA samaya 451 padya 'uktaM ca' karake diyA hai parantu chapI huI pratimeM yaha mUlameM hI zAmila kara liyA gayA hai| _ 'dhyeyaM syAdvItarAgasya' Adi padya chapI pratike 407 pRSThameM 'uktaM ca' hai parantu pUrvokta saTIka pratimeM ise 'uktaM ca' na likhakara isake Ageke 'vItarAgo bhavedyogI' padyako 'uktaM ca' likhA hai aura chapImeM tathA vacanikAmeM bhI, donoMko hI 'uktaM ca / 'uktaM ca' padyoMke sambandhameM chapI aura saTIka tathA vacanikAvAlI pratiyoM meM isI taraha aura bhI kaI jagaha farka hai, jo sthAnAbhAvase nahIM batalAyA jA skaa| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jJAnArNavakI chapI pratimeM hemacandrake yogazAstrake ukta do padyoMke rahanese yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki zubhacandrAcAryane svayaM hI unheM uddhRta kiyA hai aura isa kAraNa ve hemacandra ke pIcheke haiM / isake lie kucha aura puSTa pramANa caahie| pATaNake bhaMDArakI ukta prAcIna prati to bahuta kucha isI ora saMketa karatI hai ki jJAnArNava yogazAstrase pIchekA nahIM hai / noTa-abase koI cauMtIsa varSa pahale ( julAI sana 1907 meM ) maine jJAnArNavakI bhUmikAmeM 'zubhacandrArcAyakA samaya-nirNaya' likhA thA aura vizvabhUSaNa bhaTTArakake 'bhaktAmaracarita'ko pramANabhUta mAnakara dhArAdhIzabhoja, kAlidAsa, vararuci, dhanaMjaya, mAnatuMga, bhartRhari Adi bhinna bhinna samayavartI vidvAnoMko samakAlIna batalAnekA prayatna kiyA thA / parantu jaba pichale bhaTTArakoMdvArA nirmita adhikAMza kathA-sAhityakI aitihAsikatApara sandeha hone lagA, taba ukta bhUmikA likhaneke koI ATha nau varSa bAda digambara jainake vizeSAGka ( zrAvaNa saMvat 1973 ) meM 'zubhacandrAcArya ' zIrSaka lekha likhakara maiMne pUrvokta bAtoMkA prativAda kara diyA, parantu jJAnArNavakI ukta bhUmikA aba bhI jyoMkI tyoM pAThakoMke hAthoMmeM jAtI hai / mujhe duHkha hai ki prakAzakoMse nivedana kara dene para bhI vaha nikAlI nahIM gaI aura isa tIsarI AvRttimeM bhI badastUra kAyama hai / vidvAn pAThakoMse nivedana hai ki 'bhaktAmaracarita' kI kathAkA khayAla na karake hI ve zrIzubhacandrAcAryakA ThIka samaya nirNaya karanekA prayatna kareM /

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AcArya anantakIrti AcArya anantakIrti bahuta bar3e yazasvI tArkika ho gaye haiN| dharmajJasiddhi yA sarvajJasiddhike antameM unhoMne likhA hai smstbhuvnvyaapiyshsaanntkiirtinaa| kRteyamujjvalA siddhirdharmajJasya nirargalA // unake banAye hue sarvajJasiddhi aura bRhatsarvajJasiddhi nAmake do grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiM, parantu unameM koI prazasti Adi nahIM hai jisase unakI guruparamparA AdikA kucha patA laga sake / vAdirAjasU rine apane pArzvanAthacaritameM unakA smaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai AtmanaivAdvitIyena jIvasiddhi nibadhnatA / anantakIrtinA muktirAtrimArgeva lakSyate // 24 'jIvasiddhiM nibadhnatA' padase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki unhoMne jIvasiddhi granthapara koI nibandha yA TIkA likhI thI, aura yaha usI ' jIvasiddhi' nAmaka granthakI TIkA hogI, jisakA ki ullekha AcArya jinasenane apane harivaMzapurANameM isa prakAra kiyA hai jIvasiddhividhAyIha kRtayuktyanuzAsanam / vacaH samantabhadrasya vIrasyeva vijRmbhate / / vAdirAjane AcArya jinasenake bAda anantakIrtikA smaraNa kiyA hai aura aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki unhoMne pUrva kaviyoMkA smaraNa prAyaH samayakramase kiyA hai| isase anantakIrtikA samaya jinasenake bAda aura vAdirAjasUrise pahale arthAt vi0 saM0 840 aura 1082 ke bIca mAnanA cAhie / nyAyAcArya paM0 mahendrakumArajIne likhA hai ki siddhivinizcaya TIkAmeM AcArya anantavIryane bhI eka anantakIrtikA ullekha kiyA hai aura ve bahuta karake yahI hoNge| inake vRhatsarvajJasiddhi granthakA nyAyakumudacandrapara prabhAva par3A hai, ataeva ye prabhAcandrase pahaleke honA cAhie aura prabhAcandrane nyAyakumudakI racanA paramAra rAjA jayasiMhadevake rAjyameM vi0 saM0 1112 ke lagabhaga kI hai|

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padmaprabha maladhArideva bhagavAn kundakundake 'niyamasAra' kI ' tAtparyavRtti' nAmaka TIkAke kartA padmaprabha maladhArideva haiM jo apaneko sukavijanapayojamitra, paMcendriyaprasaravarjita, aura gAtramAtraparigraha likhate haiM / ' maladhAri' vizeSaNa digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM sanpradAyake aneka muniyoM ke nAmake sAtha jur3A huA pAyA jAtA hai| hamArI samajhameM yaha zarIrakI svacchatA AdikI orase sarvathA lAparavAha honeko sUcita karatA hai| padmaprabhane apanI koI guruparamparA yA saMgha gaNa gaccha AdikI sUcanA nahIM dI aura na grantha racanekA koI samaya hI diyA hai| phira bhI hama unheM vikramakI bArahavIM sadIkA anta aura terahavIM sadIke prAraMbhakA granthakartA mAnate haiM aura isa viSayameM hameM unake anya granthoMsa liye hue uddharaNa aura ullekha sahAyatA dete haiN| 1- mudrita tAtparyavRttike pR0 53-73 aura 99 meM ' tathA coktaM guNabhadrasvAmibhiH' kahakara guNabhadrAcAryake granthoke uddharaNa diye gaye haiM aura guNabhadra svAmine apanA uttarapurANa za0 saM0 820 (vi0 saM0 955) meM samApta kiyA thaa| 2-pR0 83 meM 'uktaM ca somadevapaNDitadevaiH' likhakara yazastilakakA eka padya uddhRta kiyA hai jo za0 saM0 881 ( vi0 saM0 1016 ) meM samApta huA thaa| 3-pR0 60 meM ' tathAcoktaM vAdirAjadevaiH' likhakara vAdirAjakA eka padya diyA hai aura vAdirAjakA 'pArzvanAthacarita' za0 saM0 947 ( vi0 saM0 1082 ) meM samApta huA thaa| - -- --- 1 jaise maladhAri gaNDavimuktadeva, maladhAri mAdhavacandra, maladhAri bAlacandra, maladhAri malipeNa Adi digambara aura maladhAri hemacandra, abhayadeva, jinabhadra Adi zvetAmbara /

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454 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 4-pR0 61 meM candrakIrti munike manakI bandanA kI gaI hai' aura pR0 142 meM unhIMke zrutabindu nAmaka graMthakA ' tathA coktaM zrutabindau' kahakara eka padya uddhRta kiyA hai / zravaNabelagolakI malliSeNa-prazasti ( zilAlekha naM0 54 ) meM inhIM candrakIrti munikA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura unheM zrutabindukA karttA bhI batalAyA hai| ___ yaha zilAlekha phAguna vadI 3 za0 saM0 1050 ( vi0 saM0 1185 ) kA likhA huA hai jisa dina malliSeNamunine ArAdhanApUrvaka zarIra tyAga kiyA thA / isameM gotama gaNadharase lekara usa samaya takake bIsoM AcAryoM aura graMthakartAoMkI prazastiyA~ likhI haiM / durbhAgyase yadyapi AcAryoMkA pUrvAparasambandha aura kramAgata guru-ziSyasambandha nahIM batalAyA hai phira bhI lekha bar3e mahattvakA hai aura usase hameM aneka AcAryoMke viSayameM kAphI sUcanAyeM milatI haiN| isameM zrutabinduke kartA candrakIrtike bAda karmaprakRti bhaTTAraka, zrIpAladeva, unake ziSya matisAgara, praziSya vAdirAjasUri ( pArzvacaritake kartA ), hemasena, dayApAla (vAdirAjake gurubhAI , zrIvijaya, kamalabhadra, dayApAla, zAntideva, guNasena, ajitasena aura unake ziSya malliSeNakA ullekha hai jinakI smRtimeM ukta lekha utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai / mAnA ki ye saba nAma samayakramase nahIM diye gaye haiM, inameMke bahutase vidvAn zAyada samakAlIna bhI ho, phira bhI candrakIrtiko malliSeNakI mRtyuse pacIsa varSa pahale, arthAt vi0 saM0 1160 ke lagabhagakA mAnanA hamArI samajhameM kucha ayukta na hogaa| ataeva padmaprabhadevane vi0 sa0 1160 ke bAda apane TIkAgranthakI racanA kI hogii| 1 sakalakaraNagrAmAlambAdvimuktamanAkulaM svahitanirataM zuddhaM nirvANakaraNakAraNam / zamayamamAbAlaM maitrIdayAdamamandiraM nirupamamidaM vandyaM zrIcandrakIrtimunermanaH // 2 vizvaM yazzrunabindunAvarurudhe bhAvaM kuzAgrIyayA, budhyevAti mahIyasA pravacasA baddhaM gaNAdhIzvaraiH, ziSyAnpratyanukampaya | kRzamatInaidaM yugInAtsugIstaM vAcArcatacandrakIrtigaNinaM candrAbhakIrti budhAH // 32

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padmaprabha maladhArideva 455 niyamasArakI tAtparyavRttike prAraMbhameM aura pA~caveM adhyAyake antameM vIranandi munikI bandanA kI gaI hai aura isa rUpameM kI gaI hai, jaise ve unake guru ho / __ madrAsa prAntake paTazivapuram grAmameM eka staMbhapara pazcimI cAlukya rAjA tribhuvanamalla somezvara devake samayakA za0 sa0 1107kA eka lekha (naM0 28) hai jaba ki usake mANDalika tribhuvanamala bhogadeva cola hejirA nagarapara rAjya kara rahe the / usameM likhA hai ki jaba yaha jaina-mandira banavAyA gayA taba zrI padmaprabha maladhArideva aura unake guru vIranandi siddhAntacakravartI vidyamAna the / / isase yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki ukta lekhameM jinakA jikra hai ve padmaprabhamaladhAri yahI haiM aura unake guru bhI vahI vIranandi haiM jinakI tAtparyavRttimeM bandanA kI gaI hai / arthAt za0 saM0 1107 yA vi0 saM0 1242 meM padmaprabha aura unake guru vIranandi vidyamAn the| padmanandi-paMcaviMzatikAke kartA padmanandi nAmake AcArya bhI apane gurukA nAma vIranandi batalAte haiM / kyA Azcarya jo ve yahI vIranandi hoM aura isa taraha padmaprabha aura vIranandi eka hI guruke ziSya yA guru ho / padmanandi paMcaviMzatikAkA hI eka prakaraNa ' ekatva-saptati ' hai jo pRthak grantharUpameM bhI milatA hai / isa 'ekatva-saptati' ke aneka padya niyamasAra TIkAmeM uddhata kiye gaye haiN| isase bhI ukta anumAnako puSTi milatI hai| vIranandi nAmake aneka AcArya hue hai / eka vIranandi AcArasArake kartA haiM jinhoMne apane isa AcArasArapara svopajJA kanar3I TIkA za0 1076 (vi0 1 tadvidyADhayaM vIranandivratIndram / 2 niryApakAcAryaniruktiyuktAmuktiM sadAkarNya ca yasya cittam / samastacAritraniketanaM syAt tasmai namaH saMyamadhAriNe'smai // yasya pratikramaNameva sadA mumukSostyipratikramaNamapyaNumAtramuccaiH / tasmai namaH sakalasaMyamabhUSaNAya zrIvIranandimuninAmadharAya nityam / 3 dekho brahmacArI zrIzItalaprasAdadvArA sampAdita 'madrAsa maisUra prAntake prAcIna naina smAraka / ' aura epigrAphiA iMDikA san 1916-17 / 4 dekho niyamasArakI tAtparyavRtti pR0 42, 46 /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa saM0 1211) meM samApta kI thI' aura jo una meghacandra vidyadevake ziSya the jinakA svargavAsa vi0 1172 meM huA thA / yadyapi inakA samaya lagabhaga samIpakA hI hai, phira bhI nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki donoM eka hI haiM jaba taka ki padmanandike guru vIranandike guru kauna the, isakA patA na laga jAya / isa taraha padmaprabha maladhAridevako vikramakI terahavIM sadIke prAraMbhakA vidvAn mAnanA caahie| padmaprabhadevane amRtacandrasUrike aneka padyoMko isa TIkAmeM uddhRta kiyA hai, itanA hI nahIM unakI TIkApara amRtacandrakI TIkAoMkA khUba prabhAva bhI hai| jisa taraha amRtacandra apanI TIkAoMmeM jagaha jagaha mUlakA abhiprAya vyakta karane ke bAda upasaMhAra rUpameM apanI orase kalazarUpameM naye padya banAkara upasthita karate haiM ThIka usI taraha padmaprabhadeva bhI / isase amRtacandra unase pahaleke haiM / padmaprabhadevane pRSTha 72 meM eka padya 'uktaM ca' rUpameM zubhacandrAcAryake jJAnAvakA uddhRta kiyA hai aura cU~ki jJAnArNavameM amRtacandra ke puruSArthasiddhayupAyakA eka zloka 'uktaM ca' rUpameM uddhRta hai, ataeva zubhacandra padmaprabhase pahalake aura amRtacandra zubhacandrase bhI pahaleke haiM / __ padmaprabhadevakA pArzvanAtha stotra yA lakSmIstotra nAmakA eka choTA-sA stotra bhI milatA hai jo mANikacandra jaina-granthamAlAke siddhAntasArAdisaMgrahameM prakAzita ho cukA hai / saMbhava hai, usake kartA yahI padmaprabha maladhArideva ho / 1 svastizrImanmevacandatraividyadevara zrIpAdaprasAdAsAditAtmaprabhAvasamastavidyAprabhAvasakala. digvatikIrti zrImadvIranandisaiddhAntikacakravatigalu zaka varSa 1076 zrImukhanAmasaMvatsare jyeSThazukla 1 somavAradaMdu tAvu mADidAcArasArake karNATavRttiya mADidapara / 2-dekho pR0 7, 19, 22, 34, 37, 40, 44, 66, 68, 75, 78, 81, 85, 90, 120, 129, 137, 139, 152 / / 3-dekho pR0 72 ---tathA coktaM niSkriya karaNAtItaM dhyAnadhyeyavivarjitam / antarmukhaM ca yaddhayAnaM tacchuklaM yoginaM viduH ||-jnyaanaarnnv pR0 431

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AcArya amRtacandra AdhyAtmika vidvAnoMmeM bhagavakundakundake bAda yadi kisIkA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai to ve AcArya amRtacandra haiM / duHkhakI bAta hai ki itane mahAn AcAryake viSayameM isake sivAya hama kucha bhI nahIM jAnate ki unake banAye hue amuka amuka grantha haiN| unakI guru-ziSyaparamparAse aura samayAdise hama sarvathA anabhijJa haiN| apane do granthoM ke antameM ve kahate haiM ki taraha tarahake varSoM se pada bana gaye, padoMse vAkya bana gaye aura vAkyoMse yaha pavitra zAstra bana gayA / maiMne kucha bhI nahIM kiyaa| anya granthoMmeM bhI unhoMne apanA yahI nirlipta bhAva prakaTa kiyA hai / isase adhika paricaya denekI unhoMne AvazyakatA hI nahIM samajhI / unake banAye hue pA~ca grantha upalabdha haiM aura ve pA~coM hI saMskRtameM haiM1 puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 2 tattvArthasAra, 3 samayasAra-TIkA, 4 pravacanasAra TIkA aura 5 pNcaastikaay-ttiikaa| pahalA zrAvakAcAra hai jo upalabdha tamAma zrAvakAcAroMse nirAlA aura apane DhaMgakA advitIya hai / dUsarA umAsvAtike tattvArthasUtrakA atizaya spaSTa, musambaddha aura kucha pallavita padyAnuvAda hai / zeSa tIna bhagavatkundakundake prasiddha prAkRta granthoMkI saMskRta TIkAyeM haiM jinakI racanAzailI bahuta hI praur3ha aura marmasparzinI hai| __ paM0 AzAdharane apane anagAradharmAmRtakI bhavyakumudacandrikATIkAmeM amRtacandrako do sthAnoM meM ' Thakkura' nAmase abhihita kiyA hai 1 etadanusAreNaiva ThakkuropIdamapAThIt-loke zAstrAbhAse samayAbhAse ca devatAbhAse Adi |--pR0 160 2 etacca vistareNa ThakkurAmRtacandrasUriviracitasamayasAraTIkAyAM dRSTavyam / -~-pR0 588 1 varNeH kRtAni citraiH padAni tu padaiH kRtAni vAkyAni / vAkyaiH kRtaM pavitra zAstramidaM na punarasmAbhiH ||-pu0 si0

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa Thakkura aura ThAkura ekArthavAcI haiN| aksara rAjagharAne ke loga isa padakA vyavahAra karate the | so yaha unakI gRhasthAvasthA ke kulakA upapada jAna par3atA hai / anagAradharmAmRta TIkA vi0 saM0 1300 meM samApta huI thI / ataeva ukta samaya se pahale to ve nizcayase haiM aura pravacanasArakI tattvadIpikA TIkA meM ' jAvadiyA vayaNavahA' aura 'parasamayANaM vayaNaM ' Adi do gAthAyeM gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa 894-95 ) se uddhRta kI gaI jAna par3atI haiN| cU~ ki gommaTasArake karttA nemicandra si0 ca0 kA samaya vikramakI gyArahavIM sadIkA pUrvArdha hai isa lie amRtacandra unase bAda ke haiM / arthAt ve vi0 1300 se pahale aura gyArahavIM sadI ke pUrvArdha ke bAda kisI samaya hue haiM / AcArya zubhacandra ne apane jJAnArgava ( pR0 177 ) meM amRtacandra ke puruSArthasiddhayupAyakA 'mithyAtvavedarAgA' Adi padya 'uktaM ca' rUpase uddhRta kiyA hai, isalie amRtacandra zubhacandra se bhI pahale ke haiM aura padmaprabha maladhAridevane zubhacandrake jJAnArNavakA eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai isa lie zubhacandra padmaprabhase pahale ke haiM / lekhAntarameM hamane padmaprabhakA samaya vikramakI bArahavIM sadIkA anta aura terahavIM sadIkA prAraMbha batalAyA hai, isalie amRtacandrakA samaya vikramakI bArahavIM sadIke bAda nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / 458 DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyene pravacanasArakI prastAvanA meM tAtparyavRttike karttA jayasenakA samaya IsAkI bArahavIM sadIkA uttarArdha, arthAt vikramakI terahavIM sadIkA prAraMbha, anumAna kiyA hai aura jayasena amRtacandra kI tattvadIpikA se yatheSTa paricita jAna par3ate haiM / isase bhI amRtacandrakA samaya unase pahale, vikramakI bArahavIM sadI, ThIka jAna par3atA hai / kyA amRtacandrakA koI prAkRta grantha hai ? pravacanasArakI tAtparyavRttima jayasenAcAryane nIce likhI do gAthAoMkI TIkA kI hai, parantu amRtacandrasUrine apanI vRtti meM nahIM kii| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve inheM mUlagranthakI nahIM mAnate the / pakke a Amesu a vipaccamANA maMsapesI / saMtattiyamuvavAdo tajjAdINaM NigodANaM || 1 dekho niyamasAraTIkAkA pR0 72 aura jJAnArNavakA pR0 431 /

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AcArya amRtacandra jo pakkamapakkaM vA pesI maMsassa khAdi phAsadi vA / so kila NihaNadi piMDaM jIvANamaNegakoDINaM // rAjavArtikameM sUtra 22 kI TIkA ( pR0 284 ) meM nIce likhI gAthA 'uktaM ca' rUpameM dI gaI hai-- rAgAdINamaNuppA ahiMsakatteti desidaM samaye / tesiM ceduppattI hiMseti jiNe hi NiddiTThA / isI taraha anagAradharmAmRta TIkA (pR0 542) meM nIce likhI gAthA 'uktaM ca' rUpa dI huI hai appA kuNadi sahAvaM tattha gadA puggalA sahAvehiM / gacchaMti kammabhAvaM aNNuNAgADhamogADhA // hama dekhate haiM ki puruSArthasiddhayupAyameM ina cAroM gAthAoMkA prAyaH zabdazaH anuvAda isa prakAra maujUda hai AmAsvapi pakvAsvapi vipacyamAnAsu mAMsapezISu / sAtatyenotpAdastajAtInAM nigotAnAm / / 66 AmAM vA pakAM vA khAdati yaH spRzati vA pizitapezIm / sa nihanti satatanicita piNDaM bahujIvakoTInAm // 67 // aprAdurbhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhavatyahiMseti / teSAmevotpAttirhiseti jinAgamasya saMkSepaH / / 44 / / jIvakRtaM pariNAmaM nimittamAtraM prapadya punaranye / svayameva pariNamane'tra pudgalAH kamebhAvana // 12 ina anuvAdita padyoMko dekhakara pahale hamane yaha anumAna kiyA thA ki amRtacandrakA puruSArthasiddhayupAya jaisA hI koI prAkRta grantha bhI hogA aura apane hI granthakA unhoMne saMskRta anuvAda kara liyA hogA / parantu aba aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta prAkRta padya kisI prAcIna granthake haiM aura unakI hI chAyA puruSArthasiddhayupAyameM le lI gaI hai| kyoMki rAjavArtikama uddhata pUrvokta padyako amRtacandrakA mAnanese ve akalaMkadevake bhI pUrvavartI siddha hoMge; aura unako itanA prAcIna mAnaneke lie aura koI pramANa nahIM haiM / tattvArthasArake ' mokSatattva' adhyAyakA 'dagdhe bIje yathAtyantaM' Adi sAtavA~ Roka aura 20 se lekara 54 takake zloka akalaMkadevake rAjavArtikase liye gaye jAna par3ate haiN| isake sivAya ye saba zloka tattvArthAdhigama bhASyameM bhI do-cAra zabdoMke hera pherake sAtha milate haiM / ataeva kamase kama ye svayaM amRtacandrake to nahIM jAna par3ate /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zvetAmbarAcArya meghavijayajIne apane yuktiprabodha meM amRtacandra ke nAmase kaI padya uddhRta kiye haiM / unameM bhI nIce likhe do padya prAkRtake haiM / ataeva inase bhI hamane anumAna kiyA thA ki amRtacandrakA koI prAkRta grantha hogA 88 460 - yaduvAca amRtacandraH savve bhAvA jamhA paccakvAI paritti nAUNa / tamhA paccakkhANaM gANaM NiyamA muNeyavvaM // "" -" zrAvakAcAre amRtacandropyAha - sAtavIM gAthAkI TIkA saMgho kovina tArai kaTTo mUlo taheva nimpiccho / appA tArai appA tamhA appA du jhAyavvo || " inameMse pichalI gAthA to ' DhADhasI gAthA' nAmaka granthakI hai, amRtacandrakI nahIM / isI taraha pahalI gAthA bhI amRtacandra ke kisI granthameM nahIM milatI, yaha bhI kisI prAcIna granthakI jAna par3atI hai aura ise bhI amRtacandra kI batalAne meM meghavijayajIkA kucha pramAda huA hai / , ' DhADhasI gAthA 38 gAthAoMkA eka choTA-sA prakaraNa hai / bambaIkI rAyala eziyATika sosAiTIkI lAibrerI meM jo hastalikhita granthoM kA saMgraha hai usameM isakI eka saMskRtaTIkAsahita prati ( naM0 1610 ) bhI hai| abhI hAla hI hamane bar3I utsukatA se isa pratiko dekhA / socA ki TIkAse zAyada isake karttA Adi ke viSaya meM koI naI bAta mAlUma ho / parantu nirAza honA par3A / usameM na to TIkAkarttAne apanA nAma hI diyA hai aura na mUlake viSaya meM hI kucha likhA hai / antameM itanA hI likhA hai -" iti DhADhasImunInAM viracitA gAthA sampUrNA / mAlUma nahIM, ye DhADhasI muni kauna haiM aura kaba hue haiM / DhADhasI nAma bhI bar3A adbhuta-sA hai / "" isa granthameM kASThAsaMgha, mUlasaMgha aura niH picchika ( mAthura ) saMghoM kA ullekha hai aura inameM se antima mAthura saMghakI utpatti devasenasUri ke darzanasAra meM vi0 saM0 953 ke lagabhaga batalAI gaI hai / yadi vaha sahI hai to yaha grantha vikramakI gyArahavIM sadIke pahalekA nahIM ho sakatA / parantu isase amRtacandra ke samaya - nirNaya meM koI sahAyatA nahIM mila sakatI / hA~, yadi amRtacandrane apane kisI grantharme ukta ' saMgho kovi ' Adi gAthA uddhRta kI ho aura usa uddhRta gAthAko hI meghavijayajIne unakI samajha liyA ho, to phira isase bhI DhADhasI gAthAke bAda 12 vIM zatAbdikA amRtacandrako mAna sakate haiM / ,

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granthake prAraMbhI TIkAko bhavyAsahita prakAzita kAlane saMskRtaTIkA jinazatakake TIkAkartA kauna haiM ? svAmI samantabhadrakA 'jinazataka' jisakA dUsarA nAma 'stuti-vidyA' hai, abase koI tIsa varSa pahale svargIya gurujI paM0 pannAlAlajI vAkalIvAlane saMskRtaTIkA aura paM0 lAlArAmajI zAstrIkRta bhASAnuvAdasahita prakAzita kiyA thaa| usake TAiTila pejapara saMskRta TIkAko 'bhavyottamanarasiMhabhaTTakRtavyAkhyA' likhA hai / parantu granthake prAraMbhameM TIkAkarttAkI jo utthAnikA hai, usase to yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta TIkA narasiMha bhaTTakI nahIM kintu vasunandikI banAI huI hai / dekhie namo vRSabhanAthAya lokAlokAvalokine / mohapaMkavizoSAya bhAsine jinabhAnave // 1 // samantabhadraM sadbodhaM stuve varaguNAlayam / nirmalaM yadyazaSkAntaM babhUva bhuvanatrayam // 2 // yasya ca sadguNAdhArA kRtireSA supadminI / jinazatakanAmeti yoginAmapi duSkarA / / 3 // tasyAH prabodhakaH kazcinnAstIti viduSAM matiH / yAvattAvadbabhUvaiko narasiMho vibhAkaraH // 4 // durgamaM durgamaM kAvyaM zrUyate mahatAM vacaH / narasiMha punaH prApya sugamaM sugamaM bhavet // 5 // stutividyAM samAzritya kasya na kramate matiH / tavRttiM yena jAjye tu kurute vasunandyapi / / 6 / / AzrayAjAyate loke niHprabho'pi mhaadyutiH| girirAjaM zritaH kAko dhatte hi kanakacchavim // 7 // pahale padyameM bhagavAn RSabhadevako namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura dUsaremeM samantabhadrasvAmIke sadbodhakI stuti kI gaI hai aura phira kahA gayA hai ki unhIM samanta bhadrakI sadguNoMkI AdhArabhUta yaha jinazataka nAmakI racanA yogiyoMke lie bhI

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462 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa duSkara yA kaThina hai / jisa samaya vidvAnoMkA yaha khayAla ho rahA thA ki isa padminI yA kamalinI jaisI kRtikA prabodhaka yA khola denevAlA koI nahIM hai, usI samaya eka narasiMha nAmaka sUrya udita huA aura bar3e bar3e logoMse usake viSayameM sunA gayA ki atizaya durgama kAvya bhI narasiMhako pAkara bilkula sugama ho jAtA hai aura phira stutividyAke Azrayase kisakI buddhi nahIM calane lagatI yA caMcala nahIM ho jAtI ? isIlie usakI ( stutividyA yA jinazatakakI) TIkA jar3abuddhi vasunandi bhI kara rahA hai / so ThIka hI hai| saMsArameM Azrayase to prabhAhIna bhI mahAn prabhAvAlA ho jAtA hai / dekho na girirAja himAlayake sahAre kauA bhI sone jaisI chaviko dhAraNa kara letA hai / merI samajhameM Uparake zlokoMkA yahI abhiprAya hai aura isase isa TIkAke kartA 'narasiMha' nahIM kintu 'vasunandi' jAna par3ate haiM / narasiMha koI bar3e bhArI vidvAn AcArya the jo kaThinase kaThina kAvyoMko sugamatAse samajhA sakate the / so eka to unakI sahAyatAse aura dUsare svayaM stutividyAke prabhAvase vasunadi isa TIkAko banAnemeM samartha hue| vRttikArane AlaMkArika DhaMgase yahI bAta spaSTa kI hai| ___ mAlUma nahIM, narasiMhake sAtha ' bhaTTa ' vizeSaNa kahA~se lagA diyA gayA hai aura yadi narasiMhako hI vRttikartA mAnA jAya, to phira 'kurute vasunandyapi' vAkyakA kyA hogA ? usakI to phira koI saMgati hI nahIM baitthtii| jAna par3atA hai ki ina padyoMkA ThIka ThIka abhiprAya samajhameM na Aneke kAraNa hI bhASATIkAkArane isa vRttiko apanI kalpanAse 'bhavyottamanarasiMhabhaTTakRta' chapA diyA hai / granthakI mUla pratimeM yaha likhA honekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| 'samajhameM na Aneke kAraNa' maiM jAna bUjhakara kara likha rahA hU~ aura yaha isalie ki bhASAkArane mUla granthake anya saba zlokoMkA bhAvArtha to likha diyA hai parantu ina padyoMko bilkula hI chor3a diyA hai| __ granthake prAraMbhameM jo sUcanA prakAzakakI orase dI gaI hai, usameM likhA hai ki " jayapurase prApta eka hI pratise isakA sampAdana huA hai, dUsarI prati nahIM milI," parantu usake ThIka Ageke hI pRSThameM 'iti pustakAntare pAThaH' TippaNI dI huI hai ! arthAt koI dUsarI prati bhI sampAdakake samakSa thii| garaja yaha ki pustakakA prakAzana bahuta asAvadhAnIse huA hai aura isalie yaha anumAna hotA hai ki bhASAkArakI kRpAse hI vasunandikI yaha TIkA bhavyottama narasiMhabhaTTakRta bana gaI hai|

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jinazatakake TIkAkartA kauna haiM ? 463 vasunandi nAmake aneka AcArya ho gaye haiM parantu ye vasunandi hameM vahI mAlUma hote haiM jinhoMne svAmI samantabhadrakI eka dUsarI kRti devAgamakI vRtti bhI likhI hai / kyoMki eka to donoMkI racanAzailI eka-sI hai aura dUsara jisa taraha jinazataka vRttike katIne apanI jar3atA prAraMbhake chaThe zlokameM prakaTa kI hai, usI taraha devAgamavRttike antameM bhI unhoMne likhA hai-" zrImatsamantabhadrAcAryasya... devAgamAkhyAyAH kRteH saMkSepabhUtaM vivaraNaM kRtaM zrutavismaraNazIlena vasunandinA jaDamatinA'tmopakArAya / " arthAt devAgamakA yaha saMkSipta vivaraNa jaDamati aura zrutavismaraNazIla vasunandine apane upakArake lie bnaayaa| isake sivAya jinazatakavRttimeM jisa taraha samantabhadrake sadbodhakI bandanA kI gaI hai usI taraha devAgamavRttimeM samantabhadrake mtkii|- vande tadvatakAladoSamamalaM sAmantabhadraM matam / " yahA~ sabdodha aura mata prAyaH ekArthavAcI haiN| pratiSThAsArasaMgraha, upAsakAcAra, aura mUlAcArakI AcAravRtti ye tIna grantha aura bhI vasunandikRta upalabdha haiM / mAlUma nahIM, inake kartA bhI ye hI haiM athavA inase bhinna koI dUsare / paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtArane inakA samaya AcArya amitagatike bAda aura paM0 AzAdharase pahale vikramakI bArahavIM sadI nizcita kiyA hai / kyoMki AzAdharane pahale do granthoMke uddharaNa apane sAgAradharmAmRta aura jinayajJakalpameM diye haiM aura vasunandine apanI AcAravRttimeM amitagatike upAsakAcArake pA~ca zloka 'uktaM ca ' rUpase diye haiN| parantu amitagatine bhI bhagavatI ArAdhanAke antameM ArAdhanAkI stuti karate hue eka vasunandiyogIkA ullekha kiyA hai yA niHzeSaparigrahebhadalane durvArasiMhAyate, yA kujJAnatamoghaTAvighaTane cNdraashurociiyte| yA cintAmaNireva cintitaphalaiH saMyojayaMtI janAn , sA vaH zrIvasunandiyogimahitA pAyAtsadArAdhanA // yA to ye vasunandi yogI ina vasunandise pUrvavartI koI dUsare hI haiM aura yA phira amitagati aura vasunandi samakAlIna haiM, jisase ve eka dUsarekA ullekha kara sake haiM / yadi samakAlIna haiM, to phira vasunandiko vikramakI bArahavIM nahIM kintu myArahavIM zatAbdikA mAnanA cAhie / 1 dekho, jainahitaiSI bhAga 12 pR0 192-93

Page #492
mahAkavi dhanaMjaya grantha-racanA mahAkavi dhanaMjayake nIce likhe hue sirpha tIna grantha upalabdha haiM 1 dvisandhAna yA rAghavapANDavIya mahAkAvya / aSTAdazasargAtmaka isa kAvyameM rAghava aura pANDavoMkI arthAt rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhAratakI kathA isa kuzalatAse grathita kI gaI hai ki usake eka arthameM to rAma-caritra nikalatA hai aura saremeM kRSNacaritra / isa paddhatikA yaha sarvazreSTha aura zAyada sabase pahalA kAvya hai| che aneka kaviyoMne isIke anukaraNapara aneka kAvyoMkI racanA kI hai| upalabdha jaina kAvyoMke kisI na kisI eka sargameM jainadharmakA svarUpa rahatA hai; parantu isameM yaha pAta nahIM hai| isI taraha prAyaH sabhI jaina kAvya mukhya nAyakake nirvANa-gamanapara samApta Ate haiM; parantu yaha niSkaNTaka rAjyaprAptipara hI samApta ho gayA hai / isakI ye do vezeSatAyeM khAsa taurapara vicAraNIya haiM / kavine isameM na to apane kisI pUrvavartI vi yA AcAryakA ullekha kiyA hai aura na apanA hI koI paricaya diyA / antima padyase sirpha itanA hI mAlUma hotA hai jaisA ki TIkAkArane spaSTa kiyA hai ki unakI mAtAkA nAma zrIdevI, pitAkA vasudeva aura gurukA dazaratha thA / isa granthapara do TIkAyeM upalabdha haiM, eka to 'padakaumudI' jisake kartA vinayacandrake zeSya aura padmanandike praziSya nemicandra haiM aura dUsarI 'rAghava-pANDavIya-prakAzikA' jasake kI paravAdigharaTTa rAmabhaTTake putra kavi devr| inakI racanAkA samaya mAlUma nahIM ho sakA; parantu ArAke jainasiddhAnta-bhavanameM ye donoM TIkAyeM maujUda haiN| tIsarI saMskRtaTIkA jayapurakI pAThazAlAke adhyApaka paM. badarInAthane pahalI pIkAko saMkSipta karake taiyAra kI hai aura isI TIkAke sahita yaha grantha nirNayasAgara presase prakAzita huA hai| 1 ina TIkAoMkA paricaya paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtArane jainahiteSI bhAga 15, aMka 5 pR0 152-54 meM diyA hai|

Page #493
mahAkavi dhanaMjaya 2 dhanaMjaya nighaNTu yA nAmamAlA aura anekArtha- nAmamAlAnAmamAlA eka choTA-sA do sau padyoMkA parantu bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa zabdakoza hai / isake sAtha 46 zlokoMkI eka anekArthanAmamAlA bhI jur3I huI hai / saMskRta vidyArthiyoMko kaNThastha karane ke lie yaha bahuta hI upayogI racanA hai / 465 3 viSApahArastotra - yaha 39 indravajrA vRttoMkA stutiparaka kAvya hai aura apanI prauDhatA, gaMbhIratA aura anUThI uktiyoMke lie prasiddha hai / isapara aneka saMskRta-TIkAyeM milatI haiM jinameMse eka pArzvanAtha ke putra nAgacandrakI hai jinakA samaya vikramakI solahavI zatAbdi hai / kavikI prazaMsA pramANamakalaMkasya pUjyapAdasya lakSaNaM / dhanaMjaya kaveH kAvyaM ratnatrayamazcimam // arthAt akalaMkadevakA pramANazAstra, pUjyapAda yA devanandikA lakSaNazAstra yA vyAkaraNa aura dhanaMjaya kavikA kAvya ( dvisandhAna ) ye tIna apazcima yA bejor3a ratna haiM / yaha zloka nAmamAlAke anta meM likhA milatA hai / bhale hI yaha svayaM dhanaMjayakA na ho parantu isameM jo bAta kahI gaI hai, vaha bilkula ThIka hai / dvisandhAne nipuNatAM satAM cakre dhanaMjayaH / yayA jAtaM phalaM tasya satAM cakre dhanaM jayaH // arthAt dhanaMjayane ( kavine aura arjunane ) dvisandhAna meM ( isa nAma ke kAvya meM aura dohare nizAne lagAne meM ) jo nipuNatA prApta kI, usase unheM ( kaviko aura arjunako ) sajjanoMke samUhameM dhana aura jayarUpa phala prApta huA / yaha padya kAvyamImAMsA Adi granthoM ke karttA mahAkavi rAjazekharakA kahA huA hai| anekabhedasaMghAnAH khanaMtA hRdaye muhuH / vANA dhanaMjayonmuktAH karNasyeva priyAH katham // 1 kaverdhanaMjayasyeyaM satkavInAM ziromaNiH / pramANaM nAmamAleti zlokAnAM ca zatadvayam // 2 dekho, jainahitaiSI bhAga 12, aMka 1, pR0 87-90 3 rAjazekharane prAcIna kaviyoMkI prazaMsAmeM jo padya likhe the, ve sUktimuktAvalI aura subhASitahArAvalI meM saMgRhIta haiN| unameM se yaha eka 1 30

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa arthAt aneka (do) prakAra ke sandhAna ( nizAnA aura artha ) vAle aura hRdayameM bAraMbAra cubhane vAle dhanaMjaya (arjuna aura dhanaMjaya kavi ) ke vANa ( aura zabda ) karNako ( kuntIputra karNako aura kAnoMko ) priya kaise hoMge ? yaha padya vAdirAjasUrine apane pArzvanAthacarita kAvya ke prAraMbha meM likhA hai' / kavikA samaya mahAkavi dhanaMjayane svayaM apane samayakA koI nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai; parantu nIce likhe pramANoMse unake samayapara prakAza par3atA hai / 1 Upara jina kaviyoM ke prazaMsAparaka padya uddhRta kiye gaye haiM unameM se vAdirAjane apanA pArzvacarita vi0 saM0 1082 meM samApta kiyA thA aura mahAkavi rAjazekhara pratIhArarAjA mahendrapAladeva ke upAdhyAya the / mahendrapAlakA samaya vi0 saM0 960 ke lagabhaga hai ataeva ve inase bhI pahale hue haiM 1 2 abhI abhI eka nayA pramANa milA hai aura vaha yaha ki bhagavajinasenake guru vIrasena svAmIne apanI dhavalA TIkA ( pR0 387 ) meM jo vi0 saM0 873 meM samApta huI thI dhanaMjayakI anekArthanAmamAlAkA nIce likhA zloka pramANasvarUpa uddhRta kiyA hai hetAvevaM prakArAdyaiH vyavacchede viparyayaH / 466 prAdurbhAve samApte ca iti zabdaM vidurbudhAH // isase yaha vizvAsa ke sAtha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhanaMjaya vikramakI nauvIM zatAbdi ke pUrvArdhake bAdake to nahIM haiM aura yadi nAmamAlAkA 'pramANamakalaMkasya' Adi padya svayaM unakA likhA huA hai to ve akalaMka se kucha bAdake haiM / paM0 mahendrakumArajI zAstrIne akalaMkakA kAla vi0 saM0 797 se 837 taka nizcita kiyA hai / arthAt vikramakI AThavIM zatAbdi ke antima caraNa se nava zatAbdi ke pUrvArdha taka unakA samaya samajhanA cAhie / AcArya jinasena prathama aura dvitIya donoMne apane AdipurANa aura harivaMzameM purA kaviyoMkI stuti ke prasaMga meM isa mahAkavikA ullekha nahIM kiyA, isakA kAraNa zAyada yahI ho sakatA hai ki dhanaMjaya gRhastha the muni nahIM / anyathA unase pUrvavartI to yethe hI / 1 AcArya prabhAcandra ne bhI apane prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM disandhAna kAvyakA ullekha kiyA hai| 2 dekho, paTkhaNDAgamakI prastAvanA pR0 62

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dhanapAla nAmake tIna kavi 1 dhakkar3avaMzI dhanapAla-isa kaviko bahuta hI kama loga jAnate haiM / apabhraMza bhASAkA yaha bahuta prAcIna kavi hai / isakA sirpha eka hI grantha bhavisayattakahA ( bhaviSyadatta-kathA ) yA paMcamI-kahA upalabdha hai jise sabase pahale jarmanIke suprasiddha vidvAn DaoN. jaikobIne romana lipimeM prakAzita kiyA thA aura usake bAda sva0 sI0 DI0 dalAla aura DaoN0 pI0 DI0 guNene gAyakabAr3a oriyaNTala sIrIjameM nAgarI lipimeM / DA0 jaikobIkI rAya hai ki isakI apabhraMza usa samayakI hai, jaba ki vaha bolacAlakI bhI bhASA thI, kevala sAhityakI bhASA nahIM / isake sivAya vaha navIM zatAbdike haribhadrasUrike 'neminAthacariu'kI bhASAse bahuta kucha samAnatA rakhatI hai aura unase kucha pIche kI hai / DaoN0 guNe bhI use AcArya hemacandrane jisa apabhraMzakA vyAkaraNa likhA hai usase lagabhaga do zatAbdi pahalekI mAnate haiM aura isa taraha ina donoMke matase dhanapAla IsAkI dasavIM zatAbdike kavi jAna par3ate haiM / __ dhanapAlane apane granthameM sirpha itanA hI paricaya diyA hai ki ve dhakkar3a nAmaka vaNika vaMzake mAesara pitA aura dhanazrI devI mAtAke putra the / isake sivAya aura kucha bhI nahIM likhaa| apane guru yA sampradAya AdikA bhI kucha ullekha nahIM kiyA; parantu DA0 jaikobIne batalAyA hai ki ve digambara sampradAyake the / kyoMki paMcamIkahAmeM solahaveM acyuta svargakA ullekha hai jo ki digambara sampradAyake anusAra hai| 1 san 1918 meM prakAzita huA / 2 san 1923 meM prakAzita / 3 DA0 jekobIne usa samaya haribhadrako IsAkI navIM sadIkA mAnA thA, parantu pIche munizrIjinavijayajIne apane -- haribhadrasUrikA samaya-nirNaya ' zIrSaka lekhameM aneka puSTa pramANoMse unako 705 se 775 I0 sa0 ke bIcakA siddha kiyA hai / 4 dhakkar3avaNivaMsi mAesaraho samunbhaviNa / dhaNasiridevisueNa viraiu sarasaisaMbhAvaNa // 9

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zvetAmbara saMpradAyake anusAra svarga bAraha hI haiM / isake sivAya isa graMthake pA~cavIM sandhike 20 veM kar3avakameM jo 'bhajivi jeNa diyaMbari lAyau' pada hai usase bhI ve digambara hI mAlUma hote haiM, parantu yaha Azcarya hai ki isa kavikA pIcheke kisI digambara jainagranthakArane kahI koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| isakI jina do hastalikhita pratiyoMke AdhArase pUrvokta eDIzana prakAzita hue haiM, ve bhI zvetAmbara bhaMDAroMmeM hI prApta huI haiM, digambara bhaMDAromeM abhI taka isakI ke I pratilipi nahIM dekhI sunI gii| ___ dhakkar3a, dharkaTa yA dhakkar3avAla vaizyoMkI hI eka jAti hai / apabhraMza bhASAkI dhammaparikkhAke kartA hariSeNa bhI isI dhakkar3avaMzake haiM jinakA samaya vi0 saM0 1044 hai| delavAr3AmeM vi0 saM0 1287 kA jo tejapAlakA zilAlekha hai, usameM bhI dharkaTa yA dhakkar3a jJAtikA ullekha hai'| AbUke do anya zilAlekhoMmeM bhI isa jAtike logoMkA jikra hai / yaha dhakkar3avAla jAti aba bhI maujUda hai / digambara jaina DirekTarIke anusAra san 1914 meM isakI janasaMkhyA 1272 thii| isa jAtike loga digambara-jainadharmakA pAlana karate haiM aura adhikAMzameM barArake AkolA aura yavatamAla jiloMmeM AbAda haiM / kucha loga nijAma rAjyake parabhaNI jilemeM bhI haiM / mUlameM yaha rAjapUtAnekI hI jAti hai aura bagheravAloMkI taraha yaha bhI barArakI ora calI AI hai| hariSeNane 'siriujapuraNiggaya-dhakkar3akula' likhA hai, arthAt siriujapurase nikalA huA dhakkar3a kula / isa siriujapurakA ThIka ThIka patA to nahIM calA; parantu zAyada ToMka rAjyake siroMjakA hI yaha purAnA nAma ho / mevAr3akI pUrva sImApara ToMka rAjya hai aura siroMja pahale mevAr3ameM hI zAmila thaa| hariSeNane apaneko mevAr3a dezakA kahA bhI hai| 2 mahAkavi dhanapAla- ye pharrukhAbAda jileke sAMkAzya nAmaka sthAnameM janma lenevAle kAzyapagotrI brAhmaNa devarSike pautra aura sarvadevake putra the| pahale ye jainadharmake virodhI the parantu pIche apane choTe bhAI zobhanake jinadIkSA le leneke bAda svayaM bhI jainadharmake upAsaka bana gaye the| paramAravaMzI rAjA sIyakase lekara mahArAjA bhojake samaya taka ye jIvita rahe / vAkpatirAja muMjakI rAjasabhAke ye pramukha ratna the aura muMjane inheM ' sarasvatI kI upAdhise vibhUSita kiyA thaa| 1-2 dekho munijinavijayajI sampAdita prAcIna jaina-lekha-saMgraha, pR0 86, 95, 122 3 isa samaya yaha saMkisA nAmase prasiddha hai / 4 zrImuMjena sarasvatIti sadasi kssonniibhRtaavyaahRtH| -ti0 maM0

Page #497
dhanapAla nAmake tIna kavi 469 saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM bhASAoMpara inakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra thA / sIyakadevane jisa samaya (vi0 sa0 1029 meM ) rASTrakUToMkI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTako lUTA thA, usa samaya inhoMne apanI choTI bahina sundarIke lie 'pAialacchI nAmamAlA' (prAkRta-lakSmInAmamAlA) nAmaka kozakI racanA kI thii| usake bAda rAjA bhojake jinAgamokta kathA sunaneke kutUhalako miTAneke lie 'tilaka-maMjarI' nAmaka gadyakAvya likhA, jo na kevala jainasAhityameM balki samagra saMskRta-sAhityameM eka bejor3a racanA hai / apane choTe bhAI zobhanamunikRta saMskRta stotrapara eka saMskRtaTIkA bhI inhoMne likhI hai jisake antameM likhA hai-tasyaiva jyeSThabhrAtuH paNDitadhanapAlasya / ' isake sivAya RSa:-paMcAsikA ( prAkRta ), mahAvIrastuti aura satyapurIya-mahAvIra-utsAha ( apabhraMza bhASA) nAmakI kucha phuTakara racanAyeM bhI inakI milatI haiN| mahAkavi dhanapAla zvetAmbarasampradAyake anuyAyI the aura unake bhAIne bhI isI sampradAyakI dIkSA lI thii| prabhAvakacarita Adi granthoMmeM dhanapAlake jaina honekI vistRta kathA milatI hai| 3 pallIvAla dhanapAla-dhanapAla nAmake eka aura kavikA patA lagA hai jinhoMne mahAkavi dhanapAlake prasiddha gadya-kAvya ' tilakamaMjarI' ke AdhArase 'tilakamaMjarI-kathA-sAra' nAmakA grantha likhA hai| usake prAraMbhameM AdinAtha bhagavAn aura bhAratIkI stuti karake mahAkavi dhanapAlako namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura phira kahA hai ki unakI vijJAnagumphita aura karNasthita tilakamaMjarI kisako alaMkRta nahIM karatI ? bhramarake samAna maiM usIkA rasa lekara saMkSepameM kucha madhu udgiraNa kruuNgaa| isameM kathAnaka vahI hai, artha bhI prAyaH vahI hai, parantu rasaucityake khayAlase kiyA huA kucha navIna varNana bhI hai| 1 dekho, pR0 327 kI TippaNImeM uddhata gAthA / / 2-3 ye donoM racanAyeM jainasAhityasaMzodhaka varSa 3 aMka 3 meM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| 4-zrInAbheyaH zriyaM dizyAdyasyAMzataTayorjaTA / bhejurmukhAmbujopAntabhrAntabhRGgAvalibhramam // 1 //

Page #498
jainasAhitya aura itihAsa granthAntameM kavine apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai' - aNahilapurake pallI * vAla kulameM azeSa zAstroMke jJAtA Amana nAmake kavi hue, jinhoMne nemicarita nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kI / unake cAra putra hue, jinameM sabase bar3e anantapAla the jinhoMne pATI - gaNita kI racanA kii| dUsare dhanapAla, tIsare ratnapAla aura cauthe guNapAla / dhanapAla alpajJa hai, to bhI usane apane pitA kI azrAnta zikSA ke prasAda se yaha tilakamaMjarI kathAkA sAra likhA / kArtika sudI 470 jaDo'pi yatprabhAvena bhavenmAnyo manISiNAm / sadA sevyapadA mahyaM sA prasIdatu bhAratI // 2 // namaH zrIdhanapAlAya yena vijJAnagumphitA | kaM nAlaMkurute karNasthitA tilakamaMjarI // 3 // tasyA rahasyamAdAya madhuvrata ivAdarAt / mandavAgapi saMkSepAdudvirAmi kimapyaham // 4 // kathAgumphaH sa evAtra prAyeNArthAsta eva hi / kiJcinnavInamapyasti rasaucityena varNanam // 5 // 1 - aNahilapurakhyAtaH pallIpAla kulodbhavaH / jayatyazeSazAstrajJaH zrImAn sukavirAmanaH // 1 suzliSTazabdasandarbhamadbhutArtha rasormiM yat / yena zrInemicaritaM mahAkAvyaM vinirmame // 2 catvAraH sUnavastasya jyeSThasteSu vizeSavit / anantapAlazcakre spaSTAM gaNitapATikAm // 3 dhanapAlastato navyakAvya zikSAparAyaNaH / ratnapAlaH sphuratprajJo guNapAlazca vizrutaH // 4 dhanapAleo'lpajJazcApi piturazrAntazikSayA / sAraM tilakamaMjaryAH kathAyAH kiJcidagrathat // 5 indu darzana- sUryAGkivAsare mAsi kArtike / zuklASTamyAM gurAveSaH kathAsAraH samarthitaH // 6 granthaH kiJcidabhyadhikaH zatAni dvAdazAnyasau / vAcyamAnaH sadAsadbhiyAvadarke ca nandatAt // 7

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dhanapAla nAmake tIna kavi 471 8 guruvAra vi0 saM0 1261 ko yaha samApta huaa| isameM 1200 se kucha adhika zloka haiN| muni zrIjinavijayajI isa kaviko digambara sampradAyakA batalAte haiN'| apanA lekha likhate samaya unake samakSa isa granthakI pUrI prati maujUda thii| unake diye hue uddharaNoMmeM yadyapi kavike sampradAyakA koI ullekha nahIM hai parantu granthake bhItara aisI koI bAta avazya hogI jisase ve isa nirNayapara pahu~ce haiM / pallIvAla jAti digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoMkI anuyAyI rahI hai / mUla tilakamaMjarIke kartA yadyapi zvetAmbarasampradAyake anuyAyI the parantu unakA sAra isa digambarasampradAyake vidvAnane likhA, aura mUlagranthakArako namaskAra bhI kiyA, isase usa samayake sAhityika vidvAnoMkI udAra-buddhi aura matasahiSNutApara prakAza par3atA hai| vAgbhaTAlaMkArapara bhI jo eka zvetAmbara kavikI racanA hai khaNDelavAla vaMzake paM0 vAdirAjane-jo digambara sampradAyake the-apanI saMskRta TIkA likhI hai| dekho, jaina zve0 kA0 heralDa varSa 11, aMka 7-8-9-10 meM 'tilakamaMjarI' zIrSaka gujarAtI lekha /

Page #500
mahAkavi haricandra isa mahAkavikI kevala eka hI racanA upalabdha hai aura vaha hai dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvyaM / kAvyamAlA sampAdaka sva0 mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 durgApramAdajIne isakI bhUmikAmeM likhA hai ki yaha kavi apane kavitAkI praur3hatAse mAghAdi prAcIna mahAkaviyoMkI kakSAmeM AtA hai / parantu durbhAgyase ima kavike viSayameM hamArA jJAna bahuta hI thor3A hai / na to inakA inase pIcheke kisI granthaka ne kahIM ullekha kiyA aura na inhoMne hI kisI pUrvavartI kavi yA granthakartAkA smaraNa kiyA hai jisase yaha nirNaya kiyA jA sake ki ye kisa samayameM hue haiN| dharmazAbhyudayake anta meM kavine apanA sirpha itanA hI paricaya diyA hai ki bar3I bhArI mahimAvAle aura sAre jagatake avataMsarUpa nomakoMke vaMzameM aura kAyastha kulameM Ardadeva nAmake puruSaratna hue jinakI patnIkA nAma rathyA thA tathA unase haricandra nAmakA putra huA jo arahaMta bhagavAnake caraNakamaloMkA bhramara thA aura jisakI vANI sArasvata srotameM nirmala ho gaI thii| haricandra apane bhAI lakSmaNakI 1 jIvaMdharacampu nAmakA eka aura grantha mahAkavi hari candrake nAmase prakAzita huA hai; parantu kahA jAtA hai ki yaha haricandra ke hI anukaraNapara kisI azAta nAmA vidvAnkI racanA hai| yadyapi jIvaMdharacampumeM dharmazamAbhyudayake bhAvoM aura zabdoM takameM bahuta kucha samAnatA hai, isase donoMko eka hI kartAkI kRti kahA jA sakatA hai; parantu sAtha hI yaha bhI to kaha sakate haiM ki kisI anyane hI dharmazarmAbhyudayase ve bhAvAdi le liye hoN| isa viSayameM abhI adhika vicAra karanekI jarUrata hai / 2 zrImAnameyamahimAsti sa nomakAnAM vaMzaH samastajagatIvalayAvataMsaH / hastAvalambanamavApya samullasantI vRddhApi na skhalati durgapatheSu lakSmIH // muktaphalasthitiralaMkRtiSu prasiddhastatrArdradeva iti nirmalamUrtirAsIt / kAyastha eva niravadyaguNagrahaH sanneko'pi yaH kulamazeSamalaMcakAra // 2 lAvaNyAmbunidhiH kalAkulagRhaM saubhAgyasadbhAgyayoH / krIDAvezma vilAsavAsavalabhIbhUpAspadaM saMpadAm /

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mahAkavi hAracandra 473 bhakti aura zaktise haricandra usI taraha nirvyAkula hokara zAstra-samudrake pAra ho gaye jisa taraha rAma lakSmaNake dvArA setu pAra hue the| ___ isa prazastise yaha nahIM mAlUma hotA ki haricandra kahA~ke rahanevAle the / yaha nomakoMkA vaMza kauna-sA thA, so bhI samajhameM nahIM aayaa| saMbhava hai, pATha kucha azuddha ho / vaMza aura kulake vizeSaNoMse jAna par3atA hai ki haricandra kisI rAjamAnya kulake the aura yaha rAjamAnyatA unake yahA~ pIr3hiyoM se calI A rahI thii| kAyasthoMmeM jainadharmakI upAsanAke bahuta hI kama udAharaNa milate haiM aura haricandrakA udAharaNa unameM mukhya hai| kavine yaha to likhA hai ki guruke zaucAcAravivekavismayamahI prANapriyA zUlinaH zarvANIva pativratA praNayinI rathyeti tasyAbhavat // 3 arhatpadAmbhAruhacaJcarIkastayoH sutaH zrIharicandra AsIt / guruprasAdAdamalA babhUvuH sArasvate srotasi yasya vAcaH / / 4 bhaktena zaktena ca lakSmaNena nirvyAkulo rAma ivAnujena / yaH pAramAsAdita buddhisetuH zAstrAmburAzeH paramAsasAda / / 5 padArthavaicivyarahasyasaMpatsarvasvanirvezamayAtprasAdAt / vAgdevatAyAH samavedi sabhyairyaH pazcimo'pi prathamastanUjaH // 6 sa karNapIyUSarasa pravAhaM rasadhvaneradhvani sArthavAhaH zrIdharmazarmAbhyudayAbhidhAnaM mahAkaviH kAvyamidaM vyadhatta // 7 eSyatyasAramapi kAvyamidaM madIyamAdeyatAM jinapateranaghaizcaritraiH / piNDaM mRdaH svayamudasya narA narendramudrAGkitaM kimu na mUrdhani dhArayanti // 8 dakSaiH sAdhuparIkSitaM navanavolekhArpaNenAdarAd yacetaHkaSapATTikAsu zatazaH prAptaprakarSodayam / nAnAbhaGgivicitrabhAvaghaTanAsaubhAgyazobhAspadaM tannaH kAvyasuvarNamastu kRtinAM karNadvayIbhUSaNam // 8 jIyAjainamidaM mataM zamayatu krUrAnapIyaM kRpA bhAratyA saha zIlayatvavirataM zrIsAhacaryavratam / mAtsarya guNiSu tyajantu pizunAH saMtoSalIlAjuSaH santaH santu bhavantu ca zramavidaH sarve kavInAM janAH // 10

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa prasAda se unakI vANI nirmala ho gaI thI, parantu gurukA nAma nahIM diyA / ve digambara sampradAya ke anuyAyI the / 474 karpUramaMjarI nATikA meM mahAkavi rAjazekharane prathama javanikA ke anantara eka jagaha vidUSaka ke dvArA haricandra kavikA jikra kiyA hai / yadi ye haricandra dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke hI karttA hoM, to inheM rAjazekharase pahalekA vi0 saM0 960 se pahale kA mAnanA cAhie / dharmazarmAbhyudayakI eka saMskRta TIkA maNDalAcArya lalitakIrtike ziSya yazaHkArtikRta milatI hai, jisakA nAma ' sandehadhvAntadIpikA ' hai / bahuta hI mAmUlI TIkA hai / isa mahAkAvyapara to eka do acchI TIkAyeM honI thIM / do prAcIna pratiyA~ pATaNa (gujarAta) ke saMghavI pAr3Ake pustaka- bhANDAra meM dharmazarmAbhyudayakI jo hastalikhita prati hai vaha vi0 1287 kI likhI huI hai aura isalie usase yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki mahAkavi haricandra ukta saMvatse bAda ke to kisI taraha ho hI nahIM sakate, pUrvake hI haiN| kitane pUrvake haiM, yaha dUsare pramANoMkI apekSA rakhatA haiM / isa grantha- pratikA naM0 36 hai aura isakI puSpikAmeM likhA hai- saMvat 1287 varSe haricaMdrakaviviracitadharmazarmAbhyudaya kAvyapustikA zrIratnAkarasUri Adezena kIrticaMdragaNinA likhitamiti bhadram // 88 " isa pratimeM 12 || 11 sAijake 195 patra haiM / ukta saMghavI pAr3eke hI bhANDAra meM isa granthakI 176 nambarakI eka prati aura bhI hai jisameM 20X21 sAijake 148 patra haiM / isa pratimeM likhanekA samaya to nahIM diyA hai; parantu prati likhAkara vitaraNa karanevAlekI eka vistRta 1 vidUSakaH ( sakrodhaM ) - ujjuaM evva tA kiM Na bhaNai, amhANaM ceDiA hariandaNadiaMdakoTTisahAlappahudINaM pi purado sukaitti / ( Rjveva tatkiM na bhaNyate, asmAkaM ceTikA haricandra - nandicandra- koTiza- hAlaprabhRtInAmapi purataH sukaviriti / 2 isa TIkAkI eka prati bambaI ke e0 pa0 sarasvatIbhavana ( 138 ka ) meM hai jo vi0 sa0 1652 kI likhI huI hai / karttAkA samaya mAlUma nahIM huA / ) 3-4 dekho gAyakabAr3a oriyaNTala sIrIz2a meM prakAzita pATaNake jaina bhANDAroMkI sUcI /

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mahAkavi haricandra 475 prazasti dI hai, jisakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki dharmacakriyoM ( tIrthaGkaroM) ke tIrthoM aura dhanI manuSyoMke kAraNa jo tIna bhuvanameM vikhyAta hai, usa gurjara (gujarAta) dezameM vidyA aura vaibhavase sampanna vidyApura (bIjApura ) nAmakA nagara hai| vahA~ hU~bar3a kulameM eka padma nAmaka gRhastha vikhyAta hue jinakI patnIkA nAma zarkarA thaa| usI vaMzameM dAda hue jinake bhAIkA nAma nirmala thA / jisane sarvajJoMko bhI pratiSThA dI arthAt jaina maMdiroMkI pratiSThA karAI, usa dAtAkI bhalA kauna prazaMsA kara sakatA hai ? dAdakI 4-athAsti gurjaro dezo vikhyAto bhuvanatraye / dharmacakrabhRtAM tIrthaMrdhanADhyaiAnavairapi / / 1 / / vidyApuraM puraM tatra vidyAvibhavasaMbhavaM / padmaH zarkarayA khyAtaH kule huMbar3asaMjJake / / 2 // tasminvaMze dAdanAmA prasiddho bhrAtA jAto nirmalAkhyastadIyaH / sarvazebhyo yo dadau supratiSThAM taM dAtAraM ko bhavetstotumIzaH / / 3 / dAdasya patnI bhuvi moSalAkhyA zIlAMburAzeH zucicaMdrarekhA / tannandanacAhaNidevibhaga depAlanAmA mahimaikadhAma // 4 // tAbhyAM prasUto nayanAbhirAmo raMDAkanAmA tanayo vinItaH / zrIjainadharmeNa pavitradeho dAnena lakSmI saphalAM karoti // 5 // hAnU-jAsalasaMjJake'sya zubhage bhArye bhavetAM dvaye, mithyAtvadrumadAhapAvakazikhe saddharmamArge rate / sAgAravratarakSaNaikanipuNe ratnatrayodbhAsike, rudrasyeva nabhonadIgirisute lAvaNyalIlAyute // 6 // zrIkuMdakuMdasya babhUva vaMze zrIrAmacaMdraH prathitaprabhAvaH / ziSyastadIyaH zubhakIrtinAmA tapoMganAvakSasi hArabhUtaH / / 7 / / pradyotate saMprati tasya paTTa vidyAprabhAveNa vishaalkiirtiH| ziSyairanekairupasevyamAna ekAMtavAdAdivinAzavajram // 8 // jayati vijayasiMhaH zrIvizAlasya ziSyo jinaguNamaNimAlA yasya kaMThe sadaiva / amitamahimarAzerdharmanAthasya kAvyaM nijasukRtanimittaM tena tasmai vitarNim // 9 //

Page #504
jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa patnIkA nAma mopalA thA jo zIlavatI aura candrarekhAke samAna pavitra thI / usake putrakA nAma mahimAdhAma depAla ( devapAla ) thA jisakI cAhaNi devI nAmaka bhAryAse sundara vinayazIla ruMDAka nAmaka putra utpanna huA, jo dAna kara karake apanI lakSmIko saphala karatA hai / usakI hAnU aura jAsala nAmakI do bhAryAIyeM mahAdevakI gaMgA aura pArvatI ke sadRza thIM, jo saddharmamArga meM rata, sAgAravatoM kI rakSA karanevAlI aura ratnatrayako prakAzita karanevAlI thIM / 304 zrI kundakundake vaMza meM prabhAvazAlI rAmacandra ke ziSya zubhakIrti hue jo bar3e tapasvI the / isa samaya unake padako apanI vidyA ke prabhAva se vizAlakIrti zobhita kara rahe haiM, jinake aneka ziSya haiM aura jo ekAntavAdiyoMko parAjita karanevAle haiN| vizAlakIrtike ziSya vijayasiMha haiM, jinake kaMTameM jinaguNoM kI maNimAlA sadaiva zobhA detI hai / usane ( ruMDAkane ? ) yaha bhagavAn dharmanAthakA kAvya ( dharmazarmAbhyudaya ) puNyavRddhike nimitta vijayasiMhako vitaraNa kiyA / isa 176 nambaravAlI pratimeM prati likhanekA samaya nahIM diyA hai; parantu rAmacandra, zubhakIrti yA vizAlakIrtike samaya kA patA yadi anya sAdhanoM se lagAyA jA sake to vaha mAlUma ho sakatA hai / vidyApura gujarAtakA bIjApura hI mAlUma hotA hai / vahA~ hU~bar3a jAtike jainoMkI bastI aba bhI hai / sAhityAcArya paM0 rAjakumAra zAstrI apane tA0 22-11-41 ke patra meM likhate haiM ki vAgbhaTake neminirvANa kAvya aura dharmazarmAbhyudayakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki vAgbhaTane dharmazarmAbhyudayakA acchI taraha parizIlana kiyA thA / kaI padyoMko thoDese hI herapherake sAtha unhoMne apanA banA liyA hai / udAharaNa ke lie donoM kA prathama padya dekhie / isI taraha dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke paMcama sargakA aura neminirvANa ke dvitIya sargakA prAraMbhika aMza bhI milatA julatA hai jisameM ki eka surAMganA AkAzase utaratI huI rAjAko dikhalAI detI hai aura isase dharmazarmAbhyudaya neminirvANa se pahalekA jAna par3atA hai / anyatra batalAyA gayA hai ki neminirvANa vikramakI bArahavIM zatAbdike prArambhase pahale kI racanA hai / ataeva haricandrakA samaya gyArahavIM zatAbditaka to pahu~ca hI jAtA hai /

Page #505
mahAkavi vAdIbhasiMha vAdIbhasiMhake do kAvya grantha upalabdha haiM, gadyacintAmaNi aura kSatracUr3AmaNi / pahalA gadya-kAvya hai aura dUsarA anuSTup zlokabaddha padya-kAvya / pahalA mahAkavi vANakI kAdambarI aura dhanapAlakI tilakamaMjarIke DhaMgakA hai aura jainoMke kAvyasAhityameM bahuta hI mahattvakI racanA hai| dUsarekI vizeSatA yaha hai ki kathAke sAtha sAtha usameM nIti aura upadeza bhI calatA hai / kavi zlokake pUrvArdhameM to apanI kathAko kahatA calatA hai aura sAtha sAtha uttarArdhameM AthAntaranyAsake dvArA koI na koI nIti yA zikSAkI sundara sUkti detA jAtA hai| donoM kAvyoMke kathAnaka bilkula eka haiM, kSatra yA kSatriyoMmeM cUr3AmaNike tulya jIvaMdhara nAmaka purANa puruSakA carita donoMmeM nibaddha hai| pahalA zRMgArAdi rasoMse paripluta hai, ataeva praur3ha logoMke lie hai aura dUsarA zAyada sukumAramati kumAroMke lie likhA gayA hai, isalie usameM zikSAkI pradhAnatA hai| ___ kavine gadyacintAmANake prAraMbhameM apane gurukA nAma AcArya puSpasena batalAyA hai aura kahA hai ki unhIke prasAdase unheM vAdIbhasiMhatA aura munipuMgavatA ( AcAryatA ) prApta huI aura antake do zlokoMmeM batalAyA hai ki unakA vAstava nAma oDayadeva thaa| 1-zrIpuSpasenamuninAtha iti pratIto, divyo manuhRdi sadA mama saMnidadhyAt / yacchaktitaH prakRtimUDhamatirjano'pi, vAdIbhasiMhamunipuMgavatAmupaiti // 6 -zrImadvAdIbhasiMhena gadyacintAmaNiH kRtaH, stheyAdoDayadevena cirAyAsthAnabhUSaNaH // stheyAdoDayadevena vAdIbhahariNA kRtaH, gdycintaamnniloke cintAmaNirivAparaH //

Page #506
jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vAdI siMhakA artha hai vAdirUpI hAthiyoM ke lie siMhake tulya / spaSTa hI yaha eka vizeSaNa hai jo unake vAdivijetA hone ko prakaTa karatA hai / yaha unakA nAma nahIM, vizeSaNa yA padavI hai jo Age calakara nAma hI bana gaI hai / aura bhI aneka AcAryoMko yaha padavI prApta thI aura usakA upayoga kahIM kahIM unake nAmoMke sAtha aura kahIM kahIM binA nAmake bhI kiyA jAtA thA / malliSeNa-prazasti meM AcArya ajitasenakA unake vAdIbhasiMha padake sAtha ullekha kiyA gayA hai' aura zravaNabelagolake 493 veM zilAlekha meM arUMgalAnvayake zrIpAla traividyadevako bhI vAdIbhasiMha likhA hai / bhagavajinasenane AdipurANa ke prAraMbha meM apane pUrvavartI vidvAnoMkI stuti karate hue ekakA ullekha 'vAdisiMha' nAmase kiyA hai jo ki nizcayase kisIkI padavI hai aura vaha padavI usa samaya itanI prasiddha thI ki usake sAtha vAstavika nAma denekI unheM AvazyakatA hI pratIta na huI / laghusamantabhadrane bhI apane aSTasahasrITippaNa meM 'AptamImAMsA ' ko ' vAdIbhasiMhopalAlita' vizeSaNa diyA hai, jo padavI hI hai, nAma nahIM / isa padavIparase hama taba taka padavIdhara ke nAmakA ThIka ThIka anumAna nahIM kara sakate jaba taka ki usake lie koI dUsare sabala pramANa na ho / 478 ajitasena aura oDayadeva sabase pahale san 1916 meM sva0 paM0 TI0 esa0 kuppUsvAmI zAstrIne gadyacintAmaNi kI bhUmikA meM likhA thA ki maliSeNa - prazasti ke ajitasena aura gadyacintAmaNi ke katI vAdIbhasiMha eka hI jAna par3ate haiM / parantu isake lie unhoMne koI vizeSa pramANa upasthita nahIM kiye the / usake bAda paM0 ke0 bhujabala zAstrIne ukta dhAraNAko puSTa karane ke lie hAla hI do vistRta lekha 1 - sakalabhuvanapAlAnamramUrddhAvacadvasphuritamukuTacUDAlIDhapAdAravindaH / madavadakhilavAdIbhendra kumbhaprabhedI gaNabhRdajitaseno bhAti vAdIbhasiMhaH // 57 2 intu niravadyasyAdvAdabhUSaNaruM gaNapoSaNasametarumAgi vAdIbhasiMha vAdikolAhala ... zrIpAla traividyadevarge / 3 kavitvasya parA sImA vAgmitvasya paraM padam / gamakatvasya paryanto vAdisiMho'rcyate na kaiH // 54

Page #507
mahAkavi vAdIbhasiMha prakAzita kiye haiM, parantu unameM ve eka bhI pramANa aisA nahIM de sake haiM jo niHsaMzayarUpase ajitasenako gadyacintAmaNikA karttA siddha karane ke lie paryApta ho / 479 eka to ajitasenake gurukA nAma puSpasena nahIM hai, aura lagabhaga usI samayake jina eka puSpasena muniko ajitasenakA guru mAnaneke lie zAstrIjIne AviSkRta kiyA hai, unakA ajitasena nAmakA koI ziSya hI nahIM hai, balki unake ziSyakA nAma vAsupUjya siddhAntadeva hai, sAtha hI puSpasena aura ajitasenakA sthitikAla bhI donoMke guru-ziSya hone meM bahuta kucha bAdhaka hai / dUsare ajitasena rAjamAnya vidvAna the, aneka rAjA unake caraNoM meM sira jhukAte the, parantu oDayadeva yA vAdIbhasiMhake viSaya meM aisA koI ullekha nahIM hai jisameM unheM rAjamAnya kahA gayA ho / tIsare ajitasena ke sambandha meM jitane uddharaNa zAstrIjIne diye haiM unameM se kisI meM bhI unheM mahAkavi yA kAvya-granthoMkA karttA nahIM batalAyA hai / yadi ve gadyacintAmaNi jaise zreSTha kAvya ke karttA hote, to kamase kama maliSeNaprazasti meM unakI isa vizeSatAkA saMketa avazya hotA / isa prazasti meM unakI prazaMsAmeM eka do nahIM 50 paMktiyoM kharca kI gaI haiM / ukta prazasti aura dUsare ullekhoMse to ve bar3e bhArI vAdivijetA aura tArkika hI mAlUma hote haiM, kavi nahIM | ina saba bAtoMse oDayadeva aura ajitasena eka nahIM ho sakate / donoM meM sirpha eka hI samatA hai aura vaha yaha ki donoM ' vAdIbhasiMha ' padako dhAraNa karanevAle the / akalaMkadevake samakAlIna oDayadeva paM0 kailAsacandrajI zAstrIne nyAyakumudacandra ( prathama khaMDa ) kI bhUmikA meM likhA hai ki maliSeNa prazasti meM jina puSpasena muniko akalaMkadevakA sadharmA yA gurubhAI batalAyA hai, vAdIbhasiMha unhIM ke ziSya pratIta hote haiM aura laghusamantabhadra ke aSTasahasrI - TippaNa meM jina vAdIbhasihakA ullekha hai ve bhI zAyada yahI ho / 6 1 dakho jainasiddhAnta bhAskara bhAga 6, aMka 2 pR0 78-87 aura bhAga 7 aMka 1 pR0 1-8 2 zAstrIjIne gadyacintAmaNikI prazastike 'cirAyAsthAna - bhUSaNaH ' padase zAyada yaha samajha liyA hai ki ve rAjamAnya the / AsthAna-bhUSaNa ' kA artha hai sabhAkA bhUSaNa yA zobhA aura yaha vizeSaNa gadyacintAmaNike lie diyA gayA hai, kavike lie nahIM / kavikA sirpha itanA hI abhiprAya hai ki yaha grantha cirakAlake lie sabhAoMkA bhUSaNarUpa hokara rahe /

Page #508
480 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa isake sivAya unhoMne bhagavajinasena aura vAdirAjadvArA smRta vAdisiMhako bhI vAdIbhasiMha hI hone kI saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI hai| __ pahale merA bhI yahI khayAla thA; parantu aba maiM oDayadeva yA vAdIbhasiMhako itanA prAcIna nahIM samajhatA / merI samajhameM eka vAdisiMha yA vAdIbhasiMha bhagavajjinasenase pahale hue jarUra haiM jinakA vAstavika nAma mAlUma nahIM hai aura AptamImAMsApara bhI zAyada unhIMkI koI TIkA thI parantu gadyacintAmANakArase ve pRthak haiM, yadyapi ve bhI kavi, vAdI aura tArkika the| isake sivAya akalaMkadevake sadharmA puSpasenake hI ve ziSya the, yaha bhI nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| somadevakA ziSyatva zrutasAgaramUrine yazastilakakI TIkA ( AzvAsa 2 ) meM vAdirAja mahAkavikA eka padya uddhRta karake likhA hai ki ye vAdirAja bhI somadevake ziSya haiN| kyoMki somadeva kahate haiM ki 'vAdIbhasiMha bhI mere ziSya haiM aura vAdirAja bhii|' parantu zrutasAgarake isa kathanapara vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki eka to unhoMne yaha batalAne kI kRpA nahIM kI ki somadevane ukta vacana kisa granthameM kisa prasaMgapara kahA hai aura dUsare somadevane apane yazastilakako zaka saMvat 881 ( vi0 saM0 1016 ) meM pUrA kiyA hai aura vAdirAjane apanA pArzvanAthacarita za0 saM0 947 ( vi0 saM0 1082 ) meM unase 66 varSa bAda / isake sivAya vAdirAja svayaM apane gurukA nAma matisAgara batalAte haiM aura vAdIbhasiMha apane gurukA nAma puSpasena / ataeva kamase kama gadyacintAmaNike kartA vAdIbhasiMhako to somadevakA ziSya kisI taraha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| 1-syAdvAdagirimAzritya vAdisiMhasya garjite / diGnAgasya madadhvaMse kIrtibhaMgo na durghaTaH ||-paa0 ca0 2-" uktaM ca vAdirAjamahAkavinA--- karmaNA kavalitA janitA jAtaH purAntarajanaMgamavATe / karmakodravarasena hi mattaH kiM kimatyezubhadhAma na jIvaH / sa vAdirAjo'pi zrIsomadevAcAryasya ziSyaH / ' vAdIbhasiMho'pi madIyaziSyaH zrIvAdIrAjo'pi madIyaziSyaH' ityuktatvAcca / " 'karmaNAkavalitA' padya vAdirAjake kisa granthakA hai, yaha bhI mAlUma nahIM ho sakA / pArzvacaritameM to yaha hai nhiiN|

Page #509
mahAkavi vAdIbhasiMha 481 kavikA sthAna kavike oDayadeva nAmase paM0 ke0 bhujabali zAstrIne unheM tamila yA drAvir3aprAntakA nivAsI batalAyA hai aura bI0 zeSagiri rAva ema0 e0 ne kaliMga ( telugu) ke gaMjAma jileke AsapAsakA / gaMjAma jilA madrAsaka ekadama uttarameM hai aura aba ur3IsAmeM jor3a diyA gayA hai / vahA~ rAjyaka sardAroMkI oDeya aura goDeyanAmakI do jAtiyA~ hai jinameM pArasparika sambandha bhI hai| ataeva unakI samajhameM vAdIbhasiMha janmataH oDeya yA ur3iyA sadAra hoNge| oDayadevakA samaya gadyacintAmaNi aura kSatracUr3AmaNikA jo kathAnaka hai, vaha guNabhadrAcArya ke jIvaMdharacaritra ( uttarapurANAntargata ) se liyA gayA hai aura donoM meM bahuta adhika samAnatA hai| isakA saMketa bhI gadyacintAmaNike nimnalikhita padyameM milatA hai niHsArabhUtamapi bandhanatantujAtaM mUrdhA jano vahati hi prasavAnusaMgAt / jIvaMdharaprabhavapuNyapurANayogAdvAkyaM mamApyubhayalokahitapradAyi // 9 // yaha jIvaMdharacaritrakA utpAdaka puNya purANa uttarapurANa hI jAna par3atA hai jo za0 saM0 705 (vi0 saM0 840 ) kI racanA hai, ataeva vAdIbhasiMha isase pIcheke haiN| suprasiddha dhArAdhIza rAjA bhojaka viSayameM eka zloka prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoMke lie paricita hai jo ki unake sabhAkavi kAlidAsa ( abhinava kAlidAsa yA parimala ) ne unakI mRtyukA jhUTA samAcAra sunakara kahA thA ___ adya dhArA nirAdhArA nirAlambA srsvtii| paNDitAH khaNDitAH sarve bhojarAje divaM gate / / aura isI zlokake pUrvArdhakI chAyA satyaMdhara mahArAjake zokake prasaMgameM kahI huI gadyacintAmaNikI isa uktimeM milatI hai-" adya nirAdhArA dharA nirAlambA srsvtii|" sva0 kuppUsvAmI zAstrIne isase anumAna kiyA thA ki gadyacintAmaNi bhojarAjake bAdakI racanA hai| bhojadevakA rAjya-kAla vi0 saM0 1076 se vi0 1112 taka mAnA jAtA hai / 1 dekhA, jainasiddhAntabhAskara varSa 8, aMka 2 pR0 117 2 bhojadevake uttarAdhikArI jayasiMhakA vi0 saM0 1112 kA eka dAnapatra milA hai ataeva isase kucha pahale hI unakA svargavAsa huA hogaa|

Page #510
482 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa tAmila bhASAmeM 'jIvaka-cintAmaNi' nAmakA eka prasiddha kAvya hai jisake karttA tiruttakkadeva nAmake kavi haiM / tAmila sAhityake vizeSajJa paM0 svAminAthayyAkA mata hai ki isa granthakI racanA kSatra-cUr3AmaNi aura gadya-cintAmaNikI chAyA lekara kI gaI hai aura zrI kuppUsvAmI zAstrIne apane sampAdita kiye hue kSatracUr3AmaNimeM isa tarahake chAyAmUlaka bIsoM padya TippaNake rUpameM uddhRta karake isa bAtakI puSTi bhI kI hai| jIvaka-cintAmaNike bananekA ThIka samaya to mAlUma nahIM hai parantu 'periyapurANa' nAmaka tAmilagranthameM usakA pahale pahala ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo ki cola-nareza kulottuMgakI prArthanAse zekkilAra nAmaka paMDitane banAyA thaa| kulottuMgakA rAjya-kAla vi0 saM0 1137 se 1175 hai, ataeva isase pahale vikramakI bArahavIM sadIke pUrvArdhameM jIvaka-cintAmANi aura prathama pAdameM gadya-cintAmaNi race gaye hoNge| usa samaya bhojadevasambandhI pUrvokta padyakA anukaraNa bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataeva jaba taka prAcInatAke aura koI pramANa na mile taba taka oDayadevako vikramakI bArahavIM sadIke prAraMbhakA kavi mAnanA cAhie aura yaha bhI ki ve kisI aisI guruparamparAmeM hue haiM jisakA hameM patA nahIM / apane saMgha yA gaNakA unhoMne koI ullekha nahIM kiyA /

Page #511
cAra vAgbhaTa kucha unameM se vAgbhaTa nAmake aneka granthakarttA ho gaye haiM, ye haiM1 ' aSTAGgahRdayake kartA vAgbhaTa - isa suprasiddha vaidyaka granthake karttA vAgbhaTTa sindhudezake rahanevAle the aura inake pitAkA nAma siMhagupta thA / ye bahuta prAcIna haiM aura adhikAMza vidvAnoM ke mata se bauddhadharmake anuyAyI the | paNDitapravara AzAdharane isa granthapara eka TIkA likhI thI, jo abhI taka aprApya hai / isI kAraNa kucha logoMkA khayAla hai ki ye jaina the, parantu isake lie koI pramANa nahIM hai / 2 neminirvANa mahAkAvya ke karttA vAgbhaTa | kAvyamAlA meM prakAzita neminirvANameM kavikI koI prazasti nahIM hai; parantu ArAke jainasiddhAntabhavanameM saMvat 1727 pauSa kRSNa aSTamI zukravArakI likhI huI jo prati hai, usake antameM nimnalikhita paricaya-padya diyA huA hai aura usase kavikA thor3A-sA paricaya mila jAtA hai ahicchatrapurotpanna- prAgvATa kulazAlinaH / chADasya sutazcakre prabandhaM vAgbhaTaH kaviH || 87 zravaNabelagolake sva0 paM0 daurbali jinadAsa zAstrI ke pustakAlaya meM naminirvANakI jo prati hai usameM bhI yaha padya likhA huA hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki 1 maisUrake paMDita padmarAjake pustakAlaya meM aSTAGgahRdayakI jo prati kanar3I lipimeM likhIhuI hai usake antameM nIce likhe do padya haiM yajjanmanaH sukRtinaH khalu sindhudeze yaH putravantamakarodbhuvi siMhaguptam / tenoktametadubhayajJabhiSagvareNa sthAnaM samAptamiti / / 1 namo vADava ( vAgbhaTa ? ) tIrthAya viduSe lokabandhave / yenedaM vaidyavRddhAnAM zAstraM saMgRhya nirmitam // 2 2 dekho, jainahitaiSI bhAga 15, aMka 3-4 pR0 79 meM paM0 jugala kizorajI mukhtArakA noTa / 3 dekho, jainahitaiSI bhAga 11, aMka 7-8 pR0 482

Page #512
484 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa neminirvANake kartA vAgbhaTa ( bAhar3a ) chAhar3a ke putra the jo prAgvATa yA poravAr3akulake the aura ahicchatrapurameM utpanna hue the| inhoMne na to apane kisI guru AdikA nAma likhA hai aura na aura koI paricaya hI diyA hai / apane kisI pUrvavartI kavi yA AcAryakA bhI kahIM smaraNa nahIM kiyA hai, jisase inake samayapara kucha prakAza DAlA jA ske| parantu itanA nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye vAgbhaTAlaMkArake karttA vAgbhaTase pahaleke haiN| kyoMki vAgbhaTAlaMkAra) neminirvANake aneka padyoM ko udAharaNasvarUpa uddhRta kiyA gayA hai aura jaisA ki Age batalAyA gayA hai vAgbhaTAlaMkArake kartA vAgbhaTakA samaya vi0 saM0 1179 ke lagabhaga hai / ataeva neminirvANakI racanA bArahavIM sadIke prAraMbhake bAdakI nahIM ho sktii| neminirvANa kAvyapara bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUpagakI eka paMjikA TIkA upalabdha hai / aura koI TIkA abhI taka prApta nahIM huI / jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM ye vAgbhaTa digambarasampradAyake anuyAyI the / neminirvANake prathama sargake 19 veM padyameM kahA hai ki ve malli jina tumhArA kalyANa kareM, jinheM tapake kuThArase karmaballIko kATa DAlA hai aura jo kuru ( kuruvaMzI yA izvAkuvaMzI) ke suta honepara bhI duHzAsana ( kuruputra duHzAsana rAjA aura dUsare pakSameM duSTatAse zAsana karanevAle ) nahIM hue| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve mAla jinako zvetAmbara sampradAyake samAna ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjAkI sutA ( lar3akI ) nahIM kintu suta ( lar3akA ) mAnate the / 3 vAgbhaTAlaMkArake kartA vAgbhaTa--inake pitAkA nAma somazreSThI thiiN| 1 ma0 ma0 AjhAjIphe anusAra ' nAgaura 'kA purAnA nAma ahicchatrapura hai / dekho nA0 pra0 patrikA bhAga 2, pR0 329 / / 2 neminirvANaka chaThe sargake ' kAntArabhUmau ' ' jahurvasante' aura ' nemivizAla. nayano' Adi 46, 47 aura 51 nambarake padya vAgbhaTAlaMkArake cauthe paricchedake 35, 39 aura 32 na0 ke padya haiM aura sAtaveM sargakA 'varaNA prasananikarA ' Adi 26 veM na0 kA padya cauthe paricchedakA 40 naM0 kA padya hai / 3 tapaHkuThArakSatakarmavallimallirjino vaH zriyamAtanotu / __ kuroH sutasyApi na yasya jAtaM duHzAsanatvaM bhuvanezvarasya // 19 4 baMbhaMDasuttisaMpuDamuttiamaNiNo pahAsamUhavva / siribAhaDatti tanao Asi buho tassa somassa //

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cAra vAgbhaTa 485 siMhadevagaNike kathanAnusAra ve mahAkavi aura eka rAjyake mahAmAtya the / kavicAndrakA TIkAke kartA vAdirAjane bhI unheM ' mahAmAtyapadabhRt ' likhA hai / saMkarAlaMkArake udAharaNameM kavine kahA hai ki saMsArameM tIna hI ratna haiM, eka aNahillapATaNa nagara, dUsarA karNadevake putra rAjA jayasiMhadeva aura tIsarA zrIkalaza nAmakA unakA hAthI / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki ye vAgbhaTa gujarAtake solaMkI rAjA siddharAja jayasiMhake samakAlIna aura unake maMtrI the / jayasiMhakA rAjya-kAla vi0 saM0 1150 se 1199 taka nizcita huA hai| zvetAmbarAcArya prabhAcandrane apane prabhAvakacaritameM likhA hai ki bAhar3a nAmake dhI dharmAtmAne gurucaraNoMmeM praNAma karake pUchA ki koI aisA prazaMsanIya kArya batalAie ki jisameM dhana vyaya kiyA jAya ? taba gurune bhagavAnakA mandira banAne meM dhanakI saphalatA batalAI aura taba vAgbhaTane himAlayake samAna dhavala aura U~cA mandira banavAyA aura usameM virAjamAna karane ke lie varddhamAna jinakI pratimA bhii| vi0 saM0 1178 meM municandrasUrikA samAdhimaraNa huA aura usake eka varSa bAda vAgbhaTane devasUrike dvArA ukta mUrtikI pratiSThA kraaii| isase patA lagatA 1 idAnIM granthakAra idamalaMkArakartatvakhyApanAya vAgbhaTAbhidhasya mahAkave : mahAmAtyasya tannAma gAthayaikayA nidarzayati / 2-aNahillapATakapuramavanipatiH karNadevanRpasUnuH / zrIkalazanAmadheyaH karI ca ratnAni jagatIha // 3 dekho zrI durgAzaMkara zAstrIkA -- gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa / ' pR0 225 4-athAsti bAhaDo nAma dhanavAndhAmikAgraNIH / gurupAdAnpraNamyAtha cakre vijJApanAmasau / / AdizyatAmatizlAghyaM kRtya yatra dhanaM vyaye / pra rAhAlaye jaine dravyasya saphalo vyayaH / / AdezAnantaraM tenAkAryata zrIjinAlayaH / hemAdridhavalastuMgo dIpyakumbhamahAmaNiH / zrImaMtA vardhamAnasyAbIbharadvimbamuttamam / yattejasA jitAzcandra......kAntamaNiprabhAH //

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486 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa hai ki vi0 saM0 1179 meM vAgbhaTa the aura yaha siddharAja jayasiMhakA hI rAjya-kAla hai| ___ AcArya hemacandrane bhI apane yAzraya kAvya ( sarga 20 zloka 91-92 ) meM vAgbhaTako jayasiMhakA amAtya batalAyA hai| vAgbhaTAlaMkArapara jinavarddhanasUri, siMhadevagaNi, kSemahaMsa gaNi, aura rAjahaMsa upAdhyAya ina cAra zvetAmbara vidvAnoMkI TIkAyeM upalabdha haiM / inake sivAya pAmarAjake putra vAdirAja nAmaka digambara vidvAnakI aura anantabhaTa-suta gaNeza nAmaka ajaina vidvAnakI bhI TIkA hai| ye vAgbhaTa zvetAmbara sampradAyake anuyAyI the / yaha eka AzcaryakI bAta hai ki apane granthameM neminirvANake aneka padyoMkA udAharaNasvarUpa upayoga karake bhI inhoMne usake kartAkA kahIM bhUlakara bhI smaraNa nahIM kiyA / 4 kAvyAnuzAsanake kartA vAgbhaTa--ye nemikumArake putra the / apane pitAko inhoMne kaunteyakuladivAkara, mahAn vidvAn, dharmAtmA aura yazasvI likhA hai / unhoMne medapATa ( mevAr3a ) meM pratiSThita pArzvanAtha jinakA yAtrAmahotsava kiyA thA jisase unakA yaza bhuvanavyApI ho gayA thA, rAhar3apurameM nemi bhagavAnakA aura naloTakapurameM RSabha jinakA bAIsa devakulikAoMsahita vizAla mandira nirmANa karAyA thaa| nemikumAra apane bar3e bhAI rAhar3ake parama bhakta the / zataikAdazake sASTasaptatau vikramArkataH / vatsarANAM vyatikrAnte zrImunicandrasUrayaH / / ArAdhanAvidhizreSThaM kRtvA prAyopavezanaM / zamapIyUpakallolaplutAsta tridivaM yayuH / / yugmam vatsare tatra caikena pUrNe zrIdevasUribhiH / zrIvIrasya pratiSThAM sa bAhaDo'kArayanmudA / / 1-vAgbhaTa nAmake eka aura jaina amAtya jayasiMhake uttarAdhikArI kumArapAlake samayameM hue haiM parantu ve udayanake putra the / 2 rAhar3apura zAyada nemikumArake bar3e bhAI rAhar3akA hI basAyA huA ho| rAhar3apura aura naloTakapura mevADameM hI kahIM hoNge|

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cAra vAgbhaTa 487 har3akI bhI kavine bahuta prazaMsA kI hai| unhoMne bhI apane nyAyopArjita dhanase Adi jinakA mandira banavAyA thA / nemikumAra ke pitAkA nAma makkala ( mokala) aura mAtAkA mahAdevI thI I kaunteya kula kauna-sA hai, hama nahIM jAnate / parantu ina vAgbhaTakA kula koI bahuta pratiSThita aura rAjamAnya kula jAna par3atA hai / dhanake atirikta vidyAse bhI yaha kula bahuta samRddha thA / vAgbhaTa mahAkavi the / kAvyAnuzAsana ke sivAya inhoMne aneka kAvya, nATaka aura chandograntha likhe the / unameM se kAvyAnuzAsanakI svopajJavRtti meM ( pR0 15) inhoMne apane ' RSabhadevacarita ' mahAkAvyakA eka padya uddhRta kiyA hai aura eka jagaha ( pR0 20 ) vAgbhaTa - chandonuzAsana kI bhI carcA kI hai / parantu kisI nATakakA ullekha nahIM milA / vAgbhaTAlaMkAraka kartAse ye pIche hue haiM aura unase bhinna haiM / kyoMki inhoMne kAvyAnuzAsana ke guNa- prakaraNa meM likhA hai ki daNDi, vAmana, aura vAgbhaTapraNIta daza guNa haiM parantu maiM to mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda ye tIna hI guNa mAnatA hU~ / kAvyAnuzAsanase isa bAtakA ThIka ThIka patA nahIM calatA ki ye vAgbhaTa kisa sampradAya ke anuyAyI the parantu adhika saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki ve digambara hoMge / kyoMki unhoMne apane isa grantha meM RSabhadevacaritake prAraMbhakA nIce likhA padya uddhata kiyA hai yatpuSpadantamunisenamunIndramukhyaiH pUrvaiH kRtaM sukavibhistadahaM vidhitsuH / hAsyAya kasya nanu nAsti tathApi santaH zRNvantu kaMcana mamApi suyuktisUktam // isameM bhUlase jinasenakI jagaha munisena chapa gayA jAna par3atA hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pUrvavartI puSpadanta aura jinasenAdi muniyoMne jise banAyA 1 dekhI kAvyAnuzAsana - TIkAkI utthAnikA / 2 vinirmitAnekanavyabhavyanATaka cchando'laMkAramahAkAvya pramukha mahAprabandhabandhuro'pAratArazAstrasAgarasamuttaraNatIrthAyamAnazemupI ... ... mahAkavi zrIvAgbhaTo... 3 ayaM ca sarvaH prapaMca: zrIvAgbhaTAbhidhasvopajJachandonuzAsane prapaMkti iti nAtrocyate ! munizrIjinavijayajIke kathanAnusAra isa granthakI eka tAr3apatrapara likhI huI prati pATaNa jaina bhaMDAra meM hai /

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488 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa hai, use banAte hue maiM kisake hAsyakA pAtra na banU~gA ? aura ye donoM arthAt AdipurANake kartA jinasena aura mahApurANake kartA puSpadanta digambara sampradAyake hI the| inake granthoMko vAgbhaTane par3hA thA / _isake sivAya nebhinirvANa, candraprabhacarita aura dhanaMjayakI nAmamAlAke uddharaNa bhI isI bAtako puSTi karate haiN| kyoMki ye tInoM bhI digambara sampradAyake kaviyoMkI racanAyeM haiN| _kucha sthAnoM meM 'rAjImatI-parityAga' kAvyakA bhI ullekha milatA hai jo zAyada paM0 AzAdharakA 'rAjImatI-vipralaMbha' nAmaka kAvya ho / parityAga aura vipralaMbha ekArthavAcI haiM / AzAdharakA 'rAjImatI-vipralaMbha' upalabdha nahIM hai / Azcarya nahIM jo ' rAjImatI-parityAga' bhI usakA nAma ho / yadi hamArA yaha anumAna ThIka ho to ina vAgbhaTako AzAdharake bAda vikramakI caudahavIM zatAbdikA mAnanA hogA / ___ kAvyAnuzAsanameM pacAsoM granthoMke uddharaNa diye haiM / yadi unakI acchI taraha chAnabIna kI jAya aura patA lagAyA jAya ki ve kina kina granthoMke haiM to isase na kevala kavike samayapara hI prakAza par3egA aneka aparicita granthoMkA bhI patA lgegaa| ... 1 udyAnajalakelimadhupAnavarNana neminirvANa-rAjImatIparityAgAdau / pR0 16 / 2 tatrAzoryathA candraprabhakAvye-zriyaM kriyAdyasya surAgame Adi, pR0 15 aura candrodayAstasamayavarNanaM zizupAlavadha-candraprabhacaritAdau, pR0 16 3 abhidhAnakozo naammaalaa| tato hi zabdanizcayaH / nanu prayuktameva prayujyate, anyathA prayuktatvadApAvakAzaH, tatki nAmamAlayA / maivam / sAmAnyena prayuktAdarthAvagatirbhavati / yathA nIvIzabdena jaghanavastragranthirucyate iti kasyacinizcayaH 'striyaH puruSasya vA' iti saMzaye nIvirAgranthanaM nAryA jaghanasthasya vAsasaH' iti nAmamAlApadAvalokanAdeva nirNayo bhavati /

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kavi vAdirAja inakI abhI taka do racanAyeM upalabdha huI haiM eka to vAgbhaTAlaMkArakI 'kavicandrikA' nAmakI saMskRta TIkA aura eka ' jJAnelocanastotra' nAmakA choTA-sA stotra / pahale granthakI utthAnikA aura prazastise mAlUma hotA hai ki ye 1 isakI eka prati jayapurake pATodIke mandira meM hai aura dUsarI saMghIjIke mandirameM / dUsarI pratike antake kucha patra nahIM haiN| 2 yaha stotra mANikacandra-jainagranthamAlAke siddhAntasArAdisaMgrahameM chapa cukA hai : 3 anantAnantasaMsArapAragaM pArzvamIzvaram / pramANanayabhaMgAbdhi bhuktibhUSojjhitaM stuve // 1 vAgbhaTakavIndraracitAlaMkArasyAvacUririyamamalA / jinavacanagurukRpAto viracyate vAdirAjena // 2 dhanaMjayAzAdharavAgbhaTAnAM dhatte padaM samprati vaadiraajH| khANDilyavaMzodbhavapomasanuH jinoktipIyUSasutRptagAtraH // 3 ...iti matvA ratnatrayAlaMkRtastravidyavitto vimalasomaveSThikulabhUyomahAmAtyapadabhRcchImadvAgbhaTamahAkavistAvadiSTadevatAmabhISTauti / ... saMvatsare nidhigazvazazAGkayukte dIpotsavAkhyadivase sagurau sacitre | lagne'linAmni ca samApa giraHprasAdAt sadvAdirAjaracitA kavicandrikeyam / / 1 zrIrAjasiMhanRpatirjayasiMha eva zrItakSakAkhyanagarI aNahillatulyA / zrIvAdirAjavibudho'paravAgbhaTo'yaM zrIsUtravRttiriha nandatu cArkacandram / / 2 zrImadbhImanRpAlajasya balinaH zrIrAjasiMhasya me, sevAyAmavakAzamApya vihitA TIkA zizUnAM hitaa| hiinaadhikyvce| yadatra likhitaM tadvai budhaiH kSamyatAm , gArhasthyAvaninAthasevanadhiyaH kaH svasthatAmApnuyAt // iti zrIvAgbhaTAlaMkAraTIkAyAM pomarAjazreSThisutavAdirAjaviracitAyAM kavicandrikAyAM paJcamaH paricchedaH /

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490 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa khaNDelavAla vaMzameM utpanna hue the aura unake pitAkA nAma pomarAja ( padmarAja) zreSThI thA / zreSThI zAyada seThIkA saMskRtarUpa hai, jo ki khaNDelavAloMkA eka gotra hai| unhoMne apaneko usa samayameM dhanaMjaya, AzAdhara aura vAgbhaTakA pada dhAraNa karanevAlA arthAt unhIMkI jor3akA vidvAn batalAyA hai / ve takSaka nagarIke rAjA rAjasiMhake maMtrI the aura unake sevA-kAryameM rahate hue kucha avakAza nikAlakara unhoMne yaha bAlopayogI TIkA likhI thii| rAjasiMhako bhImanRpAtmaja arthAt rAjA bhImasiMhakA putra likhA hai| ve apaneko dUsarA vAgbhaTa batalAte hue likhate haiM ki rAjA rAjasiMha dUsare jayasiMhadeva haiM, takSaka nagara dUsarA aNahillapura hai aura maiM vAdirAja dUsarA vAgbhaTa huuN| TIkAkI utthAnikAmeM unhoMne vAgbhaTako mahAmAtyapadabhRt likhA hai, isase zAyada vAdirAja bhI rAjasiMhake amAtya hoNge| isa TIkAko unhoMne vi0 saM0 1729 kI dIpamAlikAko, guruvAra, citrA nakSatra aura vRzcika lagnameM samApta kiyA thA /

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nemicarita-kAvya kAvya - paricaya kAvyamAlA ke dvitIya gucchaka meM yaha kAvya nemidUtake nAmase prakAzita huA hai / para vAstava meM isakA nAma ' nemicarita mAlUma hotA hai' / yaha 'meghadUta' ke Dha~gakA kAvya hai aura meghadUtake hI caraNa lekara isakI racanA kI gaI hai / zAyada isIlie ise nemidUta nAma mila gayA hai / parantu yathArtha meM isameM dUtapanA kucha bhI nahIM hai / na isameM neminAtha dUta banAye gaye haiM aura na unake lie koI dUsarA dUta banAyA gayA hai / rAjImatIne nebhi bhagavAnako saMsArAsakta karane ke lie jo jo prayatna kiye haiM, jo jo anunaya vinaya kiye haiM aura jo jo viraha vyathAyeM sunAI haiM unhIM kA varNana karake yaha hRdayadrAvaka kAvya banAyA gayA hai / antameM rAjImatI ke sAre prayatna niSphala hue / neminAthane use saMsArakA svarUpa samajhAyA; viSaya-bhogoMkA pariNAma dikhalAyA, mAnava-janmakI sArthakatA batalAI aura isakA phala yaha huA ki rAjImatI svayaM deha-bhAgoM se udAsa hokara sAdhvI ho gaI / yadi anta ke do lokoM meM ye pichalI bAteM na kahI gaI hotIM, to isa kAvyakA ' rAjImatI - vipralambha yA ' rAjImatI - vilApa ' athavA aisA hI aura koI nAma anvarthaka hotA; parantu antima zlokoM se isameM neminAthako pradhAnatA prApta ho gaI hai, rAjImatI ke sAre viraha-vilApa unake aTala nizcaya aura ucca caritrake poSaka ho gaye haiM; isalie isameM sandeha nahIM ki isakA ' nemicarita ' nAma bahuta soca samajha kara rakhA gayA hai / , 9..... isa kAvyakI racanA sundara aura bhAvapUrNa hai / parantu jagaha jagaha kliSTatA A . pravarakavituH kAlidAsasya kAvyAdantyaM pAdaM supadaracitAnmeghadUtAdgRhItvA / zrImannamezvaritavizadaM sAMgaNasyAMgajanmA cakre kAvyaM budhajanamanaH prItaye vikramAkhyaH ||

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492 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa gaI hai / dUrAnvayatA bahuta hai / prayatna karanese vizeSa parizramase kavikA hRdgata Azaya samajhameM AtA hai / para isameM kavikA doSa nahIM-use lAcAra hokara aisA karanA par3A hai| kavikulaguru kAlidAsake suprasiddha kAvya meghadUtake pratyeka zlokake cauthe caraNako apane pratyeka zlokakA cauthA caraNa mAnakara kavine isa kAvyakI racanA kI hai / aisI dazAmeM cauthe caraNoMke zabdoM, vAkyoM, aura unake AzayoMkI adhInatAmeM par3akara kavi aura karatA hI kyA ? apane hRdgata bhAvoMko dUsare kavike zabdoM, vAkyoM aura AzayoMke dvArA ruddha hue mArgameMse prakaTa karaneke sivA use koI gati hI na thii| aisI paristhitimeM kAvyameM kliSTatA AnA hI caahie| kintu isa parAdhIna kAryameM bhI kavine jo kAvyakauzala dikhalAyA hai aura jo mArmikatA dikhalAI hai, usase anumAna ho sakatA hai ki yadi kavi apane bhAvoMko svacchandatApUrvaka prakaTa karanekA, apanI bhAvadhArAko vinA bAdhAke kahanekA maukA pAtA, to isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki yaha kAvya aura bhI sundara bana jAtA / isa kAvyake banAnemeM kaviko kitanA parizrama karanA par3A hogA isakA anumAna pAThaka taba kara sakeMge jaba meghadUtako sAmane rakhakara isa kAvyako par3heMge aura mevadUtake cauthe caraNoMke mUla bhAvoMke sAtha isake cauthe caraNoMke bhAvoMkA milAna kareMge / merI samajhameM yaha kAma vaisA hI kaThina hai jaisA ki Amake eka paudheko kATakara usakI pIr3hameM dUsare paudhekI kalamako jor3a denA aura donoMke zarIrako, rasako aura cetanAzaktiko eka kara denA / pUre kAvyakA pATha karake hama dekhate haiM ki kavine isa kaThina kAryameM kAphI saphalatA prApta kI hai| kAvyakA kartA isa kAvyake kartAkA nAma vikrama hai / vaha sAMgaNakA putra thA / nemicaritake antima zlokase kavikA kevala itanA hI paricaya milatA hai / vaha kisa samaya huA, kima vaMzameM huA, kisa sthAnameM usakA nivAsa thA, usane aura kina kina graMthoMkI racanA kI, ityAdi bAtoMkA kucha bhI patA nahIM cltaa|| ___ RSabhadAsa nAmake eka zvetAmbara sampradAyake kavi ho gaye haiM jinake banAye hue kumArapAlarAsa (vi0 saM0 1670), hIravijayasUrirAsa (vi0 saM0 1685) Adi gujarAtI bhASAke grantha milate haiM / mere mitra zrI mohanalAlajI desAIne inakA kAvya-kAla vi0 saM0 1656 se 1686 taka nizcita kiyA hai / inake pitAkA nAma saMghavI sAMgaNa thA aura ye khaMbhAtake rahanevAle the| pahale hamane

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nemicarita-kAvya 493 anumAna kiyA thA ki ukta sAMgaNake hI putra aura RSabhadAsake bhAI the vikrama hoMge parantu abhI hAla hI mAlUma huA hai ki nemicaritakI eka prati vi0 saM0 1602 kI likhI huI bAlUcarake gaTThabAbUke saMgrahame maujUda hai, isa lie vikrama kavi RSabhadAsake bhAI nahIM ho sakate / isake sivAya RSabhadAsane apane kisI granthameM vikramakA koI jikra bhI nahIM kiyA hai| khaMbhAtake cintAmaNi-pArzvanAthamandirameM eka vistRta zilAlekha hai' jo vi. saM0 1352 kA hai| isa lekhake 28 ve se lekara 31 veM nambara takake padyoMmeM mAlavA, sapAdalakSa aura citrakUTa (cittor3a ) se khaMbhAtameM Aye hue sAMgaNa, jayatA aura pralhAdana Adi dhanI zrAvakoMkA ullekha hai jinhoMne ukta mandirakI nirantara pUjA hote rahane ke lie vyApArapara kucha lAga bA~dha dI thii| inameMsa sAMgaNa huMkAravaMza ( hU~bar3a ) ke aura jayatA siMhapuravaMza ( narasiMhapurA ) ke the / saMbhava hai ki inameMse pahale zrAvaka sAMgaNake hI putra vikrama hoM aura ye sAMgaNa Adi digambara sampradAyake mAlUma hote haiN| kyoMki isa lekhake cauthe padyameM sahasrakartikA aura sattAIsaveM padyameM yazaHkIrti gurukA ullekha hai aura ye donoM digambara sAdhu haiN| isake sivAya hU~bar3a aura narasiMhapurA jAtiyoMke zrAvaka isa samaya bhI adhikAMzameM digambara AmnAyaka anuyAyI haiN| yoM kAvyake viSayase to kavi zvetAMbara yA digambara kisa sampradAyakA thA, isakA kucha patA nahIM lagatA kyoMki kAvyameM jo kucha kahA gayA hai vaha sAmpradAyika mata-bhedakI sImAse bAhara hai| 1 dekho, muni zrIjinavijayajI sampAdita : prAcIna-jaina-lekhasaMgraha ' kA 449 naM0 kA zilAlekha / isa lekhakI bahuta-sI paMktiyoMkA kucha aMza naSTa ho gayA hai| prAcIna mandira zAyada vi0 sa0 1165 meM banA thA aura 1352 meM usakA jIrNoddhAra huA hai jaba ki yaha lekha utkIrNa huaa| 2 huMkAravaMzajamaharghamaNIyamAnaH zrIsAGgaNaH praguNapuNyakRtAvatAraH / torezasannibhayazo jinazAsanA) niHzeSakalmaSavinAzanabhavyavarNaH // siMhapuravaMzajanmA jayatAkhyo vijita enasaH pakSaH |....ityaadi / abAgamanmAlavadezato'mI sapAdalakSAdatha citrakUTAt / ... 3 dinodayaM sa cakre gurujagatAbhyuditaH sahasrakIrtiH // 4 gurupade budhaivayoM yazaHkIrtiH yazonidhiH /

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494 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kavikA kSetra-jJAna meghadUtake yakSane preyasIke pAsa sandeza bhejane ke lie bAdaloMko mArga batalAyA hai ki tuma amuka amuka sthAnoMse hokara jAoge; to usake samIpa pahu~ca jaaoge| isa mArga-sUcanameM kAlidAsane apane bhUgola-jJAnakA vilakSaNa paricaya diyA hai / vidvAnoMne nizcaya kiyA hai ki unake varNanameM deza-sthAnasaMbaMdhI koI bhUla nahIM hai| mAno kAlidAsane svayaM paryaTana karake ukta saba sthAna aura nagarAdi dekhakara apanA kAvya likhA thA / ___ yahI bAta nemicaritameM bhI hai / isa kavikI bhI isa viSayameM acchI jAnakArI thii| yadyapi usakA varNita kSetra kAlidAsake jitanA bar3A nahIM hai; to bhI usane usameM paryaTana kiyA hai aura svayaM A~khoM dekhe hue sthAnoMkA varNana kiyA hai; jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki kavi kAThiyAvAr3akA yA usake AsapAsake hI kisI sthAnakA rahanevAlA hogaa| nIce una thor3ese sthAnoMke viSayameM khulAsA kiyA jAtA hai jinakA varNana nemicaritameM AyA hai (1) rAmagiri (zloka 1)-meghadUtakA rAmagiri amarakaMTaka parvata hai| parantu nemicaritake karttAne yaha nAma girinArake lie diyA hai / Urjayantagiri, raivatAdri Adi nAma to girinArake jagaha jagaha milate haiN| para yaha nAma isa kAvyake atirikta kahIM nahIM dekhA gayA / saMbhava hai ki kavine mevadUtake caturtha caraNake vazavI hokara jisameM ki ' rAmagiri' nAma par3A huA hai-girinArakA nAma rAmagiri na honepara bhI agatyA mAna liyA ho aura hamAre dezameM ' rAma' zabda itanA pUjya hai ki use kisI bhI pUjya tIrthake lie vizeSaNarUpameM denA anucita bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (2) dvArikA (zloka 16)-girinArase dvArikA vAyavya-koNameM hai| isalie isa zlokameM kahA hai ki dvArikA jAneke lie Apako uttarakI ora jAkara phira pazcimako jAnA pdd'egaa| (3) vetravatI (zloka 26)--yaha dvArikAke prAkArake pAsa hai / 64 veM zlokakI gomatI aura yaha eka hI mAlUma hotI hai / gomatI aba bhI gomatI hI kahalAtI hai; vetravatI yA to isakA dUsarA nAma hogA, yA usameM beta adhika hoMge, isalie kavine usakA isa anvarthaka nAmase ullekha kiyA hogA / meghadUtake

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nemicarita-kAvya 495 jisa caraNakI yaha samasyApUrti hai usameM yaha zabda par3A huA hai; isalie kavi aisA karaneke lie vivaza thaa| meghadUtakI vetravatI -- mAlave' kI 'betavA nadI hai| ( 4 ) svarNarekhA ( zloka 32 aura 45 )--yaha nadI girinAra parvatase hI nikalI hai| choTI-sI pahAr3I nadI hai / isakI retameM sonekA bahuta sUkSma aMza aba bhI pAyA jAtA hai / ise loga ' suvaraNA' kahate haiM / Age calakara yaha nadI zAyada kisI dUsare nAmase prasiddha huI hai| (5) krIDAparvata (zloka 27 )-' tulasIzyAma' nAma parvatako loga zrIkRSNakA krIDAparvata kahate haiM / isapara rUThI rukmiNIkI mUrti banI huI hai / (6) vAmanarAjAkI nagarI ( zloka 32 )-isako ima samaya vaNathalI kahate haiM, jo ki 'vAmanasthalI kA apabhraMza hai| yaha jUnAgar3ha sTeTakA eka kasbA hai, aura jUnAgar3hase lagabhaga 5 kosakI dUrIpara hai / yahA~ vaha sthAna bhI banA huA hai, jahA~ viSNune tIna pairase pRthvI mApI thii| (7) bhadrA ( zloka 50 )--yaha nadI isa samaya ' bhAdara' nAmase prasiddha hai / yaha jasadagake pAsake parvatase nikalI aura navIbandarase Age araba samudra meM milI hai / kavine isake saMgamasthalakA hI varNana kiyA hai| (8) paura ( zloka 51)-yaha isa samaya porabandarake nAmase prasiddha hai| bhadrA (bhAdara) ko pAra karaneke bAda kavine isa nagarake milanekI bAta kahI hai / (9) gandhamAdana aura veNunaparvata (zloka 53 aura 61)- hAlAra aura varaDo prAntake bIcakI parvatazreNIko 'baraDo' kahate haiM / saMbhavataH isI zreNIke kinhIM do parvatoMkA nAma gandhamAdana aura veNuna hogA / kavine ina donoMkA varNana porabandarase Age calakara kiyA hai| meghadUtake mUla zloka 115 haiM aura 10 zloka kSepaka batalAye jAte haiM / para isa kAvyameM kSepakasahita sabhI zlokoMke caraNoMkI pUrti kI gaI hai aura isIlie isameM 125 zloka hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki kavike samayameM ukta kSepaka zloka pracalita the| yaha kAvya kAvyamAlAmeM bahuta samaya pahale chapa cukA hai / sva0 paM0 udayalAlajI kAzalIvAlane isakA hindI anuvAda bhI kiyA thA, jo prakAzita ho cukA hai|

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jyotiH prabhAkalyANa nATaka 6 lagabhaga pacAsa varSa hue ' kAvyAmbudhi ' nAmakA eka saMskRta mAsika patra usa samaya ke suprasiddha jaina vidvAn paM0 padmarAjane baMgalorase nikAlanA zurU kiyA thA, jo nirNayasAgara presakI suprasiddha kAvya- mAlAke DhaMgakA thA / isameM kevala jaina kAvyoM ke prakAzita karanekI vyayasthA kI gaI thI / isakA eka aMka binA TAiTilakA mere saMgraha meM hai jisameM padmanandikI ekatva - saptati' ke 51 padma vyAkhyAsahita aura zrIbrahmasUrike ' jyotiprabhAkalyANa nATaka ' ke do aMka pUre aura tRtIyAMka ke tIna peja aura haiN| donoM granthoMke DimAI sAijake cauvIsa cauvIsa peja diye gaye haiM / mAlUma nahIM isase Age aura kitane aMka isa patrake nikale | yadi eka do aMka hI aura nikale hoM to ye donoM grantha unameM pUrNa ho gaye hoMge / inameM se ' ekatva - saptati' to ' padmanandi - paMcaviMzatikA ' ke antargata prakAzita ho cukI hai aura isa lie sulabha hai; parantu ' jyotiHprabhAkalyANa ' nATaka durlabha hai / yaha solahaveM tIrthaMkara zrI zAntinArthake pUrvabhavasambandhI amitateja vidyAdhara aura jyotiHprabhAke kathAnakako lekara racA gayA hai aura bhagavadguNabhadrakA uttarapurANa isakA mUla hai | isake karttA brahmasUri haiM' jo nATyAcArya hastimalake vaMzaja haiM aura unase lagabhaga sau varSa bAda vikramakI pandrahavIM zatAbdi meM hue haiM aura jinake trivarNAcAra aura pratiSThAtilaka grantha prasiddha haiM / nATakake antameM kavine zAyada apanA paricaya diyA ho aura usase kucha adhika prakAza usake sambandha meM par3a sake / zAntinAtha bhagavAnake janma kalyANa ke pUjA - mahotsava ke dina khelane ke lie isa nATakakI racanA huI thI / nATakakI racanA sundara mAlUma hotI hai / 1 pradoSe jAyate prAtaH kiM kA maMgalavAcakam | kiM rUpayantu tacceha brahmasUrikRtizca kA //

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tIna mahAn granthakartA vIrasena, jinasena aura guNabhadra digambara-jaina-sampradAyameM ekake bAda eka ye tIna mahAn AcArya aise hue haiM ki inakI jor3a nahIM milatI / lagAtAra kaI pIr3hiyoM taka inhoMne jJAna-jyotiko akhaNDa rUpase prajvalita rakkhA aura jaina-sAhitya-bhaNDArako vizAla grantha-ratnoMse samRddha kiyaa| paMcastUpAnvaya aura senAnvaya ye mUlasaMghake 'paMca-stUpa' nAmake anvayameM hue haiM jo Age calakara senAnvaya yA sena-saMghake nAmase vikhyAta huaa| svAmI vIrasena aura jinasenane to apane vaMzako paMcastUpAnvaya hI likhA hai parantu guNabhadrasvAmIne senAnvaya likhA hai aura jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM vIrasena jinasenake sivAya unake bAdake anya kisI bhI AcAryane kisI granthameM paMcastUpAnvayakA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| ___ saMghoMkI utpatti, unakA nAmakaraNa, aura unake gaNa-gacchoMkA itihAsa abhI taka bahuta kucha andhakArameM haiM / isa viSayameM AcArya indranandine apane zrutAvatArameM jo kucha likhA hai vaha bahuta hI saMkSipta aura aspaSTasA hai aura aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki svayaM unake nikaTa bhI yaha spaSTa na thA; phira bhI usase aisA jAna par3atA hai ki jaina muni pahale bastiyoMse bAhara guhAoM, stUpoM, azoka, puMnAga, 1-ajajaNaMdisisseNujavakammassa caMdaseNassa / taha NattuveNa paMcatthUhaNNayabhANuNA muNiNA // 4 -dhavalA yastapodIptakiraNairbhavyAmbhojAni bodhayan / vyadyotiSTa munInenaH paMcastUpAnvayAmbare // 5 -ja0 dha0 2-zrImUlasaMghavArAzau munInAmiva sArciSAm / mahApuruSaratnAnAM sthAnaM senAnvayo'jani // 2 -uttarapurANa pra0

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498 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zAlmali ( semara ) Adi vRkSoke upavanoM yA unake mUlameM rahate the aura zAyada usa samaya unhIMke saMketase unake saMghoM yA daloMkA ulakha kiyA jAtA thaa| yaha paMcastUpAnvaya yA paMcastUpa saMgha usI samayakA nAma hai / kisI jagaha koI pA~ca prasiddha stUpa hoMge aura unhIMke pAsa inakA nivAsa rahA hogA / zrutAvatArake anusAra jo paMcastUpa-nivAsase Aye, una muniyoM meM kisIko sena aura kisIko bhadra nAma diyA gayA tathA kucha logoMke matasa sena nAma hI diyA gayA~ / so yaha senAnta aura bhadrAnta nAmavAle muniyoMkA samUha hI pIche senAnvaya yA senasaMgha kahalAne lagA hogaa| ___ jambUsvAmIcaritake kI paM0 rAjamalane-jo ki mugala-samrATa akabaraka samakAlIna hai-likhA hai ki usa samaya mathurAmeM 515 jIrNastUpa maujUda the aura unakA uddhAra ToDara nAmake eka dhanika sAhune agaNita dravya vyaya karake karAyA thA / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki prAcIna kAlameM jaina-stUpoMkI paripATI thI aura taba vahA~ muniyoM kA nivAsa rahatA hogaa| guru-ziSya-paramparA ina AcAryoMkI pUrva paramparAkA patA hameM Arya candrasena taka milatA hai, unase pUrvakA nahIM / candrasenake ziSya Arya Aryanandi, unake ziSya vIrasena, vIrasenake ziSya jinasena, unake ziSya guNabhadra aura guNabhadrake ziSya lokasena / AtmAnuzAsanake TIkAkAra prabhAcandrane likhA hai ki apane bar3e dharma-bhAI viSaya1-paMcastRpyanivAsAdupAgatA ye'nagAriNastaSu / kA~zcitsenAbhikhyAnyA~zcidbhadrAbhidhAnakarot // 93 // 2-anye jagurguhAyA vinirgatA nandino mahAtmAnaH / devAzcAzokavanAtpaMcastUpyAstataH senaH // 97 // 3-vIrasena aura jinasenake nAmameM to sena aura guNabhadrake nAmameM bhadra hai; parantu vIrasenake dAdAguru Aryanandi the, isalie zrutAvatArake anusAra ve paMcastUpoMse nahIM kintu guhAse Aye hue hone caahie| 4-dekhI, mA0 je0 granthamAlAdvArA prakAzita jambUsvAmIcaritakA prathama sarga aura sampAdakakI bhUmikA /

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tIna mahAn granthakarttA vyAmugdhabuddhi lokasenako bodha deneke lie yaha grantha banAyA gayo / parantu uttarapurANakI prazastike anusAra lokasena guNabhadra ke aneka ziSyoM meM mukhya ziSya the aura ve viditasakalazAstra, munIza aura avikalavRtta the / ataeva TIkAkArakA ukta kathana ThIka nahIM mAlUma hotA ki lokasena unake guru bhAI the / 499 maNDalapuruSa nAmaka vidvAnkA banAyA huA 'cUr3AmaNi- nighaNTu' nAmakA drAvir3a bhASAkA eka koza hai / isa kozameM unhoMne apaneko guNabhadrakA ziSya batalAyA hai aura likhA hai ki unakI preraNA se hI yaha koza banAyA gayA | parantu maMDalapuruSa ke guru eka dUsare hI guNabhadra the / 3 1 - bRhaddharmaM bhrAturlokasenasya viSayavyA mugdhabuddheH saMbodhanavyAjena sarvasattvopakArakasanmArgamupadarzayitukAmo guNabhadradevo nirvighnataH zAstraparisamAptyAdikaM phalamabhilaSa nniSTadevatAvizeSa namaskurvannAha - 2 viditasakalazAstro lokaseno munIzaH kaviravikalavRttastasya ziSyeSu mukhyaH / satatamiha purANe prApya sAhAyyamuccai rguruvinayamanaipInmAnyatAM svasya sadbhiH // 28 -- uttara - pu0 pra0 3 sva0 TI0 esa0kuppUsvAmI zAstrIne jIvaMdharacaritrakI bhUmikA meM likhA thA ki cUr3AmaNinivagh karttA maNDalapuruSa dakSiNa arkATa jileke tirunaruMguDa nAmaka gA~va ke rahanevAle the aura jyotiSa tathA nItizAstra ke mahAn paMDita guNabhadrake ziSya the / usakI racanA unhoMne kRSNa ke rAjyakAlameM kI thI jo ki usa rASTrakUTa akAlavarSakA hI dUsarA nAma hai jisake rAjya-kAlameM guNabhadrakA uttarapurANa samApta huA thA / isIke AdhArase apane ' jinasena aura guNabhadrAcArya ' ( vidvadratnamAlA ) zIrSaka lekhameM hamane bhI ina maMDalapuruSako guNabhadrakA ziSya likhA thA / parantu usake bAda tAmila vidvAnoMmeM isakI bahuta carcA huI aura ho rahI hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki cUDAmaNinighaMTu meM jisa kRSNakA ullekha hai vaha vijayanagarakA rAjA kRSNadevArya hai jisakA samaya I0 sa0 1509 se 1530 taka / isake sivAya cUDAmaNi -nighaMTukI bhASA bhI bahuta pIchekI hai aura usameM divAkara aura piMgalandi nAmake jina kozoM kA ullekha hai, ve bhI itane purAne nahIM haiM / ataeva maNDalapuruSake guru guNabhadra koI dUsare hI guNabhadra the, uttarapurANake karttA nhiiN| eka nAmake aneka AcArya honese isa taraha kI bhrAnta dhAragAyeM aksara ho jAyA karatI haiN|

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500 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa lokasenake sivAya guNabhadrasvAmIke aura bhI aneka ziSya the; parantu hameM unakA patA nhiiN| vIrasena svAmIke jinasenake sivAya dazaratha guru nAmake eka ziSya aura the aura guNabhadrane apaneko ina donoMkA hI ziSya batalAyA hai|' vIrasenake eka aura ziSya vinayasena nAmake bhI the jinakI preraNAse jinasenane pArvAbhyudaya kAvyakI racanA kI thI aura darzanasArake karttA devasenake kathanAnusAra jinake ziSya kumArasenane Age calakara kASThAsaMghakI sthApanA kI thii| jinasena svAmIne jayadhavalA TIkAmeM zrIpAla, padmasena, aura devasena nAmake tIna vidvAnoMkA ullekha aura bhI kiyA hai / saMbhavataH ye bhI unake sadharmA yA gurubhAI 1-sa zrImAn jinasenapUjyabhagavatpAdo jaganmaMgalam / ...8 dazarathagururAsIttasya dhImAnsadharmA...... ziSyaH zrIguNabhadrasUriranayorAsIjagadvizrutaH ||14...uttrpuraann pra0 2-zrIvIrasenamunipAdapayojabhaMgaH zrImAnabhUdvinayasenamunirgarIyAn / taccoditena jinasenamunIzvareNa kAvyaM vyadhAyi parivoSTitameghadUtam / / -sirivIraseNasisso jiNaseNo sylstthvinnaannii| siripaumaNaMdipacchA causaMghasamuddharaNadhIro // 31 // tassa ya sisso guNavaM guNabhaddo divvaNANa-paripuNNo / pakkhovavAsamaMDiyamahAtavo bhAvaliMgo ya // 32 // teNa puNovi ya micchu NAUNa muNissa viNayaseNassa / siddhata ghosittA sayaM gayaM saggaloyassa / / 33 // AsI kumAraseNo NaMdiyaDe viNayaseNadikkhayao... so savaNasaMghavajjho kumAraseNo du smyaamicchtto| cattovasamo ruddo kaTaM saMgha parUvedi / / 35 // -sarvajJapratipAditArthagaNabhRtsUtrAnuTIkAmimAM ye'bhyasyanti bahuzrutAH zrutaguruM saMpUjya vIraprabhum / te nityojjvalapadmasenaparamAH zrIdevasenArcitAH bhAsante ravicandrabhAsisutapaHzrIpAlasatkIrtayaH // 44 ||-jydhvlaa

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tIna mahAn granthakartA 501 the / zrIpAlako to unhoMne apanI jayadhavalA TIkAkA saMpAlaka yA poSaka kahA hai' aura apane AdipurANameM bhI unakI prazaMsA kI hai / AdipurANakI utthAnikAmeM jinasenane likhA hai ki tapolakSmIke janmasthAna, zruta aura prazamake nidhi, vidvAnoMke ague jayasena guru merI rakSA kreN| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ye bhI vIrasena svAmIke guru-bhAI hoMge aura isalie jinasenane inakA bhI gururUpase smaraNa kiyA hai| vIrasena svAmIne citrakUTameM jAkara elAcAryake samIpa siddhAnta-granthoMkA adhyayana kiyA thA aura taba unhoMne jayadhavalA TIkA likhI thii| ata eva elAcArya bhI unake guru the| parantu ve kisake ziSya the aura kisa anvayake the, isakA koI ullekha nahIM milA / kundakundAcAryakA bhI eka nAma elAcArya batalAyA jAtA hai parantu unase ye bhinna haiM / Arya candrasena Arya Aryanandi vIrasena jayasena / / / ___.. / dazaratha guru jinasena vinayasena zrIpAla padmasena devasena kumArasena ( kASThAsaMghI) guNabhadra lokasena 1-TIkA zrIjayacihnito'ru dhavalA suutraarthsNdyotinii|| stheyAdAravicandramujjvalatapa:zrIpAlasaMpAlitA // 43 ||-j0 dha0 2-bhaTTAkalaMka-zrIpAla-pAtrakesariNAM guNAH / viduSAM hRdayArUDhA hArAyanteti nirmalAH // 53 ||-aa0 pu0

Page #530
502 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vIrasena svAmI vIrasena svAmI apane samayake mahAn AcArya the / unhoMne apaneko siddhAnta, chanda, jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa aura pramANa zAstroM meM nipuNa kahA hai / jinasenane unheM vAdimukhya, lokavit, vAgmI aura kavike atirikta zrutakevalItulya bhI batalAyA hai aura kahA hai ki unakI sarvArthagAminI prajJAko dekhakara buddhimAnoMko sarvajJakI sattAmeM koI zaMkA nahIM rahI thI / siddhAnta-samudrake jalameM dhoI huI apanI zuddha buddhise ve pratyekabuddhoMke sAtha spardhA karate the| guNabhadrane unheM tamAma vAdiyoMko trasta karanevAlA aura unake zarIrako jJAna aura cAritrakI sAmagrIse banA huA kahA hai / jinasena (dvitIya) ne unheM kavicakravartI kahA hai| unake banAye hue tIna granthoMkA ullekha milatA hai jinameM se do upalabdha haiM 1 siddha-bhUpaddhati-TIkA-uttarapurANakI prazastimeM guNabhadrasvAmIne isa 1-siddhata chaMda-joisu-vAyaraNa-pamANasaNiuNaNa / bhaTTAraeNa TIkA lihiesA vIraseNeNa / / 5 ||-dhvlaa -zrIvIrasena ityApta-bhaTTArakapRthuprathaH / sa naH punAtu pUtAtmA vAdivRndArako muniH // 55 // lokavitvaM kavitvaM ca sthitaM bhaTTArake dvayaM / / / vAgmitA vAgminA yasya vAcA vAcaspaterapi / / 56 ||-aa0 pu0 3-yaM prAhuH prasphuradbodhadIdhatiprasarodayaM / zrutakevalina prAjJAH prajJAzramaNasattamam // 22 // 4- yasya naisargikI prajJAM dRSTA srvaarthgaaminiiN| jAtAH sarvajJasadbhAve nigarekA manISiNaH // 21 // 5-prasiddhasiddhasiddhAntavArdhivArdhAtazuddhadhIH / sArddha pratyekabuddhairyaH spardhate dhIddhabuddhibhiH // 23 ||-ja0 gha0 6-tatra vitrAsitAzeSapravAdimadavAraNaH / vIrasenAgraNIvarisenabhaTTArako babhau // 3 7-jJAnacAritrasAmagrImagrahIdiva vigraham / virAjate vidhAtuM yo vineyAnAmanugraham / / 4-uttarapurANa pra0 8-jitAtmaparalokasya kavInAM cakravartinaH / vIrasenaguroH kIrtirakalaMkAvabhAsate // 39-harivaMza

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tIna mahAn granthakartA 503 TIkAkA ullekha kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki siddhabhUpaddhati grantha pada padapara viSama yA kaThina thA / parantu isa TIkAse vaha bhikSuoMka lie atyanta sugama ho gayA / __ isa nAmaparase aisA anumAna hotA hai ki yaha kSetragaNitasambandhI grantha hogA aura varisenasvAmI bar3e bhArI gaNitajJa to the hI jaisA ki unakI dhavalA TIkAse mAlUma hotA hai / isa lie unake dvArA aisI TIkAkA likhA jAnA sarvathA sambhava hai| parantu abhI taka yaha grantha kahIM prApta nahIM haA hai aura na anyatra kahIM isakA ullekha hI milA hai / yaha bhI na mAlUma ho sakA ki mUla grantha kisakA hai jisakI ki yaha TIkA hai| 2 dhavalA TIkA-pUrvoke antargata 'mahAkarmaprakRti' nAmakA eka pAhur3a thA jisameM kRti, vedanA Adi cauvIsa adhikAra the / puSpadanta aura bhUtabali munine AcArya dharasenake nikaTa inakA adhyayana karake Adike chaha adhikAroM yA khaMDoMpara sUtrarUpameM racanA kI jinheM SaTakhaNDAgama kahate haiM / unake nAma haiM jIvasthAna, kSudrakabandha, bandhasvAmitva, vedanA, vargaNA aura mahAbandhe / dhavalA TIkA inameMse Adike pA~ca khaNDoMkI vyAkhyA hai / chaThe mahAbandha khaNDake viSayameM vIrasenasvAmIne likhA hai ki svayaM bhUtabaline mahAbandhako vistArake sAtha likhA hai ataeva usakI punarukta karane kI jarUrata nahIM mAlUma hotii| aura phira pUrvake cauvIsa adhikAroM se zeSake aThAraha adhikAroMkI saMkSipta vyAkhyA kara dI hai jinapara bhUtabalike sUtra nahIM haiM / isa bhAgako unhoMne cUlikA kahA hai aura ise hI chaThA khaNDa mAnakara dhavalAko bhI SaTakhaNDAgama kahA jAtA hai / yaha pUrA grantha 72 hajAra zloka pramANa hai aura saMskRta-prAkRtabhASA mizra hai| jayadhavalA TIkA---yaha AcArya guNadharake kaSAya-prAbhata siddhAntakI TIkA hai aura saba milAkara 60 hajAra zloka pramANa hai| isake prArambhakI bIsa 1-siddhabhUpaddhatiryasya TIkA saMvIkSya bhikSubhiH / TIkyate helayAnyeSAM viSamApi pade pade // 6-uttarapurANa pra0 2 yaha mahAbandha bhUtabalikRta hai aura mahAdhavalake nAmase prasiddha hai / isakA parimANa 30-40 hajAra batalAyA jAtA hai| abhI taka yaha prakAzameM nahIM AyA hai| mUDabidrImeM isakI jo prati hai usake prAraMbhameM lagabhaga sAr3he tIna hajAra zlokapramANa 'satkarmapaMjikA' hai jo dhavalAntargata vIrasenakRta zeSake aThAraha adhikAroMmeMse nibandhanAdi cAra adhikAroMke viSamapadoMkI vyAkhyArUpa hai| isake kartAkA abhItaka patA nahIM laga skaa|

Page #532
jainasAhitya aura itihAsa hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA to vIrasena svAmIkI hai aura zeSa cAlIsa hajAra jinasena svAmIkI | bIsa hajAra TIkA likha cukanepara gurukA svargavAsa ho gayA aura taba ziSyane use pUrA kiyA / jayadhavalA TIkAko jinasenasvAmIne ' vIrasenIyA TIkA' bhI likhA hai jo ki unake guruke kartRtvako prakaTa karatI hai / usakA eka tihAI bhAga to gurukRta hai hI, zeSa bhAga bhI unhIMke Adeza aura sUcanAoMke anusAra likhA gayA hai / ukta donoM TIkA grantha rASTrakUTanareza amoghavarSa ( prathama ) ke samaya meM race gaye the aura amoghavarSakA eka nAma 8 dhavala yA ' atizaya dhavala' bhI thA, isalie anumAna hotA hai ki inakA nAmakaraNa unhIM ke nAmako cirasthAyI karane ke lie kiyA gayA hogA / , 504 dhavalA aura jayadhavalA TIkAoMke viSaya meM isase adhika likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM mAlUma hotI, kyoMki dhavalAkA prakAzana ho rahA hai, cAra khaMDa prakAzita bhI ho cuke haiM aura jayadhavalA ke prakAzanakA kArya zurU ho gayA hai / lagabhaga hajAra varSa taka mUDabidrIke bhaMDAra meM kaida rahane ke bAda aba ye TIkAyeM sarvasAdhAraNa ke netrapatha meM A rahI haiM / ina tIna granthoMke sivAya vIrasena svAmIkI aura kisI racanAkA patA nahIM / saMbhava yahI hai ki na hogI / kyoMki pichalI do TIkAyeM hI 92 hajAra zloka parimita haiM aura eka manuSyake dvArA itanI racanAkA honA bhI kama nahIM hai / jinasena svAmI ye bhI apane guruke hI samAn mahAn vidvAn aura unake sacce uttarAdhikArI siddha hue / guNabhadra bhadantane ThIka hI kahA hai ki jisa taraha himAlaya se gaMgAkA, sarvajJake mu~hase divya dhvanikA aura udayAcalase bhAskarakA udaya hotA hai usI taraha vIrasena se jinasenakA udaya huA / ' jayadhavalA kI prazasti meM svayaM jinasena svAmIne apanA paricaya bar3I hI sundara AlaMkArika zailIse diyA hai- 1 - abhavadiva himAdrerdevasindhupravAho, dhvaniriva sakalazAtsarvazAstrakamUrtiH / udayagiritaTAdvA bhAskaro bhAsamAno, muniranu jinaseno vIrasenAdamuSmAt // - u0 pu0 pra0

Page #533
tIna mahAn granthakarttA 505 * 3 jinake donoM kAna aviddha honepara bhI jJAna - zalAkA se bedhe gaye the', ( isase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki karNavedha saMskAra hone ke pahale hI inhoMne dIkSA le lI thI / ) nikaTa bhavya honeke kAraNa muktirUpI lakSmIne utsuka hokara mAnoM svayaM hI varaNa karaneke lie jinake lie zruta-mAlAkI yojanA kI thIM, jinake dvArA bacapana se akhaMDita brahmacarya vratakA AcaraNa kiye jAneke kAraNa svayaMvara-vidhAna meM sarasvatI citralikhita-sI mUr3ha ho rahI, jo na to bahuta sundara the aura na bahuta catura, phira bhI ananyazaraNa hokara sarasvatI devIne jinakI upacaryA yA sevA kI / buddhi, zAnti aura vinaya ina svAbhAvika guNoMse jinhoMne AcAryoMkI ArAdhanA kI aura guNoMse kauna ArAdhita nahIM hotA ? jo zarIra se kRza ( dubale ) honepara bhI tapase kRza nahIM hue the / zArIrika kRzatva saccA kRzatva nahIM hai / jo guNoMse kRza hotA hai vAstava meM vahI kRza hai / jinhoMne na to kApalikA ( sAMkhyazAstra aura pakSameM tairanekA ghar3A ) ko grahaNa kiyA aura na adhika cintana kiyA, phira bhI jo adhyAtma vidyAsAgara ke 4 5 1. - tasya ziSyo'bhavacchrImAn jinasenaH samiddhadhIH / aviddhAvapi yatkarNau viddhau jJAnazalAkayA || 27 // 2 - yasminnAsannabhavyatvAnmuktilakSmIH samutsukA / svayaM varItikAmeva zrautiM mAlAmayUyujat // 28 // 3 - yenAnucaritA bAlyAdbrahmavratamakhaNDitam / svayaMvaravidhAnena citramUr3hA sarasvatI // 29 // - yo nAtisundarAkAro na cAticaturo muniH / tathApyananyazaraNA yaM sarasvatyupAcarat // 30 // 5 - dhIH zamo vinayazceti yasya naisargikAH guNAH / sUrInArAdhayanti sma guNairArAdhyate na kaH // 31 // 6 - yaH kRzopi zarIreNa na kRzo'bhUttapoguNaiH / 4 na kRzatvaM hi zArIraM guNaireva kRzaH kRzaH // 32 // 7 - yo nAgRhItkApalikAnnApyacintayadaMjasA / tathApyadhyAtmavidyAbdheH paraMpAramazizriyat // 33 //

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506 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa paralI pAra pahu~ca gye| jinakA kAla nirantara jJAnakI ArAdhanAmeM hI vyatIta huA aura isalie tattvadarziyoMne jinheM jJAnamaya piMDa yA jJAnazarIrI kahA~ / __ jinasena siddhAntoMke jJAtA to the hI, kavi bhI ucca koTike the / jayadhavalATIkAke zeSa bhAgake sivAya unake do grantha aura bhI upalabdha haiM, eka pAzrvAbhyudaya kAvya aura dUsarA AdipurANa / 1 pArvAbhyudaya-yaha 364 mandAkrAntA vRttoMkA eka khaNDa kAvya hai aura saMskRta sAhityameM apane DhaMgakA advitIya hai / isameM mahAkavi kAlidAsakA suprasiddha kAvya meghadUta sabakA saba veSTita hai / meghadUtameM jitane bhI padya haiM aura unake jitane bhI caraNa haiM ve saba eka eka yA do do karake isake pratyeka padyameM praviSTa kara liye gaye haiM, arthAt meghadatake pratyeka caraNakI samasyApUrti ke rUpameM yaha kautukAvaha kAvya nirmita huA hai / meghadUtake antima caraNoMko lekara to aneka kAvya likhe gaye haiM, parantu sAre meghadUtako veSTita kara lenevAlA yaha eka hI kAvya hai aura isakI mahattA usa samaya aura bhI bar3ha jAtI hai jaba hama dekhate haiM ki pArzvanAthacaritakI kathAmeM aura meghadUtake virahI yakSakI kathAmeM koI samAnatA nahIM hai / ina saba kaThinAiyoMke hote hue bhI yaha kAvya bahuta hI sundara aura sarasa bana par3A hai| isa kAvyakI racanA jinasenasvAmIne apane sadharmA vinayasenakI preraNAse kI thI aura yaha inakI sabase pahalI racanA mAlUma hotI hai| ___ yogirAT paNDitAcArya nAmake kisI vidvAnne isa kAvyakI eka saMskRta TIkA likhI hai jo vikramakI pandrahavIM sadIke bAdakI hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki kavi 1-jJAnArAdhanayA yasya gataH kAlI nirantaram / tato jJAnamayaM piNDaM ymaahustttvdrshinH|| 34 // 2 maiMne apane ' jinasena aura guNabhadrAcArya ' zIrSaka vistRta lekhameM jo san 1912 meM prakAzita huA thA, pAzrvAbhyudayake bahutase padya anuvAdasahita diye haiM aura isa kAvyakI vizeSatAoMpara bhI vistArake sAtha likhA hai / 3 pArzvabhyudaya-TIkAmeM jagaha jagaha 'ratnamAlA' nAmaka kozake pramANa diye haiM aura isa ratnamAlAkA kartA -- irugdaNDanAtha ' vijayanagaranareza harihararAjake samaya za0 saM0 1321 ( vi0 saM0 1456 ) ke lagabhaga huA hai / ataeva paMDitAcArya usase pIcheke haiN|

Page #535
tIna mahAn granthakartA 507 kAlidAsa baMkApuranareza amoghavarSakI sabhAmeM Aye aura unhoMne bar3e ghamaNDake sAtha apanA meghadUta kAvya par3hakara sunaayaa| usa sabhAmeM jinasenasvAmI maujUda the| unheM koI bhI racanA ho, eka bAra par3hanese, kaNThastha ho jAtI thI, ataeva meghadUta bhI unheM yAda ho gyaa| unake gurubhAI vinayasena bhI vahIM the / unhoMne preraNA kI ki isa kavikA ahaMkAra naSTa karanA cAhie aura taba jinasenane kahA ki purAnI racanAmese curAyA hone ke kAraNa hI yaha kAvya itanA sundara lagatA hai ! isapara kAlidAsane krodhita hokara kahA ki yadi aisI koI purAnI kRti hai to use par3hakara sunaao| jinasenane kahA ki purAnI kRti to yahA~se bahuta dUra eka nagarameM hai, ataeva vaha vahA~se koI ATha dinameM lAI jA skegii| Akhira jinasenane sAta dinake bhItara hI pArzvabhyudayakI racanA kara DAlI aura phira use AThaveM dina rAjasabhAmeM jAkara sunA diyaa| para antameM yaha bhI kaha diyA ki vAstavameM meghadUta svataMtra hI hai, maiMne to yaha kAvya kAlidAsake garvako cUra karane ke lie unake meghadUtakI hI pUrti karake likhA hai / ityAdi / parantu yaha kathA sarvathA kalpita aura avizvasanIya hai| kyoMki eka to meghadUtake kartA kAlidAsa jinasenase bahuta hI pahaleke haiM' aura dUsare amoghavarSakI rAjadhAnI jo baMkApura batalAI gaI hai so bilkula galata hai| amoghavarSakI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa thI aura baMkApura amoghavarSake uttarAdhikArI akAlavarSake sAmanta lokAdityakI / lokAdityake pitAkA nAma baMkeyarasa thA aura usane apane nAmase hI rAjadhAnIkA baMkApura nAma rakkhA thA / ataeva amoghavarSake samaya to zAyada baMkApura nAmakA hI astitva na hogA aura sabase bar3I bAta yaha ki isa taraha jhUTha kahakara kisIko chakAnA jinasena svAmI jaise mahAn AcAryake padake lie zobhAspada nahIM, ulaTA nindAjanaka hai| dharmaprabhAvanA aise nindya kAryose ho bhI nahIM sakatI / ___ 2 AdipurANa-jinasena svAmIne sAre tresaThazalAkA puruSoMkA caritra likhanekI icchAse mahApurANakA prAraMbha kiyA thA parantu bIca hI zarIrAnta ho jAnese unakI vaha icchA pUrI na ho sakI aura mahApurANa adhUrA raha gayA, jise 1 jainakavi ravikIrtine eholeke mandirakI prazastimeM za0 saM0 556 ( vi0 saM0 691 ) meM kAlidAsa aura bhAravikA ullekha kiyA hai " sa jayati kaviravikIrtiH kvitaashritkaalidaas-bhaarvikiirtiH|"

Page #536
508 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pIche unake ziSya guNabhadrAcAryane pUrA kiyaa| mahApurANake do bhAga hai--eka AdipurANa aura dUsarA uttarapurANa / AdipurANameM prathama tIrthakara AdinAtha yA RSabhadevakA carita hai aura uttarapurANameM zeSa 23 tIrthaMkaroM aura anya zalAkA purussoNkaa| AdipurANameM 12 hajAra zloka aura 47 parva yA adhyAya haiM / inamese 42 parva pUre aura 43 veM parvake 3 zloka jinasenake aura zeSa cAra voMke 1620 zloka unake ziSyake haiM / isa taraha AdipurANake 10380 zlokoMke kartA jinasena svAmI haiM / AdipurANa kevala purANa hI nahIM hai, U~ce darjekA mahAkAvya bhI hai / guNabhadra svAmIne usakI prazaMsAmeM kahA hai ki yaha sAre chandoM aura alaMkAroMko lakSyameM rakhakara likhA gayA hai, isakI racanA sUkSma artha aura gUr3ha padoMvAlI hai, isameM bar3e bar3e vistRta varNana haiM, jinako par3hanese tamAma-zAstroMkA sAkSAt ho jAtA hai, isake sAmane dUsare kAvya nahIM Thahara sakate, yaha zravya hai, vyutpannabuddhivAloMke dvArA grahaNa karane yogya hai, aura atizaya lalita hai'| AdipurANa subhASitoMkA bhI bhaMDAra hai / jisa taraha bahumUlya ratnoMkA utpattisthAna samudra hai, usI taraha sUkta-ratnoMkA bhaNDAra yaha purANa hai / jo anyatra durlabha haiM, aise subhASita isameM sulabha haiM aura sthAna sthAnase icchAnusAra saMgraha kiye jA sakate haiN| 1-sakalacchandolaGkRtilakSyaM sUkSmArthagUDhapadaracanam vyAvarNanoru sAraM sAkSAtkRtasarvazAstrasadbhAvam / apahastitAnyakAvyaM zravyaM vyutpannamatibhirAdeyam jinasenabhagavatoktaM mithyAkavidarpadalanamatilalitam // ... 2-yathA mahAyaratnAnAM prasUtirmakarAlayAt / / tathaiva sUktaratnAnAM prabhavo'smAtpurANataH // 16 // sudurlabhaM yadanyatra cirAdapi subhASitam / sulabhaM svairasaMgrAhyaM tadihAsti pade pade // 17 // -u0 pu0 pra0 vidvadratnamAlAmeM maiMne AdipurANake bhI aneka padya bAnagIke taura para sAnuvAda uddhRta kiye , pRSTha 67-70

Page #537
tIna mahAn granthakarttA varddhamAnapurANa ( ? ) - jinasenane apane harivaMzapurANa meM likhA haiyAmitAbhyudaye pArzvajinendra guNa saMstutiH / svAmino jinasenasya kIrtiH saMkItayatyasau // 40 // varddhamAnapurANodyadAdityokti gabhastayaH / prasphuranti girIzAntaH sphuTasphaTikabhittiSu // 41 // pahale hamane ina donoM zlokoMko jinasena svAmIkI prazaMsA karanevAlA samajhA thA aura kalpanA kI thI ki unakA banAyA huA koI varddhamAnapurANa bhI hogA / parantu aba adhika vicAra karanese isa nizcayapara AnA par3A hai ki jinasenakI stuti isake pahale ke 40 veM zloka meM hI samApta ho gaI hai aura isa 41 veM zlokameM kinhIM anya hI AcArya ke varddhamAnapurANakI prazaMsA hai jinakA nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai / isake pahale 35 veM zloka meM bhI binA nAma diye ve varAMgacaritakI prazaMsA kara cuke haiM' / ukta varddhamAnapurANa usa samaya zAyada itanA prasiddha thA ki usake kartAkA nAma denekI unhoMne AvazyakatA hI nahIM samajhI / eka to jo cauvIsoM tIrthakaroM kA caritra likhane baiThA hai, vaha alaga se varddhamAnapurANa pahale likha degA, yaha kucha adbhuta-sA lagatA hai, aura dUsare yadi jinasenakA koI varddhamAnapurANa hotA to guNabhadra svAmI usakA ullekha avazya karate, kamase kama apane mahAvIrapurANa ( uttarapurANAntargata ) meM to usakI carcA karanA unake lie Avazyaka hI ho jAtA / isake sivAya anya bhI kisI kavine kahIM isa varddhamAnapurANakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / garaja yaha ki dvi0 jinasenadvArA prazaMsita varddhamAnapurANa kisI anya hI AcAryakI racanA hai / 509 guNabhadrAcArya jinasena aura dazaratha guruke ziSya guNabhadra svAmI bhI bahuta bar3e granthakarttA hue| jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai inhoMne AdipurANa ke antake 1620 zloka racakara use pUrA kiyA aura phira usake bAda uttarapurANa kI racanA kI jisakA parimANa ATha hajAra zloka hai / jisa DhaMgase mahApurANa prAraMbha kiyA gayA thA aura jitanA 1 - varAMganeva sarvAgairvarAMgacaritArthavAk / kasya notpAdayedgADhamanurAgaM svagocaram // 35 isa varAMgacarita ke karttA jaTA - siMhanandi haiM /

Page #538
510 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vistAra usake prathama aMza AdipurANakA hai, yadi vahI DhaMga Age bhI kAyama rakkhA jAtA to yaha grantha mahAbhArata jaisA vizAla hotA, aura bhagavajinasenakI icchA bhI zAyada yahI thI; parantu guNabhadrane atizaya vistArake bhayase aura hInakAlake anurodhase thor3emeM hI samApta karanA ucita samajhA aura isa taraha kevala ATha hajAra zlokoMmeM hI zeSa teisa tIrthaMkaroM aura anya mahApuruSoMkA carita likha DAlA aura isa taraha unhoMne guruke prati apane kartavyakA pAlana kiyaa| guNabhadra bar3e hI gurubhakta the| kAvya-pratibhA bhI unakI bar3hI car3hI thii| gurukI adhUrI racanAmeM hAtha lagAte samaya unhoMne jo thor3ese padya likhe haiM, ve isa gurubhAkta aura kAvya-pratibhAko bahuta hI spaSTa rUpase prakaTa karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ganneke samAna isa granthakA pUrvArdha hI rasAvaha hai, uttarArdhameM to jyoM tyoM karake hI rasakI prApti hogii| gannakA prArambhakA (nIcekA) bhAga hI svAdiSTa hotA hai, UparakA nhiiN| yadi mere vacana sarasa yA susvAdu ho, to yaha gurukA hI mAhAtmya samajhanA caahie| yaha vRkSoMkA svabhAva hai ki unake phala mIThe hote haiN| vacana hRdayase nikalate haiM aura hRdayameM mere guru virAjamAna haiN| taba vahA~se ve unakA saMskAra kareMge hii| isameM mujhe parizrama na karanA par3egA, gurukRpAse merI racanA saMskArakI huI hI hogii| * bhagavajinasenake anuyAyI to purANa ( purAne ) mAgake Azrayase saMsAra-samudrase pAra honA cAhate haiM, phira mere lie purANa-sAgarake pAra pahu~canA kyA kaThina hai ?" 1- ativistarabhIrutvAdavaziSTaM saMgrahItamamaladhiyA / guNabhadrasUriNedaM prahINakAlAnurodhena // 19 // 2- ikSorivAsya pUrvArddhamevAbhAvi rasAvaham / yathAtathAstu niSpattiriti prArabhyate mayA // 14 / / 3-gurUNAmevamAhAtmyaM yadapi svAdu madvacaH / tarUNAM hi svabhAvo'sau yatphalaM svAdu jAyate // 17 // 4- -niryAnti hRdayAvAco hRdi me guruvaH sthitAH / te tatra saMskAriSyante tanna me'tra parizramaH // 18 // 5-purANaM mArgamAsAdya jinasenAnugA dhruvam / bhavAbdheH pAramicchanti purANasya kimucyate // 19 //

Page #539
tIna mahAn granthakartA 511 uttarapurANa yadyapi saMkSipta hai, usameM kathA bhAgakI adhikatA hai| phira bhI usameM kavitvakI kamI nahIM hai aura vaha saba tarahase jinasenake ziSyake anurUpa hai| 2 AtmAnuzAsana-yaha 272 padyoMkA choTA-sA grantha apane nAmake anurUpa AtmApara zAsana prApta karane ke lie bahuta hI uttama sAdhana hai / isakI racanAzailI bhartRharike vairAgya-zatakake DhaMgakI aura bahuta hI prabhAvazAlinI hai| isakA pracAra bhI khUba hai| __3 jinadattacaritra-yaha grantha abhItaka hameM dekhaneko nahIM milA / isakA hindI anuvAda paM0 zrIlAlajI kAvyatIrthane jainasiddhAntaprakAzinI saMsthAdvArA prakAzita kiyA hai parantu na to ukta anuvAdameM zlokoke nambara diye gaye haiM aura na koI prazasti Adi hI dI hai jisase mUlagranthake sambandhameM kucha vicAra kiyA jA sake / anuvAda bhI bhAvArtharUpa hai / yaha navasargAtmaka khaNDakAvya hai aura sArAkA sArA anuSTup zlokoMmeM hai / bhAvArthase jahA~ taka anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, racanA prauDha aura sundara hai| guru-ziSyakA lambA jIvana vIrasena-jinasenane itanI lambI umra pAI thI ki unheM zatajIvI kahA jA sakatA hai| dvitIya jinasenane apanA harivaMzapurANa za0 saM0 705 meM samApta kiyA thA aura usakI utthAnikAmeM unhoMne vIrasenako kavicakravartI aura unake ziSya jinasenako pArvAbhyudayakI kIrtizAlinI racanAkA karttA kahA~ hai / harivaMzake bAraha hajAra zlokoMke banAnemeM yadi pA~ca hI varSa lage hoM aura yadi usakI utthAnikA grantha prArambha karate samaya hI likhI gaI ho, to mAnanA hogA ki za0 saM0 700 se pahale hI pArvAbhyudayakI racanA ho cukI thI aura yadi usa samaya kavikI avasthA 25 varSakI hI mAna lI jAya, to vIrasenake ziSya jinasenakA janma zaM0 saM0 675 ke lagabhaga huA hogA aura yadi ziSyase gurukI umra pandraha varSa 1 dekho vidvadratnamAlA pR0 74-77 2 dekho Upara pR0509 meM uddhata 'yAmitA' Adi zloka /

Page #540
512 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa hI adhika mAna lI jAya to vIrasena svAmIkA janma-kAla za0 saM0 660 ke lagabhaga samajhanA cAhie / unhoMne apanI' dhavalA TIkA za0 saM0 738 meM samApta kI hai| yadi usake bAda tatkAla hI jayadhavalA TIkA prArambha kara dI ho, jo ki durbhAgyase pUrI na ho sakI, to usake 20 hajAra zlokoMkI racanAmeM nidAna sAta ATha varSa jarUra laga gaye hoMge aura isa hisAbase unakA svargavAsa za0 saM0 745 ke lagabhaga 85 varSakI umrameM huA hogaa| ___ aba jinasena svAmIko lIjie / Upara unakA janma za0 675 ke lagabhaga anumAna kiyA gayA hai aura jayadhavalA TIkA unhoMne za0 saM0 759 meM samApta kI hai / arthAt usa samaya unakI umra 84 varSakI hogii| jayadhavalAke bAda hI unhoMne apanA AdipurANa zurU kiyA hogA jise ki ve pUrA na kara sake / usake lagabhaga dasa hajAra zlokoMkI racanAmeM unakI vRddhAvasthAko dekhate hue 5-6 varSase kama na lage hoMge aura isa taraha za0 saM0 765 ke lagabhaga 90 varSakI umrameM unakA svargavAsa huA hogA / isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki ye donoM mahAn granthakartA khUba dIrghajIvI hue / bhadanta guNabhadrakI umra yadi guruke svargavAsake samaya 25 varSakI mAna 1 aThatIsamhi satasae vikkamarAyaMkie su-sagaNAme / vAse suterasIe bhANuvilagge dhavalapakkhe // 6 // Adi 2-ekAnnaSaSTisamadhikasaptazatAbdeSu zakanarendrasya / samatIteSu samAptA jayadhavalA prAbhRtavyAkhyA // 3-AdipurANakI utthAnikAmeM jinasenane apane guruko siddhAnta-granthoMke upanibandhoMkA yA TIkAoMkA kartA likhA hai-" siddhAntopanibandhAnAM vidhAturmadgurozciram / manmanaH sarasi stheyAnmRdupAdakuzezayam // 57 " isase dhavalA aura jayadhavalA donoM TIkAoMkA matalaba nikalatA hai / arthAt AdipurANake prAraMbha karate samaya jayadhavalA ( 20 hajAra zloka ) bana cukI thI aura gurukI mRtyu ho cukI thii| isI lie unake caraNa-kamaloMko apane manameM sthira rakhanekI bhI icchA prakaTa kI gaI hai / bahuvacanAnta * upanibandhAnAM ' pada honese eka aura siddhAnta graMthakI TIkAkI bhI isase dhvani nikalatI hai / zAyada vaha * siddhabhUpaddhatiTIkA ' hI ho|

Page #541
tIna mahAn granthakartA 513 lI jAya to ve za0 saM0 740 ke lagabhaga janme hoMge parantu unhoMne uttara-purANakI samApti kaba kI aura ve kaba taka jIte rahe isakA patA nahIM lgtaa| uttarapurANa kara samApta huA ? uttarapurANakI prazastike anusAra hamane apane pahale lekhameM usakI samAptikA samaya za0 saM0 820 mAnA thA aura anya vidvAn bhI yahI mAnate A rahe haiM; parantu isa lekhake likhate samaya yaha bAta burI taraha khaTakI ki itane mahAn AcAryakA grantha jisake ekase eka bar3hakara gurubhAI aura ziSya maujUda the, lagabhaga 50 varSa taka adhUrA kaisa par3A rahA hogA / taba prazastikA bArIkIse adhyayana karanA par3A aura usase mAlUma huA ki upalabdha prazastike do hisse haiM / pahalA hissA ekase lekara sattAIsaveM padya takeM hai aura dUsarA aTThAIsavese byAlIsaveM padya taka / pahale ke kartA haiM guNabhadrasvAmI aura dUsare hisseke karttA unake ziSya lokasena muni / prati-lekhakoMkI kRpAse donoM hisse milajulakara eka ho gaye haiN| guNabhadrasvAmIne apanI prazastike prAraMbhake 19 padyoMmeM apane saMghakI aura guruoMkI mahimAkA paricaya diyA hai aura phira bIsaveM padyameM likhA hai ki ativistArake bhayase aura atizaya hInakAlake anurodhase avaziSTa mahApurANako maiMne saMkSepameM saMgraha kiyaa| phira pA~ca chaha zlokoMmeM granthakA mahAtmya varNana karake antake 27 veM padyameM kahA hai ki bhavyajanoMko ise sunanA cAhie, vyAkhyAna karanA cAhie, cintavana karanA cAhie, pUjanA cAhie aura bhaktajanoMko isakI 1 zakanRpakAlAbhyantaraviMzatyadhikASTazatamitAbdAnte / maGgalamahArthakAriNi piGgalanAmani samastajanasukhade // 35 // zrIpaJcamyAM budhA yuji divasakare mantrivAre budhAMze pUrvAyAM siMhalagne dhanuSi dharaNije vRzcikAoM tulAyAm / sarpa zukre kulIre gavi ca suragurau niSThitaM bhavyavayaH prAptejyaM sarvasAraM jagati vijayate puNyametatpurANam // 36 / / 2 ye padyasaMkhyAyeM paM0 lAlArAmajIzAstrIdvArA prakAzita uttarapurANakI prazastike anusAra dI gaI haiN|

Page #542
jainasAhitya aura itihAsa protalipiyA~ likhanA likhAnA cAhie / basa, yahIM guNabhadrasvAmIkA vaktavya samApta ho jAtA hai aura vAstava meM isake bAda kucha kahane ke lie raha bhI nahIM jAtA / 514 isake bAda 28 veM padyase lokasenakI likhI huI prazasti zurU hotI hai jisameM kahA hai ki una guNabhadrasvAmI ke ziSyoM meM mukhya lokasena huA jisane isa purANa meM nirantara guru-vinayarUpa sahAyatA dekara sajjanadvArA bahuta mAnyatA prApta kI thI / phira 29-30-31 nambara ke padyoMmeM rASTrakUTa akAlavarSakI vIratAkI prazaMsA kI hai jo usa samaya akhila pRthvIkA pAlana karatA thA / phira 32 se 36 takake padyoMmeM kahA hai ki jaba akAlavarSa ke sAmanta lokAditya aMkApura rAjadhAnIse sAre vanavAsa dezakA zAsana karate the, taba za0 saM0 820 ke amuka muhUrtameM isa pavitra aura sarvasArarUpa purANakI zreSTha bhavyajanoM dvArA pUjA kI gaI / phira 37 veM padya meM yaha kahakara lokasenane apanA vaktavya samApta kiyA hai ki yaha mahApurANa cirakAlataka sajjanoMkI vANI aura cittameM sthira rahe / isa taraha ye guNabhadra aura lokasenakI likhI huI do judI judI prazastiyA~ haiM, jo milakara eka ho gaI haiM / pahalI prazasti to svayaM granthakartAkI hI hai aura vaha granthasamAptike samaya kI likhI huI hai; parantu dUsarI prazasti unake ziSya lokasenakI hai jise unhoMne usa samaya likhA hai jaba ki unake guruke isa mahAn granthakA vidhipUrvaka pUjAmahotsava kiyA gayA thA / yaha pUjAmahotsava hI za0 saM0 820 kI ukta tithi aura muhUrta meM kiyA gayA thA, grantha- samAptakI tithi vaha nahIM hai / grantha-samAptikI tithi guNabhadrasvAmIne likhI hI nahIM / isase aba hama isa nirNayapara pahu~cate haiM ki guNabhadrasvAmIne apane guruke adhUre granthako unake svargavAsa honeke anatikAla bAda hI likhanA zurU kara diyA hogA, aura ve usake lagabhaga sAr3he nau hajAra zloka pA~ca sAta varSoMme likha sake hoMge / bahuta saMbhava hai ki mahApurANakA ukta pUjAmahotsava lokasenane apane guru guNabhadrasvAmI ke svargavAsa honepara hI kiyA ho| kyoMki lokasenakI prazastise aisA nahIM mAlUma hotA ki unake guru usa samaya jIvita the / 1 dekhA pR0 499 ke pAda-TippaNakA 28 vA~ padya / 2 isake Age pA~ca padya aura haiM jo saba pratiyoM meM nahIM milte| udAharaNArthaM TI0 esa0 kuppU svAmI zAstrIke jIvaMdhara caritrameM jo uttarapurANakI prazasti uddhRta hai, usameM ye 38 se 42 takake padya nahIM haiM / ina padyoMmeM mahApurANakI mahimA varNana kI gaI hai / saMbhava hai, ye padya kisI anya ke likhe hue hAM aura pIchese zAmila ho gaye hoM /

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tIna mahAn granthakartA sthAna-vicAra mauTe taurapara yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye tInoM AcArya karnATaka prAntake the, ataeva inakA bhramaNa-kSetra adhikatara isI prAntameM rahA hogA / inake granthoMmeM baMkApura, vATa-grAma aura citrakuTa ina tIna hI sthAnoMkA ullekha milatA hai'| inameMse baMkApura to usa samaya vanavAsa prAntakI rAjadhAnI thA aura isa samaya karnATakake dhAravAr3a jile meM hai| ise rASTrakUTa akAlavarSa (kRSNa dvitIya ) ke sAmanta lokAdityake pitA baMkeyarasane apane nAmase rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| vATa grAma kahA~para thA aura aba vaha kisa nAmasa prasiddha hai, isakA patA nahIM lagatA / parantu vaha gurjarAryAnupAlita thA, arthAt amoghavarSake rAjyameM thA aura amoghavarSakA rAjya mAlavese lekara dakSiNameM kAMcIpura taka phailA huA thaa| ataeva itane lambe caur3e dezameM vaha kisa jagaha hogA, isakA nirNaya karanA kaThina hai| amoghavarSake rAjya-kAlakI za0 saM0 788 kI eka prazastise mAlUma hotA hai ki govindarAja ( tRtIya ) ne jinake uttarAdhikArI amoghavarSa the kerala, mAlavA, gurjara aura citrakUTako jItA thA aura ina saba dezoMke rAjA amoghavarSakI sevAmeM rahate the / inameMkA citrakUTa hI zAyada vaha citrakUTa hai jahA~ elAcArya rahate the aura jinake pAsa jAkara vIrasena svAmIne siddhAntoMkA adhyayana kiyA thaa| maisUra rAjyake uttarameM cittaladurga jilekA sadara mukAma hai / yaha pahale horasAla rAjavaMzakI rAjadhAnI rahA hai / yahA~ bahuta-sI purAnI guphAyeM hai aura pA~ca sau varSa purAne mandira haiM / muni zIlavijayane isakA citragar3ha nAmase ullekha kiyA hai / gar3ha aura kUTa lagabhaga eka hI arthako batalAnevAle zabda haiN| saMbhava hai, elAcAryakA 1-Agatya citrakUTAttataH sa bhagavAnguroranujJAnAt / vATagrAme cAtrAnatendrakRtajinagRhe sthitvA // 179 Adi / - zrutA0 iti zrIvIrasenIyA TIkA sUtrArthadarzinI / vATagrAma pure zrImadgurjarAryAnupAlite ||...6-jydhvlaa 2 zrImati lokAditye pradhvastaprathitazatrusaMtamase-..... vanavAsadezamAkhilaM bhujati niSkaNTakaM sukhaM suciram / tatpitRnijanAmakRte khyAte baMkApure pureSvadhike // 31 ||-u0 pu0 3 epigrAphiA iMDikA bhAga 6, pR0 102

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa citrakUTa yahI ho / zIlavijayajIne apanI tIrthayAtrAmeM citragar3ha, vanausI ( vanavAsa ) aura baMkApurakA lagAtAra eka sAtha varNana kiyA hai aura isase ina sthAnoMke bIca bahuta jyAdA antara nahIM mAlUma hotaa| baMkApura vahI hai jahA~para uttarapurANakA pUjA-mahotsava huA thA aura vanausI vahI hai jahA~para baMkApurase pahale rAjadhAnI thii| isa taraha yadi citrakUTa cittaladurga hI hai, tA vATagrAma vanavAsI aura cittaladurgake bIca kahIM pAsa hI hogaa| __ Adhunika cittaur3a kA ( mevAr3akA ) bhI prAcIna nAma citrakUTa kA hI apabhraMza rUpa cittaur3a hai| parantu yaha sthAna karnATakase itanI adhika dUra hai ki usake elAcAryakA citrakUTa hone kI saMbhAvanA bahuta hI kama hai| vIrasena aura jinasenaka rahanekA pradhAna sthAna kauna-sA thA, isakA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM milA hai, parantu zAyada vaha vanausI yA vanavAsI hogA jo pahale vanavAsa dezakI rAjadhAnI thA aura pIche jahA~se rAjadhAnI haTAkara baMkApurameM A gaI thI jahA~ ki lokasanane uttarapurANakI pUjA kI thI / amoghavarSakI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTameM unake rahanekA koI ullekha nahIM milA / hA~, mAnyakheTa rAjadhAnIko ekAdhika vAra apane caraNoMse unhoMne pavitra avazya kiyA hogaa| kyoMki amoghavarSa jinasenake bhakta the| samakAlIna-rAjA ina tIna mahAn grantha-kartAoMke samayameM rASTrakuTa vaMzake tIna mahAn rAjAoMkA rAjya rahA,---jagattuMgadava, amoghavarSa aura akAlavarpa / jagattuMgadeva-vIrasena svAmIne za0 saM0 738 meM jaba dhavalA TIkA samApta kI, taba jagattuMgadeva ( govinda tRtIya ) ne siMhAsana chor3a diyA thA aura bodaNarAya yA amoghavarSa rAjya kara rahe the| jagattuMgakA ullekha karanekA kAraNa yaha jAna par3atA hai ki dhavalAkA prAraMbha unhIMke samayameM huA thaa| 1 dekho, ' dakSiNake tIrthakSetra ' zIrSaka lekha pR0 236 1 aThatIsamhi satasae vikamarAyaMkie su-sagaNAme / vAse muterasIe bhANuvilagge dhavalapakkhe // 6 // jagatuMgadevarajje riyamhi kuMbhamhi rAhuNA koNe / sUre tulAe saMte gurumhi kulavilae hote // 7 //

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tIna mahAn granthakartA 517 jagattuMgadevake za0 saM0 716 se 735 takake anaka zilAlekha mile haiN| ye dhruvarAjake putra aura uttarAdhikArI the| ye bar3e pratApI the / uttarameM mAlavAse lekara dakSiNameM kAMcItakake rAjA inakI AjJAkA pAlana karate the aura narmadA aura tuMgabhadrAke bIca ke sAre dezapara inakA adhikAra thA / inhoMne apane jIte jI hI apane putra amoghavarSako rAjya da diyA thaa| ye za0 saM0 715 ke lagabhaga siMhAsanapara baiThe hoMge aura 737 ke lagabhaga inhoMne gadI chor3a dI hogii| __ amoghavarSa (prathama)-- ye jagattuMgadeva yA govinda (tRtIya)ke putra the / inakA gharU nAma boddaNarAya thA / napatuMga, zarva, zaNDa, atizaya dhavala, vIranArAyaNa, pRthivIvallabha, lakSmIvallabha, mahArAjAdhirAja, maTAra, paramabhaTTAraka Adi inakI upAdhiyA~ thiiN| ye bhI bar3e parAkramI the| inhoMne aneka yuddhoM meM vijaya prApta karake aneka rAjAoMko bhasma kara diyA thaa| baiMgIke cAlukya narezako mArakara yamarAjako santuSTa kiyA thaa| navasArIke dAnapatrameM likhA hai ki amoghavarSa cAlukya samudrameM DUbI huI rASTrakUToMkI lakSmIkA pRthvIke samAna uddhAra karake vIranArAyaNa kahalAye / inhoMne bahuta bar3I umra pAI aura lagabhaga 63 varSa taka rAjya kiyA / cAvamhi taraNivutte siMdhe sukammi mINe caMdammi / kattiyamAse esA TIkA hu samANiA dhavalA // 8 // boddaNarAyaNariMde nariMdacUDAmaNimhi muMjate / siddhatagaMthamasthiya guruppasAeNa vigattA sA / / 9 / / -dhavalA 1 inakA za0 saM0 735 kA eka dAnapatra kadaMba ( maisUra ) meM milA hai, jisameM vijayakItike ziSya arkakItiko jainamandirake lie dAna denekA ullekha hai| i0 e0 ji0 12 pR0 13 / 2 yaha nAma sabase pahale dhavalAmeM hI milA hai| itihAsazAMkI abhItaka isakA patA nahIM hai| _3 cAlukyAbhyUpakhAdyairjanitaratiyamaH prINito viMgavallyAm / i0 e0 ji0 12 pR0 249-52 4 nimagnAM yazculukyAbdhau raTTarAjyazriyaM punaH / pRthvImivoddharan dhIro vIranArAyaNo'bhavat / /

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518 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa za0 saM0 735 meM jaba dhavalAkI samApti huI taba ye hI rAjA the aura za0 sa0 770 ke lagabhaga jaba jinasenane AdipurANako adhUrA chor3akara svargavAsa kiyA taba bhI inhIMkA rAjya thaa| za0 saM0 782 ke tAmrapatrase mAlUma hotA hai ki inhoMne svayaM mAnyakheTameM jainAcArya devendrako dAna diyA thA / yaha dAnapatra inake rAjyake 52 veM varSakA hai / isake bAda za0 saMvat 799 kA eka lekha kanherIkI eka guphAmeM milA hai jisameM inakA aura inake sAmanta kapardI dvitIyakA ullekha hai / parantu aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki isase kucha pahale hI amoghavarSane apane putra akAlavarSa yA kRSNa dvitIyako rAjyakArya sauMpa diyA thA / kyoMki za0 saM0 797 kA eka lekha kRSNa dvitIyake mahA sAmanta pRthvIrAyakA milA hai jisameM usake dvArA saundattike eka jainamandirake lie kucha bhUmi dAna kiye jAnekA ulekha hai / apane pitAke samAna amoghavarSane bhI pichalI umrameM rAjya tyAga diyA thaa| isakA ullekha unhoMne apanI praznottararatnamAlA nAmakI pustakameM bhI kiyA hai / likhA hai ki jisane vivekapUrvaka rAjya chor3a diyA usa rAjA amoghavarSane isakI racanA kI / indrapurIkI upamAko dhAraNa karanevAlI mAnyakheTa nagarIko isIne AbAda kiyA thA aura vahA~ apanI rAjadhAnI kAyama kI thii| isake pahale rASTrakuToMkI rAjadhAnI mayUrakhaMDI ( nAsikake pAsa ) meM thii| yaha rAjA svayaM vidvAn , kavi aura vidvAnoMkA AzrayadAtA thA / praznottararatnamAlAke atirikta 'kavirAjamArga' nAmaka alaMkArakA grantha bhI isIkA banAyA huA batalAyA jAtA hai jo ki kanar3I bhASAmeM hai| zAkaTAyanane apane zabdAnuzAsanakI TIkA amoghavRtti amoghavarSake hI nAmase hI banAI, dhavalA aura jayadhavalA TIkAyeM bhI usIke atizaya dhavala yA dhavala nAmake upalakSyameM banI aura mahAvIrAcAryane apane gaNitasArasaMgrahameM usIkI mahAmahimAkA 1 e. I0 ji0 pR0 29 / 2 i0 e0 ji0 13, pR0 135 3 jarnala bAmbe brAMca rA0 e0 so0 ji0 10, pR0 194 4 vivekAttyaktarAjyena rAjJeya ratnamAlikA / racitAmoghavarSeNa sudhiyAM sadalaMkRtiH / / 5 yo mAnyakheTamamarendrapuropahAsi, gIrvANagarvamiva kharvayituM vidhatta / / --e0 iM0 ji0 5, pR0 192-96

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tIna mahAn granthakartA 519 vistAra kiyA / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha rAjA vidvAnoMkA vizeSa karake jainAcAryoMkA bar3A bhArI AzrayadAtA thA / jainamuniyoM ke lie bhI usane kaI dAna kiye the| __ akAlavarSa-yaha amoghavarSakA putra thA aura kRSNarAja (dvitIya) ke nAmase prasiddha hai / yaha bhI bar3A pratApI thaa| isane gurjara (pratihAra ) aura gaur3a rAjAoMse yuddha kiyA aura (gujarAta) ke rASTrakUTa rAjya ( zAkhA ) ko chInakara apane rAjyameM milA liyaa| isake pAsa hAthiyoMkI bar3I bhArI senA thii| uttarapurANakI prazastike anusAra isake hAthiyoMne apane mada-jalase gaMgAkA pAnI bhI kaDuvA kara DAlA tho / arthAt isakA rAjya uttarameM gaMgAtaTa taka pahu~ca gayA thA / uttarapurANakI dUsarI prazasti jisa samaya arthAt za0 saM0 820 meM likhI gaI usa samaya yahI samrAT thaa| yaha za0 saM0 797 ke lagabhaga siMhAsanapara baiThA aura 833 ke lagabhaga isakA dehAnta huaa| lokAditya-yaha akAlavarSa yA kRSNa ( tRtIya ) kA sAmanta aura vanavAsa dezakA rAjA thaa| isake pitAkA nAma baMkeyarasa yA baMkarAja thA / yaha celladhvaja thA / arthAt isakI dhvajApara cila yA cIlakA cihna thaa| isake pitA aura bhAI bhI celadhvaja the / guNabhadra ne ise jainadharmakI vRddhi karanevAlA aura mahAn yazasvI kahA hai / isIke rAjyakAlameM baMkApurameM hI mahApurANakI pUjA kI gaI thii| kyA amoghavarSa jaina the ? yaha eka vivAdagrasta viSaya hai ki mahArAjA amoghavarSa jaina the yA nahIM, arthAt unhoMne vAstavameM jainadharma dhAraNa kara liyA thA yA jainadharmake prati unakI kevala sahAnubhUti-bhara thI ? guNabhadrane likhA hai ki jinake caraNoMmeM rAjA 1 yasyottuMgamataMgajA nijamadasrotAsvinIsaMgamAd / gAGgaM vAri kalaMkita kaTu muhuH pItvApyagacchattuSaH // ...29 - uttara pu. 2 akAlavarSabhUpAle pAlayatyakhilAmilAm / ityAdi -u0 pu0 3 dekho pR0 kI TippaNIkA uddharaNa / 4 cellapatAke celladhvajAnuje cellaketanatanUje / jainendradharmavRddhividhAyini svvidhuviidhrpRthuyshsi...|| 33

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520 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa amoghavarSane apanA mastaka jhukAyA aura kahA ki Aja maiM pavitra ho gayA ve pUjya jinasena saMsArake lie kalyANakAraka ho / parantu kevala itanese amoghavarSako jainI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoMki adhikAMza hindU rAjA aise hI hue haiM jo prAyaH sabhI dharmoM ke sAdhu-rAntoMkA satkAra kiyA karate the / guNabhadrane yaha to likhA nahIM ki ve jainadharmake anuyAyI bhI the / ataeva isake lie kucha aura pramANa caahie| 1- Upara hama amoghavarSakI praznottararatnamAlAkA jikra kara Aye haiM / eka to usake maMgalAcaraNameM varddhamAna tIrthakarako namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura dUsare usameM aneka bAteM jainadharmAnumodita hI kahI gaI haiN| isasa kamase kama usa samaya jaba ki ratnamAlA racI gaI thI, amoghavarSa jainadharmake anuyAyI ho jAna par3ate haiM / praznottararatnamAlAkA tibbatI bhASAmeM eka anuvAda huA thA jo milatA hai aura usake anusAra vaha amoghavarSakI hI banAI huI hai| aisI dazAmeM use zaMkarIcAryakI, zukayatIndra kI yA viH lasUrikI racanA batalAnA jabardastI hai| 1 yasya prAMzunakhAMzujAlavisaraddhArAntarAvirbhavat pAdAmbhojarajaH pizaGgamukuTapratyagraratnadyutiH / saMsmartA svamamoghavarSanRpatiH pRto'hamadyatyalaM sa zrImAn jinasenapRjyabhagavatpAdo jaganmaGgalam / / 8 2 praNipatya varddhamAnaM praznAtararatnamAlikAM vazthe / nAganarAmaravandyaM devaM devAdhipaM vIram / / 3 tvaritaM kiM kartavyaM vidupA saMsArasantaticchedaH / kiM mokSataroji samyagjJAnaM kriyAsahitam / / 4 / / ko narakaH paravazatA kiM saukhyaM sarvasaGgaviratiryA / kiM satyaM bhUtahitaM kiM preyaH prANinAmasavaH // 13 // 4 zaMkarAcArya aura zukayatIndro nAmakI jo pratiyA~ milI haiM unameM chaha sAta zloka naya milA diye gaye haiM parantu ve vasantatilakA chandameM haiM jo vilkula alaga mAlUma hote haiM aura unake antya-padyoM meM na zukayatIndrakA nAma hai aura na zaMkarakA / 5 zvetAmbara sAhityameM aise kisI vimalasUrikA ullekha nahIM milatA jisane praznottararatnamAlA banAI ho / vimalamUrine apane nAmakA ullekha karanevAlA jo antima padya jor3A hai vaha AchindameM hai, parantu aise laghu prakaraNa-granthoMmeM antima chanda Ama taurase bhinna hotA hai jaisA ki vAstavika pra0 ra0 mAlAmeM hai aura vahI ThIka mAlUma hotA hai|

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tIna mahAn granthakartA 2 amoghavarSake hI samayameM mahAvIrAcAryane gaNitasArasaMgraha nAmaka mahattvapUrNa granthakI racanA kI thii| usakI utthAnikAmeM unhoMne amoghavarpake viSayameM kahA hai ki apane iSTa janoM / prajA ) ke hitaiSI jisa amodhavarSa ( jisakI vA vyartha nahIM jAtI) ne prANirUpa dhAnyako prasanna kiyA-sIMcA aura iti bhItirahita kiyA; jisakI cittavRttirUpI agnimeM pAparUpa parAkrama bhasma ho gayA aura taba jA vandhyakopa ho gayA; jo sAra jagatako vazameM karake svayaM dUsaroMke vaza na huA aura na abhibhUta yA parAjita huA, ataeva jo apUrva makaradhvaja hai; jo apane parAkramase cakriyoMke cakra (samUha) ko AkrAnta karake kRtakArya huA aura jo vegapUrvaka usa cakrikAko arthAt zatrusamUhako naSTa karake catrikA-bhaMjana kahalAyA; jo vidyArUpa nadiyoMkA adhiSThAna, maryAdArUpa vajravedikAse yukta, ratnagarbha aura yathAkhyAta (sat) cAritrakA mahAn samudra hai, jisane ekAnta pakSako vidhvasta kara diyA hai aura jo syAdvAdanyAyavAdI hai, usa nRpatuMga deva ( amoghavarSa ) kA zAsana vRddhi ko prApta ho / 1 prINitaH prANisasyogho nirItiniravagrahaH / zrImatAmoghavarSaNa yena sveSTahitaiSiNA / / 3 / / pAparUpAH parA yasya cittavRttihavirbhuji / bhasmasAdbhAvamIyuste vandhyakopo bhavettataH / / 4 / / vazIkurvan jagatsarva svayaM nAnuvazaH paraiH / nAbhibhUtaH prabhustasmAdapUrvamakaradhvajaH / / 5 / / yo vikrmkrmaakraantckrckikRtkriyH| cakrikAbhaMjano nAmnA cakrikAbhaMjano'JjasA / / 6 // yo vidyAnadyadhiSThAno maryAdAvajravedikaH / ratnagarbho yathAkhyAtacAritrajaladhirmahAn / / 7 / / vidhvastaekAntapakSasya syAdvAdanyAyavAdinaH / devasva nRpatuMgasya varddhatAM tasya zAsanam // 8 // 2 yaha vahI ghaTanA hai jisakA ullekha za0 saM0 832 ke zilAlekhameM / bhUpAlAn kaNTakAbhAn veSTayitvA dadAha ' zabdoMmeM aura amoghavRttikI * adahadamoghavarSo'rAtIn ' vRttimeM kiyA gayA hai / eka sAtha bigar3a khar3e hue rAjAoMke samUhako hI yahA~ 'cakra' kahA gayA hai jinheM amoghavarSane naSTa kiyA thaa| isake lie dekho ' zAkaTAyana aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana ' zIrSaka lekhakA pR0 160

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522 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa isase bilkula spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki amovavarSa ekAntavAda chor3akara syAdvAdI yA jaina ho gaye the aura unhoMne samyakcAritra dhAraNa kara liyA thA / ___ yaha utthAnikA jisa samaya likhI gaI hai usa samaya aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki unhoMne rAjya to nahIM chor3A thA, parantu unakI vRtti yuddhakI orase haTa gaI thI aura unakA kopa bandhya ( niSphala) ho gayA thA, arthAt isake bAda hI unhoMne vivekapUrvaka rAjya chor3a diyA hogA aura tabhI praznottararatnamAlA likhI hogii| 3 isameM to sandeha hI nahIM ki amoghavarSakI jainadharmake prati bahuta sahAnubhUti thI, tabhI na zAkaTAyanane apane vyAkaraNakI TIkAkA nAma amoghavRtti rakkhA, aura unhIMke nAmase vIramena-jinasenane apanI TakiAoMke nAma dhavalA jayadhavalA rakkhe aura jinasena svAmIne unakI itanI prazaMsA kI jitanI zAyada hI jaina sAdhune kisI rAjAkI kI hogii| unakI kIrtike sAmane gupta narezakI kIrtiko gupta aura zakakI kIrtiko mazaka (macchara) tulya batalAyAM / bharata sagarAdi prAcIna kAlake rAjAoMse bhI unakA yaza vistRta aura sAre rAjAoMse bar3ha car3hakara varNana kiyoM / esI dazAmeM yadi unakI vaha sahAnubhUti hI Age calakara pUrNa zraddhA pariNata ho gaI ho, to koI AzcaryakI bAta nahIM hai / ___ isake viruddha yaha kahA jAtA hai ki amoghavarSake jo dAna-patra mile haiM, unameM zivakI stuti kI gaI hai, unameM ziva, zivaliMga Adike cihna haiM, aura use mahAviSNurAjyabola ( mahAviSNu rAjyake samAna) kahA hai / ataeva vaha jaina ho gayA thA, yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki rAjyoMke kArya prAyaH mazIna ke mAphika calA karate haiM aura ve kArya kula-paramparAke anusAra jaise calate Aye haiM vaise hI calate rahate haiM / rASTrakUToMke dAna-patra jaise pahalese likhe jAte the, usI paddhatipara amoghavarSake dAnapatra bhI likhe gaye aura unameM vaMza 1 gurjaranarendrakIrterantaH patitA zazAGkazubhrAyAH / guptaiva guptanRpateH zakasya mazakAyate kIrtiH // 12 2 bharatasAgarAdinarapatiyazAMsi tArAnibhena saMhRtya / gurjarayazaso mahataH kRto'vakAzo jagatsRjA nUnaM / / 14 ityAdi sakalanRpatInAtizayya payaHpayodhiphenAcchA / gurjaranarendrakIrtiH sthayAdAcandratAramiha bhuvane // 15

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tIna mahAn granthakartA 523 paramparAke cihna aMkita kiye gaye aura jo brAhmaNa paMDita likhaneke adhikArI the unhoMne paramparAkI paddhatise unheM likha diyA / svayaM amoghavarSake jaina ho jAnese unakA sArA rAjyataMtra thor3e hI jainadharmAnuyAyI ho gayA hogaa| kaliMga-nareza khAravela svayaM jainadharmAnuyAyI thA, phira bhI usakA rAjyAbhiSeka vaidika vidhise huA thaa| isI taraha samrATa harSake bauddha honepara bhI dAna-zAsanoMmeM use parama mAhezvara aura kumArapAlake jaina honepara bhI use parama mAhezvara likhA jAtA rahA hai| eka dalIla yaha dI jAtI hai ki yadi amoghavarSane jainadharma dhAraNa kara liyA thA, to isakA ullekha jinasenane svayaM apane granthoM meM kyoM nahIM kiyA aura use apanA ziSya kyoM na batalAyA ? isake uttarameM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki usa samaya taka unhoMne jainadharma dhAraNa na kiyA hogA, jainadharmake prati unakI kevala sahAnubhUti hI hogI, rahI ziSya batalAnekI bAta, so amoghavarSa jinasenake ziSya the, aisA to koI kahatA bhI nahIM / hamArA khayAla yahI hai ki pichalI umrameM ve jainadharmake anuyAyI ho gaye the / avazya hI isameM jinasenapara unako jo zraddhA ho gaI thI, usIne unheM isa ora AkarSita kiyA hogaa| __ amoghavarSake jaina na honekI eka dalIla yaha bhI dI jAtI hai ki unhoMne 'kavirAjamArga' nAmaka alaMkAra granthakI avatArikAmeM viSNukI stuti kI hai| yadyapi vidvAnoMmeM isa viSayapara matabheda hai ki yaha grantha svayaM amoghavarSakA hai yA unake kisI darabArI kavikA; parantu yadi vaha unakA hI ho, to bhI yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha jainadharma grahaNa karane ke pahalekI racanA hogii|

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muni ratnasiMhakA prANapriya kAvya yaha choTA-sA khaNDa kAvya bar3A hI sundara aura prasAdaguNayukta hai / AcArya mAnatuMgake suprasiddha bhaktAmarastotra ke cauthe caraNoM kI samasyApUrti rUpameM isakI racanA kI gaI hai / antakA 49 vA~ padya usake kartAkA paricaya isa prakAra detA haishriisiNhsNghsuvineyk-dhrmsiNh-paadaarbindmdhulingmnirtnsiNhH|| bhaktAmarastuticaturthapadaM gRhItvA, zrInemivarNanamidaM vidadhe kavitvam / / arthAt siMha saMghake anuyAyI dharmasiMhake caraNa-kamaloM meM bhramarake samAna anurakta muni ratnasiMhane yaha neminAtha bhagavAnakA varNana karanevAlA kAvya bnaayaa| siMha saMghakI koI paTTAvalI abhI taka upalabdha nahIM hai, jisase muni ratnasiMhake samayAdikA kucha patA lagAyA jA sake / ye kisa prAnta hue haiM, isake jAnanekA bhI koI sAdhana nahIM hai / inakI aura koI racanA bhI prApya nahIM hai / basavA (jayapura) ke sva. paMDita sundaralAlajIko yaha kAvya kaNThastha thA, eka bAra jaba ve bambaI Aye the, taba unhoMne mujhe likhA diyA thA aura tabhI maiMne isakA hindI anuvAda karake mUlake sahita prakAzita bhI kara diyA thaa| isameM bhaktAmarake 48 padyoM kI samasyApUrti kI gaI hai, isa lie yaha spaSTa hai ki isake kattI digambara sampradAyake haiM aura siMha saMgha bhI isI sampradAyakA hai| digambara sampradAyameM bhaktAmarastotrake 48 padya mAne jAte haiM aura zvetAmbara sampradAyameM 44 / isakA prAraMbhika padya 'prANapriyaM nRpa sutA' Adise zurU hotA hai, isa lie yaha 'prANapriya kAvya ' nAmase prasiddha hai| isa kAvyake bAnagIke taurapara sirpha do atizaya sarasa padya de diye jAte haiM tatkiM vadAmi rajanIsamaye sametya, candrAMzavo mama tanuM paritaH spRzAnta / dare dhave sati vibho paradArazaktAna , kastAnnivArayati saMcarato yatheSTam // 14 pUrva mayA saha vivAhakRte samAgAH, muktistriyAstvamadhunA ca samudyato'si / ceccaJcalaM tava mano'pi babhUva hA tat , kiM mandarAdizikharaM calitaM kadAcit 15 1 dakhA janahitaiSI bhAga 6, aMka 1 aura 2-3 ! 2 prANapriyaM nRpasutA kila raivatAdrizRMgAgrasaMsthitamavocaditi pragalbhyam / asmAdRzAmuditanIla viyogarUpe'vAlambanaM bhavajale patatAM janAnAm / /

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jayakIrttikA chando'nuzAsana anekAntakI pA~cavIM kiraNameM yogasAra aura amRtAzIti nAmakA eka noTa prakAzita huA hai, jisameM DaoN. piTasanakI pA~cavIM riporTa ke AdhArameM yogasArakI usa pratikA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo saMvat 1192 kI jyeSTha sudI 13 ko jayakIrtisUrike ziSya amalakIrtine likhavAI thI zrIjayakIrtisUrINAM, shissyennaamlkiirtinaa| lekhitaM yogasArAkhyaM vidyArthivAmakIrtinAt / / amalakIrttike guru inhIM jayakArtikA banAyA huA 'chandognuzAsana' nAmakA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha jaisalamerake suprasiddha zvetAmbara pustaka-bhaMDArameM hai, jisakA prArambhika aura antima aMza isa prakAra hai--- prAraMbha - zrI varddhamAnamAnamya chaMdasA pUrvamakSaram / lakSyalakSaNamAvIkSya vazye chando'nuzAsanam / / chandaHzAstraM vahinaM tadvivikSoH kAvyasAgaram / chandobhAgvAGmayaM sarva na kiMcicchandaso vinA // 2 // anta mANDavya-piMgala-janAzraya-setavAkhyazrIpUjyapAda-jayadeva-budhAdikAnAm / chandAsi vIkSya vividhAnapi satprayogAn chando'nuzAsanamidaM jayakIrtinoktam / / iti jayakIrtikRtau chando'nuzAsana-saMvat 1192 ASAr3ha zudi 10 zanau likhitamidamiti / ye donoM aMza bar3audAkI gAyakavAr3a-saMskRta-sIrIjameM prakAzita 'jaisalamerabhANDAgArIyagraMthAnAM sUcI 'meM prakaTa hue haiN| isa sUcIke sampAdaka mahAzayane

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526 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa jayakIrtike sambandhameM apane noTa ( pRSTha 61 ) meM likhA hai ki " varddhamAnako namaskAra karanese yaha kavi jaina mAlUma hotA hai| usane antameM batalAyA hai ki jayadeva Adi vidvAnoMke chandoMko dekhakara yaha grantha banAyA / saM0 1192 meM yogasArake likhanevAle amalakIrti isake ziSya jAna par3ate haiM / prAkRta zIlopadezamAlAkA praNetA jayakIrti isase bhinna hai, kyoMki vaha Apako jayasiMhasUrikA ziSya prakaTa karatA hai / " hamArI samajhameM jayakIrti digambara sampradAyake hI vidvAn haiM / kyoMki eka to ve pUjyapAdakA ullekha karate haiM, dUsare yogasAra grantha bhI digambara sampradAyakA hai jise unake ziSyane likhavAyA hai, tIsare jayakIrti, amalakIrti, vAmakIrti isa prakArakA kIrtyanta nAma-paramparA digambara sampradAyameM hI adhika dekhI jAtI hai / 16 varddhamAnanamaskAramaGgalakaraNenAyaM kavirjanaH pratibhAti / mANDavya-piMgala-janAzrayasetava-pUjyapAda-jayadevabudhAdInAM chandAMsi vIkSyaMtacchaMdo'nuzAsanaM vihitamiti prAnte darzi. tam |sN0 1192 varSe yogasAralekhitA'malakItirasya ziSyo zAyate / prAkRtazIlopadezamAlAyAH praNetA jayakIttiH svaM jayasiMhasUriziSyatvena paricAyatisma, sa tvasmAdbhinnI vijJAyate / " __2 paM0 jugala kizorajI mukhtArane batalAyA hai ki cittaur3agaDameM eka zilAlekha (e. iM0 jilda 2 ) milA hai jo jayakIrtike ziSya rAmakIrtikA hai / usameM rAmakIrtine apaneko digambarAcArya likhA hai " zrIjayakIrtiziSyeNa digambaragaNezinA / prazAstirIdRzIcakre...zrIrAmakIrtinA // saMvat 1207 sUtradhA......" isake 1207 saMvatko dekhate hue chandonuzAsanake kartA jayakIti hI rAmakIrtike guru jAna par3ate haiM / amalakIrti rAmakIrtike hI gurubhAI hoNge|

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jJAnabhUSaNa aura zubhacandra zrI jinacandrasUrike siddhAntasArake bhAMdhyameM yadyapi bhASyakArane apanA koI spaSTa paricaya nahIM diyA hai aura na usameM koI prazasti hI hai; parantu maMgalAcaraNake nIce likhe zlokase mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha bha0 jJAnabhUSaNakA banAyA huA hai zrIsarvazaM praNamyAdau lakSmIvIrendusevitam / bhASyaM siddhAntasArasya vakSye jJAnasubhUSaNam // isameM sarvajJako jo jJAnasubhUSaNa vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai, vaha nizcaya hI bhASyakartAkA nAma hai| aura bhI kaI granthakartAone maMgalAcaraNoM meM isI taraha apane nAma prakaTa kiye haiN| isake sivAya ' lakSmIvIrendusevitam ' padase yaha bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki lakSmIcandra aura vIracandra nAmake unake ( jJAnabhUSaNake ) koI ziSya yA praziSya the, jinake par3hane ke lie ukta bhASya banAyA gayA hai / jJAnabhUSaNa ke praziSya zubhacandrAcAryakI banAI huI svAmikArtikeyAnupekSA TIkAkI prazastike 10-15 veM zlokameM, jo ki Age TippaNI uddhRta kI gaI hai, ina lakSmIcandra aura vIracandrakA ullekha hai aura usa ullekhase hama nizcaya pUrvaka kaha sakate haiM ki bhASyake maMgalAcaraNakA ' lakSmIvIrendusevitam ' pada unhIMko lakSya karake likhA gayA hai| bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa mUlasaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha aura balAtkAragaNake AcArya the / unakI gurupamparAkA prAraMbha bha0 padmanandise hotA hai / padmanandise pahalekI paraMparAkA abhI taka ThIka ThIka patA nahIM lagA hai| 1 padmanandi-2 sakalakIrti-3 bhuvanakIrti aura 4 jJAnabhUSaNa, yaha jJAnabhUSaNakI guruparamparAkA krama hai / jJAnabhUSaNake bAda pA~caveM vijayakIrti aura phira unake ziSya chaThe zubhacandra hue haiM aura isa taraha zubhacandra jJAnabhUSaNake praziSya haiM / pratyeka bhaTTArakake anekAneka ziSya hote the; parantu uparyukta ziSya-kramameM kevala unhIMkA nAma diyA 1 mANikacandra-jaina-granthamAlAke 21 ve grantha * siddhAntasArAdisaMgraha ' meM yaha prakA. zita huA hai|

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528 janasAhitya aura itihAsa gayA hai, jo ekake bAda dUsareke kramase bhaTTAraka padake yA gaddIke adhikArI hote gaye haiM / ukta ziSyakrama svAbhikArtikeyAnuprakSA-TIkAkI prazastise spaSTa hotA hai|' __ Age zubhacandrAcAryakI ziSyaparamparAkA krama isa prakAra nizcita hotA hai - 7-sumatikIrti-8 guNakIrti-9 vAdibhUSaNa-10 rAmakIrti--11 yazaHkIrti aura 1 zrImUlasaMdhe'ani nandisaMghaH varA blaatkaargnnprsiddhH| zrIkunda kundo varasUrivaryA vibhAti bhAbhUpaNabhUSitAGgaH / / 2 / tadanvaye zrImunipadmanandI tato bhavacchrIsakalAdikIrtiH / tadanvaye zrIbhuvanAdikIrtiH zrIjJAnabhUpo varavRttibhUpaH / / 3 / / tadanvaye zrIvijayAdikIrtistitpaTTadhArI zubhacandradevaH / / tenayamAkAri vizuddhaTIkA zrImatsumatyAdisukIrtitazca / / 4 / / sUrizrIzubhacandreNa vAdiparvatavatriNA / trividhanAnuprekSAyA vRttiviracitA varA // 5 // zrImadvikramabhUpateH parimite varSa zate poDaze, mAghe mAsi dazAgrabahnisahite khyAte dazamyAM tithau / zrImacchImahisArasAranagare caityAlaye zrIguroH zrImacchrIzubhacandradevavihitA TIkA sadA naMdatu / / 6 / / varNizrIkSamacandreNa vinayenAkRta prArthanA / zubhacandraguro svAmin kuru TIkA manoharAm / / 7 // tena zrIzubhacandreNa vidyena gaNezinA / kArtikeyAnuprekSAyA vRttiviracitA varA // 8 // tathA sAdhusumatyAdikIrtinAkRtaprArthanA / sArthIkRtA samarthana zubhacandreNa sUriNA // 9 // bhaTTArakapadAdhIzA mUlasaMgha vidAM varAH / ramAvIrenducidrUpaguravo hi gaNezinaH // 10 // lakSmIcandragurusvAmI ziSyastasya sudhI yazAH / vRttivistAritA tena zrIzubhenduprasAdataH // 11 // iti zrIsvAmikArtikeyAnuprekSAyAM trividhavidyAdhara-SaDbhASAkavicakravartizrIzubhacandraviracitAyAM ttiikaayaaN......|| *

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zAnabhUSaNa aura zubhacandra 529 12 padmanandi Adi / inamese vAdibhUSaNa takakI parampagakA ullekha adhyAtmataraMgiNIkI usa pratike likhanevAlekI prazasti meM milatA hai jo svargIya dAnavIra saMTha mANikacandajIke sarasvatIbhaNDArameM maujUda hai aura vAdibhUSaNake bAdake bhaTTArakoMkA ulakha balAtkAragaNakI guvAvalImeM hai jo bha0 nemicandrakI banAI huI hai / zubhacandrakI paTTAvalIse bhI yahI krama nizcita hotA hai| zrIjJAnabhUSaNa sAgabAr3e (bAgar3a ) kI gahIke bhaTTAraka padapara AsIna the| nandisaMghakI paTTAvalIse mAlUma hotA hai ki "ve gujarAtake rahanevAle the / gujarAta meM unhoMne sAgAradharma dhAraNa kiyA, ahIra ( AbhIra ) dezameM gyAraha pratimAyeM dhAraNa kI aura vAgvara yA bAgar3a dezameM durdhara mahAvrata grahaNa kiye / taulava dezake yatiyoMmeM unakI bar3I pratiSThA huI, tailaMga dezake uttama uttama puruSoMne unake caraNoMkI bandanA kI, dravir3a dezake vidvAnoMne unakA stavana kiyA, mahArASTrameM unheM bahuta yaza milA, saurASTra ke dhanI zrAvakoMne unake lie mahAmahotsava kiyA, rAyadeza ( IDarake AsapAsakA prAnta ) ke nivAsiyoMne unake vacanoMko atizaya pramANa mAnA, medapATa ( mevAr3a ) ke mUrkha logoMko unhoMne pratibodhita kiyA, mAlaveke bhavya janoMke hRdaya-kamalako vikasita kiyA, mevAtameM unake adhyAtmarahasyapUrNa vyAkhyAnase vividha vidvAn zrAvaka prasanna hue, kurujAMgalake logoMkA 1 . saMvat 1652 varSe jyeSThadvitIyakRSNadazamyAM zukre mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgacche balAtkAragaNe zrIkundakundAnvaye bha0 zrIpamanandi devAstatpaTTe bha0 sakalakItidevAstatpaTTe bha0 bhuvanakItidevAstatpaTTe bha0 zAnabhUSaNadevAstatpaTTe bha0 zrIvijayakItidevAstatpa? bha0 zumacandradevAstatpaTTe bha0 zrIsamutikIrtidevAstatpaTTe bha0 zrIguNakIrtidevAstatpaTTe bha0 zrIvAdibhUSaNagurustacchiSya pa0 devajI paThanArtham / " 2 dekhI, jainasiddhAntabhAskarakI prathama kiraNa, pR0 45-46 3 dekhI jaina si0 bhA0 kI cauthI kiraNa pR0 43-45 4 nAgacaMdramarine jo taulavadezake devacaMdramunike ziSya the viSApahArastotraTIkA inhIM bAgaDa dezake maNDalAcArya zAnabhUSaNake bArabAra kahanese banAI thI- " bAgaDadezamaNDalAcAryazAnabhUSaNadevairmuhuruparuddhaH / " isase bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki ve taulavadezameM gaye the aura vahA~ke yatiyoMne unakA sammAna kiyA thaa| dekho, jainahitaiSI bhAga 12, pR0 97-99 meM paM0 jugalakizorajIkA itihaas-prsngg| 34

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530 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa ajJAna roga dUra kiyA, tUrava (?) ke SaTdarzana aura tarkake jAnanevAloMpara vijaya prApta kiyA, vairAT ( jayapurake AsapAsa ) ke logoMko ubhaya mArga ( sAgArabhanagAra ) dikhalAye, namiyAr3ha ( nimAr3a ?) meM jainadharmakI prabhAvanA kI, Taga rATa har3IbaTI nAgara cArla (?) Adi janapadoMmeM pratibodhake nimitta vihAra kiyA, bhairava rAjAne unakI bhakti kI, indrarAjAne caraNa pUje, rAjAdhirAja devarAjane gharagoMkI ArAdhanA kI, jinadharmake ArAdhaka mudiliyAra, rAmanAtharAya, vommarasarAya, kalaparAya, pANDurAya Adi rAjAoMne pUjA kI, aura unhoMne aneka tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI' / vyAkaraNa-chanda-alaMkAra-sAhitya-tarka-Agama-adhyAtmaAdi zAstrarUpI kamalopara vihAra karane ke lie ve rAjahaMsa the aura zuddha dhyAnAmRta-pAnakI unheM lAlasA thii|" yaha prazasti atizayoktipUrNa avazya hai phira bhI isase jAna par3atA hai ki jJAnabhUpaNa apane samayake bahuta prasiddha aura vidvAn AcArya the| bha0 zAnabhUpaNake tattvajJAnataraMgiNI aura siddhAntasAra-bhASya ye do graMtha mudrita ho cuke haiN| paramArthopadeza bhI upalabdha hai| inake sivAya nebhinirvANa-kAvyakI patrikA TIkA, pacAstikAya-TIkA, dazalakSaNodyApana, AdIzvara-phAga, bhaktAmarAdyApana aura sarasvatIpUjA ina granthoMko bhI jJAnabhUpaNakA batalAyA jAtA hai| saMbhava hai ki inameM anya kisI jJAnabhuSaNake graMtha bhI zAmila hoM / siddhAntasAra bhASyakI racanA kisa samaya huI, yaha to nahIM mAlUma ho sakA parantu 1 ' gommaTasAra-TIkA ' kA bhI kucha logAMne jJAnabhUSaNakRta mAna rakkhA hai| paraMtu yaha bhala hai / 26 agasta 1915 ke jainamitrameM ukta TIkAkI jo prazasti prakAzita huI hai, usase mAlUma hotA hai ki isake kartA ve nebhicaMdra haiM jinhoMne zAnabhUSaNase dIvA lI thI, bhaTTAraka prabhAcaMdrane jinheM AcArya padapara biThAyA thA, dakSiNa dezake suprasiddha AcArya municaMdrakai pAsa jinhoMne siddhAnta grantha paDhe the, vizAlakIrtine jinheM TIkA-racanAmeM sahAyatA dI thI aura jo lAlA brahmacArIke Agrahavaza gujarAtase Akara citrakUTa ( cittaura ) meM jinadAsazAhake banavAye hue pArzvanAthamandirameM rahe the / yaha TIkA vIranivaNi saMvat 2177 meM samApta huI hai / gommaTasArake kartAke matase 2177 meM vikrama saMvat (2177-605= 1572+135 ) 1707 par3atA hai, ataeva ukta nemicandrake guru zAnabhUSaNa koI dUsare hI zAnabhUSaNa haiM, jo siddhAMtasArabhASyake kartAse sau savA sau varSa bAda hue haiM /

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jJAnabhUSaNa aura zubhacandra tattvajJAnataraMgiNIkI prazastise mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha vikrama saMvat 1560 meM banI hai / 531 'jaina-dhAtu- pratimA-lekha saMgraha ' meM prakAzita bIsanagara (gujarAta ) ke zAntinAthake zvetAmbara mandirakI eka digambara pratimAke lekha~se aura paithApurake zve 0 mandirakI di0 pratimA ke lekhase mAlUma hotA hai ki vi0 saM0 1557 aura 1561 meM jJAnabhUpaNajI bhaTTAraka - padapara nahIM the kintu unake ziSya vijayakIrti the aura ve 1557 ke pahale hI isa pada ko chor3a cuke the / isa lie tattvajJAnataraMgiNIkI racanA unhoMne usa samaya kI hai jaba bhaTTArakapadapara vijayakIrti the / pUrvokta 'jaina dhAtu pratimA lekhnasaMgraha ' nAmaka grantha meM vikrama saMvat 1534-35 aura 1536 ke tIna pratimA-lekha aura bhI haiM jinase mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta saMvatoM meM jJAnabhUSaNa bhaTTArakapadapara the | bhaTTAraka pada chor3ane ke bAda bhI ve bahuta samayataka jIvita rahe haiM / bhaTTAraka zubhacandra bhI bahuta bar3e vidvAn the / trividhavidyAdhara ( zabdAgama, yuktyAgama aura paramAgamake jJAtA ) aura padmApAkavicakravartI ye unakI padaviyA~ thiiN| paTTAvalIke anusAra ve " pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA, puSpaparIkSA ( ? ) / parIkSAmukha, pramANanirNaya, nyAyamakaraMda, nyAya kumudacandra, nyAyavinizcaya, zlokavArtika, rAjavArtika, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, AptamImAMsA, aSTasahasrI, cintA 1 yadaiva vikramAtItAH zatapaJcadazAdhikAH / paSThisaMvatsarA jAtAstadeyaM nirmitA kRtiH // 53 // 2 dekho zrIbuddhisAgarasUrisampAdita 'jainadhAtupratimAlekhasaMgraha, ' prathama bhAga, pRSTha 87 aura 123 / 3 -" saM0 1557 varSe mAghavadi 5 gurau zrImUlasaMghe sarasvatIgacche balAtkAragaNe zrIkundakundAcAryAMnvaye bha0 sakalakItisvatpaTTe bha0 zrIbhuvanakIrtistatpa bha0 zrIjJAnabhUSaNastapaTTe bha0 zrIvijayakIrtigurUpadezAt hUMbaDazAtIya. ete zrIzAntinAthaM nityaM praNamanti / " jJAnabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka zrIvijayakIrti upa 4-" saM0 1561 caitravadi 8 zukre mUlasaMghe ma0 dezAt humbar3a kaDuA zrIneminAthabimbaM ... / ,, 5-dekho naM0 672, 1509 aura 567 ke lekha /

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532 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa maNimImAMsAvivaraNa, vAcaspatitattvakaumudI Adi karkaza tarka-granthoMke, jainendra, zAkaTAyana, aindra, pANini, kalApa Adi vyAkaraNa-granthoMke, trailokyasAra, gommaTasAra, labdhisAra, kSapaNAsAra, trilokaprajJapti, suvijJapti (?), adhyAtmASTasahasrI ( ? ) aura chandolakAra, Adi zAstra-samudroMke pAragAmI the / unhoMne aneka dezoMmeM vihAra kiyA thA, aneka vidyArthiyoMkA ve pAlana karate the, unakI sabhAmeM aneka vidvajana rahate the, gauDa, kaliMga, kaNITa, taulava, pUrva, gurjara, mAlava, Adi dezoMke vAdiyoM ko unhoMne parAjita kiyA thA aura apane tathA anya dharmoMke ve bar3e bhArI jJAtA the / " isameM bhI atizayokti to hogI hii| bha0 zubhacandrajIke banAye hue aneka grantha hai aura prAyaH una sabhIkI prazastiyoMmeM unhoMne apanI guruparamparAkA paricaya diyA hai| svAmikArtikayAnuprekSATIkAkI prazasti TippaNImeM dI jA cukI hai| pANDavapurANakI prazasti bhI hamAre pAsa hai jisake 72 se 86 nambaratakake padyoMmeM unake nIce likhe granthoMkA ullekha hai1-candranAthacaritaM caritArtha padmanAbhacaritaM zubhacandram / manmathasya mahimAnamatandro jIvakasya caritaM ca cakAra / / 72 // candanAyAH kathA yena dRbdhA nAndIzvarI tathA / AzAdharakRtArcAyAH vRttiH sadvRttizAlinI / / 73 // triMzaJcaturvizatipUjanaM ca savRttasiddhArcanamavyadhatta / sArasvatIyArcanamatra zuddhaM cintAmaNIyArcanamuccariSNuH // 74 / / zrIkarmadAhavidhibandhurasiddhasevAM nAnAguNaughagaNanAthasamarcanaM ca / zrIpArzvanAthavarakAvyasupanjikAM ca yaH saMcakAra zubhacandrayatIndracandraH // 75 / / udyApanamadIpiSTa palyopamavidhezca yaH / cAritrazuddhitapasazcatustridvAdazAtmanaH / / 76 / saMzayivadanavidAraNamapazabdasukhaNDanaM paraM tarkam / sattattvanirNayaM varasvarUpasaMbodhinI vRttim / / 77 adhyAtmapadyavRttiM sarvArthApUrvatobhadram / yo'kRtasayAkaraNaM cintAmaNinAmadheyaM ca / / 78

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zAnabhUSaNa aura zubhacandra 533 1 candraprabhacarita, 2 padmanAbhacarita, 3 jIvaMdharacarita, 4 candanA kathA, 5 nandIzvarakathA, 6 AzAdharakRta nityamahodyotakI TIkA, 7 triMzaccaturviMzatipUjApATha, 8 siddhacakravatapUjA, 9 sarasvatIpUjA, 10 cintAmaNiyaMtrapUjA, 11 karmadahanavidhAna, 12 gaNadharavalayapUjA, 13 ( vAdirAjakRta ) pArzvanAthakAvyakI paMjikA TIkA, 14 palyavratodyApana, 15 catustriMzadadhikadvAdazazatodyApana ( 1234 vratoMkA udyApana), 16 saMzayivadanavidAraNa ( zvetAmbaramatakhaNDana ), 17 apazabdakhaNDana, 18 tattvanirNaya, 19 svarUpasambodhanakI vRtti, 20 adhyAtmapadyaTIkA, 21 sarvatobhadra, 22 cintAmaNi nAmaka prAkRta vyAkaraNa, 23 aMgapaNatti (prAkRta ), 24 anekastotra, 25 paDvAda (?) aura pANDavapurANa / pANDavapurANa vi0 saMvat 1608 meM samApta huA hai / ataeva isake pahaleke race hue granthoMke hI nAma isa prazastise mAlUma ho sakate haiM / pANDavapurANake bAda bhI unhoMne aneka granthoMkI racanA kI hai aura isake pramANameM hama do granthoMko peza kara sakate haiM -eka to svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA-TIkA jo saMvat 1613 meM banI hai aura dUsarA karakuMDucarita jo saM0 1611 meM banA hai / saMbhava hai, inake sivAya aura bhI kucha grantha inake bAda bane hoN| kRtA yenAMgaprajJaptiH sarvAGgArthAprarUpikA / stotrANi ca pavitrANi SaDvAdAH zrIjinezinAm // 79 tana zrIzubhacandradevaviduSA satpANDavAnAM param / puSyatpuNyapurANamatra sukaraM cAkAri prItyA mahat / / 8. zrImadvikramabhUpaterdvikahate spaSTASTasaMkhye zate ramyaSTAdhikavatsare sukhakare bhAdre dvitIyAtithau / zrImadvAgvaranirvRtIdamatule zrIzAkavATe pur| zrImacchrIpuruSAbhidhe viracitaM stheyAtpurANaM ciram // 86 1 yaha grantha svargIya seTha mANikacandajIke granthabhaNDArameM maujUda hai / 2 yaha jaina si0 pra0 saMsthAdvArA prakAzita ho cukA hai / 3 siddhAntasArAdisaMgrahameM prakAzita /

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mAghanandi yogIndra ye ' zAstrasArasamuccaya' nAmaka sUtragranthake kartA haiM / isa nAmake bhI kaI AcArya ho gaye haiM, isa kAraNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki isake karttA kaunase mAghanandi haiN| karnATaka-kavi-caritrake anusAra eka mAghanandikA samaya IsvI san 1260 ( vi0 saMvat 1317 ) hai aura unhoMne isa zAstrasArasamuccayapara eka kanar3I TIkA bhI likhI hai tathA mAghanandi-zrAvakAcArake kartA bhI vahI haiM / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki zAstrasArasamuccaya ( mUla ) ke kartA inase pahale hue haiM aura unakA samaya bhI vikramakI caudahavIM zatAbdise pahale samajhanA cAhie / __ madrAsakI oriyaNTala lAyabrerImeM 'pratiSThAkalpaTippaNa' yA 'jinasaMhitA' nAmakA eka grantha hai| usakI utthAnikA aura antakI puSpikAMse mAlUma hotA hai ki pratiSThAkalpa TippaNake kartA kumundendu yA kumudacandra mAghanandisiddhAntacakravartIke ziSya the| mAghanandi zrAvakAcAra aura zAstrasArasamuccayake TIkAkAra mAghanandine karnATakakavicaritrake anusAra kumudenduko apanA guru batalAyA hai| saMbhava hai ki siddhAntasArasamuccayake karttA mAghanandi (pahale ) ke hI ziSya ye kumudendu hoM jinakA ukta pratiSThAkalpa-TippaNa nAmaka grantha hai aura unhIMke ziSya zrAvakAcArake karttA dUsare mAghanandi hoN| aksara rAjAoMke samAna muniyoMmeM bhI dAdA aura poteke nAma eka-se rakkhe jAte rahe haiM / yadi yaha ThIka hai to zAstrasArasamuccayake kartAkA samaya 50 varSa aura pahale arthAt vikramasaMvat 1267 ke lagabhaga mAnanA caahie| 1-zrImAghanandisiddhAntacakravartitanUbhavaH / kumudendurahaM vacmi pratiSThAkalpaTippaNam / / 2-iti zrImAghanandisiddhAntacakravartitanUbhavacaturvidhapANDityacakravartizrIvAdikumudacandramunIndraviracite jinasaMhitATippaNe pRjyAjakapUjakAcAryapUjAphalapratipAdanaM samAptam / /

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bhaTTAraka guNabhadra citrabandhastotrake kartA guNabhadrakIrti nAmake AcArya bhagavajinasenake ziSya guNabhadrAcAryake atirikta koI dUsare hI haiM / 27 veM zlokameM isa stutiko ' medhAvinA saMskRtAM' ( medhAvIke dvArA saMskAra kI huI ) vizeSaNa diyA hai| saMbhavataH ye vahI paM0 medhAvI haiM jo dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcArake kartA haiM aura jinhoMne mUlAcArakI ' vasunandivRtti, ' ' trilokaprajJapti' Adi granthoM ke antameM ukta granthoMke dAna karanevAloMkI bar3I bar3I prazastiyA~ jor3I haiM / yadi hamArA yaha anumAna ThIka hai, to yaha stotra 16 vIM zatAbdikA banA huA hai| kyoMki paM0 medhAvIne ukta prazastiyA~ vi0 saM0 1516 aura 1519 meM racI haiN| medhAvIke samayameM eka guNabhadra nAmake AcArya the bhI, isakA patA jainasi. ddhAntabhavana ArAke ' jJAnArNava' nAmaka granthakI lekhaka-prazastise lagatA hai / yathA___" saMvat 1521 varSa ASAr3ha sudi 6 somavAsare zrIgopAcaladurge tomaravaMze rAjAdhirAjazrIkIrtisiMharAjyapravartamAne zrIkASThAsaMghe mAthurAnvaye puSkaragaNe bha0 zrIguNakIrtidevAstatpaTTe bha0 zrI. zrIyazaHkIrtidevAstatpaTTe bha0 zrImalayakIrtidevAstatpaTTe bha. zrIguNabhadradevAstadAmnAye grggotre....|" __ isase mAlUma hotA hai ki vi0 saM . 1521 meM gvAliyarameM guNabhadranAmake AcArya the jo kASThAsaMgha -mAthurAnvaya aura puSkaragaNakI gaddIpara ArUr3ha the / bahuta saMbhava hai ki citrabandhastotrake kartA yahI hoM aura inhIMkI racanAko usI samayameM honevAle paM0 medhAvIne saMskRta kiyA ho / 1 mANikacandra-granthamAlAke siddhAMtasArAdisaMgrahameM prakAzita / 2 yo nAdhIta imAM stutiM vinayato medhAvinA saMskRtAm / puMnAgaH kavitAM sa yAti sanRpatiH (1) svargazriyaM cAznute // 3 dakho jainahitaiSI bhAga 15, aMka 3-4 / paM0 medhAvIkA banAyA huA dharma saMgrahazrAvakAcAra nAmakA grantha bhI hai, jo vi0 saMvata 1541 meM samApta huA hai aura bhASA-TIkAsahita prakAzita ho cukA hai|

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kucha aprApya grantha 1-sumatidevake do grantha pArzvanAthacaritake kI vAdirAjasUrine prAcIna kaviyoMkA smaraNa karate hue likhA hai namaH sanmataye tasmai bhavakUpanipAtinAm / ___ sanmatirvivRtA yena sukhadhAmapravezinI // 22 // arthAt usa sanmati ( AcArya) ko namaskAra ho, jisane bhavakUpameM par3e hue logoMke lie sukhadhAmameM pahu~cAnevAlI 'sanmati'ko vivRta kiyA, arthAt sanma. tikI vRtti yA TIkA likhii| hamArI samajhameM yaha sanmati siddhasena AcAryakA suprasiddha ' sanmati-prakaraNa' nAmakA grantha hai, jisapara zvetAmbarAcArya abhayadevakI vistRta TIkA hai aura jo gujarAta vidyApIThadvArA prakAzita bhI ho cukA hai| isa ullekhase anumAna hotA hai ki digambarasampradAyameM usa samaya taka isakA itanA pracAra thA ki usapara digambarAcAryoMne TIkAyeM bhI likhI thiiN| isI lie to harivaMzapurANa aura AdipurANake kartAoMne unakI atizaya prazaMsA kI hai aura unheM mahAn tArkika batalAyA hai| zravaNabelgolakI malliSaNa-prazastimeM sumatideva nAmake AcAryakA ullekha hai jinhoMne 'sumati-saptaka ' nAmakA koI grantha banAyA thA sumatidevamamuM stuta yena vaH sumatisaptakamAptatayA kRtaM / parihRtApathatattvapathArthinAM sumatikoTivivarti bhavArtihRt / / 1 - jagatprabodhasiddhasya vRSabhasyeva nistuSaH / bodhayanti satAM buddhiM siddhasenasya sUktayaH / / 30-hari 0 2-siddhasenakavi yAdvikalpanakharAGkaraH / / pravAdikariyUthAnAM kesarI nayakesaraH / 42-A0 pu0

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kucha aprApya grantha jAna par3atA hai ki pUrvokta sanmati aura ye sumatideva eka hI haiN| kyoMki sanmati aura sumati prAyaH ekArthavAcI haiN| kavigaNa aksara nAmoMmeM bhI paryAyavAcI zabdoMkA prayoga kara diyA karate haiM, jaise devasenako surasena aura kanaka nandiko kaladhautanandi likhA gayA hai| sanmatikI TIkAke kartAkA nAma eka kaviko 'sumati kI jagaha ' sanmati' hI vizeSa upayukta aura AkarSaNIya mAlUma huA hogA aura vaha sugamatAse prApta isa zabdAlaMkArako nahIM chor3a sakA hogA / __ malliSeNa-prazastimeM kundakunda, samantabhadra, siMhanandi, vakragrIva, vajranandi aura pAtrakesarIke bAda sumatidevakI stuti kI gaI hai aura unake bAda kumArasena, varddhadeva, akalaMkadeva AdikI / yadyapi ukta prazastise hama yaha AzA nahIM kara sakate haiM ki usameM saba AcAryoMkA stavana ThIka ThIka samaya-kramase hI kiyA hogA, phira bhI sumatideva bahuta prAcIna AcArya mAlUma hote haiM / 2-vajranandike do grantha malliSeNa-prazastimeM vajranandike 'navastotra' nAmaka granthakA ullekha milatA hai, jisameM sAre arhatpravacanako antarbhuktaM kiyA gayA hai aura jisakI racanAzailI bahuta sundara hai navastotraM tatra prasarati kavIndrAH kathamapi pramANaM vajrAdau racayata parannandini munau / navastotraM yena vyaraci sakalArhatapravacana prapaMcAntarbhAvapravaNavarasandarbhasubhagam // 11 isI taraha AcArya jinasenane bhI apane harivaMzapurANameM vajrasUrikI stuti karate hue likhA hai vajrasUrevicAraNyaH sahetvorbandhamokSayoH / pramANaM dharmazAstrANAM pravaktRNAmivoktayaH / / 32 arthAt vajrasUrikI sahetuka bandha-mokSakI vicAraNAyeM dharmazAstroMke pravaktA arthAt gaNadharadevoMkI uktiyoMke samAna pramANabhUta haiN| __ isa stutimeM vajrasUrike kisI aise granthakA saMketa kiyA gayA hai jisameM bandha, mokSa aura unake kAraNa rAga-dveSa tathA samyagdarzanazAnacAritrAdikI carcA hai / mahAkavi dhavalane apane apabhraMzabhASAke harivaMzapurANameM likhA hai

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538 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vajjasUri supasiddhau muNivaru, jeNa pamANagaMthu kiu caMgau / arthAt vajrasUri nAmake suprasiddha munivara hue jinhoMne sundara pramANa-graMtha bnaayaa| jinasena aura dhavala donoMne hI vajrasUIrakA ullekha pUjyapAda yA devanandike bAda kiyA hai, ataeva ye vahI vajranandi mAlUma hote haiM jo pUjyapAdake ziSya the auraM jinheM devasenasUrine apane darzanasArameM drAviDa saMghakA utpAdaka batalAyA hai / navastotraka atirikta inakA koI pramANa grantha bhI thA / AcArya jinasenane unake jisa bandha-mokSakI carcA karanevAle granthakA saMketa kiyA hai, vaha zAyada ina domese hI koI ho athavA koI tIsarA hI ho / yaha bAta khAsa taurase dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jinasena to unheM gaNadhara devoMke samAna pramANika mAnate haiM aura devasena jainAbhAsa batalAte haiM ! 3-mahAsenakI sulocanA kathA AcArya jinasenane apane harivaMzapurANakI utthAnikAmeM likhA hai mahAsenasya madhurA zIlAlaMkAradhAriNI / ___ kathA na varNitA kena vaniteva sulocanA / / 33 arthAt zIlarUpa alaMkArako dhAraNa karanevAlI, sunetrA aura mathurA vanitAke samAna mahAsenakI sulocanA-kathAkI prazaMsA kisane nahIM kI ? kuvalayamAlAke kartA zvetAmbarAcArya udyotanasUrine bhI zAyada isI sulocanA kathAke viSayameM kahA hai saNihiyajiNavariMdA dhammakahAbaMdhadikkhiyaNariMdA / kahiyA jaNa sukahiyA sulAyaNA samavasaraNa va // 39 // arthAt jisane samavasaraNa jaisI sukathitA sulocanA kathA kahI / jisa taraha samavasaraNameM jinendra sthita rahate haiM aura dharmakathA sunakara rAjA loga dIkSita hote haiM, usI taraha sulocanA kathAmeM bhI jinendra sannihita haiM aura usameM rAjAne dIkSA le lI hai| udyotanasUrine jinasenase pA~ca varSa pahale apane granthakI racanA kI thI, ataeva Adhika saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki ina donoM ke dvArA prazaMsita 'sulocanA kathA' eka hI hai aura mahAsena vikramakI saMvat 835 ke pahaleke haiN| bahuta karake yaha kathA prAkRta bhASAmeM hogii|

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kucha aprApya grantha 539 dhavala mahAkavine bhI apane apabhraMza harivaMza-purANameM ravipeNake padmacaritake sAtha mahAsenakI sulocanA kathAkA ullekha kiyA haimuNi mahaseNu suloyaNu jeNa, paumacariu muNi raviseNeNa / 4-prabhaMjanakA yazodharacarita muni vAsavasenane yazodharacaritameM likhA hai prabhaMjanAdibhiH pUrvaM hariSeNasamanvitaiH / __ yaduktaM tatkathaM zakyaM mayA bAlena bhASitum / / arthAt haripeNa prabhaMjanAdi kaviyoMne pahale jo kucha kahA hai, vaha mujha bAlakase kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? isameM mAlUma hotA hai ki prabhaMjana kavikA banAyA huA yazodharacarita nAmakA grantha vAsavasenake pahale thA aura jAna par3atA hai ki isIkA ullekha kuvalayamAlAmeM bhI kiyA gayA hai sattaNa jo jasahage jasaharacarieNa jaNavae pyddo| kalimalapabhaMjaNo cciya pabhaMjaNo Asi rAyarisI // 40 // arthAt jo zatruoMke yazakA haraNa karanevAlA thA aura jo yazodharacaritake kAraNa janapadameM prakaTa yA prasiddha huA, vaha kalike pApoMkA prabhaMjana karanevAlA prabhajana nAmakA rAjarSi hai / arthAt prabhaMjana pahale rAjA the aura pIche unhoMne jinadIkSA le lI thii| yaha grantha bhI sambhavataH prAkRtameM hogaa|

Page #568
chAna-bIna 1-saMghI, saMghavI, siMghaI, siMgaI ye saba zabda ' saMghapati ke apabhraMza haiM / saMghapatike prAkRta rUpa ' saMghavaI' 'saMghavai' hote haiM / gujarAta kAThiyAvAr3ameM pracalita ' saMghavI ' zabda isase bilakula najadIkakA hai / yaha -- saMghavI' hI bundelakhaMDa AdimeM 'siMghaI' yA 'siMgaI' ho gayA hai / rAjapUtAnekA 'saMghI' yA 'siMghI' pada bhI isIkA rUpa hai| prAcIna kAlameM dhanI-mAnI loga tIrthayAtrAke lie bar3e bar3e saMgha nikAlate the, jinameM muni-ArthikA-zrAvaka-zrAvikArUpa caturvidha saMgha hotA thaa| una dinoM yAtrAkArya bar3A kaThina thaa| sabakI jAna-mAlakI rakSA karanA, yAtrAmeM kisIko kisI prakArakA kaSTa na hone denA, sArA prabandha karanA, sArA kharca uThAnA, yaha sAdhAraNa kAma nahIM thaa| isakA bhAra jo koI uThAtA thA, zAyada vahI saMghapati kahalAtA thaa| zvetAmbara sampradAyameM zatrujaya, giranAra Adike lie saMgha nikAlane kI paramparA anavacchinnarUpase abataka calI A rahI hai aura aba bhI isa tarahake saMgha nikAlanavAle saMghapatikI padavIse vibhUSita kiye jAte haiM, parantu digambara-sampradAyameM bIcameM yaha paramparA naSTa-sI ho gaI thii| usake pahaleke avazya hI isake bahutase pramANa milate haiM / phira bhI isa padavIkA moha naSTa nahIM huaa| isalie saMgha nikAlane ke badale jo loga bhagavAnakA gaja-ratha nikAlane lage, unheM bhI pIchese yaha padavI dI jAne lagI / aba bundelakhaNDa aura sI0 pI0 kI paravAra, golApUrva, golAlAre Adi jAtiyoMke loga gajaratha nikAlakara hI : siMghaI' yA 'siMgaI' bana jAte haiM, saMgha nikAlanekI bAtako to zAyada ve bhUla hI gaye haiN| __ khaNDelavAlA aura dUsarI kucha jAtiyoM meM bhI 'saMghI' pada hai / parantu jAna par3atA hai, vaha purAne saMghapatiyoMke hI vaMzameM calA AyA huA pada hai, gajaratha calAkara prApta kiyA huA nhiiN|

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chAnabIna 541 bar3e-bar3e nagaroMmeM jahA~ jainoMkA jana-saMgha kAphI hotA thA, aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki vahA~ke sarvapradhAna mukhiyAko bhI ' saMghapati' kahA jAtA thA / prAcIna zikhAlekhoM, pratimAlekhoM aura grantha-prazastiyoM meM saMghapatikA saMkSiptarUpa 'saM0 ' likhA milatA hai / zAyada yaha pada Ageke vaMzadharoMko bhI paramparAse prApta hotA thaa| 2-sAdhu aura sAhu 'sAdhu' zabda kA prAkRta rUpa ' sAhu' hotA hai, aura cU~ki 'sAhu' lokabhASAmeM eka pracalita padavI thI, isalie jaba saMskRtake lekhakoM ko apanI saMskRta racanAmeM usake nirdezakI AvazyakatA huI, taba unhoMne usakA saMskRtarUpa 'sAdhu' banA liyA aura sAhukI patnI ' sAhuNI'ko ' sAdhvI' / parantu ina zabdoMse prAyaH bhrama ho jAyA karatA hai / Ama taurase sAdhu zabdakA uccAraNa karate hI hamAre sAmane muni yA yatikA bhAva A jAtA hai aura sAdhvIse AryikA yA tapasvinIkA / parantu grantha-prazastiyoM pratimA-lekhoM AdimeM sAdhu zabda sAhUkAra yA dhanI gRhasthake arthameM hI adhikatAse vyavahAra kiyA gayA gayA hai aura sAdhvI usakI patnIke lie| __paM0 AzAdharajIne apanI prazastimeM eka jagaha likhA hai-" mugdhabuddhiprabodhAya mahIcandreNa sAdhunA, dharmAmRtasya sAgAradharmaTIkAsti kaaritaa|" isakA artha bar3e bar3e paMDitotakane yahI kara DAlA hai ki mahIcandra nAmaka sAdhune TIkA bnvaaii| parantu vAstavameM mahIcandra eka sAhU yA seTha the / yathArthameM sAhu yA zAha zabda phArasI bhASAkA hai jisakA artha svAmI, rAjA, sajjana, mahAjana Adi hotA hai / musalamAna-kAlameM yaha zabda lokabhASAmeM pracalita ho gayA thA / saMskRtameM bhI sAdhu zabda bhalA, sajjana Adi arthoM meM vyavahRta hotA thA, isalie yadyapi 'sAhu' kA 'sAdhu' rUpa bahuta dUravartI nahIM ho jAtA hai, phira bhI yaha ' sAhu' zabda saMskRtase AyA huA nahIM mAlUma hotA / 3-pati-patnIke samAna nAma kathA-granthoM meM aksara bhaviSyadatta seTha bhaviSyadattA seThAnI, somadatta brAhmaNa somazrI brAhmaNI, dhanadatta dhanadattA, yajJadatta yajJadattA Adi pati-patniyoMke ekase nima milate haiM / isase Ajakalake par3hanevAloMko yaha khayAla ho jAtA hai ki ye saba

Page #570
542 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kalpita nAma haiM aura yoM hI gar3ha liye gaye haiM / yaha ho sakatA hai ki bahuta-sI kathAyeM kalpita hoM, kathAyeM kalpita banAneke lie koI rukAvaTa bhI nahIM hai, parantu kevala isa prakArake nAmoMse hI unheM kalpita nahIM kahA jAtA sakatA / jisa taraha Ajakala pati ke nAmake pUrva 'misisa' yA 'zrImatI' jor3a denese usakI patnIkA bodha hotA hai, usI taraha jAna par3atA hai pUrvakAlameM bhI bahudhA patike nAmake Age zrI, de ( devI), hI ( hrI) jor3a dene yA liMga-parivartana kara denese patnIkA nAma ho jAtA thaa| prAcIna lekhoM aura grantha-prazastiyoM se isa tarahake bahuta-se udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiM / jaise___" saMvat 1797 varSe zrAvaNasudi 14 zanivAsare zrImUlamaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kunkundAcAryAnvaye bhaTTAraka zrIdevendrakIrtidevAstatpa? bhaTTAraka zrImahendrakIrtistadAnAye savAI jayapuramadhye zrIpArzvanAthacaityAlaye vilAlAgotra sAha zrIhara ( hIrA ) rAma tasya bhAryA hIrAde, tayoH putraH sAhazrI sAMvaladAsajI tasya bhAryA sAMvalade, tayoH putrau dvau prathama sAha zrI naiNasukhajI tasya bhAyA naiNAde, tayoH putrau dvau / ciraMjIvi hitarAmajI dvitIya bhAgacandraH / sAMvaladAsasya dvitIya putraH sAhajI zrIgopIrAmajI / tasya bhArya dve / eteSAM madhye sAhajI zrIgopIrAmajI idaM pustakaM paTkarmopadezaratnamAlAnAmakaM AcArya zrIkSemakIrtijI tacchipya paMDita govarddhanadAsAya likhApi ( ?) ghaTApitaM jJAnAvaraNIkarmakSayArthe / zrIrastukalyANamastu / zubhaM bhavatuM / " jayapura ke ukta bhaMDArameM hI pAMData jinadAsa vaidyakA 'holIreNukAparvacaritra' nAmakA grantha ( gaTharI 6, naM0 1 patra 56, zloka 843) hai, jisakI prazastimeM jinadAsa vaidyakI vistRta pUrva-kulaparamparA dI huI hai| usameM phIroz2azAha, gyAsuddIna aura nAdirazAha Adi bAdazAhoMke dvArA sammAnita paM0 harapati, padma, auha aura biMjhakI prazaMsA kI gaI hai aura phira likhA hai ki biMjhake putra dharmadAsa vaidyaziromaNi the / ina dharmadAsakI patnIkA nAma dharmazrI thA-- 'dharmazrIriti nAmato'sya vanitA devaadipuujaartaa|' 1 bhaTTAraka sakalabhUSaNake isa graMthakI prati jayapurake pATIdIjIke maMdirameM ( gaTharI na0 8, grantha naM0 4, patra saMkhyA 136, zloka saMkhyA 3580 ) hai / sva0 gurUjI paM0 pannAlAlajI vAkalIvAlane jaka ve jayapura meM the, isa prazastikI naphAra mere pAsa bhejI thii|

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chAna-bIna 543 ina donoMke ' rekhA' nAmaka putra hue jinakA raNathaMbhorameM zerazAha narendrane sammAna kiyaa| inakI patnIkA nAma 'rekhA-zrI' thA-bhAryAsya sadguNopetA nAmnA rekhAsiriH smRtaa|' inhIMke putra granthakartA jinadAsa hue| vaidya jinadAsakI patnIkA nAma bhI diyA hai parantu vaha ThIka ThIka par3hA nahIM gayA / bambaIke ai0 10 sarasvatIbhavanameM dharmazarmAbhyudaya-TIkAkI saM0 1652 kI likhI huI eka prati hai, usameM godhA gotrake sA0 paMcAiNakI bar3I lambI vaMza-prazasti dI hai, usameM sA0 nUnA bhAryA nunasiri, sA0 jIvA bhAryA jIvalade, sA0 pUnA bhAryA punasiri, sA0 mallidAsa bhAryA mallisiri Adi pati-patniyoMke nAma diye haiM / ___ karakaMDucariu (kAraMjA-sIrIja ) kI pratike antameM yaha prazasti dI hai" saMvat 1597 varSe......khaMDelavAlAnvaye godhAgotre sAhA nAMdA ( nayaNa) tadbhAryA nayaNazrI, tatputra sAha mehA tadbhAryA dve prathamA mehAde dvitIyA suhAgade, tatputrau dvau prathama sAha karamA......" muni zrIjinavijayajI dvArA sampAdita 'prAcIna jaina-lekha-saMgraha meM pAlI grAmakA eka lekha (naM0 433) isa prakArakA hai.---" saM0 1507 varSe phA0 va0 3 budhe ozavaMze vaharA hIrA bhA0 hIrAde, pu0 va0 petA bhA0 petalade, pu0 va himati pitRzreyase zrIzAntinAthabiMba kAritaM zrIkharataragacche zrIjinabhadrasUrizrIjinasAgarasUribhiH prtisstthitaa|" ___ isa tarahake aura bhI aneka udAharaNa DhU~r3hakara diye jA sakate haiM / yaha paddhati jAna par3atI hai aba bhI kahIM kahIM pracalita hai / ATha nava varSa pahale ghATakopara ( bambaIkA upanagara ) meM meM jina dhanI seThake makAnameM rahatA thA, ve do bhAI haiM aura kacchI haiN| unameM eka bhAIkA nAma belajI aura unakI patnIkA nAma belAbahU hai| dUsare bhAIkA nAma maiM bhUla gayA hU~, parantu unakI patnIkA nAma bhI unake nAmake sAtha hI 'bahU' jor3akara rakhA huA hai| karIba karIba sabhI jagaha strIke do nAma hote haiM eka pitAke gharakA aura dUsarA patike gharakA / patike ghara Anepara use nayA nAma diyA jAtA hai / koI nayA nAma rakhanekI apekSA patike nAmake sAtha zrI, devI, hI, bahU Adi jor3akara nayA nAma banA lenA adhika subhItekA hai| parantu striyA~ apane patikA nAma

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544 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa lenemeM saMkoca karatI haiM aura isa taraha unake nAmameM bhI patike nAmakA uccAraNa ho jAtA hai, zAyada isI lie isa sundara paddhatikA vistAra nahIM huA aura yaha banda ho gii| 4-sAdhuoMkA vahupatnItva hamAre bhaMDAroMmeM jo hastalikhita grantha haiM, unake antameM graMthakartAoMkI prazastiyoMke sivAya grantha likhAnevAloM aura unheM 'jJAnAvaraNI-karmakSayArtha' dAna karanevAloMkI bhI prazastiyA~ rahatI haiM / inameM prAyaH unake sAre kuTumbake nAma rahate haiM / unameM aise bahutase saMghapatiyoM yA sAdhuoM (sAhuoM) ke nAma milate haiM jinake ekAdhika striyA~ hotI thiiN| unakI prathamA, dvitIyA, tRtIyA bhAryAoMke nAma aura unake putroMke nAma bhI rahate haiN| isase patA lagatA hai ki usa samaya dhanI pratiSThita kuloMmeM bahupatnItvakA Ama rivAja thA aura vaha zAyada pratiSThAkA jJApaka thaa| kamase kama apratiSThAkA kAraNa to nahIM samajhA jAtA thaa| udAharaNake lie hama yahA~para kevala paM0 rAjamallajIkI vi0 saM0 1641 meM banI huI lATIsaMhitAkI vistRta prazastikA kucha aMza uddhRta kara denA kAphI samajhate haiM tatratyaH zrAvako bhArU bhAryA tisro'sya dhArmikAH / kulazIlavayorUpadharmabuddhisamanvitAH // 10 // nAmnA tatrAdimA medhI dvitIyA nAma rUpiNI / ratnagI dharitrIva tRtIyA nAma devilA // 11 // arthAt bhArU nAma zrAvakakI meghI, rUpiNI aura devilA nAmakI tIna striyA~ thiiN| Age calakara bhArUke nAtI nyotAke viSayameM likhA hai| nyotAsaMghAdhinAthasya dve bhArye zuddhavaMzaje / / 15 / / ___ AdyA nAmnA hi padmAhI gaurAhI dvitIyA mtaa| arthAt saMghapati nyotAkI padmAhI aura gaugahI nAmakI do striyA~ thiiN| nyotAke putra deIdAsake bhI do bhAryoM thIM-eka rAmUhI aura dUsarI kAmUhI bhAryA deIdAsasya rAmUhI prathamA matA // 19 // kAmUhI dvitIyA jJeyA bhartRzchandAnugAminI / isI vaMzameM Age saMghapati bholhAkI bhI chAjAhI, vIdhUhI Adi tIna aura saM0 phAmaNakI DUgarahI aura gaMgA ye do striyA~ batalAI haiN|

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chAna-bIna 545 Upara dharmazamAbhyudaya-TIkAkI jisa pratikA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usake likhanevAleke kuTumbakI jo sUcI dI hai, usameM prAyaH sabhI sAhuoMkI do do tIna tIna bhAryAyeM haiM, eka to kisIkI bhI nahIM hai aura sabhIke do do tIna tIna putroMke bhI nAma diye haiN| aisA nahIM mAlUma hotA ki santAnAdi na honeke kAraNa ukta dhanI loga aneka zAdiyA~ karate the, kyoMki prAyaH una striyoM ke putroMke bhI ullekha haiM aura unheM kula, zIla, rUpa, dharmabuddhiyukta aura paticchandAnugAminI bhI batalAyA hai / aisI dazAmeM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya aneka patniyA~ honA bar3e puruSoMkI zobhA thI aura yaha itanA rUr3ha thA ki isameM doSakI kalpanA hI nahIM ho sakatI thii| 5 ---parAzarasmRtike zlokakA artha naSTa mRte pravrajite klIbe ca patite patau / paJcasvApatsu nArINAM patiranyo vidhIyate / / parAzarasmRtike isa zloka kA sIdhA artha yaha hai ki patike lApatA ho jAne para, mara jAne para, sAdhu ho jAne para, napuMsaka hone para aura patita ho jAne para, isa taraha ina pA~ca ApattiyoMmeM striyA~ke lie dUsarA pati karanekI yA punarvivAhakI vidhi hai / parantu vyAkaraNake sAdhAraNa niyamake anusAra 'pati' zabdakA saptamI vibhaktimeM 'patau' rUpa nahIM banatA hai, 'patyau' banatA hai / isa lie vidhavAvivAhake virodhI 'pati' zabdako 'patiriva patiH ' ( jisake sAtha sagAI kI gaI ho vivAha nahIM huA ho, isa lie jo patike hI samAna ho) kahakara usakA 'patau' rUpa mAnakara artha karate haiN| parantu vAstavameM yaha artha galata hai| smRtikArane 'patau ' rUpa vivAhita patike lie hI vyavahRta kiyA hai| isake lie eka bahuta purAnA pramANa jainAcArya zrI amitagatikI dharmaparIkSAmeM milatA hai jo ki vi0 saM0 1070 kI banI huI hai| isa granthake gyArahaveM paricchedameM maNDapakauzikakI kathAke nIce likhe zloka dekhie tairuktaM vidhavA kvApi tvaM saMgRhya sukhI bhava / nobhayorvidyate doSa ityuktastApasAgame / / 11 / /

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546 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa patyau pravrajite klIbe pranaSTe patite mRte / paJcasvApatsu nArINAM patiranyo vidhIyate // 12 // tenAto vidhinA grAhi taapsaadeshvrtinaa| svayaM hi viSaye lolo gurvAdezena kiM punaH // 13 // isase mAlUma hotA hai ki vikramakI gyArahavIM zatAbdImeM bhI ukta zlokakA vidhavAvivAha-pApaka artha hI mAnA jAtA thA aura usakA zAyada eka pATAntara bhI pracalita thA jisakA rUpa 12 veM nambarake zloka jaisA thaa| ___ satyake anurodhase yaha kaha denA Avazyaka hai ki ukta kathAmeM granthakartAkA jo rukha hai, vaha vidhavA-vivAhakA virodhI mAlUma hotA hai| unhoMne parAzarakA ukta zloka uddhRta karake batalAyA hai ki tApasoMke (brAhmaNa RpiyoM) ke zAstra meM vidhavAvivAhakA vidhAna hai aura yaha kahakara unakA majAka ur3AyA hai| arthAt gyArahavIM sadImeM bhI lokamata vidhavA-vivAhakA virodhI thaa| 6---parigrahapariNAmavratake dAsI-dAsa gulAma the saMsArameM sthAyI kucha nahIM, sabhI kucha parivartanazIla hai| hamArI sAmAjika vyavasthAoMmeM bhI barAbara parivartana hote rahate haiM, yadyapi unakA jJAna hameM jaldI nahIM hotaa| jo loga yaha samajhate haiM ki hamArI sAmAjika vyavasthA anAdikAlase eka-sI calI ArahI hai, ve bahuta bar3I bhUla karate haiN| ve jarA gaharAIse vicAra karake dekheM to unheM mAlUma ho jAya ki parivartana niraMtara hI hote rahate haiM, haraeka sAmAjika niyama samayakI gati ke sAtha kucha na kucha badalatA hI rahatA hai / udAharaNake lie isa lekhameM hama dAsa-prathAkI carcA karanA cAhate haiM / prAcIna kAlameM sAre dazoMmeM dAsa-prathA yA gulAma rakhanekA rivAja thA aura vaha bhAratavarSa bhI thA / isa dezake anya prAcIna granthoMke samAna jainagranthoM meM bhI isake aneka pramANa milate haiM / jainadharmake anusAra bAhya parigrahake dasa bheda haiM / bAhirasaMgA khetaM vatthaM dhagadhaNakuSyabhaDAni / dupaya-ca uppaya-jANANi ceva sayaNAsaNe ya thaa| 1119 -bhagavatI ArAdhanA / isa para zrI aparajitasUrikI TIkA dekhie" bAhirasaMgA baahyprigrhaaH| khettaM karSaNAdyadhikaraNaM / vatthaM vAstu gRhaM / dhaNaM

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chAna-bIna "" suvarNAdiH / ghaNNa dhAnyaM brIhyAdiH / kuppa kupyaM vastraM / bhaMDa bhANDazabdenahiMgumaricAdikamucyate / dvipadazabdena dAsadAsIbhRtyavargAdiH / cauppaya gajaturagAdayaH catupadAH / jANANi zivikAvimAnadikaM yAnaM / sayaNAsaNe zayanAni AsanAni ca / arthAt - kheta, vAstu ( makAna ), dhana ( sonA, cA~dI ), dhAnya ( cAvala Adi), kupya ( kapar3e ), bhANDa ( hiMgamircAdi masAle ), dvipada ( do-pAye dAsa-dAsI), catuSpada ( caupAye hAthI, ghor3e Adi ), yAna ( pAlakI vimAna Adi ), zayana ( bichaune) aura Asana ye bAhya parigraha haiM / lagabhaga yahI artha paMDita AzAdharajI aura AcArya amitagatine bhI apanI TIkAoM meM kiyA hai / ina dasameMse hama apane pAThakoM kA dhyAna dvipada aura catuSpada arthAt dopAye aura caupAye zabdoMkI ora khIMcanA cAhate haiM / ye donoM parigraha haiM / jisa taraha sonA cA~dI makAna vastra Adi cIjeM manuSyakI mAlikIkI samajhI jAtI haiM usI taraha dopAye aura caupAye jAnavara bhI haiN| caupAye to khaira, aba bhI manuSyakI jAyadAdameM gine jAte haiM, parantu pUrvakAlameM dAsa-dAsI bhI jAyadAda ke antargata the / pazuoMse unameM yahI bhinnatA thI ki unake cAra pA~va hote haiM aura inake do / pA~caveM parigraha tyAgavata ke pAlana meM jisa taraha aura saba cIz2oMke chor3ane kI jarUrata hai usI taraha inakI bhI / parantu zAyada ina dvipadoMko svayaM chUTanekA adhikAra nahIM thA / dAsa-dAsiyoMkA svataMtra vyaktitva kitanA thA, isake lie dekhiesavitA puNa gaMthA vardhati jIve sayaM ca dukkhati / pAvaM ca taNimittaM pariggahaM tassa se hoI // / 1162 // 547 vijayodayA TIkA -- saccittA puNa gaMthA vardhati jIve gaMthA parigrahAH dAsIdAsa - gomahiSyAdayo nanti jIvAn svayaM ca duHkhitA bhavanti / karmaNi niyujyamAnAH kRSyAdike pApaM ca svaparigRhItajIvakRtAsaMyamanimitaM tasya bhavati / arthAt -- jo dAsI dAsa gAya bhaiMsa Adi sacitta ( sajIva ) parigraha haiM, ve jIvoMkA ghAta karate haiM aura khetI Adi kAmoM meM lagAye jAnepara svayaM dukhI hote haiM / isakA pApa inake svIkAra karanevAle yA mAlikoM ko hotA hai / kyoMki mAlikoM ke nimittase hI ve jIvavadhAdi karate haiM / isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unakA svatantra vyaktitva eka taraha se thA hI nahIM, apane kiye hue pApa puNyake mAlika bhI ve svayaM nahIM the / arthAt isa tarahake bAhya parigrahoM meM jo dAsa-dAsI parigraha hai usakA artha jaisA ki Ajakala kiyA jAtA hai ' naukara naukarAnI ' nahIM, kintu gulAma

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ( Slave ) hai / isa samaya naukarakA svatantra vyaktitva hai / vaha paisA lekara kAma karatA hai, gulAma nahIM hotA / kauTilIya arthazAstra meM gulAma ke lie dAsa, aura naukarake lie karmakara zabdoM kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai / anagAradharmAmRta adhyAya 4, zloka 121 kI TIkAmeM svayaM paM0 azAdharane dAsa zabdakA artha kiyA hai - " dAsaH krayakrItaH karmakaraH I arthAt kharIdA huA kAma krnevaalaa| paM0 rAjamallajIne lATIsAhitA ke chaThe sarga meM likhA hai "" 548 dAsakarmaratA dAsI krItA vA svIkRtAsatI / tatsaMkhyA vratazuddhyarthaM kartavyA sAnatikramAt // 150 // yathA dAsI tathA dAsaH ... / arthAt - dAsa karma karanevAlI dAsiyA~, cAhe ve kharIdI huI hoM aura cAhe svIkAra kI huI, unakI saMkhyA bhI vratakI zuddhi ke lie binA atikramake niyata kara lenI cAhie | isI taraha dAsoM kI bhI.. paM0 rAjamalajIne aura bhI likhA hai devazAstragurUnnatvA bandhuvargAtmasAkSikam / patnI parigrahItA syAttadanyA ceTikA matA // arthAt -- jisake sAtha vidhipUrvaka bandhujanoM ke samakSa byAha kiyA gayA ho vaha patnI aura yaha nahIM kiyA gayA ho vaha ceTikA yA dAsI / Age aura spaSTa kiyA hai --- pANigrahaNazUnyA cecceTikA suratapriyA / lA0 saM0 184 / ceTikA bhogapatnI ca dvayorbhogAMgamAtrataH // 185 // arthAt ceTikA suratapriyA hotI hai aura vaha kevala bhogakI cIz2a hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki kAma karanevAlI dAsiyA~ kharIdI jAtI thIM aura unameM se kucha svIkAra bhI kara lI jAtI thIM / svIkRtAkA artha zAyada rakhela hai / ' parigrahItA ' zabda bhI zAyada isIkA paryAyavAcI hai - parigrahaNakI huI yA rakhI huI / yazastilakarme zrIsomadevasUrine likhA hai vadhU- vittastriyo muktvA sarvatrAnyatra tajjane / mAtA zvasA tanUjeti matirbrahma gRhAzrame // arthAt patnI aura vitta strIko chor3akara anya saba striyoMko mAtA, bahina aura beTI samajhanA gRhasthAzramakA brahmacaryANuvrata hai / vittakA artha dhana hotA hai, isalie

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chAna-bIna 1 vitta-strIse tAtparya dhanase kharIdI huI dAsI honA caahie| isakA artha vezyA bhI kiyA jAtA hai, parantu aba mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dAsI artha hI adhika upayukta hai / zabda-kozoM meM vezyAke vArayoSita, gaNikA, paNyastrI Adi nAma milate haiM, jinake artha samUhakI, bahutoM kI, yA bAjArU aurata hotA hai, para dhana- strI yA vitta-strI jaisA nAma kahIM nahIM milA / gRhastha apanI patnI aura dAsIko bhogatA huA bhI caturtha aNuvratakA pAlaka tabhI mAnA jA sakatA hai, jaba dAsI gRhasthakI jAyadAda mAnI jAtI ho / jo loga isa vratakI ukta vyAkhyApara nAka bhauMha sikor3ate haiM ve usa samayakI sAmAjika vyavasthA se anabhijJa haiM, jisameM ki ' dAsI' eka parigraha yA jAyadAda thI / avazya hI vartamAna dRSTikoNase jaba ki dAsa prathAkA astitva nahIM rahA hai aura dAsI kisIkI jAyadAda nahIM rahI hai, brahmANuvrata meM usakA grahaNa niSiddha mAnA jAnA cAhie / kauTilIya arthazAstra meM dAsa-kalpa nAmakA eka adhyAya hI hai' jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki dAsa-dAsI kharIde jAte the, giravI rakkhe jAte the aura dhana pAnepara mukta kara diye jAte the / dAsiyoMpara mAlikakA itanA adhikAra hotA thA ki vaha unameM santAna bhI utpanna kara sakatA thA aura usa dazA meM ve gulAmIse chuTTI pA jAtI thIM / dekhie 1 svAmino'syAM dAsyAM jAtaM samAtRkamadAsaM vidyAt // 32 // gRhyA cetkuTumbArthacintanI mAtA bhrAtA bhaginI cAsyAH dAsyAH syuH || 33 // - dharmasthIya tIsarA adhikaraNa arthAt -- yadi mAlika se usakI dAsI meM santAna utpanna ho jAya to vaha santAna aura usakI mAtA donoM hI dAsatAse mukta kara diye jAya~ / yadi vaha strI kuTumbArthacintana hone se grahaNa kara lI jAya, bhAryA bana jAya, to usakI mAtA, bahina aura bhAiyoM ko bhI dAsatA se mukta kara diyA jAya / ina sUtroMkI rozanI meM somadevasUrikA brahmANuvratakA vidhAna ayukta nahIM mAlUma hotA / smRti-granthoMmeM dAsoMkA varNana bahuta vistAra se kiyA gayA hai / manusmRti meM sAta prakArake dAsa batalAye haiM , 549 dhvajAhRto bhuktadAso gRhajaH krItadatrimau / pautrako daNDadAsazca saptaite dAsayonayaH // 48-15 1-dekho, paM0 udayavIra zAstrIke anuvAda sahita kauTilIya arthazAstra dvi0 bhA0, pR0 65-70 /

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550 janasAhitya aura itihAsa arthAt - dhvajAhRta ( saMgrAmameM jItA huA), bhuktadAsa ( bhojanake badale rahanevAlA), gRhaja ( dAsIputra ), krIta ( kharIdA huA), datrima ( dUsarekA diyA huA), paitrika ( purakhoMse calA AyA / aura daNDadAsa ( daNDake dhanako cukAneke lie jisane dAsatA svIkAra kI ho) ye sAta prakArake dAsa haiM / pUrvakAlameM dAsa aura zUdrakA eka hI artha thA / yadyapi sabhI zUdra dAsa nahIM hote the parantu yaha nizcaya hai ki sabhI dAsa zUdra gine jAte the| manusmRtimeM jo yaha likhA hai ki zUdrakA nijakA dhana kucha bhI nahIM hai, usakA mAlika usake dhanako khuzIse le sakatA hai, so isa zUdrakA artha dAsa hI hai| __ na hi tasyAsti kiJcitsvaM bhartRhAryadhano hi saH // 17 // -adhyAya 8 aura bhI likhA hai zUdraM tu kArayeddAsyaM krItamakrItameva vA / dAsyAyaiva hi sRSTo'sau brAhmaNasya svayaMbhuvA // -a0 8-413 arthAt-zUdra cAhe kharIdA huA ho aura cAhe vinA kharIdA, usase dAsatA karAnI cAhie / kyoMki svayaMbhu brahmAne use dAsatAke lie hI banAyA hai / yAjJavalkya smRtike TIkAkAra vijJAnezvara ( 12 vIM sadI) ne pandraha prakArake dAsa batalAye haiM jinameM Upara batalAye hue to haiM hI, unake sivAya juemeM jIte hue, apane Apa mile hue, durbhikSake samaya bacAye hue, Adi adhika haiM / ye dAsa jo kucha kamAte the usapara unake svAmIkA hI adhikAra hotA thaa| __ bhAratake sabase prAcIna grantha RgvedameM bhI dAsI-dAsoMke dAna denekA ullekha milatA hai| -( R0 8-19-16) bhar3oMca bahuta purAnA bandaragAha hai| bahuta prAcIna kAlasa yahA~se videzoMke sAtha AyAta-niryAt vyApAra hotA rahA hai / iNDiyana eNTikverIke vaoNlyUma VIII meM yUnAna Adi dezose jo jo cIjeM AtI thIM aura yahA~se jo jo cIjeM jAtI thIM unakA eka koSTaka prakAzita huA hai| usase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya sundara lar3akiyA~ bhI yahA~ videzoMse becaneke lie lAI jAtI thIM / saMskRta nATakoMmeM rAjAoMke samIpa rahanevAlI yavaniyoMkA jo varNana AtA hai, ve zAyada isI taraha kharIdakara lAI huI sundariyA~ hotI thiiN| mahAkavi kAlidAsake zakuntalA nATaka ( aMka 2) meM rAjAkA Agamana sUcita karate hue likhA hai-"eSa vANA.

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chAna-bIna 551 sanahastAbhiryavanIbhirbanapuSpamAlAdhAriNIbhiH parivRta ita evAgacchati priyavayasya / " arthAt jaMgalI phUloMkI mAlA dhAraNa karanevAlI aura hAthoMmeM dhanuSa rakhanevAlI yavaniyoMse ghirA huA rAjA idhara hI A rahA hai| bauddhoMke aMguttara nikAyameM kaumArabhRtya jIvakakI kathA hai, jo bar3A bhArI vaidya thA aura jise rAjA bimbasAra ( zroNika ) ke putra abhayakumArane pAlA-posA thaa| takSazilAse vaidya-vidyAko par3hakara aura AcArya hokara jaba yaha lauTA, to isane rAste meM sAketa ( ayodhyA ) ke nagaraseThakI bhAryAkA ilAja karake use eka kaThina rogase mukta kiyA / isase prasanna hokara svayaM seThAnIne, usake putrane, bahUne aura seThane use cAra cAra hajAra rupaye dakSiNA dI, sAtha hI seThane eka ratha, eka dAsa aura eka dAsI bheMTa kii| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki rAjA zreNikake samayameM dAsI-dAsa bhI dhana-daulatake samAna hI bheTa mehanatAne AdimeM diye jAte the| usa samaya jo jitanA bar3A AdamI hotA thA, usake utane hI adhika dAsI-dAsa hote the| therI-gAthAkI aTTha-kathA ( kAzyapa sainyAsIkI kathA ) meM pippalI mANavakake vaibhavakA varNana karate hue likhA hai usake yahA~ 12 yojanataka phaile hue kheta, 14 hAthiyoMke jhuNDa, 14 ghor3oMke jhuNDa, 14 rathoMka jhuNDa aura 14 dAsoke grAma the / ye dAsa gulAma hI the / ___ pUrvakAlameM bhAratavarSameM dAsa-vikraya hotA thA, isake apekSAkRta Adhunika pramANa bhI aneka milate haiM IsvI san 1317 meM prasiddha bhAratayAtrI ibnabatUtAne baMgAlakA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki " yahA~ tIsa gaja lambe sUtI vastra do dInArameM aura sundara dAsI eka svarNa dInArameM mila sakatI hai| maiMne svayaM eka atyanta rUpavatI 'AzorA' nAmaka dAsI isI mUlyameM tathA mere eka anuyAyIne choTI avasthAkA 'lUlU' nAmaka eka dAsa do dInArameM mola liyA thI / " eka jagaha vaha aura likhatA hai "vajIrane dasa dAsiyA~ mere liye bheja dii| gandI tathA asabhya 1 mUla vAkya prAkRtameM haiM / pAThakoMke subhIteke lie yahA~ saMskRtacchAyA hI dI hai| 2 dekho buddhacaryA pRSTha 297-307 / 3 buddhacaryA pRSTha 41-42 / 4 dekhI kAzIvidyApIThadvArA prakAzita innabatUtAkI bhAratayAtrA pR0 36 /

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa honeke kAraNa isa deza meM lUTakI dAsiyA~ khUba sastI milatI haiM / parantu jaba sIkhI sikhAI hI sastI mila jAtI haiM, taba phira aisoMko kauna le ? sAdhAraNa dAsIkA mUlya 8 TaMkase adhika na thA aura patnI banAne yogya dAsI 15 TaMkako milatI thii|" arthAt usa samaya dAsa-dAsI anya cIz2oMke hI samAna mola mila sakate the / 552 baMgalA mAsika bhAratavarSa ( varSa 11, khaNDa 2, aMka 6, pR0 847 ) meM pro0 satIzacandra mitrakA 'manuSya vikraya-patra' nAmaka eka lekha chapA hai, jisameM do dastAvejoMkI nakala dI hai / (1) prAyaH 250 varSa pahale barIsAla ke eka kAyasthane sAta choTe bar3e strI puruSoM ko ikatIsa rupaye meM becA thA / yaha dastAveja phAlguna 1319 ( baMgalA saMvat ) ke 'DhAkA - khyUi ' meM prakAzita huI hai / (2) dUsarI dastAveja 16 pauSa 1194 (baM0 saM0) disambara san 1788 kI likhI huI hai / usakA sAra yaha hai ki amIrAbAda paragane / pharIdapura - jilA ) ke goyalAgrAmanivAsI rAmanAtha cakravartIne apane padmalocana nAmaka sAta varSakI umra ke dAsako durbhikSavaza annavastra na de sakane ke kAraNa 2) paNa lekara rAjacandra sarakArako beca diyA / yaha sadaiva sevA karegA | ise apanI dAsIke sAtha byAha denA / byAhase jo santAna hogI bhArata meM bhI yahI dAsa-dAsI karma karegI / yadi yaha kabhI bhAga jAya to apanI kSamatA se pakar3avA liyA jAya / yadi mukta honA cAhe to 22 sIsA ( ? ) aura rasUna ( lazuna ? ) dekara mukta ho jAya / dastAveja likha dI ki sanada rahe / ina pramANoMse spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki pUrvakAlameM dAsa-dAsI eka tarahakI jAyadAda hI thI jo kharIdI becI jA sakatI hai / ve svayaM apane mAlika na the, isalie unakI gaNanA parigrahameM kI gaI hai / yaha saca hai ki amerikA yUropa Adi dezoMke samAna bhAratameM gulAmoMpara utane bhISaNa atyAcAra na hote the jinakA varNana par3hakara rogaTe khar3e ho jAte haiM aura jinako svAdhIna karane ke lie amerikA meM (san 1860 ) cAra pA~ca varSataka jArI rahanevAlA ' sivila vAra' huA thA / phira bhI isa bAta se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki bhAratavarSa meM bhI gulAma rakhane kI prathA thI aura unakI hAlata lagabhaga pazuoM jaisI hI thI / san 1855 meM briTiza pArlameMTane eka niyama banAkara ise baMda kiyA hai / yadyapi inake avazeSa 1 gulAmIkA paricaya prApta karane ke lie bukara TI0 vAziMgaTanakA 'AtmoddhAra ' aura miseja eca0 vI0 sTokI likhI huI 'TAmakAkAkI kuTiyA' Adi pustakeM par3hanI cAhie /

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554 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa isa samaya bhUmihAra loga apaneko ' brAhmaNa' kahate haiM; parantu dUsare loga unheM brAhmaNa nahIM mAnate / vAstavameM ve kSatriya hI haiM aura unake nAma siMhAnta hote haiM / isa vaMzameM aba bhI bahutase z2amIndAra aura rAjA haiM / 8-zUdroMke lie jinamUrtiyA~ ? prAyaH jainamandiroMke zikharoMpara aura daravAjoMkI caukhaToMpara jinamUrtiyA~ dikhalAI detI haiM / unake viSayameM kucha sajanoMne, kucha hI samayase yaha kahanA zurU kiyA hai ki ukta mUrtiyA~ zUdroM aura aspRzyoMke lie sthApita kI jAtI rahI haiM, jisase ve mandiroMmeM praveza kiye binA bAharase hI bhagavAnke darzanoMkA saubhAgya prApta kara sakeM / yaha bAta kahane sunane meM to bahuta acchI mAlUma hotI hai, parantu abhI taka isa viSayameM kisI zilpazAstra, pratiSThA-pATha yA pUjA-prakaraNakA koI pramANa upasthita nahIM kiyA gayA hai aura yaha bAta kucha samajhameM bhI nahIM AtI hai ki jo loga darzana-pUjana-pAThAdike adhikArI hI nahIM mAne jAte haiM, unake lie zikharoMpara yA dvAroMpara mUrtiyA~ jar3anekA parizrama kyoM Avazyaka samajhA gayA hogA / yadi zUdroM yA aspRzyoMko dUrase darzana karane denA hI abhISTa hotA, aura unake Ane jAnese mandiroMkA bhItarI bhAga hI apavitra honekI AzaMkA hotI, taba to mandiroM ke bAhara dIvAloMmeM yA Age khule cabUtaroMpara hI mUrtiyA~ sthApita kara dI jAtI, aura aisA prabandha kara diyA jAtA, jisase ve samIpa Aye binA dUrase hI bandanA kara lete / isake sivAya jo loga ina abhAge prANiyoMko dUrase darzana karane dene meM koI hAni nahIM samajhate haiM, unhoMne kyA kabhI yaha bhI socA hai ki dUrase darzana karanevAle ukta pratimAoMke uddezyase puSpAdi bhI to car3hA sakate haiM ? taba kyA darase kiyA huA pUjana pUjana nahIM kahalAyagA? aura kyA mandira mUrtise bhI adhika pavitra hotA hai ? merI samajhameM to zikharapara yA dvArapara jo mUrtiyA~ rahatI haiM, unakA uddezya kevala yaha prakaTa karanA hotA hai ki usa mandirameM kauna sA deva pratiSThita hai arthAt vaha kisa devatAkA mandira hai / vAstavameM vaha mukhya devakA saMkSipta cihna hotA hai jisase loga dUrase hI pahicAna jAya~ ki yaha amukakA maMdira hai| abhI maiM pUne gayA thA, vahA~ saMgamapara aise bahutase mandira dekhe, jinake dvAroMpara una mandiroMke mukhya devoM kI choTI choTI pratikRtiyA~ lagI huI haiN|

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chAna-bIna 555 isa bAtakA patA ugAnekI z2arUrata hai ki zilpazAstroMmeM tathA pratiSThApAThoMmeM bhI isake lie kucha vidhAna hai yA nahIM aura yaha paddhati kitanI purAnI hai / 9-dakSiNakI jaina jAtiyA~ dakSiNamahArASTra-jainasabhAne apane yahA~kI antarjAtiyoMko eka karane ke sambandhameM eka prastAva pAsa kiyA hai / usake anusAra pracAra karane ke lie sabhAke mahAmantrI zrIyuta kudale mahAzayane daurA karake usakI eka riporTa likhI hai / usase mAlUma huA ki dakSiNa mahArASTra aura karnATaka prAntameM (maisUra sTeTako chor3akara) jainoMkI kevala cAra jAtiyA~ haiM, (1) paMcama, (2) caturtha, (3) kAsAra bogAra aura (4) zetavAla / pahale ye cAroM jAtiyA~ eka hI thIM aura 'paMcama' kahalAtI thIM / ' paMcama' yaha nAma varNAzramI brAhmaNoMkA diyA huA jAna par3atA hai / prAcIna jainadharma janmataH varNavyavasthAkA virodhI thA, isalie usake anuyAyiyoM ko brAhmaNadharmAnuyAyI loga avahelanA aura tucchatAkI dRSTi se dekhate the aura cAturva se bAhara pA~cave varNakA arthAt 'paMcama' kahate the / jisa samaya jainadharmakA prabhAva kama huA aura use rAjAzraya nahIM rahA, usa samaya dhIre dhIre yaha nAma rUDha hone lagA aura antatogatvA svayaM jainadharmAnuyAyiyoMne bhI ise svIkAra kara liyA ! aisA jAna par3atA hai ki navI dasavIM zatAbdike lagabhaga yaha nAmakaraNa huA hogaa| isake bAda vIrazaiva yA liMgAyata sampradAyakA udaya huA aura usane ina jainoM yA paMcamoMko apane dharmameM dIkSita karanA zurU kiyaa| lAkhoM jaina liMgAyata bana gaye; parantu liMgAyata ho jAnepara bhI unake pIche pUrvokta paMcama' vizeSaNa lagA hI rahA aura isa kAraNa isa samaya bhI ve 'paMcama liMgAyata' kahalAte haiM / usa samaya taka caturtha, zetavAla Adi jAtiyA~ nahIM banI thIM, isa kAraNa jo loga jainadharma chor3akara liMgAyata hue the, ve 'paMcama liMgAyata' hI kahalAte haiM 'caturtha liMgAyata' Adi nahIM / dakSiNameM mAlagujAra yA nambaradArako pATIla kahate haiM / vahA~ke jisa gA~vameM eka pATIla liMgAyata aura dUsarA pATIla jaina hogA, athavA jisa gA~vameM liMgAyata aura jaina donoMkI bastI hogI, vahA~ liMgAyata paMcama jAtike hI Apako mileMge aura jisa gA~vameM pahale jainoMkA prAbalya thA, vahA~ke sabhI liMgAyata paMcama hoNge| aneka gA~va aise haiM, jahA~ke jaina pATIloM aura liMgAyata pATIloMmeM kucha pIr3hiyoMke pahale paraspara sUtaka taka pAlA jAtA thaa| jisa

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556 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa gA~vake jaina pATIloMmeM caturtha aura paMcama donoM bheda haiM, vahA~ke liMgAyata pATIla kevala paMcama haiM / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki liMgAyata sampradAyake janmase pahale bArahavIM zatAbdi taka sAre dAkSiNAtya jaina paMcama hI kahalAte the, caturtha Adi bheda pIcheke haiN| dakSiNake adhikAMza jaina brAhmaNa bhI-jo upAdhyAya kahalAte haiM -paMcama-jAtibhukta haiM, caturthAdi nahIM / isase bhI jAna par3atA hai ki ye bheda pIcheke haiN| ___ pahale dakSiNake tamAma jainoMmeM paraspara roTI-beTIvyavahAra hotA thA aura ve saba 'paMcama' kahalAte the / liMgAyata sampradAyakA z2ora honepara unakI saMkhyA kama ho gaI, isalie solahavIM zatAbdike lagabhaga bhaTTArakoMne apane prAntIya yA prAdezika saMgha tor3akara jAtigata saMgha banAye aura usI samaya jude jude maThoMke anuyAyiyoMko caturtha, zetavAla, bogAra athavA kAsAra nAma prApta hue / sAdhAraNa taurase khetI aura jamIndArI ( pATIlI ) karanevAle caturtha, kA~se pItalake bartana banAnevAle kAsAra yA bogAra aura kevala khetI aura silAI tathA kapar3ekA vyApAra karanevAle zetavAla kahalAne lge| ( hindImeM jinheM kaeNsere yA tamere kahate haiM, ve hI dakSiNameM kAsAra kahalAte haiM aura marAThImeM khetIkA paryAyavAcI zabda zetI yA zetakI hai, jisase ki zetavAla zabda banA hai|) aura ye saba dhadhe jisa mUla samudAyameM the aura jo purAne nAmase cipaTe rahe, ve 'paMcama' hI bane rahe / isI lie paMcoMmeM brAhmaNa kSatriya aura vaizya ina tInoM vargoMke dhaMdhe karanevAle prAyaH samAna rUpase milate haiM / kAsAroMmeM vaiSNava bhI haiM / vaiSNava 'tvaSTA kAsAra' kahalAte haiM aura jaina 'paMcama kAsAra' / ' kAsAra ' nAma pezeke kAraNa hai aura 'paMcama' nAma dharmake kAraNa / jinasena maTha ( kolhApura ) ke anuyAyiyoMko chor3akara aura kisI maTake anuyAyI caturtha nahIM kahalAte / paMcama, caturtha, zetavAla aura bogAra yA kAsAroMmeM paraspara roTI-vyavahAra abataka cAlU hai, isase bhI inakA pUrvakAlIna ekatva prakaTa hotA hai / ina sabhI jAtiyoMmeM vidhavA-punarvivAha jAyaja hai| kudale mahAzayane apanI riporTameM jo kucha likhA hai, mere zabdoMmeM yaha usIkA sAra hai / isase dakSiNakI ukta cAroM pA~coM jAtiyoMkI ekatApara bahuta kucha prakAza par3atA hai; kevala 'caturtha' nAma hI kucha a~dhere meM raha jAtA hai| svargIya paM0 kallApA bharabhApA niTavene eka bAra mujhe isa zabdakI upapatti batalAI thI, parantu

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chAna-bIna 551 kanar3I bhASAkA jJAna na honese kheda hai ki maiM use bhUla gayA / unhoMne kahA thA. ki 'caturtha' zabdane to abhI abhI hI par3he likhe logoMke vyavahArameM par3akara saMskRta rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai, parantu apar3ha logoMmeM isakA uccAraNa amuka prakArase hotA hai, jo saMskRtake ' caturtha' zabdase kucha sAmya to z2arUra rakhatA hai, parantu purAnI kanar3ImeM-jise ki loga bhUla gaye haiM-usakA artha 'kSatrI' hotA hai / svargIya paNDitajIke ukta kathanakI ora hama dakSiNake vidvAnoMkA dhyAna AkarSita karate haiM / zAyada isase 'caturtha' nAmakI santoSajanaka upapatti baiThAnemeM kucha sahAyatA mile / ___ hamArA qhayAla hai ki uttarabhAratakI jAtiyoMmeM bhI aneka jAtiyA~ aisI hoMgI jinakA mUla eka hogA aura pIche unakI hI zAkhAye svatantra jAtiyA~ bana gaI haiM / udAharaNArtha paM0 bakhatarAmajIne apane 'buddhivilAsa' nAmaka granthake 'zrAvakotpattivarNana' nAmaka prakaraNameM paravAra jAtikI aThasakhA, causakhA, chaHsakhA, dosakhA, soraThiyA, gAMgaja aura padmAvatIpuravAra ye sAta zAkhAyeM batalAI haiM / 10-vikramAditya aura khAravela suprasiddha itihAsajJa bAbU kAzIprasAdajI jAyasavAlane bihAra-ur3IsA-risarca sosAiTIke ( sitambara-disambara 1930 ) jarnalameM itihAsake kaI ulajhe hue praznoMko sulajhAyA hai aura usameM apane agAdha pANDityakA paricaya diyA hai / unameMse kucha bAteM ye haiM: zakAri vikramAditya-abhI taka adhikAMza itihAsajJoMkA mata yaha hai ki vikramasaMvatkA pravartaka vikramAditya rAjA IsvIsanse 57 varSa pahale na hokara bahuta pIche pA~cavIM chaThI zatAbdimeM huA hai / koI use guptavaMzI samudragupta batalAtA hai, koI candragupta aura koI kucha / kisI kisIke bhatase mAlavagaNa saMvat hI pIche vikramasaMvat kahalAne lagA hai| aba zrIyuta jAyasavAlajIne siddha kiyA hai ki gautamIputra sAtakarNi hI suprasiddha vikramAditya the / ye Andhrake rAjA the aura sAtakarNi, sAtavAhana aura zAlivAhana, ye isa rAjavaMzakI upAdhiyA~ thiiN| gAthA saptazatIke kI hAlane jo IsvI san 69 ke lagabhaga yA usase kucha pUrva huA hai, eka gAthAmeM vikkamAicca (vikramAditya) kI dAnazIlatAkA varNana kiyA hai| isase jAna par3atA hai ki vikramAditya usase pahale ho gaye haiM / isI samayake bRhatkathA nAmaka granthase bhI usa samayase pUrva hI vikramAdityakA honA pAyA jAtA hai|

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa vikramAditya ' zakAri ' yA zakoMko jItanevAle the / unakA sthAna ujjayinI batalAyA jAtA hai / yaha mauryakAla meM, TAlamIke kathanAnusAra caSTanake samaya meM aura harivaMza purANakarttA jinasena ke AdhArapara zuMga- kAlameM bhI pazcimI bhArata kI rAjadhAnI thI / pro0 rApasanane RSabhadatta aura gautamIputra ke zilAlekhoM aura nahapAnake sikkoM ke AdhArapara siddha kiyA hai ki nahapAnako gautamIputrane jIta liyA thA aura isa prakAra sArA mAlavA ujjayinI aura avantIsahita zakoMse mukta ho gayA thA / nahapAna zaka thI / Avazyaka sUtra aura usakI TIkA Adi jainagranthoMse jAna par3atA hai ki zAlivAhana rAjAne nahavAna ( nahavAna ) kI rAjadhAnI kaI car3hAiyoM ke pazcAt jIta lI aura nahavAna antima ghere meM mArA gayA / yaha zAlivAhana gautamI putra zAtakarNi hI thA / isakA samaya IsvI san pUrva 100-44 hai / isake abhiSeka ke 18 veM varSameM yaha yuddha huA thA / sopapattipUrvaka samajhane ke lie pUrA lekha par3hanA cAhie | 558 khAravela aura gardabhilla - jAyasavAla mahAzaya ne yaha bhI siddha kiyA hai ki ur3IsA ke jaina samrAT mahAmeghavAhana khAkhelakI santatimeM jo sAta rAjA hue haiM, ve gardabhilla kahalAte the / khAkhela aura gaIbhilla eka hI haiN| khAkhelase kharavela huA, khara aura gardabha paryAyavAcI eka hI artha ke zabda haiM / isa taraha khAravelase gardabhila zabda bana gayA~ | ujjainakA gardabhilla rAjA jisakA ullekha kAlikAcArya ke kathAnaka meM hai, ukta rAjAoM meM antima thA / 1 triloka-prApti vIranirvANa-kAla-gaNanA batalAte hue jisa naravAhanakA 40 varSa rAjya karanA likhA hai, vaha zAyada yahI hai / isake bAda ' bhacaMdhANa' kA 242 varSa rAjya batalAyA hai, jo hamArI samajhameM 'atyAntrANAM' kA apabhraMza hai / gautamIputra isa AndhravaMzakA hI hogA / 2 trilokaprajJaptirme puSyamitra aura agnimitra rAjAoMke bAda 100 varSa taka 'gaMdhavvANaM' ( gandharva rAjAoM) kA rAjya batalAyA hai / saMskRta harivaMzapurANake karttAne trilokaprAptike hI AdhArase apanI kAla-gaNanA likhI hai / unhoMne zAyada ' gaMdha vANaM ' ko ' gaddabhANaM par3hakara saMskRtarbhe ' gardabhAnAM samajhA aura usakA paryAyavAcI zabda rAsabhAnAM arthAt rAsabha rAjA likha diyA hai / kyA gandharva, gardabha, yA rAsabha ukta khAravela yA kharakhelake hI vaMzake rAjA nahIM ho sakate ? , , ,

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chAna-bIna 559 11-yajJopavIta aura jainadharma upanayana yA yajJopavIta dhAraNa solaha saMskAroMmeMse eka mukhya saMskAra hai / isa zabdakA artha samIpa lenA hai |--up-smiip, nayana lenaa| AcArya yA guzke nikaTa vedAdhyayanake lie lar3akeko lenA athavA brahmacaryAzramameM praveza karAnA hI upanayana hai| isa saMskArake cihnasvarUpa lar3akekI kamarameM pU~jakI DorI bA~dhaneko maujIbandhana aura galemeM sUtake tIna dhAge DAlaneko upavIta, yajJopavIta yA janeU kahate haiM-yajJena saMskRtaM upavItaM yajJopavItam / yaha eka zuddha vaidika kriyA yA AcAra hai aura aba bhI varNAzrama dharmake pAlana karanevAloMmeM cAlU hai, yadyapi aba gurugRhagamana aura vedAdhyayana Adi kucha bhI nahIM raha gayA hai| yajJopavIta nAmase hI prakaTa hotA hai ki yaha jaina kriyA nahIM hai| parantu bhagavajinasenane apane AdipurANameM zrAvakoM ko bhI yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanekI AjJA dI hai aura tadanumAra dakSiNa tathA karnATakake jaina gRhasthoM meM janeU pahanA bhI jAtA hai| idhara kucha samayase unakI dekhAdekhI uttara bhAratake jainI bhI janeU dhAraNa karane lage haiN| parantu hamArI samajhameM yaha kriyA prAcIna nahIM hai, saMbhavataH navIM dasavIM zatAbdi ke lagabhaga yA usake bAda hI ise apanAyA gayA hai aura zAyada AdipurANa hI sabase pahalA grantha hai jisane yajJopavItako bhI jainadharmameM sthAna diyA hai / isake pahalekA aura koI bhI aisA grantha abataka upalabdha nahIM huA hai jisameM yajJopavIta dhAraNa Avazyaka batalAyA ho| upalabdha zrAvakAcAroMmeM sabase prAcIna svAmI samantabhadrakA ratnakaraNDa hai, para usameM yajJopavItakI koI bhI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| anyAnya zrAvakAcAra AdipurANake pIcheke aura usIkA anudhAvana karanevAle haiM ataeva isa viSayameM unakI carcA vyartha hai / 1 AcArya raviSeNakA padmapurANa AdipurANase koI Der3a sau varSa pahalekA hai| usake cauthe parvakA yaha zloka dekhie varNatrayasya bhagavan saMbhavo me tvayoditaH / utpattiH sUtrakaNThAnAM jJAtumicchAmi sAmpratam / / 87 arthAt rAjA zreNika gautama svAmIse kahate haiM ki bhagavan , Apane kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina tIna vargoM kI utpatti to batalA dI, para aba maiM sUtra-kaMThoMkI (galemeM sUta laTakAnevAle brAhmaNoMkI) utpatti jAnanA cAhatA huuN|

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560 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vikramakI pahalI zatAbdike bane hue prAkRta paumacariyameM bhI ThIka isI AzayakI eka gAthA hai-. vaNANasamuppattI tiNhaM pi suyA mae aparisesA / yatto kaheha bhayavaM uppattI suttakaMThANaM // 65 ina donoM padyoMkA 'sUtrakaNTha' yA 'suttakaMTha' zabda dhyAna dene yogya hai jo brAhmaNoM ke lie prayukta kiyA gayA hai / yaha zabda brAhmaNoM aura unake janeUke prati Adara yA zraddhA prakaTa karanevAlA to kadApi nahIM hai, isase to eka prakArakI tucchatA yA avahelA hI prakaTa hotI hai / granthakartA AcAryoMke bhAva yadi yajJopavItake prati acche hote, to ve isake badale kisI acche upayukta zabdakA prayoga karate / isase anumAna hotA hai ki jaba paumacariya aura padmapurANa likhe gaye the, taba jainadharmameM yajJopavItako sthAna nahIM milA thaa| 2 yadi janeU dhAraNa karanekI prathA prAcIna hotI to uttara bhArata aura gujarAta AdimeM isakA thor3A bahuta pracAra kisI na kisI rUpameM avazya rahatA, usakA sarvathA lopa na ho jAtA / hama loga purAne rIti ravAjoMkI rakSA karanemeM itane kaTTara haiM ki binA kisI bar3e bhArI AghAtake unheM nahIM chor3a skte| yaha ho sakatA hai ki una rIti-ravAjoMkA kucha rUpAntara ho jAya parantu sarvathA lopa honA kaThina hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki uttara bhArata aura gujarAta AdimeM isakA pracAra huA hI nahIM aura zAyada AdipurANakA pracAra ho cukanepara bhI yahA~ke logone isa naI prathAkA svAgata nahIM kiyaa| abase lagabhaga tIna-sau varSa pahale AgaremeM paM0 banArasIdAsajI eka bar3e bhArI vidvAn ho gaye haiM jinake nATaka-sAmayasAra aura banArasI-vilAsa nAmaka grantha prasiddha haiN| unhoMne 'arddha-kathAnaka ' nAmakI eka padyabaddha AtmakathA likhI hai, jisameM unakI 52 varSa takakI mukhya mukhya jIvana-ghaTanAyeM lipibaddha haiM / eka bAra banArasIdAsajI apane eka mitra aura sasurake sAtha eka coroMke gA~vameM pahu~ca gaye / vahA~ rakSAkA aura koI upAya na dekhakara unhoMne usI samaya dhAgA ba~Takara janeU pahina liye aura brAhmaNa bana gaye ! sUta kAdi DorA baTyau, kie janeU cAri / pahire tIni tihU~ jane, rAkhyo eka ubAri //

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chAnabIna 561 mATI lInI bhUmisoM, pAnI lInoM tAla / bipra bheSa tInoM baneM, TIkA kInoM bhAla / / isa upAyase ve baca gaye, coroMke sardArane brAhmaNa mAnakara unheM chor3a hI na diyA, abhyarthanA bhI kI aura eka sAthI dekara Age taka pahuMcA diyaa| __banArasIdAsajI jainadharmake bar3e marmajJa the / yadi unheM isa kriyApara zraddhA hotI, to ve avazya hI janeUdhArI hote / isase patA calatA hai ki usa samaya Agare Adike jainI janeU nahIM pahinate the / 3 padmapurANa Adi kathA-granthoMmeM jina jina mahApuruSoMke carita likhe gaye haiM, unameM kahIM bhI aisA nahIM likhA ki unakA yajJopavIta-saMskAra huA yA unheM janeU pahinAyA gayA, jaba ki unakI vidyArambha, vivAha Adi kriyAoMkA varNana kiyA gayA hai / kaI mahA puruSoMne aneka prasaMgoMpara jinendradevakI pUjA kI hai, vahA~ aneka vastrAbhUSaNoMkA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai, para janeUkA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai| 4 zvetAmbara sampradAyake sAhityameM bhI yajJopavIta-kriyAkA vidhAna nahIM hai| zrIvarddhamAnasUrike 'AcAra-dinakara' nAmake eka zvetAmbara granthameM jinopavItakA varNana hai, parantu vaha bahuta pIchekA, vi0 saM0 1500 ke lagabhagakA, grantha hai aura saMbhavataH digambara sampradAyake AdipurANake anukaraNapara hI banAyA gayA hai / zvetAmbara samAjameM janeU pahananekA rivAja bhI nahIM hai / pahalekA bhI koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| saMsArakA koI bhI dharma, sampradAya yA pantha apane samayake aura paristhitiyoMke prabhAvase nahIM baca sktaa| usake par3osI dhamAkA kucha na kucha prabhAva usapara avazya par3atA hai / vaha unake bahutase AcAroMko apane DhaMgase apanA banA letA hai aura isI prakAra usake bhI bahutase AcAroMko par3osI dharma grahaNa kara lete haiN| jainadharmakI ahiMsAkA yadi anya vaiSNava Adi sampradAyoMpara prabhAva par3A hai-use unhoMne samadhika rUpameM grahaNa kara liyA hai, to yaha asaMbhava nahIM hai ki jaina dharmane bhI unake bahutase AcAroMko le liyA ho, avazya hI jainadharmake mUla tattvoMke sAtha sAmaMjasya karake / mUlatattvoMke sAtha vaha sAmaMjasya kisa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai, isake samajhaneke lie AdipurANakA 40 vA~ parva dekhanA cAhie jahA~ vaidika granthoMke samAna amikI pUjA vihita batalAI gaI hai| 38

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa na svato'gneH pavitratvaM devatAbhUtameva vA / kintvahaddivyamUrtIjyAsambandhAtpAvano'nalaH // 88 // tataH pUjAGgatAmasya matvAnti dvijottamAH / nirvANakSetrapUjAvattatpUjA to na dUSyati // 89 // vyavahAranayApekSA tasyeSTA pUjyatA dvijaiH / jainaradhyavahAryo'yaM nayo'dyatve'grajanmabhiH / 90 // arthAt agnimeM na svayaM koI pavitratA hai aura na devapanA; parantu arhata bhagavAnakI divyamUrtikI pUjAke sambandhase vaha pavitra ho jAtA hai / isalie dvijottama arthAt jaina brAhmaNa agniko pUjAke yogya mAnakara pUjate haiM aura nirvANakSetroMkI pUjAke samAna isa agnipUjAmeM koI doSa bhI nahIM hai / vyavahAranayakI apekSA usakI ( amikI ) pUjA dvijoMke lie iSTa hai aura Ajakala agrajanmoM yA jaina brAhmaNoMko yaha vyavahAranaya vyavahArameM lAnA caahie| isase sApha mAlUma hotA hai ki vaidika dharmakI AhavanIya, gArhapatya aura dakSiNa agniyoMkI pUjAko hI kucha parivartita rUpameM jainadharmameM sthAna diyA gayA hai, para isake sAtha hI jaina dharmakI mUla bhAvanAoMkI rakSA kara lI gaI hai| uparyukta zlokoMke 'adyatve ' ( Ajakala yA vartamAna samayameM ) aura 'vyavahAranayopakSA' zabda dhyAna dene yogya haiM / inase dhvanita hotA hai ki yaha amipUjA pahale nahIM thI, parantu AcArya apane samayake lie use Avazyaka batalAte haiM aura vyavahAra nayase kahate haiM ki isameM koI doSa nahIM hai| AcArya somadevane apane yazAstilakameM likhA hai yatra samyaktvahAnirna yatra na vratadUpaNam / sarvameva hi jainAnAM pramANa laukiko vidhiH / arthAt ve sabhI laukika vidhiyA~ yA kriyAyeM jainoMke lie mAnya haiM jinameM samyaktvakI hAni na hotI ho aura vratoMmeM koI doSa na lagatA ho / isa sUtrake anusAra hI agnipUjA aura yajJopavItakI vidhiyoMko jainadharmameM sthAna mila sakatA hai| 12-jainadharma anIzvaravAdI hai saMsArameM sabase adhika saMkhyA IzvaravAdiyoMkI haiN| vartamAna dRSTa saMsArake lagabhaga DhAI araba manuSyoM meM aise hI loga adhika haiM jo isa sRSTikA kartA hartA

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chAnabIna 563 vidhAtA eka adRzya zakti vizeSako mAnate haiM aura vahI Izvara, khudA yA gaoNDa Adi nAmoMse abhihita hotA hai / hindU, IrANI, yahUdI, IsAI Adi sabhI dharma Izvarake upAsaka haiM aura inhIMke anuyAyiyoMkI saMkhyA sabase adhika hai| jIte jAgate bace khuce dharmoM meM jaina aura bauddha ye do hI dharma aise haiM jo vAstavameM anIzvaravAdI haiM, arthAt kisI Izvara vizeSake astitvako svIkAra nahIM karate aura isa bhAratavarSa meM to kevala jainadharma hI anIzvaravAdake astitvako TikAye hue hai / bauddha dharma yahA~ nAma mAtrako hai / jo kucha hai yahA~se bAhara cIna, japAna, sayAma Adi dezoMmeM hai / jaina aura bauddha dharma isa anIzvaravAdake kAraNa hI ' nAstika' kahalAte haiM / yadyapi bahutase vidvAnoMke matase jo loga paralokako nahIM mAnate haiM, ve hI 'nAstika' kahe jAne cAhie aura isa dRSTise jainadharma isa nAstikatAse mukta ho jAtA hai, paraMtu nAstikatAkA pracalita artha IzvarakA na mAnanA hI hai / sarva sAdhAraNa loga isa zabdako isI arthameM vyavahata karate haiM, isa kAraNa yaha kahanA asaMgata nahIM ki jainadharma anIzvaravAdI bhI hai aura nAstika bhI hai| paraMtu Ajakalake jainadharmAnuyAyI apaneko 'nAstika' nahIM kahalAnA cAhate / ise ve eka apamAnajanaka zabda samajhate haiM aura isa kAraNa unake vyAkhyAnoM aura lekhoMmeM isa viSayakA akasara prativAda dekhA jAtA hai / ve bar3I bar3I yuktiyA~ dekara siddha kiyA karate haiM ki jainadharma nAstika nahIM hai vaha Astika hai / kucha samaya pahale to isa viSayakI carcA aura bhI joroMpara thii| paraMtu hamArI samajhameM yadi loga ' nAstika ' kahanese Izvarako na mAnanevAlA hI samajhate haiM, athavA ' nAstiko vedanindakaH ' isa vAkyake anusAra vedoMko na mAnanevAlA ' nAstika' pada-vAcya hai, to jainoMko 'nAstika' kahanese cir3hanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, varan ise usI prakAra apanA gaurava bar3hAnevAlA samajhanA cAhie jisa taraha ve apane anya ' syAdvAda ' Adi mukhya siddhAntoMko samajhate haiN| bahutase jainadharmAnuyAyiyoMko 'nAstika' ke samAna 'anIzvaravAdI' bananA bhI nApasanda hai / ve isa kalaMka (?) ke TIkeko bhI apane mastakameM nahIM lagAye rakhanA cAhate / isa TIkeko poMcha DAlanekA-kamase kama phIkA kara DAlanekAprayatna abhI hI nahIM, bahuta samayase ho rahA hai / isa prayatnameM thor3I bahuta

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jainasAhitya aura itihAsa saphalatA bhI huI hai / sarvasAdhAraNa loga yaha samajhane lage haiM ki jainI bhI Izvarako mAnate haiM aura maMdiroMmeM hamAre hI samAna usakI mUrtiyA~ bhI sthApita karake pUjate haiM, sirpha itanA antara hai ki ve apane Izvarako 'mahAvIra' 'pArzvanAtha' ' neminAtha ' 'jinadeva' Adi nAmoMse pukArate haiM / paraMtu vAstavameM jainadharma anIzvaravAdI hai aura yaha usakI asthimajjAgata prakRti hai| vaha na chupAyese chupa sakatI hai aura na badalanese badalI jA sakatI hai / jaba taka jainadharma aura jaina-vijJAnakA AmUla parivartana na kara diyA jAya, taba taka isameMse anIzvaravAda pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jinhoMne saMsArake vividha dharmoke itihAsakA adhyayana kiyA hai ve jAnate haiM ki pratyeka dharmapara usake par3osI dharmoMkA, pratyakSa aura apratyakSa kisI na kisI rUpameM kucha na kucha prabhAva avazya par3A hai aura jisa dharmake anuyAyiyoMkI saMkhyA kama ho jAtI hai athavA jisakA pracAra kama ho jAtA hai, usapara to dUsare balavAn aura dezavyApaka dharmoMkA prabhAva bahuta hI adhika par3atA hai| unake prabhAvoMse prabhAvAnvita hue binA vaha raha hI nahIM sktaa| jisa samaya bauddha aura jainadharmakA prabhAva dezavyApI ho rahA thA, unake ahiMsAmUlaka upadezoMke prati-jana sAdhAraNakA bahuta hI adhika jhukAva ho rahA thA, usa samaya hindUdharmapara ina donoM hI dharmoMkA bahuta bar3A prabhAva par3A thA aura usakA phala yaha huA thA ki hindUdharmameMse 'vaidikI hiMsA' kI vidhiyA~ nikAla dI gaI yA parivartita kara dI gaI aura dUsarI saikar3oM bAtoM meM saMzodhana parivartana kiyA gayA / isa viSayameM kisI kisI vidvAnkI to yahA~taka sammati hai ki vartamAna hindU dharma prAcIna hindU dharmakA mUla svarUpa nahIM kintu saMskRta ( saMskAra kiyA huA ) svarUpa hai aura usake aMga pratyaMgoMmeM bauddha-jaina-dhoMke prabhAvake cihna suspaSTarUpase dRSTigocara hote haiM / isI prakAra jaba jainadharmakA hrAsa huA aura hindUdharmakA prabhAva phira bar3hA, taba svayaM use bhI hindUdharmake prabhAvase prabhAvAnvita honA pdd'aa| 20-25 karer3a hinduoMke bIcameM 10-15 lAkha jainadharmAnuyAyI raheM aura unapara unakA prabhAva na par3e, yaha saMbhava nahIM / jainadharmane jisa prakAra hindUdharmako kucha diyA thA, usI prakAra usase kucha liyA bhii| brAhmaNadharmase jainadharmane kyA kyA liyA hai, isakA vivecana karanekI yahA~ jarUrata nahIM, yahA~ kevala anIzvaravAdakA prasaMga haiM / ataeva isake sambandhameM itanA hI

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chAna-bIna kahanA paryApta hogA ki hindUdharmake prabhAvase jainoMne apane anIzvaravAdapara aisA mulammA car3hA diyA hai, ki vaha sAdhAraNa dRSTise dekhanevAloMko IzvaravAda jaisA hI pratIta hotA hai / kevala vizeSajJa hI yaha jAna sakate haiM ki jainadharmameM vastutaH Izvarake lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| Izvara zabdake vAstavika artha haiM, aizvaryazAlI, vaibhavazAlI, zaktizAlI, svAmI, adhikArI, kartRtvavAn Adi / iha lokameM jo darjA svataMtra samrATa yA mahArAjAkA hai, vahI paralokameM Izvara yA paramezvarakA hai| paraMtu jainadharma ihaloka yA paralokameM isa prakArake kisI sattAdhIzako mAnanese sarvathA iMkAra karatA hai| usakA Izvara kisI sAmrAjyakA svecchAcArI zAsaka to kyA hogA, kisI prajAtaMtra dezakA presIDeNTa bhI nahIM / vaha eka Izvarako bhI to nahIM mAnatA hai| usake yahA~ yadi Izvara hai to vaha eka nahIM, lAkhoM karor3oM asaMkhya anaMtakI saMkhyA meM hai / arthAt jainamatAnusAra itane Izvara haiM ki unakI ginatI nahIM ho sakatI aura Age bhI ve barAbara isI anaMta saMkhyAmeM anaMta kAlataka hote raheMge, kyoMki jainasiddhAntake anusAra pratyeka AtmA apanI apanI svataMtra mattAko liye hue mukta ho sakatA hai| Aja taka aise anaMta AtmA mukta ho cuke haiM aura Age bhI hote raheMge / ye mukta jIva hI jainadharmake Izvara haiM / inhImeMse kucha muktAtmAoMko jinhoMne mukta honeke pahale saMsArako muktikA mArga batalAyA thA jainadharma tIrthakara mAnatA hai / jainadharmake ye muktAtmA yA Izvara saMsArase koI sambandha nahIM rakhate / na sRSTisaMcAlana kAryameM unakA koI hAtha hai, na ve kisIkA bhalA burA kara sakate haiM, na kisIpara kabhI prasanna hote haiM aura na aprasanna / na unake pAsa koI aisI sAMsArika vastu hai jise aizvarya, vaibhava yA adhikArake nAmase pukArA jA sake / na ye kisIkA nyAya karate haiM, aura na kisIke aparAdhoMkI jA~ca / jainasiddhAntake anusAra jIva svayaM hI sukha-dukha pAte haiN| aisI dazA muktAtmA IzvaroMko ina saba jhaMjhaToMmeM par3anekI jarUrata bhI nahIM hai| garaja yaha hai ki jainadharmameM mAne hue muktAtmAoMkA usa Izvaratvase koI sambandha nahIM hai jise ki sarvasAdhAraNa loga saMsArake kartA hA vidhAtA IzvarameM kalpanA kiyA karate haiM / usa IzvaratvakA to ulTA jainadharmake tarka-granthoM meM khUba joroMke sAtha khaNDana kiyA gayA hai aura isa tarahakI prabala yuktiyoM ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai ki use par3hakara bar3e se bar3e IzvaravAdiyoMkI bhI zraddhA DagamagAne lagatI

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jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa 566 hai / ukta granthoMke adhyayana se yaha bAta acchI taraha samajha meM A jAtI hai ki jainadharma vAstava meM anIzvaravAdI hI hai, IzvaravAdI nahIM / * isa Izvarake na mAnanekA jainadharmake mUla siddhAntoMse itanA ghaniSTha aura avicchedya sambandha hai ki yadi yaha nikAla diyA jAya, aura dUsare dharmoMke samAna eka sRSTikartA Izvara mAna liyA jAya, to jaina vijJAnakI sArI hI imArata dharAzAyI ho jAya / aisI dazA meM jainadharmameMse ' anIzvaravAda ' kA sarvathA alaga kiyA jAnA to asaMbhava thA, adhika se adhika usakA gaharA raMga kucha phIkA kiyA jA sakatA thA aura anya IzvaravAdiyoMke prabhAvane yahI kiyA / jainAne apane mUla anIzvaravAdako siddhAnta-granthoM meM to surakSita rakkhA, parantu usake bAharI rUpameM yathAsAdhya parivartana kara DAlA / eka bAta aura hai / sarvasAdhAraNa loga gaharI saiddhAntika bAtoMko nahIM samajhate / dharmake asalI tattvoMse ve prAyaH anabhijJa rahate haiM / tattvoM ke samajhane samajhAnekA bhAra bahuzruta dharmaguruoM para hI prAyaH nyasta rahatA hai / ve svayaM jo dharmakI UparI bAtoMko kriyAkANDa Adiko hI dharma samajhate aura mAnate haiM / aisI dazA meM yaha saMbhava nahIM ki jainadharma ke sarvasAdhAraNa upAsaka - ve upAsaka ki jinake AsapAsa unase saikar3oM guNe Izvarako mAnane- pUjanevAle ajaina rahate haiM, binA Izvarake raha jAyeM | jainadharma meM cAhe Izvara ho yA na ho, para unakA kAma Izvarake binA kaise calatA ? ataeva unake lie anIzvaravAdI hote hue bhI jainadharmane IzvaravAdako utanA sthAna de diyA jitanA ki mUla siddhAntoMkI rakSA karate hue diyA jA sakatA hai| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki jainadharma meM mUrtipUjA bahuta prAcIna samaya se pracalita hai, parantu isa rUpameM nahIM jisameM ki isa samaya dikhalAI detI haiM / mUrtiyoM kA paMcAmRta abhiSeka, unakA AhvAna, sthApana, sannidhIkaraNa, aSTadravyase pUjana, visarjana, arahaMta-siddhakA jApa, mUrtiyoM kA pratiSThA - vidhAna Adi kriyAoMpara hidUndharmake kriyAkANDakA aura IzvaravAdakA raMga car3hA huA dikhalAI detA hai / jaina stAtroM aura stanoMpara kahIM kahIM yaha raMga itanA gaharA hai ki ve nAma mAtrake parivartana se IzvaravAdiyoM ke stotroM kI paMkti meM nirbhaya hokara rakkhe jA sakate haiM / pichale jainasAhitya meM to kahIM kahIM bhakti-gaMgA aisI tejI se bahIM hai ki usake pravAha meM becAre anIzvaravAdake astitvakI kalpanA bhI nahIM hotI / eka bhakta kahate haiM ---

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chAna-bIna 567 " svAmI, jaise bane taise tAro, merI karanI kachu na vicaaro|" yaha IzvaravAda nahIM to aura kyA hai ? paurANika lekhakoMne isa viSayakI ora aura bhI adhika dhyAna diyA hai / unhoMne apanI kavi-sulabha kalpanAoMse jainadharmake upAsakoM ke lie prAyaH ve sabhI mAnatAyeM sulabha kara denekA prayatna kiyA hai jo anya IzvaravAdiyoMmeM pracalita haiM / ve kahate haiM ki bhagavAna RSabhadeva sRSTikartA brahmA hai kyoMki unhoMne brAhmaNa kSatriya Adi vargoM ko utpanna kiyA thA, unake mukhase caturanuyogarUpa cAra veda utpanna hue / ve sRSTi ke rakSaka the, isalie viSNu kahalAye, viSNuke samAna unake bhI sahasra nAma haiM, ve kalyANake karanevAle haiM ataeva zaMkara bhI haiM / isa prakArakI aura bhI saikar3oM bAteM haiN| ___ aura jainadharmake vartamAna anuyAyiyoMpara to IzvaravAdakA raMga betaraha car3hA huA hai| unameM 100 meMse lagabhaga 90 manuSya aise hoMge jo auroMke sammAna jina bhagavAnako hI sukha-dukha denevAle samajhate haiM, unhIMkA nAma japA karate haiM, unhIMkI saugandha khAte haiM aura kahate haiM ki hamArA amuka kAma siddha ho jAyagA to hama bhagavAnakA amuka utsava kareMge / zikharajI yA giranArajIkI yAtrA kareMge, athavA mandira banavA deNge| garaja yaha ki ye loga pUre IzvaravAdI bana rahe haiN| antara kevala yahI hai ki inake bhagavAna zrIkRSNa, rAmacandra, ziva Adi na hokara RSabhadeva, pArzvanAtha Adi haiM / yaha saba unake par3osake dharmoM kA hI prabhAva hai| ___ garaja yaha ki vartamAna jainadharmapara jo kucha IzvaravAdakI chAyA dikhAI detI hai vaha svayaM usakI apanI vastu nahIM hai, kintu dUsaroMke prabhAvase utpanna huI hai| vAstavameM jainadharma anIzvaravAdI hai aura dharmoM ke itihAsameM yahI usakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA tathA mahattA hai / gatAnugatikatAke pravAhameM na bahakara, yukti aura pramANoMse asiddha Izvarako mAnanese spaSTa iMkAra kara denA koI sAdhAraNa bAta nahIM /

Page #596
pariziSTa [ lekhoM ke chapa cukanepara kucha naI bAteM mAlUma huI haiM, jo yahA~ kramazaH de dI jAtA haiN| lokavibhAga aura tiloyapaNNatti ( pR0 1-22 ) 1-nAgahasti aura AryamaMkSu guNadharake sAkSAt ziSya nahIM the AcArya indranandine apane zrutAvatArake 152-54 padyoMmeM spaSTa likhA hai ki guNadhara AcAryane apane kaSAya-prAbhRtako nAgahasti aura AryamaMkSuke lie pandraha mahA adhikAroMmeM vibhAjita karake vyAkhyAna kiyA / arthAt unake kathanAnusAra nAgahasti aura AryabhakSukA guNadhara AcAryase sAkSAt paricaya thA aura yativRSabha unake sAkSAt ziSya the / parantu jayadhavalA TIkAmeM eka jagaha batalAyA hai ki nAgahasti aura AryakSuko guNadhara AcAryase sAkSAtmeM nahIM kintu paramparAse kaSAya-prAbhRtakA jJAna prApta huaa| ataeva yahA~ usakA ullekha kara denA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai.__" vaDDamANajiziMde NivvANaM gade puNo 683 ettiesu vAsesu aikaMtesu edamhi bharahakhette savve AiriyA savvesimaMgapuvvANamegadesadhArayA jAdA / tado aMgapuvvANamegadeso ceva AiriyaparaMparAe AgaMtUNa guNaharAiriyaM saMpattaM / puNo teNa guNaharabhaDAraeNa NANapavAda-paMcamapuvva-dasamavatthu-tadiyakasAyapAhuDamaNNavapAraeNa gaMthavocchedabhaeNa vacchalaparavasikayAheyaeNa evaM pejjadosapAhuDaM solasapadasahassaparimANaM hotaM asIdimadamettagAhAhiM uvasaMhAridaM / puNo tAo ceva suttagAhAo AiriyaparaMparAe AgacchamANAo ajjamakhu-NAgahatthINa pttaaaa| puNo tesiM doNhaM pi pAdamUle asIdisadagAhANaM guNaharamuhakamalaviNiggayANamatthaM samma soUNa jayivasahabhaDAraeNa pavayaNavacchaleNa cuNNisuttaM kayaM / " rekhAMkita vAkyakA zabdArtha yaha hai ki phira ve hI sUtra-gAthAyeM jo AcArya paramparAse calI AI thIM Arya maMkhu aura nAgahastiko prApta huI /

Page #597
pariziSTa 569 2 nandisUtra meM Arya maMgu aura nAgahastikA mallekha bhaNagaM karagaM jharagaM pamAvagaM NANadaMsaNaguNANaM / vaMdAmi ajjamaMguM suyasAgarapAragaM dhIraM // 28 // NANaMmi daMsaNaMmi a tavaviNae NiccakAlamujjuttaM / ajjaM NadilakhamaNaM sirasA vaMde pasannamaNaM // 29 / / vau vAyagavaMso jasavaMto ajjaNAgahatthINaM / vAgaraNakaraNabhaMgiya kammapayaDIpahAANaM // 30 // ina gAthAoMmeM Arya maMgu, nandilakSamaNa aura Arya nAgahastiko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai / maMgu aura maMkSu eka hI haiM / ye gAthAyeM paM0 phUlacandrajI zAstrIne talAza karake bhejanekI kRpA kI hai| 3 lokavibhAgakA ullekha tiloyapaNNattimeM lekhameM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki kundakundake niyamasArameM loka-vibhAgakA jo ullekha hai vaha sarvanandi munike za0 saM0 380 meM likhe hue loyavibhAga nAmaka prAkRta granthakA honA cAhie aura isalie niyamasArake kartA za0 saM0 380 ke bAdake jAna par3ate haiM / ukta lekhake chapa cukanepara paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtArake " zrIkundakunda aura yativRSabhameM pUrvavartI kauna ?" zIrSaka lekhapara merI dRSTi gii| usameM unhoMne batalAyA hai ki yativRSabhakI tiloyapaNyattimeM bhI lokavibhAgakA do jagaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai --- jalasihare vikkhaMbho jalaNihiNo jAyaNA dasasahassA / evaM saMgAiNie loyavibhAe viNididaM / a0 4 loyaviNicchayagaMthe lAyavibhAgammi savvasiddhANaM / ogAhaNaparimANaM bhaNidaM kiMcaNa crimdehsmo| a0 9 isase bhI yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki yativRSabhake sAmane lokavibhAga grantha maujUda thA aura saMbhavata vaha sarvanandikA hI hogaa| cUMki yativRSabhakA samaya za0 saM0 400 ke lagabhaga hai, isa lie ve apanese lagabhaga 20 varSa pahaleke granthakA ullekha avazya kara sakate haiM / isI taraha yadi kundakunda bhI yativRSabhake samakAlIna ho jisakI ki saMbhAvanA batalAI gaI hai to unakA bhI abhiprAya ukta lokavibhAgase hI ho sakatA hai| lokavibhAgameM caturgatajIva-bhedoMkA yA tiryaMcoM aura devoMke caudaha aura cAra bhedoMkA vistAra nahIM hai, yaha kahanA bhI

Page #598
570 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa vicAraNIya hai| usake chaThe adhyAyakA nAma hI tiryaklokavibhAga hai aura caturvidha devoMkA varNana bhI hai| __'loyavibhAgesu NAdavvaM' pAThapara jo yaha Apatti kI gaI hai ki vaha bahuvacanAnta pada hai, isalie kisI lokavibhAga nAmaka eka grantha ke lie prayukta nahIM ho sakatA, so isakA eka samAdhAna yaha ho sakatA hai ki pAThako ' loyavibhAge suNAdavvaM' isa prakAra par3hanA cAhie / 'su' ko 'NAdavvaM' ke sAtha milA denese ekavacanAnta 'loyavibhAge' hI raha jAyagA aura agalI kriyA suNAdavvaM ( sujJAtavyaM ) ho jaaygii| padmaprabhane bhI zAyada isI lie usakA artha 'loka-vibhAgAbhidhAnaparamAgame' kiyA hai| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki sarvanandikA prAkRta lokavibhAga bar3A hogaa| siMhasUrine usakA saMkSepa kiyA hai| 'vyAkhyAsyAmi samAsena' padase ve isa bAtako spaSTa karate haiM / isake sivAya Aga 'zAstrasya saMgrahastvidaM' se bhI yahI dhvanita hotA hai - saMgrahakA bhI eka artha saMkSepa hotA hai / jaise gommaTasaMggahasutta Adi / isalie yadi saMskRta lokavibhAgameM tiryaMcoMke 14 bhedoMkA vistAra nahIM hai, to isase yaha bhI to kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha mUla prAkRta granthameM rahA hogA, saMskRtameM saMkSepa karaneke kAraNa nahIM likhA gayA / 4-loka-vibhAgake adhyAyoMke nAma kucha galata chapa gaye haiN| AThavA~ adhyAya adholoka, navA~ madhyaloka vyantaraloka, dasavA~ svargaloka aura gyArahavA~ mokSa hai| yApanIya sAhityakI khoja (pR0 41-60 ) 1---vijayodayA TIkAke pR0 2 para nIce likhI gAthA uddhRta kI gaI hai dhammo maMgalamukviDa ahiMsA saMjamo tavA / devA vi taM namassaMti jassa dhamme sayA maNo / / yaha dazavaikAlikakI sabase pahalI gAthA hai| isase bhI nizcita hotA hai ki aparAjitasUri ina granthoMko pramANa mAnanevAle yApanIya saMghake the / 2-gAthA 6 kI vijayodayA-TIkAmeM likhA hai---" saMskAritAbhyantaratapasA iti vA asambaddhaM / antareNApi bAhyatapo'nuSThAna antarmuhUrtamAtreNAdhigataratnatrayANAM

Page #599
pariziSTa 571 bhaddaNarAjaprabhRtAnA purudavasya bhagavataH ziSyANAM zigamanAgame pratItameva / " yaha bhaddaNarAja AdikI antarmuhUrtameM nirvANa-prAptikI kathA bhI digambara sAhityameM nahIM miltii| 3-medaja yA metArya munikI kathA, pIchese mAlama huA ki hariSeNakRta kathAkozameM hai, yadyapi usameM aura zvetAmbara kathAmeM bahuta kucha bhinnatA hai| ___4-pR0 42 kI dUsarI TippaNI kahIMkI kahIM chapa gaI hai| asalameM vaha 'aneka bhUmidAnAdi kiye gaye the|' isa vAkyakI TippaNI hai / _ AcArya amitagati ( 172-182) paMDita govindarAyajI kAvyatIrthaka lakha ( jainamitra, 13 navambara 1941) se mAlUma huA ki AcArya amitagatine apanA paMcasaMgraha jisa masUtikApurameM banAyA thA vaha dhArase sAta kosa dUra bagar3Ike pAsakA 'masIda vilodA' nAmaka gA~va hai| jaMbudIvapaNNatti (251-261) bArA nagara yA bArAM (koTA) kA rAjA jo 'satti bhUpAla' likhA hai vaha mevAr3akA guhilavaMzI rAjA zaktikumAra mAlUma hotA hai| eka pratimeM 'satibhUpAlo' (zAntibhUpAlaH) pATha bhI hai / ma 0 ma0 ojhAjIke anusAra isa rAjAkA eka zilAlekha vaizAkha sudI 1 vi0 sa0 1034 kA AhAr3ameM (udayapurake samIpa) milA hai / isake samayake do lekha aura bhI mile haiM, parantu unameMse saMvatke aMza jAte rahe haiN| pichale do lekha jainamandiroMmeM mile haiM / bArAM usa samaya mevAr3a ke hI antargata thaa| yadi isI guhilavaMzIya yA zaktikumArake samayameM jaMbudIvapaNyattiko racanA huI ho, to usake kartA padmanandikA samaya vikramakI gyArahavIM zatAbdi mAnanA cAhie / padmacarita aura paumacariya (272-292 ) 1-udyotanasUrine za0 saM0 700 meM banAI huI apanI 'kuvalayamAlA kathA' meM paumacariyake kartA vimalasUrike ' harivaMzapurANa' nAmaka granthakA bhI 1 dekho, rAjapUtAnekA itihAsa dvi0 bhA0, pR0 433-37

Page #600
jainasAhitya aura itihAsa ullekha kiyA hai aura unhoMne unheM harivaMzakA pahalA utpAdaka batalAyA hai, arthAt harivaMza -kathApara bhI zAyada sabase pahalA grantha vimalasUrikA hI thA - buhayaNasahassadaiyaM harivaMsupapattikArayaM paDhamaM / vaMdAmi vaMdiyaM pihU harivaMsaM ceva vimalapayaM // 38 arthAt maiM hajAroM paMDitoM ke pyAre, harivaMzolattikAraka, pahale, vaMdanIya aura vimalapada, harivaMzakI bandanA karatA hU~ / isameM jo vizeSaNa diye gaye haiM, ve harivaMza aura vimala-pada ( vimala- sUri ke caraNa athavA vimala haiM pada jisake aisA grantha ) donoMpara ghaTita hote haiM / vimalasUrikA yaha harivaMza abhI taka kahIM prApta nahIM huA hai / isake prApta hone para jinasenake harivaMzakA mUla kyA hai, isapara bahuta kucha prakAza par3ane kI saMbhAvanA hai / saMbhava hai padmapurANa ke samAna yaha bhI vimalasUrike harivaMzakI chAyA lekara hI banAyA gayA ho / 572 2 - isa lekha meM ( pR0 285 ) meM hamane likhA hai ki " abhI abhI eka vidvAna se mAlUma huA hai ki zvetAmbara sampradAya ke bhI eka prAcIna granthameM bha0 mahAvIrako avivAhita batalAyA hai / so vaha prAcIna grantha Avazyaka-niryukti hai / usameM likhA hai "" vIraM arinemiM pAsa malliM ca vAsupujaM ca / ee muttU jiNe avasesA Asi rAyANo // 221 // rAyakulemuvi jAyA visudbhavaMsesu khattiakulesu / ya itthiAbhiseA kumAravAsaMmi pavvaiyA // 222 // isake ' NayaitthiAbhiseA ' padakI TippaNI meM likhA hai - " strI- pANigrahaNa - rAjyAbhiSekobhayarahitA ityarthaH / " arthAt mahAvIra, ariSTanemi, pArzva, malli, aura vAsupUjya ye pA~ca tIrthakara aise hue haiM ki na inakA strI- pANigrahaNa huA aura na rAjyAbhiSeka | ye kSatriyarAjakulotpanna the aura kumArAvasthA meM hI pravrajita ho gaye the / mahAkavi puSpadanta ( pR0 301-334 ) hamane anumAna kiyA thA ki AcArya hemacandra ne ' abhimAnacihna nAmaka granthakartAkA jo ullekha kiyA hai, ve zAyada puSpadanta hI hoM / kyoMki ,

Page #601
pariziSTa inakA bhI nAma abhimAnameru yA abhimAnAMka hai / parantu udyotanasUrine apanI kuvalayamAlA meM abhimAnAGka, parAkramAGka, aura sAhasAGka nAmake tIna pUrvavartI kaviyoMkA ullekha kiyA hai, ataeva saMbhava hai ki hemacandrakA abhiprAya inameM se pahale abhimAnAMka se hI ho -------- aNNevi mahAkaiNo garuakahAbaMdha ciMtiyamaIA / abhimANa-parakkama - sAhasAMka vi Naevi iMtemi // 34 573 vanavAsI aura caityavAsI sampradAya ( 347-369 ) markarAse bhI pahalekA eka zilAlekha sA~cI meM milA hai jo gupta saMvata 93 ( vi0 saM0 468-69 ) kI bhAdrapada caturthIkA hai / isameM undAnake putra AmarakAra devadvArA diye gaye IzvaravAsaka gA~va aura 25 dInAroMke dAnakA ullekha hai' / yaha dAna kAkanAboTake vihArameM nitya pA~ca jainabhikSuoMke bhojana ke lie aura ratnagRhameM dIpaka jalAne ke lie diyA gayA thA / yaha AmarakAradeva candragupta ( dvi0 ) ke yahA~ kisI sainika padapara niyukta thA / AcArya zubhacandra aura unakA samaya ( pR0 440-451 ) pATanake bhaMDArakI jJAnArNavakI prati jina sahasrakIrti ke lie paM0 kezarIke putra vIsalane likhI thI, aisA jAna par3atA hai ki unhIM sahasrakIrtikA ullekha khaMbhAtake cintAmaNi pArzvanAthake mandirake zilAlekha meM kiyA gayA hai / ukta zilAlekha vi0 saM0 1352 kA hai / lekhakI dAhinI orakI 11 paMktiyoMkA prAraMbhika aMza khaMDita ho gayA hai / isalie pUre lekhakA bhAvArtha samajha meM nahIM AtA; phira bhI itanA mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta mandirakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1265 meM huA thA, aura jIrNoddhAra vi0 saM0 1352 meM jisake upalakSya meM ukta lekha 1 kauparsa inskrapzansa iMDikerama, jilda 3, pR0 29 aura bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza dvi0 bhA0 pR0 263 2 dekho, muni jinavijayajIdvArA sampAdita prAcIna jaina-lekha-saMgraha, lekha naM0 449

Page #602
574 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa utkIrNa kiyA gyaa| usa samaya gurupadapara yazaHkIrti guru virAjamAna the / ye sahasrakIrtike ziSya yA praziSya hoNge| sahasrakIrtikA ullekha utkIrNa lekhake cauthe AryA chandake uttarArdhameM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai " dinodayaM sa cake gurugaganAbhyuditaH sahasrakIrtiH " parantu isakA pUrvArdha naSTa ho gayA hai / cauthe padyake isa uttarArdhake bAda hI yaha vAkya diyA huA hai-" saMvat 1165 varSe jyeSTha vadi 7 some sajaya (ti)|" aisA jAna par3atA hai ki yaha 1165 nahIM kintu 1265 hai aura pratilipi karanevAlene bhUlase doke aMkako eka par3ha liyA ho / yadi 1265 hI ThIka ho to usa samaya saM0 1284 meM jJAnArNavakI prati jina sahasrakIrtiko bheTa kI gaI thI ve yahI ho sakate haiM / isI lekhameM huMkAravaMzaja arthAt hUmar3a jAtike sAMgaNa, siMhapuravaMzaja arthAt narasiMhapurA jAtike jayatA aura mahAbhavya prahlAdana ina tIna zrAvakoMkA bhI ullekha hai jo mAlavese, sapAdalakSa ( savAlakha ) se aura citrakUTa (cittaur3a ) se Aye the, sAtha hI zAMbhadeva nAmake sAdhu (sAhU) bhI apane bhAI AmAke sAtha Aye the atrAgamatmAlavadezato'mI sapAdalakSAdatha citrakUTAt AbhAnujenaiva samaM hi sAdhuryaH zAMbhadevo vidito'tha jainaH // 31 hamane nRpurIko mAlavekA naravara honekA jo anumAna kiyA hai, usakI bhI isa ullekhase puSTi hotI hai / kyoMki isameM ukta zrAvakoM ke mAlave Adise khaMbhAtameM AnekI bAta likhI hai / nRpurImeM jAhiNIne jo prati likhavAI thI vaha ina logoMke sAtha A sakatI hai aura usakI dUsarI prati sahasrakIrtike lie goMDalameM likhI jA sakatI hai / sahasrakIrti khaMbhAta aura goMDalake AsapAsa vihAra karate hoMge / vIsalane pUrvokta prati vi0 saM0 1284 meM likhI thI aura yaha lekha sahasrakIrtike ziSya yazaHkIrtike samayakA usase 68 varSa bAdakA hai / samApta samApta ww

Page #603
nAma-sUcI [ isa sUcImeM mukhyatayA granthoM aura granthakAroMkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| saMgha, gotra, sthala, kSetra, rAjA aura AcArya Adike nAmoMkA bhI samAveza kiyA hai| yadi kisI lekha meM kisI grantha yA granthakArakA nAma bAra bAra AyA hai, to vahA~ pRSThAMkake bAda i0 ( ityAdi ) limva diyA gayA hai|] akabara 246, 498 ajilavaMza 23, akalaMka 66, 69, 70, 74, 97, aNahilapura 470 103, 108, 109, 113, 116, aNNa 293, 38, 325, 405, 442, 459, 465- aNNayyA 316 66, 479-80, 537 adbhuta rAmAyaNa 277, 280 akAlavarSa 75, 87, 236, 321, . adhyAtma-taraMgiNI 36. 178, 529 499,514-16,518,519 i0 adhyAtma padya-TIkA ,33 agarohA 173 adhyAtma-mata-parIkSA 153 aggala 110 adhyAtma-rahasya 132, 135, 137 agnipurANa 277 adhyAtma rAmAyaNa 277 agnimitra 20, 558 adhyAtmASTaka 404 agravAla 34 adhyAtmASTasahastrI 532 agrotaka ( agravAla ) 34 anagAra-dharmAmRta36.53.98, 103, acalapura 208-9, 326, 371 / / 112, 132-34. 136-37, aja 73 143, 361, 457, 4,9, 548 ajayavamA 135 anagAra-TIkA 31, 137 ajarAmara 385 anIzvaravAda 562 i0 ajadeva 385 aneka stotra 533 ajavaira 162 anekAnta jayapatAkA 164 ajitasena 155, 294-5-6,398, anekArtha nAmamAlA 465 413, 454, 478 anaMgakumAra 201 ajitaMjaya 8, 19, 21 anaMtakIrti 342, 452

Page #604
576 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa ammaiya 308, 321, 376 amitagati ( prathama aura dvi0) 23, 32, 36, 37, 39, 40, 58, 135, 172 i0, 252, 275, 447, 463, 545, 547 amitagati-zrAvakAcAra 177 amitasena 422, 428 amRtacandra 442, 456-7 i. amRtAzIti , 25 amoghavarSa 75, 76, 87, 122, 154, 160-1, 236, 322, anaMtapAla 470 . anaMtavIrya 99, 405 aparAjita 15, 255 aparAjita sUri 23, 29, 31, 32, 40, 43, 45 i0, 56, 57, 135, 546 apazabda-khaMDana 533 apApApurI 189 apizalI 93 abUhasana kutubazAha 230 abhaya 190, 191 abhayacandra 151, 1,5, 299 abhayadava 536 abhayanaMdi 11, 100-2, 104-8, 110-1, 114, 116, 286-7 abhayasena 422 abhinaMdanadeva-kalpa 139 abhimAnAMka 573 abhimAnacihna 315, 571 abhimAnamA 310 abhipekapATasaMgraha 136 amua 385 amara 93 amara 127 amarakIrti 176, 219-20, 275 amarakoza 129, 135 amarakaMTaka 205 amaracaMda 30, 59, 224 amarasena 176 amaruzataka 133, 140, 179 amalakIrti 525, 526 ambarasena 172 amoghavRtti 44, 45, 57, 118, 150, 153-5, 157-9, 161, "18 ayyapAya 265-6 arikesarI 75, 76, 78, 86, 87 88, 316, 328, 359 ariTThanemicariu 42, 325 aruMgala 11, 55, 396, 478 arUMgalAnvaya 11 arkakIrti 54, 161, 517 ajunadeva 172 arjunarAja 266 arjunavarma deva 132, 179 arjunavarmA 129, 130, 133-4 140-1 arjurikA 112, 138 arthazAstra 61, 64, 72, 81, 83 548

Page #605
nAma-sUcI 577 aMjanagiri 34 aMjanApavanaMjaya 263-4, 266 aMtarIkSa 200, 226 / aMtarIkSa pArzvanAtha 227 aMtiga 323 AiccambA 374, 376 AcAra-dinakara 561 AcAra-praNidhi 47 AcAra-vRtti 463 AcAra-sAra 80, 98, 113, arbudAdri 189 ahaMpratiSThAlakSaNa 123-4 arhatsena 273 arhadatta 16 arhaddatta 53 arhaddAsa 141-3 ahaMdvali 8, 423 arhanmuni 272-3 alaktaka 358 alAuddIna 242 alhaNa 141 avanti ( caMDapradyota ) 19 avanti deza 139 avinIta 11, 116, 359 / aSTapAhuDa-paMjikA 339 aSTazatI 70, 267 aSTasahasrI 28, 107, 531 aSTasahasrI TippaNa 478 aSTApada 188 aSTAMgahRdaya 129, 483 aSTAMgahRdayodyotinI TIkA 136 aSTAdhyAyI 150 ahicchatrapura 483 aMkalezvara 110 aMga 201 aMgavai 385 aMgapaNNatti 533 aMgAragaNa 384 aMguttaranikAya 551 aMcalagaccha 231 / AcArAMga ( sUtra ) 30, 32, 47, 48, 59. 60, 350 Atmaprabodha 262 AtmAnuzAsana 263, 498, 511 AtmAnuzAsana-tilaka 339 Adityamata 72 AdipurANa 4, 25, 26, 76, 89, 111, 120-1, 164, 261, 266, 282, 312, 337, 338, 376, 387. 421, 431, 478, 501. 507 i0, 510, 536. 561 AdIzvara-phAga 530 anvIkSikI 85 Anartapura 191 AnaMda rAmAyaNa 277 ApalI saMgha ( dekho yApanIya saMgha ApulI saMgha 374

Page #606
578 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa AptamImAMsA 478, 531 | AzAdhara 23, 24, 31, 32, 36, Apizala 72 38-40, 52, 58, 98, 103, AbU 226, 247 112, 121 i0, 172, 187, AbhA 574 194, 200, 265, 361-2, 409, 417, 457, 463, 483, Ama 243 488, 490, 533, 540,547 AMbA 230 ArAtIya 31 AmakaraNa 231 ArAdhanA ( bhagavatI ) 23 i0. AsAya 414 56, 57, 59, 153, 177, Ahvamalla 399 435 AhAr3a 180, 571 ArAdhanA kathAkoza 25, 339, itsiMga 118 406 410, 434 i. indra 20, 72, 76,93, 112,127, ArAdhanA-kathAkoza 25, 33, 128, 162, 273, 308, 323, 406, 410, 434 i0 386 ArAdhanA TIkA 329 indranandi 6-8, 10, 12-3, 16, ArAdhanA-dapaNa 39 / 55,255,265, 296-7, 360, ArAdhanA-paMjikA 23, 33 i0 415-6-7, 422, 497, 568 ArAdhanA-sAra 135, 171 ArAdhanA TIkA 135 * indrapura 19 Ardradeva 472 indrarAya 321 Arya nandi 421, 497-8, 501 indrasena 273 Arya bhaTTa 251 indrAyudha 424-6 ibrAhima 336 Arya maMkSu 6-8, 12, 13, 568 imaDi bhaTTopAdhyAya 417 Arya maMgu 6, 8, 569 imadA nagarI 238 Ayasena 295 immaDi bhairava 235 Ahata 85 AlApa-paddhati 165 irugadaMDanAtha 506 Avazyaka 44, 45, 153, 283 ilindikuTa 87 Avazyaka-niryuni / , 7, 8, 127. : ilori 238 152, 572 iSTopadeza 121, 450 Avazyaka sUtra 94, 558 iSTopadeza-TIkA 135, 137

Page #607
nAma-sUcI 579 isahala 385 IdalazAha 237 IzAna 325, 371 IzvarakRSNa 118-9 Izvarasena 422 IpatprAgbhAra 295 ugrAditya 122, 212 ujayinI 180 ujayanta 245 uttarapurANa 39, 174, 192, 194, 200, 207, 215, 217, 255, 278, 280-2, 285,312-3, 321,327,336, 338,387, 421, 496, 499,502,509, 513 i0 uttarAdhyayana 32, 50, 51, 153 / / udaya 201 udayakaraNa 231 udayadeva 88, 141, 359 udayanarAja 266 udayapura ( gvAliyara ) 328 udayabhUpaNa 260 udayasena 130, 137 udayAditya 328 udyotanasUri 273-4, 426, 53 / / upAsakAcAra 77, 463 upAsakAdhyayana 36 upendra 323 unbhaTa 385 umAsvAti 121, 457 umAsvAmi 173 ura ( nadI ) 193 urva 71, 78 uzanA 62 Ukhalada 230 Una 193 Urjayanta 188, 217 RSyadri 201-3, 215, 217 RSabhapaMcAzikA 469 RSabhadeva-carita 487 RSabhadAsa 492 RSigupta 422 ekatvasaptati 455, 496 ekazaila 265 ekasaMdhi 265 ekIbhAva (stotra) 396, 401, 403 ecaNa 295 eyaNa 316 eregittUra 53 elagarAya 227 lAcArya 501, 515 elora ( rA ) 199, 238 hole 507 aindra 93 i0,126-8, 431, 532 oDayadeva 477 upadezamAlA-karNikA 93 upadeza-siddhAnta-ratnamAlA 354 upanAgara 305 upaniSat 267

Page #608
580 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa osAbudagiri 229, 30 kamalasAgara 268 oMkArezvara 206 kamalinI 123 audArya-cintAmaNi 409 karakaNDucariu 373, 533, 543 auraMgAbAda 238 karahiDA 238 auzanasa 81 karka 76, 315, 320, 324 auha 542 karkarAja 427 kacanera 198 karNakubja 77 kaTTagA 399 karNasundarI nATikA 140 kaTTageri 399, 400 kaNATaka 143 kaTTAharu 87 kardama 88 kaNTha 71 karnATaka ( karanATaka ) 228, 231 kaNha 332 karpUramaMjarI 77, 474 kaNharAya 321, 326 karmadahana vidhAna 533 kaNAda 325 karmaprakRti bhaTTAraka 454 kathAkoza 26, 421, 423, 428, kalacuri 180 kalaza 140 kathAmakaraMda 302 kalApa 532 kadamba 41, 119, 161, 250 kalANurAa 385 kanakIrti 198, 212, 220 kalikuMDa pArzvanAtha 238 kanakagiri 233-4 kaliMga 86, 213 kanakanandi 296, 298 kaliMgAraNya 208 kalki kanakaprabha 99 8, 19, 20, 21 kanakasena 204, 233, 405, ! kalpa ( bRhat ) 48 413, 414 kalpavyavahAra 59 kanakAmara 373 kalpasUtra 8, 93, 162, 189, 241 kandhArapura 322 kalpasUtrasthavirAvalI 15 kanhaDa 332 kalyANa 41, 229, 230, 399 kapila 325 kalyANakAraka 122, 212 kamalabhadra 454 kalyANI 230 kamalazrI 141, 416 kavicandra 489

Page #609
nAma-sUtrI kaviparamezvara 282, 296, 421 kaviparameSThI 421 kavirAjamArga 518, 523 kaSAya prAmRta 6-8, 12, 13, 299 kAvyAnuzAsana 486 503, 568 kAvyAlaMkAra 129 kapAya-prAmRta ( prAyodopaprAbhRta ) 12 kAvyAlaMkAra - TIkA 136-7 kaMkAlI TIlA 241 kaMdarpa 416 kaMsa 255 kaMsAra 238 kaMsArya 16 kAkopala 358 kAJcI 2, 25 kAtantra 155 kAtyAyana 73, 104-5 kAdambarI 67, 376, kAnyakubja 77, 78 kAmacaMDAlinIkalpa 416 kAmaMdaka 62, 63, 64 kAmamahAnara ( pradyumna ) 183 477 kAyastha 472 kArakala 80, 235, 246 kArtikeya 434 kArtikeyAnuprekSA 532-3 550 kAliMjara 322 kAvyaprakA kAvyamImAMsA 43, 76, 154, 301, 465 kAzakRtsna 93, 127 kAzikA 97, 118 kAzI 25 kAzmIra 140 kASThAsaMgha 170, 173 i0, 184, 255-6, 336, 340-1, 344, 357-8,380, 460, 500, 534 kAsAra bogAra 555 kAhatyAMka 33 kittUra 19, 55, 422 kittUrAnvaya 11 kirAtArjunIya 116, 386 581 kIrticandra 474 kIrtinandi 32, 53, 162 kIrtipura 55 kIrtivarmA 267, 427 kIrtiSeNa 421, 422, 428 kIrtisAgara 268 kIrtisiMha 380, 534 kAlApaka 127-8 kAlika sUtra 152-3 kutubazAha 230 kAlidAsa 71,78,151,212,268 kumara nagarI 379 385,441,451,492,506-7, kumAra 71, 78 kumAraatta 385 kumAra kIrtideva 54

Page #610
582 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa kumAragupta 441 kuMtibhoja 139 kumAranandi 32, 53, 56, 126, kuMthugiri 189, 210 i0 162 kuMda 34,35 kumAranArAyaNa (navasAhasAMka) 180 / kuMdakuMda 9-11, 13, 14, 51, kumArapAla 448, 523 170, 187, 245, 254, 342, kumArapAla-pratibodha 190 344, 345, 407, 457, 476, 501, 537,569 kumArapAla rAsa 492 kuMdakuMdAnvaya 116-7, 357 i0 kumArasaMbhava 386 kumArasena 121, 173-4, 341, kuMdavvA 316 431, 500, 501, 537 kRci bhaTTAraka 282, 296 kumAra sAma 385 kRSNa 219, 305, 323, 359, kumArila 72 424, 425, 427, 499,519 kumudeMdu 534 kRSNamizra yati 267 kurujAMgala 336 kRSNarAja (deva) 75, 87, 88, 89, kuruvaMza 380 217, 220, 316, 321, 326 kuladhara 34 kelhaNa 141 kulamRpaNa 175, 210 kulupAkSa 196 kevalibhuktiprakaraNa 43 kevalibhukti-strImuktiprakaraNa 153 kulapAka pura 231 kulTaka bhaTTa 82 kezavabhaTTa 301, 303 kulottuMga 482 kailAsa 188, 190, 217 kulpAka 196, 231 koTizilA 212 i0 kuvalayamAlA 273, 426, 538, koTizilAkalpa 213 571 koparagrAma 197 kusInAga 189 kollapAka-mANikya devatIrthakalpa 196 ku~arapAla 368 kole 123 kuMkaNa 228 kohala 325 kuMDakuMDapura 10, 12 kohaMta 385 kuMDala 201 koMgaNi 11 kuMDalagiri 14, 200 koMguNi varmA 233

Page #611
nAma-sUcI 583 garga 73 koMDakuMDa 14 gajapaMtha 186, 189, 194, 196, koMDakuMdapura 11 197, 199, 217 kA~DakuMdAnvaya 11 gajapaMthAcala maMDalapUjA 196 kauTilIya 83, 548 gajapaMthamaMDalavidhAna 198 kauNapadaMta 62 kaula 440 gaNataMtra 189 kauMDakuMdAnvaya 358 gaNadharavalayapUjA 533 gaNaratnamahodadhi 99, 159, 262 kriyAkalApa 121, 135, 137, gaNitataraMgiNI 304 187, 193, 194, 205 kriyAkalApa TIkA 339 gaNitatilaka 303 krIDAparvata 49, gaNitasAra-saMgraha 518, 521 kSatracUDAmaNi 477 gaNeza 486 kSatriya 16, 255 gaddhavvayA 20 kSapaNasAra 298, 532 gadyaciMtAmaNi 477 kSamAkalyANa 314 kSemakIrti 35, 542 gardabhilla 20, 558 kSemahaMsa 486 galakuMDu ( golakuMDA ) 230 kSemeMdrakIrti 195-6-7-8, 439 gaMgadeva 16, 255 kSemeMdrayaza 196 gaMgadhArA 75 khageMdramaNidarpaNa 122 gaMgavaMza 32, 53, 116 khajarAhA 204 gaMgavAr3I 235 khapuTAcArya 190, 249 gaMjIkoTa 231 khaMDa 306 gaMDarAditya 112, 138 khaMDalaka 49, 50 gaMdharva 332-3, 377 khaMDelavAla 141 gaMdhAra 247 khaMbhAta 205 gAthA-saptazatI 557 khAravela 20, 523, 557-8 gAMgamuni 416 khetala 34 giranAra 188, 190, 200, 241, khelA sAhU 332 341 khoTTigadeva 315, 320-322, : giranAra 242 327-328 girIzedra 215

Page #612
584 guDipattana 261, 264 guNakIrti 380, 528-9, 534 guNacaMdra 11, 116 guNadhara 7, 8, 12, 13, 503 guNanaMdi 11, 97,100, 102, 105 - 6,111 - 116,126,297, 416 guNapAla 470 guNabhaTTa 123, 124 guNabhadra ( bha0 ) 174, 192, 216-7, 236, 255, 261, 278, 280, 282, 296, 327, 336, 376, 380, 387, 421, 453, 496, 497 i0, 534 guNabhadrakIrti 534 guNaratnasUra 44 guNavarma 314, 321 guNasena 454 guNahara 385 guNAkarasena 175, 183 guNADhya 71, 78 guta 18, 19 guru 63, 72 gurudatta 208 gRdhrapiccha 111 goiMda 385 gokarNa 443 gograhakathA 372 goDI ( pArzvanAtha ) 226 gotamagotra 15, 73, 162 godIbAI 195 / / jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa gopagiri 243 gopAcala 200, 205, 380 gopucchaka 349 gopya 41 gomaMDala ( goMDala ) 243, 446 gommaTa 293 gommaTasAra 162, 293, 297,458, 532 gommaTasaMgraha sUtra 293 gommaTasvAmIpura 234 gola 89 gola 89 golladeza 89 gollAcArya 89 govardhana 15, 255, 325 govardhanadAsa 542 goviMda (rAja) 76, 115, 375, 425-6, 515, 517 goviMdabhaTTa 260, 261, 264 goviMdarAja 161, 294, 430 gohila 34 gauDa 89, 141 gauDasaMgha 86, 89 gautama 396 gautamIputra 557 gyAsuddIna 542 grahila 73 caumuha 385 cakrAyudha 425, 427 caturtha 238, 555

Page #613
nAma-sUcI caturmukha ( kalki ) 18 caMdrayya 1: catumukha ( kavi ) 20, 325-6, caMdravaMza 86 370 i0 caMdrasena 498-9 caturviMzatiprabaMdha 138, 142-3 caMdrikA 102 catustriMzadadhika-dvAdaza caMdrodaya 121, 431 zatodyApana 533 caMpApura (rI) 188, 200, 217 caraka 70 cANakya 62-64, 434 carcAsaMgraha 35, 197 cAMdra 431 calanA 192 cAMdra kula 127 caMjAurI 231 cAmuMDarAya 3, 184, 233, 282, caMjI 231 293 i0, 413 caMDarasA 73 cAmuMDarAya purANa 280, 299 caMdaNa 385 cAmuMDarAya basti 295 caMdana 192 cAraNagiri 238 caMdana kathA 533 cArAyaNa 70 caMdappahacariu 380 cAritrasAra 296 caMdarAa 386 cArukIrti 115, 159, 234 caMdela 193, 267 cAlukya (solaMkI) 75.78. 86.88 cadra 72, 93, 112, 127, 202 cAvar3AvaMza 428 caMdrakIrti 176, 344, 401, 454 , cikAkola 231 caMdragiri 294 cikAcArya 358 caMdragupta 15, 62, 233, 421, cikkadeva 159 435, 441, 570 citrakarma 72 caMdragomi 99 citrakUTa 515, 530 caMdranaMdi 11, 31, 32, 52, 53, 56, 116--7, 162, 358-9 citragar3ha 236, 515 caMdranAtha 261 citrabaMdha stotra 534 caMdrapa 261-2 cidAnaMda 159 caMdraprajJapti 179, 252 ciMtAmaNi 154 caMdraprabhacarita 110, 111, 297, ciMtAmaNi (prAkRta-vyAkaraNa)533 300, 488, 533 cintAmaNi TIkA 155, 158

Page #614
586 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa ciMtAmaNimImAMsA-viva' Na 531 ciMtAmaNi-yaMtrapUjA 533 cUDAmaNi nighaNTu 499 cUrNaTIkA 12 cUNisUtra 13 cUlagiri 206, 207 i0, 217 cUla dukravakgvaMdhamutta 203 cedI 322 cela 7, celaprajJApanA 50 celladhvaja ,19 caityaka 203 caityavAsI 347 i0570 corapaMcAzikA 140 cola 7, caulukya 429 cauhAna 143 chaila 385 chakkamovaesa 219, 27, chatratrayapurI 261 chaMge mAhu 332 chaMdonuzAsana 387 chADa 131, 132, 483 chedamUtra 44, 45, 152,-3 jagattuMga 115, 322, 516 jagadamRpaNa 10.7 jagannAtha 402 jaTA-mihanaMdi 191, 420, 431 jaTila muni 273 NamaNANaMda 385 janAnaMdi 11, 116 janAzraya 525 jaya 16 jayakIrti 525 i. jayacaMda 224 jayatA 574 jayacaMdra 450 jayadeva 414, 525 jayadhavala (lA) 7, 13, 202, 325, 376, 442,500,501, ___503, 512, 518, 568 jayanaMdi 39, 40 jayanAga 255 jayapAla 16 jayarAma 177, 402 jayavarAha 424, 426-7 jayaMta bhaTTa 303 jayasiMha ( sUri )134, 250, 262, 273, 313,338, 398,399 427, 452, 485, 526 jayasena 175, 183, 422, 458, jaya hema 127 jayAditya 118 jalpanirNaya 120, 121 javAlipura 426 jasakitti 279, 380 jasadeva 249 / jasaharacariu 314 i0, 330 / jaMbUsvAmI ( carita ) 255, 498 jaMbUdIvapaNNatti 251 i0 572 jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti 179, 252

Page #615
nAma-sUcI jAjAka 141 261,66, 273, 282, 296, jAtaka paddhati 303 325, 376,387, 413, 417, jAnojI 230 420 i0 431, 436, 442, jAhiNI 445-446, 574 446,452, 466, 478, 480, 487, 497 i0534,537-8, jiNaAsa 385 558, 571 jitadaMDa 422 jinAbhiSeka 136 jinakAMci 231 jinendrakalyANAbhyudaya 265 jinacaMdra 246 jinadatta 354 jinendrabuddhi 96, 97 jinadattacaritra 511 jinezvarasUri 353 jinadAsa zAha 530 jIudeva 38, jinanaMdi 24, 29, 56, 358 jItakalpa 29, 50, 60 jIdakappa 60 jinapati 374 jinapAlita 8 jIvakaciMtAmaNi 482 jinaprabhamUri 139, 186, 196, jIva siddhi 430, 452 208, 213 jIvaMdhara campU 472 jinapramitavAkzAstre 98 jIvaMdhara-caritra 514 jinabhadrasUri 543 jaitugideva 134 jinamatI 234 jainabadrI jinayajJakalpa 132, 134, 136, / jainAbhiSeka 96, 123 137, 141, 463 jainendra 72, 431, 532 jinavardhana 486 | jainendra vyAkaraNa 70, 93, i0 137, jinavallabha 353-4 339 jinazataka 461 i0 jainendra nyAsa 107, 122 jinasahasranAma 131 jainendra prakriyA 105,-6,111,114 jinasahasranAma-TIkA 409 jainendra mahAvyAkaraNa 138 jinasaMhitA 534 jola 75 jinasAgara sUri 543 johaa 385 jinasena ( prathama aura dvitIya ) 19 / jJAtRvaMza 553 25, 26, 30, 89, 97, 113, jJAnadIpikA 134 120, 121, 161, 173, 202, jJAnaprabodha 254

Page #616
588 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa jJAnabhUSaNa 1, 268, 260, 484, . tattvArtha-TIkA 29, 107 527 i0 tattvArthatrayaprakAzikA 409 jJAnasAgara 409 tattvArtha-rAjavArtika 103-5 jJAnasUryodaya 267 tattvArtha-vRtti 408 jJAnalocanastotra 489 tattvArtha zlokavArtika 102 jJAnArNava 98, 122, 380, 409, tattvArthasAra 457 440, 442,446-7 i0,456, tattvArtha sUtra 28, 121, 457 458, 534 tattvArtha TIkA 98 jJAnezvarI 305 tapAgaccha 8, 15, 19, 162, 225 jyotiH prabhAkalyANa nATaka 496 i0 246 jyotiparatnamAlA 303, 305 tavanidhi 238 jvAlAmAlinI kalpa 366 taMjaura 264 jvAlinIkalpa 415 tAraura 189, 190, 215 TIkamagar3ha 193 tAravara 217 ToDaramalla 82 tAraMgA 191 Thakkura ( gaMdharva ) 332, 457 tArApura 191, 249 DhADhasI gAthA 460 tAlabaheTa 193 DhADhasI muni 460 timi 70 DhU~Dhaka ( sthAnakavAsI ) 367 timira 126 NAgaha 385 tiruttakadeva 482 NAyakumAracariu 314 i0 tilakamaMjarI 67, 172, 180,469 NAyAdhammakahA 553 477 NiuNa 385 tilakamaMjarI-kathAsAra 469 takSaka 96, 127 tiliMga 196 tagarila 55 tiloaNa 385 tattvajJAnataraMgiNI 530 tiloyapaNNa tti 5 i0, 62, 162, tattvanirNaya 533 188, 202, 252, 280, 298 tattvabhAvanA 178 tattvasAra 171 tiloyasAra-TIkA 299 tattvArtha 128, 296 tisaTTimahApurisaguNAlaMkAru 312

Page #617
nAma-sUcI tIrthamAlA 188, 198, 201, 207 / tripaSTizalA puruSacarita 279 tripaSTismRti 137 225, 246 tIrthArcana candrikA 216 tuDigu 321, 322, 326 tulu ( va ) 42, 234 tuMgagiri 238 tuMgI 189, 199 tuMgI giri 199 i0, 200, 217 tuMbalUra 12 tuMbarAcArya 12 tejapAla 218-20, 250 terApaMtha 359, 366 i0 terahapaMtha khaMDana 197 tailapa 180 tailaMga 230 tailipadeva 184 tomaravaMza 192 tripurI 180 tribhaMgI 298 tribhuvana 375 i0 tribhuvanatilaka 112 tribhuvana svayaMbhu 42, 370 i0 trilokaprajJati 253, 255, 532 534, 558 trilokasAra 295, 297, 298 trivargamahendramAtalisaMjalpa 71, 88 589 tripaSTismRtizAstra 134, 141, 200 tri0 smR0 saTIka 136 triMzatcaturviMzatipUjA 533 trailokyadIpikA 404 trailokyasaMgraha 4 trailokyasAra 3, 5, 18, 532 tryaMbaka 199 therI gAthA 551 dakSiNakukkuTajina 294 dakSiNamathurA 55, 117 dakSiNApatha 15 dayAcaMdra 35 dayApAla 151, 155, 398, 405, 454 darithUru 87 darpaNa 36 darzanasAra 36, 41, 44, 117,165, 167, 170, 171, 173-5, 341-2,355,358,367, 400, 401, 460, 500, 538 dazabhakti 121, 233, 235 dazaratha 464 dazarathaguru 500, 501, 509 trivarNAcAra 262, 496 dazaratha jAtaka 258 dazarUpAvaloka TIkA 180 dazalakSaNodyApana 530 trivikrama 409 tripaSTi - lakSaNa - mahApurANa 3, 282, dazavaikAlika 31, 43-5, 47, 52, 296 53, 572

Page #618
590 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa dazArNa ( bhilasA ) 73, 213 daMgaiya 321, 376 daMDakAraNya 208 daMDAtmaka 217 daMDI 371, 386, 487 daMti 372 daMtiga 322 daMtila 325 dAdA pArzvanAtha 218 dAnazAsana 365 digvastra 99 diGnAga 480 dilasukha 35 divaDhAsAhU 380 divAkara 273, 384, 499 divAkarasena 273 dIpasena 422 dIpaMguDi 264-6 duggasatti 385 duggasIha 385 dugarAja 430 durlabhadeva 353 durlabhasena 175 durvinIta 116 dRSTivAda 353 depAla 476 deva 97 devakIrti 33, 34 devagar3ha 204 devagiri 198, 238 / devacaMdra 25, 140, 529 devanaMdi 70, 93 i0 95, 128, 431, 465, 538 devapAla 134 devara 464 devaravallabha 260 devarAya 232 devarSi 468 devala 321 devamaMgha 65, 88, 89 devasUri 485 devasena 36, 41,54,135, 16330 173, 175-7, 198, 275, 341, 355, 357-8, 400, 431, 460, 500, 501, 538 devAgama 260, 261, 463 devAgama paMjikA 339 devendra 111, 112, 542 devendrakIrti 360, 406, 542 dezabhUSaNa 210 dezIya gaNa 11, 110, 116, 117 233, 297 desInAmamAlA 315 daivajJavallabha 303 daivanaMdi 442 dostaTikA 430 daulatAbAda 238 dramila 54 draviDa 231 draviDasaMgha 54, 55, 66, 89, 155, 170

Page #619
nAma-sUcI dravyaguNaparyayarAsA 166 dhanika 188 dravyasaMgraha-paMjikA 339 dhmmprikkh| 17, 325, 370, dravyasvabhAvaprakAza 163, 168 / 371, 468 dravyasvabhAvaprakAzaka nayacakra 167 / / dharAzraya 427 dravyAnuyogatarkaNA 166 dharaNIvarAha 428, 437 drAviDasaMgha 117, 124, 356,358, dharasena 8, 12, 137, 422 359, 396, 400, 401, 415, dharmakIrti 42, 56, 198, 396 416,538 dharmaghoSa 364 droNa 325, 371 dharmajJa siddhi 452 droNa giri 189, 208, 208, 215, dharmaparIkSA 36, 98, 176, 329 217 droNImati 201 dharmapura 76 dvAdazAra nayacakra 164 dharmabhUpaNa 196 dvArasamudra ( halevIDu ) 261 dharmavijaya 225 dvArikA 494 dharmazarmAbhyudaya 472, 476 dvijavadanacapeTa 82, 83 dharmazarmAbhyudaya-TIkA 543, 545 dvija vizvanAtha 201 dharmasaMgraha 171 dvisaMdhAna 128, 464, 465 dharmasaMgraha-zrAvakAcAra 534 dvIpaMguDI 264 dharmasAgara 241, 245, 351 vyAzrayakAvya 486 dharmasiMha 524 dhakaDa 325, 370, 467 dharmasena 255, 280, 344, 422 dhanacaMda 141 | dharmAmRta 131, 134, 136-7, dhaNadatta 385 dhanadeva 385 dhavala ( lA ) 10, 15, 120, dhanapAla 172 180, 324, 327, : 122, 202, 232, 273, 373, 467 i0 470, 477 298, 325,372, 441, 466, dhanazrI 467 503, 512, 518 dhanaMjaya 97, 128, 375, 381, : dhavala kavi 539 441,451, 464 i0 488, 490 / dhavala ( vRSabha ) 375 dhanaMjaya-nighaMTu 465 dhavalaiyA 375, 376, 381

Page #620
592 dhAra 140 dhArA 112, 130, 134, 172, 140, 170, 335, 358 dhiSaNa 70 dhIkoTikaraNa 304 dhInAka 141 dhutta 385 dhUmadhvaja 73 dhUrtAkhyAna 177 dhRtiSeNa 255 dhRtisena 16 dhruva 161 dhruvamAnasa-karaNa 303 dhruvarAja 426 dhruvasena 16, 255 nakSatra 16, 255 nanna 309, 314-6, 319 i0 329. 330 nannarAjavasati 429 naminTUra 55 nayakIrti 360 nayacakra 163 i0 nayapAla 34 naravAhana 19, 20 narasiMha 86 narasiMha bhaTTa 461 narendrasena 413, 418 133, 179, nalakaccha 130 navanidhi 238 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa navasAhasAMkarita 180 navastotra 537-8 nahapAna 20, 558 naMda 19 naMdakIrti 207 naMdarAja 62 naMdavaMza 62, 441 naMdi 15, 35, 255 naMdigaNi 31 naMdiguru 253 naMdItaTa 173, 174, 341, 344 naMdimitra 15, 255 naMdi munIzvara 282, 296 naMdila 569 naMdipeNa 422 naMdisaMgha 53 30, 97, 110, 161, 245, 254, 255, 342, 343, 396, 529 naMdisUtra 152, 160, 273 naMdi - AmnAya 429 naMdIzvarakathA 533 nAila kula 272 nAila 306, 314, 321 nAga 16, 375-6 nAgakumAra-kAvya 414 nAgakumAracarita 302, 307, 315 321, 327-8, 373 nAgacandra 42, 56, 113-4, 26 465, 529 nAgadeva 303 - 4, 358

Page #621
nAma-sUcI 523 nAganandi 31, 52 nizItha sUtra 18, 59 nAgapurIya gaccha 127 nihAlacandra 35 nAgabhaTTa 425, 427 nItivAkyAmRta 61 i0, 63, 78, nAgara 305 nAgahasti 6-8, 12, 13, 422, kanar3I TIkA 80 568-9 nItisAra 62-64, 360 nAgAnaMda 384, 386 / / / nIlagrIva 416 nAgAjuna 123 -4, 273 nIlapaTa 73 nAgAvaloka 425 nRpurI 443, 574 nAgaura 195, 197 nemikumAra 486 nAthavaMza 53 nemicarita 470, 491 i0 nAthUrAma 34 nemicaMdra 3, 42, 56, 293, 296, nAdirazAha 542 354, 413, 443, 464, 530 nAbhimalhAra 235 nemidUta 491 nAmamAlA 97, 441, 448 nemideva 65, 66, 86 nArAyaNa 71, 78, 317 neminAtha 80 nAlachA 130, 132, 133 / neminAthacariu 467 nAsika 194, 199 neminirvANa 476, 483, 488 nigaMTa nAtaputta 53 neminirvANa-paMjikA 530 nijAmaalI 230 nemipurANa 406 nityamahodyota 136, 137, 409 nemiSeNa 36, 176 nityamahodyota-TIkA 533 nemisena 344 niHpicchika 173, 460 nerUra 88 nimittAdhyAya 72 niyamasAra 10, 11, 569 nainAgiri 215 nirNayasiMdhu 82 naiSadhacarita 386 nomaka 472 niyukti 10, 44, 45, 153 nyAyakumudacaMdra 109, 121, 153, nirvANakANDa 187, 193-4 172, 339, 396, 452, 531 nirvANabhakti 186-7, 190, 191 nyAyamakaraMda 531 203, 209, 215 nyAyamaMjarI 303 nirukti 150 .

Page #622
594 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa nyAyavinizcaya 155, 1356, 400, paramAtmaprakAza 363 403, 413, 531 / paramAra 172, 175, 179, 193, paIThANa 238 323 paumacariu(ya) 42, 60, 272 i0 paramArthopadeza 530 28,, 325, 370, 372-8, paravAra 141 380-3, 385-6,560, 571 parAzara 62, 72, 73 paTTaNa 332 parAzarammRti 545 pataMjali 72, 104, 325 parAzaramAdhavIya 82 patraparIkSA 531 parikarma 10 padakaumudI 464 parikama-TIkA 12 padumalA 265 / parimala 180 padma 542 parIkSAmugna 531 padmagupta 180 parIkSita 72 padmacarita 39, 192, 200. 207, paryaTa 172, 183 210, 272 i0 335, 336, pallIvAla 470 386, 420, 539, 571 palyavratodyApana ',33 padmanaMdi 9 i0, 10, 170, 209, / pavanadUta 298 245-6, 253-4, 341-2, pavA 194 406, 417, 455, 464, 496, pavAjI 193 500, 527,529, 572 paMcapratikramaNasUtra 57 padmanaMdi-paMcaviMzatikA 4, 5. paMcama 238, 555 padmanAbhacarita 533 paMcamI kathA (NAyakumAracariu)373 padmapurANa 211, 213, 215, 277 paMcamIcariya 325 313, 325, 372-3, 431, paMcamicariu 376, 380, 385 paMcamI kahA 467 padmaprabha 570 paMcavastu 100, 108, 109, i. padmaprabha maladhArideva 10,453, 458 padmasiMha 141 paMcavastu-prakriyA 106 padmasena 422, 500, 501 / paMcazailapura 202 papaura 189, 193 | paMcasaMgraha 36, 177, 179, 275; papaurA 193 ma 293

Page #623
nAma-sUcI 595 paMcastUpAnvaya 89, 497 i0 403, 4.0, 431, 452, 453, paMcAcAra 68 466, 536 paMcAstikAya 167, 339, 457 pArzvanAthacarita-paMjikA 150, 533 paMcAstikAya-TIkA 416, 530 ' pArzvanAtha-stotra 46 paMchamaNAha 385 pAcapaMDita 261 paMpa 76, 88, 111, 114 pAzva purANa 269, 344 paMpa rAmAyaNa 114 pAzcAbhyudaya 420, 431,500,504 pAiyalacchI nArmamAlA 324, 327 pAlaka 19 pAlI ( zAMtijina ) 200 pATalika 2 pAlyakIrti ( dekho zAkaTAyana ) 43, pANarASTra 2 56, 150 i0, 154, 161 pANini 72, 74, 93,97, 104-5 pAvakagaDha 192, 219 107, 112, 118, 120, 122, pAvakagiri 218 123, 124-7, 150, 151, pAvAgar3ha 189, 191-2, 218 532 pAvAgiri 189, 192, (dvi) 193, pANinIya 100 222 pANDavapurANa 270, 532-3 pAvAnagara 189 pAvApura (rI) 188 pANDu 73, 202, 255 200 pANDya 73, 75, 263 i0 264, pizuna 62 piMgala 73, 371, 386, 525 pAtUra 230 piMgalachaMda:sUtra 180 pAtrakemarI 501, 537 piMgalaMdi 499 pApApura 189, 193 puNyapurANa 481 pApA-sAha 147 punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa 54, 55, 161 pArijAta-maMjarI 130, 133, 140 punnATa ( saMgha, deza) 19, 55, 89, pAriyatta 253 273, 421, 428, 429, pArisayyA 42 435-6-7 pArzvanAtha-kAvya 465 puraMdara 325 pArzvanAtha-kAvya 111 purANatilaka 299 pArzvanAtha-carita 60, 66, 151, purANasAra 39, 335 155, 215, 300,356, 398, | purudeva campU 141, 142 306

Page #624
596 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa puruSArthasiddhayupAya 54, 456-7 peddaNa bhaTTa 88 pulakezI 358 peddAvijaya 237 pula ( le ) gerI 75, 237 periya purANa 482 pulasti 73 paiThaNa munisuvrata 200 podanapura 201, 217 pulaha 73 ponna 75 puloma 73 ponnali 53 pulomA 63 pomarAja 486, 490 puSkara gaNa 336, 380, 534 / : poysaladeva 357 puSpadaMta 8, 39, 60, 281, 301 paura 495 i0,326,335 6, 370,371 paurapATa 141 373-5, 377, 387, 487, prakANaka 10 571 prakriyA 100, 102 puSpaparIkSA 531 prajApati 72 puSpasena 66, 477, 479, 480 prajJAzramaNa 15, 162 puSyamitra 19, 20, 558 pratiSThAkalpa-TippaNa 534 pustaka gaccha 110 pratiSThAkANDa 72 pUjyapAda ( dekho devanandi ) 69, pratiSprAtilaka 262, 266, 496 70, 72, 74, 88, 95, 96 ' pratiSThAnapura 238 i0, 102, 104, 105, 107, 109, 112-3, 116, 121, ' / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 136, 261 138, 187, 359, 405, 465, 525-6, 538 pratIhAra 425, 427,-8 | pratIhAra vaMza 436 pUjyapAda carita 123 pradyumnacarita 172, 175, 183 i. pUrNa (caMdra ) 242 / prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi 179, 180 pUrvadazIya caityaparipATI 202 prabodhacaMdrodaya 267 pRthusAra 217 / prabhajana 133, 539 pRthvIkoMgaNi 32, 41, 53, 56 prabhAcandra 25, 26, 29, 33, 34 pRthvIrAja 133 58, 106, 108, 109, 113, pRrkhAgaja rAso 192 120,121, 126, 135,153,4 pethaDazAha 242 172, 187, 209, 268-9,

Page #625
nAma-sUcI 313, 335 i0, 337, 396 431, 434, 452, 466, 485 498, 530 prabhAvakacarita 469, 485 prabhUtavarSa 49, 54, 161 pramANanirNaya 404, 531 pramANa - parIkSA 531 prameyakamalamArtaNDa 29, 33, 58, 109, 153,:172, 339, 396, 466, 531 prameyaratnAkara 134, 137 pravacanaparIkSA 241 pravacanasarojabhAskara 339 pravacanasAra 9, 167, 416, 457 pravacanasena 335 praznottara ratnamAlA 161, 518,520 prAkRtavyAkaraNa 209 prAkRtasarvasva 305 prAgvATa 483 prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha 198, 202 prANapriya kAvya 524 priyadarzikA 386 proSThila 16, 255 phalavadvI 208 phalavarddhi 189 phalahor3I 208 phalodhI 208 phirojazAha 542 baccharAja 190, 191 bar3avAnI 189, 207 bar3avAha 206 597 bar3odA 210 baddiga 75, ~, ~3-88, 322, 324, 328, 359 banArasIdAsa 366-7, 560 nikaTu 87, 359 banosI gA~va 236 barAha 203 baladevasUri 31, 32, 52, 56, 422 balanandi 253-4 valamitra 20, 422 balAka piccha 111 balAtkAra 35, 204, 245, 255 336, 337, 343, 406,439, 527, 529, 542 balAhaka 201, 203 ballAla kavi 442 bahudeva 149 baMkApura 236, 294, 507, 514-5 baMkeyerasa 236, 507, 515, 519 baMdaiyA 375-6, 381 baMdhuSeNa 415 bAgar3a 173, 174 bAgar3a gaccha 174 bANa 19, 71, 78, 325, 371, 375, 376-7, 402. 477 banArasImata 367 bArA ( nagara ) 253, 254, 571 bArhaspatya 81 bAlacandra 114

Page #626
598 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa bAlasarasvatI 129,133,140,172 bodhisatvadezIyAcArya 97 bAlacikitsA 417 bopadeva 93 bAhudaMtiputra 62 bosa 71, 78 bijala 322 bauTika 126 bidara 229 bauTikamatatimiropalakSaNa 128 bidhara 230 bauddha 85 bilagola 233 brahmadeva 363 bilhaNa 129, 132, 139, 140 brahma nemidatta 406, 410, 434 bilhaNa-carit 140 brahma purANa 277 vihAra 247 brahmavidyA 416 biMjha 542 : brahmAsUri 261-2, 264-6, 496 bIjagaNita 303 / brahma hemacandra 255 bIjAnagara 237 bhaktAmara carita 180, 440, 451 bIjApura 237 bhaktAmarastotra 524 bIsala ( mAhu) 332, 333 bhaktAmarodyApana 530 budha 525 bhagavatI ArAdhanA 10, 29, 59, buddhacaryA 203 198, 275, 365, 435, 546 buddhila 16, 255 bhagavatIsUtra 252 buddhivilAsa 369, 757 bhagavadvAgvAdinI 95 i0, 125 buddhisAgara 3,3 bhaTTAkalaMka 233, 396, 403, bundelakhaNDa 193, 267 442, 521 bRhaTippaNikA 153 bhaTTi 386 bRhannayacakra 163-7, 167 bhadra 372 bRhanmuni 82 bhadradeva 86 vRhatsarvajJamiddhi 452 bhadrabAhu 15, 57, 59, 233, vRhanmiddhabhakti 38 255-6, 434 bRhaspati 62, 396 bhadrA 495 betavA 194 bharata 73, 302, 305, 309, bodaNagaya 516, 517 314, 316, 321, 325, bodhamAra 35 328-9, 386

Page #627
nAma-sUcI 599 bharatarAja 266 bharatasena 428, 436 bharatAbhyudaya 137 bharatezvarAbhyudaya 134 bharga 73 bhartRmeNTa 71, 78 bhartRhari 71, 78, 99, 440, 441, bhASya 107 bhAsa 71, 78 bhAskarAcArya 271 bhilAlA 206 bhIma 72 bhImanRpAtmaja 490 bhImasena 422 bhISma 72 bhuvanakIrti 1, 406, 527, 529, bhartRharizataka 263, 511 bhavabhUti 71, 78 bhavisayattakahA 467 bhavyakumudacandrikA 136-7, 457 bhavyajanakaNTAbharaNa 141-2 bhavyAnanda 263 bhaNDi ( vama ) 425 bhAganagara 230 bhAgavatapurANa 191 bhAdrapada deza 434 bhAnumitra 20 bhAmaha 371, 386 bhArata ( vikramArjunavijaya ) 76 / bhArata campU 11 bhAradvAja 62-64, 72 bhAravi 71, 78, 116, 325. 441,507 bhAvadeva 424 bhAvanAdvAtriMzatikA 178 bhAvasaMgraha 169, 171, 275 bhAvasena traividyadeva 155 bhAvArthadIpikA 34 i0 mRtadinna 273 bhUtabali 8, 120 bhUtuga 323 bhUpAla 135 bhUpAla-caturvizatikA 135 bhRgu 73 bhRtyAndhra 20 bhairava 302 bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa 366, 415 bhogadeva 455 bhogalla 321 bhojadeva 39, 99, 112-3, 130, 138-40, 172, 180, 184, 313.338, 398, 436, 441, 451, 468, 481 bhojaprabandha 180, 442 bhojasAgara 166 magadha 73 magasImaMDana pArthanAtha 200 maghana 183

Page #628
600 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa maThavAsI 349 maNikuNDalA 73 maNijidaruNa 35 maNiprakAzikA 155 matisAgara 66, 155, 356, 397 405, 454,480 matsyavedha 372 mathurA 11, 173, 241 madana 129, 130, 132-3,141 madanakIrti 130, 138-9,142 madanakati-prabandha 138 madanamaMjarI 138 madanavarma 193 madanArNava 73 madanopAdhyAya 140, 172 madirAkSI 73 madurA 117 madhUka 268 manmathavinoda 73 manu 62, 80, 82, 83 manusmRti 63, 80 mammaTa 402 mayUra 71, 78, 402 mayUrakhiMDI 518 mayUrazRMgI 342-3 mayUramaMgha 341, 343 marIci 73 marudaya 20 markarA 11, 116, 573 malakApura 227 malakher3a 89, 344 malayakIrti 380, 534, malaya giri 152, 160 malayanagara 123 maleyUra 233 malla 189 mallavAdI 163-4 mallibhUSaNa 270, 406, 409, 410,434 mallipeNa 366, 373, 413 i0, 435, 454 masarUla 194 masUtikApura 177, 573 paskari 162 paNa 141 nahasena 183 mahAkarmaprakRti 503 mahAkarmaprakRtyAcArya 32 mahAcandra 106, 110 mahAnandi 107 mahApurANa 60, 302, 307, 312, 315,321,325, 328, 329, 330, 335, 336, 371, 373-4, 387, 414 / mahAprakRtyAcArya 52 mahAbhArata 72, 203, 277, 372 mahAbhiSeka-TIkA 409 mahAvIra 98, 137, 518, 521 mahAvIrastuti 469 mahAvRtti 100, 102, 106, 107, i0, 110

Page #629
nAma sUcI 601 mahAzramaNasaMgha 250 mAthura ( saMga anvaya, gaccha ) 11, mahAsena 172, 175, 183 i0, 198, 420, 431, 538 i0 174, 175, 184, 219, 252, 336, 357, 380, 443, 534 mahIcandra 271 mAthurI vAcanA 45 mahIcandra sAhu 141 mahIpAla 428, 436-7 mAdhavacaMdra vidyadeva 3, 298-9 mahendra 71 mAdhava bhaTTa 123 mAdhavasena 36, 37, 176-7 mahendrakIrti 35, 206, 439, 542 mAnatuMga 441, 451, 524 mahendradeva 66, 77, 78 mAnava 81 mahendrapAla 77, 436, 466 / mAndhAtA 207 mahendrasUri 364 mAnyakheTa 74, 89, 304, 315, mahodadhi 321 maMgarAja 97, 122 mAnyapura ,4, 161 maMDapadurga 51, 363 mArasiMha 294-5, 324 maMDala puruSa 499 mArutadeva 373, 375 maMDalAkAra 143 mArkaNDeya 305 maMdaprabodhikA 299 mAlava (vA) 129, 131, 132, maMdarAya 422 140, 172, 179 mAilla dhavala 163-4, 166, 168 mAlavagaNa saMvat 57 mAuradeva 384-5 mAMgItuMgI 186, 199, 200 mAesara 467 mAMgItuMgI-pUjanavidhAna 197 mAgha 71, 78, 472 mAMDalagar3ha 131, 133, 143 mAghakAvya 69 mAMDavya 525 mAghanaMdi 8, 253-5, 534 mitAkSarA 82 mANikasvAmi 195, 231 mitranaMdi 24, 56, 162 mANikyasvAmi 196, 226 mitravIra 422 mAtali 71 mihirakula 21 mAtaMga 73 muktAgiri 209, 229 mAtaMgAraNya 208 | mugdhabodha 93

Page #630
602 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa mugdhA 302 meghava (u) ra 190 muDiguMDa 123 meghavijaya 367-9, 460 municaMdra 77, 78, 354, 485, meghezvara 266 meDataya 208 munivaMzAbhyudaya 159 meDhAgiri 189, 208 munimuvrata kAvya 141-2 metArya 57, 78, 571 medapATa 486 munisuMdara 354 medhAvI 534 mulaguMda 414 medhya giri 208 muMDIra 73 medhyAraNya 208 muMja (rAja) 172, 175-6, 179, merakIrti 198 180, 183, 440, 441, 468 merutuMga 19, 20 mUgI 238 melapATI 75, 305, 321, 328 mUDabidri 232, 234, 246 melpADI 89 mUlaguMdi 417 melADI 305 mRladeva 385 mahaNa 190 mUlamRlagaNa 55, 56 meMr3haka 201, 217 mUlamaMgha 113, 204, 268, 270, maithilIkalyANa 265 340, 342. 344, 357 i0, mainaparI 197 406. 439, 460, 527, 529, maisUra 159 mokSamArgaprakAzaka 82, 83 mUlAcAra 10, 57, 59, 89, mauni bhaTTAraka 428, 436 mauryavaMza 62 mUlAcAra TIkA 339 yakSavarmA 154-8 malAgadhanA (darpaNa) 23,31,32 i0 ' yajJopavIta 59, 560 i0 ! yativRSabha 6, 7 i0, 188, 202, mUlArAdhanA-TIkA 135, 137 / 299, 568-9 mRlikaTa gaccha 54 yama 63 meghacaMdra vidyadeva 80, 98, 113, yavanadeza 73 114. 456 yaza:kArti 97, 474, 493, 528, meghadUta 212, 268, 491-2, 506 / 534, 572

Page #631
nAma-sUcI yazaHpAla 255 yazodeva 65, 66, 86, 190 77 yazodhara 70, yazodharacarita 87,271, 307,312, 315. 320, 328, 377, 399, 403, 538 yazodhavala 33 yazonandI 97 yazobAhu 16, 255-6 yazobhadra 16, 26, 120, 121, 255 yazovijaya 153, 164, 166 yazazcihna 325 yazastilaka 27, 63, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 76, 78, 83, 88, 89, 322, 328, 359. 362, 406, 408, 442, 453, 548, 562 yazastilaka candrikA 408 yAjJavalkya 80, 82 yAjJavalkyazAstra 81 yAjJavalkyasmRti 83, 550 yApanIya 29, 30, 31, 41 i0, 151-3, 155, 161, 170, 248, 285, 325, 341. 374, 571 yApanIya taMtra 42 yAskAcArya 150 yukticiMtAmaNi 71, 88 yuktiprabodha 367-8, 460 yuktyanuzAsana 430 yuddhamala 70, 86 yuvarAjadeva 180 yoga 85 603 yogapradIpa 409, 440 yogazAstra 72, 94, 447 i0 yogamAra ( prAmRta ) 178, 525-6 yoginIpura 332 yogirA paMDitAcArya 506 raghuvaMza 77, 386 rajjautta 385 ratna 201 ratnakaraNDa 35, 69 ratnakaraNDa - TIkA 339, 559 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra vacanikA 109 ratnakIrti 34 ratnatrayavidhAna 136-7 ratnaparIkSA 72 ratnapAla 470 ratnaprabha 15.3 ratnamAlA 26, 27, 29, 506 ratnamAlikA 1691 ratnamaNDana gaNi 242 ratnamAlA 355 ratnarpi 96, 127 ratnasiMha 524 i0 ratnAkarasUri 474 ratnAkarAvatArikA 153 rathyA 472 ranna 299 ramannA 193

Page #632
604 ravikIrti 56, 441, 507 raviNa 54 ravivappa 385 raviSeNa 39, 192, 200, 207, 210, 272 i0, 325, 375, 386, 420, 431, 539, 559 rasasaMjIvanI 133 rasika saMjIvinI 179 rAghavapANDavIya 464 rAcamalla 293, 299, 413 rAjagRha 203 rAjataraMgiNI 22 rAjamalla 400, 498, 544, 548 rAjavArtika 116, 442, 459, 531 rAjazekhara 43, 71, 77, 78, 138, 154, 301, 465, 474 rAjasiMha 490 rAjahaMsa 486 rAjA (sAhU) 34 rAjAditya 323 rAjAvalIkathe 25, 261 rAjImatI parityAga 488 rAjImatI - vipralaMbha 135, 137, 488, 491 rAjImatI - vilApa 491 rAjendra cola 398 rAThaura 75 rAmakIrti 526, 528 rAmagar3ha 212 rAmagiri 211, 212, 494 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa rAmagoDa 192 rAmacandra 127, 207, 252, 476 rAmabhaTTa 464 rAmarAya 237 rAmasiMha 109 rAmasena 173-5, 344 rAmasenAnvaya 341 rAmAyaNa 277, 280, 371 rAyabAga 238 rAvaNa 417 rASTrakUTa 41, 54, 75, 86, 88, 89, 115, 122, 236, 429 rAsabha ( rAja ) 19, 20 rAhaDa 486 rAhU 272 rimicariu 347, 370, 375 6, 378, 381-2, 384, 386 rudrakumAra 265 rudraTa 325 rUpamAlA 155 rUpasiddhi 155, 397 repAka 87 reva 88 revA 205 resiMdIgiri 214 rohiNI kheDa 304 lakSmaNa 472 lakSmaNasena 272-3 lakSmIcandra 270, 409, 527 lakSmIvarmA 135

Page #633
nAma-sUcI 605 : loha 16, lakSmIvallabha 93, 96 lakSmIstotra 456 lohAcArya 127, 173, 256 lakSmezvara 75, 236 lohArya 255 laghIyatraya 99 vakragIva 537 laghu jainendra 106, 110 vaNakara 238 laghu nayacakra 165-6 vaccharAya 332 laghumAsika 48 vajra 162 laghu samaMtabhadra 28, 478 vajranaMdi 117, 124, 356, 359 labdhisAra 114, 298, 532 431, 537-8 lalaa 385 vajrapaMjara-vidhAna 416 laliasahAva 385 vajrayaza 15, 162 lalitakIrti 474 vajrasUri 431, 537-8 vatsarAja 424-6 lalitavistarA 42, 44 lAr3a-bAgar3a 55, 173-5, 183-4 vanarAja cAvar3A 353 vanavAsa 514 vanavAsI 236,323,347 i0,570 lATa-vagaTa 183 lATIsahitA 544, 548 vappamaTTi 243 licchavi 189 vappuka 323 liMgAnuzAsana 115 vammaatta 384 laMbulapATaka 87 varadatta 190 lokacandra 126 vararuci 72, 73, 434, 441, 451 lokatilaka 32, 53 varAhamihira 72 lokavinizcaya 47 varAMga 190 lokavibhAga 1 i0, 275, 568-9 varAMgacarita 191, 273, 420, lokasena 498-9, 501, 513-4 431, 509 lokAditya 236, 507, 514-5 vardhadeva 537 lokAyata 85 vardhamAna 99,159,191,233,235 lokAMbikA 86 260, 262, 561 lokAgaccha 410 vardhamAnapura 423, 436 loNua 385 vardhamAnapurANa 509

Page #634
606 janasAhitya aura itihAsa varSanaMdi 415 vAdIbhasiMha 66, 398, 477 i0 vallabhacaMdra 183 vAdIbhasiMhopalAlita 478 vallabha naraMdra 314, 315, 317, vAmakIrti ,26 321, 326, 332 vAmadeva 27, vallabhI vAcanA 45 vAmana 99, 115, 118, 487 vasaMtakIrti 51, 363-4 vAyudata 269 vasaMtamatI 73 vAyupurANa 277 vasudeva 464 vAyuvikAra 371 vasudevacarita 280, 281 vASagaNya 118 vasudeva hiMDI 280, 283 vAlmIki 277 vasunaMdi 265, 461, 463, 534 vAsavanaMdi 415 vAmitra 20 vAsavasena 314, 333, 539 vastupAla 244 vaMzadhara 210 vAsima 227 vaMzasthala 210 / vAsupUjya 365, 479 vaMzamthala pura 211 viaDDa 385 vikrama 492 vAkpatigaja 179 vikrama saMvat 557 vAgarAja 76, 88 vAgartha-saMgraha 282, 421 vikramasiMha 357 vAgbhaTa 476, 483 i0, 490 / vikramAditya 441, 557 i. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra 471, 484, 489 vikramArjunavijaya 76, 88 vAgvara 529 | vikramAMka devacarita 139,140, 399 vAcampati tattvakaumudI 532 vikrAMta-kaurava 26, 260, 261, vATagrAma 515 vAtavyAdhi 62 vijaya 16, 19, 255 vAdicaMdrasUri 267 i0 . vijayakIrti 54, 56, 161, 175, vAdibhUpaNa 192, 221, 528-9 357, 406, 517, 527, vAdirAja 66,97,111,150,300, 529,531 / 314, 357, 396 i0, 413, vijayadharmasUri 198, 202 431, 452-4, 466, 471, vijayanagara 122 480, 486, 489 i0, 536 vijayapura 138, 139

Page #635
nAma-sucI 607 vijayasAgara 201 vimalacaMda 32, 53 vijayasiMha 476 vimalasUri 572 i0, 520, 571 vijayAditya 88, 359 vimalasena ( gaNa, mRri ) 170, vijayAcArya 31, 52, 272 344 vijayendra 262 virocana 73 vijayodayA 23, 31, 32, 36. vilhaNa 399 37, 45, 46, 52, 60, 571 vividhatIthakalpa 129, 186, 188, vijJati-triveNI 224 196, 208, 213 vijJAnezvara 82, 550 vividhaprabaMdha 188 vidizA 214 vizAkha 16, 325 vidyA gaNa 344 vizAkhAcAya 255, 421. 435 vidyAnaMdi (da ) 102, 107,120 vizAkhanandana 261 163, 164, 237, 270, vizAlakIrti 112. 130. 138, 405-6, 410 139, 143-4, 476, 730 vidyAnuvAda 366, 416 vizAlAkSa 62-64, 72 vidyAnuzAsana 416 vizeSavAdi 60, 431 vidyApura 475 vizeSAbhyudaya 60 vidyAbhUpaNa 344 vizvatattvaprakAza 157 vidyAvijaya 367 vizvanAtha 200 vinayacandra 130, 140, 464 vizvabhapaNa 197, 200, 440.451 vinayadatta 53 vizvasena 344 vinayaMdhara 16, 422 vizvAsarAva 230 vinayavijaya 93, 96 viSamapadatAtparya 28 vinayasena 174, 500,501 vipApahAra 465, 529 vinAyakapAla 436, 437 viSNu 15 vinuri 235 viSNukAMcI 231 vipula 201, 202 viSNugupta 63 vipulAdri 201, 217 viSNunaMdi 15 vibudha guNanaMdi viSNunaMdI 255 vimalaeva 385 viSNupurANa

Page #636
608 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa viSNuyazodharmA 21 velAlapaTu 87 viSNuvardhana 357, 400 veMgI 86, 517 viMdhyavarmA 129, 130, 132, 133 / vaMgInagara 235 vaijayya 261 vIracaMdra 270, 527 vaidyasAra 122 vIradhavala 218 vaibhAra 201-3, 217 vIranaMdi 80,89.98, 111, 113, vairAgyamaNimAlA 406 253-4,296-7, 300, 455 vairisiMha 140 vIrapAla 34 vaivasvata 63 vIrabhairava 314 vopadeva 94 vIramattaNDI 296 vomiNa 54 vIravit 422 vyAghrahamti 422 vIrasena 26, 113, 173, 175, vyAgheravAla 131 176, 202, 261, 376, 420, vyADi 116, 431 421, 431,431,466,497 i0 vyAsa 71, 72, 78, 203, 325, vIro 332 386 vIsala sAhu 377, 446 vratakathAkoza 409 vRkodarI 73 vAcaTa 305 vRttavilAsa 98 zaka (rAjA) 18 vRddha manu 82 zakaTatanaya 112 vRpardApaka 190, 201, 217 zakaTAMgaja 99 vRpabha 203 zakaTAla 434 vRMdAvana 30, 59, 224, 245 zakuMtalA 550 vRMdAvana-vilAsa 30 zakti ( zAMti ) 253 veAla 385 zatapadI 364 vekoMDurAja 294 zajaya 188, 200, 217-9, veNUra 235 227, 229, 239, 241-2, vetAla 385 246-7 vetravatI 494 zabdAnuzAsana 151, 154, 156, veraNAa 385

Page #637
nAma-sUcI "609 zabdAvatAra 107, 122 zAMta 531 zabdArNava 111-2 zAMtikumAra 572 zabdArNava-caMdrikA 95, 100-5, zAMtideva 454 112 i0, 138, 143 zAMtinAthapurANa 344 zabdArNava-prakriyA 114 i0 zAMtipurANa 75 zabdAMbhojabhAskara 106, 108 i0, zAMtiSeNa 172,175-6,422,431 zAMtisUri 153 zarvavarma 127 zAMtyaSTaka 123-4 zalya 400 zirapura 227 zazikalA 140 zilAgrAma 54 zahAbuddIna 131, 133 zilAditya 428 zaMkararAya 231 zilAhAra 112, 138 zaMkarAcArya 520 zivakAMcI 231 zaMkhajinendra 88, 359 zivakoTi 25, 26, 28, 29,36, zaMkhaparamezvara 237 57, 261, 355 zAkaTAyana 29, 30, 42, 43, 45, zivagupta 25, 422 57, 60, 93, 100, 117, ziva jit 197 118, 127, 150 i0, 518, zivajIlAla 35, 165, 167, 171 532 zivadatta 16, 53, 422 zAkaTAyana-prakriyAsaMgraha 151 / / zivanaMdi 25 zAkaTAyana-nyAsa 154 zivamahimna 303 zAkaTAyana TIkA 155 zivavijaya 198, 225 zAkaTAyana sUtra 158 zivAjI 238 zAradAsadana 130, 141 zivAyana 26, 261 zArGgadharapaddhati 140 zivArya 23, 24, 28, 30,56 i0, zAlAturIya 99 135, 153, 177, 435 zAsanacatustriMzatikA 139 zizupAlavadha 386 zAstravArtAsamuccaya 153 ziMdakheDa 230 zAstrasAra-samuccaya 534 zIlaguNasUri 353 39

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610 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa zIlabhaTTa 314 zrIdevI 123, 316 zIlabhadra 11, 116 zrIdhara 14, 16, 422 zIlavijaya 198, 200, 206, zrInaMdi 39, 254, 336-7 225, 230, 233, 246, 515 | zrIpati 305 zIlopadezamAlA 526 zrIpati-nibaMdha 303 zuka yatIMdra 520 zrIpati bhaTTa 303 zukra 63, 72 zrIpati-samuccaya 303 zukranIti 80, 83 zrIpAla 265, 375, 500, 501 zubhakIrti 476 zrIpAla-caritra 410 zubhacaMdra 98, 113, 122, 150, | zrIpAla (vidya ) 357, 478 233, 245, 406, 409, zrIpAladeva 356, 397, 400,454 44030, 445-6,456, 458, | zrIpAla-AkhyAna 269, 270 527 i0, 572 zrIpura 11, 53, 55 zubhatuMgadeva 321, 326 zrIpurANa 266 zekilAra 482 zrIpurAnvaya 11 zetavAla 555 zrIbhUpaNa 340 i0 zobhana 314, 468 zrImatIkalyANa 262 zramaNa giri 201, 203-4, 215 zrIratnI 131 zravaNagiri 203 zrIraMgapaTTaNa 233 zravaNabelagola 198 zrIvallabha 424, 425 zravaNasena 204 zrIvijaya 45, 52, 253, 269, zrI (?) 15 454 zrIkalaza 41 zrISeNa 176 zrIkIrti 161 zrIharSa.180, 323, 325, 371, zrIkumAra 260-2 384, 386-7 zrIkoTidakaraNa 303 zrutakIrti 100, 106, 108, 110, zrIcaMdra 39, 40, 313, 335 i0, 114 406, 443 zrutapaMcamI kathA 298 zrIdatta 26, 53, 120, 121 / zrutabiMdu 454

Page #639
nAma-sUcI 611 zrutasAgara 44, 51, 66, 363, | sanmati-TIkA.164 406 i0, 480 sanmatiprakaraNa 536 zrutaskaMdha 255 sanmatisAgara 405 zrutaskandha-pUjA 409 sapAdalakSa 86, 143 zrutAvatAra 6, 8, 10, 16, 29, 53, | sabbideza 87 255, 298, 422, 497-8, . samantabhadra 25, 26, 28, 29,57, 568 69, 120, 126, 240, 260. zrutigupta 422 1, 405, 430, 442, 461, zlokavArtika 104, 163, 531 / dekho laghu samantabhadra 537, 559 paTkarmopadeza 176, 275 samayasAra 10, 345 paTakarmopadeza-ratnamAlA 542 samayasAra-TIkA 39, 457 paTakhaMDAgama 10, 12, 202, 503 samayasAra-nATaka 367, 369,560 paTpAhuDa 51 samayasundara 93 paTpAhur3a-TIkA 407 samAdhi-taMtra 99, 121 paTaprAbhRta 44, 363, 410 samAdhitaMtra-TIkA 339 paDdarzanasamuccaya 44 samAdhi-zataka 96, 121 paDvAda (?) 533 samuddhara 141 paNNavatiprakaraNa 71, 88 samudragupta 441, 557 paSTizataka 354 sammedazikhara 188, 207, 217 sakalakIrti 406,527, 529,531 samyagdarzana yaMtra 197 sakalacaMdra 253-4 saraNyApura 263-4 sajanacittavallabha 416 sarasvatI 131, 309 satkarmapaMjikA 503 sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa 126 satkarmaprAbhRta 12 sarasvatI gaccha 255, 343, 406, satyapurIyamahAvIrautsAha 469 439, 527, 529, 542 satyavAkya 260, 262, 356,400 sarasvatI-pUjA 530, 533 satagama 264 sarasvatI-maMtrakalpa 415 sadAsukha 30, 31, 35, 45, 46, sarvagupta 24, 29, 30, 56, 57, 57, 59, 109 153

Page #640
612 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa - - - sarvajJasiddhi 452 sarvatobhadra 219, 533 sarvadeva 468 sarvanandi 2, 4, 7, 11, 275, 569, 570 sarvArtha siddhi 28, 53, 96, 98, 103-5, 121, 296 sarvArthasiddhi-TippaNa 339 salakhaNa 132, 172 sallakSaNa 131, 132 savAlakha 143, 208 sahavAsI vaMza 34 sahasrakIrti 444, 446, 493, 572-3 sahasranAma 137, 409 sahasranAmastavana saTIka 136 / sahasrArjuna 322 saMghadAsa vAcaka 283 saMghapaTTaka 353 saMghavI, saMghI 540 saMjIvanI 140 saMta 321 saMtaiya 321 saMtaranama 264 saMdehadhvAnta-dIpikA 474 saMprati 241 saMbodha-prakaraNa 350, 352, 365 saMzayivadana-vidAraNa 533 saMskRta ArAdhanA 36 i0 sAgaradatta 190 sAgarasena 336 sAgavAr3A 270 sAgAradharmAmRta 98, 134, 136-7 141, 463 sAtakaNi 557 sAmAyika pATha 178 sAmiabbA 374, 376 sAmiyara 358 sArasaMgraha 122 sArasvata gaccha 245 sArddhadvayadvIpaprajJapti 179, 252 sAhasAGka 573 sAhu ( sAdhu ) 541 sAMkhya 85 sAMkhyakArikA 118 sAMgaNa 492 sAMcI 189 sAMbhara 143 sikaMdara 336 sikAkoli 231 siddhacakravrata-pUjA 533 siddhavarakUTa 201 siddhanagara 207 siddhanandi 162, 358 siddhabhUpaddhati-TIkA 502, 512 siddhavara kUTa 189, 205-7 siddhasena 30, 120, 126, 128, 164, 238, 325, 371, 422, 430, 536

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nAma-sUcI 613 siddhahaima 125-7 siddhahaimazabdAnuzAsana 100 siddhAdrikuTa 217 siddhArtha 16, 255 siddhAMtazekhara 303 siddhAMtasAra 270 siddhAntasAra-bhASya 530 siddhivinizcaya 452 sirapura 237 siriujapura 468 siMgaI, siMghaI 540 siMdhakher3i 229, 230 siMdhupati 177 siMdhurAja 180, 183 siMdhula 172, 177, 179, 180, 440, 441 siMha ( saMgha ) 405, 524 siMhakSamAzramaNa 164 siMhagiri 15, 162 siMhagupta 483 siMha cakrezvara 398 siMhadeva gaNi 485-6 siMhanaMdi 299, 406, 537 siMhapura 356, 400, 405 siMhabala 422 siMhabhaTa 180, 328 siMhala 75, 441 siMhavAhinI 430 siMhasUrarSi 4 siMhasUri 2,275, 570 siMhasena 422 sIyaka 180, 323, 328 sIlaiya 306, 321, 376 sIlaNihi 385 suavvA 374 sukumArasena 417 sukRtasAgara 242 sukhendrakIrti 439 suddharAa 385 suddhasahAva 385 suddhasIla 385 sudharma (sa) 16, 255 sudhAsAgara 402 supArzvacandra 14 subodhikA 93 subrahmaNya 234 subhagasulocanA-caritra 270 subhaTa vA 133 subhadra 16, 255 subhadrAharaNa 263, 266 subharamaNi 234 subhASitaratnasaMdoha 36, 175-6 179, 180, 184 subhASitahArAvali 465 sumatikIrti 528-9 sumatideva 536-7 sumati-saptaka 536 surendrakIrti 173, 439

Page #642
614 jainasAhitya aura itihAsa sulocanA kathA 420, 431, 538 | somaprabha 190 suvarNagiri 201 somazreSThI 484 suvarNanadI 234 somezvara 230, 399, 455 suvarNabhadra 192 solaMkI 180, 184 suvijJapti 532 sovanagiri 202 suhaDarAa 385 sohana 321 suhaMkara 168 saura 424, 427 sUkta (kti ) muktAvali 140, 368, saurASTra 41 465 skaMdila 273 sUtrakaMTa 560 staMbha 189 sUtrakRtAMga 48 staMbhatIrtha 244 sUrasena 73 staMbhadeva 141 sUryaprajJapti 252 strImuktiprakaraNa 43 sUryavaMza 86 strInirvANa-kevalibhuktiprakaraNa 152, sUryazataka 402 setava 525 stutividyA 461 senagaNa 255 sthavirAvali 162 senAnvaya 89,497 i. smRtiratnAkara 82 senasaMgha 89, 296 syAdvAdopaniSat 71, 87, 88 senavaMza 414 syAhagar3ha 238 seMdapA 208 svayaMbhu 42, 43, 60, 285, sonAgiri 137, 197, 201, | 325-6, 370 i0 203-5, 223, 239 svayaMbhu-chaMda 325, 382 somakIrti 314 svayaMbhu-vyAkaraNa 385 somadeva 27, 61 i0, 86, 99, svayaMbhustotra-paMjikA 339 100-2, 112-4, 138-9, | svarUpa-saMbodhana 533 314, 322, 328, 359, | svarNagiri 217 362, 396, 408, 453, / svarNarekhA 495 548, 562 svAmikarAja 430

Page #643
nAma-sUcI hanasoge 55 hapavadhana 386, 402, 441 haraatta 385 halAyudha 180 haradeva 141 hastinApura 200 harapati 542 hastimalla 26,260, i0,417,496 haraprabodha 72 haMsasiddhAntadeva 69 hariAsa 385 haMsasoma 202 haricandra 113, 114, 472 i0 hAla 385 haribala 79 himavat 190, 217 haribhadra 42, 44, 94, 95, 128, | hIravijaya 246, 492 164, 177, 238,314, 350, hulapa 360 352-3, 365, 467 hullamayya 360 harivaMza 203, 372, 376, 385, huMbasi 236 387, 420 i0 hUmaca padmAvatI 246 harivaMzapurANa 18-20, 29, 60, hemakIrti 196-7 95, 111, 164,202, 211,213, hemacaMdra 94, 95, 118, 209, 255, 274, 313,371, 373, / 253, 279, 315, 377, 381, 379, 381-2, 387, 446, 387, 409, 447-9, 467, 509, 536-9, 558, 571 486, 571 harivaMsapurANu 378, 380 hemasena 198, 454 hariSeNa 26, 177, 325, 329, hemAcala ( honnUra ) 262 333, 370, 371, 421, 423, hemAdri 82, 233 428-9,43430, 446,468,539 helAcArya 416 harihara (rAjA) 122, 231,506 haima ( zabdAnuzAsana ) 99, 128 harSa 386 hoyasala 261 harSacarita 371 holagiri 237 harSadeva 328 holikA-caritra 270

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