Gujaratno Rajkiya ane Sanskritik Itihas Part 07 Maratha Kal

Author(s): Rasiklal C Parikh, Hariprasad G Shastri
Publisher: B J Adhyayan Sanshodhan Vidyabhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032610/1

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gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMtha cha marAThA kAla zeTha bhALAbhAI jeziMgabhAi adhyayana-sazAdhana vidhAbhavana amadAvAda

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soMzAdhana graMthamAlA - graMthAMka 78 zeTha bheALAbhAI jezi gabhAI adhyayana-sa zeAdhana vidyAbhavana gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMtha 7 marAThA kAla saMpAdakA rasikalAla cheThAlAla parIkha anusnAtaka abhyApaka, sazodha -mArgadarzIka ane nivRtta adhyakSa, zeTha bheA. je. adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda ane hariprasAda gagArIkara zAstrI, ema.e., pIeca.DI. anusnAtaka adhyApaka, saMzodhata-mAdaka ane nivRtta apakSa, zeTha bhA. je. adhyayana-sazAdhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda zeTha bheALAbhAI jezi gabhAI adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana amadAvAda-380 009

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prathama saMskaraNa I.sa. 1981 vi.saM. 2037 kimata-160 =00 prakAzaka pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha adhyakSa bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana, 2. che. bhAga, amadAvAda-380 009 muka naTavaralAla ge Thakkara gItA prinTarI, lAkhA paTelanI paLa, sAMkaDI zerI, amadAvAda-380 001.

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prastAvanA uttarottara kAlakhaMDane lagatA nava graMthomAM jAyelI "gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa"nI graMthamAlAne A 7 mo graMtha che, je I. sa. 1758 thI 1818 nA marAThA kAlane lagata che. gujarAtanA itihAsanA sarva kAlakhaMDemAM A sahuthI TUMke kAlakhaMDa che. chatrapati zivAjIe mughala kAla daramyAna 1664 mAM surata zahera para pahelI caDAI karI, 1716 mAM marAThA saradAra khaMDerAva dabhADee dakSiNa gujarAtamAM sattA jamAvavA mAMDI, pilAjIrAva gAyakavADe 1719 mAM sonagaDhamAM pitAnuM mukhya mathaka sthApyuM, marAThA sainya 1733 mAM amadAvAda para caDAI karI, -damAjIrAva gAyakavADe 1734 mAM vaDodarAmAM rAjadhAnI sthApI, 1737 thI 1753 sudhI gAyakavADoe mughala sUbedAronA aDadhA hissedAra tarIke amadAvAdamAM zAsana karyuM, 17pa3 mAM tyAM pezavA ane gAyakavADanuM saMyukta zAsana sthapAyuM, paraMtu 1756 mAM khaMbhAtanA memAna khAna 2 jAe e jItI lIdhuM, 1758mAM pezavA ane gAyakavADe e pAchuM jItI lIdhuM ne tyArathI tyAM marAThA sattAne amala daDha thayo. gujarAtamAM bIjAM aneka sthaLoe teonI sattA prasaratI gaI ne anyatra teo pezakaza ugharAvavA mulakagIrIo karatA. 1799 mAM pezavAe gujarAtamAMnA pitAnA badhA hakka pAMca varSanA IjArAthI gAyakavADane ApI dIdhA. e IjAro bIjAM dasa varSa mATe laMbA. 1814mAM pezavAe IjArA pharI laMbAvavA AnAkAnI karI. A saMgharSane 1817 mAM aMta Avyo. pezavAe Akhare amadAvAdano kAyamI IjAra gAyakavADane ApI dIdho, 1818 mAM aMgrejo ane gAyakavADe vacce mulakonI adalAbadalI thatAM gAyakavADe amadAvAda zahera tathA dasakroI tAlukA ane bIjA keTalAka pradeza aMgreja kaMpanI sattAne soMpI dIdhA ne DabhAI kaDI okhAmaMDaLa peTalAda siddhapura vagere gAyakavADane maLyAM. Ama gujarAtanA pATanagara amadAvAdamAM bharAThA sattA sAtatyapUrvaka 1758 thI 1818 sudhI artha phakta 60 varSa rahI. A anusAra gujarAtanA ItihAsamAM e kAlakhaMDane "marAThA kAla" gaNavAmAM Avyo che.

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marAThA kAlanA itihAsanI vividha sAdhana-sAmagrI(khaMDa 1 mAM marAThI ane aMgrejI daphatare tathA gujarAtI khatapatro khAsa upakAraka nIvaDe che. e uparAMta phArasI tavArIkho, rAjanIzIo, keTalIka gujarAtI kRtio, saMskRta gujarAtI ane phArasI abhilekha temaja e kAlanA sikkA paNa keTalIka mAhitI pUrI pADe che, chatAM A saMdarbhamAM seMdhavuM joIe ke jevI rIte satanata kAlanA tathA mughala kAlanA itihAsamAM gujarAtanA dareka nAjhima ke sUbedAranI cokkasa sAlavArI sAthe silasilAbaMdha mAhitI maLe che tenI sarakhAmaNIe A nAnakaDA kAlakhaMDa daramyAna nimAyelA pezavAnA tathA gAyakavADanA dareka sUbedAranI evI cekasa mAhitI ghaNuM ochA pramANamAM maLe che. keTalAka sUbedAronAM nAma tathA samaya vize hajI keTalIka aspaSTatA rahelI che. gujarAtane lagatAM marAThI daphataranuM talasparzI adhyayana hajI pUratA pramANamAM prApta thatuM nathI evuM lAge che, chatAM marAThAkAlIna gujarAtanA itihAsa vize chellA dAyakA daramyAna pahelavahelo A graMtha ja lakhAya che ne e paNa I. sa. 1818 sudhInA samagra marAThA kAlane AvarI le ne sAMskRtika ItihAsanAM vividha pAsAMne paNa samAveza kare te svataMtra ane vistRta graMtha A ja che. khaMDa 2 mAM rAjakIya ItihAsa nirUpAyo che. emAM pahelAM chatrapati ane pezavAonA tathA teonA adhikArIonA gujarAta sAthenA pUrva saMparkonI rUparekhA AlekhavAmAM AvI che (pra. 2 ). emAM gAyakavADanA rAjyanA udaya tathA abhyadayane pUrvavRttAMta paNa alaga AlekhAya che. prakaraNa 3 thI 5 mAM I. sa. 1758 thI 1818 sudhI pezavA tathA gAyakavADane amala gujarAtamAM kevI rIte pravaryo ne enI kevI caDatI thayA karI ene lagate vRttAMta vigate nirUpAyo che. A daramyAna gujarAtamAM aMgrejonuM prabhutva dhIme dhIme jAmatuM gayuM ne chevaTe 1818 mAM teoe gujarAtamAMnA enA aneka agatyanA pradeza hastagata karyA enI saMkSipta samIkSA pariziSTarUpe karavAmAM AvI che. samakAlIna hiMdu tathA muslima rAjyone vRttAMta (pra. 6) agAunI sarakhAmaNIe vadhu vigate maLe che. jADejA vaMzanI sattA kaccha ane navAnagara uparAMta dhroLa rAjakeTa geMDaLa ane morabImAM mahattva dharAvatI. evI rIte jhAlA vaMzanI sattA paNa chaeka rAjyomAM pravartatI. emAM haLavada-zAkhAnI rAjadhAnI have dhrAMgadhrAmAM rakhAI. bhAvanagara lAThI pAlItANA ane rAjapIpaLAmAM gRhila vaMzanI sattA cAlu rahI. teonI eka navI zAkhA vaLA

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( valabhIpura )mAM sthapAI. iDaranA rAThoDa rAjAenI sattAne marAThA kAlamAM hAsa thayeA. amarajI jevA DhAkhela dIvAnAnA pratApe jUnAgaDhanA navAbI rAjyane abhyudaya thayA. khAkhI vavaMzanI eka zAkhA rAdhanapuramAM hatI ja, have eka khIjI zAkhA vADAzitAramAM rathapAI. pAlanapuranA hetA NI vaMza ane khabhAtanA navAkhI vaMzane paNa anya rAjyAnI jema chevaTe a MgrejonuM Adhipatya aMgIkAra karavuM paDayuM. surata tathA bharUcanI navAdita navAbI para a MgrejonI bhIMsa kacAranIya zarU thaI cUkI hatI. saurASTranAM moTAMnAnAM rAjyAmAM pezavA ane gAyakavADa cAya udharAvavA vAraMvAra mulakagIrI phAja mekalatA. prakaraNa 7 mAM A kAlanA rAjyataMtranI rUparekhA AlekhI che temAM ceAtha ane sadezamukhInI prathA noMdhapAtra che. ijArAzAhInI prathAne lIdhe marAThA zAsana raiyatanA zASaNanuM pratIka khatI gayuM hatuM. marAThA kAlanA sikkAomAM mughala sikkA-paddhatinI vipula asara cAlu rahI, paraMtu have emAM keTalAMka viziSTa cihna ane sthAnika rAjAonAM nAma umerAtAM. vaDAdarAmAM bhAmAzAhI sikkA zarU thayA. gujarAtanAM badhAM sthAnika rAjyAmAM sikkA pADavAnI pahela kacche karI hatI. kaccha uparAMta perabaMdara jUnAgaDha ane navAnagaranI kerIe jANItI hatI. mughalAne suratane rUpiyA samagra muMbaI ilAkAmAM calaNa tarIke mA-ya thayA hatA. phira`gI phrenca ane briTiza sattAnA sikkA paNa paDAvA lAgyA hatA. agAunA graMthAnI jema A graMthamAM paNa sAMskRtika itihAsane pUratu mahattva apAyuM che, kemake itihAsa have rAjakulAmAM sImita na rahetAM prajAnA sAMskRtika jIvananAM vividha pAsAMne paNa AvarI le che. prakaraNa 8 mAM marAThI kAlanI sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti AlekhavAmAM AvI che temAM ' agaNAtA kAla ' (saM. 1869 nA dukALa) khAsa teoMdhapAtra che. . praznaraNa 9 mAM A kAlanA sAhityanI rUparekhA AlekhAI che. A DhAlanA sAhityakArAmAM zAmaLa dhArA bhAjo ane prItama suprasiddha che. marAThA zAsana daramyAna phArasI bhASA rAjya--kArakhAranI bhASA tarIke cAlu rahI, paraMtu sAhityasarjanamAM enI gati maMda paDI hatI. phArasI sAhityamAM itihAsa ane jIvanacaritra uparAMta zabdakoza noMdhapAtra che. emAM racAyela rAjanIzIe prakAzita thAya te| tihAsa para ghaNA prakAza paDe ema che.

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marAThA kAlanA dha``pradAyA( pra. 10 )mAM svAminArAyaNa saMpradAye dhArmika sudhAraNAnuM prazasya kAya kayuM. kavi dayArAme puSTimAgane gujarAtabharamAM lokapriya banAvyA. aMgrejonuM varthAMsa sthapAtAM surata bharUca vagere sthaLAe khristI dharmAMnA pracArane vega maLyA. have razamana kaeNthalika uparAMta preTesTanTa soMpradAyanI mizanarIo paNa ahIM pravRtta thaI. khaMDa 4( purAtattva )mAM A kAlanAM sthApatya ane zilpaneA temaja citra saMgIta ane nRtya kalAonA paricaya ApavAmAM AvyA che. A kAlamAM vaDAdarA naDiyAda bhAvanagara vagere zaherAne vikAsa thayA, jyAre amadAvAda jevAM zaherAnI durdazA thaI. marAThAoe baMdhAvelAM devAlayAmAM sthApatyasvarUpa badalAyuM. DAkAranu hAlanu raNacheDajInuM madira A kAlamAM baMdhAyuM. sArasAmAM sat-DevalanuM ma Mdira baMdhAyu, prabhAsapATaNamAM IMdAranAM mahArANI ahalyAbAIe sAmanAthanuM navuM nAnuM ma Mdira baMdhAvyu, zatru Mjaya paryaMta para keTalAMka nAnAMmeTAM jaina derAsara baMdhAyAM. citrakalAnA keTalAka suMdara namUnA pothIcitrAmAM tathA bhitticitrAmAM maLe che. bhitticitra madirA uparAMta rAjamaheleAmAM AlekhAyelAM che. temAM bhUjanA AyanA mahelamAM tathA aMjAranA mekarDInA baMgalAnAM bhitticitra khAsa ullekhanIya che. gujarAtanI saMgItakalAnA tathA nRtyakalAnA vRttAMta agAunA graMthAmAM apAyA na heAI ahIM marAThA kAla pahelAMnA vRttAMtanIya rUparekhA ApavAmAM AvI che, nRtyakalAnA nirUpaNamAM rAsa ane garabA-- garabIne temaja bhavAInA paricaya khAsa noMdhapAtra che. briTiza IsTa inDiyA kaMpanI dvArA A kAla daramyAna muMbaI TApunA zahera tathA baMdara tarIke vikAsa thayA temAM surata navasArI vagerenA pArasIee agrima phALA Apelo che. A uparAMta kaccha saurASTra ane taLa-- gujarAtanA hiMdu vepArIenA phALA paNa gaNanApAtra che. AthI muMbaInA AraMbhika vikAsamAM gujarAtIonA phALA vize graMthanA a Mte khAsa pariziSTa ApavAmAM AvyuM che, agAunA graMthAnI jema A graMthamAM sa` prakaraNAmAM agatyanAM vidhAnA mATenA AdhAra pAchIpamAM ApavAmAM AvyA che ane sa` saMskRta gujarAtI marAThI aMgrejI vagere gra MthAnI vigatavAra sa MdarbhasUci paNa ApavAmAM AvI che. manuSyA tathA sthaLA vagerenAM vizeSanAmAnI zabdasUci paNa ApavAmAM

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AvI che, jenA vinA AvA saMdabhagraMthanI upayeAgitA UNI rahe 60 varSa "jeTalA TUMkA gALAnA A kAlakhaMDamAM koI navAM zahera bhAgyeja vasyAM hAI A bhAgamAM nakazA ApavAnI jarUra lAgI nathI, paraMtu sthApatya zilpa ane citrakalAne lagatA namUnAonAM citra ApyAM che. vaheMzAvaLIe mAtra pezavAonI tathA gAyakavADAnI ApI che. A kAlakhaMDa ghaNA TUMkA hAI samakAlIna rAjava zeAnI vaMzAvaLIenu N anusa MdhAna graMtha 8 mAM karavAmAM Avaze. A graMthamAlAnA lekhana tathA prakAzananA kharca aMge amane pahelethI gujarAta rAjya sarakAra taraphathI 75 TakA jeTalA anudAnanI Arthika sahAya maLatI rahI che e mATe ame enA ghaNA AbhAra mAnIe chIe. itihAsanA aneka abhyAsIe taraphrathI paNa amane sakriya sahakAra maLyA che. eTaluM kharuM ke gujarAtanA itihAsamAM jema jema prAcInathI arvAcIna kAla tarapha AvatA jaIe chIe tema tema enA tajjJAnI khATa varatAya che. keTalAka vidvAnee pote pahelethI gujarAtanA A kAlanA ItihAsanA te te pAsAnA pahelethI tana na hovA chatAM A mATe ene khAsa abhyAsa karI te te prakaraNa ke pariziSTa taiyAra karI Apyu che. AvA graMthanI guNavattAnA pramANatA ghaNA AdhAra enA vidvAna lekhakAnI niSThA ane kAryakSamatA para rahelA che. keTalAka atipravRtta rahetA vidvAneAnAM lakhANa aneka ugharANI pachI chellI ghaDIe maLelAM hAI enA sAMpAdana mATe pUratA samaya maLyA nathI ene amane thoDAka vasavaseA rahe che. A graMthamAlAnA chellA be graMthA mATe vidvAna lekhakonA sakriya sahakAra amane samayasara sAMpaDe evI AzA rAkhIe. A graMthanA saMpAdana-kAmAM tathA vaMzAvaLIe taiyAra karavAmAM amane amArA saha-kAkara Do. pra. ci. parIkhaneA satata sakriya sahakAra sAMpaDayo che. prUphavAcanamAM saha-kAryakara adhyApaka ke. kA. zAstrIe temaja haiM. pra. ci. parIkhe satata sakriya sAtha ApyA che. saMdarbha sUci tathA zabdasUci taiyAra karavAmAM saha-kA kara DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelate ghaNI jahemata lIdhI che, amArA A saha-kArya kareAnI sevAnI ahIM sAbhAra noMdha laIe chIe. citrA mATenA phoTogrApha ApavA mATe temaja citrAnA prakAzana mATe te te saMsthA tathA vyaktinA saujanyanI kRtajJatApUrvaka nAMdha laIe chIe.

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aneka vidvAnenA samUha vaDe taiyAra thayele marAThA kAlane lagato A graMtha gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsanA abhyAsIone A graMthamAlAnA agAunA graMthonI jema upayogI nIvaDaze ne rAjya sarakAranA mAtabara anudAnane laIne ghaNI ochI kiMmate maLatA A daLadAra sacitra graMthanI prata kharIdIne gujarAtanA itihAsamAM rasa dharAvatI sarva saMsthAo tathA vyaktio A graMthamAlAne sakriya sAhana AptI raheze evI AzA rAkhIe chIe. bhe. je. vidyAbhavana 2. che. mArga, amadAvAda-9 tA. 31-1-1981 rasikalAla cho. parIkha hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI saMpAdaka

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prastAvanA anukramaNI citrAnI sUci RNasvIkAra saMkSepa-sUci zuddhipatraka anukramaNI khaMDa 1 prAstAvika prakaraNa 1 sAdhana-sAmagrI 1 marAThI ane aMgrejI daphatarI le. ramezakAMta geA. parIkha, ema.e., pIeca. DI. itihAsanA prAdhyApaka, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa 2 phArasI tavArIkheA rAjanIzIo vagere le. jhiyAuddIna abdulhe desAI, ema. e., DI. liTa. suparinTenDiMga epigrAphisTa Ara eNrebika eNnDa parziyana inskripzansa, Arkiyolojikala sarve Apha inDiyA, nAgapura 3 saMskRta-gujarAtI abhilekhA le. hariprasAda ga`gAzaMkara zAstrI, ema. e., pIeca. DI. nivRtta adhyakSa, bheA. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda 4 arakhI-qArasI abhilekhA ane sikkA le. jhiyAuddIna abdulhe desAI, ema. e., DI. li. 5 khatapatrA le. hariprasAda gaMgAzakara zAstrI, ema. e., pIeca. DI. hu itihAsApayeAgI sAhitya I a 2 va o 11 17 18 19 20 3 10 16 20 le. bhAgIlAla jayaca'dabhAI sAMDesarA, ema. e., pIeca, DI. nivRtta niyAmaka, eriyenTala insTiTara, vaDAdarA

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khaMDa 2 28 rAjakIya itihAsa prakaraNa 2 chatrapatio ane pezavAo ane teonA tathA teonA adhikArIonA gujarAta sAthenA pUvasa parka 11 marAThA chatrapati ane pezavAo le. yatIvra idrazaMkara dIkSita, ema. e., pIeca. DI. adhyakSa, ItihAsa-vibhAga, ha. kA. ArTasa koleja, amadAvAda -2 marAThA zAsakAnA pUrva-saMparka le. ramaNalAla ka. dhAraiyA, ema. e., pIeca. DI, ItihAsanA nivRtta prAdhyApaka, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda pariziSTa 48 gAyakavADanuM rAjya le. razakata ge. parIkha, ema. e., pIeca.DI, prakaraNa 3 pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane amala le. pravINacaMdra cimanalAla parIkha, ema. e., pIeca. DI. kAryakArI adhyakSa, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda prakaraNa 4 le ramezakAMta ge. parIkha, ema. e., pIeca. DI. pezavA mAdhavarAva 1 le zivA nArAyaNarAva ane radhunAtharAva pezavA mAdhavarAva 2 je 87 91 5

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131 134 prakaraNa 5 pezavAI sattAnI paDatI le. ramezakAMta ge, parIkha, ema. e., pIeca. DI. zivA mAdhavarAva ra je (cAlu) 101 pezavA bAjIrAva 2 je 105 pariziSTa 1 gAyakavADanA vaDodarA rAjyane itihAsa le. ramezakAMta ge. parIkha, ema. e., pIeca. DI. geviMdarAva 125 sayAjIrAva 1 le 126 phatesiMharAva 1 le mAnAjIrAva 133 goviMdarAva (2 jI vAra) AnaMdarAva 137 pariziSTa 2 gujarAtamAM aMgrejonuM jAmatuM prabhutva 159 159 le. yatI drazaMkara dIkSita, ema. e., pIeca. DI. prakaraNa 6 samakAlIna rAjya li. kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrI, vidyAvAcaspati, mahAmahimopAdhyAya mAnArha adhyApaka, bha. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda 1 jADejA vaMza 167 11 dharamapuranA sisodiyA 201 2 jeThavA vaMza 18 12 pATaNanA kaNabI desAI 202 3 jhAlA vaMza 183 13 bAbI vaMza 204 4 paramAra vaMza 1857 138 mAMgaroLanA kAjhI zekha 217 5 gRhila vaMza 188 14 pAlanapurane hatANa vaMza 218 6 okhAmaMDaLane vADhela vaMza 196 15 khaMbhAtane navAbI vaMza 221 7 jasadaNano khAcara kAThI vaMza 196 16 bharUcanI navAbI 225 8 IDarano rAThoDa vaMza 197 17 sacInanA sIdI navAba 228 9 khIcI cauhANa vaMza 199 18 suratanA navAba 229 10 selaMkI vaMza 200 19 keTalAMka prakIrNa sajya 234

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prakaraNa 7 rAjyataMtra le. hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI, ema. e., pIeca. DI. ane catoM drazaMkara dIkSita, ema. e. pIeca. DI. vahIvaTI vibhAge zAsake ane adhikArIo AvakanAM sAdhana nyAya saiinya 248 249 257 290 261 pariziSTa gujarAtamAM pracalita sikA le. bhAskararAya la. mAMkaDa, bI.e, elaela.bI., DI. myujha. nivRtta niyAmaka, myujhiyamsa, gujarAta rAjya zAhI mughala calaNa marAThAonA sikakA dezI rAjyonA sikkA piTugIjha sikkA phreca kaMpanInA sikkA briTiza IsTa InDiyA kaMpanInA sikkA 268 269 ra7ra 273 273 khaMDa 3 sAMskRtika itihAsa prakaraNa 8 sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti ra77 le. bhegIlAla jayacaMdabhAI sAMDesara, ema. e. pIeca. DI.

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289 299 307 puravaNI muslima samAja le. zAMtilAla maNilAla mahetA, ema. e. elaela. bI. adhyApaka, dhamedrasiMhajI ArTasa koleja, rAjakoTa prakaraNa 9, sAhitya saMskRta sAhitya 293 le. bhAratIbahena kItikumAra zelata, ema. e. pIeca. DI. adhyApaka, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda gujarAtI sAhitya le. kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrI, vidyAvAcaspati, mahAmahimopAdhyAya arabI, phArasI, urdU sAhitya li. zAMtilAla maNilAla mahetA, ema. eelaela. bI. prakaraNa 10 dharma-saMpradAye 1 hiMdu-jaina 316 le bhegIlAla jayacaMdabhAI sAMDesarA, ema. e., pIeca. DI. 2 IslAma - 323 le. zAMtilAla maNilAla mahetA, ema. e., elaela. bI. 3 jarathostI dharma 327 le. cinubhAI jagannAtha nAyaka, ema. epIeca. DI. AcArya, ha. kA. ArTsasa koleja, amadAvAda 4 khristI dharma | * * . . . 329 le. masa beragrAma paramAra, ema. e. adhyApaka, ha. kA. ArTasa koleja, amadAvAda,

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1 sthApatya 2 zilpa le. pravINacaMdra cimanalAla parIkha, ema. e., pIeca. DI. 16 khaMDa 4 purAtattva prakaraNa 11 sthApatya ane zilpa prakaraNa 12 citra saMgIta ane nRtya le. cinubhAI jagannAtha nAyaka, ema. e., pIeca. DI. citrakalA saMgItakalA nRtyakalA le. kirITakumAra jeThAlAla dave, ema. e., elaela. bI. rajisTarliMga oNphisara (enTiviTIjha ), purAtattva khAtuM, gujarAta rAjya pariziSTa arvAcIna muMbainA AraMbhika vikAsamAM gujarAtIone phALe le. hiraprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI, ema. e., pIeca. DI. 338* saMdarbha sUci va...zAvaLI zabdasUci 358 377 385 390 399 anukRti sAdhana-sAmagrI : marAThI ane agrejI daphatara tathA graMthA 411 le. ramezakAMta geA. parIkha, ema.e., pIeca. DI. 416 431 432

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3 4 5 7 9 20 2 2 2 2 2 u 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 AkRti 1-6 : 7-126: 13+ 745 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 *** la 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 27 - citronI sUci vikA * sikkA mahArarAvanA mahela, kaDI bAlAjI maMdira, surata raNachoDarAyajInuM maMdira, DAkAra satkeveLanu ma Mdira, sArasA-kha bhALaja ' kRSNa maMdira, amadAvAda. hAphezrvara madira, amadAvAda rUSAjIrAvanI chatrI, pATaNu dardIvAjo, bhUtezvara mahAdeva, bhUtiyA vAsaNA ahalyAbAIe karAveluM seAmanAtha madira, prabhAsa pATaNa USvadarzIna, zivamaMdira supeDI aDAvara, muralImaneharanuM maMdira, supeDI jaDezvara maMdira, jaDezvara ( vAMDhAnera ) lakhapatajInI chataraDI, bhUja premacaMda lavajInI TUMka paranuM madhyamAMdira, zatru Mjaya ratanacaMda jhaveracaMdanu maMdira, zatru jaya lakhapatI pIranI daragAha, lakhapata jamAdAra kuMtehamAmadanA rAjo, bhuja gaNupati, gaNupati maMdira, amadavAda lakSmInArAyaNu, lakSmInArAyaNanuM maMdira, amadAvAda umAmahezvara, hATakezvara maMdira, amadAvAda viSNu, dUdhanAtha mahAdeva, bhUtiyA vAsaNA kubera, pALiyAda pratIhAra, bhImanAtha ( dhaMdhukA pAse ) tApasa, jaina ma Mdira, sAjiMtrA pALiyeA, zAmaLAjI mahiSAsuramardinI, azvinIkumAra, surata gaurI madira, barADA myujhiyama, vaDodarA ...

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ra4 * * * * * 44 46 4-49 padmAvI, mujhiyama, vaDodarA dIpalakSmI, baroDA myujhiyama, vaDodarA bAlakRNano gulA, araDA myujhisa, vaDodarA arAvata, kaccha mima, bhUja : . aMbikA, baDA myujhiyama, vaDodarA mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA makAnanI kataraNa, pirabaMdara vANAdhAriNIo, baroDA myujhiyama, vaDodarA nArIkuMjara, ajitanAtha maMdira, amadAvAda chaDIdAra, surata myujhiyama, surata : " aDhAra zIlAMga- " mAMnuM citra, amadAvAda "daMDaka baladAra " mAnuM citra, amadAvAda "sUryasahasranAmastotramAMnuM citra, amadAvAda bhIMtacitra, vaijanAtha mahAdeva, seDA rAyadhaNajInuM vyakticitra, bhUja hastiyuhanuM dazya, mekarDone baMgale, aMjAra laMkA dahana, memane baMgale, aMjAra 50 5 4. para . pa3 54 55 : : 57 - 3ra :- . RNasvIkAra [citronA phoTogrApha pUrA pADavA mATe ]. khareDA myujhiyama : 1 thI 12, 39 thI 42, 44, 47 thI 49 Do. harilAla gaudAnIH 13, 15, 16, 19 thI 25, 33 thI 36, 54 purAtatvakhAd, gujarAta rAjya H 14, 7, 50, 26, 57 lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, amadAvAda : 51 thI 53 pemala sTeDiye, bhUja : 43

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saMkSepusuci IK NS BBMPG Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery CCTMc Catalogue of Coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta . GBP Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency GBS Gazetteer of the Baroda State GIAH Gujarat : Its Art Heritage GSG Gujarat State Gazetteers Inscriptions of Kathiawad JBBRAS Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society JGRS Journal of Gujarat Research Society JNSE Journal of Numismatic Society of India MS i Maratha Supremacy (Ed. by R. C. Majumdar ) MSG Maharashtra State Gazetteer MSGH Maharashtra State Gazerteer, History Numismatic Supplement : PRC Poona Residency Correspondence RLARBP Revised List of Antiquarian Remains in the Bombay Presidency TSPK The Temples of Shatrunjaya-Palitana in Kathiawad WCG Wood Carving of Gujarat ( by R. K. Trivedi ) .... gu.vi.ha.li.! saMgraha gujarAta vidyAsabhA hastalikhita pustakasaMgraha - prAcIna kAvyamAlA (saMpA.haragoviMdadAsa kA. kAMTAvALA) prA. kA. zai. prAcIna kAvya gaimAsika (varSa 3, 4, 5 nA aMke) prA. kA. jI. prAcIna kAvyasudhA (saMzodhaka : chaganalAla vi. rAvaLa) phA. gu. sabhA phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA za.sahali.pu. phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA hastalikhita pustaka saMgraha bu. kA. de. ' bahat kAvyadohana (saMgrAhaka IcchArAma sUryarAma desAI) bhA. rA. saM. bhArata rAjamaMDala va. vi. saM. 5.." ' valabhavidyAnagara saMzodhanapatri '. kAre che. zarIra saina vasaMka6 e prA. . .

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'zuddhipatraka Sunnuds - Poona Despatches guladastae vikAe. 5 : - 11 28 6 25 azuddha Sanads etc. Paona Despaches guladastae vikAye e phale. mutsadI 1768 tAmralekhAmAM khAnakhAnA rAdhU khurzidanigAha mughala 18 02 sikkAe mughala hAstalikhita 9 * 11 13 25 30 3 1778 abhilekhamAM khAnekhAnAM ' ' , , khuzIdanigAha mughala : 14 15 # e = * = = = = * = = t . * 0 = = = = * = $ 18 9 '... 1802 mAM sikae mughala hastalikhita 2 , lekha(IK.lekhaIK, lekhamAM Supplement Proceedings pitAne ' . sthApo 28 ra9 7. 2 5 lekha JK..lekha IK, lekhamAM Suppiment Proceeding pitAnA - 2 | cane bhIlapura 29 / 15 ja 34. 6 '. 35 7 41 23 42 23 1773 1 bhIlApura 1733 vAnuM vAdAnuM

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* 47 48 51 54 >> x= 99 85 93 94 98 101 4 Re 14 15-16 18 17 22 28 26 20 taja, 6 x 12,15 15 12 24 15 102 11 105 18 3. 21 amadAvAne Appindix vyavasthi sattA sthApavAnA bhAgalANAmAM pitAmaha naMdAjI savArInI makhathulAbAda mANyu peAtAnA meLavI dehaja radhuvAyarAve Parashis ApavavAmA BGP amadAvAddanA vi. raghunAtharAva (I.sa. 1774 thI 1780) sAme bhIlapura 1975 20 sUbeArAnI herapherI bAlAjI pezavAnA sUbA AkhA zelUr gujarAtAM amadAvAdane Appendix vyavasthita sattAnA sthApananA bhAgalANamAM pitAmaha na dAjIe savArAnI makhUlAbAda Apyu peAtAnA meLavI daheja radhunAtharAve Parashnis ApavAnA GBP amadAvAdanA (I.sa. 1774 thI 178 0 cAlu) vi. raghunAtharAva sAthe bhIlApura 1775 26 pezavA mAdhavarAva 2 jo (I.sa. 1780thI1795): sUbedAronI herApherI bAbAjI pezavA bAjIrAva 2 jo (I.sa. 1796 thI 1818) pezavAnA sUe AkhA zelUra gujarAtamAM

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: do. okaTobara 106 107 108 109 111 112 118 21 13 11 1 18 : 1803 AvyA. 24 avarodhe sapTembara 2e 1802. bAvyA.23 avarodho 8 22 karAka gAyakavADI ( 123 karAra gAyakavADI keTalIka 131 keTalIka 132 5 khaMDaNI khaMDaNI na janarala ' ' cUkavavAnI bhagavaMtasava 136 dhaMdhukA 17 janarala cUkavAnI bhagavaMtarAya dhaMdhukA gehanAbhAIe 1, 1801 1801 bhArI lasTara 60,000 18 147 148 150 vATAghATe kaMDIla 300 151 161 2 164 168 170 186 108 193 bAbAjI gehanAbAIe 29, 1802 1802 bhAre lakara 6,000 e jutha vATAghATo. kuMDhelA 3,000 bAlAjI 9, pR. 93-9 . 1801 bahAravaTe saMtha (saMtarAmapura) topamAre 25 29 3 29 7. 28 12 9 12 99, pR. 73 74 bahAvaTe topa mAre

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majabuta 13 cama, 217 para bAbAjI 203 21 mujabUta 13 221 12 224. . bAlAjI - 225 20 mahamUdazAhe 227 aMgrejoe 21 navAbakhAna gAyakalADa athamANa 17, 25 30 232 - 30 - 233 6, 10, 11, 20 hAphIjha 236 236 22 umedasiMhajI sUrasiMhajI - - - - * .86 - muhamadazAhe aMgrejoe navAjhakhAna gAyakavADa athaDAmaNa hAphijha yada siyada jo 237 hAphijha umedasiMhajI sUrajasiMhajI 2 je 1699 vAlevaDA mauja kahetA 13 245 3 1 99 valIvaDA moja mahetA 248 27 251 duSkRtyo 256 258 18-19 13 *-- 2 1 = * = 262 21 mahesulanI gujAratamAM anizcitatA pADavavAmAM ghAsadA paraMtu AlIyagIra bhA. 2 Supptement Vot. V, p. 79 263 264 265. mahesUlanI gujarAtamAM anizcitatA paDAvavAmAM dhAsadA paraMtu e AlImagIra "mIrAte ehamadI', bhA.2 Supplement Vol. v, p. 97 pt. 3 ra76 ' pl.

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22 283 285 286 287 258 321 322 323 331 335 336 341 344 3para 313 355 358 381 395 401 404 413 3 5 25 15 cha 11 28 7 12 27 15 18 24 1 26 18 32, 36 2 dhara- 4 30 24 18 25 26 nahetA ane 23 adhavadha pramANamAM sikkAone cAdImAM heravavAnI pakaDAtAM. hAvAtA yAtrikA haiyAM te nAkhavAnAM kukama karyAM hatAM. e jananuM telakaTadI hitAsa makAhI hAphIjhuddIne maharAje mIyAmAma (tA. dhaMdhukA sabhanAya prayAta jIva vaNajharA * tarIdyuM muMbaI Palanpnr... Mhikantha Natuot nahAtA eka adhavaca pramANamAM rUnI nikAsa 3 sikkAInA cAMdImAM pheravavAnI pakaDAtAM, hAvAnI yatie haiyAMne nAkhavAnA hukama karyo hatA. e zarU jAna Telare tekaTArI itihAsa makATI hAphrijhuddIne mahArAje miyAMgAma ( tA. dha dhukA ) sabhavanAtha prayAsa zava vaNajhArA * tarIke muMbaI Palanpur... Mahikantha Narukot

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khaDa 1 prAstAvika prakaraNa 1 sAdhana-sAmagrI 1, marAThI ane aMgrejI daphatare gujarAtamAM marAThAonAM praveza, sattA-sthApana ane rAjya-amala aMgenAM etihAsika AdhArasAdhana vividha prakAranAM che. gujarAtanA marAThA kAlanA ItihAsa mATe e ghaNAM upayogI che. pahelAM marAThI AdhAre joIe. pezavAnAM daphatarAmAMthI khyAtanAma marAThA ItihAsavidda goviMda sakhArAma saradesAIe mahattva dharAvatA kAgaLapatra pasaMda karI enuM saMpAdana 45 jeTalA bhAgomAM pezave utaratuna niveda vad nAme karyuM che. ne e bhAgo Selections from Peshwa Daftar tarIke jANItA che. e bhAgo paikI gujarAta sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA bhAgomAM naM. 12, 13, 14, 16, 34, 43 ane 45 upayogI che. naM. 12 mAM senApati dAbhADe ane gujarAta parano vijaya, naM. 13 mAM marAThAono mALavAmAM praveza, naM. 14mAM uttara bhAratamAM marAThAonA vijaya, naM. 16 ane 34mAM marAThAonI vasAI paranI caDAIo, naM. 43 mAM pezavAkAla (1727-1797) daramyAnanI sAmAjika ane dhArmika bAbate tathA naM. 45 mAM marAThA vahIvaTane lagatA dastAvejo ApavAmAM AvyA che. loTa(dakSiNa gujarAta)mAM marAThAonI sattA vize marAThI daphatarane saMgraha je mATI tihAsi seva be bhAgamAM vidyAnaMda svAmI zrIvAstava saMpAdita karyo che. pahelA bhAga (1670-1818)mAM lATamAM marAThI sattAne udaya ane patana tathA marAThAonA vAMsadAnA caulukayo sAthenA saMbaMdha vizenAM I-7-1

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marAThA kAla [ pra. daphatarono samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. lekhasaMgrahanA bIjA bhAgamAM (174ra -1818) lATamAM marAThI sattAne udaya tema patana tathA aMgrejonA e vistAramAM thayelA Agamana vizenAM daphatara che. daphatarano mULa pATha prathama marAThImAM ane enI nIce aMgrejImAM enuM bhASAMtara bhAvAnuvAdarUpe ApavAmAM AvyuM che. prathama bhAgamAM 127 ane bIjA bhAgamAM 131 daphatara che. vI. vI. khare- saMpAdita itihAsi saMgraha, jenA 14 graMtha che, temAM 13 me graMtha gujarAta sAthenA marAThAonA saMbaMdho mATe upayogI che. ke. ena. sAne-saMpAdita mATe vejA mAM paNa senApati dAbhADe aMge mAhitI che. ke. vI. puraMdara-saMpAdita pure varanA traNa graMthamAM pahele graMtha gujarAta saMbaMdhI mAhitIvALo che. vAya. ena. keLakara-kRta vasAvI mohIma paNa noMdhapAtra che. gujarAtamAM marAThI sattA puNenA pezavA ane vaDodarAnA gAyakavADa vacce vaheMcAyelI hatI, paraMtu 1818 thI gujarAta-saurASTramAM pezavAnI sattAno aMta Avyo ne mAtra gAyakavADanuM vaDedarA rAjya svataMtra marAThI sattA rUpe rahyuM. gAyakavADa vaMzane lagatA je AdhAra che temAM thavAnI hatI (saDhAra taratI sArI varlara : vaDodarA rekorDa oNphisa)mAM gAyakavADa kuTuMba nI pravRttionuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. evI rIte voTuM rAkhyA hatI tihAsika vaije bhAga 1 mAM A graMthanA samaya mATenA vaDodarA rAjya aMge thoDA ullekha che. prastuta kAlakhaMDamAM gujarAtamAM amuka sthaLe porTugInI hakumata hatI, Daca athavA valaMdAonI koThI mukhya vepArI kendromAM hatI ane kaMpanI sarakAra eTale ke aMgrejonuM varcasa daDhatApUrvaka vadhatuM hatuM. porTugIjha ane Daca daphatarAmAM gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane Arthika ItihAsanI ghaNI agatyanI mAhitI heya e spaSTa che, paNa e bhASAonI jANakArIne abhAve eno upayoga thaI zakyo nathI. aMgrejI bhASAmAM je sAhitya che te vipula pramANamAM jovA maLe che. bharAThA ItihAsa aMge je sAmAnya svarUpanAM pustaka che temAM gujarAta vizenA saMdarbha Ave che. AvAM keTalAMka joIe te emAM sI. yu. ecIsana-kata Treatics, Engagements, Sanads etc. (1863) graMtha 3 mAM aMgrejo ane marAThAo vacce thayelA kelakarAra, saMdhio vagerene samAveza karAyo che. jI. esa. saradesAI ane je. ena. sarakAre saMyukta rIte saMpAdita karela Poona Residency Correspondence nI 14 graMthanI graMthamALAmAM graMtha 2, 6,

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1luM ] sAdhana-sAmagrI ane 12 mAM gujarAtane lagatI mAhitI che. Selections from Baroda State Records no graMtha 2 gAyakavADa saMbaMdhe che. sara. je sTrecIe Surat Factory Records saMpAdita karyo che temAM AraMbhanA samayanA marAThAo ane aMgreja vaccenA saMbaMdha jovA maLe che. vaDodarAnA gAyakavADa saMbaMdhe aMgrejImAM je AdhArasAdhana mahattvanAM kahI zakAya temAM je. eca. gese ane DI. Ara. bAnAjI-saMpAdita The Gaikwads of Baroda : English Documents nAmanI graMtha-zreNImAM graMtha 1 thI 90 91 The Third English Embassy to Paona 241 BIG HI284141417 che. gaMgAdhara zAstrI paTavardhananA vaMzajo pAsethI kharIdavAmAM AvelA kAgaLapatronuM saMkalana Selections from Shastri Daftar ane epha. e. eca. IliyaTa-kRta The Rulers of Baroda noMdhapAtra che. Dabalyu. jI. phesTa-saMpAdita Selections from the Letters Despaches and other State Papers Preserved in the Bombay Secretariat ( Maratha Series ); H18-2232429 milenzen al Report on Territories Conquered from the Peshwa, 6477212 fryz- Oriental Memoirs ( 4 Vols ); $1722 viliyama-saMpAdita The English Factories (graMtha 1-10) tathA Dabalyu. Ara. vaeNlesa-kRta The Guicowar and his Relation with the British Government; vI. jI. DIdhe-kRta Peswa Baji Rao I and Maratha Expansion vagereno samAveza karI zakAya. 2, phArasI tavArIkhe rajanIzIo vagere A kAlanA gujarAtanA itihAsa mATe kaI vizeSa sAmagrI muslima tavArIkhe ke arabI-phArasI pustakamAM upalabdha nathI. marAThAkAlanA prAraMbhamAM lakhAyelA jANItA mahattvanA pustaka "mite ahamadI" pachI samakAlIna ItihAsane AlekhatA evA keI svataMtra pustakanI noMdha maLI nathI. marAThAkAlanI lUMTaphATa, aMdhAdhUMdhI, apharAtapharI, nAnAM-moTAM rajavADAMomAM zAMti temaja kAyado-vyavasthAno abhAva vagere kAraNone laIne muslima tavArIkhonI saMkhyA pahelAMnA kAlanA pramANamAM ochI hoya e samajI zakAya ema che. paNu gujarAtanA itihAsanA A saMdhyAkAla daramyAna paNa bujhAtA dIpakanI jema phArasI bhASAnA vaparAzanA jhabakArAnA pratIkarUpa thoDAMghaNAM ItihAsa-pustakonI sAthe patra vyavahAra rajanIzI bayAjha(noMdhapothI) vagere sAhityanuM

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4 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. vizeSa karIne nAga dvArA ThIka ThIka sarjana thayuM, je tatkAlIna rAjakIya temaja sAmAjika ane sAMskRtika itihAsanA sAdhano mATe agatyanuM gaNAya. A kAlanA ItihAsa mATe upalabdha sAmagrInuM saMkSipta vivaraNa nIce mujaba che : mite ahamadI (kartA alI muhammadakhAna) gujarAtamAM mughala sattAnA vilaya ane marAThAonA udayanA ItihAsa mATe samakAlIna mirUAte ahamadInuM mahatva ghaNuM che. gujarAtanA chellA zAhI dIvAna tarIke oLakhAtA alIkhAna muhammadakhAne 1744-46 daramyAna kApaDa bajAranA adhIkSaka (amIna) temaja 1746-18 daramyAna gujarAtanA sUbedAranA dIvAna tarIke kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI. mite ahamadInA daLadAra bIjA bhAgamAM I. sa. 1718 thI laI pANIpatanI trIjI laDAI (I. sa. 1761) sudhInA ItihAsanI kartA temaja enA pitA(je paNa zAhI dIvAna hatA)e najare joyelI tathA te samaye ghaTelI ghaTanAomAM bhAga lIdhele, tenI vistRta hakIkata ApavAmAM AvI che. Ama marAThAonA gujarAtanA pagapesArA temaja emanA varcasanA zarUAtanA dasakAonA ItihAsa mATe A pustaka amUlya che. vaLI enI puravaNI (khAtemA) gujarAtanA gejheTiyaranI garaja sAre che. emAM pATanagara amadAvAda zahera, enAM upanagaro (parAM), mahollA, pravezadvAre, bajAro, cakalAM, udyAne, upavano, taLAvo vagere gujarAtanA muslima saMte temaja temanA rAjAo; pATanagara ane prAMtanA bIjA bhAganI hiMduonI jJAtio, emanAM maMdira temaja tIrtho; pRthapha rAjakIya khAtAMonI kAmagIrI ane emanA amaladAranI pharajo, prAMtanAM sarakAra, paragaNa, thANuM vagere vahIvaTI eka, rajavADAM, tAlukadAro temaja desAIo temaja emanA taraphathI rAjyane bharavAmAM AvatI khaMDaNInI rakama, prAMtanI mukhya baMdaragAha, nadIo, parvate, sahelagAhe temaja khanija sahita pedAza, mApatela tathA evI bIjI paracUraNa pramANabhUta hakIkata upalabdha che. tArIkhe soraTha va hAlAra athavA vakIye e seraTha va hAlAra (kartA dIvAna raNachoDajI amarajI) mukhyatve soraTha ane hAlAra(navAnagara)ne tatkAlIna ItihAsa AlekhatuM A pustaka I. sa. 1830mAM racAyuM hatuM. emAM seraTha ane hAlArane saMpUrNa ItihAsa ApavAmAM Avyo che. A samayanA ItihAsamAM kartAnA

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sAdhana-sAmagrI [ 5 pitA dIvAna amarajI vageree sakriya bhAga bhajavyo hato eTale tatkAlIna ItihAsa mATe emAM apAyelI mAhitI agatyanI temaja AdhArabhUta gaNAya. 2 hadIe ahamadI (kartA zekha ahamada urphe babbemiyA bina zekha hAmida) traNa bhAgamAM vizva ItihAsa AlekhatA A daLadAra pustakanA eka bhAgamAM gujarAtane savistAra ItihAsa che. suratanA rahevAsI enA kartAe enuM paMdara bhAgamAM " hakIkatula hiMda" nAma heThaLa pulekhana karavAno nirdhAra karyo hato, paNa ene eka bhAga ja lakhAya tyAM to kartAnuM I. sa. 1848 mAM mRtyu thayuM.' kartAnA putra zekhabahAdura urphe zekhUmiyAMe uparyukta pustakano, surata zahera temaja enA prasiddha saMta prakhyAta kuTuMba vagerene lagatA ItihAsavALo bhAga guladastae sulahAe surata alamusammA bi hakIktasuratanA nAmathI prasiddha karyo hate. ahavAle gAyakavADa (kartA sArAbhAI bApAbhAI mahetA) A pustakamAM vaDodarAnA gAyakavADa rAjAono AraMbhathI I. sa. 1818 sudhIne ItihAsa ApavAmAM Avyo che. emAM gujarAtamAM marAThAonI hakumatathI laI gujarAta temaja bAjunA pradezomAM emanA dvArA cetha ane saradezamukhI ugharAvatI veLA je atyAcAra ane jorajulma thatA tenuM romAMcaka - varNana paNa che.* tArIkhe marahayA (marAThA) dara gujarAta (kartA ajJAta), pilAjIrAva gAyakavADathI zarU karIne I. sa. 1773 sudhIno marAThAene itihAsa A pustakamAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. nasabanA e jADejA kacchanA jADejA vaMzanA rAjavIono itihAsa I. sa. 1878 mAM bhUja paragaNA sthita verAgAma nivAsI kuMvarajI jAdavajI upAdhyAye gujarAtImAM maukhika lakhAvyo, teno phArasI anuvAda karachanA AsisTaMTa resiDenTa mi. oNlTaranA AdezathI karavAmAM Avyo. A pustakamAM saMvata 1875 (I. sa. 1819) sudhIno ItihAsa ApavAmAM Avyo che. vakA e ahasanulamadA yeha (kartA mIra muhammada phahusenakhAna hamadAnI) I. sa. 180-08 mAM racita A pustakamAM suratanA prasiddha aiti

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marAThA kAla [ . hAsika banzI khAnadAnane ItihAsa che. kartA pote banzI kuTuMbane vaDIla hato. jeja-nAmA (kata mullA phIrajha bina kAvasa) A daLadAra pustakamAM aMgrejonA bhArata-Agamana temaja porTugIjha amalanI zarUAtathI laIne I. sa. 1817 mAM kaMpanI sarakAre pUnA lIdhuM tyAMsudhIno itihAsa AlekhAyele che.' anAmI pustaka gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA pustakAlayamAM eka pustaka che, jemAM gujarAtanA amuka jillAomAM paragaNAM vagere, jamInadAra adhikArIo kAma vagerenI nimaNUke rAjyakharca vahANavaTuM vagerenI vyavasthA vize mAhitI che, je tatkAlIna ItihAsa mATe upayogI che. uparyukta pustako uparAMta A samayanA etihAsika lekhananI ThIka evI sAmagrI pUrI pADatI be sAhitya-zAkhAo - rojanIzI ane patrasaMgrahanA 18mI 19mI sadImAM lakhAyelA namUnA sArI evI saMkhyAmAM upalabdha che. suratanA navAbenA dIvAna kirapArAma nAgare (I. sa. 1800) lagabhaga pitAnA samayane lagatI hakIkatanI neMdhapothI rAkhI hatI, je emanA vaMzajonA kabajAmAM hovAnuM kahevAya che. dIvAna raNachoDajInI phArasI rajanIzI paNa emanA vaMzaja pAse hovAnI mAhitI che. munazI naMdalAla (18 mI sadInA uttarArdha) amadAvAdanA gAyakavADI sUbA gopALarAvane tyAM nokarIe hato te samaye eNe saMkalita karelI noMdhapothImAM aitihAsika mAhitIvALA patro temaja svaracita kAvyo che. 18 mI sadInA uttarArdha ane 19mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM saMkalita aneka patrasaMgraha paNa A samayanA ItihAsanAM vividha pAsAo mATe agatyanAM sAdhana gaNAya. raphaAte giradhArImala( I. sa. 1821 AsapAsa)mAM suratanA mutsadI ane khaMbhAta temaja vaDodarAnA phejadAra jevA gujarAtanA amaladArI varga taraphathI lakhAyelA patra saMgRhIta che. bharUcanA kizoradAsa desAIe navAbanA dIvAna tarIke kAmagIrI bajAvI te daramyAna zAhI dezapatro, arajIo temaja navAbanA javAba, amAtyanA Adeza tathA e bIje patravyavahAra ekatrita karI je pustaka rahyuM che temAM e samayanA bharUcanI navAbInA ItihAsa mATe vipula sAmagrI maLI rahe che. evuM ja bIjuM

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1 3' ] sAdhana-sAmagrI [ 7 pustaka saiyada muhammada-saMkalita matUbhAta (pannA) che te I. sa. 1836-37 AsapAsa bharUcanI siMdhiyA sarakAra tathA gujarAtanA agresara gRhasthA vacce thayelA patravyavahArane saMgraha che. emAM paNa sArI evI aitihAsika mAhitI upalabdha che. kizanajI vaidanuM Ate garIma (I. sa. 1800 AsapAsa ) samakAlIna rAjakIya temaja sAmAjika sthiti para sArA evA prakAza pADe che. A sAhitya-zAkhAmAM sArAbhAI mahetAnA pAMcacha patrasaMgraha upalabdha che. 19 mI sadInA pUrvAdhamAM lakhAyelA A patra gujarAtanA rAjakIya temaja sAmAjika vanane lagatI agatyanI mAhitI Ape che. A badhA patrasa`graha gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAMnA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita che. "6 A uparAMta A samayanA phArasI kAvyasAhityamAM paNa gheADI ghaNI aitihAsika mAhitI maLe che. mahetA tulajAzaMkara-suta rAjazakara, jenuM takhallusa ' ahaMkarI '' hatuM, temanAM kAvyeAmAM dAmAjI gAyakavADanA avasAna temaja phatehasiha gAyakavADanA rAjyArAhaNa ( I. sa. 1768 ) jevA aitihAsika banAvAnuM varSoMna maLe che. tasnIphAte mugaTarAmamAM sAraThanA itihAsa mATe upayogI mAhitI maLe che. . gujarAtanA A kALanArekhtA ( arthAt urdU ) bhASAnA 109 kavie vize mAhitI temaja emanAM kAvyAnA namUnA pUruM pADatu pustaka majhanuna zuarA che je I. sa. 1851-52 mAM bharUcanA DhAjhI nurUddIna husene racyu` hatu`.9 3. saskRta-gujarAtI abhilekhA A kAlanA ItihAsa mATe tavArIkha graMthAnI jeTalI khATa varatAya che teTalI abhilekhAnI varatAtI nathI. alabatta sa MskRta-gujarAtI abhilekhA agAunA DhAlanI sarakhAmaNIe sakhyAmAM echA che. rAjakIya itihAsa mATe upayAgI nIvaDe tevA prakAzita abhilekhAnI sa khyA jUja che, paraMtu dha` sthApatya zilpa ityAdi sAMskRtika itihAsa mATe sAdhanarUpa nIvaDe tevA prakAzita abhilekha sAthI vadhAre che, jyAre keTalAka moTA nAnA saMgrAmone nirdeza karatA prakAzita pALiyAlekhAnI saMkhyA paNa sATha uparanI che.10 sATha varSanA TUMkA kAla mATe A saMkhyA nAnI na gaNAya. A kAlanA abhilekhAmAM madirA tathA mUtione lagatA dhaNA lekha saMskRtamAM11 che, thADA gujarAtImAM12 che, ekAda trajabhASAmAM13 che te thoDAka

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4 ] sarAhA kAla [ pra. mizrabhASAmAM, 14 khAsa karIne saMskRta-gujarAtImAM che. AmAMnAM gujarAtI lakhANAmAM e kAlanI gujarAtI bhASAnuM svarUpa yathAvat jaLavAyuM che te bhASAnI dRSTie agatyanuM gaNAya. IDara rAjyanAM tAmrapatrAmAM mAravADInI chAMTavALI gujarAtI bhASA pratyeAjAI che. 15 devAlaya-nirmANune lagatA zilAlekhAmAM nirmAtA tarIke kayAreka vaDAdarAnA gAyakavADa rAjyanA amaladArAnAM nAma Ave che,6 paraMtu te te samayanA chatrapati ane/athavA pezavAnA nirdeza bhAgyeja maLe che. saurASTranA zilAlekhAmAM te te rAjyanA samakAlIna rAjAnA ullekha keTalIka vAra thayA che. IDara rAjyanAM tAmrapatrAmAM17 te te samayanA rAjA, lAgatA vaLagatA brAhmaNA, teenAM nivAsasthAna, e samayanA vividha verA ( je e brAhmaNA mATe mApha karavAmAM AvelA), khatanA lekhaka kotaranAra vagerene lagatI mAhitI maLe che. amadAvAdanA traNa daravAjAnA eka geAkhalAmAM rAkhelA zilAlekha gAyakavADa rAjAnI padharAmaNI, emanI mulAkAta lenAra sthAnika mahAjana ane milakatanA vArasAne lagatA pracalita kAyadA vize mahattvanI mAhitI pUrI pADe che. 18 pALiyA lekhA keTalAka moTA sAmAne lagatA che; jemake bhUja myujhiyamamAMnA sa. 1826 / pALiyA19 sa. 1819 nA jhArAnA yuddhamAM vIragati pAmelA sainikanA che. ceobArInA 56 pALiyA2e siMdhanA mIra phatehaalI ane jodhapuranA mahArAjAnI senA vacce sa. 1839( I. sa. 1783 )mAM thayelA saMgrAma para prakAza pADe che. eTanA cha pALiyA21 saM. 1855( I. sa. 1799) mAM tyAM aMgrejo sAthe thayelA yuddhane khyAla Ape che. sa. 1860( I. sa. 1804 )nA zatru MjayanA lekhamAM22 phiraMgI rAjAnuM kRpApAtra evA damaNa aMdaranA amuka rahevAsInA je nirdeza che te paNa rAjakIya ItihAsanI dRSTie neoMdhapAtra che. anya abhilekho mukhyatve pUkAryone lagatA che. emAMnA ghaNA lekha madizanA nirmANanI ane/athavA pratimAnI pratiSThAnI hakIkata noMdhe che. emAM hiMdu dharmAMnAM ma MdiranI sarakhAmaNIe jaina dharmanAM derAsarAnI saMkhyA ghaNI vadhAre che. hiMdu ma dizamAM mAMDavI( ji. surata )nu nIlakaMThama Mdira,27 jUnA rAjapIpaLAnuM nIlakac maMdira24 ane rAjaka madira,25 cUvALamAMnuM bahucarAjI madira, dvArakAnuM radhunAtha maMdira,26 jhAlAvADanAM taraNetara tathA jaDe. zvaranAM 28 prasiddha maMdira, dhALakAnuM mAjI madira ane amarelInu nAgezvara maMdira3- noMdhapAtra che, jyAre jaina derAsarAmAM zatru Mjaya paratuM sahastraphaNA pArzvanAtha maMdira,31 rAdhanapuranuM zAMtinAtha derAsara,32 uvA( ji.

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sAdhana-sAmagrI banAsakAMThA)nuM amIjharA pArzvanAthanuM maMdira,3 IDaranuM sahastraphaNuM pArzvanAtha maMdira 24 ane bhadrezvara (kaccha)nuM prAcIna maMdira35 khAsa ullekhanIya che AmAMnA keTalAka lekhamAM saMskRta padyabaddha prazastionI suMdara racanAo jovA maLe che. vaLI te te maMdira koNe kyAre baMdhAvyuM e uparAMta enuM bAMdhakAma kyAre zarU thayeluM, eno pratiSThA-utsava kyAre UjavAya, enI prazasti koNe racI, maMdira bAMdhanAra mukhya zilpI keNa hatA, zilAlekha koNe kotaryo, vagere vigata emAM ApI hoya che. bhadrezvaranA derAsarane zilAlekha judA judA samaye thayelA enA aneka jIrNoddhArano vRttAMta nirUpe che. keI dera ke derI amuka videha svajananI yAdagIrImAM baMdhAyela hovAnuM enA zilAlekha uparathI jANavA maLe che. pratimAlekhamAM te te pratimA koNe karAvI athavA te te biMba koNe bharAvyuM, enI pratiSThA kyAre thaI ane konI pAse karAvI vagere hakIkata jaNAvI hoya che. devAlayomAM keTalIka vAra siddhacakra37 pAdukAo8 ghaTa78 vagere karAvyAnA lekha maLe che. vaLI enI bAjumAM kuMDa dharmazALAka1 vagere baMdhAvyAne lagatA lekha paNa hoya che. kyAreka darzana pUjA brahmabhojana bhUmidAna vagerenA lekha hoya che. A zilAlekha sthAnika ItihAsa dharmasaMpradAya sthApatya zi95 ityAdi aMge ghaNI upayogitA dharAve che. | durga43 vApI44 vagerenA nirmANane lagatA zilAlekha nAgarika sthApatya vize mAhitI pUrI pADe che. bhUmidAnane lagatAM tAmrapatra katarAvI ApavAnI prathA luptaprAya thaI hatI, chatAM kyAreka mahattvanAM cirakAlIna lakhANa tAmrapatro ke zilA para kotarAvavAmAM AvatAM. IDara rAjyanAM tAmrapatromAM lakhANa lakhanAra tathA kotaranAranAM nAma paNa ApelAM che. zatruMjaya paranA eka lekhamAM tyAMnI hAthI pioLamAM devAlaya AMdhavAnI manAI pharamAvI che.45 tAmralekhamAM Apela samaya-nirdeza te te nirmANanA samaya uparAMta koI vAra te te samayanA rAjAnA rAjyakala para ke te te ghaTanAnA samaya para prakAza pADe che. vaLI e parathI e samayanI kAlagaNanApaddhatino temaja samaya nirdeza rajU karavAnI paddhatine khyAla Ave che. A kAlanA abhilekho parathI spaSTa thAya che ke tyAre samasta gujarAtamAM vikrama saMvata pracalita hato ne keTalIka vAra vikrama saMvatanA varSanI sAthe zaka saMvatanuM varSa paNa ApavAmAM Avata.46 sAmAnya rIte samayanirdezamAM varSa mAsa pakSa tithi ane vAra

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10 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. ApatA, paraMtu kyAreka tithi ane vAra uparAMta nakSatra yoga ane karaNa paNa jaNAvIne kAlagaNanAnAM pAMceya aMge jaNAvatA 47 vaLI kyAreka varSa pachI saMvatsara ayana ane Rtu paNa jaNAvatA 48 te paMcAMga pachI pratijhAnI ISTa ghaTi paNa ApavAmAM AvatI.49 padyabaddha prazastimAM nirmANa varSanI saMkhyA zabdasaMketa dvArA rajU karatA; jemake veda-agni-vasu-caMdra (1834)20 vasu-aMba-kATha-zazI (1838)51naMda-agni-vasu-caMdra (1839) azva-aMga-nAga-6 (1867) 3 aMka-aMga-bhujaMga-caMdra (1869)54 ane vahni addhi-nAga-amRtakiraNa (1873)55 Ama A kAlanA rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika itihAsa mATe abhilekhanuM samakAlIna sAdhana keTalIka agatyanI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. 4 arabI-phArasI abhilekhe ane sikkA (a) abhile : gujarAtanA marAThAkAlIna arabI-phArasI abhilekhonI saMkhyA saltanata ane mughala samayanA zilAlekhenI sarakhAmaNImAM ochI che. atyAra sudhImAM prApta thayelA abhilekhenI saMkhyA 150 jeTalI che. zodhakhoLano abhAva paNa A nAnI saMkhyA mATe eka kAraNa gaNAvI zakAya. A lekheno sAra e bhAga rAjyanAM amadAvAda pATaNa(u. gu.) bharUca surata khaMbhAta bhUja ane rAdhanapura jevAM rAjakIya agatya dharAvatAM zahera ke kambAomAMthI maLI Avela che. pAlanapuranA navAbI rAjyamAM A samayano keI lekha maLe nathI e Azcaryajanaka kahevAya. A lekho vize bIjI noMdhapAtra vastu e che ke sikkAothI viparIta adyaparyata prApta abhilekhamAMthI emAM paNa mughala bAdazAhanA nAma ke rAjyane nirdeza thayo nathI. gujarAtanA marAThAkAlIna sikkAo ochAmAM ochuM I. sa. 1857 sudhI mughala bAdazAhanA nAmathI bahAra paDyA hatA, jyAre eka paNa abhilekhamAM emanuM nAma maLatuM nathI. e ja pramANe pramANamAM nAnI saMkhyAnA abhilekhamAM rajavADAMonA rAjavIonAM nAma dRSTigocara thAya che. je rajavADAMonA rAjavIonAM nAma abhilekhomAM maLe che te kaccha rAdhanapura khaMbhAta vaDodarA ane junAgaDha che. A samayanA lekheno meTo bhAga majida baMdhAvavA temaja mRtyutArIkhe ApavA ke rajAo baMdhAvavA aMge che. AThadasa lekhomAM kiTale ke zahera

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1 3' ] sAdhana-sAmathI [ 11 sIlanA daravAjA kha'dhAvavAnA ullekha che. ekAda lekhamAM eka strI dvArA eka saMtanA rAjA pAse yAtrALue temaja mujAvarA mATe bhavananu nirmANa thavAnI vigata che.pa6 etraNa lekha eka saMtanA rAjAnA kapAunDamAM yAtrALue mATe prArthanAsthaLa ( masjidathI bhinna ) athavAM virAmasthAna khaMdhAvavA bAbatanA che. pANAnA hAja ke TAMkAM badhAvavA a genA paNa aeka lekha maLyA che.pa7 rAjyAdeza, udyAna, madresA, hamAma, vAva vagerene lagatA eka paNa lekha A samUhamAM nathI. A lekhAmAM gujarAtanA tatkAlIna itihAsa mATe ati mahattvanI sAmagrI maLatI nathI. Ama paNa phArasI bhASA uparAMta marAThI gujarAtI ane aMgrejImAM maLatI vipula sAmagrI sAthe A lekhAmAM maLatI mAhitInI sarakhAmaNI thaI zake nahi, chatAM e sAva mAhitI vagaranA che e kahevu paNa ThIka na gaNAya. A lekhAmAM vizeSa karIne sthAnika-rajavADAM zahera kasbA ke gAmanA prati-hAsa mATe bIjA likhita sAdhaneAmAM na maLatI mAhitI paNa maLI rahe che. sthAnika agatya ke hoddo ke evA bIjA koI adhikAra dharAvatA saMkhyAbaMdha puruSonA ullekha A sAdhana sivAya bIje koI sthaLe sAdhAraNa rIte maLavAnA ochA sabhava che; dA. ta., 17 mI sadInA uttarA, 18 mI sadInA pUrvAdha temaja uttarAnA prAraMbhanA dasakAnA khaMbhAta rAjakuTuMbanAM tathA tyAMnA rAjyAdhikArIonAM jeTalAM nAma tyAMnA mRtyulekhAmAM maLI rahe che te khIjA prApya ke prakAzita likhita sAdhaneAmAM upalabdha nathI. AmAMnI ghaNI vyakti IrAnathI AvelI hAya ema emanAM nAma vagerenI apAyelI vigata dvArA jANavA maLe che. IrAnanA savI rAjavIeAnA eka vikhyAta maMtrI khalIphA sultAnanA e prapautro mIrajhA abdulllAkI ( mR. hi. sa. 1182=I. sa. 1769 ) ane mIrajhA muhammada jhamAna (mR. hi. sa', 1199=I sa. 1785) khaMbhAtamAM AvIne tyAM sthAyI thayA hoya ema emanA mRtyulekhA parathI pratIta thAya che. 18 AvA lekho parathI IrAna jevA ziyApathI deza sAthe e ja paMcanA khaMbhAtanA rAjavI rAjakIya nahi, te sAMskRtika saMbaMdho rAkhatA hovAnu mAlUma paDe che. sadarakhAna ( mR. najamuddaulA ( mR. AvI khIjI mahattvanI vyaktiomAM suratanA navAthya hi. sa. 1171=I. sa. 1757-58 ), khaMbhAtanA nUruddIna hi. saM. 1198=I. sa, 1784), khAnakhAnA najamuddaulA najamakhAna ( mR. hi. saM. 1204=I. sa. 1790) tathA bhUjanA ( jamAdAra ) tehamuhammada

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12] marAThA kAla [pra. (mR. hi.saM. 1229=I. sa. 1814) temaja enA putra husena ane ibrAhIma tathA amadAvAdanA kAjhI kuTuMbanA rUkanulahaka (mR. hi. saM. 1209=1794-95) vagereno samAveza thAya che.59 kaDInA eka lekhamAM haMsakuMvara nAmanI strInI maraNanadha che e rasaprada gaNAya. enuM mRtyu hi.saM. 121ra I.sa. 1797-98 mAM thayuM hatuM. taduparAMta bhUja dhoLakA pATaNa bharUca aMkalezvara temaja amadAvAdanA amuka saMta ke emanAM kuTuMbIjane ke sajajAdAnazIne vize DIghaNI mAhitI A lekhamAM maLe che ? A lekhamAM upalabdha sthAnika itihAsa mATe upayogI mAhitI pATaNa khaMbhAta surata vagere sthaLonA adhikArIo ke vahIvaTaphtao vize che: pA-raNamAM hi. sa. 122 (I. sa. 18 05)mAM AnaMdarAva gAyakavADa senA khAsa khela zamazera-bahAduranA taraphathI raghunAtha mahIpatarAva prAMtamUbe hato, tyAM ja hi. sa. 1240 (I. sa. 1824-25) ane hi. sa142(I. sa. 1826-7)mAM be sthAnika amaladAro sayida sarapharAjhaalI ane zekha viliyudIna nAjhima (arthAta vahIvaTadAra) hatA, e tyAMnA lekha dvArA jANavA maLe che. 3 seviMda sarapharAjhaalI vize e ullekha che ke enAM audAya ane sakhAvate duSkALane durlabha banAvyo hato temaja enA amalamAM prajA ghaNI sukhI hatI. A zilAlekhemAM rAjya karmacArIonA je heddAonAM nAma maLe che te nAjhima keTavALa khvAjAsarA jamAatadAra(jamAdAra) temaja pharaza che. 4 dhaMdhA ke vyavasAyano nirdeza nahivata che. mAtra suratanA hi. sa106 -(I. sa. 1791-92)nA lekhamAM (e lekhane ketaranAra) vyavasAyI upanAma hakkAka" (arthAta kiMmatI paththara ke ratna para nakazI kAma karanAra) dharAvatI sAdika nAmanI vyaktino ullekha che. rAdhanapura bhUja temaja navAnagaranA lekhamAM habazI karmacArIonA ullekha rasaprada gaNAya. vizeSataH rAdhanapuramAM eka pravezadvAranuM nAma "koMkaNI daravAje ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM e parathI koMkaNamAM sthita jaMjIrA navAbInA sIdI (habazI) rAjavIo ane ucca karmacArIo sAthe samudrataTathI dUra evA 'uttara gujarAtanA A rAjyano saMbaMdha hato ema spaSTa thAya che. cha khaMbhAta -jevA rAjyamAM IrAnIo ke IrAnIonA vaMzajo vize upara ullekha AvI gayo che, e pramANe araba vize paNa koI koI ullekha maLe che. 8

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1 luM]. sAdhanasAmagrI [ 13 khaMbhAtanA eka agatyanA mRtyulekha parathI marAThA-khaMbhAta rAjavI vaccenI eka laDAInI nizcita tArIkha maLe che. emAM apAyelI vigata mujaba mIrajhA amInabega (marAThA saradAra) rAdhU sAthenI laDAImAM 7 rabIuAkhara hi. sa. 1189(7 juna, 1775 )nA divase bharAyo evo ullekha che. 69 "mirAte ahamadI " jevA pustakamAM A laDAI vize ullekha hevAnuM jaNAtuM nathI e A zilAlekhanuM mahattva darzAve che. A sivAya bIjA koI ullekhanIya banAvanI mAhitI A lekhomAM upalabdha nathI. zilpasthApatyanA abhyAsa mATe ImArata baMdhAvavAnA cokkasa samayanirdeza karatA A abhilekha agatyanuM sAdhana pUruM pADe che e eka hakIkata che. alabatta A samaya pramANamAM arvAcIna hAI e vize vadhu upayogI nA nIvaDe e paNa sAcuM che, chatAM jUnI imAratanA samArakAmano nirdeza karatA lekha A bAbatamAM upayogI che e svIkAravuM joIe. khaMbhAtanI sade avala (arthAta islAmanI pahelI sadI-IsavInA sAtamA-AThamA zataka)nI masjidanuM navAba mominakhAnanA eka nokara ke karmacArI dvArA hi. sa. 1186( I. sa. 1772-73mAM samAra kAma thayuM hatuM e e masjidanA ItihAsa mATe upayogI lekhAya,* bIjI aitihAsika ImAratano ullekha suratanA "daryA mahelane che. tyAMnA lekha pramANe A mahela hi. sa. 1198( I. sa. 1783-4)mAM suratanA (bazI) najamuddIna dvArA nirmita thayo hato temaja enuM nAma khuzidanigAha (sUrya-dRSTi)' rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A uparAMta imAratonI temaja rajAo ke makabarAmAM daphana thayelA ajJAta puruSonI eMdhANa ke jJAta puruSonI sAcI oLakha paNa AvA lekho dvArA ja zakya che. sthAnika ItihAsa mATe A mAhitI agatyanI gaNAya. A samayanA lekha-samUhamAM amuka imAratanA bAMdhakAma-kharcanI rakama ApatA paNa becAra lekha sAmela che. vaDodarAmAM hi. sa. 1226( I. sa. 1811)mAM baMdhAyelA eka kUvAnuM kharca be hajAra rUpiyA AvyuM hatuM.ra. hi. sa. 1230 (I. sa. 1815)mAM pATaNa (u. gu.)mAM saiyada husena sAhebanI daragAhamAM raMgamahela nAme oLakhAtI ImArata agiyAraso rUpiyAnA kharce baMdhAI hatI.73 A AMkaDAo parathI Arthika sthitino saheja khyAla AvI zake. A lekhenI bhASA bhAratanA tatkAlIna muslima zilAlekhanI jema mukhyatve

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14] bharAThA kAla [ pra. phArasI che. AmAM suratanA je be lekha apavAdarUpa che te arabI padyamAM che ane enI kAvyaracanA ucca koTinI che e neMdhapAtra gaNAya.74 18 mA saikAthI vadhu pracalita thayelI ubhASAmAM mAtra ekabe lekha maLe che, je vastusthiti bhAratanA bIjA pradezane anurUpa che. phArasI bhASAnA padya-lekhonI ThIka ThIka saMkhyA che. emAM vizeSa karIne khaMbhAtanA lekha-bahudhA mRtyulekhavALAkavitAnI daSTie sArI keTinA che. A parathI cheka 19 mA zatakanA aMta sudhI gujarAtamAM phArasI bhASAnA thatA abhyAsanI pratIti thAya che. gujarAtanA A samayanA phArasI bhASAnA sAhityakAro-kavionAM nAma A lekhamAM maLe che.75 sulekhananI daSTie amuka lekhe ucca kakSAnA che. khAsa karIne khaMbhAtanA "nastAlIka" zailImAM kaMDArAyelA lekha mane rama che. TUMkamAM, A lekha dvArA gujarAtanA tatkAlIna itihAsanAM amuka pAsAM vize ThIkaThIka mAhitI upalabdha thAya che. (A) sikkA rAjayamAM mudhala sattAnA aMta pachI koI ekahaththu ke sarvopari sattA na sthapAtAM vividha baLAnuM prAdhAnya rahevAthI sikkA bAbatamAM ekasarakhuM dhoraNa ke nIti na rahe e dekhItuM che. A samaye eka tarapha marAThAoe ne bIjI tarapha mudhala sattAnA asta prabaLa thaI svataMtra thayelA rAjayanA vibhinna bhAgonA vahIvaTadAraze ke zAsakoe pitapotAnI AgavI sattAnA pratIkarUpa calaNI nANuM zarU karyo, paraMtu prAraMbhamAM A sikkA AkAra kiMmata vajana bhAta lakhANa vagere bAbatamAM bahudhA bhAratanAM bIjAM rAjya ke pradezonA samakAlIna sikkAonI jema dilhInA nAmadhArI mughala bAdazAhanA sikkAo jevA ja che. amadAvAda pUnAnA pezavAne hastaka AvyAnA doDha varSa bAda paNa jyAre dilhImAM zAhajahAM 3 je gAdIe beThA tyAre amadAvAdanA nAyaba sUbA saMtajIe amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAM mughala bAdazAhanA nAmanA sikkA bahAra pADavAnI TaMkazALanA adhikArIone likhita paravAnagI ApI hatI.74 pezavAkAlanI amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAMthI bahAra paDelA marAThAkAlIna sikkAo para meTe bhAge aMkuzanuM nizAna temaja gAyakavADI varcasa daramyAnanA sikkAo para """ akSara aMkita che." A sikkAo Ane laIne aMkuzazAhI sikkAo tarIke oLakhAya che.

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1 luM] sAdhana-sAmagrI [ 15 A kAlanA bIjA sikkA vaDedarA bharUca khaMbhAta kaccha navAnagara vagere moTAM rajavADAMo dvArA bahAra paDAyA hatA. marAThAo ke temaja IsTa inDiyA kaMpanI dvArA surata TaMkazALanA mughala bAdazAhanA nAmanA sikkA calaNamAM mukAyA hatA e amuka prApya sikkAo parathI vidita thAya che.78 A badhA mughala zreNI jevA sikkAonI oLakhanAM mukhya sAdhana TaMkazALa-cihna ke rAjavIonA nAmane prathamAkSara jevAM vilakSaNa cihna hatAM. vaDodarAnA gAyakavADI rAjya I. sa. 1768 thI sikkA bahAra pADyA hevAnuM anumAna che, paNa upalabdha namUnA AnaMdarAva gAyakavADa( I. sa. 1800-1819) dArA I. sa. 18 02 ane e pachI bahAra paDelA maLe che. A sikkA (pahelAM cha varSanA ) mughala bAdazAha zAhaAlama 2 je ane (pachInA) muhammada akabarazAha 2 jAnA nAmavALA "sikkAe mubAraka" zreNInA che. mAtra bIjI bAju para nAgarImAM gAyakavADa rAjAnA nAmano prathamAkSara nAgarImAM temaja TaMkazALa nAma baDadA (vaDodarA) aMkita che.79 AmAMnA zAhaAlama 2 jAvALA sikkAo para A nahi paNa mAM prathamAkSara che; A rUpiyA mAnAjIrAvanA nahi, paNa AnaMdarAvanA "mAtaDazAhI " nAmathI oLakhAtA rUpiyA che ema vaDodarA rAjyanA rekarDa parathI jaNAya che. vaDodarAnA A badhA sikkAomAM varSa hijarI temaja rAjyavarSa baMne, mughala bAdazAhanAM che. akabarazAha 2 jAnA mRtyu pachI paNa vaDodarAnA sikkA enAM nAma temaja rAjyavarSa cAlu rAkhIne, e dharamULathI na badalAyA tyAM sudhI bahAra paDatA rahyA. bharUcamAM pahelavahelI TaMkazALa I. sa. 1748mAM mughala bAdazAha ahabhadazAhanA samayamAM bharUcanA bIjA navAba dvArA sthapAI hatI ane e I. sa. 1806 sudhI cAlu rahI. ahIM DhaMkAyelA sikkA mughalazreNInA che, jemAM amuka IsTa InDiyA kaMpanI taraphathI calaNI karavAmAM AvyA hovAnuM jaNAya che. AvA sikkAonI oLakha rAjyavarSane nirdeza karatA zabda paranuM seMTa TemasanA vadhastaMbha-krosanuM cihna che, jyAre navAba dvArA bahAra paDelA nANuM para phUla-jhADanuM cihna che. A samayanA prAraMbhamAM kacchamAM rAva rAyadhaNa 2 jA nuM rAjya hatuM. enA sikkA enA purogAmIonA sikkAnI eTale ke gujarAtanA sulatAna mahamUda 3 jAnA arabI lipimAM aMkita nAmavALA sikkAnI zreNInA che. emAM sAthe

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marAThA kAla [ . kacchanA rAjavInuM nAma nAgarImAM eka bAju para ane bIjI bAju para sulatAnanA khitAbevALuM lakhAyuM che. e pachInA sikkA mughala bAdazAha ahamadazAha temaja akabarazAha 2 jA nA nAmavALA che, jemAM AgalI bAju para rAjavInuM nAma nAgarImAM ane pAchalI bAju para bhUja TaMkazALanuM nAma ane hijarI varSa arabI lipimAM aMkita che.82 kacachanI A nANAMthI viziSTa hatI. emAM rUpAmAM karI ane tAMbAmAM DhIMgale dekaDe ane tAMbiyA nAmanA sikkA calaNamAM hatA. navAnagara rAjyanA sikkA rUpA ane tAMbAnA maLyA che. svarUpanI bAbatamAM e kacchanA tatkAlIna sikkAone maLatA Ave che.? A sikkAomAM rAjakIya ItihAsa vize kAMI khAsa mAhitI maLatI nathI. vaLI A samayamAM likhita aitihAsika sAdhanonI vipulatA jotAM paNa je mAhitI maLe te navIna hoya nahi e svAbhAvika che, chatAM calaNa paddhati, calaNI nANAnI dhAtu vagerenA abhyAsathI e samayanA Arthika ane nANAkIya mALakhAnI jhAMkhI karI zakAya. lagabhaga badhAM rAjyane pitAnI eka eka TaMkazALa hatI ne e ghaNe bhAge pATanagaramAM sthita rahetI. 5. khatapatra sthAvara milakatanAM vecANa gIza bakSisa bAnA vagerene lagatAM khatapatra mULamAM e milakata ApanAra ane lenAra vyaktione lagatA aMgata dastAveja tarIke ja agatyanAM gaNAya, paraMtu samaya jatAM e zatake pahelAMnA rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika ItihAsanA sAdhana tarIke upayogI nIvaDe che. gujarAtanAM marAThAkAlanAM khatapatra A dRSTie bhAgyeja prakAzita thayAM che, paraMtu ahIM udAharaNa tarIke eka saMsthAnA saMgrahAlayamAMnAM e kAlanAM khatapatronI aitihAsika upayogitA darzAvavAmAM Ave che. amadAvAdanI gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA saMgrahAlayamAM AvAM je khatapatra che temAMnAM 25 khatapatra A kAlanAM che. emAMnAM ghaNAM saMskRta-gujarAtImAM che. cha gujarAtImAM 85 ne traNa phArasImAM lakhelAM che. saMskRta-gujarAtI khatapatramAM miti zAsake, grAhaka-dAyaka vagerenI vigatane lagatA pUrvArdhamAMnuM ghaNuM kharuM lakhANa saMskRtamAM heAya che, jyAre milakatanAM varNana khUTa haka vagerene lagatI vigate dharAvate uttarArdha gujarAtImAM hoya che. emAM pahelAM khatapatrane samaya saMvata varSa pakSa tithi ane vAra sAthe ApavAmAM Ave che ke varSa pahelAM vikrama

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1 luM ] sAdhana-sAmagrI [ 17 saMvatanuM ApI e pachI zaka saMvatanuM paNa ApavAmAM Ave che. kyAreka varSa ane mAsanI vacce ayana ane RtunI vigata paNa apAtI. A prakAranAM khatapatra sArA akSare lakhAyelAM hoya che, jyAre phakta gujarAtImAM lakhelAM khatapatramAM sulekhanakalAno abhAva varatAya che. gujarAtI khatapatromAM miti keTalIka vAra zarUAtamAM ne keTalIka vAra chevaTamAM ApatA ne emAM varSa mAtra vikrama saMvatanuM jaNAvatA. phArasI khatapatramAM rAjyakartAnI maheranI chApa lagAvI hoya che ne emAM enA amalanA AraMbhanuM varSa ApyuM hoya che. uparAMta khatapatranI aMdara milakatanI Apa-lenI miti hijarI sana, mahino ane rAjamAM jaNAvI hoya che. A kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM dilhInA pAtazAhanI lagIre ya hakUmata rahI nahotI, chatAM saMskRta-gujarAtI khatapatramAM hamezAM e pAtazAhanA amalane nirdeza karavAmAM Avate; jemake vi. saM. 1819( I. sa. 1763)thI 1853 ( I. sa. 1797)nAM khatapatromAM pAtazAha zAhaAlamagIrane arthAta zAha Alama 2 jA(I. sa. 1758-1806). kakyAreka "AlamagIra"ne badale alIra" zabda prayojAyo che. A nAma saM. 1862(I. sa. 1805) nA khatapatramAM che e barAbara che, paraMtu saM. 1865( I. sa. 18 09) ane saM. 1869 (I. sa. 1813)nAM khatapatromAM paNa che, e dilhInA pAtazAhanA nAma aMgenI adyatana jANakArInA abhAvane lIdhe haze ? hi. 1233 (I. sa. 1817-18)nA phArasI khatapatramAM akabarazAhI rUpiyAno ullekha che temAM akabarazAha 2 ja ne rAjyaamala ( I. sa. 1806-37) abhipreta che. A khatapatramAMnAM ghaNuM amadAvAdane lagatAM che, AthI emAM puNenA pezavA ane/athavA enA hAkema tarIke bhadramAM rahI vahIvaTa karatA zaherasUbAno temaja vaDodarAnA gAyakavADa rAjA ane/athavA enA taraphathI (gAyakavADanI) havelImAM rahI vahIvaTa karanAra sthAnika adhikArIne nirdeza karavAmAM AvatuM. zivA tarIke mAdhavarAva, rAghobA, savAI mAdhavarAva (mAdhavarAva nArAyaNa) ane savAI bAjIrAva (bAjIrAva 2 jA)no nirdeza Ave che, jyAre gAyakavADa rAjAomAM dabhAi (rajA), goviMdarAva, phatesiMha, mAnAjI, AnAbA (AnaMdarAva) vagereno ullekha thayo che, kyAreka AmAM nAma ane samayane meLa vicAraNIya lAge che.88 pezavAnA pratinidhiomAM ApAjI gaNeza, yaMbaka nArAyaNa, amRta- * rAva ApAcha, bhavAnI zivarAma, kAsIpatha bAbA, AbAsAheba kRSNarAva, i-9- 2

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18 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. kAkAjI sAheba, bAbAjI ApAjI, rAghu rAmacaMdra vagerenAM ane gAyakavADanA pratinidhiomAM yaMbaka mukuMda, AnA, bhAu sAheba, AbAjI goviMda vagerenAM nAma nedhapAtra che.89 gujarAtanA marAThAkAlanA ItihAsamAM A adhikArIonAM nAma ane samayanI je vigata ApavAmAM Ave che temAM khatapatronI A vigate parathI keTalAka sudhArAvadhArA karavA prApta thAya che. dilhI ane puNenA rAjyakartAonI bAbatamAM koI vAra adyatana mAhitImAM kasUra thAya, paraMtu amadAvAdane lagatAM khatapatromAM te te samayanA sthAnika adhikArIonI bAbatamAM evuM bhAgye ja saMbhave. AthI A khatapatro marAThAkAlanA rAjakIya ItihAsa mATe A bAbatamAM khAsa upayogitA dharAve che. A khatapatramAM pAtazAhI dIvAna, bakSI, kALa, koTavAla, havAladAra, kAnUge, dAro, vAkAnavIsa, phaDanavIsa vagere adhikArIone paNa ullekha Ave che. vaLI emAM nagarazeThano paNa nAmanideza hoya che; dA. ta., nayuzA, dIpazA, malukacaMda ane vakhatacaMda. mughalakAlanI jema marAThAkAlanAM khatapatramAM te te zaheranA cakaluM mahelo zerI piLa khAMce khaDakI vagere meTA nAnA vibhAgono ullekha maLe che, je parathI te te lattAnA nAmanI prAcInatA sUcita thAya che, dA. ta., amadAvAdamAM rAyapura cakaluM, havelI mahelo, gAlamakhAnanuM cakaluM, sAMkaDI zerI, AsaloDiyA cakaluM, AkAzeTha kUvAnI poLa, DhIMkavA cakaluM, mALInI piLa, phatAsAnI piLa, akabarapura cakaluM, hIMgaleka jozInI paLa, sAhebakhAnanI zerI, lAkhA paTelanI pioLa, devanI zerI, nathu mULajInI khaDakI, taLiyAnI poLa, dariyAparuM, raMdAsakhAnanI vADI, khADiyA cakaluM, sAraMgapura, bahucarAjIno khAMce, zAhapura cakaluM, navA taLiyAne khAMce, bAvaLiyA piLa, jamAlapura, pADA poLa kacariyAnI piLa vagerenA ullekha A kAlanAM khatapatramAM maLe che. evI rIte e samaye te te sthaLe rahetI vyaktionI vividha jJAtionA ullekha Ave che, jemake amadAvAdamAM vaDanagarA nAgara, sAThodarA nAgara, audIcya TeLakiyA, DIsAvAla, nAgara vaNika, zrImAlI, jhArolA, paravADa, bAroTa, kaNabI kaDavA, zrIgeDa brAhmaNa, bhaTanAgara kAyastha vagere. ghaNuM vaNika jJAtiomAM dasA || ane vIsAnA bheda paNa darzAvavAmAM AvatA. sAmAjika ItihAsamAM te te jJAti mATe A vigate upayogI gaNAya. gharanI vigatemAM oraDA parasALa meDe bArI kare dAdara ceka jALI

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sAdhana-sAmagrI TAMkuM chAparuM nevAM vagere jaNAvavAmAM Ave che, e parathI nAgarika sthApatyane lagatI upayogI mAhitI maLe che. keTalIka vAra kaI makAna ke dukAnanI mAlikInI herapherano pAchale vRttAMta paNa ApavAmAM Ave che; dA.ta., saM. 1865 nA khatapatramAM 90 jaNAvyuM che ke paMDayA jIvaNarAma vallabharAme pitAnI vRddhAvasthAmAM pitAnuM ghara bhatrIjA mugaTarAma dalapatarAma tathA goviMdarAma dalapatarAmane saMbhALavA ApeluM, teoe e vRddha daMpatInI sevAcAkarI karI emanA maraNa pAchaLa uttarakriyA karIne e ghara vecANa pramANe rAkhyuM, paraMtu AgaLa jatAM teo e gharane nibhAvI na zakaLyA tyAre piLanA pAMca paDosIne pUchIne teoe e ghara zAha prabhudAsa makanadAsane vecyuM. saM. 1869 nA khatapatramAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke e ghara mULamAM zAha jhavera harakhA, khuzAla harakhA ane kizora harakhA e traNa bhAIoe kharIdeluM te paikI bhAI kizora mRtyu pAmyA ne emane strI bALaka hatAM nahi, pachI bhAI jhavera divaMgata thayA tyAre emanI patnI acarate pitAnA diyera khuzAlane pitAnA bhAganuM ghara vecI patinI uttarakriyA karI, pachI bhAI khuzAla mRtyu pAmyA tenI patnI saMtaka ane enA putra karmacaMda tathA metIcaMda temaja putrI aMbA e cAra vArasae ghara zAha premacaMdane vecyuM. saM. 18para nA khatapatramAM seMdhavAmAM AvyuM che ke e ghara kahAnadAsa lakhamIcaMdanuM hatuM, temaNe bAI tejakuMvara rAjArAva zAhanuM paheluM vAparyuM te peTe pitAnuM ghara lakhI ApyuM. AvA vRttAMta sAmAjika-Arthika ItihAsa mATe upakAraka gaNAya. ghara tathA jamInane lagatA khatamAM enI kiMmata jaNAvavAmAM Ave che. gharane lagatA khatapatramAM enA bAMdhakAmanuM mA5 ApavAmAM AvatuM nahi, jethI cerasa gaja dITha ze dara gaNAto ene khyAla Avato nathI. nAnAmoTA gharanI kiMmata A khatapatramAM kayAreka rUA. 100 thI ochI, keTalIka vAra rUA. 101 thI 200 ke rUA. 201 thI 300 ne kyAreka rU. 301 thI 501 sudhInI jaNAvI che. gIre vecANamAM gIrAnI mudata pAMcathI dasa ke enAthI vadhu varSanI rAkhavAmAM AvatI. nAnI dukAna rUA. 25 jeTalI rakamamAM maLatI. khetara vidhAM 20 nuM rUA. 601 mAM gIre mukAtuM. jamInanuM mApa gaja-tasunAM laMbAI pahoLAI tathA kSetraphaLamAM apAtuM, imArata bAMdhavA lAyaka paDatara jamIna carasa gajanA cha AnA lekhe vecAtI maLatI.3 milakatanA vecANa peTe je rakama maLatI tenI saMkhyA AMkaDAmAM temaja zabadomAM lakhAtI, eTaluM ja nahi, enI adhI rakama jaNAvI enA bamaNA evuM

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20 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. paNa darzAvavAmAM AvatuM. zAhaAlama 2 jA nA samayamAM muhamadazAhI nANAnuM arthAta muhammadazAha 2 jA(I. sa. 1719-48)nA sikkAnuM calaNa lekapriya hatuM. nANAMnI rakama sAthe sikkAnA tela vagerenI vigata paNa ApavAmAM AvatI.94 khatapatranA aMte milakata ApanAranuM matuM ane sAkSIonI sahI jovA maLe che e parathI sahI karanAranA akSarajJAna tathA lakhAvaTanI jANa thAya che. Ama samakAlIna khatapatro parathI marAThA kAlanA rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika ItihAsa para ThIka ThIka pUraka prakAza paDe che. itihAsapogI sAhitya ApaNu abhyAsaviSe - prastuta kAlakhaMDamAM ItihAsalekhanamAM pratyakSa upayogI thAya tevuM saMskRta-prAkRta sAhitya lagabhaga nathI. pratyakSa ItihAsopayegI saMskRta sAhityamAM raMgavijayanI "gujaradezabhUpAvalI" (saM. 1865= I. sa. 1809) apavAdarUpa che. 5 jaina yati raMgavijaye bharUcamAM bhagavaMtarAya khatrInA kahevAthI 95 zlokone A saMskRta prabaMdha o che. emAM, merUtuMganI vicArazreNi'nI jema, TheTha mahAvIranA nirvANathI AraMbhI pitAnA samaya sudhInA eTale ke gujarAtamAM aMgrejonI sattA sthira thaI tyAM sudhInA rAjAone rAjyakAla kartAe noMdhyo hoI agAunA samayanI jema prastuta kAlakhaMDa mATe paNa emanI kRti upayogI che. atihAsika mahatvanI koI prAkRta kRti A samayamAM racAyelI jaNAtI nathI. paNa etihAsika mahatvanuM gujarAtI ane hiMdI sAhitya A samayamAM ThIka pramANamAM che. kavi dalapatarAme phArbasa sAhebane "rAsamALA'nA lekhanamAM upayegI thAya e hetuthI je etihAsika sAhitya ekatra karyuM hatuM temAMnuM keTaluMka A samayanuM paNa che, ane e zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, muMbaInA saMgrahamAM sacavAyeluM che. A sAhitya mATe bhAge apragaTa che. pATaNanI gajhala" (I. sa. 1788) gujarAtanA bhUtakAlIna samRddha pATanagaranI tatkAlIna sthiti jANavA mATe upayogI che. 97 "gajhala" tarIke oLakhAtI A kRtio phArasI ane urdU sAhitya dvArA vArasAmAM maLela paghAtmaka prakAra nathI, paNa amuka prakAranI jhaDajhamakavALI geya racanAo che. A saMdarbhamAM kavibahAdura dIpavijaye racelI "vaDodarAnI gajhala 98 (I. sa. 1776) sthaLavarNananI samakAlIna kRti tarIke ullekhanIya che. dIpa

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1 9 ] sAdhana-sAmagrI [ 21 vijayajIe surata khaMbhAta ane jaMbusara e gujarAtanAM nagare uparAMta udayapura ane citaDa vize paNa gajhalo racI che. 98 ajJAtakartaka "phatesiMha gAyakavADano garabe" paNa A daSTie neMdhapAtra che. puNemAM nArAyaNarAva pezavAnuM khUna thayuM tyAra pachI rAbAno pakSa laI aMgreja lazakara tApI ane narmadA UtarI gujarAtamAM AvyuM. vaDodarAnA phatesiMha gAyakavADa, je bAbAsAheba tarIke oLakhAtA, temaNe e sainyane harAvyuM e prasaMga A garabAmAM varNavela che. 100 I. sa. 1800(saM. 1856)mAM racAyela "zelakarano garabo" ajJAtakartAka che, paNa etihAsika daSTie agatyano che. I. sa. 1798 mAM bhImarAva kRSNarAva zelakara pezavAnA sUbA tarIke amadAvAda Avyo ane AbA zelakara tarIke jANIto thayo. e nAcagAnane ghaNo zokhIna hoI cAlu savArIe paNa majUrone mAthe pATa upaDAvI e upara nAca karAvato. paNa e ghaNe kaDaka hato ane prajAne eNe aneka rIte daMDI hatI. amadAvAdamAMthI gAyakavADano paga kADhavAno eNe prayatna karyo hoI vaDodarAnA phatesiMha gAyakavADa gosAIe ane arabonI berakha sAthe amadAvAda upara caDhI AvyA hatA. pachI jamAlapura daravAjA AgaLa zelakaranA sainyane harAvI, ene page beDI nAkhI I. sa. 1800 mAM puNe mokalI dIdho hato. zelakaranI kArakirdInuM vigatapUra varNana prastuta garabAmAM che. 101 "cADiyAnI lAvaNI", "cADiyAnI vArtA " ane "satI sadubAIne gaNa" (5vADa) marAThA kAlanA amadAvAdanI sAmAjika-rAjakIya sthiti mATe rasaprada che. cADiyA tarIke oLakhAtA khaTapaTI loko rAjadarabAramAM jaI jAtajAtanI cADI karatA ane e uparathI sUbe leke pAsethI paisA kaDhAvato. uttama athavA etiyA nAme cADiyAe sadubA nAme eka bAroTa bAI upara vyabhicArano Aropa mUkI ene darabAramAM laI javA prayatna karyo, paNa kuTuMbanI AbarU sAcavavA mATe enA patie pitAnI pativratA patnI ane bALakone lekenA dekhatAM kApI nAkhyAM ane loko sAthe e pezavAnA sUbAnI havelIe gayo, lekeno gusso joI sUbAe lekonA ToLAne otiyo seMpI dIdho ane lekoe enI paMcaITALI karI. maranAra bAI sadubA amadAvAdanA zAhapuranA bhATavADAmAM satI tarIke pUjAya che. A ghaTanA pachI amadAvAdamAM cADiyAone trAsa bhaTI gayo. 102

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22 ] marAThA kAla [pra. amadAvAdanA nAgara brAhmaNa kezavasuta kevaLarAme saM. 1875( I. sa. 1819)mAM racela hiMdI " bAbI vilAsa " jUnAgaDha rAdhanapura ane vADAsineranA bAbIvaMzanA kAvyamaya ItihAsa che. bAbIonA mULa puruSa saiyada hajarata murtajA alI khAnano vaMzavistAra ApI, zAhajahAMnA samayamAM bahAdarakhAnajIe gujarAtamAM pagadaMDo jamAvavAne AraMbha karyo ane mevAsanA bhalene haTAvI kheDA vADAsinera vagere tAbe karyo tyArathI te namAmuddInakhAnajIe mAjI gAyakavADa sAme merA mAMDyo tyAM sudhI vRttAMta A apUrNa kRtimAM A samayamAM jena AcAryo ane sAdhuo vize temaja jaina atihAsika ane dhArmika prasaMgo vize keTalIka kRtio racAI che, te tatkAlIna dhArmika ItihAsa mATe upayogI che. 104 amadAvAdanA nagarazeTha zAMtidAsanuM I. sa. 1854 (saM. 1910) sudhInuM vaMzavRkSa phArbasa sabhAmAM sacavAyeluM che. 15 AnuSagika mahatvanI bIjI aitihAsika racanAo -mukhyatve gujarAtI ane thoDIka hiMdI e sabhAnA saMgrahamAM che ane gujarAtanA vividha pradezanA temaja enAM judAM judAM dezI rAjyonA ItihAsa mATe tathA ApaNA rAjyanA sAMskRtika itihAsa mATe e vividha rIte kAmanI che. keTalIka racanAo kevaLa sthAnika agatyanI hovA chatAM rasaprada che. saurASTranA cAraNI sAhityamAM prastuta samayamAM sthAnika agatyanI aneka aitihAsika ke prazastipradhAna kRtio racAI che paNa e sarvanI rItasaranI saMkalanA ke tapasIla hajI thaI nathI. A te pratyakSa ItihAsopayogI sAhityanI vAta thaI, paNa A kAlakhaMDamAM racAyelA vipula gujarAtI sAhityamAMnA ullekhe rAjakIya nahi te sAmAjika ItihAsanI rekhAo spaSTa karavAmAM upayoga thAya ema che. svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA sthApaka sahajAnaMda svAmI A samayamAM thaI gayA. guja. rAtanA dhArmika-sAmAjika jIvanamAM emanuM pradAna avismaraNIya che. sahajAnaMdanuM ane svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanuM sAhitya, AthI, gujarAtanuM dhArmikasAmAjika jIvana samajavA mATe bahumUlya che. pAdaTIpa 1. mirAte hamalI be bhAga ane puravaNI) prathama, muMbaI maLe I. sa. 1888-89mAM pragaTa thayuM hatuM. pachI gAyakavADa orienTala sirIjhamAM saiyada navAba alI ane sI. ena. seDananA saMpAdana heThaLa I. sa. 1927-30 daramyAna prakAzita thayuM. enI puravaNInuM aMgrejI bhASAMtara paNa prastuta be vidvAno dvArA I. sa. 1930mAM

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1 luM] sAdhana-sAmagrI [ 23 vaDAdarAthI pragaTa thayuM hatuM. enA pahelA bhAganA temaja puravaNIne gujarAtI anuvAda kAjI nijhAmuddIne karele, je gujarAta varnAkayulara seAsAyaTIe anukrame I.sa. 1913 mAM ane 1923mAM bahAra pADayo hatA, jyAre khInna bhAganuM cAra vibhAgeAmAM dI. kha. kRSNalAla meAhanalAla jhaverIe bhASAMtara karyu` hatuM, je I. sa. 1933-36 mAM tyAMthI ja chapAyuM hatuM. zrI lAkhaDavALAe karelA enA aMgrejI anuvAda e bhAgamAM 1970 ane 1974 mAM bahAra paDayo che. 2. mULa grata aprakAzita che. enI eka prata rAyala eziyATika seAsAyaTInI muMbaI zAkhAnA pustakAlacamAM che, je kartAnA hAthe lakhAI hAvAnu' anumAna che, enI bIjI hastapratA deza-paradezanAM graMthAlayeAmAM vidyamAna che. Dabalyu A pustakanuM aMgrejI bhASAMtara i. raeNhAseka karyuM hatuM, je kanala je. vA,sananA sudhArAvadhArA sahita ane jemsa jesanA upAdghAta sAthe muMbaIthI I. sa. 1898 mAM chapAyuM hatuM. maNizaMkara jayazaMkara majamudAre tathA zaMbhubhAI dezAI e kareluM enuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara paNa prasiddha thayu che. ' " 3. vIr ahamanI ' aprakAzita che. enI pUrI prata emanA vazo pAse che ema kahevAya che. harItuhindunA gujarAtanA itihAsavALA bhAganI hastaprata muMbaInI raeNzayala eziyATika sAsAyaTInA pustakAlayamAM che. 4. A pustaka paNa aprakAzita che. enI prateA laMDananI inDiyA oNphisanA temaja amadAvAdanI gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA pustakAlayamAM che. 5. enI eka nakala gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAM che. 6. A pustakanI ekamAtra prata briTiza myujhiyama, laDananA pustakAlayamAM che. G. A pustakanI hastaprata vize noMdha upalabdha nathI. eneA ullekha phAsa gujarAtI sabhA--muMbaInI phArasI hAstalikhita graMthAnI nAmAvalI( sakalana : muhammada umara kAkila)nA pariziSTa 4 mAM nakhara 82 upara che. 8. A pustaka mu`baIthI prakAzita thayuM che. 9. A pustaka aura MgAbAda khAte aMjumane tarannI chatU si~va dvArA maulavI abdu hakanA saMpAdanamAM I. sa. 1933 mAM pragaTa thayuM hatuM. 10. A kAlanA lekhAnA samagra sagraha prakAzita thayA nathI tema enI sUci paNa pragaTa thaI nathI. mi. kAunsense taiyAra karelA Revised List of Antiquarian Remains in the Bbmbay Presidency (RLARBP)mAM A kAlanA ATha lekhAne ane zrI, DisakaLakare saMgRhIta karelA Inscriptions of Kathiawad (IK) mAM 11 abhilekhAmAM na'. 177 thI 187)ne samAveza thAya che. muni jinavijayajIe sapAdita karelA prAnIna ganajelasaMgraha (prAgaiche)-mAna 6, muni zrI rAdhanapura pratimA lekhasAha, ' muni buddhisAgara vizAlavijayajInA *

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24] marAThA kA [ma. sUri-kRta "jainadhAtupratimAlekhasaMgraha' bhAga 1 vagere saMgrahomAMnA ekaMdare 50 thI vadhu lekha A kAlanA che. bIjA thoDAka abhilekha yAtrAgraMtho tathA sAmayikamAM chUTAchavAyA prasiddha thayA che. 11. jemake , mA. 2 mAMnA 12. dA. ta. lAThIne saM. 1820 ne pratimAlekha (IK, No. 177), lImaDIne saM. 1830 no lekha (IK, No. 180), vaDhavANane saM. 1833ne lekha (IK, No. 181), zaMkhezvarano saM. 1876 ne lekha ("zaMkhezvara mahAtIrtha, le 59), havAne saM. 1841 no lekha ("zrI bhorolatIrtha, pR 30-31), zaMkhezvarano saM. 1854 ne lekha ("zaMkhezvara mahAtIrtha," le. 20) ane lImaDIno saM. 1860 + lekha (IK, No. 184). pALiyA paranA lekha mukhyatve gujarAtImAM hoya che. 13. zaMkhezvarane saM. 1868 ne lekha (zaMkhezvara mahAtIrtha," le. 11) 14. dA. ta. navA rAjapIpaLAne saM. 1839 ne lekha (vallabhavidyAnagara saMzodhana patrikA (vavisaM5), pu. 1, aMka 2, se. 28) saMskRta-vrajabhASA-gujarAtImAM), jUnA rAjapIpaLAne saM. 1839 no (ejana, le. 29) saMskRta-gujarAtImAM ane saM. 185 ne ejana, le. 30) saMskRta-vrajabhASAmAM che baudhAnane saM. 1958 no lekha (RLARBP, p. 106) ane dvArakAno saM. 1866 no lekha ("dvArakA sarvasaMgraha, pR. 241) paNa saMskRta-gujarAtImAM che. 15. bhAratI zelata, IDara rAjyanAM traNa aprasiddha tAmrapatra." "svAdhyAya,'' pu. 15, pR. 26-77 16. IK, Nos. 185-187 17. juo upara pA. TI. 15. 18. juo ratnamaNirAva, "gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda, .156. 19. "pathika, varSa 6, aMka 10-11, pR. 39 20. rAmasiMhajI kA. rAThoDa, "kacchanuM saMskRti darzana, pR. 267 . 21 IK, No. 183 22. prahe, mA 2, avalokana, pR. 53 23. RLARBP, p. 105 24. vavisaMpa, pu. 1, aM. 2, se. 29 25 ejana. le 30 26. dvArakA sarvasaMgraha', pR. ra4pa 27. IK, No. 185 28. IK, No. 186 26. Journal of Gujarat Research Society (JGRS), Vol. XXV, p. 311 30, IK, No. 187 3. prArna, ma. 2, avalokana, pR. -53 32. jJana, mA. 2, se. 4d 0

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33. muni vizAlavijayajI, zrI bhAreAlatIya,' pR. 30-31 jainadhAtupratimAlekhasa'graha,' bhA. 1, le 1400 34. 35. za. kA. zAThADa, * kacchanuM sa`skRti darzIna,' pR. 86-9pa " 36. dA. ta. rAdhanapuranA sa. 1838 nA zilAlekha (prAlche, mA. 2, 3, 460), jUnA rAjapIpaLAnA sa. 1834 nA tathA sa. 1851 nA zilAlekha (visa`5, va. 1, a. 2, le, 29-30), dhALakAneA sa'. 1853 nA zilAlekha ( JGRS, VOI. XXV, P. 311), zatruMjayanA sa'. 1861 nA lekha (prajJeje, mA. 2, avalAkana, pR. 54), taraNetaranA sa. 1860 nA lekha (IK, No. 185), jaDezvaranA saM. 1869 nA lekha IK, No. 186), amarelInA sa. 1873 nA lekha IK, No. 187 ) [ 25 37. 'rAdhanapurapratimAlekhasa'dAha,' le. 455, 426, 48, 434, 447 78. ejana, le. 448; muni vizAlavijayajI, ' zrI. bhIDiyA pArzvanAthajI tItha, pR. 15 39. ejana, pR. 47 40. prANaiche, mA. 2, avalAkana, pR. 54 41. zaMkhezvara mahAtI`', le. 59 42. IK, No. 182; ' dvArakA sarva sa'graha,' pR. 241 43. vivasa pa, pu. 1, a. 2, le. 28 45 prAnache, mA 2, avalAkana, rR, 54 46. jemake vi. saM. 1819, 1820, 1830, 1879, 1843, 1845, 1852, 1854, 1855, 1818, 1860, 1861, 1867 ane 1869 nA lekhAmAM. 44. IK, No. 179 47. IK, Nos. 180, 186 . 48. visa pa, pu. 1, a` 2, le. 28; 'dvArakA sarvAMsa'graha,' pR. 241 49. IK, No. 186 50. visa'pa, pu. 1, aM. 2, le. 29 51 prAgaje, mA. 2, 3. 460 para. visapa, pu. 1, a. 2, le. 28 55. Ibid., No. 187 53. IK, No. 185 54. Ibid., No. 186 56. Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy, 1959-60, No. D, 105 5. Ibid., 1956-57, No. D, 65 58. Ibid, 1973-74, No. D, 42, 43. A kha'ne bhAI e nahi, paNa pitarAI e hatA. baMnenI khalIphA sulatAna sudhInI pUrI vaMzAvaLI A lekhamAM ApI che. 59. Ibid., 1961-62, No. D, 14; 1967-68, Nos. D, 173, 174; 1973-74, Nos. D, 30, 33, 34; Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica, 1935-36, p. 45, plate xxxiii b.

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26 ] [ ma. to. Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy, 1976-77, No. D, 163; Inscriptions of Baroda State, Vol. II, p. 12, pl. Va i HudP++ nAma che, je kheATu' che. marAThA kAla 2. Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy, 1954-55, No. D, 12; 1961-62, Nos.-D, 12, 15, 3; 1964-65, No. D, 29; 1973-74, No. D. 15; ele $2. Ibid., 1975-76, No. D, 119 3. Ibid., 1954-55, No. D, 53; 1973-74, No. D, 62 x. Ibid, 1961-62, No D, 16; 1964-65, No. D, 45; 1973-74, No. D, 49; 1974-75, No. D, 67 4. Ibid., 1974-75, No. D, 53 . Ibid., 1954-55, No. D, 117; 1961-62, No. D, 9; 1964-65, No. D, 45 <. Ibid., 1967-68, No. D, 146 90. Ibid,, 1956-57, No. D, 55 9. Ibid., 1964-65, No. D, 45 te. Ibid., 1975-76, No. D, 104 71. Ibid., No. D, 34 A lekha hAla mu`baInA prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyamamAM Epigraphia Indica Arabic and Persian Supplment, 1957 and 1957, p. 26, plate VII Hi u 9. 2. Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica, 1939-40, p. 7 plate III 3. Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy, 1961-62, No. D, 32 98. Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica, 1935-36, pp. 45, 46, plate XXXIII, e 94. Ibid; 1973-74, No. D, 12 33, 34; 1975-76, No. D, 91 of. M. S Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. II, pp. 554 f. 77. gujarAtanA A kAlanA sikkAe para ga. va. AcAya nA lekha Proceeding of the All-India Oriental Conference, VII th Sesson, Baroda, pp. 694-702 mAM chapAyA che. 78. Journal of Numismatic Society of India (JNSI), Vol. XXV, pp. 46-50 9. Catalogue of Coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta (CCIMC), Vol. IV, pp. 159-63; Numismatic Supplement, No. XVII, pp. 229-48; ibid., No. XLIV, pp. 27-36

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1 huM ] sAdhana-sAmagrI 80. JNSI, Vol. XXII, pp. 285-88; Vol. XXIV, pp. 190-91 81. Ibid., Vol. V, pp. 97-103 82. CCIMC, Vol IV, pp. 184-94 83. Ibid., Vol. IV, pp. 197-200 84. khatapatra naM. 3, 9, 10, 20, 25, 30, 34, 35, 38, 39, 41, 46, 47, 49,. 56, 57, 58, 59, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109 85. khatapatra naM. 46, 47, 49 58, 59 [ 20 86. khatapatra naM. 20, 35, 109 88-89 87, khatapatra na, 30 ane 17vigatA mATe jUe ha. ga. zAstrI, * vidyAsabhA saMgrahAlayamAMnAM marAThAkAlIna khatapatra', " buddhiprakAza ", pu. 125, pR. 121 thI 125. 21. khatapatra na. 17 9. khatapatra naM. 105 90. khatapatra na. 30 93. khatapatra naM. 47 : jamIna pUrva-pazcima gaja 23 ne 5 tasu lAMkhI ane uttara-dakSiNa gaja 9 ne 1 tasu paheALI bharthAt cArasa gaja 20aa ne 2 tasu hatI. rU = nA dare enI kiMmata rU. 78aaaa thaI hatI. 94. A sikkAnA tAla 115 mAsA(mASa) hatA. 5. muni jinavijayajI, * prAcIna gujarAtanA sAMskRtika itihAsanI sAdhanasAmagrI - (pR. 36), gujarAta sAhitya sabhA kAryavAhI, 1933-34 ' " 96. A mATe jue, abAlAla jAnI, * zrI phA sa gujarAtI sabhAnAM hastalikhita pustakAnI savistara nAmAvali,' bhAga 1. t 7. bhAgIlAla sAMDesarA ( saSA.). ' pATaNanI gajhala', phA'sa gujarAtI sabhA traimAsika," pu. 13, pR. 31-41 98. bhegIlAla sAMDesarA (saMpA.), 'baDAdarAnI gajhala', ''sAhitya', pu. 20,pR. 72-76 99 aMbAlAla jAnI, upayukta, pR. 131-32 100, mAhanalAla desAI 'jaina sAhityanA saMkSipta itihAsa ', pR. 179 101. akhAlAla jAnI, uparyukta pU. 128-29 102. ejana, pR. 134-36, 239, 252-54 103. ejana, pR. 11-13 104. meAhanalAla desAI, upayukta, pR. 679 105. aMbAlAla jAnI, upayukta, pR. 389

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khaMDa 2 rAjakIya itihAsa prakaraNa 2 chatrapatio ane pezavAo ane teonA tathA teonA adhikArIonA gujarAta sAthenA pUrvasaMparka 1. marAThA chatrapati ane pezavAo marAThI sattAnA udayathI 17 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM bhAratanA rAjakAraNamAM mahatvanA pheraphAra thayA tene kharo AraMbha zivAjInI kArakirdIthI thayo. chatrapati zivAjI (I. sa. 1627 ke 1630 thI 1680) junnara pAse AvelA zivaneranA killAmAM 6 ThThI eprila 16ra7 (ke 19 mI phebruArI 1630 )nA roja zivAjIno janma thaye. e pachI ene pitA zAhajI pitAnI bIjI patnI sAthe bijApuramAM rahete hato, jyAre zivAjI sAthe enI mAtA jijAbAI puNenI jAgAramAM alaga rahetI hatI. eNe zivAjImAM ucca AdarzonI bhAvanA reDI ane dharmanuM jhanUna preryuM. e vakhate vaDIla pade rahelA brAhmaNa dAdAjI keDadeve zivAjImAM hiMmata ane AtmabaLa keLavyAM. parvatIya pradezanA mAvalIo uttama prakAranA sainike sahAyaka ane saradAra tarIke zivAjInI sAthe rahyA. A samaye dakhaNamAM muslima salatanatanI thaI rahelI paDatI ane mughala daLenI uttaramAM lAMbA samaya sudhI cAlI rahelI caDAIoe marAThI sattAnA -udayamAM mekaLAza karI ApI dAdAjI keDadevanA avasAna (1647) bAda zivA jIe bijApuranA adhikArIo pAsethI ghaNA killA jItI lIdhA. I. sa 1649 thI 1655 sudhI zivAjIne Akramaka nIti baMdha rAkhavI paDI, kAraNa ke bijApuranA sulatAnanI nokarImAM joDAyelA enA pitA zAhajIne sulatAne

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2 nuM ] chatrapatio ane pezavAe pUrvasaMparka keda karyo, alabatta, putranI sArI vartaNukanI khAtarI maLatAM zAhajIne mukta karavAmAM Avyo. 1656 mAM zivAjIe nAvalI jItyuM. zivAjInA vadhatA jatA. upadravane lakSamAM laI I. sa. 1659mAM bijApuranA sulatAne zivAjInI sattAno nAza karavA aphajhalakhAnane mokalyo. zivAjIe vAghanakhathI ene mArI nAkhyo. e pachI zivAjI dakSiNa koMkaNa ane kalhApuramAM pravezyo. 1660 mAM bijA-- puranA sIdI jauhare zivAjI pAsethI panhAlA laI lIdhuM. A arasAmAM dakhaNanA. mughala sUbA zAhista khAne puNe jItI lIdhuM ane kalyANa tAlukAmAMthI marAThAone hAMkI kADhayA, paraMtu 1963 mAM zivAjI zAhitakhAnane ghAyala karI. siMlmaDha cAlyo gayo. 1664 mAM rivAjIe surata lUMTayuM. I. sa. 1665 mAM. mughala pAdazAha auraMgajhebe aMbaranA rAjA jayasiMhane zivAjI pAse mokalyo. 165 mAM zivAjIe puraMdhara mukAme rAjA jayasiMha sAthe saMdhi karI ane ene 23 killA soMpI dIdhA. rAjA jayasiMha upara vizvAsa rAkhI zivAjI mughala bAdazAhane maLavA AgrA paheo (1966). bhara darabAramAM bAdazAhe enuM apamAna karyuM ane ene najarakeda karavAmAM Avyo, paraMtu sAdhunA vezamAM e tyAMthI chaTakIne potAnA vatana pAcho pharyo. zivAjIe traNa varSa zAMtimAM pasAra karyA. e daramyAna eNe mughalene soMpelA badhA ja killA jItI lIdhA. (1668). 16 70 mAM zivAjIe bIjI vAra surata lUMTayuM ane 1672 mAM eNe. suratamAMthI cotha ugharAvI. 1672 thI 1678 sudhInA samayamAM thayelA chUTAMchavAyAM yuddhomAM marAThAo sAme mughalane jIta maLI zakI nahi. daramyAna auraMgajhebe ene rAjA tarIke svIkAryo. 1974 mAM dhAmadhumathI rAyagaDhamAM zivAjIe pitAno rAjyAbhiSeka karAvyo ne chatrapatinuM pada dhAraNa karyuM. 1680 mAM zivAjInuM acAnaka avasAna thayuM. e samaye enuM rAjya dariyA kinAre sAmAnya rIte uttaramAM rAmanagara(surata pAsenuM dharamapura)thI mAMDI dakSiNe mAyasoranA pradeza, sudhI vistaryuM hatuM. chatrapati zaMbhujI (I. sa. 1680 thI 1689) chatrapati zivAjInA mRtyu bAda enA bIjA putra rAjArAmane enI mAtA soyarAbAIe eprila 1680 mAM rAyagaDhamAM rAjyAbhiSeka karyo tyAre zivAjIno jyeSTha putra zaMbhujI panhAlAnA killAmAM kedamAM hatA te bahAra Avyo ane eNe rAyagaDha tAbe karyuM ne rAjArAma tathA sAyarAbAIne keda karyA. zaMbhujIe 20 mI julAI 1980 mAM pitAno rAjyAbhiSeka karAvyo ane 10 mI jAnyu. ArI, 1681 mAM pharIthI dabadabA sAthe rAjyAbhiSeka karAvyo. A samaye.

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* ] marAThA kAla [ pra. bAdazAha auraMgajhebane putra akabara baLavo karI dakhaNamAM zaMbhujInA Azraye Avyo tethI auraMgajheba paNa dakhaNamAM AvyuM. I. sa. 1684 thI zaMbhujIe auraMgajheba sAme rakSaNAtmaka yuddha zarU karyuM. saMgamezvaramAM acAnaka chApa mArI mughalee zaMbhujIne keda pakaDyo(1686) ne 1689 mAM eno vadha karavAmAM AvyuM. chatrapati rAjArAma (I. sa 1689 thI 1700). have rAjArAmane chatrapati tarIke jAhera karavAmAM Avyo. navembara 1989 mAM zaMbhujInAM patnI yezubAI, eno bALa putra zAhu ane bIjA aneka jANItA mANasa pakaDAyA teone auraMgajhebane soMpavAmAM AvyAM. rAjArAme kuzaLa salAhakAre ane senApationI madadathI auraMgajhebanI badhI yuktio UMdhI pADavA mAMDI. 1698 mAM rAjArAme kacerI satArAmAM rAkhI, je ke thoDA ja vakhatamAM eNe satArA gumAvyuM. I. sa. 1699 mAM surata lUMTavAnI IcchAthI e siMhagaDha gayo, paNa mughalanA kAraNe ene pAchA pharavuM paDyuM. rAjArAma mAMdo paDyo ne 1700mAM mRtyu pAmyo. tArAbAI (I. sa. 1700 thI 1707) rAjArAmanA avasAna pachI eno putra karNa gAdI upara beThe, paraMtu bimArImAM e avasAna pAme, AthI rAjArAmanI patnI tArAbAIe pitAnA bIjA nAnA(sagIra) putrane "zivAjI" (2 ) nAma ApI gAdIe besADavo ne enA vatI e kArabhAra karavA lAgI. mughala pAdazAhanAM chellAM varSomAM marAThAo mahArASTranI bahAra bhALavA ane gujarAta sudhI savArIo laI javA lAgyA. marAThAoe burahAnapura surata bharUca ane pazcima kinArAnAM aneka samRddha nagara lUTayAM. dakSiNa karNATaka upara emaNe sattA sthApI. daramyAna 17 7 mAM auraMgajheba mRtyu pAmyo. chatrapati zAhu (I. sa. 1707 thI 1749) zAha ane yezubAI temaja bIjA mughalanA kedI banyAM hatAM. zAhune 17 varSa mughala sAthe rahevuM paDayuM hatuM. auraMgajhebanA avasAna pachI zAhue mughala chAvaNuM choDI. thaDA vakhatamAM auraMgajhebane putra zAhaAlama dilhInI gAdI upara beThe. navembara 1707 mAM beDa pAse tArAbAInA lazkara sAthe zAhane yuddha thayuM temAM e vijayI nIvaDyo. 1708 mAM zAhue satArAmAM pitAno rAjyAbhiSeka karAvyuM. tArAbAI ane ene putra satArA cheDI pahAlA gayAM.

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chatrapatio ane pezavAe pUrvasaMparka [ 31 rAjArAmanI bIjI patnI rAjabAIe tArAbAI ane enA putrane kedamAM pUrI dIdhAM ane pitAnA putra zaMbhujI (2 jA)ne kolhApuramAM gAdIe besADyo (1713). I. sa. 1731 nI saMdhi thatAM varaNa nadInI dakSiNano pradeza zaMbhujIne ane uttara pradeza zAhane maLyo. pezavA bAlAjI vizvanAtha (I. sa. 1713 thI 1720) 1713 mAM chatrapati zAhue bAlAjI vizvanAthane pezavAda ApI enuM bahumAna karyuM ne e samayathI rAjyasattA chatrapatinA hAthamAMthI pezavAnA hAthamAM cAlI gaI. senApati caMdrasene pitAnA hAdAnuM rAjInAmuM ApI chatrapati zAhune kaDI sthitimAM mUkyo tyAre bAlAjIe zAhune ciMtAmAMthI mukta karyo. bAlAjI marAThA naukAdaLanA vaDA kAnajI aMgrene zAhunA pakSamAM meLavI zakyo. eNe dakhkhaNane mughala sUbedAra nijhAma u-mulkanI tathA husenaalI saiyadanI mahattvAkAMkSAne mAta karI. eNe "svarAja mAMnA gumAvelA killA ane mulaka pAchA meLavyA, zAhunI mAtA ane bIjA kuTuMbIjanone mukta karAvyAM ne zAhune nAme dakhaNanA chaye prAMtamAM cotha ane saradezamukhI udharAvavAno haka meLavyo (1719). dakhaNamAM A marAThA rAjyanI sattAne mughala sAmrAjya pAsethI mAnyatA apAvanAra A muddI zivA "marAThA rAjyane bIje sthApaka" gaNAya che. e pitAnI yojanAne amalamAM mUkavA mAgata hatuM, paNa acAnaka e mRtyu pAmyo (1720). pezavA bAjIrAva 1 (I. sa. 1720 thI 1740) agragaNya marAThA netAone virodha chatAM bAlAjI vizvanAthane phakta 20 varSanA jayeSTha putra bAjIrAvane chatrapati zAhue 1720 mAM pezavA pade sthApe. bAjIrAve gujarAta ane mALavAmAM marAThA sattA vadhAravA mAMDI. eNe sainya sAthe 1742 mAM narmadA oLaMgI mALavA jItI lIdhuM. jayapuranA rAjA jayasiMhe enI sAthe mitrAcArI rAkhI hatI. e pachI pezavA puNe pAcho pharyo. udAjI pavAra, mahArarAva hekara ane rANAjI siMdhiyAne khaMDaNI vasUla karavA tyAM rAkhyA. emaNe dhAra idera ane gvAliyaramAM vakhata jatAM rAjya sthApyAM. A ja samaye marAThA gujarAtamAM paNa rAjya sthApI rahyA hatA. gujarAta ane bagalANamAMthI ugharANI karavAnuM kArya khaMDerAva dabhADene soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. dakhaNane mughala subedAra nijhAma ubhulka marAThAone duzmana hato. I.sa. 1725 ane 1726 nA arasAmAM bAjIrAve be vakhata karNATaka upara caDAI

Page #55
22 ] marAThA kAla [pra. karI. Akhare pezavA ane nijhAma vacce saMdhi thaI (1728). nijhAme rAjA zAhune "chatrapati tarIke svIkAryo ne cha sUbAonI cotha tathA saradezamukhI kabUlI. 1728mAM zivAe mALavA ane buMdelakhaMDa upara saMpUrNa jIta meLavI. 1731 mAM pezavAe gujarAta upara caDAI karIne gujarAtanA sUbedAra mahArAjA abhayasiMha sAthe saMdhi karI. 1737mAM pahelI vAra bAjIrAve jamanA nadI oLaMgI ane uttara hiMda uparanI caDAInI vizALa yojanA ghaDI ne e dilhI sudhI pahoMcI gayo. eNe bhopALa pAse nijhAmane gherI saMdhi karavA pharaja pADI. e pachI pitAnuM dhyAna koMkaNa tarapha keMdrita karyuM. pezavAnA bhAI cimanAjIe 1737 mAM thANuM tAbe karyuM ne sAlaseTa-vasAI meLavyuM. khaMbhAtamAM rahelA aMgrejoe 1739 mAM marAThAo sAthe saMdhi karo te mujaba dakhaNamAM vepAra karavAnI emane chUTa ApavAmAM AvI. nijhAmanA nAyaba nAsira jagane 1740mAM pezavAe saMdhi karavAnI pharaja pADI. bAjIrAvanI A chelI chata hatI. pachI uttara hiMdustAnanI dizAmAM kUca karatAM 1740 mAM pezavA bAjIrAvanuM acAnaka avasAna thayuM. pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAva (I. sa. 1740 thI 1761) bAjIrAvane cha putra bAlAjI bAjIrAva phakta 18 varSanI uMmare pezavA pade nimAya. enI 21 varSanI ujajavaLa kArakirdI daramyAna mughala sAmrAjyane sUrya asta pAme ne bhAratamAM marAThA rAjyano vistAra thaye. enI kArakirdI be bhAgamAM vahecAI jAya che : (1) I. sa. 1740 thI 1749 sudhI nava varSano tabakko chatrapati zAhane rAjyakAla ane (2) I. sa. 1749 thI 1761 sudhIne 12 varSane chatrapati rAjArAmane kAla. 1741 mAM mughala bAdazAhe mALavA para marAThAonA haka mAnya karyo. raghucha bheMsalee karNATaka upara vijaya meLavyo. 1743 mAM pezavAe baMgALa tarapha kUca karI ane nAgapuranA raghucha bhoMsale sAthe pradezanI vaheMcaNI karI, buMdelakhaMDa ane rAjasthAnamAM marAThA sattAne daDha karI. karNATakamAM nijhAme jItI lIdhele mulaka pAchuM meLavyuM. 1749 mAM mRtyune Are pahoMcelA chatrapati zAhue, amuka bAbate sivAya, pezavAne rAjyamAM saMpUrNa sattA ApatuM vasiyatanAmuM karyuM. have pezavA sarva sattAdhIza banyo. zivAnI icchA kolhApuranA rAjA zaMbhujIne chatrapati banAvI satArA-kelhApuranAM rAjyanuM ekIkaraNa karavAnI hatI, paNa zAhue tArAbAInA pautra rAmarAjAne potAne uttarAdhikArI

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2 ju ] chatrapatie ane pezavAo...pUrva sapa [33 nImyA. zAhunA mRtyu pachI chatrapatipade 1750 mAM rAmarAjAnA abhiSeka thayo. rAmarAjA ni`La hAI tArAbAInA tAbAmAM rahetA ne rAjyanI sarva sattA pezavAnA hAthamAM AvI. tArAbAIne kAraNe marAThAemAM AMtaravigraha thayeA, paraMtu chevaTe tArAbAIne namatu' ApavuM paDayuM. 1960 mAM kelhApuranA rAjA zaMbhujInuM mRtyu thayuM. pezavA kolhApurane satArA sAthe joDI devA mAgatA hatA, paraMtu e arasAmAM pANIpatanuM trIjuM yuddha thayuM. e pahelAM I. sa. 1754 thI 1759 sudhInA gALAmAM marAThA ane nijhAma vacce yuddha thayAM. I. sa. 1760 mAM nijhAma saMpUrNapaNe hArI gayA. gujarAta para pezavA ane gAyakavADanI sattA sthapAI. marAThA sattA parAkASTAe paheAMcI, paraMtu pANIpatanA medAnamAM laDAyelA yuddhamAM marAThAonI ahamadazAha abdAlI sAme kAramI hAra thayAnA samAcAra sAMbhaLI AdyAta pAmela pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAva mRtyu pAmyA (1761). pezavA mAdhavarAva 1 leA (I. sa. 1761 thI 1772) bAlAjI bAjIrAvanA avasAne enA bIjA putra mAdhavarAvane pezavApada apAyu (1761). A samaye enA kAkA raghunAtharAva (rAdhAbA) sagIra pezavAnA vAlI tarIke vasa dharAvatA hatA. thADA vakhatamAM nijhAmanA bhAI nijhAmaalIe puNe para AkramaNa karyuM, paraMtu e hAryo te eNe sadhi karI. 1762 mAM pezavA ane rAdhAbA vacce AMtaravigraha thayA emAM thayelI sa MdhimAM rAdhAbAne vahIvaTI sattAe prApta thaI. 1763 mAM pezavAnA sainye nijhAmaalInI pheojane harAvI, 1764 mAM karNATakanA haidaraalI sAthe yuddha thayuM; A 1 lA mAyasera-vigrahamAM marAThAone vijaya thayA. 1765-66 mAM pezavAe jAtAjI bhAMsalene harAvyeA. mughala pAdazAha zAhaAlama 2 jA pAsethI baMgALa ane bihAranA * dIvAnI haka ' meLavI aMgrejo e prAMtAnA zAsaka banyA. aMgrejoe baMgALa bihAra madrAsa muMbaI vagere pradezAmAM sattAnI jamAvaTa karI hatI. pezavA mAdhavarAva emanI vadhatI jatI sattAthI ciMtAtura hatA. 1767 mAM marAThAe ane haidaraalI vacce khIjo mAyaseAra-vigraha thaye, jemAM haidaraalIne parAjaya thayA. 1768 mAM rAdheAkhAne najarakeda karavAmAM AvyA. 1770 mAM trIjo mAyasAra-vigraha thayA temAM paNa haidaraalInA parAjaya thayA ne chevaTe 1771 mAM sadhi thaI. 1770 mAM AgrA ane mathurAmAM marAThAone jIta maLI, mahAdajI siMdhiyAe uttara bhAratamAM jATa, rAhilA ane i-7-3

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34 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. aphaghAnone namAvIne beAba ane pharukhAbAda jItI lIdhAM. 1771 mAM mahAdajI siMdhiyAe rAjadhAnI dilhI upara adhikAra jamAvyo. 177ra mAM 28 varSanI bhara juvAnavaye pezavA mAdhavarAvanuM avasAna thayuM. pezavA nArAyaNarAva (I. sa. 1772 thI 1703) chatrapati rAmarAjAe mAdhavarAvanA nAnA bhAI nArAyaNarAva pezavA pade 2 kApo. aMgrejoe thANu vasaI vijayadurga ane ratnAgirinAM marAThA naukAmathako upara humalA karyA hatA. pezavA nArAyaNarAve e mATe ghaTatAM pagalAM bharyA. pezavAnI najarakedamAMthI rAghobA 1773 mAM nAsI chUTayo, paraMtu ene pharI pakaDIne najarakeda karavAmAM Avyo. 30 mI ogasTa 1773 nA roja pezavAnuM bhara bapore khUna karavAmAM AvyuM. emAM rAbAne mukhya hAtha hato. pezavA raghunAtharAva ( rAbA ) (I. sa. 1773 thI 1774) 10 mI oNkTobara 173 nA roja rAbA kAyadesara pezavA banyo, paraMtu puNenA "bArabhAI" ene pakaDavA mAgatA hatA, AthI ene puNenI bahAra bhAgatA rahevuM paDayuM. daramyAna e nijhAma ane haidaraalI sAthe vigraha karato rahyo. evAmAM nArAyaNarAvanI vidhavAne putra janmyo. Akhare 17mI phebruArI 1774 nA roja rAbAne pezavA padethI padabhraSTa karavAmAM Avyo. A bArabhAIe mAM nAnA phaDanavIsa ane mahAdajI siMdhiyA mukhya hatA. pezavA savAI mAdhavarAva (I. sa. 1774 thI 1795) bAra bhAIo nI bhalAmaNathI nArAyaNarAvanA 40 divasanI uMmaranA putra 2vAI mAdhavarAva pezavApada arpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM. nAnA phaDanavIse A zivAne ekAMtapriya ja rAkhyo. nAnA phaDanavIsa ekamAtra sarvocca vahIvaTakartI rahyo. A samaya daramyAna rAbA aMgrejonI madada meLavI sattA hAMsala karavA mathato hato, paraMtu emAM e phAvate nahi. 1776 mAM aMgrejo sAthe puNe darabAranI puraMdharanI saMdhi karavAmAM AvI ne e samayathI aMgrejoe marAThAonA AMtarika vahIvaTamAM mAthuM mAravAnuM zarU karyuM. prathama aMgrejamarAThA vigraha I. sa. 1778 mAM thayo. chatrapati rAmarAjAnuM avasAna thatAM satArAmAM ene sthAne chatrapati tarIke zAha 2 (I. sa. 1777 thI 1808) gAdIe Avyo hate. jAnyuArI 1778 mAM aMgrejo ane marAThAo vacce

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2 ju] chatrapatie ane pezavAo...pUvasa para [ 35 ' vaDagAMvanI saMdhi thaI. 1780 thI 1781 mAM nAnA phaDanavIse aMgrajone bhAratamAMthI hAMkI kADhavA aMgrejo viruddha ' rAjAne akhila bhAratIya saMdha ' UbhA karyAM, jemAM puNe sarakAra, karNATakane haidaraalI, haidarAbAdanA nijhAma ane nAgapuranA bhoMsale joDAyA. jirAnA sIdI, pAMDicerInA phrencA ane gAvAnA porTugIjhoneA sAtha paNa nAnA phaDanavIsane maLyA. bIjI bAju hesTiMgse sa MdhanA sabhyAne eka pachI eka phADI nAkhyA. Ama chatAM mahAdajI sidhiyA ane nAnA phaDanavIsa hi Mmata hAryo nahi. muMbaI cate gujarAtamAM marAThAoe aMgrejone herAna karyo. chevaTe 1782 mAM sAlabAI muDhAme a Mgrejo ane marAThA vacce saMdhi thaI. 1784 mAM rAdheAJA avasAna pAmyA ane pezavA kulanA AMtarika vigrahanA aMta AvyA. 1782 mAM haidaraalInuM mRtyu - thayuM. enA putra TIpu sulatAnanA samayamAM marAThA sAthe mAyasAra-vigraha thayA, jemAM TIpu sulatAna yuddhamAM marAyA ( 1799 ). khIjI pAsa uttara bhAratamAM mahAdacha siMdhiyAe vijaya-kUca krUrI aneka vijaya meLavyA, paraMtu 1794 mAM enu avasAna thayuM. TIpu upara vijaya meLavyA pachI nAnA phaDanavIsanI sattA ane pratiSThAmAM khUba vadhArA thayA. 1792 mAM mahAda siMdhiyA puNemAM pezavAne maLyA, paraMtu thoDA samayamAM ja mahAdajI ane puNenA maMtrI maDaLa vacce virAdha thayA. pezavA savAI mAdhavarAvanI kArakirdInuM chelluM yuddha kha mukAme 1795 mAM laDAyuM emAM nijhAmanI hAra thaI. thADA vakhatamAM pezavA savAI mAdhavarAvatu avasAna thayuM ( 1795 ). pezavA AjIrAva 2 jo ( I. sa. 1796 thI 1818 ) e raghunAtharAva( rAdheAkhA )nA putra hatA. za MdenI sahAyathI e sattA para AvelA. eNe sattA para AvyA pachI pitA rAdhAbAnA tamAma pakSakArAne mukta karI rAjyamAM ucca hAddA ApyA. pezavA ane nAnA phaDanavIsa vacce matabheda rahyA. 1797 mAM tukAjI holkaranuM avasAna thatAM iMderamAM enA cAra putrA vacce vArasAvigraha phATI nIkaLyeA. bAjIrAve ane ziMdee kAzIrAvanA pakSa lIdhA, jyAre nAnA phaDanavIse bAkInA traNa putrAnA saMyukta daLaneA pakSa lIdhA. pezavAe ziMdenI salAha anusAra jyeSTha putra kAzIrAvane IMdoranuM '- holkarapada ' ApyuM. 1797 mAM nAnA phaDanavIsane keda karavAmAM AvyA. chevaTe samajUtI karAvavA nAnA phaMDanavIsane 1798 mAM mukta karavAmAM AvyeA. A arasAmAM 1798 mAM gavara

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marAThA kAla [[ pra. janarala tarIke lorDa veleslI (1788 thI 1805)nI nimaNUka thaI. eNe sahAyakArI yojanA" amalamAM mUkIne eka pachI eka marAThA saradArone harAvyA. chevaTe pezavAne paNa vasAInI saMdhi (I. sa. 1802) svIkAravAnI pharaja paDI. marAThA rAjyanI svataMtratAne aMta ANyo. Ama chatAM 1803 mAM bAjIrAva pharIthI pezavApade Avyo. bIje marAThA vigraha 1803 mAM aMgrejo ane marAThAo vacce laDAyo. aMgrejo ane raghucha bhoMsale vacce devagAMvanI saMdhi thaI, jemAM bheMsalee ghaNe pradeza gumAvyo. trIjo aMgreja-marAThA vigraha I.sa. 18 04-05 mAM thayo. I. sa. 1805 mAM rAjaghATa mukAme saMdhi thaI, jemAM yazavaMtarAva hekare che. pradeza gumAvyuM. enA uttarAdhikArI mahArarAva hekare aMgrejone zaraNe jaI saMdhi karI (1818). I. sa. 18 05 sudhImAM to pezavA sindhiyA bhoMsale holkara gAyakavADa TIpu sulatAna karNATaka ) ane nijhAmaalI (haidarAbAda) ema eka pachI eka hiMdanI sattAone aMgrejoe harAvI emanA pradezamAM potAnAM Azrita rAjya sthApI dIdhAM. cothe aMgrejamarAThA vigraha I. sa. 1818 mAM laDAye. ATInA yuddhamAM pezavA hAryo. 1 lI jUna 1818 nA roja pezavA aMgrejone zaraNe Avyo ane asIragaDhanI saMdhi thatAM pezavAne svataMtra rAjyane aMta Avyo. 2. marAThA zAsakenA pUrvasaMparka amadAvAdamAM mahArASTranA pezavAonI tathA gAyakavADanI sattA 17pa358 daramyAna sthapAI te pahelAM cheka 16 64 thI marAThA zAsako gujarAtamAM pagapesAro karatA hatA ne dravya tathA mulaka meLavavA mathatA hatA. AnI tabakkAvAra rUparekhA avalakIe. gujarAta paranA prAthamika humalA zivAjIe marAThAonA svataMtra rAjyanI sthApanA karIne marAThAonI mahatvAkAMkSAno pAyo nAkhyo. pite sthApelA svataMtra rAjyane zatruothI rakSavA, ene daDha karavA tathA ene vistAra karavA zivAjIne nANAMnI jarUra hatI. A mATe enI najara e samayanA bhAratanA sauthI samRddha baMdara surata para paDI ane eNe ene 1664 mAM tathA 1670 mAM ema be vakhata lUMTavuM. AmAMthI zivAjIne mughala tathA anya zatruo sAme jarUra paDe te lAMbA samaya sudhI laDavA mATe pUratAM nANAM maLyAM. A uparAMta, marAThI ItihAsakAra zrI saradesAI jaNAve che tema, suratanI lUMTathI zivAjInA anya be hetu paNa siddha

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2 je 1 chatrapatio ane pezavAo pUrvasaMparka [ 37 thayA : (1) e pitAnA rAjya paranuM mughalenuM dabANa ochuM karAvI zakyo tathA (2) dakhaNamAMthI mughalenuM dhyAna gujarAta para kendrita karAvI zakyo. zivAjIe suratanI karelI lUMTathI gujarAtane marAThAono prathama paricaya thayo tathA gujarAtanI nibaLa mughala sUbAgIrI khullI paDI. pariNAme gujarAtamAM vizeSa humalA karIne vadhAre dhana prApta karavAnI marAThAonI mahattvAkAMkSAne protsAhana maLyuM. vaLI svarAjya sivAyanA anya pradezomAMthI cetha ane saradezamukhI ugharAvavAno khyAla paNa zivAjIne kadAca A humalAo daramyAna Avyo hovAnuM ItihAsalekhaka zrI. sena mAne che. zivAjInA saradAra hasojI mAhitenA netRtva taLe 1675mAM tathA zivAjInA avasAna (1680) bAda enA putra zaMbhAjInA zAsana daramyAna 1685 mAM auraMgajhebanA baMDakhora putra akabaranI AgevAnI nIce marAThAoe bharUca ane enI AsapAsanA pradezamAM karelI luMTa temaja auraMgajhebanA mRtyunI pahelAMnA vaSe (1706) marAThA senApati dhanA jAdave dakSiNa gujarAtanA pradeza para karelA humalA A nItine AgaLa dhapAvavA mATe hovAnuM kahI zakAya. marAThAoe gujarAtamAM vistArelAM AkramaNa UgatI marAThI sattAne kacaDI nAkhavAnA AzayathI auraMgajhebe chatrapati saMbhAjInI 1685 mAM hatyA karI, paraMtu AnAthI marAThAo vadhAre saMgaThita thayA ane mughala sAme vizeSa Akramaka banyA tathA gujarAta paranAM pitAnAM AkramaNone teoe vistAryA. trIjA chatrapati rAjArAmanA avasAna (1700). bAda enI patnI tArAbAI ane enA vipakSIo vacce sattA mATe AMtarakalaha thayo enAthI cheDA samaya mATe marAThAonI AgekUca thaMbhI gaI, paraMtu 1707mAM mughala bAdazAha auraMgajhebanuM avasAna thatAM marAThAone gujarAtamAM tathA bhAratanA anya bhAgomAM pitAno vistAra karavAnI taka sAMpaDI. vaLI auraMgajheba pachInA mughala bAdazAho nibaLa hatA eTale emane sattA para TakI rahevA mATe marAThAonI sahAyanI jarUra hatI. bIjI bAju auraMgajhebanA mRtyu bAda gujarAtanA mughala saradAramAM gujarAtanI sUbAgIrI meLavavA bhAre kheMcatANa cAlI temAM paNa eka athavA bIjA pakSane marAThAonI madadanI jarUra jaNAI. AnAthI marAThAone uttara hiMdamAM tathA gujarAtamAM pitAnuM varcasa jamAvavAnI pUratI taka maLI. Ano lAbha marAThAoe ThIka pramANamAM lIdhe. prathama pezavA bAlAjI vizvanAtha tathA bIjA pezavA bAjIrAva 1 lAe A bAbatamAM Akramaka nIti apanAvI.

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8. marAThA kAla [ pra bAlAjI vizvanAthe marAThI sattAne vyavasthita karavA marAThI saradArone judA judA pradezanI hakumata vaheMcI ApI. e rIte 1716 mAM khaMDerAva dAbhADe nAmanA saradArane gujarAtamAM marAThI sattA vistAravA mATenuM netRtva soMpavAmAM AvyuM. dAbhADe dakSiNanA rAjakAraNamAM eTale badhA otaprota hato ke e jAte gujarAtamAM jaI zake ema na hatuM, tethI eNe pitAnA adhikArIo kaMthAjI kadama, damAjI gAyakavADa tathA enA bhatrIjA pilAjI gAyakavADane A kAmagIrI soMpI. daramyAnamAM bAlAjI vizvanAtha tathA khaMDerAva dabhADee mughala bAdazAha muhammadazAha tathA enA dIvAna alI bhAIo pAsethI gujarAtamAMthI ceya ugharAvavA mATene marAThAone adhikAra meLavI lIdho; AnAthI gujarAtamAMnI marAThAonI pravRttione kAnUnI svarUpa maLyuM." | gujarAtamAM mughala sattAnAM mukhya keMdra surata tathA amadAvAda hatAM, AthI enA para humalAo karIne gujarAtanI mughala sattAne nirbaLa banAvIne gujarAtamAM pitAnuM varcasa sthApavAnuM marAThAoe vicAryuM. A mATe pilAjIe suratathI Azare 50 ki. mI. dUra Avela sonagaDhane pitAnuM mukhya mathaka banAvyuM. eNe bhale ane keLIonuM lazkara taiyAra karyuM tathA surata mahAlanA "aThThAvIza paragaNuM" nAme oLakhAtA pradeza para satata pAMca varSa (1719 thI 1723) sudhI humalA karyA. pariNAme surata mahAlanuM mughalataMtra kheravAI gayuM. marAThAoe A paragaNAMmAMthI cotha tarIke moTI rakama ugharAvI.5 kaMthAjI kadama tathA enA sAvakA putra kRSNajIe paMcamahAlamAM godharA dAhoda vagere para humalA karyA tathA cAMpAnera ane pAvAgaDha kabaje karyA, je Azare 1750 sudhI eNe pitAnA hastaka rAkhyAM. e pachI cAMpAnera tathA pAvAgaDha sahita paMcamahAla siMdhiyAe kabaje karyuM. damAjIe 1734 mAM vaDodarA tAbe karyuM. Ama aDhAramI sadInA madhyabhAga sudhImAM dakSiNa gujarAta tathA pUrva gujarAtanA ghaNuMkharA pradeza para marAThI varcasa sthapAyuM, paraMtu marAThAonA humalAnA satata bhayane lIdhe tyAMnuM rAjyataMtra asthira ane nirbaLa banyuM. raMgajhebanA mRtyu bAda gujarAtanI sUbedArI meLavavA mughala saradAro vacce tIvra harIphAI thaI. haidarAbAdane nijhAma samasta gujarAta para kAbU meLavavA Atura hoM, jyAre gujarAtano mughala sUbe sujAtakhAna pitAnuM sthAna TakAvI rAkhavA mAgatuM hatuM. baMne pakSone A mATe marAThAonI sahAyanI jarUra hatI. kaMthAjI tathA pilAjIe A paristhitine lAbha lIdhe. kaMthAjI kadame nijhAmanA

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2ju ] chatrapatie ane pezavAe pUrvasaMparka [ 39 kAkA hamIdakhAnane e marAThAone nizcita rakama Ape tathA mahI nadInA uttaranA pradezamAMthI marAThAone cotha ugharAvavAno haka Ape e zarate madada karavAnuM svIkAryuM. AnI pAchaLano kaMthAjIne Azaya madhya gujarAta tathA uttara gujarAtanA pradeza para paNa marAThI varcasa sthApavAno hato. hamIdakhAne A zaratone svIkAra karatAM kaMthAe 15,000 ghaDesavAranuM daLa hamIdakhAnanI sahAe mokalyuM, jenI madadathI hamIdakhAne zujAtakhAnane parAjaya ApIne ane dAvAdano kabaje lIdhe, (1724). kaMthAjInA netRtva taLe marAThAo prathama vAra amadAvAdamAM pravezyA. hamIdakhAna marAThAone nizcita karelI rakama ApI zakyo nahi, AthI eNe zahera lUMTIne e rakama vasUla karavAnI marAThAone chUTa ApI. pariNAme marAThAoe amadAvAda lUMTIne nakakI karelI rakama tathA cothanI rakama vasUla karI. gujarAta para marAThAonuM sthapAyeluM Adhipatya amadAvAdamAM marAThAonA praveza uttara gujarAta tathA pazcima gujarAta(saurASTra)mAM teone vistaravAno mArga mokaLo thayo, kaMthAe vIramagAma, saurASTranA amuka pradeza tathA uttara gujarAtanA mahesANA sudhInA pradezamAMthI cethI ugharAvI. pariNAme gujarAtamAMnI mughala sattA taddana nirbaLa banI ane gujarAta tathA saurASTranAM rAjyo para marAThAonuM varcasa vadhyuM. daramyAnamAM kaMthAjInI sahAyathI hamIdakhAne zujAtakhAnanA bhAI tathA suratanA mutsaddI rustamaalIne parAjaya Ape. AnA badalArUpe pilAja gAyakavADane dakSiNa gujarAtanA pradezamAMthI cotha ugharAvavAno haka maLe. Ama uttara tathA pazcima gujarAtamAM kaMthAjInuM ane dakSiNa gujarAtamAM pilAjInuM varcasa sthapAyuM. Ane pariNAme hamIdakhAna bhAre Arthika musIbata anubhavavA lAgyo tathA marAThAone cothanI rakama bharapAI karI zakyo nahi, jethI marAThAoe pharI amadAvAda luMTavAnI taiyArI karI, paraMtu amadAvAdanA nagarazeTha khuzAlacaMde pitAnI aMga 1 mUDImAMthI - marAThAone cothanI rakama bharapAI karIne zaherane pharI lUMTAtuM bacAvyuM (175), anyathA amadAvAdanI sthiti paNa kadAca surata jevI thAta. zeTha khuzAlacaMdanA A kAryanI kadararUpe amadAvAdanAM judAM judAM mahAjanoe zaheramAM AvatA jatA mAla para dara 100 rUpiye cAra AnA khuzAlacaMda zeTha ane tyArabAda emanA vArasadArone maLe evI goThavaNa karI. pilAjI tathA kaMthAe e samaye gujarAtamAM khUba samRddha gaNAtAM

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40 ] marAThA kAla [pra. zahera khaMbhAta ane vaDanagaramAMthI dasa lAkha uparAMtanI rakama cotha tarIke ekaThI karI. marAThAonI kAmacalAu pIchehaTha gujarAtamAM marAThAonA vadhatA jatA varcasathI dilhInI mughala sarakAra becena banI. eNe A paristhiti mATe hamIdakhAnane javAbadAra gaNIne ene (Aratarapha karyo tathA enA sthAne gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke sarabulaMdakhAnanI niyukti karI. hamIdakhAne sarabulaMdakhAnane sattA soMpavAno InkAra karyo ane pitAnuM sthAna jALavavA pharI marAThAonI sahAya mAgI, paraMtu marAThAonI lUMTaphATanI nItithI taMga AvI gayelA gujarAtanA tamAma mughala saradAra marAThAo sAme ekatra thayA; teoe hamIdakhAna tathA marAThAone parAjaya Ape. A parAjayane pariNAme marAThAone vaDedarA sudhI pAchA haThI javuM paDayuM. marAThAo sAme mughalone A aMtima vijaya hato; jo ke gujarAtamAM navA sUbedAra sarabulaMdakhAnane dilhIthI yogya sahAya nahi maLatAM, e gujarAtamAMnI marAThAonI AgekUcane khALI zakyo nahi. daramyAnamAM dakhaNanA marAThI rAjakAraNe palaTo lIdho, jenI asara gujarAtamAM paNa thaI. pezavAnuM gujarAtamAM Agamana ane pitAnA varcasanI sthApanA bIjo pezavA bAjIrAva 1le zaktizALI zAsaka hatA. marAThI saradAre enI sattAnI avagaNanA kare e bAbatane e calAvI levA taiyAra na hate. pilAjI tathA kaMthAi pezavAnI sarvopari sattA kabUlatA na hatA tathA enA hissAnI ethanI rakama pezavAne mokalatA na hatA. dAbhADe tathA gAyakavADa kuTuMbanA sabhya pitAne chatrapationA kuTuMbIjano mAnatA hatA tathA pezavAne teo chatrapatinuM sthAna pacAvI pADanAra gaNatA hatA, AthI teone marAThI rAjya paranI brAhmaNa pezavAnI) sarvoparitA pratye aNagamo hate. Ane laIne teo zivAnI sattAnI avagaNanA karatA hatA. bAjIrAva 1 lAe dAbhADe tathA gAyakavADane gujarAtanI cothanI AvakamAMthI yogya hisso puNe sarakArane mokalI rApavA tathA pitAnuM mArgadarzana svIkAravA jaNAvyuM, paraMtu zivAne emanA taraphathI yogya javAba na maLatAM pezavA bAjIrAva tathA ene bhAI cimanAjI gujarAtamAM jAte AvyA. sarabulaMdakhAne pezavA tathA dAbhADe vacce vikhavAda Ubho karAvIne gujarAtamAM mudhalAIne bacAvI levAnI A taka jhaDapI lIdhI. eNe 1730 mAM pezavA sAthe samajUtI karI ke amadAvAda tathA suratanA vistAra sivAyanA gujarAtanA pradezamAMthI pezavAne cotha ane saradezamukhI udharAvavAnA

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2 juM]. chatrapatio ane pezavAe pUvapaka 41 haka ApavA tathA amadAvAdanI mahesUlI Avakano 5 TakA hisso paNa pezavAne Apa. badalAmAM pezavAe gujarAtamAM mughala sattAne rakSavA 2,500 nuM azvadaLa rAkhavuM tathA anya marAThA saradArane gujarAtamAM pravezavA devA nahi, paraMtu dilhInI mughala sarakArane A saMdhi apamAnajanaka lAgatAM teoe e mAnya karI nahi ane sarabulaMdakhAnane sthAne eNe mAravADanA rAjA abhayasiMhanI gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke nimaNUka karI. daramyAnamAM dakhaNanA rAjakAraNamAM pharI palaTo Avyo. khaMDerAva dabhADenuM 1729 mAM avasAna thayuM eTale enA putra cuMbakarAva dAbhADene gujarAtanuM sukAnIpada prApta thayuM, AthI enI pAse pezavAe gujarAtanI cothamAMthI ardhA, hissAnI mAgaNI karI. ene paNa pitAnA pitAnI jema marAThA rAjya paranA brAhmaNa (pezavAI) Adhipatya sAme aNagamo hato, vaLI e gujarAtane pitAnuM ja kSetra mAnate tathA emAM pezavAnA hastakSepane svIkAravA taiyAra na hato eTale eNe pezavAnI uparyukta mAgaNIne inakAra karyo, eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu pezavAne gujarAtamAMthI hAMkI kADhavA marAThAonA dumana nijhAmanI sahAya lIdhI. nijhAme turata ja dAbhADene lazkarI sahAya mokalI. bAjIrAva pezavAne dAbhADenI AvI vighAtaka cAla asahya lAgI. eNe turata abhayasiMha sAthe samajUtI karI. e anusAra abhayasiMhe pezavAne 13 lAkha rUpiyA ApavAnuM svIkAryuM, jemAMthI cha lAkha rUpiyA tAtkAlika rokaDA ApavAnuM ane bAkInI rakama pezavAnuM lazkara gujarAta choDI de te pachI ApavAnuM TharAvyuM. badalAmAM pezavAe anya marAThA saradArone gujarAtamAM praveza aTakAvavAne svIkAra karyo. bhIlapuranI laDAI ane pezavAnI sarvoparitAne svIkAra yaMbakarAva dabhADene manAvI levAnA pezavAnA prayAsa niSphaLa nIvaDyA. AthI vaDodarA ane DabhoInI vacce AvelA bhIlapura gAma pAse eprila 1731 mAM pezavA ane dAbhADenAM lazkare vacce bhISaNa laDAI thaI. kaMthAjI, pilAjI, udejI paramAra vagere marAThA saradAra dAbhADenA pakSe laDayA, to paNa dAbhADenA lazkarane parAjaya thayo. yaMbakarAva dAbhADe ane pitAjIne putra yuddhamAM mAryA gayA ane dabhADe temaja gAyakavADa kuTuMbane pezavAnA Adhipatyano tathA gujarAtanI cUthamAM ene hisso ApavAno svIkAra karavo paDyo." pezavAe abhayasiMhane bAkInI rakama ApavA mATe dabANa karyuM. marAThAenAM be pratispadhI jUtha vaccenA matabhedo vyApaka banAvavAnA AzayathI

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42 ] marAThA kAla [ ma. abhayasiMhai . e rakama tAtkAlika mokalI ApavA dilhI sarakArane jaNAvyuM, paraMtu dilhInI sarakAre pezavA sAthenI abhayasiMganI sadhi amAnya karIte ene pezavAne gujarAtamAMthI hAMkI kADhavA jaNAvyu, je azakaya hAvAthI gujarAtamAMnI mudmala sattAno aMta najIka AvyA. pezavAe amadAvAda ane enI AsapAsanA pradezAmAM lUMTaphATa karIne peAtAnI rakama vasUla karI. marAThAonu' gujarAtamAM sapUNa vaMsa tryaMbakarAva dAbhADenA avasAna bAda enA putra yazavaMtarAva dAbhADene gujarAtanuM sukAnIpada ApavAmAM AvyuM, paraMtu e sagIra hAvAthI pilAjI gAyakavADane senAkhAsakhela( khAsa senAnI)nA khitAba sAthe vahIvaTakartA tarIke niyukta karavAmAM AvyA, tyArathI gujarAtanA rAjakAraNamAM gAyakavADa sakriya banyA ane dAbhADe niSkriya thayA, gujarAtamAM marAThI vasane niLa banAva vAnA hetuthI abhayasiMhuM DAkeAra pAse pilAjInI 1732mAM hatyA karAvI tathA vaDAdarAnA kbajo laI lIdhA. A banAvathI rASe bharAIne trya MbakarAva dAbhADenI vidhavA mAtA umAbAIe 30, 000nA lazkara sAthe amadAvAda para AkramaNa karyu.. kaMcAjI kadama, tathA pilAjInA putra damAjI gAyakavADa 2 jAe umAbAIte pUratI sahAya karI. abhayasiMhe kha'bhAtanA mutsaddI meAmInakhAna tathA pATaNathI tyAMnA sUbedAra javAMmarda khAnane emanAM lazkarA sAthe pAtAnI madde kheAlAvI lIdhA. eNe amadAvAdanA kATanA tamAma daravAjA baMdha karAvI dIdhA tathA marAhAone bhAre laDAI ApavAne nizcaya karyo. umAbAInA lazkare jamAlapura daravAjA pAse paDAva nAkhyA tathA vAravAra amadAvAdanA koTa para AkramaNa karyAM. vaLI eNe bahArathI kAI puravaTho aMdara na jAya enI takedArI rAkhI. Azare nava mahinAnA dherA bAda aMdaranA lazkaranA puravaTho khUTI gayA ane abhayasiMhane marAThAo sAthe suleha karavAnI pharaja paDI (1773). A anusAra yuddha-daMDa peTe abhayasiMhe marAThAone 80,000 rUpiyA cUkavI ApavA tathA amadAvAda sahita gujarAtanA tamAma pradeza para marAThAone cAtha udharAvavAnA haka mAnya rAkhavA paDayo. uparAMtamAM potAnA lazkaranA kharca vasUla karavA marAThAoe zAhaAlamanA rAjA pAsetu rasulAbAda nAme oLakhAtu amadAvAdAnuM samRddha paru lUMTatAM e verAna banyuM. vaDAdarAne marAThAoe pharI kabaje karyuM. ane damAjI gAyakavADe ene peAtAnuM vaDuM mathaka banAvyuM. vaDedarA 1734 mAM gAyakavADanI rAjadhAnI banyuM,11 je sthAna eNe hiMda saMdha sAthenA

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2 juM]. chatrapatio ane pezavAe pUvasaMparka [ ja vilInIkaraNa sudhI bhogavyuM. abhayasiMha gujarAtanI AvI paristhitithI. kaMTALIne pitAnA madadanIza ratanasiMha bhaMDArIne amadAvAdanI sUbAgIrI suparata karIne mAravADa jato rahyo. e arasAmAM damAjInA eka lazkarI adhikArI samazera-bahAdure DabhoI kabaje karIne tyAM eka lekha ketarAvyA, jemAM DabhoInI. samRddhinuM suMdara varNana che. gujarAtamAM marAThAone A sau prathama abhilekha kahI zakAya. 12 amadAvAdamAM marAThAone vahIvaTa umAbAIe damAjIne dakhaNamAM bolAvatAM ene madadanIza raMgejI gujarAtanA upasukAnI tarIke niyukta thaye eTale marAThI Adhipatya gujarAtamAM TakAvI rAkhavAnI javAbadArI ene zire AvI. eNe Azare 15 varSa sudhI suMdara rIte A kAmagIrI bajAvI. marAThAomAM kaMthAjI kadama pachI gujarAtamAM, e sauthI kAbela sukAnI hato. khaMbhAtane sUbedAra momInakhAna gujarAtano sUbedAra banavA mAgatA hatA. marAThAonI sahAya vagara A zakya na hatuM eTale eNe raMgojI sAthe samajUtI karI, je anusAra marAThA pitAne gujarAtano sUbedAra banAvavAmAM sahAya kare tenA badalAmAM memInakhAne adhura amadAvAda marAThAone suparata karavAnuM tathA gujarAta-saurASTranA tamAma pradezamAMthI cethI ugharAvavAno marAThAonA haka mAnya rAkhavAnuM svIkAryuM, tyArabAda momInakhAna ane marAThAonAM saMyukta lazkaroe amadAvAda para AkramaNa karyuM. ratanasiMha bhaMDArIe Azare dasa mAsa sudhI amadAvAdano bacAva karyo. tyArabAda satata AkramaNa sAme TakavuM azakya lAgatAM e nAsI chUTo ane amadAvAda, momInakhAna hastaka AvyuM. samajUtInI zarata anusAra mInakhAne dakSiNa amadAvAda marAThAone suparata karyuM (1737). eka be apavAdo sivAya Azare 16 varSa (1753) sudhI amadAvAdamAM mughala sUbedAra ane marAThA saradAranuM saMyukta zAsana cAlu rahyuM. 13 raMgejIe amadAvAdano vahIvaTa ekaMdare DahApaNapUrvaka karyo tathA saurASTra ane uttara gujarAtanA ghaNA kharA pradezamAMthI cotha ugharAvI marAThAonI dhAka besADI; jo ke 1743 mAM momInakhAnanA mRtyu bAda gujarAtanA sUbedArapada mATe mughala saradAro vacce thayela saMgharSamAM raMgejIno parAjaya thayo ane ene TUMka samaya mATe borasada nAsI javuM paDayuM, paraMtu tyAra pachI turata ja 1744 mAM pATaNanA sUbedAra javAMmardakhAnane eNe gujarAtanuM sUbedArapada meLavavAmAM sahAya karatAM, raMgejInuM sthAna pharI pUrvavata banyuM, je eNe 1748 mAM dakhkhaNa pAchA pharatAM sudhI bhagavyuM. Ama Azare

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marAThA kAla (pra. 44] 15 varSa sudhI gujarAtanA rAjakAraNamAM sakriya bhAga bhajavIne raMgejIe guja. rAtamAM daDha rIte marAThAonuM varcasa sthApyuM. gAyakavADa ane pezavA vacce gujarAtanI AvakanI vaheMcaNI 1748mAM zAhUnuM avasAna thatAM dakhaNanA marAThA rAjakAraNamAM pharI eka palaTo Avyo. tArAbAI zivAne gAdI parathI khaseDIne pitAnA pautra rAmarAjAne gAdInazIna karavA mAgatI hatI. A mATe teNIe damAjI gAyakavADanI sahAya mAgI. pitAnA pUrvajonI mAphaka damAjIne paNa bharAThA rAjya paranuM brAhmaNa (pezavAI) Adhipatya catuM hatuM eTale e tArAbAIne sahAya karavA 15,000nA lazkara sAthe satArA pahoMcyo. baMnenAM saMyukta lazkaroe pezavA bAlAjI vizvanAtha para AkramaNa karyuM, paraMtu emane parAjaya thayo. pezavAe damAjIne gujarAtanI Avakano ardho bhAga potAne ApavA bhAre dabANa karyuM, paraMtu damAjIe ene InkAra karatAM pezavAe damAjI ane enA bhAIne leNavAlA pAsenA lehagaDhanA killAmAM najarakeda rAkhyA. dasa mahinAnI keda bAda pezavA bAlAjInI zarate svIkArIne mAchae chuTakAro meLavyo. baMne vacce thayelI samajUtI anusAra surata mahAlanA tApI nadInI pUrva ane pazcima bAjanAM 28 paragaNAM, narmadA ane mahI vaccenAM paragaNAM tathA mahI nadInA uttaranA pradeza-peTalAda naDiyAda dhoLakA vageremAMthI cotha ugharAvavAne gAyakavADane heka cAlu rahyo. A badhAnI cothanI vArSika Avaka Azare rU. 24,72,000 thatI hatI, jyAre surata mahAlanA tApI nadInI uttara ane dakSiNa bAjunAM 28 paragaNAM, bharUca DabhoI Amada jabusara vagerenA pradeza tathA mahI nadInI uttara bAjunA godharA dhaMdhukA tathA vIramagAma sudhInA pradezamAMthI cutha ugharAvavAno pizavAno haka mAnya karavAmAM Avyo. A badhAnI cothanI vArSika Avaka Azare rU. 24,68,000 thatI hatI. 14 vaLI haju sudhI marAThAonI asara nIce nahi AvelA gujarAtanA pradezo tathA saurASTranA seraTha hAlAra gohilavADa tathA jhAlAvADanA mahAle para prativarSa malakagIrI-caDAI mokalavAnuM nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM. mulakagIrI-caDAI mATenA pradeza nizcita karavAmAM AvyA tathA e mATe gAyakavADa ane pezavAnAM kSetra paNa nakakI karavAmAM AvyAM. marAThAoe lIdhela amadAvAdane kabajo tathA mulakagIrI-caDAI e zivA ane gAyakavADa vacce thayelI samajUtIne pariNAme gujarAtamAMthI

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2 ju ] chatrapati ane pezavAe...pUrvasaMparka [45. mughala sattAnA aMtanI prakriyA jhaDapI banI. nizcita karyA mujaba damAjI gAyakavADa tathA pezavAnA bhAI raghunAtharAva(rAbA)nAM saMyukta lakaroe amadAvAda para AkramaNa karyuM. teoe 45 divasanA gherA bAda eprila 1753 mAM amadAvAda kabaje karyuM. javAMmarda khAne bhadrano kille khAlI karyo. ene pATaNanI sUbAgIrI bhogavavAnI chUTa ApavAmAM AvI. rAbAe viThThala zivadevane amane dAvAda zaheranA vahIvaTakartA tarIke niyukta karyo tathA thayelI samajUtI pramANe rAbA ane damAjIe saurASTranA judA judA mahAle para mulakagIrI-caDAIo karIne puSkaLa rakama ekaThI karI tathA A pradezamAM marAThAonuM varcasa sthApyuM. Ama 1754 sudhImAM jUnAgaDha vADAsinora rAdhanapura pATaNa khaMbhAta bharUca tathA surata bAda karatAM gujarAtanA bAkInA meTA bhAganA pradeza para marAThAonuM Adhipatya sthapAyuM.15 amadAvAda khayuM ane pAchuM meLavyuM amadAvAda tAbe karyA bAda khaMbhAtanA sUbedAra momInakhAnane paNa marAThAoe khaMDaNI ane cothanI rakama ApavA pharaja pADI hatI AthI momInakhAna nArAja thayo hato ane e amadAvAda kabaje karavAnI yogya taka zodhato. hato. damAjI ane rAbA mulakagIrI-caDAIo para gayA ene lAbha laIne momInakhAne amadAvAda tAbe karavAnI yojanA ghaDI. amadAvAdanA mukhya lakarI. adhikArIo brAhmaNa zaMbhurAma tathA rohilA saradAra muhammada lAlane moTI. lAMca ApIne momInakhAne phoDyA. amadAvAdanI keLI TukaDInA mukhya netA harine paNa sArI evI rakamanI lAMca ApIne mAmInakhAne potAnA pakSe lIdho. tyArabAda amadAvAdanA e samayanA marAThA vahIvaTakartA raghunI sapTembara 1756 mAM muhammada lAle hatyA karI. A saMjogomAM pezavAnA pratinidhi sadAziva dAmodara tathA gAyakavADanA pratinidhi sevakarAmano amadAvAdane bacAvavAno prayAsa saphaLa thaI zakyo nahi ane momInakhAne eNkaTobara 1756 mAM ene kabaje lIdho. A banAva darzAve che ke marAThAo gujarAtamAM vistarI zakyA hatA, paraMtu pitAnI sattA daDha karI zakyA na hatA. uparyukta hakIkatanI pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane jANa thatAM e gusse bharAyo ane pitAnA senApati sadAziva rAmacaMdrane moTA lazakara sAthe guja rAtamAM mokalyo tathA eNe damAjIne enI sAthe joDAvA Adeza Apyo. damAjI paNa topo ane lakara sAthe sadAzivanI sahAye Abhe. momInakhAne amadAvAdanA bacAva mATe bhAre taiyArIo karI hatI. eNe eka varSa cAle teTale

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46 ] sarADA kAla [ x. puravaThA zaheramAM bharI rAkhyA hatA tathA kATa ane daravAjA para majabUta cAkIpaherA mUkayo hatA. e noMdhapAtra che ke pATaNanA sUbedAra javAMmakhAne marAThAene madada karI chatAM mAmInakhAne marAThAonA AkramaNa sAme Azare eka va sudhI amadAvAne TakAvI rAkhyuM, paraMtu tyArabAda zaheranA puravaTho khUTI paDatAM ene marAThAone tAbe thavAnI pharaja paDI (phebruArI, 1758 ). Ama amadAvAda 1758 mAM marAThAo hastaka AvyuM, je cheka hiMdamAMnI marAThI sattAnA aMta (1818 ) paryaMta pezavAnA pratinidhi hastaka rahyuM. pAdaTIpa 1 G. S. Sardesai, New History of the Marathas, Vol. I, pp. 145-147 2 S. N. Sen, Military System of the Marathas, Introdution p. 10 3 Gazetteer of the Baroda State, Vol. I, p. 433 4 Ibid., p. 436 5 Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I, pp. 388 f. - Ibid., Vol. III, p. 252 7 rR. meA. jhaverI (anu.) mirAte ahamadI, vo. 2, khaMDa 1, pR. 78-79 8 M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. II, pp. 422 f. ( The text of the original document dated October, 1725 is given in the Book.) e Gense and Banaji, Gaikwads of Baroda, pp. 4 f. and p. 374 10 Historical Selections from Baroda Records -I, Nos. 12 & 13 11 ku. me|. jhaverI, upayudegkta, vA. 2, kha. 1, pR. 192-95 206; A. K. Forbes, Rasmala; Vol. II p. 11 12 Hiranand Sastri, The Pp. 18-21 13 ku. meA. jhaverI, upayudkta, vA. ra, khaM. ra, pR. 290 14 Bombay Gazetteer, Vol, II, pp. 180 f. Ruins of Dabhoi in Baroda State, 15 Aitchison's Treaties, Vol. VI, Appindix I 16 krU, meA. jhaverI, upayukta, vA. 2, khaM. 3, pR. 494-15

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pariziSTa gAyakavADanuM rAjya ( sthApanA ane Ara'bhika itihAsa ) gujarAtamAM vaDAdarAnA gAyakavADa rAjyanA udbhavanI zarUAta 18 mI sadInA pUrvI mAM thayAnuM kahI zakAya. e samayamAM mughala sattA ane adhikAra satra zithila banatAM gayAM. gujarAta mula sAmrAjyanA eka sUkSmA(prAMta) tarIke hatuM. gujarAtano vahIvaTa dilhIthI nimAtA subedAra dvArA cAlatA. gujarAtamAM paNa vahIvaTa kathaLI gayA hatA. mughala subedAra mahAbatakhAnanAM samaya (1662-68)mAM zivAjIe prathama vAra marAThI pheAjate gujarAtamAM lAvI, lUMTa meLavavAnA hetuthI surata para savArI karI (1664), gujarAtamAM marAThAonA Agamana mATenA mA` khullo karI ApyA. marAThAoe gujarAta ane dakhkhaNu vaccenI sarahado tathA anya mArgo para pAtAnA kaDaka aMkuza sthApyA ema chatAM 1699 sudhI temane gujarAta sAthene sa MbaMdha vyavasthi dheAraNe sthapAyA na hateA. gujarAtamAM mughala sattAnA pAyA DagI gayA hatA, marAThAonA Agamana ane temanI sattA sthApavAnA mATe anukULa sthiti gujarAtamAM pravatatI hatI satArAnA chatrapati mahArAjA rAjArAme potAnA vizvAsu adhikArIe mAMnA eka khaMDerAva dAbhArDane 1699 mAM bhAgalANAmAM ceAtha ane saradezamukhI udharAvavAneA adhikAra ApyA, dAbhADee bAgalANu uparAMta surata jillAmAM pravezI savArI karI tyAMthI paNa A kara udharAvyA. 1706 thI 1716 sudhInA gALAmAM dAbhADee pAtAnI TukaDIone gujarAtanI parisImA para bhurahAnapuranA mArge satata pharatI rAkhI. eNe ghaNI savArIomAM AgevAnI lIdhI ane e cheka amadAvAda sudhI gaye| ane kahevAmAM Ave che te mujaba eNe saurASTra( kAThiyAvADa )mAM sAraTha sudhI jaIne lUMTa meLavI. hatI. senApati dAbhADenAra kAThiyAvADa praveza samaye eneA nAyaba damAjI gAyakavADa paNa sAthe hatA. mAjInA putra pilAjI ane kathAjI kamakhAMDee ziheAranA gAhilA sAme 1722 mAM AkramaNu karyu hatuM.

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marAThA kAla [ 36 bAlApuranI laDAImAM (1720) dilhInA saradAra AlamaalIkhAna mAryAM gayA, paNa marAThA lazkare potAnI laDAyaka zaktineA paraco dekhADI ApyA hatA. temAM paNa damAjI gAyakavADanuM parAkrama ane vIratA praza MsanIya rahyAM. senApati dAbhADee rAjA zAhu pAse damAjInI zaktinAM vakhANa karI sArI jagyA mATe enI bhalAmaNu karatAM rAjA zAhue khuza thaIne damAjIne ' samazera bahAdura 'ne khitAba ApyA ane senApati dAbhADethI bIjI kakSAnuM sthAna ApyuM. bAlApuranI laDAI jevI rIte marAThA itihAsamAM parivartanakArI gaNavAmAM Ave che tevI rIte gAyakavADa kuTuMbanA ullekhane Ara Mbha prathama vAraja thatA hovAthI tenu mahattva gAyakavADa vaMzanA itihAsamAM ghaNu che. 48 ] pilAjIrAva (1721-1732) bAlApuranI laDAI pachI damAjI gAyakavAkavADanuM avasAna thayu (1720). damAjI pachI ene dattaka putra ane bhatrIjo pilAjI enA sthAne AvyA. gAyakavADa kuTuMbanA mULa puruSa na dAjIrAva hatA. kuTuMbanuM mULa gAma bhAre (havelI tAlukA, pUNe jillA) hatuM. kuTuMbane mukhya vyavasAya khetI hatA. vakhata jatAM 1728 mAM pilAjInA samayamAM gAyakavADe| dAvaDInA vaMzapara parAgata ' pATila ' banyA.4 gAyakavADa aTaka kevI rIte paDI te saMbaMdhamAM eka anuzruti che.' na dAjIrAva je pilAinA pra-patiAmaha hatA, te mAvaLa pradezamAM bhAra killAnA eka adhikArI hatA. eka divasa killAnA daravAjA pAsethI eka musalamAna khATakI gAyAnu TALu laIne pasAra thatA hatA. naMdAjInA manamAM A dRzya joI dayAvRtti ane dhama bhAvanA jAgI UThatAM, gAyAne killAnA khAjumAM AvelA nAnA daravAjAmAM dAkhala karI dIdhI ane temanuM rakSaNa karyuM . AthI naMdAjI gAyakavADa (marAThImAM jyA==daravAjo) aTaka apanAvI. nadAjIne putra kerAjI ane kerAjIne damAjI tathA khIjA traNa putra hatA, damAjIne khetInA dhaMdhA pasaMda na hovAthI e khaMDerAva dAbhADe pAse jaI enI phAjamAM dAkhala thaI gayA. damAjI aputra hAvAthI eNe potAnA bhatrIjA pilAjIne dattaka lIdhA hatA. damAjI pachI pilAjI tene anugAmI banyA. senApati dAbhADee pillAjIne zarUAtamAM khAnadezamAM navApura khAte peAtAnA pratinidhi tarIke pacAsa savArInI TukaDInA nAyaka tarIke nImyA. navApura pAtAnA adhikAra heThaLa Ave che evI rajuAta kaMcAjI kadama khAMDee rAjA zAhu samakSa karatAM pilAjate tyAMthI khasI javuM paDayuM. e pachI

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bhraSTa ] gAyakavADanuM rAjya [ ve e pachI pilALa senApatinA taLegAMvanA lazkaramAM rahyo ane peAtAnI AvaData hAMziyArIthI kramazaH AgaLa vadhyA. e eka pAgA( meTI savAra-TukaDI)neA saradAra banyA. khAnadeza ane surata vaccetA sIdhA vyavahAra zarU karI zakAya e hetuthI eNe sAnagaDhanI bAjumAM DuMgarALa pradezamAM peAtAnu mathaka sthApyuM te dAbhADenA pratinidhi tarIke rahyo. eNe rAjapIpaLA( bharUca jillo )nA rAjAnI mitratA sAdhI, nAMdoda ane sAgabArA vacce nAnA nAnA gaDha sthApavA paravAnagI meLavI. potAnI paDeAzamAM rahetA bhIla ane kALI lokonA pakSa laI kAma karyu . suratamAM mughalanI sattA nabaLI paDelI hAvAthI eneA lAbha laI dara varSe enA para hallA karI lUMTa meLavavAnu cAlu rAkhyuM. e pachI sthAnika bhIlo pAsethI jaMgala vistAramAM AvelA durgama sthAnavALA sAnagaDhanA killo meLavyA (1919) ane tyAM peAtAnu vaDuM mathaka sthApyuM. sAnagaDha gAyakavADanI rAjadhAnI tarIke 1766 sudhI rahyuM. e pachI damAjIrAva 2jA nA samayamAM rAjadhAnI aNahIlapATaNamAM khaseDavAmAM AvI. pilAjIe dhIme dhIme potAnI svataMtra sattAnI sthApanA karavAnA Arabha karyo hatA. 1719 thI 1723 sudhInI pilAjInI pravRttionI cokkasa mAhitIne abhAva che. e enA pitA damAjI sAthe rahetA te ghaNI laDAIomAM tathA savArIomAM bhAga letA. pilAjIe sAnagaDha rahI surata aThThAvIsImAMthI khaMDaNI udharAvavAnuM cAlu rAkhyu. e ja samaye gujarAtamAM anyatra ane mALavAmAM udAjI pavAra ane kathAjI kadama mAMDe hallA karI peAtAnI nAmanA tema trAsa phelAvI rahyA hatA.7 gujarAtamAM 1724-25 nuM varSa AMtaravigrahAthI bharapUra hatuM. marAThA saradArAne bhAgyeja gaMbhIratApUrvaka sAmaneA karavAmAM AvatA. muslima umarAvA ane adhikArIe ekabIjA sAme khaTapaTa karavAmAM ane laDavAmAM pravRtta rahetA. nijhAma have dilhIthI svata Mtra banI gayA hatA. tenI jAgIra tarIke gujarAtamAM dhALakA bharUca jaMbusara makhamulAbAda ane valasADa hatAM. nijhAmanI IcchA khAkInA gujarAta pradeza para pAtAnuM varcasa jamAvavAnI hatI. eNe peAtAnA pratinidhi( nAyam ) tarIke hamIdakhAnane ( 1723-24) gujarAtamAM rAkhyA hatA. hamIdakhAne nijhAma vatI kraMcAjI kadama mAMDe ane pilAjI sAthe 47-4

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50 ] marAThA kahe [pari madada karavA vATAghATa karI ane madadanA badalAmAM gujarAtanI cotha ApavA kabUlAta ApI. marAThAonI madada laI eNe amadAvAda najIka mughala lazkarane harAvyuM( 1724), jemAM mughala senApati zujAtakhAna mAryo gayo. e vakhate surata zaheranA sUbA tarIke zujAtakhAnano bhAI rustamaalI khAna hato. surata najIka enI ane pilAjInI vacce saMgharSa thayelo, paraMtu pilAjIne saphaLatA maLI na hatI. pilAjI pitAnuM sthAna daDha karavA prayatnazIla rahe ne prayAsa cAlu rAkhate. pilAja karanALI (vaDedarA jillo) jatAM tyAM enI sAthe vaDodarA jillAnA pAdarA chANI ane bhAyalI gAmanA desAI (paTelo) joDAyA. e desAIo mughala sattAvALAnA virodhI banyA hatA. emaNe pilAjIne e vistAranI sthaLasthitithI mAhitagAra karI salAhasUcana ApyAM ne mahI nadI sudhI javA madada karI. teo pilAjInA pakSe rahyA. pitAnA bhAI zujAtakhAna mAryA gayAnA samAcAra jANI, rustamaalIkhAne pilAjI sAme vera levAnuM mAMDI vADhyuM ne eno sAtha levAnuM nakkI karyuM. eNe pilAjI pAse hamIdakhAna ane kathA kadama bAMDe sAme madada karavA mAgaNI karI ne najarANuM tarIke eka lAkha rUpiyA ApyA. e pachI baMnee sAthe rahIne kuca karI. bIjI bAju hamIdakhAna ane kaMthAjI hatA. baMne pakSo vacce aDAsa khAte laDAI thaI (1725). laDAI agAu pilAjI ane hamIdakhAna vacce gupta samajUtI thaI hatI, jemAM pilAjIe sakriya na rahevAnuM kabUlyuM hatuM. laDAI daramyAna kaMyAjI ane pilAjIe laDavA karatAM pitApitAnA pakSakAronI chAvaNImAM lUMTaphATa karavAnI pravRtti calAvI. laDAImAM rustamaalIkhAnano mahAmuzkelIe vijaya thayo. hamIdakhAnane nAsavuM paDayuM. hatAza banelA rustamaalIkhAne vase khAtenI bIjI laDAImAM AtmahatyA karI lIdhI (1725). A pachI kuMbhAjI ane pilAjI vacce khaMDaNI levAnA hakaka bAbatamAM khaMbhAta khAte vivAda thatAM jhagaDo thayo. hamIdakhAne chevaTe pitAnA baMne Teke. dArAmAM jhagaDo vadhu na cAle te mATe daramyAnagIrI karI samAdhAna karAvyuM. e anusAra kaMthAjIne mahI nadInI uttare ane pilAjIrAvane mahI nadInI dakSiNanAM paragaNuomAMthI ceya ugharAvavAnI sattA prApta thaI.deg pilAjIrAvane apAyelAM paragaNuomAM vaDodarA cAMpAnera bharUca surata ane nAMdedane samAveza cata ka. 1725nA varSanI Akhare kaMyAjI khAnadeza ja rahyo. pilAjI senagaDha jato rahyo.

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[ 51 zie ] gAyakavADanuM rAjya gujarAtamAM marAThAonuM vadhatuM jatuM varcasa joI dilhInI sarakAra rokI UDI. hamIdakhAne marAThA saradArone ApelA paravAnA nAmaMjUra rAkhyAnuM jAhera karyuM. hamIdakhAnane gujarAtamAMthI hAMkI kADhavA sarabulaMdakhAnane tAkIda karI ne enI madadamAM jodhapurano mahArAjA abhayasiMha tathA bAbI saradAro rahe evI vyavasthA karavAmAM AvI. bIjA pakSe hamIdakhAna, pilAjI ane kaMthAjI hatA. baMne pakSo vacce sojitrA ane kapaDavaMja khAte laDAIo thaI emAM marAThAonI hAra thatAM teo pIchehaTha karI mahI nadI oLaMgI cheTA udepuranA DuMgarALa vistAramAM salAmata sthaLe cAlyA gayA. e pachI teoe rAbetA mujabanI khaMDaNI ugharAvavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM. pezavA bAjIrAve gujarAtamAM senApati dAbhADenI sattA nAbUda karavA potAnA pratinidhi tarIke udAjI pavArane gujarAtamAM mokalyo (1726 ). pilAjInI pravRttithI herAna thayelA DabhoInA phajadAre udAjIne AvakAra ane Azraya ApyAM. eka nAnI athaDAmaNamAM e phojadAra mAryo jatAM udAjIe DabhaI para kabajo jamAvyo. udAjInI pravRttithI roSe bharAyelA pilAjI ane kaMthAjIe DabhoIne ghere ghA. AthI udAjIne DabhoI parano kabajo cheDI devAnI pharaja paDI. e pachI pilAjIe DabhoI uparAMta vaDodarA paNa kabaje karyuM. e samaye vaDodarAnA zAsaka tarIke pATaNanA navAbanI begama lADabIbI hatI. eNe vaDedarAne pitAnI rAjadhAnI banAvI hatI. lADabIbI rAjakAryamAM kuzaLa hatI, paraMtu e durAcaraNavALI hatI. enA kArabhArI surezvara desAI je niHspRha ane kartavyaniSTha hato, teNe chevaTe pilAjIne vaDodarA kabaje levA nimaMtraNa ApuM. ethI pilAjIe vaDodarA kabaje karyuM. A arasAmAM chatrapati zAhue eka AjJApatra( me 3, 1728 )thI pilAjIne dAvaDI gAma ApyuM.13 udAjIne pilAjI sAme saphaLatA na maLatAM pezavAe gujarAtamAM pitAnA hakka sthApita karavA potAnA bhAI cimanAjI ApAne mokalyo. cimanAjI dhoLakA, sudhI gayo, paraMtu saphaLatA na maLI. bIjI vakhata cimanAjIne 1729 nI AkharamAM meka. e pAvAgaDha khaMbhAta ane dhoLakA sudhI gayo (mArca, 1730).14 Ama karAvavA pAchaLa pezavAne hetu mughala sUbedAra cotha aMge be varSa agAu karela kabUlAtanAmuM pharI tAjuM karI Ape ane gujarAtanuM mahesUla ene athavA enA pratinidhine Ape evI sthiti sarjavAne hato." sarabulaMdakhAnane dilhIthI madada maLavAnI AzA na rahetAM dAbhADenA jorajulameno sAmane

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para marAThA kAla [ parikaravA eNe chevaTe pezavA sAthe sattAvAra karAra karyo (mArca 23, 1730). pezavAe madada ApavAnA badalAmAM gujarAtanA amuka bhAga paranA cetha ane saradezamukhInA hakka mAgyA, je ApavAmAM AvyA. pezavA ane sarabulaMdakhAna vaccenI samajutInA pratyAghAta be rIte paDayA: dilhInI mughala sarakAre pezavA sAthe thayelA karArane inkAra karyo ne sarabulaMdakhAnanI jagyAe jodhapuranA rAThoDa mahArAjA abhayasiMhane meka. asaMtuSTa banelA pilAjI gAyakavADa, kaMthAjI kadama bAMDe, udAjI pavAra, kAnhajI bhoMsale vagerene senApati dAbhADee pezavA viruddha morace gaThavI pitAnA pakSe ekatra karyo. 17 rAja zAhune dAbhADenI AvI pravRttinI jANa thatAM marAThAo vaccenuM gharSaNa nivAravA prayAsa karyo, paNa e saphaLa na nIvaDyA.8 dAbhADee racelA saMgaThananAM ekamonAM lazkara ekatra thAya e pahelAM ja e meTI pheja sAthe gujarAtamAM Avyo ne sUbedAra abhayasiMha sAthe samajUtI karI (phebruArI, 1731). pezavAnI IcchA pilAjI pAsethI vaDodarA levAnI paNa hatI, AthI eNe vaDodarA para ghero ghAlyo. A ja arasAmAM dakhaNamAM nijhAme muzkelIo UbhI karatAM ghere uThAvI laI e DabhoI tarapha javA nIkaLyA, paraMtu rastAmAM ja bhIlApura(ji. vaDedarA) gAma pAse dAbhADenAM saMyukta lazkarano sAmane, karavo paDayo. baMne pakSo vacce bhAre laDAI thaI (eprila 1,1731). bhIlApuranI A laDAImAM pezavAnI bhAre jIta thaI. yaMbakarAva dabhADe ane pilAina meTo putra sayAjIrAva paNa emAM mAryA gayA. 19 ghAyala thayela pilAjI pitAnA bIjA be putra damAjIrAva ane khaMDerAva sAthe mahAmuzkelIe raNamedAna choDI sonagaDha pahoMcI gayo.20 udAjI pavAra vagerene kedI banAvAyA. dAbhADenuM lazkara veravikhera thaI gayuM. laDAIthI khaLabhaLelA vAtAvaraNane zAMta pADavA pezavAe samajutIsamAdhAnathI kAma lIdhuM. cuMbakarAva dabhADenI jagyAe enA sagIra vayanA putra yazavaMtarAvane senApati pade nImavAmAM Avyo ne yazavaMtarAvanA mutAlika eTale nAyaba tarIke pilAja gAyakavADane nimavAmAM AvyuM. vadhumAM pilAjIne senA khAsakhela ane khitAba Apyo. bhIlApuranI laDAI pachI pilAjI zaktizALI banyo. eNe abhayasiMha sAme pitAnI lazkarI pravRtti kendrita karIne nedhapAtra saphaLatA meLavI. pariNAma e AvyuM ke AvA prabaLa zatrune dUra karavA abhayasiMhe kAvataruM enyuM.

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zie] gAyakavADanuM rAjya [ para vATAghATe karavAnA bahAne eNe pitAnA pratinidhione DAkora mokalyA. e vakhate pilAjI pitAnI khaMDaNI vasUla levA lazkara sAthe Avyo hato. pilAjI ane pratinidhio vacce ghaNuM beThaka yojAI. eka divase moDI sAMje beThaka pUrI thatAM khaMDa bahAra nIkaLelA pratinidhiomAMnA eka khaMDamAM pote kaMIka bhUlI gayo che evuM bahAnuM kADhI e pAcho aMdara gaye ane pilAjInA kAnamAM vAta karavAno abhinaya karatAM karatAM ene khaMjara bhoMkI dIdhuM (eprila 14, 1732).13 hatyArAne tarata ja mArI nAkhavAmAM AvyuM. jIvaleNa ghA vAgelA pilAjIne pAlakhImAM nAkhI sAvalI (vaDodarA jille) lAvavAmAM AvyuM, jyAM enuM avasAna thayuM. tyAM enuM smAraka (chatrI) racavAmAM AvyuM. pilAjInuM lazkara eciMtA AvA banAvathI vaDodarA choDI daI DabhoI pahoMcyuM. abhayasiMhe vaDedarA para kabajo jamAvyo ane zerakhAna bAbIne tyAM sUbo namyo. abhayasiMhe DabhoIne ghere ghAle, paNa kudaratI muzkelIo naDatAM bhAre nukasAna veThI, ghere uThAvI ene amadAvAda pAchA pharavuM paDyuM. damAjIrAva 2 ja (173ra-68) pilAjI pachI ene putra damAjIrAva (2 ) eno anugAmI banyo. e enA pitA karatAM vadhu zaktizALI puravAra thayo. 173 3mAM eNe umAbAI ane kaMthAjI kadama bAMDe sAthe rahIne amadAvAda para kUca karI ne abhayasiMhane gabharATamAM nAkhI, lAcAra banAvI, Akhare zAMtisuleha karavA pharaja pADI.24 damAjIrAva vaDodarA pAchuM meLavavA khUba utsuka hato. vaDodarAne sUbo zerakhAna bAbI pitAnI jAgIra bAlAzinoramAM hato tyAre enI gerahAjarIne lAbha laI pAdarAnA desAIe bhIle tathA keLIone uzkerI bhAre ajapa jagADavo ne mughala adhikArIone gabharATamAM nAkhyA. A arasAmAM dAmAjIrAvanA bhAI mAlajI mahAdajI)e vaDedarA para AkramaNa karyuM. zerakhAna enI sAme thavA mahIkAMThe Avyo, paNa laDAImAM hArI gayo. abhayasiMhanA nAyaba ratanasiMhane vaDodarAnA bacAva mATe mokalavAmAM Avyo, paraMtu e tyAM pahoMcavAmAM moDo paDayo. vaDodarAmAM rahelI mughala TukaDIo marAThAonI vadhatI jatI bhIsa sAme jhAjho tamaya TakI na zakI ne nIMchane nagara tathA killAne kabaje soMpavAnI ene pharaja paDI (1736).25 e pachI vaDodarA cheka 1949 sudhI gAyakavADonA tAbAmAM rahyuM. vaDodarAnA madhyamA muvA tAvamAM bAvavAmAM Avela bhavya mAMDavI daravAjAne mAjIrAvanA hukamathI punaruddhAra karAvavAmAM Avyo ne tyAM saMskRtamAM lekha mUkavAmAM AvyA. 26

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pa4] marAThA kAla dAbhADenI vidhavA umAbAIe pilAjIrAva pachI damAjIrAvane pitAnA pratinidhi tarIke svIkAryo hato. umAbAIne damAjIrAvanI madadanI jarUra dakhaNamAM hovAthI ene tyAM AvavA kahevAmAM AvyuM. AthI dAmAjIrAvane gujarAtamAM pitAne nAyaba tarIke raMgAjIne nImavAnuM jarUrI lAgyuM. raMgejI 1735 mAM gujarAtamAM AvyuM ane 1749 sudhI eNe neMdhapAtra bhAga bhajavyo. raMgajIe dabhAjIrAva vatI meminakhAna pAsethI mahI nadInA uttara bhAganA pradezanA mahesUla para cotha ugharAvavAne hakka meLavI lIdho. | gujarAtanA mughala sUbedAra abhayasiMhanA nAyaba ratanasiMha bhaMDArI pAsethI amadAvAdane havAle levA sahAya karavAnA badalAmAM mominakhAne gAyakavADane gujarAtanuM aDadhuM mahesUla ApavAnuM kabUla rAkhyuM. emAM amadAvAda zahera, havelI paragaNuM tathA khaMbhAtanuM baMdara (je pitAnuM mathaka hatuM te) mominakhAne bAkAta rAkhyAM. baMnee bhegA maLI amadAvAdane ghere ghAlyo, je nava mahinA (oNgasTa 1736 thI me 1737) sudhI cAlyo. daramyAna dAmAjIrAve paNa meTI phoja sAthe amadAvAda najIka AvI pahoMcyo. ratanasiMhe dAmAjIrAvane pitAnA pakSe AvavA meminakhAna karatAM paNa vadhu udAra ane pralezanakArI darakhAsta karI ane amadAvAda, havelI paragaNuM ane khaMbhAta, je menikhAne bAkAta rAkhelAM te sahita samagra prAMtanuM aDadhuM mahesUla ApavAnI taiyArI batAvI. dAmAjIrAve A darakhAsta meminakhAnane mokalAvI ApIne je te nirNaya karavA jaNAvyuM. mominakhAna mAjIrAvanI mitratA ane madada javA devA taiyAra na hatuM, AthI eNe ratanasiMhe mUkelI badhI ja zaratone svIkAra karyo, paNa viramagAma paranA aDadhA aMkuza ane khaMbhAtanI aDadhI mahesUlI Avaka pitA pAse rAkhavA devA vinaMtIpUrvaka mAgaNI karI. chevaTe dAmAjIrAve e mAnya rAkhyuM. dAmAjIrAva ane meminakhAne amadAvAdano ghere kaDaka banAvyo. be mahinA bAda cAlu gherAnI sthitimAM dayAjIrAva saurASTramAM vArSika mulakagIrI savArI mATe ga.27 amadAvAdane ghere kaDaka hatA. vadhu samaya mATe TakI rahevAnuM muzkela lAgatAM chevaTe ratanasiMha bhaMDArIe zaraNAgati mATenI vATAghATa zarU karI (me 18, 1737). aMte eka lAkha rUpiyA laI e pitAnA sarasAmAna temaja lazkara sAthe amadAvAda cheDI gayo. meminakhAna ane raMgojI vacce thayelI samajUtI anusAra amadAvAdanuM mahesUla, zaherane dakSiNa taraphano aDadho bhAga tathA

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zae ] gAyakavADanuM rAjya [pa cha daravAjA (rAyakhaDa, nadI parane khAnajahAna, jamAlapura, dakSiNa taraphane baMdha daravAje, AstaDiyA ane pUrvamAM rAyapura) dAmAjIne bhAge AvyA. ratanasiMhanI vidAya bAda amadAvAda zaherano vahIvaTa mughalo ane marAThAonA dizAsanathI cAle (173-53). meminakhAna gujarAtane sattAvAra sUbedAra banyuM ne eNe pitAnA mRtyu sudhI (1743) kuzaLatApUrvaka vahIvaTa calAvyuM. eNe dAjIrAva sAthe thayelI samajUtInuM pAlana vaphAdArIpUrvaka cheka chevaTa sudhI karyuM. dabhAjIrAvanI tAkAta A samaya daramyAna gujarAta ane saurASTramAM vadhatI gaI. berasada jItI levAmAM AvyuM. 1741 mAM bharUcano kille temaja nagara, je nijhAmanI jAgIra tarIke hatAM tene kabaje levA eNe ghero ghAlyo, paraMtu nijhAma taraphathI saMdeze AvatAM vATAghATa zarU thaI ne samAdhAna thayuM. damAjIrAvane bharUcanI mahesUlI ane jakAtI Avakano 2 bhAga tathA jaMbusara, dehaja ane kerala paragaNuMonuM aDadhuM mahesUla ApavAmAM AvyuM. pAchaLathI sudhAre thatAM 3 jeTaluM mahesUla ApavAmAM AvyuM. 1752 mAM pezavA ane dabhAjIrAva vacce mahesUla aMge je vaheMcaNI thaI temAM bharUca ane enuM paragaNuM gAyakavADanA bhAge rahyuM, jyAre jaMbusara ane dehajabArI vagere pezavAne ApavAmAM AvyAM. mominakhAnanA avasAna (1743) pachI dilhInI mughala sarakAre meminakhAnanA bhANeja phIdAuddInane sUbedAra nImyo ne enA putra muphatakhIrakhAna ane zerakhAna bAbIne enI madadamAM rAkhyA. dAmAjIrAvanA madadanIza raMgojIe amadAvAdanA sthAnika rAjakAraNamAM vadhu paDato bhAga lIdho tethI phIdAuddIna ane muphatakhIrakhAne ene sapaDAbe ne keda karyo tethI teone borasada ane viramagAma ApavAnuM raMgejIne kabUla rAkhavuM paDayuM. phidAuddIne marAThA tAbAnA badhA bhAgo para kabajo meLavI pitAnI sattA sthApI.28 paraMtu raMgejI phIdAuddInanI kedamAMthI muktipUrvaka nAsI chUTayo ne berasada pahoMcI gayo. tyAM rahIne eNe phIdAudInane dayAjIrAvanI mAlamilakatane nukasAna karavA badala be lAkha rUpiyAnA vaLataranI mAgaNI karI ane pariNAme vize cetavaNI ApI.29 bIjI bAju amadAvAdamAM rAjakIya paristhitie vaLAMka lIdho. navA sUbedAra tarIke javAMmardakhAna (1743-5) Avyo. raMgejIe peTalAda kabaje kayuM (1743). dAmAjIrAvanA bhAI khaMDerAve amadAvAdanA mahesUlamAM potAnA bhAIne agAunI jema punaH hi meLavI lIdhe.* 1744 thI 1748 daramyAna eka tarapha javAMmardakhAna ane bIjI bAjue

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56 ] sAThA kAla [ pari *pruddIna vacce sattAsaMdha cAhyA. khIjI tarapha rgAjI ane khaDerAva vacce albanAva thatAM emanI vacce jhagaDA thayA. kha'DerAvanA eka saradAra kAnhAjI tapakIre saurASTra paranI caDAI daramyAna vAMcaLI(junAgaDha) para haleA karI ene lUTathu (1747). raMgojI ane khaDerAva vaccenA saMgharSa ugra banatAM, chevaTe khaMDerAve. raMgojIne keda karyo te enA khArasadanA killA laI lIdhA.31 TUMka samayamAM pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAve peAtAnA pratinidhine gujarAtamAM mADhyA, je raMgojIne laIne dakhkhaNamAM pAo pharyo. daramyAna chatrapati zAhunuM avasAna thatAM pezavA ane tArAbAI vacce sattA mATe saMdharSa jAmyA. A muddAmAM damAjIrAva gAyakavADa pezavA-virAdhI hatA tethI dakhkhaNamAM je pakSa pezavA-vireAdhI hAya te pakSe e javAnuM pasaMda karatA. dakhkhaNamAM rAjakIya kaTAkaTI sarjAtAM tArAbAIe damAjIrAvane peAtAnI madade AvavA nima MtraNa ApyuM te samagra mahArASTrane ' brAhmaNA "(pezavAe)nI sattApakaDamAMthI cheDAvavA vinaMtI karI. e parathI damAjIrAva meTI phoja sAthe dakhkhaNamAM gayA. pezavA sAthenI pahelI laDAI khAnadezamAM bahAdurapura ( phebruArI 18, 1751) khAte thaI temAM damAjIrAvane vijaya thayA. bIjI laDAI sAtArA pAse thatAM (mA` 15) emAM e hArI gayA te sulehazAMti karavA mATe taiyArI batAvI. pezavAe ene salAmatInI khAtarI ApI vATAghATe karavA elAgyA. damAjIrAvane pezavAnI chAvaNImAM jatAM tyAMnuM vAtAvaraNa joI peAtAne sapaDAvavAmAM AvyA che evuM jANatAM vAra lAgI nahi, chatAM e hiMmatapUrNAMka pezavA samakSa AvyA. pezavAe damAjIrAva pAse gujarAtanI tamAma khaMDaNImAM aDadhA bhAga ApavAnI kaDaka mAgaNI mUkI. damAjIrAve gujarAta umAbAI dAbhADenuM che ane huM emanA sevaka chu evA javAba ApyA. A javAbathI pezavAne saMtASa thayA na hatA.32 cAlu vATAghATA daramyAna pezavAe dAjIrAvanI chAvaNI para ekAeka humalA karAvI ( eprila 30, 1751) badhu lUMTI levarAvyuM, mAjIrAvanA bhAIne keda karavAmAM AvyA. damAjIrAve badhu lUMTAyelu joI, pezavA pAse jaI, vizvAsAta karyAMneA Thapako ApI, peAtAnI paNa dharapakaDa karavA kahyuM. pezavA enI tathA umAbAI sahita dAbhADaeN kuTuMbanA anya sabhyAnI dharapakaDa karatAM acakAyA nahi 33 damAjIrAva sAthe enA kArabhArI rAmacaMdra khaLavaMta paNa keda hatA. kArabhArInA bhANA khAlAjI yAmAjIe lazkaranI madadathI mAmA rAmacaMdranA chuTakArA

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ziSTa ] gAyakavADanuM rAjya [57 karAvyuMrAmacaMdra damAjIrAvane choDAvavA prayAsa karyo, paraMtu e niSphaLa gaye. damAjIrAva ane dAbhADe haju paNa tArAbAI sAthe maLIne kAvatarAM karI rahyAnI khabara maLatAM pezavAe teone puNethI lehagaDhanA killAmAM khaseDavAM. dAmAjIrAva lagabhaga dasa mahinA sudhI e sthitimAM pezavAno kedI rahyo. damAjIrAvane samagra rAjakIya sthitino tAga meLavI letAM jaNAyuM ke kedI sthitimAM lAMbe vakhata rahevA karatAM mArI hAjarInI gujarAtamAM ghaNI jarUra che mATe mAre tyAM javuM joIe, eTale eNe zivAe mUkelI badhI zaratono svIkAra karyo (mArca 30, 175ra).34 emanI vacce je nirAkaraNa thayuM te TUMkamAM AvuM * hatuM gujarAta para no dAbhADene hakkadA nAbUda karavAmAM Avyo. gujarAtamAM marAThA pratinidhi tarIke mAtra damAjIrAva rahe. enuM "senA khAsakhela "nuM biruda cAlu rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. dAmAjIrAva gujarAta-saurASTrane aDadho bhAga ane bhaviSyamAM je koI pradeza jIte teno aDadho bhAga pezavAne Ape. daMDa tarIke dayAjIrAva paMdara lAkha rUpiyA Ape ane pezavAne jyAre ane jyAM jarUra paDe tyAre dasa hajAranI azvasenA sAthe vaphAdArIpUrvaka sevA Ape.35 dAmAjIrAva sAtArAno rAjA, je pezavAne lagabhaga "kedI' hatuM tenAM hitakAryomAM Teke Ape. dabhADee cUkavavAnI bAkI rahelI khaMDaNInI rakama tarIke savA pAMca - lAkha rUpiyA tathA senApatinA nibhAva kharca mATe vArSika amuka rakama dAjIrAva Ape. pradeza-vaheMcaNI ane rakamanI dRSTie joIe to pezavA ane gAyakavADa e darekane vArSika Avaka rUpiyA pacAsa lAkhanI thAya evI rIte vibhAjana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. pAchaLathI A karArane tArAbAIe likhita maMjUrI ApI hatI. pezavA ane damAjIrAve amadAvAda ane surata jevAM zahera paNa vaheMcI -lIdhAM. dAmAjIrAvane bharUca ane enuM paragaNuM tathA pezavAne jaMbusara dahejabArA vagere maLyAM hatAM. gujarAtamAMthI muslima sattAne nAbUda karavA paraspara sahakAra ApavAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM. kabaje karelA pradezamAMthI je khaMDaNI maLe te pitapatAnA lazkaranI saMkhyAnA pramANamAM vaheMcI levAnI hatI. saurASTra paNa emanI najara bahAra na rahyuM. tyAMnA seraTha rohilavADa hAlAra ane jhAlAvADa mahAlomAM "mulakagIrI " savArIo mekalavAne baMnene hakaka svIkAravAmAM Avyo ane baMnenAM lazkara kyA pradezamAM jAya e paNa nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM.37 pezavA ane dAmAjIrAva vacce thayelA A karArano amala agrejo sAthe

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58 ] *2186 $la pezavAe 1817mAM karAra karyo tyAM sudhI cAlu rahyo. 1817 mAM adhikArInI vaheMcaNa pheraphAra sAthe aMgrejo ane gAyakavADa vacce karavAmAM AvI hatI. 17para ne karAra thayA bAda pezavAnA pratinidhi tarIke ene nAno bhAI raghunAtharAva (rAbA urphe nAnAsAheba) gujarAtamAM Avyo. dAjIrAva paNa pezavAnI kedamAMthI chuTakAro meLavI gujarAtamAM AvyuM. raghunAtharAva 1783 sudhI gujarAtanA rAjakAraNamAM sakriya rahyo. amadAvAda para dasa varSathI javAMmardakhAnano kabajo hate ne enuM zAsana pravartatuM hatuM. 1753 nA AraMbhamAM javAMmardakhAna sAbarakAMThA ane banAsakAMThAnA vistAromAM khaMDaNI ugharAvatAM ugharAvatAM cheka zirohI rAjyanAM mAtabara gAmaDAM lUMTavAnA AzayathI pahoMcI gayo tyAre dAmAjIrAva ane radhuvArA anya marAThA saradArone ekana karI amadAvAda jItI levA nakkI karyuM ne zaherane ghero ghAlyo (phebruArI 13, 1753), javAMmarda khAnane tAtkAlika pAcho lAvavAmAM Avyo. eNe marAThAo sAme Takkara jhIlI sAmano karyo. paraMtu marAThAonI vadhatI jatI bhIMsa ane dabANa heThaLa e cha aThavADiyAMthI vadhu TakI na zakyo. eNe zaraNAgati svIkArI, vATAghATo calAvI ne zaratone svIkAra karyo ( mArca 30, 1753). nakkI karyA pramANe amadAvAda cheDI javAnA badalAmAM javAMmarda. khAnane pATaNa zahera ane bIjA dasa mahAla jAgIra tarIke ApavAmAM AvyAM. e vistAramAM koI paNa marAThI phojane javAnI manAI pharamAvavAmAM AvI.. javAMmardakhAna amadAvAda choDI gayo ke tarata ja marAThAoe amadAvAdamAM praveza karyo (eprila 4, 1753).38 e pachI dAmAjIrAva ane raghunAtharAve traNa divase praveza karyo. emaNe zaheranuM vahIvaTI taMtra goThavyuM.39 emanuM zAsana lagabhaga traNa varSa ane sAta mahinA arthAta khaMbhAtanA navAba mominakhAna bIjAe (1743-93) amadAvAda 1756 mAM (eNkTobara 16) chatI letAM sudhI TayuM, paraMtu damAjIrAva temaja pezavA ane javAMmardakhAne saMgaThita thaI pharIthI cauda mahinAnA gherA (jAnyuArI , 1757 thI phebruArI 27, 1758) bAda e jItI lIdhuM. e pachI pharI pezavA ane gAyakavADane diaMkuza sarvopari sattA sAthe sthapAyo. baMnenA pratinidhi pitApitAnA bhAgane vahIvaTa calAvatA rahyA, je ke 1800 thI 1814 sudhInA gALAmAM pezavAe pitAnA bhAga para vahIvaTa gAyakavADane se hate. - 1753 mAM amadAvAda-vijaya bAda dAmAjIrAve vAtraka kAMThAmAMthI khaMDaNI

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ziSTa ] gAyakavADanuM rAjya [ 5e ugharAvI zerakhAna bAbI pAsethI kapaDavaMja lIdhuM, paraMtu damAjIrAva ane pezavAne pratinidhi e vistAranA kALI lokone vaza rAkhI zakyo nahi tethI teo e vistArane jhAjhe samaya pitAnA tAbAmAM rAkhavAmAM niSphaLa gayA. 1761 nI pANIpatanI laDAImAM ahamadazAha abdAlI sAme dilhI laDavA gayelA moTA marAThA saradAromAM mAjIrAvano paNa samAveza thayo hato. eNe sadAzivarAva bhAu pakSe bhAga lIdhe. dAmAjIrAve e laDAImAM zahilAo para tUTI paDI rahilAono bhAre saMhAra karyo hato, paraMtu laDAImAM bAjI palaTAtAM ne marAThA pakSa hAranI sthitimAM mukAtAM samayasUcakatA vAparI dAjIrAva laDavAnuM choDI daI salAmata rIte gujarAtamAM pahoMcI gayo.43 marAThAone pANIpatamAM bhayaMkara hAra maLyAnA samAcArathI utsAhita banelA muslima zAsaka ane adhikArIoe eno lAbha levA gujarAtamAM hilacAla zarU karI. pezavAnI pratiSThA jhAMkhI paDI gaI hatI. e saMjogomAM khaMbhAtanA mominakhAne damAjIrAvane pitAnA pakSe levA ane zivA viruddha baMne eka banI zivAnI sattA gujarAtamAM nAbUda karavA koziza karI. damAjIrAve pitAnuM hita pezavA sAthe vadhu raheluM samajI mominakhAnane macaka ApI nahi.44 damAcharA pANIpatamAMthI pAchA pharyA bAda hatAza banyA vagara daDhatAthI pagalAM levAM zarU karyo (1763-66 ). momina khAnane sajA karavA pezavAnA pratinidhine madada ApI pite bAbI kuTuMbanA pradeza jItI levA AgaLa dhapyo. visanagara khAte be varSa sudhI pitAnuM vaDuM mathaka rAkhI pravRttio jArI rAkhI. kheDAne killo kabaje karyo. e pachI e javAMmardakhAnanA mukhya zahera aNahIlavADa pATaNa gayo ne e kabaje karyuM. potAnI rAjadhAnI senagaDhathI pATaNa pheravI (1966). javAMmardakhAnanA putra pAsethI samI ane rAdhanapura sivAyanA mahAla kabaje karyA (176 - 66).45 rAjapIpaLAnA rAjA pAsethI khaMDaNI levAnuM zarU karyuM. khaMDaNI aniyamita rIte apAya che athavA bilakuva apAtI nathI evuM kAraNa rajU karI dayAjIrAve caDAI karI rAjapIpaLA tAbAne keTaleka bhAga paDAvI lIdhe. pANIpatanI laDAI pachI damAjIrAva gujarAtamAM pezavAnAM sthAna ane sattAne nAbUda karavA vicArato hato, paraMtu eNe yogya samayanI rAha jovAnuM pasaMda karyuM. pANIpata pachI pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvanuM avasAna thatAM enI jagyAe ene soLa varSano javAna putra mAdhavarAva pezavA banyo ne enA

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20 ] marAThA kAla [ pari vAlI tarIke tathA rAjaya-rakSaka tarIke mAdhavarAvanA kAkA raghunAtharAve vahIvaTa hAthamAM lIdho. pezavA mAdhavarAve eka sanada dvArA pATaNa vijApura samI muMjapura vaDanagara visanagara siddhapura kherALu ane rAdhanapura dAmAjIrAvane marAThI phojanA saraMjAma ane kharca mATe ApyAM (mArca 21, 1763).* mahatvAkAMkSI ane sattA bhI raghunAtharAve mAdhavarAva viruddha khaTapaTe zarU karatAM, mAdhavarAve potAnA sAcA adhikAra dhAraNa karavAno nirNaya karatAM virodhamAM raghunAtharAve enA hedAnuM rAjInAmuM ApyuM ane potAnI pravRttio alaga rIte zarU karI. pezavA ane raghunAtharAva vacce aNabanAva thatAM dAmAjIrAve potAnI taka joI raghunAtharAva-pakSe joDAvAnuM pasaMda karyuM. pezavA ane raghu nAtharAva vacce tAMdujA athavA rAkSasabhuvana(auraMgAbAda pAse) nAmane sthaLe thayelI laDAImAM (gasTa 10, 1663) damAjIrAve raghunAtharAvane bhAre madada karI hatI. mAdhavarAva pezavAe have dAmAjIrAvanI khullI zatruvaTa joI lIdhI hatI. 1768 mAM baMDakhara raghunAtharAva vizALa lazkara sAthe caMdera vistAramAM dhaDapanA killAmAM chAvaNI nAkhIne rahyo hato. tenI sAthe dAmAjIrAvane putra goviMdarAva paNa phejanI eka TukaDInA nAyaka tarIke hato. pazivAe ekAeka ja dhaDapa para chApo mArI laDAImAM radhunAtharAvane harAvyo, raghunAtharAva ane goviMdarAvane keda karyo. goviMdarAvane puNe ekalI apAyo, jyAM e potAnA pitA dAmAjIrAvanA avasAna sudhI rahyo (1768). have pezavAe damAjIrAva samakSa AkarI zarato mUkI. enI pAsethI cha mahAle laI levAmAM AvyA. jo ke darabArI kharca mATe sattaragAma paragaNuM DabhoI temaja pAsare ane umaraNa gAyakavADa pAse rahevA devAmAM AvyAM. vArSika khaMDaNI tarIke savA pAMca lAkhane badale rUpiyA 7,79,000 ApavAnI pharaja paDAI. bAkI paDatI leNI rakama tarIke paMdara lAkha rUpiyA gaNavAmAM AvyA ane agAu thayelA karAra mujaba pezavA pAse hAjara nahi thavA badala tathA baMDakhera pravRtti karavA badala savApacIsa lAkha47 (athavA savAtevIsa, lAkho rUpiyA daMDa karavAmAM AvyuM. gAyakavADe kula 41 lAkha (athavA 39 lAkho rUpiyA savA pAMca lAkha rUpiyAnA haptAthI cUkavavA ema karAvavAmAM AvyuM. dAbhADe kuTuMba ane khaMDerAva gAyakavADanA hakkadAvAnuM nirAkaraNa karavAnuM ane surata tathA amadAvAdanA mahesUla saMbaMdhI agAu thayelA karAranuM pAlana sakhtAIthI karavAnuM gAyakavADane kahevAmAM AvyuM. gAyakavADa pezavAne

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zabda ] gAyakavADanuM rAjya [ 1. traNa hajAranI azvasenA Ape evu baMdhana mUkavAmAM AvyuM. upayu kta karAranI AvI zarate damAjIrAvanA putrA phattehasiMharAva ane gAviMdarAve chevaTe mAnya rAkhI, kAraNa ke dheAMDapanI laDAI pachI tarata ja dAjIrAvanuM avasAna thayuM hatuM ( 1768 ). damAjIrAvanu kaTokaTInA kALamAM thayeluM avasAna gAyakavADa kuTuMba mATe kamanasIba nIvaDayuM. enA putrA vacce tyAra bAda cAlelA sattA mATenA saMgharSathI gAyakavADI sattAne jhAMkhapa lAgI. pAdaTIpa 1 G. S. Sardesai, A New History of the Marathas, Vol. I, p. 51 2 khaDerAva dAbhArDane rAja zAhue 1717mAM senApatipada ApyuM hatu. dAbhArDanI A nimaNUka pachI ene dakhkhaNanA vistAramAM bhAre kAmagIrI rahetI hAvAthI eNe peAtAnA vizvAsu amaladArA, jemAM kathAjI kardama khAMDe, mAjI( 1 lA) gAyakavADa, dRmAjInA dattaka putra ane bhatrIjo pilAjIrAva vagerenA samAveza thatA hatA. temane dAbhADee enA adhikArIone lagabhaga dara varSe gujarAta prAMtamAM meAkalavAnI nIti apanAvI hatI. te surata jillAmAM ceAtha udharAvatA. pezavA bAjIrAve peAtAnAM svataMtra lazkara taiyAra karyAM ane pete AgevAnI laI AkramaNa karavAnI nIti apanAvI, enA hetu senApati para AdhAra na rAkhavAneA ane peAtAnu vasU sthApita karavAnA hatA, AthI senApatipadanu` mahattva kramaza: ghaTatuM gayuM. vadhumAM jue ApTe, zrI sayAnIrAva gAyavAda ( tisare) yAMghe ritra, grantha 2, pR. .. 3 R. C. Majumdar (Ed.), Maratha Supremacy (MS), P, 279 4 vAte, zrImanta sayAnIrAva, yAMghe tri : sayAnI gaurava prastha, mA. 2, pR.20-22 5 D. B. Parashis, A History of the Maratha People, p. 177 1 gAyakavADa yAMcI hakIkata, pR. 2-3 7 Gazetteer of the Baroda State (GBS), Vol. I, p. 437 8 vIrasadanA vAdhajI paTela ane vaseAno dAjI paTela rustamaalIkhAnanA tAbedAra hatA.. zunnatakhAne dAjI paTelanI aMbAjInI jAtrAe jatI dIkarIne mArgamAM rAkI laI, peAtAne tyAM laI jaI cauda divasa rAkhI enI mAnahAni karI hatI, AthI e paTelA muslima zAsako sAme thayA ane pilAchane caDAI karavA nimatraNa ApyuM, teo pilAjIne khIlIme rA pAse maLyA hatA ane AkramaNanI vigatA nakkI karI. hatI. 9 mirAte ahamadI (gu, anu. ku.mA. jhaverI), vA. 2, pR. 88-91

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} } 10 GBS, Vol. I, pp. 440 f. 11-12 mirAte ehamadI, va. 2, pR. 108-110 13 ApTe, varcusta, vrUM. 2, pR. 20-21, vor rAjya vaktAnti tihAsi ve, mA. 6, pR.-7 sATA kAla 14 J. H. Gense and D. R. Banaji, The Gaikwads of Baroda, Vol. I, p. 10 15-17 Maharashtra State Gazetteer (MSG), Part III, pp. 52 f. 18 Sardesai, op. cit, Vol. II, p. 137 19 ApTe, uparyukta, prantha chu, rR. 22-22 20 GBS, Vol. I, p. 446 21 pratinidhiomAM paceALI tema rAmAnada bhaMDArI tathA ajabasiMha indra ane lakhadhIra hatA. jue MS, p. 24. 22 Sardesai, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 143 23 mirAte ehamadI, vA. 2, pR. 192-95, 197 24 MS, p. 24 [ pi -27 ejana, pR. 359-61 28 ejana, pR. 361-63 24 Hiranad Shastri, The Ruins of Dabhoi or Darbhavati in Baroda State, pp. 18 f. 26 mirAte ehamadI, vA. 2, pR. 271-72 29 GBS, Vol. I., p. 449 30 mirAte ehamadI, vA. 2, pR. 451-53 31 Sardesai, op. cit. Vol. II, pp. 323 f. 32 MSG, Part III, p. 75 33 C. U. Aitchison, A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Samads, Vol. VI, Appendix I, pp. XLVI-LVI; Gense and Ba naji, op. cit., Vol. III, pp. 154 .-34 gAyakavADa yAMce hakIkata, pR. 22 35-46 Gense and Banaji, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 90 n.

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mahis] gAyakavADanuM zakya 37 pezavA ane gAyakavADanI mulagIrI vasulAta mATenI vigato mATe juo GBS, Vol. I, pp. 457 f. 36 Gense and Banaji, op. cit, Vol. I, p. 105 36 B. K. Beman, Bebram, Rise of Municipal Govevnment in the City of Ahmedabad, p. 8 40 mirAte ahamadI, va. 2, pR. 574-%; Gense and Banaji op. cil, Vol. I, p. 113 1 mirAte ahamadI, . 2, pR. 590-650 mAM amadAvAdanA gherAnuM varNana vigate ApavAmAM AvyuM che. xa Gense and Banaji, op. cit., Vol. IX, p. 19 *3 Sardesai, op. cit, Vol. II, p. 458 44 mirAte ehamadI, ghU. 2, pR. 745 * 45 GBS, Vol. I, p. 460 49 baDodeM rAjya daphtarAMtIla aitihAsika veMce, bhA. 1, pR. 15; ApTe, uparyukta, che. 2, pR. 27-18 47 Aitchison, Treaties, Vol, Iv, Appendix v. emAM vadhu rakama darzAvAI che. grAMTa Dapha ane eliphansTana ochI rakama batAve che. juo GBS, Vol. I, p. 465.

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prakaraNa 3 pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane amala (I. sa. 1758 thI 1761) pezavA bAlAjI vatI sUbA sadAziva rAmacaMdra ane tenI sahAyamAM rahelA damAcha gAyakavADe gujarAtanA pATanagara amadAvAdane kabaje karyo ane e rIte gujarAtamAM pezavAnI ANa pravatI. gujarAtamAM sthapAyelI marAThAonI A keMdravatI sattA lagabhaga 60 varSa ( I. sa. 1818) sudhI TakI rahI. marAThA amalanuM svarUpa marAThAonI hakumatane A kAla ekaMdare gujarAtamAM avyavasthA, lUMTaphATa, baMDa-baLavA, laDAIo ane bhaya-AtaMkano rahyo. A kAlamAM eka samaye pezavA te bIje samaye gAyakavADa sarvopari banate. e baMne zAsakanAM prabhAva kSetramAM paNa vAraMvAra parivartana thatuM. Ama chatAM baMnenI rAjanIti ekasarakhI ja jovA maLe che. baLajabarIthI paisA paDAvavA e emanA zAsananuM mukhya dhyeya hatuM. "rAsamALA'nA lekhaka phArbasa nedhe che tema, Akhe deza(gujarAta) pezavA ane gAyakavADa vacce vaheMcAI gaye hato ne emAM khaMDaNI ApatAM rAja-rajavADAMne paNa samAveza thaI gayA hatA. mughalo ane marAThAo vaccenA sarvoparitA mATe cAlatA satata saMgharSamAM rajavADAM taTastha rahI baMnene samAna sagavaDo ApatAM. vaLI pitAne pradeza jenI hakUmatamAM Ave tene mahesUla ane jamA" ApatAM. mughalenI jema marAThA paNa teonA AMtarika vahIvaTamAM mAthuM mAratA nahi paNa teo dhIme dhIme temanA para karaboja vadhArI temane Arthika rIte pAyamAla karyo jatA hatA.' marAThA saradAra varSovarSa pezakaza(khaMDaNI) ugharAvavA mulakagIrIe nIkaLatA tyAre rastAmAM AvatAM gAme ane kasbAone lUMTI pAyamAla karatA. ghAsadANA jevA aneka prakAranA verA vasUla laI prajAnuM hIra cUsavAmAM AvatuM. AthI prajA emanAthI satata bhaya pAmatI. teonI pezakaza bhAre rahetI ne te ugharAvavAmAM teo bhAre karatA vAparatA. sAme thanArA ThAkarane teo bhAre daMDa karatA ne te vasUla levA enI pAsethI vagadAra majabUta jAmIna letA. AthI ThAkorAmAM paNa bhaya vyApele rahetA. AvA sArvatrika glAninA kALAmAM sAMskRtika pragati aTakI gaI.

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3 ] pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane amala amadAvAda jItyA pachI pezavAnA sUbA ane gAyakavADanA pratinidhio vahIvaTI sukAna saMbhALyuM. agAu thayelA karAra mujaba zaheranA bAra daravAjAo paikInA jamAlapura sivAyanA agiyAra daravAjA para pezavAnI hakumata sthapAI, jyAre jamAlapura daravAje gAyakavADane gaNAya. alabatta, Upaja baMnee ardhaardha vaheMcI levAnuM karyuM hatuM. vaLI agiyAra daravAjA para pitAne ekaeka kiledAra rAkhavAnA kharca peTe gAyakavADe pezavAne 6,000 rUpiyA ApavAnA hatA. gujarAtanAM anya sthAna para agAuthI marAThI sattA sthapAyelI hatI temAM I.sa. 17para nA karAra mujaba UpajamAMthI arboardha hisso pezavA ane gAyakavADe vaheMcI levAnI goThavaNa thaI hatI ne e rIte dareka sthaLe jamAbaMdI karI pezakaza nakkI karavAmAM AvI hatI. te pramANenI niyata pezakaza ugharAvavA mulagIrI savArIe gAyakavADa ane zivA baMne taraphathI karavAmAM AvatI. sUbedAra sadAziva rAmacaMdra (I.sa. 1758-1760) pezavA taraphathI sUbA sadAziva rAmacaMdra amadAvAdano havAlo saMbhALyo. eno gujarAta para traNa varSa amala rahyo. amadAvAdanI vyavasthA maminakhAne amadAvAda choDayA pachI damAcha gAyakavADe zaherano baMdebasta karavA jamAlapura daravAjethI zaheramAM praveza karyo (27 mI phebruArI 1758). eNe jamAlapurathI zaheramAM javAnA mukhya mArganA nAkA para AvelA salIma jamAlanA suvidhAjanaka makAnane pitAnA nivAsa mATe nakkI karyuM. tyAMthI bhadra jaI koTane pharatA burajo ane daravAjAo para rakhevALonI goThavaNa karI e pachI thoDI vAre khAnapuranA daravAjethI zaheramAM pravezI bhadramAM Avyo. eNe bAburAva nAmanA Isamane zaheranI koTavAlI seMpI zaheranA daravAjA kholI nAkhavA hukama karyo ne tyAra bAda e rAtre pitAnI chAvaNI para pAcho vaLyo. daravAjA khUlatAM zahera choDIne nAsI gayelA leke dhIme dhIme zaheramAM AvavA lAgyA. bIje divase sadAziva rAmacaMdra jUnI chAvaNI cheDI zAhIbAgamAM paDAva nAkhyo. javAMmardakhAnane have potAnI jAgIra(pATaNa)mAM javAnI utAvaLa hovAthI, sadAziva rAmacaMdra ene pizAka ane gheDAnI bheTa ApI pATaNa ravAnA karyo. dabhAie paNa janI chAvaNI chaDI sAbaramatIne taTe hajharata zAha bhIkhananI daragAha pAse mukAma karyo. pitAnA putra sayAjIne chAvaNImAM rAkhI damAjI pote In7-5

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64 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. salIma jamAdAranA makAnamAM rahevA gaye. bhAjIne zaheranA nAmAMkita musalamAna tathA hiMdu zarApha ane mahAjane maLavA AvyA. emAM "mira Ate ehamadI" nA kartA alI muhammadakhAnano paNa samAveza ha. damAjIe teone dilAso ApI dakSiNa rivAja mujaba pAghaDI ane dupaTTA vaDe teonuM saMmAna karI sahune rAjI karyA. sadAziva rAmacaMdra zAhIbAgamAMthI mukAma uThAvI bhadranA koTanI dIvAla nIce sAbaramatInA taTamAM mukAma karyo hovAthI e sarva mahAjano tyAM jaI ene maLyA. sadAzivarAve paNa temane sAMtvana ApI pizAkanI navAjeza karI. meminakhAne kAchanA heddA para gulAma husenakhAnane nImyo hato. sadAzivarAve tene khaseDI tenA sthAne muhammada rUkana ulahakka khAnane nImyo. arka(bhadra)nA killA paranA nagArakhAnAmAMthI dara ravivAre pAMca vAra nobata vagADavAmAM AvatI te ravivAra uparAMta zanivAre paNa vagADavAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM. agAu marAThAoe amadAvAda lIdheluM tyAre emaNe aMkUzanA nizAnavALA pitAnA sikkA paDAvelA paNa tyArabAda mominakhAne te sikkA pADavA baMdha karAvyA hatA. sadAzivarAve e sikkA punaH cAlu karyA. eNe dareka heddA para ane mahelamAM amaladAra nImI dIdhA. tyArabAda jhAlAvADa ane soraThanI pezakaza ugharAvavA mATe eNe pitAnI senA sAthe prasthAna karyuM (13 mI mArca 1758). jatAM pahelAM eNe pitAnA vatI pAMDuraMga paMDitanA bhAI nArU paMDitane zaheramAM pitAnA nAyaba tarIke nImyo. e vaLI jAgIronI bAbatamAM vAMdhA na UThe temaja karaverA niyamita levAya e mATe alI muhammadakhAna (miraAte ehamadIne lekhaka), zahera kAjI, bakSI tathA khabarapatrI ane hAjI nurUllAne mukarara karavAmAM AvyA.9 amadAvAdanA gherAmAM sahAya karavA Avela sadAziva dAdara dakhaNa pAcho gayo. damAcha gAyakavADanA hukamathI zaMbhurAma ane tenA dIkarAne keda pakaDavAmAM AvyA. damAjIe potAnA putra sayAjIrAvane vAjabI jamAbaMdI karavA, ThAkora pAsethI pezakaza ugharAvavA ane upadravI keLIonA jAmIna levA kapaDavaMja tathA bahiyala(tA. dahegAma) tarapha ravAnA karyo. damAjI yaMbaka mukuMdane potAnA nAyaka tarIke rAkhI pite kedI zaMbhurAma tathA tenA chokarAne pitAnI sAthe laI vaDedarA gayA. tyAMthI damA narmadAsnAna karI punaH amadAvAda pAcho pharyo. gAe have seraThamAMnI marAThAonI pezakazamAMthI pitAne hisso vasUla levA mATe sayAjIrAvane seraTha javA Adeza Apyo. damAjIe amadAvAdamAM rokAI

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OM ju ] pezavA AlAjI AjIrAvanA amala [ 60 jamAlapuramAM potAnI havelInA pAchaLanA bhAgamAM eka vAva karI. AmAM sAra`gapura daravAjA bahAranI sIdI bazIranI masjidanA khaMDeranA paththara vAparavAmAM AvyA. vaLI enA paththarAthI zaheranA kATanA keTalAka bhAga paNa samarAvyA.10 sAsinakhAna khabhAtamAM parAjaya pAmelA meAminakhAna khaMbhAta jatA hatA tyAre enA sAtha cheDIne jatA rahelA dhaNA sipAIe pharIthI potAneA pagAra levAnI umedathI enI sAthe thaI gayA. AthI e khaMbhAta pahoMcyA tyAre enI pAse gheADesavAre ane padAtionuM eka lazkara bheguM thaI gayu, khaMbhAtanA killAnI aMdaranA sipAIe paNa caDelA pagAra meLavavAnI AzAthI meAminakhAna AvatAM umAMgamAM AvI gayA. sainikone cUkavavAneA thatA pAMca lAkha rUpiyA jeTalA pagAra cUkavavAmAM asamatha meminakhAna cUpacApa killAmAM dAkhala thaI gayA. A vakhate karAra anusAra pezavA taraphathI maLanArA eka lAkha rUpiyA pezavAneA kArabhArI vrajalAla laI khaMbhAta AvatAM meAtrinakhAna jema tema karI sainikonA rASa zAMta karI zakayA.1.A mAminakhAne peAtAnI khAlI tIjorI bharavA mATe saradArA ane zrImaMtA pAsethI jorajulamathI nANAM kaDhAvavA mAMDayAM. A vakhate khaMbhAta gayelA pezavAnA kArabhArI vrajalAlanu enA duzmanoe khUna karyuM ane emAM mAbhinakhAnanA hAtha hatA evI vAta vahetI mUkI. 11 kAThiyAvADanI sulakagIrI A arasAmAM jhAlAvADa ane seAraDa tarapha gayelA sadAziva rAmacaMdra pezakaza udharAvatA ugharAvatA pArakhaMdara thaI jUnAgaDha pahoMcyo. sayAjIrAva paNa gAhilavADa ane kAThiyAvADamAMthI potAnA bhAganI jamAbaMdI anusAra pezakaza vasula karatA jUnAgaDha AvI pahoMcyA. jUnAgaDhanA navAba zerakhAna bAbIe baMne marAThA saradArAne thADA gheADA bheTa ApyA. sadAzivarAve jUnAgaDhamAM potAnA koI nAyaba rAkhavA aMge keTalAka saMdezA ane dakSiNI rivAja mujabanA pozAkanI bheTa sAthe sadAzaMkara munazI nAmanA isamane zerakhAna pAse mokalyA. paNa keTalAMka kAraNAsara sadAzivarAvane turata amadAvAda pAchA pharavuM paDayuM. e amadAvAda pahoMcyA (tA. 15 jUna, 1958),12 e pachInA saptAhe sayAjIrAva paNa amadAvAda gayA. 13 khabhAtanA akheDA vrajalAlanuM khUna thatAM ane mAbhinakhAna taraphathI kha'bhAtanA meTA vepArIo

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68 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. ane amIra pAse paisA paDAvavA mATe thatI kanaDagatathI DarIne jhAheda alIbega, mIra najamuddIna, muhammada hAzama bakSI ane maleka rejhA jevA rAjyanA AdhArastaMbharUpa gaNAtA puruSe kuTuMba parivAra ane mAlamilakata sAthe chUpI rIte khaMbhAtamAMthI nAsI chUTayA. peTalAdanA marAThA kejadAra sadAziva ballAle emane sahAya karI. jhAheda alI ane mIra najamuddIne amadAvAda AvI pahelAM nAyaba nArU paMDita pAse ane tyArabAda sadAziva rAmacaMdra janAgaDhathI AvI pahoMcatAM tenI pAse meminakhAnathI pitAne bacAvavA mATe dhA nAkhI. sUbAe teone dilAso ApI, pizAkathI saMmAna karI e baMnene muhammada hAzama sAthe maLI khaMbhAta baMdara jItI levA peTalAda ravAnA kya. sadAziva ballAle paNa emAM sAthe rahevuM evo Adeza mekalavAmAM AvyA. jhAheda alIe 14 peTalAda jaI khAnagI rAhe khaMbhAtanA sipAI vargane paisAthI lalacAvavA prayatna karyo. ene emAM thoDI saphaLatA paNa maLI. thoDA sipAIo khaMbhAtanI senAmAMthI zyA thaI sAmA pakSamAM bhaLyA. ghaNA sipAIoe jhAheda alI taraphathI maLatI rakamane rojanuM sAdhana gaNI lIdhuM. meminakhAnane AkhA kAvatarAnI jANa thatAM e sAvadha banI gayuM ne bahArathI AvelI rakama eNe japta karI lIdhI. AthI nAsIpAsa thayela jhAheda alI amadAvAda gaye, jyAre muhammada hAzama miyAgAmanA jamInadAra raNamalane Azraye jaI rahyo. 15 A vakhate vaDodarAmAM keda rakhAyelA zaMbhurAma ane tenA putrane pezavAnA hukamathI puNe mokalI ApavAmAM AvyA. 16 sadAzivarAvanI khaMbhAta tarapha kUca pezavA taraphathI damAjI gAyakavADane puNe belavavA mATe vakhatovakhata patra AvatA hatA. sadAziva rAmacaMdrane e salAhabharyuM nahi lAgavAthI eNe gAyakavADane amadAvAda rahevA devA pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane lakhyuM. paNa pezavAe enI vinaMtIne asvIkAra karI dAjIrAvane laI AvavA mATe janakajI nAmanA isamane lazkarI TukaDI sAthe amadAvAda mokalyA. AthI nachUTake sadAziva rAmacaMdra pitAnI sAthe mAjIrAvane laIne pezakaza ugharAvavA nimitte nIkaLI gayA (tA. 31, ogasTa, 1758). eNe kAMkariyA taLAva pAse chAvaNI nAkhI. eNe pahelAM meminakhAna sAthe hisAba patAvavAnuM nakkI karyuM. A arasAmAM meminakhAne huM pezavAne maLavA icchuM chuM e irAde vyakta karate patra puNe pAThavyo. zivAe pratyuttaramAM ene puNe javA anumati pAThavI ane sAthe

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pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane amala khaMbhAtane herAna na karavA aMge sadAziva rAmacaMdra ane damAjI gAyakavADane saMbodhIne patra mokalyA. A patro sAthe pitAne puNe javAno paravAno ApavA mATe mominakhAne sadAziva rAmacaMdrane vinaMtIpatra pAThavyuM. paNa khaMbhAtano Amila hisAbamAM phera batAve che tethI e pheravALI rakamanI khAtarI karI ApyA pachI ja puNe jaI zakAze evo sUbAe pratyuttara mokalyo. sadAzivarAve pezavAne patra lakhIne dAmAjIrAvane amadAvAda rahevA devA punaH vinaMtI karI. A vakhate kacchanA rAva lakhapatajIe siMdhamAM ThaThA nagara levAnI IcchAthI tenA para caDAI karatI vakhate pitAne sahAya karavA mATe sadAziva rAmacaMdra ane damAjI gAyakavADane vinaMtI karI. eNe phejanuM kharca ApavA paNa kabUlyuM hatuM. AthI sadAzivarAve raNachoDadAsane ne dAmAjIrAve sevakarAmane kacchanA rAvanI madada mokalyA.18 21 mI sapTembara, 1758 nA roja19 ane tyAra pachInA saptAhe 25mI sapTembara, 1758 nA roja tApImAM AvelA moTA pUre surata zaheramAM jAnamAlanI bhAre khAnAkharAbI sarjI. AmAM paNa paheluM pUra be divasa ane be rAta sudhI bhAre vinAza karatuM rahyuM. narmadAmAM paNa A vakhate pUra AvatAM eNe paNa bharUca ane kAMThAnAM anya gAmaDAMomAM vinAza veryo. 21 sadAziva rAmacaMdra nArU paMDitanI jagyAe pitAnA moTA bhAI saMtAjIne nAyaba tarIke nImI damAjI gAyakavADane sAthe laI khaMbhAta tarapha kUca karI kAMkariyAthI chAvaNI uThAvI traNa mAIla dUra AvelA Isanapura AgaLa mukAma karyo (26 mI sapTembara, 158).1ra tyAMthI e kheDA pahoMcyo. kheDA damAjInA hissAmAM AveluM hovAthI muhammada daurAna sAthe tyAMnI jamAbaMdIno nikAla karI damAjIno hisAba cUkate patAvavA mATe e tyAM traNa divasa rokAyo. tyAMthI e ane damAjI khaMbhAta pahoMcyA ne zahera bahAra baMdarane kinAre chAvaNI nAkhI. A vakhate mominakhAna puNe javA mATe zahera bahAra nIkaLato hato, paNa marAThI pheja AvI lAgatAM zaheranA killAmAM pAcho bharAI gaye ne temAM rahI buraja ane gaDhanuM rakSaNa karavA lAgyo. khaMbhAtanA AmilanA jaNAvyA anusAra meminakhAne pezavAnA bhAganA 20,000 rUpiyA pacAvI pADyA hatA. mominakhAne damAjIrAvane vacce rAkhI pitAnA kArabhArIo mAraphate sadAziva rAmacaMdra sAthe saM 1 pezavAnA hissA kI laheNuM nIkaLatI rakama eNe cUkI ApatAM sadAziva rAmacaMdra 20 divasano khaMbhAtane mukAma uThAvI kaThANuM (tA. borasada) thaI umeTA(tA. berasada ) pahoMce. A vakhate pezavA taraphathI

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70 ] marAThA kAla [ a. damAjIrAvane tAkIdanuM teDuM AvatAM e umeTAnI pezakazane tvarita nikAla karIne puNe javA ravAnA thayo. eNe A vakhate potAnA putra sayAjIrAvane gAyakavADanA hissAnI pezakaza ugharAvavA mATe seraTha tarapha ravAnA karyo. 23 vADAzinera ane luNAvADA para caDAI have sadAziva rAmacaMde vADAzinara ane luNAvADAnA jAgIradAra sAthe hisAba patAvavA prasthAna karyuM. vADAzinera mahAla e vakhate jUnAgaDhanA zerakhAna bAbInA sagIra vayanA putra saradAra muhammadakhAnanA kabajAmAM hata.24 mominakhAna ane marAThAo vaccenA amadAvAdanA bakheDAne laIne e zivAne ApavAne thate Upajane aDadho hisso Apate baMdha thaI gayA hatA. vaLI eNe vIrapura (tA. vADAzinora) paragaNAnA desAIone pajavI temanI pAsethI daMDa lIdho. hato. AmAM muhammadakhAna sAthe luNAvADAno ThAkara dIpasiMga paNa sAmela hatA. desAIoe madada mAgatAM sadAziva rAmacaMdra vADAsinora pahoMcyo. enI pheje zaheranA killAne gherI lIdho. baMne pakSe cheDe vakhata laDAI cAlI paNa chevaTe TakI nahi zakatAM saradAra muhammadakhAne 30,000 rUpiyA ApavA kabUla karI pitAnA kArabhArI sulatAna habazI ane pitAnAM eka mukAdamane jAmIna tarIke mokalI saMdhi karI.25 sadAziva ane damAe khaMbhAta choDayA pachI meminakhAne pezavAne patra lakhI pitAnI pAsethI kharI rIte 20,000 rUpiyA paDAvavAmAM AvyA ane e vasUla levA sadAzivarAve ene puNe jatAM paNa rokyo hovAnI phariyAda karI. e parathI pezavAe e rakama momina khAnane pAchI ApI devAne sadAziva rAvane Adeza pAThavyo temaja husena nAmanA saradArane momina khAnane puNe teDI lAvavA mATe mokalyo. A vakhate sadAziva rAmacaMdranI chAvaNI vADAzinera hovAthI momina khAne e saradArane pezavAnA AdezavALA patra sAthe enI pAse meka. paNa sadAziva rAmacaMdra e rakama pezavAnA hissAnA hisAba peTe momina khAna pAse leNI nIkaLatI hevAthI vasUla levAI che, emAM kaMI khoTuM karyuM nathI, evo javAba ApI e saradArane mominakhAna pAse ravAnA karI dIdhe ne pite chAvaNa uThAvI luNAvADA gayo.26 luNAvADA paranI caDAI vakhate sadAzivarAve saradAra muhammadakhAnane paNa sAthe lIdho. luNAvADAnA ThAkara dIpasiMge zarUAtamAM mukAbale karyo, paraMtu e lAMbI Takkara jhIlI zakaze nahi. eNe 50,000 rUpiyA ApavAnA kabUlI

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rAju ] pezavA bAjI bAjIrAvane asala [ 1 gya jAmIna ApI suleha karI lIdhI. tyAMthI sadAziva rAmacaMdra maMDAsA ane IDara paragaNumAM rastAmAM AvatI dareka jagAnI sthiti ane zakti mujabanI jamAbaMdI karI mahesUla ugharAvata vijApurane tAbe AvelA Akara (?) gAme pahoMcyo ne tyAM chAvaNI nAkhI. tyAM ene vIsalanagara(vIsanagara)ne jorAvarakhAna27 maLavA Avyo. A vakhate kacchamAM rAva lakhapatanI sahAyamAM gayelA raNachoDadAsa ane sevakarAma amadAvAda AvI gayA ne raNachoDadAsa sadAziva rAmacaMdranI sAthe joDAvA amadAvAdathI turata ravAnA thayo.28 saiyada accananI suratamAM takhtanazInI A arasAmAM suratanA navAba saphadarakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM alI navAjhakhAna navAba banyo paNa sIdIonI madadathI miyAM saiyada ane navAbI hAMsala na karI lIdhI. zivAe AmAM sahAya karI hovAthI accane suratanI Upajane cothe bhAga marAThAne ApavA kabUlyuM hatuM. marAThAoe e mATe be daravAjA kabaje laI cutha ugharAvavA mAMDI. A cothamAM pezavA ane gAyakavADa baMnene hisso hatA.29 pAlaNapura para caDAI 4thI jAnyuArI, 1759 nA roja sadAziva rAmacaMdra pAlaNapura pahoMcyo. eNe pezakaza ApavA mATe pAlaNapuranA navAba muhammada bahAdurakhAna para dabANa karyuM. navAbe pAlaNapuranA rakSaNa mATe tAjetaramAM zaherane pharate koTa ane tenA para burajo ane madhyamAM gaDhIo karAvI hatI, teno Azraya laI marAThI subedAra sAme namatuM nahi jokhavA nirdhAra karyo. AthI marAThI senAe pAlaNapuranA keTane ghero ghAlyo. javAMmarda khAna paNa eka hajAranuM lazkara laI marAThAo sAthe joDAze. A ghere eka mAsa sudhI rahyo. daramyAnamAM marAThA e pAlaNapuranI AsapAsanAM gAmaDAM lUMTI tArAja karyuM. bIjI bAju zahera bahAranA uttaranA tAMsAvALA) daravAjA nIcethI cheka rAjagaDha sudhI suraMga khAdI rAjagaDhane uDAvI mUkavAnI tajavIja karavAmAM AvI. A bAbatanI navAbane jANa thatAM suraMga kUTatAM sanArI gamakhvAra AphatanI kalpanA karIne kArabhArIonI salAhathI, javAMmardakhAnane vacce rAkhIne, navAbe saMdhi karI lIdhI. eNe e rUe sadAzivarAva pezakarAnA 35,000 rUpiyA ApyA. badalAmAM pAlaNapura rAjyane jarUra paDe zivA sahAya karaze evI marAThA sUbedAra pAsethI ene khAtarI maLI.31

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72 ] bharaThA lAla [ pra. pAlaNapurathI kuca karI sadAziva rAmacaMdra UMjhA ane unAvA thaI jhAlAvADa tAbAnA lImaDI tarapha nIkaLI gayA (tA. 7mI phebruArI, 1759). 32 mArgamAM eNe kaTosaNanA ThAkora pAsethI 10,000 rUpiyA lIdhA. 33 A arasAmAM amadAvAdamAMnA nAyaba saMtajIe sAbaramatInA taTa paranI, pUrane kAraNe nAza pAmelI zaheranA keTanI dIvAlane samarAvIne ghaNI majabUta banAvaDAvI. 34 suratane killo aMgrejonA kabajAmAM suratamAM miyAM saiyada accane navAbI hAMsala karI enI dhamAlamAM aMgrejI keDI lUMTAI ane zaheranA kiledAra ahamada habazIe be aMgreja kArakanone mArI nAkhyA. AthI aMgrejoe habazIne hAMkI kADhI zaherane kille kabaje karavA nakkI karyuM. suratanI koThInA vaDA mi. spensaranI sahAyamAM muMbaIthI manavAre mokalavAmAM AvI. pezavAe aMgrejonI sahAyamAM eka pheja ane eka manavAra mekalI. aMgrejoe 1759 nA mArcamAM suratano killo sara karI lIdhe. mi. spensarane tyAMne hAkema banAvavAmAM Avyo ane tenA hAtha nIce mi. glAsane killedAra tarIke nImavAmAM Avyo.35 memanakhAnanuM puNe tarapha prayANa sadAziva rAmacaMdra pAlaNapuranI ghaTanAmAM rokAyela hatA te daramyAna momina khAne pezavAne maLavA puNe javA taiyArI karavA mAMDI. paNa ene marAThAo taraphathI koI nirAMta maLaze ke kema tenI zaMkA rahetI hatI. AthI eNe aMgrejonA pezavA sAthenA maitrI saMbaMdho lakSamAM laI aMgreja janaralane vacce rAkhI pezavAnI mulAkAta levA nakkI karyuM. khaMbhAtanI aMgreja kaThInA vaDA mi. arkina mAraphate pote dariyA mAge khaMbhAtathI muMbaI thaI puNe javA paravAnagI magAvI. muMbaInA janarala mi. buziyare paravAnagI ApatAM meminakhAna khaMbhAtamAM pitAnI jagAe nAyaba tarIke muhamada jhamAnane nImI surata tarapha ravAnA thayA (tA. 2 jI eprila, 1759).35 suratanA hAkema pensaranuM Atithya mANI e muMbaI pahoMcyo. tyAM janarala buziyaranA mahemAna tarIke rahI eNe janaralanI saMmatithI pezavA bAlAjIrAvane patra lakhI puNe tarapha AvavAne paravAne bhAgyA ne e maLavAnI rAha jovA lAgyo. 7 haLavada 5ra caDAI sadAziva rAmacaMdra lImaDI jaI tyAM yuddhane Ataza saLagAvI baLapUrvaka

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~3 [ ] pezavA bAlAjI AjIrAvanA amala [ 73 mukarara karelI pezakaza udharAvI. A rakama laI enA mukhya kArabhArI tAtyA amadAvAda ravAnA thayA. sadAzivarAva tyAMthI dhrAMgadhrA gayA. A vakhate tyAMnA rAjA bhAbhAjI( gajasaMha) haLavada rahetA hatA, te enI rANI jIjInA dhrAMgadhrAmAM enA pati vatI rAjya karatI hatI, e baMne marAThAone ApavAnI khaMDaNI ardhoadha ApatAM hatAM.37o marAThAonuM dhrAMgadhrA para AkramaNa thavAnA samAcAra maLatAM bhAbhAjIe haLavadathI thADA lAkane yuddhanI sAmagrI ApI marAThA sAme dhrAMgadhra mAkahyA ne pAte haLavadamAM saMgaThita lazkara laI taiyAra beThA. AthI marAThA saradAra bhagavAnanI salAha mujaba sadAziva rAmacaMdre eka rAtre (2 7 eprila, 1759 )38 haLavada para ekAeka chApA mAryo. haLavadanA kATane gherI laIne killAnA daravAjA sAme hAthIe doDAvI e teADAvI nakhAvyA temaja tApanA gALA cheADI killAmAM khAmAM pADI dIdhAM. sidhI ane arakhAne AgaLa karIne zaheramAM pravezelA marAThA sainye Thera Thera lUlUMTaphATa karavA mAMDI.38 rAjagaDhamAM Azraya laI rahelA bhAbhAjIne zaraNe lAvavA gaDhane marAThI pheAje gherI lIdheA. paristhiti sAme TakI nahi zakAya ema lAgatAM bhAbhAjI marAThI subA sadAziva rAmacaMdrane zaraNe AvyA. mAe lUTaphATa aTa kAvI dIdhI. rAjAne keda pakaDavAmAM AvyeA ne pezakaza ane daMDa tarIke kula 1,20,000 cUkavI na Ape tyAM sudhI cheADavAnI nA pADI ne ene sAthe laI kUca karavA mAMDI. jhAlA rAjavInI A dazAthI anya ThAkArAe DarI jaI sAmA thayA vagara pezakaza ApI dIdhI. tyAMthI sadAziva rAmacaMdra jUnAgaDha tarapha nIkaLI gayeA.39 sacAjIrAvanI sArasnI sulagIrI A vakhate sayAjIrAve paNa seAra jaI damAjI gAyakavADanA hissAnA tAlukAonI jamAbaMdI karI, pezakaza udharAvavA mAMDI. eNe keTalAMka sthaLa lUMTamAM. DalAne eNe gherA dhAlI tyAMnA ThAkAra pAsethI 75,000 rUpiyAnA daMDa vasUlyeA.40 Ama sAraThanI mulakagIrI kaDakAIthI pAra pADI e amadAvAda pAcho pharyo ( 20 mI eprila, 1759 ).41 khaDerAvanI sulagIrI damAjI gAyakavADanA bhAI khaMDerAva naDiyAda rahetA hatA. potAnA hissAmAM AvelA tAlukAomAMthI pezakaza udharAvavA e bahiyala( tA. dahegAma ) thaI -vIjApura paragaNA tarapha nIkaLI gayA. mAmAM eNe gheADAM gAmaDAM paNu lUMTamAM.

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marAThA kAla [ pra. A gAmaDAM javAMmardakhAnanI hakumatanI sarahade AvelAM hovAthI potAnAM gAmaDAMmAM lUMTa na thAya e mATe pATaNathI tAbaDatoba nIkaLI e khaMDerAvanI sAthe joDAyo ane pitAnA tAlukAnI chevaTanI sarahada sudhI sAthe rahyA bAda, khaMDerAvanI rajA laI e pATaNa javA ravAnA thayo. IDara jillAmAM aneka jagyAoethI pezakaza laI khaMDerAva kaDI paragaNAmAM thaI gheLakAnA raste naDiyAda pAcho pharyo.42 sadAziva rAmacaMdranI puNe javAnI taiyArI sadAziva rAmacaMdra junAgaDha tarapha gaye, tyAre tyAM muhammada mahAbatakhAna navAba hate. A agAu zerakhAna bAbInuM mRtyu thatAM jUnAgaDhanA kArabhArI e enA zAhajAdA muhammada mahAbatakhAnane enI jagyAe besADavo hato (tA. 28 mI sapTembara, 1758).43 sadAzivarAva junAgaDhanI paDozamAM pahoMcI gayo hovAthI sAvadha banelA navAba muhammada mahAbatakhAne bacAva mATe pagalAM levA mAMDyAM, paraMtu sadAzivarAvane puNe javAnuM thatAM e jUnAgaDha na jatAM sIdhe amadAvAda pAcho pharyo (tA. 24 mI me, 1759).44 eNe puNe javAnI bhAre taiyArI karI. traNa hAthIo ane ghaNA sarasAmAna sAthe eka lazkarI TukaDI AgaLa ravAnA karavAmAM AvI. e arasAmAM enA mukhya kArabhArI tAtyAnuM avasAna thatAM e ceDA divasa rokAI gayo. tyArabAda saMtejIne pitAnA nAyaba tarIke nImI bhagavAnane eka lazkarI TukaDI ApI enI sahAyatAmAM mUkyo. haLavada tathA anya jagyAethI ANelA jAmInanI javAbadArI paNa bhagavAnane ropavAmAM AvI. tyArabAda e puNe javA ravAnA thayA hatA. 4 thI jana 1759).45 e pachI haLavadana rAjA 1,20,000 rUpiyA ApI . thaI vatana pAchA gayA. luNAvADAnA ThAkora dIpasiMga pAsethI daMDa ane jAmInane mukta karavA peTe eka hAthI, sAta ghoDA, DuM kApaDa ane bAkInuM rokaDa nANuM levAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM ne e badhuM levA mATe bhagavAne sarasarAmane mokalyo.46 suratamAM hullaDa 1759 nA ogasTa mAsamAM suratamAM komI hullaDa thayuM. amadAvAdamAM marAThAonuM prabhutva vaccenA thoDA samayane bAda karatAM eka dAyakAthI pravartu hevAthI tyAM zaheramAM gaNezacatuthIne divase pitAnA paraMparAgata rivAja anusAra gaNezanI mUrti banAvI marAThA enI nirdhArita divaso sudhI pUjA karI pachI

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2 juM ] pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane amala [ 75. devayAtrA kADhI chevaTe sAbaramatImAM enuM visarjana karatA. suratamAM navAbanA prabhutvane laI tyAM marAThA AvI devayAtrA kADhI zakatA nahi. saiyada ane pezavA bAlAjIrAvanI sahAyathI sattA prApta karI hovAthI have suratamAM paNa AvI devayAtrA kADhavAmAM bAdha nahi Ave ema tyAMnA marAThI makakAsadAra paMDitane lAgyuM. AthI e varSe eNe gaNezacatuthI (tA. 27 ogasTa, 1759) e dhAmadhUmathI ujavavAnuM nakkI karyuM. e paMDitanA ghara sAmenA medAnamAM nAnI masjida AvelI hatI. e masjidavALA medAnane yogya gaNI tyAM mUrti padharAvI tenI pUjA karavAmAM AvI ne rAja meTI saMkhyAmAM darzanAthIo UmaTavA lAgyA. masjidamAM mUrtipUjA thAya che evI aphavA phelAtAM suratanA baMdara para avara-javara karatA araba, IrAnI, tuka, rezahilA, habazI vagere paradezI musalamAna uzkerAyA ne teoe pitAnA dIna-ImAnanuM rakSaNa karavA zahera-kAjIne AgaLa karI e jagyA para AkramaNa karyuM. mUtine phagAvI devAmAM AvI ane paMDitane gharane luMTI levAmAM AvyuM. paMDite AnuM vera levA zahera bahAra jaI baMDa karavA vicAryuM. paraMtu miyAM saiyada accanane A ghaTanAnI jANa thatAM eNe paMDitanI mAphI mAgI ene manAvI lIdho. 4che. vADAzinera-vijaya vADAsinerane hAkema saradAra muhammadakhAna kAcI buddhino hato. tethI zerakhAne sarasarAmane eno kArabhArI banAvyo hato. paNa sulatAna nAmanA habazInI caDhavaNIthI eNe sarasarAmane kADhI mUkI sulatAnane kArabhArI banAvyo hate. A kArabhArI sulatAnane vADAsinora paranA AkramaNa vakhate sadAziva rAmacaMdra pitAnI sAthe 30,000 rUpiyAnA jAmIna tarIke amadAvAda laI gayo hato. saradAra muhammadakhAne e rakama bharapAI karavA keI tajavIja karI nahi. AthI bhagavAne e rakama meLavavA mATe sulatAnane bhAre yAtanAo ApavA mAMDI. sulatAnanA nAyaba kArabhArI muhammada jahAM habazIe saradAra muhammadakhAnane ghaNo samajAvyo paNa e mAnyo nahi. ane tenAthI vahesAI pote AtarasuMbA jaI rahyo ne nAyaba kArabhArIne kADhavA patarA goThavato rahyo. AthI roSe. bharAyelA sulatAne bhagavAna sAthe maLI jaI vADAzinara kabaje karavA nakkI karyuM. 15 mI sapTembara, 1759 nA roja bhagavAne sulatAnane sAthe rAkhI vADAzinora para AkramaNa karyuM. marAThAo sAme TakI nahi zakAya ema lAgatAM saradAra muhammadakhAna luNAvADA cAlyo gayo. pariNAme vagara virAdhe vADAsinora para marAThAone kabaje thaI gayA (tA. 20 mI sapTembara, 1759).

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marAThA kAla [pra. sulatAna sAthenA karAra mujaba marAThAoe tene vADAzinera apAvavA mATe 30,000 rUpiyA ApyA ane jene dastAveja rada karI ene jAmInagIrImAMthI chUTa karavAmAM Avyo. vaLI pazAka ApI enuM bahumAna paNa karavAmAM AvyuM. tene, mahammada jahAMne tathA anya sipAIone tyAM nokarImAM rAkhI levAyA. killA tathA rAjagaDhamAMthI te, dArUgoLa vagere aneka cIjavastuo hAtha lAgI te japta karavAmAM AvI. tyAMthI bhagavAna e paragaNAno baMdobasta karavA thoDA divasa vIrapura zekAya. sarasarAma luNAvADAthI eka hAthI, sAta ghoDA ane nagara nANuM laI vIrapura AvI pahoMce. AthI dIpasiMganA jAmInane chUTo karavAmAM Avyo. tyAra bAda vADAzinarane vahIvaTa pitAnA putra kALune seMpIne bhagavAna kheDA thaI seraTha tarapha pezakaza ugharAvavA ravAnA thayo. A vakhate luNuMvADAthI prApta thayela hAthI ane gheDA amadAvAda saMtejI pAse mokalI ApavAmAM AvyA.49 amadAvAdanA banAve sadAziva rAmacaMdranA amadAvAda paranA AkramaNa vakhate thayelA ramakhANa vakhate sAraMgapuranA raNachoDajI maMdiranI mukhya mUrtine bacAvavA brAhmaNa anyatra laI gayA hatA. teoe e ja vistAramAM eka makAna kharIdI emAM e mUrtine ANI pratiSThita karI.pa0 A arasAmAM sayAjIrAvanA hissA(jamAlapura)nA vistAramAM bajAramAM dArUnA vepArIoe jAhera rIte dArUnA pIThAM tyAM hatAM. AthI bIjAone bedhapATha maLe e mATe saMtajIe e paikInA traNa vepArIone pakaDI topanA meM e bAMdhI uDADI dIdhA. AthI dhaDe laI anya vepArIoe jAhera pIThAM turata baMdha karI dIdhAM. e gAyakavADanA hissAne vahIvaTa nAyaba pade rahIne sevakarAma karate hato. tene khaseDIne damAjIe enA sthAne cuMbaka mukuMdane mUke. cuMbaka mukuMdavatI mahIpatarAve naDiyAdathI AvIne pitAnI kAmagIrI saMbhALI lIdhI.pa1 pezakazanI vasUlAta bhagavAna soraThamAMthI pezavAnA hissAnI pezakaza ugharAvI pAcho vaLyo. bhagavAne vADAzinera lIdhAnI sadAziva rAmacaMdra mAraphate pezavAne jANa thatAM pezavAe khuza thaI luNAvADAthI prApta karela hAthI, ane vADAzinAranI

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da je ] pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane amala [ 77, sanada bhagavAnane ApavavAno Adeza karyo. saMtajIe e Adeza anusAra, hAthI bhagavAnane soMpI dIdho. A vakhate sayAjIrAva pezakaza ugharAvavA dhoLakA tarapha ravAnA thayo (tA. 24, jAnyu. 1760).para dAmAjIrAve mokalela pezakAra harabArAma paNa enI sAthe joDAyo.53 menikhAne lIdhelI pezavAnI mulAkAta puNe gayelA mominakhAnanuM pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAve umaLakAbhera svAgata karyuM. ene umadA utAro Apyo. pezavA potAnA ucca saradArane laIne mominakhAnane utAre maLavA gaye. mominakhAne paNa teonuM svAgata karI kImatI kApaDa, ratnajaDita AbhUSaNo, ghoDA vagerenI bheTanI pezavA, raghunAtharAva, sadAziva rAva samazera bahAdura ane vizvAsarAvane navAjeza karI teone prasanna karyA. e be mAsa rekAI jaLamArge muMbaI thaI surata AvI pahoMcyo (13 mI jAnyuArI, 1760).54 tyAMthI e sthaLamArge khaMbhAta pahoMcyo.55 gAyakavADI mulagIrI gAyakavADane zahera nAyaba cuMbaka mukuMda nimAyo hato. e amadAvAda AvI pahoMcyo (tA. 20 mI phebruArI 1960) ane pitAnI vahIvaTI kAmagIrI bajAvavA lAgyo. gAyakavADanA hise AvelA kaDI tathA anya mahAlanI jamAbaMdI karavA ane mahesUla vasUla karavA khaMDerAva pharato hato. tyAMthI e sarakheja thaI dhoLakA gayo. tyAMthI bahiyala (tA. dahegAma) tAbAnA dahegAmanA keLIoe baMDa karyuM hovAthI e tyAM gayo. gAyakavADanA hissAnI pezakaza ugharAvavA seraTha gayela sayAjIrAva tyAMnuM kAma patAvI gohilavADa gayo. tyAM taLAjAne gherI enA ThAkora pAse daMDa peTe eka lAkha rUpiyA levAnuM nakkI karI e mATe saddhara jAmIna lIdho. A vakhate enI tabiyata lathaDatAM e amadAvAda Avyo. tethI bAkInI jamAbaMdI karavAnuM ane pezakaza ugharAvavAnuM kAma karavA zikAra harabArAma lazkara laI ravAnA thayo.pachI vADAzinera mukta karAvavAnuM niSphaLa kAvataruM vADAzineramAM marAThAonI karI bajAvatA sulatAna habazI tathA muhammada jahAMne teoe potAnA mAlikane karelA dagAthI lake dhikkAratA hatA. vaLI killo apAvavA mATe teone marAThAo pAsethI maLelA trIsa hajAramAMthI parata nakkI

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"78 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. karAvavA mATe vacce rahelA dalAlee ThIka ThIka rakama hakasAI (dalAlI) peTe paDAvI lIdhI hatI. AthI emane khAsa kaMI maLyuM paNa nahotuM. vADAzinarane marAThA hAkema kALu temane khAsa gaNato paNa nahato. AvI sthitimAM teoe zerakhAna bAbInuM potAnA paranuM RNa smarIne saradAra muhammadakhAnane punaH vaDAzinara apAvavA nakkI karyuM. e vakhate saradAra muhammadakhAna javAMmarda khAna pAse pATaNa hato. sulatAna tathA muhammada jahAMe pATaNa patra lakhI potAnA mAlikanI mAphI mAga ane saradArane punaH vADAzinara levA lebhAvate patra lakhyo. saradAra muhammada tathA javAMmardakhAne emane dhanyavAda Apato pratyuttara pAThavyA paNa A pratyuttarane kAgaLa bhagavAnanA putra kALunA hAthamAM AvI jatAM eNe sulatAna tathA muhammada jahAMne temanAM kuTuMbIo tathA saMbaMdhIo sahita pakaDI lIdhA ne teonI tamAma mAlamilakata japta karI lIdhI. A aMgenI kALae bhagavAnane khabara karI. evAmAM sUbA sadAziva rAmacaMdra taraphathI peTalAda paragaNAnI mokUpha rahelI jamAbaMdI ane vahIvaTI vyavasthA karavAno Adeza AvatA bhagavAna peTalAda gaye ane tyAM kAma ATopI e vADAsinora pahoMcyo. eNe mArgamAM mahIkAMThA paranAM keTalAMka gAmaDAM tUTavAM.58 joI vere ane anya anyAyI verA nAyaba saMtejInA nAnA bhAI rAghunA dIkarAne joI ApavA mATe enI dAdI (saMtejInI mA) amadAvAda laI AvI. A prasaMge eka kArabhArInI salAhathI najarANA(cAMllA) tarIke moTI rakama loko pAsethI kaDhAvavAnuM saMtejIe nakkI karyuM. vasUla levAnI e rakama sipAIo, judIjudI vepArI koNe ane kArIgarone bhAge phALavI daI emanI pAsethI e rakama vasUla levAmAM AvI. vasUlAta karavA mATe alaga mANase paNa nImavAmAM AvelA. lekamAM A veza "janoI-verA"ne nAme oLakhAyo.59 agAu keTalIka komamAM punarlagna (nAtara) thatAM tyAre evA vakhate keTavAlane vega Apavo paData. auraMgajhebe A vero rada karAvyo hato. saMtajIe e punaH cAlu karyo ne dareka punarlagna mATe savA rUpiyAne kara TharAvavAmAM Avyo. koTavAlane cabutare e kara ApavAthI ja bIjo pati karavAnI chUTa maLI zaktI. vaLI lagna mATe koI jAna zahera bahAra (kaI gAma ke kasbAmAM) jAya te tenI pAsethI cAra rUpiyA ane lagna mATe zaheramAM AvatI bahAranI jAna pAsethI zrIphaLanI kiMmatanA gaNu dasa AnA verA tarIke vasUla levAtA. prajAmAM A verAo dAkhala karavAthI bhAre asaMtoSa phelAyo.

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pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane amala anya ghaTanAo bahiyala paragaNAnA baMDakhera koLIone jera karavA gayele khaMDerAva kamosamane laIne niSphaLa nIvaDatAM naDiyAda pAcho pharyo. khaMDerAvanI niSphaLatAthI vakarelA koLIoe vaTemArguone ane musApharone lUMTI levAmAM koI kasara rAkhI nahi. vADAsinoranI vyavasthA karI sulatAna tathA muhammada jahAMne keda pakaDI bhagavAna teone pitAnI sAthe amadAvAda laI AvyA hatA. 4-6-1760).1 A ja divase pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAve gujarAtanA sUbedArapade sadAziva rAmacaMdranA sthAne ApA gaNezane nImyo. 2 sUbedAra ApAjI gaNeza (1760 thI laga. 1770) ApA gaNeza e vakhate jaMbusara ane makabUlAbAda(Ameda) paragaNune pezavAI makkAsadAra hato ne e vakhate puNe hato. AthI eNe pitAnA nAyaba tarIke bApu nArAyaNane nImI amadAvAda ravAnA karyo. pezavA ane gAyakavADanA pratinidhio vacce athaDAmaNa daramyAnamAM amadAvAdamAM gAyakavADanA nAyaba yaMbaka mukuMda ane saMtejI vacce athaDAmaNa thaI. amadAvAdanI UpajamAM pezavA ane gAyakavADa baMnene hisso sarakhe bhAge hatA, paNa keTalAka vakhatathI pezavAnA nAyaba taraphathI karAra mujabane aDadho hisso maLato nahatuM. AthI cuMbaka mukuMde kharca peTe gAyakavADe zivAnA ApavAnA thatA 6,000 rUpiyA ApavAmAM irAdApUrvaka vilaMba karavA mAMDyo. AthI baMne nAyaba vacce saMgharSa jAge. bhagavAnanI saradArI nIce saMtajIe cuMbakanA ghara para sainikonI TukaDI mekalI. baMne pakSe nAnI laDAI thaI, jemAM topa ane baMdUkano prayoga paNa thayo. paraMtu baMne pakSonA hitecchuoe vacce paDI laDAI aTakAvI ne samAdhAna karAvyuM (tA. 5-91760). 3 satejInI vidAya bApu nArAyaNa tA. 23-9-1760 nA roja amadAvAda AvI pahoMcyo ne eNe satejI pAsethI zaherane kabaje mAgyo. e mATe pitAnA adhikAra patra paNa rajU karyA. pa paNa mahAlanI Upaja ane sipAIonA pagAranI bAbatamAM matabheda paDatAM saMtajIe kevaLa havelI paragaNAne havala bApu nArAyaNane se.

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80] marAThA kAla [ vDA divasa bAda sainike e pitAnA pagAranI vasUlAta levA mATe bhadra para AkramaNa karI saMtejIne gherI lIdhe. saMtejIe AvI sthitimAM bApu nArAyaNane bolAvI. zaherane kabaje seMpI dIdho. tyAra bAda e puNe javA ravAnA thaze. e enI sAthe vADAsinoranA sulatAna habazI ane muhammada jahAMne sAMkaLe bAMdhI sAthe laI jaI rahyo hato, temane araba jamAdAra abdullA jhubedIe cheDAvyA. ApA gaNeze amadAvAda AvatAM mArgamAM khaMbhAta rAjyanA rAzI paragaNAmAM AvelA umeTAnA ThAkorane parAjita karI tenI pAsethI 11,000 rUpiyAno daMDa vasUlyA. tyAMthI jaMbusara pAse Avela dehavAnanA baMDakhera keLIone jera karavA gayA. tyAMthI khaMbhAta jaI navAba mominakhAnane maLI pezavAnA hissAnA 84,000 rUpiyA navAba pote hatethI cUkavI Apaze evI. enI pAsethI kabUlAta lIdhI. khaMbhAtathI ApA gaNeza ThAsarA paragaNAmAM AvelA DAkoranA suprasiddha maMdiranA darzane gayo. te 11 mI jAnyuArI, 1761 nA roja pATanagara amadAvAda pahoMcyo che tyAM baMdobasta goThavI e tarata pezakaza ugharAvavA nIkaLI paDyo. 8 pANIpatamAM marAThAonI hArane gujarAtamAM baLavAnI taiyArI A vakhate pANIpatanA medAnamAM marAThA saradAro ane aphaghAna sulatAna ahamadazAha abdAlI vacce jaMga khelAtuM hatuM. gujarAtanA marAThA saradAre. paNa emAM bhAga levA gayA hatA. pANIpatanA yuddhamAM marAThAonI hAra thatAM temaNe paMjAba pradeza gumAvyo tenI sAthe temanI dhAka ane hAka paNa ghaTI gaI. AvI sthitimAM mughalee gujarAta ane mALavA jevA potAnA pradeze punaH prApta karI levA peravI karavA mAMDI. AnA saMdarbhamAM 14 mI phebruArI, 1761 nA roja lakhAyeluM ane zujAuddalAnI mahera dharAvatuM tema mominakhAnane saMbodheluM pharamAna khaMbhAta AvI pahoMcyuM. A pharamAna dvArA marAThAonA kAramA parAjayanA ane teo medAna choDIne nAsI gayA hovAnA samAcAra meminakhAnane maLyA. mominakhAnane gujarAtanA sUbAmAMthI marAThAone hAMkI kADhavAno Adeza apAya. vaLI dilhIthI pATaNane javAMmardakhAna para ane bharUcanA nekanAmakhAna para patro pAThavI teoe mominakhAnane sahAya karavI e hukama thayo. meminakhAne amadAvAda para caDAI karavA turata rehilAo, araba ane bhAratIyonuM baneluM cha hajAranuM lazkara saMgaThita karI lIdhuM. muhammada lAla ane jamAdAra salIma paNa have tenI sAthe joDAI gayA. mominakhAna amadAvAda

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che je ]. pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane amala [ 81 pahoMcatAM pite turata ja enI sAthe joDAI jaze evo javAMmardakhAne meminakhAna para saMdezo pAThavyo. nekanAmakhAne paNa lazkarI taiyArIo karavA mAMDI. bIjI bAju minakhAna mughala bAdazAhanuM zAhI lazkara gujarAtamAMthI marAThAone hAMkI kADhavA cheka mALavAmAM AvI pahoMcyuM che evA samAcAra sAMbhaLavA roja utsuka hatA. 9 sUbedAranAM jhaDapI vaLatAM pagalAM marAThAo viruddhanA baLavAnI A taiyArInA samAcAra vAyuvege samagra gujarAtamAM prasarI gayA. amadAvAdanA loko mominakhAnanA amalanA chellA samaya (I. sa. 1756-57) daramyAna paDelI hAlAkIne yAda karIne bhayabhIta banI gayA. A samAcAra saurASTranI pezakaza ugharAvavAmAM parovAyelA sUbedAra ApAchA gaNezane maLatAM e tAbaDatoba pitAnI TukaDI sAthe khaMbhAta tarapha dhasI gayo. khaMbhAtathI sAta-ATha keza dUra paDAva nAkhI eNe baLavAnI pravRttionAM kAraNa jANavA mominakhAna pAse eka brAhmaNane mokale. mominakhAne jaNAvyuM ke huM marAThA senApati bhagavAnane oLakhuM chuM, tene mokale te huM kAraNa jaNAvuM ane bhagavAnane mokalavAmAM AvatAM mominakhAne ene dilhIthI AveluM pharamAna batAvyuM. eNe marAThAo sAthenI dostInA dAve sUcavyuM ke zAhI la kara A sUbAmAM AvI pahoMce e pahelAM amadAvAda sepI marAThAoe dakSiNamAM cAlyA javuM hitAvaha che, kAraNa ke pheja AvI pahoMcyA pachI nadI pAra UtaravAnA mArga ke ghATa baMdha thaI jaze te pachI mArA akhatyAranI vAta raheze nahi. paNa ApAjI gaNeza karyo nahi ne eNe baLavAne kacaDI nAkhavA nirdhAyuM. eNe peTalAdamAM chAvaNI nAkhI khaMbhAta tAbAnAM gAmaDAM lUMTI levA lakarane Adeza Apyo. tyAM bhagavAna ane viThThalarAvane TukaDInI saradArI soMpI e amadAvAda gayo.* ApA gaNeze amadAvAdathI keTalIka TukaDIo viThThalarAva ane bhagavAnanI sahAyamAM mokalI ApI, javAMmardakhAna bAbIne pitAnI madade belAvavA rAdhuzaMkara nAmanA mANasane ravAnA karyo. ApA gaNezanI seraThanI mulakagIrI savArI daramyAna gumAveluM pitAnuM luNAvADAnuM rAjya saradAra muhammadakhAne koLIonI madadathI pAchuM hastagata karI lIdhuM hatuM, AthI sarasarAmane luNAvADe ekalI kaI paNa rIte saradAra I-7-6

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82 ] jADA kAla muhammadakhAna sAthe samAdhAna thAya ane marAThAnA pezakazanA hakka e svIkAre e mATe ApAjI prayatna karavA lAgyo.72 evAmAM tA. pa-4-1761 nA roja3 sulatAna ahamadazAha abdAlInA bhAratamAMthI pAchA pharyAnA ane mAjI gAyakavADa gvAliyarane raste pitAnI senA sAthe pAcho AvI rahyo hovAnA samAcAra phelAtAM marAThA utsAhamAM AvI gayA. damAjI gAyakavADa, khaMDerAva ane sayAjIrAva traNeya AvI ApAjI gaNezane maLyA. teoe sAthe maLI eka saMgaThita senA taiyAra karI. meminakhAnane damAjI gAyakavADa AvavAnA samAcAra maLatAM eNe tAbaDatoba amadAvAda eka gupta kAsada mokalI pezavAnI sattAne gujarAtamAMthI nAbUda karavAnI bAbatamAM enuM mana jANavA prayatna karyo. pezavA bAlAjIrAve gujarAtanA mukha jItI laI hastagata karyo hato te dAjIrAvane khUMcatuM hatuM ema chatAM A vakhate eNe pezavA sAthe rahevAmAM ja pitAnuM zreya mAnyuM. pitAnI vaphAdArInI bAbatamAM sUbedArane kaI vahema na Ave e mATe mArA pitAnA putra goviMdarAvane satvara TukaDI ApI viThThalarAva pAse ravAnA karyo. peTalAdanI marAThA chAvaNIe tArApura vagere gAme lUMTIne tema khaMbhAtanI araba rAhilA vagere TukaDIone harAvIne mominakhAnane bhAre mUMjhavaNamAM mUkI dIdho. evAmAM momina khAne damAjIrAva pAse mokalele kAsada pAcho AvI pahoMcyo. damAjIrAva pAsethI koI protsAhaka pratyuttara nahi maLatAM e daMDa thaI gayo. eNe marAThAo sAthe saMdhi karI ane tadanusAra pitAnA rAjyamAM marAThA bhAsadArone punaH nokarI para laI levAnI ane karAra pramANenI pAchalI sAlanI caData rakama bharapAI karI ApavAnI khAtarI ApI. eNe aneka lekene lazkaramAM bharatI karelA temane caData pagAra cUkavavAnA hatA. e mATe eNe "ghara gaNatarI nA ghara dITha vera vasUla lIdho ane emAMthI e pagAra cUkavI ghaNane nokarImAMthI chUTA karyA.74 ApA gaNeza vaDedare jaI (tA. 1-6-1761)5 mAjIrAvane maLI kheDA game tyAre sarasarAma vADAzinerathI saradAra muhammadakhAnane laI AvyuM hovAthI tyAM emanI mulAkAta thaI. mulAkAtane aMte ema TharyuM ke muhammadakhAne amadAvAda javuM ane potAnI sAthe marAThAonI aDadhI rakama ugharAvavA makAsadArane laI javo. A vakhate viThThalarAva ane bhagavAna peTalAdathI chAvaNa uThAvI mahemadAvAda pahoMcyA ane gAyakavADano nAyaba vyaMbaka mukuMda vaDodarA damAjIrAvane maLavA pahoMcI gayo. gAyakavADane zikAra harabArAma seraThanI gAyakavADI hissAnI pezakaza ugharAvI vaDodarA ravAnA thayo.76

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pezavA bAlAcha bAjIrAvane amala ( 8 pANIpatanA medAnamAM marAThAonA kAramA parAjayathI AghAta pAmelA pezavA bAlAjIrAvanuM tA. 12-6-1761 nA roja avasAna thatAM 77 enA pachI ene putra mAdhavarAva 1le pezavA bane. pAdaTIpa 1. A. K. Forbes, Ras-mala, p. 569 2. maganalAla vakhatacaMda, amadAvAdano itihAsa', pR. 38 A karAranI vigato mATe juo Commissariat, A History of Gujarat, Vol. II, p. 544. 3. hIrAlAla tribhuvanadAsa pArekha, arvAcIna gujarAtanuM rekhAdarzana', pR. 45 ja. 18, bIjo jamAdI mAsa, hi. sa. 1171 5. momina khAna sAthe je keTalAka amaladAra potAnA kuTuMbakabIlA sAthe kAyama mATe zahera choDI cAlI nIkaLyA te paikI salIma jamAdAra mukhya hatA. 6. 3, rajaba ul murajajaba mAsa, hi. sa. 1171 $24. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency (GBP), Vol. I, pt.I, p. 342 7. "mirAte ahamadI', va. 2 (gu. anu. ku mo. jhaverI), (mi), khaMDa 4, pR. 653-56 8. marAThAoe 1756 mAM amadAvAda gumAvyuM te pachI mominakhAna pAsethI e pAchuM meLavavA pezavA taraphathI sadAziva dAdara senA sAthe gujarAtamAM AvyuM hatuM ne e sadAziva rAmacaMdra ane damAjI gAyakavADanI madadamAM joDAyo hato. 9. zaMbhurAma nAgara brAhmaNa hato. eNe momina khAnane amadAvAda levAmAM sahAya karI hatI, AthI mominakhAne ene potAno nAyaba banAvyo hato (17pa6). marAThAoe amadAvAda punaH prApta karavA zaherane ghero ghAlyo tyAre zaMbhurAme zaherane jambara bacAva karyo hato, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa eka vAra zaheranA koTanI bahAra nIkaLI sadAziva rAmacaMdranI chAvaNI para ociMte chApo mArI AkhI chAvaNa lUMTI lIdhelI, AthI marAThAo enA para khUba roSe bharAyA hatA. ge. hA. desAI, "gujarAtane arvAcIna ItihAsa', pR. 191-96 10. miA, khaMDa 4, pR. 656-57 45. 3GP, Vol. I, pt. I, p. 342 11. mia, naM. 4, 5, 660; M.S, Commissariat, op. cit, Vol. II, p. 545; vi. no. ghora, gujharAtI mAThI navara", 5. 76 12. 8, savala mAsa, hi. sa. 1171 13. mia, naM. 4, pR.668; H. W. Bell, The History of Kathiawad, p. 132 14. e khaMbhAtane nAmAMkita zrImaMta vepArI hato. meminakhAna enI pAsethI vAraMvAra moTI rakame vagara vyAje karaje leto. juo mia, naM. 4. pR. 661. 15. ejana, 5, 661-19; Commissariat, op. cit, Vol. II, pp. 546 .

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- 84] marAThA kAla [pra. 16. misa, khaM. 4, pR 169 GBP, Vol. I, pt. I, p. 342; vorA, 3patA, pR. 76 17. 26, jhilahajaja, hi. sa. 1171 18. mia, naM. 4, pR. 670; BGP, Vol. I, pt. I, p. 342 19. 18, mahArama, hi. sa. 1172 20. 25, mahArama, hi. sa. 1172 21. mia, naM. 4, pR. 671 22 23, mahArama, hi. sa. 1172 , kemisariyete A miti barAbara 28 mI sapTebara batAvI che (op. cit, Vol. II, p. 547), paNa e divase sapTebaranI 26 mI tArIkha hatI. 23. zrI bAbarekare potAnA pustaka garatI marAThI navaranA pR. 76 upara khaMbhAtane banAva I. sa. 158 mAM banyo hovAnuM ne e ja graMthanA pR. 54 upara pachInA varSa (eTale ke I. sa. 1759 mAM ) banyuM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che, paNa hakIkate A ghaTanA banI tyAre hijarInuM varSa 1172 thoDA divasa pahelAM ja beThuM hatuM, jyAre IsavIsananuM varSa to 1758 pravartamAna ja hatuM. 24. vADAzinera paragaNuM mughala bAdazAha auraMgajhebanA vakhatamAM tyAMnA phejadAra salAbata muhammadakhAna bAbIne (enA vatana tarIke) jAgIramAM maLyuM hatuM. dilhInA mArga para AveluM hovAthI enuM viziSTa mahatva hatuM. koLI lokonAM vakhatovakhata thatAM baMne dAbavA salAbatakhAne tyAM majabUta gaDha bAMdhyo hato. vADAsinora uparAMta vIrapura paragaNuM paNa ene ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. enA avasAne ene putra zerakhAna bAbI A pradezano jAgIradAra banyo hato. e jhAjho vakhata ghoghA ane jUnAgaDha raheto hovAthI A vistArane vahIvaTa e potAnA nAyaba mAraphate 2141921 Gal ( Commissariat, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 550 ). 25-26. mia, naM. 4, pR. 672-73; Commissariat, pp. cit, Vol. II, p. 548 27. e javAMmardakhAnano bhAI hato ne ene javAMmardakhAne vIsalanagaranI jAgIra ApI hatI. 28. miA, khaM, 4, pR 672-73 29. edalajI barajorajI paTela, " suratanI tavArIkha" pR. 75; accananI sattA-prApti aMgenI vigato mATe, juo mia, naM. 4, pR. 675-79. 30. 5, pahele jamAdI mAsa, hi. sa. 1172 31. mia, naM. 4, 5, 674; tAlemahaMmadakhAna, "pAlaNapura rAjyane itihAsa", bhA. 1, pR. 207; Commissariat, op. cit, Vol. II, p. 548 32. 9, bIje jamAdI mAsa, hi. sa. 1172 33-34. mia, naM. 4, pR. 675 35. GBP, Vol. I, pt. I, p. 343; go. hA. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 199-200, vigato mATe juo mia, naM. 4, pR. 679-83. 36. 4, zAbAna mAsa, hi. sa. 1172

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pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane amala [ 8. A divase sadAziva rAmacaMdra haLavada upara AkramaNa karI rahyo hato. juo A pachIno vRttAMta. 37. mikha, khaM. 4, pR. 684-85; GBP, Vol. I, pt. I, p. 343; Commiss ariat, Vol. II, pp. 549 f. 37. H. W. Bell, op. cit, p. 131 38. 4, zAbAna mAsa, hi. sa1172 38. amadAvAdanA chevaTanA mughala sUbedAranA samayamAM thatI satata lazkarI pravRtti othI vikSubdha banela vAtAvaraNamAM keTalAka zrImaMta haLavada jaI vasyA hatA, ene laIne haLavada samRddha banyuM hatuM. A zrImaMtone marAThAoe lUMTI lIdhA. Commissariat, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 549 39. miA, pR. 685-87; GBP, Vol. I, pt. I, p, 344; C. Mayne, History of the Dhrangadhra State, p. 114, Commissariat, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 548 f. 40. mia, naM. 4, pR. 1876 GBP,Vol. I, pt. I, p. 344 41. 22, zAbAna mAsa, hi. sa. 1172 42. mia, naM. 4, pR. 687-88 43. ejana, pR. 672, e divase hi. sa. 1172 nA maherama mAsanI 25 mI tArIkha hatI. 44. ejana, pR. 688. e divase hi. sa. 1172 nA ramajhAna mahinAnI 27 mI tArIkha hatI. 45. 8, zavala, hi. sa. 117ra 46. sarasarAma jUnAgaDhanA zerakhAna bAbI taraphathI vADAzinara mukAme nimAyelo phojadAra hato. mia, naM. 4, pR. 688 46a. 3, mahorama, ha. sa. 1173 47. mia, naM. 4, 689-90 48. 22, maherama, hi. sa. 1173 49. miA, pR. 690-93; Commissariat, 0p. eit, p. 551 50-5e. ejana, pR. 193; Ibid, p. 554 Aje paNa e maMdira raNachoDajInA maMdira tarIke prakhyAta che. 51. ejana, pR. 696 para. 5, bIjo jamAdI mAsa, hi. sa. 1173 53. mia, naM. 4, pR. 703; GBP, Vol. I, pt. I, p. 344 54. ra4, pahelo jamAdI mAsa, hi. sa. 1173 zrI ka. mA. jhaverIe AnA barAbara 7 mI jAnyuArI, 1160 sUcavI che. (mia, naM. 4, pR. 705), paNa e divase e varSanA jAnyuArInI 13 mI tArIkha hatI.

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marAThA kAla. [ pra. 55. mia, naM. 4, pR. 705, GBP, Vol. I, pt. I, p. 344; Commissariat, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 550 56. 3, rajaba mAsa, hi. sa. 1173 57. mia, naM. 4, pR. 706; Commissariat, Vol. II, p. 655 58, ejana, 5, 706-08; Ibid, pp. 551 f, 59-60. ejana, pR. 708-09; Ibid, pp. 555 . 6. 18, zavala mAsa, hi. sa, 1173 nA reja - juo ejana, pR. 709. vADAzinara apAvavA sulatAna habazIne 30,000 rUpiyA ApavAmAM AvyA hatA, paNa eNe bagAvata karI hovAthI saMtajIe e rakama pAchI meLavavA mATe sulatAna ane muhamada jahone kedakhAnAmAM nAkhI ribAvyA. ejana, pR. 710 62. ejana, pR. 711 63. ejana, pR. 710-11 e divase hi. sa. 1174 nA saphara mAsanI 4thI tArIkha hatI. 14. ra2, saphara, hi. sa. 1174 65. miA, khaM. 4, pR. 711 66, ejana, pR. 712-13 67. 4, bIje jamAdI mAsa. hi. sa. 1174 68. misa, khaM. 4, pR. 714-15; Commissariat, pp. cit., Vol. II, p. 556 69. ejana, pU. 74ra; Ibid, p. 557 70. ejana, pR. 743-44; Ibid., p. 558 71. mia, naM. 4, pR. 741 72. ejana, pR. 744 73. 10, ramajhAna, hi. sa. 1174 74. ejana, pR. 744-46 75. 8, grilakA, hi sa. 1174 76. mia, naM. 4, pR. 746-47 77. ejana, pR. 748; 19, jhilakAda, hi. sa. 1174 nA roja,

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prakaraNa 4 pezavAI amala (I. sa. 1961 thI 1780) pezavA mAdhavarAva 1 leA (I. sa. 1761-72 ) A pezavAnA amala daramyAna sUbedAra ane gAyakavADa tee marAThA sattA gujarAtamAM sudRDhapaNe sthApI hAvAthI nAnAM chamakalAMone bAda karatAM rajavADAM ke kALInAM khaMDa baLavA thayAnuM jaNAtu nathI. pezavA ane gAyakavADanA hahissA pUrvavat cAlu rahyA. A kAla daramyAna gAyakavADanA rAjakIya prabhAva pezavAne mukAbale vadhate jate jaNAya che. sUbedAra ApAjI gaNeza (1797 sudhI) pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAve gujarAtanA sukhedArane pade nImelA ApAjI gaNezane mAdhavarAve e hAddA para cAlu rAkhyA. e potAnA A haddA para I. sa. 1767 sudhI cAlu rahyo.1 enI A sUbedArI daramyAna amadAvAda khAte gAyakavADanA nAyaba tryaMbaka muku Mda hoddA para cAlu rahyo. teo potapotAnA vistArane vahIvaTa karavA uparAMta verA paNa udharAvatA. khedAra pezavAnA hissAnI pezakaza udharAvavA mATe vAraMvAra mulakagIrI savArI karatA. gAyakavADa taraphathI ene pratinidhi ke pezakAra paNa mulakagIrI savArI karatA. A sivAyanI mahattvanI ghaTanAo mukhyatve puNenI pezavAImAM cAlatA akheDA ane AMtarasaMdharSoMnA gujarAtamAM paDatA AdhAta-pratyAdhAta ane emAMthI sarjAtI paristhitine lagatI che, puNenI ghaTanAo pANIpatanI laDAInA pariNAmasvarUpe nijhAme paNa pezavA sAme pradeze! pacAvI pADavAnI pravRtti zarU karI. eNe rAyacUra-deAkhanA phaLadrupa jillA jItavAnuM zarU karyuM. 1761 mAM enA taraphathI vadhu bhIMsa AvI paDatAM ane enI AgekUcane aTakAvavA pezavA mAdhavarAve ane raghunAtharAve damAjI gAyakavADa ane malhArarAva holkarane tAkIde kheAlAvyA. e be jaNu marAThAomAM anubhavI ane prauDha netA tarIke paMkAyelA hatA ane emanA khelane bhAre mahattva ApavAmAM AvatuM. A be netAomAM malhArarAva AMtarika muzkelIonA kAraNe puNe ghaNA moDA paheAMcI zakayo (mArca 1762 ).1a khIjI bAju

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88 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. raghunAtharAve yurApIya tApakhAnuM lazkarI madada tarIke meLavavA mATe IsTa InDiyA *MpanInA muMbaInA adhikArIo sAthe vATAghATo calAvI. eNe aMgrejone gujarAtamAM ja khusara paragaNAnI phaLadrupa jamIna ApavAnI taiyArI batAvI, paraMtu aMgreja adhikArIee sAlaseTa, vasaInagara, ane muMbaInA bArAmAM AvelA nAnA TApuo mATe mAgaNI karI ane emAMthI saheja paNa Adhu levAnI taiyArI na batAvI. pariNAme vATAdhATe tUTI paDI.ra 1762 mAM 16 varSInA pezavA mAdhavarAvanA vAlI tarIke nimAyelA enA kAkA raghunAtharAve rAdheAkhAe) senApatine hAddo jAdhava kuTuMbanA rAmacaMdrane ApyA. senApatinA hAddAmAM vyaktine pheraphAra thayA, paNa gujarAtanA ta MtramAM kaI pheraphAra thayA nahi. joke pezavA mAdhavarAve eka sanada dvArA damAjIrAvane pATaNa bijApura samI muMjapura vaDanagara visanagara siddhapura kherALu ane rAdhanapura marAThI pheAjanA saraMjAma ane kharca mATe ApyAM (mA` 21, 1763).3 TUMka samayamAM mahattvAkAMkSI ane sattAleAbhI raghunAtharAve pezavA mAdhavarAva viruddha khaTapaTA zarU karI. kAkA-bhatrIjA vacce matabhedo vadhatAM chevaTe radhunAtharAve potAnA heddAnuM rAjInAmuM ApyuM te potAnI pravRttie alaga rIte zarU karI. eNe potAnA mATe dasa lAkha rUpiyAnI ki MmatanI svataMtra jAgIra ane pAMca mahattvanA killA mAgyA, paraMtu eneA asvIkAra thatAM eNe gupta pravRttio zarU karI, jemAM eNe jAtAjI bheAMsale ane nijhAmaalIne Teke meLaLyeA.4 Ama me pakSe ekabIjA sAme taiyAra thayA. damAjIrAve rahyunAcarAvanA pakSe joDAvAnuM pasaMda karyuM. mAdhavarAva pezavA ane raghunAtharAva vacce chevaTe tAMduA athavA rAkSasabhuvana muDhDhAme laDAI thaI ( oNgasTa 10, 1763), jemAM pezavAne jvalaMta vijaya thayA. damAjIrAve raghunAtharAvate A laDAImAM bhAre madada karI hatI, AthI pezavA enA para nArAja thayA. sUbedAra gopALarAva (laga. I.sa. 1767-70 ) pezavA taraphathI gujarAtamAM nimAtA sUbedAra tarIke 1767 mAM geApALarAvane amadAvAda mAkalavAmAM AvyA, jeNe 1770 sudhI e pada para rahI kAmagIrI karI.5 eNe amadAvAdamAM sarasapura pAse geApALavADI karAvelI, pezavA mAdhavarAva ane radhunAtharAva vacce raghunAtharAve peAtAnI khaTapaTI pravRttie cAlu rAkhI. mAjIrAva gAyakavADa, jAtAjI bheAMsale ane khIjAe aNabanAva cAlu rahyo. nijhAmaalI, haidaraalI, sAthe vATAghATA calAvI

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pezavAI amala (I.sa. 1761 thI 1780) [ 89 pitAno pakSa Ubho karyo. ene aMgrejonI madadanI paNa khAtarI maLI. enI nAsika mukAmenI A hilacAlanI jANa thatAM pezavA bhAre roSe bharAyo ane pitAnAM lazkarane saMgaThita karI eNe nAsika tarapha kUca karI. raghunAtharAve paNa 15,000 nuM lazkara bAgalANa ane nAsikamAM bheguM kareluM e laI eNe ja sAmethI puNe tarapha vaLatI kUca karI. dayAjIrAva gAyakavADanI nAdurasta tabiyatanA kAraNe e jAte na Avyo, paNa eNe pitAnA putra goviMdarAvane eka lazkarI TukaDI sAthe radhunAtharAvanI madadamAM ekalI Apo. ghaDapanA killA AgaLa (jana 10, 1768) chAvaNI nAkhI paDelA radhunAtharAva para pezavAnI senAe ekAeka hile karI duzmanadaLane veravikhera karI nAkhyuM. raghunAtharAva ane goviMdarAva gAyakavADane kedI banAvI puNe laI javAyA. dabhAjIrAva pezavA viruddha bhAga lIdho hovAthI pezavAe eno tevIsa lAkha rUpiyA uparAMtane daMDa karyo ane khaMDaNInI bAkI rakama tathA "senAkhAsakhela" biruda mAnya rakhAvavAnuM tema "najarANuM" nI rakama ane bIjI rakama maLI kula 50 lAkha rUpiyA goviMdarAva pAsethI levAnuM nakkI karyuM. ghoDa5nI laDAI bAda TUMka samayamAM dayAjIrAva gAyakavADanuM avasAna thatAM (oNgasTa 18, 1768) enA putra mAM gAdI mATe spardhA zarU thaI. damAjIrAvanA badhA putromAM sayAjIrAva sauthI moTo hato tethI e gAdI mATe hakkadAra hato, paraMtu enAmAM rAjya calAvavAnI AvaData na hatI. govi darAva sayAjIrAvathI nAnA putra hatuM, paNa e tyAre puNemAM pezavAno kedI hate. bAkInA putromAM phattesiMharAva mahattvAkAMkSI caMcaLa prakRti ane buddhizALI hatA. sayAjIrAvane dAvo AgaLa karI e sattA meLavavAnI pravRtti karI rahyo hato. gAyakavADa bhAIonA gAdI-jhagaDAnA samAcAra jANI pezavA mAdhavarAve pharasiMhane kaDaka Thapako Apato patra lakhyo ke huM kaI paNa prakAranAM tophAna sAMkhI laIza nahIM. rAjyano vahIvaTa saMbhALI levAnA hukama sAme huM pAcha gaNezane mokalI rahyo chuM. tamAre badhI sattA ApAjIne soMpI devI tathA pitAnA taraphathI je kaI rajUAta karavI hoya te rUbarUmAM puNe AvIne karavI. e aMge bhAre nirNaya AkharI ane tamAmane baMdhanakartA raheze. je tamane pitAnAM hite pratye AdarabhAvanA rahelI hoya te pezavAnA A hukamanuM pAlana karI pitAnI pharaja kaI paNa AnAkAnI vagara bajAvavI joIe ane jo A hukamane anAdara thaze te nukasAna sahana karavuM paDaze. 9 pezavAe 50 lAkha rUpiyA levA aMge mUkelI zaratone geviMdarAve svIkAra

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90 ] marAThA kAla [ pra.. karI lIdho ane pitAnuM avasAna thayuM hovAthI "senAnAsakhela pada paNa meLavyuM. ema chatAM e 1768 mAM puNe cheDI vaDodarA jaI zakyo na hate ane evI rIte phattesiMharAva, jeNe 1768 mAM vaDodarAno kabajo meLavI lIdho hato, eNe pitAnA moTA bhAI sayAjIrAvanA gAdIhakka mATe be varSa sudhI pezavA samakSa rajUAta karI na hatI. saMbhava che ke goviMdarAva gujarAtamAM jaI pitAne pradezane kabajo meLavI le ane pachI pezavA virodhI khaTapaTa kare e bIke ene javA devAmAM Avyo nahIM hoya! Akhare sayAjIrAva gAyakavADe phattesiMharAvane pitAnAM hitono mukhatyAra banAvI, goviMdarAvane apAyelI mAnyatA rada karAvavA zavA pAse mokalyo. pezavAe samaya pArakhI jaI sayAjIrAvanA gAdIhakaka-dAvA mATe prazna pitAnA darabAranA khyAtanAma nyAyazAstrI rAmarAva zAstrIne suparata karyo ane cukAdo ApavA jaNAvyuM. rAmarAva zAstrIe sayAjIrAvane kAyadesara hakkadAra karAvyo ane "senAnAsakhela'nA biruda mATe kAyadesara hakkadAra jAhera karyo.8 e parathI pezavAe goviMdarAvanI tarapheNamAM Apele nirNaya rada karyo ane sayAjIrAvane hakaka svIkAryo, paraMtu sayAjIrAva nabaLA mananA hevAthI, enA mutAlika athavA nAyaba tarIke phatehasiMhane nImyo. goviMdarAvanI sadaMtara, avagaNanA na thaI zake mATe, ene vArSika be lAkha rUpiyA ane pAdarA jAgIra tarIke apAyAM, paraMtu e gAyakavADanA pUrvajonA gAma dAvaDImAM rahe evuM nakakI karavAmAM AvyuM, paraMtu e ukela goviMdarAvane maMjura na hato tethI, baMne bhAI ekabIjAnA zatru banI aMgreja-marAThA vigrahamAM sAmasAmI, chAvaNImAM bhAga letA rahyA. sUbedAranI herapherI (1770 thI 1780) pezavAe gopALarAvane sthAne punaH ApAcha gaNezane sUbedAra nImI. amadAvAda mokalyo. enI sUbedArI be varSa (1770 thI 1771) sudhI rahI hovAnuM jaNAya che. tyArabAda ene sthAne yaMbaka nArAyaNa sUbedAra thayA. yaMbaka nArAyaNane amala 1771 thI 1774 sudhI cAlyo jaNAya che. ahIM sudhInA pAMceya subedAranA vakhatamAM gAyakavADa vatI nAyaba tarIke cuMbaka mukuMda amadAvAdamAM cAlu rahela hovAnuM jaNAya che. 1774 mAM ApA gaNeza. trIjI vAra sUbedAra thayo. eno putra amRtarAya 1777-78 mAM sUbedAra hatA, jayAre 1780 mAM phattesiMha e pada para hate.*

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4 thuM ] pezavAI amala (I.sa. 1761 thI 1780) [ 91 pezavA nArAyaNarAva (I.sa.1772-73) ane radhunAtharAva (I.sa. 1773-74) pezavA mAdhavarAvanuM avasAna thatAM (navembara 18, 1772) enI jagyAe ene sattara varSane nAno bhAI nArAyaNarAva pezavA banyo, paraMtu sAlebhI ane prapaMcI radhunAtharAve enI hatyA karAvI (oNgasTa 30, 1773), ane pite pezavA banI gayo. pezavA nArAyaNarAvanI vidhavA gaMgAbAIe putrane janma ApatAM raghunAtharAvane sthAne e bALakane pezavAne sthAne besADavA nAnA phaDanavIsanI AgevAnI nIcenA marAThA maMtrImaMDaLe joradAra prayAsa karyo. 11 AvI sthitimAM goviMdarAva gAyakavADa je A vakhate puNe hato, te raghunAtharAvane maLyo ane ghoDapa khAte ene karelI madadanI yAda apAvI, pitAne vaDodarAnA gAyakavADa tarIke "senAnAsakhela ne khitAba punaH ApavA rajUAta karI, je radhunAtharA maMjUra rAkhI. AthI geviMdarAva phatesiMhane gujarAtamAMthI hAMkI kADhavAnA hetuthI lazkara sAthe Avyo ane kaDInA jAgIradAra khaMDerAva gAyakavADanI madada meLavI eNe vaDedarAne ghero ghAlyo. goviMdarAve AnI. sAthe sAthe muMbaInI aMgreja sarakAra sAthe madada mATe vATAghATa zarU karI dIdhI. zivA mAdhavarAva 2 je vi. raghunAtharAva (I.sa. 1774 thI 1780) chatrapati rAjAe sata nArAyaNarAvanA bALaputra mAdhavarAva 2 jAne pezavA tarIke svIkAra karatAM (me 28, 1774), raghunAtharAvane sthAnabhraSTa thavuM paDayuM. e have koI paNa prakAre anyanI madada meLavI laDI levA mAgatA hatA. siMdhiyA hokara jevA saradAroe ene sAtha ApavAnuM choDI detAM ane pote pakaDAI javAnI bIka lAgatAM raghunAtharAve pitAnI burahAnapuranI chAvaNI uThAvI laI (Disembara 10, 1774) gujarAta tarapha kUca karI gedharA pahoMcyo ( jAnyuArI 3, 1775). bIjI bAjue siMdhiyA-hekara ane maMtrImaMDaLanA marAThA lakaranI AgevAnI laI haripaMta phaDake enI pAchaLa ene pakaDavA AvI rahyAnA samAcAra jANI, raghunAtharAva goviMdarAvanI madadathI mahI nadI oLaMgI hAlanA vAsada pAse paDAva nAkhIne rahyo. nadInA bIjA kAMThe. maMtrImaMDaLanuM lazkara AvIne aTakyuM hatuM. be aThavADiyAM sudhI vATAghATe cAlatI rahI. hakIkatamAM raghunAtharAve samaya pasAra karavA ja AvI nIti apanAvI hatI, jethI ene aMgreja taraphathI kadAca madada maLI jAya, paraMtu, haripaMta phaDakee chevaTe humalo karyo. baMne vacce aDAsa najIka ANaMda megarI nAme oLakhAtA sthaLe bhAre laDAI thaI (phebruArI 17) temAM raghunAtharAvane.

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22 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. sakhata parAjaya thayo. e mahAmuzkelIe yuddhanuM medAna choDIne khaMbhAta tarapha nAsI chUTakyo. khaMbhAtanA navAbe raghunAtharAva mATe nagaranA daravAjA baMdha karAvyA ane ene Azraya ApavAnI nA pADI, paraMtu khaMbhAta khAte rahelA aMgreja kaThInA vaDA maeNleTe radhunAtharAvane rakSaNa ApyuM ane gupta rIte ene bhAvanagara mekalI Ape, jayAMthI e hoDI dvArA surata pahoMcyo (phebruArI ra3). tyAM rahI raghunAtharAve muMbaInI aMgreja sarakAra sAthe surata karAra karyo (mArca 6). e karAramAM aMgrejoe 2,500 nI lazkarI TukaDI ane yogya pramANamAM tapakhAnAnI madada ApavAnuM kabUla rAkhyuM ane enA badalAmAM eNe vasaI, -thANA, sAlaseTa sahitanA muMbaInA badhA TApuo tathA gujarAtamAM jaMbusara tathA olapADa paragaNuM ane aMkalezvaramAM rahela pezavAno hisso ApavA kabUla rAkhyuM. vaLI lazkaranA kharca mATe mahine doDha lAkha rUpiyA ApavAnuM ane e mATe salAmata jAmIna tarIke cha lAkhanuM jhaverAta kaMpanI sarakAramAM jamA karAvyuM.12 surata karAra thAya e pahelAM ja karnala kITiMgane badhuM maLI 1,500nI pheja sAthe phebruArInA aMtabhAgamAM yuddhamAM sakriya bhAga levA mATe ravAnA karavAmAM Avyo hato. raghunAtharAva surata AvI pahoMcyA bAda cAra divase AvI pahoMcyo hato. A rIte marAThA-aMgrejo vaccenA lAMbA saMgharSanI - zarUAta thaI ane ene AraMbha gujarAtanI dharatI para thayo ! bIjI bAjue raghunAtharAvanA nAsI gayA bAda enA TekedAra geviMdarAva gAyakavADa ane khaMDerAva gAyakavADa pitAnA majabUta thANuM kapaDavaMjamAM jatA rahyA. phattesiMhe paNa paristhiti pAmI jaI aMgrejo sAthe sumeLa rAkhavAnI nIti apanAvI. khaMbhAtano navAbe, jeNe radhunAtharAva pratye bhAgeDu tarIke vyavahAra rAkhyuM hatuM, teNe have raghunAtharAvane muMbaInI sarakArane Teko maLavAno che ane e aMgrejone mitra banavAnuM che e jANI, enI aupacArika mulAkAta lIdhI ne ene pite uparI gaNe che ema batAvavA bheTasogAda paNa ApI ! goviMdarAva gAyakavADa paNa pitAnI TukaDI sAthe AvIne raghunAtharAva sAthe -joDAyo, jyAre jAgIradAra khaMDerAva phattesiMhanA pakSe joDAyo. marAThA maMtrImaMDaLanuM lazkara 5,000 nA pAyadaLa sahita 25,000 nI saMkhyAnuM thayuM hatuM. have baMne pakSo vacce mukAbale thavAno hato. uttara tarapha kUca karavAmAM raghunAtharAvanI pheja Dumasa pAse Avela bhImaranA maMdiranA darzane jaI tyAM prArthanAvidhi karavA mATe rokAI. dariyAmArga khaMbhAta jatI e phajane dariyAI tephAna naDayuM. e pachI e khaMbhAta

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* zuM ] pezavAI amala (I.sa. 1761thI 1780) [ 97 nA kAMThe UtarI zakI (mArca 17). raghunAtharAvanuM lakara goviMdarAvanI AgevAnI nIce hatuM. karnala kITiMganuM lazkara enI sAthe joDAyuM ane e baMnee dharmajathI prayANa karyuM (eprila 23). goviMdarAvanI phejamAM 8,000 laDAyaka sainike ane 18,000 chAvaNInAM anya mANasa hatAM. e aDhAra hajAramAM piMDhArAonI saMkhyA meTI hatI. piMDhArAonI paddhati koI eka marAThA, saradAra sAthe joDAyelA rahevAnI ane enA Azraya nIce je kaMI lUMTaphATa karavAmAM Ave temAMthI aDadho bhAga levAnI rahetI. phejamAM dareka marAThA saradArane pitAnI alaga TukaDI rahetI. jo ke badhA ja saradAra lazkaranA vaDA senApatinI AjJA pALavA baMdhAyelA rahetA, paraMtu A sthiti bhAre gUMcavADAvALI hatI. samagra lakaramAM lazakarI zistano sadaMtara abhAva hato. vadhu vicitratA to e hatI ke meTA bhAganA piMDhArA emanAM patnI ane bALakone sAme lAvyA hatA. teo rasoI mATenAM sAdhano ane lUMTele mAla baLado ke khaccare para lAdIne pharatA ane e rIte chAvaNImAM rahetA. dareka chAvaNamAM bajAra" rahetuM, jyAM rokaDa cukavaNI ke vastuvinimayathI vyavahAra cAlato. nAnI cIjo para piMDhArA pitAne thoDA lAgo vasUla letA, je emanA zatru hoya ke mitra hoya te badhAMne sarakhI rIte cUkavavo paData. 13 baMne pakSo vacce gujarAtamAM keTalIka jagyAe athaDAmaNa thaI, jemAM maMtrI maMDaLanA larakarane parAjayanI sthiti svIkAravI paDatI. raghunAtharAvanA pakSe je saphaLatA maLatI te ghaNuM karIne aMgreja larakaranI caDiyAtI kAmagIrI ne AbhArI hatI. maMtrImaMDaLanA lazkaramAM savAradaLanI saMkhyA moTI hatI. karnala koTiMgano pakSa lAbhadAyI sthitimAM hato chatAM raghunAtharAve amadAvAda najIka rahevAno irAdo choDI dIdho ane puNe javAnuM nakakI karyuM. karnala kITiMge paNa evuM karavAnI salAha ApI hatI. raghunAtharAve mArgamAM naDiyAda khAte mukAma karyA. naDiyAda khaMDerAva gAyakavADa tAbAnuM hatuM ane khaMDerAva pharasiMhanA pakSe gayo hato tethI raghunAtharAve AkhA nagara para rUpiyA, 60,000ne daMDa nAMkhyo ane emAMthI 40,000 nI vasUlAta sakhatAIthI karI. daMDanI phALavaNuM dareka jAtinI rakama cUkavavAnI zakti parathI nakkI karavAmAM AvI hatI. bhATa brAhmaNa lekee mAphI mAgI chatAM emanI pAsethI chevaTe daMDa vasula levAmAM Avyo. raghunAtharAve tyAM eka aThavADiyuM pasAra karyuM (8 thI 14 me, 1775) ane pachI e tyAMthI aDAsa gaye. ahIM aMgreja lazkarane bhAre kaparI sthitimAM mukAvuM paDayuM. agAu e A ja sthaLe hArI gayo.

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24 ] marAThA kAla [ma. hate. enA savAradaLanI azistanA kAraNe ane aMgreja lazkaranI eka TukaDInI gaphalatanA kAraNe zarUAtamAM hAra thaI, paraMtu chevaTe teoe me vijaya meLavyo. radhunAtharAvanA lazkare pagAra na maLavAthI baMDa karavAnI dhamakI ApI, jyAre goviMdarAvanA lazkare jyAM sudhI vaDedarA na jitAya tyAM sudhI puNe tarapha kUca karavAno inakAra karyo. A sthitimAM radhunAtharAvane comAsAmAM gujarAtamAM rahevAnI pharaja paDI. bIjI bAjue maMtrI maMDaLanA senApati haripate gujarAtamAMthI vidAya lIdhI. karnala kITiMga pitAnA lazkarane dakSiNa gujarAtamAM bharUca najIka laI gayo. tyAM najIkamAM eNe bAvApIra khAte paDAva nAkhe. haripaMta phaDakeno paDAva paNa najIkamAM hatuM. kITiMge enA para chApo mAravA hilacAla karI, paNa haripata samayasUcakatA vAparI tyAMthI jato rahyo. e pachI karnala kITiMge puNe tarapha na jatAM DabhoI tarapha kUca karI. e samaye DabhoI phattesiMharAvanAM kabajAmAM hatuM. comAsAnA kAraNe kITiMganA lazkarane bhAre nukasAnI ane khuvArI veThavI paDI. karnala kITiMge DabhoInA killAmAM potAnA lazkarane rakSaNa mATe rAkhyuM. raghunAtharAve DabhoIno havAle e pahelAM laI lIdho hato ane tyAMthI traNa lAkha rUpiyA daMDa ugharAvyo hato. eNe DabhoIthI thoDe dUra vaDedarA tarapha javAnA mArgamAM DhADhara nadIne kAMThe bhIlapura khAte chAvaNa nAkhI tyAM rahIne eNe karnala kITiMga mAraphata phattesiMha sAthe vATAghATa calAvI. A bAju pharasiMha vaDodarAmAM ekale hato ane enI IcchA cokkasa zaratothI samAdhAna para AvavAnI hatI. ene goviMdarAva vaDedarA para kabajo jamAvI leze evI dahezata lAgatI hatI. karnala kaTiMge pharasiMhanI uparyukta sthaLe rUbarU mulAkAta lIdhI ane teo vacce samajUtI thaI. samajutImAM pharasiMha enA bhAI sayAjIrAva gAyakavADa vatI raghunAtharAvane varSe ATha lAkha rUpiyA tathA 3,000 savAradaLa Ape tathA surata-karAra (mArca 6, 1975), je pezavA ane aMgreja sarakAra vacce thayela hatuM te, anusAra bharUca paragaNunuM mahesUla temaja cIkhalI, surata najIka variyAva paragaNuM ane narmadA nadI paranuM kerala paragaNuM Ape tema jaNAvyuM. goviMdarAva have pitAnA bhAI sayAjIrAva para kaI hadAvo rajU karaze nahIM enA badalAmAM raghunAtharAva ene dakhaNamAM 10 lAkha rUpiyAnI jAgIra Ape ema TharAvavAmAM AvyuM. jAgIradAra khaMDerAvane dayAjIrAva gAyakavADe agAu je ApyuM hatuM te badhuM punaH ApavAnuM nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM.14 pharasiMhe raghunAtharAvane ApavAnA thatA 26 lAkha rUpiyA

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pezavAI amala ( I.sa 1761 thI 1080) 5 60 divasamAM meLavavA takAde karavAmAM Avyo ane bhAre dabANa pachI 10 lAkha rUpiyA cIjavasturUpe vasUla levAyA. AMtaravigrahane aMta uparyukta karAra pUro thAya te pahelAM gavara-janarala vorana hesTiMgsa radhunAtharAva sAthe thayela surata-karAra nakArI kADho, enA kAraNe karnala kITiMgane lazkara sAthe pAchA pharavAno hukama pahoMcADavAmAM AvyuM. Ama radhunAtharAvane pitAnuM bhAvi nakkI karavA enA nasIba para choDI devAmAM Avyo temaja baMne gAyakavADa bhAIone emanA jhagaDA patAvI devA laDavA jhagaDavA mATe svAtaMtrya ApI devAyuM. A rIte emanA AMtaravigrahane aMta Avyo A samaye phattesihe pakSa badalyo ane e aMgreja-pakSe gayo. mAsA pachI mArge cekha thatAM karnala kITiMge surata tarapha kUca karI, para tu raghunAtharAvanI vinaMtIthI surata na jatAM enI pUrve Avela kaDeda, je briTiza sarahada bahAra hatuM, tyAM paDAva nAMkhyo. aMgrejo taraphathI puNenA maMtrImaMDaLa sAthe vATAghATa karavA karnala apTanane mokalavAmAM Avela tethI e vATAghATonA pariNAmanI raghunAtharAva rAha jovA lAgyo. apTane puNemAM be mahinA uparAMta (Disembara 1, 1775 thI mArca 1 1776) rahIne puraMdhara-karAra karyo (1 mArca 1776). A karArathI pezavAe bharUcanuM mahesUla ane enI paDozamAM Avela jamIna aMgrejone ApyAM. radhunAtharAvane kAraNe aMgreja sarakArane thayelA kharcanA vaLatara tarIke 12 lAkha rUpiyA paNa ApyA. radhunAtharAva sAthe thayele surata karAra rada karavAmAM Avyo. ene dasa lAkha rUpiyAnuM pAna ApavAmAM Ave ane e koparagAMva (ahamadanagara jillAmAM) rahe evuM nakkI karAyuM. bIjI je zarata hatI temAM phatesiMha gAyakavADe aMgrejone je pradeza ApelA hatA te je puNenI sarakAra evuM sAbita kare ke e ApavAne pharasiMhane hakka na hatuM te e phattesiMhane parata ApavAnA hatA. aMgrejoe gujarAtamAM je pradeza jItyA hatA te teo rAkhe ane gAyakavADanI bAbatamAM teo daramyAnagIrI na kare. 16 raghunAtharAve pitAne maLanAra penzana ane bIjI bAbatano asvIkAra karyo ane vadhu lAbhadAyI zarate muMbaI sarakArane mokalavAnI taiyArI karI, paraMtu chevaTe ene briTiza madada nahIM maLe evuM AkharI svarUpamAM kahevAmAM AvatAM ane haripata phaDake ene pakaDavA AvI rahyAnA samAcAra jANatAM e chevaTe muMbaI nAsI gayo, jyAM muMbaI sarakAre ene mAsika pensana bAMdhI ApyuM. . . : , , ,

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marAThA kAla [pra. AvI sthiti pravartatI hatI tyAre iMglenDathI keTa opha DAyarekTarse surata-karAra mAnya rAkhyo hovAno hukama AvatAM sthitimAM vaLAMka Avyo. kalakattAnI vaDI sarakAre puraMdhara karAra(eprila 4. 1776)ne bahAlI ApI. hatI, AthI muMbaI sarakAre baMne karAronuM arthaghaTana pitAne anukuLa lAge tevuM karyuM. bIjI bAju puraMdhara karAra anusAra pharasiMha ane pezavA sarakAra vacce vATAghATo cAlu hatI, paNa e daramyAna sayAjIrAva gAyakavADa(1 lA)nuM avasAna thayuM (1778 ) AthI pharasiMhe samaya pArakhI jaI, pezavAnA TekA mATe Atura banI, pitAne "senA khAsakhela " khitAba maLe ane vaDodarAnA rAjyakartA. tarIke mAnyatA maLe evI goThavaNa karI. phattesiMhe pezavA sarakArane 10 lAkha rUpiyA ApyA, maMtrIone eka lAkhanI bheTa sogAda ApI potAnA pakSe lIdhA (phebruArI 1778 ). ane "senA khAsakhela" khitAba meLavyo. pezavAe goviMdarAvane be lAkhanI jAgIra ApavAnuM vacana ApyuM ane khaMDerAva jAgIradAra pUrvavat sthitimAM rahe evuM TharAvyuM. 1778 nA kaTobaramAM keTa oNpha DAyarekaTarsa taraphathI baMgALa ane muMbaI sarakAra para saMdezA AvyA, jemAM jaNAvyuM ke puradharanA karArano asvIkAra kare ane e karArane faeturn valet nA siddhAta para bahAlI ApatAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM ke pezavAnI sarakAra Ane InakAra ke avagaNanA kare te rAdhAbA(raghunAtharAva) sAthe karAra 1775 nA dhoraNe kare. raghunAtharAva sAthe navI samajUtI pezavAnA maMtrIoe pura dharanA karAranI jogavAI pramANe 12 lAkha cUkavavAno InakAra karyo temaja bharUca najIka kaI pradeza ApavAnI nA pADI. e vakhate puNemAM phreca pratinidhi me. da. seMTa lubina Avela hatA. puNemAM ca pratinidhinI hAjarI joI kalakattAnI vaDI sarakAra rokI UThI ane muMbaI sarakAranI radhunAtharAva pratyenI nIti sAthe sahamata thaI ene Teke ApavA jaNAvyuM.17 A samaye radhunAtharAva muMbaImAM ja Azrita tarIke hatA, tethI enI sAthe muMbaI sarakAre karAra karyo. eNe 1775 nA karAra pramANe kabUlAta mAnya rAkhI ane pitAne pezavA pade sthApavAmAM madadamAM AvanAra briTiza lazkarano pagAra ApavA valasADanuM mahesUla tathA aMkalezvaranuM mahesUla je bAkI hatuM te ApavA kabUla rAkhyuM (navembara 1778).

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4 thuM] pezavAI amala (I.sa. 1761 thI 1780) [ 90 radhunAtharAvane madada karavA briTiza pheja mokalavAmAM AvI (navembara 25, 1778), paNa nAnA phaDanavIsa ane mahAdajI siMdhiyAe eno majabUta pratIkAra thaI zake evI vyavasthA goThavI. chevaTe baMne pakSo vacce vaDagAMva khAte saMdhi karavAmAM AvI (jAnyuArI 17, 1779). thayelA karAra mujaba mAdhavarAva pezavAnA samayathI eTale ke 177ra thI aMgrejone gujarAtanA pradezo sahita je je pradeza maLyA hoya te parata karavAmAM Ave evuM nakkI karAyuM. e pradezomAM sAlaseTa uraNa ane bIjA TApuono samAveza thato hato. raghunAtharAvane siMdhivAnA tAbAmAM soMpavAmAM Ave ane eka alaga karArathI siMdhiyAne bharUca sarvopari sattA sAthe sAMpavAmAM Ave evuM kabUla rakhAyuM 18 e bAbata nedhapAtra che ke muMbaI ane kalakattAnI sarakAroe vaDagAMvanA A karArane bahAlI ApI na hatI, paraMtu muMbaInI kAunsile siMdhiyAne bharUca ApavA sivAyanI bIjI badhI bAbatane svIkAra karyo hato. vadhumAM gavarnara honabIe kalakattAnI vaDI sarakArane sUcavyuM hatuM (jUna 14, 1779 ) ke phattesiMharAva gAyakavADane pezavAnI tAbedArI sthitimAMthI mukta karAvavo ApaNa lAbhamAM che. kalakattAthI gavarnara-janarale enI anumati ApavA uparAMta je gujarAtamAMthI pezavAno hisso paDAvI laI zake te ema karavAnI paravAnagI paNa muMbaI sarakArane ApI. vaLI muMbaI sarakAranI madade janarala goDArDane baMgALathI lazkara sAthe ravAnA karavAmAM Avyo (Disembara 15, 1779). raghunAtharAvanuM palAyana ane saMgharSa uparyukta banAva bane te daramyAna raghunAtharAva, jene vaDagAMvanI samajUtI nIce siMdhiyAne soMpavAmAM Avyo hato ane jene buMdelakhaMDamAM jhAMsI khAte rAkhavA laI javAto hato te, rastAmAMthI palAyana karI gayo ne bharUca AvI pahae. ema kahevAya che ke e siMdhiyAnI parokSa saMmatithI chuTakAro meLavI zakyo hate. janarala gaDADe vaDI sarakAra ane muMbaI sarakAra vatI raghunAtharAva sAthe vATAghATo calAvI ane ene rUbarU mulAkAta paNa ApI (jUna 12, 1779), paNa enI sAthe sIdhA karAra karavA mATe icachA na dekhADI. e varSamAM cemAsAnA aMtabhAgamAM evI khabara AvI ke aMgrejo viruddha marAThA nijhAma ane mAyaranA haidaraalIe maLI eka saMgha racyo che. e samaye nAnA phaDanavIse aMgreja sarakArane jaNAvyuM ke enI sAthe I-7-7

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98 ] sarADA kAla [31. koI paNa karAra karatAM pahelAM sAlaseTa pAche soMpavA joIe ane rAdheAkhAne paNa pezavAne havAle karavA joIe. e aMge keAI javAba apAyeA nahIM ane aMgreja pakSe vadhu lazkarI kumaka khelAvavAmAM AvI. amadAvAdamAM sattA-palaTa eneA janarala gADA gujarAtamAM AvyA ane muMbaI sarakAranA lazkara sAthe joDAyA, e samaye pezavAnA 2,000 nA pAyadaLe DabhAIne ghereza dhAhyA hatA. goDArDe DabhAI tarapha kUca karI. bharUcamAMthI marAThA adhikArIne aMgreja lazkaranI bIjI TukaDIe hAMkI kADhavA ane aMkalezvara hAMsATa ane AmAda pharIthI laI lIdhAM. gADADe DabhAInA kakhajo pezavAnI phAja pAsethI laI lIdhA (jAnyuArI 20, 1780) ane havAle senApati e. ke. phorbsane ApyA. e pachI gADA` vaDAdarA tarapha kUca karI ke turata ja pezavAnA savAradaLe AvIne DabhAIne pharI gherA dhAhyA, jo ke phrAnse enA rakSaNanI pUratI taiyArI karI rAkhI hatI eTale tAtkAlika koI athaDAmaNa na thaI. khIjI bAju phattesiMharAve gADAne vaDAdarA tarapha kUca karatA joI enI sAthe saMdhi-karAra karI lIdheA (jAnyuArI 20, 1780),19 je kU delA - vaDAdarA DabhAI vacce AvelA phU DhelA gAme karavAmAM AvyA. A karAramAM raghunAtharAvane ullekha karAyA na hatA. DabhAI eka aMgreja sanadI adhikArInA tAbAmAM lazkara sAthe mUkavAmAM AvyuM. kuMDhelA karAra pramANe gujarAtamAMthI pezavA hakka nAbUda karavAneA hateA ane khaMDaNI-vasulAtanA kAryamAM saraLatA rahe ane gUMcavADA nivArI zakAya mATe mahI nadInI uttaranA bhAga gAyakavADane ane tApI nadIne dakSiNa bhAga aMgrejone sAMpavAnA hatA. suratanA mahelamAM gAyakavADanA je bhAga hatA te paNa gAyakavADane ApavAnA hatA. madadanA badalAmAM e je khaMDaNI pezavAne ApatA hatA te baMdha karavAnI hatI ane e mATe naMdA paranu zinera ane bharUcanI AsapAsa AvelAM gAyakavADanAM gAmaDAM aMgreja sarakArane ApavAnAM hatAM. A badhuM kabUla rakhAtAM ane phosiMharAve savAradaLanI madada ApatAM, gADADe amadAvAda tarapha kUca karI. karAra pramANe amadAvAda jItI lIdhA bAda e phosiMharAvane ApavAnu hatu. samaye amadAvAdamAM pezavAnA sUbedAra tarIke bApajI paMDita hatA. gADADe pAMca divasa zahera bahAra chAvaNI nAkhI chevaTe pATanagara kabaje karyuM. (phebruArI 15, 1780)21 te phrosi MharAvane e sAMpyuM, e divasa bAda rosiMharAve potAnA sUbedAra tarIke sadAziva gaNezane nImyA, gADADe amadAvAdane ghere dhAlatAM 20 A

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4 thuM ] pezavAI amala (I.sa. 1761 thI 1780) [99 pezavAno sUbo bApajI paMDita nAsI gayo hato. karAramAM vacana ApyA pramANe pharosiMharAve aMgreja sarakArane pradeza ApyA, paraMtu surata aThThAvIsImAMthI sonagaDhane hetupUrvaka bAkAta rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. pAdaTIpa 9. G. S. Sardesai, New History of the Marathas, Vol. II, pp. 482f. 2. Maharashtra State Gazetteers (MSG) : History; pt, III (Maratha Period), p. 137 3. mATe, "zrIyALIrAva pavAra (tire) je varitra', 4. 2, pR. 27-18 8. MSG, History, pt. III, p. 92 5. maganalAla vakhatacaMda, amadAvAdano itihAsa', pR. 39 $. F. A. H. Elliot, The Rulers of Boroda, pp. 63f. 6. Sardesai, op.cit., Vol. II, pp. 446f. C. G, W. Forrest, Selctions from Letters, Despatches in the Bom bay Secretariat : Maratha Series, Vol. I, pp. 277-80 9. maganalAla vakhatacaMde ApAjI gaNezanA bIjI vAranA amalano samaya vi. saM. 1826-1828 (I.sa. 1770 thI 1772) ane enA uttarAdhikArI caMbaka nArAyaNano samaya vi. saM. 1828 thI 1833(=I.sa. 1772 thI 1777) Apyo che (uparyukta, pR. 40), paNa vi. saM. 1827 (=Isa. 1771)nA khatapatramAM e samaye sUbedAra tarIke vyaMbaka nArAyaNa (jue . je. vidyAbhavana, saMgrahAlaya, khatapatra naM. 101), ane vi.saM. 1830(=I.sa. 1774)nAM be khatapatro (ejana, naM. 9 ane 41)mAM ApAjI gaNeza nAma noMdhAyuM che. gAyakavADanA nAyaba cuMbaka mukuMdane nideza paNa I.sa. 1763 ane 1771nAM be khatapatro(anukrame naM. 34 ane naM. 101)mAM thayo che. -saM. 10. maganalAla vakhatacaMda ApA gaNezane trIjI vAranA amalano samaya vi. saM. 1833-34 (I.sa. 1777-78) ane e pachI enA putra amaratarAva ApAjInA amalano vi.saM. 1834-35 (Isa. 1778-79) gaNAve che (ejana, pR. 40), paNa vi.saM. 1830 (I.sa. 1774)nAM be khatapatro (naM. 9 ane 41)mAM ApAjI gaNezane pezavAI zahera sUbedAra tarIke ullekha Ave che; vi. saM. 1834 (I.sa. 1777)nA tathA vi.saM. 1835(I.sa. 1779)nA khatapatramAM ApA gaNezanA putra amRtarAvajIne zahera sUbedAra jaNAvyA che, vi. saM. 1836 (I.sa. 1780)nA khatapatramAM vaLI phattesiMharAvane zahera sUbedAra kahyA che. 22. Selections from the Peshwa Daftar, Vol. V, pp, 12, 20 ff. ma'

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prakaraNa : 5 pezavAI sattAnI paDatI (I. sa. 1780 thI 1817) sUbedAranI herapherI I. sa. 1780 thI 1818 daramyAna gAyakavADanA hakUmata-pradezo gAyakavADa pAse ekaMdare badho samaya yathAvata rahyA, jyAre pezavAnA amadAvAda sahitanA pradeza para thoDo samaya pezavAnI pitAnI ne IjArA ApI devAne laIne e IjArAnA gALA daramyAna gAyakavADanI hakUmata rahetI. gAyakavADI mulakane vahIvaTa vaDedarethI ne pezavAnA mulakane vahIvaTa amadAvAdanA bhadrakeTa madhyathI thatA. IjArAkALa daramyAna gAyakavADa bhadrakeTamAM pitAne sUbedAra rAkhatA, chatAM amadAvAda zaheramAMnA enA hakakane abAdhita rAkhavA e gAyakavADanI havelImAM potAne nAyaba nImavAnuM cAlu rAkhatA. janarala goDADe amadAvAda jItI pharasiMharAva gAyakavADane soMpyuM. phattesiMharAva vatI amadAvAdamAM pezavAnA ilAkAno vahIvaTa sUbedAra sadAziva gaNezane apAyo (phebruArI, 1780). paNa e varSa daramyAna theDA vakhatamAM enA sthAne mAnAjInA nimAyo. tenA pachI AvelA bhagavaMtarAya zivarAmanI sUbedArI 1782-83 daramyAna amalamAM rahI, paNa 1783 thI sAlabAInA karAra anusAra amadAvAda ane enI sAthe saMkaLAyela anya vistAro para pizavAne saMyukata adhikAra punaH sthapAyo. zrI maganalAla vakhatacaMde jaNAvyA mujaba pezavAnA gujarAtanA bhAgamAM gAyakavADa taraphathI 1783 thI 1785 daramyAna caMbaka makanajI, 1785-86mAM rAghAjI jIvAjI, 1786-91 mAM pharIthI yaMbaka makanajI ane 1791 mAM thoDe vakhata pharIthI rAdhAjI chavAno vahIvaTa rahyo, paraMtu e samayanA eka khatapatra parathI mAluma paDe che ke 1785 mAM to pezavA taraphathI bhavAnI zivarAma zaherasUbA tarIke adhikAra dharAvato hato. zrI maganalAla vakhatacaMde 1783 thI 1781 sudhI pezavAe nImelA zahesUbA keNa hatA enI koI vigata ApI nathI. saMbhava che ke lagabhaga e badhe vakhata e adhikAra bhavAnI zivarAme dharAvyo che. zrI maganalAla vakhatacaMda bhavAnI zivarAmanA vahIvaTane

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[ pra. marAThA kAla 100 ] 12. C. U. Aitchison, Treaties, Engagements etc. pp, 24ff,; Forrest, op.cid., Vol. I, pp. 211ff. 13. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. I, pt. I. pp. 403f. 28. James Grant Duff, History of the Maharattas, Vol. II, pp. 34 ff. 15. Avo nirNaya kalakattAnI vaDI sarakAre karI muMbaInI kArobArI kAunsilane sakhata Thapako Apela. juo Forrest, p.cit., Vol. I, p. 238. 28. Ibid., Vol, I, pp. 277-80; Sardesai, op.cit., Vol. III, pp. 58f. 20. MSG, History, pt. III, p. 141 16. Sardesai, op.cit., Vol. III, pp. 81f. 94. Forrest, op.cit., Vol. I, p. 394 20. Sardesai, Historical Papers Relating to Mahadji Sindhia, pp. 72-75 21. maganalAla vakhatacaMda, uparyukta, pR. 40-41

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[ . 102 ] marAThA kAla samaya 1781 thI 1794 ne Ape cheparaMtu e samaya kharekhara 1789 thI 1792 na hovo joIe. 193 mAM kazanarAva bhImarAva zelUkara subedAra hovAnuM e sAlanA khatapatra parathI jaNAya che. e I.sa. 1800 sudhI sUbedAra rahyo. e varSa gAyakavADane cAra varSa mATe zivAnA pradezano pahele IjA maLe, je pachI dasa varSa mATe tAjo karI ApavAmAM AvatAM e 1814 sudhI cAlyo. I.sa. 1800mAM gAyakavADa taraphathI rAvabA dAdA bhadrakoTamaLe sUbedAra thaI Avyo, paNa e sAlanA aMtamAM ene sthAne raghunAtha mahIpatane nImavAmAM Avyo. "kAkAsAhebanA hulAmaNA nAmathI kapriya thayela A sUbedArano amala I.sa. 1800 thI 1810 daramyAna rahyo hovAnuM maganalAla vakhatacaMde noMdhyuM che, paNa I. sa. 1809 nA khatapatra parathI jaNAya che ke e sAlamAM amadAvAdamAM gAyakavADa vatI bhadrakeTamAM bAlAjI ApAjI vatI viThThalarAva bAlAjI ane havelImAM AbAjI goviMda vahIvaTakartA hatA. zrI maganalAla vakhatacaMde gAyakavADI sUbedAra viThThalabAlAjI, rAmacaMdra kazana ane nArAyaNarAva TAcakAne samaya anukrame 1811thI 1813, 1813-14 ane 1814-15 Apyo che, jyAre zrI ratnamaNirAve e avadhi anukrame 1810 thI 1812, 1812-13 ane 1813-14 Apyo che. * TAcakA pachI gAyakavADI sUbedAra thayelA rAghu rAmacaMdra(baherA)ne samaya zrI maganalAla rAmacaMde 1815 ane zrI ratnamaNirAve 1814 no A che, paNa 1813 nA khatapatramAM gAyakavADa vatI bhadrakoTamAM rAdhu rAmacaMdra ane havelImAM AbAjI hovAnuM noMdhyuM che, tethI I. sa. 1809 thI 1813 vaccenA gALAmAM viThThalarAva bAlAjI, rAmacaMdra kazana ane nArAyaNarAva TAcakA traNeyane vahIvaTa vItI gayA hovAnuM jaNAya che. I. sa. 1814mAM IjArAnI mudata pUrI thatAM yaMbakajIDeMgalee pezavA vatI amadAvAdane havAle saMbhALyo. 13 aMgrejoe amadAvAdano kabaje navembara, 1817 mAM karyo tyAM sudhI yaMbakajI Degala sUbedArI saMbhALa rahyo hovAnuM jaNAya che. gujarAtamAM siMdhiyA ane heLakara aMgrejo sAme gujarAtamAM siMdhiyA ane haLakara pitAnAM lazkara sAthe pravezI narmadA oLaMgI DAI sudhI AvyA, paNa phense DabhoInA bacAva mATe majabUta vyavasthA goThavI hatI. goDArDa emanA tarapha AvatAM, teo chevaTe cAMpAnera tarapha jatA rahyA ane sapATa medAno para sAmano karavAnuM TALyuM. siMdhiyAe samaya vitAvavA gaDArDa sAthe raghunAtharAva bAbatamAM vATAghATe calAvI. eNe raghunAtharAvanA putra bAjIrAvane sagIra vayanA pezavA mAdhavarAvanA

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ja su* ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 103 dIvAna athavA vyavasthApaka tarIke nImavA kahevarAveluM, paraMtu khAjIrAva pAte ja sagIra hateA tethI si`dhiyA ja kAmacalAu sarakArane havAlA saMbhALI zake evI peravI emAM dekhAI. gADADe AvA sUcanane asvIkAra karyo ane aMte vATAdhATo tUTI paDI. siMdhiyA ane heALakarane kAI nirNAyaka laDAI laDathA vagara ThekaThekANethI hAMkI kADhavAmAM AvyA. 1780 nA ceAmAsA pachI mejara kokhsane gujarAtanA lazkaratA havAle seAMpI, gADADa vasAIne gherA dhAlavA UpaDayo. kaeNmse amadAvAda khAte phosiMharAvanA rakSaNa mATe tathA surata ane bharUca khAte eka eka TukaDI rAkhI. zineAra ane bhAImAM paNa rakSaka TukaDIe rakhAI. phosi dharAve vaDAdarA sAcavavAnuM ja kAma karyuM hatuM. si MdhiyAe navA meLavelA zitAra para hallo karyAM, paNa phrAnse ene sAmane karI niSphaLa banAA. siMdhiyA AthI vadhu lazkarI pravRtti karI zake evI sthitimAM na hatA. ... AvA samaye baMne pakSo vacce yuddha baMdha thavAnI taiyArImAM hatuM, paNa e vakhate nijhAma haidaraalI ane marAThAo vacce sadha racAI rahyo hovAnA samAcAra AvatAM, e mATe aMgreja sarakAre pezavA sAthe samAdhAna mATe prayAsa zarU karyo. pezavA samakSa je darakhAsta rajU thaI temAM vadhu avarodhaka bAbata teA pezavAnA amadAvAdaneA hissA hatA, je have gAyakavADane ApavAmAM Avye hatA. ema chatAM chevaTe yuddhane aMta lAvavAmAM AvyA ane sAlabAI sthaLathI pracalita banelA atihAsika karAra karavAmAM AvyA ( me 17, 1782 ). sAlamAInA karAra gvAliyara pAse sAlabAI khAte pezavA ane aMgreja sarakAra vacce A karAra thayA. AmAM gujarAtane lagatI bAbatAne paNa samAveza thayA hatA. puraMdharanA karAra pachI aMgrejoe lIdhelA badhA pradeza pezavAne pAchA sAMpavA, sAlaseTa jevA muMbaI pAse AvelA nAnA TApu aMgrejonA tAbAmAM rahe, bharUca sidhiyAne apAya, gujarAtamAM pezavA ane gAyakavADanA je je pradeza agrejoe jItI lIdhA hoya te jemane temane parata karavAmAM Ave, aMgreja sarakAra radhunAtharAvane nANAM ApIne ke khIjI rIte madada nahIM kare. pezavA ene vArSika rU. 25,000/- tuM penzana Ape ane e peAte jyAM nakkI kare te sthaLe rahe, phosi'harAva gAyakavADa pAse je pradeza agAu hatA, te enI pAse rahe ane e agAunI jema marAThA rAjyanI sevA kare.14

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104 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. Ama sAlabAInA karAra nAnA phaDanavIsanI rAjanaitika kunehanA vijayarUpe hatA. pezavA pade pitAnA umedavArane mUkIne marAThA rAjakAraNa para aMkuza meLavavAne aMgreja sarakArane prayAsa niSphaLa banAvI devAyo. raghunAtharAva karAra karAyA pachI koparagAMva gaye ane ceDA mahinAmAM enuM avasAna thayuM. A rIte pezavAnI sarakAra sAme utpAta macAvanAra mukhya baLa jatuM rahyuM. e pachInAM cha varSomAM keI nedhapAtra rAjakIya banAva na banyo. amadAvAdamAM gAyakavADanA sUbA tarIke bhagavaMtarAya zivarAma eka varSa (17.2-83) rahyo. sAlabAInA karAra gAyakavADa pharatesiMharAva mATe duHkhada puravAra thayA. yuddha thatAM pahelAM enI pAse jeTalA pradeza hatA teTalI ja enI pAse rahyA ane amadAvAdano kabaje to bhAre kamane eNe pezavAne pAcho soMpo paDavo (kaTobara 31, 1783). Arthika rIte bhAre kharca kare paDyo hato ane bharUcano hisso gumAvavo paDayo hato. vaDodarAmAM sattA-saMgharSa pharasiMharAvanuM avasAna thatAM (Disembara 21, 1789) rAjA sayAjIrAva vAlI vagarano banI gaye, AthI vaDodarAmAM sattAsaMgharSa pharI cAlu thayo. pharasiMharAvanA avasAna pachI enA nAnA bhAI mAnAjIrAve tarata ja sattA meLavI laI, pezavA sarakAra sAthe pitAnI svIkRti mATe vATAghATa zarU karI. e samaye geviMdarAva puNe najIka AvelA daura gAme rahetA hatA, teNe siMdhiyAnI sahAya laI potAne hakka AgaLa karyo. siMdhiyAe pitAnI bharUca khAtenI lazkarI TukaDIne goviMdarAvanA anaurasa putra kAnhAjIrAva sAthe vaDodarA pahoMcI javA mokalI ApI. bIjI tarapha mAnAjIrAve goviMdarAvanI kAryavAhI sAme muMbaI sarakArane phariyAda karI, paraMtu muMbaI sarakAre daramyAnagIrI karavAno inkAra karyo. mAnAjIrAve AthI puNemAM pitAnA pratinidhi mAraphate goviMdarAva sAthe samAdhAna karavA prayAsa karyo, paNa enuM kaMI nakkara pariNAma Ave te pahelAM mAnAjIrAvanuM avasAna thayuM (eNgasTa 1, 1790). e pahelAM rAjA sayAjIrAva gAyakavADanuM avasAna thayuM hatuM (1782 ). A saMjogomAM vaDodarAnI gAdI geviMdarAvane hakkanI rUe sulabha banI. geviMdarAvane "senA khAsakhela" biruda levAnI chUTa ApavAmAM AvI (Disembara 19, 1793). eNe vaDodarA jatAM puNethI pitAnI sAthe dIvAna tarIke rAvajI ApAjI, tathA bIjI madadanIza vyakti tarIke majumadAra ne phaDana

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5 su] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 105 vIsane lIdhA. ema chatAM vaDAdarAmAM ene praveza muzkelIjanaka banI rahyo. eka tarapha pezavA sarakAre vAdarA rAjya para potAnI adhisattA sthApI dIdhI hatI ane judA judA prakAranA potAnA hakkadAvA raju karI enA paranA Arthika mejo asahya bane evI rIte lAdI dIdhA hatA.15 AvA sa jogAmAM gAviMdarAva vaDAdarA pahAMcyA, paraMtu enA anaurasa putra kAnhAjIrAve ene sAmane karyAM. kAnhAjIrAvanA ja bhADUtI lazkare chevaTe ene dagA dIdhA ane keda karyo ane gAviMdarAvane soMpyA, para Mtu kAnhAjIrAva pitAnI kedamAMthI nAsI chUTayo ane Du Mgara-vistArAmAM jaI paheAMcyA. tyAMnA bhIle enI sAthe joDAyA ane emaNe sakheDA-mahAdharapuranA vistAramAM lUMTaphATa calAvI, emanI sAthe kaDInA sadgata jAgIradAra khaMDerAvane putra mahArarAva paNa joDAyA. malhArarAva pAtAnI gAyakavADane ApavAnI thatI pezakaza 'nI rakama tathA lazkarI sevAnI rakama mApha karAvavA mAgatA hatA. phosiharAva gAyakavADe enI jAgIramAMthI naDiyAda laI lIdhu hatu . kAnhAjIrAva nAsI jatAM geviMdarAve rAjA tarIkenI pharajo sabhALI lIdhI hatI. 1794 mAM gAyakavADanI phAje khaMbhAta para AkramaNa karyu, paraMtu tyAMnA a Mgrejoe ene pAchI haTAvI dIdhI hatI. 1795 mAM pezavA ane nijhAma vacce thayelI khA~nI laDAImAM (mArca 11 ) gAviMdarAva gAyakavADe potAnAM daLa pezavA pakSe bhAga levA mAkalyAM hatAM, * pezavAnA sUe AkhA zelUkara gAvi darAva gAyakavADe vaDeAdarAmAM sattA hAthamAM lIdhA bAda e varSAM zAMti rahI. pezavA mAdhavarAva bIjAnuM avasAna thayu ( oNkaTobara 27, 1995 ). khaTapaTanA kAraNe vilaMba pachI raghunAtharAva(rAdhAbA)neA putra bAjIrAva pezavA anyA ( Disembara 6, 1796 ). eNe pezavApada dhAraNa karyAM bAda tarata ja peAtAnA dasa varSoMnA bhAI cimaNAjIne gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke nImyA ane marAThA rIta pramANe enA nAyaba tarIke AkhA zelUkarane mAkalyA. dakhkhaNanA marAThA rAjakAraNamAM je banAva banelA hatA temAM eka prasa Mge dolatarAva siMdhiyAe nAnA phaDanavIsane enA sAthIdArA sAthe keda karyAM hatA temAM AkhA zailUkaranA paNa samAveza thateA hateA (Disembara 31, 1797). zelUkare potAnA chuTakArA mATe dasa lAkha rUpiyA siMdhiyAne ApavA evI kabUlAta ApI hatI. e rakamanI cukavaNI karI zake e mATe ene nAnA phaDanavIse bAjIrAvanA bhAI cimaNAjInA nAyaba tarIke gujarAtAM meAkaTyA.

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106 ] rolakara ane geAviMdarAva vacce sa`ghaSa pezavA bAjIrAvanI icchA gujarAta prAMtane potAnA hissA pAchA laI levAnI hatI. vaLI e AkhA zelUkara ane gAvidarAva vacce sadha thAya ema paNa icchatA hatA. zekarane e nAnA phaDanavIsanA mANasa tarIke gaNatA hatA te gAviMdarAvate siMdhiyA taraphI,16 goviMdarAve haju rU. 39,82,789 jeTalI rakama pezavAne cUkavavAnI bAkI hatI. geAviMdarAva AkhA zelUkara pratye sadbhAva paNa rAkhatA hateA. enA maMtrI rAvajI ApAjIe gujarAtamAM AvI rahelA zelUrane dasa lAkha rUpiyAnI vyavasthA karI ApI, paraMtu e uchInI rakama parata karavAnI zarata bAbatamAM baMne vacce jhagaDA thatAM gAviMdarAva samakSa e vAta rajU karavAmAM AvI, gAviMdarAve zelUkara sAme lazkarI taiyArI zarU karI te suratanA aMgreja pratinidhi jonAthana DaMkana pAse madadanI mAgaNI karI. DaMkananI icchA suratanI AsapAsane pradeza tathA surata zaheramAM ane jillAmAM ceAthanA hissA gAyakavADanA hatA te briTiza sarakAra mATe laI levAnI hatI. tethI e pramANe mAgaNI karatAM, gAvi darAve jaNAvyuM ke e sAlabhAI karAranA bhaga samAna hAvAthI puNethI e aMge saMmati levI paDe ema che. A aMge kaMI niNya thAya e pahelAM gAviMdarAve zelUkara sAme sakriya pagaluM lIdhuM. marAThA kAla [ pra. ' 9 goviMdarAve zivarAma gAradIne mATI pheAja, tApa, dArUgALA, vagere ApI zelUkara sAme mAkalyeA. gAradIe amadAvAdane ghere dhAhyA ane chevaTe eNe zelUkarane zahera sAMpavAnI pharaja pADI. zelUkara pAse 5,000 astra ane 10,000 nI khIjI pheAja hatI, chatAM e hAryo, chellI paLa sudhI nAcagAna jovAnI Teva eNe chevaTa sudhI cheDI naheAtI. eNe prajA para gujArelAM trAsa ane damanathI e apriya thaI paDayo hateA AthI enI hAra thatAM lekemAM 'hAthamAM daDA bagalamAM mAI, havelI letAM gujarAta khAI ' evI kahevata pracalita banI. 17 zelUkarane kedI banAvavAmAM AvyA te gAyakavADanA senApati bAlAjIe ene erasadanA killAmAM rAkhyA, jyAM e sAta varSa sudhI najarakeda jevI sthitimAM co.18 amadAvAdanA kabajo meLavyA bAda gAyakavADanA sUbedAra tarIke rAvabA dAdA thoDA samaya rahyo te enA pachI raghunAtha mahIpata AvyA, je sAheba 'nA nAmathI lokapriya banyA. eNe 1809 sudhI sarA tarIke vahIvaTa calAvyA. zelU karane keda karyA bAda pariNAma e Avyu ke gAyakavADe uttara gujarAtanA aDadhA bhAga paranuM vahIvaTata Mtra pezavAnuM hatuM te peAtAnA adhikAramAM laI lIdhuM te gujarAta prAMtamAM je vibhAjita sattA hatI tene aMta " kAkA

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5 muM ]. pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 107 lAvI dIdho, paraMtu bIjI bAju pezavAe pitAnA bhAI cimaNAjInI sUbA tarIkenI nimaNUkane radabAtala na karatAM, goviMdarAva gAyakavADane gujarAtamAMnA potAnA tamAma haka vArSika 5 lAkha rUpiyAnA hisAbe pAMca varSa mATe ApyA. A hakkomAM saurASTra tathA seraThanI mahesUla, peTalAda nApADa rANapura, dhaMdhukA ane ghoghAnuM mahesUla tathA khaMbhAtamAM thoDI jakAte ane amadAvAdanA. mahesUlane samAveza thato hato. have pezavAe Apela IjAro TakAvI rAkhavAnI gAyakavADanI tIvra IcchA, muMbaInI aMgreja sarakAranI e vyavasthA cAlu rAkhavAnI nIti tathA pezavAnI gujarAtanA jillAo upara potAnuM Adhipatya cAlu rahe evuM valaNa apanAvavAnI nItinA kAraNe chevaTe pezavA ane briTiza sarakAra vacce saMbaMdho bagaDatA gayA ne enA pariNAme gAyakavADa pezavAthI svataMtra banate gayo. pezavA pitAnA gujarAtanA bhAgone ijAre goviMdarAvane kharekhara suparata kare te pahelAM geviMdarAvanuM avasAna thayuM (okaTobara 1800). A samaye vaDodarA rAjyA Arthika dRSTie ghaNuM nabaLuM paDI gayuM hatuM. vahIvaTataMtramAM geravyavasthA hatI. bhADUtI Araba sainikenuM jora vadheluM hatuM. pezavA ane siMdhiyA gAyakavADanA: rAjyanuM vighaTana thAya evI dRSTithI A paristhiti khUba rasapUrvaka nihALI rahyA hatA. 19 vaDodarA rAjyamAM rAjakIya asthiratA gAdI prApta karavA mATe paNa geviMdarAvanA putro vacce spardhAtmaka saMgharSa zarU thayo. enA 11 putramAM 7 anaurasa hatA, je gAdI mATe hakadAra na hatA. hakkadAra putromAM kAjIrAva meTa hatuM, paraMtu goviMdarAvanI mukhya rANI. gahenAbAInA putra AnaMdarAvane gAdI maLe e mATe vAtAvaraNa sarjAyuM. AnaMdarAva (1800-1819) rAjya calAvavA mATe nirbaLa hovAthI vahIvaTI samiti nImavAmAM AvI temAM dIvAna rAvajI ApAjI mukhya hato. dIvAna rAvajI ApAcha AnaMdarAvanA rAjyArohaNa prasaMge bahAragAma hovAthI takano lAbha laI kA hejIrAva, jene enA pitA goviMdarA kedamAM pUrI rAkhyo hato, teNe pitAno chuTakAro meLavyo ane pitAnA bhAI AnaMdarAvanA salAhakArone saMparka sAdhI, AnaMdarAvane vizvAsa meLavI, pitAnI nimaNUka mutAlika" tarIke karAvI. rAjyanA agatyane vahIvaTadAra banI beThe, paraMtu ene pharI keda karavAmAM Avyo ne rAvajIne pharI vahIvaTI sukAna soMpAyuM. kAnAjIrAvanI mAtA gajarA

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108 ] marAThA kAla [ >> bAI suratamAM zaraNuthI hatI teNe tyAMnA aMgrejonI madada meLavavA prayAsa karyo ane sAthe sAthe kaDInA jAgIradAra mahArarAvane paNa saMparka sAdhyo. vaDodarAmAM rAjyanI bAbatone havAle rAvajI ane bAbAjI e be bhAIoe saMbhALI lIdho hato. rAvajIe mulakI ane bAbAjIe lazkarI kAmagIrI saMbhALI hatI. emaNe gajarAbAInI pravRttinA samAcAra sAMbhaLyA ke tarata ja muMbaI sarakAra pAse rajUAta karI. Ama baMne harIpha pakSee muMbaInA gavarnara DaMkana pAse madada aMge rajUAta karatAM aMgreja sarakAra mATe e sthiti gUMcavADAvALI banI gaI. huMkane mejara vekarane rAvajI ane mahArarAva vacce lavAdI karavA mokalyo ane enI sAthe thoDuM lazkara paNa 'TekArUpe khaMbhAta mekavyuM. mejara vokare vaDodarA pahoMcI (jAnyuArI 1, 1802) paristhiti samajI lIdhI. dIvAna rAvajIe pAMca yuropIya baTaeNliyanano kharca bhogavavAnuM svIkAreluM hatuM ane haMkane pitAnI javAbadArI para 1,600 nuM vadhu sahAyaka lazkara mejara vokaranI AgevAnI nIce kahyuM hatuM. pAchaLathI bIjI kumaka paNa mokalavAmAM AvI hatI. A badhAM ja daLa amadAvAdanI uttare rAvajI ane bAbAjInA lakara sAthe joDAI jAya ane kAmagIrI kare evI rIte goThavaNa hatI, paraMtu caDAIne prazna 1802 nA eprila sudhI pa na hato. 1802 mAM karI levAyuM. malhArarAva zaraNe AvI jatAM ene naDiyAdamAM raheThANa ApavAmAM AvyuM ane peTAvibhAganA mahesUlamAMthI meTI rakama nibhAva mATe ApavAnuM nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM. saMkheDAnA killAno kabaje gaNapatarAva gAyakavADe pitAnA bhatrIjA malhArarAva mATe rAkhele hato, te paNa satvara laI levAyo ne AkhA pradezamAM thaDA samaya mATe zAMti sthapAI (julAI 1802). aMgreja sarakAra ane vaDodarA - karAra gAyakavADa kuTuMbanA sabhyoe je baMDa karelAM te dabAvI devAyAM bAda gAyakavADa sarakAra ane aMgreja sarakAra vacce sattAvAra karAra karavA evuM agAuthI nakkI karAyuM hatuM. rAvajIe gavarnara DaMkAnI be vAra mulAkAta lIdhI hatI ene AdhAre navesarathI karAranI bhUmikA taiyAra karI levAmAM AvI, joke badhI paristhiti zAMta banyA pachI karArano amala karavAno hato, chatAM lazkarI kAmagIrI zarU thatAM pahelAM cerAsI paragaNuM ane suratanI ethane gAyakavADane hika ApI

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 109 devAmAM AvyAM hatAM. have thayelA karAra mujaba(6 jUna, 1803) malhArarAvanuM baMDa. zamAvI devAyA bAda aMgreja sarakAre Apela 2,000 nI pheja tathA topakhAnuM rAkhavAno kharca mahine rU. 65,000 thato hato te gAyakavADe bhogavavAno hato ane a greja sarakArane "jAyadAda" eTale ke Upaja ApavAnI hatI. ghoLakA ane naDiyAdanA bhAga malhArarAvane apAyelA na hatA temAMthI AvI jAyadAda" ApavAnI hatI. kaDI jItavAmAM madada karavA badala InAma tarIke cIkhalI ApavAmAM AvyuM. muMbaI ane vaDodarAmAM parasparanA resiDenTa mekalavAnuM nakkI karAyuM. vaDodarAmAM mulakI vahIvaTamAM bhADUtI Araba lakaranI je pakaDa ane dakhala hatI temAMthI chukAro meLavavA mATe e Arabane emanA pagAranI caDelI bAkI rakama 17 lAkha cUkavI 7,000 jeTalA sainikone rAvajIe mukta karyo. dIvAna rAvajIe aMgreja sarakAra pratye sabhAvanA rAkhI vaphAdArI batAvI. je kAmagIrI karI teno badale muMbaI sarakAre ene ane enA vaMzajone vaDodarA rAjyanuM dIvAnapada ApIne vALI Apyo. vasAI karAra muMbaI sarakAra ane vaDodarA sarakAra vacce je sahAyakArI-saMdha prakAranA karAra thayA (jUna 6, 1802) tene mahArAjA AnaMdarAve bahAlI ApatAM. (julAI 29, 18 02) e sattAvAra karAra banyA. nAnA phaDanavIsanA avasAna (mArca 13, 1800) pachI pezavA bAjIrAva ane dolatarAva siMdhiyA paranA tamAma aMkuza jatA rahyA hatA. siMdhiyA ane hoLakaranI parasparanI virodhI pravRttio ane aMgreja sarakAranI marAThA rAjakAraNamAM vadhatI jatI daramyAnagIrIne lIdhe, pezavAne chevaTe aMgreja sarakAra sAthe vasAInA karAra karI ApavA paDyA (Disembara 31, 1802). emAM aMgreja sarakAre bAjIrAvanA pradezanuM rakSaNa pitAnA pradezanI jema karavA mATenI javAbadArI lIdhI, pezavAe sahAyaka lazkarI daLa rAkhavAnuM svIkAryuM, ane enA kharca mATe vArSika rU. 26 lAkhanI UpajavALA pradeza ApavAnuM kabUlyuM. e pradezamAM suratane vArSika rU. 12,28,000nI UpajavALo pradeza mukhya hate. pezavAe e uparAMta gAyakavADe aMgreja sarakAra sAthe mitratAnA karAra karyA hoya tene mAnya rAkhavAnuM ane gAyakavADa sAthe je prazno ke samazyA UbhAM thAya temAM briTiza lavAdIne svIkAravAnuM kabUla rAkhyuM. 21 gujarAtanI

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[y. "110 ] marAThA kAla dRSTie joIe te pezavAe ApelA pradezathI surata jillA para briTiza sattA sthapAI gaI. gAyakavADe te eno hisso e agAu aMgreja sarakArane soMpI dIdhuM hatuM. mejara vAkaranuM kArya muMbaI sarakAre mejara vokaranI vaDodarA rAjyamAM resiDenTa tarIke nimaNUka karatAM e vaDedarAmAM Avyo (julAI 11, 18 02 ) ane nAmadhArI rAjA AnaMdarAvane potAnA aMkuzamAM laI lIdho. briTiza phAje vaDodarA kabaje karyuM. kAnAjIrAva sAthe joDAyelA Araba sivAyanA bIjA zaraNe AvyA ne emane bAkI rahele pagAra cUkavI ApatAM, teo gujarAta cheDIne cAlyA gayA, paraMtu kAjIrAvane 1803 nA phebruArI sudhI jItI zakAyo na hato. A arasAmAM heLakara ane siMdhiyA madhya hiMdamAM moTI lazkarI pravRttio karI rahyA hatA ane gujarAtamAM banatA banAvo para prabhaka najara nAkhI rahyA hatA. hoLakaranA pIMDhArAonI eka TukaDIe surata aThThAvIsI para dhADa pADI ane mahInara e kasabAne tArAja karyo, paraMtu tyAMnA bApu kAmavIsadAre emane nasADI mUkyo. siMdhiyAe paNa vaDodarA rAjya vikaTa paristhitimAMthI pasAra thaI rahyuM hatuM temAMthI lAbha levAnI IcchAthI potAno amadAvAdanA IjArAmAM rahele 10 lAkha rUpiyAne dAvo raju karyo. eNe eka lazkarI TukaDI gujarAtanA uttara jillAomAM ekalI devagaDha bAriyA vAMsadA vagere lUMTAvyAM. chevaTe dIvAna rAvajIe aMgrejonI madadathI siMdhiyA sAthe samAdhAna karyuM. je samayamAM mejara vaikara Ara ane kanojIrAva sAme rokAyela hato. te samaye kaDInA jAgIradAra malhArarAve saurASTramAM jaI baMDa karyuM ane tyAMnA marAThA pradezamAM lUMTaphATa calAvI, paraMtu chevaTe ene harAvavAmAM Avyo (me 3, 1802) ane bIjA baMDakhera gaNapatarAva gAyakavADane paNa harAvavAmAM Avyo.22 vaDodarAmAM jyAre kaTokaTI prarvatI rahI hatI tyAre siMdhiyA ane kalakattAnI aMgreja sarakAra vacce jhagaDo thAya evI peravI pezavA karI rahyo hate. chevaTe je banyuM temAM siMdhiyA ane aMgrejo vacce yuddha thatAM vaDodarAmAM rahela aMgreja lazkare siMdhiyA tAbAnA bharUca ane pAvAgaDhane kille kabaje kya. aMte siMdhiyA ane aMgreja sarakAra vacce suI aMjanagAMvanA karAra thayA (Disembara 30, 1803 ) te anusAra siMdhiyAe pezavA nijhAma tathA gAyaka

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pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 111 vADa paranA badhA hakka cheDI dIdhA ane je je khaMDiyA tAbedAra rAjAoe aMgreja sarakAra sAthe alaga alaga karAra karyA hoya temanuM svAtaMtrya svIkAryuM. aMgreja sarakAre siMdhiyAne pAvAgaDha ane dAhoda pAchAM saMpyAM, jyAre bharUca pitAnA kabajAmAM rAkhyuM. siMdhiyA sAthenI laDAImAM gAyakavADanI lazkarI TukaDIe aMgreja pakSe bhAga lIdho hato teno kharca muMbaInI aMgreja sattA gAyakavADa pAsethI vasUla lIdhe hatuM. A arasAmAM puNe khAtenA briTiza resiDenTa gAyakavADane amadAvAdanA IjArAnI mudata pharI laMbAvI ApavAmAM Ave e mATe prayAsa karyA hatA. e IjArAnI mudata 1804mAM pUrI thatI hatI. e IjAro pharI dasa varSa mATe laMbAvI ApavA mATe bhAre prayAsa resiDenTa karyA. eno hetu amadAvAdamAM be prakAranAM sarakAra ane vahIvaTa cAle tethI je agavaDa paDe te nivAravAne hato. resiDenTanA prayAsone pariNAme pezavAe IjArAnI mudata pharI dasa varSa mATe laMbAvI ApI. ijArA vArSika 4 lAkha rUpiyA pramANe bhagavaMtarAva gAyakavADane ApavAmAM Avyo ( kabara 1805). A tarapha gAyakavADa ane aMgreja sattA vacce nirNAyaka karAra (Definitive Treaty) thayA. amadAvAdanA IjArAnI mudata pharI vadhArI ApavAthI agAunA samayamAM thayelA badhA karAra, jevA ke 1802 no karAra, vasAIne karAra vagerene eka ja karAramAM samAviSTa karavAmAM AvyA ra4 A navA karAramAM agAunA badhA karArone maMjura rAkhavAmAM AvyA ane e badhAnI jogavAIone vasAInA karAranI jogavAIo sAdhe susaMgata banAvavAmAM AvI. sahAyaka daLanA nibhAva kharca mATe vArSika rU. 11,70,000 nI UpajavALA jillA ApavAmAM AvyA. 1802 mAM Arabene cUkavavA mATe ApelI uchInI rakama parata levAnI goThavaNa paNa nakkI karavAmAM AvI. saurASTramAM jarUra paDatAM sahAyaka daLane amuka bhAga satvara maLI zake evuM paNa nakkI karAyuM. gAyakavADanA tamAma jhagaDAomAM, eTale ke mAtra videzI rAjyo sAthe ja nahIM paNa nANAkIya levaDadevaDanA hisAbenI goThavaNamAM pezavA sAthe je kaMI prazno upasthita thAya temAM paNa aMgreja sattA lavAda tarIke rahe ane je nirNaya Ape te kabUla rAkhavAnuM TharAvAyuM. zivAe gAyakavADane amadAvAdano IjAre pharI laMbAvI Ape e bAbata khUba sUcaka hatI. pezavA A samaye aMgreja sattA sAme eka marAThA saMdha racavAnI yojanA ghaDI rahyo hato. pitAnuM sthAna ane sattA videzI sattAnI lavAdI para AdhArita che e bAbatanI jANa e enA marAThA

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112 ] marAThA kAla saradArone thavA devA mAgato na hato, vaLI amadAvAdane ijA daza varSa jevI lAMbI mudata mATe tAjo karI Apo emAM paNa ene cokkasa hetu hate. gAyakavADa pAsenI potAnI nANAkIya mAgaNIonA saMbaMdhamAM briTiza sattA gAyakavADanA taMtramAM lavAdI tarIke tapAsa karavAmAM pravRttizIla rahe ane dhyAna keMdrita kare, jyAre pote dakhaNamAM e sattA viruddha kAvatarAM vinA avarodhe racI zake ane dhyAna keMdrita karI zake, tethI zivA dareka tabakake gAyakavADa taraphathI thatI rajuAto para game te bahAnuM kADhI vicAraNA calAvavAnuM AvAM kAraNosara mulatavI rAkhato gayo ane vilaMbamAM nAkhato rahyo. lagabhaga be varSa sudhI koI mahattvapUrNa banAva gujarAta saMbaMdhamAM na banyo. bAbAie saurASTranA lakaranA havAle choDI dIdho ane viThThalarAva devAjIne Apyo. e vaDodarA Avyo ane mulakI vahIvaTItaMtramAM joDAI gayo. vokara paNa vaDodarA rAjyanI bAbatamAM ane heLakaranA darabAramAM bhAgeDu tarIke rahelA kAnhAjIrAvanA humalAo ane khaTapaTo sAme pratikAra karavAnI vyavasthAmAM pravRtta rahyo. eNe AbA zelUkarane tene muMbaInI sattAne havAle karI dIdhe, jethI e navAM kAvatarAM karI na zake. A pachI karnala vokare saurASTranI khaMDaNInA praznanuM nirAkaraNa karavA tarapha dhyAna kendrita karyuM. vaDedarA rAjyanA mahArAjA AnaMdarAvanI cittabhramanI sthiti cAlu hatI. heLakaranI chAvaNImAMthI giraphatAra thayelA enA bhAI phattesiMharAvane choDAvavAmAM Avyo ane ene rAjyapAlaka (Regent) banAvavAmAM Avyo (eprila 3, 1806).14 dIvAna sItArAma, je enA pitA rAvajI ApAjI pachI hakkanI rUe dIvAna banyo hato te, bhAre binaAvaDatavALo ne khaTapaTI hato. potAnI sattA TakI rahe e mATe e sthAnika marAThA saradAra ane lazkarI adhikArIone satata urakerato rahe che, AthI enA taraphano ya ocho karavA pharasiMharAvanI pasaMdagI karavAmAM AvI hatI. pharasiMharAva (bIjA) rAjyapAlaka tarIke 1818 sudhI zAsana calAvyuM. ene madadarUpa banavA bAbAjIne saurASTramAMthI lAvavAmAM Avyo. e baMnee maLIne dIvAna sItArAmanAM sattA ane prabhAva ochAM karyA. aDhAramI sadI ane ogaNIsamI sadInA AraMbhamAM saurASTramAM rAjakIya sthiti bhAre gUMcavADAvALI, vyavasthAtaMtra vagaranI ane rAjakIya kusaMpe laDAI temaja arAjakatAvALI hatI, tyAM rAjakIya ekatAno abhAva hate.

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 113 sulagIrI saurASTranI sAmAjika sthiti joIe te vastI mATe bhAga be vargorAjAo(bhUmiyA) ane khetIkAro(rayata)mAM-vahecAyelo hato. rAjAno adhikAra mAtra eka gAma pUratuM maryAdita hoya athavA enAthI vadhu gAma para enI sattA pravartatI. raiyata rAjyamAM lAMbA samayathI vasavATa karatI prajA hatI. rAjAo athavA saradAro mATe bhAge uttara ke uttara-pUrva dizAmAMthI AvelA ane baLapUrvaka sattA hAMsala karanArA hatA. ahIM rahetA muslima amIro amadAvAdanA darabAramAMthI chUTA thaI kismata ajamAvavA AvelA hatA. kAThIo mukhyatve lUMTaphATa tathA Dhera corI javAnA vyavasAyamAM pravRtta rahetA. dariyAkAMThe vasatA miyANA ane vAghero vahANe bhAMgavAne ane cAMciyAgIrIne dhaMdhe karatA. rAjapUtonI paNa vipula saMkhyA hatI. teo saurASTramAM judA judA bhAgamAM sattAdhIza banelA hatA. teo tathA emanA saradAra pate meLavelI jamInamAMthI thoDe bhAga potAnA sagAone ApatA. AvA leke garAziyA tarIke oLakhAyA. jeo sAhasika ane parAkramI hatA teo emanA paDozIonI jamIna paDAvI laI enA mAlika banI jatA. jyAre emanI sattA pUrepUrI jAmI jAya tyAre teo svataMtra sattA bhogavatA. teomAM ThAkara, rAvaLa, 'rANuM ke rAjA, tAlukadAra vagere vyavasthita varga racAyA. 25 badhAM nAnAM moTAM rAjya A rIte racAyAM. teonI vaccenA saMbaMdho mATe "baLavAnano siddhAMta" kAma karate. baLavAna nabaLAne dabAvI dete. badhe ja sAmAnyapaNe avizvAsanuM vAtAvaraNa phelAyeluM rahetuM. vahIvaTItaMtra mATe cokkasa dhAraNa na hatuM. verA lAdavAmAM AvatA ane enI vasUlAta vakhate leka sAmane karatA, AthI caDiyAtI tAkAtane ja namatuM ApavAnI praNAlikA amalamAM AvI. AvI paddhatithI ghaNAM aniSTa sarjAyAM. rAjyanAM zakti ane prabhAva nabaLAM paDatAM gayAM ane joradAra humalAo sAme sAmane karanAranuM astitva bhUMsAI gayuM. AvA prakAranI sthAnika vicitratA ane prAMtamAM sAmAnya ekatAne abhAvanA kAraNe mughale ane marAThAone mahesUla ugharAvavA mATe tyAM kAyamI meTAM lazkara rAkhIne bhAre kharca bhogavavA karatAM samaye samaye savArI karavAnI paddhati vadhu asarakAraka ane lAbhadAyI lAgI. muslimoe AvI paddhati apanAvI haze, emanuM anukaraNa marAThAoe karyuM hovAno saMbhava che, kAraNa ke muslima jodhapurathI dvArakA sudhInA vistAromAM khaMDaNI ugharAvatA hatA. I-7-8

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114 ] marAThA kAla [ . amadAvAdanA keTalAka sUbedAroe pitAnA khaMDiyA pradezane vasUlAta mATe traNa vartuLomAM vahecyA hatA ane pote dareka vastuLane eka eka varSa havAle saMbhALatA ane lazkara sAthe jatA. A " pradeza-halle " karavAnI paddhati mulakagIrI" " kahevAtI; jo ke jUnAgaDhanA bAbI zAsaka ane bhAvanagaranA rAjA emanA nabaLA paDozIonA pradeza para potAnI AgavI rIte hale karatA ne mahesula ugharAvatA. khaMDaNI mATenuM dheraNa nakkI rahetuM. gayA varSe je mAgaNI karI hoya tenAthI ochI mAgaNI bIjA varSe karavI nahi e marAThAoe niyama apanAvyo hato. ochI mAgaNI karavAnI paddhati bhaviSyamAM khaMDaNI ochI karavA mATe udAharaNarUpa banI na jAya e mATe teo khAsa kALajI rAkhatA. teo eka ke be varSanI bAkI khaMDaNI pUrepUrI cUkavAya to ochA dare vasUla levAnuM pasaMda karatA, paraMtu je nakkI thAya tenI barAbara pUrI rIte vasUlAta letA. Ama kalpita khaMDaNI, jene "jamA " kahevAmAM AvatI te, uparAMta "kharAjAta" nAmanI vadhArAnI rakama paNa ugharAvAtI, paraMtu enA pramANane AdhAra marAThAo pAse e samaye keTaluM larakarI pIThabaLa che enA para rahete. AvI "kharA-jAta nI zarUAta zivarAma gAradIthI thaI ane bAbAjI tathA viThThalarAve emAM vadhAro karyo. emaNe vasUlAtanuM kArya khUba takedArIthI karyuM. 1808 pahelAM viThThalarAva pAse evuM zaktizALI lazkara rahetuM ke "kharA-jAtane bhAga hamezAM khaMDaNInI samagra rakamamAM vadhu rahetA. AvI rakama loka virodha sAthe cUkavatA. briTiza daramyAnagIrI 19 mI sadInA AraMbhamAM saurASTramAM AvI rAjakIya sAmAjika ane Arthika zoSaNanI sthiti pravartatI hatI te samaye gohilavADa ane soraThane nAnA ThAkoroe vaDodarAnA resiDenTa pAse jUnAgaDhanA navAba ane bhAvanagaranA rAjAonI mulakagIrI sAme rakSaNa mAgyuM ane badalAmAM teoe emanI rAjyanI sarvopari sattA, amuka zaratone AdhIna rahIne, briTiza sattAne soMpavA taiyArI batAvI, paraMtu muMbaInI aMgreja sattAnuM pezavA siMdhiyA ane gAyakavADanA rAjyanI bAbatamAM dhyAna keMdrita hovAthI emaNe A bAbata lakSamAM lIdhI nahi, paraMtu 1807 mAM vaDodarAnA resiDenTa karnala vokarane mokalavAmAM Avyo. eNe ane viThThalarAva devAjIe bhegA maLI je rIte AkhA praznanuM samAdhAna karyuM te A graMthamAM anyatra vigatavAra nirUpavAmAM AvyuM che. "vokara seTalamenTa " tarIke khyAta banelA A samAdhAnanAM nANukIya ane

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5 su] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 115 rAjakIya pAsAM hatAM.ra6 darabArA rAjAe mukhIe| vagere pAsethI levAtI khaMDaNI-paddhatimAM je pheraphAra thayA te khAsa noMdhapAtra che. pahelu te| e thayuM ke briTiza sattA sAthenA khAMDaNI ApanAranA sabaMdha navA dheAraNe racAyA, khIjuM ke baMne pakSA--gAyakavADa ane khaMDaNI ApanArAo-para briTiza sattAnA prabhAva bhAre paDyo tathA muMbaInI aMgreja sattA ane vaDAdarA rAjyanI sattA vaccenA saMbaMdha vadhu gADha banyA. trIjuM e jovAmAM AvyuM ke navI paristhitimAM pezavA ane gAyakavADa vaccenA praznonuM nirAkaraNa thavAmAM vilaMba thatA rahyo ane vadhu carcAe cAlatI rahI, kAraNa ke prastuta samAdhAnamAM pezavAnAM sattA ane adhikAra vize mauna rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM; jo ke 1807-1808 nA samayamAM pezavAnA gujarAtanA pradezAneA ijArA gAyakavADa pAse rahyo hatA tethI kadAca Avu banavA pAmyuM haze. pAchaLathI eTale ke ijArAnI mudata pUrI thatAM (1814) pezavAe A bAbatane barAbara samajI laI, gAyakavADa sAthe vATAghATAmAM vilaMbanI nIti peAtAnA anya rAjakIya hetusara apanAvI hatI. cothuM ane chelluM lakSaNa e hatu.saurASTranA samagra mahesulI ta MtramAM je anizcitatA pravatatI hatI te dUra thaI. darabArA saradArA rAjAe vagerenA emanI prajA sAthenA saMbaMdha sudhAravAnA ane vadhu lAbhadAyI banAvavAnA saMgIna prayAsa thayA hatA. saurASTramAM pezavAnA bhAga 6 vokara seTalamenTa ' thayuM te samaye pezavAnA pradezeAtA ijArA gAyakavADa pAse hatA. 1804 mAM pezavAe ene dasa varSa mATe ApyA hatA, paraMtu A t samAdhAna thayA pachI paNa cha varSa sudhI pezavAne ' vAkara-seTalamenTa 'mAM karavAmAM AvelI vyavasthAnI jANa sattAvAra karavAmAM AvI na hatI, ijArAnI mudata pUrI thatI vakhate (114) puNenA aMgreja resiDenTe e jArA pezavA pharI pAcho tAjo karI Ape ane mudata laMbAvI Ape e mATe bhAre prayAsa karyAM. karAranA musaddAmAM samagra hisAba rajU karavAmAM AvyA hatA. ' vokaraseTalamenTa 'nI nANAkIya bAbatamAM karAranA pAlana mATe je jAmInagIrI dasa varSa mATe levAI hatI ane dasa varSe e badalavAnI hatI, evuM darzAvavAne badale resiDenTe bhUlathI khaMDaNInI rakamane dasa varSI mATe niyata karelI batAvI. hakIkatamAM khaMDaNInI rakama tA kAyama mATe niyata karavAmAM AvI hatI. resiDenTe AvA bhUlavALA muddo rajU karatAM pezavAe pote vATAghATA lakhAvavAnA hetuthI eka musaddo taiyAra karyAM, jemAM eNe khaMDaNI dasa varSo mATe nakkI

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116 ] sarADA kAla [31. thaI hovAthI, samaya vItyA bAda emAM vadhArA karavA joIe evI rajUAta karI ane e paNa jaNAvyuM ke gAyakavADe amuka rakama, je vadhArAnI rakama tarIke udharAvI che te paNa pezavAne ApI devI joIe. vadhunAM eNe evuM mAnyAnuM jaNAvyu` ke khaDaNI mATe briTiza sattA jAmIna tarIke rahelI che tethI eNe pezavAne badhI rakama apAvavI joIe. Ama pezavAe khUbIpUrvaka bokara-seTalamenTa 'tuM adhaTana resiDenTanI bhUlanA kAraNe kayuM". pezavAnA A muddo gAyakavADa ane emanA jAmIna a Mgrejone amAnya hAvAthI bane pakSa vacce samajUtI para AvavAnuM zakaya na hatuM. 6 resiDenTa je samaye pezavA pAse jArAtI muddata vadhArI ApavA prayAsa karateA hatA te samaye pezavA ane gAyakavADa vacce kha`DaNInI ane anya rakamonI bAbatamAM ukela lAvavA vaDedarAthI gAMgAdhara zAstrIne mokalavAmAM AvyA ( baiMkaTezakhara 29, 1813 ). zAstrIe agAu pezavAnA kAryolayamAM hAziyAra kArakUna tarIke nAmanA meLavI hatI ane vaDAdarAmAM 1802 mAM briTiza resiDensInI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI tyAre dIvAna rAvajI ApAjI sAthe ene vaDAdarA mekalavAmAM AvyeA hateA. zAstrIe resiDensImAM dezI sahAyaka tarIkenI nokarI svIkArI ane vAdarAmAM banatA badhA banAvo ke resiDenTa viruddha thatI vAtA ane bAbateAthI mAhitagAra rahI badhI mAhitI resiDenTane ApavAnI kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI, AthI vaDAdarAnA rAjakuTu'bamAM rANI, dIvAna sItArAma rAvajI vagere enA pratye dhikkAra batAvatA thayA. pariNAme briTizavirodhI eka jUtha racAyu'. e jUthe emanA taraphathI rajUAta karavA ane pezavAnA TekA meLavavA 1814 mAM goviMdarAva baMdhujI gAyakavADane puNe mAkaye.. puNemAM rasetacha mAdI ane tryaMbakajI De gaLee vidarAvane mitra banAvyeA. TUMka samayamAM vAdarAthI bhagavadaMtarAva gAyakavADa paNa AvA ja kAma mATe puNe gayA. gAvi MdarAva ane bhagavaMtarAve muMbaInI a Mgreja sattAnA kAryAlayamAM peAtAnA mANasa rAkhIne briTiza yAjanA ane pagalAMnI mAhitI gupta rIte maLatI rahe evI vyavasthA karI. puNemAM vaDodarAnA mANasa kevI pravRttie karI rahyA che enI jANa gaMgAdhara zAstrI vaDAdarAmAM resiDenTane karatA rahetA. AthI gaMgAdhara zAstrI vaDerAmAM ane bahAranA bhAgeAmAM bhAre TIkApAtra vyakti banI gayA.

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [117 gaMgAdhara zAstrInI hatyA zivAnI gAyakavADa pAse ghaNI meTI laheNI rakama nIkaLatI hatI. vArSika rUpiyA 24 lAkhanI khaMDaNI tathA uttarAdhikArI-pada mATenI najarANuM nI rakama ghaNA samayathI gAyakavADa pAse caDatI thaI hatI. AvI rakama 1753 thI traNa karoDa jeTalI gaNavAmAM AvatI hatI. 27 pezavAe gAyakavADa pAse A rakama mAgI. have pezavA AmAM vilaMba karavA mAgato na hato. enA nirAkaraNa mATe 1887 thI prayAsa zarU karavAmAM AvyA hatA. pharasiMharAve 1812 mAM A kAma mATe gaMgAdhara zAstrIne mokalavAnuM sUcavyuM. muMbaInI sattAe ene mATe saMmati ApI ane zAstrIne rakSaNanI khAsa bAMhedharI ApI e kAma svIkAravA anurodha karyo. kAmagIrInI vigato nakkI karavAmAM vaDodarA sarakAra, vaDodarA resiDensI, muMbaInI sattA, puNe resiDensI ane pezavA sarakArane lagabhaga eka varSa vItI gayuM. vaDedarA choDatAM pahelAM zAstrIe potAnuM vasiyatanAmuM taiyAra karyuM ane enA para phattesiMharAve hastAkSara karyA ! e agAu zAstrIe potAnI nokarI vaDodarA resiDensImAMthI gAyakavADa sarakAramAM mutAlika-pade vArSika rU. 6000 nA pagArathI pharasiMharAvanI mAgaNIthI tabadIla karI hatI. zivA-gAyakavADa vacce je bIje carcAspada muddo hato te taLa-gujarAtamAM gAyakavADa sAthenA aDadhA hissAno hato. amadAvAdanI vyavasthAmAM pitAnA aDadhA bhAgane hisse pezavAe goviMdarAva gAyakavADanA putra bhagavaMtarAvane Apyo hato. e ijAre pezavAe dasa varSa mATe gAyakavADa prativarSa 4 lAkha rUpiyA ene Ape e zarate pharI laMbAvI Apyo hato. (oNkaTobara 2, 1804) ane e dasa varSanI mudata 1814 mAM pUrI thavA AvatI hatI. briTiza sattAnI hArdika icchA e IjAro gAyakavADane vadhu mudata mATe pharI laMbAvI ApavAmAM Ave evI hatI, paraMtu pezavAe enI mudata vadhu laMbAvI ApavAnI spaSTa nA pADI ane eka likhita AdezathI e ijAro enA mAnItA yaMbakajI DuMgaLane Apyo (kaTobara 23, 1814). tyaMbakajIe jAte amadAvAda na jatAM pitAnA vatI viThThala narasiMhane mokalI Apo. gaMgAdhara zAstrI puNe AvyA bAda (phebruArI 1814) pezavAe pitAnA vatI vaDedarAnA pratinidhio sAthe vATAghATe calAvavA yaMbakajInI nimaNuka karI. zAstrI pratye pezavA ane enA pratinidhionAM valaNa ane vyavahAra

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118 ]. marAThA kela [ 5. zuSka rahyAM. puNenA resiDenTa jUnamAM muMbaI sarakArane puNemAM rahIne kAvatarAM karatA geviMdarAva baMdhujI vize phariyAda karI hatI. gaMgAdhara zAstrIne paNa lAgyuM ke jhagaDAmAM mArI madhyasthIne svIkAravAnI pezavAnI IcchA nathI ane dareka jaNa mArI pAsethI nANuM kaDhAvavA mAge che, AthI eNe vaDodarA pAchA pharavAnuM nakkI karyuM. tyAM ene dIvAnapada cokakasapaNe ApavAmAM AvanAra hatuM. puNene resiDenTa eriphansana paNa e sAthe sahamata thaye, paraMtu zAstrIne lAgyuM ke jo huM kazuM paNa siddha karyA vagara vaDodarA pAcho pharIza te mArA harIpha sItArAma ane vaDodarAnA adhikArI vargane vadhu baLa maLaze ane teo virodhI pravRttio vadhu karaze. bIjI bAju zivAne lAgatuM hatuM ke zAstrInI kAmagIrI briTiza sattAe goThavI hatI ane je zAstrI nAlezIbharI sthitimAM vaDodarA pAcho pharaze te briTiza sattA amArA ane gAyakavADI sarakAra para bhAre nArAja thaze ane ene badale leze, AthI emAMthI mArga kaI rIte kADha e vicAravAmAM bAjIrAva ane yaMbakajIe 1814 nuM varSa vitAvyuM. 1815 nA AraMbhamAM goviMdarAvane anaurasa putra bhagavaMtarAva gAyakavADa puNe gayo ane navesarathI khaTapaTa zarU thaI. pezavAe ene bhAre mAna ApyuM. pezavAne enA vaDedarAmAMnA guptacara taraphathI evA samAcAra maLyA ke vaDodarAmAM AnaMdarAva ane pharasiMharAvane briTiza rakSakonA jAptAmAM lagabhaga kedI jevI sthitimAM rAkhavAmAM AvyA che. zivAe A bAbatanI puNenA presiDenTa eliphansanane jANa karatAM resiDenTa e mAnavA nA pADI, AthI emanI vacce pezavA ane gAyakavADanAM sthAna-maratabA vize ugra carcA thaI. emAM gAyakavADa amArA khaMDiyA rAjA tarIke lAMbA samayathI hovAthI enI muzkelInA samayamAM sArasaMbhALa rAkhavAnI amArI pharaja che ane e mATe ame amArA vizvAsu pratinidhione resiDenTathI alaga rIte melavA mukhatyAra chIe evo dA pezavAe rajU karyo. eliphansTane evI rajUAtane nakArI kADhI ane zivAnI svAdhIne sattAne InkAra karyo. Ama dAvA ane pratidAvA lAMbA samaya sudhI carcAtA rahyA. 1815 nA varSamAM aMgreja sattA nepALa-yuddhamAM rokAyelI hatI ane ene vAraMvAra pIchehaTha karavI paDatI hatI tethI vaDodarA ane puNenA siDenToe pezavAnI bAbatamAM ugra valaNa levAnuM vicArapUrvaka nivAryuM. 1815 nA phebruArImAM eliphanTane sItArAmanA pratinidhionI khaTapaTI pravRttiono ullekha pezavA samakSa karI emane briTiza havAle karavA tAkIda karI. jo tame ema na kare te ame gaMgAdhara zAstrIne vaDodarA pAchA javA kahIzuM

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pezavAI sattAnI paDatI ( 119 ema jaNAvyuM. eliphansTane zAstrIne vaDedarA pAchA javA kahyuM, paraMtu zAstrIe potAnI rIte kAma karavAnI IcchA dekhADatAM thaDe samaya ApavA vinaMtI karI, je maMjUra rAkhavAmAM AvI. paristhitimAM A pramANe vaLAMka AvatAM pezavA bAjIrAva ane vyaMbakajI mATe bhAre gUMcavADe Ubho thayo. je briTiza madhyasthI cheDI devAmAM Ave te laheNI rakamano ukela Ave ema nahatuM ane je zAstrIne khAlI hAthe pAcho pharavA devAmAM Ave te aMgreja sattAne potAnuM svamAna ghavAyAnI lAgaNI thAya ane pariNAme pezavA ene gAyakavADa parano adhikAra ane laheNI. rakama paNa gumAve, AthI pezavA ane yaMbakajIe zAstrI pratyenA vyavahAramAM acAnaka parivartana lAvI, saujanya batAvI vivekathI vATAghATe zarU karI. gAyakavADa vArSika 7 lAkhanI UpajavALo pradeza pezavAne Ape ane gAyakavADa kAyama mATe pezavAnA baMdhanamAMthI chuTakAro meLavI zake evI darakhAsta eNe rajU karI. zAstrIe ene AvakArI ane vaDodarA maMjUrI mATe mokalI ApI. elphinsTane zAstrIne maMjUrI AvatAM sudhI rokAI javA kahyuM. bIjI bAjue pezavA ane saMbakajIe mArca ane eprile daramyAna zAstrI pratye vivekapUrNa ane mIThe vyavahAra rAkhI, ene vizvAsa saMpAdita karI nikaTatA keLavI ane eka tabakake zAstrIne vaDodarA cheDI puNe AvI pezavAnA maMtrI tarIke joDAI javAnI darakhAsta karI. AvI bhrAmaka vAto ane vyavahArathI zAstrI aMjAI gayuM. eNe puNemAM janoIvata bhAre dhAmadhUmathI UjavyuM (eprila 19) emAM pezavAe paNa hAjarI ApI. e pachI pezavAe pitAnI sALInuM lagna zAstrInA putra sAthe karavAnI darakhAsta karI. pezavAmAM AvelA AvA prakAranA parivartanathI badhAe bhAre Azcarya anubhavyuM. muMbaInI aMgreja sattAne zAstrInI AvI rItabhAta pasaMda nahatI, kAraNa AvA lagnasaMbaMdhothI gAyakavADanA rAjyamAM daramyAnagIrI karavAnA pezavAnA hakkano svIkAra thatuM hatuM ane vaLI zAstrI puNe darabAramAM briTiza bAMhedharI ane rakSaNa heThaLa elacI tarIke AvyA hatA, AthI muMbaInI aMgreja sattAe zAstrInI kAmagIrI jema bane tema jaladIthI ATopI levAno hukama karyo (me 8), paraMtu e hukama puNe Ave e pahelAM zAstrI nAsika yaMbaka ane paMDharapuranI yAtrA karavA mATe ane nAsikamAM pitAnA putranA lagnanI ujavaNI mATe nIkaLI gayo hato. daramyAnamAM vaDodarAthI saMdeze Avyo ke pharasiMharAva pezavAne 7 lAkha

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[ pra. 1ra0 ] marAThA kAla rUpiyAnI UpajavALA pradeza ApavAnI darakhAta mAnya rAkhI nathI, AthI zAstrIne bhAre dvidhA thaI ane eNe pezavAthI khUbIpUrvaka chUTA paDI javA vicAyuM. eNe putranAM lagna karavAnI nA pADatAM pezavAnuM svamAna bhAre ghavAyuM. lagnanI sarva taiyArI thaI cUkI hatI ane zAstrIe vicAra badalI nAkhatAM pezavA jevA marAThA rAjyanA vaDAnuM apamAna yaMbakajIthI sahevAya ema na hatuM tethI eNe zAstrInI paMDharapuramAM hatyA karAvI nAkhI. A hatyAnA hatyArAnI tapAsa karavA mATe yaMbakajI temaja pezavAe koI utAvaLa na karatAM ke tajavIja na karatAM emanuM valaNa chatuM thayuM. eliphansTanane AvA dukRtyanI jANa thatAM (julAI 25), eNe zivAne kaDaka Thapako Apato patra lakhI cuMbakajI, goviMdarAva baMdhujI ane bhagavaMtarAva sAme pagalAM levA tAkIda karI, eliphansane puNe pahoMcI jaI A mAmalAmAM kaDaka valaNa apanAvI tapAsa karI ane jaNAyuM ke kAvatarAmAM yaMbakajI ane pezavA saMDovAyelA hatA. eNe yaMbakajIne zikSA karavA pezavAne jaNAvyuM ane puNe lazkarI jamAvaTa karavA hukama kADhavyA. eliphansTane turta ja cuMbakajIne seMpI devA pezavAne jaNAvyuM (sapTembara 4), paNa pezavAe vilaMbanI nIti apanAvI cuMbakajIne nAsI javA ane bacAvavA koziza karI, paNa aMte yaMbakachane vasaMtagaDha khAtethI aMgreja pheje keda karyo (sapTembara 19) ane goviMdarAva baMdhujI tathA bhagavaMtarAva gAyakavADa paNa zaraNe AvyA (sapTembara 25). e badhAMne thANAnA gaDhamAM lAvIne rAkhavAmAM AvyA. gaMgAdhara zAstrInI hatyAnA mAmalAthI chevaTe te vaDodarA rAjyane phAyado thayo. gAyakavADanuM pezavA pratye tamAma devuM saMpUrNapaNe rada thaI gayuM. sItArAmane paNa keda karavAmAM Avyo ane goviMdarAva ane bhagavaMtarAvane vaDodarA darabArane havAle karavAmAM AvyA. jo ke sItArAmane 1819 mAM mahArAjA sayAjIrAva bIjAe belAvI dIvAnapada ApeluM. puNe karAra 1817 nA varSanuM AraMbhanuM rAjakIya vAtA varaNa briTiza sattA viruddha jAmI rahyuM hatuM. meTA yuddha mATe taiyArI cAlu hatI. badhA rAjAo ane AgevAno taraphathI pezavAne marAThA saMghanA adhyakSa tarIke AgevAnI levA anurodha karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, paraMtu briTiza jAsusI vyavasthA ane judAM judAM rAjyomAM rahetA briTiza resiDenTanI takedArIne lIdhe aMgrejo viruddha yojAtA kAvatarAnI jANa briTiza sattAvALAone thatI rahetI. eriphansTana AnAthI mAhitagAra hata. vasAInA karAra pachI saMjoga badalAyA hatA ane

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5 muM ) pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 121 enI jogavAIo paNa amalakArI bane evI rahI na hatI, AthI pezavA sAthe navA karAra karavA mATenI maMjUrI elipha-sTane gavarnara-janarala pAsethI meLavI ane karArano eka musaddo taiyAra karyo, je pezavA samakSa sahI mATe rajU karyo (jUna 1, 1817). pezavAe carcA bAda ane bhAre anicchAe karArane svIkAra karyo ane sahI karI (jUna 13, 1810). A karAra "puNe karAra " nAme oLakhAyo. karAranuM sAmAnya svarUpa joIe to emAM pezavAe yaMbakajIne gaMgAdhara zAstrInI hatyA karavA mATe khUnI jAhera karyo ane enI dharapakaDa karI briTiza havAle karavAnuM svIkAryuM. marAThA saMdhane enA sAcA svarUpamAM ane hakIkatamAM vikherI nAkhavAnuM kabUla karyuM, bhAratIya rAjAo paranI enI sarvopari sattAne AkharI aMta AvyAnuM svIkAyuM; rAjAonA darabAramAM rahelA zivAnI elacIone ane marAThA khaMDiyA rAjAonA darabAramAM rAkhavAmAM AvelA pitAnA pratinidhione pAchA bolAvavAnuM ane emanI sAthe patravyavahAra karavAnuM ane mahArASTra bahAra AvelA enA badhA ja pradeza briTiza sarakArane ApavAnuM tathA sahAyaka daLanI saMkhyA vadhu rAkhI enA kharca mATe 34 lAkha rUpiyA ApavAnuM ravIkAyuM. Ama marAThA samavAyasaMgha chevaTamAM ane jAhera rIte vikherI nAkhavAmAM Avyo.28 Ama eliphanTane -A rIte " puNe karAra karAvI zivAnI marAThA saradAromAM ucca sthAna levAnI ke jALavI rAkhavAnI mahecchAne kacaDI nAkhI. gujarAtamAM pezavAI sattAne aMta ane briTiza sattAna prasAra gujarAta saMbaMdhamAM puNe karAranI jogavAIo spaSTa banAvAI hatI. pezavA ane gAyakavADanI sattAonA parasparanA hakkadAvA mATe calAvavAmAM AvatI vATAghATone kAyama mATe aMta lAvavAmAM Avyo, gAyakavADa-tAbAnA kaI paNa pradeza paranA hakka jatA karavAnuM ane bhUtakALanA tamAma dAvA sAme vArSika cAra lAkha rUpiyA gAyakavADa Ape evuM ane bhaviSyamAM kaI paNa dAvA nahi karavAnuM pezavAe svIkAryuM. amadAvAdano IjAro gAyakavADa ane enA vArasAne ApavAnuM kabUlyuM. cAra lAkhanI rakama nakkI karavAmAM AvI temAM A ijArA soMpavAnA vaLatarano paNa samAveza karAyo hate. pezavAe karI kharcanI sAme potAnI saurASTranI khaMDaNInA hakaka briTiza sattAne ApI dIdhA. vadhumAM je anya pradeza ApyA temAM jaMbusara Ameda desarA DabhoI bahAdarapura ane sAkSI hatAM. bIjI rIte kahIe to amadAvAda ane olapADa sivAya bIjA badhA pradeza ApI dIdhA. olapADa eka vizvAsa

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122 ] marAThA kAla [pra adhikArIne soMpavAmAM AveluM hovAthI ene bAkAta rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. Ama narmadA nadInI uttare AvelA pitAnA badhA hakaka pezavAe briTiza sarakArane soMpI dIdhA. gAyakavADanI daSTie joIe to e have pezavAnAM adhikAra ane baMdhanamAMthI taddana mukta banI gayo hato. e have svataMtra rAjA banyo hate. ene khaMDaNI ke lazkarI sevA ke "najarANuM" ApavAnAM rahetAM nahotAM. Ama gaMgAdhara zAstrInI hatyAmAMthI je pariNAma AvyAM tenAthI zivAne ja bhAre nukasAna thayuM. gujarAtamAM enAM sattA ane adhikArano. kAyama mATe aMta AvI gayo. pezavA pAsethI je pradeza briTiza sarakArane maLyA te vize upara ullekha thaI gayo che. have badalAyelI sthitimAM gAyakavADa sAthe paNa karAronI punaracanA karavAnuM briTiza sattAne jarUrI lAgyuM. e mATe 1817nA navembaramAM nirNAyaka karAka thayA, paraMtu ene pAchaLathI 1818 nA navembaramAM badalavAmAM AvyA. e karAra anusAra gAyakavADanuM sahAyaka daLa vadhAravAmAM AvyuM ane enA kharca peTe gAyakavADe pitAne bhAga amadAvAdanA killAmAM tathA amadAvAda AsapAsa AvelA "dasakreI" nAmathI jANItA banelA vistAramAM rahele hato te briTiza sarakArane ApI dIdho. A uparAMta surata najIkanA keTalAka jillA, kheDA jillAmAM umareTha gAma tathA amadAvAdanA IjArAmAM pitAne maLatA sarva hakaka paNa ApyA. enA badalAmAM briTiza sattAe mughalAI athavA suratanA navAboe surata pAse AvelA gAyakavADanA tAbAnA pradeza sAme levAnuM rAkheluM ane lIdhI hatI te bAkI rakama gAyakavADane parata karavAmAM AvI. briTiza sarakAre okhAmaMDaLamAM vyavasthA sthApI hatI tethI e zAMta banyuM hatuM, AthI e gAyakavADane saMpyuM; jo ke tyAM thoDA samaya pachI baLa thayA hatA ane e dabAvI devA prayAsa karavA paDayA hatA. 1819 mAM mAjI pezavAnA pradeza mATe AkharI nirAkaraNa thatAM gujarAtamAMnA enA tamAma hakkonI sarvoparitA briTiza sarakAra pAse AvI. enA badalAmAM gAyakavADa pAse pezavA bAjIrAve bAkI khaMDaNInI mAgaNI karatAM gAyakavADa pAsethI cAra lAkhanI rakama apAvavAmAM AvI. bIje varSe saurASTranI khaMDaNImAM rahelA gAyakavADa ane pezavAnA hissAonI tathA gAyakavADe lAdelA ghAsadANa" nAmanA vadhArAnA karanI rakama aMge tapAsa karAvavAmAM AvI. pariNAme je samAdhAna karavAmAM AvyuM temAM saurASTramAM mahemala-vasulAtanuM kArya muMbaInI aMgreja sattA

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5 su] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 124 karAve. e kAyA~ saurASTramAM je adhikArI rAkhavAmAM AvelA hAya tenI dekharekha nIce thAya ane jarUra paDe te gAyakavADanI phojato paNa upayAga emAM levAya ema yu. mahIkAMThA saMba MdhamAM paNa Avu ja nirAkaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM. Ama saurASTra uparAMta lagabhaga AkhA gujarAta prAMtanuM vahIvaTItaMtra gAyakavADanA rAjyane bAda karatAM briTiza tAbAmAM AvyuM. pAdaTIpa 1. zrI. maganalAla vakhatacaMda sadAdarAva gaNezanA amala be varSa cAlyA hovAnuM jaNAve che, tee mAnAjIkhAnuM nAma ApatA nathI ('amadAvAdanA itihAsa ', pR. 42), paNa Isa. 1780 nA sapTembara mAsamAM lakhAyela eka khatapatramAM e samaye krosiMha gAyakavADa vatI bhadrakoTa madhye mAnAjIkhA sUbedAra hAvAnuM spaSTa jaNAvyuM che ( bheA. je. vidyAbhavana, khatapatra na. 104), AthI sadAziva gaNezanA amalanA samaya phebruArI 1780 thI sapTembara 1780 daramyAna gheADA samaya rahyo hAvAnuM ne e pachI 1782 sudhI mAnAjIkhAne vahIvaTa cAlyA hAvAnuM jaNAya che. --sa. Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency (GBP), Vol. IV : Ahmedabad, p. 259 3. 3. 4. 5. 6. maganalAla vakhatacaMda, uparyukta, pR. 42 bheA. je. vidyAbhavana, khatapatra na. 38 ~sa'. 12. maganalAla vakhatacaMda, uparyukta, pR. 42 bheA. je. vidyAbhavana, khatapatra naM. 56. 27mI jAnyuArI 1793 nA A khatapatramAM jaNAvyuM che ke e samaye sUbedAra AbAsAheba ( rokara) puNe hAvAthI enA vatI gujarAtamAM amadAvAda bhadrakaTamAM paDaMta kAzIpatha bAkhA ane aDadhA gAyakravADI bhAganA sUbedAra mAnAjI khAkhA hAvAthI emanA vatI amadAvAda havelImAM pa AnA vahIvaTakartA hatA. --sa. 1795 nA khatapatra( naM. 105 )mAM AkhA sAhekha kRSNarAya( zekara ) puNe hAvAthI emanA vatI vahIvaTakartA enA nAyaba palazIkara paMDita hAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che, jyAre 1797 nA khatapatra(naM. 106)mAM AkhA sAheba kRSNarAya ( zelUkara ) zaheramUkhA hatA tyAre emanA vatI dIvAna khAlAjIrAMma palazIkara dAdA ane gAyakavADa vatI paMDita AnAjI vahITa sabhALatA heAvAnuM nAMdhAyuM che. sa. GBP, Vol. IV : Ahmedabad, p. 259 maganalAla vakhatacaMdra, uparyukta, pR. 42 7. 8. 9. bheA. je. vidyAsavana, khatapatra naM. 30 --sa'. 10-11. maganalAla vakhatacaMda, uparyukta, pR. nagara : amadAvAda '. pR. 1para bheA. je. vidyAbhavana, khatapatra naM. 17 ~sa'. 42; ratnamaNirAva joTa, ' gUjarAtanuM pATa.

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marAThA kAla 14. GBP, Vol. IV: Ahmedabad, p, 259 28. Aitchison, Treaties, Engagements etc, pt. VII, pp. 39-43 4. Elliot, The Rulers of Baroda, p. 57 16. maganalAla vakhatacaMda, uparyukta, pR. 40-41 17. ejana, pR. 45 18. khare, ' aitihAsika lekhasaMgraha ', pu. 13, pR. 6936-37 -124 ] [ 31. e. Elliot, op. cit., pp. 63 f. 20. J. G. Duff, History of the Maharattas, Vol. II, pp. 320-27 21. Sardesai, New History of the Marathas, Vol. III, p. 384 21. A sthaLa Aje ALakhI zakAtuM nathI. 23. Duff, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 320-27 23. Aitchison, op. cit., pt. IV, No. 8 28. Gazetteer of the Baroda State, Vol. I, p. 502 25. kAThiyAvADa sarvasaMgraha', pR. 247 ane nAMdha 2. GBP, Vol. I, part I: History of Gujarat, pp. 421-23 20. Sardesai, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 455 R. T. E. Colebrooke, Life of Mountstuart Elphinstone, Vol. I, p. 306; Tht End of the Peshwas (A Marathi Chronicle), pp. 176-86

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pariziSTa 1 gAyakavADanA vaDAdarA rAjyanA itihAsa ( I. sa. 1768 thI 1818 ) gAviMdarAva (1768-71) damAjIrAvanA avasAna pachI anugAmI mATe thayelA jhaghaDAthI gAyakavADanI sattA nabaLI paDavAnI zarUAta thaI. mAcharAvate traNa patnISe hatI. pahelI patnI manubAInA putra gAviMdarAva hatA, je puNemAM pezavAnA kedI hatA. bIjI patnI kAzIbAInA putra sayAjIrAva hatA, je mATe hatA ane rAjyanI gAdIne hakkadAra hatA, paraMtu e rAjya calAvavA taddana binaAvaDatavALA ane geralAyaka hatA. trIjI patnI gaMgAbAInA phattesiMharAva, palAjIrAva, mAnAjIrAva ane murArarAva ema cAra putra hatA, jeomAM phosiharAva khUba khAheAza ca'caLa ane khaTapaTAmAM kAmela hatA. geAviMdarAva sayAjIrAvathI nAtA hatA, paraMtu e damAjI rAvanI pahelI patnIneA putra hAvAthI gAdI mATe dAvA karatA hatA, jyAre phosiMharAva potAnI kAbeliyata ane muddhi vaDe sattAdhIza banavA mAgatA hatA. eNe sayAjIrAvanA hakkane Teko ApyA. govidarAva nabaLA ane asthira prakRtineA heAvAthI eNe zarUAtathI ja mUkha salAhakArAnI salAha lIdhI ane e e pramANe dAravAyA. e raghunAtharAva, aMgreja sattA, puNe darabAra, siMdhiyA ane kaDInA potAnA bhatrIjA pAse vArApharatI madada mATe jaI AvyA, paraMtu koIe ene dAda dIdhI nahi. gAdI mATe dAvA karanAra bhAIone pezavAnI lavAdI para AdhAra rAkhavAnI pharaja paDI. pezavAe paNa gAyakavADanAM hita nabaLAM pADavAnI taka jatI na karI. pezavA mAdhavarAve phattesiMharAvane eka patramAM kaDaka Thapako ApatAM (Disembara 21, 1768) jaNAvyuM hatuM ke hu bhAIo vaccenA jhadhaDAone ane tAphAnene sAMkhI laIza nahi, vaDAdarA rAjyane vahIvaTa saMbhALI levAnA hukama sAthe huM ApAjI gaNezane mAkalI rahyo chu ane ApAjI rAjyanA badhA vahIvaTa tamArAthI alaga rahIne calAvaze, tethI badhI sattA. zmApAne soMpI devI ane tamArA dAvAnI rajUAta karavA puNe darakhamAM hAjara rahevuM.2 patramAM gAyakavADa kuTuMbanA sabhyAne binapakSapAtI nyAya ApavAnI

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"126 ] bharAThA kAla [ . pizavAnI vRtti jaNAI Ave che enI sAthe sAthe pezavAnI vaDedarAnA gAyakavADa para sarvopari sattA che evuM paNa pharI pratipAdita karavAnuM valaNa jaNAya che. ' paraMtu hakIkata te e hatI ke dAmAjIrAvanA avasAna samaye goviMdarAva zivAnA kedI tarIke puNemAM hato ane pitAnA hakko mATe anya dAvAdAra karatAM sArI zarate raju karI zake ema hatuM, AthI zivAe enI pAse raghunAtharAvane madada karavA badala ane e rIte pitAnI sAme baMDakhera pravRtti karavA badala 23 lAkha rUpiyA daMDa, agAunA varSanI khaMDaNI tarIke 5 lAkha rUpiyA ane bAbIo pAsethI navA meLavelA pradeza badala 1 lAkha rUpiyA ApavA jaNAvyuM. goviMdarAve eno svIkAra karyo. vadhumAM "senA khAsa khela". nuM biruda mAnya rakhAvavA goviMdarAve 20 lAkha rUpiyA tathA darabAranA kharca mATe 50 hajAra rUpiyA ane bIjI cIjo ApavA kabUlAta karI. Ama lagabhaga 50 lAkha rUpiyA jeTalI rakama rokaDamAM thatI hatI. game te hoya, paraMtu goviMdarAva ATalI badhI kabUlAta ApyA chatAM 1768 mAM puNe choDIne vaDodarA AvI zakyo na hato. bIjI bAjue phattesiMharAva pitAnA avasAna samaye gujarAtamAM ja hato. eNe vaDedarA zahera para kabajo jamAvI dIdho ane e pachI eNe e kayAreya choDyo nahi. eNe pitAne pakSa majabUta karyo ane 1771 mAM sayAjIrAvanA hakkadAvA mATe pezavA sAthe vATAghATo karavA e puNe gayo. pezavAe goviMdarAva-taraphI ApelA nirNayane pheravI nAkhI potAnA darabAranA nAmAMkita nyAyazAstrI rAmarAva zAstrInI salAha pramANe sayAjIrAvane kAyadesara hakkadAra karAvI "senAnAsakhela" biruda mATe jAhera karyo ne enA "mutAlika athavA nAyaba tarIke pharasiMharAvane nImya. have pezavA ane pharasiMharAva vacce karAra thayA. sayAjIrAva 1 le (1771-78) phatesiMharAve zivAne je rakama ApavAnuM svIkAryuM tenI zarato goviMdarAva jevI ja hatI. najarANuM tarIke 20 lAkha, daMDa tarIke 21 lAkha ane darabAranA kharca mATe aDadho lAkha rUpiyA ApavAnuM svIkAryuM hatuM. pezavAe goviMdarAvane Teko ApavA mATe ApeluM vacana have rada karAyuM ane goviMdarAva je vaDodarA rAjyamAM azAMti UbhI kare te pezavAe pharosiMharAvane madada

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 127 ApavAnI hatI. geviMdarAva saMbaMdhI je vyavasthA karavAmAM AvI temAM ene vArSika be lAkha rUpiyA ane vaDodarA pAse pAdarA jAgIra tarIke ApavAmAM AvyAM, paraMtu goviMdarAva gAyakavADanA pUrvajonA gAma dAvaDImAM rahe evuM nakkI karAyuM. phatesiMharAva sAthe thayelA khaMDaNI ane biruda aMgenA be karAromAM bhaviSya mATe vArSika khaMDaNI rUA. 7,79,000 nakkI karAI tathA 300 savAradaLanI sevA ane yuddhanA samayamAM jarUra paDye vadhu 1,000 savAradaLanI madada pezavAne ApavA kabUla rakhAyuM. vadhumAM je gAyakavADa gAdI para hoya athavA eno je bhAI hoya te dara varSa pUNemAM pezavAnA darabAramAM hAjarI Ape e mATe kaDaka Agraha rAkhavAmAM Avyo. jo e hAjarI na Ape te pezavA daMDa karI zake evI zarata phattesiMharAve mAnya rAkhI hatI. have sayAjIrAvanI tarapheNamAM nirNaya thatAM paristhiti badalAI hatI. e sthitimAM goviMdarAva zakya teTalI jaladIthI gujarAtamAM pahoMcI jaI enA bhAIo para humale karaze evI zakyatA darzAvI pharasiMharAva gAyakavADanuM 3,000nuM savAradaLa, je puNemAM rAkhavAnuM hatuM ke, gujarAtamAM rAkhavAnI paravAnagI pezavA pAsethI meLavI. AthI pezavAne ja phAyade thayo, kAraNa ke eTalA savAradaLane kharca gAyakavADane ja bhogavAne thatuM hatuM. goviMdarAva ane pharasiMharAva A rIte ekabIjAnA zatru banyA ane pahelA aMgreja-marAThA vigrahamAM sAmasAme pakSe joDAI laDyA, e pachI paNa emanI vaccenI zatruvaTa cAlu rahI. dAmAjIrAvanA bhAI khaMDerAve paNa bhatrIjAonA baMne pakSo vaccenA jhagaDAmAM pitAnAM svAthI hitenuM rakSaNa karavA pakSapalaTA karyA ane sakriya bhAga bhajavyo. bIjI paNa hakIkata e banI ke A pachInA samayamAM pezavA ane vaDodarAnI gAdI mATe hakkadAvo rajU karanAra gAyakavADe, pitAnA harIpha gAyakavADe, kaDInA jAgIradAra gAyakavADe, manasvI leNadAro ane rAjyanI ajaMpAvALI prajA sAme, pezavAnuM rakSaNa meLavavuM paDe evI sthiti sajatI rahI. pharosi harAva puNethI saMtoSakAraka karAra karIne vaDedarA Avyo e pachI eNe suratanI aMgreja kaThInA adhyakSa prAIsa sAthe vATAghATa calAvI. phattesiMharAvane hetu pezavA ane goviMdarAva sAme potAne pakSa majabUta banAvavAno hato, tethI eNe prAIsane kahevarAvyuM hatuM ke huM 1000 sipAI,

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1ra8 ] marAThA kAla 300 yuropiya sainiko ane 20 te pinI madadanA badalAmAM, kaMpanI sattAne surata paragaNAne pezavAne hisso ane pAchaLathI pitAnA hissAnI suratanI cothI ApIza, paraMtu muMbaInI a grejI sattAe karAra karavAnI taiyArI batAvI nahi. aMgrejoe bharUca lIdhuM bharUcanA navAbe suratanI agreja sattAnI amuka jakAte bharavAnuM na svIkAratAM muMbaIvALAoe bharUca kabaje levA aMgreja pheja mekalI hatI.. (1771), paraMtu bharUca levAmAM niSphaLatA maLI hatI. bIje varSe paNa humalo karavAnI jana karavAmAM AvI, AthI navAbe muMbaI jaI humale aTakAvAnI vinaMtI karI. hakIkatamAM e vakhate navAba phattesiMharAva sAthe maitrI meLavavA bAbatamAM vATAghATa calAvI rahyo hato ane pitAne pUrato samaya maLe evI IcchAthI AvI vinaMtI karI hatI, paraMtu gAyakavADe enI vAta svIkArI na hatI. aMte aMgreja sattAe bharUca jItI lIdhuM (navembara 18, 1772). A. banAvathI muMbaI ane pharasiMharAva gAyakavADa vacce navA karAra karavAnI, jarUra UbhI thaI. goviMdarAva sAmenA bhaviSyanA saMgharSamAM bharUca upayogI mathaka banI rahe e mATe phattesiMharAva e levA Atura hate. bharUca ene ApavAmAM Ave te pote agreja sattAne vArSika 6 lAkha rUpiyAne pitAno hisso. Apaze evI taiyArI batAvI hatI (jAnyuArI 12, 1773), paraMtu aMgreja sattAe darakhAstane svIkAra karavAnI taiyArI batAvI nahi. navAba eTale hisse gAyakavADane Apato hato, teTalA paraja tamAro hakaka che tema ja bharUcanA vahIvaTamAM tamAre kaI haka nathI evuM jaNAvyA pachI ja e baMne vacce karAra thayA. gAyakavADa bhAIomAM vigraha eka bAju pharasiMharAva ane goviMdarAva vacce AMtarika saMgharSa zarU thayo tyAre bIjI bAju puNemAM meTA pheraphAra thayA. zivA mAdhavarAvanuM avasAna thatAM (navembara 18, 1772) enI jagyAe ene 17 varSane bhAI nArAyaNarAva Abe paNa radhunAtharA(rAbAe) enI hatyA karAvI (gasTa 30, 1773) ane pite pezavA banyo, paraMtu saMgata pezavA nArAyaNarAvanI vidhavA patnI gaMgAbAIe putrane janma ApatAM e bALakane nAnA phaDanavIsanI AgevAnI nIcenA marAThA maMtrI-maMDaLe pezavA jAhera karyo. goviMdarAva gAyakavADa A samaye puNemAM hatuM. eNe radhunAtharAvanI rUbarU

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ i mulAkAta laI, pote agAu enA pakSe rahI ApelI sevAonI yAda apAvI vaDAdarA rAjyanA pAtAnA hakkadAvA mATe rajUAta karI. pote seAnagaDha paNa kabaje karyu hatu evA dAvA paNa pezavA raghunAtharAva paranA patramAM eNe karyAM hatA,pa AthI rAdheAkhAe gAviMdarAvane 'senAkhAsakhela 'ne! khitAba ApyA. AthI geviMdarAva phrosiMharAvane gujarAtamAMthI hAMkI kADhavA lazkara sAthe gujarAta javA nIkaLI gayA. eNe kaDInA khaMDerAvanI mada meLavI vaDeAdarAne gherA ghADhyA. phrosiMharAva e dherAmAM sapaDAI gayA. A samaye gAviMdarAve madada mATe muMbaInI aMgreja sattA sAthe vATAdhATa zarU karI dIdhI hatI. thoDA samaya bAda sattASTa thayela rAdheAkhA puNe cheADI briTiza rakSagu heThaLa gAdharA thaI vaDAdarA gAvi darAvanI madade AvI pahoMcyA (jAnyuArI 3, 1775). e vakhate si MdhiyA ane heALakara sAthe haripadaMta phaDake enI pAchaLa AvI rahyAnI khabara maLatAM, evaDAdarAnA gherA uThAvI laI, gAviMdarAvanI madadathI uttara tarapha jatA rahyo. eNe surata jaI aMgrejo sAthe maitrI-karAra karyAM. radhunAtharAvanA nAsI gayA bAda gAviMdarAva ane khaDerAva peAtAnA majabUta thANA kapaDavaMjamAM jatA rahyA ane emane pIche karanArAonA makkama mukAbalA thaI zake evI taiyArI karavA lAgyA, paraMtu phattesiharAve paristhitine tAga meLavI aMgreja sattA sAthe sumeLa rAkhavAnI nIti apanAvI. eNe peAtAnA kAkAnI jAgIramAMnA naDiyAda AsapAsane pradeza kabaje karI, e pradezamAMthI khaMDerAvanI sattA nAbUda karI. suratanA karAra thayA bAda muMbaInI sattAe agreja kanaOla kITi Mgate rahyunAtharAvanI madade mokalyA, je raghunAtharAvanA bhAgeDu lazkara sAthe khabhAta najIka joDAI gayA( eprila 7, 1775 ). gAviMdarAva paNa enI sAthe 800 pAyadaLa ane thADA savAradaLa sAthe joDAyA, paraMtu A samaye ja khaMDerAva krosiMharAvanA pakSe gayA. e vakhate pezavAnA maMtrI-maDaLanu lazkara pAMca hajAra pAyadaLa sahita 25 hajAranI saMkhyAnuM thayuM hatuM. have baMne pakSe vacce mukAbale thavAnA hatA. raghunAtharAva ane kala kITiMganuM saMyukta lazkara dharmAMjathI ravAnA thayuM (eprila 23, 1775) ane mAtra traNa mahinAnA gALAmAM cAmAsAne lIdhe bhAre takalIpho veThI DabhAI sudhInu 100 mAilanuM aMtara kApI zakyuM. i-5-9

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150]. marAThA kAla A vakhate pharasiMharAva vaDodarAmAM ekale hate. goviMdarAve karnala kITiMgane vaDodarA tarapha kuca karavA ane ene ghere ghAlavA kahyuM, paraMtu goviMdarAva enA bhAI karatAM mutsaddIgIrImAM Utarato hato; jo ke laDAInA medAnamAM e phattesiMharAva karatAM caDhiyAta puravAra thatuM. karnala kITiMge enI salAha svIkArI nahi, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa eNe tathA radhunAtharAve goviMdarAvane pakSa choDI dIdhe, jethI teo phattesiMharAva sAthe masalata karI zake. karnala kITiMga pharasiMharAvane DabhoI-vaDodarA vacce DhADhara nadInA kAMThe maLyo ane emanI vacce samajUtI thaI. A samajUtImAM phattesiMharAve enA bhAI sayAjIrAva vatI raghunAtharAvane varSe 8 lAkha rUpiyA tathA 3,** nuM savAradaLa Ape tathA 6 ThThI mArcanA roja zivA ane aMgreja sarakAra vacce thayelA karAra anusAra bharUca paragaNAnuM mahesUla Ape temaja cIkhalI, surata najIka variyAva ane narmadA nadI paranuM kerala paragaNuM Ape ema nakkI karAyuM. geviMdarAva have pachI potAnA bhAI para koI hakadAvo rajU kare nahi ane enA badalAmAM raghunAtharAvane eNe dakhkhaNamAM 10 lAkha rUpiyAnI jAgIra ApavAnuM kabUlyuM. khaMDerAvane dayAjIrAve je ApeluM te badhuM ene punaH soMpavAnuM nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM. vadhumAM karasiMharAva raghunAtharAvane ra6 lAkha rUpiyA 60 divasamAM Ape evI tAkIda karavAmAM AvI. hakIkatamAM A rakamane meTa hisso karnala kITiMga levA mAgatuM hatuM, jethI pitAnA lazkarane caDele pagAra cUkavI zake. ATalI moTI rakamanI ATalI TUMkI mudatamAM cukavaNI karavI e pharasiMharAvanI zakti bahAranI vAta hatI, chatAM enA para dabANa lAvavA dArUgoLA pheMkavAnI ke bIjI dhamakIonI vAte pahoMcADavAmAM AvatI. AthI phattesiMharAve 30 mI ogasTa sudhI aMzataH rakama tarIke rUpiyA 10 lAkhanI kiMmatanAM ratno, hAthIo ane Itara cIjavastu ApyAM. pezavA ane phatesiMharAva 1778 nA phebruArI sudhI zuM banyuM e anizcita che, paNa pezavA have pharosiMharAvanA TekA mATe khUba Atura hovAthI eNe khaMDaNImAM ane lazkarI sevA ApavAnI bAbatamAM ghaNuM ghaTADo karI pharasiMharAvane lAbha karI Apo. A samaye sayAjIrAvanuM avasAna thayuM. enA samayamAM vaDodarAnI rAjagAdI sonagaDhathI badalI vaDodarA AvI. sayAjIrAva pachI pharasiMharAvane gAdI ApavAmAM AvI. pitAnA hakkane svIkAra karAvavA pharasiMharAva pezavAnA

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nyU suM] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI ( 131 darabAranA maMtrIone eka lAkhanI bheTa ApI, sADA dasa lAkha rUpiyA pezavAne ApyA ane potAnA mATe senA--khAsakhela ' khitAba meLabyA. pezavAe gAvi darAvane be lAkha rUpiyAnI jAgIra ApavAnuM vacana ApyuM ane khaMDerAvane enA agAunA pradezA maLe ane e pUrvavat sthitimAM rahe evuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM. phattesiMharAva ( pahelA ) gAyakavADa ( 17781789 ) krosiMharAve have puNenA maMtrI-maMDaLanA pakSe rahevAnuM vicAyu` haro ane tethI e mATe prayAsa paNa karyo. e samaye puNenI sarakAra ane kaMpanI sattA vacce pura dharanA karAra thayA ( mArca 3, 1776 ). puraMdhara karAramAM -karelI jogavAI anusAra e agAu karelA badhA karAra rada karavAmAM AvyA.10 -navA karAramAMnI kekalIka jogavAI pezavAe potAne phasAvavA karI hatI ema phrosiMharAvane lAgyuM....11 phattesiMharAve karelA virAdha nakAmA gayA ane peAtAnA pradeza e punaH meLavI na zakayo, eTalu ja nahi, paNa eNe eka alaga karAra dvArA uparyu kta karArane bahAlI ApavI paDI (navembara 28, 1778 ). puraMdhara karAra pachI paNa pezavA ane kaMpanI sattA vaccenA saMbaMdha taMga banyA ane khIjI vAranI laDAI phATI nIkaLI (mA` 30, 1779). ka'panI sattAnI nIti gAyakavADa sAthe eka sadha racavAnI hatI. gavanara hAkhIe A saMbaMdhamAM evuM vicAyu` hatu` ke briTiza lazkara dakhkhaNamAM parvatamALAnA -avarAthI rAkAI jAya te| gAyakavADanA pradeza je dariyAkAMThe AvelA che tyAM sahelAIthI dariyAI mAge paheAMcIne lazkarane utArI zakAya, gujarAtamAM pezavAnI sarvopari sattA laI levAya teA krosiMharAva mahI nadInI uttaranA bhAga potAnI jAse rAkhe ane ka MpanI sattA tApI nadInI dakSiNanA bhAga rAkha evI dalIla eNe karI hatI ( jUna 14, 1779). hAzmInI AvI yeAjanA gavana ra-janarale svIkArI ane muMbaInI aMgreja sattAnI madade javA mATe kala gADAsane gALathI lazkara sAthe ravAnA karavAmAM AvyA ( Disembara 15, 1779). e gujarAtanA lazkara sAthe joDAyA te eNe pezavAnA lazkara pAsethI DabhoInA kabajo laI lIdheA ( jAnyuArI 1, 1780). bIjI tarapha phattesiMharAvane nAnA phaDanavIsa taraphathI madada mATe tAkIdanA patra AvatA rahyA, paraMtu phrosiMharAva agrejonA pakSe rahyo ane DabhoI najIka kuMDhelA gAma pAse gADA sAthe rakSaNAtmaka ane Akramaka svarUpanA karAra karyo

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132] marAThA kela [ pra(jAnyuArI 20, 1780).12 goDArDanI IcchA paitRka vArasA mATe jhagaDatA goviMdarAva ane pharasiMharAvanA AMtarika jhagaDAmAMthI lAbha uThAvI levAnI hatI. A karAramAM phattesiMharAve potAnA viSTikAra tarIke bAhoza pradhAna goviMda gopAla kAmetakarane mekalyo hato. phosaMharAva pezavAthI svataMtra bane, pezavAne ke I. khaMDaNI Ape nahi, e potAnA pradeza jALavI rAkhe, e aMgrejone 3000. savAdaLanI madada Ape ane yuddhanA samayamAM e vadhArI Ape, mahI nadInI. uttare AvelA pradeza parano pezavAne bhAga pote rAkhe ane enA badalAmAM surata. aThThAvIsInA jillAmAM potAno hisso tathA bharUca ane narmadA para AvelA sinorane potAne bhAga aMgreja sattAne Ape evuM eNe kabUlyuM hatuM. noMdhapAtra bAbata e hatI ke A karAra sAlabAInA karAra(1782)thI rada karavAmAM AvyA hatA. kahelA karAra karyA pachI phattesiMharAva ane geDAI amadAvAda gayA ane emaNe e hiMmatathI jItI lIdhuM (phebruArI 15, 1780). amadAvAdano havAle pharosiMharAvane ApavAmAM Avyo. 3 karAramAM vacana ApyA pramANe pharasiMharAve aMgrejone pradeza ApyA, paraMtu surata aThThAvIsImAMthI sonagaDhane khAsa hetupUrvaka bAkAta rakhAyuM. pharasiMharAve muMbaInI sattAne vaDodarA khAte eka briTiza resiDenTa mekalavA. lakhyuM hatuM (eprila 178 0), paraMtu evuM nakkI karAyuM hatuM ke khaMbhAta, khAtene resiDenTa bhAleTa jyAre jarUra paDe tyAre vaDodarA pharaja bajAve. 1781 mAM kepTana ala kharekhara vaDodarAmAM rahyo, paNa bIje varSe ene pAchA bolAvI levAya. hato. A rIte vaDedarAnA gAyakavADa ane aMgreja sattA vaccenA rAjadvArI. saMbaMdhanI zarUAta ahIMthI thaI hatI.14 . sAlabAInA karAra pezavAnA dUta tarIke mahAdajI siMdhiyA ane gavarnara-janaralanA karAra thayA (me 27, 1782).15 A karAra gAyakavADa mATe duHkhada nIvaDayA. enI kalama 5 pramANe nirdiSTa pradezo aMgreja sattA kAM te gAyakavADane Ape athavA pezavAne Ape ane kalama 8 pramANe yuddha zarU thatAM pahelAM gAyakavADa pAse eTale pradeza hoya teTale ja rAkhavAmAM Ave evuM nakkI karAyuM. Ane artha e hato ke pharasiMharAvane amadAvAda choDI devAnuM hatuM ane pezavAne ApavAnuM hatuM, temaja agAunI jema khaMDaNI ane sevA ApavAnAM hatAM.

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pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 100 amadAvAda punaH seMpavA bAbatamAM aMgreja sattA ane pharasiMharAva vacce ghaNe patravyavahAra cAlyo. chevaTe gavarnara-janarale amadAvAda choDI devA bAbatamAM phirosiMharAvane lakhyuM hatuM (kabara 31, 1783). TUMkamAM joIe te pezavA ane aMgrejo vacce laDAyelAM be moTAM yuddho pachI paNa gAyakavADanI sthiti agAunI jema cAlu rahI. e Arthika rIte ghaNo ghasAyo hato. bharUcano hisso gumAvavo paDayo hato ane e siMdhiyAne eTale ke enA pratinidhi bhAskararAvane soMpavAmAM Avyo hato ke rAjamahelanA uparanA mALethI paDI jatAM phatesiMharAvanuM avasAna thayuM (Disembara 21, 1789). eNe rAjyane vahIvaTa khUba ja karakasara ane kAbelapaNAthI karyo hato. eNe rAjyanA rakSaNa mATe paradezI bhADUtI sainike ane bIjA one rAkhyA, je pachInA samayamAM rAjya mATe bhAre AphatasamAna banI gayA.17 mAnAjIrAva gAyakavADa( rAjayapAlaka) 1789-1793 pharasiMharAvanA avasAnathI rAjA sayAjIrAva vAlI vagarane banyo. enA -nAnA bhAI mAnAjIrAve tarata ja sattA hAthamAM laI lIdhI ane pitAne svIkRti ApavA pezavA sarakAra sAthe vATAghATa zarU karI. e samaye goviMdarAva puNe najIka AvelA daura gAme rahete hato. eNe mAnAjIrAvano hakka svIkAravA ghaNo virodha karyo, paNa chevaTe enuM kaMI cAlyuM nahi. mAnAjIrAva pezavAne rU. 33,13,000 nI rakama " najara' tarIke ApI ane phattesiMharAvanI je bAkI khaMDaNInI rakama 36 lAkha thavA jatI hatI te ApavAnuM paNa kabUla karyuM ane pitAnuM pada prApta karyuM. goviMdarA have zaktizALI banelA siMdhiyAne potAnA pakSe levAno prayAsa karyo. goviMdarA potAnA putra AnaMdarAvanuM lagna siMdhiyAnI putrI sAthe karAvyuM ane traNa lAkha rUpiyA paNa ApyA, AthI siMdhiyAe goviMdarAvanA hakaka mATe pezavA samakSa rajUAta karI. je pezavAne gamI na hatI. bIjI bAjue mAnAjIrAve muMbaI sattA pAse rajUAta karI ke goviMdarAvanuM pagaluM 1780 nA karAranI jogavAI viruddhanuM che ane tethI daramyAnagIrI karavA mAgaNI karI, paraMtu muMbaInI sattAe jaNAvyuM ke prastuta karAra sAlabAInA karArathI radda thayA che tethI daramyAnagIrI karavAno prazna rahetuM nathI. gavarnara-janarala -leDa kolise paNa AvI nIti apanAvavA bhalAmaNa karI hatI (julAI 15, 1793). Ama baMne bhAIo vacce sattAsaMgharSa cAlI rahyo

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134] marAThA kAla [ prA hate evAmAM mAnAjIrAvanuM avasAna thayuM ( ogasTa 1, 193). e agAu 179ra mAM gAyakavADa sayAjIrAvanuM avasAna thayeluM hatuM. navI paristhitimAM siMdhiyAe goviMdArAvane pakSa laI tarapheNa karavAnuM choDI dIdhuM. goviMdarAva gAyakavADa (puna: sthApita) 1703-1800 mAnAjIrAvanA avasAna pachI paNa binaharIpha banelA goviMdarAvane sahelAIthI vaDodarAnI gAdI na maLI. nAnA phaDanavIsanI AgevAnI nIcenuM maMtrI-maMDaLa, geviMdarAva jyAM sudhI eka navA karAra karI na Ape tyAM sudhI ene puNe choDIne vaDodarAnI rAjagAdI saMbhALI levA paravAnagI Ape ema na hatuM. goviMdarAvane Avo karAra karI ApavAnI pharaja par3a.18 A karAramAM mAnAjIrAve cUkavavAnA bAkI rAkhela 20 lAkha rUpiyA, "senA khAsakhela nA. khitAba badala dhanajara" tarIke rU. 56,38,001 ane 1781 thI 1793 nAM varSonI bAkI rakama tarIke kula rU. 7,79,000 tathA lazkarI sevAnA badalAmAM rU. 6,75,000 ApavA evuM kabUla karAvavAmAM AvyuM. vadhumAM evuM paNa goviMdarAvane kahevAmAM AvyuM ke tamAre turta ja vaDodarA javA nIkaLavuM ane kabUla rAkhelAM bAkI devAM peTe vaDodarAnA rAjamahelamAM je maLe te badhAM javAhara, rokaDa rakama, rAjapozAka tathA traNa hAthI, pAMca ghaDA ane eka lAkhanAM javAhara mekalAvo tathA sAvalI (vaDodarA jille) phattesiMharAvane ApavAmAM AveluM te tathA tApI nadInI dakSiNe AvelA gAyakavADanA badhA pradeza tathA suratanA mahesUlamAM gAyakavADane rahele hisso Apo." Ama nAnA phaDanavIsano IrAdo gAyakavADa kuTuMbane pUrI rIte barabAda karavAno hato, paraMtu emAM e phAvyo nahi. puNenA briTiza resiDenTane AvA karAranI mAhitI maLatAM eNe turta ja aMgreja sarakAravatI daramyAnagIrI karI ane goviMdarAva pAse AvI rIte karAvAyelA karArane sAlabAInA karAranA bhaMga samAna gaNavyA, AthI nAnA: phaDanavIsane e darakhAsta pAchI kheMcI levI paDI. 19 kAjIrAva taraphathI avarodha goviMdarAvane "senA khAsakhela " biruda levAnI chUTa apAI Disembara 19. 1793). eNe puNethI vaDodarA javA nIkaLatI vakhate dIvAna tarIke rAvajI ApALa majumadAra, ane phaDanavIsa jevI kAryadakSa vyaktione sAthe lIdhI, paraMtu vaDodarAmAM goviMdarAvano praveza saraLa na banyo. enI dharamapuranI rAjapUta patnI gajarAbAIthI thayela putra kAherAve muzkelIo UbhI karI. eNe

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5 muM ) zivAI sattAnI paDatI [ 135 bharUcamAM rahelA siMdhiyAnA pratinidhi pAsethI madada meLavI e vaDodarA para dhasI Avyo, ane eNe bhADUtI 2,000 Araba tathA 600 paThANa savAradaLanI madadathI vaDedarA para kabajo jamAvI rAkhavA prayAsa karyo, paraMtu chevaTe e lazkare kAjIrAva sAthe ja do karyo : ene keda karI enA pitA gAviMdarAvane soM. geviMdarAve ene kedamAM rAkhe, paNa e strI-vezamAM nAsI chUTathI ane DuMgara-vistAramAM gayo, jyAMnA bhIle e ene saMkheDA-bahAdarapuranA vistAramAM lUMTaphATa karavAmAM madada karavAnI taiyArI batAvI. enI sAthe kaDInA avasAna pAmela khaMDerAva(mR. 1785 ne putra mahArarAva paNa joDAye. khaMDerAve agAunA samayamAM goviMdarAva-pakSe rahIne ene madada karI hatI tethI ene khaMDerAvane virodhI pravRtti karavA badala gAyakavADe je daMDa kare ane "pezakaza" ApavA pharamAvyuM hatuM te badhuM mApha karavuM joIe evI mAgaNI malhArarAve karI hatI. A samaye kaDInA jAgIradAranA tAbAmAM kaDI kapaDavaMja ane dahegAma hatAM. phattesiMharAve agAu darzAvyA pramANe naDiyAda laI lIdhuM hatuM. malhArarAva ane kAjIrAva saMyukta banyA hatA. paNa emanI vacce khaTarAga Ubho thatAM* have kAnhAjIrAvane pitAnA rakSaNa mATe pharI vAra sAtapUDAnA DuMgaramAM nAsI javuM paDayuM, paraMtu goviMdarAve ene kheTAM pralobhana ApI belAvyo ane kedakhAnAmAM nAkhyo. 1794 mAM mahArarAva sAthe zAMtisamajUtI karavAmAM AvI. enI pAse kaDI kapaDavaMja ane dahegAma rahevA devAmAM AvyAM. AkhA zekara sAthe gharSaNa raghunAtharAvanA putra bAjIrAve 1796mAM pezavApada dhAraNa karyuM. eNe pitAnA dasa varSanA bhAI cimAjIne gujarAtano sUbo nI ane marAThI vahIvaTI paddhati pramANe sUbAnA nAyaba tarIke AbA zelakarane amadAvAda mokale. bAjIrAva pezavA evuM IcchatA hatA ke AbA zekara ane goviMdarAva vacce gharSaNa thAya. zelakaranI nimaNUka nAnA phaDanavIse karAvI hatI tethI pezavA zelakarane ene pratinidhi gaNo hato. pezavA gujarAta prAMtamAM pitAne hise paNa parata levA mAgatA hatA.21 e goviMdarAvane paNa siMdhiyA-taraphI valaNano mAnatA hatA ane goviMdarAvane prabhAva mukhya

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marAThA kAla [ pra. keMdramAMthI vadhu phelAvo na pAme evI paNa IcchA rAkhatA hatA. goviMdarAve pezavAne cUkavAnI thatI rakamamAMthI hajI rU. 39,82,789 nI rakama bAkI hatI. amadAvAda AvyA pachI zelUkaranA amaladAroe gAyakavADanA tAbA nIcenAM gAmaDAMomAMthI pharajiyAta rakama ugharAvavA mAMDI. AvI luMTa gAyakavADane pAchI ApavAnI zekare nA pADI, AthI goviMdarAvanA maMtrI rAvajI ane cimAjIe zelakara para hale karavA ane pitAno mArga cekhe karavA tathA amadAvAda jItI levA geviMdarAvane anurodha karyo. vaLI A samaye nAnA phaDanavIsanuM avasAna thatAM (mArca 13,1800) zelAre meTe AzrayadAtA gumAvyuM hatuM. zekarane amadAvAdamAMthI hAMkI kADhavA ane amadAvAdano pitAne ijAro je hatuM te laI levA pezavAe goviMdarAvane jaNAvyuM. goviMdarA zivarAma gAradIne lazkarI sAmagrI sAthe amadAvAda jItI levA mokalyo. amadAvAdane ghero ghAlavAmAM Avyo ane aMte zekarane kedI banAvI, berasada laI jaI rAkhavAmAM Avyo, jyAM e sAta varSa karatAM vadhu samaya e sthitimAM rahyo. 23 goviMdarAve amadAvAda lIdhA bAda pezavAnA IjArAvALo bhAga pitAnA anaurasa khAsa mAnItA putra bhagavaMtarAya mATe pezavA pAsethI meLavI lIdho. pAMca varSa mATe dara varSe pAMca lAkha rUpiyAnA badalAmAM pezavAe gujarAtamAMnA pitAnA badhA hakka ApyA hatA, jemAM saurASTranI khaMDaNI, peTalAda nApADa rANApura dhaMdhUkA ane gheghAnI mahesulano tathA khaMbhAtanI amuka jakAta ane amadAvAdanA mahesUla bhAgane samAveza thato hato. e dhapAtra che ke pezavAe potAnA bhAI cimAjInI gujarAtanA sUbA tarIke je nimaNUka karI hatI te rada karI na hatI ane chatAM paNa geviMdarAva gAyakavADane hakka ApyA hatA ! * goviMdarAva gAyakavADe amadAvAdamAM pitAnA nAyaba tarIke siMdhiyAnA maMtrInA bhAI yAdavarAya bhAskarane mokalavA vicAryuM. ene hetu pitAne maMtrI rAvajI ApAcha rAjayamAM adhika sattAdhIza banI thayo hato tenI sAme eka prabaLa sattAbaLa UbhuM karavAnuM hatuM, paraMtu goviMdarAva emAM phAvI zakyo nahi ane rAvajIe potAnA bhatrIjA raghunAtharAva urphe kAkAjInI nimaNUka amadAvAda mATe karAvavAmAM saphaLatA meLavI. siMdhiyAne pAMca lAkha rUpiyAnI pahelI rakamanI cUkavaNI karavA vaDodarAnA zAhukAra haribhaktine e rakama ApavAmAM

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pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 13 AvI, e samaye goviMdarAvanuM avasAna thayuM (sapTembara 19, 1800). goviMdarAvanA samayamAM pezavA bAjIrAve vaDedarA rAjyane khaMDaNI daMDa najara vagerenA asahya nANAkIya bejAthI taddana nabaLuM banAvI dIdhuM hatuM. lazkarano ja kharca rAjyanI Avaka karatAM vadhu hate. nyAyataMtra ke prajArakSaNa ane bIjAM prajAkIya kAryo mATe durlakSa apAtuM. tamAma sattA lUMTaphATamAM mAnanAra ud Da ane mijAjI svabhAvanA bhADUtI Araba senikonA hAthamAM kendrita thayelI hatI. pezavA ane siMdhiyA vaDodarA rAjyanuM visarjana thAya e prakriyAne khUba rasapUrvaka nihALI rahyA hatA. 24 AnaMdarAva gAyakavADa (1800-1818) goviMdarAvane 11 putra hatA. teomAM 7 anaurasa hatA, je gAdInA hakadAra na hatA. teomAM kAnhajIrAva sauthI moTo hato. goviMdarAvanI paTarANI gahenAbhAIe jAhera karyuM ke mArA putra AnaMdarAvane gAdI nahi apAya te huM patinA mRtadeha sAthe satI thaIza. maMtrI rAvajInI gerahAjarImAM rAvajInA bhAI bAbAjI, ArabonA saradAra mIra kamAludIna, maMgaLa pArekha ane sAmaLa pArekhe daramyAnagIrI karI gahenAbAIne AnaMdarAvanA haka jALavavA kabUlAta ApI satI thavAno nirNaya paDatuM mukA, jo ke badhAne khAtarI hatI ke AnaMdarAva nirbaLa ane vyasanI hovAthI rAjya calAvavA taddana ayogya hatA, chatAM AnaMdarAvane gAdIe besADavAmAM Avyo. maMtrI rAvajI vaDedarA pAcho phare e pahelAM ja kAnhAjIrAve mahArAjA -banelA AnaMdarAvane khuza karIne pitAne tenA "mutAlika' eTale ke nAyaba tarIke nimAvI dIdhA, Arabone rAvajI karatAM paNa vadhu rakama ApI pitAnA pakSe laI lIdhA ane AnaMdarAvanA badhA adhikAra dhIme dhIme paDAvI laI pite sAcI sattA bhogavavA lAgyo. eNe nANAM prApta karavA ghaNI gerarItio ajamAvI. rAjakuTuMbanAM sabhyonI paNa bhAre kanaDagata karI. rAjyanA AkhA vahIvaTamAM bhAre avyavasthA phelAI. A saMjogomAM ArAe kAnhAjIrAvanA virodhIo pAsethI vadhu lAMca laI kAnhajIrAvane keda karyo (jAnyuArI 1, 1801) ane rANapuranA killAmAM rAkhe. rAvajI pharI pAchI sattA para AvI gayo. briTiza daramyAnagIrIne AraMbha maMtrI rAvajIe vahIvaTI sattA punaH hAthamAM lIdhI, paNa Arabe emanAM

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139 ] marAThA kAla [ ... hiMsAtmaka ane damanakArI kAya karatA rahetA heAvAthI e bhAre du:khI thatA. enI icchA aMgrejonI darmyAnagIrI lAvavAnI hatI, je Araone gamatu na hatuM. AtmAne lAvanAra e pote chatA ane have te ja enI sAme thayA hatA. A saMjogAmAM kAnhAjIrAvanI mAtA gajarAbAI surata hatI teNe kaDInA jAgIradAra malhArarAvane dIvAna rAvajI sAme pagalAM bharavA sa MdezA mAlAngeA. malhArarAve agAu rAvajIne kAnhAjIrAva sAme TekA ApyA hatA, paraMtu malhArarAva potAne gAyakavADane ApavAnI thatI '- pezakaza'nI rakama mApha karAvavA IcchA rAkhatA hovAthI eNe kAnhAjIrAva pakSe javAnuM nakkI karyuM. AnadarAvatA anaurasa putra mukuMdarAva paNa emanA pakSe tuM ja joDAyA, A paristhitimAM rAvajI ane kAnhAjIrAvanA pakSoe muMbaI sattAne madada karavA vinaMtI karI, gavarnara DaMkananI marAThA rAjakAraNamAM daramyAnagIrI karavAnI anicchA hatI, tethI dhaNA vilaMba pachI eNe mejara e. vAkarane ane pakSA vacce madhyasthI karavA me!kalavA ane mahArAjA AnaMdarAvanI khIjI kAI icchA hoya te| enI khAtarI karavA mAlavA nakkI karyu. ane e je niNaeNya Ape tene TekA ane pIkbaLa maLI rahe e mATe 2,000 nuM lazkara khaMbhAta ravAnA karyuM; jo ke eTalu lazkara pUratu te na ja hatu.. 1800 nA aMtamAM paristhiti gUMcavADAvALI banI hatI, bAbAjI ane malhArarAvanAM lazkarA vacce ghaNuM thatAM hatAM. vaDAdarAmAM rAvajInuM sthAna asthira baneluM hatuM. sAmAnya sthiti becenIbharI banI hatI. rAvajI aMgrejone khelAvI lAvanAra mANasa tarIke ArakhemAM bhAre apriya banyA hatA. A saMjogAmAM siMdhiyAe peAtAnA amadAvAdanA ijArA mATene e varSAMte! 10 lAkha rUpiyAnA hakkadAvA rajU karI paristhiti vadhu gUMcavI nAkhI, AthI ja kadAca muMbaInI aMgreja sattAe vaDAdarA rAjyamAM madhyasthI karavAnI taiyArI batAvI haze !' vakaranu` kA` mejara vAkare vaDAdarA paheAMcI ( jAnyuArI 1, 1801) joyuM ke AnaMdarAva nabaLI mudghinA, ArAthI bhayabhIta thayelA, jAgIradAra malhArarAvane amitra tarIke mAnatA thayelA ane enA bhAI kAnhAjIrAvane kedamAM pUrI rAkhavAthI. ciMtita che. rAjya bhAre devAmAM DUbelu hatu. lazkaramAM tIvra asa teASa vyApelo hatA ane e baMDakhora sthitimAM hatuM. samagra vahIvaTItaMtra mokUpha rakhAyelI sthitimAM lAgyuM. A badhI paristhiti joI vakare dIvAna rAvajIne badhA

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 139 AropomAMthI mukta karyo. mahArarAve ravAthI nIti apanAvI, dIvAna rAvajIe samAdhAna karavA mATe ene rU. 10000 nI "pezakaza" rakama ghaTADI ApavAnuM vacana ApeluM hatuM chatAM e na svIkAratAM kAnhAjIrAvane madada karavA badala javAbadAra TheravyuM, paraMtu mahArarAve vaDodarA rAjyamAM khaMDaNI ugharAvavAnA hakaka mATe ane eNe lazkarIbaLathI kabaje karela visanagara enI pAse rahevA devA mATe Agraha rAkhyo. samAdhAna mATe kaI mArga na rahetAM vakara pitAnA khaMbhAta khAtenA lazkara sAthe joDAvA, vaDedarA choDIne jato rahyo (phebruArI 18, 1801). jAgIradAra sAthe lazkarI saMgharSa anivArya jaNAyo hato. eka bAjue senApati bAbAjI ane vokaranAM saMyukta daLe ane sAmA pakSe malhArarAvane lazkara vacce thoDI laDAIo cAreka mahinAnA gALAmAM thaI (phebruArI 23. thI me 3), jemAM aMte malhArarAva hArI gayo ane pachI zaraNe thaI gayo. malhArarAvane naDiyAda rahevAnI paravAnagI apAI ane savA lAkha rUpiyAnI UpajavALA jillA apAyA. e pachI trIjA mahine saMkheDA ane bahAdarapuranA jAgIradAra gaNapatarAve baMDa karyuM, paNa e briTiza TukaDInA zaraNe thaI gayo (julAI 7) ane ene sAthI murArarAva dhAramAM AnaMdarAva pavAranA Azraye jato rahyo. aMgrejone apAyelA pradeza ane sahAyaka daLa aMgreja sattAe ApelI sevAonI pahelI kAmagIrI pUrI thatAM ene badale turta ja mAgavAmAM Avyo. lazkarI kAmagIrI zarU thaI e pahelAM ja rAsI paragaNAnI ane suratanI cothane hisso bakSisa tarIke ApI devAmAM Avyo hate. khaMbhAta khAte DaMkana ane rAvajI vacce thayelA karAra mujaba A caDAIne kharca vyAja sAthe be haptAmAM (pahele hate 1 lI okaTobara 181 ane bIje haste 5 mI jAnyuArI 1.02nA roja) cUkavavAnuM gAyakavADe. svIkAryuM ane bAMhedharIrUpe surata aThThAvIsIne pitAne hisso Ape. mahArarAvanuM baMDa zamAvI devAyA bAda aMgrejoe gupta rIte Apela lakarane kharca mahine rU. 65,000 no thato hato te vaDodarA rAjya bhogavavAno hato. baMDa zamAvI devAyA bAda cIkhalInuM paragaNuM ApavAmAM AvyuM (jUna 8,. 1802) ane pAchaLathI emAM kheDAno killo tathA jAgIra umeravAmAM AvyAM (me 2, 1803). vaDodarA rAjya gIrA mukAyelA pradezane lIdhe bhArI vimAsaNamAM AvI

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10 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. paDayuM hevAthI, emAMthI mArga kADhavA aMgreja sattA sAthe navA karAra karavAmAM AvyA (jana 6, 1802). emAM badhI jAyadAda ApavAnI vidhi jana 1803 sudhI maphapha rAkhavAmAM AvI, paraMtu e ja samaye evuM nakkI karAyuM ke dhoLakAnuM paragaNuM tathA naDiyAdamAMthI rU. 50,000nI jAgIra tu ja ApavI. enI khAtarI tarIke saurASTra ane kaDInI mahesUlI Avaka bAnamAM ApavAmAM AvI. pahelA varSamAM karela lakarI kharca 7 lAkha ane 80 hajAra thata hatA ene mATe 9 TakA vyAjanuM eka RNapatra ApavAmAM AvyuM, paraMtu jAnyuArI 1803 sudhImAM dhoLakA naDiyAda vijApura ane kaDIne Tapa, jenI badhI maLI kula kiMmata 7 lAkha ane 80 hajAra thatI hatI te, aMgreja sattAne ApavAmAM AvyAM. vaLI Arabene pagAranI bAkI rahelI rakama cUkavavA kaMpanI sattAe je rakama agAuthI ApI hatI te 1805 nA jUna sudhImAM bharapAI karI ApavAnI hatI. ane ene mATe vaDodarA korala sinora peTalAda ane amadAvAdanAM paragaNuonI Upaja bAnamAM ApavAmAM AvI. rAvajIe karelA karArane mahArAjA AnaMdarAve bahAlI ApI (julAI ra9, 182). rAvajIe aMgreja sattA pratye ApelI sevAono badale muMbaI sattAe Apyo. vaDodarA rAjyanuM dIvAnapada rAvajInA prabhu-kuTuMbamAM cAlu rahe evI bAbatane eka khAnagI karAra karavAmAM Avyo.28 gAyakavADa ane muMbaInI sattA vacce vadhatA jatA saMbaMdhanA kAraNe, mejara vokarane vaDodarAmAM resiDenTa tarIke mokalavAmAM Avyo (julAI 11, (1802 ).. dIvAna rAvajI ApAjInuM avasAna thatAM (julAI 18, 1807) enI jagyAe ene dattaka putra tarIke lIdhela bhatrIjo sItArAma dIvAna bane. sItArAma aprAmANika, binaAvaDatavALo ane A pada mATe lAyaka guNe na dharAvato hatA. e mahArAjAne khetI salAha paNa Apato hato. mejara vokara jyAre vaDodarA Avyo tyAre e pitAnI sAthe puNenA haripaMta phaDakenA Azrita tarIke rahela gaMgAdhara zAstrI paTavardhanane gAyakavADa mahArAjAnA salAhakAra tarIke laI Avyo hato. e briTiza sattAnI nokarImAM joDAyo hato(1802). eNe vaphAdArIpUrvaka kArya karI saMmAnanIyatA prApta karI hatI.29 phattesiMharAvanuM punarAgamana A vakhate heLakara ane siMdhiyA vacce madhya hiMdamAM bhAre gharSaNa

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pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 141 thayAM. enI asara gAyakavADa kuTuMba para paNa paDI. mahArAjA AnaMdarAvane nAno bhAI phattesiMharAva e vakhate puNemAM hatA tene heLakaranA eka amaladAre keda pakaDayo. ene lazkara ApIne gujarAtamAM mokalI tephAne karAvavAmAM Avaze evI dahezata vaDodarAnI rAjya-kAryavAhaka samiti je sItArAma dIvAna. banatAM ane vokara AvyA pachI racAI hatI teNe pharasiMharAvane choDAvavA mATe meTI rakama ApavAnI taiyArI batAvI heLakarane saMdeze mekalAvyo. e svIkArAtAM pharasiMharAva ane enI mAtAne gujarAta tarapha mokalavAmAM AvyAM. emanI sAthe AvavA nIkaLelA pIMDhArA saradAra ahamadakhAna tema hALakaranA lazkaranI pakaDamAMthI chaTakI jaIne pharasiMharAva enI mAtA sAthe vaDodarA pahoMcI gayo (okaTobara 2, 1803). pharasiMharAve have vaDodarAmAM rANI gahenAbAInI sAthe rahevAnuM rAkhyuM. mejara vakare paririthati para cAMpatI najara rAkhI phattesiMharAvane gAdI para besADavA paThANe tophAna na kare e paNa javAnuM hatuM. vaLI A samaye mahArAja AnaMdarAvanI mAnItI rANI takhatAbAIe dIvAna sItArAma ane resiDenTa vaikarane keda karI, paThANe ane bIjAnI madadathI vaDodarA kabaje karavAnuM kAvataruM reryuM hatuM, paNa e khulluM paDI jatAM enA yajakone zikSA karavAmAM AvI gAyakavADa ane marAThA viraha ' ' pezavAe gAyakavADane gujarAtanA potAnA pradezane IjAro pharI vAra varSe sADA cAra lAkhanA dare dasa varSa mATe tAje karI Ape (okaTobara 2, 1804). hakIktamAM e bhagavaMtarAva gAyakavADane ApavAmAM Avyo hato. gAyakavADe 1805 ane 1806 daramyAna aMgrejo ane marAThAo vacce thayelI ghaNI laDAIemAM aMgreja pakSe sakriya bhAga lIdho. aMgrejonI hALakara sAthe thatI nAnI, meTI laDAIothI, heLakaranA gujarAta paranA AkramaNano bhaya satata rahete.. 1805 ane 1808nA karAra A saMjogomAM a greja sattAo ane gAyakavADa sattA vacce karAra (The Definitive Treaty) thayA (eprila 21, 1805).30 enI jogavAIomAM sahAyaka daLamAM pAyadaLanI saMkhyA 3,000 sudhI vadhAravAmAM AvI, eka yuropIya topakhAnAnI TukaDI rAkhavAmAM AvI ne aMgreja sattAne jarUra lAge tyAre saurASTramAM lazkaranI eka TukaDI mokalavAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM. enA kharca mATe agAu apAyelA cerAsI, cIkhalI, suratanI cUtha ane kheDA uparAMta,

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-142 ] marAThA kAla [ ma. bIjI vadhArAnI rU. 11,70,000 nI UpajavALA jillA ApavAmAM AvyA. emAM dhALakA naDiyAda vijApura ane mAtara tathA mahudhAne samAveza karavAmAM AvyA. kaDInA Tappo tathA kIma--kaThodarA paNu ApavAmAM AvyAM. ApavAmAM AvelA A pradezAnI Upaja 10 lAkha ane 70 hajAranI mUkavAmAM AvI ane -bAkInI khUTatI rakama mATe saurASTramAMthI jogavAI karavAmAM AvI. gAyakavADanA -vaDAdarA rAjyanI paradezanItinuM saMcAlana aMgreja sattA dvArA thAya, gAyakavADa koI paNa yurApIya ke amerikanane athavA hiMdu dezanA keAI vatanIne aMgreja -sattAnI paravAnagI vagara nAkarIe rAkhe nahi, aMgreja satA paNa gAyakavADanI sa Mpati vagara gAyakavADanA nAkA ke AzritA athavA gulAmAne nAkarIe rAkhe nahIM, pezavA sAthenA tamAma matabhedyanu nirAkaraNa briTiza lavAdIne soMpAya, ekabIjAnA pradezanI bhAgeDu vyakti arasaparasanA pradezamAM AzA le te ene parata kare evI bAMhedharI ApavA jevI bAbateneA samAveza karavAmAM AvyA. 1808 mAM bIjA karAra thayA (julAI 12), je pUraka karAra ( The :supplementry Treaty) kahevAyAo emAM 1805 nA karAranA pharIthI samAveza karAyA ane e karAramAM apAyelA pradezAnI UpajatI rakama agAu nakkI karAyelI rU. 1,76,168 nI rakamathI ochI AvatAM, rakamane meLa paDI -zake mATe bhAvanagara taraphathI AvatI dhAsadANanI rakrama ane naDiyAda seAkhaDA sAdara-makhajI haidarAbAdanI verAnI rakamA tathA dheALakA moDherAmAM amuka gAmo, mAtara vijApura vagere badhu maLI kula rU. 1,76,168 nI Upaja maLe tevA pradeza aMgreja sarakAre lIdhA. ttesiMharAva ( bIjo ) gAyakavADa (rAjyapAlaka) 1806-1818 mahArAjA AnaMdarAvanI cittabhramanI sthiti cAlu rahI, dIvAna sItArAmanI uzkeraNIjanaka pravRttio cAlu hatI e rAjyamAM sudhArA karavAmAM aredhaka khanI rahyo hatA. eNe 1807 nA Ara MbhamAM saurASTramAM rahelA bAbAjIne potAnI madade AvavA vina MtI karI hatI, paNa bAmAjI enI pravRttiothI nAkhuza hate. sItArAme mahArAjAnI jANa bahAra bephAma kharco karyA hatA, AthI enA taraphanA bhaya bane teTalA e karavA phosiharAvanI rAjyapAlaka tarIke pasaMdagI karavAmAM AvI. muMbaInI aMgreja sattA paNa sItArAmanI pravRttiothI nAkhuza nhatI, AthI mejara vokare muMbaI sarakArane rAjyanI vahIvaTI samiti sabhya

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[ 14a 5 muM]. pezavAI sattAnI paDatI tarIke bAbAjIne nImavA bhalAmaNa karI. bAbAjIe saurASTrane havAle chaDI dIdho ane e viThThalarAva devAjIne Ape. vaDodarA AvyA pachI bAbAjIne vahIvaTI kAmo kramaza: vadhu ne vadhu soMpAtAM gayAM ne sItArAmanAM ochAM karAtAM gayAM. rAjyamAM pharasiMharAvanAM sattA ane prabhAva paNa vadhavA lAgyAM. salAhakAra tarIke gaMgAdhara zAstrI hatA. jyAM sudhI gaMgAdhara vaDodarAmAM rahyA tyAM sudhI phattesiMharAva sArA zAsaka tarIke levAnI ane briTiza sattAne enA mitra tarIke rahyAnI pratIti karAvI ApI. phattesiMharAvanA samayamAM saurASTramAM rAjyanI khaMDaNI saMbaMdhamAM nirAkaraNa karavAnI khAsa jarUriyAta UbhI thaI; enA pariNAme "vokara seTalamenTa' karavAmAM AvyuM. -saurASTramAM gAyakavADanI sattA damAjIrAvanA samaya sudhImAM (1768) saurASTramAM gAyakavADanA tAbAmAM ghaNuM pradeza AvI jatAM, gAyakavADanI sattAno sArA pramANamAM phelA thaye hato. pezavA ane gAyakavADa vacce thayelA 175-53 nA pradeza bhAgalA karAra pramANe lagabhaga 1800 sudhI baMnenI saMyukta ke je khaMDaNI ugharAve evI jogavAI hatI. gAyakavADe pezavAnA hissAne IjAro 1814 sudhI rAkhI khaMDaNI ugharAvavAnuM kAma karyuM hatuM. mulakagIrI ugharAvanArA marAThA saradAromAM zivarAma gAradI ane bAbAjI ApAjInAM nAma mokhare rahyAM. emaNe khaMDaNInI rakamamAM ghaNo vadhAro karyo hato. teo dhAkadhamakI ane baLanA jore khaMDaNI udharAvatA. keTalIka jagyAe ghaNu ThAkora bAbAjI sAme thayA hatA. kaDInA mahArarAve paNa baMDa UThAvyuM hatuM, paraMtu bAbAjIe e badhAne harAvIne khaMDaNI vasula lIdhI hatI. - vekaranuM samAdhAna 19mI sadInA AraMbhamAM saurASTramAM rAjakIya sthiti bhAre asateSavALI ajaMpAvALI ane arAjakatA bharI hatI. marAThAoe cheka 1721 nA arasAthI saMkhyAbaMdha savArIo karI khaMDaNI vasula levAnuM kAma karyuM hatuM. varSe varSe thatI mulagIrI-savArIothI trAselA hakoe eno InkAra karI sAmano karavA mAMDayo. AthI karI khaMDaNI niyamita maLatI rahe ane raktapAta nivArI zakAya e mATe Ukela lAvavAnuM jarUrI mAnavAmAM AvyuM.

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144 ] marAThA kAla [31. 1807 mAM vAkara briTiza TukaDI sAthe mArakhI rAjyamAM A te viThThalarAva devAjI sAthe joDAyA. emaNe dhuMTu mukAme paDAva nAkhyA. e vakhate meArakhI ane mALiyA vacce gadaMbhIra svarUpane sadha cAlI rahyo hato,. temAM samAdhAna karAvavAmAM paNa emaNe bhAga bhajavyeA. chellAM cAra varSonu mahesUla mArakhI pAse leNuM hatuM te paNa mArakhI pAsethI kaDhAvyu.32 vokare e pachI navAnagara porabaMdara jUnAgaDha rAjakoTa gAMDaLa dhroLa ane khIjA` hAlAra pradezanAM rAjyAmAM thaI e pachI kAThIonA pradeza madhya-saurASTramAM pravezyA. saurASTranA sa MbadhakartA darakhArA rAjAe rANA rAvaLa AkAra vagere sAthe sIdhI rIte vAtacIta karatAM pahelAM gAyakavADanA pratinidhi tarIke viThThalarAve ane vAkare eka paripatra e badhAne meAkalAvyA, jemAM khaMDaNInA nirAkaraNa mATe keTalIka darakhAstA AdhAra tarIke darzAvavAmAM AvI hatI. e badhA taraphathI vividha prakAranA javAba maLyA hatA. mALiyAnA rAjA, jeNe bAbAjInA sAmane karI pAchA haTAvyA hatA, teNe tA vAkarane potAnI sAthe joDAI kacchanuM raNa oLaMgI kaccha si Mdhane lUTavA nimatraNa mokalAvyu` hatu` ! vokare gAyakavADanA chellAM thADAM varSoMnA hisAAnI tapAsa karI, vigatAnA abhyAsa karyo tyAre ene lAgyuM ke ' kharA-jAta ' athavA vadhArAnI ( khaMDaNI uparAMtanI ) rakamamAM bhAre ghaTADo karavAnuM salAha bharyu che. je 29 darabArAne paripatrA mokalAyAM hatA temanA lAgatA vaLagatA kuTu khIjatAnA hakko ane hiteAnA rakSaNa mATe karAramAM ullekha karavAmAM Ave te e darakhArA sAthe alaga karAra caI zake ema che e paNa ene jaNAyuM jo ke rAjapUta vArasAnA viziSTa prakAranA niyamAnusAra tapAsa karatAM jaNAyuM ke 154 jeTalI vyaktione emanI khAMDaNI ne mATe ekakhIjAthI svata Mtra rahI, karAra karavAnA adhikAra che tethI samAdhAna karavAmAM bhAre vilaMba thayA, paraMtu chevaTe samAdhAna thayu.. e samAdhAnanAM nANAkIya ane rAjakIya evAM e pAsAM hatAM. d 1807 mAM je khaMDaNI nakkI karavAmAM AvI te dareka darakhAre ane enA vaMza vAlI vArasAe have pachI vaDeAdarA rAjyane ApavAnuM baMdhana svIkAyuM, paNa pratipakSe darabArAe cUkavavAnI nakkI thayelI rakamathI vadhu mAgaNI vaDAdarA sarakAre karavI nahi, vaLI e mATe daza vaSa sudhI prati-salAmatInI mAgaNI paNa emaNe karI, eTaluM ja nahi, paNu karArAmAM briTiza sarakAre paNa sAmela thavu joIe evA Agraha rAkhyA. vAMkare kaMpanI sarakAra vatI salAmatI ApI ane karAramAM sahabhAgI banavAnuM kabUla rAkhyuM. A nANAkIya pAsuM hatuM

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI rAjakIya pAsuM je hatuM temAM darabAre rAjAo ThAkore vagere vacce parasparanA jhagaDAne kevI rIte aTakAvI daI nAbUda karavA ane emane kAbUmAM rAkhavA kevAM pagalAM levAM e mATe moTo prazna hato. sarvopari sattAnuM lazkara saurASTramAMthI khaseDI levAya to agAunI jema ja AkhA prAMtamAM rAjakIya azAMti UbhI thAya ane evI sthitimAM darabAro nakkI karelI khaMDaNI vaDodarAne ApI na zake. Ama AvA rAjakIya praznanuM samAdhAna karavuM jarUrI hatuM, AthI darabAro pote ja zAMti-vyavasthA jALavavAmAM sahakAra Ape ane karAranuM pAlana kare ne bIjAne karavA de evI sthitinuM nirmANa karavAnuM jarUrI lAgyuM. AvA muddA parathI evA karAra karavAmAM AvyA, jemAM dareka sahI karanAra darabAra rAjA vagere potAnI vartaNUka ane zAMtibharI rItabhAta mATe potAne jAmIna Ape. e jAmIna bIjo koI rAjA ke darabAra ja hoya evuM karavAmAM AvyuM. A rIte jAmInanI bAbata badhA rAjA-darabAro vacce paraspara sadbhAvanA ane zAMti rAkhavAnI AvazyakatA banI rahI. dareka darabAra-rAjAne eka paravAnA-khata athavA bAMhedharI-khata ApavAmAM AvyuM, jemAM gAyakavADa sarakAra kabUla karavAmAM AvelI khaMDaNInI rakama karatAM vadhu rakama leze nahi evuM lakhavAmAM AvyuM. enA para vakare paNa potAnI sarakAra vatI sahI-sikkA karI ApyAM. e nedhavuM joIe ke khaMDaNanI rakama kAyamI dhoraNe nakkI karAI hatI, paraMtu salAmatInI bAMhedharI dara dasa varSe pharI tAjI karI ApavAnI hatI. gAyakavADanI khaMDaNInI kula rakama rU. 9,79,882 nakakI karavAmAM AvI hatI. e noMdhapAtra che ke darabAra-rAjAonI sadvartaNUka mATenI khAtarI ApatA karAra (phelajhAmina) sivAya pezavA sarakArano ullekha khaMDaNInI bAbatamAM karavAmAM AvyuM na hatuM. hakIkata e paNa hatI ke A samaye pezavAnI khaMDaNIne IjA gAyakavADa pAse 1814 sudhI kAmacalAu hatA. Ama AvA judA judA karArathI khaMDiyA rAjAo ane sarvopari sattA vaccenA saMbaMdha ekabIjA mATe viziSTa prakAranA karAra (contract jevA) banyA ane badhI anizcitatAo dabANe julama pratIkAra vagere jatAM rahyAM.33 vokara samAdhAna"nI asara tAtkAlika te e paDI ke ghaNuM varSo sudhI saurASTramAM bhAre azAMti pravartatI hatI te jatI rahI ane zAsake sahita lakone vArSika mulAkagIrI-savArIo AvavAne bhaya jato rahyo. I-7-10

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marAThA kAla [pra. vakara 1809 sudhI saurASTramAM rahyo. eNe viThThalarAva devAjIne sAcI sattA ApI, hisAbe punaH sudhAravAnI, navA ane kuzaLa kAmadAre nImavAnI, agAunA nANAkIya geTALA mATe tapAsa karavAnI ane nyAyakIya paMca nImavAnI salAha ApI. kaI kaI bAbatamAM bIjA sudhArA karavA enI paNa vigate sucanAo ApI. AmAMnA ghaNA sudhArA amalamAM mUkavAmAM AvyA hatA. 19 mI sadInA AraMbhamAM saurASTramAM gAyakavADanI sattA nIce vadhu pradeza-vistAra lAvavAnI kAmagIrI thaI. viThThalarAva devAjIe emAM mahatvano bhAga bhajavyo. eNe bAbarAnA kAThIo ane bIjAo pAsethI gAma lakhAvI laI pradeza vidhAryA. emAMthI ra6 gAmane "dAmanagara mahAla bane. ziyAnagara bhAvanagara tathA gaDhaDAnA khAcara kAThIonA tAbAmAM hatuM. bhAvanagaranA ThAkore kAThIone hisso pacAvI pADavAnI zarUAta karI tyAre kAThIoe 1814 nA arasAmAM potAnA hissAmAM paNa bhAga gAyakavADa sarakArane lakhI Apyo hate ane gAyakavADanuM rakSaNa meLavyuM hatuM. bhAvanagarane jeTale bAkI hise rahele hatA te pAchaLathI gAyakavADe vecAte laI lIdhe. A samaye bhAvanagara ane vaLAnA darabAre menapuranA ghoghArI rAjapUtonI jamIna dabAvavA lAgyA tyAre emaNe gAyakavADane keTalAMka gAmano badho "vera" ane aDadhI vaje" lakhI ApI rakSaNa meLavyuM. ziyAnagara ane bIjA ATha gAma ziyAnagara mahAla mAM AvyAM. 1806-07 mAM navAnagaranA tAlukAmAM bhImakadAnA rAjapUta garAsiyAo tathA e jillAnA uparI khavAsa sagarAma vacce jhagaDo thayo tethI garAsiyAoe pitAnI jAgIrano aDadho bhAga tathA rAjyAdhikAra gAyakavADane lakhI ApyAM ne rakSaNa meLavyuM. - 18 mI sadImAM dhArIne kiTale sarasiyAnA thebANa kAThIonA kabajAmAM hato, teoe e kile vAMkiyA tAlukAnA rANIMga vALA nAmanA bahAravaTiyAne Apyo. rANIMga vALo jyAre bahAravaTuM karato thayo tyAre gAyakavADe dhArI tAlukA pitAnA kabajAmAM laI lIdho. 1806-07mAM sarasiyA(tA. dhArI)nA kAThIoe 13 gAmanI jAgIra gAyakavADane lakhI ApI. 1811-12 mAM cAInA kAThIoe potAno dalakhANiyA paragaNAmAM Avela Akho garAsa lakhI Ape. evI rIte dhAtaravara paragaNunA kAThIoe 1811-13 daramyAna 78 gAma gAyakavADane ApyAM. e pachI sarasiyA cAcaI ane dhAMtaravarane dhArI tAlukAmAM samAveza karavAmAM Avyo. jetapura tAlukAnAM nava gAma paNa A tAlukAmAM joDI devAmAM AvyAM. amarelIne jetapuranAM covIsa

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 147 gAmenI caca para hakka hato; amarelInA sattAvALAoe dhIme dhIme tyAM pagapesAro karI chevaTe emaNe nava gAma ane keTalIka rokaDa rakama paDAvI lIdhAM. A navemAMnAM be gAma jUnAgaDhanA navAbe gaMgAdhara zAstrI ane viThThalarAva devAjIne vaMzaparaMparA ApyAM hatAM e gAmone gAyakavADa sarakAre je te mahAlamAM bheLavI dIdhAM. vALA kAThIoe emanI calALAnI ane emanAM tAbAnAM cha -gAmonI jAgIra navAnagaranA jAmane tyAM gIro mUkI hatI. 1812 mAM jAme pitAnuM svAtaMtrya jAhera karavAno prayAsa karyo. pariNAme gAyakavADa ane aMgreja lazkara enI sAme gayAM, jethI ene zaraNe AvavAnI pharaja paDI. AvA sAnukULa samaye viThThalarAve jAma pAsethI calALAne gIro hakaka gAyakavADa mATe kharIdI lIdho ane calALAne dhArI mahAlamAM joDI devAmAM AvyuM. 1804 mAM okhAmaMDaLanA vAghera cAMciyAoe eka aMgreja daMpatIne laIne dariyAkAMThe haMkArAtA jahAjane lUMTI lIdhuM hatuM. muMbaInI aMgreja sattAe emane zikSA karavA eka naukAkAphale mokalyo hato, paNa e kAmagIrI karavAmAM niSphaLa nIvaDayo hato, AthI 1807 mAM mejara vokara mALiyA hatA tyAre tene okhAmaMDaLa jaI vAghere pAse emanA kArya badala vaLatara vasUla levAne Adeza apAya. vokara viThThalarAva devAjInA lazkara sAthe dvArakA jaI vAghera para 1 lAkha ane 10 hajAra rUpiyA daMDa nAkhyo ane apakRtya badala dhamakI -ApI vAgherene zaraNe ANyA. 1809 mAM mALiyA ane khAMDAdhAranA saradAroe tophAna macAvatAM ane kAThIoe julamo vartAvatAM khAsa prakAranI lazkarI kAmagIrI karavAnuM jarUrI banyuM. miyANane joradAra bacAva chatAM mALiyA karnala vakare kabaje karyuM (julAI 1809), tethI A khA pradeza para vokaranI nAmanA phelAI gaI. khAMDAdhAra paNa zaraNe thaI gayuM. tyAMnA saradAra pAsethI bhAre daMDa levAmAM Avyo. Ama vIkara saurASTramAM nedhapAtra kAmagIrI bajAvI vaDedarA pAcho pharyo (1809). enA saurASTramAMthI gayA bAda 1820 sudhI saurASTrane vahIvaTa gAyakavADanA sUbA viThalarAva devAjIe bhAre kuzaLatApUrvaka calAvyo. eNe amarelImAM mukhya mathaka rAkhyuM. enI madadamAM aMgreja resiDenTane eka madadanIza tyAM rAkhavAmAM Avyo. e baMnenI kAmagIrImAM pezavA-gAyakavADanI khaMDaNI ugharAvavI, zAMtisuleha jALavI baMdobasta rAkhavA, gAdIvArasanI sarakAra bAbatamAM nIveDe lAva, jhagaDatAM sthAnika rajavADAMo vacce daramyAnagIrI

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148 ] azA kAla [ pra.. karavI, parahadamAM pakaDAyelA gunegArAne zikSA karavI vagerene samAveza thatA hatA. 1812-13 mAM saurASTramAM bhAre dukALa paDayo ane Thera Thera khAMDa thayAM, paNa. e briTiza pheAjanI madadathI dabAvI devAyAM. 1814 mAM pezavA sattAe peAtAnA hissAnA gAyakavADane ApelA ijArA pUrA thatAM khaMDaNI udharAvavA pAtAnI phAja saurASTramAM mekalI ApI AthI avyavasthA phelAtAM gAyakavADanA aMkuza zithila banyA, paNa 1818 mAM pezavAnI sattAnA aMta AvatAM pezavAnA sarvopari hakka aMgreja sattAe laI lIdhA. ane saurASTramAM briTiza sattA sarvopari banI rahI,34 vAkaranI vaDAdarAnI kAmagIrI karnala vokare vaDAdarA pAchA AvI sudhArAnuM kArya punaH zarU karyuM, dIvAna sItArAme dhaNAM nAlezIbharyo' kRtya karyAM hatAM. eNe hAphijha gulAma husena nAmanI halkI kakSAnI vyakti sAthe patravyavahAra calAvI gujarAtamAM briTiza sattA ane prabhAva nAbUda karavA khaTapaTe zarU karI hatI. sItArAmanI AvI khaTapaTI pravRtti sAme vAkare sakhatAIthI kAma lIdhuM.35 bAbAjI ApAjInuM avasAna thatAM (navembara 28, 1810) enA putra viThThalarAva bhAu * khAsagIvAlA 'pade AvyeA. viThThalarAva varSo sudhI maMtrI tarIke rahyo ane e pachI gaMgAdhara zAstrI AvyA. 1813 mAM ga MgAdhara zAstrIne muMbaInI aMgreja sattA taraphathI 'mutAlika' tarIke nImatI sanada maLI ane vArSika rU. 60,000 pagAra ApavAnuM TharAvI ApyuM. gAyakavADanI muzkelIe vAdarA sarakAre 1812 mAM (phebruArI 12) kaMpI sattAnuM devuM bharapAI karI dIdhu hAvAthI muMbaInI sattAne vaDAdarA rAjyanI jarUrI AMtarika bAbatamAM cAMpatI dekharekha rAkhavAnI jarUra lAgatI na hatI, paraMtu pharIvAra gAvidarAvanA asaMtuSTa ane bhAre kAvatarAbAja putra kAnhAjIe vaDAdasa rAjyamAM aDa karavAnI pravRtti karI. eNe navAnagaranA jAmane paNa peAtAnA pakSe lIdhe, paNa e jAma rAjA, TUMka samayamAM ja a Mgreja sattva sAthe samAdhAna thatAM, emAMthI chUTA paDayo. kAnhAjIe khIjA paNa asaMtuSTa tattvAne bhegAM karyAM hatAM, paraMtu bharUcanA kaeNpTana khelenTAIne kAnhAjInA keMdra pAdarA para hallA karI kAnhAjIne keda karyo. ene pahelAM surata ane pachI muMbaI laI javAmAM AvyA ane chevaTe madrAsamAM jIvatAM sudhI najarakedamAM rAkhavAmAM AvyA. AvI sthitimAM

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pezavAIsattAnI paDatI [ 149 vaDodarAnA resiDenTane vaDodarAnA vahIvaTa para cAMpatI dekharekha rAkhavAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM. muhammada abUda siMdhiyA vatI sAvalI najIka khaMDaNI ugharAvate hatA te gAyakavADa sarakArane dhikkArato ane eNe rAjayamAM bhAre muzkelIo UbhI karI *(Disembara 12, 1812). eNe takhatAbAInI vinaMtIthI mAMDujI DhamaDhere sAthe rahIne Amada para theDI TukaDIo sAthe kuca karI. Ameda pezavAnuM khaMDiyuM gAma hatuM ane e hiMdu garAsiyA kuTuMbanuM hatuM, paraMtu e garAsiyo pAchaLathI muslima banyo hato. e gAmanA sagata mukhInuM lagna takhatAbAInI -bahena sAthe thayeluM hatuM. e bahenanA putra ane garAsiyAnA bhAI sAme -takhatAbA pagalAM levA mAgatI hatI. ema karavA jatAM pezavA sAthe gAyakavADane saMgharSamAM AvavuM paDe ema hatuM, paraMtu pharasiMharAvanI vinaMtIthI e AkramaNanI yojanA paDatI mUkavAmAM AvI. 1813 mAM khAnadeza taraphathI pIMDhArAoe AvIne gujarAtamAM hallA kya ane teo navasArI lUMTIne jatA rahyA. emAM gAyakavADanAM lakaroe kharAba dekhAva karatAM gAyakavADanI pratiSThAne jhAMkhapa lAgI. AvAM sarahadI tophAna vAraMvAra thatAM rahetAM. pezavAnA hakkadAvA vasAInA karAra ane 1805 nI gAyakavADa tathA kaMpanI sattA vacce thayela nirNaya karAramAM samAviSTa karAyela pezavAnA hakkadAvAnuM nirAkaraNa thayuM na nahatuM, amadAvAdanA IjArAnI mudata pUrI thavA AvI hatI, pezavA-gAyakavADa -vaccenA rAjakIya saMbaMdha paNa sukhada na hatA. bIjI bAju, gAyakavADane lAgatuM hatuM ke amadAvAdanA IjArAnI mudata pezavA pharI laMbAvI Apaze nahi ane vaDodarA rAjya sahana na karI zake tevI joradAra nANAkIya mAgaNIo mUkaze, AthI nANAkIya pAsAMnI vATAghATa karI samAdhAna sAdhavA mAdhavarAva tAtyA majumadArane puNe mokalavAnuM -nakkI karyuM, paNa pAchaLathI ene badale bAbAjInA gADha mitra bApu marALane pasaMda karavAmAM Avyo. bApu mirALa puNe pahoMcI paNa gayo. enA pachI gaMgAdhara zAstrI jAya evuM agAuthI nakkI thayeluM hatuM, paraMtu gaMgAdharanI icachA javAnI na hatI. ema chatAM e bhAre anicchAe ane briTiza rakSaNanI salAmatI nIce puNe javA nIkaLe (okaTobara 2, 1813).

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150 ] - marAThA kAla', muMbaInI aMgrejI sattA pezavA-gAyakavADa vacce matabhedanuM nirAkaraNa thAya ema IcchatI hatI, tethI paristhiti para cAMpatI najara rAkhatI hatI. amadAvAdano IjAro gAyakavADa pAse cAlu rahe ema e IcchatI hatI, kAraNa. ke muMbaI sattAnA pradezanI sadahado ghaNI jagyAe amadAvAda pradeza sAthe bhegI thatI hatI. je pezavA vaDodarA sAthe navA svarUpanA rAjakIya saMbaMdha bAMdhe che. enA prayAsane avarodhavAnA hatA. A kAraNe muMbaI sattA pazavA-gAyakavADanI bAbatamAM bhAre rasa dharAvatI hatI. vaDodarAmAM jUthabaMdhI A samaye vaDodarAmAM be jUtha hatAM : eka jUtha briTiza sAthenA joDANamAM mAnatuM, to bIjuM jUtha amuka zarate pUrI thAya te pezavA vaDedarA rAjya para pitAnI sarvopari sattA sthApavAno prayAsa kare che emAM madada karavA Atura hatuM. e gaMgAdhara zAstrInI puNenI pravRttiothI mAhitagAra rahetuM. phebruArI 1814mAM puNenA resiDenTa eliphansane goviMdarAva baMdhujI gAyakavADa, je puNemAM rahI pezavA sAthe kAvatarA ghaDI rahyo hato, tene vaDodarA, pAchA bolAvI levA mAgaNI karI. e samaye ja gaMgAdhara zAstrIe puNenI resiDenTanI kacerInA mukhya kArakuna karaseTajI zeTha modI para AkSepa karyo ke e potAnA mATe amadAvAdane IjAro levAnI peravI karI rahyo che tethI ene haidA parathI utArI mUkavo joIe. hakIkatamAM e IjAro viThThala nArasiMga u yaMbakajI DuMgaLane ApavAmAM AvanAra hato. gaMgAdhara zAstrIe e paNa sUcavyuM hatuM ke meMdI ane caMbakajI phattesiMharAva ane aMgreja sattA viruddha pezavA para dabANa lAvI pitAne satata herAna-parezAna rahevuM paDe ane bhayabhIta rahevuM paDe evI peravI karI rahyA che. bIjI bAju vaDodarAmAM rANI takhatAbAI ane khaTapaTI sItArAma have ekatra thayAM hatAM. sItArAma prajApakSa athavA aMgreja-virodhI pakSanA netA banyo hato. ene sattA-bhraSTa karavAmAM bhAga lenAra badhA pratye vera levAnI ane agAunuM sthAna prApta karavAnI enI IcchA hatI. e vaDodarA ane puNenAM asaMtuSTa to vacce saMkalana karI lAbha meLavavA mAgatA hatA. puNemAM enA taraphI pakSakAra tarIke goviMdarAva baMdhujI gAyakavADa ane sadgata mahArAjA goviMdarAvano anaurasa putra bhagavaMtarAva paNa hato. rANI gahenAbAI. bhagavaMtarAvane nANAM pUrAM pADatI hatI. sItArAme puNe ane muMbaInI kacerIomAM

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [151 pitAnAM khAsa mANasa rAkhyAM hatAM. muMbaI sattAnI vahIvaTI kAunsilanA gupta hetuo ane TharAvonI ene mAhitI maLatI rahe evI vyavasthA goThavI hatI. gaMgAdhara zAstrIne briTiza resiDenTanA TekAthI je rIte abhyadaya thaye hato te AnaMdarAva ane geviMdarAvanA jUnA nekarAne gamatuM na hatuM. teo zAstrIne vacce AvI paDanAra anicchanIya vyakti tarIke oLakhatA. je zAstrIne puNenA ene soMpavAmAM AvelA kAryamAM saphaLatA maLe te e kAyama mATe mukhya maMtrI banI rahe ane je ene niSphaLatA maLe te ene vaDodarA pAchA bolAvavAmAM Ave evI sthiti hatI. vATAghATo mATe zAstrIe pezavA samakSa keTalIka darakhAsto mUkI (sapTembara 1814) te nANAMkIya bAbato saMbaMdhe hatI. pezavA pitAnA hakkadAvA mATe 50 lAkhano svIkAra karaze ane varSe 8 lAkhanA hisAbe pAMca varSa mATe IjArAnI mudata laMbAvI Apaze evI apekSA rAkhI hatI, paraMtu pezavAe e darakhAstone svIkAra karyo nahi ane amadAvAdano havAle yaMbakajI gaLene Apo (okaTobara 23, 1814). bIjI bAjue vaDodarAmAM pharasiMharAve amadAvAdanA IjArA saMbaMdhamAM vireAdhI bhAga bhajavanAra tarIke sItArAmane kedamAM nAkhyo, jethI e have pachI vadhu bhAga bhajavI na zake. 3 pezavAe resiDenTa eliphansTananI mulAkAta laI, gAyakavADanA rAjya mATe dIvAna nImavAne pitAne hakaka che evuM jaNAvI sItArAmanA guNonI bhAre prazaMsA karI, enI tarapheNa karI ane gaMgAdhara zAstrI mATe tiraskRta valaNa batAvyuM. potAne vaDodarAnA AMtarika mAmalAmAM tapAsa karavAno hakaka che vagere muddA paNa darzAvyA. eTiphasTane pezavAnI AvI rajuAta pratye sakhta nApasaMdagI vyakta karI ane pezavAne mAtra kAyadesara rIte gAdIe besanAra gAyakavADane athavA uttarAdhikArIne maMjUrI ApavAne ja haka che ema spaSTapaNe kahyuM. 1815 mAM zivA ane gaMgAdhara zAstrI vacce carcAo thaI. zAstrIe vaDodarAnA resiDenTanI saMmatithI pezavA sAthe vadhu vATAghATo calAvI, paraMtu pezavAe rAjakIya hakkadAvAnuM nirAkaraNa karavA mATe Agraha rAkhyo ane jema bane tema vATAghATe vadhu laMbAya evI nIti apanAvI. gaMgAdhara zAstrIne mAtra nANAkIya hakkadAvA mATe vATAghATo karavAno adhikAra hato ane e ja enuM mukhya kArya hatuM, jyAre pezavAe e bAbatane gauNa bhAnI gAyakavADa parane potAne sarvopari adhikAra che e hakka svIkArAvavAnuM

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152 ]. marAThA kAla [pra. valaNa apanAvyuM. bIjI bAju zAstrIne sarvopari adhikAra bAbata kaI vAtacIta karavAno adhikAra na hatA. Ama baMne vacce koI samAna bhUmikA na hatI. 37 eNe gaMgAdhara zAstrIne potAnA maMtrI banavAnuM pralebhana ApyuM, paraMtu zAstrIe eliphansTananI salAhathI e pada svIkAryuM nahi. zAstrI Ama pahelAM aMgreja sattAne vaphAdAra ane bhAna dharAvate kara hato. enI vaphAdArI A vakhate paNa cAlu hatI tethI e aMgreja sattAnA adhikArIonI salAha pramANe vartate. zivAe zAstrIne potAnA maMtrI banAvavAnA pralobhana sAthe sAthe zAstrInA putranuM lagna pezavAnI sALI sAthe thAya evI paNa IcchA vyakta karI. pezavAe joyuM ke gaMgAdhara zAstrI avarodhaka ane anicchanIya vyakti banI rahI che, tethI chevaTe eNe enI hatyAnuM kAvataruM yojavA bAbatamAM pratsAhana ApyuM, jene mukhya sUtradhAra cuMbakajI DegaLe hato. A kAvatarAnA phalasvarUpe gaMgAdhara zAstrInI hatyA paMDharapuramAM viThebAnA maMdirathI pAchA pharatAM rastAmAM karavAmAM AvI (julAI 20, 1815). AvI karapINa hatyAthI vAtAvaraNa bhAre taMga banyuM. hatyA pachI bApu marALa ane zAstrInuM kuTuMba bhAre muzkelIthI tyAMthI nAsI chUTayAM. A hatyA karAvavAthI pezavA yaMbakajI ane vaDedarAmAM agreja virodhI jUthane bhAre saphaLatA maLI dekhAI, paraMtu zAstrInI hatyA bAda paristhiti vaNasI jAya e aMgreja sattAvALAone game ema na hatuM. pezavA bAjIrAva kAvatarAmAM saMDovAyela che ane hatyA karavAnuM kAma enA sAthI yaMbakajI DuMgaLee ane enA sAgarIte e karyuM che ema jANavA chatAM agreja sattAe pezavA sAthe atyaMta khAmozI rAkhI kAma lIdhuM.39 yaMbakajI ane enA anya sAgarItane seMpI devA pezavA bAjIrAvane kahevAmAM AvyuM. bAjIrAva anya marAThA saradAre ke rAjAone sahakAra maLe te aMgrejone joradAra phaTako mAravo ke emane zaraNe thaI javuM e bAbatane nirNaya levA mAgato hoI eNe bane teTale vilaMba karyo, paNa badhI paristhitino tAga meLavI chevaTe resiDenTa eliphansTananI salAha svIkArI ane yaMbakajI, jene pote satArAmAM kedI tarIke rAkhyo hato, tene siDenTanA havAle karyo. cuMbakane thANAnA gaDhamAM rAkhavAmAM Avyo. bhagavaMtarAva ane goviMdarAvane kabaje pharasiMharAvane soMpavAmAM Avyo (navembara 1816). aMgreja sattA A samaye yuddha thAya ema icchatI na hatI. enI saMmati ane salAmatInI bAMhedharI chatAM gaMgAdhara zAstrInI hatyA thavAthI vaDodarAmAM vAtAvaraNa bhAre uzkerATabhaya banyuM hatuM. rasiMharAva bhAre roSa sAthe gamagIna hato.

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 15 sItArAmanI khaTapaTane aMta vaDodarAmAM sItArAmanuM je ja aMgreja sattA viruddha hatuM te zAstrInI hatyA thavAthI AnaMdita thayeluM hatuM ane zivAnI daramyAnagIrIthI sItArAma (jene keda rAkhavAmAM Avyo hato te)ne pharIthI dIvAna nImavAmAM Avaze evI AzA rAkhI rahyuM hatuM. vaLI nabaLA mananA mahArAjA AnaMdarAve paNa goviMdarAvane AvuM kAma thAya e jovA mATe eka patra lakhyo hato ane goviMdarAve karelA kAryanI prazaMsA karI hatI. A rIte sItArAmane AnaMdarAvano Teko maLI rahyo. e uparAMta ene gahenAbAI ane haMmeza khaTapaTamAM rAcatI takhatAbAIno paNa Teko hato. zAstrIe takhatAbAIne kedamAM nakhAvI hatI tethI e paNa vera levAyAno saMtoSa mAnI zAstrInI khullI niMdA karatI hatI. vaDodarAmAM tophAno thAya to sItArAmanA jUthe sItArAmanA vaphAdAra sevaka bApu raghunAthane dhArathI cAra hajAranA larakara sAthe sarahada oLaMgI vaDodarA kuca karavA kahevaDAvyuM hatuM. amadAvAdamAM pezavAno sUbe paNa lazkarI jamAvaTa karI rahyo hato ane vaDodarAnA asaMtuSTa jUtha sAthe masalato calAvI rahyo hato. jATa ane anya moTI TukaDIo dholerA para trATakavAnI taiyArImAM hatI, paNa sItArAmanI tarapheNamAM je baMDa thavAnuM hatuM te aparivakava puravAra thayuM. phatesiMharAva tatkAla pUratuM rANI gahenAbAInA prabhAvamAM Avyo, resiDenTa sItArAmano kabajo potAne soMpI devA mAgaNI karI, paNa phattesiMharAva e maMjUra rAkhI zakyo nahi. sItArAmane pahelAM surata ane pachI muMbaI laI javAno hato. tAjetaranA banAvonI tapAsa pUrI thatAM sItArAmanA raheThANane kedakhAnAmAM pheravI nAkhavAmAM AvyuM (sapTembara 20, 1815) ne tyAM aMgreja ekiyAte mUkavAmAM AvyA, paraMtu chevaTe sItArAmane muMbaI laI javAno hukama karAyo ( eprila 1816). -gAyakvADanuM aMgreja-virodhI valaNa A pachI pharasiMharAvanuM valaNa aMgreja sarakAra pratye hakIluM banyuM. pote svataMtra thavAnI IcchA rAkhato hato. resiDenTa zAstrIne anugAmInI nimaNuka karavA mATe ene vivaza banAvyo hato. resiDenTa evI vyaktine nImavA mAgato hato ke je enI ane gAyakavADanA darabAranI vacce kaDI samAna banI rahe. AthI dhAkajI dAdAjInI nimaNUka madhyastha tarIke mAsika 3. 250 nA pagArathI karavAmAM AvI (phebruArI 20, 1816). rAjyapAlaka pharosiMharAve zarUAtathI ja dhAkajIne aMgreja-taraphI bIje zAstrI mAnI lIdho. e pitAnAM kAyadesaranAM svAtaMtrya ane sukha mATe avarodhaka banI raheze ema

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154 ] marAThA kAla [ prapaNa mAnatA ho, AthI eNe dhAkajIne enI agAu banelA banAvathI. ajANa rAkhyo ane dareka bAbatamAM zAhukAra becara mANekadAsanI salAha levAnuM rAkhyuM. A sthiti resiDenTa becarane salAhakAra tarIke karavAnI vinaMtI karI tyAM sudhI rahI. pharasiMharAvanuM valaNa have baMne pakSe sAthe jhaghaDAkhora banyuM. resiDenTa sAthe ghaNI bAbatomAM matabheda vadhatA gayA ane ekabIjA pratye asahiSNutAnuM vAtAvaraNa sarjAyuM. resiDenTa te pharasiMharAva vaDodarA rAjyanI hita-virodhI pravRtti karavA lAMca le che e paNa AkSepa karyo hate (oNgasTa 15, 1816), paraMtu muMbaInI sattA vaDodarA rAjyanI AMtarika bAbatamAM ane vahIvaTamAM UMDI daramyAnagIrI karavAmAMthI dUra rahevA mAgatI hatI. dIvAnanI nimaNUkanI bAbatamAM chevaTe eNe aMgreja sattAnI bAMhedharI thI zAstrIne me putra bhImazaMkara, je kizora vayano hato, tene vaDodarAnA dIvAna tarIke nImyo. (Disembara 9, 1816), ne dIvAnanI pharajo yazavaMtarAva dAdAe saMbhALI.. okhAmaMDaLamAM bakheThA 1809mAM vaDodarA sattAe okhAmaMDaLanA vAghera mukhIo mATe potAnI jAmInagIrI ApI hatI chatAM emaNe 1810 mAM lUMTaphATanI pravRttio zarU karI. e samaye resiDenTa tarIke karnala vakaranI jagyAe kepTana karnAka Avyo hata teNe "vaDedarA-savAradaLa" nAme oLakhAtI TukaDI dvArakA mokalI ane paristhiti kAbUmAM lIdhI. 1813mAM amarelInA AsisTanTa resiDenTa kepTana belenTAIne vAgherone karnala vokare nAMkhe daMDa bharavAnI tAkIda karI, paraMtu e bIjA varSa sudhImAM mAtra eka tRtIyAMza jeTale daMDa mahAmuzkelI e ugharAvI zakyo hate. AvI sakhatAI chatAM vAgheree emanI mULa pravRttio cAlu rAkhI hatI, AthI muMbaI sattAe emane namAvIne zaraNe lAvavA makkama nirdhAra karyo. 1816mAM karnala IsTanane mokalavAmAM Avyo teNe e kAma pUruM karyuM. dvArakA ane beTa DhApu hiMduonAM pavitra dhArmika sthaLa hatAM tethI saMpUrNa sarvopari sattA sAthe e sthaLe gAyakavADane soMpI devA vicAryuM ane e mATe pUraka karAra karavAmAM Avyo (navembara 1817). 1818 mAM patarAmala, mANekanI AgevAnI nIce vAgheroe DAM ramakhANa karyA hatAM, paNa e savara dAbI devAyAM.* puNe-karAra vasAInA karArane paMdara varSa thaI gayAM hatAM ane vATAghATe cAlu thayAne pAMca varSa thayAM hatAM chatAM paNa pezavAne saMtoSa thato na hato ane gAyakavADa

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 155. phattesiMharAva macaka ApavA mAgato na hato. chevaTe kaMpanI sattA vatI eTiphansane ane zivA vatI more dIkSite tathA bAlAjI lamaNe puNe khAte "puNe-karAra" nAmathI oLakhAtA karAra karyo (jUna 13, 1817). e karAranI kalama pramANe pezavAe gAyakavADa paranA pitAnA bhUtakALanA hakkadAvA 4 lAkha rUpiyA svIkArI cheDI dIdhA ane kalama 7 pramANe pezavAe pitAnI saurASTranI khaMDaNI aMgreja sattAne soMpI. kalama 15 pramANe amadAvAdane IjAro vArSika savAcAra lAkha rUpiyAnA badalAmAM gAyakavADane ane enA uttarAdhikArIone Apo. prastuta karAra pramANe jabura Amoda desarA DabhoI ane bahAdarapura aMgreja sattAne apAyAM pAchaLathI sAvalI paNa apAyuM. Ama "puNe-karAra 'nuM mahattva joIe to gujarAtamAM pezavAnA amadAvAda ane olapADa paranA hakaka sivAyanA temaja gAyakavADa pAse vArSika leNI paDatI rakama sivAyanA badhA ja hakko ane pradeza paranA adhikAra nAbUda karavAmAM AvyA hatA. pezavAe gAyakavADa paranA bhaviSyane pitAne adhIna sattA tarIkene adhikAra jAte karyo hato. gAyakavADa have pezavAthI alaga banI svataMtra rAjA banyo hate, khaMDaNI lazkarI-sevA ane "najarANuM " ApavAmAMthI mukta banyo hato.41 pUraka karAra amadAvAdane IjA gAyakavADane ApavA bAbatanI sanada taiyAra karavAmAM AvI (jana ra5 1817) ane ene amala eka mahinAmAM karavAmAM Avyo. e ja divase muMbaInI aMgreja sattAne lAgyuM ke have gAyakavADanI sthiti sudharI che ane ene gujarAtamAM pradezonI dRSTie meTo hisso maLyo che tethI ene have vadhu sahAyaka daLa" rAkhavA ane nibhAvavA kahevuM joIe. kaccha ane vAghera sAme aMgrejoe bAra lAkha jeTalI rakama khacI hatI. muMbaInA gavarnara kalakattAnA gavarnara-janaralane ghaNuM sacane ane dalIlo sAthe lakhyuM hatuM. enuM svarUpa AvuM hatuM : gujarAta ane saurASTramAM AkramaNa sAme ane AMtarika garabaDa ke tephAna-utpAta sAme rakSaNanI samagra javAbadArI aMgreja sattAe lIdhelI che, AthI vadhArAnuM sahAyaka daLa ke jemAM be savAra TukaDI ( rejimenTa) ane 1,000 nA dezI pAyadaLano samAveza thAya te gAyakavADa rAkhe ane e sAme e saurASTranI khaMDaNI aMgreja sattAne soMpI de. je gAyakavADane gya lAge to pitAnA lazkaramAM eTale pramANasara ghaTADe karI zake che. vadhArAnI sahAyaka daLanI

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-156 ] sarAThA kAla [31. madada uparAMta pardezA sAthenA yuddhanA prasa Mgoe gAyakavADa a Mgreja sattAne madada kare evuM baMdhana mUkavAmAM Ave ane videzIo sAthenA yuddhamAM je lAbhA thAya temAMthI gAyakavADane paNa badalA ApavAmAM Ave. pezavA have gujarAtamAMthI vidAya thai gayA hatA tethI gAyakavADa sAthe evA vepArI karAra thAya ke jemAM vaDAdarAmAM je binajarUrI verA hatA te paNa nAbUda thaI zake. muMbaInI aMgreja sattAe chevaTe e paNa vicAyu ke pezavAe DabhAI sAvalI ane bahAdarapuranA badalAmAM gAyakavADane padethI Apela viramagAma ane paMcamahAla paNa laI levAM. AvA muddAone AdhAre pUraka kAra karavAmAM AvyA ( navembara 6, 1817 ). rohisaMharAve sahAyaka daLa vadhAravA ane enA nibhAva-khaca nI cukavaNI mATe pradezA ApavA saMmati ApI, paNa saurASTra paranA potAnA hakka jatA karavAnI taiyArI na batAvI. ene tAjetaramAM maLela amadAvAdanA ijArA je aMgreja sarakAra evuM bhADu Ape teA ' jAyadAda ' tarIke enA badhA hakko sAthe ApavA taiyArI batAvI, AmAM bhADAnI cokhkhI rakama rU. 12,61,939 thavA jatI hatI. emAM aDadhA bhAganuM amadAvAda zahera, pezavAnA dasakroI viramagAma prAMtIja ane harasAlamAM rahelA hissAne tema pacamahAlane samAveza thaI jatA hatA. samajUtI pramANe amuka bhAganuM amadAvAda tema DabhAI ane bahAdarapuranI soMpaNI karavAmAM AvI ( navembara 30 thI Disembara 1, 1817) ane pezavAe amadAvAda parate kabajo chevaTe eDI dIdhA ( julAI 5, 1818 ), paraMtu AmAM amadAvAda meLavavAnA prazna agreja sattAe ane gAyakavADanI sarakAre pratiSThAnA banAvyA hatA. ' chevaTe je samAdhAna thayuM temAM gAyakavADe dasakrAI tathA amadAvAda zaheramAMnI 'havelI ' rAkhyAM ane mahIkAMThAnI khaMDaNI kAyama mATe meLavI ane amadAvAda para potAnA hissA ( je rUA. 1,65,313 nA thatA hatA te ) aMgrejone ApyA. vaLI A samaye pezavAe paNa gAyakavADane eka sanada meAkalI khabara ApI ke 'ame amArI amadAvAdamAMnI sarvopari sattA aMgreja sattAne ApI dIdhI che.' Ama amadAvAda meLavIne uttara gujarAtamAM potAnA pradezAne saMgaThita karavAnuM kArya saraLa banI rahetAM muMbaInI aMgreja sattAne ghaNI khuzAlI thaI hatI. uparyukta karAranI kalama 7 pramANe okhAmaMDaLaneA prAMta tathA kheTa TApu mAyakavADane maphata akSisa tarIke ApavAmAM AvyAM. zarata e mUkavAmAM AvI

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5 muM ] perAvAI sattAnI paDatI ke beTa TApu para aMgrejo potAno mAla-jaththo anAmata rAkhavA mATe eka makAna rAkhaze ane aMgrejonAM jahAja vaDedarAne adhIna hoya tevAM baMdaroe harakata vinA AvajA karI zakaze. evI ja rIte vaDodarAnAM jahAja paNa briTiza aMkuza nIcenAM baMdaroe mukta avarajavara karI zakaze. cAMciyAgIrIne paNa DAmI devAnI hatI. eka bIjI kalama anusAra kaMpanI sarakAre paNa bhaviSyamAM pradezanI Apale nahi karavAmAM Ave evI kabUlAta ApI. A karAra pachI DAM ja aThavADiyAmAM kepTana kanakane pradezanI navI pherabadalI karavA mATe kahevAmAM AvyuM. gAyakavADe pahelAM dasakroI ApyuM ane e pachI e jillAnAM "inAma" ane "damalA" gAmaDAM ApyAM ane chevaTe amadAvAdanI havelI' ApI. A pheraphArane muMbaInI sattAe chevaTe bahAlI ApI (navembara 1818). enA badalAmAM gAyakavADane peTalAdamAMnI jamIno maLI ane surata aThThAvIsI ane keTalAMka gAmanI bAkI paDatI "megalAI" verAnI rakama mApha karavAmAM AvI. chevaTe pezavAno peTalAda nagara parano hiraso umareThanA badalAmAM gAyakavADane ApavAmAM AvyuM. A sAthe ja gAyakavADane siddhapura, maphata bheTa tarIke ApavAmAM AvyuM. 1818 mAM aMgrejo ane pezavA vacce je ghaNAM yuddha thayAM temAM vaDe-- darAnA rAjyapAlaka pharasiMharAve aMgrejonA vaphAdAra mitra tarIke kAmagIrI karI.. pharasiMharAve sahAyaka daLa uparAMta potAnI TukaDIo paNa sevAmAM hAjara rAkhI. aMte aMgrejone saphaLatA maLI hatI. phatesiMharAve ApelI madada badala ene koI no pradeza maLe nahi, paraMtu je pezavAnI sattAne aMta na Avyo heta to ene cAra lAkha rUpiyAnI khaMDaNa bharavI paDI hata. pharasiMharAvanuM 26 varSanI vaye avasAna thayuM (oNgasTa 23, 1818) eNe aMgreja sattA pratye vaphAdArI rAkhI bhAga bhajavyo tethI enA pratye aMgreja sattAe bhAre Adara batAvI aMjali ApI. pharasiMharAvanA avasAna bAda AnaMdarAvanI gAdIne hakkadAra phattesiMharAvano 19 varSano nAno bhAI sayAjIrAva hato. pAdaTIpa ?. G. H. Desai & A. B. Clarke, Gazetteer of the Baroda State (GBS), Vol. I, p. 466 2. Sardesai, New History of the Marathas, Vol. II, p. 547 3. Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency (GBP), Vol. I, pt. I, p. 400 8. R. C. Majumdar (Ed.), The Maratha Supremacy, p. 285

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440 ] marAThA kac [ 31. 4. GBS, Vol. I, p. 471 5. J. Grant Duff, History of the Mahrattas, Vol. II, pp. 34-42 4. Aitchison, Treaties, Engagements etc., Vol. IV, No. LXXVI 6. GBS, Vol. I, p. 475 t. 32, sitHETT511 HULSTE 11179715 (PHT) gie ara, H. 8, 9. 38 70. Aitchison, op. cit., Vol. V, No. VI -91. GBS, Vol. I, p. 471 12. rorrest, Maratha Series, p. 394: Baroda Precies, 1853, para 19; Sardesai, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 102 -PB. Sardesai, Historical Papers Relating to Mahadji Sindiria, pp. 72-75 98. Baroda Precies, 1853, paras 23-24 44. Aitchison, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 51 15. GBS, Vol. I, p. 480 20. Majumdar, op. cit., p. 287 18. 1793 mAM thayelA karArane 1794 mAM karavAmAM AvelA bIja karArathI rada karavAmAM 341041. Go GBS, Vol, I, pp. 481 f.; F. A. H. Elliot, The Rulers of Baroda, p. 57. 16. Poona Residency Correspondence (PRC), Vol. II, p. 314 20. 372, 3967a, E. PE 21. H814114 quazle, 24HELYEN ulasia', 4. 83-88 22. PRC, Vol. XII, p. 277 23. a, 'Thaaliho SANTE", . 83, 8. 883839 28. Elliot, op. cit., pp. 63 f. 24. A. K. Forbes, Rasmala, pp. 378-382 25. Grant Duff, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 320-27 29. Aitchison, op. cit., Vol. VI, No. 78 26. Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 210 2. Wallace, History of the Gaekwads, p. 198 30. Aitchison, op.cit., No. 8 39. Ibid. No. 82 38. Bombay Government Selections XXIX, p. 121; GBS, Vol. I, p. 674 33. GBP, Vol. I, pt. I, p 423 38. $1841913 24deg21'46 ', u. Ree 34. GBS, Vol. I, pp, 506 f. 35. Ibil.. p. 515 34. PRC, Vol. XI, pp. 369-372 34. Wallace, op.cit., p. 198 34. GBS, Vol. I, p. 518 8o. '3118241913 2142248', Y.Bc6 X?. GBS, Vol. I, p. 552

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pariziSTa 2 gujarAtamAM aMgrejonuM jAmatuM prabhutva gujarAtamAM jahAMgIranI paravAnagIthI suratamAM aMgrejoe vepArI koThI sthApI e pachI teo dhIme dhIme potAno pagadaMDe ahIM sthira karavA pravRtta rahyA. teoe surata uparAMta bharUca khaMbhAta ane amadAvAdamAM paNa potAnI kAThIo sthApI dIdhI. zivAjInI suratanI lUTe pachI ane mughalenA nirbaLa sUbedAronA samayamAM marAThA saradAranuM gujarAtamAM prabhutva jAmatuM jatAM aMgrejoe anya prAMtanI jema potAnAM Arthika hitonI salAmatI mATe gujarAtamAM paNa rAjakIya sattA hAMsala karavAnA prayatna Adaryo. emaNe sarva prathama surata kabaje karavA nakkI karyuM. AgaLa jaNAvyuM che tema suratanuM Arthika temaja dariyAI tAkAta mATe vyuhAtmaka mahattva hovAthI e naukA-mathaka meLavavA mATe marAThA, jaMjIrAnA sIdIo ane aMgrejo prayatnazIla hatA. sIdIonI sahAyathI e vakhate miyAM saiyada accana suratano navAba ba e vakhate sIdIoe aMgreja keDI paNa lUMTI. pariNAme aMgrejoe muMbaIthI lazkarI sahAya magAvI, marAThAo sAthe saMdhi karI emane sAthamAM lIdhA (4 thI mArca, 1759) ne killA para AkramaNa karI killedAra habazI ahamadane hAMkI kADhI killo sara karI lIdho. mi. spensarane suratano vahIvaTadAra temaja mi. glAsane killedAra banAvavAmAM AvyA. pAchaLathI Disembara, 1, 1759 nA roja mughala bAdazAhe eka pharamAna bahAra pADI aMgrejone suratanA killA parano adhikAra mAnya rAkhyo. suratane kile sara thayA pachI be varSa 1761mAM pANIpatanA medAnamAM marAThAonI hAra thatAM teonI rAjakIya pratibhA jhAMkhI paDI. AvI sthitino lAbha aMgrejoe uThAvyuM. emaNe marAThAonA AMtara-saMgharSamAM ekanA pakSakAra banI emanI pAsethI pradeza paDAvavAnI nIti akhatyAra karI. pANIpatanI laDAImAM marAThAone maLelA apayazathI protsAhita thayelA nijhAme pezavA mAdhavarAvanA pradeza pacAvI pADavAnI peravI karavA mAMDI tyAre pezavA vatI enA kAkA raghunAtharA(rAbAe) aMgrejo pAsethI topadaLa meLavavAnA badalAmAM gujarAtamAMthI jaMbusaranuM phaLadrupa paragaNuM ApavAnI dara

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160 ] marAThA kAla [y. khAsta karI, paNa aMgrejoe muMbaI bArAnA marAThA TApuo mATe Agraha rAkhyo, pariNAme e vATAghATo paDI bhAMgI. A pachInAM dasa varSomAM agrejo takanI rAha joI rahyA. a grejoe bharUcanA navAbane padabhraSTa karI I. sa. 1778 mAM tyAMne kirlo sara karyo (18 mI navembaranA roja ). teo surata ane bharUca baMne zaheranI UpajamAM potAne hisso dharAvatA hatA. aMgrejoe bharUca letAM pharasiMharAva gAyakavADa ane aMgrejo vacce jhaghaDo thayo. phatesiMharAve bharUca badala cha lAkha rUpiyA tathA suratanA potAnA phALAnA 60,000 rUpiyA dara vaSe ApavAnI mAgaNI karI, paraMtu aMgrejoe e mAnya na rAkhI ane 12 mI jAnyuArI 1773 ne divase eka karAranAmuM karyuM. A karAranAmA pramANe, emaNe bharUca upara gAyakavADane 2 bhAga kabUla rAkhyo. A bhAganI rakama elphinsTananA mate cha lAkhanI ane kepTana kanakanA mate nava lAkhanI thatI. hatI.3 - pezavA mAdhavarAvanA avasAne sattA para AvelA nArAyaNarAvanuM khUna enA mahattvAkAMkSI kAkA raghunAtharAve karAvyuM, paNa "bAra bhAIo e pezavApade ene amAnya karI savAI mAdhavarAvane sthApyo, AthI raghunAtharAva puNethI bhAgI vaDedarA tarapha nIkaLI gayo ne eNe goviMdarAvane temaja kaDInA khaMDe. rAva gAyakavADane sAthe rAkhI vaDodarAne gherI lIdhuM. pharasiMharAve aMgrejone badale have pezavAnI sahAya mAgI. bIjI bAju, raghunAtharAva ane geviMdarAve aMgrejonI madada mAMgI. aMgrejoe A takane lAbha uThAvyo. muMbaInI aMgrejI sattAe surata mukAme radhunAtharAva sAthe karAra karyA (6 mArca, 1775). madadanA badalAmAM aMgrejone vasaI sAlaseTa ane suratanI AsapAsano pradeza ApavA raghunAtharAve kabUlyuM tema bharUcanI UpajamAM gAyakavADane hisso mukAvI devAnuM paNa mAthe lIdhuM ke A bAbatamAM muMbaInI aMgreja sattA ane kalakattAnA gavarnara-janarala vacce matabheda UbhA thayA. chevaTe raghunAtharAvane sahAya karavA karnala kITiMgane TukaDI sAthe mekalavAmAM AvyuM, je khaMbhAta pAse raghunAtharAvane jaI maLe (eprila, 19, 1775 ). baMnenAM saMyukta sainyae kheDA ane naDiyAda jItI lIdhAM (ma, ), paNa e pachI aDAsanA medAnamAM pezavAnI senAne hAthe emanI saMyukta senAne parAjaya thatAM (me, 18) teo bharUca tarapha ravAnA thaI gayA. pezavAnuM lazkara gujarAtamAMthI vidAya thatAM ane vaDodarA gherAI jatAM vipattimAM AvelA pharasiMharAve karnala kaTiMga ane radhunAtharAva sAthe

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- Y] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 161 suleha karI ( julAI, 8 ). A sulehathI aMgrejone bhaca cIkhalI variyAva ane kAralanAM paragaNAM ApavAnu hosiMharAve kabUlyuM, ke paNa kalakattAnA gavarnara-janarala vaoNrana iMsTiMgse muMbaInI sattAe adhikAra vagara calAvelI A anyAyI laDAInA satvare aMta ANI vigraha daramyAna maLela tamAma pradeza pAchA ApI devAtA muMbaInI aMgreja sattAne Adeza ApyA, bharUcanI UpajamAMne potAnA bhAga phatesiMharAva punaH prApta karI zakayo nahi, kAraNa ke pura dharanI saMdhinA karAra( mArca 1,1776 ) pramANe IsTa inDiyA kaM panIe bharUca ane enAM paragaNAMnI UpajamAM marAThAone sadhaLA bhAga temaja enI AsapAsane traNa lAkhanI kiMmataneA pradeza pote rAkhyA hatA ane A bhAga emanA tAbAmAM Ave nahi tyAMsudhI cIkhalI ane kArala paragaNAMne tathA variyAva zaherane kabajo pote anAmata tarIke rAkhyA hatA. pezavAI sattAnI nAbUdI a Mgrejo ane marAThAe vacce cAlelA saMdha mAM taLegAMva pAse a grejonI hAra thatAM agrejoe marAThAonI sattAnA nAza karavA dRDha nirdhAra karyAM. gavana rajanarala vaoNrana hasTiMgsanI sUcanA mujaba aMgreja senApati gADA gujarAtamAM AdhyeA. e phebruArI 1779 nA aMtamAM surata paheAMcyA. raghunAyarAva potAnA lazkara sAthe geADADa ne jaI maLyuM. daramyAna IsTa InDiyA ka MpanInA presiDenTe enI sAthe sa Mdhi karI te mujaba savAI mAdhavarAvane kAyadesaranA pezavA tarIke ane marAThA sarakAranA uparI tarIke svIkAravAmAM AvyA. e bALa pezavA vatI raghunAtharAve enA vAlI tarIke kArabhAra saMbhALavA ane bALaka pezavAne aMgreja sipAIonA rakSaNa nIce rAkhavAmAM Ave ema yu. khIjI bAju aMgreja potAnI vistAravAdI nIti ajamAvatA rahyA. kanala gADADe tApI nadI UtarIne I. sa. 1780 nA AraMbhamAM pezavA pAsethI DabhAI lIdhuM. pezavAnA pakSane vaLagI rahevAneA nAnA phaDanavIse phosiMharAvane Agraha karyo, paNa aMgreja sainyanA sAmIpTane lIdhe ene a Mgrejo sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhavA yAgya lAgyA ane tethI 26 mI jAnyuArI 1980 nA rAja eNe varakSAthe sahAya meLavavAnI tathA a Mgrejone sahAya ApavAnI zarate-vALI suleha upara kaeN DIla (bhAI) AgaLa sahI karI. A saMdhinI i-7-11

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kara ]. - marAThA kAla [pra. kalame A pramANe hatI : (1) pharasiMharAva pezavAne kaI paNa khaMDaNI ApavI nahi. ( AvI rIte e pezavAthI bilakula svataMtra thaI gayo). (2) aMgrejone 300 ghoDesavAronI athavA khapa paDe vadhAre madada ApavI. (3) IsTa inDiyA kaMpanI sAthe gujarAta vaheMcI levuM. (4) je divase pezavAnA hAthamAMthI amadAvAda aMgrejo jItI laIne ene Ape te ja divase gAyakavADa badalAmAM aMgrejone zinora tathA surata aThThAvIsImAM amuka bhAga Ape. A karAra thatAM ja gaDADe amadAvAda upara humalo karyo ane 15 mI phebruArI 178 ne rAja e tAbe karyuM tathA e pharasiMharAvane sepI surata aThThAvIsImAMnA senagaDha sivAyanA bhAgane enI pAsethI kabajo laI lIdhe. aMgrejoe marAThAonA gujarAta sahitanA marAThI hakUmatanA pradezamAMthI keTaloka bhAga paDAvI lIdho hato; puNenA marAThI saradAroe A pradeza pAche meLavavA prayatna karyo. ghaNI vATAghATo ane patravyavahAra bAda 17 mI me 1882nA reja sAlabAI mukAme eka saMdhi thaI. A saMdhithI gAyakavADanA tAbe laDAI pahelAM je mulaka hatA te enI pAse jemane tema rakhAyA, paNa puraMdharanA tahanAmA anusAra ApI dIdhelo bhAga aMgrejone pAcho maLyo." sayAjIrAva gAyakavADanA mutAlika pharasiMharAvanA avasAna (Disembara, 1789) pachI cAra varSe enA sthAne AvelA mAnAjIrAvanuM avasAna thayuM tyAre pezavA taraphathI goviMdarAvane mutAlipada prApta thayuM, paNa e mATe pezavAe enI pAsethI sAvalI gAma, tApI nadInI dakSiNano saghaLo pradeza ane surata zaheranI UpajamAM gAyakavADane hisso pitAne ApavA hukama karyo. A vakhate muMbaInI aMgreja sattAe daramyAnagIrI karI sAlabAInI saMdhi anusAra gAyakavADane rAjyamAMthI kaI paNa pradeza laI levA sAme vAMdho uThAvyo, pariNAme gAyakavADane pradeza bacI gayo. A prasaMgathI gAyakavADa upara aMkuza rAkhavA aMgenA hakkane lagatI bAbatamAM pezavA ane aMgrejo vaccenI takarAra vadhI gaI. sayAjIrAvanA avasAne (I.sa. 1792) gAdI para AvelA goviMdarAvanuM I.sa. 1800 mAM 19mI sapTembare avasAna thatAM gAdI para goviMdarAvano putra AnaMdarAva Avyo. pezavAe e pUrve 60 lAkha rUpiyA gAyakavADa pAsethI paDAvyA hevAthI rAjyanI Arthika sthiti kaphoDI banI hatI. evAmAM kaDInA jAgIradAra mahArarAve baMDa karyuM. Arabee paNa rAjadhAnI vaDodarAmAM arAjakatA phelAvavA

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5 muM ] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [ 163 mAMDI. AvI sthitimAM vaDodarA rAjyanA bakheDAone niveDe lAvavAnA puraskAra peTe gAyakavADe aMgrejone corAsI paragaNuM ane suratanI cothane potAno hisso ApavAnI darakhAsta karI. muMbaInA gavarnara DaMkane e svIkArI mejara - vokarane e mATe mokalyo ne vaDodarAnI senAnI sahAyamAM 2,000nuM sainya paNa ravAnA karyuM. kaDIne malhArarAva mejara vekarane zaraNe Avyo (me, 1802) ne eno pradeza khAlasA karI gAyakavADI pradezamAM joDI devAyo. saMkheDA ane - bahAdarapuranA jAgIradAra gaNapatarAva ane merArarAvano pradeza aMgreja lakare chatI lIdhe (7 julAI, 1802) ne khAlasA karyo. 11 daramyAna AnaMdarAva gAyakavADa sAthe karAra karI aMgrejoe cerAsI paragaNuM, suratanI cotha, cIkhalI ane kheDAno rU. 2,58,000 nI UpajavALa pradeza prApta karyA (6, jUna, 1802). vaLI prathama varSanA lazkarI kharcanA rUA. 7,80,000 peTe dhoLakA naDiyAda ane bijApuranAM paragaNAMnI temaja - kaDInA TapAnI Upaja prApta karI (18, jAnyuArI, 1803). I. sa. 1805 nA juna sudhImAM gAyakavADe saghaLI rakama cUkate bharI devI e zarate - aMgrejoe vaDodarA rAjyanA sainikone aradho pagAra paNa cUkavavAnuM mAthe lIdhuM ne e rakama cUkate thAya nahi tyAM sudhI vaDodarA zinora kerala ane amadAvAda paragaNAMonI Upaja aMgrejone ApavAnuM gAyakavADe svIkAryuM.12 muMbaInI aMgreja sattAe rAjyanuM rakSaNa karavAnuM tathA rAjyanuM moTuM devuM patAvavAnuM mAthe lIdhuM tyAre vaDodarAnA ArabonI sthiti kaphoDI banI. aMgrejoe rAjyanI nANAkIya vyavasthA upara kaDaka aMkuza mUkyo, mahArAjA AnaMdarAvane koI kAryamAM bhAga levA devA nahi, kArabhArI maMDaLa athavA kamizana dvArA rAjyanuM saghaLuM kArya calAvavAmAM AvatuM. aMgreja resiDenTa athavA eno dezI pratinidhi na hoya te vakhate kArya karavAmAM AvatuM te gerakAyadesara karAvavAmAM AvatuM. vokara karnAka ane viliyamsa e traNe kuzaLa ane sArA amaladAra hatA. thoDA samaya sudhI te emanA kAryamAM gaMgAdhara zAstrI jevA buddhizALI pratiSThita gRhasthanI sahAyatA paNa maLatI rahI.3 pezavAe aMgrejo sAthenI vasAInI saMdhi vakhate vaDodarAnA rAjyanI A navI vyavasthA kabUla rAkhI. A kabUlAtathI vaDedarA upara pezavAne badale kaMpanI sattAnuM sarvoparIpaNuM sthapAyuM, gAyakavADa aMgrejanA rakSaNamAM AvyA, puNe sAthenA enA vAMdhAono nirNaya karavAnuM aMgrejone zire nAkhavAmAM

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164] . marAThA kula | [ ,. AvyuM. aMgrejoe gAdI enA ja vaMzamAM rahevA devAnuM vacana ApyuM.. gAyakavADe pezavAne ApavAnI rakamanI jAmInagIrI aMgrejoe ApI. gAyakavADe aMgrejone ApelA bhAgamAM zivAnI saMmati lIdhI, jethI pAchaLathI koI paNa prakAranI takarAra rahe nahi.14 vasAInA karAronI 10 mI kalama pramANe pezavAe suratanI ceya uparanau tathA corAsI ane cIkhalI paragaNuo upara pitAno hakka aMgrejone Apo. ane tyAMno gAyakavADane hakka to gAyakavADe agAuthI ja aMgrejone Apela hovAthI A bhAga upara ekalI aMgreja sattA ja have rahI.15 aMgrejo ane siMdhiyA vacce tyAra pachI lAMbe saMgharSa cAlyo. dakSiNamAM AsAI ane Argama AgaLa tathA uttaramAM dilhI-AgrA AgaLa siMdhiyAne sakhta hAra maLI. 29 mI oNgasTe bharUcca ane 17 mI sapTembare pAvAgaDha siMdhiyAnA tAbAmAM hatAM te aMgrejoe jItI lIdhAM. 30 mI Disembara, 1803 nI saMdhi pachI pAvAgaDha siMdhiyAne pAchuM ApavAmAM AvyuM. I.sa. 1805 nI 21 mI eprile a grejoe AnaMdarAva gAyakavADa sAthe nirNAyaka sa dhi (definitive treaty) karI, jenAthI vaDodarA paranI aMgrejonI sarvoparitA spaSTa thaI. A vakhate IsTa InDiyA kaMpanInA 4,38,73ra rUpiyA gAyakavADa pAse leNA nIkaLatA hatA. A rakama pUrepUrI bharAI jAya tyAM sudhIne mATe gAyakavADe keTalAka prAMtanI mahesUlI Upaja emane ApI. sahAyakArI sainya vadhArIne 3,000 pAyadaLa tathA eka yuropiyana tapakhAnAnI TukaDI rAkhavAnuM TharAvyuM ne jyAre kaMpanI sarakAranA vicAra pramANe jarUra jaNAya tyAre eka TukaDI saurASTramAM mokalavAnuM nakkI karyuM. A sainyanA nibhAva arthe prativarSe rUA. 11,70,000 nI Upaja thAya tevo bhAga kaMpanI sarakArane soMpavAnuM paNa TharAvyuM. e uparAMta dhoLakA naDiyAda vijApura mAtara kaDI vagere paragaNAMnI eTalI Upaja ApavAnuM nakkI thayuM. 17 AmAM prathama ApI dIdhelAM corAsI cIkhalI ane kheDA paragaNAM tathA suratanI cothane samAveza thato nahatuM. 1808 nI julAInI 12 mI e upara jaNAvelA pradeza sivAya prativarSe 1,76,168 nI Upaja Ave evI mahesUla paNa gAyakavADe aMgrejone soMpI. 13 mI me, 1817mAM pezavA vatI mere dIkSita ane bAbAjI lakSmaNe elphinsTana sAthe karAra karyo, jemAM bIjI bAbatonI sAthe gAyakavADa uparanA

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nyU su] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI (5 potAnA saghaLA dAvA jatA karIne jUnA tamAma dAvAone badale prativarSa sADA cAra lAkha rUpiyA levA pezavA bAjIrAve kabUlyuM. vaLI A vakhate pezavAe -kaMpanI sattAne saurASTramAMthI pezakaza udharAvavAnA potAnA hakka paNa ApI dIdhA. A karArathI a Mgrejote ja khusara AmeAda desabArA DabhAI bahAdarapura ane sAvalI maLyAM. pradezanI adalAbadalI have phattesiMharAve aMgrejo sAthe UpajanA saMdarbhAmAM pradezAnI adalAbadalI karavA vicAyuM. 6 ThThI navembara, 1817 nA rAja thayela sa MdhinA pariziSTa(arthAt pUraka karAra )mAM jaNAvyuM che tema gAyakavADane amadAvAdanA ijArA sADA cAra lAkha rUpiyAmAM maLelA te phosiMharAve pAte svIkArelI aMgrejonI sahAyakArI sainyanI yAjanAnA kharca peTe aMgrejone ApI dIdhA. vaLI eNe (havelI dasakrAI ane mahIkAMThAnI khaMDaNIe sivAyaneA) amadAvAda jillAmAMne pAtAne rUA. 1,65,313 te bhAga tathA kula rUA. 2,07,198 thaI rahe teTalI UpajanA peTalAda paragaNAnA bhAga aMgrejone ApyA, jenA badalAmAM eTalI ja UpajanAM DabhAI bahAdarapura ane sAvalInAM paragaNAM gAyakavADane maLyAM. 19 mI sapTembare pezavAe gAyakavADane jaNAveluM ke amadAvAda jillAmAMnA amArA sadhaLA hakka ame IsTa inDiyA ka MpanIne ApI dIdhA che, AthI emAMthI prativaSa sADacAra lAkha rUpiyA jeTalI UpajanA pramANamAM aMgrejoe pezavAnA sahAyakArI sainyamAM vadhArA karI ApyA. A pariziSTamAMnI eka kalama pramANe 3,000 sanikonuM saMpUrNa sajja, niyamita paNe pagAra meLavatuM, cokkasa rIte noMdhAyelu ane aMgreja resiDenTanA kAbU nIcetu eka sainya rAkhavA gAyakavADe kabUlAta paNa ApI, pradezAne khIjo vinimaya gAyakavADe kapaDava Mja bhAlaja kaDAda ane bIjA keTalAMka gAma ApIne vijApura ane kaDInA TappA lIdhA tyAre thayA. hiMduonAM pavitradhAma gaNAtAM okhAmaMDaLa ane beTadvArakA krupanIe kAI paNa badalA vinA gAyakavADane akSisa ApyAM. pAchaLathI amadAvAdamAMthI gAyakavADanI havelI ane bakSisa ApelAM gAma temaja dasakroI aMgrejoe gAyakavADa pAsethI mAgyAM. 1818 nA jUnamAM gAyakavADe A jagyAne badale peTalAdamAMnI jamIneA, surata aThThAvIsImAMnA mu%0lAI verAo ane meTA kasbA ane tArakezvara paragaNA sAthe karyAM. peTalAdamAMte| bhAga gAyakavADe umareThane badale lIdhe ane pavitra dhAma siddhapura aMgrejoe ene akSisa ApyuM.19

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marAThA kAla [ prA. saurASTramAM vekaranuM samAdhAna saurASTramAM gAyakavADa ane pezavAnI vAraMvAranI mulAkagIrI caDAIothI. trAselA temaja bhAvanagara junAgaDha ane navAnagara jevAM moTAM rAjayothI bhayabhIta rahetA keTalAka nabaLA rAjavIo tAlukadAro ane darabAroe emAMthI potAne ugAravA ane rakSaNa ApavA mATe 1803 mAM mejara vakarane vinaMtI karI, paNa muMbaInI aMgreja sattAe mejara vokarane evI paravAnagI ApavAmAM vilaMba karyo, chatAM chevaTe AvI daramyAnagIrI karavAmAM aMgrejonuM hita sadhAtuM joI paravAnagI apAI. enI pAchaLa saurASTramAM aMgrejonuM Adhipatya sthApavAnI sAthe anya lAbha paNa thatA hatA. gAyakavADanA senApatine saurASTramAMthI khaMDaNI ugharAvavA madada karavAnI pharaja A nimitte bajAvI zakAya ema hatI, vaLI khaMDaNI ugharAvavAnA kAryamAM adhikArI tyAM hoya te nirIkSaNa paNa rAkhI zake, kemake aMgreja sattA paNa khaMDaNImAM aMzataH hisso dharAvatI hatI, tethI emAM ene sIdhe rasa hate. vaLI saurASTranA dariyAkAMThA para eka baMdara prApta thAya evI zakyatA paNa hatI. phrAnsanA ejanTo dvArA thatAM. kAvatarAM ane pravRttio para A baMdarathI sIdhI dekharekha rAkhI eno pratIkAra thaI zake ema hatuM. A badhA mATe muMbaInI aMgreja sattAnuM lakSya kaccha para keMdrita thatuM hatuM. aMgreja adhikArI sAthe hoya te baLajabarIthI thatA khaMDaNI-vasUlAtanA kAryamAM sudhAro paNa sUcavI zakAya. Ama aMgreja dara mAnagIrI mATe ghaNAM kAraNa hatAM, AthI muMbaInA gavarnare mejara vokarane I. sa. 1807 mAM saurASTranA praznonuM nirAkaraNa lAvavAnI paravAnagI ApI. e pUrve eNe e vistAranAM badhAM rAjyone lagatAM Arthika ane sajakIya pAsAM tapAsI lIdhAM hatAM.20 mejara vekara ane bAbAjI ApAjI turata potAnI senAe laI saurASTra, pahoMcyA (oNgasTa, 1807). ghuMTu (tA. morabI, ji. rAjakoTa ) gAme. emaNe notarelA ghaNuM rAjavIo tAlukadAro ane darabAro AvyA temanI sAthe lAMbI carcA vicAraNAne aMte samAdhAnakArI karAra thayA tame, 15, 1808). AvA karAra kula maLIne 153 thayA. e karAro "vokara seTalamenTa" tarIke oLakhAya che. A karArothI mulakagIrI paddhati nAbUda karavAmAM AvI. dareka rAjavInA ne darabAranA pitApitAnA pradezamAM vahIvaTa karavAnA adhikAra cAlu. rakhAyA. karAramAM joDAnAra rAjavIo ane darabAroe potAnA pradezamAM sAmAnya zAMti ane vyavasthA jALavavAnI ane pezavA ke gAyakavADI pradezane rakSaNa

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5 muM] pezavAI sattAnI paDatI [167 ' ApavAnI bAMhedharI jAmIna sAthe ApavAnuM karyuM hatuM. A karAranA amala mATe tema baMDa baLavA ke parasparanI athaDAmaNa aTakAvI devA mATe saurASTramAM gAyakavADa ane aMgrejonI saMyukta phoja rAkhavAmAM AvI. 21 e pachI karnala vokare 1809 mAM mALiyA para AkramaNa karI tyAMnA jorAvara miyANuone harAvI e kabaje karavAthI enI nAmanA samagra saurASTramAM phelAI. saurASTramAM amarelImAMthI vahIvaTa karatA gAyakavADane nAyaba viThThalarAva devAjInI madadamAM aMgreja resiDenTane madadanIza rAkhI e vaDedarA gayo. 1816 mAM zivAe sahAyakArI sainyanI aMgrejonI cejanA svIkArIne e sainyanA khaca badala saurASTramAMnA potAnA badhA hakaka aMgrejone puNe karAra anusAra ApI dIdhA (1817). gAyakavADe paNa e mulakamAMthI "vaikara seTalamenTa ane AdhAre maLavApAtra khaMDaNInI rakama niyamita maLatI rahe e zarate enI vyavasthAmAM vacamAM paDavAno hakka cheDI dIdho. Ama saurASTramAM aMgreja sarvoparI banyA. pAdaTIpa 1. juo upara pR. 72. - saM. 2. Maharashtra State Gazetteers, History, Pt. III (Maratha Period), p. 137 3. C. U. Aitchison, Treaties, Engagements and Sunnuds, Vol. IX, pp. 270-72; IzvaradAsa IcchArAma (anu.), vaDodarAnA rAjyakartA, pR.para 4. juo upara pR. 91. - saM. 4. Aitchison, op.cit., Vol. IX. p. 282; G. S. Sardesai, New History of the Marathas, Vol. II, p. 50 1. IzvaradAsa IcchArAma, uparyukta, pR. 58; Aitchison, o p.cit, article No. LXVII, pp. 282 f 6. Sardesai, op.cit., pp. 58 f. c. Ibid., Vol. III, pp. 77-79 9. IzvaradAsa IcchArAma, uparyukta, pR. 61-63 10. ejana, pR. 64; Sardesai, op.cit., Vol. III, p. 119 10. ejana, pR. 65-66 11. ejana, pR. 74-88 12. ejana, pR. 73-82; Aitchison, op.cit, Vol. IX, articles 1 to 5, pp. 293-96 13. ejana, pR. 83-84 14. Baroda Garciteer, pt. I, pp. 485 ff.

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168 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. 15. sardesai, opacit, Vol. III, p. 384; IzvaradAsa IcchArAma, uparyukta, pR. 84-86 16. ejana, pR. 88-94 17. Baroda Gazetteer, pt. I, pp. 500 f. 26. Aitchison, op.cit., Vol, IX, p. 326 19. Ibid, pp. 330-39; IzvaradAsa IcchArAma, uparyukta, pR. 130-33 20. vigato mATe juo upara pR. 143-148. 21. rago. parIkha, saurASTramAM marAThI sattA," "pathika,varSa 10, aMka 99, pR. 73 74

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prakaraNa 6 samakAlIna rAjayo 1. jADejA vaMza 1. kacchanA jADejA I sa. 1760 mAM rAva lakhapatajInuM avasAna thatAM ene putra goDajI sattA para Avyo. eNe AvIne jUnA dIvAna pUjA zeThane vidAyagIrI ApI ane enA ja eka sevaka jIvaNane dIvAna banAvyo, AthI pUje zeTha pitAne bhAre apamAnita thayela mAnI siMdhamAM rAjya karatA gulAmazAhane ukerI ene karacha para 70,000 nI senA sAthe laI Avyo. dIvAna chavaNa kaccha ane rAdhanapuranA saMyukta lazkarane laI jhArA nAmaka sthaLe sAme jaI pahoMcyo, jayAM pAMca divasa sudhI kAtila yuddha thayuM, jemAM kacchanA 40,000 ane gulAmazAhanA 30,000 -mANasonI khuvArI thaI. dIvAna jIvaNa A jaMgamAM mAryo gayo. A khuvArI sAthe gulAmazAha pAchA pharI gayo. ene pAcho mekalavAmAM pUje zeTha paNa kAraNabhUta hato. zeThane ema lAgeluM ke kaccha para muslima zAsana Avaze to kaccha khedAnamedAna thaI jaze, eTale kaccha jItIne enA para zAsana karavAmAM kAMI lAbha nathI evuM jaNAvI ene pAcho vALela. pUje zeTha kacchamAM ja hato. rAve ene keda pakaDI dehAMtadaMDanI sajA karI. A sAMbhaLI gulAmazAha pharI 50,000 nuM sanma laI Avyo, paraMtu jADejAnI eka kanyAthI saMtoSa mAnI e parata cAlyo gayo.' kacchanI A paristhitine lAbha navAnagaranA meru khavAse lIdhe ane kacchanI sattA nIcene bAla bhAne kille kabaje karI lIdho. gulAmazAhe kaccha upara trIje humale karele, paraMtu e emAM paNa nirAzA sAthe parata gayo. rAva goDajInA I. sa. 1778 mAM thayelA avasAne enA be kumAromAMno meTe rAyadhaNajI gAdIe AvyuM. eNe DA samayamAM betraNa dIvAna badalI nAkhyA. enA samayamAM muhaMmada pannA nAmanA eka muslime rAyadhaNajIne hiMdu dharma pratye eTale sugALa banAvI dIdho ke rAyadhaNajI muslima dharma svIkAravA -taiyAra thaI gayo. Ane kAraNe bhUjanI AkhI vastImAM hAhAkAra macI gayo. adhUrAmAM pUruM dIvAna vAghajI ane bIjA amaladAroe rAvane kabaje karavA

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[ pra.. 170 ] vicAyu ane dIvAnanA bhAI kArAne aMjArathI nAnu sainya laI kheAlAvI magAvyA. rAjamahelamAM eNe AkramaNa te karyuM, paNa rAvanA paDANAe prabaLa sAmanA ApyA, jemAM kArAnA badhA sainika mAryAM gayA. A badhA sainikAne muslima paddhatie rAve TALyA. Ane kAraNe hiMdu amaladAro ane vastImAM paNa bhAre gabharATa phelAI gayA. A sthitinA lAbha laI keTalAka bhAyAta peAtAnI jAgIramAM svataMtra thaI gayA. meghajI, zeDa ane khIjAoe rAvane kAbUmAM levA nizcaya karyo. eka divasa jyAre rAve hiMdu maMdiza teDI nAkhavAne Adeza Apyo tyAre mejI zeTha ane anya adhikArIee rAjagaDhI upara ekAeka humalA karyAM. rAva TakI na zakatAM mahelanA aMdaranA bhAgamAM chupAI gayA. mezvajI zeTha eka kharA sainikanA jussAthI potAnA mANasA sahita rAjamahelane divaseA sudhI gherA dhAlIne tyAM rahyo. rAvanA paDANA pAtAnI lAcAra sthiti joI tAbe thayA ane I. sa. 1786 mAM rAyadhaNajIne keda karavAmAM AvyA. meghajI zeThe rAvanA nAnA bhAI pRthurAjane sattAsUtra seAMpyAM ane je bhAyAta svata Mtra thaI gayA hatA tene paNa manAvI lIdhA. meghajI zeThane haMphAvavA AMtarika Sacakra cAlyuM. e DagyA nahi. rAjyanA che adhikArIoe rAyadhaNajIne mukta te karAbyA, paNa eka nAnI TukaDI dharAvanArA phatehamAmada nAmanA bahAdura jamAdAre ene keda karI lIdhA. e peAte muslima hovA chatAM rAva muslima bane evuM sa`thA icchatA nahAtA. marAThA phAla ' rAvanA pharI pakaDAI javA pachI DaiAsala veNu nAmA eka adhikArI rAjyamAM sattAdhArI banyA hatA. eNe jamAdAra phatehamAmadane 200 gheADesavAreAnI saradArI ApI. A jamAdAre potAnI kunehabAjIthI rAjyamAM sthira sattA racavAmAM jahemata uThAvI ane AMtarika jhaghaDAone samAvyA. je pRthurAja eka vAra phatemAmada upara talavAra kADhI dhasI gayA hatA tene potAne uzkeranArAonuM A kAvataruM hatuM evuM mAlUma paDatAM e jAte phatehamAmada pAse gayA ane eNe enI mAphI mAgI, chatAM A beu vacce manameLa naheAte. khaTapaTiyAonI khaTapaTathI keTalIka dhAMdhala UbhI thaI hatI. pRthurAjajI vageree bIjA sAthIdArAnI madadathI bhUja upara hallo karI kabajo lIdheA eTale phatehamAmade rAvane kedamAMthI mukta karI dIdhA, pRthurAje haMsarAja nAmanA Isamane dIvAna banAvyA, paNa e i. sa. 1 01 mAM avasAna pAmatAM rAyadhaNujIne pharI bhUjanI sattA maLI. haMsarAja dIvAna tarIkeH cAlu hatA. rAva haMsarAjane mArI nAkhavAnI vetaraNamAM hatA tevAmAM haMsarAje mAMDavInI madada magAvI rAvane keda karI lIdheA. A AMtarika jhaghaDAmAM rAva

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samakAlIna rAjya [ 174 mukta thaze ane pAchA keda pakaDAyo. thoDA samaya pachI vaLI e mukta thaye. AzakaraNa nAmanA eka adhikArIe A DAmADoLa paristhitine lAbha rAjadhAnI lUMTIne lIdhe. rAva A apamAna sahana karI na zakyo, paNa tyAM te AzakaraNa siMdha tarapha nAsI gayo. nAsatI vakhate rAvanA sainikoe ene aTakAvavA prayatna karela. A jhapAjhapImAM palAnA eka sainikanI goLIthI rAva. enA eka pagamAM jakhamI thayo ane pharI keda pakaDAyo. rAjyanuM hita IcchanArA jamAdAra phatehamAmade garAsiyAonAM, miyANAonAM ane dharmasthAnAne apAyelAM gAmo upara vere nAkhyo tethI garAsiyA gusse thayA. dhamaDakA (tA. aMjAra)ne garAsiyo phatehamAmadanI havelImAM ghUsI gayo ne eNe jamAdAra para ghA karyo, paNa e bacI gayo ne jamAdAranA mANase e garAsiyAnA TukaDe. TukaDA karI nAkhyA. phatehamAmade enA paranA ghAmAMthI cAra mahine beThe thayA pachI dhamaDakA ane bArI (tA. bhacAu) gAma khAlasA karyo. saNA (tA. rApara) nA ThAkorane paNa tAbe karyo. je garAsiyA sAme thayA temane bhAre sajA karI. eNe banAsakAMThAnuM vArAhI lUMTavuM, bAlaMbhAne killA para kacchano hakaka che ema kahI e navAnagaranA pradeza upara paNa caDAI laI gayo ane eNe navAnagarane keTalAka pradeza ujajaDa karyo, paNa meru khavAsa navAnagara ane jUnAgaDhanI saMyukta senAo sAthe sAme Avyo tyAre phatehamAmada pAchA pharI Avyo. pharI paNa eNe navAnagara para vijaya meLavavA prayatna karyo. AmAM paNa ene niSphaLatA maLI. eNe hAlAramAM kacchanAM keTalAMka thANAM mUkyAM ane e pAcho pharyo. eka sUcaka parivartana I.sa. 1809 mAM AvyuM. kaMpanI sarakAra ane karacha rAjya vacce karAra thayA temAM kaMpanI sattA taraphathI vaDedarAnA resiDenTa karnala vakara dvArA grInavUDa ane kaccha rAjya taraphathI jamAdAra phatehamAmada hate. karAra thayA chatAM thoDA samaya sudhI phatehamAmade aMgreja sattAnuM uparIpaNuM kabUlyuM nahi ane enI dhUMsarImAMthI chUTavA ane kacchane svataMtra karavA I.sa. 1817 mAM yuktio ajamAvI. eNe keTalAka bahAravaTiyAone harakata karyo. sivAya lUMTaphATa karavA dIdhI, AthI kaMpanI sattA taraphathI kharIte laIne kepTana mekamane elacI tarIke kaccha javAno hukama thayo. lUMTArAoe calAvelI lUMTa bharapAI karavAne phatehamAmade nA pADatAM bIjo kharIte Avyo. AvI. gaDamathala cAlatI hatI e daramyAna kelerAthI phatehamAmada maraNa pAmyo. rAyadhaNa januM paNa e ja varSe ceDA ja divaso bAda avasAna thayuM.

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172] marAThA kAla [ pra. rAyadhaNajInA samayamAM vikhyAta thayelA suMdarajI sodAgare IsTa InDiyA kaMpanIne vizvAsa saMpAdana karI saurASTramAM aMgrejone potAnI sattA daDha karavAmAM sahAya karI hatI tema saurASTranAM rajavADAMone AMtara saMgharSamAM paNa samAdhAna karAvavAmAM agatyano bhAga bhajavyo hato. pitAnA avasAne kumAra bhAramalajIne gAdI maLI. e sagIra heI rAjyano kArabhAra phatehamAmadanA putra hasanamiyAnA hAthamAM hato. kaMpanI sattA ane kaccha rAjya vacce thayelA karArane amala thato nahate e mATe kepTana mekamaDuM bhUja gayo. hasanamiyAM te aMgrejone anukULa hato, paNa eno bhAI IbrAhIma pratikULa hato. ene samajAvavAne phatehamAmadanA eka vizvAsu jagajIvana mahetAe prayatna karyo, paNa e phAvyo nahi ane ibrAhIme enA sahita enA samagra kuTuMbane ghaNI ghAtakI rIte mArI nAkhyuM (I. sa. 1814). ceDA ja divasamAM eka mAravADI amaladAre hasanamiyAM ane lakSmIdAsa kArabhArInI hAjarImAM IbrAhImane khatama karI nAkhyo. hasanamiyAM kuzaLa vahIvaTadAra nahoto tethI lakSmIdAse rAjyanI kula javAbadArI upADI lIdhI. hasanamiyAM bhUjamAMthI khasya ane aMjArano kabaje karI svataMtra rIte tyAMne vahIvaTa karavA lAgyo. I. sa. 1815 mAM vAgaDanA bahAravaTiyAe ghATIlA pAse kepTana mekarDonI chAvaNI lUMTI tethI rAva vAgaDa upara caDAI laI gayo. A caDAImAM aMgrejI temaja gAyakavADI sainya madadamAM hatuM. keTalAka nAsI gayA ane hasanamiyAMe hathiyAra heThAM mUkI dIdhAM. have AkhuM aMjAra paragaNuM aMgrejonI sattA nIce AvI cUkyuM. 2. navAnagaranA jAma jADejA A pUrve (graMtha 6 pR. 122 mAM) ApaNe joyeluM ke I. sa. 1768 mAM jAma lAkhAjInuM avasAna thayuM tyAM sudhI merAmaNa khavAsanA hAthamAM navAnagara rAjyamAM sarvasattA hatI. pitAnA avasAne enA sagIra kumAra jasAjIne merAmaNe gAdI upara jAma tarIke besADavo. enA I. sa. 1814 sudhInA dIrtha rAjyakAlane be khaMDamAM vibhakta karI zakAya : (1) merAmaNa khavAsa I.sa. 1000 mAM maraNa pAmyo tyAMsudhI sarvasattAdhIza hato ane (ra) e pachI jasejI saMpUrNa sattAdhIza banyo. (1) merAmaNa khavAsa ane bhavAna khavAsanA hAthamAM sarvasattA hatI e takano lAbha levA kacchanA rAva goDajIe eka prabaLa senA taiyAra karI ane

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samakAlIna rAjya || 173 merAmaNane dama Apato patravyavahAra karyo. merAmaNa sAvadhAna hato. goDajInI senA nAnuM raNa oLaMgI Ave eTalA samayamAM merAmaNa meTA sainya sAthe bAlaMbhA sudhI pahoMcyo ane thANuM kabaje karI eNe rAvanA thANadArane hAMkI kADhavA. dArUgoLo ane badhA ja lazkarI saraMjAma hAthamAM AvI jatAM goDajIne raNa oLaMgavuM muzkela banyuM ne nAmozI sAthe bhUja cAlyA javuM paDayuM. daramyAna paDadharInA hAlojI( kAkAbhAI)e mAthuM UMcakeluM ane meDapara tema AsapAsano. pradeza kabaje karI lIdhela. merAmaNe AgaLa vadhI moDapara kabaje karyuM. gherA. daramyAna ja hAlejIno ghAta karavAmAM Avyo hato. bALaka jazojInI mAtA jhAlI rANI vaiSNavatIrtha nAthadvArAnI yAtrAnA bahAne navAnagara cheDI mAtRgRhe. dhAMgadhrA cAlI gaI ane eNe tyAM rahI merAmaNane khaseDavAno prayatna zarU karyo. merAmaNane enI jANa thatAM eNe pite kazuM ja jANato nathI evA bhAve rANIne navAnagara AvI javA Agraha karyo. rANI pAchI AvatAM ja ene vadha karavAmAM Avyo. okhAmaMDaLamAM AvelA pisItarAno kiTala jItI levA ane vAgherone kAbUmAM levA mATe have merAmaNe jUnAgaDhanA zaktizALI dIvAna amarajIne nimaMtraNa ApyuM. dIvAna amarajI AvatAM uparanA kAryamAM lakhaluTa samRddhinI merAmaNane prApti thaI, paNa bethalInA navA bAMdhavAmAM AvelA killAnA viSayamAM merAmaNa ane amarajI vacce gerasamajutI thaI, chatAM aMte e killAne toDI nAkhavAnI zarate samAdhAna thayuM. amarajI pitAnI senA sAthe jUnAgaDha cAlyo Avyo. I.sa. 1783 mAM merAmaNa amarajInI sAme yuddha mATe gayo, paNa pAcho paDyo. merAmaNane eno pazcAttApa thaye ane saMbaMdha jALavavA ribaMdaranA rANa uparanA AkramaNamAM merAmaNe amarajIne sAtha Apyo. baMnee rANAnA pradezane bhAre raMjADa karI. I.sa. 1784 mAM amarajIne jUnAgaDhamAM ghAta karavAmAM Avyo. I. sa. 1783 mAM amarajInA putra dIvAna raghunAthajIne merAmaNe nimaMtraNa ApI ucca hoddA para besADayo. e sAthe eno nAno bhAI raNachoDajI paNa sAthe AvI pahoMce. A pahelAM mesemaNe I. sa. 1788 mAM navAnagarane gaDha pharatI dIvAla baMdhAvI ane navAnagarane lazkarI daSTie majabUta banAvyuM. I. sa. 1792 mAM merAmaNa saurASTramAM AgaLa vadhyo ane saMthAlI keTaDA-pIThA bAbarA kariyANa bhaDalI baravALA ANaMdapura bhADalA ane jasadaNanA kAThIone DhIlA pADI tyAM tyAM navAnagaranAM thANAM besADayAM. A samaye jasadaNanA vAjasUra khAcare merAmaNane ATakeTa soMpI daI jasadaNa bacAvI lIdhuM. I. sa. 1794 mAM hAlAranA bhAyAtoe merAmaNane dUra karavA ane jasojIne bacAvI levA.

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jU74 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. - halamala karI, paNa emanuM kaMI vaLyuM nahi. merAmaNe rAjakoTanuM saradhAra paragaNu khedAna-medAna karI nAkhyuM. A samaye bhAvanagaranA vakhatisaMhajI rAvaLa DhADI sAthe medAne paDayo hatA ane jasadaNamAM chAvaNI nAkhI paDayo hatA. e samaye kAThIonI madade jUnAgaDhane navAba hAmadakhAna AvyA hatA. merAmaNa A mAmalAmAM vacce paDayo ate eNe jUnAgaDha-bhAvanagara vacce samAdhAna karAvI ApyuM. jADejA bhAyAtA merAmaNane paheAMcI zake ema nahAtA tethI teee kacchanA rAvanI madada mAgI ne kacchanA jamAdAra phatehamAmadane agAu rAva gADajIne pAchA DI- javAnA prasaMgo alA levA mATA sainya sAthe navAnagaranA pradeza upara caDI AvavA araja karI. AnI jANa thatAM bhavAna khavAsa sAmanA karavA AgaLa vadhyA ane khAkharA khelA gAma najIka chAvaNI nAkhI rahyo. phatehamAmade ene AgaLa vadhavA dIdhA ane pote paDadharI kUca karI gayA. bhavAna pAchA vaLI enI pAchaLa AvyA. mukAbalAmAM kacchI sainyane vijaya thayA ane bhavAna khavAsa potAnA sainya sAthe navAnagara cAlyA AvyA. tehamAmade navAnagarane alaga rAkhI cheka jAmakhaMbhALiyA sudhI AgaLa vadhI lUMTa calAvI ane pachI pAcho pharI AvyA. A caLavaLanI pAchaLa jAma jaseAjI ane enI rANI azrutAnI khAnagI / hovAnI gadha AvatAM merAmaNe e baMne para vadhu jAte rAkhavA mAMDayo. AnAthI mUMjhavaNa vadhatAM jaseAjIe kacchanA rAva rAyadhaNajI ane jADejA saradArane peAtAne bacAvI levA nimaMtraNa ApyuM. amadAvAda khAtenA pezavAnA pratinidhi AkhA zelUkaranA netRtve I. sa. 1794 mAM marAThA lazkara AvI pahoMcatAM uparanuM astitvamAM AvI zakayu nahi. merAmaNe marAThAone sArI evI rakama ApI gAMDaLanA paragaNAne sApha karI nAkhavA preryAM. I.sa. 1795 mAM merAmaNa okhAmaMDaLa upara caDAI laI gayA ane eNe vAgherenI sattA nIcethI raNunI pUva bAjUnAM gAMgA guDagaDha vagere kabaje karI lIdhAM. I.sa. 1797 mAM jAma jaseAjI ane enA bhAI satAjIe merAmaNanA saka MjAmAMthI nIkaLavA prayAsa karyAM, para Mtu merAmaNe vadhu majabUta pakaDa karI tene tAbe karyAM ane emanI hilacAla upara vadhu sakhata jAptA rAkhavA mAMDayo. e mAsa sudhI merAmaNe peAtAnA ja makAnamAM jaseAjIne jAptAmAM rAkhyA hatA. A varSe bhavAna khavAsanuM avasAna thayuM'. e ja varSamAM moDethI kacchanA jamAdAra phatehamAmade raNu dvArA AvavA karyuM. paNa merAmaNe evA prabaLa sAmanA karyo ke jethI te rAjyo vaccenA jhadhaDA mATe lavAdInA siddhAMtatA svIkAra karI phatehamAmada yuddha ApyA vinA ja kaccha tarapha pAchA vaLI gayA. I. sa. 1798 mAM merAmaNane thayuM ke rAjyamAM potAnI

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samakAlIna rAjya [ 175 sAme vaMToLa Ubho thato jAya che. tethI pitAnI AMtarika salAmatI mATe jojI pAsethI pitAne mATe joDiyA bAlaMbhA ane AmaraNa vaMzaparaM parAnI jAgIra tarIke cAlu thAya evuM lakhAvI lIdhuM. A varSamAM kacchanA rAva rAyadhaNajI ane phatehamAmade dhasI AvI navAnagara jhUMTavI lIdhuM ane teo zaheranA svAmI thaI paDayA, paNa merAmaNanI kunehathI emane hAMkI kADhavAmAM AvyA. I.sa. 1799 mAM Araba jamAdAra hAmIdane putra amInasAheba saurASTranI khaMDaNI ugharAvavA vaDodarAthI nIkaLyA. merAmaNe vAMkAneramAM chAvaNI nAkhI paDelA amInasAhebane, je dare zivarAma gAradIne khaMDaNI ApavAmAM AvatI hatI te dare, ApavAnuM kabUlyuM. merAmaNa A vakhate bhANavaDanA bhAyAtane bhiDAvavA raNachoDajIne lakara sAthe mokalya, paNa emAM saphaLatA na maLatAM raNachoDajI pAcho pharyo. daramyAna phatehamAmade navAnagarane pharI ghero ghAlyo. e vakhate pAMcAlamAM zivarAma gAradI khaMDaNI ugharAvI rahyo hato tene merAmaNe dIvAna raghunAthajI dvArA madada mATe kaheNa mokalyuM. raghunAthajI e pramANe zivarAmane navAnagara tarapha lAvato hato e veLA merAmaNane bhaya jAgyo ke kadAca e beu pitAne navAnagaramAMthI ukheDI nAkhe. e bhaye e phatehamAmada pAse dhuNavAva gayo ane eNe ene ghero uThAvI levA samajAvyo. AmAM saphaLatA maLatAM merAmaNe raghunAthajIne lakhI jaNAvyuM ke badhuM ThIkaThAka thaI gayuM che eTale zivarAma gAdInI madadanI have jarUra nathI. radhunAthajIe zivarAmane enI madadanA upalakSyamAMthI keTalIka rakama badalAmAM ApavA vacana ApeluM tethI navAnagaranI AsapAsanAM paragaNuonA paTela pAsethI ugharANuM karI zivarAmane cUkavI ApyuM ane ene pAcho vALyo A kAryathI merAmaNa nArAja thayo tethI raghunAthajI navAnagara choDI daI dhroLamAM chAvaNI nAkhI rahyo. I.sa. 1800mAM merAmaNa yazasvI kArakirdInA enA zAsanakALa pachI avasAna pAmyo. merAmaNanA putra A pachI pitAnAM traNe gAmomAM potAno hika jamAvI svataMtra tAlukadAra tarIke besI gayA. svataMtratA maLI javAnA utsAhamAM jAma jasAjIe e tarapha dhyAna ApyuM nahi. jasojIe 1801 mAM jasadaNanA killAne khedAnamedAna karyo. eNe madhya saurASTranA ane jhAlAvADanA temaja ghoghAbArAnA UtaratA darajajAnA tAlukadAro pAsethI "ghoDA-vere" vasUla karyo. jasojIe A pachI porabaMdara tAbAnA rANa-kaMDeraNAnA gaDhane kabaje lIdhe. pariNAme rANAe gAyakavADa ane briTiza sattAnI madada mAgI, AthI karnala vakare AvI I. sa. 1807 mAM rANuM kaMDoraNAno

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176 ] mirAThA kAla [ pra kabaje laI rANAne seMpI ApyuM (Disembara 2, 1807). I. sa. 1808 mAM jAma ane briTiza sattA vacce karAra thayA ane jasAjIe lUMTaNa-pravRttino tyAga karyo. jajIe bhAI satejIne kuTuMbanA rivAja pramANe ApavuM joIe te viSayamAM mAthAbhAre vartana karyuM tethI satejIe karnala vokara ane gAyakavADane phariyAda karI. e baMnee prayatna karyo, paNa saphaLatA na maLI. A gALAmAM kacchanA rAve paNa navAnagaranA pitAnA dAvA vize aMgreja sattA ane gAyakavADane phariyAda karI vacce paDavA jaNAvyuM, paNa jAme e beunI salAha tarapha AMkha ADA kAna karyA. A pramANe asaMtuSTa paristhiti pravartatI hatI. evAmAM jAmanI senAnA eka Arabe gepamAM thANuM nAkhIne paDelA eka aMgreja amaladArane mArI nAkhyo ane e Azrayane mATe jAmanA. tAbAnA moDaparanA killAmAM bharAI gayo. jAma pAse enI mAgaNI karavAmAM AvI tyAre ene pAche seMpavA jAme ghasIne nA pADI, AthI Aga caMpAI ane kepTana kanaka tathA phattesiMharAva gAyakavADa I. sa. 181ra nA AraMbhamAM navAnagara sudhI dhasI AvyA. thoDA ja saMgharSa bAda jAme namatuM mUkyuM ane ene eka saMdhi karavAnI pharaja pADI (phebruArI 23, 1812 } : (1) briTiza amaladAranA khUnIonI soMpaNI karavI, (2) moDaparane kile jamInadosta karavo, (3) kacachanA hakkadAvAnuM nirAkaraNa lAvavuM, (4) satAjIne rANapura ane bIjA bAra gAma jivAI mATe ApavAM, (5) phattesiMharAvane vArasAverA, tarIke rUA. 25 hajAra ApavA ane (6) dhroLane sarapadaDanuM paragaNuM soMpI devuM. have anya dhAMdhala na karavAnA viSayamAM ene majabUra karavAmAM Avyo. I. sa. 1813 mAM jamAdAra phatehamAmada hAlAra upara caDI Avyo. te vakhate kutiyANAthI dIvAna raNachoDajI jAmanI kumake AvI pahoMcyo. haDiyANA pAse sainyone mukAbale thayo ane jaMga jAmyo. AmAM phatehamAmada muMjhA ane kacchamAMnA briTiza pratinidhi suMdarajI lavajI dvArA vaDodarAnA resiDenTa kepTana kakane saMgharSa baMdha karavAnA viSayano patra jAma upara mokalyo. e viSayamAM saMdhi thaI ane phatehamAmade pote karelA tophAna mATe badale ApavAnuM svIkArI lIdhuM. I. sa. 1814 mAM jAma jasAjI 47 varSanA rAjyakAlanA aMte avasAna pAmyo ane ene nAno bhAI satejI sattA upara Avyo. sateja aphINa ane bIjAM vyasanone kAraNe nirbaLa thaI gayo hato ane ene kAMI saMtAna nahotuM tema thavAnI paNa zakyatA nahotI tethI jAma jasejanI vidhavA abubAe

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samakAlIna rAjya [ 177 bhANavaDanA bhAyAta jasojInA putra raNamallane geTe lIdhe. joDiyAnA khavAnI dhAMdhale sivAya satejanA cha varSanA rAyakAlamAM koI mahattvanA banAva banyA kahI zakAya ema nathI. satejIe khavAso sAme thavA gAyakavADa ane briTiza sattAnI kumaka mAgatAM karnala IsTa pitAnuM sainya laI khavAsone dabAvI devA AvI pahoMcyo. saMgrAma khavAsa hiMmata hArI gayo ane pitAnA gAmano kabajo soMpI briTiza rakSaNa nIce merabI cAlyo gayo. pachI gAyakavADa ane briTiza sattAnI madhyasthIthI AmaraNa paragaNAnI jAgIra ene maLI. caDelI khaMDaNI vasUla karavA briTiza vatI suMdarajIe ATha varSa mATe joDiyA ane bAlaMbhAnAM paragaNAMne havAlo saMbhALe. satAjInuM I. sa. 1820 mAM avasAna thayuM ane raNamalajI navAnagaranI gAdIe Avyo. 3. dhroLanA jADejA * kaleja pachI ene nA bhAI vAghajI sattA upara Avyo. enuM avasAna I. sa. 1760mAM thatAM ene putra jayasiMhajI 1 le urphe dAdAjI dhroLanI gAdIe Avyo hato. eNe khirasarAnA jAgIradAra pAsethI I. sa. 1760 mAM khirasarA paDAvI lIdhuM ne e thaDe samaya bhImajIne soMpAyuM. pUrAM 21 varSa rAjya karI jayasiMhajI I. sa 1181 mAM avasAna pAmyo. pachI ene putra janoi ra je gAdIe Avyo. ATha varSa bAda enuM avasAna thatAM I. sa. 1789 mAM nAthajI ane enA pachI moDajI ra je sattA para Avyo. merAmaNa khavAsanI sAme meDachae jAma jasAjIne dUpha ApI hatI ane jAma tathA merAmaNa vacce salAhasaMpa karI ApavAmAM saphaLatA meLavI hatI. A vakhate meDajI svataMtra zAsaka tarIke dhroLamAM rAja-sattA bhagavate thaI gayo hate. I. sa. 1803 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM eno putra bhUpatasiMhajI sattA upara Avyo, jeNe 41 varSa rAjya bhogavyuM hatuM. gAyakavADane dIvAna ane karnala vakara enA rAjyakAlamAM khaMDaNI nakkI karavA dhroLa AvyA hatA ane dhroLa paragaNunI khaMDaNI rU. 5,346 ane sarapadaDa paragaNAnI rUA. 4,359 nakkI karavAmAM AvI hatI, paNa sarapadaDa paragaNuM e samaye navAnagarane tyAM gharANe mUkeluM hatuM tethI e pAchuM levA bhUpatasiMha gAyakavADa ane briTiza sattAnI sahAya mAgI. gAyakavADa ane briTiza satAe e pAchuM I-7-12

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[ pra. 178 ] marAThA kAla ApavA jAmane samajAvyo, paNa e ekadama taiyAra na thaze eTale karosiMharAva gAyakavADa ane karnala vakara navAnagara upara caDI AvyA. jAme namatuM mUkyuM. ane I. sa. 1818 mAM dhroLane enuM sarapadaDa paragaNuM pAchuM maLyuM. jarAjakoTanA jADejA lAkhojIne kuvara maherAmaNajI gaNya koTine kavi hate. eNe I. sa. 1782 mAM "pravINasAgara" nAmanA hiMdI graMthanI racanA karI hatI, A kAvyazAstrane lagate eka uttama graMtha thaye. e I. sa. 1794mAM pitAnI hayAtImAM ja avasAna pAmatAM pitA lAkhAjIe rAjya-kArobAra hAthamAM lIdho, paNa maherAmaNajInA putra raNamalajIe doDha ja varSamAM ene kADhI mUkyo, paraMtu pAchaLathI pastAI ene vahIvaTa pharI so. pachI I.sa. 1796 mAM lAkhojI maraNa pAmyo tethI I.sa. 1825 sudhI raNamalajIe svataMtra rIte rAjya karyuM. 5. goMDaLanA jADejA geMDaLamAM kuMbhAjI ra je pratApI ane baLavAna rAjA hate. I. sa. 1758 mAM jUnAgaDhanI gAdIe mahAbatakhAnajI Avyo tyAre tyAM AMtarika khaTapaTa hatI. Ane lAbha levA rAdhanapurano navAba kamAluddInakhAna jUnAgaDha sudhI AvI pahoMcyA hatA, paNa kille levAya nahi eTale jUnAgaDhathI thoDe dUra chAvaNI nAkhI paDyo. gaMDaLanA kuMbhojIe junAgaDha AvI, rAdhanapuranA navAbane samajAvI pAcho kADhyo ane navAbI kuTuMbane jhaghaDe samAvyo. navAba pAse nANAMnI kheMca hatI eTale kuMbhojIe 35,000 korI ApI navAba pAsethI upaleTA paragaNuM lakhAvI lIdhuM hatuM. pachI ene dhorAjI paragaNuM paNa maLyuM. kuMbhojInA manamAM dIvAna amarajIne Dara hato tethI dIvAnane dUra karavA navAbane samajAvyo. eNe najIkamAM ja marAThAonuM sainya chAvaNI nAkhI paDayuM hatuM, tenI madadathI mAlAsImaDI pAse chAvaNI nAkhI paDelA amarajI para caDAI karI, paNa jitAze nahi evuM lAgatAM kuMbhojI marAThAonA sainyane choDI jato rahyo. navAba hamIdakhAna I. sa. 1775 mAM jUnAgaDhanI sattA para Avyo tyAre paNa kuMbhojInI bhaMbheraNI cAlu rahI. eka vAra te amarajInI sattA teDavA jAmanA dIvAna merAmaNa khavAsa ane porabaMdaranA rANA sulatAnajIne uzkerI pitAnI madade bolAvyA ane I. sa. 1782 mAM kutiyANA paragaNuM para halle karI tyAMnAM gAma lUMTavAM. amarajIe laData ApI, paNa

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samakAlIna rAjye [ 109 e phAvyA nahi ane jUnAgaDha cANyA gaye eTale traNee maLI devaDA(tA. kutiyANA )nA killo teADI pADayo. ''' ' ] SS amarajI ke bhAjInA nAza karavAnI taka jotA hatA, AthI I. sa. 1784 mAM jUnAgaDhanA navAbane kuMbhAjIe potAne tyAM AmaMtrI, khUba khAtara karI amarajIte vinAza karavA khUba bhaMbheryAM. pariNAme navAbe amarajInI thADA divasa bAda katala karAvI. I. sa. 1788 mAM porabaMdaranA rANAe verAvaLa baMdara para e jItI lIdhu tyAre navAe kuMbhAjInI madadathI caDAI karI pharI A vijayanI khuzAlImAM navAbe kuMbhAjIne gAMDaLa jetalasara ane bhimArA gAmeAnI vaMzapara MparAnI sanada lakhI ApI. agAu I. sa. 1774 mAM ku MbhAjIe navAbane traNa lAkha karI dIdhI hatI te ApI na zakatAM badalAmAM kuMbhAjIe sarasAI (tA. visAvadara ) ane cAparaDA (tA. visAvadara) paragaNAM lakhAvI lIdhAM. humaleA karI kabaje karyAM, maLeDI lA4 kuMbhAjInA putra sagarAmajI hayAtImAM maraNa pAmatAM sagarAmajIneA putra mUlujI gAdIe AvyA. enA avasAne te putra hAlAjI AvyA, paNa eka * ja varSoMmAM avasAna pAmatAM ene nAnA bhAI dAjIbhAI gAdIe AvyA. e I. sa. 1800 mAM aputra maraNa pAmatAM enA kAkA deAjIne gAdI maLI, I. sa. 1803 mAM jUnAgaDhane dIvAna raghunAthajI jhAlAvADamAM khAMDaNI ugharAvavA gayelA tyAre devAjI paNa sAthe hatA. eNe ujjaDa thayelAM paragaNAMne AbAda karyAM. I. sa. 1812 mAM enu avasAna thatAM pATavI kuMvara nAtheAjI sattA upara AvyA. I. sa. 1814 mAM ja enu avasAna thatAM nAnA bhAI kAtAjI gAdIe AvyA 6. sAramInA jADejA I.sa. 1758 mAM revAjI maraNa pAmatAM ene putra pacANajI sattA upara AvyA. eNe pitAnA samayathI cAlye. AvatA mALiyA sAthene vigraha cAlu rAkhyA hatA. jUnAgaDhanI madadathI mALiyAne sApha karavA pacANajIe prayatna karyo, paNa kaI khAsa saphaLatA maLI nahi. I. sa. 1771 mAM paMcANujInu avasAna thatAM ene kumAra vAghajI sattA para AvyA. eNe jUnAgaDhanA amarajI dIvAnanI madada laI kaccha-vAgaDa upara caDAI karI paLAMsavA( tA. rApara) ane kariyANI( tA. lakhapata ) jItI lIdhAM.

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1 180 ] marAThA kAla [346 enI mALiyA sAthe teA laDAIe cAlu ja hatI. vaLI dhrAMgadhrAnA sajakumAra khApAjI sAthe paNa aMTasa paDelA. chevaTe phattesiMha gAyakavADa taraphathI sainya AvyuM tenI madadathI mALiyA jItI levAyu.. I. sa. 1785 mAM vAdhajInuM avasa'na thatAM enA pATavI kuMvara hamIrajI gAdIe AbyA. enA samayamAM merakhInA eka vepArIne jhAlAoe lUMTI letAM jUnAgaDhanI madadathI eNe vaDhavANunAM vastaDI( tA. vaDhavANu ) kAraDA( tA. lIMbaDI) ane samaDhiyALA( tA. lIMbaDI) gAme lUTI emAMthI pelA vepArIne nukasAnane badalA vALI ApyA hatA. hamIrajI I. sa. 1790 mAM maraNa pAmatAM ene bhAI jiyAjI gAdIe AvyeA. jAma jaseAjI dhrAMgadhrA paraNavA AvyeA tyAre jasadaNanA vAjasUra khAcare ATakATa cAMllAmAM ApeluM, paNa e ATakoTanA dAdA khAcarane mAnya na thatAM e navAnagara sAme bahAravaTe caDelA. merAmaNa khavAse ene samajAvI samAdhAnaH ". jAmane vera meArakhI sAthe ha|I dAdA khAcare jAmanu lazkara ane tha potAnuM laI mArakhI upara hallA karI traNa vAra merakhI lUMTayuM.. chelI laDAIthI. sAMkaDamAM AvI gayelA dAdA khAcara bAkI rahelA thADA seAkhatI sAthe mA gayA ( 1792-1793 ). nAgaDAvAsa( tA. mArakhI ne juNAjI jADeje peAtAnA gAmane kille khAMdhI AjubAjunA pradezamAM lUMTa calAvatA hatA tenA para pezavAI sainyanI madadathI caDAI karI. I. sa. 1795 mAM nAgaDAvAsane kille teADI pADI jUNAjIne jiyAjIe nasADI mUkayo hatA. I. sa. 1800 mAM krucchathI bhANajI mahetA AvyA ane eNe merakhI rAjyanA vavANiyA baMdarane gherA dhAhyA tyAre I.sa. 1801 mAM nasADI mUkI khaMdaranA rakSaNArthe tyAM thANuM besADayu enA sainyane paNa. I. sa. 1801-02 mAM mALiyAnA ThAkora DAsAjInA tarapha upara uparathI prema khatAvI tenAM sainyAe AjubAjunA pradezamAM lUMTa calAvavI zarU karI, pachI pAchA pharatAM dagAthI DeAsAne bhAjana para mAlAvI enA sainya para hallA. karI aneka miyANAne khatama karyAM ane DeAsAjIne keda karI mArakhI laI AvyA. I. sa. 1803 mAM gAyakavADa taraphathI khAkhAjI ApAcha cha varSanI caDelI khaMDaNI udharAvavA AvyA tyAre jiyAjI sainya laI sAmA thayA, paNa Akhare.

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samakAlIna rAjya | [ 181 salAha karI, khaMDaNI mApI ene pAcho mokalyo. e pharI vAra Avyo tyAre saphaLatA na maLavAthI AsapAsane pradeza lUMTato e cAlyo gayo. I. sa. 1806 mAM bAbAjI trIjI vAra AvI morabInI AsapAsa lUMTa calAvavA lAgyo. miyANuM paNa herAna karatA hatA. AvI sthitimAM bAbAjInA kahevAthI DosAne mukta karavAmAM Avyo. I.sa. 1807mAM karnala vokara gAyakvADa ane pezavA vatI khaMDaNI ugharAvavA FAvyo tyAre morabI miyANAnI lUMTaphATathI herAna-parezAna hatuM. aMgreja sattA sAthe morabIno saMbaMdha baMdhAtAM harakato dUra thavA lAgI ane merabI pagabhara thavA lAgyuM. e ja varSamAM jagI(tA. bhacAu)nA jADejA sesamalajIe -baLavo karI AdhoI (tA. bhacAu) kabaje karyuM, paNa morabInA raNa taraphanA amaladAre enA para caDAI karI pAchuM hAtha karI lIdhuM ane baLavo ThArI nAkhyo. I. sa. 1816 mAM merAmaNa khavAsanA vArasa sagarAmanI dUphathI navA -nagara sAthenA Arabo joDiyAmAM jaI bharAyA hatA temane narama pADayA. karnala IsTa joDiyA para halle laI gayo tyAre pitAnAM joDiyA AmaraNa vagere choDI jaI e morabIne Azare jaI rahyo. jiyoe ene kAnapura (tA. vAMkAnera ) gAma ApyuM ane pachI jAma sAthe jiyoe vATAghATa karI sagarAmane AmaraNa paragaNuM pAchuM apAvyuM. 2. jeThavA vaMza saratAnajI 2 jA (175) pAsethI I. sa. 1759 mAM jUnAgaDhanA navAba mahAbatakhAnajIe kutiyANuM pAchuM hastagata karI lIdhuM. I. sa. 1774 mAM mAMgaroLa (soraTha)nA zekhamiyAMe navIbaMdara upara hale karI e kabaje karyuM, paNa goMDaLanA kuMbhezanI sahAyathI saratAnajIe pAchuM meLavyuM. I. sa. 1778 mAM rANAe navAnagaranI sarahade bheTALIno killo baMdhAvyo. jase najAme merAmaNa khavAsane moTA lazkara sAthe e killo toDI pADavA mekalyo. rANAe junAgaDhanI madada mAgI, paraMtu jUnAgaDhanA dIvAna amarajIe -navAnagaranA jAma sAthe pitAne phAvatI zarata karI ane bheTALIne kilo pADI nAkhavAnI zarate badhAM sainya pAchAM vaLyAM. I. sa. 1782 mAM saratAnajIe goMDaLanA kuMbhejInI sahAya meLavI kutiyANA para caDAI karI ane paragaNAmAM lUMTaphATa karI. daramyAnamAM amaracha AvI pahoMcyo ne eNe baMne saune hAMkI kADhayAM.

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[ pra. 18ra ] marAThA kAla I. sa. 1785 mAM saratAnajIe chAyAnA killAmAMthI rAjadhAnI uThAvI. laI ribaMdarane rAjadhAnI banAvI. I. sa. 1787 mAM ceravADanA rAyajAdA saMgajIne hATI aliyAjI sAthe mALiyA hATInA mukAme yuddha thayuM temAM saMgajI mAryo gayo. saMgajI saratAnajIno sage thatuM hatuM eTale enA kuTuMbane potAnI dUphamAM laI, saMgajInuM karaja pite bharI daI saratAnajIe coravADa pitAnI sattA nIce lIdhuM. tyAMthI ja eNe. verAvaLa jaI tyAM kille kabaje karI lIdho. I. sa. 1789 mAM hamIdakhAna navAbe rANu pAsethI ravADa ane verAvaLa jItI lIdhAM ane rANAnA pradezamAM lUMTaphATa calAvI. kutiyANAmAM e samaye dIvAna goviMdajI hato teNe rANAnA kaMDeraNA gAmane ghere ghA tethI rANAne salAha karavI paDI ane navAbane najarANuM tema daMDa bharI eNe mukti meLavI. I. sa. 1799 mAM jUnAgaDhanA dIvAna kalyANa zeThe kutiyANAne kabaje karI rANAnA pradezamAM lUMTaphATa zarU karI. dIvAna amarajIne putra raNachoDajI e vakhate rANAnI sevAmAM hatuM te rInya laI kutiyANuM pahoMcyo ane kalyANa. zeThane harAvI enI keTalIye to kabaje karI. I. sa. 1804 mAM rANAe vAnaprasthAzrama grahaNa karatAM pitAnA nAmathI kumAra hAle rAjya calAvavA lAgyo. rANae kaMDeraNAne rakSaNa mATe rAkhelA makarANI jamAdAe I. sa.. 1807 mAM e kiTale jAma jasAjIne vecI nAkhyo. gAyakavADano dIvAna ane karnala vokara A pradezamAM khaMDaNI ugharAvavA AvyA tyAre hAlee phariyAda karI e uparathI kaMDoraNe jItI laI rANAnI sattA nIce soMpavAmAM AvyuM. rANAe e mATe rU. 2,000 khaMDaNInA dara varSe ApavA kahyuM. 1808 mAM rANA sAthe thayelA saMdhipatramAM porabaMdara rAjya dariyAI lUMTa na karavAnuM tema bhAMgelAM vahANo pAsethI kAMI hakaka na levAnuM kabUlyuM. hAlejIne enA be putromAMnA nAnA rAmasiMhajI sAthe aNabanAva hato tethI rAmasiMhajIe chAyAne kilo kabaje karI lIdhela. e sAme hAlAjIe phariyAda karatAM kaMpanI sattAe chAyAno kabaje karI hAlojIne havAle ApyuM ane kuMvarane keda karyo. piorabaMdara upara khaM DaNI ghaNI caDI gayelI tethI aMgreja sattAne pabaMdaranI aDadhI upaja ApavAnuM karAvyuM ane e sAme khaMDaNI bharavA rU.

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samakAlIna je 50,000 dhIryA. 1808 mAM A rAjya kaMpanI sattAnA rakSaNa nIce AvyuM ane rANAne sahAya thavA eka kaeNpTana sAthe 100 gorAonuM thANuM mUkavAmAM AvyuM. saratAnajI I. sa. 1813mAM maraNa pAmyo te pUrve hAlejInuM 1812 mAM ja avasAna thayeluM eTale hAlejIne bheTe putra prathIrAjajI "khIjI" nAma dhAraNa karI gAdIe Avyo.pirabaMdarathI vAyavyakoNe samudrakAMThe AvelA maitrakakAlIna maMdira-samUhamAMnA mukhya maMdiranA jUnA bhImezvara mahAdevanuM khImezvara " nAma A khImajIe karAvelI marAmatane kAraNe paDayuM.11 ' 3. jhAlA vaMza 1. haLavada-dhrAMgadhrAnA jhAlA kauTuMbika kalezane laIne gajasiMhajInI cAvaDI rANI jIjIbA pitAnA kumAra jasavaMtasiMhajIne laI varasaDA rahetI hatI. gajasiMhajI upara sAyalAnA sesAbhAIno ghaNe dAba hato, enI IcchA gajasiMhajIne uThADI mUkI haLavadanI sattA kabaje karavAno hato, ene khyAla AvI jatAM gajasiMhajI bAvalInA rANA kalAbhAIne tyAM rahyo ane emanI sahAyathI eNe haLavadano kabaje pAcho lIdhe. sesAbhAIe dhrAMgadhrA kabaje karI yuddhanI taiyArI karI. AnI khabara jIjIbAne maLatAM eNe viramagAmanA kabAtIonI madadathI sesAbhAI pAsethI dhrAMgadhrA hastagata karavA prayatna karyo, paNa saphaLatA na maLI eTale pezavAno saradAra jhAlAvADamAM khaMDaNI ugharAvavA Avyo tenI ane rAdhanapuranA kamAluddInakhAnanI sahAya meLavI jIjIbAe dhrAMgadhrA jItI lIdhuM ne pezavAnA saradAra bhagavaMtarAvane najarANuM ane khaMDaNI ApyAM. gajasiMhajIe jyAMsudhI haLavadamAM rahI sattA bhegavI tyAMsudhI jIjIbAe dhrAMgadhrAmAM rahI pitAnI alaga sattA bhogavI. baMne marAThAone aDadhI aDadhI khaMDaNI ApatAM. I. sa. 1753 mAM haLavada para AkramaNa karI marAThAo gajasiMhajIne amadAvAda laI gayelA pachI enI pAsethI baLapUrvaka 1,20,000 rUpiyA pezakazarUpe vasUla karyA. I. sa. 1765 mAM gajasiMhajInuM avasAna thatAM 12 pATavI kuMvara jasavaMtasiMhajI gAdIe Avyo ane rAjadhAnI dhrAMgadhrA chatAM haLavadamAM rahI vahIvaTa cAlatuM hatuM te badalI dhrAMgadhrAmAM zarU karyo. eNe rAjyanI suvyavasthA karavAmAM sAro samaya gALyo. I. sa. 1801 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM ene me kumAra rAyasiMhajI gAdIe Avyo. e 1804 mAM maraNa pAmatAM ene

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184 ] marAThA kAla [ >> meTo kumAra amarasiMhajI sattA para Avyo. I. sa. 1805 mAM vaDhavANa ane dhrAMgadhrA vacce bakarInI laDAI tarIke jANItI laDAI thaI, jemAM dhrAMgadhrA pakSe cUDA lakhatara sAyalA ane lIMbaDI AvatAM vaDhavANa para saMyukta AkramaNa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. 13 I. sa. 18 07-8 mAM kara ane gAyakavADane saradAra bAbAjI ApAcha khaMDaNIne AMkaDo nakkI karavA AvelA. vokara seTalamenTa pramANe kAyamI jamAbaMdIne AMkaDe paNa nakkI thayo. I. sa. 1814mAM koLI ane jhAlA bhAyAto pAsethI jhIMjhavADA paragaNuM laI lIdhuM, paNa pachI viThThalarAve e I. sa. 1818-19 mAM saMbhALI lIdhuM. amarasiMhajInA samayamAM jATa miyANA tema anya taphAnI lekenA humalAthI rAjya taMga sthitimAM AvI gayuM hatuM. 14 2. lIMbaDInA jhAlA lIMbaDImAM rAjadhAnI vikasAvI harabhamajI kAThIo sAthe saMgharSamAM paDyo hato. jasadaNa ane pALiyAda vagerenA kAThIe aMbAjI yAtrA karavA gayelA harabhamajInI gerahAjarImAM lIMbaDI upara humalo karyo. AnI jANa thatAM harabhamajIe tAbaDatoba lIMbaDI AvI kAThIone harAvI hAMkI kADhayA. I. sa. 1765 mAM khaMDaNI ugharAvavA vaDhavANamAM chAvaNI nAkhI paDelI gAyakavADI senAne zikasta ApelI 15 1765-78 mAM vaDhavANanA caMdrasiMhajI sAme yuddha thayAnuM vaDhavANanI vigatamAM apAyuM che. I. sa. 1787 mAM harabhamajInuM avasAna thatAM ene kumAra harisiMhajI gAdIe AvyA. harisiMhe lIbaDInI killebaMdI pUrI karI 1800 mAM baravALAno koTa baMdhAvyuM. bANAnA jatoe dhAMdhala zarU karelI tyAre jUnAgaDhanI madadathI emane zikasta ApI hatI. 14 karnala vekara ane gAyakavADI saradAra bAbAjI 1807-08 mAM AvyA ane saurASTranA rAjAonI khaMDaNI nakkI karI tyAre lIMbaDInI khaMDaNIno AMkaDo paNa nakakI karavAmAM Avyo hato. 17 che. vAMkAneranA jhAlA I. sa. 1749 mAM sattA para AvelA bhArAe sAyalAnA sesAjInI madadathI dhrAMgadhrAne kabaje jALavI rAkhele. sesAie thoDA samaya mATe haLavadane kabaje karyo hato, paNa bAvaLInA kalAjInI madadathI ene haThAvAtAM kabaje TUMkamAM ja jate karavo paDyo hato, paNa dhrAMgadhrA maLyuM nahi.18 enA samaya mAM koThI-kuMdaNInA kAThIo vAMkAneranA pradezamAM lUMTaphATa karatA hatA temane aTakAvavA jUnAgaDhanA dIvAna amarajInI sahAya meLavI, kAThIonI pAchaLa

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samakAlIna rAje [ 185 paDI emane bhArajIe vaza karyA hatA. eNe saradhAra tAbAnuM sAjaDiyALI (tA. jAmakaMDoraNA) luMTI kabaje karyuM hatuM ane rAjakoTanA rAjavI jADejA lAkhAjIne paNa parAjaya Apyo hato. e I. sa. 1784 mAM avasAna pAmatAM ane e pUrve pitAnI pAsethI rAjyane kabaje laI beThele pATavI kuMvara rAyadhasiMhajI paNa maraNa pAmele heI bIjo kuMvara kesarIsiMha sattA upara Avyo. e 1787 mAM maraNa pAmatAM ene kuMvara caMdrasiMha ra je gAdIe Avyo. eNe vAraMvAra caDI AvatA kAThIone narama pADavAmAM saphaLatA meLavI hatI. caMdrasiMhajI eka vAra vaDhavANanA prathIrAjajI sAthe amadAvAda gayele tyAMthI pAcho AvatAM gAyakavADanA mANaso sAthe mArgamAM jhaghaDo thayo, jemAM ghaNAM mANasa marAyAM, emAM gAyakavADa taraphe TukaDIne jamAdAra bacelo ane ene bhatrIje jamAI IsabakhAna paNa mAryo gayo hato. e khUnanA badalAmAM vAMkAnera taraphathI mesariyA (tA. vAMkAnera, ji. rAjakeTa ) enA vArasane ApavAmAM AvyuM, je pachInA samayamAM rAjya pAchuM vecANa laI lIdhuM. I.sa. 1807-08 mAM karnala vokara ane gAyakavADanA pratinidhie saurASTranA rAjavIonI khaMDaNI AkArI tyAre vAMkAneranI khaMDaNIne AMka paNa nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. 19 4. vaDhavANanA jhAlA sabaLasiMhajI 2 je I. sa. 1765 mAM maraNa pAmatAM enA traNa putramAMno pATavI kuMvara caMdrasiMhajI gAdIe AvyuM. eNe rAjakoTanA garAsiyA meghajIe memakA(tA. vaDhavANa)nA lehANuM vepArIne rojhavA(tA. dasADA)mAM mAla jhUMTavyo hato enI phariyAda uparathI caMdrasiMha moraziyA (?) para caDAI karI ene lUMTayuM hatuM. Ano badalo levA meghajInA putroe lIMbaDInI sahAya mAgatAM banevI harabhamajI sainya sAthe deDI AvyuM hatuM. e samaye marAThA saradAra bhagavaMtarAva lIMbaDImAM chAvaNI nAkhIne paDayo hato te paNa harabhamajInI sAthe Avyo hato. bhAdaranA kAMThe mukAma karyo tyAre caMdrasiMhajI paNa sAme AvI emano mArga rokIne beTho hato. enA araba jamAdAra gorIbhAvI yuktithI marAThA sainyanA golaMdAja to choDI nAsI gayA. A take caMdrasiMhajIe harabhamajInI senA para hale karyo eTale harabhamajI pAcho vaLI gayo. gAyakavADanI to kabaje karelI te bhagavaMtarAvanA kahevAthI pAchI ApI dIdhI. I. sa. 1778 mAM caMdrasiMjInuM avasAna thatAM kumAra prathIrAjajI gAdIe

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marAThA kAla [ x Avyo. e ja varase harabhamajI lIMbaDImAM gujarI jatAM harisiMhajI sattA para Avyo. eNe pitAnA apamAnane badale levA vaDhavANa para caDAI karI, paNa hArajIta vinA yuddha patyuM.' I. sa. 1805 mAM bakarI vizenA mAmUlI kissAmAM jhAlA kuTuMbamAM AMtara kalaha thayo ane emAM dhrAMgadhrAnA amarasiMhajIe lIMbaDInA harisiMhajI, sAyalAnA vikamAtajI ane cUDAnA haThIsiMhajIne pitAnI madade bolAvyA, teo vaDhavANa upara caDI AvyA. harisiMhajIe prathIrAjajIne kaDavAM veNa kahevADAvatAM kathIrAjajI ciDAyo ane dhrAMgadhrAnAM ane pachI lIMbaDInAM gAmamAM lUMTaphATa karavA, lAge paNa have dhrAMgadhrA sAme TakarAvAno prasaMga AvatAM prathIrAjajIne vaDhavANa cAlyA javuM paDayuM, pachI bhATa cAraNee vacce paDI jhAlAone zAMta paDavA. kathIrAjanA amalamAM dedarAnA hamIra jAdavanI dIkarI ane karazana paTela nADodAnI patnI ghareNAMnA praznane bahAvaTe caDI gAma bhAMgavA lAgI. vaDhavANanI bhIMsa vadhatAM e haLavada pahoMcI, Ane kAraNe koI paNa haLavadiyo vaDhavANanA pAdharamAMthI pasAra na thAya evo kaDaka hukama Apyo. aMte ghareNAM pAchAM apAtAM bahAravaTuM zAMta thayuM. I. sa. 1806 mAM prathIrAjajInuM avasAna thatAM ene mAtra savA varSane kuMvara jAlamasiMha gAdIe AvyuM. Ama e sagIra hAI enI vAghelI mAtA bAI rAjabA rAjya calAvatI hatI. I.sa. 180-08 mAM vaDhavANa paNa karnala vokara ane gAyakavADI sattAne bharavAnI khaMDaNInA karAramAM sAmela thayuM. A vakhate amadAvAdanI sukhaDI ane junAgaDhanI joratalabInA karArane paNa vakara dvArA vaza thavuM paDyuM, bAI rAjabAe rAjyane AbAda karavAmAM bhAre jahe-- mata uThAvI hatI. 22 5. lakhataranA jhAlA abhayasiMhajInA avasAne I. sa. 1769 mAM rAyadharajI gAdIe Avyo. I. sa. 1775 mAM dIvAna amarajIe jUnAgaDhanI mulagIrI jhAlAvADa prAMtamAMthI pahelI vahelI vasUla karI.23 pitAnA avasAne I.sa. 1798mAM yuvarAja sagarAmajI eka varSa mATe sattA para AvyuM. enA avasAne ene kAke caMdrasiMhajI gAdIe Avyo. caMdrasiMhajInA avasAne I. sa. 1803 mAM prathIrAjajI gAdIe Avyo. enA samayamAM I. sa. 1807-08 mAM vakaravALA khaMDaNI karAromAM lakhatarane. paNa sAmela thavuM paDayuM. e samaye kArabhAra hIrajI nAmanA khavAsanA hAthamAM

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samakAlIna rAjya [ 187 hata; enA vize karnala vakare kharAba abhiprAya no hato. hIrajIe agAuthI nANAM dhIrI lakhatarane keTa caNAvo zarU karatAM rAjapUta bhAyAto ne girAsadAre vaDodarA goviMdarAva gAyakavADanI vidhavA gehanAbAInI pAse phariyAda gayA. gehanAbAI lakhataranI kuMvarI hatI tethI eNe hIrajI khavAsanuM devuM cUkavI lakhataranI pedAzamAMthI jUnuM karaja temaja rAjyano kharca cUkavavAnI vyavasthA karI.24 6. cUDAnA jhAlA rAyasiMhajI I. sa. 1768 mAM pALiyAdanA kAThIonI sAthenA daMgAmAM mAryo jatAM ene kumAra gajasiMha sattA para Avyo. e paNa I. sa. 1780mAM kAThIo sAthenA jaMgalamAM cAcakA (tA. lIMbaDI) gAme bharAyo. cUDA hAthathI gayuM. enA pautra haThIsiMhe kAThIo upara vijaya meLavI cUDA pharI hAtha karyuM. enA samayamAM vaDhavANanA prathIrAja ane enA vacce jhagaDe thayuM hatuM, jemAM ekabIjA pakSe jhAlA ekaThA thayelA. pAchaLathI samAdhAna thayuM. I.sa. 1807-08 mAM vokare khaMDaNI bAMdhI ApavAnuM kAma karyuM te vakhate haThIsiMha cUDAmAM sattA. para hato.25 4. paramAra vaMza 1. mULInA paramAra ratanajI 3 jA pachI mULInI gAdIe kalyANasiMhajI ra je sattA upara Avyo. enA avasAne rAmabhAI gAdIe Avyo. karnala vakaranA I. sa. 180-08 nA khaMDaNI-karAra samaye A rAmabhAI mULIno sattAdhIza hato. 26 2. dAMtAnA paramAra rANuM karaNasiMhanA avasAne ene kuMvara ratanasiMha dAMtAnI gAdIe Avyo hato. e niHsaMtAna gujarI jatAM eno bhAI abhayasiMha gAdIe Avela. e I. sa. 1785 mAM avasAna pAmatAM pATavI kuMvara mAnasiMhajI Avyo, je IDaranA rAva gaMbhIrasiMhe mevAsI loko upara caDAI karI hatI tyAre rAvanI kumake gayA hatA. pAMca ja varSa rAjya karI e I. sa. 1800 mAM avasAna pAmatAM eno bhAI jagatasiMha gAdIe Avyo. eno keTaleka samaya pizInA vagere paDazanA hAkeronI sAthenA daMgAmAM gayo hato. enA rAjyakAlAM kuMDaLane ThAkora saradArasiMha aputra maraNa pAmatAM enAM pAMce gAma khAlasA karyA. e vakhate bhavacha chatA nAmanA ThAkore milakata mATe vArasA-hakkathI dA rajU karyo. ene nAsIpAsa karavAthI e pAlaNapura gayo. enI sAthe rANAjIne.

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188 ] marAThA kAla - [ 5. - june eka nekara - merusiMha nAmano vRddha jamAdAra pitAne thayelA manaduHkhane kAraNe gayo. tyAM rahI bhavajIe aMgreja resiDanTa mAIsane araja karI ke - rANe tema huM baMne kuMDaLanA sarakhA hakakadAra chIe, chatAM rANe badhI milakata bacAvI pADyo che, paNa huM e gAma aMgreja sattAne bakSisa karavA cAhuM chuM. rANuM jagatasiMhane AnI jANa thatAM aMgreja sattAne rAjyanI pedAzamAMthI sAta AnI bhAga ApavAnuM jaNAvI pakSamAM letAM bhavaLa nirAza thaI pAlaNapura rAjyamAM dIvAna phatehakhAnajIne tyAM nokarImAM rahyo. A pachI rANAe - bhavane karaNapura gAma kADhI ApI saMpa karyo. 27 3. suMthanA paramAra badanasiMhajI saMbhavataH I. sa1784 mAM avasAna pAmatAM eno pATavI kuMvara zivasiMhajI gAdIe Avyo. enA samayamAM I. sa. 1803 mAM kaMpanI sattA taraphathI kamAnDiMga karnala mare Avyo tenI sAthe maitrI karAra karavAmAM AvyA, paNa gavarnara janarala kenavolisa rAjapUta rAjAo sAthe dostI bAMdhavAnI viruddha hato eTale karAra rada thayA. zivasiMhajInA avasAne ene pATavI kesarIsiMha gAdIe Avyo.28 5. gRhila vaMza 1. bhAvanagaranA hila I. sa. 1759 mAM suratanA sIdI nAmanA killedAra pAsethI aMgrejoe - suratano killo tema baMdara jItI lIdhAM tyAre bhAvasiMhajIe khaMbhAtanA navAba sAme rakSaNa meLavavA agAu bhAvanagara baMdaranI Avakane cothe bhAga ApavA vizenA sIdI sAthe karelA baMdarI vepAranA karAra I. sa. 1760 mAM kabUla kya. e ja varSamAM 81 varSanI vaye enuM avasAna thatAM ene meTo putra akherAjajI gAdIe Avyo. gheghA I. sa. 1758 mAM amadAvAda sAthe marAThAone maLyuM hatuM, paNa mominakhAne eno havAle na Apyo eTale marAThA caDI AvyA te samaye akherAje sahAya karI I. sa. 1784 mAM ghoghA marAThAone apAvyuM. A kAraNe akherAjajInI keTalIka khaMDaNa pezavAe ochI karI hatI ane dara varSe "bhAvanagaranI traNathI cAra hajAranI jakAta levAtI hatI te paNa letI baMdha karI hatI. khaMbhAtanA navAbano have bhaya rahyo nahi.

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samakAlIna rAje [ 189 taLAjAne killo bAraiyA koLIonA tAbAmAM hatuM. A leke saurASTranA kAMThA upara lUMTa calAvatA ane prasaMga maLatAM aMgrejonAM vahANone paNa AMtarI lUMTI letA. aMgrejoe I. sa. 1771 mAM akherAjajInI madada mAgI: tyAre akherAjajIe dilathI sahAya ApI. A kAraNe aMgrejo ene taLAjA ApavA mAgatA hatA, paNa akherAjajIe zetruMjI nadInA pazcima bhAgamAM pradeza. vadhAravAnI anicchA batAvatAM aMgrejoe rU. 75,000 mAM e killo khaMbhAta-- nA navAbane vecI nAkhyo hate. akherAjajIne aMgrejo sAthe gADha saMbaMdha hovAne kAraNe jyAre mAdhava-- rAva pezavAe rAbAne hAMkI kADhele tyAre vaDodarAnA resiDanTanA kahevAthI akherAjajIe ene Azraya Apyo hato ane pAchaLathI pitAnA vahANamAM besADI muMbaI pahoMcate karyo hato. rAvaLa akherAjajInuM I. sa. 1772 mAM avasAna thatAM ene meTo putra. vakhatasiMhajI gAdIe Avyo. A samaye bhAvanagaranI sattA nIce zihera ( tA zihera, ji. bhAvanagara), guMdI (tA. bhAvanagara ), koLiyAka (tA. bhAvanagara), varateja (tA. bhAvanagara), umarALA (umarALA mahAla), trApaja ? (tA. taLAjA-dAMtA), bhaMDAriyA (tA. bhAvanagara) ane diyara (tA.. taLAjA-dAMtA) mahAla tema saravaiyAvADano thoDo bhAga ane bhAla(hAla ji. amadAvAda)nAM keTalAMka gAma hatAM. taLAjAno kille (upara jaNAvyA pramANe): khaMbhAtanA navAbanA tAbA nIce hatA ane navAbano sUbo nuruddIna ene hAkema. hato. navAbe vakhatasiMhane samajAvatAM vakhatasiMhe e kharIdI lIdho. Ane virodha karI na ruddIna ene sAmane karavA taiyAra thaye. daramyAna nAnI laDAIthI vakhatasiMhe nUddInanezikasta ApI ane briTiza sattAnI madhyasthIthI rU. 75,000. cUkavavAnA svIkArI killo hAtha karI lIdhe (I. sa. 1773). pitAnA sasarA DhAMkavALA khImAbhAI vALA pAsethI bhAvanagarane gorakhI (tA. taLAjA-dAMtA) ane devaLiyA (taLAjA-dAMtA) e be gAma maLyAM hatAM. A khImAbhAIne taLAjAne vahIvaTa seMpavAmAM AvyuM. jUnAgaDhanA divAna amarajIne navAbe marAvI nAkhyA pachI jUnAgaDhano kaDapa DhIlo paDatAM kAThIo vagere jeramAM AvyA ane lAThInAM ane lAThInA bhAyAtanAM gAma lUMTavA lAgyA eTale vakhatasiMha e bhAgamAM sainya laI Avyo ane eNe kAThIone harAvI lAThI ane lAThI-bhAyAtone pitAnA rakSaNanIce laI pitAnI sattA vadhArI. e vakhate eNe mahuvA chatI pitAnA bhatrIjA hamIrane vAghanagara (tA.mahuvA) jAgIramAM ApyuM. hamIra sAhasika

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190 ) marAThA kAla [pra. ha, e jhAMjhamera (tA. taLAjA-dAMtA), UMcaDI (tA. taLAjA dAMtA), koTaDA (tA.mahuvA) ane bIjAM keTalAMka gAma vAjA girAsadAra pAsethI jhuMTavI laI, jhAMjhamerane rAjadhAnI karI taLAjAnAM gAmaDAM lUMTavA lAgyo. taLAjAno vahIvaTa karanArA khImAbhAI vALAe A hakIkata bhAvanagara mokalI ApatAM I. sa. 1781 mAM vakhatasiMha jhAMjhamera para caDI Avyo ane eNe hamIrane harAvI tyAMthI - hAMkI kADhyo. e gepanAthanA mahaMtane zaraNe gayA tyAM pAchaLa vakhatasiMhajI paNa jaI pahoMcyo. mahaMte ene soMpyo nahi ane saMdhi karAvI ApatAM hamIranAM jItelAM jeTalAM gAma hatAM teTalAM ApatAM ane havethI lUMTa na karavAnI zarata svIkAratAM vakhatasiMha bhAvanagara cAlyo Avyo. e pachI vakhatasiMhe vAja girAsadArono pradeza chatI ekAda gAma ApI zAMti sthApI. have mahuvAmAM hamIra khasiyAno kAke ja sattA bhogavatuM hatuM tenA upara vakhatasiMhe caDAI karI. chaeka divasa barAbara sAmano karyo, paNa killAnI dIvAlamAM bAkoruM paDavAnuM jANatAM jasojI rAjulA nAsI gayo. Ama mahuvA paNa bhAvanagaranI sattA nIce AvyuM. mahuvAnuM jUnAgaDhanuM thANuM paNa baMdha thayuM. jasAe rAjulAnA bhoLA dhAMkhaDAne mahuvA chatI ApavA uzkeryo, paNa vakhatasiMhajI AvI pahoMcatAM jasAne nAsI javAnuM kahI pite vakhatasiMhane zaraNe Avyo. vakhatasiMhe rAjulAmAM paNa thANuM mUkyuM ane enA tAbAno keTaloka pradeza khAlasA karyo. jasa rAjulAthI DeDANa (tA. rAjulA, ji. amarelI) gayo, paNa tyAMnA daMtA keTilAe Azare na ApatAM e gIramAM nAsI gayo. daMtAe paNa vakhatasiMhajIne najarANuM dharI tAbedArI svIkArI lIdhI (I. sa. 1782). kuMDalA(tA. kuMDalA, ji. bhAvanagara)ne zAsaka AlA khumANanA zaraNe enA cha dIkarA vacce vArasAnA viSayamAM jhaghaDe paDyo. moTA bhoje vakhatasiMhanI madada mAgI, te bIjA bhAgadArAe jUnAgaDhanI sahAya mAgI. vakhatasiMhe emAM vacce paDI hakIkate nAmazI vaherI. baMne vakhate enA sainyane parAjaya maLyo, kuMDalA sudhI na pahoMcAyuM. A daramyAna gIramAM nAsIne jaI bharAyelA mahuvAvALA ja khasiyo bahAravaTe caDayo. ene vAghanagara(tA.mahuvA)vALe hamIra khasiyA dUpha Ape che enI jANa thatAM vakhatasiMhe mahuvAnA killedArane mokalI vAghanagara jItI lIdhuM. Ama thatAM hamIra ane jase baMne gIramAM bharAyA ane gIranAM gAmaDAM dhamaroLavA lAgyA. A pachI vakhatasiMhe kuMDalA paNa hastagata karI lIdhuM. khumANa mitiyALA (tA. kuMDalA) jatA rahyA to tyAM pahoMcI, mitiyALA jItyuM ane tyAM thANuM besADayuM. tyAMthI guMdaraNA (tA. mahuvA) ane

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samakAlIna rAjya [ 191 lIliyAnA kAThIo sAmaneA karavA taiyArI karatA hatA, temanA para caDI jaI sAleAlI ( tA. mahuvA ) vagere gAma jItI tyAM tyAM cANAM mUkayAM. A rIte khumANA, khaziyA kALI, khAkhariyA vagere laDAyaka leAkeAnI duramanAvaTa vakhatasiM vaherI lIdhI. ' ] g) I. sa. 1792-93 mAM A loka cittaLa( tA. amarelI)nA krUpA vALAne tyAM ekaThA thayA ane emaNe meTru sainya taiyAra karyu. vakhatasi MhajIne AnI jANu thatA bhAyAtAne potAne madade khelAvI eNe paNa mADhuM sainya sajja karyuM ane cittaLane gherA brAhyA. kAThIe AnAthI khI gayA ane dhIme dhIme verAI gayA. vakhatasihe cittaLa *baje karyuM. e pachI kAThIonAM ghaNAM gAma kabaje karyo. aMte hamIrane sedaraDA tAbAmAMnAM dasa ane khImAne meNupura (tA. amarelI ) tAbAnAM 12 gAma garAsamAM ApatAM zAMti prasarI, pAlItANA(tA. pAlItANA)nA rAjavI UnaDajI geAhelane zihAra pAchu meLavI levAnI icchA uparanA vigraha daramyAna udbhavI, pazu emAM ene sariyAma niSphaLatA maLI. vakhatasihe sarahadanAM maDhaDA ( tA. zaheAra), bhUDhaNA( tA. ziheAra) ane TANA ( tA. ziheAra) vagere gAmAmAM cANAM mUkavAM. pAlItANAnA bhAyAta vanANI vakhatasiMhane madada ApatA tethI pAlItANAnA UnaDajIe kAThIne vanANInAM gAma lUMTavA uzkeryA hatA. enI jANa thatAM vakhatasiMhajIe radhALA( tA. umarALA)mAM paNa thANuM mUkayu'. kAThIonI satAmaNI ne raMjADa satata cAlu hovAthI vakhatasiMhajIe kAThIone mArI vanANI rakSaNamAM lIdhuM ane enAM jIyuDI ( tA. kuMkAvAva-vaDiyA ), AMbalA ( tA. ziheAra) ane khajUDI ( tA. kuMkAvAva vaDiyA ) mAM thANAM mUkavAM. I. sa. 1795 mAM zivarAma gAradI saurASTramAM khaMDaNI udharAvavA AvyA hatA teNe vakhatasi MhajI pAse 11 varasanI caData khaMDaNI mAgI. vakhatasiMhajIe deza ujjaDa thaI gayelA hAI nA pADI. te vacce be vAra yuddha thayuM. jItavAnI te| zakayatA na joI, UlaTuM hArI javAze e khIke gAdIe khasI javAnuM ceAgya mAnyuM. pAlItANAne UnaDa hADA khumANanI madada laI zihAra para caDAI laI gayA, paNa bhAvanagaranA pAtAbhAIe ene hAMkI kADhavo eTale UnaDe zivarAma gAradIne ziheAra para caDAI laI javA preraNA karI. AnI mAhitI maLatAM vakhatasiMhajI pAlItANA upara caDI AvyeA ne eNe bhAre nukasAna karyuM tyAre UnaDajIe killAmAM sAmane ApatAM vakhatasiMhajIne pAchA vaLI javuM paDayuM'. e pachI vakhatasiMhajIe gAriyAdhAra ( tA. gAriyAdhAra )

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192] marAThA kAla [ pra. ane enI AsapAsane pradeza luMTI lIdhe. zivarAmagAradIe zihera upara hale. laI javAnuM mAMDI vALI khaMDaNI ugharAvavA cAlatI pakaDI. rAjulAnA bheLA dhAkaDAne bhAI bhAme vakhatasiMhajIthI Darato tethI jUnAgaDhanA navAba hamIdakhAnanI madada mAgavA gayo. rAjulAnA thaDe bhAga ApavAnI kabUlAtathI navAbe thavuM sainya mokalyuM. paNa tyAMnA belIe mAmaiyAne harAvI kADhayo, eTale navAbe vadhu sainya kahyuM. belanI saMkhyA ochI hoI kille sepI devo paDyo. A vAtanI khabara paDatAM vakhatasiMhajIe eka bhAyAta. kAyAbhAIne mokalyo. eNe mahave jaI tyAMnA eka aMtAjI nAgarane ane deDhaso jeTalA savArene laI rAjulA jItI lIdhuM. AnA samAcAra maLatAM navAbe dubhAyelA kAThIo vagerenuM baLa meLavI meTA rInya sAthe prathama kuMDalA para caDAI. karI e jItI lIdhuM. pachI rAjulA 5ra caDAI karI, jemAM aMtAjI ane kAyAbhAI bharAI jatAM kille navAbane hAtha AvI gayA. tyAMthI kAThIonI uzkeraNIthI navAba bhAvanagara upara caDAI karavA AgaLa vadhyo tyAre vakhatasiMhajI paNa enA sainyane khALavA AgaLa vadhe. varala (tAzihera) AgaLa baMne sainya athaDAyAM, paNa koInI jIta na thaI. navAba tethI lAThI tarapha vaLyo. vaLI pAchuM sainyane kAThIonI uzkeraNIthI bhAvanagara tarapha vALyuM. DhasAmAM vakhatasiMhajIne mukAbale thaye. daramyAna vakhatasiMhajInA banevI jeThavA rANAe vacce paDI samAdhAna karAvI ApyuM. ethI vakhatasiMhajI jUnAgaDhanA. navAbane joratalabI Ape ane navAba kaMDalA lIliyA rAjulA vagere upara hakka choDI de ema TharyuM. navAba dhAMdhalapura (paMcAla) tarapha vidAya thayo ane vakhatasiMhajI bhAvanagara tarapha (I. sa. 1786). Ama be meTAM rA . vaccenA saMgharSane aMta Avyo. have vakhatasiMhajIne lAgyuM ke kAThIo sAthe vera rAkhavAmAM vadhu sAra: nathI. I.sa. 1797 mAM cittaLa ane enI AsapAsanA pradeza tyAMnA kaMpA vALane pAchA Ave, e zarate ke kaMpA vALAe khAsa karI kuMDalAnA khumANene Azaro. na Apo. have khumANone koI Azare na rahyo tethI guMdaraNAne bAle ane leme khumANa tathA khArApata tAbe thayA tema bIjA paNa kAThIo tAbe thayA. jasadaNa sAthe salAha thaI, jasadaNanI prajAne bhAvanagara rAjyamAM thaI vagara jakAte mAla laI javAnI chUTa hatI te rada thaI. I. sa. 1798mAM gaDhaDA ane beTAdanA khAcarane paNa pitAnAM rAjyone cheDe hisso parata maLyo. A zAMti

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''] sacIna rAjye [ta sthapAtAM 1800 mAM vakhatasiMhajI dvArakAnI yAtrAee gayA te peAtAnA sALA rANA saratAnajIne paNa maLyA. I. sa. 1802 mAM aMgrejo ane pezavA vacce thayelA vasaInA karAzane aMge have aMgrejone pagapesArA gujarAtamAM paNu praLatAthI yeA. vakhatasi hUjIne aMgrejo sAthe A pahelAM ja sArA saMbaMdha badhAI gayA hatA tethI have grene bhAvanagara rAjyanA rakSaka khUnI rahyA. pelA karAra pramANe khaMDaNI paNa have a Mgrejone levAnI maLI, I.sa. 1804 mAM gAyakavADI dIvAna bAbAjI ApAjI moTA sainya sAthe ziddhAra para caDI AvyA ane AMbalA pAse chAvaNI nAkhI, vakhatasiMhajI pAse khaMDaNInI udharANI karI. vakhatasa MhajIe nakAra bhaNyo ane prabaLa sAmane Apyo eTale bAbAjI bhAvanagara tarapha AgaLa vadhyo, gaDhecI pAse chAvaNI nAkhI ane bhAvanagara para teApa mArA karyo. nukasAna vadhu thayu hatu. tethI A saOmAM ukela kADhavA vakhatasiMhajIe khaMDaNI ApI bAbAjIne pAchA vALyo. I. sa. 1806 mAM goMDaLanA bhA kuMbhAnA prayatne enA putranA sasarA banelA vakhasi hajI ane pAlItANAnA UnaDajI vacce salAha-saMpa thayAM. have 1807-08 mAM DeAdarAnA resiDanTa karnala vokare gAyakavADa vatI saurASTranA rAjavIe sAthe karAra karyA temAM bhAvanagarane| samAveza thaI gayo. pevA ane gAyakavADa vacce khaMDaNI udharAvavAnA viSayanA matabheda hatA te I. sa. 1817 mAM TaLyo ane pezavA vatI have aMgreja sattA sIdhI khaMDaNI ugharAvavA lAgI vasaInA karAranI rUe dhaMdhukA rANapura ane dhAbA paragaNAM pezavA taraphathI aMgrejone maLelAM hAI bhAvanagaranA sa MparkamAM Avavu thatuM hatu. vakhatasihajI pAtAne pradeza sacavAI rahe e mATe aMgreja sattAnI de!stI jarUrI mAnatA hatA, chatAM uparanAM traNa paragaNAMne kAraNe aMgrejo sAthe saMghamAM AvavAnuM thayuM. chevaTe traNe paragaNAMnI gheADI jhAjhI khAMDaNI ApavAnuM nakkI karI 1810 ma zAMti prasarAvI. 1812 mAM vRddhAvasthAne kAraNe vakhatasihajIe rAja-vahIvaTa kumAra vajesihajIne soMpyo. 1813-14 mAM dukALa paDayo. eka gAyanA vadhane kAraNe vakhatasiddhaHe vadha karanArane motanI sajA karI, pariNAme kheDAnA kalekaTara ane i-7-13

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jisa ] . . jarAThA kAla [ma. vakhatasiMhajI vacce gharSaNa thayuM ne 1816 mAM ghevA dhaMdhukA ane rANapuranAM paragaNuM kheDAnA kalekaTare kabaje laI lIdhAM. A vAtane ghA hRdayamAM lAgavAthI vakhatasiMhajInuM avasAna thayuM ane vajesiMhajI gAdIpati thayo. I. sa. 1817 mAM vaDodarAne Asi. kalekaTara belenTAIna saurASTramAM Avyo tyAre vajesiMhajI ene maLyo ane khaMDaNI vize saMtoSakAraka vyavasthA meLavI. 29 2. lAThIna guhila lAThInA pradezanA rakSaNanI javAbadArI have gAyaka raDI sattAe lIdhI hatI eTale have AsapAsanAM rAjyonA humalAothI ene rakSaNa maLyuM. gAyakavADe enA uparanI khaMDaNI paNa kAyama mATe mApha karI ApI hatI, mAtra bahu nAnI rakama najarANA tarIke levAnI karI hatI. I.sa. 1807-08 mAM thayelA karnala karavALA kelakarAra vakhate lAThImAM surasiMhajI hatA, je damAjI gAyakavADanA sasarA lAkhAjI pachI sattA para Avyo hato. * 3. pAlItANAnA gRhila saratAnajI 2 jAne I.sa. 176 mAM pAlItANA pAse dago karI enA eka bhAyAta alubhAIe mArI nAkhyo ane gAriyAdhAra(rAjadhAnI)ne kabaje lIdhedaramyAna rAjadhAnI gAriyAdhArathI khaseDI pAlItANuM lAvavAmAM AvI. AnI sAme thavA saratAnajInA nAnA bhAI UnaDajIe Adara(tA. lAThIdAmanagara)nA oDhA khumANanI sahAya mAgatAM eNe AvI alubhAIne khatama karI UnaDane pAlItANAnI gAdIe besADavo. oDhAnI marajI UnaDajI pAsethI rAjya chInavI levAnI hatI, paNa UnaDajIe enI e melI murAda bara AvavA na dIdhI ane ene tyAMthI hAMkI kADhayo. A pUrve ApaNe joyuM che ke UnaDajIne bhAvanagaranA vakhatasiMhajI sAthe saMgharSa thayeluM. ene pIThA khumANa sAthe paNa aNabanAva thayela. vakhatasiMhajIno vevAI, gaMDaLano kuMbhojI AmAM vacce Avyo ane vakhatasiMhajI ane UnaDajI vacce samAdhAna karI ApyuM. A pUrve vakhatasiMhajIe pAlItANAnuM gAriyAdhAranuM paragaNuM lUMTI ujajaDa karI nAkheluM. vakhatasiMhajI sAthenA satata saMgharSane kAraNe Arthika saMkaDAmaNa satata thayelI AthI UnaDajIe amadAvAdamAM nagarazeTha vakhatacaMda khuzAlacaMda pAsethI karaje nANuM laI kAma calAvyuM hatuM, I.sa. 1827-18 nA karnala vokaranA karAramAM UnaDajIno paNa samAveza thaI gayo hato.31

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1 6 ] ' ' ' samakAlIna rAjya [ 15 4. rAjapIpaLAnA jhAhila pratApasiMhajInA samayamAM I.sa. 1765 mAM damAjI gAyakavADe pezavAnI paravAnagI meLavI rAjapIpaLA rAjyanAM nAMdoda (ji. bharUca, tA. nAMdoda), bhAleda (tA. jagaDiyA), varITI () ane gevAlI (tA. jagaDiyA) e cAra paragaNAMmAM pitAno aDadhe bhAga TharAvyo hato. I.sa. 1764 mAM pratApasiMha avasAna pAmatAM ene pATavI rAyasiMhajI gAdIe Avyo. damAjI gAyakavADanuM lagna rAyasiMhajInA bhAInI putrI sAthe thatAM I.sa. 1781 mAM uparanAM cAre paragaNuomAMne aDadho bhAga mApha thayo ane ene badale vArSika rU. 40,000 rokaDA bharavAno TharAva thayo. A pachI pharasiMharAva gAyakavADa nAMdoda upara caDI AvatAM have rU. 49,000 bharavAno karAva thayo. I.sa. 1786 mAM rAyasiMhajI pAsethI enA nAnA bhAI ajabasiMhe rAjya jhUMTavI lIdhuM. kauTuMbika kalahane laIne rAjya dina-pratidina nabaLuM banatuM jatuM hatuM ene kAraNe khaMDaNIno AMkaDe I.sa. 1793 mAM rU. 78,000nI rakame pahoMcyo hato. vaLI sAgabArAnA vasAvA bhIla umede baMDa karI Araba tathA siMdhAonI madadathI pAMca bhileDI paragaNAM hAtha karI lIdhAM hatAM. ene putra paNa mAMDavAnA cauhANanI madada laI rAjapIpaLA para caDI Avele, paNa e ene jIvI zake nahi. pAchaLathI ene keda karI levAmAM paNa Avyo hate. I.sa. 1803 mAM ajabasiMhajI avasAna pAmatAM bIjA putra rAmasiMhajIne -vaTAvI trIjA putra nAhArasiMhajIe sattAnAM sUtra dhAraNa karI lIdhAM, paNa pAchaLathI sanyanI madadathI rAmasiMhajIe nAhArasiMhane uThADI rAjyasattA hAtha karI lIdhI. e ezaArAmI banI jatAM gAyakavADe I.sa 1805 mAM sainya mokalI, doDha lAkhanuM najarANuM vasUla karI vArSika rU. 96,000 nI khaMDaNI nakkI karI ne vadhArAmAM rU. 4,000 paNa ApavA evuM TharAvyuM. A nabaLA rAjavIthI rAjya nahi thaI zake evuM vicArI gAyakavADI sattAe ene gAdI uparathI uThADI mUkI enA putra pratApasiMhajIne sattA soMpI, jemAM bAMyadharI aMgreja sattAnI maLI. pratApasiMhajIne gAdI maLyA pachI rAmasiMhajInuM avasAna thayuM ane nAhArasiMhajIe gAdIno haka AgaLa dharyo. e paragaNAM lUMTavA lAgyo.

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196 ] sarADA kAla [= I. sa. 1813 mAM gAyakavADI lazkare AvI khAkharata karyA tyArathI rAjyakArAbAra gAyakavADI amaladAronA hAthamAM AvyA 32 6. okhAmaDaLanA vADhela vaza vADhela vajerAjajIne pozItarAnI jAgIra maLatAM ArabhaDAnA bhAga thayA. A pachI A sattAonu tihAsamAM koI viziSTa sthAna rahyuM nahi.. vAghera saradAra paNa sAmAnya garAsiyA jevA thaI gayA. I. sa. 1804 mAM vAghera saradArAe muMbaIthI nIkaLIne pasAra thatuM a Mgreja vahANu ekhA pAse lUMTyuM.. aMgrejoe vaLatara mAgyuM, paNa made caDelA vADhela ane vAgherAe darakArI karI nahi.. I.sa. 1807 mAM karnala vokare AvI humalA--daMDa bharavA kaheNa mokalyuM. a Mgrejone pahoMcI nahi zakAya ema jANI rU. 10,000 nA nakkI thayelA daMDa bharavA tee taiyAra thayA ane have ame vADhela lUMTaphATa nahi karIe evu vacana Apyu' eTale kaCla cokara daMDa lIdhA vinA pAcho cADhyA gayo, paNa pAchaLathI traNa varSa pachI lUMTaphATa zarU karavAne kAraNe amarelI khAtenA Asi. resiDanTa kaeNpTana melenTAine mukhIone kala vokare nakkI karelA daDa bharavA hukama meTyA te e vakhate varSanI trIjA bhAganI rakrama vasUla karavAmAM AvI. Ama chatAM lUTaphrATa cAlu ja rAkhavAmAM AvI tethI karnala IsTanI AgevAnI nIce a Mgrejoe emanA para humalA karyo. vAdherA hAryA, daMDanA keTalAka bhAga vasUla karAyA te a Mgrejoe samagra pradeza kabaje karI gAyaDhavADane I.sa. 1817 mAM soMpyo. A samaye mUhu mANeka dvArakAmAM sattA para hatA te hAryo. enA saradArA pakaDAI gayA ane teone amadAvAdanI jelamAM rAkhavAmAM AvyA. Ama rahI sahI sattA astAcala tarapha sidhAvI 33 7. jasadaNanA khAcara kAThI vaza jasadaNanA adhikAra bhogavatA vAjasUra khAcare I. sa. 1787 mAM ArATama (), dhaMdhukA ( tA. dhaMdhukA) ane rANapurane kara ApavAnI pharaja pADI. e pahelAM I. sa. 1781 mAM lIMbaDInA rAjavIne vAjasUra sAthe ete eka gAma ApIne saMdhi karavI paDI hatI evA e mAthAbhAre thaI paDatho hatA. uttarAvasthAmAM eNe lUMTaphATa cheDI daI potAnA rAjyane samRddha karavA tarapha dhyAna ApyuM hatuM.. I. sa. 1801 mAM navAnagaranA jAma sAthe aNabanAva thatAM vAjasUre navAnagaranA pradezane dhamareALavA mAMDayo, AthI jAme meTA rasainya sAthe AvI

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samakAlIna rAjya 1 197 jasadaNa upara humalo karyo. AvaDA moTA lazkara sAme nahi TakI zakaya mAnI vAjasUra bhAvanagara nAsI gayo, jyAM vakhatasiMhajIe ene AvakAra karyo. jAme jasadaNane lUMTayuM, bALyuM ne kabaje laI tyAM thANuM mUkI navAnagara tarapha vidAya lIdhI. e pachI jyAre ja cha jAmanA putranA lagna vakhate vAjasUre mAna koTano kile jAmane Apyo tyAre ene jasadaNa pAchuM maLyuM. pachIthI kAThIoe - bhAvanagarane vakhatasiMhajI sAme saMyukta morace mAMDavo tyAre vAjasUra ane vakhatasiMhajI vacce paNa saMgharSa thayo. e vakhate vakhatasiMhajIe cittaLa para caDAI karI hatI ane jasadaNane kabaje karI ene lUMTayuM hatuM. enuM I.sa. 1810 mAM avasAna thatAM enA pachI cele khAcara je jasadaNanI gAdIe Avyo. e saraLa svabhAvano rAjavI nIvaDavo.34 8IDarane rAThoDa vaMza I. sa. 1755 mAM marAThAone sahAya karavA jatAM mughala sattA upara marAThAono vijaya thayo ane amadAvAdamAM darabAra bharavAmAM AvyuM tyAre zivasiMhajIne paNa bolAvavAmAM AvyuM. zivasiMhajIe A prasaMge pezavAne traNa gAma ApyAM. - I. sa. 1766 mAM vaDodarAnA dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADe rahevara rAjapUto ane piLAnA rAva vagerenI uzkeraNIthI IDara upara AkramaNa karyuM tyAre sAmano karavo muzkela jaNAtAM rAva ane saradAro dAMtA ane piozInAnI vaccenA DuMgarAemAM jatA rahyA ane tyAM rahI marAThAo para hale karavA lAgyA. tyAM paNa -marAThAonI bhIMsa vadhatAM mevADa cAlyA gayA. marAThAo gAmaDAM tUTatA IDara bhaNI AvyA ane samAdhAna mATe zivasiMhajIne lAvyA. dastAveja tayAra thayo tenA para cAMdaraNInA cAMpAvata sUrajamala sivAyanAoe sahI karI. surajamale vAMcavAnA bahAne e dastAveja laI phADI nAkhyo ane e darabAramAMthI cAlyo gayo. dAjIrAve anya saradharAnI madada laI cAMdaraNI upara caDAI karI. pariNAme sUrajamala DuMgarAomAM cAlyA gayA. marAThAone ane zivasiMhajIne badhAne A dhAMdhalane kaMTALo AvatAM samAdhAna thayuM -ane zivasiMhajIe najarANunI thoDI rakama ApavAnuM kabUlI jhaghaDo zamA. marAThA pAchA te gayA, paNa amanagara moDAsA vagere saMkhyAbaMdha sthAnomAM thANAM mUkI gayA hatA. zivasiMhajIe IDaramAM sthira thayA pachI dhIme dhIme moTA bhAganAM thANu ughaDI mUkyAM. cAMdaraNInA sUrajamalane enI nimaka

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198). marAThA kAla [ pra... " halAlInI kadararUpe rAve pradhAnapaduM ApyuM. rAvane kuMvara bhavAnasiMhajIsAthe manadu:kha thayeluM tethI kuMvara surajamala pAse ja raheto. koI eka kAraNe surajamala ane kuMvarane paraspara manaduHkha thayuM. pariNAme eka prasaMge bhajanasamAraMbhamAM sUrajamalane belAvI enI hatyA karavAmAM AvI. A kAraNe. surajamalanA putra sabalasiMhe bahAravaTuM kheDayuM. chevaTe ene 12 gAma ApI. rAve samAdhAna karI ApyuM. IDaranAM ghaNAM gAma bhAyAto ane saradArane apAI gayelAM laI IDaranI sIdhI sattAmAM ceDAM ja bacyAM hatAM. AthI kuMvara bhavAnasiMhajIe eka pachI eka gAma pAchAM meLavavAno AraMbha karyo, jene kAraNe gatAne suratasiMha bahAravaTe caDyo. e ghaNo ja prAmANika hatuM eTale keTalIka bhAMjaghaDa pachI ene ene garAsa pAchA ApavAmAM Avyo (I. sa. 1785). I. sa. 179ra mAM para varSonA amale zivasiMhajInuM avasAna thayuM. enA avasAne kuMvara bhavAnIsiMhajI gAdIe AvyA, paNa bImArIne kAraNe mAtra 1ra ja divasamAM e avasAna pAmyo eTale eno kumAra gaMbhIrasiMhajI 13 varSanI sagIra vaye gAdIe Avyo. enA vAlI tarIke kAkA jalimasiMhe sattAsutra saMbhALyAM. e kumArane meLAmAM besADI rAjasiMhAsana. uparathI huka Apate enAthI bhAyAte ane saradAre nAkhuza hatA. pariNAme AMtarika vigraha zarU thaze. AvI sthitimAM kAkA saMgrAmasiMhajIe amanagara (AjanuM hiMmatanagara), jAlimasiMhajIe moDAsA ane amarasiMhajIe bAyaDamAM pitA potAnI svataMtra gAdI sthApI jamAvaTa karI lIdhI. gaMbhIrasiMhajI 18 varSane thatAM eNe gAme dabAvI beThelA kAkAone pitApitAnAM sthAna choDI daI mukhya sattAne soMpI devAnAM kaheNa mokalyAM. dAda na maLatAM eNe amanagara upara caDAI karI. AnI jANa thatAM meDAsA ane bAyaDathI jAlimasiMhajI ane saMgrAmasiMhajI amanagaranI madade deDI AvyA. aMte samAdhAna thayuM ne sau saunA paTA parano adhikAra kabUlavAmAM AvyuM. jAlimasiMhajI mAthAbhAre ha. eNe AsapAsanAM gAma kabaje karavA mAMDayAM. mAlapura uparanA vijayane kAraNe tyAM rAvaLa takhatasiMha bahAravaTe nIkaLyo. enI dhAMdhale cAlu hatI, daramyAna moDAsAnI gAdI nirvaza thatAM moDAsAne pado IDara sAthe joDAI gayo. - I. sa. 1808 mAM pAlaNapuranA rAjavI dIvAna pIrakhAna sAthe enA

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samakAlIna zo [199 bhAI zamazerakhAnajIne aNabanAva thavAthI e IDara risAmaNe AvyA, jyAM rAve Azraya ApI cAMpalapura nAmanuM gAma nibhAva mATe ApyuM. AnI jANa thatAM pIrakhAnajIe sainya mokalI IDaranI sattAnuM gaDhavADA gAma kabaje karI lIdhuM eTale rAva potAnuM sainya laI gaDhavADA poM ne e kabaje karI pAlaNapura tAbAnuM eka gAma bhAMgavA vicAra karyo. A vAta bhAyAta ane saradArone gamI nahi ane emaNe pAlaNapura sAthenA saMbaMdha na bagADavA samajhAvatAM tyAMthI ghere uThAvI laI dAMtA upara caDAI karI, AthI dAMtAne. rANe jagatasiMhajI DuMgarAmAM jaI bharAya. chevaTe salAha thatAM rU. 500 nI khaMDaNI kabUlI ane samAdhAna thatAM jagatasiMhajI dAMtAmAM AvI rahyo. gaMbhIrasiMhajInA samayamAM bIjA paNa keTalAka AMtarika jhaghaDA thayelA, je badhAnuM dhIme dhIme samAdhAna karI levAmAM AvyuM. e arasAmAM karnala belenTAIne dezamAM baMdebasta karavAnA Azaye IDaranA bhAyAtane ane saradArone sAdarA (ji. amadAvAda) mukAme belAvI IDaranI sattAne khaMDaNI ApavA samajAvyA, paNa pelA taiyAra nahetA, chatAM rAjIthI ke karAjIthI chevaTe khaMDaNI ApavAnuM kabUlyuM. 5 . 9 khIcI cauhANa vaMza 1. cheTA udepuranA khIcI cauhANa bALa rAvaLanA samayamAM Arthika saMkaDAmaNa vadhI gaI hatI, kAraNa ke rAjya pAse bacelI jamIna halakA prakAranI hatI. gAyakavADanI khaMDaNuM paNa mAMDa bharI zakAtI. enuM avasAna thatAM durjanasiMhajI gAdIe Avyo. e bAjI rAvaLano dUrane pitarAI thato hato. enA avasAne eno pitarAI bhatrIje amarasiMhajI ane enA pachI ene kuMvara abhayasiMhajI Avyo. ghaDA uparathI paDI jatAM enuM avasAna thatAM ene putra rAyasiMhajI gAdIe Avyo. 4 2. bAriyAnA khIcI cauhANa gaMgadAsajInA avasAne gaMbhIrasiMhajI, enA avasAne meTe kumAra dhiratasiMhajIne e aputra avasAna pAmatAM nAno bhAI sAhebasiMhajI gAdIe Avyo. enA samayamAM mahAdajI siMdhiyA dvArA ene mAna maLyuM hatuM. enuM avasAna thaye pATavI kuMvara jasavaMtasiMhajI sattA upara Avyo. enA samayamAM I. sa. 1803 mAM aMgrejo sAthe saMbaMdha baMdhAyo ane e Azritane daraje pAme. enA avasAne enA kumAra gaMgadAsajI 2 jAne gAdI maLI. e nabaLo

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70]. rAThA kAla [ 2: he I rAjyanI sattA enI mAtAnA hAthamAM hatI. enA samayamAM marAThA vAraMvAra humalA karI pravezatA hatA. A rAjavI pAsethI I. sa. 1805 mAM siMdhiyAnA ane heLakaranA judA judA bharAThA saradAroe sArI rakama vasUla karI hatI. 1810 thI enI pAsethI judA ja marAThA saradAre khaMDaNI vasula karye jatA hatA. I. sa. 1817 mAM nAraNadeva nAmano brAhmaNa bAriyA upara chAnomAno pitAnA nAnA sainya sAthe caDI Avyo ane rAte mahelamAM praveza karI, rAjamAtAnI hatyA karI eNe saghaLI milakata lUMTI lIdhI. gaMgadAsajI tethI pitAnA pitarAI choTA udepuranA rAyasiMhajIne Azare jaI rahyo. pAchaLathI nAraNadeva godharAnA sabA sAmenA jaMgamAM marAtAM gaMgadAsa bAriyAmAM pAchA AvI gayo. pAchalA samayamAM siMdhiyAnuM rAjya sarahada para hovA chatAM enA taraphathI koI muzkelI naDatI nahotI, UlaTuM daheda hAlela ane kAjola tAlukA siMdhiyAnI sattA nIce hatA temAMthI bAriyAne cothAI hakka vasula karavAnI saraLatA hatI. 3. mAMDavAnA khIcI cauhANa bhImasiMhajI pachI rAyasiMhajI ane mAdhavasiMhajI mAMDavAmAM I.sa. 1757 thI 1818 nA gALAmAM thayA hovAnI zakyatA che. 10. solaMkI vaMza 1. luNAvADAnA solaMkI dIpasiMhajIne gAdI maLI te ja varSamAM 1757 mAM ja pezavAnA sUbA sadAzivarAva rAmacaMdra caDAI karI, rU. pa0,000 levAnuM TharAva karI e rakama bharAI gaI tyAM sudhI ene kedamAM rAkhyo hate. I.sa. 1782 mAM enA avasAne ene kuMvara durjanasiMhajI sattA upara Avyo, je I. sa. 1786 mAM enA kArabhArI zaMkaradAse khUna karyuM ane enA sthAne enA oramAI bhAI jayasiMhajIne gAdI ApI. durjanasiMhajInuM kuTuMba bALa kumAra pratApasiMhajIne laI bhayanuM mAryuM anyatra nAsI gayuM. thoDA samaya pachI vidhavA rANIe luNAvADA AvI zaMkaradAsane khatama karAvyo ane jagatasiMhane hAMkI kADhI kumAra pratApa siMhajIne gAdIe besADayo. I. sa. 1803mAM dakSiNa gujarAtanA keTalAka pradeza aMgreja sattAe hastagata karyo tyAre A nAnA rajavADAne aMgrejo sAthe saMbaMdha zarU thayo. Azrita thatAM have eNe khaMDaNI aMgrejone ApavAnuM

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''' ] samakAlIna rAjya [ 201 tu, paraMtu lADa kAnAlise dAkhala karelI navI paddhatine kAraNe gAyakavADane ApavAnuM nakkI thayuM . I. sa. 1816 mAM vADAzineranA navAbanA savArAe luNAvADA para hallo laI jaI ene lUTayuM. e pachI I. sa. 1817 mAM dhAranA pavAranA bApu ruganAtha nAmanA saradAre 27 divasa sudhI luNAvADA para kabajo jamAvI rAkhelA ne e rU. 40,000nI khaMDaNI TharAvI e dhAra pAcho pharelA, gheADA samaya pachI hALakaranA saradAra mAnasi Mhai, siMdhiyAnA paMcamahAlanA mUbA pATaNakare, gaDanA ThAkora arjunasi MhuM ane vAMsavADAnA eka amaladAre maLIne luAvADA pAse khaMDaNI lIdhI hatI. A vakhatathI ja vIrapuramAM vAzineAra taraphathI eka lazkarI amaladAra rahevA lAgyA hatA. pratApasiMhajInA avasAne enA be putrAmAMtA nAnA putra phatehasiMhajI gAdI bathAvI paDayo hateA.39 2. vAMsadAnA sAlakI udayasi hajI I. sa. 1770 mAM aputra maraNa pAmatAM e pitarAI bhAIoe dAvA karatAM pezavAnA pradhAne karatAsaMhajI nAmanA bhAyAtane vAMsadAnI gAdI ApI. e I. sa. 1780 mAM avasAna pAmatAM ane aputra hatAM enA pitarAI bisanapuravALA jorAvarasiMhajInA vaMzaja bhAIoe dAvA karyAM. vIrasiMhajIe rU. 50,000 pezavAnA darabAramAM kharyo ane e rIte potAnA lAbhamAM phesalA meLavatAM e vAMsadAnA rAjA banyo. I. sa. 1789 mAM enu avasAna thatAM eneA nAnA bhAI nahArasiMhu gAdI meLavavA prayatna karavA lAgyo. aMte rU. 85,000 najarANuM bharIne pezavA pAsethI gAdIteA ha potAnA lAbhamAM karAvI zakayo te e rAjA banyo. I. sa. 1793 mAM enu avasAna thatAM ene kumAra rAyasiMhajI gAdIpati thayo. I. sa. 1803 mAM aMgreja sattA khaMDaNI uparAvavA hakkadAra banatAM enA Azrayane! vAMsadAne lAbha bhaMLyo. I. sa. 1815mAM saMbhavataH enA avasAne ene dUra pitarAI bhAI udayasiMhaiM dattaka-vidhAnathI gAdIe Avyo.4 11. dharmapuranA siseAdiyA rAmadeva 2 jAtu I. sa. 1764 mAM avasAna thatAM dharamadevajI gAdI para AbhyA. eNe I. sa. 1766 mAM dharamapura vasAvyu ane rAjadhAnI

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22 ] - marAThA kAla rAmanagarathI tyAM badalI. enuM I.sa. 1774mAM avasAna thatAM udayapuranA bhAyAtamAMnA sabaLasiMhajInA bIjA putra gumAnasiMhajIne vidhavA rANIe bolAvI, " nAraNadevajI" nAma dhAraNa karAvI gAdIe besADyo. e I. sa. 1777 mAM avasAna pAmatAM ene eka bhAI abhayasiMhajI "somadevajI" nAmathI gAdIe AvyuM. I. sa. 1785 mAM meTe dukALa paDatAM dukALiyAoe dharamapuramAM pesI darabAragaDha luMTI lIdhela. 1787 mAM samadevajInA avasAne rUpadevajI sattA para Avyo. I. sa. 1803 mAM e aMgreja sattAnA saMbaMdhamAM Avyo. - I. sa. 1807 mAM rUpadevajInuM avasAna thatAM vijayadevajI sattAdhIza. banyo. A rAjavI bheLo ane udAra hoI chellA divasa sudhI karajanA bhAraNamAM dabAyeluM rahetuM hatuM. enA jIvananA chevaTanA bhAgamAM muMbaInA gavarnara vacce paDI gAmanI Upaja ane bIjI gaThavaNa karI devuM vALavAmAM sahAya karI hatI.41 12pATaDInA kaNabI desAI bhAvasiMhajInA avasAne nAthubhAI pATaDInI sattA para Avyo. AnA samayamAM phattesiMharAva gAyakavADe pATaDI upara caDAI karelI. I. sa. 1796mAM nAthubhAInA avasAne vakhatasiMhajI sattA para Avyo. vakhatasiMhajI kaDInA baMDakhera sUbA mahArarAvane sahAya kare che evA vahemane laI vaDadarethI bAbAjI ApAjIne pATaDI upara humale karavA mokalyA. A sagharSamAM vakhatasiMhajIne parAjaya thayo ane vArSika rU. 5,65ra khaMDaNI ApavAnI pharaja paDI. pATaDIne aMgrejI sattA sAthe I. sa. 1807 thI saMbaMdha zarU thayo. 13. bAbI vaMza 1. jUnAgaDhanA bAbI I. sa. 1758 mAM bahAdurakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM sahuthI vaDA navAbajAdA mahAbatakhAnane gAdI maLI. mahAbatakhAne sattA upara AvatAM ja pitAnA kara ane krodhI svabhAvane para ApavAno AraMbha karyo. pariNAme eNe prajAne temaja amaladArane prema gumAvyo. eNe paheluM duSkRtya karyuM te gAyakavADanuM saunya janAgaDha para dhasI AvatuM hatuM tene khALavA majevaDI daravAjA pAse chAvaNI nAkhI paDelA saMniSTha dIvAna jagannAtha jhAlAnuM potAnA bIlAla nAmanA gulAma dorA khUna karAvyuM ane eNe jagannAthanA bhAI rudra jhAlAne temaja tenA samagra kuTuMbane keda karI tenAM makAna-milakata lUMTAvyAM e rAjyane.

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samakAlIna rAje bhAre nukasAna thaze e bhaye jUnAgaDhanA keTalAka AgevAnoe gaMDaLanA ThAkara kuMbhojIne bolAvI daramyAnagIrI ane madhyasthI karAvI jhAlA kuTuMbane mukta karAvyuM, je porabaMdara jaI rahyuM. navAbe prathama sema chakAra nAmanA nAgara ane thoDA divasa bAda dayALazeThane dIvAnagIrI ApI. navAbI kuTuMba paNa nArAja hatuM tethI navAbanAM pheI. sulatAnAe Araba jamAdAra sulemAnanI madadathI mahAbatakhAnane uparakeTanA killAmAM kedamAM mUkyo ane pitAnA pautra mujhaphapharakhAnanI junAgaDhanA navAba tarIke jAherAta karI dIdhI. rAdhanapurano navAba kamAluddIna A takane lAbha levA cAhato hato ane mahAbatakhAna tema mujhakUpharakhAnane bAjue rAkhI pitAnA putra gAjhI-ud-dInane jUnAgaDhanuM takhta apAvavA mAgato hato tethI moTuM laI eNe jUnAgaDha para rAtre AkramaNa karyuM. durgarakSakoe ene e prabaLa sAmano karyo ke e pIchehaTha karI rAdhanapura tarapha cAlyo gayo. gaMDaLanA kuMbhAjIe A take vacamAM paDI mahAbatakhAnane pheInA sakaMjAmAMthI choDAvI pharI navAbI takhta soMpyuM. pheInA pautra mujhapharakhAna ane phayAbakhAnane junAgaDha upara dAvo na karavAnI zarate rANapura covIsI temaja dhaMdhusara vagere ApavAmAM AvyAM. mahAbatakhAne bahAra AvatAM ja dayALa zeThane davAnagArImAMthI mukta karI pitAnA sainikonA pagAra cUkavavA pitAnAM ja gAmaDAMomAM lUMTaphATa karavA, mAMDI, chatAM paNa pUruM te na ja paDyuM tyAre mevAlAla munazIne dIvAnagIrI saMpI. A dIvAne rAjyataMtrane majabUta karavA prayatna karyo, paNa enI mahenatanuM kAMI pariNAma Ave te pahelAM ene rUkhasada ApI ne e sthAna navAbe pitAnA. kAkA zeramAnakhAnane ApyuM. pheI sulatAnA begamanA manamAM pUre asaMtoSa rahI gayo hato eTale thayelA samAdhAnane bAjue rAkhI verAvaLa baMdarano eNe kabaje karI lIdhe. zerajhamAnakhAnanI dAnata sArI nahotI; enI IcachA jUnAgaDhanI sattA svAdhIna karavAnI hatI tethI kAbAra kathaLAvA dIdho hato ane sulatAnA sAme kAMI ja pagaluM lIdhuM nahotuM. A takano lAbha mAMgaroLanA zekhamiyAMe uThAvI. lIdho ane prabhAsa pATaNanA desAI suMdarajI nAraNajInI sahAyathI sulatAnA pAsethI verAvaLa paDAvI lIdhuM.

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204] marAThA kAla [ 5. A vakhate mAMgaroLa(soraTha)no eka Ugate Avate nAgara juvAna amaracha kuMvarajI nANAzrI parabaMdaranA Araba jamAdAra sAlamInane vakIla - have teNe navAba pAse AvI, navAbane dAda na detA ane uparakoTamAM rahetA Araba senikone mahAta karavAnuM bIDuM jhaDapyuM. navAbane A gamyuM. amarajI porabaMdara gayo ane tyAMthI jamAdAra sAlamIna ane enA mANasone lAvI, vAghezvarI(giranAra) daravAje sara karyo ane uparakoTa upara AkramaNa karyuM. amarajInI -zakti AgaLa uparakeTanA Araba DhIlA thayA ane navAbane zaraNe AvyA. AnAthI prasanna thaI navAbe amarajIne jUnAgaDha rAjyanA senAdhyakSano hoddo Ape. have amarajIe sthAnika Araba senikonA pagAra cUkavI lAkarI taMtrane khUba vyavasthita karyuM ane pUrAM be varSa pachI verAvaLa upara caDAI karI, kille sara karI ene punaH navAbI sattA nIce AzekhaniyAM nAsI gayo ane suMdarajI desAIne keda karavAmAM Avyo. have navAbe zerajhamAna khAnane dUra karI, traNa divasa mATe paNa pArekhane, 20 divasa mATe jhaveracaMda nAmanA gRhasthane, ane eka mahinA mATe mULacaMda pArekhane dIvAnapadu ApI chUTA karI dIdhA. A takano lAbha zerajhamAM khAna levA mAgato hato. eNe sainikanI - jamAvaTa karI ane eka divasa acAnA jUnAgaDhanA killA para hale karyo. jUnAgaDhanI sIbaMdI samayasara cetI jatAM halle pAcho vALyo ane zerajhamAnakhAna nAsI chUTayo. pitAne prabaLa dIvAnanI jarUra hatI. A jarUra amarajI ja pUrI pADI zakaze e vizvAsa baMdhAtAM navAbe amarajIne dIvAnagIrI ApI. e maLatAM ja eNe dalakhANiyA (tA. dhArI), kutiyANA (tA. kutiyANA), satrApADA (tA. pATaNa-verAvaLa), devaDA (tA. kutiyANA), zIla (tA. mAMgaroLa), divAsA (tA. mAMgaroLa), mahiyArI (tA. kutiyANAane (Da)bagasarA(tA. mAMgaroLa)nA vikalA lIdhA. eNe gIramAM cheka UnA sudhInA pradeza upara navAbI ANa varatAvI. eNe saurASTranAM badhAM rAja pAsethI joratalabI nAmano vero paNa - vasUla karyo hato. bhAvanagaranA hara vakhatasiMhajInI vinaMtIthI taLAjA kile paNa amarajIe sara karyo hate. amarajInI tejasvitAne aMdarakhAnethI gaMDaLa ThAkara kuMbhanuM sahana karI

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samakAlIna rAjya [25: zakate nahote. ene pitAnA rAjya mATe bhaya hatuM tethI eNe chatrAsA (tA.. dhorAjI)nA rAyajAdA bAmaNiyone uzkerI, gAMDaLanuM sainya ApI jUnAgaDha upara caDAI karAvIne madadamAM gAyakavADanA saunyane paNa bolAvyuM. kuMbhAjIe navAbanI saMmatithI, amarajInI gerahAjarInAM, mAlAsamaDI () pAse chAvaNI. nAkhI paDelA jUnAgaDhanA rInya upara hallo karAvyo. jUnAgaDhanA sainyamAM bhaMgANa paDayuM, jamAdAra sAlamIna nAsI na zakyo tethI pakaDAI gayo. amaracha mAlAsImaDInI pAse chAvaNI nAkhI paDelA gaMDaLanA ane gAyakavADanA sainya para dhasI Avyo. kuMbhojIe bAmaNiyojIne alaga pADI lUMTano mAla tathA daMDa amarajIne ApI salAha karI lIdhI. amarajI tyAMthI chatrAsA para caDAI laI gaye ane chatrAsAne gaDha toDI pADavyo. AvA nimakahalAla ane karmaniSTha dIvAnanA tejane na sahana karanArA navAbe keTalAka AgevAnonA sahakArathI ene keda karI ene vAta karI nAkhavAnuM vicAryuM. eNe I. sa. 1769 mAM amarajInA pakSapAtI ane vikAdAra. jamAdAra sAlamInane mAMgaroLa upara caDAI laI javA vize vAtacIta karavA bolAvI eno ghAta karAvyo ane e pachI thoDA ja samayamAM navAbe amarajIne, enA bhAIone ane anya kuTuMbIjanane keda karI lIdhAM. pAMca mAsa sudhI keda rAkhyA pachI 4,000 karIne daMDa vasUla laI mukta karavAmAM AvyAM. (I. sa. 1773). daMDanI rakama pUrI na bharAya tyAMsudhI putra raghunAthajIne navAba pAse bAnamAM mUkI amarajI jetapura jaI rahyo. navAbe dIvAnagIrI bhIma nAmanA bojAne ApI. A takano lAbha mAMgaroLa(seraTha)nA zekhamiyAMe lIdho ane jUnAgaDhanAM gAmaDAM dhamaroLavAne eNe upadrava macAvyo. ene khALavA. navAbe bhIma khejAne mAMgaroLa sara karavA mUko . Araba senika sAlamInanA khUnano badale na apAya ane amarachane netAgIrI na saMpAya tyAMsudhI laDavA tayAra nahatA. navAbane bhUla samajAI gaI ane eNe amarajIne manAvI lAvI dIvAnagIrI pAchI ApI. have AvIne amarajIe sUtrApADA sara karyuM ane vAgaDa(kaccha)thI AvI pizItrA(tA. okhAmaMDaLa)nA killAmAM Azraya laI lUMTArA AsapAsanA pradeza lUMTatA hatA teone jera karavA kacchanA tathA jAmanagaranA nimaMtraNathI e tyAM gayo. daramyAna I.sa. 1774 nA chellA mahinAmAM navAba mahAbatakhAnanuM avasAna thayuM. AnA samAcAra maLatAM tAbaDatoba amarajI jUnAgaDha AvI pahoMcyo.

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-31 ] marAThA kAla [ >>. navAbajAdA hamIdakhAna 2 jAte enI ATha varSanI sagIra vaye gAdInazIna karI amarajIe rAjyanI ane rAjakuTuMbanI samagra javAbadArI uThAvI lIdhI. have jyAre karavazAt amarajI jhAlAvADa gayA hatA tyAre enI gerahAjarInA lAbha laI navAbanI mAtA subhAnakuvare vaheMcaLInA nAgerIte phADI, * ATavAnA bAbI mukhtArakhAna ane edalakhAnanI sahAyathI vaMthaLInA kilA kabaje karI amadAvAdathI pezavAnA sakhedAranI sahAya magAvI, amarajIne paNa e samAcAra pahoMcADavAmAM AvatAM e tarata ja AvI paheAMcyA ane eNe vAMcaLInA kabajo karI lIdhA. mukhtArakhAne mAphI mAgatAM ene jateA karavAmAM Avyo. A pachI pozItrAnA killAmAM rahI vAghe navAnagaranAM gAmaDAMomAM lUMTaphATa karatA hatA temanI sAme meru khavAse amarajInI madada mAgatAM amarajI potAnuM sainya laI pozItrA pahoMcyA ane eNe e killA sara karI lIdhA. A vigrahamAM kALu mera nAmanA baraDAnA lUTArA paNa mAryo gayo. amarajI eka kuzaLa yAhno hatA. eNe porabaMdaranA rANA saratAnajIne harAvyA hatA. vaLI goMDaLanA pradezane lUTI rahelA devaDAnA mAmada siMdhIne paNa harAvI devaDAne killA hAtha karI lIdhA hatA. eNe (jAma)kaDeAraNA( tA. khaMbhALiyA ) ane mevAsA( tA. okhAma`DaLa)nA killA parlR hastagata karyo hatA. saurASTramAM jUnAgaDhanI sattAne sarvopari banAvavAmAM enI asAmAnya sevA hatI. saurASTramAM amarajI muslima rAjyane sarvopari banAvI rahyo hatA tethI enuM baLa khALavA gAMDaLanA kuMbhAjIe rAjapUta rAjavIone ekatrita karI - I. sa. 1782 mAM jAmanagara haLavada porabaMdara koTaDA jetapura vagerenA hiMdu rAjavIonAM sainyAne sAthe laI kutiyANA upara haleA karyo ane jUnAgaDha para halA laI javA jetapura pAse chAvaNI nAkhI. amarajIe enI sAme mArca nAkhyA. A samaye jUnAgaDhanI duzmanAvaTamAM rAcatA khATavAnA khAkhI bhAyAtA ane mAMgarALA zekhamiyAM samAna dhyeyane kAraNe amarajInI madadamAM AvI pahoMcyA. meru khavAse amarajInA senAnIe rudrajI chAyA ane pUjArAma vasAvaDAne viSTi mATe lAvyA ane te rAte sUtA hatA tyAre e takano lAbha laI e bhAdara vaTAvI AgaLa vadhyA. amarajIne A samAcAra maLatAM eNe ene pAMcapIpaLA pAse AMtaryuM, ane sabhyo vacce bhAre prabaLa yuddha thayuM, jemAM rAjapUta rAjavIonI bhAre hAra thaI.

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5] samakAlIna rAjyo [ 207 rAjapUteAnI chAvaNI amarajInA hAthamAM AvI paDI. merue gAyakavADanI madada mAgelI te AvI te kharI, paNa pariNAma joI gAyakavADI sange cAlatA pakaDI. amarajI tyAMthI pazcima tarapha AgaLa vadhyo ane eNe kutiyANAnI pAsenA devaDAnA killo pADI nAkhyo. samayane samajI, kuMbhAjI mAphI mAgI gAMDaLa bhegA thaI gayo, meru pAsethI navAnagara tAbAnA khirasarAnA killA meLavI ene paNa javA dIdhA. dhaMdhukA ane khaMbhAta pAsethI joratalabI levAne paNa amarjIe prayatna karyo hatA. A samaye samagra saurASTramAM e sarvottama mutsaddI ane yoddhA tarIke pratiSThA pAmI cUkayo hateA. amarajIne kAI paNa rIte khatama karavA joIe. e mATe bhAjIe khuda navAba hamIdakhAnanA kAna bhabheravAnI zarUAta karI te moTI rakama ApI ene peAtAnA karI lIdhA. yuktithI navAbhe amarajIne rAjamahelamAM kheAlAvI mArA mAraphate ene dhAta karAvyA te enA kuTuMbane keda karI lIdhuM ( I. sa. 1784 ). navAbanA A kRtyathI vyAkuLa thaI Araba ane sidhI jamAdArAe amarajInA kuTuMbane mukta karavA mAgaNI karI. e vya` jatAM navAbanAM kAma karavAnA e leAkeAe nakAra bhaNI dIdhA. amarajIneA prabhAsa pATaNavALA banevI desAI bhAI khIladAsa jUnAgaDha AvyA ane kedamAM nahotAM tevAM sagAMone meArakhI mekalI ApyAM ane pote zaheAramAM chAvaNI nAkhI rahelA merArarAva gAyakavADa ane rUpAjI si MdhiyAne amarajInA khUnane khalA levA ane kuTuMbane mukta karAvI ApavA vinaMtI karI, tarata ja marAThA saradArAe jUnAgaDha tarapha kUca karI dhaMdhusara (tA. khaMbhALiyA ) najIka chAvaNI nAkhI navAbane tAkIda karI ke amarajInAM kuTubIjanene mukta karI do ane khUnanA khulAsA Ape. marAThI sainye AgaLa vadhI jUnAgaDha sAme teApA goThavI. navAe eka mAsa sudhI vATAdhATe karI amarajInAM kuTu khIjatAne mukta karyAM ane amarajInA moTA putra raghunAtharAyajIne dIvAnagIrI ApI. vaLI amarajInu navAba pAse sATha lAkha kArInuM leNuM hatuM tenI sAme UnA( tA. UnA ), delavADA (tA. UnA), mAMgarALa ( tA. mAMgarALa), zIla( tA. mAMgarALa ) ane divAsA(tA. mAMgarALa)nAM paragaNAM radhunAthajIte mAMDI ApyAM tema amarajInA bhAthA sATe verAvaLa ane kutiyANAnA kilA tathA amarajIe agAu jItelAM haLiyAda (?), bheMsANa (bheMsANa mahAla ), AMtarAlI ( tA. mAMgarALa ) ane akhAdaDa (tA. kezAda ) parata

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28 ] - marAThA kAla priApyAM. raghunAthajIe dIvAnagIrI svIkArI tyAre saiyada mesuMdIna, saiyada ahamada kAdarI, jamAdAra hayAtakhAna baleca ane purabiyA harisiMhanI bAMhedharI lIdhI hatI. raNachoDajIne mokalI marAThA subedArane paNa muktinI khAtarI karAvI. * e kAlano amarajI asAmAnya kaTine musaddI vidvAna ane kalAkovida. hato. samagra navAbI sainya enI sIdhI sattA nIce hatuM. eNe dhAryuM hota te. navAbIne jaDamULamAMthI ukheDI te sarahano zAsaka banyo hota, paNa jenuM luNa khAdhuM tenuM bUruM karavuM te nahi ja, vicAravuM paNa nahi, e nAgarI .ke eNe pitAnA chellA zvAsa sudhI prAmANikatA na choDI. e nimakahalAlInI e raghunAthajIe paNa dIvAnagIrI svIkArI. amarajI mahattvanuM kArya karI te te saurASTranAM badhAM rAjyo pAse navAbanI joratalabI prakAranI khaMDaNIne hakaka. eNe tadana nAnAM rajavADAMone A khaMDaNImAMthI mukti ApI hatI e enuM saujanya. gAyakavADI sainya pAchuM pharI jatAM jUnAgaDhanA Araba jamAdAe jUnAgaDhanA vaMthaLI daravAje chAvaNI nAkhIne paDelA navAba hAmidakhAnanA taMbunI pharate cokI besADI potAnA caData pagAra cUkavI ApavA dabANa karyuM. cAra mAsa vaTAghATa cAlI. eka divase rAjamAtA saradAra bIbI maLavA AvavAnAM che e bahAne je baMdha mAnA AvyA temAM besI navAba nAsI chUTayo. navAba raMga. mahelamAM pahoMcyo ane eNe Arabo upara hala karAvI kaMIka Arabone khatama karAvI nAkhyA. bacyA te uparakeTamAM bharAI gayA tyAM navAbe ghero pAlyo. aDadhe pagAra svIkArI Arabe tAbe thayA. raghunAthajI paNa zaktizALI beTho hato. eNe dIvAnagIrI svIkArIne tarata ja vaMthaLI tAbe karyuM ane agAu sUtrApADAmAMthI raNachoDajIne dUra karela tyAM. jaI paTaNIone hAMkI kADhI pharI raNachoDajIne soMpyuM. raghunAthajI pitAnI jema uttarottara vijaya hAMsala karato jato hato ane sainiko ene saMpUrNa vaphAdAra hatA, AthI navAbe ene dUra karavA kAvA dAvA zarU karyA, paraMtu navAba kAMI pagaluM le te pahelAM te radhunAthajIe ja rAjInAmuM ApI dIdhuM ne nivRtti lIdhI. thoDA ja samayamAM hAmidakhAnane enI gerahAjarI samajAI gaI ane ene ghera jaI, mAphI mAgI dIvAnagIrI levA samajAvyo.. | raghunAthajInI gerahAjarImAM gAMDaLanA kujIe navAba pAse enI legI thatI traNa lAkha korInI ugharANI karI, paNa navAba ApI zake ema nahatuM

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* ' ] samakAlIna rAjye [ 209 eTale e karajanA badalAmAM mAMDaLa, jetalasara(tA. jetapura), melI (tA. upaleTA) majeThI (tA. dasADA), lATha (tA. upaleTA) ane bhimArA (tA. upaleTA)na jamA eNe mApha karAvI lIdhI ane sarasAI (tA. visAvadara ) ane cAparaDA (tA. visAvadara )nAM gAmaDAM lakhAvI lIdhAM. junAgaDhanuM potAnuM rAjya gumAvyA pachI rA'nA vaMzajo kezAda ( tA. kezAda ), ceAravADa (tA. mALiyA-hATInA ) vageremAM nAnI sattA bhAgavatA hatA. te junAgaDhanI dADhamAM hatA, evAnAM kezodanA dAgAjI rAyajadAe sainya jamAvA khATavAnAM gAmaDAM lUTavA mAMDayAM tethI khATavAnA bhASI bhAyAtoe raghunAyajInI sahAya mAgI. raghunAthajIe raNacheDajIne mAlyA, khIjA paNa gayA ane dAgeAjIe tAbe thaI lUMTanA badhA mAla sAMpI dIdhA, sAthe daMDa bharavA kabUlata karI ApI. eNe rAkhelA rasainyanA pagAra e cUkavI zake ema nahetu tethI I. sa. 1788 mAM dIvAna dula bhabaMne eka lAkha kArImAM kezAda vecI nAkhyuM. pUrva mALiyAnA jaMgamAM mAryA gayelA rAyAdA sachatuM karaja bharavA enA vArasoe pArabaMdaranA rANA saratAnajIne ceAravADa vecI nAkhyuM. rANA saratAnajIne verAvaLanA pANIe AvI maLatAM I. sa. 1788 mAM verAvaLa para rANAe haleA karI e baje karI lIdhA tethI raghunAthajIe cAravADa upara hallA laI jaI rAyajAdAonI sattA nirmULa karI nAkhI ane tyAMthI AgaLa vadhI verAvaLanA kabajo karI lIdhA. rANAnI sattA coravADa ane verAvaLa uparathI sadAne mATe naSTa thaI gaI. have rANAne sajA karavAnA uddeze raghunAthajIe pArakhaMdaranA pradezamAM ghUsI jaI gAmaDAM lUMTavA mAMDayuM. rANA gabharAyo ane eNe I. sa. 1790 mAM mATu najarANuM ApI navAbanA rasainyane pAchu vALyuM. jUnAgaDha AvyA pachI sainikoe pagAra mATe takAdo karyAM, paNa navAba e cUkavI zakayo nahi tethI AkhAe navAbane raMgamahelamAM keda karI khArAka-pANI baMdha karyo. AmAMthI vaphAdAra juriyAenI sahAyathI navAba chaTakI gayo ane khAMTa ane sidhI leAkeAnuM sainya UbhuM karI eNe Aro upara humalA karyo. jUnAgaDhanA rAjamArgo upara ja bhAre jaga macI gayA. Aro hAryAM ane coravADa jaI, ene kabajo karI AsapAsanAM gAma dhamaroLavA lAgyA. dIvAne raNachoDajIne mAkalyo ane AkhAne tAbe thavA pharaja pArTI, asthira buddhinA navAme bhalabhalAone jera karI ApanArA raghunAthajIne 4-7-14

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marAThA kAla [ . I.sa. 1793 mAM keda karyo, enAM sagAMone baMdhanamAM nAkhyAM ane milakata tUTI lIdhI. raNachoDajI A samaye coravADamAM hatA ane bhAI anaMtajI UnAmAM hatA. baMnee ghaghalA (keDinAra pAse), sarasiyA (tA. dhArI), mALiyA (tA. mALiyA hATInA), kAgavadara (tA. jApharAbAda) ane AdarI(tA. pATaNa-verAvaLa). nA killAomAM lUMTa calAvI, A samaya daramyAna rasutachanA prabhAsapATaNavALA A jIbhAI desAIe lUMTaphATa na karatAM svataMtra rAjya ja jamAvavA prayatna kare joIe ema kahetAM raNachoDajIe prabhAsapATaNa upara halle karI eno kabaje karI lIdhe. raghunAthajI ane morArajIne navAbe mukta karatAM teo navAnagara cAlyA gayA, raNachoDajI paNa pATaNa choDI navAnagara jaI pahoMcyo ane tyAM jatAM mera khavAse ene jAmanI nokarImAM sthAna ApyuM. morArajI bhAvanagara gayo, jyAM ene jAgIra maLI. goviMdajInA putra maMgaLachanI sarva saMpatti lUMTAI gaI ane e ribaMdara jaI rahyo. nAgarI dIvAnagIrI e samaye Ama khatama thaI ane navAbe kalyANa zaTha nAmanA Isamane dIvAnagIrI ApI. A takano lAbha laI vakhatasiMhajIe jUnAgaDhanI sattA nIcethI kuMDalA ane rAjulA kabaje karI bhAvanagaranI sattA nIce laI lIdhAM. navAba e pAchAM meLavavA bhAvanagara tarapha dhasI gayo. DhasA AgaLa prabaLa mukAbale thayo. hArI javAnA bhaye navAbe eka lAkha paMdara hajAra rUpiyA laI e beu gAma vakhatasiMhajIne kabaje mAnya rAkhyAM. badalAmAM vakhatasiMhajIe jUnAgaDhanI joratalabI bharavAne svIkAra karyo. cittaLanA kAThIo upara vakhatasiMhe AkramaNa karyuM tyAre navAbe sainya mokaleluM, paNa e hArI nAsI AvyuM hatuM. raghunAthajI pachI kalyANa zeTha, enA pachI mULacaMda mahete, ane pharI lyANa zeka ane mAdhurAya joDiyA dIvAna thayela. I.sa 1786 mAM AbA zelakara ane 1789mAM jamAdAra amIna gAyakavADa taraphathI khaMDaNI ugharAvavA AvelA temane meTI khaMDaNI ApI pAchA vALelA. navAbe dhAMdhalapura(tA. sAyalA)nA godaDa khavaDa upara caDAI karelI temAM ene sariyAma niSphaLatA maLelI. Arthika sthiti taddana nabaLI hatI, sainikonA pagAra cUkavI zakAtA nahatA, tethI e raghunAthajIne jAte manAvavA gayo, paNa

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- * } samakAlIna rAjya ( 211 raghunAthajIe ghasIne nA pADI dIdhI. daramyAna mAdhurAya dilhI darabAramAM sAre hAduM cira thatAM have kalyANa ronA hAthamAM pUrI dIvAnagIrI AvI rahI. have I.sa. 1796 mAM kacchanA jamAdAra tehamAmada navAnagara upara meTA sainya sAthe caDAI karavA Avyo tyAre merAmaNu khavAse jUnAgaDhanI sahAya mAgI, navAM. mATI senA sAthe dahIMsarA (tA. jasadaNa) pAsenA navAnagaranA sainyane maLyo tyAM te| haLavadanA gajasiMhajInA prayAsathI samAdhAna thayuM ane sainya pAMchAM vaLI gayAM. kalyANa zenuM jUnAgaDhanI dIvAnagIrInuM gajuM nahatu tethI raghunAthajIne navAbe manAvI laI dIvAnagIrI pAchI soMpI. A vAtathI kalyANa roDa nArAja thayo ane eNe baLavA karI kutiyANAne kabajo lIdhA, ane AsapAsanAM gAmaDAM lUMTI lIdhAM. AmAM khATavAnA mukhtArakhAna bAbI paNa sahAyaka hatA. raghunAthajI jUnAgaDhathI ane raNachoDajI pArabaMdarathI moTAM sainyo sAthe Ave che enI jANa thatAM mukhtArakhAna bAbI te DhIlA thaI gayo ane eNe mAphI mAgI, kalyANa ze have ekalA paDayo. I.sa. 1801 mAM jUnAgaDhanA sainye kutiyANA para hallA karI kabaje karI lIdhuM, kalyANu zene ane enA kuTuMbane aTakAyatamAM lIdhAM. kalyANu zeSa kedI avasthAmAM maraNa pAmyo. enA putra lakSmIcaMda pAsethI coravADa ane UnAnA killA paNa jhUMTavI levAmAM AvyA. raghunAyajI ane raNachoDajI jhAlAvADamAM joratalakhI udharAvatA hatA tyAre I. sa. 1802 nA varSamAM gAyakavADI saradAra zivarAma gAradIe vAMdhA lIdhelA, paNa A te bhAIonI kunehathI sa thatA aTakI gayo. A gALAmAM mukudarAva gAyakavADe gAyakavADI sattA sAme khaDa karI amarelInA kille hastagata karI lIdhA tema vasAvaDanA desAIene keda karI lIdhA. navAe A desAIne choDAvavA mATe raNachoDajIne amarelI para dhasI javA hukama karyAM. raNachoDajIe A divasanA dhamasANane ate amarelI hastagata karyu ane desAIenI pAse A prasa Mge joratalabI svIkArAvI, I. sa. 1804 mAM gAyakavADI saradAra mAmAjIe AvI vacaLIne gherA brAyo. raghunAthajI vagere koI sahAyaka na thatAM navAe potAnA khAnagI kArabhArIne mekalI mAsanA saMdhaSa pachI vAMcaLIne kille hAtha karyo. evI sthiti prabhAsapATaNanI paNa thavAnI hatI tyAM te raNachoDajIe tyAM jaI bAbAjI sAthe salAha

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212 ] sarAmA kAla [ pra karI. ane rAjyoe desAInA hakka mAnya rAkhyA. jUnAgaDhe gAyakavADane khaMDaNI ApI. I. sa. 1806 mAM raghunAthajI ane raNacheDajI anukrame kutiyANA ane hAlAramAM rAkAyelA hAI revAzaMkara trIkamadAsa vaiSNava(A putra-pitA bane gujarAtI bhASAnA kavi hatA ne trIkamadAsa bhavAnIzaMkara tA gAyakavADatA majamUdAra paNa hatA )te rANapura ane dhaMdhukA sudhI joratalabI udharAvavA mokalye hatA. e samaye aMgreja sattAe paNa A joratalabI udharAvavAnA jUnAgaDhanA hakka mAnya rAkhyo hatA tethI e pradezamAM kAI dhAMdhala thavA pAmI nahotI. A ja varSAmAM raghunAthajI svecchAe chUTA thayA ane kutiyANA cAhyo gayA eTale revAza kara vaiSNavane navAe dIvAnagIrI ApI, paNa gheADA samayamAM mALiyA-miyANA mukAme e ja varSamAM kala vokare revAzaMkarane lAvA "seTalamenTa'' karavA carcA karI tyAMthI AvatAM revAza karate chUTA karavAmAM Avye ane viThThalarAva devAjInI sUcanA mujaba traNa jaNAne saMyukta dIvAnagIrI navAme sAMpI, raghunAthajI AmAM kayAMya vacce na Ave e mATe ene khATavA najIkanAM cAra gAmaDAM apAvyAM ane amarelI dAmanagara ane dhArImAMnA jUnAgaDhanA bhAga viThThalarAve lakhAvI lIdhA. viThThalarAvanI dAnata raghunAthajIne dUra rAkhI jUnAgaDha upara potAnI pakaDa jamAvavAnA hatA. *`la vAkarane amarajInA dIvAna putra pratye dhaNA Adara hatA. e emanuM. hita na jokhamAya e mATe sAvadhAnI rAkhatA. I. sa. 1807 mAM karnala vokara gAyakavADanA saradAra viThThalarAva sAthe khaMDaNI udharAvavA AvelA tyAre viThThalarAvane spaSTa kaheluM ke A dIvAnanA je zatru che te aMgrejonA zatru che. cAMciyAoe surata ane muMbaInAM vahANa navIbaMdara pAse lUMTatyAM hatAM. e mATe a Mgrejoe navAbaneA daMDa karI vasUla lIdhe| hatA. A samaye vaoNkare navAbane paNa seTalamenTamAM samAvI lIdhA, jemAM keADInAra amarelI ane mAMgarezaLa-nAM paragaNAMone samAveza jUnAgaDha rAjyamAM karI levAyo hatA. A karAramAM sAmela thavAthI jUnAgaDha gAyakavADI sattAnuM khaMDiyuM banI gayuM ane saurASTranAM rajavADAMomAMthI joratalabI udharAvavAnA ene hakka naSTa thayo. e samaye dariyAmAM thatI cAMciyAgIrImAMthI rakSaNa ApavAnuM, muzkelImAM

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OM huM ] samakAlIna zakhyuM [ 213 AvI paDanArAM vahANone sahAya karavAnuM ane bhAMgelAM vahANAnAM bhaMgAra upara koI paNa prakAranA hakka na karavAnuM paNa navAbane kabUlavAnu thayu. I. sa. 1811 mAM hAmidakhAnanu avasAna thatAM eneA pATavI navAbajAdo bahAdurakhAna navAbanI gAdIe Avyo. gAyakavADe bahAdurakhAnane navAba tarIke maMjUra rAkhavAnI sAthe koDInAra ane amarelImAM navAbane je bhAga hatA te paNa lakhAvI lIdhe hAmidakhAnanA avasAna samaye navA upara eka karoDa karInuM karaja hatuM. rAjyatA amIrA ane amaladArAmAM e pakSa paDI gayelA hatA, gAyakavADe sarvopari sattA prApta karI lIdhI hatI ane isTa inDiyA *'panInI sattA sA-bhauma darajaje nakkI thaI cUkI hatI. AvA sa MjogeAmAM rAjyanI dIvAnagIrI paNa koI samarthAM musaddInA hAthamAM hovI joIe e mATe raghunAthajIne kaheNu meAkalavAmAM AvyuM, paNa eNe raNachoDajIne mokalyo. pachIthI prabaLa dabANa jatAM raghunAyajI Avyo ane eNe dIvAnagIrI svIkArI. I. sa. 1812 mAM kaipTana kauka ane phattesiMharAva gAyakavADa khAMDaNI ugharAvavA saurASTramAM AvyA ane teoe jUnAgaDha najIka lAlavaDa gAme chAvaNI nAkhI, navAbane gAdIe AvyA badala najarANuM bharI javA kaheNa mokalyuM. dIvAna raghunAthajIe A navA prakAranA karatA inkAra karyo ane vizno-ADoza nAMkhI saMyukta sainyane AgaLa vadhatuM aTakAvyuM. raghunAyanI pratiSThAne dhyAnamAM laI kaeNpTane karnAke samAdhAnanA saMdezA mokalyo te vArasa-najarANAnI gAyakavADanI mAMgaNI pAchI kheMcAvI lIdhI, pazu jamAdAra mukhAsananI khAmIthI keADInAra ane amarelI vizenA lakhANa para raghunAthaMjInI jANa bahAra navAbanI sahI rAvI levAthI raghunAthajIne paNa mAThuM lAgyuM. enI prasannatA mATe aMgrejI sattA ane gAyakavADanI sa MmatithI navASe raghunAthane vADAsaDA( tA. mANAvadara), mesavANa ( tA. kezAda ), khAgezrI( tA. kutiyANA ) ane IzvariyA( tA. kutiyANA ) vaMzapara MparAgata inAmamAM ApyAM. I. sa. 1811 thI 1819 sudhInAM varSa seAra upara aneka kudaratI AphatamAMthI pasAra thayAM. have jamAdAra umara mukhAsananI casamapozIne kAraNe vikramarAva devAjI jUnAgaDhanA rAjyata MtramAM hastakSepa karavA lAgyo. A paristhitimAM raghunAthajI ane raNachoDajIne jUnAgaDhamAM vadhu rahevu yogya lAgyuM nahi ane nAnA bhAI

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ra14] marAThA kAla dalapatarAma gujarI jatAM baMne bhAI mere saMgha kADhI yAtrAe nIkaLI gayA. pravAsamAM emane aneka ThekANe rAjarajavADAMo vagere taraphathI sakAra thayo hato. pAchA AvyA tyAre jamAdAra umara mukhAsana joradAra thaI paDyo hato. eNe raghunAthajIne karaja peTe maLeluM kutiyANA jhUMTavI lIdhuM. raghunAthajIne hatuM ke kaMTana belenTAIna AmAM sahAyaka banI kutiyANuM pAchuM apAvaze, paNa saMmati maLI nahi. - umara mukhAsananuM jora eTaluM vadhyuM hatuM ke eNe navAbanA raMgamahelamAM pisI, bAtha bharI navAbane keda karI lIdhuM ane bIjo Araba talavArathI ghA karavA gayo paNa e vakhate be Araba jamAdAe navAbane bacAvI lIdho. navAbe belenTAInane phariyAda lakhI melatAM tAbaDatoba dIvAnagIrIne havAle raghunAthajIne ApavAnuM jaNAvyuM, paNa mukhAsana mAthAbhAre thaI gayo hato tethI ene jera karavA aMgrejo pAsethI larakarI madada mAgavAmAM AvI. e mATe kepTana esTana Avyo ane eNe mukhAsanane keda karI, ejatI karI hadapAraka karyo. navAbe raghunAthajI ane raNachoDajIne joDiyA dIvAna banAvyA. thoDA samaya pachI kacchane zAha sedAgara suMdara zivajI jUnAgaDhamAM AvI rAjayanI dIvAnagIrI levAnA kAmamAM paDavo. puSkaLa pralebhano ApI, gayelAM. gAmokillAo-paragaNAM vagere pAchAM meLavI ApavAnI vAta karI navAbane palALyo, eTaluM ja nahi, vADAzineranuM rAjya paNa kAkAe dabAvI lIdhuM che. te pAchuM meLavI ApIza, vaLI dIvAna ane musaddIoe navAbanA hakka DubAvI merI merI milakata ane saMpatti jamAvI che teonI pAsethI pacAsa lAkha kerI jeTale daMDa vasUla karAvI daIza, tema mAMgaroLa khAlasA karI janAgaDhanI. riyAsatamAM meLavI ApIza, evAM baNagAM phUMkyAM. navAbe AvAM pralebhanethI raghunAthajI ane raNachoDajIne dIvAnagIrImAMthI mukta karyo ne I. sa. 1818 ne varSamAM suMdarajIne dIvAnagIrI ApI. suMdarajIe amallAha ane mugaTarAma. bakSIne pitAnA pakSamAM lIdhA ane belenTAInane Teke meLavI raghunAthajInA pakSanA be adhikArIone keda pakaDI, amarullAhane dIvAnapada apAvI sarva sattA pitAnA. hAthamAM lIdhI.43 2. rAdhanapuranA bAbI kamAluddInanA samayamAM koI zaMbhurAma ane eka rohila paThANe marAThAo, sAme uThAvelA baMDamAM kamAluddIna paNa sAmela hate evA zAkathI marAThAoe

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samakAlIna rAjya samI (ji. mahesANA), rAdhanapura (ji. banAsakAMThA) ane muMjapura sivAyanAM bAkInAM paragaNAM pAchAM laI lIdhAM. I. sa. 176pa mAM kamAluddInanA avasAne meTe kumAra gajuddInakhAna gAdIe Avyo. enA 48 varSonA rAjyakArobAramAM rAjya upara karajo bhAre beja AvI paDyo hato. enA I.sa. 1813mAM thayelA avasAne meTe kumAra zerakhAna sattA upara Avyo ane taratamAM ja aMgrejI sattA sAthe saMbaMdha baMdhAyo. thayelA karAra pramANe have gAyakavADane rAjyanA kArobAramAM kaI jAtanI Dakhala karavAnuM raheluM nahi; eTaluM ja ke koI sagA ke itara sattA rAjyane takalIphamAM muke tyAre sahAya karavAnI janmedArI aMgrejonI rahI.43 3. vADAsinoranA bAbI bAbI jApharakhAnanA be putromAMnA salAbata muhammadakhAnane mughala sattA taraphathI prathama gohilavADamAM ane pAchaLathI viramagAmamAM sUbedArI maLI hatI. pachIthI ghoghA (ji. bhAvanagara) ane vADAzinera(ji. kheDA)mAM jAgIra maLI hatI. A rIte bAbIono vADAzinera sAthe saMbaMdha zarU thayo hato. enA I.sa. 1730 mAM thayelA avasAne enA putra muhammada bahAdura(zerakhAna)ne pilAja gAyakavADe abhayasiMha rAThoDane mArI nAkhI vaDedarAno adhikAra sepele, paraMtu pachIthI pilAjInA bhAI mAdhajIe jaMbusara (ji. bharUca) AvI, vaDodarA kabaje karI muhammada bahAdurakhAnane dUra karyo ane e pAcho vADAsinora AvI gayo. ene seraThanA sUbedAre bolAvI ne rInA badalAmAM seraThanI jAgIramAM aDadhAM paragaNAM ApyAM (I. sa. 12738-39 ). A pachI thoDA ja samayamAM soraThanI sattA pitAnA hAthamAM karI, I. sa. 1757mAM dilhIthI taddana svataMtra thaI eNe junAgaDhamAM bAbI vaMzanI sattA sthApI. vaLate varSe "bahAdurakhAna' nAmathI sattA upara Avela muhammada bahAdura(zerakhAna)nuM avasAna thatAM meTa navAbajAde mahAbatakhAna jUnAgaDhamAM gAdIe Avyo ane nAnA bhAI saradAra muhammadakhAne vADAzineramAM svataMtra bAbI sattAne AraMbha karyo. marAThAo sAthe ene meLa nahotuM eTale pezavAnA saradAra sadAziva rAmacaMdra vADAsinora para caDAI karI khaMDaNI kabulAvI hatI. I.sa. 1760mAM senApati bhagavaMtarAve vADAzinara kabaje karI lIdhuM hatuM, paNa bIje varSe khaMDaNI ApavI kabUla karavAthI navAba muhammadakhAnane vADAzineranI sattA pAchI meMpI hatI. A navAbanA avasAne ene putra jamiyatakhAna ane enA avasAne ene kumAra salAbatakhAna gAdIe AvyA. enA samayamAM pezavA ane gAyakavADe

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[ 5. 217 ]. marAThA kAja aMgrejone vADAzinera uparanuM sArvabhaumatva soMpI ApyuM hatuM. A rIte zivAne hakka I. sa. 1768 mAM vadhIne vArSika rU. 10,000ne thayele te I. sa. 1818 nA varSamAM kaMpanI sarakArane maLe. AmAM I. sa. 1813 nI sAlamAM gAyakavADane aMgreja sattA nIce rU. 36 01-00 ne hakka nakkI thayela te paNa sAmela hatA.45 (4) bAMTavA-mANAvadara-saradAragaDhanA bAbI zerakhAna bAbI I. sa. 1737-38 mAM soraThI-jUnAgaDha pradezanA keTaleka aMze eka sattAdhIza banyo hato tyAre enA dilerakhAna ane zerajamAnakhAna e bhAIoe jUnAgaDhanA pradezamAM bhAgano hakaka rajU karyo tyAre salAmatI na jokhamAya mATe eNe bAMTavA tathA lIMbuDA paragaNAnAM 84 gAma ane thANadevaDInAM 24 gAma teone kADhI ApyAM. I.sa. 1749 mAM e baMnee DayA (tA. gaMDaLa) , trAkuDA (tA. goMDaLa) ane carakhaDI (tA. gaMDaLa) e traNa gAma paNa dabAvI kabaje karI lIdhAM hatAM. Ama chatAM paNa asaMtoSa rahetAM jhaghaDo vaMzaparaMparAgata cAlu ja rahyo hato. A paragaNAonI AbAdI A baMne bhAIoe I. sa. 17para mAM bAMTavA AvI zarU karI; pelAM vadhArAnAM traNa gAma goMDaLane suparata karI dIdhAM. I.sa 1770 mAM A baMne bhAIoe pitAnA bhAgonI vahecaNI karI, jemAM mANAvadara paragaNAnAM gAma alaga karAvI dilerakhAne vahIvaTa zarU karyo. jyAre gIdaDa pAchaLathI cheka I. sa. 1898 mAM "saradAragaDha) ane bAMTavA paragaNuone vahIvaTa zerajamAnakhAne zarU karyo. Ama be zAkhA alaga paDI. hajI keTalAMka gAma majanU hatAM temAMnAM keTalAMkanI vaheMcaNI I. sa. 1746 mAM thayelI. 1779 mAM zerajamAnakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM sahiyArI sattA enA beu putro edalakhAnajI urphe zerakhAnajI ane mukhatyArakhAnajInA hAthamAM hatI. I.sa. 1812 nA varSamAM beu vacce bhAga paDatAM bAMTavA-hisso alakhAnajInA hAthamAM AvyuM. Ama bAMTavAnI zAkhA banI. mukhatyAra khAnanA hAthamAM gIdaDa paragaNuM AvyuM. enuM I. sa. 1811 mAM avasAna thatAM enI hayAtImAM I. sa. 1805 mAM gujarI gayelA zAhajAdA salAbatakhAnane zAhajAde nathakhAna sattA para Avyo. Ama gIdaDanI zAkhA thaI.

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samakAlIna zA [ ra17 . mANAvadara paragaNuM dilerakhAnane maLeluM. enA pachI saradArakhAna ane gajanapharakhAna eka pachI eka sattAdhIza banyA. Ama mANAvadara zAkhA banI. 13. mAMgaroLa(soraTha)nA kAjhIzekha A pUrve (caM. 6, . 154) ApaNe joyuM ke zekhamiyAMe mAMgaroLamAM - I.sa. 1748mAM svataMtra sattA sthApyA pachI I.sa. 176ramAM verAvaLano kille sara karyo hato. e pachI eNe eravADa kezeda keDInAra mALiyA (hATInA) -ane bAMTavA upara caDAI laI jaI tyAM pitAnI jamAbaMdI nAkhI hatI. I.sa. 1771 mAM junAgaDhanA dIvAna amarajIe mAMgaroLa upara caDAI karI mAMgaroLa paragaNAmAMthI aDadho bhAga navAba mATe lIdho hato. zekhamiyAM saMyogane pArakhanAra musadI yoddho hato. ene pitAthI prabaLa lAgatA lakarI baLa pAse jhUkI jatAM paNa vAra na lAgatI. taka maLe tyAre mAthuM UMcakI gAmonAM gAma kabaje karavAmAM paNa e evo ja capaLa hatA. raNachoDajI noMdhe che ke 8 gAma bAMTavA sAthe joDI devAmAM AvyA chatAM zekhamiyAMne tAbe ra81 gAma hatAM.47 I. sa. 1776 mAM eNe ribaMdaranA rANunI sattA nIcenA navIbaMdarane kabaje laI tyAM pitAnuM thANuM mUkyuM hatuM, jyAre porabaMdaranA rANue "jamA " cUkavavAnuM kabUla karyuM tyAre pitAnuM thANuM eNe upADI lIdhuM hatuM. A vakhate gAMDaLanA kuMbhojIe rANAne madada karI hatI. I. sa. 1774 mAM zekhamiyAMe mAthuM UcakatAM jUnAgaDhanA navAbe bhIma bejAne mokalele. enuM na cAlatAM navAbe - jAte caDAI karI, paNa e na phAvyo. pariNAme nekarI uparathI utArI mUkelA amarajIne bolAvyuM. mAMgaroLa najIka amaracha AvI pahoMcyAnA khabara maLatAM ja zekhaniyAe meLavelI lUMTa ane daMDa rajU karI kAyamI khaMDaNI ApavI svIkArI lIdhI.48 - zekhamiyAMe 1776 mAM sarasiyA (tA. dhArI ) upara caDI jaI vijaya meLavele, te 1779 mAM prabhAsapATaNane kille sara karI 14-15 varSo sudhI - tAbAmAM rAkhyo hato. eNe dIva najIkanA mAMDavI(tA. gAriyAdhAra)nA killA para vijaya meLavI, chatanA nizAna tarIke tyAMnA killAnAM bAraNAM lAvI mAMgaroLanA bahAranA koTanA uttara daravAjA para lagAvyAM hatAM. e samayathI e daravAje "mAMDavI daravAjo" kahevA Avyo che. - I.sa. 1784 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM eno pautra zekha badaruddIna mAMgaroLanI gAdie Avyo. thoDA ja samayamAM pATaNanA ane bIjA kAjhIeAe mAMgaroLamAM

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218 ] caNA kAya [... hullaDa kareluM. zekhe I. sa. 1791mAM cAravADa upara caDAI karelI. I.sa. 1793 prabhAsapATaNa upara caDAI karI rathanika pANI sipAIonI madadathI haMmeza mATe e hastagata karI lIdhuM. I.sa. 1794 mAM mAMgarALa ane pArabaMdaranI sattAe vacce ekabIjA sAme hathiyAr na upADavAnA karAra thayA. jyAre I.sa. 1797 mAM mALiyAnA hATI ane jUnAgaDhanI sattA vacce laDAI thaI tyAre khate sattAoe mAMgarALanI madada mAgelI. I.sa. 1798 mAM mAMgareAnA sainye navAnagaranA jodhapura upara caDAI karI tyAre meru khavAsa madhyasthI banatAM gherA uThAvI levAmAM AvyA hatA. I.sa. 1803 mAM malhArarAva gAyakavADe saurASTranI khaMDaNI udharAvavA sainya melela. eNe I.sa 1804 nA varSAmAM mAMgaroLa pAse caDelI traNa varSanI khaMDaNI sAmaTI vasUla karI hatI. I.sa. 1807 mAM jUnAgaDha ane mAMgareALa vaccenAM majamU paragaNAMnAM gAmeAnI vasUlAta ane bIjI khAkhatA mATe karAranAmAM thayelAM. A varSamAM rANA kaDaiAraNA ( rANAvAva mahAla ) upara makarANIoe humalA karatAM pArakhaMdaranA rANAe mAMgarALanI madada mAgI hatI. 1808 mAM kanaCla vaoNkaranA ' seTalamenTa 'mAM zekha badaruddInane aneka vAra patra lakhI kheAlAvelA, paNa e gayA nahi, pariNAme jUnAgaDha bAMTavA-mANAvadara-gIdaDa jevuM ja mAMgarALa paNa tAbAnu jAgIradArI paragaNu che ema lakhAvI lIdhuM, pariNAme e peTArAjya ja rahyuM; jo ke zekhAe A haMmeza asvIkAra karyo hateA.49 AA ja varSamAM jUnAgaDha mAMgarALa ane gAMDaLa sAthe ekabIjAne madada karavA mATe karAra karyA hatA. A samaye maMdaranA bhAr hAlAjIe pitA sAme mAthuM UMcakaryu hatuM. ene uzkaranArA karazana nAmanA khavAse rAjamahela paNu kabaje 'karI lIdhA hatA. enI sAme rANAe bhAMgarALanI sahAya mAgI hatI. kevadarAnA rAyajAdA vAdhAjI goMDaLane pajavatA hatA tenI sAme mAMgarALanI sahAya mAgavAmAM AvI hatI. I. sa. 1815mAM zekha badaruddInanuM avasAna thatAM enA zAhajAdo bAvAmiyAM gAdIe AvyA. zekha badaruddIna enA pitA jevA. bahAdura hatA. eNe mAMgarALa rAjyane potAnA samayamAM samRddha banAvyuM hatu..pa 14. pAlanapuranA hatANI va'za dIvAna bahAdurakhAna ( i. sa. 1744-1782) pAlanapuranA hetANI vaMzamAM dIvAna bahAdurakhAna I. sa. 1744 mAM satA. para AvyA hatA. moTA bhAI usmAnane thADA mulka ApI saMtApa ApelA..

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6 ThThuM ;] samakAlIna rAjyA . e mAthAbhAre hatA tethI bahAdurakhAne ene jhera apAvI marAvI nAkhelA ane pachI enI jAgIra para hAtha nAkhelA. dAMtAnA karaNasiMhanI jAgIra usmAnakhAte laI lIdhelI hAI e meLavavA karaNasiMhe peAtAnI bahenabahAdurakhAnane paraNAvI ane usmAnakhAne sudANAnA TAkAra amarasiMhane dAMtAnI jAgIra se MpI hatI te hAtha karI. dAMtAmAMthI paravArI bahAdurakhAne sebharapAdharanA zerANI pANeAnI jAgIra kabaje karI. e pachI bIjI rANInA pitA malANIsAnA jAgIradAra akherAjanI. gIra paNa kabaje karI. e uparAMta khIjAM paNa gAma kabaje karyAM. dhAnerA ane tharAda kabaje karI. riyAsatamAM sArI vRddhi karI. ( 219 I. sa. 1758 mAM pezavAnA senApati sadAziva rAmacaMdra pAlanapura para caDAI karI bahAdurakhAnane najarANAnI rakama ApavA pharaja pADI. pAlanapura rAjye caDela najarANuM samayasara na meDhalavAthI damAjI gAyakavADa bahAdurakhAnanA samayamAM ja caDI AvelA. tenI sAme salImakhAna gayelA, paNa e hArI javAthI eNe moTI rakama ApavI paDI hatI. I.sa. 1782 mAM bahAdurakhAnanuM avasAna catAM eNe jamAvelAM samRddha riyAsata para ene pATavI dIvAna salImakhAna AvyA. dIvAna salImakhAna ( I. sa. 1782-1985) salImakhAna asthira ane nabaLA manane hAvAthI enI eramAna mAtA, dAMtAvALI ArajIbAIe salImakhAnanA pATavI zerakhAnaneA hakka DubADI enAthI nAnA bhAyajhIdakhAnane pATavI banAvaDAbyA. pariNAme kuTuMbamAM AMtarika kaleza zarU thayA. e kalezathI ke TALI zerakhAna pAlanapura cheADI gayA. daramyAna salImakhAnanI khamArI vadhI tethI enI tabiyata jovA zerakhAna. AvyA tyAre eNe eramAna mAtAnI viruddha jaI zerakhAnane pATavI nImyA ane I. sa. 1785 mAM salImakhAnanu avasAna thatAM zerakhAna sattA para AvyeA.. dIvAna rorakhAna ( I. sa. 1785-1792 ) zerakhAna sattA upara AvatAM AMtarika khaTapaTane khALI zakavA samartha thayA.. eNe viAdhIone jera karyo. gALAnA eka vizadhI jAgIradAra mujAhida-khAnanI madade gAyakavADI lazkara Avelu tenI sAthe zerakhAnane yuddha thayuM temAM ene vijaya thayA. munnahiHkhAnanA maraNa pachI eNtA putra usmAnakhAnaH gALAne jAgIradAra thayA teNe mAthuM U McakatA rorakhAne ene hAra ApI tethI e

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220 ] marAThA kAla [pra. IDara tarapha cAlyA gaye. A rIte jAgIranI AMtarika khaTapaTo para paNa zerakhAne TalAka aMze vijaya meLavyuM. A daramyAna I. 1788 mAM pezavAnI senAne saradAra zivarAma gArathI najarANuM ugharAvate saurASTramAMthI pAlanapura AvI pahoMcyo. zerakhAne e majabUta sAmane karyo ke gAradIne cAlyuM javuM paDayuM. zerakhAna nAnI vayamAM madhupramehane bhega bane ane I. sa. 1792 mAM avasAna pAme. dIvAna samazerakhAna (I. sa. 1792-1796). zerakhAna aputra maraNa pAmatAM enI bahena sonabubue potAnA putra mubArIjhakhAnane gAdI apAvavA prayatna karyo, paNa emAM ene niSphaLatA maLI ane hatANa vaMzanA geLAnA sadgata jAgIraghara usmAnakhAnane putra samazerakhAnane saradAra ane prajAe rAjyanuM sukAna soMpyuM. keTalIka AMtarika khaTapaTane kAraNe e DIsA rahetA hatA. saradAroe yuktithI ene pAlanapura belAvI rAjyano havAle Apa. pachIthI pAlanapuranI senAnA jamAdAra ane samazerakhAnajI vacce aNabanAva thatAM samazerakhAnajI pAlanapura cheDI DIsAmAM jaI rahyo. dIvAna parejakhAnajI (I. sa. 1796-1812) phakhAna ra jAnA putra pIrejakhAnajIne jamAdAroe salAha karI vAsaDethI bolAvI samazerakhAnajIne ThekANe pAlanapuranI gAdIe besADyo. eNe mepaDA mukAme gAyakavADanI phoja khaMDaNI levA AvI hatI tenI sAme yuddha ApI phojane hAMkI * kADhI hatI. samazerakhAnajI sAthe paNa keTalIka vAra yuddha khelavAM paDyAM hatAM. jemAM ene vijaya maLyA karyo hate. pIrAjakhAnane I.sa. 1809-1810 mAM prathama vAra gAyakavADa dvArA kaMpanI sattA sAthe saMbadha zarU thayo hate. enuM 1812mAM jamAdAe sisarANAnA jaMgalamAM laI jaI dagAthI khUna karI nAkhyuM hatuM. dIvAna phakhAnajI ( I. sa. 18ra thI 854) pIrojakhAnajInuM khUna thatAM ene putra phirokhAnajI 13 varSanI kAcI vaye gAdI para Avyo. e sagIra heI sattAsatra jamAdAranA hAthamAM hatAM. - taka joI pharakhAnane keda karI jamAdAroe samazerakhAnajIne DIsethI belAvI lAvI gAdInazana karyo eTale mukta thayelA pharakhAnajIe gAyakavADa dvArA kaMpanI sattAnuM rakSaNa mAgyuM tyAre gAyakavADa ane aMgreja lazkara pAlanapura dhasI AvyuM ane pharakhAnajIne gAdIe besADI samazerakhAnajIne vAlIpade nIme (I.sa. 1914), paraMtu AgaLa jatAM samazerakhAnajIe

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samakAlIna rAje [ 21. TharAvano bhaMga karyo tethI pharakhAnajIe pharI kaMpanI sattAne araja karI(1816) eTale gAyakavADa ane aMgreja ja pharI AvI. samazerakhAnajI thaDe bacAva karI nAsI gayo ane pharakhAnajI 1818 mAM saMpUrNa sattAdhArI banyA. kelakarAranI rUe. aMgreja resiDanTa A varSathI pAlanapuramAM Avyo ane enuM thANu zarU thayuM.. 15. khabhAtane navAbI vaMza bhagavaMtarAva sAthenA saMdharSane kAraNe meminakhAna bhAre Arthi saMkaDAmaNamAM AvI gayuM hatuM. eNe lazkaranA caDelA pagAra cUkavI ApavAnI daSTie eka TukaDI mokalI lIMbaDInAM gAmaDAM lUMTI pagAra cUkavI ApyA.. e pachI ghoghA upara halle karI e hastagata karyuM ane tyAM thANuM mUkyuM.. e mArgamAMnAM gAmaDAMomAMthI pezakadamI udharAvato Avyo. be amaladAro. saurASTramAM AgaLa vadhyA ane lUMTa meLavI ekalI tyAre lakaranA caDelA pagAra cUkavI zakAyA. eNe peTalAda paNa humale karyo ane dUra sudhI. nAM gAmomAMthI nANAM ekatrita karyA. dazAMza jakAtamAMthI bacavA khaMbhAtanA vepArI jaMbusara mAla utarAvatA. A mATe dehavANanA keLIone lUMTamAM bhAga ApavAnI zarate belAvI e jabusara para caDAI laI gayo ne bhAre jalpa karI eNe ghaNI moTI lUMTa meLavI. mominakhAnano Dara tema kaDapa evAM. prabaLa hatAM ke peTalAda paragaNAnAM gAmanA mukhIoe marAThAone. ApavAnI pezagIne ce bhAga mominakhAnane ApavA kabUleluM. meminakhAna berasadane paNa lUMTavA cAhato hato, paNa vaDedarAthI sanya AvI pahoMcatAM. ene khaMbhAta cAlyuM javuM paDeluM. I. sa. 1756 mAM thayelA bhAre varasAdane kAraNe amadAvAdanA keTanI dIvAlamAM aneka ThekANe gAbaDAM paDI gayelAM. mominakhAna luMTathI mAladAra, banatAM enI mahattvAkAMkSA vadhI ame amadAvAdamAM zrIpatarAve mUkelA rAjInuM khUna thatAM amadAvAda reDhuM paDeluM eTale DabhoInA koLIonI madadathI e amadAvAdamAM peThe ane bhAre lUMTa calAvI eNe amadAvAdane kabaje laI. lIdhe. jema gheravA para vijaya meLavatAM dilhIthI bAdazAhe talavAra bheTa. mekalelI tema amadAvAda sara karatAM enI tArIpha karI. amadAvAdamAM pitAne pratinidhi mUkI e khaMbhAta Avyo. A gALAmAM javAmardakhAna bAbI ane marAThA saradAra sadAziva dAmodara bhaLI khaMbhAta tarapha vadhyA. ene mominakhAna. taraphathI prabaLa sAmano thayo temAM meminakhAnane vijaya thayo. pAchaLathI pezavA sAthe salAha thatAM meminakhAnane amadAvAda ane ghoghA jatAM karavAM paDayAM ane enI pAse mAtra khaMbhAta rahyuM (I.sa. 1758). mominakhAne eka vAra pezavAne

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-1rara] marAThA kAla [ . ; khaMDaNI na ApavAthI sadAzivarAva caDI AvyuM. vIza hajAra pezakaza laI , eNe ghere uThavyo. momina khAnane suratanI aMgrejI koThInA kepTana sAthe maitrI thayelI e kAraNe - surata sudhI jaI tyAMthI aMgrejI vahANa dvArA e muMbaI gayo ane tyAM puNemAM zivAne AdarasatkAra pAmyo. bhAna laI be mahine e pAcho e ja rIte parata AvI gayele (I. sa. 1760). momibhakhAne vArSika rU. 84,000 nI khaMDaNI pezavAne Apato hate. I. sa. 1761 mAM ahamadazAha abdAlIne hAthe pANIpatanA chelA yuddhamAM marAThAonI bhAre moTI hAra thavAthI dilhInI bAdazAhatamAM tharDa jera AvyuM hatuM eTale gujarAtamAMthI marAThAone hAMkI ( kADhavA mATe emanakhAnane kahevAmAM AvyuM. sahAya mATe bAdazAha taraphathrI sanya AvI rahyuM che e AzAe meminakhAna ane bharUcanA navAba sAthe maLI jaMbusarano kabaje karI lIdhuM. abdAlI hiMda cheDI jatAM marAThAomAM pAchuM - baLa AvyuM hatuM eTale gujarAtanI paristhiti jANavAmAM AvatAM pezavAe sadAziva rAmacaMdrane ravAnA karyo. dabhAi gAyakavADanI sahAyathI caDI AvI eNe khaMbhAta coryAsI paragaNAnAM gAma luMTI pradezane tArAja karI nAkhyo. thayelA ' yuddhamAM momina khAnane parAbhava thayo. bAdazAhI lakara AvyuM nahi ane salAha karavI paDI; be varSathI nahi ApelI khaMDaNI cUkate karavI paDI. dhIme dhIme mominakhAna sakhata rIte nANAMnI bhIDamAM AvavA lAgyo. e bhIDa TALavA eNe prajA upara ja bhAre verA nAkhyA, pariNAme vidvAna brAhmaNo te surata tarapha aMgrejonA AzramamAM jaI rahyA. prajA pAsethI je -rakama maLI te mAtra be lAkhanI hatI. - I.sa. 1766 mAM keLIo ane kAThIone khaMbhAtane bhAre trAsa bhogava paDyo hato, AmAMthI bacAvavA khaMbhAtanI hadamAMthI na lUTe e zarate pasAra thavAnuM ane dara varSe rU. 4,000 kaLIone ApavAnuM momIna khAnane kabUla karavuM paDyuM. dAmAjIrAvanA avasAne pezavAno bhAga aDadhe hatA te - have cotha thaI gayo. - I.sa. 1771 mAM aMgrejoe keLI cAMciyAo pAsethI taLAjAno kile ane baMdara jItI lIdhAM hatAM te meminakhAne rU. 75,000 mAM vecANa lIdhAM, evI zarate ke e kaMpanI sattA vatI meminakhAna sAcave ane kaMpanInI rajA vinA koIne Ape nahi, lazkaranA hetuo jarUra paDatAM A baMnene kaMpanI

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1] samakAlIna rAjya [223 upayoga karI zake. be varSa sudhI potAnA havAlAmAM rAkhyA pachI kaMpanInA kahevAthI bhAvanagaranA rAjavIne taLAjA sAMpI devAmAM AAvyuM. I.sa. 1772 thI 1782 sudhInAM dasa varSoMne khabhAtanA vahIvaTa meminakhAnanA nAyaba mirajhAM temananA hAthamAM rahyo hatA. A gALAmAM khaMbhAta dhIme dhIme UbhuM thavA lAgyuM hatuM. dasa varSonA A zAMtinA gALAmAM mAminakhAne marAThAonI rAjakhaTapaTamAM bhAga lIdhelA. damAjI gAyAvADanA putronI khaTapaTamAM pezavAe damAjInA avasAne khIjA putra gAvidarAvatA pakSa lIdhA teA nAnA phosiMharAve moTA putra sayAjIrAvanA nAyabanI pharaja bajAvatAM sayAjIrAvatA pakSa lIdhA; mAtrinakhAne rosi MharAvane dU| ApI, pariNAme ene pezavA sAthenA saMbaMdha vasyA. jyAre raghunAtharAya pezavA hAra khAI khaMbhAta tarapha AvyA tyAre ene Azraya na ApavAthI e bhAvanagara thaI muMbaI tarapha cANyA gayelA. meAbhinakhAte karelA A apamAnanA balA levA I.sa. 1774 mAM aMgrejonI madadathI raghunAtharAva khaMbhAta AvyA, paNa gujarAtamAM virAdhI eka bIjI sattA hovI joIe e dRSTie meAminakhAna sAme rASa na rAkhavA raghunAtharAvane samajAvavAmAM AvyA. thoDA samaya pachI aMgrejonI rAjanItimAM palaTA AvyA ane phattesiharAva sAmenA virAdha che|DI dIdhA. a MgrejonI lAgavaga UtarI gayA pachI meAminakhAne phosi harAvanI sAthe pharI salAha karI gAviMdarAva sAthe laDatamAM madada karI hatI ( I sa. 1777 ). krosiMharAve kAThIeAnA humalA aTakAvavAnuM kahetAM eNe kAThIone sAbaramatInI pUrva dizAe AvatA aTakAvyA hatA, chatAM kAThIe sAthenA ene saMbadha mIThA rahyo hatA. phattesi MharAvane mATe karelI A sevA badala meAminakhAnane cha gAma bakSisa maLyAM hatAM. kAThIenA jANavAmAM Avyu` ke mAmitakhAna marAThAo sAthe paNa saMbaMdha rAkhe che tyAre teoe caDI AvI khaMbhAtanAM saMkhyAdha gAmaDAM tUTelAM, AthI kAThIoneA saMbaMdha cheDI daI eNe sAbaramatInA pUrva kinAre eka majabUta thANu mUkayuM hatuM. A thANAne nibhAvane mATe pelAM chagAmaDAMnI Avaka pUrI thatI nahotI eTale krosiMharAva pAsethI, pezavA pAsethI ane mAtara paragaNAnI pedAzamAMthI levAnI rahetI. I. sa. 1780 mAM aMgrejoe amadAvAda jItI lIdhA pachI phosiMharAvane mahI nadInI uttaranA bhAga maLI javAthI eNe meminakhAna pAsethI

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224 ] marAThA thrala khaMDaNI levAnuM baMdha karyuM. AmAM aMgrejone upakAra thayela hovAthI meminakhAne aMgrejone khaMbhAtanA baMdara-jakAtanA daravAjAno hakaka sago hate. I.sa. 1783mAM A hakka meminakhAnane pAchuM maLI gayo hato. muhammada kulIkhAna (I. sa. 183-1789) I. sa. 1783nA varSamAM meminakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM eno jamAI. muhammada kulIkhAna thoDA kauTuMbika saMgharSa pachI khaMbhAtano hAkema banyo. enA samayamAM mAtra eka ja banAva banyo te e ke eka gunegAra khaMbhAtamAM Azraya pahoMcatAM enI mAgaNI karAvavAmAM AvI tyAre vaDodarAthI pharasiMharAve khaMbhAta upara caDAI karI. AgamananI jANa thatAM pelo gunegAra nAsI gayo, paNa A. mATe rU. 15,000 navAba taraphathI pharasiMharAvane maLyA. navAba phatehaalIkhAna (I. sa. 1789 thI) I. sa. 1789mAM muhammada kulIkhAnanuM avasAna thatAM enA traNa putrAmAMnA moTA phatehaalIkhAnanA hAthamAM khaMbhAtanI hAkemI AvI. vaDodarAmAM pharosiMharAvanA avasAne mAnAjIrAva gAdIe Avyo teNe phatehaalIkhAna pAse agAu ApelAM cha gAma pAchAM bhAgyAM. phatehaalIkhAne AnI nA pADI, paNa pachI evuM samAdhAna karavAmAM AvyuM ke kAThIone rokavA phattesiMharAva rU. 10,000 khaMbhAtane ApatA hatA te mAtra baMdha karavA ane cha gAma khaMbhAtanI pAse rahevA devAM. A samaye phatehaalIkhAne dilhImAM bAdazAhane meTI bheTa mokalI ApI tenA badalAmAM bAdazAhe mominakhAna rAjAne Apele vaMzaparaMgarAgatane ilakAba Apyo, uparAMta cha hajArI manasaba ApI khaMbhAtanA navAba" tarIkenuM pada jAhera karyuM. Ama phatehaalIkhAna khaMbhAtane pahele navAba che. enA samayamAM marAThAo sAthe manaduHkha thayA karatuM. pilAM cha gAmone prazna pharI I.sa. 179ra mAM UTho ane vaDodarAe e khAlasA karyA ne thoDA samaya pachI khaMbhAtane parata karyA. I.sa. 1799 mAM pezavAno saradAra AtmArAma bhAu khaMbhAta rAjyanI hadamAM Avyo, paNa rU. 30,000 ene ApI devAthI e pAchI pharI gayo. I.sa. 1800 mAM AnaMdarAva gAyakavADane. saradAra bAlAjI ApAcha saurASTramAM khaMDaNI ugharAvavA jato hato tyAre khaMbhAtathI pasAra thayeluM. eNe A navAba pAsethI rU. 50,000 vasUla karyA hatA.

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samakAlIna rAje [ 225 I.sa. 1802 mAM pezavA ane aMgrejo vacce vasaInA kela-karAra thayA tyAre khaMbhAtane lagatA pezavAnA badhA hakka kaMpanI sarakArane maLyA. I.sa. 1806 mAM bAlAjI ApAjIe kAThIone tAbe karavAthI khaMbhAtanA hAkemoe sAbaramatInA pUrva kAMThe bacAvanAM je sAdhana UbhAM karelAM te nakAmAM gayAM, eTale pelAM cha gAma parata levAnI tajavIja zarU thaI. A vize hukama maLatAM mahIkAMThAno vahIvaTa karatA bApu kAzIe khaMbhAta paragaNAnAM bIjAM ghaNAM gAmomAMthI nANAM ugharAvavAnA mucarakA levA mAMDayA. khaMbhAtanA navAbe muMbaImAMnI a greja sattAne araja karatAM vaDodarAmAM resiDanTa tarIke AvelA mejara (pachIthI karnala) vaukare evuM samAdhAna karAvI ApyuM ke khaMbhAte vaDodarAnuM vAjabI leNuM cUkavI ApavuM ane vaDodayAe khaMbhAtanAM gAmamAMthI lIdhelA mucarakA parata karI devA. A pachI te aMgrejonuM gujarAtamAM varcasa vadhatuM cAlyuM ane kaMTAbakheDA esaratA cAlyA. jyAM kyAMya kAMI thatuM temAM aMgreja sattA madhyastha banatAM saraLatAthI samAdhAna thaI jatAM. pariNAme I.sa. 1818 mAM kaMpanI sattAe gujarAta para saMpUrNa prabhutva prApta karyuM tyAM sudhImAM khaMbhAtane lagate kaI banAva banyo nahi. pahelAM khaMbhAtamAM jude resiDanTa rahevo zarU thayela te paNa have rAkho baMdha karyo ane kheDAnA kalekTarane khaMbhAta rAjyane poliTikala ejanTa karAvavAmAM Avyo. ' 16, bharUcanI navAbI I.sa. 1722 mAM nijhAmubhulle dilhInI dIvAnagIrI choDI tyAre bAdazAha mahamUdazAhe ene bharUcanI jAgIra ApI tyArathI bharUcamAM sthAyI prakAranuM muslima zAsana zarU thayuM hatuM. eNe bharUcamAM abdullA nAmano vahIvaTadAra nImyo. I.sa. 1736 mAM nijhAmulyuke abdullAne "nekaAlamakhAna no IlakAba Apyo te ja varSathI e bharUcanuM rAjya svataMtrapaNe calAvavA lAgyo. bharUcanA svataMtra navAbomAM Ama e pahele navAba hato, I.sa 1738 mAM ene avasAna thatAM ane bIjo putra mIrajhAbega "nekamIlakhAna ane IlakAba dhAraNa karI gAdIe AvyuM. enA samayamAM I.sa. 1741 mAM damAjI gAyakavADe bharUcane ghero ghAlyo tyAre mIrajhAbega ene pratIkAra karavA taiyAra thayo ane lazkarI sahAya mATe nijhAmudramukane lakhyuM eTale nijhAmumuke damAjIne lakhyuM ke bharUca amArI mAlikInuM che mATe khasI jAo. damAjIne patra maLatAM ene ghere uThAvI lIdho. I-7-15

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mazA kAlu [ pra. Ane kAraNe mIrajhAkSetre bharUcanA kurAnI jakAta Ave temAM damAjInA hissA karI ApelA. I. sa. 1748 mAM ahamadazAhanI paravAnagIthI ahIM zAhI TaMkazALa zarU thaI hatI. 226 I. sa. 1752 mAM mIrajhAkhega gujarI jatAM ene bhAI mughaloga gAdIe Avyo. traNa ja mahinAmAM enuM avasAna thatAM abdulAbeganA pautrA mAMDhAmAMhe AkhaDatA rahevAthI e varSa gAdI khAlI rahI. I. sa. 1752 mAM nijhAmumuka gujarI jatAM eneA bharUcanA hakka naSTa thaI gayo, paNa gAyakavADanI phurajA uparanI jakAtA hissA cAlu rahelA. pelA pautrAnA TaTAmAM suratanA saiyada esa madhyastha banyA ane eka pautra ahamadapregane gAdIe besADayo. I. sa. 1758-1759 mAM bharUcamAM gAsAMI bAvAonuM TALuM AvyuM te teAphAna karavA lAgyuM tyAre ene ahemadaege jAte sainikAnI AgevAnI laI hAMkI kADhyuM hatu.... I, sa. 1759 mAM aMgrejoe tyAMnA navAba pAsethI suratanA banne saMbhALyA tyAre bharUcanA phurajAnI suratanI hakasAI aMgrejone maLI, I. sa. 1761 mAM khaMbhAtanA mAmInakhAnanI madade jaI suratanA navAe ja khusara jItI lIdhuM hatuM. I. sa. 1768 mAM ahamadabega gujarI jatAM enA putra majhadakhAna gAdIe AvyA. suratanI bharUcanA kurAnI jakAta ne hakasAI bharUce khAra varSa' sudhI cUkavI nahAtI tethI aMgrejoe I. sa. 1771 mAM kala kainInI AgevAnI nIce bharUca para AkramaNa karyuM. AnI sAthe suratanA navAbanA 700 sainika paNa sAmela hatA. navAkhe khaMbhAtanA navAba ane phosiharAva gAyakavADa para pA lakhI madada mAgI. khaMbhAtathI kazuM AvyuM nahi, paNa phrosiMharAva potAnA sainya sAthe bharUca AvI paheAMcyA. bezaka, phattesiMharAvanI murAda navAkha bharUcanA killAmAMthI bahAra nIkaLe eTale bharUcane kabajo laI levAnI hatI. navAbane AnI gaMdha pahoMcI jatAM eNe gAyakavADane jaNAvyuM ke gAyakavADI sanika eka paNa bharUcamAM mekalavA nahi, madadanI jarUra paDaze tA uN kahevarAvIza. navAme aMgrejo sAme na`dAne sAme kAMThe kIma najIka sainya mAkalI ApyuM, emAM vijaya na maLatAM sainikA mATI khuvArI sAthe pAchA AvyA. have navAbI lazkara killAmAM Avyu ane navAbe killA para meco nakkI karI ApyA. e daramyAna aMgreja sainya sAme kAMThe AvI paheAMcyuM hatu. vaLate divase

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- ] samakAlIna rAjya [ 227 aMgrejAe eka beTa upara mukAma karI tyAMthI bharUca para mArA zarU karyo te sAmethI navAbI mArA paNa zarU hatA. joradAra mArAthI bharUcanA koTamAM gAbaDAM paDyAM, A joI aMgrejI TukaDI hADIe dvArA AvavA cAhatI hatI, paNa na`dAnA sakhata vaheNane kAraNe vadhu pazcima tarapha kheMcAI gaI, daramyAna navAbane mArA te cAlu ja hatA. eka geALA aMgrejonA dArUkhAnA para paDatAM badhu dArUkhAnuM saLagI gayuM. comAsAnI zarUAta hAI aMgreja sainya surata pAchu cAlyuM gayuM. gAyakavADanA upakAra mAnI navAe ene vaDAdarA javA anumati ApI. jhagaDAnuM samAdhAna karavA mATe navAne muMbaI lAvavAmAM AvyA ane tyAM enuM ghaNuM saMmAna karavAmAM AvyuM. vATAghATa pachI bharUcanA jaMga vakhate aMgrejonuM dArUkhAnuM saLagI gayuM hatu. tenA badalA vagere tarIke cAra lAkha rUpiyA navAbe bharavAnu nakkI thayuM. navAbanI e mATe zakti nahotI eTale lallubhAIpa nAmanA vaNukanI salAha pramANe lazkara eNe evuM karI nAkhyuM ane vastI para karaverA nAkhyA. e evA bhAre hatA ke prajA ApI zake nahi. lAkAteA priya navAba Ama lallubhAInI salAhane kAraNe tadana apriya caI paDayo. lallubhAInI salAhathI strIonAM dhareNAM ane navAbanI rUpAnI pAvaDI vagere bharelI eka peTI muMbaIthI nANAM vasUla karavA AvelA mAlI nAmanA amaladArane ApavAmAM AvI. aMgreja amaladAra A apamAnanI phariyAda karavA muMbaI gayA. tyAMthI bharUcanA navAbane sajA karavA aMgreja lazkara AvyuM. navAbanA cunaMdA mANusAe prabaLa sAmanA ApatAM veDarabana nAmaneA aMgreja amaladAra mAryo gayA. aMgreja sainya muMbaI javA taiyArI karatuM hatuM tyAM lallubhAIe kaheNu mekahyuM ke navAkha pAse 700 jeTalA ja sainike che tethI nAumeda nA thAe. a Mgrejoe killA upara tApamArA karI pADelAM gAbaDAM dvArA praveza karyAM. 36 kalAka bacAva karyo pachI navAbaneA saMpUrNa parAjaya thayA. lallubhAInI salAhathI navAba AmeAda tarapha gayA. bIjI bAju lallubhAI pAchaLa gayA ne AmodanA ThAkarane aMgrejo viruddha navAbane AzA na ApavA salAha ApI, navAba tyAMthI dehavANu(tA. kherasada)nA kALI rAjavI pAse gayA, jyAM ene Azraya maLyA. 1772 nI AkharamAM aMgrejoe Ama bharUca lIdhuM. navAbane putra ekadIkhAna iMglaeNnDa gayA54 ane tyAM araja-hevAla karyo pachI 1794 mAM ene ane enA traNa bhAIone mAsika rUA. 200/- lekhe ApavAnA niya karavAmAM AvyeA. A hakka traNa peDhI sudhInA pAchaLathI ryAM hatA. e sAthe navAbanI japta thayelI milakatanA

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228 ] . marAThA kAla [ pra vaLatara tarIke rUA. 4,600nI rakama paNa dara varSe navAbanA kuTuMbane maLe evuM nakkI thayeluM. Ama bharUcanI navAbIne aMta Avya (I.sa. 1773).15 17. sacInanA sIdI navAba sauthI prathama jaMjIrAnI jAgIra I. sa. 1489mAM mahamUda begaDAe AphrikAnA sIdI vaMzanA eka amaladArane dariyAI lazkaranA vaDAnA daraje ApI hatI. A pharaja A vaMzanA hAkemoe I.sa. 1686 sudhI bajAvI. e pachI mughala zAsananuM u5ripaNuM phagAvI daI dariyAmAMthI pasAra thatAM videzI vepArIonAM vahANa lUMTavAne teoe dhaMdho zarU karyo. emaNe marAThAo sAthe duzmanAvaTa cAlu. rAkhI hatI. pariNAme I.sa. 1736-7 mAM e lekanI jAgIra keTaleka bhAga bAjIrAva pezavAe tAbe karyo hato, paNa jaMjIrAne kille jitA nahote. jaMjIrAnI gAdI sIdI abdularahIma nAmanA saradAranI sattAmAM hatI te I. sa. 176ra mAM yAkRta nAmanA sIdIe jhUMTavI lIdhI hatI. A kAraNe abdularahIma bahAravaTe nIkaLyo ane sIdI yAtane khUba ja pajavyuM. pariNAme saMdhi thaI temAM evuM kahyuM ke sIdI yAtanA avasAne abdularahImane jaMjIrAnI gAdI maLe. I.sa. 1772 mAM yAtanuM avasAna thatAM have abdularahIma sattA upara AvI gayo. I.sa. 1784 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM enA putra abdulakarIma yAkutakhAnane bAjue rAkhI sIdI jehara nAmane lazkarI saradAra jaMjIrAnI gAdI bacAvI paDyo tethI abdulakarIma puNe gaye, jyAM pezavAe ene jaMjIrA uparane hakka mAnya rAkhe, paNa evAmAM abdulakarIme kaMpanI sattAnA eka amaladAra mi.mAleTa dvArA pitAnA badhA hakaka kaMpanI sarakArane lakhANa karI svAdhIna karyA, jenA badalAmAM ene aMgreja sattA taraphathI I. sa. 1790 mAM surata najIka AvelA sacIna(tA.coryAsI, ji.surata)nI jAgIra maLI AmAM ene ra0 gAma maLyAM hatAM. e suratamAM rahI Ane vahIvaTa karato hato. pachIthI sacInane rAjadhAnI banAvI tyAM rahevAnuM zarU kareluM. eNe bAdazAha zAhaAlamane najarANuM mekaleluM enAthI bAdazAha taraphathI ene "navAbane IlakAba maLe. I. sa. 1802mAM navAba abdulakarIma yAtakhAnanA avasAne eno putra ibrAhIma muhammada yAkutakhAna gAdIe Avyo. I.sa. 1816mAM eNe kaMpanI sarakArane kabUlAta ApI ke rAjyanA phojadArI gunAono InsApha aMgrejI adAlatamAM kare, paraMtu A ane anya zaratenuM navAba pAlana nahotuM karato eTale pAchaLathI e karAra rada thayA hatA.'

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samakAlIna rAje [ ra29 18. suratanA navAba gujarAtanA laukika kavi zAmaLe "rustama bahAdurane pavADe" lakhI jene amara karyo che te rustamaalI suratamAM mughala sattAne chelle sUbo hato. marAThAo sAthenA jaMgamAM vasemAM I. sa. 1724 mAM rustamaalI kAma AvI gayA pachI eno putra sorAbakhAna suratano navAba(sUbedAra) banyo. aneka sthaLoe thayuM hatuM te pramANe mughalAI sabA svataMtra thaI cUkyA hatA. suratamAM paNa e paristhiti thaI hatI. tyAMsudhI suratanA sUbA upara cAra zaherIonI pakaDa rahetI hatI. sorAbakhAna svataMtra navAba banyo tyAre paNa e cAra zaherIeAnuM varcasa ghaTayuM nahotuM. emAM eka mullAM muhammadaalI bhAre mahattvAkAMkSI hato. eNe saiyadaalI vajIra pAsethI aThavA(atyAre suratane eka bahArano mahele) kharIdI tyAM kilAne pAyo nAkhyo. A kAmamAM navAba sarAbakhAna ADe Avyo eTale mullAMe e samayanA kiledAra "begalarakhAna "--mIrajhAgadAbega khAnane rU. 25,000thI pheDI baMnee maLI serAbakhAnane dUra karyo ane pelA kiledAranA bhAI mIrajhA gula "tegabegakhAna ne navAba banAvavAno TharAva karyo. raiyatane nukasAna na thAya e daSTie sorAbakhAnA darabAramAMthI haTI jaI begamavADImAM jaI rahyo. jillA gejheTiyara pramANe sorAbakhAnanA svataMtra navAba tarIke AvyA pachI zarUAtamAM aMgrejone vepAra agavaDamAM mukAyo hato, paNa pachI sarAbakhAna nyAyathI vartavA lAgelo. thoDAM varSamAM ja enuM valaNa badalAyuM ane eNe aneka vepArIone zarAphane ane dalAlane kedamAM nAkhyA, pariNAme vepArane dhake pahoMce. aMte ene aMgrejo phrenca ane Da dvArA ThekANe lAvavAmAM Avyo, Ane kAraNe emanA tarapha eNe kuNuM vartana rAkhyuM, paNa dezI vepArIone to kanaDagata enI e rahI tethI moTA bhAganA vepArIo zahera choDI gayA. e pachI sorAbakhAne aMgrejone enI rU. 10,000 nI pezakaza mATe dabANa karyuM. pariNAme aMgrejo ane e maLI sarAbakhAnane pakaDamAM lIdhe. e nAsI chUTayo ane tegabegakhAna sattA upara Avyo.57 tegabega khAne mulAM muhammadaalIne aThavAmAM kiTale bAMdhavA na detAM mullAM have serAbakhAna tarapha vaLyo. eNe sorAbakhAnanA nAmanI sanada mughala bAdazAha pAse magAvIne e AvatAM I. sa. 1728 mAM sorAbakhAna punaH navAba banyo. mullAMe aThavA vistAramAM kiTale, rastAo temaja makAna baMdhAvI "rasUlAbAda" nAmathI nagara samRddha karyuM. mullAe rasUlAbAdamAM tApI paranuM baMdara paNa vikasAvyuM ane vahANone vepAranI sagavaDa karI ApI. pariNAme suratanI nadI

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[ R 230 ] sarAThA kAla paranA baMdaranI Avaka ghaTavA lAgI eTale mullAMte AvA cheoNDI suratamAM AvI rahevAnu kaheNa mokalyuM. paNa navAbane mullAMe kAThuM na ApyuM. eNe evI paristhiti sarjI ke sorAkhakhAnane namavuM paDe. sArAbakhAna Ama chatAM sAvadhAna hatA tethI mullAMe pharI sArAkhakhAnane mitra banAvI lIdhA. bIjI bAju tegamegakhAnaneA prayatna cAlu hateA. e daramyAna bAdazAhe. khaMbhAtanA mAmInakhAnane suratA navAba banAvyA, paNa aMte I. sa.. 1733 mAM tegamegakhAne sanada meLavI mullAMte keda karI lIdhelA. eNe chUTavAnA prayatna karyo tyAre tegamegakhAte cheDavAnA daMbha karI, jherI pAzAkapaherAvI mullAMne khatama karI nAkhyA. evA khIjo zaherI mahamada alavI hatA tene paNa I.sa. 1733 mAM tegamegakhAte kAMTA kaDhAvI nAkhyA, I.sa. 1734 sudhI suratanAM ghaNAMkharAM gAma marAThAoe svAdhIna karI lIdhAM hatAM. paNa e sAthe tegamegakhAte evuM kabUla karAvI lIdhu` hatu` ke. marAThA tegamegakhAnane dara varSe rU. 2,36,000 Ape. AnAthI a Mgrejo sAthenA saMbaMdhamAM the|DI muzkelI UbhI thayelI ane a Mgrejo nadImAM paDAva nAkhI jatAM AvatAM vahANAne pajavavA lAgyA, tyAre damAjI gAyakavADe vacce paDI teneA sabaMdha cAlu karI ApyA hatA. jillA gaeNjheTiyara pramANe a Mgrejoe dAjI gAyakavADanI madadane nakArI kADhI hatI ane Akhare tegamegakhAnane aMgrejonI mAgaNI satAkhavI paDI hatI. ane a MgrejI kAThI uparathI cokIdArA khaseDI dezI vepArIo sAthe vepAranI saraLatA karI ApavI paDI hatI.18 tegamegakhAnanuM 1746 mAM avasAna thatAM megalakhAna navAya anya enu avasAna I. sa. 1747 mAM thatAM ene jamAI sakhAna dilhIthI sanada meLavI navAkha khayA. saphadarakhAnane putra muhammada vikArakhAnuM pa egalarakhAnaneA jamAI thatA ane e 1746-47 mAM killedArI bhAgavatA hatA. dilhImAM beThAM beThAM AsaphajahAM surata para najara rAkhatA hatA. saphadarakhAnanI navAkhI ane enA putra muhammada vikArakhAnanI killedArI-e vyavasthA ene gamI. nahAtI tethI eNe. mIra jhiyAne surata meAkalelA. mIra jhiyAuddInanA bhAI. meAhInuddIna urphe miyAM accana suratamAM ghaNA samaya thayAM rahetA hatA. I. sa... 1748 mAM saphadarakhAnane zekha mahamUdakhAna nAmanA eka aphasara sAthe khaTarAga thaye eTale zekha mahamUda miyAM accanane maLyA. suratanA khIjA paNa zaherIonI saphadarakhAna sAme phariyAdA hatI. miyAM accane saphadarakhAnanA bhAI alI

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samakAlIna rAje [ ra72 navAbakhAnane hAthamAM laI enI sahAyathI muhammada vikArakhAnane keda karI lIdho ane aMdaranA khajAnA sahita miyAM accana killAno mAlika thaI gaye.. A sthiti thatAM saphadarakhAne yuddhanI maracAbaMdhI zarU karI eTale miyAM accane rU. 11 lAkha ApI damAjI gAyakalADane sAtha meLavyo. malhArarAvanI saradArI nIce dasa hajAra savAre suratanA darabAragaDha upara caDAI karavA AvyA, paNa rastAmAM kUca karatI vakhate ja athamANa thaI temAM malhArarAva mAryo gaye eTale marAThA meLA paDayA. bezaka, mahArarAvanA maraNa pachI paNa miyAM accana ane saphadarakhAna vacce nava mahinA paryata chamakalAM thayA karyA hatAM. chelle pitAnA mANaso khUTatAM darabAragaDha choDI ene mehamadI bAgamAM Azraya levA cAlyuM javuM paDyuM. miyAM accane darabArane kabaje lIdho ane surata pradeza upara AsajahAMnI ANa varatAvavAmAM AvI. A daramyAna tegabegakhAnana mahamadIbAgamAM chupAvela khajAno saphadarakhAnanA hAthamAM Avyo tenAthI e jora para Avyo. paNa suratanA vepArIo, aMgrejo tathA valaMdAoe maLIne evo TharAva karyo ke miyAM accanane ja sAtha Apa. tethI mukAbalAmAM chevaTe saphadarakhAna hAryo ane muMbaI tarapha nAsI gayo. have miyAM accana-mohInadIna navAba thayo. eNe alInavAjhakhAnane nAyaba banAvI potAnA putra hAphIjhuddIna muhammadakhAnane kiledArI soMpI. A jaMganA AraMbhamAM miyAM accane traNa lAkha ApavAnA TharAvI damAjI gAyakavADanA pitarAI bhAI kedArajIne bolAve te mAmale thALe paDI jatAM AvI pahoMcyo. vacana ApeluM hoI suratanI AvakanA traNa bhAga paDyA : eka pitAno ane bakSIne, bIjo zAhI dariyAI senAnA dAregA sIdIne ane trIjo marAThAono. navAbane hoddo dhAraNa karyA pachI miyAM accanane mullAM khuddIna sAthe jhagaDo thatAM accane phayddInane keda karI lIdho, paNa aMgrejonI enA tarapha sahAnubhUti hoI eNe lAga joI phawdInane muMbaI nasADI mUkyo. bIjI bAju dariyAI senAnA dAgA hAphIjha masjIdakhAne potAnA sAthIdAranuM baLa vadhArI suratane raMjADavAnuM zarU karI dIdhuM. strIonI paNa cheDatI zarU thaI. Ama baMne bhAgIdAro vacce jhagaDAnAM bI ropAyAM. alInavAjhakhAna navAbanI zaMkAne bhega banatAM ene darabAramAMthI hAMkI kADhavAmAM Avyo. alInavAjhakhAnane begalarakhAnanI vidhavA ane muhammada vikArakhAnane Artheika sAtha maLyo eTale eNe sadI hAphIjha ane yada abdullAne sAtha meLavyo

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ra42 ] 1. marAThA kAla [ . ane I. sa. 1750 mAM suratanA cheDA daravAjA para kabajo meLavI lIdhe. ene miyAM accananA keTalAka mANasone paNa sAtha maLyo. navAba killAmAM raheto hato eTale darabAranuM rakSaNa karavA bakSI muhammada kAsImane dasa hajAranA sainya sAthe darabAranI cekI upara mUko. alInavAjhakhAne darabArane kabaje laI saphadarakhAnanI ANa pheravI dIdhI. miyAM accana killAmAM hatuM eTale mera enI sAme maMDAya. bIjI bAju aMgreja koDInA pramukha lekhee zaherIo vagere sAthe thayelA TharAva pramANe miyAM accana tarapha vaphAdArI batAvI ane alInavAjhakhAnanI sAme mera bAMdhI yuddhano AraMbha karI dIdhe tyAre alInavAjhakhAna valaMdAo tarapha vaLyo. ATha mAsanI A laDAI cAlu rahI e gALAmAM valaMdAoe saphadarakhAnane salAmata rIte suratamAM praveza karAvI dIdho. be mAsa jaMga vadhu cAlavAthI miyAM accanane nANAMnI bhAre kheMca AvI paDI tethI eNe sIdI maUdane saMdhi mATe kaheNa mokalyuM. saMdhi karavAnA kAraNe sIdIo killAmAM dAkhala thayA ane emaNe kilo kabajAmAM laI lIdho. miyAM accana tethI puNe zivAne Azraye gaye. Ama sadarakhAnane anAyAse navAbI pAchI AvI maLI eTale eNe zAhI ghoDAranA dArAgA phArIsakhAnane nAyaba-navAbI ApI ane sIdI mamaUdanI kiledArI kabUla rAkhI. I. sa. 1751mAM aMgrejoe saphadara khAna viruddha keTalAMka phAMphAM mAryo, e jANI saphadarakhAne aMgrejonuM badhuM ja lUMTI lIdhuM ane emane keda karI lIdhA. AmAMthI lekhe chaTakI gaye, paNa ene muMbaIthI Thapako maLatAM eNe ApaghAta karI jIvanane aMta ANyo. e pachI cAra varSe I. sa. 1755 mAM aMgreja pharI jora para AvyA ane emaNe saphadarakhAna pAse nukasAnInA be lAkha rUpiyA nakkI karAvyA. saphadarakhAna pAse kAMI nahotuM eTale eNe "ekotara" nAmano seMkaDe eka TakA vadhArAne kara nAkhe, jemAM muslima prajAne bAkAta rAkhI hatI. saphadarakhAna malIdathI thAkI gae hato eTale eNe pitAnA jamAI mIra haidarane killedArInI sanada maLe e mATe dilhI patra lakhyo. daramyAna masada ane alInavAjhakhAna saMpI gayA ane saphadarakhAnane parezAna karavA lAgyA. aMte zaherIonI bhalAmaNathI alInavAjhakhAnane nAyaba-navAba banAvavAmAM Avyo. I. sa. 1755 mAM masaUdanuM avasAna thayuM ane ene putra hAphIjha

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samakAlIna rAje 233 ahamadakhAna kiledAra banyo. saphadarakhAne paNa sAta varSa navAbI bhogavI ane 1757-pa8 mAM e maraNa pAmyo tyAre alInavAjhakhAnane navAbI maLI. have thoDA samayamAM aMgrejo ane phArasakhAna vacce karAra thayA ane pezavAnI bhalAmaNathI miyAM accana(mohInudIna)ne puNethI surata mujhaphaphara gAdI sAthe mokalyo. prabhAvazALI zaherIoe ene sAtha Ape. laDAI zarU thaI. - hAphIjha ahamada khAna killAmAMthI darabAra upara goLA choDavA lAgya, AthI alInavAjhakhAnanA kArabhArIo ene choDI gayA. je bAkI rahyA temAMnA keTalAka leka dago ramyA. anAja khUTavuM, puravaTho Avo baMdha thayo. pariNAme navAjhakhAnane darabAra choDavo paDayo. miyAM accana pharI vAra navAba banyo ane pitAnA moTA putra hAphIjhuddInane nAyaba-navAba banAvyo. killedAra hAphIjha ahamadakhAna A TAMkaNe khumArImAM Avyo ane enI dUke enA sAthIdAra sadIoe julama karavA mAMDyo ne aMgreja kAThI sAthe saMkaLAyelA modI kuLanA be javAna pArasIonI katala karI. pariNAme enI phariyAda muMbaInA gavarnara pAse gaI. gavarnare sIdIone dUra karavAnI matalaba pezavA ane mAjIne samajAvI emanI sAthe karAra karyA, jemAM sIdIone suratamAMthI dUra karavA, (2) aMgrejo killAnA mAlika ane uparI bane, (3) suratanA navAbonI nimaNuka karavAnI sattA aMgrejo pAse Ave, (4) tanakhAnI UpajamAMthI aMgrejo pezavA ane navAba sarakhe bhAge vaheMcaNI karI le, ane (5) suratamAM UbhA thatA jhaghaDAomAM marAThA vacce na paDe. aMgrejoe phArasakhAnane ane hAphIjhaahamadakhAnanA mANasa sIdI hilAlane - hAtha karI lIdhA ane pachI surata khAlI karI bArAmAM AvI rahyA. daramyAna muMbaIthI samudramArge nya AvyuM. jamInamArge marAThAonuM sainya AvyuM. AkharI jagamAM aMgrejoe killo sara karyo ane e I.sa. 1759 nA varSamAM killAnA adhipati thaI cUkyA. mughala bAdazAhe ene mAnyatA ApI ane be lAkha rUpiyA sAliyANumAM aMgrejo sIdIone Ape evuM pharamAna mokalyuM. A vakhate killAnA zahera bAjunA cheDA upara mughala vAvaTo tema nadI bAjunA cheDA para aMgrejI vAvaTo UDa zarU thayo. aMgrejoe I. sa. 1759 mAM killA paranuM Adhipatya sthApyA pachI 40 varSa parvata surata upara navAbanI ane aMgrejonI hakumata sAthe sAthe cAlatI hatI, chatAM kartAhartA to aMgrejo ja hatA.

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ra34] marAThA [ >> miyAM accana(mahInuddIna)nuM 1763mAM avasAna thatAM ene putra kutubuddIna hAphijhaddIna ahamadakhAna" nAma dhAraNa karI navAbanI gAdIe beTho. ra7 varSanI ekadhArI navAbI bhegavI e I. sa. 1780mAM maraNa pAmyo tyAre suratanA baMdarI vepAramAM ThIka ThIka oTa AvI gaI hatI. pArasIo surata cheDI meTI. saMkhyAmAM dhIme dhIme muMbaI cAlyA gayA hatA. - I. sa. 1720mAM hAphijhaddInanA avasAna pachI ene putra nijhAmuddIna gAdIe Avyo. enI cAlu mAMdagIne kAraNe enI pAsethI aMgrejo vadhu karAra karAvI le e pahelAM I. sa. 1799 mAM e maraNa pAmyo ane ene bALa putra thoDA ja divasamAM maraNa pAmatAM ene bhAI nasIruddIna gAdIna. hakakadAra hatuM. traNa varSa payata surata ane muMbaI vacce tumAra cAlyA, suratamAM keTalIka caLavaLa cAlI ane pariNAme I. sa. 1800 mAM aMgrejoe nasIruddInane navAbanI gAdI upara besADyo, paraMtu thayelA karAra pramANe 14mI me nA divasathI zahera ane enA tAbAnAM paragaNAMo upara kaMpanI sattAnI hakUmata sthapAI gaI, navAbane have rUpiyA eka lAkhanuM vArSika sAliyANuM ane eka paMcamAM vadhAro, bakSIne vArSika rU. 30,000 ene vArasane vaMzaparaMparA. rU. 24,000 maLe evI vyavasthA amalamAM AvI.59 19 keTalAMka prakIrNa rAjya umeTA kheDA jillAmAM AvelA A rAjyanA rAjavIo mULa paDihAra jAtanA rAjapUta. I. sa. 1484mAM mahamUda begaDAe cAMpAneranA rAjyano vidhvaMsa karyo tyAre jhAMjharajI nAmano paDihAra rAjapUta umeTAnI AsapAsanAM mahI nadInAM ketaramAM chupAI rahele. eNe bAraiyA kanyA sAthe lagna karyo eTale e bAraiyA'mAM gaNAvA lAgyo. thoDA samaya pachI bheTAsI(tA. berasada )nA ThAkoranA zatru bilapADa(tA. borasada)nA jetasiMhajIne jhAMjharajIe mArI nAkhavAthI bheTAsInA ThAkare ene ATha gAma bakSisa ApyAM. vaLI eNe bIjAM najIkanAM keTalAMka gAma hAtha karI pitAnI judI ThakarAta sthApI. I. sa. 1694 mAM koLIo caDI AvyA temAM bAjunA saradAranI madada AvavAthI A nAnI ThakarAta bacI gaI. I. sa. 1741 mAM pezavA ane gAyakavADe pradezanI vaheMcaNI karI tyAre AnAM sAta gAma gAyakavADanI adhInatAmAM gayAM. jyAre 1818 mAM zivAI paDI bhAMgI ane emano badho pradeza kaMpanI sattAne maLyo tyAre umeTA,

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samakAlIna rAjya [ ra35. upara sArvabhauma sattA kaMpanInI thaI. umeTAmAM I. sa. 1818 mAM paDihAravaMza. cAlu hatA.* kaTosaNa A rAjyanA rAjakuTuMbane mukhya puruSa harapALa makavANo kahevAya : che. ene moTo kuMvare kaTosaNa(tA. mahesANA) pAse AvelA sAMthala (tA. mahesANA) nAmanuM nagara jItI laI tyAM rAjya karavA lAgyo hato. enI keTalIka peDhIe khAnAjI mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM thayo teNe sAMthalathI badalI kaTAsaNamAM rAjadhAnI karelI. eNe amadAvAda najIkanA koI mAthAbhAre bhIla saradArano vinAza karavAne kAraNe enI mAgaNI mujaba sulatAne 84 gAma kADhI. ApelAM. enA pachI bAdazAha zAhajahAMnA rAja amala sudhImAM dasa rAjavI thayelA, jeomAM dasame jazavaMtasiMhajI hato. auraMgajhebanA bhayathI ene meTa. bhAI dArA gujarAtamAM nAsI Ave tyAre ekAda mahine kaTosaNamAM Azraya pAmyA pachI karacha bAju cAlyo gayo hato. tyAre kaTosaNamAM jazavaMtasiMhajI : sattA upara hato. jazavaMtasiMhajInA avasAne harapALajI harakhAnajI nArAyaNa rAmasiMhajI ane ajabasiMhajI eka pachI eka kaTosaNanI gAdIe AvyA hatA. A. chellA rAjavInA samayamAM gAmonI saMkhyA 84 thI vadhI 250 jeTalI thaI. hatI. enA samayamAM marAThAonAM AkramaNa zarU thaI gayAM hatAM. kaTAsaNuM najIka AvatAM ajabasiMhajIe marAThAono sAmano karyo hato. pAchaLathI hAra thatAM varasoDAnA ThAkora ajabasiMhajIe vacce paDI samAdhAna karAvI ApyuM hatuM. khaMDaNI kabUlatAM marAThA tyAMthI khasI gayA hatA. I. sa. 1747 mAM dukALa paDavyo tyAre ajabasiMhajIe koThAra khullA mUkI. garIbone khAdya pUruM pADyuM hatuM. jodhapurane mahArAjA vakhatasiMhajI ane eno bhAI abhayasiMhajI amadAvAdanA rAjakAraNamAM bAdazAhanA prakopanA bhoga banyA tyAre A ajabasiMhajIe madade AvI, amadAvAdamAMthI choDAvI jodhapura pahoMcADyA hatA. vaLI rAdhanapuranA navAbe eka vAra IDara upara caDAI karI parAjaya vaheryo tyAre A ajabasiMhajIe madhyasthI karI navAba pAsethI IDarane rUpiyA eka lAkha nukasAnInA devaDAvI samAdhAna karAvyuM hatuM. A rAjavInA avasAne nAno bhAI amarasiMhajI sattA para Avele..

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236 ]. marAThA kAla [ 5. enA avasAne ene pATavI sUrajamala sattA upara AvyuM tyAre gujarAtanA pradeza para pharasiMharAva gAyakavADanI sArvabhauma sattA sthapAI cUkI hatI. A vakhate cuMvALanA cAra ThAkaree gAyakavADanI khaMDaNI bharelI nahi tethI vacce paDI sUrajamale e bharI hatI. ' enA avasAne kumAra banesiMhajI sagIra vaye rAjyane vArasa bane * hato tethI gAyakavADI sattAe kaTosaNa rAjya kabaje karI lIdhuM hatuM. banesiMhajI tethI me sALa cAlyo gayo hato. uMmara lAyaka thatAM banesiMhajIe kaDInA malhArarAva sAme bahAravaTuM kheDayuM hatuM. bIjA ThAkore vacce paDayA ane mahArarAva sAthe saMdhi karI ane mAtra 42 gAma meLavyAM. mahArarAvane zikasta ApavA gAyakavADI saunya AvyuM tyAre banesiMhajIe sahAya ApI hatI. banesiMhajInuM avasAna I.sa. 1818 mAM thatAM enA bhAI bhagavAnasiMhajIne kumAra rANajI kaTosaNanI gAdIe Avyo.' kaDANA selaMkIkAlamAM caMdrAvatIthI nIkaLI jAlamasiMhajI nAmanA rAjapUte jhAleda*(ji. paMcamahAla)mAM gAdI sthApI, jyAM enA pachI cha rAjavI thayelA. chaThThA jAlamasiMhajI ra jAnA samayamAM I. sa. 1247 mAM muslima Akramako sAme laDatAM e marA ne jhAleda muslima sattA nIce jaI paDayuM. ene kumAra saMta ane bhAI lImadevajI suMya najIkanA jaMgalamAM AvyA, jyAM I. sa. 1256 mAM stha rAjyanI saMta sthApanA karI ane lImadevajIe kaDANA ji. paMcamahAla)mAM. enA pachI mahesiMhajI dhajI saratAnasiMhajI zArdUlasiMhajI bhImasiMhajI khAna siMhajI bhojarAjajI rAghavadAsajI akherANacha surajamalajI lIMbai jagarUpasiMhajI anepasiMhajI UmedasiMhajI dolatasiMhajI devIsiMhajI surasiMhajI( 2 ) ane - bhImasiMhajI( 3 ) e anukrame rAjA thayA. 2 kAMkareja banAsakAMThAmAM AvelA A nAnA rAjyanI trIsa karatAM ya vadhu jAgIra ThAkaraDAonI jANavAmAM AvI che. AmAM mukhya tharAnI che ane enA ThAkora - vAghelA kulanA che. emanA pUrvajoe disAvaLamAM sattA sthApI hatI. tyAMthI teravADA, pachI tANa, ane tyAMthI vAghelA devajIe tharAmAM gAdI sthApI hatI. I. sa. 1679 mAM enI samagra kAMkareja paragaNuM para sattA hatI. enA pachI kumAra emojI ane pachI jAma cha sattA upara Avyo hato. e

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' '' samakAlIna rAjya | 230 - pUnA paNa gayelA ane tyAM eka madira baMdhAveluM. pAlanapura pAse bAlArAmamAM paNa eka zivAlaya eNe badhAveluM. enA avasAne darajasiMhaiM sattA para AvyA. enA pachI enA traNa putrAe tharAnI jAgIra sahiyArI bhAgavI hatI. emAMnA meTA jAlasiMhane ajitasiMha ane dolatasiMha nAme putrA ane nAnA tejakaraNajIne mAsi`gajI nAme eka putra hatA. e sahue sahiyArI jAgI bhAgavI hatI. emAMnA mAsihajInA be putra hatA, jyAre dAlasiMhanA putra akherAjajIne me putra thayA. hatA. e joDiyA jAgIradAra banyA hatA. 3 kATaDA sAMgANI ,, goMDaLanA kuMbhAjI ( 1 lA )nA khIjA kumAra sAMgAjIne I. sa. 1655 mAM araDAI( tA. keTaDA sAMgANI) sahita bAra gAma maLyAM hatAM. enA nAme enA vaMzajo '" sAMgANI ' kahevAyA. pachI bhAga paDatAM gAMDaLanA sagarAmajInA putra nayujIne meMgaNI matyu ane sAMgAjIe araDAI rAkhyuM. I. sa. 1699 mAM enu avasAna thatAM enA mATe kumAra tejamalajI gAdIe AvelA. aurgajhebanA avasAnane kAraNe gujarAta-saurASTramAM avyavasthA pravarte'lI tyAre tejamalajIe rAjakoTanA raNamalajIne saradhAra(tA. jetalapura) levAmAM sahAya karI hatI. A vakhate saradhAra najIkanAM cha gAma tejamalajIne maLelAM. tejamalajI pachI eneA kumAra jasAjI gAdIe AvyA. enA samayamAM musalamAneA pAsethI koTaDA kAThIoe jItI lIdhuM hatuM, je vejA jogiyA khumANunA hAthamAM hatuM. jaseAjIe pAtAnA be bhAIonI sAthe koTaDA para hallo karI tyAMthI kAThIone hAMkI kADhavA ane koTaDA kabaje karyu. pAtAnAM ane ceAvIsa koTaDAnAM maLatAM e ceAvIsa gAmeAnI ' koTaDA cAvIsI * kahevAvA lAgI. pAchaLathI gAMDaLanI dUkathI kAThIee koTaDA para AkramaNa karyuM. ane I. sa. 1755 mAM najIkanA rAjapIpaLA( tA. koTaDA sAMgANI ) pAse yuddha thayu temAM jasAjI ane ene bhAI saratAnajI marAI gayA, trIjo bhAI devAjI dhAyala thaIne keTaDA cADhyA. AvyA. e ja varSe enu avasAna thatAM ene putra hAthIjI gAdIe Avyo. e sagIra hAI enA sahAyako rAjakoTa ane goMDaLanI sahAyathI kAThIonAM saMkhyAbaMdha gAma koTaDA mATe kabaje laI AvyA. hAthIjI I. sa. 1812 mAM avasAna pAmatAM bhAjarAjajI gAdIe Avyo.64 aDAla harapALa makavANAnI bAramI peDhIe jhAlAkulamAM risiMhajI ane akhe..

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' marAThA kAla [.. rAjajI be bhAI thayA, jemAM akherAjajI TosaNamAM gayo ane harisiMhajIe bAdazAha muhammadanI nekarI karavAthI I. sa. 1471 mAM mAMDavA (tA. kapaDavaMja) paragaNuM ane "miyAMzrI ne ilakAba maLela. enA I. sa. 1501 mAM thayelA avasAne meTe kumAra amIcha mAMDavAnI gAdIe Avyo. enA pachI meTAlAla (I. sa. 1545), sulatAnamiyAM (I. sa. 1570), amIjI ra je (I.sa. 1608), lAlamiyAM ra je (I. sa. 1659), sulatAnamiyAM 2 ja (I. sa. 1732), muhammada (I. sa. 1782) e krame sattAdhArI banyA. amIjI 1 lA nA bIjA putra pIramiyAMne AtarasuMbA(tA. kapaDavaMja) garAsamAM maLeluM. enA pachI hAchamiyAM thayA. enA be putromAMne abherAjajI AtarasuMbAne tema vajesiMhajI khaDAla( tA. kapaDavaMja)ne garAsadAra bane. * vajesiMhajI pachI surasiMhajI rUpasiMhajI jaganasiMhajI saradArasiMhajI ane kesarIsiMhajI anukrame sattA upara AvyA. chellA ThAkoranA samayamAM kaMpanI sattAnA ejanTa karnala belenTAIne kolakarAra karyA tyAre I. sa. 1812 mAM khaDAlane aMgrejone Azraya maLyo. 5 jApharAbAda A jAgIra jaMjIrAnA sIdI saradAranA tAbAmAM hatI. jApharAbAda eka samaye mudhala rAjyane paNa bhAga hatuM, paraMtu 18mI sadImAM mughala sattA paDatI - tarapha vaLI tyAre tyAM sIdI hAkema I. sa. 1731 mAM svataMtra thaI gayo. e AsapAsanA keLI cAMciyAonI sahAyathI dariyAmAMthI pasAra thatAM videzI tema dezI vahANane lUMTavAnuM kAma karato. e samaye jaMjIrAnA rAjakuTuMbano eka sIdI hilAla suratamAM sUbo hato teNe badhA cAMciyAone keda karyA ane thANa: dArane bhAre daMDa karyo. pitAnI zakti na jotAM thANadAre sIdI hilAlane jApharAbAda paragaNuM ApI chuTakAro meLavyo. hilAle tyAM pitAnuM thANuM besADayuM. enA upara bhAre karaja-beja thatAM eNe jaMjIrA jaI I.sa. 1762 mAM jApharAbAdanuM paragaNuM jaMjIrAnA sIdI zAsakane vecI nAkhyuM. hilAlane e pradezanI sUbAgIrI seMpavAmAM AvI, tyArathI tyAM jaMjIrAnA sIdInI sattA cAlu thayelI.* - jetapura , kAThIoe saurASTramAM sthira thavAno nizcaya pachI prathama sthAna(tA. coTIlA)mAM ane pachI sudAmaDA(tA. sAyalA) gaDhaDA(tA. mULI) ane bhaDalI(tA. jasadaNa)mAM jaI rahyA. pachI zAnathI amarelI pAsenA gAma - sAMthalI (tA.jasadaNa ) sudhImAM phelAI gayA ne vasAvaDa ane bIjA sthAnanA

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samakAlIna rAjya [ 229 dhaNuM thaI paDayA. e leke saradhArano pradeza paNa lUMTavA lAgyA tyAre rAjakoTanA merAmaNajInA saradArane bhADalA( tA. jasadaNa) jasadaNa ANaMdapura(tA. koTaDA sAMgANI) mevAsA(tA. junAgaDha) bhaDalI(tA. jasadaNa) ane bIjAM keTalAMka gAma ApavAnuM kabUlI lUMTaphATa baMdha karAvI. aDhAramI sadInA AraMbhamAM mughala sattAnI zithilatA ane marAThAonI prabaLatAnA samayamAM kAThIoe ghaNo pradeza hAtha karI lIdho hato. cittaLamAMthI saravaiyAnI sattAe keTaloka bhAga rAkhI bAkIne bhAga kAThIone soMpI dIdho (I. sa. 1735). jetapura bIlakhA(tA.jUnAgaDha) ane meMdaraDA(meMdaraDA mahAla)mAM khAMTa keLIo ane anya lUMTArAono raMjADa hatuM ane jUnAgaDhano navAba e dabAvI zakato nahoto tethI eNe e pradeza I.sa. 1760mAM kAThIone soMpI dIdhe. kAThIo cittaLamAM AvIne vasyA tyAre aMdara aMdara evo nirNaya karyo ke jyeSTha putrane ja vArasAno adhikAra na ApatAM sarva putra vacce bhAgIdArI rAkhavI. I. sa. 1792-93 mAM kuMDalAnI khumANa zAkhA, jetapuranA vIrAvALA, cittaLanA kaMpAvALA, jasadaNanA vAjasUra khAcara ane bIjA kAThIo ekaThA thaI -bhAvanagara upara trATakavA mAgatA hatA, paNa bhAvanagaranA vakhatasiMhajIne AnI mAhitI maLatAM tenI vidyA na jANatA kAThIo upara tepavALA sanya sAthe eNe cittaLa upara caDAI karI ane kAThIone namAvI cittaLamAM thANuM mUkyuM. vakhatasiMhe 1798-99 mAM kAThIo sAthe saMpa karavAnuM vicArI cittaLamAMthI thANuM uThAvI lIdhuM ane phUpAvALAne AsapAsane pradeza paNa pAche so. I. sa. 1792-93 mAM jetapurano kille majabUta karI levAmAM AvyuM hato tenA upara I. sa. 1804 mAM gAyakavADI saradAra bAbAjIe humalo kare. kile majabUta hovAne kAraNe e tapathI paNa tuTele nahi. pachI traNa varSanI khaMDaNI vasUla karI e pAcho pharyo hato. 7 - tharAda (vAva) cauhANuvaMzanA eka pUjAjI pAsethI mulatAnIoe tharAda (ji.banAsakAMThA) jItI lIdhuM tyAre enI seDhI rANI bAlakuMvara vachane laIne pArakara (siMdha) jaI rahI hatI. pachIthI e tharAdanA pazcima bhAgamAM AvI I. sa. 1244 mAM vAva(tA. vAva) vasAvI tyAM rahevA lAgI. dhIme dhIme mulatAnIone harAvI keTaleka pradeza hAtha karyo ane e thoDA pradezanuM tharAda(vAva)nuM rAjya astitvamAM

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20 ] . marAThA kAla [ J, AvyuM. I. sa. 1403 mAM gujarAtamAM saltanata cAlu thaI tyAre mulatAnIo nokarIomAM hatA, keTalAka samaya pachI emAMnA phatehakhAna balUcane teravADA(tA. kAMkareja) rAdhanapura ane tharAdano vahIvaTa soMpAyA hatA, e pachI amuka samaya bAda phIrojhakhAnanA zAhajAdA mujAhidakhAne tharAdano kabaje lIdho, paNa thoDA ja samayamAM rAdhanapuranA navAba bAbI muhammada zere tharAda chatI pitAnA rAjyamAM joDI dIdhuM. pAchaLathI jodhapurane mahArAjA abhayasiMhajI gujarAtane be banyo tyAre eNe tharAdamAMthI rAdhanapuranI sattA dUra karI ene khAlasA karyuM ne I. sa. 1736 mAM vAvanA cauhANa jetamalajIne tharAdano thANadAra karavAmAM Avyo. A samaye vAvanA cauhANa kuTuMbano vajaroja mukhya hato teNe pAlaNapuranA dIvAnanI madada mAgI. dIvAne jetamalajIne hAMkI kADhI tharAda pitAnI sattAmAM lIdhuM ane I.sa. 1740mAM rAdhanapuranA navAbane tharAdanI phojadArI sattA soMpI. navAba kamAluddIne mAravADanA eka vAghelA saradAra kAnajIne tharAdano vahIvaTa sepyo.8 * dAThA jUnAgaDhanI cUDAsamAnI zAkhAmAM thayelA jasa ane vejo e be saravaiyA amarelImAM sattA upara hatA tyAre I. sa. 1476 mAM mahamUda begaDAe jUnAgaDha pitAnI sattA nIce laI pachI amarelI paNa hAtha karyuM tethI jo ane je bahAravaTe caDayA. bAra varSa bahAravaTuM kheDI jase hAthasaNI(tA.sAvarakuMDalA)mAM ane vejo jesara tA.sAvarakuMDalA)mAM sthira thayo. e samaye dAThA(tA. taLAjA)mAM muslima thANuM hatuM. I.sa. 1707 mAM auraMgajhebanA thayelA avasAne tyAM muslima hAkema svataMtra thaI gayA ane AsapAsanA pradezane parezAna karavA lAgyo, AthI bharavADa ane AhIree maLI ene hAMkI kADhavo, paNa e leke paNa juma karavA lAgyA tyAre prajA hAthasaNa jatI rahI ane eNe saravaiyA rAjavInI sahAya mAgI, tethI varasejI kAnajI ane megharAjajIe dAThA upara caDAI karI I. sa. 1754 mAM e jItI lIdhuM tyArathI A saravaiyA cUDAsamAnuM tyAM rAjya cAlu thayuM.9 diyodara A nAnuM rAjya bhiloDiyA zAkhAnA vAghelA rAjapUtanI pAse hatuM. I.sa. 1297mAM emanI pAsethI sattA jhUMTavI laI ene pAlanapura sAthe joDI devAmAM AvyuM hatuM, paNa thoDAM varSo pachI vAghelAoe e pAchuM hastagata karyuM hatuM. pahelAM A rAjyane 84 gAma hatAM, paNa I.sa. 1786 nA eka bhayAnaka dukALamAM meTA bhAganAM gAma ujajaDa thaI gayAM tethI AsapAsanA garAziyA mana phAve te pradeza laI besI gayelA. keTalAMka varSo pachI vAghelA kuTuMbanA eka

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- [ 21 1 ] samakAlIna rAjya pUjAjI nAmanA bhAyAte rAdhanapuranA navAbanI sArI rIte nokarI karatAM ene diyodara badhe vahIvaTa apAvavAmAM navAbe sahAya karI. eNe didara(ji. banAsakAMThA ne AbAda sthitimAM lAvavA sArI jahemata uThAvI.70 pethApura | vAghelAvaMzanA jete ane varasiMha nAmanA be rAjapUta bhAI hatA. teo sulatAna ahamadazAhanA samayamAM bahAravaTuM kheDI, lUMTaphATa karI nirvAha calAvatA. eka vAra sulatAnanI begama sarakhejathI vaLatI hatI tyAre e baMne jaNAe begamanA ratha rokyA. begame jANavA mAgatAM emane emane garAsa pAchA joIto hato. begame vacana ApatAM ene javA dIdhI ane eNe ahamadazAha pAse emanAM 500 gAma parata karAvI ApyAM. AmAM kalela sAthe 250 gAma jetAne ane sANaMda sAthe 250 gAma varasiMhane maLyAM. prathamanI zAkhAmAM AgaLa jatAM AnaMdadeva nAmano vaMzaja kalelamAM rAjadhAnI karI rAjya karato hato. enA nAnA kumAra rANakadevane rUpAlano garAsa maLyo hato. enA pachI betraNa peDhIe thayelA sAmatasiMhajInA kumAra vacce rUpAlanA garAsanA bhAga paDatAM moTA vakaraNane rUpAla maLyuM ane nAnA semezvarane kelavADA (tA. gAMdhInagara) vagere cauda gAma maLyAM. somezvaranA pautra cAMdojIne himALejI nAmano kumAra hato. enA mATe pathujI gohIla hato tenA avasAne mAmAnuM nAma rAkhavA himALajIe pethApura" (ji. gAMdhInagara) vasAvyuM ane tyAM rAjadhAnI karI AsapAsanA pradeza para rAjya karavAno AraMbha karyo. paLe ( vijayanagara) - IDaranA rAva gopInAthanA kuMvara cAMdAne I. sa. 1718 mAM IDaranA desAI majamUdAroe IDaramAMthI musalamAna killedArone hAMkI kADhI gAdIe besADelo. IDaramAM lakarIonA pagAra caDI jatAM valAsaNanA ThAkara saradArasiMhajIne bAMhedharImAM mUkI, rAjya soMpI e pitAnA mosALa poLomAM jaI rahyo. tyAM thoDuM rahI sarasAva(tA. kaDI)mAM mukAma karI rahyo ane bhojana mATe mAmAne bolAvI, enA mANasone jamatI veLA khatama karI mAmAne paNa mArI nAkhyo ane poLo AvI sattA hAtha karI (I. sa. 1720). enA vaMzaja piLAmAM rAjya karatA AvyA. pAchaLathI A nAnA nagaranuM "vijayanagara" nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che.72 I-1-16

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marAThA kAla [ pra. bagasarA bhAyANI (ji. amarelI) bagasarAnA kAThI rAjyanI sthApanA devaLa(tA.koDInAra)nA vALA maMchAbhAiyAe karI hatI. enA avasAne kumAra bhAI gAdIe Avyo. enA nAmathI e zAkhAnA kAThIo "bhAyANI" kahevAvA lAgyA. A rAjyanI Upaja ghaNI che, paNa kAThIonA rivAja pramANe ghaNA bhAgIdAromAM e vaheMcAI jatI rahI che.73 ajANa gujarAtamAM mughala sattA AvyA pachI ja tenI sattAmAM bajANA paragaNuM hatuM te emAMnA maleka heja( haidarakhAna)ne maLyuM. enA avasAne arIkhAna vIjI rAyadharajI vasecha(ra ) sUrajamala dariyAkhAna sUrajamalla(2 ) pIrejakhAna ane sUrajamalla (3) eka pachI eka sattA upara AvyA hatA. chellAnA avasAne eno putra dariyAkhAna(2 je) Avyo. enuM avasAna 1841 mAM thayeluM ja bhAdaravA (tilakavADA mahAla) paiyApuranI vigatamAM jaNAvelA jetAjIne vaMzamAM lUNukaraNa thayo te I. sa. 1729mAM keTalAka sainike sAthe narmadAnI yAtrAe nIkaLyo ane vAsada (tA. ANaMda) pAse Avyo ane anagaDha(tA vaDedarA)ne koLI zAsake eka brAhmaNa upara julma karyAne kAraNe enI phariyAdathI lUNukaraNe anagaDha para humalo karI, keLIo para vijaya meLavI tyAM gAdI sthApI. enA pachI lakhadhIrajI prAgajI prathamasiMjI zeSamalajI jodhAjI gajasiMhajI vijepALajI hamIrajI gaMgajI arajanacha adabhANajI bhAramalajI bhejarAjajI maherajI kesarIsiMhajI karaNajI vajesiMhajI sAraMgajI sukharAjI saratAnajI bhAramalajI(ra jo) bhUpAlajI akherAjajI bhAkharajI ane ajojI e anukrame sattA upara AvelA. chellA ajI pAsethI enA nAnA bhAI hIMgoLajIne 18 gAma jivAImAM maLelAM. ajojI pachI enA bIjA kumAra khetejIne gAdI maLI. khetajIne hamIrasiMha ane ene kIkALa ane prathamasiMhajI be kumAra hatA. AmAMthI kIjIne sulatAne muslima banAvyo ane ene anagaDhamAM jivAI maLI. prathamasiMhajIe najIkanA jAsapura(tA. pAdarA)mAM kiTale bAMdhI tyAM rAjya karavAnI zarUAta karI (I. sa. 1483). prathamasiMhajI pachI ene putra jayasiMha, enA pachI ene putra prAgajI,

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samakAlIna rAjyo ( 243 eno putra adesiMhajI, enA pachI putra pRthvIrAjajI, ene saratAnasiMhajI, ene mATe putra gajasiMhajI, ene dalapatasiMhajI, eno pRthvIrAjajI, enA I. sa. 1720 mAM thayelA avasAne eno putra saradArasiMhajI, enA I. sa. 1772 mAM thayelA avasAne putra udayasiMhajI, I. sa. 1781 mAM enA avasAne dalapatasiMhajI, I. sa. 1783 mAM enA avasAne eno putra pratApasiMhajI, eka pachI eka gAdIe AvyA.75 -mAlapura IDaranA jUnA rAThoDa vaMzane vIrajamalajI nAmane saradAra DI jAgIra laI IDarathI khasyo. ene patra AnaMdajI I. sa. 1344 mAM mAna ( ? ) gAmamAM vasyo. eno pautra raNadhIrasiMhajI bhAna choDI moDAsA(ji.sAbarakAMThA) jaI rahyo, ane eno pautra vAghasiMhajI I. sa. 1466 mAM mAlapura (mAlapura mahAla, ji.sAbarakAMThA) Avyo. e eNe eka brAhmaNanI sAthenA bhInA jhagaDAne pariNAme hastagata karyuM hatuM. enA vaMzamAM thayelo IMdrasiMhajI I. sa. 1780 mAM mAlapuramAM sattA upara hato tyAre phatehasiMha gAyakavADe caDAI karI enI pAsethI khaMDaNa lIdhI hatI.76 mALiyAmiyANA merabInA rAjyanI sthApanA karanAra kAMyAjInA chaThThA kumAra moDajIne macchukAMThAnA mALiyA(ji.rAjakoTa) vagere pAMca gAma ane vAgaDanAM thaDAM gAma maLyAM hatAM. I. sa. 1734 mAM kAMjInA avasAna pachI merabInI gAdIe AvelA aliyAjInA nAnA bhAI moDajIne morabInI sattA nIcethI chUTA paDavAnI "IcachAne kAraNe eNe siMdhamAMthI miyANAone bolAvI pitAnAM gAmomAM vasAvyA. potAnI sattA nIcenAM gAma uparAMta miyANuonI sahAyathI bIjAM DAMka gAma paNa jItI lIdhAM ane Ama eka nAnuM rAjya UbhuM karI lIdhuM. meDacha pachI eno putra nAyo ane enA pachI enA sAta pumAMno mATe kumAra bhImajI mALiyAnI gAdIe Avyo. enA pachI Doso Avyo te baLavAna chatAM eka vakhata morabInA jiyoe ene kapaTathI merabI laI jaI tyAM I. sa. 1802-03 nA varSamAM keda karI lIdho. miyANuM emane bacAvavA sAmA thayA ane lUMTaphATathI merabInAM gAmaDAM dhamaroLavA lAgyA. I.sa. 1810 mAM kaMpanI sattAe emanI sAme eka TukaDI mokalI tyAre vinA zarate miyANa tAbe thaI javAthI TukaDI parata cAlI gaI.

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244 ] marAThA kAla A Doso pachI saMtojI mALiyAnI gAdIe Avyo.' vaLA-valabhIpura bhAvanagara jillAmAM AvelA prAcIna valabhIpura, pachIthI vaLA (ane svarAjya maLyA pachI pharI valabhIpura)mAM bhAvanagaranA gRhilenI para parA jANavAmAM AvI che. jUno jANavAmAM Avela ebhala vALo che. (taLAjAnI suprasiddha maTI guphAne "ebhala maMDapa" kahevAmAM Ave che te A ebhalA vALAnA nAmathI ema kahevAmAM Ave che). ene ane vaLAnA vAlama brAhmaNane jhaghaDo thatAM brAhmaNano meTa saMhAra thayo ane e brAhmaNe dhaMdhukAmAM jaI. rahyA. A brAhmaNe uparanA julamanuM vera levA dhaMdhukAnA dhanamera ane sejakajI gRhilano kumAra rANAjI vaLA upara caDAI laI gayA, jemAM ebhala vALA marAyo. rANojI dhanamero jamAI thatuM hatuM eTale vaLAnI sattA dhanamere I. sa. 1260mAM rANojIne seMpI. 13 mI sadInI AkharamAM alAuddInanA saunya vaLA upara humalo karI rANAjIne padabhraSTa karyA pachI cheka I. sa. 1707mAM auraMgajhebanuM maraNa thayuM tyAM sudhI judI judI sattA nIce muslima zAsana rahevA pAmyuM hatuM. e pachI bhAvanagaranI sthApanA karanAra ThAkara bhAvasiMhajInA hAthamAM e AvyuM. eNe pitAnA pAMca putromAMnA eka vIsajIne vaLAnI jAgIra ApI. AsapAsanAM ceDAM gAma meLavI eNe tyAM nAnI sattA jamAvI lIdhI. I. sa. 1709 mAM enA avasAne meTo kumAra nathubhAI gAdIe Avyo teNe pitAnA pradezamAM keTaleka vadhAro karavAthI bhAvanagara sAthe zatrutA UbhI thaI. I. sa. 1728 mAM nathubhAInA avasAne eno kumAra mayAbhAI sattA para Avyo teNe thoDAM vadhu gAmaDAM meLavI rAjyane baliSTha ane samRddha banAvyuM. mAyAbhAInA samayamAM karnala vakaranuM "seTalamenTa " astitvamAM AvyuM. mAyAbhAI I. sa. 1814 mAM avasAna pAmatAM eno kumAra harabhamajI sattA upara AvyuM.78 vArAhI I. sa. 1484 mAM mahamUda begaDAe cAMpAnera para caDAI karI ene khatama karyuM tyAre siMdhamAMthI jUnA samayamAM kacchamAM Avela ane tyAMthI saurASTramAM mULImAM Azraya pAmela jata lokee9 begaDAne sahAya karelI tyAre bajANA (tA. dasADA) paragaNuM emane ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. e pachI mughala zAsanamAM maleka haidarakhAnane bajANA, maleka lAkhAne satArapura(tA. dasADA) tathA vaNoda( tA. dasADA ) ane maleka IsAne vAlevaDA (tA. dasADA),

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samakAlIna rAjya (245 ApavAmAM Avela. e samaye vArAhI (tA. sAMtalapura ) rAvaNiyAonI sattAmAM hatuM, paNa malaka lAkhAe e leka para hale laI jaI pitAne hakka jamAvI dIdho hato. eka vAra lAkhA ane rAvaNiyAo vacce takarAra UThatAM valIvaDAvALo maleka isAjI takano lAbha uThAvavA vArAhI upara caDAI lAvyo ane eNe vArAhI kabaje karI lIdhuM. aMgreja zAsana pahelAM A ja to prajAne khUba herAna karatA hatA ane I. sa. 1812 mAM to rAdhanapuranA bAbI navAba zerakhAne pezavA sarakAranI maMjUrIthI jata saradAra umarakhAnane keda kareluM. thoDA vakhatamAM e kedamAMthI nAsI gayo ane eNe pitAno lUMTaphATano dhaMdho cheDI dIdho. enA pachI eno putra zAhidatakhAna gAdIdhara banyo.80 viThThalagaDha rakhamAjI bAbAjI ApAjI I. sa. 175 mAM gujarAtamAM Avele. e gujarAtamAM gAyakavADane prathama kakSAno saradAra hato ane gujarAtasaurASTramAM eNe bhAre kAmagIrI karelI te badala vaDodarAnA tAbAnuM karAlI (tA. DabhoI) ane navasArI tAbAnuM senavADI (tA. gaNadevI) I. sa. 1808 mAM ene bakSisa ApavAmAM AvelAM. vaLI enI saurASTranAM rajavADAMone ApelI prabaLa sevAo mATe enA putra viThThalarAvanA nAma para paNa morabI lakhatara ane bAbarAmAMthI paNa judAM judAM gAma maLelAM. lakhataranA ThAkarane sahAya karelI e mATe tyAMnA jhAlA ThAkora pRthusiMhajIe vAyu ane bArapuvADA bakSisa ApyAM hatAM. AmAMthI vAyune "viThThalagaDha' nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM ane bArapuvADAnuM "bAbAjIpurA '. A gAmanI sImamAM khUba vizALa hovAthI emAM bIjA kalyANaparA(tA. lakhatara ), bhAskaraparA(tA. lakhatara), jyotipurA (tA. lakhatara), e gAme eka pachI eka vasAvavAmAM AvyAM. A rAjyanAM badhAM maLI nava gAma jhAlAvADamAM ane be gAma mahArASTramAM sAtArA jillAmAM thayAM. gAyakavADanI dIvAnagIrI bhogavI I. sa. 1811 mAM bAbAjInuM avasAna thaye enA putra viThThalarAvane gAyakavADanI dIvAnagIrI maLI hatI.81 -vIrapura navAnagaranA I. sa. 1569mAM avasAna pAmelA jAma vibhejInA trIjA kumAra bhANajIne cheDe garAsa maLyo hato. enA eka vaMzaja bhAroe e garAsa gumAvyA hatA ane pachI khareDInA muslima hAkemanI nokarI svIkArI hatI. bhArejInI 7 mI peDhIe thayelA mekejIe I. sa. 176 mAM muslimone harAvI khareDIne vahIvaTa hAthamAM lIdhuM ane kAThIo pAsethI vIrapura ane bIjAM

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243 ] sarADA kAla [31.. e gAma meLavI lIdhAM ane bAra gAmeAnuM eka nAnuM rAjya vIrapuramAM rAjadhAnI rAkhI zarU karyuM.82 pAdaTIpa jhArAnA yuddhanI vigatA mATe, juo lAlajI nA. jozI, kacchane kurukSetra jhArA', " pathika " pu. 6, aMka 10-11, pR. 86-87. 2. suMdarajI seAdAgara vize, juo I. gi. ojhA, suMdarajI seAdAgaranI rAjakIya C kArakidI ', " pathika '', varSa` 17, aMka 4, pR. 15-22. 1. 3. 4. 5. dr bhArata rAjamaMDaLa (bhA.rA.ma.), pR. 27-31 Gujarat State Gazetteers (GSG), Jamnagar District, pp. 79-84A pUrve graMtha. 6 pR. 123 upara enu' avasAna bhUlathI 1780 jaNAvAyu che. paNa e 1790 joie. 6. Ibid., pp. 95f. 8. ejana, pR. 124-27 7.bhA.rA.ma., pR. 157-58 9. ejana, pR. 11921 10. ejana, pR. 1737pa; 4. kA. pAThaka, 'makaradhvajavaMzI mahIpamAlA ', pR. 151-78 11. vigatA mATe jue upara pR. 72-74, 12. Diskalkar, Inscriptions of Kathiawad, p. 400 13. indravadana AcArya', * saurASTramAM AlA rAjava'zanA zAsananA itihAsa * (aprasiddha mahAnibaMdha ) ( rajU karyAM vadeg 1975 ), pR. 131 14. bhArA.ma', pR. 112-13 15. indravadana AcAyaruM, upayukta, pR. 243-44 16. ejana, pR. 245 18. AcArya, upayukta, pR. 175 20. AcAya, upayukta, pR. 211 22. bhA.rA.ma', pR. 166-63 24. bhA.rA.ma., bhAga 2, pR. 220 26. ejana, bhA, 2, pR. 202-3 17. bhA.rA.ma', pR. 152 19. bhA.rAma, pR. 131-32 21. ejana, pR. 212 23. AcAya, upayukta, pR. 261 25. ejana, pR. 75 27. ejana, bhA, 1, pR. 128(47)-128(51), 28. ejana, pR. 230 38 29. ejana, pR. 88-94; GSG, Bhavnagar District, pp. 63-74 30, bhA. rA. ma, bhA. 6, pR. rarara 31. GSG, Bhavnagar District, p. 87 32, bhA. rA. ma, pR. 213-15 6 33. dvArakA sarvasaMgraha ', pR. 106; GSG, Jammagar District, pp. 93f.. 34. bhA. rA. ma, bhA. 1, pR. 82-83; GSG, Rajkot District, p. 46 35. IDara rAjyanA itihAsa', bhAga 1 le, pR. 317-364 36. bhA. rA. ma. sA. 2, 4, 223 37. ejana, pR. 225-26

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samakAlIna rAjyo 28. ejana, pR. 194 39. ejana, pR. 229-30 40. ejana, pR. 292-93 41. ejana, 5. 283 82. GSG, Surendranagar District, p, 115 43. zaM. ha. dezAI, " jUnAgaDha ane giranAra, pR. 74-113 43a. bhA. rA. paM., pR. 192 44. GSG, Kheda District p. 107 mAM saradAra muhammadakhAna pachI ene putra salAbatakhAna Ave che, putra tarIke AvelA jamiyatakhAnano ullekha nathI. 45 bhA. rA. maM, pR. 23-35 46. ejana, bhA. 1, 5. 162-63 49. Tarikh-i-Sorath, p. 51 r e. Ibid.. pp. 158f. 49. A hakIkata pAchaLathI jANavAmAM AvI che, bhA. rA. paM.mAM nathI. 50. bhA. rA. maM, bhA. 2, pR. 189-1; ke. kA. zAstrI, saurASTranI aitihAsika nagarI : 1 mAMgaroLa-seraTha, pR. 73-79 51. bhA. rA. maM, bhA. 1, pR. 187-88; "pAlaNapura rAjyane ItihAsa ", bhA. 1, pR. 197-196 para. 2. bhI. jeTa, "khaMbhAtano itihAsa', pR. 74-86 53. GSG, Broach District, pp. 73.mAM lalabhAIne kaI ullekha nathI. 54. Ibid, p. 73 55. ga. hi. desAI, "bharUcano ItihAsa , pR. 421-48 56. bhA. 2. maM, bhA. pR. 301-2 57. GSG, Surat District. p. 130 58. Ibid, p. 143. 59. IzvaralAla icchArAma desAI, "sUrata senAnI mUrata', pR. 87-27; Ibid, pp. 133-186 60. bhA. rA. maM., bhA. 2. 5. 168 6, ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 22-29 62. ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 34 63. ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 46 64. ejana, bhA. 1, pR. 54-56 65. ejana, bhA. 2, 5. 82-83 66. ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 89 67. ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 94-95 68. ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 104-05 19 ejana, bhA. 2. 5. 108-09 ejana, bhA. 2, 5. 109 71. ejana, bhA. 2. pU. 14-45 ejana, bhA. ra, pU. 147-48 73. ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 150 74 ejana, bhA. , pR. 15 75. ejana, bhA. 2, 5. 177-7 71. ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 186 77. ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 187 8. ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 236-38 79. bhA. rA maM.mAM (. 239) Amane "jaTa' kaNA che, paNa hakIkata e "jata che, 80. ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 239-40 81. ejana, bhA 2, pR. 248-49 82. ejana, bhA. 1, pR. 250

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prakaraNa 7 rAjyataMtra A kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM pezavA gAyakavADa ane keTalAka sthAnika rAjAonI sattA hatI, paraMtu rAjyataMtramAM mukhya pezavAI rAjyataMtra hatuM. A kAla eTale badhe pravAhI hatuM ke emAM samaye samaye rAjayavistAramAM pheraphAra thayA karato hato. mughala sattA gujarAtamAMthI vidAya laI rahI hatI, chatAM marAThA rAjayataMtra paNa ghaNe aMze mughala rAjyataMtra para AdhArita hatuM. chatrapati zivAjInA samaya(I. sa. 1646-1680)mAM rAjyataMtrane sarvoparI vaDe rAjA hatA ne e rAjyataMtramAM pitAne madada karavA pezavA vagere pradhAnanuM maMDaLa nIma. samaya jatAM pezavAne hoddo vArasAgata thaye, rAjyataMtramAM enuM sarvoparI zAsana pravatyuM ne rAjAnuM tathA anya pradhAnonuM varcasa lupta thaI gayuM. I. sa. 1750 thI marAThA chatrapatinA nAme brAhmaNa pezavA ja zAsana karate. vahIvaTI vibhAge pezavAonA amala daramyAna "svarAjya ane mahesUlI tathA vahIvaTI hetuo mATe sUbA( prAMta ), sarakAra, paragaNA, tarka (mahAla.) ane mIja(gAma)mAM vibhakta karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. sUbAnA vaDAne "sUbedAra' kahetA. gujarAta khAnadeza ane karNATakamAM saradAra nimAtA. emanA hAtha nIce mAmalatadAra hatA, je sarakAra ane vahIvaTa saMbhALatA. zivAjInA samayamAM mAmalatadAranI nimaNuka TUMkA gALA mATe thatI ne enI vAraMvAra badalI thayA karatI, paraMtu pezavAI amala daramyAna mAmalatadAra pitAnI nimaNUka e ja jagyAe pharI pharI karAvatA rahetA ne e rIte pite eka ja tAlukAmAM 30-40 varSa TakI rahetA ane bane te e jagyAe enA pachI enA putranI nimaNuka karAvatA. paragaNA ane tane "mahAla" paNa kahetA ne enA vaDA adhikArIne kamAvIsadAra (mahAlakArI) kahetA. A adhikArIo pagAradAra hatA ne teo raiyata pAsethI mahesUla ugharAvavAnuM taMtra saMbhALatA, tethI vacce rahelI jamInadArInI prathA lupta thaI gaI hatI bajAravALA zaherane "ka " ane bajAra vagaranA gAmane "moja' mahetA. kasabAne vahIvaTa keTavAla karato ne mIjano pATila. zaherane lagatAM khatapatramAM parAM cakalAM paLe zerIo khaDakIo ane khAMcAone paNa

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7 muM ] rAjyataMtra [ 149 ullekha Ave che, e parathI zaheranA moTAnAnA vibhAge tathA peTAvibhAgone khyAla Ave che. zAsake ane adhikArIo gujarAtamAMnA pezavAI rAjyataMtra mATe tatkAlIna "khatapatro " khUba mahatvanAM hovAthI ahIM emAMnAM keTalAMka khatapatrone AdhAra levAmAM Avyo che. (A khatapatro amadAvAdanA bho. je. vidyAbhavananA saMgrahAlayamAM che.) gujarAtanA pATanagara amadAvAdamAM mughala satAne sthAne marAThAonI sattA sthapAI temAM pezavA ane gAyakavADanI sattA mukhya hatI. pezavA satArA ke puNe rahI sUbedAra mAraphate amadAvAdamAM AvelA "bhadrama thI taMtra saMbhALatA ane gAyakavADa vaDodarA rahI pitAnA sUbedAra dvArA "havelI sthAne thI sattA calAvatA hatA paraMtu A samayanAM moTA bhAganAM khatapatromAM dilhInA pAdazAhane satata ullekha Ave che. pAdazAha I. sa. 1763 thI 1707 sudhInAM khatapatromAM pAdazAha zAhaAlama (bIjA)no ullekha satata Ave che. koI vAra ene "alIdhera' kahyo che tyAM tenuM mULa nAma "mIjha abdullAha AlIdhera, zAhaAlama bIje" evuM hatuM. A mughala pAdazAha I.sa. 1754 mAM gAdI upara beThe. I.sa. 1788 mAM ene AMdhaLo karavAmAM Avyo ane I. sa. 1806 mAM enuM avasAna thayuM. sUbedAra (sUbahAra). pezavA taraphathI sUbedAranI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvatI te ja pramANe amadAvAdamAM gAyakavADano paNa eka sUbedAra nimAte hate. khatapatramAM "subemahAkama-havAle', "zahera sube", "subA", "zahera subedAra, gujarAta amadAvAdane hAkIma pezavAI dalaNI sahera sUbedAra..." "gujarAta deze rAjyakartA dakSaNI gAyaka vADa zrI subedAra vagere zabdaprayoga javAmAM AvyA che. upalabdha khatapatranI vigata jotAM pezavA taraphathI nimAyelA sUbAone tA. ra9-1-1763 thI 31-8-1797 sudhImAM ane gAyakavADanA sUbAo ke teonA nAyabone tA. ra9-11-1780 thI 5-4-1813 sudhImAM ullekha karavAmAM AvyuM che. sUbedAra e subA(prAMta)ne vaDe hato. sAmAnya rIte ene zarUAtamAM sUbedAra " ane AgaLa jatAM "sa" kahevAmAM Avato. subedAranA kArya kSetramAM kArobArI saMrakSaNa ane phejadArI nyAya temaja sAmAnya nirIkSaNa samAveza thatA.9 "mIrAte ehamadI mAM ene vize nIce pramANe neMdha che :

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250 ] marAThA kAla [ pra "jAtanA manasaba sivAya subAgIrI tenAtI (tahenAtI) paMdarase svAranI, nImaNuMka be karoDa eka lAkha paMcAzI hajAra navase dAmanuM InAma, tenI sAthe karI paTAnI jAgIra ane rAjA jamInadAranI pezakazI. te uparAMta pahelAMnA subAo nekarI-zaratanA lavAjama sivAya covIsa lAkha rUpiyA pagAra letA hatA.10 sAdha vibhAgI cutha lenAra eziyA (gAyakavADa) khatapatramAM A adhikArInI vigata nAma sAthe ApavAmAM AvI che amadAvAda zaheranA ardhA bhAga uparanI cethI ugharAvavA gAyakavADa rAjya taraphathI je adhikArInI nimaNUka thatI tene paNa keTaleka ThekANe "sUbedAra kahyo che, eTale ke je vistAra gAyakavADanA tAbAmAM hatuM tyAM sUbedAranI nimaNUka thatI hatI ane enuM mukhya kArya cotha ugharAvavAnuM rahetuM. pAdazAhI dIvAna bAra jeTalAM khatapatramAM dIvAna tarIke "pAdazAhI dIvAnane ullekha che, je badhA ja musalamAna che. A zabdaprayogathI evuM sUcavAtuM lAge che ke teonI nimaNUka dilhInA mughala pAdazAha taraphathI thatI ane pezavAo teono e adhikAra cAlu rAkhatA. "mIrAte ehamadI' mujaba sarakAra bAdazAhanA hajura hukamathI ane rAjyanA mukhya vacharanI maheravALI sanaMdathI dIvAnanI: nimaNUka karavAmAM AvatI. jAti manasaba ane tahenAta sivAya thANadArInA tAbAmAM ene 50 savAra apAtA hatA. keTalAka manasabadAra sarakArI kAma karavA dIvAnI kacerInA tAbAmAM rakhAtA. khAlasA mahAlenI amInI, enI bAkI rakama ane vasula levAnI rakame, saghaLAne vahIvaTa, nekarIo ane jANI, sUbAnI sarakArI khaMDaNI, sUbAnI mahera vAparavAne adhikAra, vasUlAta tathA kharca vagereno dIvAnanI sAthe ja saMbaMdha hato. enA tAbAnI kacerIomAM nIcenAne samAveza thatA.13 dIvAnane zikAra ghaNI vakhata dIvAnane pethakAra manasabadAra hatA ane hajUramAMthI bAdazAhI moTA dIvAnanI maherathI enI nimaNuMka thatI. dIvAna pitAno zikAra pitAnI pasaMdagIthI nImavAnI AjJA lete 14 bakSI khatapatromAM ene ullekha bAsI' tarIke Ave che5 mughala vahIvaTItaMtramAM

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7 muM ] rAkhyatra [ 2510 sUbAnA bakSonI pharajomAM siniko noMdhavA, emanI hAjarI pUravI ane emanAM pagAra-bilane maMjUrI ApavI ene samAveza thato.16 "mIrAte ehamadI'mAM noMdha che : "moTA bakSIonA patrakamAM cAra bakSIonI maheravALI saNaMdathI emanI nImaNuMka thAya che. bakSIgIrI cAkarInI zaratanA 50 svAre pAMcaso rUpiyA jAtanA pagAranI nImaNonI zaratathI pezakArane TharAva thAya che. keTalAka nAnA pragaNA(paragaNuM)mAM tenA gumAstA mukavAmAM Ave che, je tyAMnA banatA banAvonI hakIkata lakhatA rahe ane je bAdazAhane jovAlAyaka hakIkata hoya tene zaheranA banAvonA pUrvaNI (pUravaNI ) bhAga dAkhala noMdhavAmAM Ave che. sUbAnI kacerI, dIvAnanI kacerI, ane bahAranA ujadAranI kacerI, hArUla adAlatanI kacerI ane koTavAlInA cabUtarAnI kacerImAM tenA gumAstAo ane khabarapatrIo sAMjare sAMjare jaI hakIkata lakhIne lAve che tathA keTalAka mukhya paragaNAmAM hajuramAMthI gumAstA mukavAmAM Ave che. marI gayelA ane nAzI gayelA manasabadAronI jAgIra japta karI levAnuM rAjanAmuM temanI gerahAjarIo, pitAnI maherathI lakhI Ape che. tene saMbaMdha dIvAnI daphatarathI che. banatA banAvanI noMdha DAkanA dagA pAse jAya che ane tene sarakArI beMgI bhegI ravAne kare che.17 A paristhiti A samaye paNa cAlu rahI lAge che. mAmalatadAra ane kamAvIsadAra mAmalatadAra " sarakAra ne ane kamAvIsadAra(kumArisadAra) mahAlano vaDe adhikArI hatA. teo potAnI hakumatanA viratAramAM anekavidha pharaje tathA javAbadArIo dharAvatA. teo kheDUtanA kalyANanI saMbhALa rAkhatA, khetI sudhAravA mATe upAya yojatA, navA udyogane protsAhana ApatA, dIvAnI tathA phejadArI jhaghaDAo aMge tapAsa karatA ne jarUra lAge te nirNaya mATe paMcAyata nI matA. te te vistAranI biMdI kendra sarakAra mATe rAkhelI sthAnika pheja) tathA sipAI phaja teonA kAbU nIce hatI.18 teomAMnA ghaNe bheTasogAdonI ruzavatane vaza thatA, paraMtu prAMta ane mahAlanA sthAnika vArasAgata adhikArIonI kAmagIrIne lIdhe teonI sattA para aMkuza rahete, A adhikArIomAM 12 kArakuna uparAMta dIvAna majamUdAra phaDanavIsa daphataradhara pitanIsa pitadAra sabhAsada ane ciTanIsano samAveza thato. tene pitAnA pagAra mATe mAmalatadAra para AdhAra rAkhavAno na heI, teonI kAmagIrI mAmalatadAranAM duSkRtyo para aMkuza rUpa nIvaDatI. vaLI mAmalatadAranI kacerInI dareka kAmagIrImAM emAMnA keI adhikArInuM kAma paDatuM. badhA

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ra5ra ] marAThA kAla [ pra. pa ane pharamAne para dIvAnanI prati-sahI thatI. kheta tathA hisAbe phaDanavIsane pahoMce te pahelAM majamUdAra ene maMjUra karate. phaDanavIsa badhAM khata ane pharamAna para miti nAkho, rojameLa taiyAra karate, nANathelIo para ciThThIo lagAvate gAmanA vArSika gaNotanAmA para miti nAkhate ne hisAba vahIo vaDA mathake laI jate. daphataradAra phaDanavIsana rejimeLa parathI khAtAvahI taiyAra karato ne vaDA mathake mAsika saravaiyuM mokalo. pitanIsa vasUlanI tathA silakanI noMdha rAkhatA ne rojameLa tathA khAtAvahI lakhavAmAM madada karate. pitadAra haMmezAM be rakhAtA. teo sikkA tapAsatA. sabhAsada nAnA mukaddamAonuM noMdhapatraka rAkhate ne mAmalatadArane teono hevAla mokalata. ciTanIsa patro ane javAba lakho. AmAMnA keTalAka bIjAonI kAmagIrI para dekharekha rAkhatA; jemake phaDanIsa ane ciTanIsanA kAma para majamUdAra ane daphataradAranA kAma para phaDanIsa. uparAMta, mAmalatadAre pitAnI nimaNuka thatAM mahesUlanI moTI rakama agAuthI ApI daI ene pachI mahesUla-vasulAtamAMthI vasUla karavAnI rahetI. A rakamane "rasada' kahetA. alabatta, enA para mAsika 1 thI 1 TakAnA dare vyAja apAtuM, paraMtu A prathAne lIdhe mAmalatadAra garajavAna rahe. e eka bIjo aMkuza hatA "behaDA ne, arthAta pezavAnA daphataramAMnA anubhavI adhikArIoe kADhelA saMbhavita Avaka ane kharcanA aMdAjane. mAmalatadAre mahesUla ugharAvavAmAM A vArSika aMdAjane lakSamAM rAkhavAno rahe. A badhA chatA mAmalatadAra hisAbamAM tarehatarehanI gelamAla karatA ne sarakAre jenI jogavAI na karI hoya tevA kharca mATe vadhArAno lAga letA. tapAsavAnA hisAbamAM e Avakanoya samAveza thato. hisAbanIsa tathA majamUdAra lakSamAM na le tevI lAMcaruzavata te keTalIya levAtI 19 khatapatromAM kumAvisadArane kumAzadAra' kahyo che. A sarakAra kumArasadArane paragaNuM eka be traNa ke pAMca varSa mATe gaNotapaTe ApatI. kumAvisadAra kheDUto sAthe karAra karate, paraMtu enA hAtha nIcenA gAmanI vastI ekadama ghaTI jAya ke jamInamAM pAka niSphaLa jAya to je kaI A jamIna sudhArI zake tema hoya tenI sAthe e karAra kare. evI vyaktine vaNakheDAyelI jamIna samajutI karIne ApI zako. jamIne kheDanAra rokaDa nANamAM ke anAjamAM mahesUla bharI zakato. keTalAMka paragaNumAM mahesUla rekaDa nANumAM temaja anAjamAM paNa bharI zakAtuM, jyAre keTaleka sthaLe grAmajane ane paTelee "kumAvisadAro"

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7muM . rAjyataMtra [ 25 sAthe karelA karAra pramANe e vasUla karavAmAM AvatuM. Ama kumAvisadAra e kheDUto ane sarakAra vacce kaDI samAna hato. mahAlano vahIvaTa paNa A pramANe ja thato. havAladArane be vaMzaparaMparAgata adhikArIo - majamUdAra ane phaDanavIsa madada karatA temaja enI kAmagArInI tapAsa rAkhatA. dareka mahAlamAM e uparAMta cAra lazkarI adhikArI rahetA. hazamanavAsa dareka mANasanAM nAma kula vatana hathiyAre ane pagAra darzAvatuM patraka rAkhata. azama phaDanIsa lazkaranA hisAba rAkhato ne keTalIka vAra sipAIonI hAjarI paNa nAMdhato. hajirInavIsa hAjarIpatraka rAkhato ne azama daphataradAra lazkarI khAtAvahI rAkhatA.20 mAmalatadAra ane kamAvIsadAra pATila sAthe masalata karI dareka gAmanuM mahesUla AkAratA, pATilanI mAgaNI thatAM mahesUlanI vasUlAta mATe sibaMdI mokalatA, dIvAnI tathA phojadArI mukadamAmAM pATila paMcAyata na nIme te paMcAyata nImatA ne grAma-adhikArIo viruddhanI phariyAdo sAMbhaLatA.21 keTavAla khatapatramAM zaheranA saMdarbhamAM hamezAM keTavAlane nAmanirdeza karavAmAM Avato.22 e kasabAno vahIvaTI vaDo hato. e phojadArI nyAyAdhIza hato temaja zaheranA sipAIono vaDe hato. e mAtra durgapAla nahi; nagarAdhyakSa paNa hato. e pitAnI hakUmatanI aMdaranA tamAma mahattvanA jhaghaDAono nikAla karato, bhAva-niyamana karato, sarakArI kAma mATe majUro pUrA pADate, jamInanAM vecANa ane kharIda para dekharekha rAkhata, vastI-gaNatarI karatA ne zaheramAM AvatAM tathA zaheramAMthI jatAM sarva mANasonI noMdha rAkhatA. rastAo galIo ane gharane lagatA tamAma jhaghaDAone nikAla karato ne sarakArane mAsika hisAbo mokalato. rAte dasa vAgye topa TaLyA pachI kaI rastA para pharatuM to e ene pakaDI savAra sudhI aTakamAM rAkhatA. marAThAkAlanA koTavAlanI pharajo lagabhaga mughalakAlanA koTavAlanI pharajo jevI hatI.23 zaheranA vahIvaTa mATe bIjA aneka adhikArI niyukta thatA. khatapatramAM evA aneka adhikArIone ulekha Ave che, jemake - kALa( kAjhI) e nyAyakhAtAnA vaDe ke nyAyAdhIza hatA. khatapatromAM moTe bhAge kAjI kanalahaka, hajharata nuraalahaka, izAbApakhAna, khAdIme rasulanA zeha, mahamada

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256 ] mazA kAla [x. sAlehanA ullekhA mAjI tarIke maLe che.24 ' mIrAte ehamadI 'mAM ApelI A a MgenI noMdha vicAravA jevI che : ' subAnA DhAjI ane kasabAnA kAcha AjJApustaka pramANe sadarasuMduranI maheArathI nImAya che. hajurI sa Mda pramANe sukhAnI sadara kacerIthI sa6 tene maLe che. zahera mAjI jAtI manasaba uparAMta vIsa svArAnI nImaNeAka tenAtI ( tahenAtI ) peTAmAM rAkhe che.......ane kasabAnI kajAtanuM rADa rAjIMdu ane A kAma karavAnI zarata peTAnI jamIna te jagyAnI yeAgyatA pramANe dareka ThekANe kADhI ApavAmAM AvI che.'25 Ama mughala samayane A adhikArI A samaye paNa cAlu rahyo hatA. havAladAra khatapatromAM cakalAnA cotarAnA ke parAnA havAladAranA ullekha che. keTaleka sthaLe emanAM nAma paNa ApavAmAM AvyAM che.26 A havAladAra zaheranA te te vibhAganI rakSA mATenI sipAIonI ke pAlisAnI nAnI TukaDIneA nAyaka hatA. kAhAnugA (kAnUngeA ) khatapatrAmAM ene ' kAhAnugA ', ' kAnugA ' ke ' kahAnugA ' kahyo che.27 e jamInane lagatA kAyadA ane rItarivAja( kAnUna )nA jANakAra hatA. e kArya paddhati, rItarasama ane jamInanA pAchyA tihAsanA khajAnA jevA hatA.28 saphatI (sukRtI) koI khatapatrAmAM enA ullekha Ave che.29 'mIrAte ehamadI 'mAM ene pezakAra kAjI ' kahyo che.3" muphtI e hakItamAM kAjhI( kAjI )ne nyAyanA mukamAmAM madada karanAra adhikArI hatA. e dhArAzAstranAM pustakonA abhyAsI hatA ane nyAyanA mukaddamAmAM kAjhIne dRSTAMte kADhI batAvatA ane e pramANe nyAya ApavA vinaMtI karatA. mughala prAMtamAM kAjhInI sAthe eka muphtI rahetA. Ama e kAjhIne kAnUnI salAhakAra hatA.31 adAlatI dvArAgA " dArAgA eTale uparI nirIkSaka adhikArI, khatapatrAmAM ene ' adAlato ' k 6 " tathA ' dArAge ', adAlatanA darogA ' ke * adAlata dAge ' kahyo che.32 adAlatanA dArAgAne adAlatamAM vyavasthA jALavavAnuM kArya soMpAyuM jaNAya che. vAkAnavAsa (vAkiahanavIsa ) vAkAnavIsa eTale banAvane lakhanAra athavA tapAsanAra, niyamita ane

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rAjyataMtra , [ ra55 jAhera ahevAla lakhanAra. khatapatramAM ene vAkAnavIsa ke vAkAnaveza tarIke jaNAvyo che. 33 phaDanavIsa (phaDanIsa) mahArASTramAM marAThAkAlamAM "phaDa" karIne ekameTI kacerI hatI. e puNemAM pezavAnA zanivAra nAmanA peThA vADAmAM besatI. e kacerInA mukhya adhikArInA hAtha nIce 700 kArakuna hatA. e adhikArI phaDanIsa ke phaDanavIsa kahevAta.34 e phaDa eTale daphatarakhAtAnA vaDe hato. khatapatramAM ene ulekha che.35 amIta amInano ullekha phakta be ja khatapatromAM che. A sthaLe e nAno adhikArI jaNAya che. enI pharajomAM sthAnika adhikArIo upara kAbU rAkho, AMtarika tophAnI tatvone vaza rAkhavAM ane mahattvAkAMkSI paDozIothI sUbAnuM rakSaNa karavuM, TrasTI tarIkenI pharajo bajAvavI, adhikArIo vaccenA jhaghaDAomAM samAdhAna karAvavuM, vagereno samAveza thAya che. paraMtu "mIrAte ehamadI'mAM vividha khAtAMonA saMbaMdhamAM amInano ullekha che. dA.ta. khajAnA, gAMsaDI ane lUgaDAMkhAtuM, sAyara koThA khAtuM 38 vagere. AthI khAtA upara nirIkSaNanuM kArya A adhikArI marAThAkAlamAM paNa karatA hoya ema jaNAya che. adAlatane karaDe eka ja khatapatramAM eno ullekha che. A amaladAra manasabadAra hato. ghaNI vakhate sUbAnA dIvAna taraphathI enI nimaNuMka thatI.40 mukhyatve enuM kArya mahesUla vyavasthA saMbhALavAnuM hatuM.41 paraMtu ahIM eno ullekha adAlatanA saMdarbhamAM thayo che e rIte jotAM jaNAya che ke e adAlatamAM AvatI daMDanI rakama vasUla karavAnuM kAma karato haze. adAlatane halakAre ene ullekha eka ja khatapatramAM che.42 "mIrAte ehamadI mAM jaNAvyuM che ke enI nimaNuka pAdazAha taraphathI thatI. enI pharajomAM sUbAnI AsapAsanI khabara lAvI ApavI, hajuramAM mokalavAnA kAgaLonAM parabIDiyAM DAkanA bhUMgaLAmAM ravAnA karavAM vagereno samAveza thato. enA mANaso sUbAnI kacerI ane bIjI kacerIomAM besatA.43 adAlatanA halakArA adAlatanI mAhitI sUbAne pahoMcADatA haze.

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256 ]. marAThA kA: desAI ene ulekha phakta eka ja khatapatramAM 44 Ave che ne e anya adhikArIonI sAthe. AthI e paNa eka adhikArI jaNAya che. enI pharaja para gaNAnI sudhAraNa upara dekharekha rAkhavI, lAvaNI AbAdI mATe kALajI rAkhavI. jamAbaMdI karavI ke bIjA karaverA nakkI karavAnI hatI. e sthAnika adhikArI havAthI vatanadAra tarIke oLakhAtuM. paragaNuM ane gAmamAM teonI kacerI hovAthI desAIone e pramANe vetana ApavAmAM AvatuM. teonI nimaNUka sarakAranA rakSaNa mATe hatI ane prajA temaja sarakAra vacce teo kaDI samAna hatA. teo prajAne kAma karavA, jamIna levA, mahesula bharavA ane kAnUna pALavA samajAvatA. mukhyatve desAIe mahesula AkAravAmAM madada karatA ane pAkanI sthitino ahevAla kendra sarakArane mokalatA.5 nagarazreNI zaherane lagatAM ghaNAM khatapatramAM nagarazreSThI(nagarazeTha)ne nAmanirdeza Ave che. eka e parathI nagaranA vahIvaTamAM vepArIonA mahAjananA agraNI evA nagarazeThanA sthAnanuM mahattva mAluma paDe che. A hoddo vaMzaparaMparAgata hate. pATila mahArASTramAM mauja(gAma)ne vaDe adhikArI "pATila' kahevAte. guja rAtamAM e mahesUla pilisa ane nAyakhAtAno vaDe hate. kamAvIsadAra mahesulanI AkAraNI karatI vakhate enAM salAhasUcana le. pATilane hado vaMzaparaMparAgata hatA. sarakAra taraphathI ene pagAra maLate nahi, paNa ene gAmanA loko pAsethI khAna pAna pizAka baLataNa vagere rojiMdI cIjonA lAgA maLatA. jAhera tahevAro tathA mAnapAna vagerenA prasaMgoe ene agrima sthAna apAtuM ke sarakAra taraphathI kAyamI inAmI jamIna paNa maLatI.47 kuLakaNuM kuLakaNa (talATI) pATilane kArakuna ane daphataradAra hato. e paNa maujanA vahIvaTamAM ghaNI sattA ane javAbadArI dharAvato. gAmanuM niyata jamIna-mahesUla vasUla karavAmAM kaMI bAkI rahe te e A be adhikArIoe cUkavavuM paDatuM. gAmamAM cerAyelI matA pAchI na maLe te pATile enI kiMmata cUkavavI paDatI. gAmanA lekenI vaphAdArI mATe temaja khaMDaNI bharavAnI kabUlAta aMge pATila tathA kulakarNane jAmIna gaNAvuM paDatuM.

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7 muM 1 rAjyataMtra teoe gAmamAMthI pasAra thatA mahAnubhAvonI tahenAtamAM paNa rahevuM paDatuM 48 anya karmacArIo kulakarNa hamezAM brAhmaNa hatA, jyAre enA madadanIza tarIke nimAte cogaLA sAmAnya rIte pATilane ke enA koI kuTubIne anaurasa putra hatA. mAhAra gAmane cekyiAta hato. e kheDUtone mahesUla bharavA cAvaDA(rA)mAM bolAvI lAva ne gAmanI saphAI karatA. pitadAra sikakAno tela tathA enI aMdaranI dhAtuonuM pramANu tapAsate. gAmamAM vasAvelA balutAo(kAruo - kArIgaro-vasavAyA)ne paNa gAmanA vahIvaTamAM hakka hatA. e vargomAM sutAra luhAra camAra kuMbhAra nAI bhaMgI jezI vagereno samAveza thato.49 gujarAtanAM jJAta khatapatramAM gAmanA A adhikArIo tathA karmacArI ono ullekha maLyo na hoI, teo gujarAtamAM kyAM nAme oLakhAtA e nakkI karavuM muzkela che, paraMtu khatapatramAM paMca mahAjana ane paMcakulanA ullekha Ave chee parathI zahera tathA gAmanA vahIvaTamAM mahAjano ane paMcakulanuM mahattva jANavA maLe che. jamIna-mahesUlanI AkAraNI ane vasUlAta rAjyanI AvakanuM mukhya sAdhana jamIna-mahesula hatuM. kheDavAmAM AvatI jamInanI vadhAmAM mApaNI karavAmAM AvatI. khAlasA jamIna para mahesUla levAtuM, jyAre InAmI jamIna karamukta hatI. khAlasA jamInane be prakAramAM vargIkRta karavAmAM AvatI-bAgAyata (kUvAnA pANInI sagavaDavALI) ane jirAyata (mAtra varasAda para AdhAra rAkhatI). pachI vaLI emAMthI zAne pAka levAmAM Ave che e joI enI UpajanA lagabhaga trIjA bhAganI kiMmata gaNI dareka khetaranA mahesUlano judo judo dara AkAravAmAM Avato. e anusAra koI khetara para vIghA dITha rU. 1 thI 13 no dara raheto, te kaI khetara para rUA. 5 thI 6 ke rU. 10 jeTaleya dara lAgu paData.51 jamInane bhogavaTe be prakArano hata-mirAsI ane uparI. mirAsadArano hakka vaMzaparaMparAgata raheto, enA mahesUlano dara mukarara rahete, e pitAnI jamIna vecI zakata, keI samaye e pitAnI jamIna cheDI dete. e tathA enA vArasadAra game tyAre e pAchI meLavavA hakakadAra rahetA ne enI jamIna devuM vasUla karavA ke mahesUla na bharAtAM japta karI zakAtI nahi. mirAsadArane gAmanA I-7-17

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[. ra58 ] marAThA kAla paMcakulamAM besavAne adhikAra prApta thato. uparI gaNotiyA jevo hato. ene jamIna kheDavAne hakka varSe varSe kAmacalAu maLata. e pAknA pramANamAM mahesUla bharata ne enI AkAraNImAM vadhAro karI zakAte. jamInanA mahesUlane dara kamAvIsadAra pATilanAM salAhasUcana anusAra AkArate ne AkArelA dare mahesUla vasUla karavAnI javAbadArI pATilanI tathA kuLakaNInI rahetI. mahesUlanI vasUlAta pUrI thatAM gaLA patra laI e rakama kamAvIsadAranI kacerImAM bharI AvatA ne enI pahoMca kuLakanA hisAbI daphataramAM sAcavavAmAM AvatI. mahesUla cAra ke traNa haptAmAM bharAtuM.53 - mirAsadArane mahesUlanA mukarara darano lAbha maLatuM, paraMtu ene e uparAMta gAmanA adhikArIone temaja mahAlanA adhikArIo, teonA kArakUne tathA paTAvALAo vagerene aneka tarehanA lAgA ke verA bharavA paDatA; jemake gAma kharca darabArakharca mirAsapadI gharapaTTI laganakkiA pATadAma bheMsapaTTI bakarApadI phaDapharamAza mehatarapha vagere.14 gujAratamAM AvA kyA lAgI ke verA levAtA enI mAhitI maLatI nathI, paraMtu zelUkara jevA sUbedAra tAyaphAvere ane nAta jevA vera letA ne IjArAnI rIta dAkhala thatAM sUbedAra IjArAnI rakama uparAMta maLe teTalI vadhu rakama meLavavA game tevA kara nAkhatA ne corImAMthI paNa cetha letA. mahAlanA IjAradArane pitAnI mudatanI anizcatatA lAgavAthI utpAdana vadhAravAnA prayatna karyA vinA raiyata pAsethI jeTalI vadhu rakama levAya teTalI laI levAne lebha rahetA.55 cetha ane saradezamukhI marAThA rAjyanA zAsaka svarAjyanI hakumata bahAranA paDozI pradeza para avAranavAra caDAI karatA ne lUMTanI dhamakI ApI enI Avakano mukarara hisso vasUla karatA. A prathA mughalakAlathI pracalita hatI. keTalAMka rAjyamAM kula mahesUlanA cothA bhAganI mAgaNI karavAmAM AvatI, jene "cotha" kahe che. keTalAMka rAjyamAM AvakanA dasa TakA jeTalI rakama mAgavAmAM AvatI, jene saradezamukhI" kahe che. saMgavazAta mughala zAsako upara gujarAtamAM cotha ane saradezamukhI ugharAvavAno hakka marAThAone ApavAnI pharaja paDelI. AgaLa jatAM jyAre taLa-gujarAta para marAThA zAsakenI sattA sthapAI tyAre teo saurASTramAMthI cotha ugharAvatA. e mATe pezavA ane gAyakavADe potapotAnA pradeza vaheMcI lIdhA hatA. jethI ugharAvavA mA te o dara varSe laNaNI samaye mulakagIrI pheja

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17 muM]. rAjyataMtra [ ra59 mokalatA ne cothanI rakama rekaDI na maLe te enI jAmInagIrI letA ne pAchalI caDelI ethanI pUrI rakama vasula karatA. ethanA badalAmAM teo e rAjyone rakSaNa Ape evI apekSA rahetI, paraMtu e apekSA khAsa saMjogomAM ja phaLIbhUta thatI. mulakagIrImAM maLelI rakamano ghaNo bhAga lazkara ane enA adhikArIo pacAvI pADatA ne pezavA tathA gAyakavADane emAMnI theDI rakama ja maLatI. uparAMta sarva hiMdu-muslima rAjyo para dara varSe cotha peTe vadhu ne vadhu rakama ApavA dabANa karAtuM tethI marAThA zAsako ke rAjyonI maitrI bhAgyeja pAmI zakatA, chatAM mulagIrIne lIdhe svarAjyanI reyata paDozI rAjyonA humalAnA bhayathI mukta rahetI e eno moTo lAbha hato. pezakaza jamA ane ghAsadANA mughalenI jema marAThA saradAre varSovarSa mulakagIrI mAraphate rajavADAM ane jamInadAra pAsethI khaMDaNI ugharAvatA, jene "pezakaza " kahe che. je pezakaza zAMtimaya karAra dvArA agAuthI jamA karAvavAmAM AvatI tene "jamA kahetA. mulakagIrI daramyAna ghoDAonA lazkaranA nibhAva mATe e rajavADAM ne jamInadAro pAsethI "ghAsadANu" nAme vera levAto.pa7 rAjyanI AvakanAM anya sAdhana dukAnadAra kArIgaro ane dhaMdhAdArIo pAse judA judA dare "mohatarapha nAme veza levAto, je AvakaverA jevo hato. jyAre mAlanI kharIda ke enuM vecANa thatuM tyAre temaja jyAre koI bhAla paragaNAnA nAkAmAM dAkhala thata tyAre enA para "jakAta' levAtI. ene dara te te mAlanI kiMmata pramANe AkArAto. dUrathI AyAta-nikAsa thatA mAla para paragaNe paragaNe jakAta levAya te dareka jakAta-nAkAe thobhavuM paDe ne tapAsa mATe khetI thayA karavuM paDe. AthI dUDIkarIo eka sthaLe sAmaTI jakAta cUkavI lAMbA aMtara lagI mAla pahoMcADavAnI javAbadArI letA. jakAtanI Avaka ghaNI thatI. pezavAI amala daramyAna sikkA sarakAra pADatI temaja paravAno dharAvatA sonIo paNa pADatA. A paravAno meLavavA mATe senIoe sarakArane mukarara rakama ApavI paDatI ne sikakAnI zuddhatA jALavavAnI bAMhedharI ApavI paDatI. ene bhaMga karanArane daMDa thato ne ene paravAne japta thato. A paravAnAothI rAjyane sArI Avaka thatI. dArU vagere kephI cIjo para levAtI "AbakArI nI Avaka ghaNI nahatI, kemake puNemAM dArUnI baMdhI hatI ne bIje badhe paNa enI belabolA nahetI.

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260 ] marAThA kAla [ 31. bAMdhakAma ane baLataNa mATe lAkaDAM kApavAnA paravAnA apAtA te e age amuka rakama levAtI, paraMtu e rakamaneA dara gADAdITha cAra AnA jeTale hAI jaMgalAnI Avaka jUja thatI. mukamAmAM jItanAra pAsethI levAtI phI tathA hAranAra pAsethI levAtA daMDamAMthI paNa rAjyane Avaka thatI.58 nyAya pezavA sarasammedAra mAmalatadAra ane pATila vahIvaTI uparAMta nyAya khAtAnA adhikAra dharAvatA. zaherAmAM zAstro ane smRtinI jANakArI dharAvatA vidvAna nyAyAdhIza nimAtA. jhadhaDAneA nikAla bane tyAMsudhI samAdhAnarUpe karavAmAM AvatA. samAdhAna karAvI na zakAya teA nAnA mAmalAomAM gAmamAM pATila ane zaheramAM zeH mahAjana paMcAyata ( pAMca ) nImatA. khaMte pakSAne paMcAyatanA cukAdo mAnya karavAnA rAjInAmA(rAjIkhuzInA lakhANa )mAM sahI karavI paDatI, pachI paMcAyata pUrvavAdI tathA uttaravAdInA purAvA tapAsI cukAdo ApatI ne ene mAmalatadAra mAnya karatA athavA sarakAra 'mAM AgaLa mekalatA. gaMbhIra mAmalAemAM lavAda ke pacAyatanI nimaNuka mAmalatadAra karatA. paMcAyatane loko ' paMca-paramezvara ' mAnatA te pakSA * mAbApa tarIke sameAdhatA. paMcAyatanA cukAdAthI sa MteSa na pAmanAra pakSa keTalIka vAra jaLa agni vagerenI ditmya parIkSAnI mAgaNI karatA. paMcAyate Apela cukAdA gAMbhIra gaNAtA te enI sAme lAMcaruzavatanI dalIla para ja apIla karI zakAtI. apIla mAnya thAya teA nanI paMcAyata nimAtI athavA mAmalatadAra cukAde ApI detA.59 ' 6 gaMbhIra phojadArI gunA mATe sAmAnya rIte daMDa japtI ane kedanI sajA karAtI, vyabhicAranA gunAmAM strIne gulAmInI sajA thatI, khUna rAjadroha lUMTa cArI vagere gunAo mATeya khAlAjI bAjIrAvanA samayamAM dehAMtadaMDa devAtA nahi, paraMtu mAdhavarAva 1 lA ane 2 jAnA samayamAM 'gaccheda tathA dehAMtadaMDanI sajA karavAmAM AvatI,60 kedakhAnAM marAThA rAjyamAM niyamita kedakhAnAM na hatAM. ete mATe killAenA keTalAka khaMDAnA upayAga karAtA. kedIone khArAka tenA darajjA anusAra harAvelA dare tAlathI ApavAmAM AvatA. teonI pAse sakhta majUrI karAvavAmAM

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rAjyataMtra ( 261 AvatI. lagna janoI ane zrAddha jevA prasaMgoe kedIone eTalA divasa pUratA dhArmika vidhi karavA mATe ghera javA devAmAM AvatA. kedIonAM Arogya tathA sAravAra mATe jarUrI prabaMdha karAte. rAjakIya kedIone rahevA jamavA vagerenI sArI sagavaDa ApavAmAM AvatI. 61 sipAI gAmamAM sipAI tarIke mahAra pATilanA hAtha nIce kAma karatA ne paragaNanA sipAI mAmalatadAranA hAtha nIce. gune zodhavAmAM gAmanI gunegAra komenI sakriya madada levAtI. cerAyelI mAlamatAne patto na lAge te sipAIo tathA gunegAra kemone enI kiMmata cUkavavAnI pharaja paDatI, sivAya ke enA gunegAra keI bIjA gAmamAM hovAnuM darzAvI zakAya. bhale ane keLIone vaza karavA muzkela hatA. tethI teonA vaDAone koI paNa cerI ke azAMti mATe javAbadAra gaNavAmAM AvatA. corI-lUMTanA mAmalAmAM sthAnika sIbaMdImAMthI vadhArAnuM daLa mokalavAmAM AvatuM ne enA kharca mATe gharavere nAkhavAmAM Avato. moTA dhArmika tahevAroe zAMti ane vyavasthA jALavavA mATe paNa vadhArAnuM sipAI-daLa mokalavAmAM AvatuM. meTAM zaheromAM sipAI koTavAlanA hAtha nIce rakhAtA. sinya pezavAnA sainyamAM saradAronA hAtha nIce bhADutI sainikonI bharatI thatI. saradArane lazkarI sevAnA badalAmAM jitAyelA mulakamAM jAgIra ApavAmAM AvatI, AthI teone mulaka jItavAmAM utsAha raheteM, paraMtu samaya jatAM gAyakavADa ane siMdhiyA jevA saradAra te te mulamAM pitAnI svataMtra sattA jamAvatA. pezavAnA sainyanuM sahuthI mahattvanuM aMga azvadaLa hatuM. e be prakAranuM hatuM - bAragIrAnuM ane ziladAranuM. bAragIrane ghaDe ane hathiyAra rAjya taraphathI maLatAM, jyAre ziledAra pitAne gheDa ane pitAnAM hathiyAra lAvo. pagA (ghoDesavAronI TukaDI) bAragIronI banatI. ziledAranI kakSA UtaratI gaNAtI. azvadaLamAM caDatA krame bAragara havAladAra jumaledAra hajArI paMcahArI ane sarabata nAme hoddA hatA. pAyadaLamAM paNa nAyaka havAladAra jumaledAra -hajArI ane saranobata jevA hodA hatA. sainikone sAro pagAra apAta, ghAyala sainikonI sArI sAravAra karAtI ne mRta sainikonAM kuTuMbanI sArI kALajI levAtI. topakhAnAnuM alaga khAtuM hatuM. sarakArI kArakhAnAMmAM tapa ane

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262 ] marAThA kAla tepanA goLA banAvAtA ne marAThA kAragara e banAvavAmAM ghaNuM kuzaLa hatA. daDiyAtrAmAM pIMDhArA sainyanI sAthe rahetA ne teonI lUMTamAM rAjyane hisse rahetA.3 pezavAoe mughalenI jema saradArane saraMjAma(jAgIra) ApavAnI prathA cAlu karI. vaLI azvadaLanuM mahattva vadhAryuM ne pAyadaLanuM ghaTADayuM. sipAIone mahenatANuM aMzataH nANAmAM ane aMzataH vastromAM apAtuM. viziSTa lazkarI sevA mATe birude ghareNAM tathA chatrI pAlakhI ceghaDiyAM vagere vAparavAnA hakaka ityAdi rUpe inAma apAtuM. gujarAtamAM marAThA vahIvaTa marAThA rAjyanA sAmAnya rAjyataMtra vize vipula mAhitI maLe che, paraMtu gujarAtamAM A kAla daramyAna agAunA mughala kAlanA vahIvaTanI keTalI prathA cAlu rahI ne marAThA zAsana dvArA emAM kyA sudhArAvadhArA thayA e nakkI karavuM mukela che. khatapatramAMthI vahIvaTI vibhAgo ane judA judA adhikArIo vize je vigato upalabdha che te e be bAbatemAM gujarAtanA marAThA vahIvaTa para ThIka ThIka prakAza pADe che, paraMtu mahesUla nyAya ane raunya jevI bAbatamAM ahIM A kALa daramyAna marAThA zAsananI kevI ane keTalI asara prasarI hatI e bAbatamAM ghaNI a85 mAhitI upalabdha che. jItelA mulake ane emAMthI thatI Avaka temaja aNajitAyelA mulako paranI mulagIrI ane tyAMthI ugharAvAtI pezakaza aMge pezavA ane gAyakavADa vacce avAranavAra je karAra thayA karatA tenI vigato parathI ene lagatI gheDIka mAhitI maLe che. gujarAtamAM A kAla daramyAna aMkuzanA cihnavALA sikkA pADavavAmAM AvelA. pezavA temaja gAyakavADanA subedAra gujarAtamAMthI maLe teTalI rakama vasUla karavAne lebha rAkhatA ne riyatanAM sukhasagavaDa mATe ochAmAM ochuM kharca karatA. keTalAka sUbedAra te raiyata para navI navI tarehanA karaverA nAkhatA. dA. ta. nAyaba subedAra saMtojInA bhatrIjAne janoI devAnA kharca mATe vepArI kome ane kArIgaro para "jane I-vero" nAkhavAmAM Avela.5 sUbedAra AbA zekare paNa taiyata para aneka prakAranA verA nAkhelA. vaLI e zrImatenAM gharabAra lUMTAvI Avaka karate. pezavAe gujarAtamAM pitAnI Avakane ijAre gAyakavADane Apela. gAyakavADa senA mulakagIrImAM khaMDaNI uparAMta kharAjAta athavA khariyAta nAme vadhArAne lAge nAkhatI. vaLI to ganImavere nALabaMdI ghAsa-dANa vagere kara paNa lAdatI. ghAsadANe gAyakavADanA sipAI mArgamAM AvatAM gAmanA rahevAsIo pAsethI letA,

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7muM ) rAjyataMtra [ 2 pezavAnA ilAkAnAM gAmamAM paNa. paraMtu aMge pezavA taraphathI kaMI vAMdho levAmAM Avato nahi, kemake enA sipAIo paNa gAyakavADI ilAkAnAM gAmamAM evuM karatA. mejara vokaranI daramyAnagIrIthI Akhare mulakagIrI karyA vinA saurASTranA rAjA ane ThAkora gAyakavADane mukarara khaMDaNI ekalatA rahe evA karAra karavAmAM AvyA hatA. pezavAe Akhare taLa-gujarAtamAMnA pitAnA mulakone IjA gAyakavADane ane saurASTranI khaMDaNIne hakka briTiza sattAne ApI dIdhela. dareka mahAla ke paragaNuM je koI sahuthI vadhAre rakama Ape tene ijAre ApatA ne e IjArAnI rakama tathA kharca kADhatAM naphe rahe teTalI tyAMnI Upaja na hoya tyAre tyAMnI raiyata pAsethI vadhu verA letA ne yitane daMDatA tathA kanaDatAvaLI mahAla IjAre ApyA pachI paNa thoDA divasamAM ke ekAda varSamAM ene mATe kaI vadhAre rakama ApanAra maLe te ene IjAre ApI detA. je mahAla ijAradAranA tAbAmAM 20-25 varSa rahe te e tyAMnI Upaja vadhArI zake, paNa evuM banatuM nahi ne ijAradAranA manamAM evuM rahetuM ke ghaDImAM ApaNe IjAro che ne ghaDImAM nathI, mATe khAdhuM te ApaNuM bApanuM, AthI teo prajAne daMDatA ne verA nAkhI kanaDatA.8 IjAradAra pitAnuM bhAraNuM cAra hapta bharata ne varSanA aMte kaMI rakama bAkI rahe te enA upara nava TakAnuM vyAja Apate. 9 A badhAM kAraNone lIdhe ahIM marAThA zAsana eTale raiyatanuM zeSaNa evI chApa rahetI hatI, chatAM prAMtIya ane sthAnika vahIvaTanI jema mahesUla nyAya sainya ityAdi vibhAgomAM vahIvaTI taMtra mughala taMtranI ane/athavA mahArASTranA marAThA taMtranI jema ekaMdare vyavasthita rIte cAlatuM haze, paraMtu enI vigata hajI upalabdha thaI nathI. pAdaTIpa 1. S. N. Sen, Administrative System of the Marathas, pp. 165 ff.; Maharashtra State Gazetteers, History (MSGH), Part III, pp. 220 ft. 2. MSGH, pt. III, p. 221 3. S. N. Sen, op.cit, pp. 180, 219, 232, 584; MSGH, pt. III, p. 223 4. hariprasAda zAstrI, "vidyAsabhA saMgrahAlayama nAM marAThAkAlIna khatapatra", "buddhi prakAza,pu. 12pa, pR. 121-1 5. khatapatra naM. 34, 101, 9, 41, 46, 102, 35, 103, 104, 38, 56, 25, 105, 3 ane 106 (A kramAMka parigrahaNa patrakamAMnA che te ahIM kAlAnukrame goThavyA che.)

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264 ] marAThA kAla 6. khatapatra naM. 107( I. sa. 1779)mAM tathA 57( I. sa. 1805)mAM. paraMtu khatapatra naM. 30( I. sa. 1809) mAM "alIghara ane naM. 17 (I. sa. 1813)mAM "AlIyagIrano ullekha che te zAhaAlama 2 jAne lAgu paDe nahi, kemake tyAre to enI jagyAe akabarazAha 2 jAnuM rAja (I. sa. 1806-37) cAlatuM hatuM. 9. Advanced History of India, p. 613 8 khatapatra naM. 34, 101, 41, 9, 102, 103, 104, 38,56, 25, 105, 101, 39, 57, 30 ane 17 E. P. Saran, The Provincia 1 Government of the Mughals, p. 157 10. bhAga 2, pR. 173 11. khatapatra naM. 34, 101, 12, 103, 28, 56. 25, 106, 57, 30 ane 17 12. khatapatra naM. 34, 41, 102, 103, 104, 38,56, 25, 39, 57, 30 ane 17 13. khatapatra naM. 34 ane 41 14. "mIrAte ehamadI', bhA. 2. pR. 177-78 15. naM. 34 ane 56 28. J. N. Sarkar, Mughal Administration, pp. 119 ff. 17. "mIrAte ehamadI', bhA. 2, pR. 179 18. S, N. Sen, op.cit, pp. 219 ft. 19. Ibid., pp. 224 ff. 19-a. naM. 47-48 26241. Gazetteer of Baroda State (GBS), Vol. II, pp. 5f 20. S. N. Sen, op.cit, p. 233 . Ibid, pp. 233f. 22. naM. 34, 101, 41, 9, 103, 104, 38, 26, 25, 106, 39,57, 30 ane 17 23. S. N. Sen, op.cit, pp. 460ff, 584 ff. 24. naM. 34, 101, 41, 9, 12, 103, 104, 38, 56, 5, 106, 39, 57, 20, 30 ane 17 25. "mIrAte ehamadI', bhA. , pR. 178 26. khatapatra naM. 34, 101, 41, 9, 104, 38, 56, 39 ane 30 27. naM. 34, 101, 41, 9, 104 ane 56 28. 2. cu. modI, mughala rAjyavahIvaTa, pR. 83-85. J. N. Sarkar, op.cit, pp. 75 ft. 29. naM. 104 ane 39 30. bhA. 1, pR. 178 3. ya. I. dIkSita "mogala pAdazAha muhammadazAhanA samayanuM khatapatra, Vidya, Vol. XX, p. 31 32. naM. 104, 56, 25 ane 39 33. na. 104, 56 ane 39 34. le hi, "phaDa ane pezavAnI mAhitI', "buddhiprakAza' pu. 23, pR. 229-227

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rAjyataMtra 265 35-36. naM. 104 ane 39 37. P. Saran, op.cit, pp. 50 f 38. pR. 183, 184, 187 vagere 39. naM. 56 40. "mIrAte ehamadI', bhA. 2, pR. 187 41. P. Saran, p.cit, p. 276 42. naM. 56 43. bhA. 1, pR. 181 44. naM. 39 84. GBS, Vol. II, pp. 3 f. 46. naM. 101, 9, 104, 26, 106, 39, 57 ane 17 47. S. N. Sen, p.cit., pp. 180 ff. 48. Ibid., pp. 192 ff. 49. Ibid., pp. 195 ff, 200 ff 50. 101, 9 ane 56 5. MSGH, pt. III, pp. 224f. para. Ibi d, pp. 226f. 53. S. N. Sen, p.cit, p. 242 48. Ibid., pp. 563 f; MSGH, Pt. III, p. 227 55. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, "gujarAtanuM pATanagara-amadAvAda, pR. 148, 160-162 56. MSGH, pt. III, p. 229; S. N. Sen, op.cit, pp. 96ff, 242f. 49. GBS, Vol. II, pp. 105 f. 4. MSGH, Pt. III, p. 228; S. N. Sen, op.cit., pp. 281 ff. 4. S. N Sen, op.cit., pp. 310 ff. 5o. Ibid., pp. 344 ff. 61. Ibid, pp. 380 ff. 62. Ibid, pp. 387 ff. 63. Ibid, pp. 122ff, 400 f, 489 64. Ibid, pp. 569 ff. 65. juo upara pR. 78. 66. hI. tri, pArekha, "arvAcIna gujarAtanuM rekhAdarzana', khaMDa 1, pR. 31 67. ejana, pR. 47-48 68. ejana, pR. 56-57 69. ejana, pR. 60-61

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pariziSTa gujarAtamAM pracalita sikkA 18 mI tathA 19 mI sadInA gujarAtane itihAsa mukhyatve nAnAM meTAM svataMtra rAjgyAne itihAsa che, upalaka rIte A rAjya mughala satanatanI ANa svIkAratAM ane svataMtra rAjAe paNa sAmAnya rIte sikkA upara mughala zahenazAhanuM nAma darzAvatA. umarAveAe mughala sattAnA aMtima samaya. sudhI sikkA upara mughalonuM nAma cAlu rAkhyuM. vajana tathA prakAra paNa mulenA ja cAlu rAkhyA ane peAtAnA nAmaneA ullekha sudhdhAM na karyAM, tethI AvA sikkA phakta TakazALanA nAmathI agara viziSTa cihna ke mAneAgrAmathI judA tAravI zakAya che. AthI auraMgajheba pachI sikkAonA itihAsa gUMcavADAbharyAM che. 1758 thI pUrA eka saikA sudhI mughala nathA bina-mughala maLIne se| jeTalI TakazALA hatI. zAhI mughala calaNa paNa sAtheAsAtha cAlu ja hatuM. maheAra tathA rUpiye mukhya hatAM. cheka bahAdurazAhanA samaya sudhI maheAra, rUpiyA, ardhA rUpiyA, pAtra rUpiyA tathA tAMbAneA dAma calaNamAM hatA. dAma aNudhaDa prakAranA tathA 220 greina jeTalA vajananA hatA. enA AThamA bhAga sudhInA vibhAga paNa pracalita hatA. zAhI mughala calaNa "" dilhInA zahenazAhanA sikkA samagra gujarAtamAM pracilata hatA. 1758 mAM zahenazAha AlamagIra 2 jo sattA para hatA. eNe zAhajahAM pachI pahelI ja vakhata mukhya bAjue " kalImA 'vALA 2 sikkA pADayA. kalImAnI upara nIce tathA bAjuomAM cAra phirastAnAM nAma AlekhavAmAM AvatAM. AvI maheArA tathA rUpiyAnI khIjI khAjue zahenazAhanuM nAma tathA khitAba darzAvAtAM. vajanamAM e 170 greina ane paheALAImAM *8 thI 85 iMca hatA. A prakAra viziSTa gaNAya, kAraNa, sAmAnya rIte mudhalAnA sikkAnI mukhya bAjue zahenazAhanuM nAma, 'nAstikA sAme laDanArAone khAdazAha tathA ' zukanava'tA '4 evI matalabanAM phArasI lakhANa ane hijarI varSoM tathA khIjI khAju ' rAjayArAtathI amukamA varSAMteA abhyudayayukta sikko 'pa evI matalabanuM phArasI lakhANa 3

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rAjyataMtra [ 267 tathA TaMkazALanuM nAma darzAvAtAM. (have pachI A lekhamAM AvAM lakhANavALA sikkAono sAmAnya prakAranA sikkA tarIke ullekha thaze.) A prakAranA rUpiyA AlamagIre amadAvAda surata tathA khaMbhAtanI TaMkazALamAMthI pADayA hatA ane e Azare 180 greina vajananA tathA 8 thI eka IMca sudhInA vyAsanA hatA. tAMbAnA zAhajahAnAbAda TaMkazALanA sikkA upara mukhya bAjue zahenazAhanuM nAma apAtuM.' 1759 mAM zAhaAlama bIje gAdIe AvyA, paraMtu prathama be varSamAM enA harIpha zahenazAha zAhajahAM 3 jAe amadAvAda tathA suratanI TaMkazALomAMthI sAmAnya prakAranA rUpiyA ane zAhajahAnAbAdathI evI ja mahora bahAra pADI hatI. pachInAM varSomAM zAhaAlame amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAMthI mukhya bAjue hijarI varSa sAthe phArasI paghalakhANavALI mahora tathA rUpiyA pADyA. padyane artha 'payagaMbara muhammade sUcavelA dharmanA rakSaka ane devI kRpAnA paDachAyArUpa zahenazAha zAhaAlame sAta prakAranA havAmAnane dezamAM (samagra duniyAmAM) sikkA paDAvyA che evo thato. bIjI bAjue "mAnusa phormyulA" tathA TaMkazALanuM nAma AvatAM. uparAMta, amadAvAda surata khaMbhAta tathA mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha)nI TaMkazALomAMthI sAmAnya prakAranA rUpiyA pADayA hatA. zAhajahAnAbAdathI paNa thoDA pheraphAra sAthenA paghavALI mahoro paDAI hatI. A uparAMta muhammadazAhe pitAnA 1719-1948 nA lAMbA rAjyakAlamAM pADelA tathA e pachI ahamadazAhe pADelA sikkA paNa 1758 mAM haju calaNamAM hatA. emAM zAhajahAnAbAdanI mahorane tathA amadAvAda surata khaMbhAta tathA muMbaInA rUpiyAno samAveza thato. badhA ja sikakA sAmAnya prakAranA hatA. bidArabate amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAMthI sonA cAMdI tathA tAMbAnA sikkA pADyA hatA. mahora tathA rUpiyAnI mukhya bAjue "rAjamugaTa tathA rAjagAdInA vArasa tathA duniyAnA bAdazAha bidArabate sikkA pADavA 8 evA arthanuM phArasI lakhANa tathA bIjI bAju "mAnusa phormyulA' rAjyakAlanuM varSa tathA TaMkazALanuM nAma darzAvAtAM. ' akabara 2 jAnI zAhajahAnAbAdanI mahoro tathA rUpiyAnI mukhya bAjue enA nAmanI sAthe "namaMDaLane bIje svAmI " evA matalabana khitAba joDAyo hate. bIjI bAju "mAnusa phormyulA" tathA TaMkazALanuM nAma hatAM.

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218 ] marAThA phAla [ 31. mahArA (165; 1) rUpiyA (165; *8 thI *85) ane aradhA rUpiyA (85; 75) upalabdha che. tAMbAnA sikkA paNa mukhya bAjue ' akabarazAha phulusa ' phArasI lakhANavALA tathA bIjI bAju TakazALanA nAmavALA maLe che. ( 172; *8 ). amadAvAdanA rUpiyA paNa sAmAnya prakAranA, paraMtu bIjI bAju nAgarI 'ga ' vALA maLe che ( 174.5; 1.1 ). uparanA sikkAo uparAMta zAhaAlama ra jAteA dasa rUpiyAne sikko tathA muhammadazAha, ahamadazAha, AlamagIra khIjo, zAhaAlama khIjo tathA akabara khIjAnA pAMca greina vajananA cAMdInA aravA AnAnA sA uparAMta sikkA paNa jANamAM AvyA che. marAThAonA sikkA sikkAonA saMbaMdha che tyAMsudhI muaAnA prathama anugAmIe marAThA hatA. zivAjIe uttaramAM ane ve...kAjIe dakSiNamAM vazA sthApyA, para Mtu uttaramAM TUMka samayamAM pezavAe sattA dhAraNa karI, emaNe mughala prakAranA sikkA pADI zahenazAhanuM nAma paNa cAlu rAkhyuM, phakta potAnu ekAda viziSTa cihna umeyu.9 pezavAnA samayamAM TakazALa satArAthI puNe khaseDavAmAM AvI. pezavA marAThA rAjyanuM saMcAlana puNethI karatA, paraMtu emanA marAThA saradAra potapotAnA vistAranuM ta Mtra calAvatA. AvA saradArAne dUrathI sikkA samayasara meLavavAmAM paDatI vAhanavyavahAranI tathA anya muzkelIne kAraNe pAtAnA vistArAmAM TaMkazALA kholavI paDI; jemake gAyakavADAne vaDAdarAmAM, 10 paraMtu AvI TaMkazALA khUlI te pahelAM A saradArA potAnA vistAramAM rAjA zAhu tathA prAraMbhika pezavAonuM calaNa vAparatA. 11 AnA kAraNe gujarAtanA keTalAka bhAgomAM marAThAnA sikkA calaNamAM hatA. zivarAya ke chatrapati tarIke eLakhAtA sikkA, zrI sikkA, malhArazAhI tathA cAMdArI rUpiyA, hAlI tathA gaNapati sikkA vagere nikaTatAne kAraNe dakSiNa gujarAtanA muMbaI taraphanA bhAgAmAM calaNamAM hatA. puNenI TaMkazALanA akuzI rUpiyA cheka amadAvAdanI TakazALamAM pADavAneA ullekha maLe che.12 mughala zahenazAhanA nAmavALA aMkuzI rUpiyA mulAnA sAmAnya prakAranA rUpiyA jevA ja hatA; phakta khIjI bAjue phArasI lakhANa sAthe hAthInA aMkuzanuM cihna hatu. e vajanamAM 175 greina tathA kadamAM *8 thI *85 se.mI. vyAsanA hatA. chatrapati paisA upara mukhya bAjue nAgarImAM rAjAnuM nAma

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rAjyataMtra [ 269 tathA bIjI bAju "chatrapati " lakhAtuM. zivarAya rUpiyAne ulekha maLe che. paNa e upalabdha thayA nathI. 13 zrI sikakA upara devanAgarImAM "zrI" lakheluM hoya che. lakhANa phArasImAM hoya che. cAMderI rUpiyA upara phArasI lakhANanI vacce pAMca TapakAM tathA eka alpavirAma cihna jevuM kazALanuM nizAna hoya che. 14 gaNapati-sikakA upara, phArasI lakhANa sAthe nAgarI "" hoya che. 15 vaDodarAnA gAyakavADanA sikkA gujarAtamAMthI aneka sthaLoethI gAyakavADanA sikkA meTI saMkhyAmAM maLe che ane e vividha prakAranA hoya che. sayAjI 1 lA(177I1778 )thI agAunA maLatA nathI. ene rUpiyo siyAzAhI kahevAto, paraMtu, pachIthI rAjyarakSaka phatehasiMhanA bIjA nAma bAbAsAheba uparathI e bAbA zAhI kahevAyo. cAMdInA aradhA, pAva tathA be AnA paNa A prakAranA hatA. tAMbAno sikko paise kahevAto. briTiza rUpiyo calaNamAM AvyA tyAre so briTiza rUpiyAnA judA judA samaye 112 thI 120 bAbAzAhI maLatA. emAM cAMdInuM pramANa 24 vAla hatuM, jyAre briTiza rUpiyAmAM 23 vAla hatuM, chatAM kiMmata ochI hatI, kAraNa enuM vajana ochuM hatuM. mukhya bAjue akabara bIjAnuM nAma, khitAbo tathA hijarI varSa phArasImAM lakhAtAM. bIjI bAjue be nAgarI akSara lakhAtA, jemAM prathama rAjyakartAnA nAmane prathamAkSara tathA bIje gAyakavADane prathamAkSara "gA" hato. eka vadhArAnI UbhI lITI A bane akSare bAjue AlekhAtI. "mAnusa phormyulA', TaMkazALanuM nAma (phArasImAM) tathA rAjyacihna tarIke kaTAra darzAvAtI. rUpiyA 170 greIna vajana tathA 85 vyAsanA tathA paisA 150 greina vajananA tathA *7 thI 75 IcanA hatA. 17 I.sa. 1800 mAM ANaMdarAva gAyakavADa gAdIe AvyA. ene bAbAzAhI rUpiyA upayukta prakAranA ja hatA. tathA jA jA akSara uparathI oLakhI zakAtA. viziSTa cihna tarIke kaTAra dhyAna kheMcAya tema darzAvAtI. paisA laMbacerasa prakAranA paNa hatA (151; 50 thI 72).18 dezI rAjyonA sikkA mughala marAThA tathA briTizanI vividha sattA vacce keTalAka dezI rAjAo pitAnA sikakA pADavA lAgyA. emaNe zarUAtanA sikkAo upara bAdazAhanuM nAma tathA khitAbe cAlu rAkhyA, paraMtu vadhArAmAM pitAnA rAjyanuM

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ra70 ] marAThA kAla [ 5. sUcaka cihna agara eka be akSara umeryo. 1 kAlakrame bAdazAhanuM nAma nAbUda thayuM ane enuM sthAna rAjAnA nAme lIdhuM. lakhANa be bhASAomAM ne koI vAra traNa bhASAomAM paNa thatAM. sikkAnA parigha karatAM bIbuM moTuM hovAthI lakhANane ceDA bhAga tathA ghaNI vakhata TaMkazALanuM nAma aMkita thaI zakatAM nahi, kAraNa ke TaMkazALanuM nAma lakhANane cheDe AvatuM. sAmAnya rIte rUpiyA ekama gaNAtuM, paraMtu karacha jUnAgaDha navAnagara tathA porabaMdaramAM kerI ekama gaNAtI. enI kiMmata rUpiyAnA cothA bhAga jeTalI hatI. kaccha rAjyanA sikkA badhAM dezI rAjyamAM sikkA pADavAnI pahela kaccha karI hatI. A sikkAo upara mughala bAdazAhane badale gujarAtanA sulatAnanuM nAma lakhavAmAM AvatuM. 1758 mAM dezaLajI 1 lA (1714-1741) tathA rAva lakhapata (1741-1760)nA sikkA pracalita hatA. dezaLajInA sikkA upara gujarAtanA sulatAna muhammadazAha 2 nuM nAma aMkita thatuM. phArasImAM lakhelA A nAmanI nIce nAgarImAM "rAuzrI dezaLajI" lakhAtuM. bIjI bAju phArasI lakhANa TaMkazALanA nAma sAthe tathA cIpiyA AkAranI kaTAranuM cihna darzAvAtuM. eka tolA jeTalA vajananA tathA 6 thI 8 iMca vyAsanA tAMbAnA zrI galA pracalita hatA. rAva lakhapatanA sikkA upara sulatAna mujhapharazAhanuM nAma lakhAtuM. sikkAnuM pita dilhInA sulatAnanA sikkA jevuM hatuM. phArasI lakhANa uparAMta eka bAju trizula tathA bIjI bAju kaTAranAM viziSTa cihna darzAvAtAM. 21 nAgarI lakhANa "mahArAje zrI lakhapata" hatuM. hijarI varSa 978 baMnenA sikkA upara aMkita karavAmAM AvatuM. e pachI geDacha ra jAnA 1760-1778 vaccenA evA ja prakAranA sikakA hatA. e pachI rAyadhaNajI 2 jAnA dokaDA tathA tAMbiyA calaNamAM AvyA. prakAramAM e dezaLajInA DhagalA jevA ja hatA, paraMtu dekaDAnuM vajana aradhA telAthI vadhAre tathA eno vyAsa 6 ica hato; tAMbiye vajanamAM 325 tolAne tathA kadamAM 5 Icana hato. '1814-1819 vacce bhAramala 2 jAe cAMdInI kerIo pADI hatI. mukhya bAjue phArasImAM sulatAna muhammadazAha 2 jAnuM nAma tathA "rAuzrI bhAramalajI' nAgarImAM lakhAtuM. trizuLanuM cihna paNa aMkita thatuM. vajana Azare kuM tela tathA vyAsa 5 thI 6 IMca rakhAtAM. bIjI bAju phArasI lakhANa sAthe TaMkazALanuM nAma bhUja' darzAvAtuM.

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rAjyataMtra [271 porabaMdara rAjyanA sikkA mujhaphapharazAhanA nAmavALI tathA phArasI lakhANanI nIce nAgarImAM "zrI rANa" lakhelI rANAzAhI karIe ribaMdaramAM aDhAramI sadInI trIjI pacIsImAM pracalita hatI. AvI kerIo pADavAnI zarUAta rANA saratAnajI(rAjyarahaNa 1757) athavA enA putra pRthirAje karelI arajI tathA pAva korIo paNa hatI. rANuzAhI korInI kiMmata 1820mAM saurASTramAM briTiza hakUmata thaI tyAre so rUpiyA barAbara 330 kerInI thatI. dokaDA, tAMbiyA ane DhIMgalA paNa calaNamAM hatA ane eka korInA 64 dokaDA maLatA.23 bhAvanagara rAjyanA sikakA A rAjyanA prAcInatama sikkA vakhatasiMhajI(1772-1816)ne tAMbAnA maLe che. enA upara mughala zahenazAha zAhajahAM 3 jAnuM nAma phArasImAM darzAvAtuM. " zAhajahAMe phulusa nAmane zukanavaMto sikko pADavo' evA arthanuM lakhANu mukhya bAjue tathA bIjI bAjue phArasImAM TaMkazALanuM nAma tathA nAgarImAM "bahAdUra " lakhAtuM (122; 75 ). lakhANanI nIce ADI talavAra darzAvAtI.24 bIjA prakAramAM talavArane badale nAgarImAM "ga 1" lakhAtuM (110; *75).15 jUnAgaDha rAjyanA sikkA A rAjyanI kerIo dIvAnazAhI kerI tarIke oLakhAya che. 1735 mAM zerakhAna bAbIe junAgaDha jItyuM, paraMtu dIvAnazAhI korIo 1811 mAM gAdIe Avela bahAdurakhAnathI vahelA samayanI maLatI nathI. enA upara phArasImAM mughala bAdazAha akabara 2 jAnuM nAma tathA nIce nAgarImAM "zrI dIvAna" lakheluM hoya che. bIjI bAju mathALe hijarI varSa, enI nIce nAgarI bA." enI nIce phArasImAM TaMkazALanuM "janAgaDha' nAma hoya che. lakhANanI jamaNI tathA DAbI bAjue nAgarI "gaDa' zabda tathA nAgarI AMkaDAmAM vikrama saMvata hoya che (70-72, 58 thI 62 ). aDadhI karI paNa hatI (34-35, 25thI 52)ra7 so rUpiyAnI 360 kerI thatI.28 A rAye tAMbAnA dokaDA paNa pADyA hatA. navAnagara rAjyanA sikkA jAma chatrasAla( satAjI) 1568-69mAM gAdIe AvyuM tyAre teNe gujarAtanA sulatAnanI rajA laI kerI pADavAnI zarUAta karI hatI, paraMtu ene mahamUdI" kahevI evI zarata sulatAne karelI. pachIthI e mahamUdI kerI tarIke

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272 ] sADA kAla [31. jANItI thaI. 29 jo ke marAThAkAla pachInI jAvibhAjI tathA raNamalajInI kArIe upalabdha che, paNa e pahelAMnI upalabdha thaI nathI. alabatta, e sulatAnanu nAma, hijarI varSAM 978 tathA nAgarI 'zrIjAma' lakhANa dharAvatI haze ema anumAna thaI zake. sthAnika navAbAnA sikkA uparyukta dezI rAjyo uparAMta surata tathA bharUcanA navASAnA sikkA pracalita hatA. suratanA navA 6749 mAM phrencone sikkA pADavAnI maMjUrI ApI hatI. ethI 1749 pahelAM tathA pachI paNa navAbanA sikkA calaNamAM hovA joIe. 1793 mAM mulAne suratane rUpiyA samagra muMbaI ilAkAmAM calaNa tarIke mAnya thayA hatA.31 suratanA navAba sAthenA karAra mujaba briTiza rUpiyA tathA navAbane rUpiyA levaDadevaDamAM samAna gaNAtA. navAbatI sattA I.sa. 1800 mAM nAkhU thaI tyAMsudhI Ama cAlyu. navAkhAnA rUpiyA upara mughala bAdazAhanuM nAma, rAjyAreAhaNa kramadarzaka va tathA talavAranuM cihna hatuM . vajana 170 thI 175 greina hatuM. TaMkazALanuM nAma 'surata' paNa phArasImAM lakhAtuM. 350 greina vajananA be rUpiyAnA sikko paNa hatA.32 bharUcanA navASThAe paNa zAhaAlama 2 jAnA nAmanA rUpiyA tathA aradhA pADayA hatA, jenA upara mughalAnA sAmAnya prakAranA sikkA jevAM phArasI lakhANa, TaMkazALanuM nAma 'bharUca' tathA TaMkazALanI nizAnI tarIke puSpa jevI AkRti pADavAmAM AvatI,33 porTugIjha sikkA gujarAtamAM porTugala vasAhatA damaNu tathA dIvamAM hatI, zarUAtamAM te sthaLe TaMkazALA hatI ane saurASTramAM A sikakA calaNamAM paNa hatA. calaNAnA vaividhyamAM gujarAta karatAM saurASTra mokhare rahyuM che. mulAnI maheArA tathA rUpiyAnA mukhya calaNa sAthe gAyakavADAnI sattA jAmatAM bAbAzAhI rUpiyA calaNa mAMAvyo. jAmazAhI dIvAnazAhI ane rANAzAhI kArIe uparAMta porTugIjha tathA s spaeNniza rIjha paNa calaNamAM hatA. poTugIjha rIjhanI pratiSThA UMcI hatI.34 ' 1685 mAM sthapAyelI dIvanI TaMkazALa cheka 1859 sudhI cAlu hatI. pa pATugIjha sikakAnAM nAma pauratya zabdo uparathI paDathAM che. * jherAphIna ' ( IrAnI 'azaraphI' uparathA ), pAraDe, TAMgA, rUpiyA( bhArata ), rakha

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muM] rAjyataMtra [] 273 (arebiyA), bajhArUko ( IrAna-bhArata mizra), paraMtu sikkA uparanAM cihno parasya prakAranAM nathI. 1761thI laeNTinane badale aMgrejImAM lakhANo thavA lAgyAM. A sikkAo upara pATugIjha rAjacihna tathA rAjAo saMto ke dharmaguruonA "kaisa' darzAvavAmAM AvatA. 1741 thI jyorjane krosa tathA enA cAra kATakhUNAmAM IsunA varSanA cAra AMkaDA AlekhAtA. 1765 mAM varSa kresamAM darzAvavAne badale kinArIe darzAvAtuM. 1781 mAM dIvamAMthI DI. peDrI 3jA tathA meriyA 1 lInA saMyukta uttarAMgavALA sikkA paDayA hatA. pAchaLa TaMkazALanuM nAma "DI.AI.o." evI joDaNIthI aMgrejImAM lakhAtuM. bIjI bAjunA rAjyacihnanI zailI kalAmaya banI tathA tAjanuM cihna paNa bahu nAjuka banyuM. 1806 thI saMta Tomasano 'krosa darzAvAto. varSa kinArIe lakhAtuM. AvA rUpiyA, aradhA tathA pA rUpiyA hatA.37 aDhAramI sadImAM tAMbAnA "atiyA', aradhA tathA 5 "atiyA" paNa hatA, jenA upara Isune kaisa darzAvAto. dIvanA rAphInanI kiMmata aradhA rUpiyA jeTalI thatI ane 2 rAphIna, kerAphIna tathA aradhA rAphInanA sikkA hatA. e anukrame 180, 90 tathA 45 greIna vajananA hatA. rIjha nAmanA sikkA upara rAjAnuM uttarAMga darzAvAtuM. paMdara, bAra, daza, pAMca aThI rIjhanA sikkA paDatA. 1758-65 vacce senAne 12 rAphInano sikko pracalita hato. tenA peTAvibhAgo 8, 4 ane 2 perAphInanA hatA.38 eka senAnA pAraDe barAbara cAMdInA 5 TAMgA ane 300 rIjha thatA. kenca kaMpanInA sikkA phrenca paNa vepAra mATe AvyA hatA ane teoe 1668 mAM suratamAM koThI nAkhI hatI. 1749 mAM suratanA navAbe phrencane sikkA pADavA maMjUrI ApI tyAre emaNe ahamadazAhanA nAmanA rAjyArohaNanA bIjA varSanA sikkA pADyA hatA. 1793 thI 1816 vaccenAM keTalAMka varSomAM paMDIcerI aMgrejonI hakUmatamAM hatuM tyAre phe-cAe peDIcerIne badale suratathI zAhaAlama 2 jAnA nAmanA sikkA pADayA hatA, je dezI banAvaTanA tathA TaMkazALanAM kaI cihna vinAnA hatA.39 briTiza IsTa inDiyA kaMpanInA sikkA zAhI mughala sikkA 1800 sudhI calaNamAM rahyA. e ja varSamAM eTale ke hijarI 1215 mAM zAhI calaNanI sAthe sAthe muMbaInI TaMkazALamAM pADelI kaMpanInI mahore tathA rUpiyA calaNamAM AvyA. muMbaImAM pADelA A sikkAo upara I-7-18

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ra74 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. surata TaMkazALanuM nAma darzAvAyuM che. mughala sikkAo paNa haju DAM varSa sudhI bahAra paDatA rahyA. 1800 thI 1835 sudhI kaMpanInuM calaNa pracalita hatuM. kaMpanInA sikkA be prakAranA hatA : dezI banAvaTanA eTale ke hAyakArIgarInA tathA videzI banAvaTanA-mazinathI banAvelA. dezI banAvaTanAM rUpiyA tathA mahore nIcenA prakAranAM hatAM. : 1. mukhya bAjue laMbagoLamAM varSa tathA bIjI bAju nAnA tAjanA cihnavALA. 2. mukhya bAjue tAjanuM cihna tathA bIjI bAju rAjyakAlanA 46 mA varSavALA. 3. tAjanA cihna vagaranA. videzI banAvaTanA sikkA : 1. baMne bAju kinArIe rekhAo vaDe dorelAM valavALA tathA mazinamAM dAbelI dhAravALA. 2. baMne bAju sAdI dhAra tathA AMkAvALI kinArIvALA. 3. baMne bAju sAdI dhAra tathA upaselI kinAra vALA. videzI banAvaTanA dareka sikkA upara mukhya bAjune mathALe hijarI varSa 1215 (I. sa. 1800)nuM varSa darzAvAtuM. muMbaIno TApu meLavyA pachI turata ja kaMpanIe aMgrejI lakhANavALA sikkA muMbaI tathA AjubAjunA vistAro mATe pAThavyA hatA, paraMtu vepAra mATe dezabharamAM A sikkAone bahoLo phelAvo thaI zakavo nahi tethI pitAnI TaMkazALa hovA chatAM senAcAMdInI pATo sikakA pADavA mughala TaMkazALomAM melavI paDatI agara te pitAnI TaMkazALamAMthI mughalenI banAvaTanA sikkA pADavA paDatA. muMbaInI TaMkazALamAMthI mughalenA sikkA pADavAnI zAhI maMjUrI 1717 mAM teoe meLavI paNa hatI ane suratanI TaMkazALanAM vajana tathA e prakAranA sikkA pADyA paNa hatA. 18mI sadInI zarUAtamAM TInanA paisA tathA be paisA kaMpanIe pADyA. mukhya bAjue aMgrejI rAjamugaTa, aMgrejI akSara "jI. Ara." tathA muMbaInA sUcaka aMgrejI zabda "khe tathA bIjI bAjue zarUAtamAM phakta laeNTina lakhANa darzAvAtuM, paNa pachIthI kaMpanInI "zIlDa" umerAI. e pachInAM varSomAM mukhya bAjue hadayanA AkAranI AkRtimAM aMgrejI akSare vI. I. AI.sI." tathA mathALe phArasI cegaDAvALA ane bIjI bAju trAjavAM tathA mathALe phArasI zabda adala'(nyAya )vALA sikakA paDayA hatA.3 upasaMhAra upara darzAvelA sikakAo paikI ghaNA prakAranA sikkA gujarAtamAM makAno vagerenA pAyA khodatAM ke khetaramAMthI maLelA nidhiomAMthI maLyA che, paraMtu maLelA nidhi paikI ghaNAne prasiddhi maLatI nathI. keTalAka nidhi niSNAto

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7 su* ] [ 205 sudhI laI javAyA nathI tethI eALakhAyA nathI. AvA nidhionI mAhitI paNa eka sthaLe maLatI nathI, paraMtu Do. paramezvarIlAla gupte gujarAtanA sikkAnidhienI pustikA lakhI che. emAMnA ghaNA nidhi eLakhAyA nathI chatAM A pustikA itihAsane upakAraka agatyanI mAhitI pUrI pADe che. A pustikAmAMthI 1758-1818 vacce calaNamAM hatA tevA sikkAnI sakSipta mAhitI atre ApavI jarUrI lAge che. rAjyatatra muhammadazAha tathA pInA mughalAtA sikkAo mukhyatve surata jillAnA coryAMsI vistAramAMthI kAmareja tAlukAnA kaThorathI tathA vyArA tAlukAnA kapUrAmAMthI maLyA che. amadAvAda jillAnA dasakrAI tAlukAmAM uvArasada, dhaMdhukA tAlukAnA *miyAlA, mahIkAMThAmAM khArI nadInA paTamAMthI tathA chUTAchavAyA sikkA paMcamahAlanA kAleAlamAMthI maLyA che. dezI rAjyAnA sikakAomAM dazakreAInA vAlADa gAmethI maLelI kerIe tathA vaDAdarA jillAnAM ghaNAM sthaLeA uparAMta kheDA jillAnA kaThalAlamAM tathA pAMcamahAlanA kaNajarI( hAleAla tAlukA )mAM maLelA ANaMdarAva gAyakavADanA sikkAnA ullekha karavA joIe. bharUcanA navAbeAnA sikkAonA e sArA nidhi maLyA che. vaDAdarA jillAnA kAmareja tAlukAnA zAlA gAme cAMdInA 11para sikkA maLelA temAM bharUcanA rUpiyA tathA aMkalezvaramAM rUpiyA tathA ardhA maLyA che. marAThA sikkA dazakrAInA uvArasadamAMthI, dhALakAnA calADAmAMthI ( sikakAI rUpiyA ), amadAvAda zaheramAM zAhapuramAMthI tathA bharUca zaheramAMthI maLyA che. IsTa inDiyA kampanInA sikkA paMcamahAlanA kaNajarI tathA chUTAchavAyA bharUcathI prApta thayA che. inDo-poTu gIjha sikkA dakSiNa gujarAtamAM sivAsA( vApI thaIne )mAM maLyA che. pAdaTIpa 1. P. L. Gupta, Coins, p. 125 2. izvara eka ja che ane muhammada izvaranA pega'bara che' evA athanI kurAnanI taja phArasImAM (lA IlAha illalADa muhammadura sulullAha ). 3. phArasI * bAdazAha gAjhI '. 4. phArasI 'sikke mubAraka '. pu. phArasI * maimanata mAnusa sana julusa ', ` AvA lakhANanA ullekha have pachI * mAnusa phormyuOlA ' tarIke karavAmAM Avaze. .

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ra76 ] marAThA kAla [ pra 6. AvI rIte kasamAM batAvelI prathama saMkhyA greInamAM vajana tathA bIjI icamAM | mAya batAve che. 7 "sikaI jhaghu bara haphata kivara hAmI dIna mahammada zAhaAlama bAdazAha." 8. "sikre jhada bara vArasa tAja va takhta zAhajahAM mahammada bIdArabakhta.' 6. Numismetic Supplement, (NS), Vol. XXXVII (233). 17 (24 P. L. Gupta, op.cit., pp, 133f. 20. Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (JBBRAS), Vol, XX, pp. 198 ff. 11. Jonrnal of Numismatic Society of India (INSI), Vol. XXXVII, p. 102 12. 2. bI. jeTa, gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda', pR. 205 23. JBBRAS, Vol. XX, pp. 198ff. 98. INSI, Vol. IV, pp. 73ff 24. Ibid., Vol. XXXVIII, p. 107 14. Baroda Gazetteer, Vol. I, pp. 353ff. 17-18. John Allan, Catalogue of Coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, Vol. IV, pp. 160f. 19. P. L. Guta, op.cir, p. 169 20. John Allan, op.cit., Vol. IV, pp. 185f and pl. X, Coin No. 12 22. JBBRAS, Vol. XVII. p. 51 2 2. Ibid., Vol. XVII, p. 56 23. zaM. ha. dezAI, "saurASTrane itihAsa", pR. 755 24-25. John, Allan, or.cit, Vol. IV, p. 175 25. Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 178 20. loid., Vol. IV, 179, pl. X, Coin No. 6 28. zaM, ha. dezAI, upayukta, pR. 755 29. ejana, 5 547 30. P. L. Gupta, op.cit., p. 152 31. Ibid., p. 159. 32. NS, Vol. IV (40), p. 133 33. JNSI, Vot. v, p. 79 34. zaM. ha. dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 707 35. JNSI, Vol. III, pt. II, p. 116 36. JBBRAS, Vol. XVI, pp. 17ff. 37. JNSI, Vol. III, pl. II, p. 120 34. JBBRAS, Vol. XVI, pp. 17ff. 34. P. L. Gupta, op.cit., pp. 151f. Xo. JBBRAS, Vol. XXII, pp. 245ff. 89. Ibid, Vol. XXII, p. 270 42. P. L. Gupta, op.cit, pp. 153-55 43. Ibid, pp. 157-59

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khaMDa 3 sAMskRtika itihAsa prakaraNa 8 sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti I. sa. 1758 nA phebruArInI ra7 mI tArIkhe amadAvAda marAThAone kabaje AvyuM ane amadAvAdamAM gAyakavADa ane pezavAno saMyukta amala zarU thayo tyArathI sATha varSa sudhI gujarAta upara marAThAonuM rAjakIya Adhipatya rahyuM. A samayamAM agAunA mughalakAlanA mukAbale sAmAjika sthitimAM koI gaNanApAtra bhinnatA jaNAtI nathI, sivAya ke rAjyakartAnI lebhavRtti ane ganImagIrInA kAraNe sAmAjika jIvana kSubdha ane asthira hatuM, tathA enI sIdhI asara prajAnI Arthika ane vepArI avanatirUpe thaI hatI. marAThA -zAsakenuM ane emAMye pezavAnA sUbedAronuM mukhya dhyeya "yena kena prakAreNa" prajA pAsethI nANAM kaDhAvavAnuM rahetuM. vepAranI pragati upara ke prajAnI ekaMdara sukhAkArI upara emaNe khAsa dhyAna ApyAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. maganalAla vakhatacaMda zeTha-kRta " amadAvAdane ItihAsagujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTIe (pachInI gujarAta vidyAsabhAe ) sane 1851 mAM pragaTa karyo che temAM anubhavIe pAsethI sAMbhaLIne marAThI rAjyakAlanI amadAvAdanI sthitinuM je Alekhana thayuM che temAMthI tathA anya etihAsika sAdhana-sAmagrImAMthI e samayanI rAjakIya-sAmAjika sthitinuM darzana thAya che. je sthiti pATanagara amadAvAdamAM hatI tenuM darzana eka athavA bIjI rIte prAMtanA anya bhAgomAM paNa thatuM hatuM. pariNAmano ja vicAra karIe to ATha lAkhanI vastIvALA bharyAbhAdaryA amadAvAdane muzkelIthI zvAsa letuM , lagabhaga muDaduM karI aMgrejonA hAthamAM soMpyuM te marAThAoe." rAjyanA pradeze ke mahAle ijAre ApavAno rivAja agAu na hato ema nahi, paNa marAThI rAjyamAM eno amala julamI ane sarvavyApI thayo. "vaLI sarakAranuM paNa pAMsaruM nahi ke je mahAla jene ijAre Apyo te mahAla te IjAradAranA tAbAmAM vIsapacIsa varasa rahe ke jethI karIne dezamAM Upaja vadhArI pitAnA IjArAmAM bharelA rUpiyA vagere vasUla karI levAnI navarAza maLI zake. paNa sarakArane dastUra e paDayo hato ane hAla paNa che ke hareka mahAla eka dhaNIne kaMIka rUpiyA mATe ijAre Apyo ane havAmAM pAMcasAta dahADAmAM athavA varasa be varasamAM koI vadhAre rUpiyA ApanAra maLe to tenI sAthe

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278 ] marAThA kAla [ pra baMdobasta karIne tene dajAre Apa-A uparathI ijAradAranA manamAM evuM rahetuM ane rahe che ke "ghaDImAM ApaNo IjAro che ne ghaDImAM nathI mATe khAdhuM te ApaNA bApanuM" evuM dhArIne eTale julama thAya eTale karI, vere nAkhI tathA daMDIne rUpiyA letA tathA le che. zaheramAM kAMI bhAguM tuTuM soca karAvatA nahi tathA zaheranA lekone sukha thAya evuM karatA nahi tathA karatA nathI, paNa eka vAta hatI ke lAva rUpiyA lAva rUpiyA. AthI vastInuM sthaLAMtara prasaMgopAtta thavA lAgyuM ane jyAM ocho julama hoya tyAM jaIne leke vasavA lAgyA. kahevAya che ke koI sAmAnya karatAM sArAM kapaDAM pahere te sUbAnA cADiyA sarakAramAM khabara Ape ane e mANasa upara paisA kaDhAvavA mATe julama thAya. paisA kaDhAvavA mATe chAtI upara paththara mUkI mANasane ribAve ema banatuM. vepArIo mAlanAM nANAMnI jAheramAM ugharANI karatAM DaratA. sArAM kapaDAM paherAya nahi eTale gADIDA te rakhAya ja kevI rIte? nagarazeTha jevA jAhera puruSane tyAM ja gADI rahetI.3 zaheramAM dhoLe divase corIo thatI. sUbA cerImAMthI cotha letA hovAthI. corane rokanAra keI nahotuM. zaheramAM keTalAMka sthaLoe to cera ane gaNyiA. Akho divasa besI rahetA, tethI khare bapore paNa e tarapha javAtuM nahi ane rAte te ekalA bahAra nIkaLatuM ja nahi.4 A sivAya bIjI ghaNIka jAtanA julama thatA te sarva vistAra sahita lakhIe te copaDAne cepaDA bharAI jAya. mATe have eka ja vAta lakhuM chuM tethI teonI rAjanIti kevI hatI te tarata mAluma paDI Avaze. e rAjyamAM hevuM cAlatuM hatuM ke "eka jaNa jaIne koIne besArI Ave te bIje jaNa jaIne tene uThADI Ave ne kadI bIje besADI Ave te eka uThADI Ave. A upara lagIra lAMbe vicAra karaze tehane mAluma paDI Avaze ke sarasubAne ghaNAMkanAM moM rAkhavAM paDatAM hatAM, kema ke je evuM na kare te bhakSa ke ANI Ape ? vaLI eka taraphanI lAMca Ape eTale tene uThADIne athavA kaMI gharabAra caNavAno TaTe hoya te caNavAnI rajA ApIne sAmAvALAne besAre te jyAre te lAMca Ape tyAre tene uThADI pelI imArata pADI nAkhavAno. hukama kare tathA pahelavahele jene besADavo hoya tene pharI besADe, evI rIte gAyakavADa pivAnA sarasubAnA vakhatamAM cAlatuM hatuM ne eka vADo hevI rIte thayela che tethI ene "sanArUpAnI daTano vADe " kahe che."5

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sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti | [ ra79 amadAvAdamAM sUbedAra rAghurAmacaMdra kAcA kAnane hovAthI baherA" tarIke oLakhAto ! tenA samayamAM sarakAramAM lekanI cADI karanAra cADiyAono mATe samudAya hato. teo keInA gharanI gametevI vAta karatA ane kenI pAse keTalI pUche che enI sAcI-beTI bAtamI lAvatA. sUbAne to eTaluM ja joItuM hatuM. ene pariNAme sUbo temaja cADiyA baMnenuM kAma thatuM. cADiyAonuM ToLuM eTaluM moTuM hatuM ke eka vAra e leke bAra maNa dUdhano dUdhapAka khAI gayA hatA ! emano eka AgevAna otiyo (uttamacaMda) nAme hato ane e sUbAne mAnIta hato. eka vAra otiyAe sadubA nAme eka bAroTa strInA cAritrya upara ALa mUkatI cADI sUbA AgaLa khAdhI, tethI cADiyAo viruddha prajAmAM meTuM tephAna thayuM ane emAM otiyo ane godhiyo (geradhana) nAme be cADiyA mAryA gayA hatA. aMdhera-vahIvaTa sAme prajAne e prakopa hato. AmAM apavAda paNa hatA. I. sa. 1800mAM raghunAtha mahIpata nAme sarasUbA AvyA. lekamAM e "kAkA sAheba" tarIke oLakhAtA. emaNe mulakamAM sAro baMdobasta karyo. gAyakavADanI havelIne kaTa vadhAryo tathA kAMkariyuM sUkuM rahetuM hatuM temAM pANI lAvavAnI vyavasthA karI ane amadAvAdano koTa agAunA bakheDAomAM paDI gayela te samarAvyo. emanI dasa varasanI sUbAgIrImAM zAMti rahI. koI paNa arajadArane kAkA sAheba tarachoDatA nahi. gujarAtanA - khAsa karIne amadAvAdanA samAja-jIvanamAM eka agatyane banAva emanA samayamAM banyo. keI mANasa gujarI jAya tyAre enA vArasane aneka kara bharavA paDatA ane milakata maLavAmAM ghaNuM harakata thatI. I. sa. 1818 mAM vaDodarAthI mahArAjA gAyakavADanI savArI amadAvAda AvI tyAre nagarazeTha vakhatacaMda khuzAlacaMdanI AgevAnI nIce zaherIo A bAbatamAM emane araja karavA gayA. A uparathI hukama karavAmAM AvyuM ke maranAra mANasano chokare athavA chokarIne chokaro vArasa thAya ane chokarIne chokaro na hoya to chekarI pite vArasa thAya. A bAbatane zilAlekha traNa daravAjA upara mUkavAmAM Avyo hate. I. sa. 1781 mAM jemsa phense amadAvAdanI mulAkAta lIdhI tenuM varNana emaNe pitAnA graMtha "eriyenTala kaeNmeyasa'mAM ApyuM che. e uparathI eka samayanuM A mahAnagara kevI avanata sthitimAM AvI paDayuM hatuM ene khyAla Ave che. zaheranI bahAra keTalAMya vidyAM sudhI ujajaDa verAna bhUmi

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280 ) marAThA kAla (pra. paDI hatI ane eka samayanAM AbAda paranAM te khaMDera ja rahyAM hatAM tathA emAM vAgha ajagara ane ziyALAno vAsa hato. zaherane koTa ghaNI jagAe paDI gayo hato. rAjamArgo upara agAunA pravAsIoe joyelI suMdara vRkSonI hAra have nahotI ane rastAmAM jaDelA paththara UkhaDI gayelA hatA. zaheramAM paNa aneka sthaLoe khaMDera ane verAna jevuM hatuM. vaTavAthI amadAvAda AvatAM jyAM hArabaMdha dukAno ane bajAra hatAM tyAM tUTI paDatAM mahele ane khaMDero dekhAtAM hatAM ane kaI moTA rAjadhAnInA zahera najIka AvIe chIe ema lAgatuM nahi. e samayanA amadAvAdanuM varNana ThIka vigato sAthe jemsa phense ApyuM che ane e samayanAM khaMDero uparathI anumAna karyuM che ke eka samaye amadAvAdanA mahele ane bagIcAo bagadAda ane basarAnAM "arebiyana nAITrasa nI vArtAomAM AvatAM varNane anurUpa haze. pUrvanA eka mahattama pAyatanta amadAvAdanI hAlanI sthiti sUnakAra ane verAna che ema e noMdhe che. 10 kheDAnA kalekaTara mi. Danalope I. sa. 1817 mAM amadAvAdane kabaje lIdhe tyAre zaheranI vastI mAtra eMzI hajAra hatI.11 ApaNe abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDamAM gujarAtamAM anya mukhya nagaranI ane ekaMdare AkhA pradezanI Arthika sthitine vicAra karatAM pahelAM e samayamAM AvI paDelI duSkALa jevI kudaratI AphatonI keTalIka vigate joIe. I. sa. 176 1(vi. saM. 1817)mAM amadAvAda AsapAsanA vistAramAM eka meTo duSkALa paDayo hato tyAre rogacALo phATavAthI hajAre mANasa marakImAM maraNa pAmyAM hatAM. emane dATavA bALavA mATe mANasa ke vyavasthA nahi hovAthI nAvArasa mANasanAM muDadAM sarakAra taraphathI sAbaramatInA kinAre kADhI nAkhavAmAM AvatAM. AsapAsanAM gAmaDAMnA bhUkhe maratA leka TaLavaLatAM chokarAMone vecavA mATe zaheramAM ekatra thatA hatA. evI rIte eka be rUpiyAmAM chokarAM vecAtAM. rAjyanI keTalA vistAranI jamInamAM duSkALa paDele ane nivAraNa mATe zA upAya levAmAM AvelA enI vigato maLatI nathI, paNa A duSkALa pachI lAgalagaTa sAta varSa sudhI anAjanA bhAva vadhelA rahyA hatA. sAdhAraNa jAtanuM anAja eka rUpiyAnuM vIsa zera maLatuM. I.sa. 1790-91(vi.sa.1847)mAM paDela dukALa "suDatALo" tarIke oLakhAya che ane kupaNa mANasa mATe tiraskAra vyakta karavA mATe enA gharamAM suDatALe cAle che e rUDhiprayoga e uparathI pracalita thayo che. je anAja sAdhAraNa

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8 muM ) sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti ( ra81 rIte cAra Ane maNa vecAtuM te be rUpiye maNa vecAvA lAgyuM. ghaNAM mANaso e samaye gujarAtamAMthI mALavA cAlyAM gayAM hatAM. I. sa. 1812-13( vi. saM.1869)mAM AkhA gujarAtamAM eka bhayaMkara duSkALa paDayo hato. je "agaNota kALa" tarIke prasiddha che. enA AgalA varSe saM. 1868 mAM varasAda thayo hato, paNa tIDanAM ToLAM tamAma pAka khAI gayAM tethI anAjanI bhAre taMgI paDI. eka rUpiyAnA ATha zera ghauM ane pAMca zera maga maLatA tathA DAMgara ke cekhA te kakyAMya dekhAtAM ja nahotAM. bhAravADanA dukALagrasta leke gujarAtamAM AvavAthI ahIMnuM saMkaTa vadhyuM hatuM. baMgALA ane bIjA pradezomAMthI dholerA baMdare anAja AyAta karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. kekAromAM dATeluM jaththAbaMdha anAja bahAra kADhI vecavAmAM AvyuM ane mahAjanoe paNa dukALa-rAhatamAM sAre bhAga lIdho hato. regacALo paNa khUba phATI nIkaLyo hato. amadAvAdamAM rojanuM cAraso-pAMcaso bhANasa maratuM e uparathI AkhA gujarAtamAM kevI sthiti haze e kapI zakAya che muDadAMne bALavA mATe joItAM lAkaDAM na maLavAthI bAMdhelAM gharane kATamALa toDIne e upayogamAM levo paDyo hato ane DAdhu tarIke pUratA puruSa nahi maLavAthI strIone paNa e kAma karavuM paDyuM hatuM. mAravADano mau" gujarAtamAM eTalo ekatra thayo hato ke keIthI khAvAnuM laI bahAra nIkaLatuM nahi. senuM rUpuM ane motI ghaNuM seMghAM thaI gayAM hatAM, paNa ghaNI vAra e lenAra bhaLatuM nahi. amadAvAdanA sarasUbA rAmacaMdra kRSNa eTalI kALajI rAkhI hatI ke zaheramAM AvatuM anAja ekasAmaTuM vecAvA dIdhuM nahi, eka mANasane eka rUpiyA karatAM vadhAre kiMmatanuM anAja maLe nahi ane eka mANasane divasamAM bIjI vAra maLe nahi evI vyavasthA paNa karI, AthI garIba vastIne kaMIka rAhata thaI ane jAnahAninuM pramANa ghaTayuM.14 aneka paropakArI lekoe paNa A mahAna kudaratI saMkaTane haLavuM karavA mATe hAtha / laMbAvyo hato. agaNotarA kALamAM anAtha banelAM bALakonA Azraya mATe merabI pAse vavANiyAmAM annakSetra ane AzrayasthAna sthApanAra AhIra saMta rAmabAI, jeo svaracita bhajanamAM pitAne "rAmu" tarIke oLakhAve che temanuM pradAna smaraNIya che. rAmabAInuM avasAna TheTha I. sa. 1878 (saM. 1934) mAM thayuM hatuM. emano Azrama Aje paNa vavANiyAmAM che. 15 have, mukhya nagara sameta gujarAta pradezanI Arthika sthitine vicAra karIe. I. sa. 1783 mAM khaMbhAtanA navAba momInakhAnanuM avasAna thayuM tyAre

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282 ] marAThA kAla [pra eka samayanA mahAnagara ane AbAda baMdara khaMbhAtanI sthiti kaI rIte sArI nahatI. a greja koThInA lAla sivAya keInuM moTuM ghara tyAM nahotuM ane loke pAse karaverAnA paisA nahatA. e nagaranI mulAkAte AvI, navAba memInakhAnanI mahemAnagati mANI gayela jemsa ble pitAnAM saMsmaraNomAM lakhe che ke pUrvanA dezanA ItihAsamAM aneka vAranuM pratiSThita khaMbhAta hAla taddana badalAI gayuM che. enI suMdaratA garIbAI sAthe bhaLI gaI che ane enA ghaNA vistAra avaDa thaI gayA che. rastA ujajaDa thaI gayA che tathA masjido. ane mahele jarjarita thayAM che. piLo paNa sUnI lAge che. jumA masjida ane rAjamahela sivAya kaI jovA lAyaka makAna jaNAtuM nathI. 17 vaLI phense lakhe che ke satata cAlatI laDAIo ane nANAbhIDanA kAraNe paDelA karaverAthI vastIne bhAre nukasAna pahoMcyuM hatuM ne ghaNA nAgarike bIje rahevA cAlyA gayA hatA. khaMbhAtanI najIkanA jaMgalamAM e samaye rAnI jAnavare sArA pramANamAM hatAM. khaMbhAtathI vIseka ki.mI. dUra sAbaramatIne kinAre eka aMgreja TALIe siMhano zikAra karyAnuM phense lakhe che. 18 Ane artha e thayo ke saurASTranA siMha tyAM sudhI paNa AvatA haze. prAcIna kAlathI khaMbhAtamAM akIkane udyoga hato ane 18 mI sadI sudhI paNa e eka mukhya dhaMdhA tarIke cAlu hato. khaMbhAtane kApaDa udyoga paNa e ja rIte prasiddha hate. khaMbhAta "duniyAnuM vastra' kahevAtuM, kemake bhAratanA bIjA bhAgamAM baneluM kApaDa paNa khaMbhAtathI paradeza caDatuM. TheTha 18mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM paNa khaMbhAtanI adhI vastI varNATakAmanA kArIgaronI hatI ane khaMbhAtanA kArIgarone muMbaI laI javAnI vAta paNa thayelI. 18 mI sadImAM aMgrejI keDInA patravyavahAramAM mAlanI kharIdImAM khaMbhAtamAM pedA thatI kApaDanI aneka jAtanAM nAma ApyAM che. 21 majabUta ane ekadama UghaDe nahi tevA tALA mATe "khaMbhAtI tALuM " e rUDhiprayoga gujarAtI bhASAmAM prasiddha che e batAve che ke khaMbhAtanAM tALAM eka kALe vakhaNAtAM. 18 mI sadInI adhavadha pachI rAjakIya asthiratAnA kAraNe khaMbhAtanA pararASTriya vepAra maMda paDI gayo hatuM, paNa akIka, hAthIdAMtane sAmAna ane kApaDa e mukhya nikAsa hatI. e sadInAM chevaTanAM varSomAM jADuM raMgIna kApaDa moTA pramANamAM AphrikA jatuM tathA mIThuM ane tamAkunI paNa nikAsa thatI. 22 bharUca paNa kApaDa udyoganuM sAruM kedra hatuM ane ogaNIsamI sadInA prAraMbhamAM bharUcathI paradeza mokalavA mATe dara varSe Azare savA cAra lAkha rUpiyAnuM kApaDa taiyAra thatuM.23 sutarAu

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sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti [ 83 kApaDa uparAMta rU anAja khAMDa vagerenI nikAsa paNa bharUcathI thatI ane mALavAno badho vepAra bharUca baMdarethI cAlata. marAThAonI mulAkagarI ane avAranavAra paDatA duSkALonA kAraNe gujarAtanA vepAra-udyoga upara mAThI asara thaI hatI ane keTalAka sAhasikoe pUrva AphrikA arabastAna vagere tarapha prayANa karyuM hatuM, paNa I. sa. 1759 mAM suratane kile aMgrejonA hAthamAM AvatAM pramANamAM pravartelI zAMtinA kAraNe. suratanI vepArI ane Arthika sthiti vikAsonmukha rahI hatI. e pachI suratanI vastI paNa vadhI hatI. I. sa. 1764 mAM suratanI vastI Azare sAta lAkha ane aDhAramI sadInA aMte Azare ATha lAkha hatI. 24 kaMpanInA vahIvaTamAM suratamAM baMdobasta sudharyo ane vepAra va. I. sa. 1771 mAM suratamAM UchaLatI 9mInI cheLo, zaheranAM bajAramAM moMghA mAlanI UthalapAthala tathA e badhAmAM rokAyelI dezadezanI pacaraMgI prajAne meLe joIne jemsa pharmsane vepAravaNajanA mahAkeMdra jevI prAcIna 'TAyara' nagarI yAda AvI hatI. 25 - I. sa. 1770 mAM cInamAM duSkALa paDayo hato AthI cInanA zahenazAhe. rUnI khetInI manAI pharamAvI, AthI suratathI cIna khAte moTA pramANamAM e vepAra eTale vo ke tyAra pachInAM be eka varSa sudhI dara sAla pAMcasothI hajAra Tana sudhInAM 30 vahANa rU bharIne cIna jatAM; cIna ane anya videzamAM bIjI cIjo laIne jatA vepArI jahAje te judAM. samRddhinAM A varSomAM suratamAM sonArUpAnI pATo ane paradezI sikkA AyAta thatA. venisathI sikavinsa, jarmanIthI Dolara ane turkastAnathI sonAnA sikkA AvatA. IrAnathI cAMdInA sikkA AvatA. I. sa. 1765 mAM IsTa InDiyA kaMpanIe suratanI kaThIne sonAnA sikkA paDAvavAnuM lakhyuM ane ene amala thatAM kaMpanInuM sonAnANuM zarU thayuM. suratanA nANAvaTIo e samaye samRddha hatA ane kaMpanIne moTI rakama dhIratA.27 alabatta, keTalIka dhArmika taMgadilIo aitihAsika kAraNone lIdhe cAlu hatI ane ethI suratamAM hiMdu muslima hullaDa thayAM hatAM. I. sa. 1760 mAM gaNapati-utsava ane maheramanA tahevAra bhegA thaI gayA hatA. suratanI cotha vasUla karavA mATe e samaye marAThI sainya suratamAM hatuM. e vakhate hullaDa thayuM hatuM, paNa e gaMbhIra rUpa pakaDe tyAra pahelAM ene zAMta karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM.. bIja hullaDa I. sa. 1788 mAM devadivALInI rAtre thayuM hatuM. udhanAthaparAmAM

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284 ] [ 31. tulasIvivAhanA varaghoDA nIkaLyA enI dhamAlanA lAbha laI keTalAka musalamAnee ruvanAthaparAtA amuka bhAga lUMTI lIdhA hatA. trIju hullaDa I. sa. 1795 mAM thayuM hatuM. AdityarAma lakSmIdatta nAme brAhmaNa mATI hiMgapoLamAM rahete hatA. enA dharanI najIka masjida hatI, emAMnA kAI phakIra brAhmaNanA gharamAM corI karavA peDhI ane brAhmaNe ete mAryo. phakIre navAba nijhAmuddInane phariyAda karI eTale navAbe brAhmaNanuM ghara lUMTI levAnA hukama karyAM. e uparathI musalamAne e bhegA thaI brAhmaNanuM dhara, hiMgALa ane barAnapurI bhAgaLanuM Akhu bajAra lUMTI lIdhuM.28 marAThA kAla ' navAbI aMdhera ane marAThI ganImagIrInI tulanAe ka patI sattAe zAMti ane insApha ApyAM e kharuM, paNa ka MpanInI nyAyamudghi aMgreja kADInA vepAra ane sattA-vistAranA hetune anukULa rahIne ja kAma karatI ane e nIti abhinna-bhAratIya hatI. ricArDIsa nAme aMgreja lekhake suratanI aMgreja koDInA daphtaranA AdhAre kApaDa-udyoga ane enA kArIgarAte saMbaMdha che tyAMsudhI, I. sa. 1796 thI 1811 sudhItI kaMpanI sarakAranI kAravAI upara prakAza pADayo che. e lakhe che : suratathI je kApaDa iMglaeNnDa mekalavAmAM Avatu te meLavavA mATe bhAre julama karavAmAM AvatA. vaNukarAnI icchA na hoya teApaNu emane ka MpanInuM kAma seAMpAtuM ne jorajulamathI emanI pAse nakkI karyA pramANe kApaDa levAtuM. A julama asahya thatA tyAre vaNukarA kAma karavAne badale daMDa bharI devAnuM vadhAre pasaMda karatA. Araba Daca ane porTugIjha vepArIe ghaNI vadhAre ki`mata ApatA, paNa emane a MgrejonuM ja kAma karavu paDatu. ki Mmata ochI ApavI, tamAma kApaDa laI levuM te ijArA jevuM ja rAkhavu e tyAMnA vepArI resiDenTane spaSTa hukama hatA. AnA lIdhe eTale badhA julama thavA lAgyA ke ghaNA vaNakaroe vATatA dhaMdhA ja cheDI dIdhA, paNa kapatIne e posAya nahi eTale dhaMdhA cAlu rAkhavA vadhukaranI lazkaramAM bharatI karavI nahi evA niyama karyAM. koI paNa vaNakare aMgreja amaladAranI rajA vinA zahera bahAra javuM nahi evA paNa hukama eka vakhata te karavAmAM Avelo. navAba ane AjubAjunA dezI rAjAe mAraphata vaNukaza upara dabANa karavAmAM AvatuM ane ka MpanI sivAya bIjA kAIne mAla na apAya e mATe jAtajAtanI tarakImA thatI. a MgrejonA hAthamAM sattA AvI tyAre emaNe sthApelI adAlata dvArA paNa vaNakarAne saka MjAmAM levAnuM cAlu rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatu. suratamAM aMgreja ka MpanIe vepAra karyo tyAM sudhI

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sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti ( 285 A kuDo kArabhAra cAlu rahyo hato. I. sa. 1800 mAM keTalIka phariyAda thatAM vaNakaronuM duHkha kaMIka haLavuM thayuM haze ema lAge che. 29 | mughale pachI marAThAoe amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAM sikkA pADavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. jane pAdazAhI sikkAomAM marAThAoe DAMka cihnono pheraphAra karyo hato. emanA rUpiyAne * sikkAI' ke " zakkAI' kahetA. emAMnA keTalAka sikkA upara " zrIrAma"nI chApa paNa AvatI ane keTalAMka vepArI kuTuMbamAM dhanaterasanA divase lakSmIpUjana mATe A prakAranA sikkAone hamaNAM. sudhI upayoga karavAmAM Ave che. A sikakAomAM rUpiyA saurASTra sudhI cAlatA, kemake e pradeza paNa marAThAonA lazkarI AdhipatyamAM hatA. I. sa. 1817 mAM mi. Danalope amadAvAdano kabaje lIdhe tyAre TaMkazALa baMdha hatI ane sikkAnI achatane lIdhe vepAra upara paNa mAThI asara thayelI hatI. mi. Danalope muMbaIgarA rUA. 97292 ne rUA. 100 sikakAInA hisAbe navA sikakA paDAvyA. e samaye "hAlI sikkA " nAmathI oLakhAtA sikakA amadAvAda zaheramAM cAlatA hatA tathA amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAM paDelAM nava jAtanAM calaNa jillAmAM cAlatAM hatAM. e darekanI kiMmatamAM phera hatuM tethI vepAramAM anizcitatA rahetI ane hUMDiyAmaNamAM sado cAlato.30 I. sa. 154 (saM. 1810 ) ane e pachInAM khaMbhAtanAM khatapatro uparathI jaNAya che ke e samaye khaMbhAtanI TaMkazALa cAlu hatI. e dastAvejomAM amadAvAda ane khaMbhAtanI TaMkazALanA rUpiyA paDe tevA devA' evuM lakhANa che 31 e parathI spaSTa che ke leka cAMdI laIne TaMkazALamAM sikakA paDAvavA jatA. paDaze tevA devAze e gujarAtI rUDhiprayogano mULa artha paNa leNadeNane lagate che. sthAvara milakatanI kharIdI sAme ApavAnA rUpiyA mATe "kerA sArA zrI zrIkAra mahaTA" ema paNa lakhAtuM. vaDodarAnI gAyakavADI TaMkazALamAM rUpiyA paDatA te "bAbAzAhI" athavA "zIAzAhI' tarIke oLakhAtA pilAja gAyakavADane kheDAne jhINe sikko hato tene "kheDiyo' rUpiye kahetA. khaMbhAtanA eka zarAphanA I.sa. 1818(saM.1874)nA cepaDAmAM "bAbAzAhI', 'sikakAI ane khaMbhAtI e traNa prakAranA rUpiyAnuM calaNa jaNAvyuM che. saM. 1825, 1832 ane 1843 nA khaMbhAtanA dastAvejomAM "pahelA mAsA 11 khaMbhAtanI TaMkazAlanA de" ema lakhyuM che. vaLI keTalAka dastAvejomAM "rUpuM tela mAsA 11" ema paNa jaNAveluM che. AthI khaMbhAtanI TaMkazALamAM paDelA rUpiyAnI Akati ane emAM vaparAyelI cAMdInA vajanane khyAla Ave che.32

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286 ] marAThA kAla [5. vaLI upayukta khaMbhAtI zarAphanA cepaDAmAMthI jANavA maLe che ke rUpiyAnI cAra jAte hatI. sAdhajA phaTaphaTI cIpaTa ane moTI cITa, A cAreyanA mUlyamAM thoDoka pharaka raheto. A sikkA khaMbhAtanA navAbanA hatA. bAbAzAhI ane sikakAI rUpiyA sAthe eno vaTAva cAlatA. 100 bAbAzAhInA 15 khaMbhAtI gaNAtA ane 100 khaMbhAtInA 70 sikkAI gaNAtA, jo ke vaTAvano dara badalAte rahete. A kAraNe keTalA paisAne rUpiyo gaNa enuM nizcita dhoraNa na rahetuM. keTalIka vakhate 44 paisAne rUpiyA gaNAto, keTalIka vakhata 54, 58 ane koI vAra 100 paisAne gaNAto evuM janA copaDA uparathI jaNAya che. 33 sarakArI kacerIomAM ane nANAvaTIone tyAM judAM judAM calaNanA vaTAvanAM patraka rAkhavAmAM AvatAM. sikkA paDAvavA mATe vepArIo tAMbuM ane rUpuM lAvatA. yAdImAM amuka bhAga tAMbuM umeravA mATe cekasIo pAse laI jatA ane taiyAra lagaDIo TaMkazALamAM lAvatA. tyAM nizcita lAgata laIne sikakA pADI ApavAmAM AvatA. khaMbhAtanI TaMkazALamAM rUpAnANAmAM rUpiyA, ardhI ane pAvalI ema traNa prakAranA ane tAMbAnANImAM eka paise, a paisA ane be paise ema traNa sikkA paDatA.34 tAMbAne Aje paNa cAlate. ApaNe abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDamAM pezavA gAyakavADa ane khaMbhAtanA navAba uparAMta choTAudepuranA mahArAvaLa, jUnAgaDhanA navAba, kacchanA rAva, navAnagaranA jAma sAheba, suratanA navAba vageree paNa pitAnA sikakA pADyA hatA. jo ke nedhapAtra e che ke sArvabhauma mughala sattAno asta thaI rahyo hato tyAre paNa A badhA rAjavIo e sattAnA pratinivio tarIke sikakA pADatA hoya e prakAranAM cihno ke lakhANe emanA sikakA upara che.35 saurASTramAM tAMbAnA sikkAmAM pAMciyA ane dekaDA paNa hatA. eka rUpiyAnA se dokaDA AvatA. navAnagaranI jAmazAhI ane jUnAgaDhanI dIvAnazAhI kerInI temaja karachanI kerInI kiMmata rUpiyAnA cethA bhAga jeTalI hatI. dIvane porTugInA -rALa (riyAla) calaNamAM hatA ane enI pratiSThA UMcI hatI. e vakhate rANAzAhI karI chIyA-parabaMdaranA rANAonI paNa pracAramAM hatI. vahANavaTuM tathA saMbaMdhI viSayonuM avalokana have karIe. mughala kAlanuM sauthI moTuM baMdara surata hatuM ane jahAjo bAMdhavAne mATe jahAja vADe suratamAM hato e vAta A graMthamAlAne chaThThA graMtha "Arthika sthiti "

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8 muM ] - sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti [280 prakaraNa)mAM AvI gaI che. 17 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM suratanA jahAjavADAmAM 1200 TanathI vadhAre vajananAM vahANa taratAM mukAtAM, jyAre e arasAmAM briTanamAM banatAM vahANa traNaso-sADAtraNaso TananAM hatAM. suratanA vahANavADAmAM mAlika ane Ayojake mukhyatve pArasI hatA. suratanA vahANavADAmAM eka kAra khAnAnA mAlika dhanajIbhAIne kArIgara lavajI nasaravAnajI vADiyA muMbaInA gavarnaranA mAsTara eTenDanTa DaDalInA AgrahathI muMbaI gayo hata; eNe I. sa. 1754mAM muMbaImAM bAra hajAra rUpiyAnA kharce gAdI bAMdhI hatI.37 lavajI vADiyAnA vaMzajoe I. sa. 1768 thI 1801nA gALAmAM briTananA zAhI naukAkAphalAnAM La yuddhajahAja tathA e uparAMta aneka vepArI jahAja bAMdhyAM hatAM, ane e khUba ja TakAu puravAra thayAM hatAM.38 gujarAtanA lAMbA samudra kinAre damaNa gheghA mahuvA verAvaLa mAMgaroLa ribaMdara salAyA beDI joDiyA vavANiyA khUNA muMdrA lakhapata vastA vagere baMdara bhAM vahANa baMdhAtAM hatAM, paNa kacchanA mAMDavIno jahAjavADe sauthI maTe hatA. kacchanA rAva goDajInA samayamAM mAMDavInuM vahANavaTuM samRddhinI Toce hatuM. I.sa. 1780mAM mAMDavImAM baMdhAyeluM eka jahAja briTananI saphara kheDI malabAra pahoMcyuM hatuM. malabAra ane muMbaI, IrAnI akhAta, rAto samudra ane arabI samudra, mojhAMbika, jaMgabAra ane jeDAmAM mAMDavInuM vahANavaTuM mokhare rahyuM hatuM. vahANa bAMdhavAno kasaba mAMDavImAM Aje paNa jIvaMta che.39 mAMDavI baMdaranI AyAtamAM kApaDa marI kAcuM rezama khAMDa goLa pAna trAMbuM nAriyeLa kAthI elacI sopArI davAo anAja lokhaMDa lAkaDuM kalAI masAlA senuM cAMdI vagere cIja hatI ane nikAsamAM mukhyatve rU ghI anAja tela kApaDa telI-biyAM drAkSa gaLI kAMbaLA ane zArka mAchalInAM cAmaDAM vagere vastuo hatI.40 phiraMgIonA amala nIce dIvanA baMdarane koI khAsa vikAsa thaI zakyo nahoto ane tyAMno vepAra surata ane pachI muMbaI ghasaDAI gayo hato. - I. sa. 159 thI surata khAte aMgrejonuM varcasa hatuM e ApaNe joI gayA. AthI bIjI yuropIya kaMpanIonA vepAra upara, svAbhAvika rIte ja, mAThI asara thaI hatI. I. sa. 1762 mAM navAba upara dabANa lAvI aMgrejoe Daca keThI zaheranI bahAra pheravavAnI pharaja pADI hatI. vaLI navAbe Daca kaMpanIne 90,000 rUpiyA daMDa karyo hato ane emanI tape pAchI mokalI devAnI pharaja pADI hatI. pravartamAna paristhitimAM Daca kaMpanIno

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288 ] marAThA kAla [ a. vepAra paNa lagabhaga baMdha paDI gayo hato ane I. sa. 178 8 mAM Dace emanI kaMThI baMdha karIne jAvAmAM baTeviyA khAte cAlyA gayA hatA.41 - dakSiNa bhAratamAM phrencanI hAra thatAM aMgrejonI caDatI kaLA thaI ane enI asara gujarAtamAM paNa thaI. I. sa. 1769 mAM phrenca kaMpanIno vepAra IjAro rada karavAmAM Avyo ane 1774 mAM ene phrenca vAvaTo pharakAvavAnI paNa manA karavAmAM AvI. 1778 sudhI phensane sAdhAraNa vepAra cAlato hatuM, paNa aMgrejo sAmenuM koI kAvataruM pakaDAtAM. suratamAM aMgrejonA prabhutvane kAraNe, teo muzkelImAM mukAyA ane 18 mI sadInA aMtamAM surata khAte phrenca koThI baMdha karavAmAM AvI. I. sa. 1764 pachI porTugIjhanuM jora narama paDayuM hatuM, paNa I. sa. 1801 pachI paradezI kaMpanIo paikI eka mAtra porTugIjha keDI suratamAM cAlu rahI hatI, paNa emane vepAra ocho thaI gayo hato.42 sane 1805 mAM TrAphAlgaranA naukAyuddhamAM aMgrejone vijaya thatAM samudra upara emanuM ekAdhipatya sthapAyuM ane enI anukULa asara aMgrejonA dariyAI vepAra upara thaI. pazcima bhAratamAM aMgrejonI rAjadhAnI muMbaI khAte hatI. 18 mA sikAnA uttarArdhamAM saurASTra ane kacacha sameta gujarAta pradezanI rAjakIya paristhiti AtaMkamaya hoI sAmAjika sthiti paNa vepAra-udyogane pratikULa hatI tethI suratane vepAra paNa kramazaH muMbaI tarapha vaLe ane samasta gujarAta pradezanI udyamazIla ane vANijyapradhAna vastInuM sthaLAMtara muMbaI tarapha thavA lAgyuM. I.sa. 1807-8 mAM vaDedarAnA resiDenTa karnala vakare saurASTranAM rAjyanI khaMDaNInI rakama karAvI tyAra pahelAMnI tyAMnI rAjakIya-sAmAjika sthiti atyaMta viSama hoI bhUmi upara mulagIrI ane lUMTaphATa tathA samudramAM cAMciyAgIrI43 vyApaka hatI ane sAmAnya prajAnI sthiti atyaMta dayanIya hatI. e saMjogomAM Arthika ke vepArI unnatine avakAza nahe.44 bhAvanagara morabI jUnAgaDha vagere rAjyoe baMdare vikasAvavAno tathA dariyAI vepArane protsAhana ApavAne prayatna karyo hato, paNa pravartamAna saMjogomAM ene maryAdita saphaLatA ja maLI hatI. ApaNuM abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDanA aMte amadAvAda briTiza sattAne soMpAyuM, I.sa. 1820mAM IsTa InDiyA kaMpanIe rAjakoTamAM keThI sthApI saurASTranAM rA upara vidhi sArvabhaumatva prasthApita karyuM ane karnala bAvela nAme adhikArInI prathama piliTikala ejanTa tarIke nimaNUka karI. samasta gujarAta

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8 su* ] sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti [ pradezamAM zAMti sthapAI, kAyadAnuM rAjya pravatu ane jIvananAM vividha kSetrAmAM pAzcAtya saMparkane kAraNe arvAcIna kAlanA aruNeAdaya thayA. puravaNI muslima samAja mugala sAmrAjyanA aMta bhAge IrAna ane anya muslima dezamAMthI AvatI videzI musalamAneAnI vaNajhAra dhImI paDI gaI hatI. je keI videzI musalamAne A dezamAM vasI gayA hatA teeAnI naitikatA dhaNI dhaTI gaI hatI. teo pAse potAnI khAnadAnInA abhimAna sivAya bIjI keAI cAritryagata mUDI naheAtI. jo amaladArA ane saradArA leAbhI ane binakAryakSama hatA te bAdazAhI ane navA anaitikatAnI UMDI gartAmAM gabaDI paDayA hatA.45 upayu kta paristhitinA AdhAre gujarAtanA tatkAlIna muslima samAja te traNa vibhAgeAmAM vaheMcI zakAyaH gujarAtamAM mughala sUbAonuM Agamana te baMdha thayuM hatu. paraMtu keTalAka nAnA moTA navArAdhanapura, khaMbhAta, pAlanapura vagere pradezeAnA tathA aneka muslima dAkArA potapotAnI jAgIramAM mughalazAhI ezaArAmanI paraMparA jALavI rahyA hatA. teo muslimAnA ucca varganA pratinidhi hatA. temanA darabAramAM anya musalamAne -maulavI, sayada, kAjI vagere-judA judA ha|ddAe dhAraNa karatA. temanAM lazkarAmAM moTe bhAge mughala phejanA viTana bAda veravikhera thayela Aro turkI ane aphaghAna saradArA tathA sainike rahetA. teo muslimAnA madhyama va`nuM pratinidhitva karatA. bAkI rahyo muslima kheDUta, majUra ane kArIgarAnA banelA nIcalA varga. gujarAtanA musalamAnemAM A samaye AvA nIcalA varganI saMkhyA ati vizALa hatI. emAM kArIgaravanI dazA karuNa hatI. nAnAM rajavADAM ane meTAM rAjyAnA rAjyakartAe mATe taiyAra karavAmAM AvatAM mejazAkhanAM sAdhanAnuM utpAdana teo karatA, paraMtu tenA upabheAga karavAnuM svapna paNate sevI zakatA nahi. navApyA, jAgIradArA, ThAkeArA ane temanA hajuriyAe dabAdabApUrvaka rahevAnu, miSTa bheAjana jamavAnu ane uttamAtama vastro paherAvAnuM pasa da i-7-19

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290 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. karatA. mAjazAkhanI vastuenA utpAdana mATe sArI evI mAMga teee utpanna karI hatI. alabatta, gAmaDAya garIba musalamAna kheDUta ke kArIgara jADAM kharaacaDAM vastra paheratA paraMtu navAba ane jamInadAra tA amadAvAdanA kinakhAba anArasanuM rezama ane bagALanA masalIna sivAya khIjA kazAne sparza na karatA. anya mahattvanI bAbatA jevI ke khArAka, pAzAka, dhArmika tahevAronI UjavaNI, ramatagamata, paradA prathA, tathA strIkeLavaNI vageremAM koI tAMdhapAtra parivartana thayuM hoya tema dekhAtu nathI. gujarAtane musalamAna bhASA, khArAka, peAzAka ane vANI-vartanamAM have vadhu ne vadhu gujarAtI banatA gayA. zAsaka kAma tarIkenI khumArI temAMthI haju pUrepUrI dUra thaI na hatI. paraMtu have te zAsako na hatA. rAjyasattA khAI khesatAM samAja upara prathamanI mAphaka asara teo upajAvI zakatA na hatA, rAjyAzrayane kAraNe dharmAMtaranI je thADIghaNI pravRttie cAlatI hatI ane jene pretsAhana paNa maLatuM hatu, te have ba Mdha thayuM. ethI ulaTuM mahAna zivAjI hiMdupata pAdazAhInuM svapna laIne AvyA ane emaNe e amuka a Mze mU paNa karyuM. AthI dharmAMtara ane dhama jhanUnI pravRttio upara dhaNo bhAre aMkuza AnyA. gujarAtamAMthI mUkhAgIrI naSTa thatAM prathama pezavA ane pachI gAyakavADanA amala nIce gujarAtane mATe bhAga AvyA. tethI gujarAta uparanA muslima ulemAe ane maulavIone prabhAva naSTa thayA. zAsakeAnI khumArI dUra thatAM, te hiMduonI vadhu ne vadhu najIka AvyA, te gujarAtanA hiMdu sAthe meLa meLavavA tatpara banyA. keTalAka dharmAMtara pAmela musalamAne hiMduonA rItarivAjo pALatA. sauthI mahattvanI bAbata e hatI ke have musalamAneAnA peTA vibhAga) dhArmika pAyA upara nahIM, paraMtu dhaMdhAne anurUpa banatA jatA hatA. temAM nAnA nAnA vADA ane prAdezika vizeSatAe dekhAvA lAgI hatI. saurASTramAM A rIte jUnAgaDha khAMTavA mAMgaroLa rANapura jevAM muslima rAjya hatAM. A rAjya muslima rAjya amala nIce hoI tyAMnA muslime haju paNa gheADI ghaNI zAsakAnI khumArI rAkhatA hatA. ane tyAM emanA zekha, mullAMe ane saiyadAnu sAru evuM vaCsa rahetuM. aDhAramI sadInI aMdhAdhUMdhIe gujarAtanA sAmAnya jIvanane ka MIka aMze veravikhera karI nAMkhyuM. sArAye bhAratamAM e ja sthiti hatI tema chatAM gujarAtanA muslimAnI sAmAjika paristhitimAM thoDA ghaNA pheraphArA sivAya khAsa

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8 su' ] sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti ( 291 nedhapAtra parivartana jovA maLatAM nathI. emanI sAmAjika paristhitimAM para parAgata lakSaNa lagabhaga jaLavAI rahyAM hatAM. keTalAka videzI lekhakoe ApelA ahevAlonA AdhAre gujarAtanA ane AkhA dezanA sAmAjika jIvanane tiraskArathI jovAnu cagya na gaNAya. paraMtu e bAbatamAM mAlkamanuM kathana svIkAravA yeAgya che. e lakhe che ke, ' AvA saMjogAmAM, AvA julamI rAjya amala daramyAna, AvA suMdara sadguNA mATe jhajhUmatI eka mahAna prajA jevA khIjo koI dAkhaleo meM kayAMya joyA nathI.' 46 evuM A kathana hiMdu ane muslima samAjanA madhyama ane nimna varganA lokone lAgu paDe che. : pAdaTIpa 1. ratnamaNirAla bhImarAva joTa, 'gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda ', pR. 159 maganalAla vakhatacaM zeTha, '* amadAvAdane itihAsa,' punarmudraNa, pR. 53 2. ejana, pR. 54 4. ejana, pR. 55 ejana, pR. 5-56 6. ejana, pR. 48-50 2. bhI. joTa, uparyuSkta, pR. 151-para 8. ejana, pR. 156-57 3. 5. 4. 9. 10. Ibid., p. 192 12. edalajI jamazedajI kheArI, dukALa viSe nibadha ', pR. 17 13. A duSkALa anAvRSTine pariNAme hatA ema jamazedajI khArI ( upayu kta, pR. 17 ) lakhe che, jyAre maganalAla vakhatacaMda lakhe che ke ( amadAvAdanA itihAsa ' pR. 46) A lIle| dukALa hatA. tee ema paNa nAMdhe che ke puSkaLa varasAdane lIdhe dhAsa dhaNuM thayuM hatuM, tethI dhI ghaNuM nIpajatuM ane te rUpiyAnA dRza zeranA bhAvathI vecAtuM! AthI keTalAka garIba loko chANamAM dhI bheLavIne nirvAha karatA ne 'dahADA pAMzI ke aganeAtarA jevA rAga cAlyA nahotA.' James Forbes, Oriental Memoires, Vol. II, pp. 190-199 11. 2. bhI. joTa, uparyukta, pR. 167 " 14. maganalAla vakhatacaMda zeTha, uparyukta, pR. 47-48; edalajI khArI, upayukta, pR. 17-18. gujarAtanA judA judA bhAgamAM paDelA dukALanI vigata mATe jue khArI, uparyu'kta, pR. 23-49, 18 mA saikAnA aMtamAM ane 19 mA saMkAnA prArabhamAM gujarAtanA judA judA tAlukAomAM cAlatA anAja ane khAdya vastuonA bhAvanA koThA paNa emaNe ApyA che. kacchamAM paDelA dukALa mATe jue ejana, pR. 62-74. 15. jayamallla paramAra, ' annapUrNAM ', "Umi--navaracanA', pu. 48, pR. 220-223 16. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva joTa, - kha'bhAtanA itihAsa ', pR. 81 17. James Forbs, op.cit., Vol. I, pp. 318f. 19. Ibid., pp. 177-82 19, marAThI rAjyakAlanAM chevaTanAM varSomAM amadAvAdanAM koTanI bahAra parAM vistAramAM vAgha vase ane zikAra thAya evAM jaMgala hatAM ane zaheramAM paNa eka vAra vAdha

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292 marAThA kAla [ xAvyo hato. cheka 19mI sadInA trIjA dasakAmAM zaheranI aMdara mIrajhApuranI eka masijadamAM eka yuropiyane vAgha mAryo hato. 2. bhI. joTa, "gujarAtanuM pATanagara, amadAvAda, pR. 167 20. 2. bhI. jeTa, "khaMbhAtane ItihAsa, pR. 12 21. ejana, pR. 129-30. kApaDanI jAtonAM je nAma patravyavahAramAM aMgrejImAM ApyAM. che tene, ekAda be apavAda sivAya, hAla oLakhavAM muzkela che. rara. ejana, pR. 117 23. durgAzaMkara zAstrI, aitihAsika saMzodhana, pR. 565 24. IzvaralAla desAI, surata sonAnI mUrata, pR. 106 25-ra7. ejana, pR. 111 28, ejana, pR. 115 29. ejana, pR. 116-17 rahma. A lakhanAranA kuTuMbamAM AvA sikkAnuM pUjana thatuM hovAnuM bAlyAvasthAnuM 30. 2. bhI. joTa, gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda, pR. 205-6 36. narmadAzaMkara bhada, khaMbhAtanuM sAMskRtika darzana, pR. 4ra9 ka2. ejana, pR. 436 33-34. ejana, pR. 477 35. raNachoDalAla jJAnI, "gujarAtanA itihAsane lagatA sikkAo" e vyAkhyAna buddhivardhaka vyAkhyAnamALA, pR. 73-77 36. zaMbhuprasAda dezAI, "saurASTrane itihAsa", pR. 707 3. IzvaralAla desAI, upayukta, pR. 99-100 38 zivaprasAda rAjagora, gujarAtanA vahAvaTAne ItihAsa', pR. 208 da9, rAmasiMhajI rAThoDa, " kacchanuM saMskRtidarzana, pR. 164-65 40. zivaprasAda rAjagora, uparyukta, pR. 138-39 41. ejana, pR. 139 4ra. ejana, pR. 140 4. e samaye saurASTra ane kacchanA samudramAM cAMciyAgIrI ane e dAbI devAnA prayatna mATe, juo rAjagara, uparyukta, pR. 127, 14-43. 44. A kAlakhaMDamAM saurASTranI vAstavika ane viSAdajanaka sthitinA saMkSipta vizada ane sarvAgI Alekha mATe juo zabhuprasAda desAI, "saurASTrane ItihAsa', pR. 626-27 tathA . 697-19. saurASTranI paristhiti vizenA tA. 12 mI. jAnyuArI 1806nA ahevAlamAM karnala kara lakhe che ke A dezamAM bAvAo ane vairAgIo pravAsa karI zake che. enA vepArIo mAtra mukhethI ja vepAra 84. B. P. Saksena, Successors of Aurangzib,' The Maratha * Supremacy, p. 8 46. K. K. Datta, " Social Condition.'; "The Maratha Supremacy, p. 755.

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prakaraNa 9 sAhitya saMskRta sAhitya A kAla daramyAna svAbhAvika rIte saMskRta bhASAmAM ghaNuM ochuM sAhitya lakhAyuM che. A kAlanA saMskRta sAhityanI je vividha kRtionI mAhitI upalabdha thAya che tenuM pRthakkaraNa karatAM mAlUma paDe che ke A kAlanA saMskRta sAhityamAM paNa moTI saMkhyA jaina lekhakenI, khAsa karIne sAdhuonI, che. jainetara lekhakemAM have svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA lekhakone paNa samAveza thAya che. jaina lekhakanA sAhityamAM mukhyatve prakaraNagraMthe maLe che. uparAMta nyAya vyAkaraNa paTTAvalI caritra ane rAjavaMzAvalI jevA anya vividha viSayono paNa emAM samAveza thAya che. AmAMnA koI lekhako gujarAtImAM bAlAvabodha lakhatA ne tenI prazasti saMskRtamAM racatA. brAhmaNa lekhake alaMkAra vagere zAstro vize pustaka lakhatA. svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA sAhityamAM caritra tathA upadezagraMthono samAveza thAya che. A samaya daramyAna thaI gayela saMskRta sAhityakAra ane emanI kRtionuM avakana karIe. devazaMkara purohita (racanAkAla : I. sa. 1761-18 sudhImAM) alaMkAramaMjaSAnA prAstAvika glaeNko tathA pupikA parathI mAlUma paDe che ke e kRti purohita nAhAnAbhAyi (nAnAbhAI)nA putra bhaTa devazaMkare racI che, je rAnera(rAMdera)nA vatanI ane ura:pattana(olapADa)nA nivAsI hatA. spaSTataH teo dakSiNa gujarAtanA brAhmaNa hatA. alaMkAramaMjUSAnA AraMbhika mAM kavi "pezavA" zabdanI vicitra - vyutpatti ApIne bAjIrAva pezavAnA vaMzaja mAdhava (mAdhavarAva 1 lA) ane enA kAkA rAghava(raghunAtharAva)nI prazasti kare che ne pachI prAcIna alaMkAragraMthamAMthI upamAdi vividha alaMkAranAM lakSaNa udAharaNa sAthe nirUpe che. A udAharaNo kavinAM svaracita che ane emAM eNe e be pezavAonI prazasti karI che. A bAbatamAM devazaMkara "kavirahasya"nA kartA halAyudhane anusare che.

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294] marAThA kAla [ pra. mAdhavarAva I. sa. 1761mAM pezavA thaze ane ene kAke I. sa. 1768 sudhI emanI sAthe vahIvaTamAM saMkaLAyeluM hatuM, AthI kavinI A kRti I. sa. 1761-68 sudhImAM racAI hevI joIe. mAdhavarAvanA saMdarbhamAM kavie enA suprasiddha nyAyAdhIza rAmazAstrInA paNa prazasti karI che ne emAM ene gautama tathA kaNAdanI kakSAmAM mUkyA che.' jinalAbhasUri saM. 1784 (I.sa. 1727-28) thI saM. 1834 (I.sa. 1777-78) jinalAbhasUri kharataragacchanA prakhyAta AcArya hatA. emanA gurunuM nAma jinabhaktisUri hatuM. emane saM. 1804(I. sa. 1747-48)mAM sUripada prApta thayuM hatuM. sUripadano mahotsava karachanA mAMDavI baMdare thayela. e sthaLe emaNe Atmaprabodha' nAmanA graMthanI racanA karelI. graMthanI samApti emaNe saM. 1833(I.sa. 1776-77)mAM manarA(mudrA)mAM karI hatI. A graMthamAM AtmArUpI padArthane oLakhavA je sAdhane joIe te sAdhane yukti ane pramANa sAthe pratipAdita karelAM che. manuSyomAM kamajanita je doSo rahelA che teone dUra karI AtmAmAM rahela ucca lakSaNo khIlavavA sarvottama sAdhana samyaktva vize A graMthamAM savistara vivecana kareluM che. graMthanAM prakaraNone, prakAza" nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. graMtha cAra prakAzamAM vibhakta che : 1. samyapha vanirNaya, ra. dezavirati, 3. sarvavirati ane 4. paramAtmasvarUpa. kRtine aMte graMthaprazastimAM guru paraMparA ApavAmAM AvI che. padmavijayagaNi saM. 1792( I.sa. 1735-36)thI saM. 1862 (I.sa. 1805-06), tapAgacchanA A paddhavijayagaNinA guru uttamavijaya hatA. saM. 1805 mAM emaNe rAjanagara(amadAvAda)mAM dIkSA lIdhelI ane saM. 1810 mAM rAdhanapuramAM paMDita pada prApta thayeluM. saM.1858-18 daramyAna emano nivAsa lIMbaDImAM hatA. . 1830(I. sa. 1773-74)mAM emaNe yazovijayajInA zrI sImaMdhara jinavijJaptirUpa stavana para bAlAvabaMdha racela che, jenI prazasti saMskRtamAM racI che. vaLI saM. 1849(I. sa. 1792-93)mAM yovijayajIne vIrastutirUpa dUDInA stavana para emaNe bAlAvabedha gujarAtamAM racela che, jenI prazasti paNa saMskRta bhASAmAM che padmavijayagaNie "jyAnaMdacarita" saMskRta gadyamAM saM. 1858(I. sa. 1801-02 )mAM racyuM. enA maMgalAcaraNamAM vardhamAna mahAvIranI stuti karavAmAM

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- sAhitya AvI che. A gadya graMtha 14 sargomAM vibhakta che. dareka sargamAM AraMbhika zlekamAM tIrthakaranuM stavana kareluM che. kRtimAM vijayapuranA yuvarAja vijayanA putra jayAnaMdanA pUrvabhavanuM, A bhavamAM eNe karela parAkramonuM, emaNe lIdhela dIkSA, prApta thayela kevalajJAna ane mokSagamana vagere viSanuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. vijayalakSmIsUri saM. 1797(I.sa. 1740-41) thI saM. 1859 (I. sa. 1802-03) vijaye lakSmImUri tapAgacchanA AcArya hatA. emanA guru vijayasaubhAgyasUri hatA. pitAnA gurubhAI premavijayajInA AgrahathI emaNe "upadezaprAsAda" nAmanA prakaraNagraMthanI racanA vi. saM. 1843( I. sa. 1886-87)mAM karI. graMthanuM vibhAjana 24 prakaraNomAM karavAmAM AvyuM che, jene 24 staMbha kahyA che. emAM kula 361 vyAkhyAna che. dareka staMbhamAM 15 jeTalAM vyAkhyAna ApelAM che. prathamanA cAra staMbhomAM samyaktva vize, pachInA sAta sta mAM dezavirati vize ane tyArapachI 13 staMbhamAM tIrthakaranAM pAMca kalyANaka, dIpotsavI jevAM parvo, dAna-zIla dhama, jJAnAcAranuM svarUpa vagere aneka dhArmika viSayo vize vyAkhyAnA rajU karavAmAM AvyAM che. kSamAkalyANagaNi racanAkAla vi.saM. 1828 (I.sa. 1771-72) thI vi.saM. 1873( I. sa. 1816-17) kSamAkalyANagaNinA guru kharataragacchanA jinabhaktisUrinA ziSya prItisAgaranA ziSya amRtadharma hatA. emaNe saM. 1828 thI saM. 1873 nA gALA daramyAna aneka kRtionI racanA karI che, jemAMnI moTA bhAganI kRtio gujarAta bahAra lakhAI hevAnuM mAlUma paDe che, jyAre emanI traNeka kRti spaSTataH gujarAtamAM racAI che. "tarkasaMgraha-phakikA"nI racanA kSamAkalyANagaNie saM. 1828(I. sa. 1771-72)mAM suratamAM karelI ke A kRti anUbhaTTanAM tarkasaMgraha" ane "tarkasaMgrahadIpikA" baMne para lakhAyela TIkArUpa che." emanI bIjI kRti "bhU.dhAtuvyAkhyA che, je emaNe saM. 1829( I. sa. 1772-73)mAM rAjanagara(amadAvAda)mAM racelI. "kharataragacchapadAvalI "nI racanA emaNe saM. 1830(I. sa. 1773-74)mAM jIrNagaDha( jUnAgaDha)mAM karelI. kRtimAM kharataragacchanA sUrionI vaMzAvalIne ItihAsa ApavAmAM Avyo che. graMthanI prazastimAM kavie pite jinabhaktisUrinA ziSya prItisAgaranA ziya amRtadharmanA ziSya hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che.

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1 zA kAla [ 5. kSamAyANagaNie rUpacaMdragaNinA 11 sagenA "gautamIyAvya' graMtha para "gautamIprakAza' nAmanI vyAkhyA racavAno AraMbha vi. saM. 1827( I.sa. 1770-71)mAM rAjanagaramAM kareluM ane vi. saM. 185ra(I. sa. 1795-96) mAM jesalameramAM samApta karelI. A vyAkhyAgraMthamAM "gautamayakAvya 'nA racaciMtAnA arthagaMbhIra zabdone temaja gUDha bhAvone khUba ja saraLa ane manorama paddhatithI spaSTa karela che. mULa konA zabdone samajAvavA vyAkaraNanAM sUtra mUkyAM che. abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi vizeSAvazyakabhASya vagere dezono ullekha paNa prasaMgopAtta karavAmAM Avyo che. A graMthamAM vyAkhyAkAranI vidvattA, prauDha anubhavazIlatA tathA anupana vivecanazaktinAM darzana thAya che. TIkAkAranI prazastimAM kavie guru paraMparA ApelI che. tivijyagaNi racanAvaSa vi. saM. 1845 (I.sa. 1788-89) teo tapAgacchanA pavijayagaNinA ziSya hatA. emaNe vi. saM. 1845 mAM " tasvAmRta' nAmanA graMthanI racanA aNahilapura pATaNamAM karI. kRtinA AraMbhamAM ISTadevane namaskAra tema graMtharacanAnuM prayojana samajAvavAmAM AvyuM che. A graMthamAM AtmAne A leka ane paralekamAM sukhaprAptinA upAya, mehanIya karmanuM prAbalya, mithyAtvane tyAga, AyuSanI anityatA, jiteMke upadezelA dharmathI sukhaprApti, viSayatyAga, kAmane zAMta karavAnA upAya, vairAgya, mahApuruSanAM lakSaNe, zIlanuM mAhAbhya, dravyanA doSa vagere viSayonuM nirUpaNa 337 kalekemAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. aMte ATha lekamAM graMthakAra-prazasita ApavAmAM AvI che, jemAM kavie pitAnI guruparaMparA darzAvI che. suni raMgavijaya racanA varSa saM. 1865 (I.sa 1808-09) - muni raMgavijaye "gujaradezarAjavaMzAvalI" nAmanI kRtinI racanA saM. 1865 mAM bhUpura(bharuca)mAM karelI. kRtine aMtima zlokamAM jaNAvyA anusAra yavana rAjavI romaTanA AdezathI khatrI bhagavaMtarAya pAsethI rAjAonI mAhitI sAMbhaLIne kavie A kRtinI racanA karelI. A eka 95 kalekanuM nAnuM kAvya che. kAvyanA leka anuNya Arya upajAti vasaMtatilakA zArdUlavikrIDita stragdharA vagere dezamAM racyA che. kRtimAM pAMca khaMDa che: 1. magadha rAjavIo ane e pachI ujajananI gAdIe AvelA rAjavIonAM nAmo ane emanA rAjyakAlanAM varSa, 2. cAkiTa vaMzanA rAjavIo, 3. caulukya vaMzanA rAjAo, 4. vAghelA vaMzanA rAjAo ane 5. yavana vaMzanA arthAta dilhInA sulatAne tathA mughala bAdazAho. pratyeka rAjA mATe kartAe meTe bhAge eka eka

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zlokamAM enuM nAma ane enA rAjyakAlanAM varSa ApyAM che. cAvaDA vaMzathI mAMDIne rAjyakAlanAM varSo uparAMta vikrama saMvatamAM rAjyArohaNanuM varSa paNa ApyuM che. varSonI A saMkhyA padyamAM svAbhAvika rIte moTe bhAge zabdasaMketemAM darzAvavAmAM AvI che. keTalAka prasiddha rAjAone eka karatAM vadhAre lokomAM guNAnuvAda karyo che, jemake caMdragupta maurya (leka 4, 5), kumArapAla (maleka 41-47), akabara (leka 83-85) vagere. viradhavala 'rAjAnA saMdarbhamAM maMtrI vastupAla tejapAlanI paNa prazasti karI che. A rIte jaina dharmanA prabhAva taLe AvelA rAjAo ane maMtrIone vadhu yAdagAra banAvyA che. yavana vaMzanA rAjavIonAM nAmo ane varSomAM khUba garabaDa che. A kRtimAM bhagavAna mahAvIranA nirvANathI mAMDI yavanavaMzI mahammada arthAta mughala bAdazAha muhammadazAha (I. sa. 1719-1748) sudhInI noMdha ApelI che. chellA traNa rAjavIono arthAta ahammada (ahamadazAha-I. sa. 1748 thI 1754), Alimagira (AlamagIra-I. sa. 1754 thI 1759) ane Alidhera (zAhaAlama 2 ja-I. sa. 1759 thI 1806 )no rAjyakAla darzAvyo nathI temaja samakAlIna bAdazAha akabara 2 (I. sa. 1806 thI 1837)no paNa nirdeza nathI. ahIM merUtuMganI "vicArazreNuM "ne maLatI rAjavaMzanI paraMparA jovA maLe che. sahajAnaMda svAmI svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA sthApaka sahajAnaMda svAmIe pitAnA sarve ziSyone pALavAnA dharmone eka patrarUpe "zikSApatrI" nAmanI saMskRta kRtimAM darzAvyA che. eno racanA saM. 1882 mAM thaI ema jaNAvAyuM che. emAM 212 leka che, jemAMne chelle kaleka upajAtimAM che ne bAkInA badhA zleka anuSTapu chaMdamAM che. emAM sadAcAra, ziSTAcAra, sAMpradAyika cihnonA dhAraNanA niyame, satsaMgIoe karavAnAM nityakarmone vidhi, saMpradAyanA tAttvika siddhAMta, AcArya. AcAryapatnInA vizeSa dharma, gRhasthanA vizeSa dharma, rAjAonA dharma, sadhavA. vidhavA strIonAM karma, brahmacArInA dharma, sAdhuonA dharma vagere viSaya darzAvAyA che. A zikSApatrInA kartA vize judA judA mata che. keTalAka mAne che ke zikSApatrI bhagavAna zrI svAminArAyaNe lakhelI nathI, paNa kahelI che ane e sAMbhaLIne emanA ziSya zatAnaMda munie enI saMrakRta bhASAmAM lekabaddha racanA karI che. keTalAka mAne che ke bhagavAna svAminArAyaNe zikSApatrI prAkRta (cAlu)

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298 ] marAThA kAla [pra bhASAmAM lakhelI che ane zatAnaMda munie ene saMskRta padyamAM anuvAda kare che.keTalAka vaLI zikSApatrIne saMskRtamAM lekabaddha karanAra dInAnAtha bhaTTa hatA ema mAne che. zikSApatrI ne samAveza " satsaMgijIvananA prakaraNa 4 thA mAM adhyAya 44 tarIkTa karavAmAM Avyo che ane enI agAunA adhyAyamAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke zrIharie vaDatAlanA nivAsa daramyAna bhAgavatapurANanA dazama tathA paMcama skaMdha sAMbhaLIne judAM judAM sthaLoe rahelA satsaMgIonA zreya arthe "zikSApatrI " lakhI. a. 45 mAM jaNAvyuM che ke pachI emaNe zikSA patrInI ATha nakale karAvIne e pitAnA bhaktone melI ane bhaktoe enI nakala karAvIne pitAnI pAse rAkhI. zikSApatrIne leka ra11 mAM enI racanA saM. 1882 mAM thayelI jaNAvI che, jyAre 'satsaMgijIvana'nI racanA e pachI saM. 1885-86 mAM thayelI che. A parathI phalita thAya che ke sahajAnaMdasvAmIe asala zikSApatrI, svataMtra rIte, pahelAM gujarAtImAM lakhI haze ane satsaMgijIvana'nA lekhake ene saMskRta padyamAM anuvAda karI sahajAnaMdasvAmInA caritamAM yathAsthAne goThavI haze. zikSApatrImAM jaNAvyuM che ke satsaMgIoe nitya maMdiramAM javuM ane maMdiramAM puruSoe strIone tathA strIoe puruSane sparza karavo nahi. emAM paMcAyatananI pUjA karavA jaNAvyuM che. vaLI emAM veda, vyAsasUtra ane ene paratuM zrIbhASya, bhAgavatapurANa khAsa karIne dazama ane paMcama skaMdha, mahAbhAratamAMnuM viSNusahastranAmastotra, zrImadbhagavadgItA (zrI rAmAnujAcAryakRta bhASya sAthe) ane viduranIti, skaMdapurANanA vikhaMDamAMnuM vAsudeva mAhAsya ane yAjJavalkayasmRti e ATha zAstronuM adhyayana karavA jaNAveluM che. Ama zikSApatrInuM lakhANa atyaMta TUMkuM hovA chatAM mAnavanA vyaktigata ane sAmAjika jIvana mATe naitika temaja AdhyAtmika mArgadarzanarUpa che.* sahajAnaMda svAmInuM carita Alekhate "satsaMgijIvana' nAme saMskRta graMtha e saMpradAyanA sAhityamAM agrima sthAna dharAve che. A graMthanA pAMca prakaraNa che ane emAM kula 319 adhyAya che. graMthano AraMbha suvrata nAme. muni ane pratApasiMha nAme rAjAnA saMvAdathI thAya che ane graMthano meTA bhAga. e benA saMvAdarUpe lakhAya che. prakaraNa 1 nA prathama adhyAyamAM jaNAvyA mujaba suvata muni zrIharinA A lekamAMthI aMtarthona thayA pachI kukSetrathI

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9 muM ] sAhitya jagannAthapurI gayA hatA ane tyAM gurjaradezanA virakta rAjA pratApasiMhane emanI pAsethI A carita sAMbhaLavAne lAbha maLyo hato. pachInA be traNa adhyAyomAM suvrata munie pitAnA guru zatAnaMda muninuM carita nirUpIne sAsaMgijIvana"nI racanA zatAnaMda munie karI hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. adhyAya 4 thAnA uttarArdhathI mukhya graMthano AraMbha thAya che. prakaraNa panA aMtima adhyAyamAM paNa A pramANe jaNAveluM che. emAM AgaLa jatAM ema paNa jaNAvyuM che ke suvrata muni pAsethI zrIharinuM carita sAMbhaLI pratApasiMha rAjA dhanya thayo. suvrata muni tyAMthI anya kSetramAM jatAM rahyA ane e rAjA naMganAthapurImAM rahI zrIharine bhajato gelekadhAmamAM gayo. mukhya graMtha pAMca prakaraNomAM vibhakta che. emAM zrI sahajAnaMda svAmInA prAdurbhAvathI AraMbhI rAmAnaMda svAmInI dIkSA sudhInI kathA ApelI che. uparAMta sahajAnaMda svAmIno dharmopadeza, vaDatAlamAM phUladolano utsava, amadAvAda bhUja vaDatAla ane dholerAmAM maMdira baMdhAvI pratimA sthApana karavAmAM AvyuM enuM varNana che. varNAzramadharma temaja rAjadharmano upadeza zrIharie Ape enuM paNa nirUpaNa kareluM che. Ama A graMthamAM zrIsahajAnaMda svAmInA caritanI je rIte rajUAta karavAmAM AvI che te rIte jotAM emAM zatAnaMda muni parokSa pAtra banI raheche ne mukhya nirUpaka emanA ziya suvrata muni bane che. chatAM A AkhA graMthanuM kartutva graMthanA AraMbhe tathA a te jaNAvyA mujaba zatAnaMda muninuM hevAnuM mAluma paDe che 11 emaNe saM. 1885 mAM A graMtha racavAno prAraMbha karyo ane durgapura(gaDhaDA)mAM saM. 1886 mAM graMtha samApta karyo. Ama A kAla daramyAna saMskRta bhASAmAM saMkhyAmAM ochI chatAM. viSayonuM ThIka ThIka vaividhya dharAvatI kRtio racAI hatI. | gujarAtI sAhityanA yugonI daSTie "AkhyAna yuga mAM AkhyAna lekhakoe prabaLa sAhityapravAha vahAvyAnA aMtabhAgamAM I. sa. 1700 AsapAsa AkhyAnayuga pUrNa thayo, tyAre I.sa. 1650 AsapAsathI lekhanamAM arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASAnI AdabhUmikA akho gopAla premAnaMda zAmaLa vagerene hAthe saMpUrNa pracAramAM AvI gaI hatI. AkhyAne lakhAtAM meTe bhAge baMdha thayAM ane bhaktimArgIya kRtioe padonI racanA sArA pramANamAM zarU karI, je jUnI

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300 ) marAThA kAla peDhInA chellA kahI zakAya tevA cANodaDabhoInA bhaktakavi dayArAmane hAthe temaja svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA bhaktakavione hAthe saMkhyA ane guNavattAnI daSTie ucca bhUmikA sAdhI zakI. A kAraNe AkhyAna yuga'nA anusaMdhAnamAM uttarabhaktiyuga" saMsthApita thayo. A navA yugamAM AkhAne javalle ja - lakhAyAM. laukika sAhitya te zAmaLa ane suMdarajI nAgara sAthe I. sa. 1765 AsapAsa sarvathA thaMbhI gayuM. racAtAM padomAM jJAnamArgIya pade racanArA sAhityakAro paNa thayA hatA. e vize ahIM prasaMga prApta thaI paDaze. gavarIbAI (janma I.sa. 1759) A vedAMtI kavayitrI gujarAtanI pUrva sarahade AvelA DuMgarapura (atyAre ji. DuMgarapura-rAjasthAna, pUrve gujarAta)mAM vaDanagarA nAgara brAhmaNamAM thaI hatI. taddana nAnI vaye vidhavA banelI A virakta bAIe advaita vijJAnamAM 1200 thI paNa vadhu pada ApI akhA ane gopAla pachI vedAMta sAhityane samRddha karI ApyuM. eNe gujarAtI temaja tatkAlIna hiMdImAM paNa lekhana karyuM. A ja nAmanI samakAlIna eka bIjI gavarIbAI paNa thaI che, je vaiSNasaMpradAyanI hatI evuM enAM maLelAM thoDAM padothI jANI zakAya che.12 dhIre bhagata (Isa. 153na825) vaDedarA najIka sAvalI pAsenA gaThaDA gAmamAM janmelA A brahmabhada kavinuM saLaMga baMdhanuM te mAtra "azvamedha" eka kAvya maLe che, paNa A kavi enI moTI saMkhyAmAM maLatI ucca koTinAM rUpakethI bharelI kAphI rAganI racanAothI gujarAtI sAhityanA ItihAsamAM viziSTa sthAna sAcavI rahyo che. e kharuM ke eNe draupadIvastrAharaNa" "suratI bhAIne vivAha" "jJAnako " Atmabodha" "egamArga" jevAM nAnAM kAvya paNa ApyAM che. " praznottara mAlikA" to guruziSya saMvAdarUpe racAyelI 1ra7 kAphI ja. enAM vividha rAgamAM gavAtAM jJAnamArgIya pada paNa sulabha che. 82 jeTalAM varSonI vacce gujarI gayelA A kavie mahatvanI geya racanAothI sAhityane samRddha karyuM che. 13 kevalapurI (I. sa. 175-1849) e udepuranA rAjavaMzI bhAyAtane tyAM janmele ane 25 varSanI vaye IDaramAM saMnyasta laI gurunA nidhane tyAM gAdI sthApI chelle umareThamAM rahele. sAmAnya vyavahArathI mAMDI parakeTinA brahmajJAna parvatanI aneka racanAo eNe

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sAhitya 1. ApI jemAM bhATacAraNanI kavitA jevo jusso jovA maLe che. guruziSya saMvAdarUpe cAra khaMDamAM racAyela "tatvasAra " nAmane 391 padone graMtha enA ucca prakAranA vedAMtajJAnanI pratIti karAve che. 14 saladAsa mahAtmA (I. sa. 1761 mAM hayAta) svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyane muktAnaMdanA bAlyakAla sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvanAra A mahAmAnI I. sa. 1762 mAM racelI "bhagavadgItA" "bhAgavata, skaMdha 2 je " " makaTInuM AkhyAna " "harinAma lIlA' uparAMta "gurugIta '' dhoLa ane samasyAo" vagere jANavAmAM AvyAM che, je aprasiddha che. 15 kAlidAsa (vasAvaDane) (I. sa. 1761-1776 mAM hayAta) saurASTranA vasAvaDa(tA. goMDala)ne nAgara gRhastha kAlidAsanI pralAdAkhyAna" (I. sa. 1761), "sItAsvayaMvara' (I. sa. 1776): ane "dhruvAkhyAna' (60 caMdrAvaLAnuM ) A traNa AkhyAna-kAvyaracanAo jANavAmAM AvelI che. " draupadI vastrAharaNa" nAmanI ATha kaDavAMnI racanA kaI kAlidAsanI che, e A ja hoya ema lAgatuM nathI.' kezava (I. sa. 1776 mAM hayAta) A AkhyAnakAranI "puruSottama mAhA" I.sa. 1776 ) 45 kaDavAMnI AkhyAnakati che. e suratano sArasvata brAhmaNa hato. bApu gAyakavADa (I. sa. 1779-1843) vaDodarAnA eka marAThA saradArane A putra (I. sa. 1779 mAM janme hate. ene goThaDAnA dhIrA bhagatane saMga thatAM jJAnanA paMthe e pa. vaDodarA mAM rAjyanI nokarI karatAM karatAM eNe ghaNuM jJAnamArgIya padonI racanA karI. 17 goviMdarAma vaiSNava (I. sa. 1781-1814mAM hayAta) | bharUca jillAnA AmodanA A sahastra audIcya brAhmaNane "kalijugane dharma '(I.sa. 1781) temaja premabhakti" "umiyAzivasaMvAda" "alIkhAM paNa" "narasiMha maheta" "rAvaNa ne vibhISaNa" ane upadeza vagere vize caMdrAvaLA chaMdanAM kAvya jANavAmAM AvyAM che. 18 theDI vrajabhASAnI racanA paNa enI maLe che. prAge (Isa. 1782 mAM hayAta). prItama ane dhIrAne pagale pagale jJAnamUlaka racanA ApanArA prAgaprAgajI-prAgadAsanI jJAna temaja bhaktithI bharelI pada-racanAo vipulapaNe jANa

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- 302 ] marAThA kAla [pra. vAmAM AvI che. enAM be pado sivAya hajI bIjuM badhuM aprasiddha che. " chUTaka pado " " kA " tithio" "cetavaNI" "saTha jogaNIne garabe" mahinA " e nAnI kRtio, te "dinamaNi" (hi) ane "rAma-rasAyaNa" (hi-gu) meTI racanAo che. 19 revAzaMkara vaiSNava (I. sa. 1784-853) jUnAgaDhanA bhaktakavi trIkamadAsa vaiSNavanA sAtamA putra revAzaMkaranI "kRSNalIlA" "DAkeralIlA" "trIkamadAsanuM jIvanacaritra" "dvArakAvargana" ane vallabhakula " eTalI pagharacanAo jANavAmAM AvI che. A kavie jUnAgaDhanA navAba hAmidakhAnajInA samayamAM dIvAnapaduM bhogavyuM hatuM.* tulajArAma sukharAma-suta ( I. sa. 1787 mAM hayAta) amadAvAdanA audIcya sahastra jJAtinA A brAhmaNanuM "sagALapurI" enuM svataMtra AkhyAnakAvya che. eNe viSNudAsanA "harizcaMdrAkhyAna mAM sudhArovadhAro karI pharI lakheluM che (I. sa. 1787 ).21 vire bhagata (I. sa. 1765 mAM hayAta) dhIrA bhagatane sAthI dhIrAnA vatana goThaDA najIkanA vAMkAneranA vatanI vire enA eka mAtra AkhyAnakAvya "babruvAhana AkhyAna" (I. sa. 1765) thI jANavAmAM Avyo che.22 narabhe (I. sa. 17641852) : peTalAda tAlukAnA pIjano caturvedI moDha brAhmaNa A nara-narabherAma pAchaLathI amadAvAdanA gomatIpuramAM AvI vasele. e DAkoramAM paNa rahe, jyAM rahI eNe racanAo karelI che. "boDANa caritra" "bhISmastuti " "parIkSita-garakSaNa" "kaMsavadha " "rAsalIlA " "gajemokSa" "beDANanI mUchanAM pada " "jayavijaya zApa-nivAraNa" "jayavijayanA zApanuM kAraNa" ' prabhu bhajavA vize" "manane zikhAmaNa" vagere aneka phuTakaLa racanAo enI jANavAmAM AvI che. beDANAnI mUchanAM pada" e dhIrA bhagata nI paddhatinI 37 kAphIonAM che. ene sAre evo padasaMgraha aprasiddha che. 23 nirAMta bhagata (I. sa. 1769-1846) kAnamanA dethANagAma(tA. karajaNa, ji. vaDodarA)ne pATIdAra nirAMta bhagatane AraMbhamAM valabha-saMpradAyanA saMskAra maLelA ane e saMskAranA

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-9 muM ] sAhitya [ 303 baLe keTalIka racanAo karI hatI. e sAthe ene adaitajJAnanA saMskAra maLelA. eNe dhIrAnI paddhatinI keTalIka kAphIo paNa racI hatI. 24 jAnabAI (I. sa. 177-82). mIThu nAmanA jJAnI saMtanI ziSyA jAnabAI gavarIbAI pachI eka bIjI mahattavanI jJAnI kavayitrI thaI gaI che. enuM "navanAyikAvarNana' nAmanuM eka kAvya jANavAmAM AvyuM che. enAM guruvarNana vizenAM kAvya etihAsika mAhitIvALAM che. A kavayitrInI racanAomAM jJAna ane bhaktine suga jovA maLe che. 25 haridAsa (I.sa. 1774 AsapAsa hayAta) kutiyANA( ji. jUnAgaDha)mAM thaI gayelA rAjapUta haridAsane amarajI dIvAne nokarI apAvI hatI. "zivavivAha" ane jJAnamUlaka keTalAMka pada enA jANavAmAM AvyAM che. enAM pada baraDA paMthakanA bhajana gAya che. "kAlikAmAtAne garabe " kaI haridAsano maLe che tenAthI uparane haridAsa judo che. 26 geviMdarAma rAjArAma ( I. sa. 1787-1800) ghaNuM karIne kheDAnA bAjakheDAvALa brAhmaNa "gAviMdarAma rAjArAma"nI chApavALAM arajInAM pade (I. sa. 1787) "ATha vAra "thALa" ane prakIrNa pade jANavAmAM AvyAM che. enuM eka AkhyAna "harizcaMdrAkhyAna" ( I. sa. 1800) paNa sulabha che. 27 : -dalapata nAgara (I. sa. 1791 mAM hayAta) amadAvAdanA vIsanagarA nAgara brAhmaNa dalapata kavine kAMkariyA taLAva upara AvelI "kAMkarezvarI mAtAno garabo ", uparAMta "aMbAjI " "kRSNajanma" gaNapati" "bahucarAjI" ane "sAsuvahuno" evA garabA paNa jANavAmAM AvyA che. A kavine saM. vidyAnandano "dalapatavilAsa" zIrSakathI hiMdI anuvAda maLe che. 28 divALIbAI (I. sa. 1791 mAM hayAta) prAcIna kAvyamALA graMtha 6 DhAmAM DabhoInI najIkanA geLavA gAmamAM jaI rahelI ane pachI vaDodarAmAM AvI vaselI divALIbAIe rAmacaritane lagatAM cAra kAvya racyAM hoya e rIte chapAyAM che, paNa A bAInA Aritatva vize ja zaMkA che. 29

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304] araThI kAla [ pra. mayArAma mevADI (I. sa. 1791 mAM hayAta). bhaktakavi dayArAmane harIpha gaNAto mayArAma mevADI jANavAmAM Avyo che, jenAM "zivavivAha" (I.sa. 1791) uparAMta mahAdevajIne lagatAM aneka pada jANavAmAM AvyAM che. * aMbArAma (I. sa. 18mIne uttarArdha) A aMbArAma bhaktakavi dayArAmanI pUrvene garabIkAra hato. eNe kRSNalIlAne lagatAM "saMdeza" "tithi" "vAra" "mAsa " temaja saMkhyAbaMdha garabA ane garabI racAM, je adyApi aprasiddha che. enAM thoDAM AtmajJAnanAM pada paNa che. 31 nAne (I. sa. 18 mIne uttarArdha) enA mAtAjI.viSayaka ghaNuM garabA jANavAmAM AvyA che.32 bhavAna ( I. sa. 18mI sadInA uttarArdha) rAmakathAnAM pada" "AtmajJAnanAM pada" "rAmAyaNano garabo " ane rAvaNa maMdodarI saMvAdanAM pada " A kavinAM jANavAmAM AvyAM che. 33 ajarAmara (I.sa. 18mI sadInI chellI pacIzI ane 19mInI pahelI pacIzImAM hayAta) A gAyakanuM "zaMkara ane bhIlaDInuM pada" jANavAmAM AvyuM che.34 dAdAzrama (I. sa. 1800 lagabhagamAM hayAta) cAMdoda pAse karanALI(tA. DabhoI, ji. vaDodarA)nA A saMnyAsInA vedAMta-viSayaka temaja mahinA tithi vagerene lagatAM pada jANavAmAM AvyA che. 35 haridAsa sUI (I. sa. 1800 AsayAsa hayAta) jUnAgaDhanA A darajIe jUnAgaDhanA mahAbhAratanA (apUrNa) ane rAmAyaNanA (pUrNa) caMdrAvaLA racyA jANavAmAM AvyA che. zebhAmAjI urphe haridAsa (I. sa. 18mI sadInA uttarArdha) vaiSNavAcArya zrIvallabhAcAryajInA pahelA pautra zrIgiridharajInI 6 kI peDhIe thayelA go. zrI raNachoDajI(lIMgaDacha)nAM patnI zobhAmAjIe haridAsa zobhA nI chApathI navarAtranA 15 garabA, keTalAMka dhoLa ane bhAgavatane prakaraNavibhAga (padyamAM ) racela che. enA navarAtranA garabA kAvyaguNathI bharelA che.37

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9 muM ] sAhitya maMchArAma (I. sa. 1801 mAM hayAta). enI "tithio" eka nAnuM ramaNIya viraha. kAvya che.38 zivadAsa velajI-suta (I. sa. 1803-1821 mAM hayAta) amarelI ji. amarelI )nA A vaDanagarA nAgara kavie "kRSNabAlacaritra" (I. sa. 1803) ane "dhruvacaritra'(I. sa. 1821)nA caMdrAvaLa racelA jANavAmAM AvyA che.39 kiradAsa (I. sa. 1804-1806 mAM hayAta) enA gujarAtI mizra hiMdImAM khyAla " jANavAmAM AvyA che. AmAM eka " amadAvAda zaheranI lAvaNI " paNa che.40 harageviMda bhaTTa (I. sa. 1804-1841 mAM hayAta) amadAvAdanA bhaTTa mevADA brAhmaNa haragoviMda bhadanAM garabA-garabIo jANavAmAM AvyAM che.41 A nAnA gALAmAM jemane janma che ane jemanI sAhityasevAno vikAsa zarU thAya tevA rAmAyaNakAra giradhara, manaharasvAmI, bhaktakavi dayArAma temaja svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA bhaktakavio vagerenI pachInA samayamAM sAhityasevA khUba vikaselI hoI emanA viSayamAM have pachInA graMthamAM jarUrI paricaya ApavAmAM Avaze. gujarAtI jaina sAhitya mughala kAlamAM agAunA salatanatakAlanI jemaja jaina sAdhuo ane zrAvako dvArA arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASAnI Adya bhUmikAmAM sAhityapravAha avicchina dhArAe cAlu hato. e kharuM che ke emaNe koI navI praNAlIne AviSkAra nathI Avyo ane enAM e dhArmika pAtro, enAM e dhArmika kathAnake ane samAna kahI zakAya tevI nirUpaNa-paddhatie ja pitAnI praNAlikAgata bhaktibhAvanAne akSaradeha ApavAne sabaLa prayatna jArI rAkhyo hato. pUrvanA kAla bhASAnA vikAsanI dRSTie mahattva dharAvatA hatA, A uttarakAlamAM te jainetara sAhityakAro pAsethI moTe bhAge cIlAcAlu bhASA nirUpAI che, te ja pramANe jaina sAhityakArane hAthe paNa I. sa. 1757 thI 1818 nA nAnA gALAmAM saMkhyAnI dRSTie racanAonuM pramANa nAnuM nathI. je rAsa racAyA che teonuM paNa graMthapUra ThIka ThIka meTuM paNa che, paraMtu sAhityika mUlyavattA sAmAnya I-7-20

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36 ] marAThA kAla | pra. keTinI che. rUpaserAsa( I. sa. 1753)-sanakumArane rAsa( I. sa. 1773)nemarAjulanA bAra mAsa (I. sa. 1789)-ane saMkhyAbaMdha sajhujhAyo temaja kalpasUtrano To(I. sa. 1778 )ne kartA mahAnaMda, haribala-macchI rAsa ( I. sa. 1754)ne kartA labdhivijaya, dharmaparIkSAne rAsa (I.sa. 1765)zrIpAlane rAsa(I. sa. 1768)ne kartA nemavijaya, citrasena-padmAvatI rAsa (I. sa. 1758)ne kartA rAmavijaya, gajasiMhakumArarAsa(Isa. 1759)no kartA devaratna, gajasiMha rAjAne rAsa(I. sa. 1759 )no kartA mayAcaMda, zatruMjaya uddhAra rAsa( I. sa. 1760)no kartA bhImarAja, kalyANasAgarasUrirAsa( I. sa. 1761) kartA bhANijyasAgara, puNyasAra rAsa(I.sa. 1761), ne kartA amRtasAgara (ra), bharata cakravatIne rAsa(I. sa. 176ra)no kartA pa paTela, pradyumnakumArarAsane kartA mayArAma bhojaka, drupadIcarita(I. sa. 176ra)no kartA saujanyasuMdara, neminAtha rAsa(I. sa. 1764) -uttamavijaya nirvANa rAsa(I. sa. 1772)-samarAdityakevalIno rAsa (I. sa. 1785) -jayAnaMda kevaLIne rAsa (I. sa. 1802)-uparAMta eka bAlAvabodha gadyamAM racanAra paddhavijaya, caMdralekhArAsa(I. sa. 1764)ne kartA kamalavijaya, rAmarAsa(I. sa. 1766)ne kartA sujJAnasAgara, AdinAthajIne rAsa (I. sa. 1768)no kartA darzana sAgara, vikramAditya-paMcadaMDa-rAsa(I. sa. 1774)no kartA bhANuvijaya, ilAputra rAsa(I. sa. 1783)ne kartA ratnavimala, gautama svAmIne rAsa(I. sa. 1778) ane aneka prakIrNa racanA karanAra rAyacaMda sudarzana zeTha rAsa( chapayabaddha-I. sa. 1780 pUrve)-vIra svAmIne rAsa ( I. sa. 1780 pUrve)ne kartA dIpazrIpAlarAsa(I. sa. 1781)no kartA lAlacaMda (2), vinayacaTa rAsa(I. sa. 1784) - siddhAcala(yAtrA) rAsa(I. sa. 1787)ne kartA kaSabhasAgara, sAMba pradyumna rAsa( I. sa. 1786)ne kartA harSavijaya, sametazikharagirirAsa(I. sa. 1790)ne kartA gulAbavijaya, pArzvanAtha vivAha ( I. sa. 1804)ne kartA raMgavijaya, uttama kumArane rAsa( I. sa. 1786)no kartA rAjaratna, rAjasiMhakumAra rAsa(I. sa. 1801) kartA mAnavijaya, surasuMdarI rAsa(I. sa. 1801)-dhammila kumArarAsa(I. sa. 1840) vagere rAse temaja aneka nAnI nAnI racanAonA kartA amadAvAdanA suprasiddha vIravijaya, tejasArane rAsa( I. sa. 1804)ne kartA rAmacaMdra (2), guNasena havelI rAsa(I. sa. 1805)-vijayanirvANa rAsa( I. sa. 1806)-vimalamaMtrI rAsa( I. sa. 1834) ane

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sAhitya 9 muM ] aneka prakIrNa racanAone kartA rUpavijaya, gujarAtI tema hiMdI paNa aneka racanA karI ApanAra jJAnasAra, surasuMdarI amarakumAra rAsa( I. sa. 1786)zAMtidAsa vakhatacaMda zeThano rAsa( I. sa. 1814)-zrIpAla rAsa(I. sa. 1823)ne kartA kSemavardhana vagere anekoe A nAnA gALAmAM racanAo karI che, jemAMnA AraMbhanAonI pahelAMnA keTalAkanI racanA cAlu hatI, to I. sa. 1818 pachI paNa AmAMnA chellAonI pachInA gALAmAM racanAo thayA karI hatI. jainetara sAhityakAronI jema A nAnA gALAmAM AraMbha thayo che tevA jaina sAhityakAronI sevA pachInA samayamAM sArI rIte vikaselI hoI ahIM emanI sevAno ullekha na karavAmAM AvatAM pachInA graMthamAM karavAmAM Avaze. arabI, phArasI, urdU sAhitya salatanata kAla ane mughala kAla daramyAna phArasI bhAratanI rAjabhASA hatI. videzI zAsakoe pitAnI bhASA dvArA zAsananI dhUrA saMbhALI. samrATonAM pharamAno, patravyavahAra ane darabArI vahIvaTanAM tamAma kArya phArasI bhASAmAM thatAM. rAjadarabAramAM mobhA-bharyuM sthAna meLavavA ane zahenazAhonI mIThI najara prApta karavA phArasI bhASA zIkhavAnuM sau koI mATe anivArya hatuM. bhAratamAM kAyastha ane nAgara e be evI hiMdu kema che jemaNe phArasIne apanAvI. aneka nAgara tathA kAyastha gRhasthAe zAhI darabAramAM tathA anyatra ucca sthAna meLavyuM. taduparAMta zAhI darabAromAM anya muslima deze, khAsa karIne IrAnamAMthI aneka kavio, vidvAno, sUphI saMto ane oliyA AvatA. akabarathI auraMgajheba sudhInA bAdazAhanA samayamAM emanA darabAra AvA kavio ulemAo ane saMtothI bharelA rahetA. pariNAme arabI-phArasI sAhityanuM kheDANa arabastAna ane IrAnanI sarakhAmaNImAM bhAratamAM sArA pramANamAM thatuM. paraMtu mughala zAsananA aMta ane marAThAonA udaya sAthe arabIphArasInA mahattamAM pheraphAra thavA lAgyo. marAThAkAla (hi. sa. 1170-1234) daramyAna phArasI rAjyakArobAranI bhASA tarIke cAlu rahI , arabI bhASA musalamAnanA dharma ane tattvajJAnanA nirUpaNa mATe upayogamAM levAmAM AvatI, - ane lazkarI chAvaNanI urdU sAdhAraNa janasamUha sAthenA saMparkanI bhASA banI rahI. marAThI zAsana daramyAna phArasI darabArI bhASA hatI e hakIkata che, paraMtu

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T09 ] marAThA kAla [ 3... ene mATe phArasInI bhavya paraMparA ane prAMtIya bhASAonI bhAvavahana zaktinI parimitatA kAraNabhUta hAvAnu jaNAya che. AthI tatkAlIna sarakArI patravyavahAra tathA anya ghaNuM lakhANa phArasI bhASAmAM maLe che. A paristhiti dhaNAM varSo sudhI cAlu rahI. aMte I. sa. 1837 mAM phArasI darabArI kArAbAranI bhASA tarIke ha Mmeza mATe sthAnaSTa thaI. alabatta, muslimAnI sAMskRtika ane sAhityika bhASA tarIke bhAratamAM e Aje paNa cAlu rahI che. A samaya daramyAna muslimonA dhArmika ane AdhyAtmika jJAna-prAptinA anivArya mAdhyama tarIke madhyakAlIna arakhIneA abhyAsa cAlu rahyo. gujarAtamAM paNa dhArmika zikSaNanA mAdhyama tarIke e arakhInuM calaNa cAlu rahyuM, para Mtu khAsa noMdhapAtra evI arakhI kRtionuM sarjana A samaya daramyAna ahIM thayuM hAya tema jaNAtuM nathI. urdU pahelethI ja uttara bhAratanA musalamAne mATe leAkasa'pa'nA mAdhyamanI bhASA rahI che. urdU sAhityanI zarUAta eka prasiddha gujarAtI-valI gujarAtIdArA thaI hAvA chatAM gujarAtamAM prAMtIya bhASA ja leAkasaMparkanA mAdhyama tarIke rahI hatI. gujarAtI musalamAneAnA hRdayamAM urdU pratye mamatA |vA chatAM ghaNA echA gujarAtI musalamAneAe urdUne potAnI mAtRbhASA tarIke apanAvI hatI. e uparAMta, A samaya sudhI, urdUnuM sthULa rUpa pU` kakSAe paheAMcyuM paNa na hatuM; urdU bhASAnuM svarUpa haju sudhI ka MIka aMze pravAhI rUpamAM hatuM. vyAkaraNanA niyamA ane zabdonA uccArA tarapha du ya apAtuM hatu N. arabIphArasInA kavienI jema kavie radIpha ane kAphiyA ( prAsa vagere bAbatA ) tathA phArasI zabdonA uccAra tarapha dhyAna ApavAne badale zabdonA dhvani tarapha vadhu dhyAna ApatA. abdusa salAma nadavI urdU kavienI AvI kSatine spaSTa zabdomAM vakhoDI kADhe che, paraMtu muhammada husena AjhAda enA bacAva karatAM kahe che ke urdU kavioe tatkAlIna pravartImAna leAkabhASA ane rUDhiprayAgAne AdhAre patAnI kRtionI urdU bhASAnuM svarUpa nakkI karyuM" hatuM. Ama urdU haju tA banI rahI hatI.42 gujarAtanA saiyada mAhammada mIranA eka urdU dIvAna nAme 'tajhakarAe mIra hasana ' dhaNA jANItA che; e lakhanavI zailImAM lakhAyela che.43 mudhalakAlIna bhAratamAM auraMgajheba pachInA bAdazAheAnA samayathI ja phArasI

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* su' ] sAhitya ( 309 bhASAnA mobhA upara dhImI paraMtu spaSTa, asara thatI dekhAI Ave che. mughala bAdazAheAnI keMdravatI sattA nabaLI paDatI jatI hatI. pariNAme dhIme, paraMtu makkama, pagale phArasInuM sthAna laI rahI hatI. marAThAonA zAsanakAla daramyAna phArasI darakhArI kArAbAranI bhASA tA rahI, paraMtu sAhitya sarjananI prakriyAne gati ApanAra baLa adRzya thayuM hatuM. IrAna tathA anya muslima dezamAMthI rAjyAzraya-arthe AvatA phArasI kavi-lekhakonA samUho have AvatA baMdha thayA hatA. mudhala darabAranuM emanuM AkaSa Nu dUra thatAM bhArata AvavA mATe emanI pAse koI kAraNa na rahyuM, ema chatAM aphadhAne ane IrAnIe bhArata para karelI e moTI caDAIo-ahamadazAha khabdAlI ane nAdirazAhanI caDAIoe Devaro aMze keTalAka phArasI vidvAnAne bhAratamAM AvavAmAM madada karI.44 AvI paristhiti hovA chatAM marAThA kAla daramyAna phArasI sAhityanu kheDANa teA cAlu ja rahyuM. dhama ane tattvajJAna jevA viSayeA upara je kAMI lakhAtuM te arakhImAM lakhAtuM. mAnavajIvanane sparzatA rAjakIya ane sAmAjika praznone laI dhaNuM badhuM lakhANa phArasI bhASAmAM thayuM che. A samaya daramyAna prathama kakSAnA kavi-lekhakeA thayAnuM dekhAtuM nathI, para Mtu dvitIya kakSAnA kavilekhakAe phArasI bhASA-sAhityanA sarjanamAM sArA evA phALA ApyA che. " marAThA kAla daramyAnanA phArasI sAhityanI vizeSatAe kaMIka A pramANe che : itihAsa ane jIvanacaritra tatkAlIna kavi lekhakeAnA priya viSaya hAya ema lAge che. gujarAtamAM temaja anyatra A viSayeA upara dhaNA graMtha lakhAyA che. e uparAMta DaoNM. saiyada abdullAnA mata pramANe A sadI lugAta-' (=zabdAza )nI sadI che. phArasI bhASA uparanuM prabhutva tathA enA zabdonA sAcA uccAra dezI-phArasI ( Indian-Iranian) jevA banI gayA hoI sAceA uccAra batAvatI kRtio-lugAta-nI racanA karavAnuM jarUrI banI gayuM hatuM. 45 amadAvAdanA eka nAgara gRhastha suMdaralAle zabdakozanA eka gra Mtha racyA che tene tUTaka bhAga maLI Ave che. emAM arabI ane phArasI zabdonA a hiMdustAnImAM ApyA che. emAM ' ayana ' ane cazma ' jevA zabdo kALI zAhIthI ane e baMnene a batAvatA zabda ' AMkha ' lAla zAhIthI lakhyA che. keTaleka sthaLe samAnArthI zabdo eka ja ThekANe ApyA che. dA. ta. diladAra malUma yAra zAheda tAlimaH A badhA zabdonA artha * dAsta lakhyA . "

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310 ] marAThA kAla che. e ja pramANe khAkAna maleka khusarava dArA sahariyAra, sulatAna vagere badhA zabdone artha "bAdazAha" Ape che. AmAM phArasI sAthe kyAreka tuka zabdo paNa AvI jAya che. A graMtha eNe I. sa. 1819mAM pUro karyo. A samaya daramyAna hiMdu lekhakomAM phArasI kAvya pratye anurAga savizeSa jovA maLe che. munazI jazavaMtarAyanuM "saIdanAma', navalarAmanuM tArIkhe ahamadakhAnI', mukuMdarAyanuM "khate hekara', raNachoDadAsanuM "dakAyaka ula InazA", sujAnarAyanuM "niyAjhanAmA ', khuzahAladAsanuM "dastUra ula ItiyAjha " vagere kRtio tathA lekhakeno ullekha che. saiyada abadullAe karela che. A nAma jotAM teo meTe bhAge te gujarAtanA nAgara athavA kAyastha sadgRhastha hovA joIe. | harasukharAyanuM "majamA-ula-akhabAra" I. sa. 1805 mAM lakhAyuM. e * ItihAsa uparane ATha bhAgamAM lakhAyela graMtha che. emAM sAta vibhAgamAM bhAratanA judA judA prAMtanA rAjyakartAo vize mAhitI ApI che. enA chaThThA vibhAganA aMtamAM zAha Alama sudhIne mughala rAjyakartAone ItihAsa AlekhavAmAM Avyo che. mirAte ahamadIne ulekha A pahelAM karavAmAM Avela che. enA lekhaka alI muhammadakhAne racela itihAsano A graMtha khUba ja vizvasanIya gaNAya che. emAM I. sa. 761 sudhIno mughala-marAThAonA saMgharSa sudhI ItihAsa AlekhAyela che. enI vizvasanIyatAnuM mukhya kAraNa e che ke e graMthane lekhaka mughale dvArA gujarAtanA dIvAna tarIke nimAyela ucca adhikArI hatA. e gujarAtamAMthI mughala zAsananA asta ane marAThI zAsananA udayane. svayaM sAkSI hato. eNe pitAnA e graMthamAM I. sa. 1719 thI 1761 sudhInAM Azare cALIsa varSane AMkhe dekhyo ahevAla Apyo che. emAM e pahelAM. ItihAsa anya upalabdha ItihAsagraMtho ane sarakArI daphatarAne AdhAre Apela che, vaLI enI puravaNImAM amadAvAdanI vigata ApI che. A graMtha lekhanamAM nedhapAtra hakIkata e che ke lekhakane enA A kAryamAM sahAya karanAra phArasI bhASA sAhityano prakhara jANakAra ane abhyAsI e mIThAlAla nAme eka hiMdu hato. e dIvAna oNphisane eka sAmAnya kArakuna hatA, ane rAjyanA rekarDa khAtAmAM kAma karatuM hatuM. lekhake pite enI madada ullekha bahu ja sadbhAvapUrvaka karyo che.

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9 muM ] sAhitya [ 311 mULa saMskRta nATaka "pravovandrone phArasI anuvAda "gulajhAre hAlanAmathI hi.sa. 1073 (I.sa.1962)mAM thayo hato enI eka nakala dIvAna amarajIe pitAnA graMthAlayamAM rAkhavA mATe hi.sa. 1205 (I.sa.1790)mAM karAvI. enA hAMsiyAmAM ghaNAM nAma nAgarI lipimAM lakhavAmAM AvyAM che, jethI vAMcavAmAM tathA uccAramAM bhUla na thAya. lahiyAe A pustakanI mAtra nakala ja karI hatI te ene ulekha A sthAne karavAmAM na Avata, paraMtu emAM eNe keTalIka maulika bAbate paNa umerI che. vi. saM. 1846-37( I. sa. 1790)mAM paDelA bhayaMkara dukALanI emAM noMdha levAmAM AvI che, jenuM varNana sAhityika zailImAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. dukALa daramyAna lekonI dayanIya hAlatanuM varNana ane anAjanA bhAvanI noMdha paNa emAM karelI che. hi.sa.1195(I.sa.1780)mAM muhammada murtajhA kurezI mujhapharAbAdI seraDIe majamA una navAdira" nAmano eka benamUna phArasI kAvyasaMgraha lakhyo. A pustakamAM eNe keTalAMka kAvya nukatA (anusvAra ke biMdu) vagaranA akSarothI banelA zabdomAM lakhyAM che, to keTalAMka kAvya mAtra nakatAvALA akSarothI banelAM che. bIjAM keTalAMka kAvya evAM che ke jeonA zabdomAM eka akSara mukatAvALo hoya ane eka nukatA vagarano hoya, je batAve che ke phArasI bhASA upara enuM a. sAdhAraNa prabhutva hatuM. muhammada kAsama bina abdurrahamAna buddAe pitAnA "saphIna usa sAdAta" nAmanA graMthamAM gujarAtanA keTalAka jANItA saMta-puruSonI hakIkata ApI che. e graMtha hi. sa. 1184 (I.sa.1770)mAM lakhAyo. hi.sa.1185(I.sa.171)mAM zekha nijhAmuddIna valade zekha mahamada yAhyAe makhajhana ula arAsa" eTale "erasa(u)ne khajAna " nAme pustaka lakhyuM temAM saMta puruSonA mRtyunI tArIkha ane orasanA divase ApelA che. hi.sa. 1222 (I.sa.1807)mAM suratanA bakSI kuTuMbanA mIra muhammada phajhale husenakhAna hamadAnIe potAnA kuTuMbanI hakIkata darzAvato eka graMtha nAme vaphAyae ahasana ula madAyaha" lakhyo. amadAvAdanI bheLAnAtha lAIbrerImAM kartAnA nAma vagaranI eka phArasI tArIkha mejUda che temAM amadAvAda dhoLakA bharUca vagere paragaNa: jamInadAronAM nAma; kAjI mehatasiba vagere amaladAronI nimaNuka tathA vahANavaTAnI hakIkate ApelI che. hakIkatonI zarUAta hi. saM. 1167 (I. sa. 1753 ) thI karavAmAM AvI che.

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12 ] sarAhA kAla [ 34. amadAvAdanA vatanI zrI rAjazakarane phArasI bhASA upara sArA kAbU hatA. eNe eka pustakanA dIkhAcA (prastAvanA) lakhyA che enI lakhelI eka hamda (Izvarastuti ) saMpUrNa zraddhA ane zuddha bhAvanAthI lakhAyelI che. evu takhallusa ahaMkarI ' hatuM. phatesiMha gAyakavADanI takhtanazInI vakhate (hi. sa. 1182-I.sa. 1768) lakhelA enA eka kasIde enI kAvyakalAnA eka uttama namUnA che. " . zekha inAyata bina zekha dApue eka pustaka jahAjarAnI (vahANavaTA ) upara lakhyuM che temAM samudro, enu vAtAvaraNa, emAM thatAM tAphAtA tathA graheAnAM halanacalana vagerenI saMpUrNa ane vigatavAra mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che. A pustaka chapAyuM nathI. enI hastapratanA aMte lakhavAmAM Avyu che : kAtiba ane mAlika, namra takasIravAra mAlima inAyata bina meoslima zekha dAdu : muMbaI beTa : rajaba mahinA.' 6 amadAvAdanA saiyada mahammada mIra, takhallusa sAjha, hajharata zAha kukheAlamanA vaMzaja hatA. teo dhADesavArI ane tIra-adAjhImAM kuzaLa hatA. emaNe tIra dAjhI( bANuvidyA ) upara eka suMdara risAlA lakhyA che. emanA sUphIvAda upara lakhelA keTalAka patrA ane urdU mAM lakhelI eka dIvAna paNa che. : A uparAMta keTalAka pArasI lekhakAe paNa phArasImAM dhArmika sAhitya lakhyuM che. emAM phArasI ' khulAsaye dIna ', phArasI gadyapadyamAM lakhAyela ' caritranAmA tathA mahetA nAnAbhAInI lakhelI 'mAnAjAta' (prAthanA) vagerenA samAveza " thAya che. e uparAMta mAkheda pharAmarAjha rustama khorazede phArasI padyamAM 'jahAMgIra nAmA ' ane ' kAusanAmA ' nAmanAM e pustaka lakhyAM che. ' pArasI lekhakeAmAM vizeSa ullekhanIya te mullAM phIrAjha bina mullAM kAusa " ' hatA. nAnI uMmare eNe potAnA pitA sAthe IrAnanI sara karI hatI. e phArasI sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI hatA. eNe vizvavikhyAta kavi phiradosInA mahAkAvya zAhanAmA 'nA anukaraNamAM ' jyAnAmA ' nAme eka kAvya lakhyu che temAM aMgrejonI hiMdustAnamAMnI phatehe tathA porTugIjha amalanI zarUAtathI I. sa. 1817 mAM kaMpanI sarakAre puNe lIdhu tyAM sudhIne itihAsa che. gujarAtamAM racAyela phArasI sAhityanA prANusvarUpa rUkAta ( patravyavahAra) ane khayAjha( DAyarI )mAM paNa A samayanA gujarAtIoe sArA phALA ApyA

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sAhitya [ 13 che. ghaNA hiMdu ane musalamAna lekhako DAyarIo rAkhatA. temanI DAyarIo ane patralekhana dvArA itihAsanAM pRSTha khelavAmAM ghaNI madada maLI zake ema che. gujarAtamAM prApta badhI DAyarIonuM prakAzana karavAmAM Ave to itihAsamAM ghaNAM navAM pRSTha umerAya. dA. ta. zobhArAmanI DAyarI mAtra gujarAtanA ja nahIM, paraMtu bhAratanA ItihAsa saMbaMdhamAM ghaNI vigatavAra nedha Ape che. kamanasIba pharUkhasiyara bAdazAhanA matanI vigatavAra hakIkata emAMthI maLI rahe che. gujarAtane sAce itihAsa jANavA mATe AvAM rUkAta ane bayAjha ghaNI upayogI sAmagrI ApI zake ema che. hi.sa. 1200 (I.sa. 1785)mAM lakhAyela kisanajI vaidanuM "rUka e garIba nAmanuM pustaka tathA hi.sa. 1218 (I. sa. 1803)mAM lakhAyela munazI bhAlacaMdranA rUphakAta upayogI nIvaDI zake tevA che. IsavI sananI 18 mI sadInA patralekhanano eka saMgraha karanAra gujarAtano nAgara brAhmaNa chabIlArAma hate. zahenazAha pharUkhasiyare ene "rAjA" ane dIvAne khAlisa" evA ilakAba ApyA hatA. zahenazAha pharUkhasiyara tathA muhammadazAha tathA emanA adhikArIoe rAjA chabIlArAma ane emanA vaMzajo upara lakhelA patrono e saMgraha che. rAjA chabIlArAma ane enA vaMzajoe ApelA javAba paNa emAM saMgRhIta che. gujarAtanA itihAsa mATe e saMgraha ghaNe upayogI thaI paDe tevo che. patravyavahAranA e saMgrahanuM nAma "ajAyela ula AphAka" arthAta " duniyAnI ajAyabIo " che. e saMgrahanI eka nakala laMDananA briTiza myujhiyamamAM che. enI pheTokopI bhAvanagaranA sva. mAnazaMkara pItAMbaradAsa mahetAe karAvI te zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAne bheTa ApI che. DAyarI-lekhanamAM A samaya daramyAna lakhAyela DAyarIomAM munazI naMdalAla, kisanajI vaida ane bhavAnIzaMkara rAyanI DAyarIo vadhu mahatvanI che. | munazI naMdalAla enA samayane phArasIne jANIne vidvAna hatA. eNe phatehasiMharAva gAyakavADanA amadAvAdanA sUbedAra gopALarAvanI prazaMsAmAM ghaNA kasadA ( prazaMsA-kAvyo) lakhyA che. e uparAMta keTalIka rUbAIo paNa lakhI che. uparyukta gopALarAvanI tArIphamAM udUmAM paNa eka kasI lakhe che. e batAve che ke urdU bhASA upara paNa enuM sAruM evuM prabhutva hatuM.46

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14]. marAThA kAla [ 5. pAdaTIpa 9. R. G. Bhandarkar, Report on the Search for Sanskrit MSS in the Bombay Presidency, 1887-91, pp, lxiii ff. 2. "mAmavo" (guja. anu. che. bhA. zAha), prastAvanA, pR. 7 3. mohanalAla da. dezAI, "jaina aitihAsika rAsamALA', bhA. 1, pR. 59-66 4. mohanalAla da. dezAI, "jaina gUrjara kavio', bhA. 3, pR. 181 5. paMDita zrIzivanArAyaNa zAstrI, tarkasaMgrahatAroHya, pR. 24, vA.. re 6. mehanalAla da. dezAI, "jaina gUrjara kavio', bhA. 3, pR. 332; 4. che. zAha, jaina sAhitya gRhad kRtihAsa, pR. 62 7. aMbAlAla che. zAha, gujara-deza-rAjavaMzAvalI ", svAdhyAya, pu. 1, pR. 241-60 8-9, ramezacaMdra lAbhazaMkara paMDayA (saMpA.). "zikSApatrI , pR. 2, 3 zatAnaMda muni ane dInAnAtha bhaTTa vaccenA saMbaMdhanI carcA mATe juo nIce pAdaTIpa naM. 11. 10. J. A. Yajnik, The Philosophy of Sriswaminarayana, p. 9 11. A graMthanA katRtva mATe keTalAka matabheda pravarte che. keTalAka mAne che ke " zatAnaMda muni" e to kharI rIte bharUca jillAnA Amoda gAmanA vidvAna brAhmaNa dInAnAtha bhaTTanuM sAhityika upanAma hatuM [ ramezacaMdra lA. paMDayA (saM.), uparyukta pR. 2, 3. zrI kizoralAla mazarUvAlA paNa A kRti dInAnAtha bhaTTanI mAne che (kizoralAla mazarUvAlA, "sahajAnaMda svAmI athavA svAminArAyaNa saMpradAya, pR. 39). 12. kIrtanamAlA, saMpAdaka zrI masta. 13. prA. kA, graM. 23-24 ane prA. kA. he, varSa 4 thuM aMka 3, varSa 3 juM, aMka 2. 14. prA. kA, graM. 2 je, enuM carita 15 gujarAtI presa (muMbaI) ane phArbasa gu. sabhA(muMbaI)nA saMgrahamAM enI canAonI hAthaprato che. 16. prA. kA. , varSa 1, aMka 1 lo ane prA. kA, sudhA. bhA. 3 je 17. prA. kA, graM. 7 mo ane ba. kA. de, bhAga 3 ane 5 18. ba kA de, bhAga 2 je 19. pha. gu. sabhAne ha. li. pu. saMgraha 20. ba. kA. do, bhAga 5 mo 21. DAhyAbhAI kavi, kavicaritra 22. gu vi., ha. li. pu. saMgraha, naM. 455 23. prA. ko, graM. rara, ba. kA. de, bhAga 1, 5 thI 8 24 prA kA, graM. 1 bhAga 10 mA 25. DA. pI. derAsarI, "janIbAI : chaThThI gu. sA. pariSadane ahevAla 26. ku. ma. jhaverI, gu. sA. mArga. staMbha, pR. 135 27. prA. kA. sudhA, bhAga 4 tho

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sAhitya [ 315 28. DAhyAbhAI kavi, kavicaritra ane gu. ha. li. pu.nI saMkalita yAdI, pR. 66-67 29. prA. kA. graMtha 6 30 DAhIlakSmI lAibrerI naDiyAda, ha. li. pu. naM. 127 31, gu. vi. sabhA, ha. li. pu. naM. 5428 32. bu. kA. da. bhAga 7, pR. 77 - 77 33. bu. kA. da. bhAga 1, pR. 798-800 34. bu. kA. do. bhAga 7, pR. 825-7 35. bu. kA. da. bhAga 7 36. phA. gu. sa, ha. li. pu. naM. 371-372 ka-kha 37. ke. kA. zAstrI, kavicarita, graM. 3 ja (hAthanI nakala) 38. gu. vi. sa. ha. li. pu. naM. 513 A 39. phA. gu. sabhA ha. li. pu. naM. 303 ka-kha 40. pho, gu. sabhAnI hastapratanI yAdI, bhAga 1 41. phA. gu. sabhAnI ha.pu.nI yAdI ane ba, kA. de, bhAga 5 mo 82, M. R. Majmudar (ed.): The Maratha Supremacy, p. 695 43. dI. ba. kRSNalAla ma. jhaverI, gujarAtIoe lakhelA phArasI graMtha', pR. 84 44. M. R. Majmudar, op.cit., p. 695 45. mahatu, saiya, "kaviyAte pArasIma hindumAM hissA", "aMmane tarInuM 3 ', 2142 46. A phArasI kRtio aMgenI vigato dI. ba. kRSNalAla mo. jhaverInA uparyuktaH pAdaTIpa na. 43 mAMnA graMthamAMthI levAmAM AvI che.

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prakaraNa 10 dharma-saMpradAye 1. hiMdu-jaina ApaNu abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDamAM agAunA mughalakAlanI tulanAe hiMdujaina dharmanI anuyAyI prajAmAM dhArmika-sAMpradAyika parivartana jaNAtAM nathI. dhArmika sthitimAM kaI gaNanApAtra pheraphAra nathI temaja svAmI sahajAnaMde pravartAvelA svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyane bAda karatAM kaI viziSTa dhArmika paribaLo paNa najare paDatAM nathI; prajAnuM dhArmika-sAMpradAyika jIvana pUrvavata vyatIta thatuM hatuM. pravartamAna rAjakIya azAMtine pariNAme UbhI thayelI sAmAjika-Arthika avyavasthAne kAraNe, thoDAka apavAdone bAjue rAkhIe te, dhArmika-sAMpradAyika jIvananuM pariNAma mukhyatve sthAnika hatuM. svAminArAyaNa saMpradAye tatkAlIna gujarAta pradezanA kalahathI dUSita vAtAvaraNamAM dhArmika ane sAmAjika sudhAraNAnuM prazasya kArya karyuM. selaMkI kAlamAM thayelA cakradhara svAmIe gujarAtamAM bhayathI mahArASTra-vidabhAmAM jaI mahAnubhAva saMpradAya pravartAvyo hato tema uttara pradezanA chapaiyAmAMthI gujarAtamAM AvI svAmI sahajAnaMda svAminArAyaNa saMpradAya sthApI, jIvanazaktino maMtra ApI samAjanA nIcA gaNAtA vargomAM sudhAraNanuM pravartana karyuM tathA zAMti ane surAjyanI sthApanAnA kAryamAM paNa amUlya pradAna karyuM. "mAre tenI talavArane yuga pravartate hato tyAre svAminArAyaNa saMpradAye sAtvika bhakti, vairAgya, sadAcAra ane satsaMga upara bhAra mUkI lekone sadAcArane mArge vALyA. gujarAta mULathI ja ahiMsAdhama gaNAya che, paNa A samayamAM gujarAtamAM kALI aMbA zItaLA mahAmArI baLiyA kAkA bheravavIra vagerenA sAMtvanAthe eTalI ja hiMsA thatI ke svAminArAyaNane e rUDhi sAme bhAre meTe saMgharSa karavo paDyo hate; pitAnAM jIva ane svataMtratAne jokhamamAM nAkhavAM paDelAM ane zAstrArtho karavA paDayA hatA.' sahajAnaMda svAmIne janma I. sa. 1781(saM. 1837)mAM thayuM hatuM ne emane svargavAsa I. sa. 1830(saM. 1886)mAM mAtra 40 varSanI vaye thayo hato. sahajAnaMda svAmInI janmabhUmi chapaiyA gAma ayodhyAthI daseka mAIla

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10 muM ] dharma-saMpradAya [017 dUra AveluM che. e gAmanA vatanI hariprasAda pAMDe ane premavatI nAme brAhmaNa daMpatIne ghera saM. 182 nI rAmanavamInI rAtre emano janma thayo. emanuM bAlapaNanuM nAma ghanazyAma hatuM ane traNa bhAIomAM teo vaceTa hatA.. nAnapaNathI ja emane tapazcaryA devadarzana vrataniyama ane kathAvArtA upara atizaya prema hato. teo agiyAra varSanA thayA tyAre mAtA-pitAne svargavAsa thayo.. e pachI traNeka mAsa bAda moTA bhAIe keI nimiro pako ApatAM ghanazyAme gRhatyAga karyo ane varNaveza dhAraNa karyo. tyAra pachI e "nIlakaMTha varNI " tarIke oLakhAyA ane sAta varSa sudhI aneka tIrthomAM pharyA. saM. 1856 (I. sa. 1799)nA zrAvaNa vadi chaThanA divase soraThamAM mAMgaroLa pAse leheja gAmamAM teo muktAnaMda svAmIne maLyA ane e ja varSanA jeTha vadi bArasanA divase pipalANA gAmamAM rAmAnaMda svAmIne maLyA. saM. 1857nA kArtika sudi agiyArasanA divase rAmAnaMda svAmI pAse bhAgavatI dIkSA lIdhI. nIlakaMTha vaNane "sahajAnaMda" nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM. saM. 1858 nA mAgasara sudi terasanA divase rAmAnaMda svAmIe potAnA svargavAsanA eka mahinA pahelAM sahajAnaMda svAmIne uddhava saMpradAyanA AcAryapade sthApIne dehatyAga karyo. e pachI 28 varSa, 5 mAsa ane ra7 divasa sudhI sahajAnaMda svAmIe gujarAta saurASTra ane kacchamAM pracAranuM kArya svayaM temaja potAnA anuyAyI sAdhusaMta. dvArA cAlu rAkhyuM. vaDatALa ane amadAvAda e be sthaLoe be gRhastha AcAryone pitAnA dharmakuLamAMthI pasaMda karIne emaNe sthApyA. aMtima varSomAM gujarAta saurASTra ane kacchamAM aneka maMdira baMdhAvyAM. zatAnaMda muni pAse "satsaMgI jIvana graMtha saMskRtamAM taiyAra karAvyo, jemAM saMskRtamAM racela "zikSApatrI' dAkhala karI. sahajAnaMdajIe gujarAtI bhASAmAM ApelAM pravacanono "vacanAmRta' nAmathI saMgraha karavAnuM zreya saMpradAyanA muktAnaMda gopALAnaMda nityAnaMda ane zukAnaMda svAmIone che. svAmi nArAyaNa jyAre jJAnavArtA karatA tyAre A cAre sadaguruo enI noMdha karI letA ne pachI bhegA maLI pramANarUpa thAya e lekha taiyAra karatA. eka vacanAmRtamAM nityAnaMda svAmIe e divasa sudhInAM vacanAmRtone saMgraha sahajAnaMda svAmIne batAvyo ane e joIne teo khuza thayA ema noMdheluM che, tethI A adhikRta pravacana-saMgraha che. taLapadI saurASTra bolInI chAMTavALA A pravacana-saMgrahamAM tAttvika ane sUkSma vicArone sAmAnya jano paNa samaje tevA gujarAtI gadyamAM lokagamya karavAno saphaLa prayAsa che. emanA upadezomAM vaNava sevAvRtti, jaina,

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218 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. dhamanI kaDaka saMyamazIlatA, rAmAnujanI viziSTa upAsanA, puSTimAgIya vatsavapraNAlI ane dezakAlAnusArI vyavahAru samajaNano samanvaya dekhAya che. emaNe koI navA tattvajJAnane upadeza karyo nathI. "zikSApatrI mAM teoe spaSTa kahyuM che ke potAne rAmAnujAcAryane viziSTAdvaita siddhAMta mAnya che -mate viziSTadvata che ! sahajAnaMdajIe baMdhAvelAM maMdiromAMnAM keTalAMka anu-marAThAkAlIna sthApatyanA suMdara namUnA che. amadAvAda zaheranI madhyamAM AveluM svAminArAyaNanuM maMdira tathA enI AsapAsanuM lAkaDAnuM ketarakAma zilpakaLAnI dRSTie suMdara ane darzanIya gaNAya che. ghaNAMkharAM maMdiranI A yojanA sahajAnaMdajInA munimaMDaLamAMnA brahmAnaMda svAmI, AnaMdAnaMda svAmI ane niSkuLAnaMda svAmInA hAthe thaI hatI. svAminArAyaNanA samayamAM badhAM maMdira gurubhakta vaiSNava jana eTale ke saMpradAyanA anuyAyIoe ane tyAgIoe ja bAMdhyAM hatAM. ghaNuM kharuM majUrInuM kAma tyAgIo ke satsaMgI kaDiyA ane suthAro karatA. svAminArAyaNa jyAM mukhya nivAsa hatA te gaDhaDAnuM maMdira bAMdhyuM tyAre dareka jaNe savArasAMja nAhIne AvatI vakhate eka eka patharo upADI lAvavo e niyama hate. e rIte svAminArAyaNa pite paNa eka pathare mAthe mUkIne lAvatA. svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA niyama, khAsa karIne sAdhuo mATe, ghaNA kaDaka hatA, paNa sahajAnaMdajI eka apratima yAjaka hatA. teo eka bAju bhaktone atizaya kaThaNa niyamathI kasatA ane kaI vAra emanI zraddhAnI AkarI parIkSA letA, te bIjI bAju bhaktone lADa laDAvavAmAM paNa kacAsa na rAkhatA. ahiMdu jAtione hiMdu dharmamAM dAkhala karavAmAM paNa gujarAtamAM to e kAlamAM sahajAnaMdajI prathama hatA. suratanA suprasiddha aradezara koTavALa tathA keTalAka khojA musalamAnoe svAminArAyaNa saMpradAya svIkAryo hato ane hajI paNa keTalAka khojA svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA anuyAyI che." | svAminArAyaNa mAtra dharmapravartaka mahetA, dharmasudhAraka ane saMsArasudhAraka paNa hatA. halakI gaNAtI jAtiomAM sudhAraNAnuM ane ucca dhArmika saMskAra pADavAnuM kAma emaNe ane emanA sAdhuoe moTA pAyA upara karyuM. e mAtra vyaktigata kAryuM nahotuM, paNa navo zabda prayojIne kahIe to, eka AMdolana hatuM. svAminArAyaNane ghaNuM zikhya kaDiyA darajI suthAra khAravA mocI ane aMtyaja hatA. tethI te janA sAMpradAyikone emane virodha karavAnuM

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10 muM ] dharma-saMpradAya [ 319 eka moTuM kAraNa maLyuM hatuM. aMgreja lekhake e svAminArAyaNane mahAna hiMdu sudhAraka (a great Hindu reformer) tarIke oLakhAvyA che. halakI gaNAtI jAtione saMskRta karavAnI svAminArAyaNanI paddhati viziSTa prakAranI hatI. emane sudhAro nIcI gaNAtI jAtione UMce caDAvI emAM ucca saMskAro pADavAno hato. magha mAMsa ane kephI vastuone tyAga, roja snAna ane pUjA karyA vinA jamavuM nahi, gALyA vinAnAM dUdha ke pANI pIvAM nahi, e svAminArAyaNa saMskAra hatA.8 je samaye gujarAta-saurASTramAM aMdhakAra chAI rahyo hato te vakhate pitAnA pratApathI aneka hadayone prakAza pamADanAra, anekanAM cittanuM AkarSaNa karI emane "guruvacane cUrecUrA" thaI jAya tevA svavaza karI mUkanAra, kAThIkeLI jevA anekanI cauyavRttione corI lenAra, lupta thayelA brahmacaryAzramane punaH sthApanAra, niraMkuza ane svachaMdI banelA brahmacaryAzramane ujajavala karanAra, patita thayelA guruo ane AcAryo mATe saMyamano Adaza besADanAra, strIone samAja tathA saMpradAyamAM cakkasa sthAna ApI emanI unnati karanAra, ane hiMdune hiMdu dharmamAM zAmila karanAra, zone AcArazuddhi zIkhavanAra, sAhitya saMgIta tathA kaLAnA piSaka, ahiMsAmaya yajJanA pravartaka, kSamAdharmanA upadezaka, zauca ane sadAcAranA saMsthApaka, zuddha bhaktimAga ane zuddha jJAnamArganA cAlaka, bhAgavata dharmanA zikSaka tathA vyAsasiddhAMtanA bodhaka evA sahajAnaMda svAmI hatA." | svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyamAM aneka samartha bhaktakavio thaI gayA che ane emaNe eno saMdeza madhura vANImAM vahAvI kapriya banAvyo che. e kaviomAM muktAnaMda (I.sa. 1764-1830), brahmAnaMda (I. sa. 17721822), premAnaMda premasakhI (I. sa. 1784-1855), niSkuLAnaMda (I.sa. 1766-1848), devAnaMda (I. sa. 18 03-1854), bhUmAnaMda ( I. sa. 17961868), maMjukezAnaMda (avasAna I. sa. 1863) vagere mukhya che. 1deg spaSTa che ke emAMnA ghaNAka sahajAnaMda svAmI karatAM vayamAM moTA hatA, paNa sahajAnaMdajInA guNavizeSoe emane AkarSyA hatA. kavi dayArAma (I. sa. 1777-1853) A samayamAM thaI gayA che ke emanuM jIvana TheTha arvAcIna kAlanA aruNodaya sudhI laMbAyuM hatuM. mahAna gujarAtI kavi hovA sAthe sAMpradAyika dRSTie teo puSTimArganA custa anuyAyI hatA. emanuM jIvana-kavana sUcave che ke mughala kAlamAM gujarAtamAM daDhamUla thayela

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marAThA kAla [y. 3ra0 ] puSTimAga prajAjIvanamAM pUrvavat pravartamAna hatuM. gujarAtI "rAmAyaNa'ne kartA giradhara, jJAnamArganI kAphIo racanAra dhIre, dharmaDhoMgIone cAbakhA mAranAra bhaje, "harino mAraga" jevAM amara pade racanAra prItama, nirAMta ane enI ziSyA vaNArasIbAI, paraNAmI saMpradAyanA prasAraka prANanAtha (drAvatI' tarIke) vagere bhakto A yugamAM thaI gayAM. kRSNAbAI gavarIbAI pUrIbAI vagere kavayitrIo paNa A kAlamAM thaI. jena kavionI vipula lekhana-pravRtti A kAlamAM cAlu hatI. 11 paurANika zaiva dharma paNa, agAunI jema, pravartamAna hato ne ene lagatuM sAhitya racAyuM che. udAharaNa tarIke zAmaLabhaTanuM 'zivapurANa" prasiddha che. jUnAgaDhanA dIvAna raNachoDajI (ziva-mAtAmya) jeNe "tavArIkhe soraTha" nAme phArasI itihAsagraMtha racyo che, teNe zivabAvanI ane ziva mahAranAkara" e vrajabhASAnA suMdara padyagraMtho uparAMta zivarahasya' 'zivagItA' 'zivarAtrimAhAsya e gujarAtI kRtio ane "caMDIpAThanA garabA' paNa racyA che. paurANika zivabhakti ane zivastutinuM tathA zivapurANa-saMbaddha kathAonuM ane devIstutinuM bIjuM vividha gujarAtI sAhitya paNa A samayamAM racAyeluM che. arAjaka ane aMdhAdhuMdhIthI bharelA A kALamAM aneka saMto bhajaniko avadhUta tyAgIo oliyA thaI gayA che. AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruve kahyuM che tema, samAja-zarIra lagabhaga nicetana thaI gayuM hatuM tyAre paNa dharmanI nADImAM cautanya hatuM. A mughalakAlamAM thayAM hatAM tevAM sthApatya A yugamAM thAya evI paristhiti nahatI, te paNa keTalAMka hiMdu bAMdhakAma ullekhapAtra che. alabatta, e vizenI noMdha saMpUrNa nahi, paNa udAharaNAtmaka samajavAnI che. uttara gujarAtamAM gadAdhara athavA zAmaLAjInA maMdirano jIrNoddhAra I. sa. 1762mAM thaye hato.12 taLa gujarAtanA sauthI meTA vaSNave tIrtha DAkeranuM hAlanuM maMdira pezavAnA zarApha, satArAnA gepALa jagannAtha tAMbekare I. sa. 177ra mAM baMdhAvyuM hatuM. 13 prabhAsapATaNamAM temanAthanuM maMdira ahalyAbAI holakare I. sa. 1787mAM baMdhAvyuM hatuM.14 siddhapuramAM ahalyAbAIne maTha I. sa. 1795 mAM baMdhAya hata.15 uttara gujarAtanA pATaNamAM brAhmaNonA smazAnamAM hariharezvara mahAdevanA prAcIna maMdira sAmenA brahmakuMDamAM zeSazAyInI vizALa ane darzanIya mUrti che, e kuMDane jIrNoddhAra phattesiMharAva gAyakavADe I. sa. 1784(saM. 1841)mAM karAvyo hovAno zilAlekha tyAM che. 16 18 mI sadInA madhyamAM suratanA zAhukAra, abherAme tApInA kinAre azvinIkumAra maMdirane jIrNoddhAra karAvyo hato. 17

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10 muM ] ' dharma-saMpradAye [ 321. ogaNIsamI sadInA AraMbhamAM kRSNa arjuna travADIe suratamAM bAlAjInuM maMdira traNa lAkha rUpiyA kharcIne baMdhAvyuM hatuM. 18 - I.sa. 1761 mAM "mirAte ahamadI' tavArIkha pUrI karanAra alI muhammadakhAne amadAvAdanAM prasiddha maMdiromAM, kAraMjamAM bhadranA killAnI pUrva dIvAlamAM AvelA bhadrakAlInA jANItA maMdirano ullekha karyo nathI, e uparathI anumAna thAya che ke e maMdira tyAra pachI marAThI zAsanakAlamAM baMdhAyuM haze. 19 pATaNamAM solaMkI kAlanI rAjagaDhInA avazeSane aDIne Avela bhadrakAlInuM maMdira, paNa marAThA kAlamAM baMdhAyuM lAge che. pATaNa bhUtapUrva vaDodarA rAjyano bhAga hatuM. vaDodarA rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa thayuM tyAM sudhI rAjapratinidhi tarIke pATaNanA vahIvaTadAra (mAmalatadAra ) vijayAdazamInA divase zamIpUjana mATe A maMdira pAsenA samIvRkSa AgaLa AvatA ne pUjana pachI maMdire darzana karIne kacerIe jatA. e bAbata paNa A maMdira rAjyAzrita hovAne ghotaka che. uttara-mughala kAlamAM ane marAThI zAsana-kAlamAM somanAtha ane dvArakA jevAM prasiddha tIrthasthAnonuM rakSaNa-saMgopana marAThAonA hAthamAM hatuM. cANaMda, pAse karanALImAM, anya tIrthomAM tathA vaDodarA ane bIjAM keTalAMka nagaramAM purANonI kathAvArtA niyamita rIte cAle e mATenI vyavasthA "vyAsAsana.'' rUpe hatI. gAyakavADa sarakAranA eka hoddedAra "dharmAdhikArI" hatA. sarakArI devasthAnonI suvyavasthA rAkhavI, je devasthAne maTha maMdira vagerene sarakArI; madada maLatI hoya teonI dekharekha rAkhavI tathA dharma ane nIti vize prasaMgopAtta vyAkhyAna ApavAM e dharmAdhikArInuM kArya hatuM. (sane 1949 mAM vaDodarA rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa thayuM tyAM sudhI dharmAdhikArIne hedo cAlu rahyo hato.). marAThI rAjya amala nIce vaDodarA saMskRta vidyAnuM kedra banyuM hatuM ne tyAMnI zrAvaNa mAsa dakSiNA parIkSA ApavA mATe dezanA judA judA bhAgomAMthI paMDito. AvatA. (A parIkSAo prakArAMtare vaDodarAmAM hajI cAlu che. amadAvAdamAM gujarAta kolejamAM snAtakottara kelene "dakSiNa phela" kahevAmAM Ave che. kemake amadAvAdamAM marAThI zAsanano aMta Avyo e samaye vidvAna brAhmaNone dakSiNa ApavA mATe je rakamanI vyavasthA hatI temAMthI e "phelezipa'nI jogavAI pAchaLathI karavAmAM AvI hatI, je muMbaI pUnA vagerenI sarakArI kolejomAM paNa cAlu hatI ja.) jAmanagara ane surata paNa saMskRta vidyAnAM sArAM keMdra hatAM ne svAminArAyaNanAM maMdira sAthenI pAThazALAomAM vividha zAstronA abhyAsane viziSTa uojana maLatuM hatuM.' I-7-21.

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marara ] marAThA kAla [ pra. ApaNuM abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDamAM jainadharma prajAnA eka samRddha vargane hatuM ane enuM vipula sAhitya bahuzaH gujarAtImAM ane keTaluMka saMskRtamAM racAyuM che eno ullekha upara AvI gayA che, paNa mughala kAlamAM dazyamAna che tevAM paribaLa ke AMdolano, jaina samAjane saMbaMdha che tyAM sudhI A kAlamAM dekhAtAM nathI. jo ke vIravijayajI Adi sAdhukavionI samAjAbhimukhatA tema prabhAva noMdhapAtra che. I. sa. 176ra mAM muni raghunAthajInA mUtividhI ziSya * bhIkhamajIe terApaMtha sthApe, jo ke e paMcanA anuyAyIo mukhyatve mAravADamAM ane keTalAka karachamAM che, taLagujarAtamAM khAsa nathI. jainenI maMdiranirmANa ane saMghayAtrAnI pravRtti A kAlakhaMDamAM paNa cAlu rahI hatI, je ke rAjakIya Adi saMjogone kAraNe enuM pramANa agAu karatAM ochuM rahyuM hatuM. A kAlakhaMDanAM chevaTanAM 18 varSomAM zatruMjaya upara keTalAMka jaina maMdira baMdhAyAM hatAM. 21 I. sa. 1787 mAM zatruMjaya upara premacaMda modInI TrekanI sthApanA thaI ane tyAM keTalAMka maMdira baMdhAyAM. I. sa. 1805 mAM suratanA icchAbhAI zeThe zatruMjaya upara IrachAkuMDa bAMdhyo. 22 mughala kAlanA dhArmika-sAmAjika-Arthika vRttAMtamAM jemane nirdeza AvI - gayo che te zAMtidAsa jhaverInA tathA emanA vaMzamAM thayelA amadAvAdanA - nagarazeTha khuzAlacaMdanA vaMzaja vakhatacaMde I. sa. 1808 mAM zatruMjayane saMgha kADhayo hato ane DuMgara upara keTalIka mUrtionI pratiSThA karI hatI.23 gAyakavADa sarakAra sAthe emano sAro saMbaMdha hoI AvI saMghayAtrAo teo salAmatIpUrvaka jI zakatA hatA. suratathI je jaina saMdha zatruMjaya jatA teo binasalAmata ane lAMbA khuzkI mAga karatAM suratathI Dumasa ane tyAMthI samudramArge bhAvanagara thaI zatruMjayane mArga pasaMda karatA. Ama suratathI saurASTra AvavA mATe samudramAga vizeSa anukULa che. mULa pATaNanA ane pAchaLathI suratamAM vaselA kacarA kIkAe - suratathI sametazikharano saMgha kADhayo tyAre jamIna mArga karatAM dakSiNe kAlIkaTa thaI lAMbA cakarAvAvALe samudramArga vadhAre salAmata lekhAyo hato. 24 jaina saMvegI sAdhuo ane emAMye jaina yAtrike samagra prajA sAthe - samarasa thayelA hatA ane samAjanA mAnapAtra hatA. samAjanA vyApaka zikSaNamAM paNa yatione phALe gaNanApAtra hato. 25 vaidyaka ane jyotiSanA lokahitArthe prayoga dvArA teo bahusamAjanA pratyakSa saMsargamAM hatA. je seMkaDe jaina graMtha gujarAtI ane saMskRtamAM racAyA che temaja bahusaMkhyaka zAstragraMtha upara

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10 muM ] dharmasaMsadA [ 3ra3 -bAlAvabaMdha keTalAye sAdhAraNa vAcake ke adhyetAo mATe lakhAyA che te batAve che ke asthiratAthI bharelA A kAlamAM paNa jaina upAzrayamAM lekazikSaNanuM kArya zAMta ane aviratapaNe cAlyA karatuM hatuM. upAzrayamAM dararoja bapore -DAka jaina gRhastha ekatra thAya ane emAMthI eka jaNa koI rAkRti lalakArIne vAMce ane bIjAo e sAMbhaLe e prathA ekAda be peDhI pahelAM cAlu hatI. ghaNAka rAsAonI racanA A prakAranA paThana mATe koI gRhastha ke gRhasthanI vinaMtIthI thaI hatI. vividharaMgI gujarAtI prajAnuM AMtara caitanya TakAvI rAkhavAmAM sauthI meTo phALe koIno hoya te e madhyakALanA kavio saMto bhajaniko ane -kathaka-kathAkAra che. ItihAsanA sauthI viSama samayagALAmAM paNa tethI, prajAe pitAnI AMtarika samatA gumAvI nahotI tathA zAMti ane -AzvAsana prApta karyA hatAM. govardhanarAme kahyuM che tema, gAmagAma vacce aMdhera, dhADalTa ityAdine kAraNe saMparka rahyA nahi hoya tyAre dareka gAme pitAno Acho-pAtaLo paNa kavi nipajAvyo, jeNe nAnakaDe sthAnika dIvaDA banI lekanAM haiyAM ne lIlAM rAkhyAM. emAMnA vizeSa satvazALInI pratiSThA sthAnika na 2hetAM pradezavyApI banI. madhyakALanA A kavikuLa samAjane enA sArA divasomAM temaja rAjakIya ane bhautika vipatti veLA bauddhika vinoda sAhityarasa dharmalabhya AzvAsana ane naitika baLa ApyuM che ane samAjane ekAda DagaluM AgaLa laI javAnI sevA bajAvI che. govardhanarAme AthI sAcuM ja kahyuM che ke A kavio vinA gujarAtanuM lekajIvana raNa jevuM verAna ane -zuSka banI jAta ane gujarAta hadayanI sacetanatA khoI beThuM hota. gujarAtI bhASAne emaNe ghaDI paleTI keLavI ene bhAvakSama arthavAhI ane madhura banAvI e sevA te judI.26 A kaviparaMparA sAthe gujarAtI samAjane dhArmika ItihAsa avinA bhAve joDAyeluM che. (2) islAma A samayanuM musalamAnonuM dhArmika jIvana adhapatananA mArge jaI rahyuM hatuM. bhAratamAM islAmano pracAra ane prasAra mahAna sUphI saMta ane oliyAone AbhArI hato. caudamI ane paMdaramI sadI daramyAna evA saMtapuruSoe pitAnI niHsvArtha bhAvanA, utsAhI prayAso ane sAdagI bharela jIvana dvArA IslAmane cetanavaMte banAvyA hatA. emanuM naitika jIvana, tathA emanAM

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324] marAThA kAla [ praka mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoNa tathA udAra manavRtti jevAM kAraNathI ghaNA leka IslAma pratye AkarSAyA hatA. teo pAse Adarza jIvana jIvavAnI dRSTi hatI,. kSamatA paNa hatI. evA mahAna saMta pachI emanA nAmathI sUphI saMpradAya. astitvamAM AvyA. emanAM keMdra paNa sthapAyAM. pAdazAhe, amIre tayA emanA pitAnA anuyAyIo taraphathI maLatAM dAnathI e kedro Arthika rIte samRddha banyAM, paraMtu emane dhArmika utsAha tema sevAbhAvanA ghaTatAM gayAM. marAThA kALa daramyAna muslimonA dhArmika jIvana upara AvAM sUphI keMdrono ghaNo bhAre prabhAva hate. sUphI saMpradAyamAM guru-ziSya saMbaMdhonuM khAsa mahattva hatuM. jJAna ane mukti meLavavA mATe AdhyAtmika gurunI AvazyaktA rahetI. "guru vagara jJAna nahi" e sAcuM che, paraMtu e bhAvanAne hadanI bahAra laI javAmAM Ave. tyAre emAM paNa dUSaNe praveze che. AvuM ja kaMIka suphI saMpradAyamAM paNa banatuM. guru pratye Adara hovo jarUrI che, paraMtu jyAre gurune ja Izvara mAnavAmAM Ave ane e bhAvanAthI emanI bhakti karavAmAM Ave tyAre IslAmanA. mULabhUta siddhAMtanuM ullaMghana thAya che evuM keTalAka lekene lAgyuM. kurAna-- zarIpha ane hadIsa e IslAmanA AdhAra-staMbha che, paraMtu e badhuM arabI bhASAmAM lakhAyela che. bhAratanA moTA bhAganA muslima arabI bhASA jANatA, na hatA, AthI arabI vidvAne, ulemAo ane saMta vagerenI vANI upara emane vizvAsa mUke paDate hato. alabatta, suprasiddha saMta zAha valI ullAha (hi.saM.1114-1176=I.sa.1702-1762) kurAnanuM phArasImAM bhASAMtara bhAratamAM sauthI pahelI vAra karyuM, paraMtu ulemA dvArA ene bhAre pratIkAra paNa thaze. marAThA kALa daramyAna mugala sAmrAjyane pUre asta thaI cUkyo hato.. IslAmane have zAsananuM pIThabaLa na hatuM. islAma para sUphI saMte ane vidvAnone vyApaka prabhAva hato ane teo dvArA IslAmanuM svarUpa nakkI thatuM hatuM. e vikRta hatuM ke khoTuM hatuM e kahevAno Azaya nathI, paraMtu mAtra kurAna ane hadIsane tulAmAM ja ene rAkhavAmAM Ave te mahaMmada paigaMbara sAhebe prabaMdhela islAma karatAM enuM svarUpa juduM hatuM ema jarUra kahI zakAya. enA upara IrAnI ane bhAratIya asara hatI e hakIkata che. ane tethI ja A samaya daramyAna dharmasudhAraNAnI bIjI caLavaLa zarU thaI. ane enuM netRtva saiyada ahamada balavIe saMbhALyuM.

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10 muM] dhasapradAya [ kara5 mujIMda(saiyada ahamada sarahiMdI ) nuM kArya enA khalIphAo dvArA te cAlatuM hatuM. aDhAramI sadInA mahAna saMta ane ciMtaka zAha valI ullAha delavIe e kAryane vega Apo. zAha valI ullAha nakasabaMdI zAkhAnA sUphI saMta hatA. teoe IslAmamAM paraspara virodhAbhAsI evA ghaNA siddhAMtanuM samatulana karatAM ane sumeLa sAdhatAM keTalAMka pustaka ane lekha lakhyuM che, paraMtu sayada ahamada balavIe islAma-sudhAraNAnI masAla laI cAlavAnuM zarU - karyuM. emanI e caLavaLane "bhAratanI vahAbI caLavaLa" kahe che. arabastAnanI vahAbI caLavaLa ane bhAratanI vahAbI caLavaLa vacce ghaNAM samAna tatva hovA chatAM e baMne caLavaLa svataMtra hatI evuM ghaNuM vidvAna mAne che. samAnatAnI sAthe keTalIka asamAnatAo paNa baMnemAM hatI evuM hiMdamAM vahAbI caLavaLa " (The Wahabi Movement in India)nA lekhaka keyAmuddIna ahamada lakhe che. 27 teo evA niSkarSa upara Ave che ke preraNAnA samAna strota ane pravartamAna sAmAjika tathA dhArmika saMjogonI samAnatAne kAraNe e baMne vahAbI caLavaLomAM samAnatA jovA maLe che, paraMtu eno artha evo nathI thatuM ke saiyada ahamada balavIe muhaMmada bina abdula vahAbanuM anukaraNa karyuM hatuM. bhAratIya vahAbI caLavaLane AdhArabhUta graMtha "mirAte mustakIma " saiyada ahamada barelInAM kathana ane tAraNonA AdhAre racavAmAM Avyo che. enA saMkalanakAra zAha IsmAIla ane abdula haya saiyada ahamadanA khAsa anuyAyIo nahatA. keTalAka pAzcAtya vidvAna A graMthane khoTI rIte "vahAbIonuM kurAna" tarIke varNave che. ema chatAM e graMthane AdhAre siyada ahamade islAmamAM karavA dhArela sudhAraNAno khyAla maLI rahe che. enA mukhya muddA nIce pramANe che : (1) sUphIone aMcaLe edela keTalAka nAstika khudA vize apamAna- janaka bhASAno upayoga kare che. muslimee emanI vANI sAMbhaLavAthI dUra rahevuM. (2) keTalAka sUphIo khudA sAthe tAdAmya sAdhavAne ane mane mUta,28 arthAt sarva vastuomAM Izvarane sAkSAtkAra karavAno dAvo kare che. uparAMta teo potAne mArIphata arthAt devI jJAna maLyuM hovAnuM jAhera kare che ane A rIte pitAno kiMmatI samaya duSTa kathana karavAmAM gALe che. evA lekethI sAvaceta rahevuM. (3) IslAma prArabdhamAM mAne che. sUphIo prArabdha ane puruSArthanI carcA

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326 ] kare che. evI carcA vAMdhAjanaka che. (4) AdhyAtmika guru pratye hadathI vadhAre Ada darzAvavA ane emane" paigambara ke khudAnI kakSAe paheAMcADavA e khATu' che. mahA kAla [31. (5) pavitra puruSonI kabara upara amuka kriyAkAMDa karavAM ane mRta vyakti, pachI bhale e sa Mta hoya to paNa, amuka vastunI prApti mATe enI madada ane kRpAnI AkAMkSA rAkhavI e aneka IzvaravAdamAM pariNamI zake. pAka muslimAe jIvita sa tA pAsethI mAdarzana meLavavu joIe. jo koI vita saMta na maLe ! mRta sa MtanI kabara pAse deADI javA karatAM kusana ane hadIsamAMthI. mAOdana meLavI levuM e uttama mAryAM che. (6) mRtAtmAone sa MtASavA mATe najhara va niyAjha 'aa bhAga apanAvavA e pracchanna nAstikatA che, - bhAga dharAvavA ' e siddhAMtamAM bhale khATu na hAya, paraMtu enI sAthe sakaLAyela kalpanAe vahema ane navI navI paddhatie mULabhUta vicArane vikRta banAvI de che. TUMkamAM, sAcA muslime mAtra kurAna ane hadIsanA AdhAre jIvana jIvavuM, islAmanuM pAlana custapaNe islAmI sarita pramANe karavuM, vahAkhI caLavaLa lAMkhI cAlI. ene sabaMdha briTiza ala ane briTiza zAsana sAthe vadhu pramANamAM rahelA che. enAM dhArmika, sarjanaitika ane sAmAjika pariNAma dUragAmI AvyAM che, ema chatAM e caLavaLanu mUlya te ene islAmanA svarUpane vizuddha karavA mATe karelA prayAsA uparathI AMkI zakAya. enI asaranu kSetra mahad a Mze jo ke uttara ane pUrva bhAta hatuM chatAM enI asara samasta bhAratanA musalamAne upara paDe e svAbhAvika hatuM. e eka hakIkata che ke gujarAtanA musalamAna upara hiMdu sa MskRtinI asara vadhu pramANamAM paDelI che. gujarAtI musalamAna, pachI e kheAba hAya ke vaheArA. peAtAnI dhArmika ane sAmAjika mAnyatAomAM e anya musalamAneAthI alaga tarI Ave che. A kAla daramyAna gujarAtanA zIA IsmAIlI vaheAsamAM himtiyA rikAnA udbhava thayo. sunnemAnI, dAdI ane aliyA vaherA uparAMta eka anya peTA vibhAga IsunI aDhAramI sadInA uttAmAM aritatvamAM ALye, zekha ismAIla bina abdula rasula ane enA putra phekha hintullAe cyA phirakAnI sthApanA karI.

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10 muM ] dharma-saMpradAye [ 3ra7, zekha IsmAIle sayadI lukamAnajI nAmanA eka vayovRddha ane jJAnavRddha vidvAna pAse zikSaNa meLavyuM hatuM.29 e pite ane emane putra zekha hindullA nAmI vidvAna hatA. zekha islAIle ImAma sAthe sIdho saMbaMdha sthApita karyAno dAvo karyo. eTaluM ja nahi, paNa ema jAhera karyuM ke khuda ImAme ene dAI-ula-balaganuM pada ApyuM che. ane daI-ula-balaganuM pada dAI-ula-tutalakanA pada karatAM UMcuM hoI dAvatano adhikAra ene maLe che. zekha IsmAIlanA putra zekha hikhullAe paNa evo dAvo karyo ane vadhArAmAM pite imAmanA jamAI hovAno dAvo paNa peza karyo.... e rIte jotAM e. tatkAlIna dAI karatAM vadhu ucca sthAne che ema pote jAhera karyuM. tatkAlIna dAInA putranuM nAma paNa hindullA hatuM. saiyadanA hindullAe pitAnA nAmarAzi zekha hindullAnA e dAvAne paDakAryo ane ene pitAne dAvo kheMcI levA samajAvyo, paraMtu emAM ene niSphaLatA maLI. zekha hindullAnA TekedAra ane anuyAyI 'hinDiyA vahorA" kahevAyA. e uparAMta paNa eka vadhu phirake I. sa. 1789 mAM astitvamAM Avyo. eka vahorAe keTalAka navA siddhAMtanuM pratipAdana karI " nAgezI " eTale "gosta nahi khAnArA" komanI zarUAta karI ane e rIte "nAgozI vahorAonA phirakAnI zarUAta thaI. 31 (3) jarathostI dharma vasavATa ane prasAra sattaramI sadInA uttarArdhamAM jarathustIone prasAra surata bharUca aMkale zvara navasArI muMbaI thANA tema ja madrAsamAM savizeSa thayo. A samayagALAmAM aMgrejo ane pArasIo vacce ghaniSTha vepArI saMbaMdha baMdhAyA hatA. I. sa.. 17pa3 mAM kaMpanI sarakAre suratanA jarathustIonI muMbaImAM pahelavahelI gAdI baMdhAvI. muMbaIne dariyAI ane jamIna mArge vepAra-udyoga vadhatAM pazcima bhAratanuM e mukhya (vepAra-vaNajanuM) kedra banI gayuM. muMbaInA vikAsamAM jarastIoe ghaNe phALo Apyo hato. pariNAme muMbaInA parAMomAM tema ja thANAmAM pArasIonI saMkhyAmAM ghaNuM vadhAre thayo hato. ene lIdhe muMbaI ane thANAmAM A samaya daramyAna aneka dekhamAM devaLo ane dharmazALAo baMdhAvavAmAM AvyAM. I. sa. 1796 mAM muMbaImAM jarastIonAM bALakone chaMda avastAnuM zikSaNa ApavA mATe eka nizALa zeTha dAdAbhAI nauzaravAnajIe

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328 ] sarAhA phAla [ *, peAtAnA khace pIThAvAlA maheAllAmAM zarU karAvI hatI. A nizALamAM IrAnathI AvatA jathAstIone utArAnI sagavaDa paNa ApavAmAM AvatI hatI.32 AvI eka bIjI madresA jaratheAstIonAM bALakAne pahelavI, pAjhaH ane avastAnuM zikSaNa ApavA mATe vikhyAta dastUra kavi ane tattvavettA phrIrAjhanI smRtimAM ' mullAM phIrojha madresA ' zarU karavAmAM AvI hatI.33 A samayamAM thaI gayelA pArasI kavie, dastUra ane vidvAneAmAM dastUra mullAM phI rIjhanI khyAti jatheAstI samAjamAM vadhAre prasarelI che. emanuM asala nAma 'khezetena' hatuM. ' mullAM " khitAba vaMzapara MparAgata prApta karyAM hatA ane phIrAjha ' " ' takhallusathI te kAvyeA ane lekhA lakhatA hatA. IsavI sana 1794mAM teoe dastUrapada dhAraNa kayu' hatuM. emaNe patrakAratvanA kSetramAM paNa jhaMpalAvyuM hatu . ' rahanubhAe jarathostI' nAmanA mAsikanA taMtrI tarIke sevAkArya karyuM. hatu.34 A samayanA bIjA pArasI vidvAnAmAM dUradunajI marjhabAna dastUra edalajI amanajI jAmApuAzAnA dastUra dAdAkhaedalajI saMjANA dastUra rustamajI aherAmajI saMjANA dastUra jamazejI jAmApajI jAmAMspAzAnA dastUra dUrAmajI aspaMdI ArajI rakhADInAM nAma vizeSa ullekhapAtra che, jemaNe jarathe|stI zAstragraMthone te jathAstI dharmAMtA prasAra karavAmAM phALeA ApyA che. jarathostI dharmAMnA pRtha A samaya-gALAmAM jarathostI dharma mukhya traNa saMpradAyAmAM vaheMcAI gayA hatA : (1) zahenazAhI, (2) kadamI ane (3) phaisalI. jatheAstI dharmanA A paMtha navA varSanI gaNatarI bAbatamAM matabheda thavAthI paDelA che ane pariNAme emanA tahevArAmAM vyavahAramAM pharaka paDe che.35 kaThamI ane zahenazAhI 5thA vacce sakhata matabheda ane vAdavivAda zarU thayA hatA. * muMbaI samAcAra nAmanA vartamAnapatranuM kada A pathAnI carcA mATe eva uN karavAmAM AvyuM hatu.... 36 ' kakhIsA laha kazmIsAnA kalaha ' eTale varSanI gaNatarInA jhADA. aDhAramA zatakanI zarUAtamAM suratamAM ' kakhIsAnA kalaha ' jarathastIomAM zarU thayA hatA. jar thAstIo pAtAnuM varSa 365 divasanuM gaNe che, bAkInA pAMca kalAka ane 8 miniTa temaja 49 seka Dene teo gaNatarImAM letA nathI. prAcIna IrAnanA 6 "

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10 muM ] dhama-saMpradAye (329 zahenazAha dara 120 varasanA aMte kabIso" (adhika mAsa) karIne potAnuM paMcAMga meLavI letA hatA. I. sa. 1730 mAM hiMdustAnanA pArasIoe prathama vAra ja e vAtanI taidha lIdhI ke teo pitAnuM navuM varSa IrAnanA jarathostI karatAM eka mahino moDuM zarU kare che. varSanI A gaNatarIne kAraNe jarathostIomAM je matabheda UbhA thayA te "kabIsA-kalaha 'nA nAme oLakhAyA. A matabhedane kAraNe ja jarathostI dharmamAM upara darzAvelA traNa paMtha paDI gayA "kabIsA "nI paddhatine apanAvanArA " zahenazAhI " kahevAya che. zahenazAhI-paMthIo " razamI" eTale ke razama-rUDhi pramANe cAlanArA paNa kahevAya che. sUryanI gaNatarI pramANe varSanI zarUAta karanArA jarathostIo phasalI " kahevAya che ane teo pitAnuM navuM varSa "jamazedI navarojhathI zarU thayeluM gaNe che. jemaNe junavANI paddhatine svIkAra na karyo ane varSanI gaNatarInI bAbatamAM navuM kadama bharyuM teo "kadamI " kahevAya che.37 guja. rAtanA jaratIo meTe bhAge zahenazAhI varSanI gaNatarImAM mAnanArA che. A traNeya saMpradAyone matabheda mAtra varSanI gaNatarI bAbatamAM ja che, bAkI emanAM dhArmika mAnyatAo, rItarivAja ane kriyAkAMDamAM koI taphAvata nathI. A samayamAM jarathostIoe gujarAtamAM jyAM jyAM vasavATa karyo tyAM tyAM teo potAnA dhArmika utsava ane tahevAra UjavatA rahyA. teoe bahu lAMbA samayathI gujarAtamAM AvIne vasavATa karyo hovAthI emanA rItarivAjo ane raheNIkaraNI upara gujarAtanA saMskAranI chAyA jovA maLe che. sAce ja teo gujarAtanI prajA sAthe dUdhamAM sAkara bhaLe tema bhaLI gayelA jaNAya che. A samayanA gujarAtI sAhitya ane patrakAratvanA kSetramAM emaNe nedhapAtra pradAna karyuM che. (4) khristI dharma bhAratamAM khristI dharmanI prAcInatA IsunA bAra ziSyomAMnA eka-saMta masa jeTalI prAcIna darzAvavAmAM Ave che. anuzruti pramANe saMta Tomase bhAratIya-palava rAjA gadapharanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. eka hakIkata svIkAravI joIe ke IsunI bIjI sadInA aMta pahelAM khristI mizanarIo bhAratanI avAranavAra mulAkAta letA hatA ane bhAratamAM khristIo sthAyI thayA hatA.38 IsunI bIjI sadI daramyAna dakSiNa bhAratamAM khristI carca sthAyI thaI gayuM hatuM.

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330 ] marAThA kAla [pra. bhAratamAM kharekhara khristI mizanarI kArya te porTugInA Agamana pachI thayuM. 16 mI ane 17 mI sadI daramyAna spena ane porTugala A be mahAsattAo eziyA ane amerikAnA deza jItavA nIkaLI hatI. baMne deza khristI dharmanA kaeNthalika saMpradAyanA anuyAyI hatA, tethI teo jagatanA je. je dezamAM gayA tyAM tyAM pitAnI sAthe pitAne dhama paNa letA gayA. dakSiNa bhAratamAM porTugIjhanI vasAhato vadhu hovAthI e pradezamAM A samaya daramyAna khristI dharmanuM prasAraNa vadhu thayuM. I. sa. 1534 mAM damaNa ane I. sa. 1559 mAM dIvano kabajo pigIe lIdho enI sAthe gujarAtamAM paNa khristI dharmane praveza thaye. dakSiNa bhAratanA pradezonI sarakhAmaNIe gujarAtamAM khristI dharmane praveza ghaNo moDe thayo che. mughalakAla daramyAna akabara ane jahAMgIra dvArA traNa jeTalAM pharamAna khristAonA lAbhArthe bahAra pADavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. 9 prathama pharamAna akabaranA rAjyanA 4ra mA varSa(1596-97)nuM che. A pharamAna khaMbhAtanA khristIo mATe devaLa bAMdhavA devAnI jesuITa sosAyaTIne chUTa ApavAnI vAta kare che. bIju pharamAna jahAMgIranA rAjyanA sAtamA varSa (I. sa. 1612)nuM che, je porTugIne amadAvAdamAM devaLa bAMdhavAnI chUTa Ape che. A pharamAnamAM adhikArIone sUcanA ApavAmAM AvI hatI ke teo porTugIne emanuM pUjAgraha bAMdhavA de ane emAM kazI paNa dakhala thavA na da. trIjuM pharamAna jahAMgIranA rAjyanA dasamA varSa( I. sa. 1615)nuM che A pharamAnane viSaya judo che. aMgrejoe amadAvAdanA jhaverIvADanA mahallAmAM AveluM pAdarIonuM makAna paravAnagI vinA kabaje karyuM hatuM, AthI bAdazAhe A pharamAna dvArA tyAMnA mughala adhikArIone sUcanA ApI. hatI ke aMgrejone bIje kyAMka samAvyA pachI ane teo makAna khAlI kare e pachI ene kabaje pAdarIone ApavAmAM Ave. A traNa pharamAna mughala kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM prasarelA khristI dharma para prakAza pheMke che. che. jahona phrAnsisa gemilI nAmane ITAlIne eka musAphara I. sa. 1695 daramyAna gujarAtamAM Avyo hato, te pitAnI noMdhamAM lakhe che ke "A zahera( damaNa)mAM "jenyuITa" ane "gasTiniyansa' nAmaka be khristI paMthanAM devaLa hatAM ane A baMne saMpradAyanA pAdarI ahIM rahetA hatA.* marAThA kALa daramyAna paNa dIva ane damaNanA pradeza porTugIjhanI sattA heThaLa ja hatA. A ja samaya daramyAna aMgrejonA AgamananA kAraNe surata,

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10 muM ] dharma-saMpradAya [ 331. bharUca ane vaDodarAnA prAMtamAM khristI dharmanI zarUAta thaI hatI. gujarAtanA rAjakAraNamAM aMgrejo jema jema pitAnI sattA jamAvatA gayA tema tema ahIM khristI dharmanA prasAraNane pIThabaLa maLavA lAgyuM. A samaya daramyAna aMgrejoe marAThAo pAsethI surata ane bharUca meLavyAM, tethI khristI dharmanA prasArane tyAM vyApaka vega maLe. gujarAtamAM marAThA kAla daramyAna khristI dharmane je aMkura phUTayo temAM e dhamanI (1) romana kethelika ane (2) preTesTaMTa baMne zAkhAone . baLa maLyuM. romana kethalika saMpradAya porTugIjha remana kethelika saMpradAyanA anuyAyI hatA tethI emanI sattA! nIcenAM dIva ane damaNamAM rAmana kethalika saMpradAya vi . A baMne sthaLoe Dominikana saMdhanA sAdhu dharmakArya karatA hatA.41 A baMne sthaLee porTugIjha dvArA khristI dharmano je prasAra thayo te vizenI jhAjhI. mAhitI maLI zakatI nathI, paraMtu anya prAMtamAM emaNe je rIte dharmaprasAraNanuM kArya karyuM haze tevuM ja ahIM paNa karyuM hoya. vidharmIo pratye emaNe kaDaka valaNa lIdhuM hatuM, jyAre khristI dharma aMgIkAra karanAra pratye teo aneka kRpAdAna varasAvatA hatA; jemake, hiMduo mATe emaNe sakhata kAyadA ghaDayA hatA. hiMdu deva-devIonI mUrtio bhAMgI nAkhavAnAM kukama karyA hatAM. evI mUtionArane mATe sakhata zikSAnI jogavAI hatI. karmakAMDa karavA para pratibaMdha mUkavAmAM AvyA hatA. karmakAMDa karanArane zikSA thatI. je hiMduo. khristI thAya ane je teo daridra hoya te teone 15 varSa sudhI dareka jAtanA . karanI mAphI ApelI hatI. khristI dharmanI viruddha cAlanArane govAmAM cAlatI. Inphavijhizana samakSa mokalavAmAM AvatA. A Inphavijhizana gAvAmAM I. sa... 1774 sudhI cAlI hatI. pharI I. sa. 1778 mAM e karavAmAM AvI hatI ane I. sa. 1812 mAM pharI enuM kAma baMdha thaI gayuM hatuM 42 je hiMduo khristI dharma aMgIkAra karatA temane emanAM lekagIta: gAvAnI manAI hatI, puruSone dhotI ane strIone coLI paheravAnI paNa manAI karavAmAM AvatI hatI. bhAta mIThA (lavaNa) vinAno rAMdhI zakAte nahi. dareka gherathI tulasInA choDa ukheDI nAkhavAmAM AvatA. darekane porTugIjha nAma: ApavAmAM AvatuM. teo mAnatA hatA ke lokomAM piTugIjha bhASAnuM prasAraNa

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: ra ] marAThA kAla [pra. thAya te ja khristI dharma paNa prasare. tethI A pradezamAM emanI bhASAnA prasAraNanuM kArya paNa emaNe karyuM. e mATe emaNe ahIMnI prAdezika bhASAmAM lakhAyelAM ghaNAM pustaka bALI nAkhyAM. vaTalAyelA khristIo ke bina-khristIo jeo piTugIjha bhASA bolI jANatA na hoya teonAM lagna para pratibaMdha mUkyo hato. khristIo brAhmaNa ane kSatriyone porTugIjha bhASAnI parIkSA pAsa karavA cha mAsano, jyAre bIjAone eka varSane samaya ApavAmAM Avo hato. je koIne khristI sAdhanI dIkSA levAnI hoya teNe porTugIjha bhASAnI parIkSA pAsa karavI anivArya hatI, eTaluM ja nahi paNuM enI sAthe . enA gharanA sarva sabhyoe paNa e bhASA zIkhavI paDatI.43 damaNa ane dIva uparAMta surata ane bharUca paNa A samaya daramyAna romana kethelikonAM keMdra hatAM. aMgrejoe I. sa. 1759 mAM suratane ane I. sa. 1772 mAM bharUcane kabajo meLavyo. Ama A baMne sthaLoe aMgrejonI sattA sthApita thatAM e pradezamAM paNa khristI dharmanAM pagaraNa maMDAyAM. A baMne sthaLoe zarUAtamAM romana kethalika maMDaLIonA sAdhu dharma pracAranuM kArya karatA hatA, jyAre pAchaLathI suratamAM preTesTaMTa saMpradAyanI maMDaLIoe paNa suvArtA( Gospel)nA pracAranuM kArya AvyuM hatuM. ane surata suratamAM romana kethalika saMpradAyanA prasAranuM kArya A saMpradAyanA kepucIna saMghanA ane kAme lAITa saMdhanA sAdhuoe karyuM hatuM. I. sa. 640 thI suratamAM kepucIna sAdhuo dharmakArya karatA hatA, I. sa. 1664 mAM teoe - tyAM eka deva paNa bAMdhyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1664 mAM jyAre marAThAoe surata para AkramaNa karyuM tyAre tyAMnA khristIone rakSaNa maLe e mATe phAdhara Akhusa ke je tyAMnA khristI maTha(convent)nA adhyakSa hatA, temaNe zivAjInI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. pariNAme A romana kethalika mA humalArahita rahyo * hato ane je keIe emAM Azare lIdhe hatA te sau koI marAThI AkramaNathI bacI javA pAmyA hatA.44 I. sa. 1668mAM kAme lAITa saMghane papane pratinidhi (vicarApostolic) surata Avyo hato. I.sa. 1758 mAM jyAre aMgrejoe suratanA killAne kabajo meLavyo tyAre kArTelAITa saMghanA sAdhuoe killAnI sAthe saMkaLAyelA sarakArI karmacArIo mATe jillAne aDIne ja e devaLa bAMdhavuM

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10 muM ] dhama-saMpradAya [ ? zarU karyuM hatuM. surata muMbaInA ArcaDAyosisa sAthe saMkaLAyeluM hatuM. tethI muMbaImAMnA pApanA pratinidhie e pachI maMjUrI mATe rAma patra pAThavyo. propegenDA ekepa I. sa. 176 4 mAM ene uttara pAThavyuM ke teo eTale ke kArTelAITa saMghanA sAdhuo kepucIna saMghanA sAdhuo sAthe athaDAmaNamAM Ave nahi e zarate tyAM dharmakArya karI zakAze. A parathI anumAna thAya che ke e samaye khristI dharma prasAranA kAryamAM judAM judAM saMghanA sAdhuo vacce tIvra 2pardhAo thatI haze, jene pariNAme teone ekabIjA sAthe athaDAmaNamAM paNa UtaravuM ke haze. Ama A samaye suratamAM romana kethalika saMpradAyanA . kepucIna ane kArTelAITa saMghanA sAdhuo dharmakArya karatA hatA ane A baMne saoNe potapotAnAM devaLa anukrame 1654 ane 1759 mAM baMdhAvyAM hatAM. bharUca I. sa. 1772 mAM aMgrejoe bharUca zaherane kabajo meLavyo ane pachI tyAMnA keTalAka lokoe khristI dharma aMgIkAra karyo. bharUcamAMnA A khristIene dharma bAbatamAM madadarUpa thavA mATe bharUcamAM eka dhamAkedra zarU karavAnI paravAnagI meLavavA mATe pepanA pratinidhie rAmanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. 13 mI me 1778 nA roja "propegenDA e jaNAvyuM ke teo tyAMnA navA khristIone badhI ja rIte madada kare ane tyAM dharmakendra zarU karavA mATe IsTa InDiyA kaMpanI athavA te tyAMnA kethelikone devaLa mATe makAna Ape ke devaLa : bAMdhavA mATenAM sAdhana pUrAM pADe Ama bharUcane dhamakeMdra tarIke zarU karavAnI kAryavAhI thaI rahI hatI, paNa tyAM A AkhuM kArya thaMbhI gayuM, kAraNa ke aMgrejoe bharUca zahera marAThAone pAchuM soMpI dIdhuM. pAchaLathI I.sa. 1803 nI , vasaInI saMdhi pramANe pharI bharUca aMgreja sattAnI heThaLa AvyuM. I.sa. 1802 mAM pipanA pratinidhie bharUca khAte dharmo tara kArya mATe eka sAdhu mekalavA. rAmane jaNAvyuM. eNe gAvAnA Aca-bizapane paNa jaNAvyuM ke gujaHrAtamAM dharma taranI pravRtti thaI zake ema che, tethI koI ekAda sAdhu madadamAM mekale. propegenDA' taraphathI phrI mereliyo raTebalinI nAmanA kArmelAITa saMdhanA. sAdhune I. sa. 1808mAM bharUca ane vaDodarA baMne sthaLoe dharmakArya mATe. mokalavAmAM AvyA. I. sa. 1814mAM pipanA pratinidhie bharUca ane, vaDodarAnI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI ane e ja varSe bharUcamAM "ArogyanI ApaNI : mAtA "(Our Lady of Health)nuM devaLa bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM.

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[ >> a3] marAThA kAla - vaDedarA A samaya daramyAna vaDAdarAmAM paNa romana kethelika saMpradAyano vikAsa zarU thayo hato. I. sa. 1807 mAM phAdhara A eje dvArA nAnuM khAnagI devaLa (chapel) zarU karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1816 mAM ra6 mI sapTembare gAyakavADa sarakAra taraphathI devaLa bAMdhavA mATe jamIna arpaNa karavAmAM AvI hatI. thoDA vakhatamAM e jamIna para devaLa ane pAdarInuM makAna bAMdhavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. keTesTanTa saMpradAya marAThAkAlIna gujarAtamAM zamana kethelika saMpradAyanI sAthe sAthe preTesTanTa saMpradAyane paNa praveza thayo hate. A saMpradAyanI "Arbhiniyana mizana" ane "laMDana mizanarI sesAyaTI" nAmanI be maMDaLIoe gujarAtamAM pitAnuM kArya zarU karyuM hatuM. Armeniyana mizana taraphathI I. sa. 1812 mAM sI. sI. AtunA nAme eka mizanarI Avyo, jo ke eNe suratamAM mizananI sthApanA na karatAM vaDedarA jaIne mahI kAMThA mizananI sthApanA karI. tyAM eNe nava varSa sudhI rahIne suvArtA prasAravAnuM kArya karyuM. laMDana mizanarI sosAyaTI dvArA reva. viliyama phAIvI ane jemsa skInara I. sa. 1815 mAM surata khAte AvyA. temaNe tyAM suvArtA prasAraNanuM kArya karyuM hatuM. bAIbalanuM bhASAMtara proTesTanTa saMpradAyanA praNetA mArTina lyutharanI dRDha mAnyatA hatI ke bAIbalanuM vAcana prAdezika bhASAmAM ja thavuM joIe, tethI peTesTanTa mizanarI jyAM jyAM gayA tyAM tyAM emaNe dharma-prasAranA kAryamAM prathama sthAna bAIbalanA bhASAMtarane ApyuM. gujarAtImAM bAIbalanA bhASAMtaranA zarUAtanA prayatna A samaye thayA. e daSTie A kAlanI ghaNuM mahattA che. gujarAtI bAIbalanuM bhASAMtara karavAne sau prathama prayatna 18 mI sadInI zarUAtamAM reva. zujha nAmanA mizanarIe karyo hate.48 e pachI viliyama karIe I.sa. 1809 mAM hiMdu paMDitanI madadathI bAIbalanuM bhASAMtara karavAnuM zarU karyuM. ane e ja varSamAM bhAththInI suvArtA gujarAtImAM chapAI hatI kharI, paraMtu e pachI I. sa. 1813 sudhI e kAma aTakI gayuM. chevaTe che sa. 1820mAM "na karAra " ( New Testament) navIna baMdobasta nAme - gujarAtI bhASA ane devanAgarI lipimAM pAMca bhAgamAM chapAIne bahAra paDyo.

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10 muM ] dharma-saMpradAya [335 pazcima hiMdamAM mizanarI sesAyaTInA muMbaI khAtenA prathama mizanarI jaunanuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara karyuM. laMDana mizanarI sesAyaTI taraphathI AvelA reva. jemsa radInara ane reva. viliyama phAIvIe paNa gujarAtI anuvAdanI zarUAta karI.51 emaNe kaI munazInI madada laIne I. sa. 1817 mAM hiMdI parathI mUsAnAM pAMca pustaka temaja na karAra anudita kya. pAdaTIpa 1. kizoralAla mazarUvALA, sahajAnaMda svAmI athavA svAminArAyaNa saMpradAya', pR.6-7 2. ejana. pu. 16 thI AgaLa; durgAzaMkara zAstrI, "vaiSNava dharmane saMkSipta itihAsa', pR. 414-17 che. mazarUvALA, uparyukta, pR. 84-85 4. ejana, pR. 53 5. ejana, pR. 33-34 1. enAM keTalAMka udAharaNa mATe juo ejana, pR. 35-37. 17. ejana, pR. 47. surata ane AsapAsanA pradezamAM e kAle-pravartatI arAjakatA dUra karI vyavasthA sthApavAmAM aradezaranuM pradAna bahu mahatvanuM hatuM. I. sa. 18rapa (saM. 1881)mAM sahajAnaMdajI surata AvyA ane zahera bahAra rustama bAgamAM mukAma karyo tyAre aradezare emanuM bhAre dabadabAthI svAgata karyuM. enuM varNana sahajAnaMdajInA ziSya svAmI niSkuLAnaMde "bhaktaciMtAmaNi" kAvyamAM karyuM che. svAmI sahajAnaMde potAnI pAghaDI aradezaranA mAthe mUkI enuM saMmAna karyuM hatuM. aradezaranA putra jahAMgIrazAhanA sasarAnA kuTuMbanA vaMzajoe A pAghaDI sAcavI rAkhI che ane dara varSe bhAIbIjanA divase, brAhmaNa pAse pUjA karAvI e pAghaDI jAhera darzana mATe khullI mUkavAmAM Ave che. trIseka varSa pahelAM A lekhake paNa suratamAM pAghadarzananA e meLAmAM hAjarI ApI hatI. " rAsamALA" lakhanAra e. ke. phebsa sAthe dalapatarAma I. sa. 1841 mAM A pAghanAM darzana mATe AvyA tyAre kavie aradezarane nIcenA chaMdamAM smaraNAMkita karyo hato - " padatrANa diye prabhu pUjana ke jaba bhrAta kI bhakti bhalI lagiyAM, hanumaMta ku telakadI dInI jaba sIya kI zudha lInI bagiyAM, mahetA narasa ku hAra diye, jaba jIbha meM bhakti bhalI lagiyAM, aradezara ku dalapatta kahe, paramezvara rIjhI dInI padhiyAM', (ratana mArzala, "aradezara koTavAla', pR. 64-65) aradezara koTavAla e jamAnAno eka udAra paragaju ane parAkramazIla nara-vizeSa hato. aradezaranA jIvana mATe tathA e samayanA tathA enI pUrvenA yugacitra mATe mArzalanuM pustaka vAcanayogya che. 8. mazarUvALA, uparyukta, pR. 47 9. ejana, pR. 59 10. "gujarAtI sAhityane ItihAsa , bhAga 2, pR. 628-42

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376 ] [31. 11. jaina gujarAtI kRtionI yathAzakaya tapasIla mATe jue ejana, pR. 592-608. 11. kAvyatattva vicAra, pR. 285 12. durgAzaMkara zAstrI, * aitihAsika sa'zAdhana ', pR. 657 13. ejana, pR. 615 14. ejana, pR. 581. bhAratanI svAta Mtrya-prApti pachI sAmanAthanu navuM bhavya maMdira baMdhAyuM yAra pahelAM cAtrALuo ahalyAbAInA A maMdiramAM pUjAvidhi karatA hatA. e madiranI AsapAsa dhama zALA nagArakhAnAM vagere gAyakavADanA sUbA viThThalarAva devAjIe I. sa. 1910 mAM baMdhAvyAM hatAM ( za'bhuprasAda dezAI, saurASTranA itihAsa ', pR. 656 ). " 15. durgAza kara zAstrI, upayu kta, pR. 589 16. utsadinAe Asa joDI e kuMDanuM pANI khAlI karAvIne bhAvikAne zeSazAyInAM mazaThA kAla darzana karAvAya che. amadAvAdanA berezaneTa cInubhAI mAdhavalAlanA pitAmaha cheTAlAlanAM mAtuzrI prANakuMvara I. sa. 1799(sa. 1855 )mAM ahIM satI thayAM hAvAnA zilAlekha che. satInI daherIneA jIrNoddhAra sara cInubhAIe I. sa. 1896 ( sa. 1952)mAM karAvyA hatA. sara cInubhAinu kuTuMba mULa pATaNanu hatu. ane e emanI bakSIgIrInuM vatana hatuM. emanuM paitRka makAna pATaNamAM saMdhavInA pADAmAM che. ( mahAdeva mukuMda jozI, pATaNanA bheAmiyA', pR. 80-81) 17-18. IzvaralAla desAI, ' sUrata seAnAnI mUrata', pR. 334 19, gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ihitAsa '. graMtha 6, pR. 392, pAdaTIpa 37 20. meAhanalAla desAI, jaina sAhityane saMkSipta itihAsa ', pR. kaeN73, glAsanApa, 'jaina dharmAM', pR. 363 " 21. durgAzaMkara zAstrI, uparyuMkta, pR 187-88 22. meAhanalAla desAI, uparyu'kta, pR. 673 24. IzvaralAla desAI, uparyukta, pR. 115 23. ejana, pR. 671 25. gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa ', graMtha 6, pR. 377 26. ana'tarAya rAvaLa, ' gujarAtI sAhitya' (madhyakAlIna), bhAga 1, pR. 24 27. Qeyamuddin Ahmad, The Wahabi Movement in India, p. 1 28. humA cUsta eTale sarvezvaravAda. 29. karIma maha`mada mAstara, - mahAgujarAtanA musalamAnA '. bhA, 1-2, pR. 170 30. S. C. Misra, Muslim Communities in Gujarat, p. 41 31. karIma mahaMmada mAstara, uparyukta, pR. 166 32. ma. e. paTela, ' pArasI prakAza ', pR. 82 33. makAhI pIlAM bhIkhA, pArasI sAhityane itihAsa ', pR. 151 34. ejana, pR. 156 35. perIna dArAM DrAivara, 8 sattaramA zatakamAM pArasI kaviee racelI gujarAtI kavitA" (apragaTa mahAnibaMdha ), pR. 83-84 36. makAhI pIlAM bhIkhAjI, uparyukta pR. 156 "

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10 muM] dharmasaMpradAya 37. 37. perIna dArAM DrAIvara, uparyukta, pR. 83 36. R. C. Majumdar (ed.), Age of Imperial Unity, pp. 628 f. 36. M. S. Commissariat, Imperial Mughal Farmans In Gujarat, pp. 22 f. 40. maNilAla dvivedI, purAtana dakSiNa gujarAta', pR. 169 87. K. N. Subrahmanyam, The Catholic Community In India, p. 33 42. lAjarasa tejapALa, 'gujarAtamAM khristI maMDaLIno itihAsa', pR. 458 83. Manilal C. Parekh, Christian Proselytism In India, p. 50 44. E. R. Hull, Bombay Mission History, Vol. I, p. 21. 45. "propegaDA e I. sa. darara mAM popa gregarI 15 mAe sthApelI samiti che ane e videzomAM thatA khristI dharma pracAranuM saMcAlana ane niyaMtraNa kare che. 46. lAjarasa tejapALa, uparyukta, pR. 6 47. ejana. pR. 9 48. reva. jayAnaMda AI. cauhAna, "gujarAtI bAIbalane TUMka ItihAsa', pR. 6 50-51. ejana, pR. 7 I-7-22

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khaMDa 4 purAtattva prakaraNa 11 sthApatya ane zilpa 1, sthApatya A nAnA kAlakhaMDamAM paNa nAgarika ane dhArmika e baMne prakAranAM sthApatyakSetramAM keTalIka gaNanApAtra pravRtti thatI rahI. nAgarika sthApatya A kAlamAM vaDodarA bhAvanagara khaMbhAta surata naDiyAda kaDI amarelI vagere zaherone vikAsa thato rahyo. amadAvAdamAM marAThA amaladAre paikInA keTalAka lAMca laIne rastAo para paNa makAna bAMdhavAnI chUTa ApatA hovAthI ghaNI jagyAe lekoe makAne bAMdhI rastAo dabAvyA. pariNAme mukhya rastAo ane zerIonA rastAo vaccenuM agAunuM samAyojana vIMkhAI gayuM. paisA paDAvavA mATe zrImaMta leka para game tyAre tavAI Ave evI paristhiti pravartatI hovAthI ghaNI piLAmAM UMcA majabUta daravAjA karI enA para cokIdAra rAkhavAnI vyavasthA karavAmAM AvI. navAM vikaselAM zaheramAM naDiyAda noMdhapAtra che. khaMDerAva gAyakavADe naDiyAdane rAjadhAnI banAvI tyArabAda enI nagararacanAne vikAsa thayo. I.sa. 1813 mAM e traNa mAIla(5 ki.mI.)ne gherAvo dharAvatuM zahera banI gayuM hatuM. zaherane pharate pAke koTa hatuM ane emAM thoDA thoDA aMtare buraja karelA hatA. keTamAM nava majabUta daravAjA hatA. keTane pharatI khAI karavAmAM AvI hatI. kacchamAM jamAdAra phatehamAmade vAgaDamAM bAdaragaDha ane phatehagaDha nAmanA killA sarahada sAcavavA mATe karAvelA. evI rIte eNe kacchanA pazcima cheDe lakhapatane gaDha karAvela. enA killAnI rAMganI racanA viziSTa che.

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11 muM ], sthApatya ane zilpa [ 339 makAnanAM bAMdhakAma ane sajAvaTamAM agAunI paddhati cAlu rahI. mukhyatve e ITa mATI ane cUnAnA caNatarathI banatAM. emAM bArI daravAjA bArasAkha staMbhe pATaDA chajA jharUkhA madala vageremAM kASThano prayoga thato. kASThakAmamAM paNa pUtaLIo ane phUlavelanI bhAtonuM rUpAMkana karavAmAM AvatuM. A samaye - navAM baMdhAyelAM bhavano paikI ghaNAM nAza pAmI gayelAM che ane keTalAMka khaMDera hAlatamAM UbhAM che. AmAM kaDI naDiyAda thAmaNa ane aMjAranAM bhavana nedhapAtra che. bAbIo pAsethI kaDI jItI lIdhA pachI gAyakavADee emAMnAM ghaNAM bhavanamAM sudhArA vadhArA karAvyA. AmAM mahArarAve karAvelAM bAMdhakAma mukhya che. jUnA killAnI aMdara ra gamahela ane sUpaDA mahelanAM khaMDera jovAmAM Ave che. raMgamahela malhArarAve baMdhAvyAnuM kahevAya che, paNa enI racanAmAM muslima - to vizeSa hovAthI e bAbI imArata hovAnuM vadhu saMbhavita manAya che." enI bAjumAM sUpaDA mahela AveluM che. ene 1902 thI jelamAM pheravI nAkhavAmAM Avyo che. malhArarAve pitAnA mATe karAvelA bhavya mahelanAM khaMDera kaDI zaheranI madhyamAM jovAmAM Ave che. enI racanAmAM hiMdu ane muslima sthApatya zilIne samazya daSTigocara thAya che (juo AkRti 13). naDiyAdamAM majamUdAranI piLamAM AvelA prasiddha nAraNadevanA maMdiranI bAjumAM " kahAnadAsa paTelanuM dIvAnakhAnuM " nAme oLakhAtuM DaheluM AveluM che. kahAnadAsanA prapitAmaha harakhajI paTelanI ahIM cha mALa UMcI bhavya - havelI hatI. e bheMyarAbaMdha havelInuM kASThakAma manohara hatuM. marAThA kAlamAM e jAhojalAlInI Toce hatI. Aje emAMnuM kaMI bacyuM nathI.' thAmaNAmAM A kAlanA prAraMbha vakhate baMdhAyelI davejInI havelI gujarAtabharamAM enI jAhojalAlIne laIne prasiddha hatI. gaMgAdAjI mAhezavarajI nAmanA kheDAvALa brAhmaNe baMdhAvelI ane emanA vaMzajoe samarAlI e havelImAM sAmasAme cha-cha oraDAnI hAravALI kula 12 oraDAnI hAra hatI. emAM parasALa rasoDuM pANiyA, devamaMdiranI oraDI, cekaDI meDI meDo mALakhaMDa dIvAnakhAnuM chajA agAsIo daravAje TAMkuM kUI DaTaNa tuLasIjyAre haja kuvAre vagere anekavidha sagavaDa hatI. I. sa. 1818 mAM aMjAra(kaccha)mAM kacchanA paliTikala ejanTa mekamarpoe baMdhAvela pitAno baMgale eka namUnedAra videzI ImArata che.

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C[ .. 340 ] marAThA kAla mekarDoe A baMgale pitAnA vatana DImAMnA pitAnA baMgalAnI anukRti rU5 banAvyo hato. be mALanI A ImAratamAM aMdaranA khaMDenI AgaLa pharatI saLaMga parasALa karavAmAM AvelI che. nIcenA madhya khaMDanI cAre bAjunI dIvAla para rAmAyaNa bhAgavatAdinA viyone lagatAM dazyo uparAMta hasitayuddha mRgayA tagerenAM daya cItarelAM che. baMgalAnI hadamAM davAkhAnuM barAka bArudakhAnuM silekhAnuM jela ane pAyagA karelAM che. baMgalAnuM pravezadvAra enI najIkathI pasAra thatA rastA para paDe che. pravezadvAranI aMdara pesatAM ja barAkanI saMmukha uttAkAra beThakavALA ceharA para madhyamAM khaDA karelA staMbha para yuniyana jaika laherAto hate. staMbha nIcenI beThaka para besIne mekamanDe nyAya Apato. 10 suratamAM I. sa. 1781 mAM bakSI mIra najamuddIne dariyA mahela baMdhAvyo hato. e mahela mULa murzida nigAha nAme oLakhAto hato.' A samaye keTalAMka jaLAzayone jIrNoddhAra thayo, jyAre keTalAMka navAM paNa baMdhAyAM. pATaNamAM trIkama bAroTanI vAva tarIke hAlamAM oLakhAtI vAva AnaMdarAva gAyakavADanA samayamAM inAmadAra bAroTa bahAdarasiMga janakaraNasiMge I. sa. 1806 mAM baMdhAvavI zarU karelI, je enA putra rU. 14,925 kharcAne I. sa. 1812 mAM pUrI karAvelI. A vAvanA bAMdhakAmamAM rANIvAvanA paththara vaparAyA hovAnuM jaNAya che. A vAva pAMca majalAnI che, emAMnA be majalA ITonA ane traNa paththaranA bAMdhelA che. 12 sojitrA(tA. peTalAda )mAM megarALa bhAgoLe AveluM megarALa taLAva I. sa. 17para mAM khodAvavAmAM AveluM, jyAre enI bAjune kuMDa I. sa. 1760 mAM samAvavAmAM Avaze. 13 naDiyAdamAM nAraNadevanuM maMdira karAvatI vakhate jarUrI ITo paDAvavA mATe khadAvI tyAre paDelA moTA khADAne pALa bAMdhI levAmAM AvatAM je taLAva racAyuM te taLAva e maMdira bAMdhanArAM ratana zeThANInA nAma parathI "ratane taLAva" nAmathI oLakhAyuM. 14 beTa dvAramAM pUrva dizAmAM AveluM damAjI sarovara(je hAla raNachoDara nAme oLakhAya che te)ne Are vi. saM. 1862(I.sa. 1806) mAM baMdhAyo hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. 15 5 e sao suratamAM keTalAka navA bAga baMdhAyA. viliyama enDa prAIsa I. sa. 17 mAM baMdhAvele bAga agAunA badhA bAga karatAM caDiyA RE

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-11 muM ] sthApatya ane zilpa [ 341 hato. e pachI katAragAmanI bhAgaLa bahAra I. sa. 1775 mAM navAba hAphIjhuddIne "alAbAga" karAvyuM, te sarvazreSTha che. eno vistAra karavA mATe AjubAjunAM makAna ukhADI nAkhavAne laIne leke ene "allAbAga" ne badale "julamIbAga" kahetA. emAM cIna IrAna ane yuropathI ropA magAvI ropAvyA hatA. emAM kalamo karavAne laIne eka choDanI dareka DALa para judI judI jAta ane raMganAM phUla AvatAM. 17 pachInA varSo mullAM phakhraddIne suratathI traNa kaza dUra bhaTAramAM eka bAga karAvyo hato.18 pATaNamAM koThI kuI daravAjA pAse keTanI aMdaranA bhAgamAM Avele bagIce damAjIrAve karAvyo hato. 19 dhArmika sthApatya (a) hiMdu A samaye aneka navAM maMdira kuMDa ane anya dhArmika bAMdhakAma thatAM rahyAM tenI sAthe keTalAMka jUnAM jIrNoddhAra paNa pAmyAM. iMdoranAM mahArANI ahalyAbAI, pATaNa-vaDodarAnA damAjIrAva gAyakavADa ane vaDodarAnA pharosiMharAva gAyakavADa tathA gAyakavADI sarasUbA bAbAjI ApAjI, pezavAnA zarApha gopALa jaganAtha tAMbekara vageree karAvelAM bAMdhakAma gujarAtanA madirasthApatyamAM viziSTa bhAta pADe che. maMdiranI racanA para emaNe dakSiNa bhAratanAM maMdiromAMthI mukhyatve be tatva grahaNa karyA : (1) talamAnamAM devanA vAhana ke dAsa mATe alaga maMDapa karavo ane UrdhvamAnamAM maMdiranA zikharane pirAmiDane ghATa Apo. vaDodarA ThAkora sArasA pATaNa amadAvAda vagere sthAnee AvelAM maMdira A bAbatanAM sUcaka che. AthI A samayanA zivAlayamAM naMdi-maMDapa, viSNumaMdiramAM garuDa-maMDapa ane rAmamaMdiramAM hanumAna maMDapa ghaNuM karIne alaga karelA daSTigocara thAya che. marAThAoe baMdhAvelAM maMdira sivAyanAM anya maMdira mukhyatve gujarAtamAM selaMkIkAlathI susthApita thayelI uttara bhAratIya nAgara zailI anusAra talamAnamAM tArAkAra ane Urdhva mAnamAM rekhAvita zikhara-paddhati pramANe banelAM che. zatruMjaya supeDI jaDezvara surata vagere sthaLoe AvelAM maMdira A svarUpanAM che. vaiSNava maMdiramAM zikhara karavAno cAla nahi hovAthI A kAlamAM paNa e maMdira havelI svarUpe baMdhAyAM hatAM.

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342] marAThA kAla [ pra.. maLI AvatA chUTAchavAyA uTale parathI A kAlanAM maMdira vize. keTalIka mAhitI A pramANe tAravI zakAya che H suratamAM rahiyA senInA cekamAM (hAla lAlageTa pAse) AveluM bAlAjI maMdira 19mI sadInA pahelA dAyakAmAM baMdhAyeluM suprasiddha bhavya mahAmaMdira che. enA prAkAramAM zikharabaMdhI cAra maMdira eka haroLamAM UbhelAM najare paDe che. emAM DAbI bAjuthI letAM paheluM jagannAthajInuM, bIjuM bAlAjInuM (AkRti 14), trIjuM kRSNAjunezvara mahAdevanuM ane cothuM naMdakezvara mahAdevanuM che. A cAreya maMdira UMcA pITha para bAMdhelAM che ane cAra pagathiyAM caDavAthI enA maMDapamAM dAkhala thavAya che. A maMdira mukha-cokI ke zaNagAra-cakI dharAvatAM nathI. emAM garbhagRha ane enI saMmukha maMDapanI racanA karelI che. aMtarAlamAM karelA gavAkSomAM ArasanAM vividha zilpa mUkelAM che. A maMdire paikInAM prathama traNa suratanA zAha sodAgara zrI kRSNajI ajunajI travADIe I.sa. 1803, mAM rUpiyA traNa lAkhanA kharce baMdhAvyAM hatAM. cothuM maMdira I. sa. 1888 mAM zrI naMdazaMkara lAbhazaMkare baMdhAvI kRSNArpaNa karyuM hatuM. A maMdire uparAMta gopIparAmAM AveluM rAmajI maMdira ane puSTimArganuM lAlajI mahArAjanuM maMdira paNa A samaye baMdhAyelAM. lAlajI mahArAjanuM I. sa. 1770 mAM baMdhAyeluM maMdira I. sa. 1837 nI meTI AgamAM baLIne khAkha thaI gayuM hatuM. 22 narmadA para A kAlamAM cANodamAM mahArarAva gAyakavADe ane garuDezvara khAte mahArANI ahalyAbAIe bhavya ghATa baMdhAvyA. 23 bharUcamAM I. sa. 1783 mAM bhRgubhAskarezvara nAmanuM navuM maMdira baMdhAyuM. e devAlaya siMdhiyAnA bhAskararAva nAmanA sUbAnI sahAyathI bhArgava brAhmaNoe baMdhAvyuM hatuM. emAM bhAgonI kuLadevI bhAgasuMdarInI mUrtine bhRguRSinA. derAmAMthI ahIM ANane eka gekhamAM padharAvelI che. 24 vaDodarAmAM A samaye viThThalamaMdira, bahucara mAtAnuM maMdira, khaMDebAnuM maMdira, gaNapati maMdira, nIlaka Dezvara mahAdeva, yavatezvara maMdira vagere baMdhAyAM. mAMDavI pAse cAMpAnera mArga para AveluM viThThala maMdira vaDedarAnAM rAjamAtA gehanAbAIe I. sa. 1809 mAM baMdhAvyuM hatuM. 25 A maMdira pazcimAbhimukha che. maMdira prAkArabaMdha che. traNa zikharayukta garbhagRha, lAMbe maMDapa, maMDapamAM lAkaDAnA suzobhita staMbhane praga, garbhagRhane pharate pradakSiNApatha, garbha..

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[343 11 muM !. sthApatya ane zilpa gRhamAM praveza-bhAga paranAM citra vagere A maMdiranI vizeSatA che. bahucarA mAtAnuM maMdira amadAvAdanA jagA puruSottama luhAre I.sa. 1786 mAM karAveluM. kArelI bAga pAse Avela A maMdira paNa prakArabaMdha che. maMdira pazcimAbhimukha che. enI eka bAju hanumaMtezvara mahAdeva ane bIjI bAju baTuka bhairavanuM maMdira che. maMdira para sapATa chAvaNa che. emAM mAtAjInA yaMtranI pUjA thAya che. madanajhAMpAthI makarapurAne raste jatAM jamaNI bAju para mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanI bAjumAM khaMDebAnuM maMdira AveluM che. jejUrI (mahArASTra) mAM Avela khaMDerAya(khaMDobA) marAThAonA iSTadeva gaNAya che. yezubAI nAmanI bhAvika kanyAne AvelA svapnane AdhAre khaMDebAnI mUti khodI kADhI enI sthApanA mATe gAyakavADa sarakAra taraphathI A maMdira karavAmAM AveluM. pAchaLathI emAM khaMDobAnI navI mUrti sthApavAmAM AvI hatI. maMdiramAM yezubAInI mUti paNa che. 27 A maMdira paNa vizALa prAkAra dharAve che. maMdira pUrvAbhimukha che. maMdiranA garbhagRhamAM zivaliMganAM darzana thAya che. maMDapanA ghUmaTamAM aMdaranA bhAgamAM kRSNalIlA ane paurANika danAM citra che. bhImanAtha mahAdevanI jagAmAM AveluM gaNapati maMdira gopALarAva marALe 18 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM baMdhAveluM che. 28 bAbAjI ApAjIe vaDodarAmAM bAbAjIpurA vasAvyuM te pahelAM e tyAMnA prasiddha mahAdevanA nAma parathI nIlakaMThapurA kahevAtuM hatuM. bAbAjIe e maMdirane sthAne rUA. 12,532 khacI navuM devAlaya karAvyuM.29 dAMDiyA bajAramAM AveluM A prAkArabaMdha maMdira garbha gRha ane lAMbA maMDapa dharAve che. garbhagRha para eka UMce ane cAra nIcA evA pAMca ghUmaTa karelA che. maMdiranI cekI paranA sapATa chAvaNane lAkaDAnA staMbha TekavI rahyA che. garbhagRhamAM ArasanI jaLAdhArImAM zyAma paththaranuM liMga sthApeluM che. garbhagRhanI pAchalI dIvAlamAM gaNapati mahezvara ane lakSmInAM mUrtAizi85 mUkelAM che. A maMdiramAM naMdimaMDapa chUTo karela che. dIvAna rAvajI ApAjIe pitAnA pUrvajonA mULa vatana satArAnI pAse AvelA suprasiddha yavatezvara mahAdevane sthAna parathI ahIM e nAmanuM zivAlaya karAveluM, je Aje paNa vizvAmitrIne kAMThe jovAmAM Ave che. 3* jela roDa para AveluM A maMdira pUrvAbhimukha che. A prakArabaMdha mahAmaMdiramAM naMdimaMDapa chUTo che ane e moTA kadanuM naMdi-zilpa dharAve che. maMdira UMcA pITha para bAMdheluM che. talamAnamAM garbhagRha aMtarAla maMDapa ane traNa bAju ardhamaMDapa(ekIo)nI racanA che. emanA para nAgara zailIe rekhAnvita zikhara ane saMvaraNA karelAM

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344 ] . marAThA kAla [ma. che. maMdiranuM suzobhana gujarAtamAM pracalita paraMparAgata zailIe thayuM che. e marAThAoe karelAM pirAmiDa ghATanAM zikharavALAM maMdiromAM judI bhAta paDe che. maMdiranAM pITha ane maMDevara para vividha mUtizilpa kaMDAya che. cekamAM moTe dIpastaMbha kare che. A khaMbhAtamAM A samaye prakhyAta kavi prItamadAse I.sa. 1761 mAM eka maMdira baMdheluM te rAjapUtavADAmAM khArI kuI pAse AveluM che ane Aje "mathurAdAsabAvAnuM maMdira " nAme oLakhAya che31 mAdaLA taLAva pAse AveluM raNachoDajInuM prasiddha maMdira I. sa. 1772mAM baMdhAyuM hatuM. AmAM trivikramajI, zeSazAyI viSNu ane bIjI aneka pratimAo najare paDe che.32 cokamAM AveluM "kabIra maMdira " I.sa. 1801 mAM baMdhAyeluM che.33 khaMbhAtamAM puSTimArgane vyApaka prasAra thatAM keTalAMka navAM havelI-maMdira baMdhAyAM. e paikI gokuLanA zrI rAmakRSNa mahArAje I. sa. 1813mAM baMdhAveluM navanItapriyAjInuM maMdira prakhyAta che. A maMdira kapAsI piLamAM AveluM che. 34 umareThamAM I.sa. 1766 mAM gAmanA paMce verAI mAtAnuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM. malAva taLAvanI pALa para bhaTTavALI poLamAM rahetA paMDayA premAnaMde I.sa. 1769 mAM guru dattAtreyanuM maMdira karAvI emAM dattAtreyanAM pagalAM ane mati besADavAM.35 malAva taLAvathI dakSiNa dizAe ratanapurA javAnA raste AveluM badarInAtha mahAdevanuM sthAnaka I. sa. 1778mAM baMdhAyeluM che. A zikharabaMdhI maMdirane pharate prakAra che. emAM zivanI traNa mukhavALI mUti ane zivaliMga sthApela che. gAmanuM rakhavALuM karatAM hariyALa rAjapUta vAsaNa mArujI nAmanA jAgIradAra I. sa. 1797mAM kAma AvatAM emanI pAchaLa emanI strI dariyAbA satI thaI. e jagA para emanA vaMzajoe meTIpI5LInI bAjumAM cetare karAvI satInI derI caNAvI. A jagA "dariyAbAnI pIpaLa" nAme oLakhAya che.37 sojitrA(tA. peTalAda)nuM kAmanAtha mahAdevanuM maMdira I. sa. 1769 mAM baMdhAyuM che. 38 A samaye naDiyAdamAM aneka imArata baMdhAyelI, e paikInI meTA bhAganI nAza pAmI che. kaDInA mahArarAva gAyakavADanI pAyagA mahAraparAmAM bismAra hAlatamAM jovAmAM Ave che. mahArarAve I. sa. 1802mAM nAraNadeva maMdirane pAye nAkhyA pachI emane thaDA vakhatamAM naDiyAdamAMthI bhAgavuM

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11 muM ] sthApatya ane zilpa [ 345 paDeluM hovAthI e devAlayanuM bAMdhakAma adhUruM rahyuM, je vaDodarAnA haribhakti kuTuMbanAM ratana zeThANIe I. sa. 1807mAM pUruM karAvyuM. nAraNadevanuM maMdira majamudAranI piLamAM AveluM che. 39 DAkaranuM suprasiddha raNachoDajInuM maMdira A samayamAM baMdhAyuM. sthAnika anuzruti anusAra raNachoDajInI mUrti bhakta boDANo I. sa. 1155mAM DAkara lAvela, paraMtu e pa69 varSa sudhI pratiSThA vagara rahI hatI. I.sa. 1725 mAM lakSmIjInuM maMdira baMdhAtAM emAM enI sarva prathama sthApanA thaI. tyAra bAda hAlanuM bhavya maMdira I. sa. 1772 mAM pezavAnA zarApha satArAnA gopALa jagannAtha tAMbekare baMdhAvyuM, tyAre vi.sa. 1828 nA mahA vadi 5 ne budhavAre emAM e mUrtinI pratiSThA thaI.4deg A maMli pazcimAbhimukha che. maMdira vizALa cekamAM madhyamAM UbheluM che. enA ravezayukta prAkAramAM praveza mATe * bhavya balAnaka kareluM che. UMcI pITha para Avela maMdira talamAnamAM garbhagRha, aMtarAla, maMDapa ane traNa bAju cekIo dharAve che. pAchalI bAjue garbha gRhamAM javAnI bArI karelI che, jyAMthI aMdara jaI mUrtinI pUjA, caraNasparza vagere thaI zake che.41 garbhagRhamAM viSNunI trivikrama(raNachoDajI )nI, zyAmazilAmAMthI kaMDArelI manohara bhAvapUrNa mUti sthApelI che. maMdiranA UdhvamAnamAM dakSiNa bhAratIya maMdira paddhatinI sAthe muslima sthApatyane samanvaya najare paDe che. 42 garbhagRha para madhyamAM UMcA pirAmiDa ghATanuM pAMca majalA * UMcuM zikhara e ja ghATanuM kareluM che. traNeya zikhara para rekhAvita adha. goLAkAra Amalaka ane zikharanA cAra khUNe cAra minArAonI racanA karela che. A minArA muslima prabhAvanA sUcaka che. maMDapa ane cekIo vALA bhAga para agAzI karI emAM nIcenA talamAnane anurUpa saMvaraNa karI che, je sAdA ghUmaTa prakAranI che (juo AkRti 15). kheDA jillAnA ANaMda tAlukAmAM AvelA sArasA(khaMbhoLaja )nuM sata-kevaLanuM maMdira uparyukta raNachoDarAyanuM maMdira bAMdhanAra sthapatie bAMdheluM che ne e talamAna ane UrdhvamAnamAM ene AbehUba maLatuM Ave che (juo AkRti 16). khIjalapura( tA. ThAsarA )mAM I. sa. 176 3 thI 1766nA gALAmAM baMdhAyeluM caturbhujarAya mahArAjanuM maMdira zAstrIya paddhatie baMdhAyeluM eka namUnedAra maMdira che. prAkArabaMdha maMdirane eka nAnuM ane eka moTuM evAM

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346 ] bharADA kAla [... e zikhara che. gabha gRhamAM caturbhuja viSNunI trivikrama svarUpanI maneAhara mUrti sthApelI che. emAM bAjumAM lakSmIjI ane cAra pAMdo ( AyudhapuruSa !),. temaja garuDanI UbhI AkRti kaiMDArI che. mukhya mUrtinI ceApAsa dazAvatAra mUrti e kaMDArI che, maMdiranA maMDapanA aMdaranA ghUmaTamAM karelAM citra jhAMkhAM paDI gayAM che.44 amadAvAdamAM bhadranA killA sara thayA pachI marAThAonI kedravatI sattA sthapAtAM killAmAM aneka devAlaya baMdhAyAM. marAThAkAlamAM gaNezabArIthI cheka viThThala maMdira ane AjanA homagArDsa pareDa grAunDa sudhI eka saLaMga raste jatA hatA, je lAla daravAjA sAthe saMkaLAyelA hatA. A rastA para baMne bAju sAmasAme maMdira AvelAM hatAM. pAchaLathI madizanI AsapAsa evI rIte bAMdhakAma thaI gayAM ke jethI mULa rastA ghaNI jagAe khAI gayA. AthI Aje tyAM mULa AvA kAI raratA hatA evI kalpanA sudhdhAM paNa AvI zakatI nathI. A rastA para paoNMcamukhI mahAdeva, hanumAnajInuM maMdira, gaNapati maMdira rAmajI maMdira, badarInArAyaNanu madira, lakSmInArAyaNanuM maMdira, mAruti madira, kRSNa ma Mdira ane viThThala ma Mdira A kAlamAM baMdhAyelAM maMdira che.45 e paikI rAmajI maMdira, kRSNa madira ane viThThala maMdiramAM jUnA sthApatyanA ghaNA aMza jaLavAI rahyA che. rAmajI maMdira ga`gRha, raMgamAMDapa ane sanmukha chUTA hanumAna-maMDapa dharAve che. enA garbhagRha para zikhara nathI. gabhaoNMgRhanI kAi-kAtaraNInI jALIe Aje paNa jaLavAyelI che. maMDapa ghaNA lAMkhA che te enI lakhacArasa chata ta bharahita TekavAyelI che, garbhagRhamAM bhadrapITha para rAma lakSmaNa ane jAnakInI UbhI mUrtie sthApelI che. maMDapanI madhyamAM devatA saMmukha eka phuvAre karela che. e paNa mULa madiranI racanA samayane che. hanumAna-maMDapanI padmAkAra chata para nAnA dhUmaTa karelo che. maDapamAM dAsa-svarUpe namaskAra mudrAmAM UbhelA hanumAnajInI bhAvavAhI mUti che. A madiranu alAnaka ' rAma-mArI ' tarIke prasiddha che. tyAM nadInA paTamAM UtaravAnAM pagathiyAM che. 46 kRSNa madira bhavistAranuM suprasiddha maMdira che (AkRti 17). emAM mane hara ke|taraNIyukta alAnakamAM thaI prAkArabaddha maMdiramAM dAkhala thatAM vacce khulle ceka Ave che. cekanI madhyamAM maMdira UbhuM che. madira enA talamAnamAM garbhagRha aMtarAla maMDapa tathA zaNagAra cokI ane UmAnamAM pI DAvara ane zikhara dharAve che. zikhara pirAmiDa ghATanuM traNa chAgho dharAvatu. kaLazayukta che. garbhagRhanI aMdara gaI sadImAM ghaDAyelI zrIkRSNanI mUrtinAM dana. ' -

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11 muM ] sthApatya ane zilpa [347 thAya che. maMDapa paranuM chAvaNa kupRSThAkAra che ne varasAdanuM pANI nIce UtarI javA mATe baMne lAMbI bAju para nIce UtaratI nAnI nAnI nALanI karelI racanA. daSTigocara thAya che. maMDapanI aMdaranI chata sapATa che tene kASThakataraNathI maDhI dIdhela che. maMdiramAM pravezadvAra upara gaNeza, aMtarAlamAM kAcabAnI AkRti. ane uttara dIvAlamAMnI gemukhanI racanA parathI A maMdira mUlataH zivAlaya. hevAnuM ane pAchaLathI kRSNAlayamAM rUpAMtarita thayeluM hovAnuM jaNAya che. maMdiranI saMmukha garuDa-maMDapa chUTo kare che. maMdiranA cekamAM eka nAnuM alaga zivAlaya kareluM che. A zivAlaya kevaLa garbhagRha dharAve che. enI. saMmukha moTA kadano naMdi khulAmAM mUkele che, je mULa zivAlayano hovAnI saMbhAvanA che. 47 viThThala maMdira myunisipala snAnAgaranI uttare AveluM che. A maMdira I. sa. 1768 mAM gosvAmI yAdava bAvA bhAgavate baMdhAveluM che. racanA para A zikhara-rahita maMdira rAmajI maMdira sAthe sAmya dharAve che. emAM garbhagRha, raMgamaMDapa ane chUTa garuDa-maMDapa kare che. garbhagRhanI kASThanI mULa jALI Aje paNa akabaMdha jaLavAyelI jovA maLe che. garbhagRhamAM sevya. pratimA tarIke yugala svarUpa viThebA ane rukamAI(viThThalanAthajI ane phimaNuM -- nI UbhI mUrtio sthApelI che. maMdirane lAMbe maMDapa jIrNa thaI gayo che. raMgamaMDapa ane derI svarUpanA garuDa-maMDapanI vacce eka nAnA nIcA maMDapamAM nAnAM nAnAM saMkhyAbaMdha zivaliMga sthApelAM che.48 amadAvAda zaheramAM ane zahera bahAra A kALamAM aneka maMdira baMdhAyAM. emAMnAM ghaNAM sudhArAvadhArA ane jIrNatAne laIne pitAnuM mULa svarUpa gumAvI beThAM che. UbhelAM maMdire paikI khADiyA geTathI bAlA hanumAna javAnA rastA para amRtalAlanI piLa sAme AveluM visanagarA nAgaronA hATakezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira (AkRti 18) noMdhapAtra che. A maMdira enA baMdhAvanAranA. nAma parathI amRtalAla tulajArAma mahAdevanA nAme oLakhAya che. maMdira marAThA kAlanuM paraMparAgata selaMkIkAlIna sthApatya zailInA namUnArUpa che. maMdira pUrvAbhimukha che. emAM talamAnamAM garbhagRha, aMtarAla, maMDapa tathA maMDapamAMthI traNa bAju babbe staMbha vadhArIne zaNagArakIonI racanA karI che. Urva.. mAnamAM A maMdira UMcI pITha, maDavara ane rekhAnvita zikhara dharAve che. maMdiranA garbhagRhamAM madhyamAM zivaliMga sthApeluM che. pAchaLanA gavAkSamAM pArvatInI caturbhuja mUrti che. garbhagRhanuM aMdaranuM ghUmaTakAra vitAna bhaumitika AkRtiothI sajAvela che. aMtarAlamAM DAbI bAjunA gavAkSamAM gaNezanI mUrti

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348 ]. marAThA kAla [ pra. che. umAmahezvaranI mUrtimAM vizeSatA e che ke zivanA DAbA khoLAmAM pArvatI ane jamaNuM khoLAmAM bAlagaNeza beThelA che (juo AkRti 32). raMgamaMDapa 12 staMbhothI yukta che. tenA ghUmaTAkAra vitAnamAM vacce jhUmara laTakatuM hoya tevI rItanI manahara racanA karI che. ene pharatI eka kRSNa ane 15 gopIonI tribhaMgayukta pUtaLIonI goThavaNa karI che. cokIonA chaye staMbhe upara babbe maLIne nRtyavAghamAM rata evI bAra apsarAonA mUrtizilpa mUkelAM che. zaNagArakIonA pravezo upara IlikA-taraNanI racanA manahara che. maMdira prAkArabaMdha che ane enA prakAranI aMdaranI ravezamAM bAMdhakAma karI levAmAM AvyuM che. maMdiranA pravezadvAra pAse prAkAramAM DAbe khUNe bahucarA mAtAnuM maMdira kareluM che. uttara gujarAtamAM pATaNamAM dAmAjIrAvanA bagIcAmAM AvelI emanI chataraDI, phatehasiMharAva gAyakavADe jIrNoddhAra karAvela brahmakuMDa ane bIjAM keTalAMka devAlaya seMdhapAtra che. damAjIrAvanA bagIcAnI barAbara madhyamAM emanI chataraDI Avela che. paththarathI bAMdhelI chataraDImAM Arasane chuTathI upayoga thayo che. emAM vaparAyelA ghaNuM paththara jatA pATaNanA koI maMdiranA hovAnuM jaNAya che. 49 chataraDIne garbhagRha para dakSiNI prakAranuM pirAmiDa ghATanuM zikhara kireluM che, jyAre maMDapa ane zaNagArakIo paranI saMvaraNa uttarabhAratIya zailIe ghumaTa ghATanI karI che (juo AkRti 19 ). mAtaravADI najIka jALezvara mahAdevanA rastA para brAhmaNanA zmazAna pAsenA hariharezvara mahAdevanA sthAnaka pAse Avela prAcIna kuMDa "brahmakuMDa nAme oLakhAya che. eno jIrNoddhAra phatehasiMharAva gAyakavADe I. sa. 1784 mAM karAvyo tyAre e kuMDamAM aneka navI mUrtio besADelI. emAM pANI nAce rAkhelI zeSazAyI viSNunI mUti AkarSaka che. A uparAMta khAnasarovarane pUrva cheDe AveluM damAjIrAve I. sa. 1766-67 mAM baMdhAveluM zivAlaya ane kaThI kaImAM dAkhala thatAM jamaNI bAju AvelI dhaDanAthanI jagAmAMthI oghaDabAvA ane sAdhvI gaMgA mAtAnI samAdhi-derIo A samayanAM che.para amadAvAdanA baeNneTa sara cInubhAI mAdhavalAlanA kuTuMbamAM thayela prANa kuMvara nAmanAM sAdhvI bAI pitAnA pati mahetA udayazaMkara maMgaLajI pAchaLa I. sa. 1799 mAM satI thatAM emanI mRtimAM pAchaLathI derI karavAmAM AvelI, je Aje uparyukta brahmakuMDanA kinArA pAse daSTigocara thAya che.pa3 pATaNa pAse bhUtiyAvAsaNuM gAme AveluM bhUtezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira A

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11 su' ] sthApatya ane zilpa ( 349 kAlanuM che. ma Mdirane bhavya ane ala kRta daravAjo enI zAbhAmAM vadhAro kare che (juo AkRti 20 ). - 54 kaDImAM yuvatezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira, rAdhAkRSNa maMdira ane hAlanI mAmalatadAranI kacerI traNeya imArata A krAlatA gAyakavADI prabhAva dharAve che. yavatezvara maMdira dIvAna bAbAjInA putre baMdhAvelu hatu. emAM dakSiNa bhAratanAM zivAlayAmAM jovA maLe che tema nAMde-maMDapa ragama DapathI chUTe! karelA che.pa siddhapuramAM sarasvatIne sAme kAMThe AvelA maTha IMderanAM mahArANI alyAbAIe I.sa. 1795 mAM karAvyA hatA. dIvAna bAbAjIe 19 mI sadInA prAraMbhamAM ahIM sindezvara, gAviMda mahAdeva ane nIlakae mahAdeva nAme traNa madira karAvelAM. AmAM siddhezvaranu maMdira nadItaTa para AveluM prakhyAta maMdira che. UMcA prAkAranI madhyamAM zikharabaMdha bhavya maMdira Ubhelu che. prAkAranI nadI taraphanI dIvAla ghaNI majabUta banAvavAmAM AvI che.55 bahucarAjI(ji. mahesANA )mAM mAtAnuM navuM devAlaya damAjIrAva gAyakavADanA nAnA kumAra mAnAjIrAve savata 1839( I. sa. 1983)mAM baMdhAvelu ane devAlayane pharatA keTa karI najIkamAM mAnasAvara nAmanA kuMDa karAvelA. A devAlaya paththaranu jUnI bAMdhaNI paddhatinuM garbhagRha gUDhamaMDapa ane sabhAma`DapathI yukta che. gUDhamaMDapa karatAM bahAranA sabhAmaMDapa moTA kadane che.pa6 saurASTramAM A samaye prabhAsa dvArakA amarelI eTa-za MkhAdAra jUnAgaDha supeDI jaDezvara vagere sthaLoe baMdhAyelAM maMdira nedhapAtra che. prabhAsa pATaNamAM se:manAthanuM maMdira vAr`vAra bhagna thayuM hovAthI ane eneA ghaNA bhAga nAza pAmyA hAvAthI ene! jIrNoddhAra niraka lAgatAM maMdAranAM mahArANI ahalyAbAIe vi. saM. 1839( I. sa. 1783 )mAM e kha`DerathI thADe dUra navuM maMdira ba MdhAvyuM.pa7 A mATe sAMkaDyezvaranA bhUgabha maMdiranA garbhagRhane yathAvat rahevA daI enA para zikharabaMdhI bhavya zivAlaya karAvyuM. AjhAdI bAda jUnA semanAtha maMdiranI jagyAe badhAyelA semanAthanA navA maMdiranA nirmANa pahelAM leAkeA A maMdiranA zivaliMganAM ja sAmanAtha tarIke darzana karatA. ahalyAbAInuM madira sAduM ane nAnu chatAM racanA paratve umadA che. kamaLanI pAMkhaDIothI vIMTaLAyela zikhara paththaramAMthI kArelA puSpa jevu lAge che58 (juo AkRti 21). I. sa. 1795 nA arasAmAM se|manAthanA dezAI umiyAza kare pezavAnA Adeza meLavI rU..

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:350 ] sarAmA kAla [ .. 6,200nA kharce rudrezvara, sugaMdira ane zazibhUSaNanAM madirAne chaNoddhAra karAvavAnI sAthe khIjAM aneka madizA udghAra karAvelA.pa9 dvArakAmAM I. sa. 1773 mAM IMdAranAM mahArANI ahalyAbAI hoLakare sAmanAthanu navu madira khaMdhAvyuM. ane e arasAmAM gAmatI parane ghATa * sudharAyeA. 1 amarelImAM gAyakavADanA kArDiyAvADanA sarasUkSmA viThThalarAva devAjIe aneka maMdira kacerI bajAra pANIne sAru nIka vagere sAnika kAma karAvyAM.11 emAM jAganAtha maMdira mukhya che, A madira I. sa. 1817 mAM baMdhAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A madiramAM bhIma agiyArasa, zItaLA sAtama ane gAkaLa Ame meATA meLA bharAya che.ka2 amarelInI najIka dAmanagara pAse Avelu kuMbhanAthanu madira paNa marAThAkAlanA aMta samayanuM prakhyAta ma Mdira che. 13 eTa za'khAddhAranA suprasiddha satyabhAmAjI maMdiranA adhipati haridAsa AvAe I. sa. 1783 mAM e maMdiramAM trivikrama maMdira umeyu` ane samagra madira vistArane pharatA prAkAra karAvyA. bAlamuku chanA maMdiranA adhipatie I. sa. 1794 mAM jA'dhruvatInI mUrti Du MgarapurathI ANI e ma MdiramAM sthApI tyArathI bAlamuku chunu maMdira 'jA bhuvatIjInuM maMdira ' tarIke oLakhAvA lAgyuM. 64 jUnAgaDhamAM paMcahATaDI pAse havelI galImAM Avela puSTimAgIya havelI madira vizALa ane bhavya che. e A mAdhavarAyajI maMdira I. sa. 1780 mAM jAmanagara havelInA gAsvAmI mahArAja gAvadha dezajInA lAlajI zrI mAdhavarAyajIe aMdhAvyuM hatuM. emAM zrI madanamehanalAlajInuM svarUpa padharAveluM. pAchaLathI I. sa. 1800 mAM emAM dAmodarajInuM svarUpa paNa padharAvavAmAM AvyuM.65 supeDI( ji. rAjakATa )mAM A kAlanAM be namUnedAra madira AvelAM che. AmAMnuM eka viSNunuM ane khIju zivanu che. sAmapurA salATAe baMdhAvelAM hAvAthI e salATI ke sthapationAM maMdira tarIke vizeSa jANItAM che. emanAM 'uttuMga zikhara uttara bhAratanI nAgara zailIne anurUpa, talamAnamAM tArAkAra ane ane UrdhvamAnamAM rekhAnvita che. pUrNa vikasita zikharanI tulanAmAM madiranA raMgamaMDapa paranI sAdI sAMvarA STine khU Mce tevI che ( juo AkRti 22).

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11 muM ] sthApatya ane zilpa [351 enI pITha ane maMDovara paranA badhA thara khUba vigatapUrNa zithI kaMDAryA che (AkRti 23) vAMkAnera pAse AveluM jaDezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira(ji. surendranagara ) A kAlamAM baMdhAyeluM che. * bhavya prAkAra vacce UbhelA maMdiramAM garbhagRha, maMDapa ane traNa bAju cokIo karela che. pITha ane maMDevaranA bhAga spaSTa karyA nathI, paNa zikhara ane saMvaraNavALA bhAga gujarAtanI paraMparAgata solaMkIkAlIna praziSTa paddhatine anurUpa che (juo AkRti ra4). prAkAranI aMdara vizALa bhejanazALAnuM Ayojana kareluM che. maMdiranI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM moTuM jaLAzaya che. aneka vAra jIrNoddhAra thavAne laIne maMdiranA svarUpamAM ThIka ThI pheraphAra thayA che. pALiyAda(tA. beTAda)nuM zivamaMdira A samayamAM baMdhAyela che. karachamAM I. sa. 1819 mAM thayelA moTA dharatIkaMpamAM e vakhate UbhelI ghaNI prAcIna arvAcIna imArate nAza pAmI. A mahAvinAzamAMthI bhUjamAM AvelI lakhapatajInI chataraDI bacI gaI che. alabatta, enI uttara taraphanI vIthikAno kamAnano bhAga hAlI gayo che. A chataraDI (A.25) eka vizALa ane bhavya smAraka gaNAya che. e vi. saM. 1838 (I.sa. 1782)mAM kacchanA mahArAva zrI rAyadhaNajIe 37,000 kerInA khace baMdhAvI hatI. kacchanA rAjavI lakhapatajInA svargavAsa(I. sa. 1760) bAda emanI sAthe 15 strIoe agnisnAna karyuM tenA smArakarUpe A chataraDInI racanA thaI che. A chataraDI paththarathI bAMdhelI che. UMcI pITha para pharatI vIthikA rAkhIne madhyamAM meTe khaMDa dharAvatI A imAratamAM pUrva dizAmAM pravezadvAra kareluM che. meTA khaMDanI madhyamAM karelI pALiyAonI hAramAM barAbara madhyamAM rAva lAkhAjInA ghaDesavAra pALiyAnI jamaNI bAju ATha ane DAbI bAju sAta satIonA pALiyA che. pravezadvAra pAse uttara ane dakSiNe chaDIdAranA meTAM zilpa karelAM che. emanA para bhogAsanonAM be zilpa najare paDe che. madhya khaMDanA bAra staMbhe paikI eka bAjunA cha upara taMbUra vINA mRdaMga dilarUbA suMdarI ane jhAMjha vagADatI strIo ane bIjI bAju nAgakanyA tathA bIjI pAMca nartakIenAM zilpa che. vIthikAnA sataMbhanI zirAvatI ane mo para vAdyakAro vagerenAM manohara zilpa daSTigocara thAya che. vIthikAnI dIvAla dazAvatAranA keTalAka avatAra, gaNapati temaja strI-puruSanAM zilpAthI khacita che. AmAM naiRtya khUNAmAM AveluM bajANiyAnuM zilpa cittAkarSaka che. chataraDInA

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52 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. madhya khaMDanI upara nIcA ghATane kaLayukta ghUmaTa karyo che, jyAre vIthikAmAM prakSepa kADhIne pratyeka bAju cAra mukhya ane pratyeka khUNAmAM cha maLIne kule 28 prakSepa racyA che ane enA upara UMdhA kaTorA ghATanA nAnA ghUmaTa kaMDAryA che. vIthikAnA badhA staMbha paraspara kAMgarIdAra kamAna vaDe saMkaLAyelA che. prakSepayukta vIthikAnuM mayakhaMDa sAthe samAjane sarasa rIte saMdhAyeluM hovAthI tema suMdara sajAvaTane laIne jenArane A chataraDI mugdha banAve evI che. 68 (A) jaina A kAlamAM se jeTalAM navAM jinamaMdira baMdhAyAM ane ghaNAM jINuMdvAra pAmyAM. amadAvAdamAM zeThanA pADAmAMnuM zItalanAthanuM ane vAghaNapoLa(jhaverIvADa)mAMnAM ajitanAtha ane zAMtinAthanAM derAsara, sejitrAnuM samaDI cakalAmAMnuM mahAvIra svAmInuM derAsara, aNag( ji. vaDodarA)nuM bajAramAMnuM pArzvanAthanuM, mIyAgAma(karajaNa)nuM bAbu bajAra mAMnuM zAMtinAthanuM, sinora(tA. ji. vaDodarA)nA zrAvakavADAmAMnuM sumatinAthanuM tathA chIpAvADamAMnuM vAsupUjya svAmInuM, nikerA( tA. ji. vaDodarA) gAmamAMnuM AdinAthanuM, darApara(tA. ji. vaDodarA ) gAmamAMnuM sumatinAthanuM, keravADA(tA. ji. vaDedarA)nuM sanI phaLiyAmAM AveluM AdinAthanuM, bharUcamAMnuM zrImALI poLamAM AveluM zaMkhezvara pArzvanAthanuM, suratamAM gopIpurAmAMnuM mahAvIra svAmInuM, premacaMda rAyacaMdanI dharmazALAnI pAchaLa AveluM zItalanAthanuM, meTI poLamAMnuM vAsupUjya svAmInuM, osavAla malAmAMnuM caMdraprabhasvAmI ane zreyAMsanAthanuM, mALI phaLiyAmAMnuM mANekacaMda DAhyAcaMdane tyAMnuM vimalanAthanuM (ghara derAsara), nAnI desAI piLamAMnuM suvidhinAthanuM ane nANAvaTamAM kANakacarAnI poLamAMnuM AdinAthanuM tathA ajitanAthanuM derAsara, valasADamAM zeTha phaLiyAmAMnuM mahAvIra svAmInuM, damaNa ( ji. surata)mAM vANiyAvADamAMnuM AdinAthanuM, pAlanapuranuM kamAlapurAmAMnuM saMbhavanAthanuM tathA premacaMda pArekhanA vAsamAMnuM AdinAthanuM, AseDA(tA. DIsA)nuM bajAramAMnuM AdinAthanuM, vAtama(tA. dIodara)nuM jUnA vAsamAMnuM AdinAthanuM, duA(tA. dhAnerA)nuM bajAramAM Avela kuM . nAthanuM tathA amIjharA pArzvanAthanuM, gheDIAla(tA. vaDagAma)nuM vANiyA zerImAMnuM pArzvanAthanuM, goLa (tA. vaDagAma)nuM vANiyA mahollAnuM mahAvIra svAmInuM, mamadapura(tA. vaDagAma)nuM bajAramAMnuM AdinAthanuM, bhAgaLa( tA. pAlanapura)nuM vANiyA vAsamAMnuM AdinAthanuM, tharA(tA. tharAda)nuM bajAramAM

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11 muM ] sthApatya ane zilpa [353 AveluM zAMtinAthanuM, nAyakA( tA. samI)nuM bajAramAMnuM zAMtinAthanuM, pATaNanI caudharI zerImAMnuM vimalanAthanuM (ghara derAsara), visanagaranuM kaDA daravAjA pAsenuM kalyANa pArzvanAthanuM, umatA(tA. visanagara) gAmamAM AveluM kuMthunAthanuM, guMja (tA. visanagara)nuM vANiyAna mADhamAMnuM zAMtinAthanuM, UMjhAmAM talATI mADhamAM AveluM zAMtinAthanuM (ghara derAsara), gAMbhu(tA. cANasmA)nuM gaMbhIrA pArzvanAthanuM, dhINoja(tA. cANasmA)nuM bajAramAM AveluM zItalanAthanuM, vIramagAmamAM saMghavI phaLiyAmAMnuM zAMtinAthanuM tathA ajitanAthanuM, dhAmA(tA. dasADA) gAmanuM zAMtinAthanuM, jainAbAda (tA. dasADA) gAmamAMnuM pArzvanAthanuM, evuM (tA. dasADA) gAmanuM zAMtinAthanuM, lADela(tA. vijApura)mAM bajAramAM AveluM pAranAthanuM, vAghapura(tA. prAMtIja)mAM vANiyAnA mahelAnuM ajitanAthanuM (ghara derAsara), DabhoDA(tA. gAMdhInagara)nuM vANiyAvAsamAMnuM ajitanAthanuM, ilela(tA. hiMmatanagara)mAM bajAramAM AvelAM kuMthunAtha tathA AdinAthanAM, hApA(tA. hiMmatanagara)nuM bajAramAM AveluM neminAthanuM, lAMghaNaja (tA. mahesANAmAM AveluM zAMtinAthanuM, samau(tA. vijApura)nuM bajAramAMnuM pArzvanAthanuM, vijApuramAM suthAravADAmAMnuM AdinAthanuM ane cethiyA keTamAMnuM zAMtinAthanuM, drA (tA. vijApura) gAmanuM abhinaMdasvAmInuM, pethApura (ji. gAMdhInagara)nuM bajAramAM AveluM suvidhinAthanuM (bAvana jinAlaya), caleDA (tA. dhoLakA)mAM pATIdAranA mahollAmAMnuM pArarvanAthanuM, pIpaLI (tA. dhaMdhukA) gAmanuM saMbhavanAthanuM, phedarA (tA. dhaMdhukA gAmanuM zItalanAthanuM, baravALA (tA. dhaMdhukA) gAmanuM pAprabhasvAmInuM, vAMkAneranA bajAramAMnuM ajitanAthanuM, morabImAM darabAragaDha pAsenuM dharmanAthanuM, gAMDaLamAM derA zerImAMnuM caMdraprabhasvAmInuM, jAmanagaramAM lAlabAga pAse DelI phaLiyAmAMnuM geDI pArzvanAtha nuM (ghara-derAsara), pAlItANAmAM zeTha ANaMdajI kalyANajInI peDhI pAsenuM AdinAthanuM, zihoranuM bajAramAM AveluM supArzvanAthanuM, bhAvanagaramAM vorA bajAramAMnuM goDI pArarvanAthanuM, amarelInI jUnI bajAramAM AveluM saMbhava nAthanuM, verAvaLanA bahAranA koTanuM ciMtAmaNi, pArzvanAthanuM, kacchamAM dareDI (tA. muMdrA)ne bajAramAMnuM pArvanAthanuM (ghara-derAsara), mAMDavI (tA. mAMDavI)nuM pATalA bajAramAMnuM dharmanAthanuM temaja AMbA bajAranI verA zerI pAse AveluM zAMtinAthanuM, bhUjamAM vANiyAvALI meTI DahelImAMnuM zAMtinAthanuM, dUdhaI(tA. aMjAra)nA bajAramAMnuM padmaprabhusvAmInuM, lAkaDiyA tA. bhacAu)nuM bajAramAMnuM I-7-23

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354 ] marAThA kAla [ , zAMtinAthanuM, AdhoI (tA. bhacAu)nuM ajitanAthanuM, ADesara(tA. rApara)nuM AdinAthanuM, tAraMgAnuM mULa derAsaranI pAchaLanuM kuMthunAthanuM, zatruMjaya para kharataravasahI TUka paranuM zAha hukamacaMda gaMgAdAsanuM maMdira, pAMca pAMDavonI TUka paranuM zAha khuzAladAsa DAhyAbhAInuM maMdira, medI premacaMda rAyacaMdanI TUka paranAM traNa mukhya maMdira, e Traka pAsenuM jhaverI ratanacaMda jhaveracaMdanuM maMdira ane enI sAmenuM premacaMda jhaveracaMdanuM maMdira, vimalavasahI TUka paranuM hIrAcaMda rAyakaraNanuM maMdira, bhulavaNI pAsenAM zAha kuMvarajI lAdhA, verA kesarisaMgha lAdhA, mANeka dayAcaMda bhayAcaMda vagerenAM maMdira A kAlamAM baMdhAyelAM che. A jinAlayo paikI keTalAMka ghara-derAsarane bAda karatAM meTA bhAganAM zikharabaMdha che. racanA para e garbhagRha maMDapa ane cakI dharAve che. keTalAMka moTAM maMdiromAM traNa garbhagRha ane kvacita pAMca garbhagRha karelAM che. maMDapane paNa kyAreka DhAMkIne gUDhamaMDapanuM svarUpa apAyuM che. meTA bhAganAM maMdiramAM maMDapamAMthI zaNagAra cokIo kADhelI che. A jinAlayomAM pratiSThita tIrtha. karenI pratimAo moTe bhAge saparikara paMcatIthI prakAranI che ane zAstrIya rIte ghaDAyelI e mUrtiomAM lAMchana, yakSa-yakSiNIo ane tIrthakaranI siddhio vagere darzAvela hoya che. A uparAMta bIjAM mUrtAizithI temaja bArIka kotaraNathI badhAM maMdira sajAvelAM che. A paikInAM keTalAMka neMdhapAtra che. zatruMjaya para amadAvAdanA medI premacaMda lavajInI Traka ane e paranAM traNa mukhya ane keTalAMka gauNa maMdira A kAlamAM banyAM che. emAMnuM madhyanuM maMdira 'ThIka ThIka meTuM che. maMdira pUrvAbhimukha che ane enI uttara ane dakSiNa bAjue zaNagAra cokIo kADhelI che. mukhya cokI para khaDA karelA dvArapALa lAkaDInA Teke govALanI chaTAthI UbhelA batAvyA che. maMdiranI bahAranI dIvAlanA lagabhaga ardha UMcA bhAge pharate eka zikSapadR Apyo che, jemAM gaNeza bhavAnI vagere hiMdu deva-devIonAM mUrtizilpa najare paDe che. mukhya maMDapa ane zaNagAra cokIo paranAM chAvaNa-saMvaraNa nIcA sAdA ghUmaTa prakAranAM che, jyAre garbhagRha para traNa zikhara karelAM che temAM madhyanuM UMcuM che. A maMdira modI premacaMde I.sa. 1786 mAM baMdhAveluM (juo AkRti 26 ). emAM mULanAyaka tarIke AdinAthanI bhavya pratimA pratiSThita che. uparAMta anya 110 jeTalI mUrti ona emAM darzana thAya che. enA pravezadvAranI uparanA bhAgamAM AveluM puMDarIka svAmInuM derAsara hemacaMda lAlacaMde I.sa. 1786 mAM baMdhAveluM.72 medI premacaMdanA maMdiranI DAbI bAjue uttara dizAmAM suratanA jhaverI

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11 muM) sthApatya ane zi95 [ 355 ratanacaMda jhaveracaMde I.sa. 1803 mAM baMdhAveluM ArasanuM bhavya maMdira AveluM - che. vAstuzAstranA siddhAMtane anusarIne baMdhAyela A maMdiranI keTalIka viziSTatAo khAsa noMdhapAtra che. talamAnamAM barAbara madhyamAM bAra biMduonA AyojanathI eka moTA laMbacerasa maMDapanI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. emAMnAM maLanAM cAra biMdu enI aMdara carasa banAve che. A goThavaNIne anurUpa staMbho ane ardha - staMbhonI racanA karelI che. A mathanA vizALa laMbacerasa maMDapanI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM garbhagRha kareluM che temAM vacce paththaranI paDadIothI traNa bhAga alaga karyA che. staMbha ane maMDapanI bAjuo vaccenI jagA maMdira baMdhAyA pachI caNI levAyAthI maMDapa gUDhamaMDa nuM svarUpa pAmyo che. pharasamAM kALA ane sapheda -ArasanuM samAyojana karyuM che. bahAranA ta bha bahukeNI che. enI UMcAInA upalA trIjA bhAgamAM ilikA taraNane ghATa racAya evA svarUpanAM madala goThavyAM che, AthI traNa garbhagRhanI saMmukha traNa teraNonI racanA thaI che. laMbacorasa maMDapanI madhyamAM racAyela corasa maMDapanI chata para eka sapATa chatavALA khaMDanI racanA karI che, jyAre traNeya garbhagRha para eka eka zikhara karela che? (juo AkRti 27 ). A maMdiranI sAmenA bhAgamAM uttara bAjue suratanA premacaMda jhaveraca de karAveluM maMdira racanA para uparyukta ratanacaMdanA maMdirane maLatuM AvatuM e ja samayanuM maMdira che; phera eTale che ke AmAM madhyano laMbacorasa maMDapa be bAjuthI khule rAkhela che. ratanacaMdanA maMdiranI pUrvamAM nAnAM nAnAM ATha madirAnI hAra che, A badhAM I.sa. 1803 mAM baMdhAyelAM cheu4 vimalavasahI TUka para damaNanA hIrAcaMda rAyakaraNe I.sa. 1803 mAM baMdhAvela madiramAM maMDapanI traNe bAju cekIo kADhelI che. racanA ke suzobhananI bAbatamAM A zAMtinAthaprAsAda koI khAsa vizeSatA dharAvatuM nathI.chapa A Traka upara bhulavaNInI pazcima bAjue AvelAM maMdiro paikI bhAvanagaranA zAha kuMvarajI lAdhAe I. sa. 1758 mAM baMdhAvela maMdira pAMca garbhagRha dharAvatuM moTuM sarasa maMdira che. enI lagolaga AveluM moTuM maMdira ajameranA motIcaMda zivacaMde I. sa. 1757 mAM baMdhAveluM che. enI samIpamAM suratanA verA kesarI saMgha lIdhAe I. sa. 1786 mAM baMdhAvela saMbhanAthaprAsAda AveluM che. enI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM AveluM nAnuM maMdira I.sa. 1803 mAM mANeka dayAcaMda bhayAcaMde baMdhAveluM che. e maMdiranI mukhakInAM suzobhana cittAkarSaka che.

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356 ] marAThA kAla [.. enI bAjumAM e arasAmAM mahesANAnA paTavA kapUramaMda rikhavadAse baMdhAvela ane padmaprabhusvAmIne arpaNa kareluM jinAlaya che.* suratamAM gopIpurAmAM AvelI meTI piLamAM vAsupUjyasvAmInuM bhavya derAsara che. A maMdira ratnasAgarajInA upadezathI saM. 1843(I.sa. 187)mAM sAkaracaMda lAlabhAIe baMdhAvyuM hatuM. cAra mALanA A dhAbAbaMdhI derAsaramAM nIcalA majale bhoMyarAmAM mULanAyaka zAMtinAtha bhagavAna che. upalA mALamAM caumukhajI che. vacce pArzvanAtha che. bIjI bAju samavasaraNanI suMdara racanA karelI che. garbhagRha vizALa che ane enI saMmukhane raMgamaMDapa paNa kotaraNIyukta che. A maMdiramAM pASANanI 89 ane dhAtunI 7ra pratimA che. 77 (I) islAmI A kAlamAM moTA bhAganI prAcIna majida namAjha mATe prayojAtI rahI ne keTalIka navI masjido paNa baMdhAI, paNa sthApatyanI dRSTie jUnI masjida jevI bhavyatA emAM varatAtI nathI; joke AmAM suratanA uparyukta dariyAmahelanI bAjumAM I.sa. 1791 mAM baMdhAyelI masjida viziSTa bhAta pADe che. 78 umareThamAM I.sa. 1792 mAM kAjI ajamuddIne prasiddha garuDa maMdira toDI ene sthAne masjida karAvelI. e masjida gAMdhIzerImAM AvelI che ane "phateha majida" nAme oLakhAya che.79 A samaye baMdhAyelAM daragAha ane rAjAo paikI suratanI pIra makkI zAhanI daragAha, kacchamAM pIra gulAmaalInI jagyAmAM AvelI daragAho, lakhapatananI lakhapatI pIranI ane pIra ghoSanI daragAhe tathA bhUjamAMne jamAdAra phateha, mAmane reje noMdhapAtra che. suratamAM A samaye makkIzAha nAmAMkita pIra thayA. emanuM I.sa. 1795 mAM avasAna thatAM emanI kabara para daragAha karavAmAM AvelI che. A daragAha aThavA roDa para aThavI daravAjA najIka AvelI che.80 kacchamAM kerAnA agnikhUNe pIra gulAmaalInI jagyA AvelI che. AmAM aneka ImArata che te paikI meTA koTa vacce AvelI gulAmaalInI daragAha mukhya che. e pUrvAbhimukha che. enA madhya bhAganI upara eka meTe ghUmaTa che, jayAre AgaLanA bhAgamAM traNa nAnA ghUmaTa karelA che. aMdaranA bhAgamAM 12 staMbha para mukhya dhUmaTanuM chAvaNa TevAyeluM che. enI nIce madhyamAM kabara che. daragAhanAM pravezadvAra pItaLanAM che. daragAhanI saMmukha eka maMDapa khaDe

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11 suM] sthApatya ane zilpa ( 357 karyAM che. enI pratyeka bAjumAM vIthikA kADhelI che. maMDapa paratuM chAvaNa sapATa che. bAjumAM AvelI dAdA alIzAhanI daragAhamAM phAnasa rAkhavAnA minArA karelA che. A imArata sAdI ane sapATa chatavALI che. enI AgaLa traNa ane pAchaLa e pravezadvAra karelAM che. enI chatane AkhA kha`Dane Avare evI moTI e kamAnA vaDe TekavelI che. A daragAhamAM koI kabara karelI nathI, kAraNa, pIranA dehane IrAnamAM daphanAvavAmAM AvyA hatA. baMne daragAheAnA daravAjAte bahAra nIkaLatAM DhaLatAM chAvaNa che, enA para phUlavelanAM maneAhara rUpAMkana che. bArIme sAdI che ane badhI cUnA dIdhelI che. A badhAM bhavana gulAmaalI zAha I.sa. 1792 mAM karAMcImAM avasAna pAmyA te pUrve A varSe badhAyelAM.8 1 lakhapatamAM lakhapatI pIranI daragAha82 ane pIra dhodhanI daragAha83 jANItI imAratA che. lakhapatI pIranI daragAhamAM madhyamAM UMce ghUmaTa ane ene pharatA A nAnA ghUmaTa karelA che (jue akRti 28). pratyeka bAjunI dIvAlamAM UcI kAMgarIdAra kamAna kADhI enI madhyamAM daravAjA karelA che, AthI kula 12 daravAjA banyA che. kamAnAnI zirekhA uparanA ghUmaTA paranA kaLazanI Toce jaIne maLe tevI rItanuM bAMdhakAmamAM samAyeAjana thayuM che. ghUmaTa para UbhI ane ArDI rekhAe vaDe nAnA corasa paDatA hoya tevu caNatara kareluM che. daragAhanI aMdaranI paththaranI jALIonuM rUpakAma suMdara che, pIra dhodha muhammadanI daragAha para eka UMcA a aMDAkAra ghUmaTa che. enA upara paNa UbhI ane ADI rekhAe vaDe nAnA corasa pADelA che. A daragAhanI jALIe paraMtu rUpakAma bhUjanA mughala kAlIna AyanA mahelanI jALIe sAthe sAmya dharAve che. bhUjamAM AvelA jamAdAra phateha mAmadanA rAjo (AkRti 29 ) U cA pITha para pUrvAbhimukha baMdhAyelA che. ene pharatA ceAka rAkhI vizALa kaTa karelA che. rAjAmAMnI daragAha eka mukhya khaMDa ane enI AgaLa cokI dharAve che. cokInI A racanA hiMdu madiranA prabhAvanI sUcaka che, mukhya khaMDamAM vacce paththaranA kaTheDA bharI laI enI aMdara traNa kabara uttara-dakSigu karelI che. vaccenI kabara phateha mAmadanI peAtAnI, enI pUrva bAjunI enI bIbInI ane pazcima bAjunI enA vaDA putra ibrAhImamiyAMnI che. kabAnI uparanA chAvaN para UMcA ane ceAkInA chAvaNa para nIce ghUmaTa karelA che. ghUmaTa adha aDA kAra che ane enI upara UbhI rekhAe upasAvI che. A sivAyanA bhAgAne sapATa dhAbA vaDe DhAMkelA che. dhAbAne krUratAM kAMgarAM karelAM che. khAMDanI cAre dIvAlomAM bahAranA bhAgamAM UMcA kamAnAkAra karI emAM suzeAbhanAtmaka gavAkSa

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358 ]. marAThA kAla [ , karelA che, je mughala paraMparAne anusaratA jaNAya che. samakAlIna marAThI mA. ratamAM najare paDe che tevI kAMgarI ahIM mukhya pravezadvAranI kamAnamAM paNa daSTigocara thAya che. daragAhanI bahAra ekane pharatA karelA koTamAM pazcima divAlamAM namAjha paDhavA mATe maherAba kare che. cekamAM daragAhanI uttare phateha mAmadanA bIjA putra husenamiyAMnI kaTheDAyukta ane naiRtya e miyAMnI bAbI koreja mAkabAInI kabara che. A bIbInI kabaranI bAjumAM brAhIma miyAMnI bIbI saMtA satAbAInI kabara che. uparAMta rojA mAM to pacI golaMdAja abdulahamIda habazI haidarAbAdanI tema jhArAkUmarAnA saiyada lakaranA saMyada abdulamiyAMnI paNa kabaro che.84 (I)khristI khristI dharmanA saMpradAyanAM devaLa A samaye baMdhAyAnA traNa seMdhapAtra ullekha maLe che. aMgrejoe suratano kile sara karyA pachI tyAM I.sa. 159 mAM kethalika saMpradAyanA kArmelA ITa saMghe navuM devaLa baMdhAvyuM hatuM.85 phiraMgIenuM mana kethalika devaLa I.sa. 1802 mAM suratamAM baMdhAyuM hatuM. A devaLa sonI phaLiyAmAM AveluM hatuM. A devaLane pAchaLathI Arya samAje kharIdI laI tyAM potAnuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM.-7 bharUcamAM I. sa. 1814 mAM "avaraleDI auka heltha" nAmanuM devaLa baMdhAyuM hatuM. 2, zilpa sahatanata kAla ane mughala kAlanI zi95kRtionA abhyAsa parathI joI zakAyuM ke e kAlamAM madhyakAlIna praziSTa kalA e ja kalAkAranuM preraNabiMdu rahyuM hatuM. e ja pUrNa mahAna kalA paraMparAne jALavI rAkhavA-ene punaHjIvita karavA maLottarakAlamAM paNa kalAkAroe aneka jAgrata prayAsa karyo, paraMtu eka kAlanI kalAne bIjA yugamAM punarjIvita karavAno prayAsa hamezAM niSphaLa gayo che.88 prAcIna smAraka paranI kalA joIne enI upara chalI vigatanuM bAhya anukaraNa karavAmAM emane jarUra saphaLatA maLI, paraMtu prAcIna kalAnA Atmatatvane ane enI cetanAne teo kadApi temanI kalAmAM utArI zakyA nahi. A kalAnI kakSA madhya kAlanAM aMtima tabakkAthI ja UtaratI cAlI hatI, AthI ja maLottara kAlamAM manuSya AkRtionA bhAvavihIna ane nirjIva zilpanuM khAsa karIne bIbAMDhALa dhAtu-zilpanuM bAhulya jovA maLe che. rAjakIya parivartanathI prabhAvita thayA vagara bhaugolika ane samayanI sImAone bhedIne

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15 muM ] sthApatya ane zi95 [359 gujarAtanI je zilpakalAe madhyakAlamAM prAcIna bhAratIya kalAnA ItihAsamAM pazcima bhAratIya zilpazailInuM 89 gauravapUrNa nAma prApta karyuM hatuM, e kalAnI garimA ane enuM lAlitya maLottara kAla daramyAna lupta thayelAM jaNAya che. bIjI bAju sthAnika paribaLenA prabhAvamAM AvIne e aneka peTA-zailIomAM vibhAjita thatI najare paDe che.* Ama chatAM mottara kAlanI gujarAtI kalA eka prAdezika kalA tarIke pitAnI AgavI pratibhA UbhI karI zakI che, eTaluM ja nahi, bhAratanA uttarakAlIna sAMskRtika ItihAsamAM paNa dakSiNa bhArata, baMgALa, rAjasthAna, paMjAba vagerenI prAdezika kalAnI jema gujarAtanI kalAe paNa tatkAlIna samAjajIvana, dhArmika paraMparA, veSabhUSA, rItarivAjo vagere lekajIvananAM vibhinna pAsAne abhivyakta karatI prAdezika kalA tarIke viziSTa sthAna prApta karyuM che.91 mAM samAjanA ucca-madhyamavarga ane samRddha vepArIvarga, jaina dharma vagereno phALe khAsa ullekhanIya che. puSTi saMpradAyanA phALAnI paNa upekSA thaI zake nahi. mughalakAlIna zilpakalAnAM viziSTa lakSaNa ghaNe aMze marAThA kAlanI zilpakRtiomAM paNa jovA maLe che, jenI vigatapUrNa carcA A graMthamALAnA graMtha 6 mAM karavAmAM AvI hoI enuM punarAvartana na karatAM A kAlanI zilpakalA paranA marAThI prabhAvane nirdeza karI enAM dRSTAMta rUpe keTalIka viziSTa zi95kRtionuM varNana karavuM ane ISTa mAnyuM che. gujarAtano marAThA kAla rAjakIya dRSTie Ama te aMdhAdhuMdhIne hatA, paraMtu marAThA hiMdu hoI gujarAtanI zilpakalAnA vikAsamAM emanI rAjakIya pravRtti bAdhArUpa banI nahi.7 marAThAone zarUAtamAM potAnI AgavI kalAtmaka saMskRti jevuM bahu ochuM hatuM, paraMtu marAThI zAsako, vepArIo, dakSiNa brAhmaNe vageree kalA mATenI samaja vikasAvI. dakSiNamAM vikaselAM marAThI prakAranAM maMdironuM sthApatya taddana sAduM hatuM, paraMtu emane gujarAta sAthe saMparka vadhatAM pezavAo ane mahArASTranA anya darabArIo dvArA nirmita mahele makAno ane maMdire vagerene suzobhita karavA gujarAtanA kArIgare dakSiNamAM puNe cAMdera nAsika nAgapura vagere sthaLoe javA lAgyA,64 AthI tyAMnAM zilpa-sthApatyamAM garbhagRhanI bArazAkha, pravezadvAranA dAra pALa-co padAra, maMdiranI chatamAM goThavavAmAM

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marAThA kAla [ pra. AvatI surasuMdarIo ane vAghadhAriNIo tathA anya madala-zivo vagere gujarAtI suzobhanazine svIkAra thayo.95 gujarAtI kalA paNa dakSiNanI asarathI mukta rahI zakI nahi. emAM khAsa karIne pipAkanuM nAvInya nedhapAtra che. marAThI paddhatie kacheTa mArIne ke dakSiNI Dhabe paherelI sADI(navavArI)yukta devIpratimAo, marAThI DhabanI pAghaDIvALA gAyakavADI darabAranA padAra jevA jAjaramAna lAgatA dvArapALanAM zipa temaja dakSiNa cakarIdAra pAghaDI paherelA darabArI paricArakanAM zilpa A kAlanAM maMdiramAM moTA pramANamAM jovA maLe che. kyAMka mughala gAjhI TopI ke pAghaDI, kAMgarAnI bhAtavALA mukuTa, kuratA-pAyajAmA ke lAMbA skarTa vagere pizAka paNa jovA maLe che. A zipa para vastrAlaMkAra vagerene anurUpa raMgakAma paNa thatuM.96 pratimAnA dehasauSThava pratyeno khyAla paNa jude hate. madhyakAlamAM uttara bhAratIya ane gujarAtI paraMparAmAM pAtaLA ane nAjuka dehanuM zilpa-racanAmAM prAdhAnya rahetuM ne e zilpa pramANasara ghaDavAmAM AvatAM, jyAre marAThAoe majabUta bhAre bAMdhAne AdarzarUpa svIkAryo7 hoI anya marAThI pradezanI jema A kAlanAM gujarAtanAM zi95 paNa evAM jevAM maLe che. dakSiNanI vadhatI jatI asara sAthe dhIme dhIme mughala zailInI asara ghaTavA lAgI. A samayanuM gRhasthApatya ane enAM suzobhana-zilpa saMtoSakAraka hatAM.8 upara joyuM tema marAThA kAlamAM kASThakalAkArIgarImAM ghaNuM parivartana AvyuM. agAunA tabakakA-mughalakAla-nuM kotarakAma khUba bArIka, UMDuM, svaccha ane rekhAnI avarNanIya kumAzavALuM hatuM, jyAre A kAlamAM kASThakAma ghaNuM dhULa lAge che; joke mULa niyamone bane teTalA vaLagI rahevAno kArIgaroe prayAsa karyo che. mAnavaAkRtio kaMIka alaMkAra-pracura banI gaI che. emAM mulAI, mAravADI ane marAThI zailIonuM mizraNa thayeluM spaSTa jovAmAM Ave che. taLagujarAtanAM nagaromAM temaja saurASTramAM jhAlAvADamAM bharUcane sAme kAMThe Avela ghoghA ane bhAvanagara jevAM nagaromAM A mizrazailInA namUnA upalabdha thAya che. 9 vizeSa A kAlamAM vaccethI be bhAgamAM judI paDatI beThA ghATanI kamAna temaja siMha azva ane gajavyAlanI AkRtiovALAM bhAre ane moTA kalAtmaka madale dakSiNa bhAratanAM vijayanagara ane madurAgelInAM maMdiramAMthI tAjera ane puNe mAraphate gujarAtanI kASThakalAmAM UtarI AvyAM; je ke gujarAtamAM pahoMcatA sudhI enA svarUpamAM ghaNuM parivartana AvyuM.10deg devI-devatA paNa madalanI kotaraNImAM keMdrasthAna pAmyA. madalanI majabUtAIne dhyAnamAM rAkhI

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11 muM ] sthApatya ane zi95 [ 361 ene upayogI AkAra ApavAnI sAthe vividha suzobhanano kuzaLatApUrvaka upayoga karavAmAM Avato 101 A madalanI racanAmAM gujarAtanA kalAkAroe pitAnuM samagra kauzala ThAlavI dIdhuM hatuM, jenAM aneka daSTAMta maLI Ave che. 102 A uparAMta A samayanAM jaina-derAsara ke ghara-derAsaronA kASTha-maMDapanI racanA paNa khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. maMDapanI taMbhika ke ardha khaMbhikA paranAM madalikA-zi tathA goLAImAM goThavAyela parNAkAra ke aSTakoNAkAra taMbhikAo paranI ghUmaTAkAra chatanI lAlityapUrNa ane alaMkAra-pracura sura suMdarIo, mahAvidyAo, vAghavAriNIo vagerenAM manohArI zilpa, mAtA ane bALaka temaja103 cAmara-dhAriNInAM zilpa tathA rAsanI vibhinna mudrAomAM kahAna-gopIonAM ghUmaTa-zilpa paNa ullekhanIya che. emAM taLa-gujarAtanAM paheraveza ane ghareNAMothI alaMkRta suMdara nara-nArIonAM zilpono paNa samAveza thAya che. maMDapanI pATaDI para dhArmika rivAjo, utsavo, jaina tIrtha. konA prasaMge tathA rAjA-mahArAjAonI zebhAyAtrA-savArI ke emanA jIvanaprasaMgone AlekhatI kalAtmaka zilpa-dikAo paNa najare paDe che. A kAlanAM sarjanAmAM keTalIka navI rIti, viziSTa rUDhio ane navatara rUpAMkana paNa dAkhala thayAM. kAchanA TukaDAne mATInA piMDanI jema hala karI emAM moTI bhAtavALAM upasAvelAM bhAska karavAM e enuM khAsa lakSaNa che. prAcIna bArIka phUlavelane sthAne jANe ke uSNakaTibaMdhanuM jaMgala phalI UyuM hoya tema zAkhAprazAkhAo ane moTAM parNovALA jAtajAtanA velAonI kotaraNIthI bhAroTa, uttarAMga ane gavAkSa-jharUkhAone bharI devAmAM AvyA che. maMDapanA vibhinna bhAgo para drAkSanI vele, sItAphaLanAM parNayukta aMkano temaja gajamukha cakalAM haMsa tathA mayUranI paMktio sArvatrika najare paDe che taLa-gujarAtanAM kASTha. zipanA namUnAono meTo bhAga A samayane heya ema jaNAI Ave che. jo ke A kRtiomAM agAunA namUnAo jevI kaMDAranI uccatA nathI, te paNa enAM zreSTha udAharaNomAM AgavI saphAI rahelI che. 14 hiMdu-jaina pASANa-zilpa marAThAkAlanI gaNezanI eka suMdara ane vizeSa prakAranI Arasa-pratimA vaDodarAnA zrI ena. ena. paTelanA saMgrahamAM sacavAyelI che. 104 padmAsanamAM birAjela gaNezanA rathane be taMdurasta moTA uMdara kheMcI rahyA che. gaNezanI AgaLa beThelA rathavAhakanA hAthamAM uMdaronI rAza che. vAhakanuM mastaka

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36 ] araTha kAla (pra. tathA gaNezanA hAtha kha Dita thaI gayA che, chatAM gaNezanA rathane kheMcatA. udaranuM A zipa kharekhara mane hara ane mane raMjaka lAge che. amadAvAdamAM bhadranA killAnA vistAramAM A kAlanAM aneka nAnAM maMdira AvelAM che. emAM hanumAna gaNeza rAma-sItA-lakSmaNa paMcamukhazivaliMga badarInArAyaNa lakSmInArAyaNa viThThalarakhumAI zrIkRSNa vagerenI saMkhyAbaMdha mUrti sthApelI che. 15 A paikInI gaNapati maMdiramAMnI gaNa patinI ane lakSmInArAyaNa maMdiramAMnI sevya pratimA khAsa beMdhapAtra che. gaNapati maMdiramAM pravezatAM jamaNA hAthe AvelA garbhagRhamAM gaNapatinI bhavya manahara mUtinAM darzana thAya che (AkRti 30). zilpazAstranAM badhAM lakSaNa jALavI dhIraja ane vigatapUrvaka A mUrti kaMDArAI che. caturbhuja gaNapatinA upalA jamaNa ane DAbA hAthamAM anukrame parazu ane aMkuza che, nIcale jamaNe hAtha varadamudrAmAM che, jyAre nIcalA DAbA hAthe bhagna daMta dhAraNa karyo che. devanI mUMDha jamaNuM bAju vaLelI che. emanA mastaka para jaTAmukuTa, gajabhAla para muktAmALAonA zaNagAra, kaMThamAM hAra ane hAtha para keyUra tathA kaMkaNa che. gaNapati ardhaparyakAsanamAM beThelA che. emanI nIce emanuM vAhana mUSaka kaMDAryo che. cAmaradhArIonI AgaLanI bAja eka eka bhakta hAtha joDIne devanI stuti karate kaMDAryo che. lakSmInArAyaNanA maMdiranA garbhagRhamAM lakSmInArAyaNa emanA vAhana garuDa para beThelA che (AkRti 31). manuSyAkRti garuDa nAgarAja para beThelA che. garuDanA jamaNA DhIMcaNa para sane Teke che ne enA upara devano DAbo paga TekavAyela che. nArAyaNanuM svarUpa trivikrama prakAranuM che arthAta caturbhuja deve potAnA DAbA nIcalA hAthathI zarU karatAM anukrame zaMkha cakra gadA ane padmayukta varadamudrA dhAraNa karela che. emanA DAbA usaMgamAM lakSmI beThela che. dvibhuja devIe DAbA hAthamAM padma dhAraNa karyuM che ne jamaNe hAtha nArAyaNanA khabhA para Tekavyo che. devInA paga vastranA cheDAthI DhaMkAyelA che. emanuM valIyukta vastra viziSTa bhAta pADe che. amadAvAdanA bhadranA killAmAM AjhamakhAnanI sarAInA eka bhAgamAM marAThA kAlamAM bhadrakALInuM maMdira karavAmAM AvyuM che. A maMdiramAM prAraMbhamAM mAtAjIne gokha hatuM. pAchaLathI emAM zyAma zilAnI bhadrakALI mAtAnI mUrti mUkelI che. kalAnI daSTie A mUrtimAM khAsa noMdhapAtra kaMI nathI. khADiyAnA visanagarA nAgarAnA hATakezvara maMdiramAM aMtarAlanI jamaNI dIvAlanA gavAkSamAM mUkelI umAmahezvaranI mUrti nedhapAtra che. A mUrtimAM zivanI DAbI jaMghA para

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11 su] sthApatya ane zilpa [ 3}} pAMtI ane jamaNI jaMdhA para bAla gaNeza beThelA jovA maLe che (juo AkRti 32). umA-mahezanI eka suMdara pratimA cANAda-karanALanA kuberezvara mahAdevanA maMdiramAM Avela che. zivanuM vyAghraya, gaLAmAM dhAraNa karela sarpa, jaTA vagerene tathA pA tInAM vastrone raMgakAmathI suzebhita karavAmAM AvyAM che. pAtIne dakSiNI DhabanI sADI paherAvelI che, je noMdhapAtra che. pATaNa-tAlukAnA bhUtiyAvAsaNA gAmanA dUdhanAtha mahAdevanA mukhya daravAjA para e paricAraka sAthenuM viSNunuM zilpa (AkRti 33) kaMDAravAmAM AvyuM che. viSNune mukuTa, emanAM AyudhA, paricArakonI pAdhaDI, dhotI alaMkArA vagere khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. samagra zilpa kalAtmaka kAtaraNIyukta heAvA chatAM zarIranAM ma MgAnu pramANamApa barAbara jaLavAyelu nathI. pALiyAda( tA. dhaMdhukA )nA ziva-maMdiranA dvAra paranuM zilpa A samayanAM zAmAM eka uttama namUnArUpa che. marAThI sainika DhabanI pAghaDI, bharAvadAra mUcha, bhAle tripu, moTAM kuMDaLa, hAthamAM chaDI, zarIra paratuM aMgarakhuM. UbhA rahevAnI chaTA vagere kAI marAThI medAnI yAda ApI jAya che. vastrAlaMkAra tathA chatrI para temaja gavAkSanI AsapAsa paNa kotaraNI karavAmAM AvI che. A maMdiramAM kuberanI eka chUTI mUti che. caturbhuja kuberanA upalA che hAthamAM nANAkALI ane nIcalA be hAthamAM anukrame mALA ane kuMbha che. emanA kapALa paratuM vaiSNavI tilaka ane emanu chUTI pATalInuM dhAtiyu vilakSaNlR che (jue AkRti 34). dhaMdhukA pAse Avela prasiddha bhImanAtha mahAdevanA maMdiranA pravezadvAra para paNa A ja prakAre pratIhAranuM uttama zilpa AveluM che. enA hAthanAM kaDAM, paganA teADA, kAnanAM ThaLiyAM vagere para sthAnika leAkeAnA paheravezanI asara spaSTa varatAya che. kacchanA mahAna rAjavI mahArAva lakhapatajI sane 1771 mAM mRtyu pAmyA. emanI pAchaLa emanI 1pa preyasIe paNa satI thaI tenI smRtimAM rAvazrI rAyadhaNajIe eka vizALa chatrI baMdhAvI, je " lakhapatajInI chateDI '' nAme jANItI che. emAMnAM dazAvatAra ane sarasvatI, gopIvasraharaNa ane kAliyadamana, khAkhI khAvA tathA phiraMgI vagerenAM zilpa jovAlAyaka che. teDInA mukhya ghUmaTa nIce madhya bhAgamAM dhADA para svAra lakhapatajIne pALiyA ane

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364 ] marAThA kAla [pra. enI baMne tarapha rAvanI preyasIonA pALiyA eka katAramAM kheDavAmAM AvyA che. chateDInA staMbho para vAghadhAriNI ane nAyikAonI moTA kadanI pUtaLIo ane chaDIdAranAM zilpa goThavAyelAM che. staMbha kamAna ane dhUmanI suyojita bAMdhaNI dvArA ane enA para vividha prakAranAM suzobhana-zipi vaDe A chateDIne kalAtmaka ane bhavya banAvavAmAM AvI che. emAM tatkAlIna kacchI kalA ane lokajIvananAM vibhinna pAsAM daSTigocara thAya che (juo AkRti 25). zatruMjaya para sAkarasahinI TUka para saMvata 1860mAM baMdhAyeluM sahasakuTanuM maMdira AveluM che, jemAM sahastra phUTanI racanA rUpe 1024 mUrti sthApI che. cauda rAjalakane Arasa-pa, samavasaraNa ane siddhacakranI racanA karelI che. vaLI maMdiranI bahAranA bhAgamAM rAmAyaNanAM mukhya pAtra - rAma lakSmaNa sItA dazaratha kauzalyA kaikeyI bharata hanumAna vagerenAM zilpa paNa sthApelAM giranAra para saMgrAma sonInI TUka para be mALa UMcuM bhavya jaina maMdira AveluM che, jenA vizALa garbhagRhamAM mULanAyaka zrI sahastraphaNuM pArzvanAthajInI suMdara ane kalAtmaka mUrti AvelI che. enI pratiSThA saMvata 1859(I. sa. 1802-03) mAM karavAmAM AvI hatI. 108 giranAra paranI kumArapALanI Treka para Avela eka prAcIna jaina maMdiramAM mULanAyaka zrI abhinaMdana svAmInI yAmavaNI bhavya pratimA A kAlanI che. enA para saMvata 1875 no lekha che. * Ama zatruMjaya ane giranAra para A samayanI asaMkhya mUti upalabdha che. sejitrA( tA.peTalAda ji.kheDA)nA eka jaina maMdiramAM A samayanuM eka sAdhunuM chUTuM zilpa (AkRti 36) paDeluM che. enI jaTA tathA dADhInI banAvaTamAM kRtrimatA jaNAI Ave che. kapALamAM tripuMDra kareluM che, gaLAmAM tathA eka hAthamAM mALA dhAraNa karelI che. bIjo hAtha goThaNa para TekavAyele che, kamara para lageTI paherelI che. sAmAnya rIte A samayamAM A prakAre sAdhu-saMte, kustI karatA malenI joDIo, vAghakAro vagerenAM zipono upayoga maMdiranA raMgamaMDapa para bahAranA bhAgamAM cAra khUNe goThavI suzobhana mATe karavAmAM Avato hato. A samayanA killAo para paNa A prakAranAM zilpa jovAmAM Ave che. A samaye gujarAtamAM aneka sthaLoe maMdira baMdhAyAM 110 te badhAM A samayanI zilpakalAnAM vAhaka che.

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[ 365 12 muM ) sthApatya ane zilpa 18 mI sadIno uttarArdha eTale kAThI-dhADAM, gAyakavADI pheja, vAghere ane bahAravaTiyAono samaya.111 e samayanA saurASTra ane kaccha vize asaMkhya lokakathA ane lokagIta racAyAM che. nAnAM-moTAM dhIMgANanI yAda ApatA ane satI saMta tathA zarAnAM tyAga ane balidAnanI gAthA gAtA aneka pALiyA saurASTra ane kacchamAM gAmegAma jovA maLe che. karacha myujhiyamamAM AvA aneka pALiyA ane khAMbhIo sacavAyelAM che. jhArAnA yuddhamAM vIragati prApta karanAra govardhana khavAsane traNa TukaDAmAM khaMDita thayelo pALiyo AkarSaka che. zilAnI uparanA bhAgamAM yuddhanA kesariyA vAghA paherI, kamarabaMdha kasI ane jamaNe hAthamAM bhAle laIne vIra yoddho sajAvelA ghoDA upara beThelo che. enI pAchaLa sUrya-caMdranI AkRtio aMkita karelI che. enA para saMvata 1819(I. sa. 1762-63)ne lekha utkIrNa thayela che. 112 zAmaLAjI vistAramAMthI pArevA paththaramAM kotarele eka suMdara pALiye gujarAta rAjyanA purAtattva khAtAnA uttara vartuLa prApta karela che. azvArohI vIra yoddhAnA eka hAthamAM haiDAnI lagAma che, bIjA hAthamAM mALA che, kapALamAM vizva tilaka che. paheravezamAM mAthA para pAghaDI, kAnamAM goLa kaDIo, gaLAmAM motInI mALA ane zarIra para ghUMTaNa sudhInuM aMgarakhuM che. kamarabaMdhamAM kaTAra beselI che. pITha para DhAla che. pAchaLanA bhAgamAM sUryacaMdranI AkRtio paraMparAgata rIte kaMDArelI che. nIcenA bhAgamAM saMvata 1826 (I. sa. 1769-70) lekha ukIrNa kare che (juo AkRti 37). haLavadanA smazAnamAM A samayanA satIonA aneka utkIrNa pALiyA daSTigocara thAya che. amadAvAda- pAlaDInA rahIza gujarAtanA lekakalA-vizeSajJa zrI hakubhAI zAhanA saMgrahamAM strI ane gadheDAnI akudaratI kIDA darzAvatuM pALiyo che. A prakAranA pALiyAne "gadheDe gALa vALo pALiyo kahe che ke enA guNa dharmanI kakSA ane AkAra-prakAra jotAM ene pALiyo kahevA karatAM khUTe kahe vadhu ucita che. aneka gAma ke khetaramAM khoDela maLI AvatA AvA khUTA samAjanAM asamAjika taronI sAme lokavizvAsanI lakSmaNarekhA jevA che. jAhera dhArmika sthaLonI rakSA mATe ke enI milakata koI paDAvI le nahi, ke ene nukasAna kare nahi athavA gocara mATenI jamIna pacAvI pADe nahi,

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marAThA kAla [pra. e mATe A gadheDe gALa ane khUra kheDavAmAM Ave che. je koI AvuM ( vizvAsaghAtanuM) kRtya kare tene khUMTAvALI gALa lAge evo eno sUcitArtha thato 113 gujarAtamAM aneka sthaLe A samayanA AvA aneka khUTA maLI Ave che. hiMdu-jaina dhAtu-zipa suratanA tripurAsuMdarI mAtAnA maMdiramAM AvelI mahiSAsuramardinInI soLa bhujAvALI dhAtu pratimA (AkRti 38) kalAnI dRSTie A samayane eka uttama kRti che. devIe soLe hAthamAM vibhinna zastrAstra tathA mahimuMDa dhAraNa karelAM che. enI kamara para marAThI Dhabe sADIne kachoTe mAre che, jyAre enA kAnamAM nIcenA bhAgamAM karNaphUla tathA uparanA bhAgamAM paherelAM pecavALAM leLiyAM, kalAtmaka rIte gUMthele eTale vagere para gujarAtanI taLapadI lekakalAnI asara varatAya che. Ama mahiSamardinInI A pratimAnA ghaDataramAM gujarAtIdakSiNI zailIne samaya thayela che. vaDodarA myujhiyamanI InDiyana ArTa gelerImAM sacavAyelI gujarAtI dhAtu , kalAnI keTalIka uttama kalAkRtio nIce pramANe che : (1) gaurI( pAvatI)nuM eka laghumaMdira pittaLanI dhAtunuM baneluM che. enI UMcI pIThikA para kalAtmaka zikharayukta garbhagRha goThavavAmAM AvyuM che. enI AgaLanA bhAgamAM eka laghumaMDapa AveluM che. maMdiranI A AbehUba pratikRti sane 1766 mAM pATaNamAM banelI che (juo AkRti 39). (2) jaina caturbhuja pakSI-padmAvatInA dhAtu(pittaLa)zilpamAM devInA mastaka para traNa phaNAvALA nAganuM chatra che(AkRti 40). enA para sAta phaNAvALA nAganA chatrathI yukta zrI pArzvanAthajInI manahara pratimA goThavalI che. lalitAsanamAM birAjela devIe hAthamAM pAza aMkuza varadamudrA ane kamaLa dhAraNa karelAM che. enI bAjumAM siMhanuM zilpa paNa goThaveluM che. devInA caherAne AkAra ane alaMkAro para temaja siMhanI mukhAkRtinI racanAmAM sthAnika asara joI zakAya che. marAThA kAlanI A eka uttama dhAtu pratimA che. | (3) pAMca sarpaphaNAvALA mukuTane dhAraNa karelI dIlakSmInI pittaLanI eka ghATIlI pratimAe be hAthamAM moTI dIvI dhAraNa karI che. enI merI capaTI mukhAkRti, amIcI aNiyALI AMkhe, kapALamAM zivanA trIjA netra je suzebhita cAMdale vagere AkarSaka che(juo AkRti 41). kAnanAM leLiyAM, gaLAne

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11 muM ] sthApatya ane zi95 [ 367 goLa cakatAvALo hAra, paganAM kallAM, hAyanI cUDI, bAvaDA sudhInI sAdI caLI, kerelI valIvALI suMdara sADI tathA kalAtmaka kezaguMphana vagere gujarAtI tatkAlIna vezabhUSAnuM pratibiMba pADe che. suratamAMthI prApta thayela gujarAtI zilInI dI5lamInI A eka alabhya pratimA che. eno samaya I. sa. 1800 ne mAnavAmAM Ave che. 114 (4) bAlakRSNane jhulAvavAnuM pittaLanuM eka suMdara pAraNuM (AkRti 42), jemAM laMbacorasa bAjaTha para hAthInI pITha para be dIpakanyAonAM zilpa (taMbhikA tarIke) goThavelAM che teonAM mastakamAMthI nIkaLatI mayUranA zithiI Ayukta mughala prakAranI traNa kamAno vacce sAMkaLIthI pAraNuM laTakAvavAmAM AvyuM che. dIpakanyAonA cahere, kAnanAM karNaphUla, teonI ceLI ane chetI para kalAtmaka bhAta ane gaLAmAM aMkita sAde rekhAmaya hAra enA sauMdaryamAM vRddhi kare che. 19mI sadInA prAraMbhanI dhAtukalAno A eka uttama namUno che. amadAvAda-rAyapura-kAcavADAmAM vasatA zrI jugaladAsa paTela pAse gujarAtI zailInAM zreSTha mAnI zakAya tevAM dhAtuzipinA ane gRha-upayogI dhAtukalAnA namUnAone meTo saMgraha che. emAM pATaNa vistAranI mAtA ane bALakanI tathA panihArInI uttama zilpakRtione samAveza thAya che. mAtAe DAbI tarapha bALakane teDela che ane jamaNA hAthathI sADIne cheDe kheMcI lAja kADhI che. baMne zimAM nAjuka deha para paherela eLI ane gheravALe UMce caNiyo ane enA paranI kalAtmaka bhAta temaja hAtha-paga ane gaLAnA alaMkAra jotAM e lAvaNyamayI gujarAtaNane khyAla Ape che. A samayanI jena-hiMdu-(vaiSNava) saMpradAyanAM judAM judAM deva-devI onI aneka sevya dhAtu pratimA gujarAta ane saurASTra vistAranAM aneka maMdirederAsaro, havelI-maMdira, jaina bhaMDArI ane khAnagI vyaktionAM pUjAgRhe vageremAM sacavAyelI che. A uparAMta dIpa-kanyAo, sAMkaLa sAthe laTakatA pazupakSInA AkAranA dIpaka, AratIo, kalAtmaka AkRtiovALI hIMcakAnI sAMkaLo vagere suzobhana ane gRha-upayogI uttama zilpakRtio tathA lekakalAnA namUnArUpa dhAtunAM ramakaDAM paNa gujarAtanAM maMdiresaMsthAo, saMgrahAlayo temaja vyaktigata saMgrahamAM surakSita che. gujarAtanI bahAra puNenA zrI kelakaranA saMgrahamAM paNa gujarAtanI dhAtu kalAne uttama namUnA sacavAyelA che.114

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marAThA kAla hiMdu-jaina kASTha-zi95 kaccha myujhiyamamAM 19 mI sadInA prAraMbhakAlanI kacchI kamAMgarI kAThakalAnuM sAta cUMDhavALA hAthI(rAvata)nuM benamUna zilpa khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. enI sAme suMDha para ekeka nAnI derI goThavavAmAM AvI che, jemAM jaina tIrtha, karonAM suMdara citra deravAmAM AvyAM che. hAthI para paNa suMdara kalAtmaka aMbADI ane mahAvatanAM zilpa (AkRti 43) kaMDAravAmAM AvyAM che. A zi95 kacchI citArAonA kamAMgarI kAmano paNa ao namUno che. kaccha enA kamAMgarI-kAmanAM zilpa tathA ramakaDAM mATe prasiddha che. emAM kotaraNI karI raMga caDAvavAmAM Ave che. 115 vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM siMha para savAra thayelI aMbikA ane enI baMne bAju hAthI para beThela be be aMgarakSaka-paricArakonI zilpapaTTikA (AkRti 44) sacavAyelI che. aMgarakSakenI pAghaDI ane vastro para mughala-mAravADI asara dekhAya che, jyAre aMbikAe marAThI DhabanI sADI ane mughala Dhabano kAMgarAnI bhAtavALA mukuTa dhAraNa kare che. A zilpa-dikAnI racanAno samaya 18mI sadIne prAraMbhakAla mAnavAmAM Ave che. 116 amadAvAdanI sametazikharanI poLamAM AvelA ghUmaTabaMdhI zrI pArzvanAtha derAsaramAM kATha-sthApatyakalAnA utkRSTa namUnArUpa lAkaDAno maMDapa goThavela che. nAcatAM-gAtAM deva devIo ane vAlIonAM mastakonI paMktio dIvAla para ane samarasa bArIonI AsapAsa zobhe che. vaLI lAkaDAmAMthI kotarele sametazikharane pahADa, zrAvaka-zrAvikAo, deva-devIo, pazu-pakSIo ane vanaspatinI AkRtiothI samRddha che. enA dareka bhAga chUTA pADI zakAya che. A maMDapa pATaNanA prasiddha vADI-pArzvanAtha derAsaranA maMDapanI yAda Ape che. A derAsaramAM sahastraphaNA pArzvanAthajInI sapheda ArasanI manahara pratimA paNa AvelI che. derAsaranI sthApanA saMvata 1863(I. sa. 1806-07)mAM thaI hatI.19 amadAvAdamAM jhaverIvADanI vAghaNapoLamAM Avela zrI ajitanAthajInA derAsaramAM paNa A ja kalAtmaka kASTha-maMDapa Ubho kare che. khaMbhikAo para cAre bAju tathA ardha-taMbhikA para vibhinna prakAranI vidyAdhAriNIkinArIo tathA vAghadhArI gaMdharvonAM madala-zilpa gaThavelAM che. vAghadhAriNIonA hAthamAM tatkAlIna samayamAM pracalita evAM vAdyo - karatAla maMjIrAM jhAMja

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11 su ] sthApatya ane zilpa [ aF* pakhavAja dAMDiyA zahenAI dilarubA ekatArA bhUMgaLa turI vaiz vagere dhAraNa karelAM che. emanAM vastraparidhAna tathA alaMkArA para taLapadI gujarAtI zailInI asara spaSTa joI zakAya che. gAMdharvIe aMgarakhAM khetI tathA marAThI DhabanI pAghaDIe dhAraNa karela che. A uparAMta maMDapanI pATaDI para jaina tIrthaMkaranI tathA jaina samAjanA utsavA ane varagheADAnI zilpa-paTTikAe paNa kaMDArelI che. vizeSa, A ja derAsaramAM lAkaDAmAMthI kotareluM nArI-ku MjaranuM prasiddha zilpa (AkRti 45) paNa Avelu che. enI vizeSatA e che ke hAthInAM vibhinna agAne anurUpa nArI-dehanAM aMgAnA judA judA maDAnuM sayeAjana karI kalAtmaka rIte ene hAthInA svarUpamAM kAMDAravAmAM Avela che. suMdara vastrAla kArAthI vibhUSita lAvaNyamayI gujarAtI nArInI pratibhA emAM dRzyamAna thAya che. A hAthI para mughala Dhaane mukuTa ane khabhA para khesa dhAraNa karela koI rAjapuruSa ane mahAvatanAM zilpa paNa koMDArela che. A samagra zilpane cAra paiDAMvALI lAkaDAnI gADImAM gAThavavAmAM AvyuM che, jene upayeAga agAu jaineAnA varagheADAmAM thate hatA. A derAsaramAM saMvata 1854(I.sa. 1797-98)nA lekha che. 118 porabaMdaramAM Avela mahAtmA gAMdhInA janmasthAnanu makAna A samayamAM baMdhAyelu che. enI lAkaDAnI kAmagIrImAM mughala ane marAThAkAla te samayanI lAkSaNikatA joI zakAya che. kAma ghaNuM vigatapUrNa che, paraMtu enI kalAkakSA ghaNI UtarI gaI che. bharaNI para dhaturAnAM pAna, zarAmAM mughalAI kamAna nIce UbhelI pUtaLI ane meAbhanI Toca para paTTInA makaramukhamAMthI nIkaLatI vela vagere A kALanI zarUAtanI kASThakalAnA nirdeza kare che. zarAnI phAlanAnI vigatA, lubikA ane mevaDa paranI bhAtA AgalA kAlanAM aMtima varSInI kalAnA nirdeza kare che. makAna bhoMyataLiyA sAthe traNa mALanuM ane bAvIsa khaDAtu banelu che. 119 jUnA vaDe|darA rAjyanA purAtattvakhAtAe vaDedarA zaheranA keIeka maMdiramAMthI vaDAdarA myujhiyama mATe vAdyadhAriNI surasuMdarIonI AkRtivALA kalAtmaka cha madalazilpa prApta karyAM hatAM. A vAdyadhAriNIoe muddala Dhaba kAMgarAnI bhAtavALA kalAtmaka mukuTa ane suMdara saphAIvALI dakSiNI DhabanI sADI paherelI che. darekanA hAthamAM e samayamAM pracalita vibhinna prakAranAM vAjiMtrA -bhUjaMgaLa mRdaMga rAvaNahaththA vagere dhAraNa karelAM che. ene anurUpa suMdara rgakAma paNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. pAtaLI dehayaSTivALA A nArI-AkRtie kharekhara marAThAkAlIna gujarAtI zilpa-kRtionA uttama namUnA pUrA pADe che.120 i-7-24

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370 ]. marAThA kAla [ pra. . dilhInA rASTriya saMgrahAlayamAM 18 mI sadInA uttarArdhanA ane 19mI sadInA prAraMbhanA gujarAtI kASThakalAnA nIcenA alabhya namUnA sacavAyelA che. (1) DAbA page ghUgharA bAMdhI nRtya mATe sajaja thatI nRtyAMganA tathA baMsIvAdaka nAyikAnAM suMdara ane bhAvavAhI zilpa emanI lAlityapUrNa dehayaSTi, motInI sera ane dAmaNIthI suzobhita kezaguMphana, bhUrA raMgathI raMgelI gujarAtI DhabanI cALI ane kalAtmaka rIte kamara para gAMTha vALI ghUTaNa sudhI pahereluM vastra tathA gaLAmAM khetInI mALA vagere jotAM A kRtio tatkAlIna gujarAtI lebAsamAM sajaja nAyikAnA vyaktitvane prastuta kare che. A zilpakRtio koI kalAtmaka jaina kASThamaMDapane zobhAvatI haze ema lAge che. 21 (2) mughalakamAnavALuM suMdara kotaraNIthI maDheluM bArInuM cokaThuM, jenI ane bAjunI UbhI paTTIo para phUlavelanI bhAtothI yukta mAnava tathA prANI AkRtio, temaja uparanI ADI paTTI para madhyamAM tIrthakaranuM bhArya che. enI pUjA-arcanA mATe zrAvaka-zrAvikA jatAM jovA maLe che. kamAnane alaga rIte kotarIne cekaDAmAM besADavAmAM AvI che. kamAnanA bane khUNA upara pAMkhavALI asarAo ane pakSIonI AkRtio kaMDArelI che. bArInA nIcenA bhAganI paTTI para phUlavelanI bhAta ketaravAmAM AvI che. cokaThAnI cheka Toca paranI paTTI para jhUlatI chuMdI gALa bhamarIo A samayanI kASThakArIgarImAM sAmAnya rIte jovAmAM Ave che. 122 surata myunisipala korporezana saMcAlita saMgrahAlayamAM kASThakalAnA uttama namUnArUpa suMdara raMgakAma karelA dvArapALanAM AkarSaka zilpanI be joDI sacavAyelI che. dvArapAlee marAThI sainikanI DhabanI pAghaDI, jAMbalI lAla tathA lIlA raMgavALuM ane vacce sonerI bhAtavALuM aMgarakhuM tathA pAyajAme paherelAM che. emaNe hAthamAM rUperI chaDI dhAraNa karI che. muMbaInA prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyamamAM paNa gujarAtanI keTalIka kASTakalAkRtio sacavAyelI che, jemAM 19mI sadInA prAraMbhanI eka nRtyaparika khAsa dhyAna kheMce tevI che. paTTikAnI vacce jaina tIrthakara birAjamAna che ane baMne bAju emanuM abhivAdana karatAM, nRtyamAM judI judI aMgabhaMgIvALAM, vividha vAjiMtro vagADatAM cha-cha strI puruSonAM suMdara zilpa kaMDArelAM che. A sivAya paNa gujarAtanAM aneka nagaromAM A samayanAM kASTha-kotaraNIthI alaMkRta ane samRddha evAM aneka maMdira, teonA sabhAmaMDapa, havelIo,

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-11 muM ] sthApatya ane zilpa [ 371 makAne, cabutarA-parabaDI vagere meTA pramANamAM Aje paNa sacavAI rahyAM che; jemake jAmanagaramAM vaiSNava-havelI maMdira, bhAvanagaramAM bAvAne mADha tathA darabAragaDha, ghaMghAmAM hATakezvaranA maMdira pAse zrI harakisanadAsa mahetAnuM makAna, ziherano darabAragaDha, porabaMdaramAM gopAlajI mahArAjanI havelI, rAdhanapuramAM mAjI navAbano darabAragaDha, pATaNamAM zAhanA pADAnuM jena-derAsara, amadAvAdamAM kALupura-paMcabhAInI poLamAM zrI ToDaramala cimanalAla zeThanI havelI, rAyapurabebaDiyA vidyanI khaDakImAM zrI bhAnubhAI paMcAlanuM makAna, khADiyA-lAkhA paTelanI piLamAM zrI lakSmIzaMkara zAstrInuM makAna, sapha mahelAmAM zrI abdulahusena naruddInanuM makAna, toDAnI poLamAM zrI baMsIlAla hIrAlAlanuM makAna, nIzA piLamAM zrI jagavallabha pArzvanAthajInuM derAsara, chIpA piLamAM zrI baladevabhAI paTelanuM makAna, zAhapura-vasatA ghelachanI piLamAM zrI dazarathalAla catrabhuja zukalanuM makAna, dhoLakAmAM zrI jagAbhAI ghIvALAnuM makAna, rANapuramAM zrI bAlAjI maMdira, vase(ji. kheDA)mAM darabAra zrI gopAladAsa desAInI havelI, umareThamAM zrI jayeMdrabhAI zelatanuM makAna, suratamAM rANI taLAva pAse zrI ThAkoradAsa nArAyaNadAsanuM makAna vagere A kAlanAM kASTha-sthApatya ane zilpa mATe ullekhanIya che 123 mughalakAlIna zreSThatama kaMDArakAmanI sarakhAmaNIe marAThAkAlanuM A kAThakAma ghaNuM sthUla ane UtaratI kalAkArIgarInuM jaNAya che. samaya jatAM emAM vadhu ne vadhu kalAvihInatA AvatI jatI jaNAya che. TUMkamAM, A samayanI zilpakRtionI lAkSaNikatA e che ke kalA vadhu sthULa banatI gaI, enAM bhUtakAlIna cetanA ane bhAIva cAlyAM gayAM. bIbADhALa zinuM utpAdana vadhyuM, gAyakavADI DhabanA dvArapAlanAM meTAM zino tathA kASThanA bhAre moTI kotaraNIvALA madalano praveza thayo, mAnava-AkRtio vadhu alaMkAra-pracura paNa kaMIka beDoLa banatI gaI, enI vezabhUSAmAM paNa mughala- marAThI DhabanuM prAbalya vadhyuM, vadhumAM A zine raMga paNa caDAvavAmAM Avato. pAdaTIpa 1. 2. bhI. jeTa, gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda', pR. 162 2. carotara sarvasaMgra, vibhAga 1, pR. 950 3. rAmasiMha rAThoDa, "kacchanuM saMskRtiMdazana", pR. 198 4. A samayanAM gharonI vigato mATe, juo R. K. Trivedi, Wood Carving of Gujarat (WCG:) Statment 1.

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37ra ] marAThA kAla [ pra.. 2. 1922 4-6. District Gazetteer : Mehsana, pp. 795 f. 7. Ibid, p. 796; goviMdabhAI hAthIbhAI desAI, "kaDI prAMta sarvasaMgraha', pR.51920 8. "carotara sarvasaMgraha', vibhAga 1, pR. 56 9. ejana, vibhAga 1, pR. 1022 10. rAmasiMha rAThoDa, uparyukta, pR. 184, baMgalAnA citra mATe juo ejana, pR. 177. 11. IzvaralAla IcchArAma desAI, surata senAnI mUrata', pR. 114 12. mahAdeva mukuMda jozI, "pATaNane bhomiyo", pR. 78-79; govidabhAI hAthIbhAI desAI, uparyukta, pR. 435 13. carotara sarvasaMgraha', vibhAga 1, pR. 91 14. ejana, vibhAga 1, pR. 95; zAMtilAla ThAkara, naDiyAdane itihAsa', pR. 84-85 15. surezabhAI ke. dave, "okhAmaMDaLa aitihAsika ane sAMskRtika daSTie ', pR. 74 16. I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 114 17. edalajI barajorajI paTela, "suratanI tavArIkha', pR. 92; I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 114 18. I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 114 19. mahAdeva mukuMda jozI, upayukta, pR. 71 20. ahIM varNanamAM taLagujarAta, (temAM dakSiNa madhya ane uttara gujarAta), saurASTra ane kaccha e krame hiMdu dhArmika imArato ane bAMdhakAmonuM varNana ApyuM che. rAjAonI chatarIo ane sAdhu ke satInAM samAdhisthAne paNa pUjAtAM hovAthI ene A vibhAgamAM samAveza karyo che. svAminArAyaNa saMpradAye A kAlamAM pravaryo, paNa enAM maMdira I.sa. 1818 pachI baMdhAIne pratiSThita thayAM hovAthI ene ahIM samAveza karyo nathI. 21. bAlAjI maMdiranI jAta-mulAkAta laI A noMdha lakhI mokalavA mATe lekhaka prA. mugaTalAla bAvIsIne AbhArI che. 22. e. ba. paTela, uparyukta, pR. 192 23. M. R. Majmudar, Cultural History of Gujarat, p. 284 24. gaNapatarAma himmatarAma desAI, "bharUca zaherane ItihAsa", pR. 52 25. goviMdabhAI hAthIbhAI desAI, vaDodarA prAMta sarvasaMgraha " pR. 593. 26. ejana, pR. 594 27. ejana, pR. 55 khaMDebAnI matimAM zivane ghoDesavAra svarUpe batAvavAmAM AvelA hoya che. 28. ejana, pR. 596 29. ejana, pR. 598 30. ejana, pR. 599 30. vaDodarAnAM maMdiranI sthApatyakIya mAhitI pUrI pADavA mATe lekhaka zrI kAMtilAla tripAThInA AbhArI che. 31. narmadAzaMkara cumbakarAma bhada, "khaMbhAtanuM sAMskRtika darzana', pR. 318 32. ejana, pR. 298 33. ejana, pR. 319

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11 muM ] sthApatya ane zilpa [ 373 34, ejana, pR. 304, 306-07 35-36. "carotara sarvasaMgraha', vibhAga 1, pR. 1010 37. ejana, vibhAga 1, pR. 1011 38. ejana, vibhAga 1, pR. 91 39. ejana, vibhAga 1, pR. 95ra; zAMtilAla ThAkara, uparyukta, pR. 84-85 40. "carotara sarvasaMgraha ', vibhAga 1, pR. 1016 41. durgAzaMkara ke. zAstrI, "gujarAtanAM tIrthasthAna', pR. 86-87 42-43. "carotara sarvasaMgraha ', vibhAga 1, pR. 262 44. ejana, vibhAga 1, pR. 1016 45. A badhAM maMdiranA vistRta paricaya mATe juo, pravINacaMdra parIkha, " amadAvAdanA bhadranA killAmAMnAM maMdiranI sthaLa-tapAsa", "buddhiprakAza', pR.126, pR.375-380. 46. ejana, pR. 376 47. ejana, pR. 377-78 48. ejana, pR. 34 49. ma. mu. jozI, uparyukta, pR. 71; rA. cu. modI ane zAMtilAla go. zAha, "pATaNane paricaya ", pR. 16 50. ma. mu. jozI, uparyukta, pR. 80 49. District Gazetteer : Mehsana, p. 820 para. ma. mu. jozI, upayukta, pR. 72 53. ejana, pR. 80-81; ge. hA, desAI, " kaDI prAMta sarvasaMgraha', pR. 446 54. District Gazetteer : Mehsana, p. 796; ge. hA. desAI, "kaDI prAMta | sarvasaMgraha' pu. 519-20 55. Ibid, p. 834 56. go. hA. desAI, "kaDI prAMta sarvasaMgraha', pR. 456-57 A maMdiranuM vigatavAra varNana A graMthamAlAnA graMtha 6 mAM citra sahita apAyuM che.-juo "mughalakAla ", pR. 438-39; AkRti 30. 57. 6. ke. zAstrI, "etihAsika saMzodhana', pR. 181 58. zaMbhuprasAda ha. dezAI, "prabhAsa ane somanAtha', pR. 309-11 AjhAdI pahelAM A maMdirane loke "navA seminAthanuM maMdira' kahetA. have AjhAdI pachI somanAthanuM navuM maMdira baMdhAtAM enI apekSAe Ane " jUnA somanAthanuM maMdira" kahe che. 59. ejana, pR. 322 60. " dvArakA sarvasaMgraha', pR. 192 61. narmadAzaMkara lAlazaMkara, "kAThiyanADa sarvasaMgraha', pR. 292 12. goviMdabhAI hAthIbhAI desAI, amarelI prAMta sarvasaMgraha', pR. 420 - 63. ejana, pR. 425 64. pukharabhAI gokANI, "dvArakA maMDala', " dvArA sarvasaMgraha", pR. 11

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374 ] marAThA kAla 65. zaMbhuprasAda ha. dezAI, "jUnAgaDha ane giranAra', pR. 324 66. M. R. Majmudar, op. cit., p. 284 67. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa, taMtrInedha, "pathika', pR. 6, aMka 10-11, pR. 23 68. AmAMnI zilpane lagatI keTalIka vigata bajese temanA graMtha, Report on the Antiquities of Kathiawad and Kutch, p. 212 para noMdhI che paNa vadhu vigata zrI mAnasaMgajIbhAI bAraDe sthaLanI mulAkAta laI pUrI pADI che, e mATe lekhaka emanA RNI che. 69 keTalIka vigato mATe juo aM. pra. zAha, jaina tIrtha sarvasaMgraha", vibhAga 1le, khaMDa 1 lo, koSThaka kramAMka 83, 103, 105. 277, 419-20, 426, 432, 450, 468, 483, 497, 503, 507, 58, para4, 534, 147, 149, 58, 611, 616, 716, 719, 75, 758, 760- 61, 775, 786, 791, 794-96 818, 830, 85, 899, 922, 1025, 1035, 1073, 1077, 1098, 1119, 1126, 1147-48, 1156, 1160, 1163-64, 1237-38, 1247, 1270, 1305-06, 1309, 1342 43, 1349, 1952, 1965, 1380, 1998, 141214, 1473, 1486, 1502, 152, 1571, 1587-88, 1605-06, 1608-09 1611, 1666, 1724, 1760, 1804, 1861, 185, 1897, 1957, 1971, 1975, 1984-85, 2006, 2017; Burgess, The Temples of Shatrun jaya-Palitana in Kathi awad, (TSPK) pp. 21-25 70. Burgess, TSPK, pp. 22f. 7. aM. pra. zAha, upayuktavibhAga na lo, khaMDa 1 le, koThaka naM. 1605 72. Burgess, TSPK, pp 22f. 73-74. Ibid., p. 23 04. Ibid., p. 24, plate XXXI. 06. Ibid., p. 24 77. aM. ke zAha, uparyukta, vibhAga 1 lo, khaMDa 1 le, pR. 30; koSThaka naM. 500 78. I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 114 70, carotara sarvasaMgraha", vibhAga 1, pR. 1004 80. I. I. desAI, uparyukta, jIvanacaritra vibhAga, pR. 19 (1. Burgess, Report on the Antiquities of Kathiawad and Kutch, p. 213. 82. citra mATe juo rAmasiMha rAThoDa. "kacchanuM saMskRtidarzana', citra pR. 196 83. juo ejana, pR. 194 ane pR. 198 uparanAM citro. 84. A rajA aMgenI ghaNI upayogI mAhitI pUrI pADavA mATe lekhaka zrI mAnasaMgajI bAraDanA AbhArI che. 85 I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 138 82. e. ba. paTela, ejana, pR. 198; I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 138-39 87. I. i. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 38-39 , 87. juo upara pR. 333.

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11 muM ] sthApatya ane zilpa [ 35 88. H. Goetz, "The Post-Mcdiaeval Sculpture of Gujarat, Bulletin of the Baroda Museum & Picture Gallery (BBMPG), Vol. V, Pts. -II, p. 31 C. M. R. Majmudar, Gujarat : Its Art-Heritage (GIAH), p. 49 90. H. Goetz, op.cit., p. 32 47. H. Goetz, * The Role of Gujarat in Indian Art History," BBMPG, Vol III, pt. I, pp. 1-10 92. ki. ja. dave, "zilpakRtio ", "mughalakAla", pR. 462-65 93. 2 bhI. jeTa, "gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda', pR. 401 68-64. H. Goetz, 'The Post-Mediaeval Sculpture of Gujarat, BBMPG, Vol. V, pts. I-II , p. 37 96. M. R. Majmudar, GIAH, p. 66 97. BBMPG, Vol. V, Pts. I-II, p. 38 4. H. E. M. James, Wood Carving in Gujarat, p. 352 , 99. peMdra nANAvaTI ane madhusUdana DhAMkI, "gujarAtanuM kASThazilpa", "kumAra" pu. 41, pR. upara 100. BBM PG, Vol. V, pts I-II, p. 38 202. B. N. Treasurywala, Wood Sculpture from Gujarat, fig. 2 102. nANAvaTI ane DhAMkI, uparyukta, pR. 355 203. K. Khandalawala, Indian Sculpture and Painting, fig. 97 104. nANAvaTI ane DhAMkI, uparyukta, pR. 35ra 20824. R. N. Mehta, A Few Ganesh Images from Gujarat', BBMPG, Vol. X, pt. I-II, p. 27, fig. 8 105. A badhAM maMdiromAMnAM zilponI vigato mATe juo pravINacaMdra parIkha, upayukta, buddhiprakAza, 5 126, pR. 375-80. ?05. BBMPG, Vol. XXVI (Special issue ), pp. 191 ff., plates XXXVII to XXIX 107. aM. pra. zAha, upayukta, vibhAga 1 lo, khaMDa 1, pR. 107 108-109. ejana, pR. 124 110. M. R. Majmudar, Cultural History of Gujarat, p. 284 111. maNibhAI vorA, "aDhAramI sadInuM saurASTra", "kumAra". pu. 55, pR. 321 112. BBMPG, Vol. XXVI, plate XLV. 113. Ibid, Vol. XXVI, p. 220 998. M. R. Majmudar, GIAH, plate LV

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30} ] marAThA kAla [ 31. 22824. Mulkraj Anand, Homage to Dinker Kelker;, Marg. Vol. XXXI, No. 3, pp. 1-50 214. BBMPG, Vol. XXVI, p. 109 12. Ibid., Vol. V, pt. I-II, p. 39, fig. 6 117-118. A. ke. zAha, uparyukta, pR. 10-11; WCG,plate CXXIV-V 119. nANAvaTI ane DhAMkI uparyukta, pR. 354, citra 7; WCG, p. 69, plate XLIV tathA * pU. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInuM janmasthAna ane gAMdhI smAraka kIrtimaMdira, peArabadara paricaya,' pR. 4-7 " 120. Hiranand Sastri, 'Annual Report of Archaeological Department, Baroda state, 1938, p. 15, pt. XIII & XIV 121. V. P. Dwivedi, Jain Wood Carvings in the National Museum Collection,' Aspect of Jain Art & Architecture, Ahmedabad, p. 419, fig. 13-14 122. Ibid., p. 21, fig. 7 123. WCG, Statements, pp. 1-106

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prakaraNa 12 citra saMgIta ane nRtya IsavI sana 1758 mAM amadAvAdamAM marAThA sattAnI sthApanA thaI tyArathI gujarAtanI rAjakIya paristhitimAM nedhapAtra parivartana AvyuM. sATha varSanA TUMkA rAjya amala daramyAna marAThA saradAre sattAnI sAThamArImAM gujarAtane vyavasthita ane kAryadakSa vahIvaTa ApI na zakyA, pariNAme azAMti ane avyavasthAnuM sarjana thayuM, jenI asara sthApatya zilpa citra nRtya-nATaya saMgIta vagere lalita kalAo upara paDI. mughalenuM patana thatAM lalitakalAone rAjyAzraya maLatuM baMdha thayo ane marAThA kAlamAM e kalAono vikAsa sthagita thaI gayo. citrakalA citrakalAnA A samayanA je koI namUnA prApta thayA che temAM kalAtatvanI UNapa spaSTa jaNAI Ave che. mughalakAla ane e agAunA samayamAM je ladhucitro ane bhitticitro AlekhavAnI prathA gujarAtamAM pracAramAM hatI teno vikAsa sthagita thaI gayelo jovA maLe che. A samayanAM citra be svarUpamAM jovA maLe che : pithIcitra ane bhitticitro. pithIcitromAM jaina vaNava zava ane zAkta saMpradAyanI asara jovA maLe che. citranA laukika namUnA ziSTa ane lokasAhityanI racanAomAM najare paDe che. bhitticitra maMdire rAjamahele ane zreSThIonI havelIomAM AlekhAyelAM jovA maLe che. citranA viSayavastu mAM kaI pheraphAra jovA maLato nathI. 1. pithIci A samayanAM pithI citro gujarAta-saurASTranA jaina bhaMDArAnI pothIomAM, khAnagI mAlikInA saMgrahamAM temaja lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, amadAvAda ane zeTha bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAdamAM jaLavAyelAM jovA maLe che. jena pithInI citrakalA A samayanI jaina pothInI citrakalA kalpasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMgrahaNa sUtra, zAMtinAthastavana, baraDA kSetrapAla stotra, prakAza, laghustotra, prajJApAsava stabaka, jayatihuNastotra, zAMtinAthacaritra, saprabhAvika stavana,

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378 ] marAThA kAla [pra. aDhAra zIlAMgaraya, upAsaka dazAMgasUtra, Avazyaka satra, neminAthastavana, zAMtijinastavana, bhaktAmara stotra, paMcAMgulI sahasranAmastotra, kalyANamaMdira stotra, vaMditu tetra, vicAra patrizikA, dhanAzAlibhadra rAsa, zrIpAla rAsa, caMdarAjAne rAsa, neminAtha phAgu-ityAdi piMthIomAM jovA maLe che. A samayanI kalpasUtranI kAgaLanI citrita pothIo gujarAtasaurASTranA jaina bhaMDAromAM sacavAyelI che, keTalIka lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhA. saM. vidyA maMdira, bho. je. vidyAbhavana ane prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyama, muMbaImAM paNa jaLavAyelI che. keTalIka thiIomAM lipibaddha karyAnAM varSa che, keTalIkamAM nathI. kalpasUtranI kAgaLanI citrita pothIomAM tIrthakara bhagavAnanA jIvana-prasaMga khAsa karIne janma, vivAha, kezaleca, dIkSA ane dharmopadezanA prasaMga AlekhAyelA jovA maLe che. lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiramAM aDhAramA sakAnI kalpasUtranI eka pathImAM rAja savArInAM dazyomAM puruSa ane strI pAtronI vezabhUSA marAThI prakAranI jovA maLe che. keTalIka hastapratonA hAMsiyAmAM phUlavela ane bhaumitika AkRtionuM rekhAkIya Alekhana jovA maLe che. aDhAramA saikAnI kAgaLa para citrita "saMgrahaNIsUtra'nI bAra pothIo lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiramAM che. "saMgrahaNI sUtra" e jaina paraMparA pramANe brahmAMDanI utpattine lagate graMtha che. A thiIomAM tIrthakare devadevIo gaMdha yakSa-yakSiIo sUrya caMdra parvate nadIo ane vRkSanuM Alekhana karavAmAM AveluM che. A saMsthAmAM saMgRhIta aDhAra zIlAMga ratha" nAmanI aDhAramA saikAnI aDhAra citrovALI pithI khAsa ullekhapAtra che. jaina sAdhuonAM zIla kahetAM AcAranI vigate A pithInAM aDhAra citramAM ApelI che. lAkaDAnA lAMbA rathamAM AcAranAM khAnAM pADelAM che. rathanI upara madhyamAM je te tIrthakara bhagavAnanuM citra che. rathane hAMkanAra sArathie gheDAnI lagAma potAnA jamaNA hAthamAM pakaDI che. citrakAre rathanuM ane ghoDAnuM Alekhana vAstavika rIte karyuM che. AkhuM citra jANe gatimAM hoya ema jaNAya che. pAnanI baMne bAjunA hAMsiyAmAM phUlavelanuM suzebhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. sArathinI vezabhUSA nedhapAtra che. eNe aMgarakhuM ane dhotiyuM dhAraNa karela che. enA mAyAnI moTI pAghaDI dhyAna kheMce tevI che. A pithInAM aDhAra citromAMthI eka citra ahIM rajU karavAmAM AvyuM che (juo AkRti pa1).

Page #402
12 muM ] citra saMgIta ane nRtya [ 379 A saMsthAmAM saMgRhIta thayelI "daMDaka baladAra' nAmanI citrita parathI paNa khAsa ullekhapAtra che. jaina sAdhuone tatvajJAnanuM zikSaNa ApavA mATe daMDakanI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. aDhAramA saikAnI A pothI mahesANA jillAnA vijApuranA ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanA maMdiramAM lipibaddha karavAmAM AvI hatI. A pithInAM citromAM tIrthakara bhagavAnanI AjubAja vimAnanuM Alekhana emanA deva sAthe karavAmAM AveluM che. citranI vacamAM tIrthakara bhagavAnanuM citra zikharabaddha. maMdira sAthe AlekhavAmAM AveluM che. AsapAsanAM be vimAnonuM Alekhana paNa trizikhara yukta karavAmAM AveluM che. zikhara upara dharmanA pratIkarUpa pharapharatI dhajA paNa darzAvavAmAM AvI che. A citramAM vimAnanI nIce pazupaMkhInI AkRti dhyAna kheMce tevI che. ahIM je citra ApavAmAM AveluM che temAM pahelA vimAnamAM vAghanI AkRti ane bIjA vimAnamAM meranI AkRti vAstavika lAge che. baMne vimAnamAM beThelA devane cAra hAtha che, je paikInA traNa hAthamAM anukrame gadA pA ane mALA che. A baMne devonA mugaTa rUperI TapakAM vaDe hIrAmetIthI alaMkRta banAvAyA che (juo AkRti para ). sattaramI ane aDhAramI sadImAM kAgaLa para AlekhAyelI "dhanA zAlina bhadra rAsa"nI thiIomAM citro jovA maLe che. A paikInI keTalIka pothIo amadAvAdanA jaina bhaMDArAmAM ane lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhA. saM. vidyAmaMdira temaja bho. je. vidyAbhavanamAM saMgRhIta karavAmAM AvelI che. A pAthIomAM AlekhAyelAM citromAM zAlibhadranI mAtA dhanA, zAlibhadranA jIvanaprasaMge, zAlibhadra ane enI batrIsa patnIo, zAlibhadra ane magadharAja zreNikanI mulAkAtano prasaMga ityAdi noMdhapAtra che. saMvata 1895 mAM amadAvAdamAM AlekhAyelI 'zrIpAla rAsa"nI eka pothImAM je vahANanAM citra che te gujarAtanA vahANavaTA upara prakAza pheke che. vahANanA staMbho UMcA ane ratnajaDita che. vahANanI aMdara sonerI zAhIthI AlekhAyela suMdara gavAkSo che. vahANanI aMdara vAdyo vagADatA gAMdharvonuM Alekhana paNa AkarSaka che. aneka prakAranI dhajA-patAkAothI vahANane alaMkRta karavAmAM AvyuM che. hIrAmotIthI zaNagArAyeluM vahANanuM A citra aDhAramA saikAnA gujarAtanI Arthika samRddhinuM citra raju kare che. lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiramAM saMgRhIta aDhAramA saikAnI kAgaLa para AlekhAyelI "prakAza pithInAM keTalAMka citra ulekhapAtra che. eka citramAM cakravartI rAjAnA rAjyAbhiSekanuM citra che. rAjyAbhiSeka

Page #403
380 ] marAThA kAla [pra. vakhate rAjAne pRthvInA judAM judAM pavitra jaLathI kevI rIte abhiSikta karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM enuM citra A pathImAM AlekhavAmAM AvyuM che. A pithImAM che "leyAonuM Alekhana dhapAtra che. lezyA eTale adhyavasAya. leyAnA che prakAra jaina paraMparAmAM A pramANe varNavelA che: (1) kRSNa, (2) nIla, (3) kapita, (4) padma, (5) tejas ane (5) zukala. A cha leyAonA svarUpanuM darzana karAvavA citramAM jaMbuvRkSanuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. citramAM cha puruSo paikIno eka kuhADIthI jabuvRkSanuM chedana karato dekhAya che, je kRSNa leyAnA adhyavasAyavALe che. citranA uparanA bhAgamAM bIjo puruSa be hAthe kuhADI pakaDIne jaMbuvRkSanA thaDanA mULamAM ghA karatA dekhAya che, je nIleyAnA adhyavasAyavALe che. trIjo puruSa cheka uparanA bhAgamAM kuhADI vaDe DALI kApo dekhAya che, je kataleyAnA adhyavasAyavALo che. cothe puruSa jaMbuvRkSanI DelI DALI pitAnA DAbA hAthamAM rAkhI jamaNA hAthe ja bu phaLa khAte dekhAya che, je paleyAnA adhyavasAyavALo che. pAMcamo puruSa DAbI bAjue jaMbunA pAkelAM phaLa teDI rahyo che, je tejalezyAnA adhyavasAyavALo che. citranI cheka nIce jamaNI bAjue sahaja rIte nIce paDelAM pAkAM jAMbunAM phaLa khAto puruSa batAvAyo che, je zukaleTayAnA adhyavasAyavALo che. A badhA puruSonI pAghaDI marAThI DhabanI che, je e samayanA puruSa paheravezane khyAla Ape che. A samayamAM lAkaDAnI paTTIo upara paNa citrakAma karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. kAgaLanI pothIne A citrita paTTIonI bevaDamAM saMgRhIta karavAmAM AvatI hatI. lAkaDAnI paTTIo upara velabuTTA ane kalAtmaka bhaumitika akRtionuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvatuM. citranI camaka mATe saresanuM pAtaLuM paDa paNa paTTI upara lagADavAmAM AvatuM. A samayanI jaina pothIo je sthaLoe lipibaddha karavAmAM AvatI temAM amadAvAda pATaNa khaMbhAta vijApura vaDanagara surendranagara aMjAra ityAdi kendra mukhya hatAM. janetara pothInI citrakalA A samayanI jainetara pothInI citrakalA vaNava zaiva ane zakti tema saura saMpradAya dvArA vikaselI che. laukika viSayomAM "ratirahasya nI hastapratAmAM kAmAsakta strI puruSonAM citranuM Alekhana jovA maLe che. vaiSNava saMpradAyanI asara nIce lipibaddha thayelI pothIomAM gIta-goviMda, bAlagopAla

Page #404
12 su] citra sa'gIta ane nRtya [ 381" " stuti ane nArAyaNa-kavaca mukhya che. bhe. je. vidyAbhavanamAM saMgRhIta gIta-gAviMdanI aDhAramA saikAnI pothImAM viSNunA dazAvatAranAM citra rAdhA ane kRSNanA milana-virahanA prasaMge bhAvapUrNa rIte AlekhAyelAM jovA maLe che. rAva sapradAyanI asara nIce lakhAyelI kAgaLanI pothIomAM ziva kavaca ' ane ' chAyApuruSajJAna mukhya che, jemAM bhagavAna zivanAM citrAnu Alekhana karavAmAM Avyu che. A baMne pothI aDhAramA saikAnI che ane lA. 6. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiramAM saMgRhIta karavAmAM AvI che. chAyApuruSajJAna pothInAM eeka citrita pAtrAmAM vAdha upara beThelA zivanuM citra teAMdha pAtra che. emanA gaLAmAM kheAparInI mALA ane jaTAmAM sapa vITAyelA jovA maLe che. emanA be hAya paikI eka hAthamAM Damaru ane khIjA hAthamAM trizULa che. zAkta sa`pradAyanI asara nIce lipibaddha thayelI pothIomAM devIbhAgavata, laghustavarAjastAtra ane caMDIpA* mAhAtmya mukhya che, jemAMnI pahelI pothI bhA. je. vidyAbhavanamAM ane khIjI e peAthI lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiramAM saMgRhIta che. A pothImAM devInAM judAM judAM svarUpAnAM citra AlekhavAmAM AvelAM che, jemAM mahiSAsuramardinInu citra noMdhapAtra che. saura sapradAyane lagatI aDhAramA saikAnI kAgaLa para citrita pothI lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiramAM che, jetuM nAma 'sahasranAmasteAtra che, A pothImAM sUrya bhagavAnanu` mAnuSasvarUpanuM citra che. sUryaM bhagavAnaneA ratha sAta gheADAethI hakArAta batAvAyA che. ratha hAMkanAra sArathinI pAghaDI marAThI che. sArathie eka hAthamAM gheADAonI lagAma pakaDI che to bIjA hAthamAM pAtaLA lAMmA daMDa dhAraNa karela che. enA gaLAnI lAMbI mALA paNa dhyAna khe Mce tevI che. rathanI madhyamAM mU bhagavAnanuM mAthuM prakAza-kirAnA AbhAmaMDaLa sAthe AlekhavAmAM Avyu che. lAkaDAnA racanI viziSTa racanA e samayanA vAhanavyavahAranAM sAdhaneAneA khyAla Ape che. AkhuM citra layayukta gatimAM hoya ema jaNAya che (jue AkRti 53 ). " ramatanAM pAnAM (Playing Cards ) amadAvAdanA bhe. je. vidyAbhavanamAM saMgRhIta ramatanAM citrita pAnAM khAsa ullekhapAtra che. AvAM pAnAMonI sakhyA 150 upara che. gALAkAra AkRtimAM pazu-paMkhInI AkRtio che. sakhyAe kalAtmaka rIte AlekhavAmAM AvelI che. AvI AkRtiomAM dhADA kUtarA kAcae uMdara sApa pApaTa mAra bataka vagere neoMdhapAtra che. ekanI sakhyA darzAvavA mATe gheADA upara savAra;

Page #405
38ra ] marAThA kAla [. thayelI rAjAnI AkRti AlekhavAmAM AvI che. ghaDAnuM Alekhana jIvaMta ane gatimAM hoya tevuM lAge che. rAjAnI vezabhUSA rAjapUta jaNAya che. rAjAe dhAraNa karela alaMkAro ane Ayudho paNa citranI samRddhimAM vadhAro kare che. keTalAMka pAnAMnA saMkhyAMka darzAvavA chatrI, lIlAM pAMdaDAM ke parvatanuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. vaLI kalAtmakatA lAvavAmAM lIlAM pILAM ane kALAM TapakAMne upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che. A badhAM pAnAMomAM pazu AkRtiomAM ghaDAnuM Alekhana sahaja ane kalAtmaka che. mera ane pipaTanuM Alekhana paNa eTaluM ja suMdara ane sahaja che. kAgaLamAMthI banAvelAM A pAnAMonI banAvaTamAM cInanI peparamazI kalAnI keI asara haze ema manAya che. 2 bhitticitra marAThA kAlamAM bhitticitronuM Alekhana hiMdu ane jaina maMdiromAM temaja rAjavIonA mahelamAM thayeluM jovA maLe che. jaina maMdiranAM bhitticitra A samayanuM jaina maMdironuM bhitticitra-Alekhana vizeSa karIne amadAvAda ane suratamAM thayeluM jovA maLe che. suratamAM zAhaporanA pazcima cheDA para ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanuM kalAtmaka derAsara che. ema manAya che ke soLamI sadI pahelAM katAragAma javAnA mArga upara ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanuM kalAtmaka maMdira hatuM. mughalanA samayamAM A maMdira naSTa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ane enA avazeSomAMthI mirajhA sAmInI masjida bAMdhavAmAM AvI hatI. mirajhA sAmanI masjida I. sa. 1540 mAM baMdhAyelI hoI e pachI A maMdirano uddhAra thayo haze evI aTakaLa karI zakAya. e majida baMdhAyA agAu A maMdire eno uttama kAla joyo haze. A maMdiramAM mUlanAyakanI pratiSThA vi. saM. 1701 (I. sa. 1645)mAM zrI vRddhisAgarasUrinA zubha haste karavAmAM AvI hatI. A maMdiranI dIvAlamAM ane thAMbhalAomAM je citra che temAMnI vezabhUSA uparathI temaja yaMtro vAhane ojAro hathiyAro ane vAjiMtro uparathI kahI zakAya ke A maMdiranuM lAkaDA paranuM citrakAma marAThA samayamAM karavAmAM AvyuM haze, jyAre surata baMdaranI Arthika jAhojalAlI amadAvAda karatAM paNa vizeSa hatI. A maMdira uttarAbhimukha che ane emAM praveza karavA mATe mukhya pravezadvAranI galImAMthI pazcima dizAnA raMgadvAramAMthI maMdiranA raMgamaMDapamAM praveza

Page #406
12 muM ] citra saMgIta ane nRtya [ 383 karI zakAya che. praveza karatAMnI sAthe maMdiranuM lAkaDA paranuM suMdara citrakAma ane nakazIkAma ApaNA citta upara dhAryo prabhAva pADe che. zipIo ane citrakAroe kalAtmaka sarjananI tIvra spardhA karI hoya evo bhAsa thAya che. bArIka kotarakAma ane manoramya citrakAmathI alaMkRta kula 40 jeTalA staMbha A maMdiramAM AvelA che. raMgamaMDapa lAkaDAnI kalAtmaka bAra thAMbhalIo upara Tekavela che. raMgamaMDapanA staMbhamAM je citra AlekhAyelAM che temAM nartake vAdako cAmaradhArIo chaDIdhArIo ane bhAvika zrAvakonuM Alekhana karavAmAM AveluM che. A staMbhonA bhArapaTTomAM je citro che temAM zrIpALa-mayaNAsuMdarI caritra, RSabhadeva bhagavAnanA jIvanaprasaMgo, dazArNabhadra rAjAnuM gavakhaMDana, tIrthaMkara neminAthanA jIvanaprasaMga, mahAvIra svAmInuM samavasaraNa, dipakumArIo ane saMgIta-nRtyamAM masta evA vAdako ane gAyake temaja nartakonAM vRdanuM Alekhana karavAmAM AveluM che. raMgamaMDapanA eka ekaThAmAM lAkaDAnA ghummaTamAM deva-devIonA rAsanuM suMdara citra che. AkhuM citra gatimAM hoya ema jaNAya che. maMdiramAM je paTacitro che temAM zatruMjayatIrthanA paTanuM Alekhana atyaMta suMdara ane bhAvavAhI rIte karavAmAM AveluM che. dIvAlamAM je rAjasavArInAM ane utsavonAM citra che te uparathI e samayanI Arthika ane sAmAjika samRddhine khyAla Ave che. puruSapAtronI marAThA pAghaDIonA namUnA paNa nedhavA jevA che. strIonI vezabhUSA tema alaMkaraNo paNa janAranuM dhyAna kheMce che. pazupaMkhIonA AlekhanamAM citrakAre bhAre kauzala dAkhavyuM che. jahAMgIranA samayano vikhyAta citrakAra ustAda majUranAM prANIcinuM smaraNa karAve tevAM A citra che. raMga ane rekhAne abhuta samanvaya citrakAre ahIMnAM bhitticitronA AlekhanamAM sAdhyo che. gujarAtanI A samayanI citrakalAno utkRSTa namUne suratanuM ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanuM maMdira pUruM pADe che. A samayamAM amadAvAdanAM jaina maMdironuM lAkaDA paranuM ketarakAma ane citrakAma ulekhapAtra che, jemAM jhaverIvADa vAghaNapoLamAM zrI ajitanAthanuM maMdira ane zekhanA pADAnuM vAsupUjya svAmInuM maMdira mukhya gaNAvI zakAya. hiMdu maMdiranAM bhitticitra marAThA samayamAM maMdiranuM navuM bAMdhakAma bahu ochuM karavAmAM AvyuM che, paNa zreSThIo ane nAgarika taraphathI khaMDita thayelAM maMdironA jIrNoddhAranuM kAma vizeSa hAtha dharavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. jIrNoddhAra karAvatI vakhate kyAreka prAcIna maMdiranI dIvAlamAM citra paNa AlekhavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. gAMdhIjI

Page #407
marAThA kaG 384]. [ . nagara jillAnA sekhaDA gAme vaijanAtha mahAdevanA maMdiranI bhIMtamAM rAmayaNamAMthI kathAprasaMge laIne citrAnuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. eka citramAM rAmanI samakSa lAMbI pUMchaDIvALA hanumAnanuM Alekhana karavAmAM Avela che. A citramAM AgaLa rAma, vacamAM jAnakI ane pAchaLa lakSmaNa jovA maLe che. rAma ane sItAnI vezabhUSA rAjapUta che, paNa lakSmaNane marAThI leze ApaNuM dhyAna kheMce te che (juo AkRti 54). A maMdiramAM govardhanadhArI bhagavAna zrIkRSNanuM citra paNa che. zrI kRSNanI vezabhUSA rAjapUta che. emanI AsapAsa je govALo gAya sAthe UbhA che teone paheraveza gujarAtanA gAmaDI bharavADane che. rAjamahelanAM bhitticitra A samayanAM rAjamahelamAM AlekhavAmAM AvelAM bhitticitromAM kacchabhUjamAM Avela rAozrI lakhapatajIne AyanA mahela ane aMjAramAM Avela mekarDonA baMgalAnAM citra vizeSa ullekha pAtra che. bhUjana AyanA mahelamAM rAjavIonAM vyaktigata citra ane rAja savArInAM temaja rAjadarabAranAM dazya paNa che. A citro paikI AyanA mahelanuM mahArAjAdhirAja mirajhA mahArAuthI rAyadhaNajInuM citra ahIM prasiddha karavAmAM AvyuM che (juo AkRti pa5). A citramAM rAjamahelanuM sthApatya jovA maLe che. kalAtmaka gAlIcA upara takiyAne aDhelIne beThelA mahArAuzrI rAyadhaNajInI pratibhA jenArane AMjI de tevI che. sane 1818 mAM aMjAramAM mekarDIe pitAne be mALano baMgale baMdhAveluM. A baMgalAnI madhya khaMDanI dIvAle eNe citrothI alaMkRta karAvelI. citronA viSe khAsa karIne rAma-rAvaNa yuddha, azoka vATikAmAM sItA, laMkA dahana, govardhanadhArI kRSNa, kAna-gopI, hastiyuddha, zikAra ItyAdi cheka (hastiyuddha mATe juo AkRti pa6). A citramAM laMkAdahana citra paNa vizeSa ullekhanIya che. rathamAM daza mAthAvALe rAvaNa batAvela che. citranI uparanI bAjue rAmanuM vAnarasainya batAveluM che (juo AkRti pa7). A citronuM mUlyAMkana karatAM zrI rAmasiMhajI rAThoDa nedhe che : "savAso varSa pahelAMnAM raMgadazI bhIMtacitra te vakhatanI lalitakalAne accho citAra Ape che. Aje paNa e citra eTalAM ja AkarSaka ne tAjA raMgelAM hoya evAM dekhAya che."

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12 muM | citra saMgIta ane nRtya [385 marAThA samayanI gujarAtI citrakalA mughala citrakalAnI sarakhAmaNImAM kaMIka ochA nUravALI jaNAya che. jaina ane jainetara pothIomAM je puruSa ane strIpAtronuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che temAM sapramANatA jovA maLatI nathI. pothI citro karatAM jainamaMdironAM bhitticitra kalAkasabamAM vadhu samRddha che ema kahI zakAya. A samayamAM gujarAtanI laghucitrakalAnAM vaLatAM pANI jevA maLe che. Ama chatAM je kaMI citro prApta che te uparathI e samayanI Arthika sAmAjika dhArmika ane rAjakIya paristhitine ApaNane khyAla Ave che. saMgItakalA gujarAtamAM saMgItakalAne protsAhana ApI ene vikasAvavAmAM vaiSNava zAkta ane jaina dharma mahattvano phALo Apyo che. gujarAtanA rAjavIoe paNa gAyaka vAdake ane nartakane rAjyAzraya ApI A kalAne ghaNuM protsAhana ApyuM che. madhyakAlamAM thayelA nAmI anAmI saMta sAdhuo bharatharIo kathAkAro mANabhado ane bhajanikoe paNa saMgItakalA dvArA samAjane cetanavaMto rAkhyo che. eka sarvasAmAnya khyAla evo pravarte che ke gujarAtI prajA zAstrIya saMgIta para bahu ruci dharAvatI nathI, paraMtu gujarAtano sAMskRtika itihAsa tapAsatAM A khyAla khaTo paDe che. uttara hiMdustAnI saMgIta paddhatimAM je rAga-rAgiNIonAM nAma pracAramAM che temAM paNa gujarAtanI bhaugolika pradezavAcaka saMjJAo jaLavAI rahelI jovA maLe che. dA. ta. mAru-gurjara, gurjarI, maMgala-gujarI, bhala gujarI, mAla gujarI, gurjarI toDI, bilAvala, bilAvalI, AzAvarI, khaMbhAvatI, soraTha vagere. bilAvalano saMbaMdha belAkula-verAvaLa sAthe ane AzAvarIno saMbaMdha AzAvala sAthe keTalAka joDe che. prasiddha lekavAyakA pramANe kedAra rAga e junAgaDhanA narasiMha mahetAnuM pradAna che. tAnasenanA putra bilAsakhAMe "bilAsakhAM kI teDI"nI racanA amadAvAdamAM karI hovAnuM manAya che. gujarAtamAM ItihAsanA ugama-kAlathI saMgItanuM mahattva lekajIvanamAM svIkArAyeluM jovA maLe che. amadAvAda jillAnA dhoLakA tAlukAnA lethala gAmanA TIMbAmAMthI harappA saMskRtinA je avazeSa prApta thayA che temAM eka taMtuvAghana avazeSa maLe che. vedakAlamAM gujarAtamAM saMgItanI paraMparA kevI haze tenA cokkasa purAvA ApaNI pAse nathI, paraMtu narmadA kinAre bharukaccha I7-25

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286 ] marAThA kAla [pra. cANoda karanALImAM tathA saurASTramAM sAmagAna karanArA je brAhmaNa Aje che te uparathI kahI zakAya ke teonI sAmagAnanI je kauTuMbika paraMparA che tenuM mULa vedakAla jeTaluM prAcIna hoI zake ! hamaNAM sudhI saurASTramAM paDadharImAM zAstrI revAzaMkara hayAta hatA, jeo sAmAna vaidika paraMparA pramANe karI zakatA. sAmagAnanA niSNAta tarIke temanI khyAti bhAratabharamAM prasarelI hatI. paurANika samayamAM dvArakAmAM yAdonA nivAsasthAnamAM "chAlika" saMgIta gavAtuM hovAno ullekha harivaMza purANamAMthI prApta thAya che. mahAbhAratanA vanaparvamAM kRSNa kahe che ke sAtvanA humalAne sAvadhAnIthI sAmane karavA mATe vRSNi aMdhaka vagere surApAna karavAnuM choDI daI hoziyAra thaIne rahyA ane naTanartakagAyaka Anartone bahAra mokalI dIdhA. e uparathI yAdothI bhinna evA mULa dezavAsIo Anarte te To nake ke gAyaka tarIke jANItA hevAnuM saMbhave che. ItihAsakAlamAM AvIe chIe tyAre gujarAtano dastAvejI ItihAsa mauryakAlathI zarU thAya che. mauryakAlamAM gujarAtamAM kevuM saMgIta pracAramAM haze enA purAvA ApaNI pAse nathI. kSatrapAlamAM AvIe chIe tyAre rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA giranAranA zilAlekhamAM ene gAMdharvavidyA eTale saMgItavidyAmAM niSNAta tarIke oLakhAvyo che. maitrakakAlIna gujarAtamAM dAhodanI najIka Avela bAghaguphAnAM citranA eka dazyamAM nartakanI AsapAsa sAta vAdaka strIo UbhelI jovA maLe che. A sAta strIo paikI ekanA hAthamAM mRdaMga, bIjI traNanA hAthamAM tAla mATenA dAMDiyA ane bAkInI traNa strIonA hAthamAM maMjIrAM che. solaMkIkAlamAM gujarAtamAM saMgIta nRtya ane nATyakalAnI bhAre pratiSThA thaI hatI. A samayamAM je nATaka maMdiromAM bhajavAtAM hatAM temAM saMgItane chUTathI upayoga karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. saMgIta upara A samayanA rAjavIoe ane emanA Azrita kavioe svataMtra graMtha racyA che. solaMkIvaMzanA rAjavI ajayapAla ane semarAjadeve "saMgItaranAvalI" nAmano graMtha lakhyo hato. A samayamAM rAjazekharanA ziSya sudhAkalaze "saMgItapaniSada" nAmane saMgItavidyAne graMtha racyo hato, je Aje upalabdha nathI, paraMtu emaNe IsavIsana 1350 mAM A graMtha uparathI "saMgItapaniSatkAra" nAmane je bIjo graMtha lakhyo te upalabdha che. A graMthanI prazastimAM sudhAkalaza pitAnA pUrvasUri naracaMdrane "sacchAasaMgItabhUta' tarIke oLakhAve che. A uparathI kahI zakAya ke gujarAtanA naracaMdra ga7mAM saMgItanI paraMparA hatI.

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12 muM ]. citra saMgIta ane nRtya [ 387 solaMkIkALamAM aneka jaina vaiSNava zaiva ane zakti maMdiromAM utsava UjavAtA hatA ane e vakhate nATake ane nRtyo paNa emAM rajU thatAM hatAM, jenA ullekha samakAlIna sAhityamAMthI prApta thAya che. cUDAsamAonA samayamAM eTale ke IsavI sana 475 thI 1470 sudhI jUnAgaDha e saurASTranuM saMgIta ane - saMskRtinuM vikhyAta keMdra hatuM. kheMgAra trIjo ane mAMDalika trIjo e baMne rAjavI saMgItanA niSNAta ane AzrayadAtA hatA.10 solaMkIkAlamAM gujarAta mAM je maMdira bAMdhavAmAM AvyAM tenAM zipamAM vividha aMgabhaMgIo sAthe -nartake ane vAdako jovA maLe che. salatanatakAlamAM AvIe chIe tyAre gujarAtamAM zaktinI upAsanA tarIke bhavAI ne vikAsa thayela jovA maLe che. bhavAI e gujarAtanuM saMgItamaTayuM lekanRtya-nATaya che. paraMparA pramANe bhavAInA vezonI racanA asAIte karelI manAya che. A asAItanA 'haMsAuli' kAvyanI hastaprata bho. je. vidyAbhavanamAM che.11 haMsAuline samaya saMvata 14ra7 eTale ke IsavI sana 1371 manAya che. A uparathI aTakaLa karI zakAya ke asAIta caudamA saikAnI chelI traNa paccIsIomAM thayo haze. bhavAImAM bhUMgaLa e agatyanuM ane anivArya vAgha che. bhUMgaLa vinA bhavAI thAya nahIM. muMbaI gejheTiyaranA jaNAvyA pramANe bhUMgaLa e gurjaronuM vAdya che. 12 samagra bhAratanAM vAghomAM A ekamAtra vAgha evuM che ke jenAthI svara ane tAla jALavI zakAya. bhavAImAM mukhya vAdyo vize "rAmadeva nA vezamAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che : pakhAjI Ubho premasu, ravAjI manamoDa, tAlagara ToLe maLyA, bhUMgaLiyA be joDa, bhaMgaLiyA be jeDa ke AgaLa raMgale Ubhe rahyo, iNI rIte asAIta ocare have rAmade ramato thayo. 13 A uparathI kahI zakAya ke pakhavAja kAMsIjoDAM ane bhUMgaLa e bhavAInAM mukhya vAgha hatAM. bhavAInA judA judA vezamAM aneka lokagIto lagnagIte chaMde duhAo ane phaTANuM gavAtAM. bhavAInAM gItAmAM je rAga gavAtA temAM mADha paraja sehanI deza soraTha prabhAta AzAvarI kAlIgaDe bIlAvala mevADe lalita bhairava bharavI. ItyAdi mukhya che. je Ide gavAya che temAM kuMDaLiyA ane savaiyA mukhya che. kavitA ukhANA ane duhAonI to emAM bhAre ramajhaTa jovA maLe che. bhavAInI rajuAta aneka prakAranA ziSTa ane kasaMgIta sAthe evI bhAvavAhI rIte karavAmAM Ave che ke prekSakone rasataraboLa

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388 ] marAThA kAla karI de che. bhavAInI rajuAta-paraMparA cheka aDhAramA saikA sudhI jaLavAI rahI hatI ane emAM aneka navA veza paNa umerAyA che. saMgItanAM vAghomAM pakhavAjanI jagyAe tabalAM AvyAM che ane sAraMgInA sthAne hArmoniyama AvyuM che. A madhura nRtyageya prekSaNakanI paraMparA jaLavAI na rahetAM emAM samaya jatAM aneka vikRtio pravezI gaI ane pariNAme enA pratye rasa ke rUci pedA thavAne badale eka prakAranI sUga UbhI thaI. mughalakAlIna gujarAtamAM zAstrIya saMgItanA je nAmAMkita gAyako ane vAdaka thaI gayA temAM cAMpAnerane paMDita baiju tathA vaDanagaranI be vaiSNava kanyAo tAnA ane rIrInAM nAma vizeSa ullekhapAtra che. cAMpAnerane saMgItakAra baija nAgara hato ane vRMdAvananA vikhyAta saMgItAcaya haridAsane paTTaziSya hato. baijanAthe gvAliyaranA rAjA mAnasiMhanI saMgItazALAmAM tAlIma laIne tyAM adhyApana-kAya paNa karyuM hatuM. mAnasiMhanA mArgadarzana nIce chupada gAyakIne eNe sAre vikAsa karyo hato. eNe "saMgIta okudazA" nAmano graMtha paNa ra che. A uparAMta "rAga sAgara" nAmano kAvya-prakAra racyo hato, jemAM aneka rAga-rAgiNIonI samaja je te rAga-rAgiNI dvArA ja ApavAmAM AvelI che. mughalakAlamAM A samaye vaDanagara vidyA ane kalAnuM moTuM kendra hatuM. pracalita anuzruti pramANe akabaranA darabArI gAyaka tAnasene dIpaka rAga gAyo ane enA zarIramAM asahya dAha zarU thayo. A dAha jo keI saMgItane jANakAra "mahAra' rAga gAya te ja zame evI hatI. AvA gAyakanI zodhamAM tAnasena dilhIthI nIkaLyo hato, jyAM uttara gujarAtamAM Avela vRddhanagara-vaDanagaranI be nAgara kanyAo "tAnA" ane "rIrI e mahAra gAIne enA dAhanuM zamana karyuM hatuM. A baMne kanyAonI gAyakInI halakathI tAnasena, khUba prasanna thayo hato ane akabara samakSa teonI khUba prazaMsA karI hatI. akabare A baMne kanyAone dilhI AvavAnuM AmaMtraNa ApyuM, jeno teoe asvIkAra karyo hovAthI tenA upara julma gujAravAmAM Avyo ane pariNAme teoe Atmavilepanane bhAga lIdho. mughalakAlamAM gujarAtamAM je kAgaLanI pithInI citrakalAno vikAsa thaye tenAM citramAM paNa gAyake vAdake ane nartake jovA maLe che. A samayanAM maMdiromAM je bhitticitra AlekhavAmAM AvyAM temAM paNa rAjasavArI utsava ke varagheDAnAM dazyomAM aneka vAdake nartake ane gAyakanuM Alekhana kareluM jovA maLe che. A samayanI citrakalAmAM saMgItanAM je vAdya jovA maLe che temAM

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12 suM] citra saMgIta ane nRtya [ 389 bherI bhUMgaLa mRdaMga pakhavAja durI nagAru DhAla DhAlakI khaMjarI maMjIrA vINA tAra zaraNuAI vAMsaLI pAvA tyAdinuM Alekhana jovA maLe che, mughalAnI sattA nAza pAmatAM gujarAtamAM lalitakalAne! vikAsa rUMdhAI gayA. marAThA saradArA sattAnI sAmArImAM kalAkArAne rAjyAzraya ApI pretsAhana ApI zakayA nahI. Ama chatAM gujarAta saurASTramAM je nAnAM nAnAM rAjya hatAM temAM gAyA vAdA nI ane bhATa-cAraNAne rAjyAzraya ApI pretsAhana ApavAnI prathA cAlu rahI hatI. sattaramA saikAmAM jAmanagaranA jAma chatrasAla rAjavInA Azrita kavi zrIka The ' rasakaumudI ' nAmane saMgItanA graMtha lakhyA hatA. 14 marAThA samayamAM jaina ane hiMdu dAnI bhIMtA upara je citra AlekhavAmAM AvyAM che temAM gAyaka vAdaka ane nakanA samUha jovA maLe che. ahI je vAdya AlekhavAmAM AvyAM che te paNa bhAratIya paraMparA pramANe avanadu ta Mtu suSira ane dhana prakAranAM che. avanadda vAdyomAM pakhavAja mRdagaDhela DholakI nagAruM khaMjarI Da| teAbata duMdubhi jhalarI narahyAM ityAdite samAveza thAya, jyAre taMtuvAdya prakAramAM ekatArA taMbUrA taMbUrI vINA ane enA vividha prakAra, sAraMgI jaMtara mukhacaMga ane rAvaNahaththA ityAdinA samAveza thAya. suSira vAdyomAM bhUMgaLa bherI raNazIMgu kaThavAsa zIMgI zaMkha vAMsaLAM veNu pAve| bIna ityAdi samAveza thAya ane dhanavAdyomAM maMjIrA kAMsIjoDAM karatAla jhAMjha mANu jhAlara paTapaTI dAMDI meTAghUgharA ityAdinA samAveza thAya che. marAThA kAla daramiyAna gujarAtamAM saMgIta-par`parA vaiSNava madeizamAM ane jaina maMdizamAM jaLavAI rahI hatI. vaiSNava madirAmAM bhagavAna zrIkRSNanI ArAdhanA mATe savAra bapera ane sAMjanA judA judA rAgAmAM pado dhamAga "ane dhrupada sAja saMgIta sAthe gavAtAM. A saMgIta pAchaLathI 'havelI sa MgIta ' tarIke khUba pratiSThA pAmyuM che. jaina maMdizamAM tIrthaMkara bhagavAnanI bhAvanA thatI. bhAvanA moTe bhAge bheAjakA gavaDAvatA, bhAvanAmAM tyAga ane tapapradhAna rAsA paNa gavAtA, zaktinA cAcaramAM ke gAmanI bhAgoLe ' bhavAI ' ramavAnI paraMparA A samayamAM paNuM jaLavAI rahI hatI. Ama marAThAonI sattA daramyAna rAjakIya aMdhAdhUMdhInA divaseAmAM dhArmika saMgIta e prajAnA jIvananuM zraddhAsthAna hatuM aneka mANabhaTTo kathAkArI

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29 ] marAThA kAla [ pra.. bhajanike ane rAvaNa haththo laIne pharanArA bharatharIo pitAnI kalA dvArA gujarAtanI cUMjhAyelI prajAnuM caitanya TakAvI rAkhatA hatA. nRtyakalA marAThA samayamAM gujarAtamAM je nRtyaprakAra pracAramAM hatA te paikI rAsa: garabe garabI ane bhavAI mukhya hatAM. gujarAtamAM nRtyanI paraMparA paurANika kAla jeTalI prAcIna che tema sAhityika purAvAo parathI kahI zakAya. purANa kAlamAM gujarAtane eka bhAga Anarta tarIke oLakhAto hato. paurANika vRttAMta pramANe zAyatone rAjya-pradeza. AnartanA nAme prasiddha hatuM, jenI rAjadhAnI kuzasthalI hatI. itihAsanA AraMbhakALamAM A nAma taLa gujarAtanA, khAsa karIne uttara gujarAtanA alaga pradera mATe vaparAtuM hatuM. AjanuM mahesANA jillAmAM kherAlu tAlukAmAM Avela vaDanagara-AnaMdapura-Anartapura e A pradezanuM pATanagara hovAnuM manAya che. "Anarta" zabdanI vyutpatti aMge vidvAnomAM matabheda che. umAzaMkara jozIe karelI aTakaLa pramANe Anarta zabdano saMbaMdha nRtya sAthe che. e bhUmimAMthI gujarAtane moTI saMkhyAmAM naTa-natake ane gAyake maLyA che. 14amedinIkoza pramANe "Anarta" zabdane eka artha nRtyazALA paNa thAya che. 15" vaLI bRhatsaMhitAmAM jaNAvyA pramANe siMdhu-sarasvatInA pradeza ane surASTramAM naTa-nartakonuM prAdhAnya hatuM, 16 je umAzaMkara jozInI aTakaLanuM samarthana kare che. sAraMgadeva "saMgItaratnAkaranA sAtamA nartanAdhyAyamAM nRtyanA prakAra varNavatAM lAsya vize kahe che : lAsya nRtya sau prathama pArvatIe bANAsuranI putrI uSAne zIkhavyuM. A bANAsuranI kanyAe zrIkRSNanA pautra aniruddha sAthe lagna karyuM ane dvArakA AvI dvArakAnI strIone lAsya nRtya zIkhavyuM, je dvArakAnI strIoe saurASTra dezanI strIone zIkhavyuM ane saurASTra dezanI strIoe vividha janapadanI strIone zIkhavyuM. A rIte paraMparAthI prApta thayeluM lAsyanRtya lekamAM pratiSThA pAmyuM.17 lAsya prasAranI A vAta sAraMgadeva pachI cAra varSa bAda thayelA kavi zrIkaMThe emanI "rasakaumudI'mAM karI che. kavi zrIkaMTha jAmanagaranA rAjavI jAma chatrasAlanA Azrita hatA. A kavi judA judA pradezanI strIonI nRtyakuzaLatA varNavatAM eka sthaLe gurjarI nadInI lAyanatyanI kuzaLatAne uttama prakAranI kahe che : 18

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12 muM ] citra saMgIta ane nRtya [ 291 nAnAyuktimanoharA kila naTI lAsyottamA gurjrii| gujarAta saurASTramAM lAsya-nRtyanA prasAranI eka bIjI paraMparA arjuna sAthe saMkaLAyelI che, jeno ullekha mahAbhArata, haripAladeva-racita " saMgIta sudhAkara ane sudhAkalaza racita "saMgIta paniSatkAramAM jovA maLe che. chellI be kRti pragaTa thayelI nathI. A uparAMta puNenI bhAMDArakara oriyenTala risarca InsTiTayUTamAM "nATaya sarvasvadIpikAnI je hastaprata che temAM paNa A prakArane ullekha jovA maLe che.19 lAsya nRtyanAM keTalAMka aMga gujarAtanA rAsa garabAmAM jaLavAyAM hovAnuM manAya che. rAsa ane garabo e gujarAtanA samUhanRtyanI bhAratabharanAM prAdezika samUhanRtyamAM AgavI vizeSatA che. atihAsika rIte tapAsIe te "pAsa"nI paraM. para gujarAtanA lokajIvanamAM gopajIvana sAthe saMkaLAyelI che ane ene saMbaMdha bhagavAna zrIkRSNa sAthe joDavAmAM Avela che. rAsa e bhakti ane bhAva sAthe abhinaya saha maMDalAkAre ramAtI saMgItamaDhI madhura racanA che. zAstrIya lakSaNe pramANe naToe jemane gaLe hAtha mUkyo che tevI nartakIo paraspara hAthamAM hAtha laIne vasulamAM nRtya kare tene rAsa kahevAya. A rAsa prAcInakALamAM rAsakama ke hallIsakama tarIke oLakhAto hate. AcArya hemacaMdra hallIzaka ane rAsakane eka ja prakAra tarIke varNave che. * nATayazAstranA TIkAkAra abhinavagupta halIzaka ane rAsakane nATayanA uparUpaka tarIke oLakhAve che. 21 pracalita anuzruti pramANe gujarAtanA Adi kavi narasiMha mahetAe gopanAtha mahAdevanA anugrahathI zrIkRSNanI rAsalIlA najaronajare nihALI hatI. A prasaMganuM varNana emaNe pitAnA "rAsasahastrapadI nAM pademAM bhAvapUrvaka karyuM che. zAradAtanaya enA "bhAvaprakAzarae "mAM rAsakanA traNa prakAra varNave che : (1) latA-rAsaka (2) daMDa-rAsaka ane (3) maMDala-rAsaka A paikI latA-rAsaka te je rAsamAM strI-puruSa latAnI jema paraspara vIMTAIne rAsa rame te, daMDarAsaka eTale dAMDiyA vaDe ramAto rAsa ane maMDala-rAsa eTale tALI laIne maMDaLa AkAre ramAtuM rAsa. zrI ke. kA. zAstrI "saptakSetri rAsa"nA AdhAre be jAtanA rAsanuM varNana kare che : eka tAlArAsa ane bIje lakuTArAsa. A tAlArAsa ane lakaTArAsa e rAsanRtyanA bheda che ke jemAM pahelAmAM pharate kuMDALe mAtra tALI. othI tAla ApI saMgItapUrvaka paganA ThekA sAthe pharavAmAM Ave che, jyAre

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292 ] marAThA kAla [ a. bIjAmAM babbe dAMDiyAthI e ja pramANe karavAmAM Ave che. prathama prakArane atyAre marada letA hoya te "hIMca" ane strIo letI hoya to "hamacI" kahevAmAM Ave che. keTalIka vAra hIMca strIo ane puruSo sAthe paNa letAM hoya che. A rAsa sAthe saMkaLAyela gujarAtanuM bIjuM kapriya samUhanRtta te garabe" che. " garabA ne saMbaMdha tamiLa bhASAmAM "rAsa 'nA eka paryAya tarIke jANItA vada TaTTa sAthe vadhu saMgata che. mATInA nAnA chidrovALA ghaDAmAM dI mUkI ene mAthe mUkIne, yA vacita vacce mUkIne, yA to moTe bhAge UMce nIce pharatAM aneka cADAMone cheDe koDiyAM mUkI evA dIvAvALI mAMDaNIne pharate goLa goLa ghUmatAM garavI gujarAtaNe jIvanane amUlya lahAvo mANe che. "rAsa 'nI jema ja "garabA ane saMbaMdha paNa vaiSNava saMpradAya sAthe joDAyeluM jovAmAM Avyo che, narasiMha mahetAnA racelA traNa garabA maLyA che temAM eka garabAmAM "garabe rame gekulanAtha" zabda jovA maLe che. pachIthI zAkta saMpradAyanA kavioe ene Aso mAsamAM navarAtranA utsavamAM rAte mAtAnI prazastimAM vikasAvyo che. sattaramI sadInA uttarArdhamAM bhANudAse ekotera jeTalA garabA racI vikrama sAdhI Apyo che. pachI te vallabha dhoLA ane bIjA zAkta bhaktoe sArI saMkhyAmAM garabA racI ApyA che. lothalanA avazeSAmAMthI maLatAM mRtpAtromAM sachidra pAtra mahedo ane "harapA nI jemaja maLe che te "garabA" prakAranAM pAtronA avazeSa haze ke nahi e kahI na zakAya, paraMtu karNATakanA suvA ghara nRttavizeSane yAda karIe te siddharAjanI mAtA mayaNallA A prakAre karNATakathI lAvI hoya te e saMgata thaI paDe ema che. narasiMha mahete "garabe rame gokulanAtha' kahIne kaI jUnI paraMparA Apane lAge ja che. "garabA" zabdane saM. 1malI sAthe prakArasAmya dvArA ekAtmaka kahevAne samaya have rahyo nathI. e kharuM che ke bhANadAse ' gaganamaMDaLanI gAgaraDI guNa garabI re, eNi rami bhavAnI rAsa gAuM guNa garabI remAM AkAzane gAgaraDI nuM rUpaka ApI "garabI' sAthe ekAtmakatA nirUpI che, je e samaye sacchidra "ghaDA nA garabAvRtta prakAramAMnA upaganI pratIti karAve che. ga" zabda saMskRtIya nathI, paNa "halIzaka" je koI sthAnika zabda saM.mAM svIkArAya tema e tamiLa zabda "yuvagaravI garabI"

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12 su ] citra sa'gIta ane nRtya [ 393 dvArA prathama strIliMga ' garIbI * tarIke ane puliMge ' garama ' tarIke gujarAtamAM pracalita thayA evA ke, kA. zAstrInA abhiprAya vadhu svAbhAvikatA ape che.22 ema manAya che ke gujarAtI garabAne leAkapriya banAvavA bhakta vallabha mevADAe dhapAtra pradAna karyu che, e bahucarAjIneA parama bhakta hateA ane amadAvAdaneA vatanI hatA. 6 "" garabAmAMthI garabInA janma thayeA. gujarAtamAM garakhI vaiSNava ane zAkta saMpradAyanuM poSaNa meLavI vikAsa pAmI che, madhyakAlIna gujarAtamAM thaI gayelA aneka kaviee ' garamI 'nI racanA karI che. A kaviemAM prItamadAsa rUdhanAthadAsa raNacheDa bhakta thAbhaNa premAnaMda brahmAna da dayArAma mukhya che, jemAM dayArAmanI garabIe gujarAtI sAhityanuM ghareNuM manAya che. bhavAInA vezamAM pazu bhavAInI zarUAta karatAM pahelAM bhavaiyAe bhUMgaLanA tAla ane sUra sAthe mAtAjInI bhaktirUpe garabIe gAya che. garabI 'nI samaja ApanAM Do. majulAla majamUdAra kahe che : " lAMbA vanAtmaka garabAenI sarakhAmaNImAM 'garabI ' e ekadhArI, TUMkI ane bhAvanApradhAna racanA che; vaLI Umi gItanu tattva paNa emAM vadhAre hAya che. dareka garakhI vicAra, bhAva ane prasaMgamAM sapUrNa kAvya che. sAneTa kavita ke evA ja kAI saMskRta muktakanI jema, ekeeka garamI e ekeeka prasaMganuM pUrepUruM varNana ApanAra kAvya che; ane te saMgasaMpUrNa che. thADAmAM theArDa zabde je sacATa bhAvanA jagADe, jene raNakAra kAnamAMthI khase nahIM, jemAM zabdanI vadha ke ghaTa sahana karI zakAya nahI evI mIThI padAvalI te garakhI."23 gujarAtaNunA hRdayanI Umi enI chalaka garabIemAM bhArAbhAra vyakta thayelI jovA maLe che. madhyakAlanA aneka nAmI ate anAmI kavie A sarala racanA upara hAtha ajamAvIne sAdAmAM sAdI bhASAmAM gujarAtaNanA gUDhamAM gUDha maneAbhAveAne vAcA ApI che. A kAraNathI ja 'garabI ' e gujarAtaNanuM atyaMta lADaluM sAhitya ane kalAnu svarUpa banI ' gai che. ' madhyaDhAlanA gujarAtanA samAja-jIvanamAM 'bhavAI ' mAnabharyu gauravapU sthAna dharAvatI hatI. bhavAI e gujarAtanA lokanRtya-nATane saMgItamaDhayo bhAvavAhI upa-rUpaka prakAra che. nATaya ane nananA A uparUpakane je bArIkAIthI abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave te emAM nATayazAstranI ghaNI paraMparAe jaLavAyelI jovA maLaze. ' bhavAI' zabdanI vyutpatti vize judA judA vidvAnA vividha matamatAMtara

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294 ] marAThA kAla [ pra. dharAve che. keTalAka vidvAne "bhava + AI uparathI ziva ane pArvatInuM kathAnaka jemAM Ave che te "bhavAI,' te vaLI keTalAka "bhavanI vahI " eTale ke saMsAranA jamA-udhArane paDe eTale "bhavAI" ema vyutpatti kare che. che. rasikalAla parIkha "bhavAI ne saMbaMdha "bhAvana" sAthe joDe che ane kahe che : "jema "gujarAta" zabdanI vyutpatti carcAspada che tema "bhavAI" zabdanI paNa che, chatAM AvA bIjA zabdo gujarAtImAM che. rasoI ane tene karanAra rasoIe, gavAI ane tene karanAra gave, ItyAdi, tema bhavAI ane tene karanAra te bhayo. rasoInA barAbara arthamAM nahI, paNa "svAda Ape evuM' e arthamAM "rAsana" zabda saMskRtamAM che. gAyana ane gAna zabdo te jANItA che. A sadazyathI bhavAI mATe bhAvana zabda ghaTe." 24 bhavAInA vezonI racanA jema asAIte karI che tema mAMDaNe paNa karI che. kaMdAjhUlaNanA vezamAM gaMdo tejAM vANiyANIne kahe che: mAMDana nAeke bhAvana joDIo, belaNA becAra, kIrata jhaMdA tejalI re, pikI samuMdara pAra.25 nAyako pAse bhavAIvezenA je likhita cepaDA che temAM paNa bhAvanabIjuM, AbunA dhaNInuM bhAvana, dvArakAne dhaNInuM bhAvana, DhelAnuM bhAvana vagere ullekha maLe che. 26 bhavAI ane bhAvanane saMbaMdha samajAvatAM che. rasikalAla parIkha kahe che- bhavAI-bhAvanane saMbaMdha kevaLa zabdagata nathI, vastugata paNa che : cAcara tahAM jAtara bhalI, jota taNI jagamaga, ghaNAeka guNIjana ramI gayA, tahAMnA paganI raja, sakaLa sabhA te beThI bhalI sau zAkta(bhakta) dAsa, bhAve bhavAI sAMbhaLe tenI aMbA pUre Asa, sakaLa sabhA te beThI bhalI, saunI duramata hare, asAIta mukhathI ocare, have rAmade ramata kare. arthAta bhavAI e aMbA mAtAnA cAcaramAM thatuM bhAvana che, bhaktine prakAra che. 27 keTalAka tarkakuzaLa vidvAne e "bhAva" uparathI 'bhAvapati" eTale ke nATakane sUtradhAra arthAta navI sRSTi utpanna karanAra ane enAthI "bhAvaka ane emAMthI

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12 muM 1 citra saMgIta ane nRtya | 395 bhavAI'nI vyutpatti zodhavA prayAsa karyo che, je bhASAzAstranI dRSTie sAva kAlpanika pAyA vinAne taka che. keTalAka vidvAno uttarapradezamAM kRSNakathA rajU karanAra bahuvaiyA sAthe bhavaiyAne saMbaMdha joDavA prayAsa kare che, je ghaNe avAstavika che. kAcA ke pAkA nATayagRhanI paravA karyA vinA hAjara rahelA prekSako sAthe sIdho saMbaMdha joDIne gAmanA cokamAM ke mAtAnA cAcaramAM ramAtuM saMgIta ane abhinayamaryuM geya prekSaNaka te "bhavAI" che. bhavAInA vezonI racanA madhyakAlanA kavi asAIta ThAkare karI hovAnI paraMparAgata mAnyatA che; jo ke bhavAInA ullekha asAita karatAM prAcIna che. asAItano samaya lagabhaga I. sa. 1320 thI I. sa. 1390 ne mAnavAmAM Ave che. asAItanA jIvananI aitihAsika vigato prApta nathI. emaNe vi. saM. 14ra7 mAM raceluM haMsAuli kAvya ApaNI pAse mejUda che. bhavAI karanArA bhavaiyA bhavAInI zarUAtamAM asAItane aMjali ApatAM gAya che . ThAkara zAkhe yajurvedI audIcya siddhapura-nagara-nivAsa, brAhmaNa bhAradvAja gotranA asAIta bhUmAM prakhyAta, UMjhA gAme paTela hemALAnI putrI gaMgA guNavaMta, ziyaLa rakSavA zAha-sabhAmAM bheLA jamIne rAkhyo raMga, jamatAM e ThAkarathI UpajI nAyaka-taragALAnI jJAta, traNaso sATha bhavAI-veze racI ArAdhI aMbAmAta. asAIta ThAkare bhavAInA traNa sATha veza racIne aMbAmAnI ArAdhanA karI hovAnI paraMparAgata mAnyatA che. bhavAInA 360 vezomAMthI Aje mAtra sATha ke pAMsaTha jeTalA veza ja prApya che. A vezonA sAmAnya rIte dhArmika etihAsika tathA sAmAjika evA prakAra pADI zakAya, te keTalAka veza bahu ja ochA gadya(saMvAdo)vALI, mAtra nRtyapradhAna athavA aMgakasaratanA temaja jAdu samatelana-zakti tathA hastakauzalanI bIjI karAmata dekhADI adbhuta rasa jagADatA khela dekhADe che. 28 bhavAInA vezamAM gujarAtI samAjanI dezIvidezI badhI komone samAveza thAya che. muslima pAtrovALA vezamAM miyAM jaNa, chelabaTAu, paThANa-bAmaNI, miyAMbIbI, lAlajI-maNiyAra vagere mukhya che. rAjapUta pAtrAvALA vezamAM rAjA degama, vIke risodiyA, TeMDA rAjapUta, rAmadeva, ja zamA oDaNa vagere vezone gaNAvI zakAya. vividha komonI. khAsiyate darzAvanAra vezamAM vaNajharAno veza, kaMsArAne veza, bhoI-purabiyAnA

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396 ] marAThA kAla. [pra. veza, sarANiyAne veza, mahiyAraNano veza, vAgharIne veza vagerene gaNAvI zakAya. bhavAImAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA bhAtIgaLa samAjanuM citra UpasI Ave che. bhavAInI zarUAta gaNapatinA vezathI thAya che. A pachI eka haLavA veza rajU karyA pachI kasadAra-jhamakadAra veza rajU karavAmAM Ave che. bhavAInA vezanuM ekeeka pAtra bhUMgaLanA tAle nRtya karatuM karatuM piDhamAM praveze che. vezanI rajUAta karatI vakhate dareka pAtra gIta nRtya ane abhinayano triveNI saMgama sAdhe che. bhavAIne judA judA vezenI rajUAtamAM kyAreka nRtya, kyAreka saMvAda, kayAreka abhiya, te vaLI kyAreka mAtra aMgakasarata upara bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che. nRtya nATaya ane saMgItanI kalAne bhavAI bhajavanArA bahu kuzaLatApUrvaka vaNIne prekSaka samudAya samakSa dhArI asara upajAvatA hoya che. bhavAI e gujarAtanuM lekanATaya ke lekanRtya e saMzodhanano viSaya che. A bAbatanI carcA karatAM sudhAbahena desAI kahe che: "bhAIne nATayaprayoga kahevo ke nRtyaprayoga kahe e bAbata vicAramAM nAkhI de tevI che. e baMneya tattva bhavAImAM atyaMta kuzaLatAthI gUMthAyelAM che. "bhavAI"nA nRtyane e viSayanA keI cakhaliyA abhyAsI kadAca nRtya tarIke svIkAravAnI nA pADaze, paraMtu "bhavAI"nA nRtyane samajavA mATe lekanRtyanI khUbI samajavI paDaze. bhavAI mAM nRtyane nRtya tarIke ja sthAna nathI maLyuM, paraMtu je kaMI kahevAnuM che te sacoTa rIte kahevAnA sAdhana tarIke ja nRtyano paNa emAM uga thayo che. tAla ane layanA baMdhanamAM rahI, kathaka jevA mAgIya nRtyanI pArzvabhUmikA rAkhI bhavaiyA nAce che, paraMtu e nAca kAMIka viziSTa prakAranA che. saMvAdamAMthI bhAvane vadhAre spaSTa ane utkaTa svarUpa ApavuM hoya tyAre pAtro te bhAvane vaza thaI nAcI UThe che. 29 bhavAInA vezomAM je pAtra nRtyanAM pagalAM bhare che tene kaMIka saMbaMdha kathaka nRtya zailI sAthe che. kamanasIbI e che ke paraMparA jaLavAI na rahetAM A lekanAtha ke lekanRtyamAMthI koI ziSTa nRtyazailIno janma thaI zakyo nahi. bhavAInA vezonAM judAM judAM pAtra je rIte aMga-upAMgenA abhinaya kare che temAM bhAratanA nATayazAstranI paraMparA jANe ke ajANye jaLavAyelI jovA maLe che. gujarAtanAM maMdironAM zilpamAM ke laghucitrazailInI hastaprata mAM nRtyanI je aMgabhaMgIo jovA maLe che tene bhavAInA nRtyanI sAthe aMgabhaMgIono abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave te gujarAtanI tyazailI vize ghaNuM ghaNuM jANI zakAya.

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12 muM ] citra saMgIta ane nRtya [ 397 marAThA samayamAM Ama gujarAtamAM rAsa garabe garabI ane bhavAI lokanRtyanAM svarUpa tarIke pracAramAM hatAM. rAjakIya UthalapAthala ane Arthika barabAdIne kAraNe gujarAtI prajA jyAre ghera hatAzAne anubhava karatI hatI tyAre enAmAM dhArmika cetanya TakAvI rAkhavAnuM sevAkArya A lakatyanAM svarUpae karyuM che ema belAzaka kahI zakAya. pAdaTIpa 1. vAsudeva smA, "ciMtAmaNi pAzvanAtha', "kumAra', pu. para, pR. 100 2. I. I. desAI, "sUrata sonAnI mUrata', pR. 34 3-4. rAmasiMha rAThoDa, "kacchanuM saMskRti darzana', pR. 184 5. amubhAI dozI, "bhAratIya saMgItano vikAsa', pR. 220 6. umAzaMkara jozI, "purANamAM gujarAta', pR. 40 7. gi. va. AcArya, gujarAtanA atihAsika lekha", bhAga 1, pR. 11 8. ha. gaM. zAstrI, "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta', pR. 2, pR. 683 9. bho. ja. sAMDesarA, "ItihAsa ane sAhitya', pR. 21 10. amubhAI dezI, uparyukta, pR. 221 11. "haMsAuli' kAvyanuM saMpAdana pro. ke. kA. zAstrIe karyuM che ane enuM prakAzana gujarAta vidyAsabhAe karyuM che. 12 Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. IX, part I, p. 481 13. mahIpatarAma rUparAma, "bhavAI saMgraha', pR. 183 14. A pustakanI saMgItanI vigato uttara hiMdustAnI saMgIta karatAM dakSiNa hiMdustAnI saMgItanI paddhatine anusarIne savizeSa ApavAmAM AvelI che, tethI ema manAya che ke enA racayitA mULa dakSiNa bhAratanA haze ane emaNe jAmanagaranA rAjavIne tyAM rAjyAzraya prApta karyo haze. 14. umAzaMkara jozI, uparyukta, pR. 41 15. vinIkoza, zabda, 32-22 16. bRhatasaMhitA, 26-22 17. saMtaranAka . 4, adhyAya 7, Ro. 6-8 18. maM. 2. majamudAra, "gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo', pR. 514 19. ejana, pR. 515-16 14 juo bhAgavata, 10. 33.2 paranI TIkA 20. hemacandrAcArya, dezInAmamAlA, 8-62 21. nATyazAstra, velyuma 1, pR. 181 (gA. o. si.) 21. zaRvAtanaya, movaURI, 06

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:38 ] marAThA kAla 21A. ke. kA. zAstrI, ApaNA kavio, khaDa 1, pR. 151 22. ke. kA. zAstrI, 'paTTa-garamA-garakhI ' buddhiprakAza, pu. 127, pR. 21-24 23. ejana, pR. 543 24. rasikalAla che. parIkha, ' AkAzabhASita ', pR. 268 25. mahIpatarAma rUparAma, uparyuCkta, pR. 6pa [ pari 26. Sudha Desai, Bhavai, p. 4 27. Ibid., p. 269 28. sudhA desAI, 'bhavAI-gujarAtanu` leAkanATaya', "gujarAtI sAhityanA itiGAsa ", gaM. 1, pR. 712 29. ejata, pR. 715

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pariziSTa arvAcIna muMbaIne AraMbhika vikAsamAM gujarAtIone phALe hAla bhAratanA agragaNya zahera ane baMdara tarIke nAmanA dharAvatA arvAcIna muMbaIno vikAsa chellA traNa saikAo daramyAna thayela che. e vikAsamAM jema sarakAra pakSe IsTa InDiyA kaMpanIno tathA briTiza sarakArano tema prajApakSe gujarAtanA sAhasika vepArIone tathA udyogapatione vipula phALe rahele che. ahIM gujarAtIonA phALAnA AraMbhika tabakkAnI samIkSA karIe. porTugalanA rAjAe 1661 mAM potAnI kuMvarI IMglenDanA rAjA cArlsa 2 jAne paraNAvI tyAre muMbaIne TApu ene paherAmaNImAM vaMzaparaMparAgata rIte ApavAnuM jAhera kareluM, paraMtu rAjA cArlsane ene kabaje mahAmahenate cheka 1665 mAM maLyo. emAM mAhIma kasabAne samAveza na thatAM eno kabaje lazkarI baLathI meLavavo paDelo. e vakhate muMbaInA TApumAM malabAra hila ane hAlanA borIbaMdarathI ziva(sIma) sudhIno samAveza thate. kelAbA, mAhIma ane varalInA TApu alaga hatA. rAjA cArlsanA ejanToe phiraMgIonA samayanA pArasI derAbajI nAnAbhAIne sthAnika keLIo ane mAchImAre aMgenA kArabhArI tarIke ne dIvanA pArasI rUpajI dhanajInA vArasone kaMpanI sarakAranA modI tarIke cAlu rAkhyA. tyAM keTaluM bAMdhI suratanA vepArIo ane kArIgarone teDAvyA, suratanA mughala sUbAthI svataMtra rIte sIdho vepAra zarU karyo ne khristI dharmanA preTesTaMTa paMthane protsAhana ApavA mAMDayuM, AthI teone suratanA mughala sUbA tathA kaMpanInA keThInA amaladAro sAthe temaja kethalika paMthanA sthAnika phiraMgI rahevAsIo sAthe saMgharSa thayo. vaLI e TApuo para tyAre vepAranI khilavaNI thayelI nahotI enA nibhAva tathA vikAsa mATe ghaNuM kharca karavuM paDe ema hatuM, AthI rAjAe kaMTALIne e TApu 1668 mAM IsTa InDiyA kaMpanIne vArSika dasa pAunDanA najIvA bhADAthI kAyama mATe ApI dIdho. kaMpanIne suratanI keThIne pramukha have muMbaInA TApune gavarnara gaNAyo.* pahelA gavarnara ekasanDane suratanA pArasI modI harajI vAchA, jemaNe 16 67 mAM muMbaImAM vasavATa karele, temane kalyANa mokalI muMbaImAM kArIgara

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400 ]. marAThA kAla [ pari vasAvyA. bIjA gavarnara jeraTha jiyare (16 19-77) arvAcIna muMbaInA vikAsanAM pagaraNa karyo ne suratathI gujarAtI vaNikane temaja Armeniyana vepArIone teDAvI tyAM vasAvyA.meMdI hIrajIe pArasIo mATe malabAra hila upara dakhamuM tathA agiyArI ane koTamAM daremehara baMdhAvyAM (I. sa.1670 ) ne pArasIone muMbaImAM vasavA pratsAhana maLyuM. emanA vaMzajoe IsTa inDiyA kaMpanIne sarasAmAna pUro pADavAne vyavasAya cAlu rAkhyo. suratanA vaNikanA mahAjane 1671 mAM muMbaImAM vasavA javAnuM jokhama kheDatAM pahelAM amuka hakonI mAgaNI karI te kaMpanIe mAnya karI. dIvanA zeTha nImA pArekhane muMbaImAM vasavATa karavA preratuM hakanAmuM karI ApyuM (1677 ). kaMpanInA surata khAtenA dalAla bhImajI pArekhe muMbaImAM ghara bAMdhavAnI maMjUrI meLavI. * muMbaImAMnAM sthApita hitonA saMrakSaNa mATe kaMpanIne 1687 mAM suratanuM vaDuM mathaka muMbaImAM khaseDavAnI pharaja paDI. jaMjIrAnA sIdI yAkubakhAne muMbaI para hale karI DuMgarI kille kabaje karyo (1692) tyAre derAbAnA dIkarA rustamajIe sthAnika keLIo ane mAchImAronI TukaDI UbhI karI kaMpanIne kille pAcho meLavI Ape ne enI kadara tarIke kaMpanI sarakAre emane teonA vArasAgata " paTela ane hodo enAyata karyo ne emane sthAnika keLIo tathA mAchImAronA vaDA nImyA.11 muMbaI, mAhIma ane varalI vaccenI khADIo pUravA mATe suratathI seMkaDo majura teDAvavAmAM AvyA. A kAma 1728 sudhI cAlyuM. muMbaInu baMdara khIlatAM tyAMnI sarakAra suratanA pArasIone gujarAtanA sAganAM vahANuM bAMdhavAnI varadI ApavA lAgI. suratanA "mAsTara biDara " zeTha dhanajIbhAInA mistrI lavajI nasaravAnajI vADiyAnI kAbeliyata joI emane ceDA kAbela suthAro sAthe muMbaI teDAvyA (1753). emaNe tyAM vahANa bAMdhavAnI godIo bAMdhI (1714-1760).13 teo vahANe mATe navasArIthI lAkaDuM maMgAvatA, luhArIkAma suratanA luhAre pAse ane saDhanA vaNATanuM kAma vaNakara pAse karAvatA. vaNakara surata, amadAvAda, dhULakA vagere sthaLethI AvatA. lavajInAM vahANa ane laDAyaka jahAja ghaNAM caDiyAtAM ane majabUta gaNAtAM. lavajI vADiyAnA kuTuMbe cha peDhIo lagI vyavasAya 1885 sudhI cAlu rAkhele 14 "vADiyA" eTale vahANa bAMdhanAra mukhya zi9pI ("mAsTara-bilDara '). IMglenDa janAra pahelA hiMdI suratanA navazejajI rustama zenA(mR. 1732). e muMbaImAM kAyamI vasavATa karIne tyAM pahelI "pArasI paMcAyata" sthApI

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zaSTa ] arvAcIna muMbaInA Ar'bhika vikAsamAM... [ 401 . hatI. navarAjajI hAla 'emanI yAdagIrI che.15 emanA putra mANekajI ( mR. 1748 ) muMbaImAM rahI dezadezAvaramAM moTA vepAra kheDatA. ' mANekajI zeThanI vADI ' emaNe baMdhAvelI.16 muMbaImAM pArasIonI vastI dhaNI vadhavAthI tyAM marahUma zeTha mANekajI navarAjajI zeThanAnA nAme khIjuM dekhamu baMdhAyu ( 1756 ). 17 zeThe kAvasajI rustamajI paTele 1776 mAM mATuM taLAva baMdhAvyu, 18 te ' sI, pI. TaeNnka' tarIke oLakhAyu. saurASTra tatha! kacchanA vepArIo paNa have muMbaI AvI vasavA lAgyA hatA. saurASTranA vepArIo tathA pArasIe mATe bhAge kATanI aMdara vasatA, jyAre taLa-gujarAtanA ane kacchanA vepArIe kATa bahAra mAMDavI kAlabAdevI vagere lattAomAM vasatA. e vakhate makAna lAkaDAnAM ane ghaNAMkharAM eka majalAnAM hatAM. 19 muMbaInA vepAra-udyoganA vikAsamAM gujarAtanA pArasIene phALA agra gaNya hatA. capaLatA caturAI dhagaza viveka ane milanasAra svabhAvane lIdhe teo vepArI vargomAM temaja a MgrejomAM leAkapriya nIvaDavA, navasArInA hIrajI jIvaNajI reDImanIe 17pa6 mAM cIna jaI vepAranu navu kSetra khAlyu. 20 sattaramI sadInA a Mte navI IsTa inDiyA kaMpanIne iMglaeNnDanA rAgya taraphathI cAra maLatAM jUnI IsTa inDiyA kaMpanI para Aphata AvelI, paraMtu 1708 mAM e e pratispa` ka MpanIonuM ekIkaraNa sadhAyuM. yunAITeDa IsTa inDiyA kaMpanIne jarUrI sAmAna pUrA pADavAneA konTrAkaTa suratanA jIjIbhAI jamazedajI meAdIne maLelo.21 teo 17:8 mAM mRtyu pAmyA pachI emanA putra mANekajI( mR. 1773)sAMbhALatA.22 suratanA pArasIemAM medI kuTuMba khAnadAna gaNAya che. e kuTuMbanA vaDA * dAvara ' tarIke oLakhAtA.23 zeTha dAdIbhAI teAzaravAnajIe 1776 mAM muMbaImAM rUnI gAMsaDI dAkhavAtA pahelavahelA * baMdhAvyA. apolo sTrITamAM badhAyelo e skrU 'dAdI * ' tarIDhe eLakhAteA.24 zeTha lavajI nazaravAnajI vADiyA sAthe suratathI AvelA kAvasajI hIrajI gAMdhIe( mR. 1778 ) jUnA mArkeTamAM gAMdhInI dukAna kADhelI.25 kAvasajI kharazedajI jImedI(mR. 1779 ) ane emanA va...zajo 'kAmisarieTa ' tathA . , 6 ' haoNspiTala 'mAM temaja khAnagI vaidyone sadhaLI jAtanI a MgrejI tathA dezI davA tathA vanaspati pUrAM pADatA hatA temaja moTA pAyA para ghAsanA dhaMdhA calAvatA i-7-2}

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402 ] marAThA kAla [ para ne sarakArane joItuM ghAsa pUruM pADatA.24 1779 mAM pANInA DuMgara upara dekhamuM baMdhAyuM. 27 zeTha mANekajI manacera(mR. 1780) ane emanA vaMzaja muMbaInA sarakArI tapakhAnA mATe bArUta banAvavAnuM kArakhAnuM calAvatA.28 1780mAM rustamajI kerazAspajIe aMgrejImAM "kelenDara " chApavAnI pahela karI.29 edalajI pharAmajI zeThanA (mR. 1783) IsTa InDiyA kaMpanInA amaladArane vepAra karavA nANAM dhIratA 30 bhIkhAjI baherAmajI pAMDe (mR. 183) muMbaInA aMgreja bajAramAM prAmANika dukAnadAra tarIke khyAti dharAvatA.31 zeTha manaceraLa jIvaNa reDImanI muMbaInA eka nAmIcA vepArI vahANavaTI ane jAgIradAra hatA. teo navasArInA vatanI hatA ne muMbaI AvI cIna sAthe bahoLo vepAra kheDatA hatA. copATImAM AvelI emanI vADImAM eka alAyadu dekhamuM baMdhAyuM hatuM (1786 ).32 zeTha dAdAbhAI jamazedajI(mR. 1792)nA dIkarAoe muMbaImAM "baherAmajI dAdAbhAInI kaMpanI " nAme dukAna rAkhI meTA pAyA para rojagAra calAve.33 1794 mAM zeTha haramajajI bahamanajI vADiyAe parelamAM "sITI bAga" baMdhAvyuM, jene lavajI kesala" paNa kahe che. 34 cIna sAthe vepAra karanAra pahelA pArasI muMbaInA hIrajI jIvaNajI reDImanI 1794 mAM mRtyu pAmyA.5 1797 mAM muMbaImAM jarastI bALakane kaMda-avastA zIkhavavAnI nizALa zeTha dAdIbhAI nazaravAnajIe sthApI temaja IrAnathI AvatA jarathostIonA utArA mATe khAsa jagA rAkhI. emaNe vAlakezvaranA pitAnA raheThANamAM dakhamuM baMdhAvyuM (1798). teo muMbaInA eka mAtabara vepArI vahANavaTI ane jAgIradAra hatA. IMglenDathI AvatAM vepArI vahANenI AData tathA cIna sAthe meTa vepAra calAvatA hatA. teo 1799 mAM mRtyu pAmyA.8 navasArInA mANekajI navarojajI(mR. 1801)e muMbaImAM vasI tamAkune IjAro rAkhele. teo cIna sAthe vepAra karatA. temaNe pitAnA tathA pitAnA cha bhAIonAM kuTuMbanA vasavATa mATe korTamAM cAlI baMdhAvI hatI, te 'mAkA tabakanI piLa" tarIke oLakhAtI. 39 1803 mAM keTanA bajAramAM meTI bhayaMkara Aga lAgI tethI lagabhaga piNuM bajAra ane eka hajAra jeTalAM raheThANa baLI gayAM. zeTha navareja sorAbajIe pitAnI koTamAMnI havelI sarakArI amaladArone rahevA ApI.* A Aga zApanA lebAsamAM varadAna samI nIvaDI ne muMbaImAM punarvasavATanuM

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raziSTa 1 arvAcIna muMbaInA AraMbhika vikAsamAM... | 403 vyavasthita AyeAjana thaI zakyuM. pArasIeAnAM dhaNAM kuTu kha caMdanavADI jaI vasyAM. muMbaIne sAlaseTa sAthe joDatA U McA rastA paNa A arasAmAM pUrA thayA. suratathI ahIM AvI vaselA baherAmajI jIjIbhAI chApagare (mR. 1804) khAe karIara 'nA mAlikane pahelavahelAM gujarAtI akSarAnAM bIbAM karI ApyAM hatAM.41 dArAbajI rustamajI paTela( mR. 1804) baMgALA cIna tathA kharmo sAthe vepAra karatA te sarakArAne bheTa pUrI pADavAnA konTrAkaTa saMbhALatA. teo surata bharUca ja khusara vagere sthaLAethI rU magAvI mubaInA khArAmAM paheAMcatu karatA ne majhagAMvanI ganapAuDara phaeNkTarI 'te sadhaLI cIjo pUrI pADatA. .42 muMbaInI geAdImAM zeTha pharAmajI mANekajI vADiyA ane zeTha jamazedajI ahamanajI vADiyA * mAsTara-bilDara ' hatA. ' 6 ** muMbaInA jAhera samAra bheAmAM temaja phaM DaphALA bharavAmAM pArasI zrIma te agrima sthAna dharAvatA. 1812 mAM bharUcanA meAe pharadunajI marajhaJAnajIe muMbaImAM pahelavaheluM gujarAtI chApakhAnuM zarU karyu., 1814 mAM emAM pahelavahelu gujarAtI paMcAMga nIkaLyu te 1822 mAM e chApakhAnAmAMthI muMbaInA zamAcAra ' nAme vartamAnapatra kADhayuM,43 je muMbaInAM temaja guja rAtanAM gujarAtI vartamAnapatrAmAM sahuthI jUnuM che. A chApakhAnAmAM jatheAstI dharmagraMthAnA gujarAtI anuvAda paNa chapAyA. 6 zrI ' gaNadevIthI AvelA dAdAbhAI jIjIbhAI UnavAlA (mR. 1815) dahANunAM jaMgaleAmAM imAratI lAkaDAM maMgAvI enA mATeA vepAra calAvatA te IsTa inDiyA kaM panIne imAratI lAkaDAM pUrAM pADatA.44 muMbaImAM rUnA vepAranI khilavaNI karanAra pahelA gRhastha paNa pArasI * hatA. e hatA navasArInA zeTha jamazedajI jIjIbhAI, emaNe nAnI vaye muMbaI AvI, rAjakIya azAMtinA divaseAmAM musIbata veThI vepAra mATe cInanI aneka vAra saphara karelI te pachI ADatiyAo mAraphate cIna inDaneziyA hiMdI-cIna iMglaeNnDa vagere dezA sAthe meATA pAyA para vepAra kheDele te e theADAM varSomAM aDhaLaka dolata kamAyelA. emaNe muMbaImAM sAjainika dharmAMzALAe kUvA ane aneka rastA baMdhAvelA. muMbaImAM pAMjarApALa tathA DisTrikaTa binevalanTa sAsAyaTI sthApavAmAM emaNe agrima bhAga lIdhA hatA. keMDI, elphinsTana kaoNleja, davAkhAnuM, grAnTa meDikala koleja, kheDa oNpha ejyukezana, TrAnsalezana pheDa, vImA ka MpanIe, neTiva skUla, buka eNnDa skUla seAsAyaTI, bombe neTiva

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marAThA kAla 404]. [ pari. ejyukezana sosAyaTI, eNgrikalcarala eNnDa horTikalcarala sosAyaTI, vartamAnapatro, cembara opha komarsa, vikaToriyA myujhiyama eNnDa gArDansa vagere anekavidha saMsthAo ane pravRttiomAM e sakriya pratsAhana ApatA. mAhIma ane vAMdarA vaccenI khADI parano meTa pUla (1841), sara jamazedajI jIjIbhAI haoNspiTala (1845) ane sara jamazedajI jIjIbhAI skUla oNpha ArTa eNnDa inDasTrI (1857) e emanAM ciraMjIva smAraka che. emaNe karelI udAra sakhAvatonI kadararUpe sarakAre emane "sara" tathA "beneTa'nA khitAba ApelA. teo 1859 mAM mRtyu pAmyA tyAre muMbaInI samasta prajAne mahatvanA mevaDInI kheTa paDI hatI. muMbaInA TAuna holamAM emanuM bAvaluM mukAyuM. " A daramyAna jAme jamazeda, muMbaI vartamAna, muMbaI durabIna, samAcAra darpaNa ane pArasI paMca jevAM aneka vartamAnapatra nIkaLyAM hatAM, gujarAtIaMgrejI DikazanerI chapAI hatI ne pArasI nATaka maMDaLI sthapAI hatI. kAgaLa banAvavAnuM kArakhAnuM sthApavAmAM paNa gujarAtI pArasIo mokhare hatA.46 mANekajI nazaravAnajI pITITe (mR. 1859 ) kalAbAne dariyo pUrI tyAM UbhI karelI navI jamIna para aneka makAna tathA kArakhAnAM kADhelAM. muMbaInA AraMbhika vikAsamAM gujarAtanAM aneka hiMdu kuTuMbone paNa gaNanApAtra phALo rahelo che. dIvanA kALa jJAtinA rUpajI dhanajInA kuTuMbanA zeTha varajIvanadAsa mAdhavadAse mAdhavabAganuM prasiddha maMdira baMdhAvyuM. sara harakisanadAsa narottamadAse muMbaImAM Arogya-bhavana, kapoLa hospiTala ane kapALa-nivAsa jevI ImArate baMdhAvI, ne sara maMgaLadAsa naTubhAIe meTI maMgaLadAsa mArkeTa baMdhAvI, be yunAITeDa mila sthApI mila-udyogane vikAsa karyo ne hajAra majurane rojInuM kSetra pUruM pADavuM temaja keLavaNInA urojana mATe skela zipane prabaMdha karyo.47 khaMbhAtathI muMbaI AvelA ozavALa jJAtinA zrI amIcaMde jhaverAtano dhaMdho kare. emanA putra motIcaMda urphe motIzA vahANavaTAmAM saphaLatA meLavI aphINanA vepAramAM puSkaLa paise kamAyA hatA. emaNe keTamAM hoLI cakalAmAM ane pAyadhunI para goDIjInAM maMdira baMdhAvyAM. vaLI bhAyakhalA pula pAse vizALa jamIna kharIdI tyAM moTuM jaina maMdira baMdhAvyuM. jaina samAje emane zeTha" nI padavI ApelI. muMbaImAM lUlAMlaMgaDA hera mATe UbhI karelI pAMjarApoLa e emanuM mahattvanuM smAraka che.48 zera bajAranA siMha gaNAtA khaMbhAtanA zeTha maNilAla jugaladAsanI jAhera sevAonI kadara karI sarakAre

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ziSTa ] ' arvAcIna muMbaInA AraMbhaka vikAsamAM. [405 emane "je. pI." ane "kesare hiMda"nA khitAba ApelA. amadAvAdanA zeTha haThIsiMha kesarIsiMha aphINanA vepAramAM emanI sAthe gADha saMbaMdha dharAvatA.49 emanI muMbaImAM zAkhAo hatI. kacchathI paNa vaNikanAM kuTuMba muMbaI AvI vasyAM. emAM zivajI neNazI, narasI nAthA, kezavajI nAyaka, velajI mAlu, bhImazI ratanazI, ghelAbhAI padamazI, bhAramala parabata, pUnathI devajI vagere dasA ozavALAnAM tathA kezavajI jAdavajI, gokuladAsa tejapALa, jIvarAja bAbu, mAdhavajI dharamazI vagere bhATiyAenAM kuTuMba mukhya hatAM." vahANavaTAmAM tathA dhIradhAramAM kacchanA sodAgara nAmAMkita hatA. kacchanA zeThazrI zivajI neNazIe puSkaLa dravya kamAI parajAumAM bhavya maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM.51 karachanA zeTha narazI nAthAe khAreka bajAramAM anaMtanAthanuM derAsara baMdhAvyuM hatuM.52 zeTha ghelAbhAI padamazIe eka mila UbhI karI hatI.53 rUnA vepAramAM kachIo sArI phAvaTa dharAvatA. bhATiyA jJAtinA zeTha "kezukAkA (kezavajI jAdavajI)nA kuTuMbanA vallabhadAsa zeThe kaTamAM bhATiyA hAIskUla ne tAradevamAM bhATiyA ispitAla kADhI.54 gokuladAsa mAdhavajIe mile kADhI hajAra mANasone rojI ApI hatI. emanA putra mathuradAsa gokuladAse peDhInI AMTa khUba vadhArI hatI. teo "resanA rAjA" kahevAtA.55 sana 1850 sudhI videza sAthe vepAra meTAM vahANo bhAraphate cAlate. AgaboTa ane AgagADInAM sAdhana tyAre nahotAM. jAmanagaranA zrI mULajI jeThAe muMbaImAM AvI, vepAra karI ghaNuM kamAI, mULajI jeThA mArkeTa baMdhAvI kApaDanA vepArane uttejana ApyuM. zrI tArAcaMda motIcaMda cInAI saurASTrathI AvI ahIM vasyA hatA. I. sa. 1800 nA arasAmAM khaMbhAtanA bhAImiyAM vepAra mATe muMbaI gayA. emanA pautra badaruddIna taiyabajI nAmAMkita che. 1845 mAM baeNbe sTIma nevigezana kaMpanI sthapAI, tenA ghaNuM DirekaTara gujarAtI hatA. suratanA bhImajI jIvaNajIe 1846 mAM muMbaI jaI hADavaidanAM davAkhAnAM zarU karyA. 1851 mAM zeTha kAvasajI nAnAbhAI dAvare muMbaImAM kApaDanI pahelI mila kADhI. suratanA zeTha premacaMda rAyacaMde zerabajAramAM bhAre kamANI karI 1858 mAM bee rekalemezana kaMpanI sthApI ane AgaLa jatAM kalAbA-muMbaI vaccenI khADI pUrI. muMbaImAM komarziyala markanTAIla ane eziyATika beke UbhI karI, ane muMbaI yunivarsiTI mATe

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406 ] marAThA kAla [ pari e lAkha rUpiyAnI udAra sakhAvata karI enA graMthAlayanuM makAna tathA potAnAM mAtuzrInA nAme rAjamAI TAvara (1878) aMdhAvyuM....pa6 kAlAkhA-muM baInI khADI purAtAM have kAlAkhAthI cageTa sudhInI relave karI zakAI (1873). muMbaImAM gaeNsanA dIvA ane yaMtra vaDe kUvAmAMthI pANI kADhavAnI pahela ekapArasI gRhasthe majhagAMvamAM karelI, 6 , 1860 mAM maeNmse yunATeDa mitra ane raeNAyala mila kADhanAra paNa gujarAtI hatA.pa7 1864 mAM mahArANI vikaToriyAnuM sapheda sagemaramaratu' bAvalu vaDeAdarAnA mahArAjA khaMDerAva gAyakavADe 1864 mAM taiyAra karAvI ApeluM.pa8 khurazedajI pharadunajI pArekhe iMglaeNnDamAM phuvArA taiyAra karAvI 1862 mAM caCgeTa para zarU karAvyA, je leArA phAunTana ' tarIke jANItA che. muMbaImAM zikSaNasaMsthAenI zarUAta gujarAtIee karI hatI pahelavahelI prAthamika zALA zeTha zrI geAkuladAsa tejapAle mAMDavI lattAmAM zarU karI hatI. 1870 mAM emaNe muMbaImAM dheAkhI taLAva pAse sRspitAla baMdhAvI. kolAbAmAM cAlatA rUnA moTA vepAranI zarUAta kacchI prajAe karelI. rUnA nAmAMkita vepArI zeSa zrI kezavajI nAyake moTI rakama kharacI phuvArA baMdhAvI myunisipAliTIne suparata karelA, 59 royala eziyATika sAsAyaTInI mAe brAncane zeSazrI DhAvasajI jahAMgIre tathA premacaMda rAyacaMde dhaNI Arthika madada karelI. e saMsthAnI sazodhana- pravRttiomAM jUnAgaDhanA bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIne phALA gaNanApAtra che, zeThazrI mayAbhAI hemAbhAI amadAvAdanA esavALa jJAtinA nagarazeTha hemAbhAI vakhatacaMdanA putra hatA. emaNe giragAma beMka roDa para 'cAInA khAga ' baMdhAvye hato. sar kAvasajI jahAMgIre muMbaImAM milA kADhI ane kAvasajI jahAMgIra hAla ' baMdhAvyA. 6 ' " 19 mI sadInA Akhara bhAgamAM AgATa AgagADI vagere jhaDapI vyavahArasAdhanA thavAthI muMbaInA vepAra-rAjagAramAM abhivRddhi thaI. muMbaImAM mAMDavI latto vepAranuM moTuM mathaka hatA. kacchI vepArIonA mukhya vasavATa e lattAmAM hatA. vANiyA bhATiyA luhANA khAjA memaNu vArA vagere vepArI kAmo paNa e latto pasaMda karatI. te rAjagAra e samaye dasA ezavALAnA hAthamAM. hatA. kariyANA vagerenI dukAnadArI vIsA ozavALa karatA. telIbiyAMnA dhAMdhAmAM.. luhANA mAkhare hatA. khAjAe AphrikA vagere sAthe AyAtanikAsa karatA, memA tathA vArAo glAsavera kaTalarI ni`cara vagerenA rAjagAra karatA.6 1

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ziSTa ] arvAcIna muMbaInA AraMbhika vikAsamAM... To | gujarAta-saurASTranA vepArIonI pasaMdagI kAlabAdevI-pAyadhunI AsapAsa nA mahollAo para UtarI hatI. emAM kApaDa ane sUtara uparAMta jhaverAta zarAphI vachiyAnI vAsaNo vagerene lagatA dhaMdhA paNa karatA. ozavALa jJAtinA zeTha vasanajI trIkamajIe InsTiTayUTa opha sAyansa lAIbrerIne rUpiyA savA be lAkhanI rakama ApelI ne enI kadara karI sarakAre emane "sarano ilakAba Apyo hato. kacachane zrI velajIbhAI lakhamazI varSo sudhI grena marcanTa eso. ziyananuM pramukhapada saMbhALatA. sarakAre emane je. pI.no khitAba Apyo hato. luhANa jJAtinA caMdA rAmajInA TrasTa phaMDamAMthI chokarIonI hAIskUla cAlatI hatI ne karamajI dAmajInA putroe bAbulanAtha pAse seneToriyama bAMdhyuM che. porabaMdaranA bhATiyA jJAtinA zrI morArajI gokuladAsa muMbaImAM vasIne moTA zAha sodAgara ane milaudyoganA agraNI thayA ne sI. AI. I.no ilakAba pAmyA. emaNe solApura mila ane morArajI gokuladAsa mila kADhI. mahAbaLezvarane khIlavavAmAM emano moTo phALo hato. zeThazrI ThAkarazI mULajI paNa saurASTrathI AvelA. khojA kemanA Ahamada habIbe pAvA galImAM pitAnA marahUma bhAI khAnamahamadanA nAme skUla khelI. memaNa komanA sAbu sIdIke khAMDano vepAra vikasAbe ne kanaka pula pAse hajavALAo mATe moTuM musApharakhAnuM baMdhAvyuM, ane hAjI kAsame kaccha-saurASTranA musApharo mATe AgaboTanI sarvisa calAvI. evI rIte verA jJAtinA AdamajI pIrabhAIe canazeDa sTezana sAme verAo mATe moTuM musApharakhAnuM baMdhAvyuM. 20 mI sadI daramyAna paNa gujarAtIoe muMbaInA uttarottara vikAsamAM mahattvano phALo Ape che ne 196mAM bRhad muMbaI rAjyanuM dvibhAgIkaraNa thatAM muMbaI mahArASTra rAjyanA vahIvaTa nIce mukAyuM te pachI paNa tyAMnA vepAra-udyogamAM tathA dhaMdhArojagAramAM hajAro gujarAtIo sakriya bhAga letA rahyA che ne tyAM lAkho gujarAtIo vase che. e gujarAtI kuTuMbanA sAmAjika jIvananI nirALI lAkSaNikatA che. gujarAtanI sAhityika ane sAMskRtika pravRttiomAM muMbaInA gujarAtIonuM pradAna eka Avazyaka aMga samAna gaNAya che. pAdaTIpa 2. S. M. Edwardes, The Rise of Bombay-a Retrospect, pp. 89 ff. 2. prAcIna kALamAM vaLI muMbaInA TApunI jagyAe traNa alaga TApu hatA. muMbaIne TApu uttare pAyadhunI sudhI ja hato, enI uttare majhagAMvathI gheDupadeva sudhIne alaga

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408 ] marAThA kAla [ pari TApu hato ne e TApunI uttare parela zevaDI vaDAlA ziva vagere vistArane alaga TApu hato. samaya jatAM vaccenI khADIo purAI jatAM A traNa TApuo joDAI jaI eka banI gayA. evI rIte nIcalA kolAbAne nAno TApu pahelAM alaga hatA te samaya jatAM upalA kolAbAnA moTA TApu sAthe joDAI gaye. TolemInI "bhUgoLa (2 jI sadI)mAM AthI A TApuone "hapta-nesiyA" (sapta-dvIpa) kahyA che. sAlaseTa(chAsaTha)ne TApu mAhImanI khADInI uttare Avela alaga moTo TApu hatA, je uttare vasaInI khADI sudhI vistRta hato. bhaugolika rIte A badhA TApuone samAveza uttara koMkaNamAM thAya che, jene agAu "aparAMta" kahetA hatA. A pradezamAM prAcIna kALamAM kramaza: magadhanA mauryo, sAtavAhane AbhIro ane saiphUTakAnuM zAsana pravarteluM. borIvalI pAsenA kaherI(kRSNagiri)mAM bIjI sadImAM hInayAnanI ane pAMcamI sadImAM mahAyAnanI bauddha guphAo kaMDArAI hatI. chaThThI sadImAM tyAM maurya kulane eka sthAnika vaMza sattArUDha thayo hato. enI rAjadhAnI purI hatI, te ghArApurI (ajhahAra-parI athavA elIphanTA) che. tyAMnI zaiva guphAo AThamI sadInA madhyanI che. pachI tyAM pUrvakAlIna cAlukyonuM zAsana prasaryuM. tyAra bAda zilAhAra vaMzanI sattA pravartI (lagabhaga I. sa. 800-1260) enI rAjadhAnI hatI thANAmAM tathA purImAM. 13mI sadInA madhyamAM uttara koMkaNa para devagirinA yAdava vaMzanI sattA jAmI. e vaMzanA rAjA rAmadevanA bIjA putra bhImadeve mahikAvatI(mAhIma)mAM potAnI alaga zAkhA sthApI tyArathI e TApune vikAsa vadhyo. 14 mI sadImAM thANuM sAlaseTa ane mAhImamAM dilhI saltanatanI hakUmata pravatI. gujarAtanA sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 lAe I. sa. 143 nA arasAmAM thANuM ane mAhIma kabaje karyA. ahamadazAhe mAhImamAM mukelA maleke jamInanI vAjabI mojaNI karAvI tyAMnI mahesUla-paddhatimAM ghaNo sudhAro karyo. I. sa. 1529 mAM phiraMgIonA ane gujarAtanA sulatAnA naukA-kAphalA vacce muMbaI pAse moTI laDAI thaI. I. sa. 1534-35 mAM sulatAna bahAdurazAhe phiraMgIo sAthe saMdhi karI tyAre eNe vasaInuM thANuM ane enA vahIvaTa nIcenA muMbaInA TApu phiraMgIone seMpI dIdhA. e vakhate e TApuo paranAM gAmone mAhIma ane muMbaI evA be kasabA hatA. 130 varSanA amala daramyAna phiraMgIoe tyAM khristI dhamaprasAranI pravRttione ja mahatva ApyuM. tyAMnI jAgIro khristI mizanarIone Opal'OS (A. D. Pusalkar and V. G. Dighe, Bombay, Chapters II-IV). A kAla daramyAna gujarAtanAM pArasI kuTuMba tyAM AvI vasavA lAgyAM. enI pahela surata pAsenA suMvALI gAmanA dorAbajI nAnAbhAIe I. sa. 1640mAM karelI. teo phiraMgI bhASA jANatA ne tyAM phiraMgI sarakAranA kArabhArI tarIke kAma karatA (bahamana baherAmajI paTela, "pArasI prakAza', daphatara 1, pR. 13, 19). '

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-ziSTa ] arvAcIna muMbaInA AraMbhika vikAsamAM.. [ 40 dIvanA rUpajI dhanajIe paNa tyAM sakuTuMba vasI phiraMgI sarakAranA kemisariTa (modI) tarIke kAmagIrI bajAvelI (vIrajI gaMgAjara mAhezvara, "jUnuM muMbaI', pR pa0). 3. koTanA bAMdhakAma mATe joIto saraMjAma pUro pADavAne konTrAkaTa I. sa. 1665 mAM bharUcanA zeTha kharazedajI pahoMcAi pAMDee rAkhelo (ba. be. paTela, pArasI prakAza', da. 1, pR. 15). 7. Pusalkar and Dighe, op.cit., pp. 51 ff. 4. M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol, III, p. 361 4. Pusalkar and Dighe, op.cit., pp. 53 f, 7. ba. be. paTela, "pArasI prakAza", da. 1, pR. 17 c. Pusalkar and Dighe, op.cit., p. 54 EUR. Edwardes, op.cit., p. 117 90. Commissariat, op.cit., p. 365 11. ba. e. paTela, "pArasI prakAza', da. 1, pR. 20-21 12. vI. gaM. mAhezvara, "jUnuM muMbaI', pR. 9 13. ba. be. paTela, " pArasI prakAza ", da. 1, pR. 32, 40, 42, 49 -14. I. I. desAI, "sUrata : senAnI mUrata', pR. 100-101 15. ba. be. paTela, "pArasI prakAza", da. 1, pR. 29 16. ejana, pR. 36-37 17. ejana, pR. 41 18. ejana, pR. 54, 87 19. vI. gaM. mAhezvara, "jUnuM muMbaI', pR. 11 20. ba. be. paTela, pArasI prakAza', da. 1, pR. 77 21. "pArasI prakAza', da. 1, pR. 33 22. ejana, pR. 49 23, I. I. desAI, "sUrata : sonAnI mUrata, pR. 238 24. pArasI prakAza ', da. 1, pR. 54 25. ejana, pR. 57 26-27. ejana, pR. 58 28. ejana, pR. 28-29 29. ejana, pR. 59 30. ejana, pR. 62 31. ejana, pR. 63 32. ejana, pR. 67 33. ejana, 5, 75 34-35. ejana, pR. 77 36. ejana, pR. 82 37. ejana, pR. 85 38. ejana, pR. 86 39. ejana, pR. 90-91 40. ejana, pR. 95 41. ejana, pR. 97 42. ejana, pR. 98-99 43. ejana, pR. 24 44. ejana, pR. 130 45. ejana, pR. 83-787; vI. gaM. mAhezvara, "junuM muMbaI', pR. 12-13 46. "pArasI prakAza , da. 1, pR. 648

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410 ] marAThA kAla 48. ejana, pR. para 47. vI. ga. mAhezvara, * jUna muMbaI', pR. 50 49. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, 'gUjarAtanu' pATanagara : amadAvAda', pR. 741-743 50. vI. ga'. mAhezvara, ' jUnuM muMbaI', pR. 54 11-52. ejana, pR. 15 [ pari 53. ejana, pR. 56 " 54-55. ejana, pR. 57 56. ejana, pR. 23-24; I. i. desAI, * surata: sAnAnI mUrata', pR. 227-229 57-58. jI. ga. mAhezvara, ' jUnuM muMbaI', pR. 25 59. ejana, pR. 31 60. ejana, pR. 58 61. ejana, pR. 61 62 ejana, pR. 61-62 63. ejana, pR. 63

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anupUrti sAdhana-sAmagrI : marAThI ane aMgrejI daphatare tathA graMtha gujarAtamAM marAThAonA praveza, emanI sattA-sthApanA ane emanI rAjasattAnA vikAsa tathA emanA rAjavahIvaTa aMge vividha AdhArasAmagrI che temAMnI thoDIka vize A graMthanA prAstAvika prakaraNa 1 mAM mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che. atre e mAhitI uparAMta vadhu prApya evI marAThI aMgrejI ane gujarAtI sAdhanasAmagrInI saMkSipta carcA karavAmAM AvI che. nAmAMkita marAThA ItihAsavidda goviMda sakhArAma saradesAIe pezavAnAM daphataromAMthI mahatvanA kAgaLapatra pasaMda karI Selections from Peshwa Daftar nAme prasiddha karela bhAgo je agAu jaNAvelA che te uparAMta bhAga 2, 5, 10, 15, 17, 21, 22, 30, 39 ane 4ra paNa marAThAonA guja. rAta sAthenA saMbaMdha mATe upayogI che. saradesAI ane anya dvArA saMpAdita kAvyetihAsa saMgrahAMta prasiddha jhAlelI aitihAsika patre, yAdI vigaire lekha (puNe. 1930) ane titika patrakAra, vANiti-saMgara 3 bhAratavarSAta pUrvI prasiddha jhAlelyA sAdhanAMcI punarAvRtti va avAMtara navIna mAta (puNe, 1937) paNa noMdhapAtra che. agAu jaNAvelA vi. vi. khare saMpAdita rilipa vasaMtraNa nA 14 bhAgomAM bhAga 1a uparAMta bhAga 1 thI 7 upayogI che. bhAga 5 mAM vaDodarAnA goviMdarAva-pharohasiMharAva gAyakavADa vaccenI laDAIne ahevAla tathA gAyakavADanA ItihAsanA anya ullekho savizeSa che. puNenA pezavA daphataramAM hastalikhita je sAmagrI che temAM gujarAta saMbaMdhI vAta sAvaMdha, jarita naM. 26, rUmAla naM. 73-74 mAM jakAtane hisAba che. anya sAmagrImAM tikSArasaMg mAM utihAsikA Tipaje re, verAvA hatA, paracA vaghAravA itihAsa tathA vAya. ena. keLakara kRta aitihAsika povADe bhane dAbhADAcyA povADA, ciTaNIsa bakhara tama chatrapati zArika ane jI. ke. cAMdarakarakRta sattA mAM verAvA che. puNenA vikhyAta bhAratIya itihAsa saMzAdhana maMDaLanA gaumAsika aMkomAM varSa 31 ne senApati mATe rAtara, mALa 2 varSa 13nA aMka 4

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412 ) marAThA kAla [ anu- tathA graMtha 3nA aMka mAM pI. ena. paTavardhana ane gaMgAdhara zAstrIne jIvanavRttAMta marAThImAM upalabdha che. vi. ke. rAjavADe kRta marAThAvAMllA tijJAsAvI rAdha khaMDa 1, 2, 3, 1ra tathA jI. sI. vADakRta raghu roganIrI, vArAnA vALara ranArI bhAga 1-2 zA mAdhavadAya kazI bhAga-2 upayogI che. vaDodarA rAjya sarakAre pragaTa karelI AdhArasAmagrImAM mAthAvADa para. paNa verI sirapAna naM 26, tAtAne jAra, pArAvAra suta, tArA nAtha tihAsika re khaMDa 1 thI 10, rAmAcarI vahA, rAmATe senApati yAMcI hakIkata tathA saradAra, ziledAra vagaire gharANyAcyA temajurA harIta, rAnno satatI vaeN ne samAveza thAya che. vaDodarAnI rAjya daphatara kacerI(rekarDa oNphisa)mAM hastalikhita sAmagrImAM pherista naM. 4 mAM daphatara naM. 395, 397, ra01, 402, pherita naM. 12 mAM daphatara naM. 279, pu. 1-ra0, daddhara naM. 270-284 ane muhurtAnI rAdha noMdhapAtra che. zivadAsakRta bhAvanAvA vArAma tihAsa mAM bhAvanagara rAjyanI mAhitI che. gujarAtamAM marAonA Agamana ane khAsa karIne gAyakavADAe karelI kAmagIrI, kAThiyAvADane vahIvaTa ane pezavA-gAyakavADanA saMbaMdhone ahevAla ApatuM ane carcA karatuM vi. go. khabarakara kRta gujharveTa mArI nAra. ghara (164-1820) (puNe 1962) pustaka mULabhUta AdhAra parathI lakhAyuM che. gujarAtamAM marAThA samayane lagatI aMgrejImAM saMpAdita thayelI, saMkalana pAmelI, pustakarUpe lakhAyelI vividha AdhArasAmagrI che. e aMgene cheDe 'ullekha agAu karavAmAM Avyo che. muMbaI sarakAra taraphathI prakAzita thayela (1862), Treaties and Engagements (collection) 173thI 1808 ne samayane AvarI le che. emAM hiMdanA rAjAo ane eziyAnAM rAjyo sAthe IsTa InDiyA kaMpanI -vatI e samayanI hiMdanI briTiza sarakAre karelA kelakarAne samAveza thAya che. AvuM eka bIjuM pustaka IsTa InDiyA hAusa, laMDana taraphathI prakAzita thayela (1924) Treaties and Engagements with Native

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pati ) sAdhanasAmagrI [413 Princes and States in India Concluded in 1817-1818 mAM gAyakavADa karacha mAMDavI vagere sAthe karavAmAM AvelA kelakarAra che. khUba ja nAmAMkita banelA sI. yu. ecIsana saMpAdita Treatics, Engagements and Sunnunds nA graMtha 6 (1930) mAM pazcima bhAratanAM rAjyo ane vaDodarA rAjya sAthe thayelA kelakarArono, bhAga 7 (1929)mAM pezavA mahIkAMThA ane revAkAMThA ejansI aMgenA karAra-daratAvejo tathA bhAga 8 (1929). mAM vaDedarA sAthenA (1773-1800) tathA kheDA surata DAMga saMbaMdhInA kolakarArono samAveza thAya che. pezavA gAyakavADa bharUca jhAlAvADa vagere sAthe thayelA kelakarArane Treaties and Engagements between the Hon'ble East India Company and the Native Powers in Asia, Vol. 1 (1845) mAM samAveza thayo che. gujarAtamAM muslima ane marAThAonA saMbaMdhono vac!z Sir H. M. Elliot 249 J. Dowson ka The History of India as Told by its own HistoriansnA graMtha-7 (1877) mAM jovA maLe che. muMbaI sarakAranI rekarDa ophisa taraphathI prakAzita ane jI. Dabalyu. pheree saMpAdita karelA Selections from the Letters, Des patches and other State Papers, Vol. 1 (1885)mAM gujarAtamAM rAbA (raghunAtharAva)nI pravRttio, amadAvAda, vaDodarA, khaMbhAta, surata aMgenA mahattvanA dastAvejo jovA maLe che. e samayanI muMbaI prAMta sarakAra taraphathI pragaTa thayelAM je. ema. kempabela dvArA saMpAdita thayelAM Gazetteers of the Bombay Presidency nA graMtha 1 thI 8-Vol. 1, Parts , History of Gujarat (1896), Vol. II, : Surat and Broach Districts (1877), Vol. III, Kaira and Panchmahal Districts (1879), Vol. IV : Ahmedabad Districts (1879), Vol. V: Cutch, Palanpnr and Mhikantha Distict (1889) Vol. VI Rewa Kantha, Natuot Cambay and Surat States (1880), Vol. VII : Baroda State (1883) ane Vol. VIII : Kathiawad (1884) marAThA samayanA ItihAsa mATe ghaNA mahatvanA kahI zakAya tevA graMtha che. vaDodarAnA gAyakavADa rAjya saMbaMdhe che. esa. desAI ane e. bI. kalArka saMpAdita Gazetteer of the Baroda State, Vols. -II (1923) mahattvanAM che.

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414] marAThA kAla [ anu vaDodarAnA gAyakavADa zAsaka, pezavA tathA IsTa InDiyA kaMpanI sAthenA emanA saMbaMdhe, gAyakvADene vahIvaTa, dhArmika nIti, khaMDiyA rAja, gaMgAdhara zAstrI prakaraNa ItyAdi bAbate mATe sane 1934thI 1939 nA samayamAM pragaTa thayelAM Historical Selections from the Baroda State Records, Vols. I-II (1724 to 1820) khUba mahattvanAM che. English Records of Maratha History, o Poona Residency Correspondence nAmathI jI. esa. saradesAI ane jadunAtha sarakAre saMpAdita karelAM che, tenA graMtha 2(1936)mAM goviMdarAva gAyakavADa ane muMbaI sarakAra vaccenA saMbaMdhe, graMtha 6 (1939) ane graMtha 7 (1940) mAM gAyakavADa-muMbaI sarakAra vaccenA saMbaMdho, graMtha 10 (raghuvIrasiMha saMpAdita, 1951)mAM vasaIne karAra ane dakhaNamAM aMgreja-marAThA vigraha saMbaMdhI Alekhana che temAM buMdelakhaMDanI badalI sAme gujarAtanA pradeza vadhu phAyadAkAraka hovAnI rajUAta tathA graMtha 12 ne bhAga 1(1812-1815)mAM puNemAM eliphansTananI elacI kacerI, puNemAM gaMgAdhara zAstrInI pravRttio ane pezavA gAyakavADa vaccenA saMbaMdhe AlekhavAmAM AvyA che. muMbaI rAjya rekorDa ophisa taraphathI vI. jI. DIdhe saMpAdita (1954) Descriptive Catalogue at the Secret and Political Department Series, Diary - (1755-1820) mAM nIcenA kramAMkavALAM daphataro ke phAIle gujarAta saMbaMdhamAM upayogI che. kramAMka 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 6, 77, 95, 117, 123, 125, 12, 129, 130e, 135, 13, 147, 141, 143, 143, 145, 14, 148, 158, 12, 179, 205, 206, 209, 211, 257, 278 ane 39 6. vaDodarAnA gAyakavADa rAjya saMbaMdhamAM Selections from the Record of the Bombay Government Part Ihi hired to che. jI. sI. vADa ane DI. bI. parasanIsa dvArA taiyAra thayelA Selections from the Satara Raja's and Peshwa's Diaries No. 1 : Shahu Chhatrapati 249 No. 3 : Balaji Baji Rao Peshwa, Vol. 1(1907) mAM gujarAtanI ane khAsa karIne gAyakavADa pradezanI - rAjakIya, vahIvaTI ane lazkarI bAbatane samAveza karavAmAM Ave che. sara ricarDa TepalakRta Oriental Experience (1883) jemAM guja.

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sAdhanasAmagrI [415 rAtamAMnI gAyakavADe ane marAThAonI pravRttio vize tathA marAThI sattAnA ugama ane AraMbhika vikAsa aMgenA lekho che te TI. I. kelibraka kRta Life of the Mount Stuart Elphinstone, Vol. 1(1884), jemAM vasaInA karAranI ane gaMgAdhara zAstrInA pratinidhimaMDaLa vizenI mAhitI prApta thAya che. A uparAMta 1818 pachI marAThAonA ItihAsane AvarI letAM aneka pustaka lakhAyAM che te paNa AmAM upayogI thAya ema che, jenI vigata prakaraNa 1 nI pAdaTIpamAM tathA saMdarbha sUcimAM ApI che.

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jinalAbhasUri bharatamuni medinIkAra varAhamihira zAradAtanaya saMdarbhasUci 1. sAmAnya (1) bhU sa (24) saMskRta athe Atmaprabodha (gu. anu. - jha. bhA. zAha ), __ bhAvanagara, 1912 nATyazAstra, Vol. II (ed. M. Ramakrishna Kavi), Baroda, 1934 medinIkoza ( saMpA. paM. jagannAtha zAstrI hoziGga ), vArANasI, 1968 bRhatsaMhitA, bhA. 1, kAzI, 1895; ____bhA. 2, kAzI, 1954 bhAvaprakAzana (ed. Yadugiri Yatiraja Swami ___& K. S. Ramaswami), Baroda, 1930 tarkasaMgrahatArodaya, dilhI, 1974 zikSApatrI, vaDodarA, 1972 saMgItaratnAkara, (ed. Pandit S, Subrahmanya Sastri), Vol. IV, Madras, 1953 dezInAmamAlA (ed. R. Pischel & G. Buhler) Bombay, 1880 (41) amI-sI ayo miAte ahamadI, bhA. 1, 2; baDaudA; 192.7, 1930 - gu01. anu. : bhIrAte mehamahI (anu. yoratI niAna 3 / 941), mA. 1-2, amAvAda, 1913, 1923 -Y. manu. : bhirAte mamI , vA. 2, . zAstrI, zivanArAyaNa sahajAnanda svAmI sAraMgadeva hemacandrAcArya alI, muhammadakhAna

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A saMdarbhamAMca [10 . 1-4, (anu. 7, mo. jhaverI), amadAvAda 1933-36 -Eng. trans, Vols. 1-2, by M. P. Lokbandwala, Baroda, 1970, 1974 dIvAna, raNachoDajI tArIkha-i-soraTha va hAlAra -guja. anu.: zaMbhuprasAda ha. dezAI, junAgaDha, - - 1978 (I) samakAlIna gujarAtI graMtha nAyaka, asAIta haMsAuli (saMpA. ke. kA. zAstrI), amadAvAda 1945 sahajAnaMda svAmI vacanAmRto, vaDedarA, 1974 | (I) abhilekhe: sAmayike, saMgraha ane sUcio Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy, 1954-55, 1956-57, 1959-60, 1961-62, 1964-65, 1967-68, 1973-74 to 1976-77 Burgess and Revised List of Antiquarian Remains Cousens in the Bombay Presidency, Bombay, - 1862 Diskalkar, D. B. (Ed.) Sastri, Hiranand Inscriptions of Kathiawad (New Indian Antiquary, Vols. III),Poona, 1938-41 * Epigraphia Indica : Arabic and Persian - Supplement, New Delhi, 1957 Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica, 1935-36, 1939-40, 1973-74, 1975-76. Annual Report of Archaeological Dept., Baroda State, Baroda, 1938 Important Inscriptions from the Baroda State, Vol. II : Muslim Inscriptions, Baroda, 1944 prAcInajainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, bhAvanagara, 1921 Yazdani, G. and Gyani, R, G. (Eds.) nivinaya muni, (saM.) i-~ra7

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28 ]. marAThA kAla AcArya, gi. va. gujarAtanA etihAsika lekhe, bhA. 1 muMbaI, 1933 hisAgarasUri (saM). jainadhAtupratimAlekhasaMgraha, bhA. 1, muMbaI, vi. saM. 1973 vizAlavijayajI, muni rAdhanapurapratimA lekhasaMdeha, bhAvanagara, 1960 (7) sikA : sAmayike, saMgraha ane sUcio Allan, John Catalogue of the Coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, Vol. IV, New Delhi, 1976 Journal of Numismatic Society of India, Vol. XXVII, Varanasi, 1960 Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. XVII, Bombay, 1941 (2) arvAcIna graMtha (aMgrejI) Aitcbison, C. V. A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sunnuds, Vol. IV, Calcutta, 1864 Vol. VI, Calcutta, 1864 Vol. IX, Calcutta, 1929 Bell, H. W. The History of Kathiawad, London, 1916 Burgess, James Report on the Antiquities of Kathia - wad and Kachh, London, 1876 Bhandarkar, R.G. Report on the Search for Sanskrit Mss in the Bombay Presidency, 1887 91, Bombay, 1897 Campbell, James Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. II, Surat and (Ed.) Broach Districts, Bombay, 1877 Vol. III : Kaira and Panchamabals, Bombay, 1879, . Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. II, Bombay, M. S. 1957 Vol. III, Ahmedabad,1980

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saMdarbhasUci [ 89EUR Datta, Kalikinkar Desai, G. H. and Clarke, A. B. Duff, James Grant Forbes, A. K. rorrest, G. W. Gupta, P. L. Indraji, Bhagvanlal and Jackson, A. M. T. Joshi, P. M. (ed.) Joshi, V. G. ( Compiled by ) Advanced History of India, Part II, New york. 1965 Gazetteer of the Baroda State, Vol. 1, Bombay, 1923 History of the Maharattas, Vol. II, New Delhi, 1971 Rasmala, Vol. II, New Delhi, 1973 Selections from Letters Despatches in the Bombay Secretariat : Maratha Series, Vol. I, Bombay, 1885 Coins, New Delhi, 1969 Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. 1, Part 1 : History of Gujarat, Bombay, 1896 Selections from the Peshwa Daftar, New Series, Vol. V, Bombay, 1962 Historical Selections from Baroda Records, New Series, Vol. 1, Baroda, 1955 Indian Sculpture and Paintings, Bom bay, 1939 A History of the Maratha People, Vol. 1, Bombay, 1918 Vol. II, Bombay, 1922 Vol. III, Bombay, 1925 Maharashtra State Gazetteer; History, Part II, Bombay, 1967 The Age of Imperial Unity, Bombay, 1953 -Maratha Supremacy, Bombay, 1977 Muslim Communities in Gujarat, Bombay, 1964 New History of the Marathas, Vol. 1, Bombay, 1957 Vol. II, Bombay, 1958 Khandalwala, K. Kincaid, C. A. and Parasnis, D. B. Majumdar, R. C. (Ed.) Misra, S. C. Sardesai, G. S.

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420 ] Sen, S. N. vi, na dAza kara lAlaza kara jayaMtavijayajI, muni jAnI, aMbAlAla yu. jinavijayajI, muni baeNTa, bhI. 3. jozI, umAzaMkara jozI, mahAdeva mukuMda dezAI, mAhanalAla da. dezAI, zaMbhuprasAda ha. desAI, I. I. desAI, gaNapatarAma hiM. desAI, gA. hA. mA kAla Administrative System of the Marathas, Calcutta, 1928 --Military System of the Marathas, Bombay, 1958 (gujarAtI) kADiyAvADa sa saMgraha, muMbaI, 1886 zakhezvara mahAtI, bhA. 1, 2, ujjana 1942 zrI phAsa gujarAtI sabhAnAM hastalikhita pustakonI savistara nAmAvali, bhA. 1, muMbaI, 1923 prAcIna gujarAtanA sAMskRtika kRtihAsanI sAdhana sAmagrI, amadAvAda, 1933 khaMbhAtaneA itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1935 --gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda, amadAvAda, 1929 purANAmAM gujarAta, amadAvAda, 1946 pATaNatA bhAmiyA, pATaNa, 1927 1.3 jaina atihAsika rAsamALA, bhA. 1, muMbaI, sa. 1969 --jaina sAhityanA saMkSipta kRtihAsa, muMbaI, 1933 jUnAgaDha ane giranAra, junAgaDha, 1975 saurASTranA itihAsa, jUnAgaDha, 1968 sUrata : sAnAnI mUrata, surata, 1958 bharUca zaheranA tihAsa, bharUca, 1914 gujarAtane 1918 veMcInadatihAsa, amadAvAda,

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(421 saMdarbhasUci suratanI tavArIkha, surata, 1890 pArasI prakAza, bhA. 1, muMbaI, 1878 gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa, graMtha 6, amadAvAda, 1979 ' paTela, edalajI barajerajI paTela, bahamanajI baherAmajI parIkha, 2. che. ane zAstrI, ha. gaM. (saMpA.) pArekha, hIrAlAla tribhuvanadAsa , bhaTTa, narmadAzaMkara | vyaMbakarAma mazarUvALA, kizoralAla * gha. rAThoDa, rAmasiMha vizAlavijayajI, muni arvAcIna gujarAtanuM rekhAdarzana, khaMDa 1, amadAvAda, 1935 khaMbhAtanuM sAMskRtika darzana, khaMbhAta, 1976 zAstrI, durgAza kara ke. zAstrI, hariprasAda sahajAnaMda svAmI athavA svAmInArAyaNa saMpradAya, amadAvAda, 1956 kacchanuM saMskRtidarzana, amadAvAda, 1959 zrI bhIlaDiyA pArzvanAthajI tIrtha, bhAvanagara, . 1960 zrI bholatIrtha, bhAvanagara, 1954 etihAsika saMzodhana, muMbaI, 1941 mitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 1, amadAvAda, 1955 (marAThI) zrI mahArAjA sayAjIrAva gAyakavADa ( tisare ), yAMce caritra, khaMDa 2, bambaI, 1936 gujarAtetIla marAThI rAjavaTa, puNe, 1962 gAyakavADa yAMcI hakIkata (baDodeM sarakAra), baDaudA baDode rAjya daphatarAntila aitihAsika veMce, khaM. 1, baDaudA, 1955 mATe, tA. nA. vovavA, vi. che. nIrI, vI. nI. (saMgrA).

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422 ] marAThA kAla 2. prakaraNavAra (sAmAnya saMdarbhasUcimAM jaNAvelA graMtha sivAyanI ) prakaraNa 1 Acharya, G. V. History of Coinage in Gujarat." " Proceedings of the All-India oriental Conference," VIIth Sesson, Baroda, 1935 Pandya, A. V. Some Newly Discovered Inscriptions from Gujarat,' Vallabh Vidyanagar Research Bulletin, Vol, 1, Issue 2, Vallabh vidyanagar, 1958 Shastri, H. G. Inscriptions at Dholka', Journal of Gujarat Research Society, Vcl. XXV, Bombay, 1963 zAstrI, ha. gaM. kacchanA abhilekhe ', "pa"i , varSa 6, aMka 10-11, amadAvAda, 1967 --dvArakA ane beTanA mahatvanA abhilekha", dvArakA sarva saMgraha", dvArakA, 1973 -"vidyAsabhA saMgrahAlayamAMnAM marAThAkAlIna khatapatra', "buddhiprakAza", pu. 125, amadAvAda, 1978 zelata, bhAratI "IDara rAjyanAM traNa aprasiha tAmrapatro , "svAdhyAya", . 15, vaDodarA, 1977 sAMDesarA, bhegIlAla dIpAvajayakRta vaDodarAnI gajhala", "sAhitya", (saMpA.) pu. 20, vaDodarA, 1932 -devaharSakRta pATaNanI gajhala', "phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA saimAsika", 5.13, muMbaI, 1948 prakaraNa 2 Desai, G. H. and Gazetteer of the Baroda State, Vol. 1, Clarke, A. B, Bombay, 1923

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sadazathi Sastri, Hiranand Boman-Behram, B. K. Gense, J. H. and Banaji, D. R. dAte, yazavaMta rAmakRSNa Mayne, C. The Ruins of Dabhoi or Darbhavati in Baroda state, Baroda, 1940 pariziSTa Rise of Municipal Government in the City of Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, 1937 The Gaikwads of Baroda : English Documents, Vol. I, Bombay, 1936 , 'zrImanta sayAjIrAva mahArAja yAMce caritra,'. "sayAjI naurava pratha", mA. 2, va, urUra prakaraNa 3 History of the Dhrangadhra State, Calcutta, 1921 pAlaNapura rAjyane ItihAsa, bhA. 1, pAlanapura, 1913 amadAvAdane ItihAsa, amadAvAda, 1851 prakaraNa 4 The Rulers of Baroda, Baroda, 1934 Historical Papers relating to Mahadji Sindhia, Bombay, 1937 prakaraNa 5 saurASTramAM marAThI sattA ', "pathi.", varSa 10, aMka 9, amadAvAda, 1971 vaDodarAnA rAjayakartA, vaDodarA, 1905. navAbajhAdA, tAle mahaMmadakhAna zeTha, maganalAla vakhatacaMda, Elliot, F. A. H. Sardesai, G. S. parIkha, 2. ge. mazarUvAlA, IzvaradAsa,. IcchArAma (anu.) Patel, G. D. (Ed.) prakaraNa 6 Gujarat State Gazetteers : Jamnagar District, Ahmedabad, 1970 - Gujarat State Gazetteers : Surendrangar District, Ahmedabad, 1977

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: ] Rajyagor, S. B. ( Chief ed.) Trivedi, R. K. ( Chief ed.) AcArya, indravadana eMjhA, I. gi. ve, surezacaMdra ka. jozI, jogIdAsa a. jozI, lAlajI nA. pAka, ja. kA. zAstrI, ke. kA. zAha, amRtalAla gA. Saran, P. Sarkar, J. N. dIkSita, ya. i. modI, rA. cu. masAkAla Gujarat State Gazetteers : Kheda District, Ahmedabad, 1977 Gujarat State Gazetteers : Bhavnagar District, Ahmedabad, 1969 -Gujarat State Gazetteers, Rajkot District, Ahmedabad, 1965 saurASTramAM jhAlA rAjavaMzanA zAsananA ItihAsa ( aprasiddha mahAnibaMdha ), rAjakATa, 1975 " sudarajI seAdAgaranI rAjakIya kAraDhiI', pathika ", pu. 17, a'3 4, amadAvAda, "" 1978 da dvArakApradeza( ekhAmaDaLa )nI prAcInatA ane aitihAsikatA ', dvArakA, 1973 dvArakAsava saMgraha ', IDara rAjyanA ItihAsa, bhA. 1, hiMmatanagara, 1924 ' kacchajo kurukSetra jhArA ', " pathi '', pu. 6, aMka 10-11, amadAvAda, 1967 makaradhvajavaMzI mahIpamAlA, pArabaMdara, 1922 saurASTranI aitihAsika nagarIe-1 : mAMgaroLasArA, pAradara, 1967 bhArata rAjyamaMDaLa, bhA. 1, vaDAdarA, 1902 prakaraNa 7 The Provincial Government of the Mughals, Allahabad, 1941 Mughal Administration, Calcutta, 1963 mAgala pAdazAha muhammadazAhanA samayanuM khetapatra', " vidyA '', pu. 20, amadAvAda, 1977 mughala rAjyavahIvaTa, amadAvAda, 1942 "

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El. R. Biddulph, C. H. Gupta, P. L. Gyani, R. G. Paruck, Furdoon jee D. J. Ranade, M, G. saMdarbha sUci [ 874 * *3.242 Daldin mileal!, " vy[EUR 2018", Y. 23, 24HELQUE, 9205 pariziSTa Silver Coins of Surat Mint with regnal years later than the forty-ninth or last year of Shah Alam II', Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, Vol. XXV, Varanasi, 1963 * The Baroda Coins with the Nagari Letter Ma', Journal of the Numismatic Society of India. Vol. XXIV, Varanasi, 1962 Some Unpublished Coins of the Gaikwars', Numismatic Supplement, No. XLIV, Calcutta, 1934 Unpublished Mughal Coins', Numism atic Supplement, No. 37, Calcutta,1923 Currencies and Mints under Mahratta Rule', Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol.XX, Bombay, 1900 On the Baroda Coins of the last Six Gaikwars ', Numismatic Supplement, No. XVIII, Calcutta, 1912 -The Coins of Surat', The Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. XXII, Bombay, 1905 Coins of Shah Alam II of Broach ( Bharoaj) Mint', Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, Vol. V, Bombay, 1943 "Two double Rupees of Surat. Mint', Numismatic Supplement Vol. IV, No. 40, Calcutta, 1905 Taylor, Geo. P.. . Thakore, M. K. "Wright, H. N.

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426 ] Forbes, James khArI, edalajI jamazedajI joTa, 2. bhI. paramAra, jayamalla rAjagAra, zivaprasAda nAnI, raNacheADalAla rAha, gaM. .. saiyada, abdullA jAnI, aMbAlAla jhaverI, kRSNulAla derAsarI, DA. pI. mA. dezAI, mA. da. pAMDita, DAlAbhAI che. zAstrI, ke. kA. prakaraNa 8 Oriental Memoires, Vol. II, London, 1834 dukALa vize nibaMdha, amadAvAda, 1884 khaMbhAtanA itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1935 ' mAmA kAla ' gujarAtanA vahANavaTAnA itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1976 gujarAtanA itihAsane lagatA sikkAo ', k zrI muddhivardhaka vyAkhyAnamALA '', puSpa 1-2, muMbaI, 1934-35 prakaraNa 9 jaina sAhityakA bRhad itihAsa, bhA. 5, vArANasI,. 1969 ' adabiyAte phArasI meM hinduoM kA hissA ', "aMjUmane tarakkIe urdU", dillI, 1942 phA*sa gujarAtI sabhAnA hastalikhita pustakonI savistara nAmAvali, bhA-2, muMbaI, 1929 gujarAtIoe lakhelA phArasI graMthe, amadAvAda, 1945 " annapUrNAM ', " Urmi-navaracanA ', pu. 48, amadAvAda, 1977 " gujarAtI sAhityanA mAsUcaka tabhA,, amadAvAda, 1930 janIbAIe prAcIna zAkta vayitrI ',. ' chaThThAM gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadane ahevAla, amadAvAda, 1923 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhA. 3, muMbaI, 1944 kavicaritra, muMbaI, 1869 kavicarita, graMtha 3 (hAthanI nala)

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saMdarbha sUci (427 zAha, aM. pre. zrImasta (saMpA.) "gurjara-deza-rAjavaMzAvalI ', "svAdhyAya', 'pu. 5, vaDodarA, saM. 2024 kIrtanamAlA, saM. 1994 prakaraNa 10 Commissariat, M. S. Hull, E. R. Parekh, Manilal C. Qeyamuddin, Abmad Subramanyam, Ka Naa glAsanApa, helmaTa Imperial Mugbal Farmans in Gujarat, Bombay, 1940 Bombay Mission History, Vols. I and II, Bombay, 1927 Christian Proselytism in India, Rajkot, 1947 The Wahabi Movement in India, Calcutta, 1967 The Catholic Community in India, Madras, 1970 guja, anu. " jaina dharma ', (anu. paTela, nara siMhabhAI I.), bhAvanagara, saM. 1987 gujarAtI bAIbalane Treka itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1973 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa, graMtha 2. amadAvAda, 1976 cauhAna, jayAnaMda AI. jozI, umAzaMkara, rAvaLa, anaMtarAya ane zukala, yazavata (saMpA.) DrAIvara, perIna dArAM kuva, AnaMdazaMkara bA. makATI, pIlAM bhIkhAjI mArzala, ratana rUstamajI mAstara, karIma mahaMmada sattaramA zatakamAM pArasI kavioe racelI gujarAtI kavitA', apragaTa mahAnibaMdha, amadAvAda, 1971 kAvyatatvavicAra, amadAvAda, 1939 pArasI sAhityane ItihAsa, navasArI, 1949 aradezara keTavAla, surata, 1946 mahAgujarAtanA musalamAne, bhA. 1-2, vaDodarA, 1969 gujarAtI sAhitya : madhyakAlIna, bhA. 1, muMbaI, 1954 rAvaLa, anaMtarAya

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428 ] lAjarasa, tejapALa zAstrI, durgAza Mkara ke. sAMDesarA, bhAgIlAla Anand, Mulkaraj Burgess, James Dwivedi, V. P. Goetz, H. James, H. E. M. Majmudar, M. R. Mehta, R.. N. Rajyagor, S. B. sarAmAM kAla gujarAtamAM khristI maMDaLInA chatahAsa, surata, 1928 vaiSNava dharmAMne sakSipta RtihAsa, muMbaI, 1979 -- rAva dha`nA saMkSipta tihAsa, muMbaI, 1936 khArazaTanI vAvane zilAlekha ', pATaNa vidyArthI bha'DaLanuM mukhapatra '', abhyAsapatrikA, pATaNa, sa. 1988 6 (( prakaraNa 11 'Homage to Dinker Kelker', Marg, Vol. XXXI, No. 3, Bomday, 1978 The Temples of Shatrunjaya-Palitana in Kathiawad, Bombay, 1976 Jain Wood Carvings in the National Museum Collection', Aspect of Jain Ant and Architect, Ahmedabad, 1975 The Art of the Marathas and its Problems, Baroda, 1946 -The Post Medieval Sculptures of Gujarat', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery, Vol. V, Part I-II, Baroda, 1947-48 -The Role of Gujarat in Indian Art History', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum aud Picture Gallery, Vol. III, Pt. I, Baroda, 1947 Wood Carving in Gujarat', Journal of Indian Art and India, Vol. XVII, no. 136, 1916 " Cultural History of Gujarat, Bombay, 1965 -Gujarat: Its Art Heritage, Bombay, 1968 A few Ganesh Images from Gujarat', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery, Vol.V, pts. 1-2, Baroda, 1949 Gujarat State Gazetteer: Mehsana District, Ahmedabad, 1975

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Trivedi, R. K. gokANI, puSkarabhAI zAMtilAla dAkara, dave, kirITa je. ve, surezabhAI ka. dezAI, zaMbhuprasAda ha. desAI, geA. hA. nANAvaTI, jayendra ane DhAMkI, madhusUdana parIkha, pravINacaMdra ci. bAraDa, mAnasaMgajI modI, rA. yu. ane zAha, zAMtilAla go. vALaMda, nAttama vArA, maNibhAI saMdarbha sUci [ 429 Wood Carving of Gujarat, Delhi, 1965 * kaccha myujhiyama para eka dRSTipAta', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery, Vol. XXVI, Baroda, 1976-77 " dvArakA maMDala ', " dvArakAsa`saMgraha ', dvArakA, 1973 naDiyAdanA itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1949 ' zilpakRtio ' : pra. 14, " gujarAtaneA rAja-kIya ane sAMskRtika pratiAsa '', graMtha 6, amadAvAda, 1979 okhAmaMDaLa : aitihAsika ane sAMskRtika dRSTie, dvArakA, 1978 prabhAsa ane sAmanAtha, prabhAsa pATaNa, 196 5 amarelI prAMta sa`saMgraha, vaDedarA, 1921 --kaDI prAMta sa`saMgraha, vAdarA, 1921 --vaDAdarA prAMta sa`saMgraha, vaDedarA, 1921 ' gujarAtanuM kASTa sthApatya ', kumAra '', aDha 489, amadAvAda, 1964 66 amadAvAdanA bhadranA killAmAMnAM maMdizanI sthaLatapAsa ', " buddhiprakAza '', pu. 126, amadAvAda, 1979 * pU. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInuM janmasthAna ane gAMdhI smAraka kItima Mdira, " porabaMdara paricaya '', (purAtattva khAtu) amadAvAda, 1973-74 ta MtrIteAMdha ', ' (6 pathika '', pu. 6, aMka 10 " ' 11, amadAvAda, 1967 pATaNaneA paricaya, pATaNa, 1933 bahucarAjI, vAdarA, 1968 aDhAramI sadInuM saurASTra ', " kumAra ", aka 57, amadAvAda, 1978

Page #453
marAThA kAla 430 ] zAstrI, dugara ke. zAha, e. ke. gujarAtanAM tIrthasthAne, amadAvAda, 1950 jaina tIrtha sarvasaMgraha, bhA. 1, khaMDa 1, amadAvAda, 1953 carotara sarvasaMgraha, bhA. 1, naDiyAda, 1954 zAha, caMdrakAMta phu. ane zAha, pu. che. ' Desai, Sudha desAI, sudhA soLa satI-bhUjamAM mahArAva lakhapatanI chelachateDI", Special issue of Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picure Gallery, Vol. XXVI, Baroda, 1976-77. prakaraNa 12 Bhavai, A Medieval Form of Ancient Indian Dramatic Art as Prevalent in Gujarat, Ahmedabad, 1972 "bhavAI-gujarAtanuM lekanATaya", "gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa", graM. 2, amadAvAda, 1976 bhAratIya saMgItane vikAsa, amadAvAda, 1975 AkAzabhASita, amadAvAda, 1974 gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpa, vaDerA, 1954 bhavAI saMgraha, AvRtti 5 mI, amadAvAda, 1911 itihAsa ane sAhitya, amadAvAda, 1966 ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha", "kumAra" pu. para, amadAvAda, 1975 dezI, amubhAI parIkha, rasikalAla majamudAra, muM. 2. mahIpatarAma rUparAma nIlakaMTha sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla smAta, vAsudeva pariziSTa Edwards, S. M. The Rise of Bombay; a Retrospect, Bombay, 1902 Bombay, Ch. II-IV, Bombay, 1949 Pcsalkar, A. D. and Digbe, V. G. mAhezvara, vIrajI gaM ja , muMbaI, muMbaI, 1956

Page #454
vaMzAvaLIo 1. pezavA vaza 1. bAlAjI vizvanAtha 2. bAjIrAva 1 le cimaNAja ApyA 3. bAlAjI bAjIrAva 6. raghunAtharAva | (rAbA) "vizvAsarAva 4. mAdhavarAva 5. nArAyaNarAva 7. mAdhavarAva nArAyaNa (savAI mAdhavarAva) amRtarAva (dattaka) 8. bAjIrAva ra je cimAjI appA 2, gAyakavADa vaMza 1. dAmAjIrAva 1 le 2. pilAjIrAva (dattaka) yazavaMtarAva 3. dayAjIrAva ra je khaMDerAva (kaDI) malhArarAva 4, 8. goviMdarAva 5. sayAjIrAva 1 le 6. phattesiMharAva 7. mAnAjIrAva 9. AnaMdarAva

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akabara (1 leA) 30, 297, 307, 330, 388 akabarazAha (ra je) 15, 16, 17, 267, 268, 297 akherAjajI (kAMkareja) 237 akherAjajI (khaDAla) 237, 238 akherAjajI (bhAdaravA) 242 akherANuLa 236 akhA 299, 300 ayarata 19 accana saiyada 71, 72, 75, 159 ajamera 355 akSubA 174, 176 ajasiMhajI 235 ajayapAla 386 ajarAmara 34 ajitasi'huM 237 ajunuddIna DhALa 356 ajojI 242 zabdasUci aAsa 10, 91 aNustu para aNahila pATaNa 49, 59, 296 adebhANujI 242 adesiMhajI 243 anagaDha 242 aneApasiMhajI 236 ane bhaTTa 295 pTana, nala pa aphajhalakhAna 29 abdularahIma 228 abdul salAma nadI 307 abdulha, maulavI 23 abdulahusena nUruddIna 371 abdullA 225 abdullA saiyada 231, 309, 310, 325 abhayasiMha 41-43, 51, 53 54, 235, 240 abherAjajI 238 abharAma 320 amadAvAda 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16-18, 21-23, 38 40, 42-43, 45-47, 50, 53-55, 57-58, 60, 65-}}, 69-70, 72-80, 82-83, 8890, 93, 98, 101, 103, 106-107, 110-114, 117,. 121, 123, 132, 133, 136, 140, 149, 155-117, 119, 162-167, 165, 174, 221, 235, 249-25, 267-268, 277, 279, 281, 285, 228, 290, 299, 302, 303, 301, 309-313, 317-318, 321322, 330, 336, 338, 341, 343, 345, 347, 352,

Page #456
zabdasUci [ a. 354, 362, 367-368, 371, ahamadazAha (mughala) 15, 16, 226, 377, 380, 382-383, 392- ' 241, 267-268, 273, 297,408 393, 400, 406, 4060 ahamada zekha 5 amarajI divAna 5, 173, 178- ahamada (juo ahamadazAha mughala). 179, 217, 303, 311 ahalyAbAI hATakara 320, 341amarasiMha 219, 235 342, 349-350 amastI 8, 146, 167, 238, 240 aMkalezvara 12, 92, 96, 98, ra75, 305, 338, 349-350, 353 327 amIjI 1 lA 238 aMjAra 170, 172, 339, 380, amIjI 2 jA 238 384 amIcaMda 403 aMbara 29 amRtadharma 295 aMbA 19 amRtarAva ApAjI 17, 90, 99 aMbAjI 61 amRtasAgara 306 aMbArAma 304 arajanajI 242 AkalUra 91 araDAI 237 AgrA 29 arIkhAna 242 AcArya hemacaMdra 391 ala, kepTana 132 AjhAda muhammada husena 308 arikana kara ATakoTa 173 alAuddIna 244 ADesara 354 aliyAjI 243 ANaMdapura 173, 239 alIghora (AlamagIra) 17 ANaMda megarI 91 alI navAjhakhAna 71, 230-233 AtarasuMbA 238 alI muhammadakhAna 4, 66, 310 AtmArAma bhAu 224 asAIta 387, 394-395 AdityarAma lakSmIdatta 284 asIragaDha 36 AdhoI 354 ahamada 159 AnaMdajI 243 ahamada barelI, sayada 324-25 AnaMdadeva 241 ahamadabega 226 AnaMdarAva-ANaMdarAva gAyakavADa 12, ahamadazAha abdAlI 33, 59, 80, 15, 17, 107, 100-110, 82, 222, 309 112, 118, 133, 137-138, I-7-28

Page #457
434 ] marAThA kAla 14, 157, 162-164, 224, IsmAIla zekha bina abdula rasUla 269, 275, 340 326-327 AnaMdAzrama svAmI 318 zlenDa 227, 399-402, 406 AnAjI 18 dara 31, 35, 341, 349 AnAbA (AnaMdarAva) 17 iMdrajI, bhagavAnalAla 406 ApA gaNeza 17, 78-82, 89- idrasiMhajI 243 90, 99 IDara 9, 20, 235, 241, 243, AbAjI geviMda 18, 102 300 AbAsAheba kRSNarAva 17 IliyaTa, epha. e. eca. 8 Abu 394 ujajana 296 AmaraNa 175 uttama (otiyA) 21, 279 Amoda 44, 98, 121, 149, uttamavijaya 294 155, 165, 227, 301 udayapura 21 , Abusa, phAdhara 33ra udayasiMhajI 243 Argoma 164 udAjI pavAra 31, 49, 51-para Alama alIkhAna 48 udepura 300 AlamagIra (Alimagira) 2 je ra67- udejI paramAra 41 268, 297 unatA 353 AzakaraNa 171 unAvA kare AsaphajahAM ra30-231 upAdhyAya, kuMvarajI jAdavajI 5 AsAI 164 umarANa 60 Ase 35ra umareTha 122, 165, 300, 344, Ahamada habIba 407 356 IcchAbhAI zeTha 322 umAbAI, dAbhADe kara-43, 53- inAyata zekha bina zekha dAku 312 54, 56 IbrAhIma 12, 172 umeTA 69, 234-235 IbrAhIma muhammada yAkutakhAna 228 umedasiMhajI 236 ilela 353 ura pattana (olapADa) 293 IzAbApakhAna 253 uvArasada 275 IsmAIla zAha 325 ustAda mansura 383

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zabdasUci [ 435 usmAna 218 kaDANA 236 usmAnakhAna 219-220 kAda 95, 165 UMjhA 72, 353, 394 kaNajarI 275 -trapabhasAgara 306 kaNAda 294 ecIsana, sI. yu. 2, 4, 13 katAragAma 341 edalakhAnajI 216 kapaDavaMja 51, 59, 66, 92, 129, edalajI dastUra 328 135, 165 - edalajI pharAmajI zeThanA 402 kapUrA ra75 edalajI saMjANa 328 kamalavijaya 306 eksa saiyada 226 kamAludInakhAna 178, 240 eliphesTana, mAunTa TuarTa 3, 118- kamiyAlA ra75 120, 15ra, 160, 164 karaNajI 242 kudIkhAna 227 karaNasiMha 219 - aisanDana 399 karanALI pa0, 304, 386 okhAmaMDaLa 147, 165, 174 karamajI dAmajI 407 evuM 353 karazana 218 otiyo juo uttama. karaseTajI zeTha modI 150 olapADa 121, 155 karAlI 245 jiya, jera97 400 kariyANuM 173 auraMgajheba 29-30, 37-38, 84, karnAka, kepTana 154, 157, 163, ra35, 237, 240, 266, 307- 176 308 karmacaMda 19 auraMgAbAda 23, 60 kalakattA 96-97, 110, 161 kaccha myujhiyama 365, 368 kalejI 177 kaTosaNa 72, 23pa-23, 238 kalela 241 kaThalAla 275 kalyANaparA 245 kAra ra75 kahAnadAsa lakhamIcaMda 19 - kaDI 12, 91, 105, 107-110, kaMDIla 161 123, 129, 135, 138, 140, kaMDoraNa 175 160, 163-165, 236, 338- kaMthAjI kadama bAMDe 38, 43, 47-53, 339, 344, 349 61

Page #459
436 ] marAThA kAla kAusensa 23 kITiMga, karnala 92-95, 129-130 kAkAjI sAheba 18 160 kAnajI 240 kutiyANa 176, 303 kAnama 302 kutubuddIna (hAphijhuddIna ahamadakhAna) kAnajI 240 234 kAnhAjI agre 31 kubeAlama zAha 312 kAjI tapakIra 56 kumArapAla 297 kAnhojI bheMsale para kurasata modI 116 kAnhAjIrAva gAyakavADa 104-105, kuzasthalI 390 107, 109, 110, 112, 134- kuMDalA 73, 239 135, 137-139, 148 kudaraDI 353 kAmetakara, goviMda gopAla 132 kuMbhAjI 50 kAlidAsa 301 kuMbhojI 1 lA (gAMDaLa) 237 kAlela ra75 kuMbhAjI re jA (gAMDaLa) 178-19, kAvasajI kharazedajI jIjI medI 217 401 kuMvarajI lAdhA zAha 355 kAvasajI jahAMgIra 402 kuMDhelA 98, 131 kAvasajI nAnAbhAI dAvara 405 kRSNajI 38 kAvasajI rustamajI paTela 401 kRSNabAI 320 kAvasajI hIrajI gAMdhI 401 kedArajI 231 kAzIbAI 123 kenI, karnala 226 kAzIrAva 35 kempabela, je. ena. 413 kAsIpatha bAbA 17 kayAmuddIna ahamada 325 kALu 78 keravADA 35ra kAMkareja 236 kerAi 48 kAMyAjI 243 kevadarA 218 kispArAma nAgara 6 kevalapura 300 kizana) vada 7, 313 kevaLarAma, kezavasuta 22 kizoradAsa 305 kezava 301 kizAra harakhA 19 kezavajI jAdavajI 45 kIkajI 242 kezoda 217

Page #460
zabdasUci [ 430 kesarIsaMgha lAdhA 355 kesarIsiMha 404 kesarIsiMhajI (khaDAla) 238 kesarIsiMhajI (bhAdaravA) 242 keLakara, vAya. ena. 2, 411 koTaDA-pIThA 170 kiTavALa, aradezara 318, 335 kiDInAra 217 koparagAMva 95, 104 korala 140, 163 'kerA 170 kolisa, loDa 133 kelibruka, TI. I. 415 kelavaDA 241 kahApura 29, 31 kalAka, . bI. 13 kSamAkalyANugaNi 295-296 kSemavardhana 307 khaDAla 237-238 kharadezajI pahoMcAjI pADe 409 khare, vI. vI. 2, 411 khalIphA sulatAna 11 khaMDerAva gAyakavADa para, 55-56, 60, 73-74, 70, 82, 91-93, 9, 105, 127, 129-131, 135, 160, 338, 405 khaMDerAva dAbhADe 31, 38, 41, 47-48, 61 khaMbhAta 6, 10-15, 21, 40, jara-43, 45, 50-51, 54, 58-59, 66-70, 72, 77, 80-82, 84, 92, 105, 107, 129, 132, 136, 159-160, 221-226, 267, 281-282, 285, 289, 33, 338, 344, 380, 404-405 khAkharA 174 khAdIme rasUlanA zeha 253 khAnadAna bazI 6 khAnadeza 49, 50 khAnasiMhajI 236 khAnAjI 235 khIjalapura 345 khurazedajI pharadunajI pArekha 406 khuzAlacaMda zeTha 29, 322 khuzAla harakha 19 . kheDa 30 kheDA 22, 76, 280, 303 khetojI 24ra khemajI 236 kherALu 60, 88 khezanana (mullAM pharejha) 328 khabarakara, vi. ga. 84, 412 gajanapharakhAna 217 gajarAbAI 107-108, 134, 138 gajasiMhajI 242-243 gaDhaDA 238, 318 gaNapatarAva gAyakavADa 110, 16 3 gavarIbAI 300, 303, 320 gahenAbAI 107, 137, 141, 150, 153, 342

Page #461
438 ] gAMgajI 242 gagA 394 gaMgAdattajI mAhezvarajI 339 gaMgAdhara zAstrI 3, 116-119, 122, 147, 143, 147-152, 163, 412, 414-415 gagAbAI 91, 123, 128 gAMgA 174 gAMdhI, mahAtmA 369 gAMbhu 353 giradhara 305, 320 giranAra 364, 386 giridharajI 304 gIdaDa 216, 218 guDagaDha 164 gupta, paramezvarIlAla 275 gulAkhavijaya 3.0 6 gulAmaalI zAha 356 gulAma zAha 199 gulAma husenakhAna 66 guMjA 353 gese, je. eca. 3 gemilI, jahAna phrAnsis 330 gAkuladAsa tejapAla 405-406 gokuLa 344 gAheDA 300-302 goDajI 2 jA (kaccha) 169, 172-174, 27, 287 gADA 97-98, 101, 103, 131-132, 161-162 sarADA phAla godharA 39, 44, 129 gAdhiyA (gAradhana) 279 gApAla 299-300 gApALarAva 6, 89, 313 1 geApALAna6 317 geApInAca 241 gAvadhanarAma 322 geAvA 35, 331 gAvi darAva gAyakavADa 17, 60-61, 82, 89-94, 96, 104-107, 116-118, 120, 125-131, 133-137, 110, 152, 160, 223, 411, 414 goviMdarAma dalapatarAma 19 goviMdarAma rAjArAma 303 gAviMdarAma vaiSNava 301 gAsvAmI geAva nezajI 350 gALavA 303 gALA 3para gAMDaLa 144, 178, 218, 237, 313: gautama 294 grInavuDa 101 glAsa 72 gvAliyara 31, 103, 388 dhanazyAma 317 ghATIlA 172 ghIvALA, jagAbhAI 371 ghuDuM 166 ghelAbhAI padamazI 404 ghAtrA 107, 136, 221, 287,. 360, 371 gheADIAla 352

Page #462
zabdasUci [ 39 cakradhara svAmI 316 carakhaDI 216 calALA 147 caleDA ra75, 353 caMdragupta maurya ra97 caMdrasena 31 caMdrAvatI 236 cAI 146 cANoda 300, 321, 342, 386 cAparaDA 179 cArlsa ra je 399 cAMdA 241 cAMdajI 241 cAMdoda 304 cAMdera 359 cAMdarakara, jI. ke. 411 cAMpAnera 38, 50, 102, 234, 244, 388 cittaLa 239 cittoDa 21 cimaNA-cimanAjI ka2, 40, 51, 105-107, 135-136 cIkhalI 94, 109, 10, 161 cInubhAi mAdhavalAla 336 cUMvALa 8 bArI 8, 171 eravADa 217-218 chatrasAla, jAma 271, 389-390 chabIlArAma 313 chANI 50 choTAudepura 51, 285 choTAlAla 336 jaganasiMhajI 238 jagannAthapura 299 jagarUpasiMhajI 236 jagA puruSottama luhAra 43 jaDezvara 341, 349 janakajI 68 jamazedajI kherI ra91 jamazedajI jAmApajI dastura 328 jamazedajI jIjIbhAI 403 jayasiMha (aMbara) 29 jayasiMhajI 1 le (dhoLa) 177 jayasiMha (bhAdaravA) 242 jayAnaMda 295 javAMmardakhAna bAbI ra-43, 45- 46, 55, 58-19, 65, 74,. 78, 81, 84, 221 jazavaMtasiMhajI 235 jasadaNa 173-174, 239 jase 240 jasojI (koTaDA-sAMgANI) 237 jasojI (navAnagara) 17ra-177 jahAMgIra 330, 335 jajIrA 35, 238, 400 ja pUrI 343 jaMbusara 21, 44, 49, 55, 5, 79-80, 121, 155, 159, 165, 221, 226, 403 jAnIbAI 303 jAnajI bhoMsale 33, 88 jApharAbAda 238

Page #463
440 ] marAThA kAla jAmakhaMbhALiyA 174 je-jetejI 241-242 jAmanagara 321, 323, 371, 389- jesara 240 390, 397, 405 jesalamera 296 jAmajI 236 jainAbAda 353 jAlamasiMha (kAMkareja) 237 joDiyA 175, 287 jAlamasiMhajI rajA (kaDANuM) 236 jodhapura 8, 51, 113, 235, 240 jAvA 288 jodhAjI 242 jAsapura 24ra jonAthana DaMkana 106 jijAbAI 28 jorAvarakhAna 71 jinabhaktisUri 294-295 jozI, umAzaMkara 300 jinalAbhasUri ra94 jehara sIdI 29, 228 jinavijayajI, muni 23 jyotipurA 245 jinendra 296 jyotirvijayagaNi 296 jiyojI 243 jhavera harakhA zAha 19 jIjIbA 73 jhaverI, kRSNalAla mehanalAla 23 jIjIbhAI jamazedajI medI 401 jhaverI, ratanacaMda jhaveracaMda 354-355 jIrNagaDha (junAgaDha) ra95 jhAlAvADa 8, 179 jIvaNa 169 jhAleda 236 jIvarAja bAbu 405 jhAheba alIbega 68 junera 28 jhAMjharajI 234 junAgaDha 10, 22, 45, 67-68, jhAMsI 97 70, 73-74, 84, 114, 144, jhubedI abdullA 80 147, 171, 173-174, 178- TIpu sulatAna 35-36 179, 21-218, 239 240, Tempala rIcarDa 414 270-271, 285, 288, 290, TeDaramala cimanalAla zeTha 371 302, 304, 24-350, 385, Tamasa, saMta 15, 273, 329 405 ThAkarazI mULajI 407 junA rAjapIpaLA 8 ThAkoradAsa nArAyaNadAsa 371 jeDA 287. DaDalI 287 jetapura 238-239 Danalopa 280, 285 jetamalajI 240 DabhoI 41, 43-44, 51, pa3, ke ,

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zabdasUci 94, 98, 102-103, 121, tu koi hakkara 35 129-131, 155-156, 11, tulajArAma, sukharAmasuta 302 165, 221, 300, 303 tUNA 287 DabhoDA 353 tegabegakhAna 229-231 DaMkana 108, 138, 163 tejakaraNajI 237 DAkera 42, 80, 302, 320, 341, tejakuMvara rAjArAva zAha 19 345 tejapAla 297 DisakaLakara, DI. bI. 23 tejamalajI 237 DIdhe, vI. jI. 3, 414 teravADA 236, 240 DIsA 220 travADI, kRSNa arjuna 321 Dumasa 92 trAkuDA 216 DuvA 8 trima bAroTa 340 DuMgarapura 300 trikamadAsa vaiSNava 302 DayA 216 yaMbaka 119 Desala veNa 170 tyaMbakajI 118 DesojI ra43-244 tyaMbakajI DuMgaLe 102, 116-117, takhatAbAI 149-150 11-12, 150, 15ra -taLAjA 77, 222-223 tyaMbaka nArAyaNa 17, 90, 99 taLegAMva 49, 161 yaMbaka makanajI 101 tANA 236 tyaMbaka mukuMda 18, 6, 76-77, tAtyA majumadAra 149 79, 82, 87 tAnasena 385 yaMbakarAva dAbhADe 41-42, 5, 54 tAnA 388 tharA 236, 35ra tAraMgA 354 tharAda 239-240 tArAcaMda motIcaMda cInAI 45 thANA 34, 327, 407 tArApura 82 thAna 238 tArAbAI 30, 30, 44, 56-57 thAmaNa 339 tAMjora 360 thAlA 275 - tAMdalajA 60 thAbhaNa 392 tAMbekara, gopALa jaganAtha 320, 341 damaNa 8, 247, 3 - 31, 3para, tAMbekara, jaganAtha 345 355

Page #465
442 ] damAjI gAyakravAra 1 lA 38, 47- 48, 61 --2 jo 7, 17, 22, 42-45, 49, 5-61, 64-66, 68-70, 73, 76-77, 82, 87-89, 94, 125-127, 130, 143, 219, 222, 225-226, 231, 233, 341, 348, 349 370, 388 divALIbAI 303 dayArAma 300, 304, 305, 319, disAvaLa 236 392 darajasiMha 237 rAparA 3para dariyAkhAna 2 jo 242 dariyAkhA 344 darzonasAgara 306 dalapata nAgara 303 dalapatarAma, kavi 20, 335 dalapatasiMhajI 243 dahegAma 135 dahejamArA 55, 57 dAjI paTela 61 dAjIbhAI 179 sarAhA kAla dADA 240 dAdAjI koMDadeva 28 dAdAba dastUra 328 dAdAbhAI jamazedajI zeTha 401 dAdAbhAI nauzaravAnajI 327, 401 dAmanagara 350 dAmeArAzrama 304 dAvaDI 51 dAheAda 38, 111 dAMtA 219 diyAdara 240-241 dilerakhAna 217 dilhI 17-18, 30, 34, 40, 48, 51-12, 59, 80, 81, 84, 224225, 230, 270, 296, dInAnAtha bhaTTa 298, 314 dIpa 306 dIvijaya 20-21 dIpazA 18 dIpasi'ga 70, 74, 76 dIva 273, 285, 331, 403 duA 352 durgApura (gaDhaDA) 299 dUdhaI 353 dUradunajI marjhabAna 328 dUrAmajI aspaMdI ArjI rakhaDI,. dastUra 328 dethANa 302 deAjI 179 derAbajI nAnAbhAI 399 devagaDha bAriyA 110 devagAMva 36 devajI 236 devaDA 179 devaratna 306 devazaMkara bhaTTa, purAhita 293 devaLI 242

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devAna6 319 devIsiMhajI 236 devAjI 179, 237 dezaLajI 1 le 270 dezAI, umiyAzaMkara 349 dezAI, zaMbhubhAI 23 desameArA 121, 155, 165 desAI, kizAradAsa 6 desAI, geApAladAsa 371 desAI, jI. esa. 413 desAI, sudhA 395 dehavANa 221, 227 Ama 34 dorAbajI nAnAbhAI 408 dorAbajI rUstamajI paTela 399, 403 dhrulatarAva siMdhiyA 105-106, 109-110 dolatasiMha (kAMkareja) 237 dolatasiMhajI (kaMDANA) 236 daura 133 zabdasUci dvArakA 8, 113, 147, 154, 321, 349-350, 386, 390, 394 dhanajIbhAI 287 dhanAjI jAdava 37 dhamaDakA 171 dharamapura 29, 134 dharmaja 129 [ 443, dhIrA bhagata 300, 301, 303, 320 dhuNavAva 175 dhArAjI 178 dhAlerA 281, 299 dhALakA 8, 12, 4,4 49, 11, 74, 37, 109, 140, 142, 163 164, 311, 400 dhaMdhukA 44, 107, 136, 244, 363 dhAjI dAdAjI 153-154 dhAmA 353 dhrAMtaravara146 dhINAja 353 dhrAMgadhrA 73, 173 dhruva, Anadazakara 320 dhrUjI 236 AALa 144, 177 najamuddIna 13, 340 najamuddaulA najamakhAna 11 najAmuddIna khAnajI 22 naDiyAda 44, 73-74, 76, 79, 93 105, 108, 109, 135, 139-140, 142, 160, 163, 164, 338-340, 344 nathukhAna 216 nathujI 237 nathubhAI 244 nathuzA 18 naracaMdrasUri 386 narabhA-narabherAma 302 narasiMha mahetA 385, 391-392 navarAjajI rUstama zeDanA 400 navarAjajI sArAbajI zeH 402 navalarAma 310 navasArI 327, 401-403 navAnagara 12, 15, 144, 171-175, 177-198, 241, 270, 285 navApura 48

Page #467
44 ] marAThA kAla navAba alI saiyada 22 nirAMta bhagata 302, 320 nasIruddIna 234 niSkuLAnaMda svAmI 318-319 naMdazaMkara lAbhazaMkara 34ra nImA pArekha 400 naMdAjIrAva 48 naruddIna najamuddaulA 11 nAgapura 32, 35, 359 naruddIna husene kAjhI 7 nAthadvArA 173 nekanAmakhAna 80 nAthajI 177, 179 nemavijaya 306 nAdirazAha 709 paTavardhana, pI. ena. 3, 140, 412 nAnA phaDanavIsa 34-35, 91, 97, paTavA, kapuracaMda rikhavadAsa 356 104-106, 109, 128, 131, paTela, ena. ena. 361 134-136, 161 paTela, kahAnadAsa 339 nAno 304 paTela, baLadevabhAI 371 nApADa 107, 136 paTela, vAghajI 61 nAjI 243 paTela, hemALA 394 nArAyaNa 235 patarAmala mANeka 154 nArAyaNarAva TAcakA 102 vijayagaNi 204, ra96, 306 nArAyaNarAva pezavA 21, 34, 91, 128 pahAlA 29 nArU paMDita 68-69 parasanIsa, DI. bI. 414 nAsika 119, 359 parIkha, rasikalAla 394 nAsirapaMga 32 palazIkara paMDita 123 nAhAnAbhAyi (nAnAbhAI) 29 pavAra 31 nAMdeda 49, 50 paso paTela 306 nikerA 352 paMcAla, bhAnubhAI 371 nijhAma 33, 34, 38 ' paMDayA, jIvaNarAma vallabharAma 19 nijhAmaalI 33, 36, 28 paMDayA, premAnaMda 344 nijhAma-ula-mulka (nijhAmudbhutaka)31, paMDharapura 19, 15ra 225-226 pATaNa 10, 1ra-13, 42-43, 4panijhAmuddIna 23, 234, 284 46, 58, 60, 65, 74, 78, nijhAmuddIna zekha valade zekha mahamada 80, 88, 320-3ra1, 322, yAhyA 311 336, 340-341, 348, 353, nityAnaMda 317 368, 371, 380

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zabdasUci [ 445 pAdarA 50, 53, 148 pUjA zeTha 169 pArakara 239 pRthurAja 170 pAlaNapura-pAlanapura 71-72, 218- pRthusiMhajI 245 221, 240, 289, 35ra pRthvIrAjajI (ra jo) 243 pAlItANe 353 peTalAda 44, 55, 68, 81, 82, pAvAgaDha 38, 51, 11-111, 164 107, 157, 165, 221 pAsare 60 po, DI. (3 jA) ra73 pALiyAda 351, 363 pethApura 241-242, 353 pAMDuraMga paMDita 66 piyujI 241 pipalANuM 317 piorabaMdara 67, 144, 179, 218, pilAjIrAva gAyakavADa 5, 38-42, 270, 272, 285, 287, 369, 47-14, 61, 123, 285 371, 407 pIja 302 piLo 241 pIpaLI 353 piDicerI 35, ra73 pIramiMyA 238 pratApasiMha ra98-299 pIrojakhAna 220, 242 prathamasiMhajI (bhAdaravA) 242 puNe-pUnA 2, 6, 14, 17-18, 21, prabhAsapATaNa 218, 323, 349 28-29, 33-35, 57, 60, prAIsa 127 68-70, 72, 74, 77, 7- prAgajI 242 80, 87, 89-9, 93-96, prAgA-prAgajI-prAgadAsa 301 104, 106, 111, 115-121, prANukuMvara 336, 348 123, 127-129, 131, prANanAtha (drAvatI) 320 133-134, 140-141, 149- prAMtIja 156 15, 160, 12, 143, 147, prinsa opha velsa myujhiyama, muMbaI 228, 23ra-ra33, 237, 255, 370, 378 259, 268, 321, 359, 360, prItama-prItamadAsa 301, 320, 344, 391, 411, 414 392 punazI devajI 404 prItisAgara 295 puraMdara, ke. vI. 2, 29 premacaMda jhaveracaMda 355 pUrIbAI 320 premacaMda rAyacaMda zeTha 405 paMjAjI 239, 241 premavijayajI ra95

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446 ] marAThA kAla premAnaMda 299, 319, 38ra bemiyA bina zekha hAmida 5 phijhuddIna 56, 231 bagadAda 280 phatehaalI khAna navAba 224 bagasarA (bhAyANI) 242 phatehakhAna balUca 240 bajANa 242 phatehamAmada 170, 171, 172, 174- baDodA juo vaDodarA 176, 338 * badaruddIna taiyabajI 405 phitehamuhammada 11 badaruddIna zekha 217-218 phirokhAnajI ra je 220, 221 banesiMhajI 236 phittehasiMha gAyakavADa (1 lo) 7, 17, bamanajI jAmAspaAzA 328 21, 11, 89-9, 93-96, 98- baravALA 173, 353 99, 101, 103-105, 12, basa, jemsa 23 127-133, 160-162, 223- basarA 280 224, 226, ra36, 243, 269, bahAdarapura-bahAdharapura 105, 121, 313, 320, 341, 348 155-156, 163, 165 - (ra ) 112, 117-119, 134, bahAdurakhAna 20, 218-219, 271 140-142, 149-157, 165, bahAdurapura (khAnadeza) 56 176, 178 bahAdurazAha 266, 408 pharAmajI mANekajI vADiyA 403 bahiyala 66, 73, 77 pharUkhasiyara 313 bahucarAjI 349 pharUkhAbAda 34 baherAmajI jIjIbhAI chApagara 403 phArIsakhAna 23ra-ra33 baMsIlAla hIrAlAla 371 phArbasa (phebsa), jemsa 3, 20, 64, bAgalANa 31 103, 279, 282-283, 335 bAjIrAva pezavA (1 ) 31, 37, phIdAuddIna 55 40-41, 51, 61, 228, 293 phIrojha 328 - (2 ) 17, 35, 36, 102phIjhakhAna 240 103, 105-106, 109, 118phirojha bina kAvasa 6, 312 119, 135, 137, 152, 165 phedarA 353 bAnAjI, DI. Ara. 3 phoresTa, Dabalyu che. 3, 413 bApajI paMDita 98-99 phebsa, jemsa (juo phArbasa, jemsa) bApu kamAvIsadAra 110 , phisTara, viliyama 3 bApu kAzI 225

Page #470
zabdasUci [ 447 bApu gAyakavADa 301 bilapADa 234 bApu nArAyaNa 79 bilAsakhAM 385 bApu merALa 149 bIlakhA 239 bAbarA 173, 245 bolImerA 61 bAbAjI ApAjI 18, 12, 108, buddhisAgara, muni 23-24 112, 114, 137, 138, 142- burahAnapura 30, 47, 91 144, 148-149, 166, 224- burziyara 72 225, 239, 341, 343, 349 begalarakhAna 270-231 bAbAjIpurA 245 becara mANekadAsa 154 bAburAva 65 beTa zaMkhedAra (beTadvArakA) 8, 165, bAyajhIdakhAna 219 349-750 -bAraDajIbAI 219 beDI 287 bArapuvADA 245 beroneTa, cInubhAI mAdhavalAla 348 bAroTa, bahAdarasiMga janakaraNasiMga belA 174 340 belenTAIna karnala 148, 154, 238 bAvela karnala 288 baiju (baijanAtha) 388 bAlakuvara 239 berasada 55-56, 106, 136, 221 bAlaMbhA 173, 175 brahmAnaMda 392 bAlAjI bAjIrAva 32,56, 59, 64, brahmAnaMda svAmI 318-319 68, 77, 70, 87, 106, 26 - bhagavaMtarAya khatrI, 20, 296 bAlAjI yAmAjI 56 ' bhagavaMtarAya zivarAma 101, 104 bAlAjIrAva 7ra, 75, 82 bhagavaMtarAva gAyakavADa 111, 116bAlAjI lakSmaNa 155, 164 118, 120, 136, 141, 150, bAlAjI vizvanAtha 31, 37-38, 15ra, 221 44-45 bhagavAna 77-78, 81-82 bAlApura 48 bhagavAnasiMhajI 236 bAlArAma 237 bhaDalI 173, 238-239 bAvAmiyAM 218 bhadrezvara 9 bAMTavA 217-218, 290 bharata muni 391 bijApura 28-29, 8, 163 bharukaccha 385 bidArabakhta 267 bharUca 6-7, 10, 12, 15, 20,

Page #471
448 ] marAThA kAla 30, 7, 44-45, 49-50, bhAlaja 165 55, 7, 80, 96-98, bhAvanagara 92, 114, 146, 174, 103-104, 110-111, 128, 223, 239, 244, 271, 288, 133, 135, 148, 159-16, 323, 322, 323, 355, 36, 164, 222, 225-228, 272, 371 ra75, 282-283, 301, 311, bhAvasiMhajI 244 316, 327, 331-334, 342, bhAskaraparA 245 35ra, 358, 403 bhAskararAva 133, 342 bhavAna 304 bhAMDArakara erienTala risarca bhavAna khavAsa 172, 174 InsTiTayUTa, pUnA 391 bhavAnIzaMkara rAya 313 bhimerA 179 bhavAnI zivarAma 17, 101 bhIkhamajI 322 bhAu sAheba 18 bhImakhojA 217 bhAkharajI 242 bhImajI 177 bhAgavata gesvAmI 347 bhImajI jIvaNajI 405 bhAgaLa para bhImajI pArekha 400 bhADalA 173, 239 bhImadeva 408 bhANajI 245 bhImarAja 36 bhANadAsa 392 . bhImazaMkara 154 bhANavaDa 175, 177 bhImasiMhajI 1 le (kaDANA) 236 bhANuvijaya 306 / -- je 236 bhAdaravA 242 bhImasI ratanasI 404 bhAjI (gajasiMha) 73 bhImajI ra43 bhAyelI 50 bhIlApura 41, para, 94 bhAramalajI (ra)-jADejA-kaccha 17ra, bhUja 10-12, 16, 170, 172, . 270 299, 351, 323, 356-3pa7, bhAramalajI 1 la (bhAdaravA) 24ra 384 - 2 je ra42 bhUtiyA vAsaNa 363 bhAramala parabata 405. bhUpatasiMhajI 177 bhAre 48 bhUpAlajI 242 bhArajI 245 bhUmAnaMda 319

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zabdasUci [ 49 bhRgupura 296 maleka lAkhA 244-245 bheTAsI 234 malo hedeja (haidarakhAna) 242 bhojarAjajI 236-237, 242 maleka haidarakhAna 244 bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda 377, malhArarAva gAyakavADa 105, 108379, 381 109, 135, 138-199, 143, bheje 320 162-163, 218, 236, 339, makabUlAbAda 49, 79 342, 344 maganalAla vakhatacaMda 99, 101-102, mahArarAva hekara 31, 36, 87 277, 291 mamaUda sIdI 232 majamUdAra, maMjulAla 392 mahamada sAleha 253-254 majamUdAra maNizaMkara jayazaMkara 23 mahamUdakhAna zekha 230 majhadakhAna 226 mahada begaDe 228, 234-2pa, maNilAla jugaladAsa 403 240, 244 madesiMhajI 236 mahamUda 3 je sulatAna 15 madrAsa 327 mahammada (muhammadazAha) 297 manarajI jIvaNajI zeTha 202 mahemada paigabaMra 267, 24 manarA (mudrA) 294 mahAdajI siMdhiyA 33-35, 97, manubAI 123 132 manahara svAmI 305 mahAnaMda 306 mamadapura 35ra mahAbatakhAna 47, 178 mayaNallA 382 mahAvIra 297 bhayAcaMda 306. mahIpatarAya che; mAyAbhAI 244 mahudhA 142 mAyAbhAI hemAbhAI 405 mahuvA 287 mayArAma bhaja 306 mahetA, udayazaMkara maMgaLajI 348 mayArAma mevADI 304 mahetA, jagajIvanarAma 172 malabAra 287 mahetA, tulajAzaMkara 7 malakacaMda 18 mahetA, nAnAbhAI 312 malo IsA 244-245 mahetA, mAnazaMkara pItAMbaradAsa 313 maleka rejhA 68 mahetA, sArAbhAI bAvAbhAI 5, 7 I-7-29

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450 ] zaherajI 242 maherAmaNajI 178 mahesANA 39, 356 maMgaladAsa naTubhAI 404 maMgaLa pArekha 137 mA bhAIyA 242 chArAma 305 majukezAnaMda 319 mANAvadara 218 mANikasAgara 306 mANeka, yAcaMda mayAcaMda 355 mANekajI 401 mANekajI navarAjajI zeThanA 401 mANekajI nazaravAnajI pITITa 404 mANekajI manacerajI 402 mAtara 142, 164 mAdhava ( mAdhavarAva 1 lA) 293 mAdhavajI dharAjha 44 marAThA kAla mAdhavarAyajI 350 mAdhavarAva tAtyA majumadAra 149 AdhavarAva 1 lA 17, 33, pa, 60, 82, 87, 88, 128, 119, 260 --2 jA (savAI) 17, 34, 35, 161, 91, 192, 105, 160, 260 --- mAta 243 mAnavijaya 306 mAnasiMha 388 mAnAjI 17 mAnAbA--mAtAjI bAbA 101, 123 mAnAjIrAva 15, 104, 133-134, 162, 224, 349 bhAyasAra 35 mAlapura 243 mArkeTa 132, 228 mAlAjI (mahAda7) 53 mAsigacha-mAsi7 237 mALavA 31 mALiyA-miyANA 144, 147, 157, 243 mALiyA-hATInA 217 mAMgarALa 217, 218, 287, 290, 317 mAMDavA 238 mAMDavI 8, 217, 287, 294, 342, 353 mAMDujI DhamaDhere 149 miyANA 147 miyAM accana (mAhInuddIna) 230-234 miyAMgAma 68, 3para mIThAlAla 310 mIra kamAluddIna 137 mIrjhA abdullAkI 11 mIrajhA amInabhega 13 mIrajhA mega 225, 226 mIrajhA muhammada jhamAna 11 mIra jhiyAuddIna 230 mIra najamuddIna 68 mIr phatehaalI 8 mIra muhammada jhale husenakhAna hamadAnI 5 mIra haidara 232 mukuMdarAya 310 mukudarAva 138

Page #474
muktAnaM6 301, 317, 319 sukhatyArakhAnajI 216 zabdasUci mugaTarAma dalapatarAma 19 -mughalaega 226 mujAhida (saiyada ahamada sarahiMdI) 325 mujAhidakhAna 219, 240 mujhaphUra gAradI 21 3 -mujhaphphpharazAha 271 munazI, jazavaMtarAya 310 munazI, naMdalAla 6, 313 munazI, bhAlaca6313 muphtakhIrakhAna 55 -mumArIjhakhAna 220 murArarAva 123 -muhammada abUda 149 muhammadaalI 229 -muhammada umara kephila 23 muhummada kAsama bina abdurrahamAna mudrA 31 muhammada grAmaoNma 232 muhammada, bAdazAha 238 muhammada bina abdula vahAba 325 [ 451 muhammada mahAbatakhAna 74 muhammada mujhA kurezI mujhaphpharAbAdI seAraDI 311 muhammada rukSma ulUha 66 muhammada lAla 45, 80 muhammada vikArakhAna 230, 231 muhammadazAha r jo 20, 38, 225, 267, 268, 27, 275, 313 muhammada zera 240 muhaMmada saradAra 78 muhammada saiyada 7 muhammada hAzama kSI 6 8 muhaMmada pannA 16 9 muMjapura 60, 88 muMdrA 287 muMbaI 20, 22, 23, 35, 77, 97, 112, 133, 153, 155, 223, 225, 227, 231, 233, 234, 267, 273, 274, 287, 321, 327, 333, 335, 399, 402, 405 muhammada kulIkhAna 224 -muhammadakhAna 70, 75, 78, 81, 82, 84, 321 muhammada jahAM habazI 75-6, 78, 80 muhammada jhamAna 72 muhammada daurAna 69 muhammada payagaMbara jue maha Mmada 384 paiga bhara muhammada phajhale husenakhAna hamadAnI mIra meghajI zeTha 170 3 11 megharAjajI 240 -muhammada bahAdurakhAna 71 mepaDA 220 mUladAsa mahAtmA 301 mU lujI 179 mULajI jeThA 404 mekarDe 171, 172, 339, 34,

Page #475
452] marAThA kAla merAmaNa 172, 173, 14, 239 mehamadI bAga ra31 meriyA 1 lI ra73 mehammada saiyada, mIra 308, 31ra meru khavAsa 169, 218 yazavaMtarAva para merUtuMga 20, 297 yazavaMtarAva dAdA 154 meleTa 92 yazavaMtarAva dabhADe 42 mevAsa 22 yazavaMtarAva holkara 36 mevAsA 239 yazovijayajI 294 meMdaraDA 239 thAkata ra-28 mokAjI 245 yAkubakhAna 400 mojhAMbika 287 yAdavarAva bhAskara 136 meTAlAla 238 yezubAI 30, 343 meDajI 177, 243 rakhamAjI 245 moDAsA 71, 243 raghucha bhesale 32, 36. meherA 142 raghunAthajI 173,15, 179 motIcaMda 19 radhunAthajI, muni 3rara motIcaMda motIzA 404 raghunAtha mahIpatarAva 12,12, 106metIcaMda zivacaMda 355 279 manapura 146 'raghunAtharAva (rAbA-nAnA sAheba mebeda pharadunajI marjhabAna 402 17, 21, 33, 4, 45, 58 beda pharAmarojha rUstama kherazeda 31ra 60, 7, 87, 88, 89,91-98 mInakhAna 1lA 42, 43, 45, 1be-105, 1ra 6 128-130 46, 54, 55 + 135, 36, 159-11, 223. -2 jA 13, 58, 19, 65-70, 413 72, 77, 80-83, 221- raNachoDa 392 224, 226, 281, 282 raNachoDajI dIvAna 4, 6, 173, 17, merabI 144, 243, 245, 281, 217, 3ra0 288, 353 raNachoDajI (dhIMgaDajI) 304 morArajI gokuladasa 407 raNuDadAsa 69 7, 310 merArarAva 163 - raNadhIrasiMhajI 243 merA dIkSita 155, 164 raNamala 68, 170, 72. melI 227 raNamalla 17.

Page #476
zabdasaci [ 453 ratana zeThANI 345 rANA kaMDoraNa 218 ratanasiMha bhaMDArI 43, 53-5 rANI vALA 146 ratnamaNirAva 102 rANojI (kaTosaNa) 236 -ratnavimala 306 rANojI (vadhA-valabhIpura) 244 -ratnasAgarajI 3pa6 rANAjI siMdhiyA 31 ratnAgiri 34 rAdhanapura 8, 10, 12, 22, rasulAbAda 229 45, 49, 60, 88, 149, raMgavijaya 21, 296, 306 178, 235, 240-241, -raMgojI 43, 4, 54, 56 289, 294, 371 rAdhava (raghunAtharAva) 293 rAnera (rAMdera) 293 -rAdhavadAsajI 236 rAmakRSNa mahArAja 344 rAdhu rAmacaMdra 13, 18, 78, 1 02 rAmacaMdra pa7, 306 279 rAmacaMdra kazana 102 -rAghuzaMkara 81 * rAmacaMdra kRNa 281 rAjI 221 rAmacaMdra baLavaMta 56 -rAbA juo raghunAtharAva. rAmanagara 29 rAjakeTa 144, 174, 178, 2 37, rAmabAI 281 239, 288 rAma rAjA 34, 44 rAjagaDhI 170 rAmarAva zAstrI 90, 126 -rAjanagara (amadAvAda) ra94-296 rAmavijaya 306 rAjapIpaLA 49, 59, 237 rAma zAstrI 294 rAjaratna 306 rAmasiMhajI 235 rAjavADe, vi. ke. 41ra rAmAnaMda 299 -rAjazaMkara 7, 31-2 rAmAnaMda svAmI 317 rAjazekhara 386 rAmAnujAcArya 318 rAjasabAI 31 rAyagaDha 29 rAjArAma 29, 30, 37, 47 rAyacaMda 306 -rAjA rAmadeva 406 rAyadhaNajI 2 jA, rAva 15, 169rANakadeva 241 172, 174-175, ra70, 351, rANapura 107, 136, 176, ra90, - 363, 384 371 rAyadharajI 242

Page #477
454] marAThA kAla rAvajI ApAjI divAna 104, 106- lavajI nasaravAnajI vADiyA ra87. 108, 110, 112, 134, 136- 400-401, 140, 343 laDana 23, 313 . rAvabA dAdA 106 lAkaDiyA 353 ricArDasa 284 lAkhAjI, rAva 351 rIrI 388 lAkhecha, jAma 172, 178 ruAte giradhArImala 6 lADabIbI 51 phanulhaka kALa 12, 253 lADola 353 rudradAmA 386 * lAlacaMda 306 rustama alI 39 lAlajI mahArAja 342 rustama alI khAna 50, 61 lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdira rustamajI kerazAspaLa 99, 401 377-379, 381 rustamajI baherAmajI saMjANa lAlamiyAM ra je 238 (328, lAMghaNaja 353 rUghanAthadAsa 392 , lImadevajI 236 rU5i dhanajI 399, 406, 409 lIMbaDI 72, 221, 236, 294 rUpavijaya 307 luNAvADA 70, 74-76, 81 rUpasiMhajI 238 lubina, meM. da. seMTa 96 rUpAla 241 lUNakaraNa 242 revAzaMkara viSNava 302 lekhe 232 revAzaMkara zAstrI 386 lakhaMDavAlA 23 rehAka, I. 23 leNAvalA 44 rAmaTa 296 lethala 385 lakSmIdAsa kArabhArI 17ra lakA 353 lakSmIzaMkara zAstrI 71 lehagaDha 44, 57 lakhadhIrajI 242 leheja 317 lakhatara 245 lyuthara, mArTina 334 lakhapatajI 69, 169, 247, 351, vakhatacaMda khuzAlacaMda 18, 279, rara356-357, 363 vakhatasiMhajI (jodhapura) 235 lambivijaya 306 vakhatasiMhajI rAvaLa (bhAvanagara) 174 lallubhAI rara7 239, 271

Page #478
vajAjI 240 jekaraNa 241 vajesiMhajI 238, 242 vajojI 2394 vaTavA 280 DagAMva 35, 97 zabdasUci variyAva 130 vadhamAna mahAvIra 294 vaDAdarA 2, 6, 10, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, 38, 40-42, 50, 11, 53, 66, 68, 82, 90, 91, 94, 96, 98, 104, 105, 108-110, 112, 114, 116, 118-119, 127, 129-13, 132, 134, 131, 137, 140, 141, 143, 145, 147-154, 117, 160, 162-164, 175, 194, 225, 227, 245, 249, 269, 279, 288, 300, 301, 323, 327, 329, 331, 333, 334, 338, 341-343, 345, 406, 411 vaDAdarA myujhiyama 36 8-369 --inDiyana ArTa gaeNlerI 366 vArasIbAI 320 vAda 244 varajIvanadAsajI mAdhavadAsa 403 varisaMha 241 varaseHjI 240 varasADA 235 vaDatAla 298, 299, 317 vaDanagara 40, 60, 88, 380, 388, vallabhAcAya 304 vavANiyA 281, 287 389 valasADa 49, 96, 352 valiyuddIna nAjhima zekha 12 valIullAha zAha 324-325 vallabhadAsa zeTha 405 vallabha mevADA (dheALA) 392-393 vasaI 34, 35, 103, 10 vasanajI trI*majI zeTha 406 vasaMtagaDha 120 vasAvaDa 238, 301 vasA 50, 61, 371 vastA 287 [ 455 vastupAla 297 vaLA-valabhIpura 146, 244 vaMthaLI 56 vAgaDa 172, 243, 338 vAghajI dIvAna 169, 177 vAdhapura 353 vAtrasiMhajI 243 vAdheAjI 218 vAjasUra khAcara 103, 239 vATu 245 vADa, jI. sI. 412, 414 vADAzinera 22, 45, 53, 70, 75, 7680, 82 vAtama 352 vArAhI 244, 245 vAleDA 244

Page #479
jaws ] marAThA kAla valeDa 257 visanagara 59, 6, 7, 84, 88, vAsaNa mArujI 344 139, 353 vAsada 91, 242 vIrajamallajI 243 vAMkAnera 175, 351, 353 vIradhavala 297 vAMsadA 1, 110 vIrapura 70, 76, 245, 246 vijaya 295 viramagAma 39, 44, 54, 156 vijayadurga 34 vIravijaya 306, 322 vijayapura 295 vIrasada 61 vijayalakSmI sari 295 vIro bhagata 302 vijayasaubhAgyasuri ra95 visanagara juo visanagara. vijApura 1,71, 73, 147, 142, vaseja lA (bajANu) 242 164, 145, 323, 380 -2 jA 242 vijepALajI ra42 vajI (vaLA-valabhIpura) 244 viThThalagaDha 245 vRddhisAgarasUri 38ra viThThala narasiMha 117 vejA jegiyA khumANa 237 viThThala nArasiMga 150 vejo 240 viThThalarAva devAjI 81, 82, 11ra, veDarabana 227 114, 143, 143, 14, 167, venisa 283 336, 350 verAgAma 5 viThThalarAva bAlAjI 102 verAvaLa 179, 287, 353 viThThalarAva bhAu 148 velajI bhAlu. 405 viThThala zivadeva 45 velajIbhAI lakhamasI 406 vidyAnaMda svAmI zrIvAstava 1 velelI, loDa 35 vibhojI, jAma 245, 272 veMkAi 268 viliyama enDa prAIsa 340 vikara, mejara 108-110, 112, 114, viliyama karI 334 138, 140-142, 144 14viliyama phAivI, reva. 334, 335 148, 154, 163, 166, 167, viliyamsa 163 171, 175, 177, 178, 218, vizAlavijayajI 23 225, 244, 263, 288 vizvAsarAva 77 voTasana, je. Dabalyu. 23 viSNudAsa 302 vorana heMTiMgsa 5, 161

Page #480
zabdasUci [ 57 velesa, Dabalyu. Ara. 3 - 2 je 34 zAMtidAsa jhaverI 22, 322 vijalAla 67 zinera 98, 103, 163 zatAnaMda muni-297-199, 314, ziyAnagara 146 317 zivajI neNazI 405 zatruMjaya 8, 9, 322, 341, 354, zivadAsa 412 zivadAsa velajIsuta 305 zamazera bahAdura 12 zivarAma gAraDI 104, 106, 14, ziddhAra beTa 340 136, 143, 175 zabhAjI 37 zivarAya 269 zaMbhujI 29, 30 zivAjI 28, 29, 36, 37, 47, zaMbhujI 2 je 31, 32, 33 248, 268, 290, 332 zaMbhurAma 45, 66, 68, 83 zivAjI 2 je 30 zAmaLa 229, 299, 300, 320 zihera 47, 323, 371 zAmaLAjI 365 zukAnaMda svAmI 317 zAradAtana 391 zula, dazarathalAla 371 zArdUlasiMhajI 236 zujA udaulA 80 zAstrI, ke. kA. 391, 393 zujAtakhAna 38, 39, 50, 61 zAhaAlama 2 je 15, 17, 20, zulka, reva 334 228, 249, 26 7, 268, 273, zekhabahAdura (zekhUmiyAM) 5 297 zekhamiyAM 217 zAhajahAM 1 ke 22. zerakhAna 75 - 3 je 267, 271 zerakhAnajI 216 zAhajahAnAbAda 26 7 , zerakhAna dIvAna 219, 220 zAhajI 28 zerakhAna bAbI pa3, 55, 59, 67, -zAhadatakhAna 245 70, 7, 18, 84, -zAha, prabhudAsa makanadAsa 19 . zelata, jayeMdra 371 -zAha, hakubhAI 365 razelakara, AbA 21, 105, 106, zAhistakhAna 29 112, 123, 135, 136, 174 zAhu 1 le 30-30, 44, 5, para, zelakara, kazanarAva bhImarAva 102 56, 61 zelakara, kRSNarAya 123

Page #481
458 ] - marAThA kAla zelakara, bhImarAva kRSNarAva 21 sayAjIrAva gAyakavADa (1 ) para, zeSamalajI ra4ra 65, 6, 67, 70, 73, 77, zabhAmAjI (haridAsa) 304 82, 89, 90, 94, 96, 104, zobhArAma 313 126, 127, 13 0, 133, 157. zrIkaMTha 389, 390 62, 223, 269 zrIpatarAva 221 saccadI lukamAnajI 327 sakharajI 242 sarakAra, je. ena. 2, 414 sagarAma 146 sarakheja 77, 241 sagarAmajI 179, 277 saratAnajI (keTaDA-sAMgANI) 237 sacIna 228 saratAnajI (bhAdaravA) 242 saNavA 171 saratAnasiMhajI (kaDANA) 236 satArapura 244 saratAnasiMhajI (bhAdaravA) 243 satArA 30, 34, 47, 26, 15ra, saradArakhAna 217 320, 343 saradArasiMhajI (khaDAla) 238 satejI (navAnagara) 174, 176, saradArasiMhajI (paLe) 241 177 saradArasiMhajI (bhAdaravA) 243 sadAzaMkara munazI 67 saradesAI, geviMda sakhArAma 1, 2 sadAziva gaNeza 98, 101, 123 36, 411, 414 sadAziva dAdara 66, 23, 221 saradhAra 239 sadAziva balAla 68 sarapharAjhaalI saiyada 12 sadAziva rAmacaMdra 45, 64, 65, sarabulaMdakhAna 40, 41, 51, para 67-6, 70, 79, 83, 84, sarasarAma 74-76, 81 219, 222 sarasAI 179 sadAzivarAma 66, 68, 77 sarasAva 241 sadAzivarAva bhAu 59 sarasiyA 146, 217 sadubA 21, 279 salAbatakhAna 84, 216 saphadarakhAna 11, 71, 230-232 salAyA 287 samazerakhAna ra20, 221 salImakhAna 219 3 - samazera bahAdura 77 salIma jamAla 65, 6 " . samI 59, 60, 84 sahajAnaMda svAmI ra2, ra07, 316, samAM 353 318, 319, 335

Page #482
zabdasUci [ 45 12 saMkheDA bahAdarapura 105, 108, 151, 153 135, 139, 163 sujJAnasAgara 306 saMgamezvara 30 sudAmaDA 238 : saMta 236 sudAsaNa 219 saMtoka 19 sudhAkalaza 386, 391 saMte 14, 69, 72, 34, 76-79 supeDI 341, 349, 350 - saMtejI (mALiyA-miyANuM) 244 surata 5, 6, 10-15, 21, 29,. saMthAlI 173 30, 36, 38-40, 45, 49, sAgabArA 49 pa0, 57, 60, 69, 71, 72, sANaMda 241 74, 75, 92, 94, 95, 98, sAdika 12 99, 103, 106, 108, 109, sAne, ke. ena. 2 122, 127, 128, 130, 138, sAmaMtasiMhajI 241 153, 159-161, 163, 164, sAmaLa pArekha 137 222, 226, 228-234, 238, sArasA 341, 345 267, 272-74, 283, 284,. sAraMgajI 242 286, 287, 295, 301, 311, sAraMgadeva 390 320-322, 327, 328, 330sAvalI 53, 121, 134, 149, 335, 338, 340-342, 35ra, 155, 156, 165, 300 354-356, 366, 370, 371 sAMgAjI 27 382, 383, 399401, 43,. sAMthala 235 405 sAMthalI 238 surendranagara 380 siddhapura 60, 88, 157, 165, surezvara desAI 51 320, 349, 395 sulatAnamiyAM 2 jA 218 siddharAja 392 suvrata muni 298, 299 sinora 132, 3para stha 236 silavAsA 275 suMdaracha 177 suMdarajI nAgara 300 siMhagaDha 29, 30 suMdaracha zavajI 176. sItArAma dIvAna 112, 116, 118, suMdarajI sodAgara 17ra - 147, 143, 143, 148, 15, suMdaralAla 309. siMdha 8

Page #483
maka60] marAThA kAla suMvALI 400 sUrajamala (kaTosaNa) 236 -surajamala 1le-bajANA 24ra - 2 je 242 -- 3 je ra4ra -surasiMhajI (ra )-kaDANa 236 sUrasiMhajI (khaDAla) 238 sejakajI 244 seDana, sI. ena. rara. sena 37 sevakarAma 45, 6, 71, 76, saiyadaalI vachara 229 sekhaDA 142, 384 sojitrA 51, 340, 344, 35ra, 314 -sonagaDha 38, 49, 50, 5ra, 99, 129, 130, 132, 162 senavADI 245 senAbunuM 220 seminAtha 321 somarAjadeva 386 somezvara 241 sAyarAbAI ra9 serAbakhAna 229, 230 saujanyasuMdara 306 skInara, jesa 334, 335. sTrecI, sara. je. 3 spensara 72, 159 hajharata nuraalahaka ra53 mahajharata murtajA alIkhAna saiyada 22 hajharata zAha bhIkhana 65 haThIsiMha 403 haDiyANuM 176 hamIdakhAna 39, 40, 49-51 hamIrajI 242 hamIrasiMha 242 harakisanadAsa narottamadAsa 403 harakhajI paTela 339 harakhAnajI 235 haragoviMda bhaTTa 305 harapALajI 235 harapALa makavANe 235, 237 harabArAma 77, 82 harabhamajI 244 harasukharAya 310 harasola 156 haridAsa 303, 388 haridAsa bAvA 350 haridAsa sUI 304 haripaMta phaDake 91, 95, 129, 140 haripAladeva 301 hariprasAda pAMDe 317 haribhakti 136 harisiMhajI 247, 238 harSavijaya 306 hasanamiyAM 172 hasojI mohita 37 haLavada 72-74, 84, 365 haMsakuMvara 12 haMsarAja 170 hAjI nurUllA 66 hAchamiyAM 238

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zabdasUci t hAthasaNI 240 hApa 353 hAphijha ahamadakhAna 232, 233 hAphijha gulAmahusena 148 hAphijha maUdakhAna 231 hAphrijha sIdI 231 hAphijhuddIna muhammadakhAna 231, 233, husena saiyada 12, 13, 31 341 hemAbhAI vakhatacaMdra 406 haeNsTiMgsa 35 dvAmidakhAna 174, 302 haidaraalI 33-35 hAlAra 4, 171, 173, 176 hAlAjI jADejA gAMDaLa 179 hAlAjI-jAma jADejA (navAnagara) 173 heAthIjI 237 haidarAbAda 36 hAlAjI (pAcya dara) 218 hAMsoTa 98 hibdullA zekha 326, 327 himALeAjI 241 hilAla sIdI 233, 238 hIrajI jIvaNajI reDImanI 401, 402hIrajI vAcchA, meAdI 399, 400 [ 461 hIrAcaMda rAyakaraNa 355 hIMJALajI 242 hAramajajI bahumanajI vADiyA 402 hAMkhI 97, 131

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Page #486
AkRti 1-6 - 3 (1) mughala bAdazAha muhammadazAhanAM nAma tathA khitAba darzAvatI mahora (2) zAhaAlama 2 jAnI padyazailInI mahera, hijarI varSa 1202. (3) zAha Alama 2 jAnI " mAM nusa phormyulA darzAvatI mahora. (4) sa ta jayejanA keMsavALo senAno bhAratIya-phiraMgI sikko. (5) IsTa inDiyA kaMpanInA paise. phArasI zabda addala, trAjavuM tathA hijarI varSa 1246. (6) trizaLa, khagra tathA nAgarImAM " rAuzrI de" darzAvato kacchanA dezaLajI ane te

Page #487
paTTa 2 AkRti 7 thI 1ra 1 ) 11 (7) AnaMdarAva gAyakavADane bAbAzI rUpiyA. (8) AnaMdarAva gAyakavADano trAMbAno paise, phArasImAM akabara 2 jAnuM nAma tathA hijarI varSa 1228. (9-10) zivarAI paisAnI baMne bAjuo. nAgarImAM rAjA ziva' ane bIjI bAju " chatrapati " vAMcI zakAya che. (11-12) bharUcanA navAbane rUpiyA. agrabhAga(11)mAM zAhaAlama 2 jAnuM nAma, TaMkazALacina, pRSTha bhAga(12)mAM TaMkazALanu nAma-bharUca phArasImAM lakheluM che.

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paTTa 3 P : Eii : .00 che che ja 02 . . ' A A 13 ma9hArarAvano mahela, kaDI A. 14 bAlAjI maMdira, surata

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paTTa 4 A. 15 raNachoDarAyajInuM mahera, DAkora

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paTTa pa karI ja na karI A. 16 satakevaLanuM maMdira, sArasA-khaMbhALaja

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paTTa 6 A. 151 kRSNa maMdira, amadAvAda A, 18 hAkezvara maMdira, amadAvAdu

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AkRti 19 dRmAjIrAvanI chatrI, pATaNa paTTa 7

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5 8 AkRti daravAje, bhUtezvara mahAdeva, bhUtiyA vAsaNA karI che jilI arajI AkRti 21 2 400 1000 ahalyAbAInuM somanAtha maMdira, prabhAsapATaNa

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che. 2 jI hA . che , mArI AkRti 22 vRdazana, zivamaMdira, supeDI

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kATha: T riTI AkRti 23 maMDovara, muralImanohara maMdira, supeDI 4

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AkRti 25 lakhapatajInI chataraDI, bhUja che , ja ke A ke A che ke je pANI karI jIruM karI ane hirajI paTTa 11

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paTTa 12 A. 26 premacaMda lavajInI TUka paranuM madhya maMdira, zatreya

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par3ha 13 nizAnI t"; che je " koI AkRti 27 ratanaca da jhaveracaMdanuM maMdira, zagaMjaya

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59 14 ' AkRti 28 lakhapatI pIranI daragAha, lakhapata h(1)

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AkRti 29 jamAdAra phatehamAmane rAo, bhUja padma 15

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A31 lamInArAyaNa, amadAvAda A. 30 gaNapati, amadAvAda

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paTTa 17 A. 34 kubera, pALiyAda tArA re karI ja jada jada ja roja ja ' RSS : karo A. 33 viSNu, bhUtiyA vAsaNa News jI re, kAramAM ( Soo ja che ke chejo A vika rIte ja kA [ A. 32 umAmahezvara, amadAvAda

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paTTa 18 che ke A A ja che AkRti 35 pratIhAra, bhImanAtha

Page #504
paTTa 19 SS : karI che A. 37 pALiye, zAmaLAjI * ja . ha - che. A. 36 tApasa, sojitrA ja. : 0000 karI che. jo ke nA roja karI che A upara zika . 300 karoDa raka karI ra ja che

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paTTa 20 che karI ( hA hA hA kahI che. ? A. 38 mahiSAsuramardinI, surata A. 39 gaurI maMdira, baroDA myujhiyama

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A. 40 padmAvatI, barADA myujhiyama K543 A. 41 dIpalakSmI, khADA myujhiyama paTTa 21

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paTTa 22 AkRti 42 bAlakRSNane jhulA, baroDA myujhiyama

Page #508
ka che je is obs jI joI rahI hatI ja TIkA kara ra ja 3 karI che. karI jo A thaI ja kisa ka jethI Wife Son karI de ja ja je arajI karI rahI hatI ke je dIkarA rI rahI . je karI rahI . . . of , darajI karI hatI che. te ja je karI hatI je rIte ja jo ja ra ra rararara karI 'DO : jAka che . A che . A che je je che karI S00 che A : 350 ra '. ja A rIja para AkRti 43 arAvata, kaccha myujhiyama, bhUja

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paTTa 24 A. 44 aMbikA, baroDA myujhiyama = 3 = ) A. 46 mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA makAnanI kotaraNI, porabaMdara

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57 25 kAkA AkRti 47 thI 49 vAvadhAriNIo, baroDA myujhiyama

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paTTa 26 A. 45 nArIkuMjara, amadAvAda A. 10 chaDIdAra, surata myujhiyama

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paTTa 27 89386 00000 88888888888886003 880030038 & 6800 nimAkavi kAtinA janAematrA 20888 3030 1868383800000000000 860888560000058888888800000000000008 330 88003000 & 004B00GBT2009 &0000 00030836 800 230 838 388804 80000000000000000 mAmAnAvayamArAtAra 1000 niniyadyAnAdhanAnitigrAma nAyava jAsatraera syamatrANamatrapAragAramA &00000000000 30 100 1922) 22 lelale 02 DECat KEERTRESEDIESELimlyn OTER 8 2008 Haala vAnumAtaERZATTAEmamanavAnAAmavanakA nabanA Basstt| gbe| eiabe neb naa / 888888888888888888888885668 888888888888888888888888888 38805809005888888800280000 MnArAmAnanacabAnAramA ramAdISTAvamabArabatimAnamAvadA LAR BEIROELE REPARIH ARATEMEERUERIESIANP HAMAARAMINE 189300908780888000 A. 51 " aDhAra zIlAMga- ratha "mAMnuM citra, amadAvAda

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9 28 NEWS AA. para * daMDaka beAla-dvAra 'mAMnuM citra, amadAvAda F

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paTTa 29 jiyama: 9/22 MCU JUG TAnamAlI ereka yantaMDAjAlA khativiradA 2Pted gisarvadAvaMda hAyA mAdha 800300000000000000000 OM8088888888888 88888888888888888888 9090999 ARMAlwetalliedanteras 3033933 'sUya sahastranAma stotra mAMnuM citra, amadAvAda IRLS SARAN A. 53 868800388 dhIzrIsa yamaMtraas 10696 felntise (tisatyamava 286338888888888888888888888888888888 30082300000000000 0 igori 88888888003886004808369 3 0 - 22 80000000000000000000000 0 00000 000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 2086558080000000000035520908 82408805880880868603808080809 2 008 208038530303300000000000 0 00 Ennen 88888888888 83633333333000000000000 0 333333 8888800300000000000000688888888880006658000500020658000000000000000000 1656 SHREE R AMIN ... 2908885608885603808330308338808 86908888888888888856002005280 & 0000000000000000000 03388888333 3 338 MAHA 83 Parel

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54 30 A. 54 bhIMtacitra, vaijanAtha mahAdeva, sADA A. 15 rAyadhaNajInuM vyakticitra, bhUja

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A. 56 hastiyuddhanuM dazya, aMjAra

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para A. pa7 la kAdahananuM dezya, aMjAra

Page #518
gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMthamALAnAM prakAzano saMpAdaka : pro. 2. cho. parIkha ane De. ha, ga. zAstrI graMtha 1 itihAsanI pUrvabhUmikA (pR. 24 + 6 10 + 31 citro ) 1972 graMtha 2 maurya kAlathI guptakAla (pR 23 + 646 + citro 35 ) 1972 9-75 graMtha 3 maitraka kAla ane anumaitraka kAla (pR 23 + 125 + citro 35) 1978 -22 graMtha 4 solaMkI kAla ('' 31 + 628 + citro 34 ), 1976 9-55 graMtha 5 sultanata kAlA - (pR. 32 + 575 + trio 40 ) 1976 25-50 graMtha 6 mughala (pR 19-45 graMtha 7 marAThA 13-25 gujarAtanA rAja graMtha 8 briTiza ka jche. yaMtrastha graMtha 9 AjhAdI pahelAM ana .. (I. sa. 1915-1960),