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Elaboration-Acharyas have varying opinion about upayoga 41 (indulgence) in Kewal-jnana and Kewal darshan According to the 41 Jain philosophy upayoga is of twelve types—five jnana, three ajnana # and four darshan. The details of these are—1. Mati-jnana, 2. Shrut
jnana, 3. Avadhi-jnana, 4. manah-paryav-jnana, and 5. Kewal-Jnana; 1. Matı-ajnana, 2. Shrut-ajnana, and 3. Vibhang-Jnana (perverted is knowledge); and 1. Chakshu darshan (visual perception), 2. Achakshu 45 darshan (non-visual perception), 3. Avadhi darshan, and 4. Kewal 11 darshan. A stable engrossment in any one of these for some time is : called upayoga (indulgence). Except Kewal-jnana and Kewal darshan the remaining ten upayogas belong to the Chhadmasth state (state of finite cognition).
A Mithyadrishtı (one who is in the state of false cognition) has six types of upayogas—three ajnana and three darshan. A chhadmasth Si samyagdrishtı has seven types of upayogas-four jnana and three darshan. Achhadmasth has ten types of upayogas which are kshayopashamik and there is a reduction and addition as well as 45
progress and decline in these. Kewal-jnana and Kewal darshan are 15 4 kshayik and complete; they are without any reduction and addition or 41 progress and decline.
The upayoga of a chhadmasth is gradual. In other words in one samaya there is only one upayoga. All the acharyas are unanimous 55 4 on this point. However, there are three different yiews about the 45 i upayoga of a kewalı
1. In spite of having absolutely unveiled knowledge and perception kewalı has only one upayoga in one samaya. When there is jnanopayoga (indulgence in knowledge) there is no darshanopayoga (indulgence in perception) and when there is darshanopayoga there is ! no jnanopayoga. This belief is known as Kram Bhavi or Ekanter i Upayogavad (the school of gradual or unitary indulgence). ** Jinabhadragani Kshamashraman was among the supporters of this school.
2. The second belief is that like the light and heat of the sun i Kewal-jnana and Kewal darshan also coexist. Both indulge in their si respective subjects simultaneously. The famous logician Acharya
Siddhasen Divakar was among the supporters of this school. This y belief is famous as Yugpad Upayogavad (The school of coexistant
indulgence).
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