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4. Adan bhandamatra nikshep samiti-Careful shifting or placing of movable things observing the vows of ahimsa and aparigrah.
5. Uchhar-prasravan-shleshmajalla-mal nikshep samitiCareful dispensing of the waste and toxic products of the body including stool, urine, and cough, at a place and in a way that no inconvenience or harm is caused to any being.
(b) Gupti-To restrain body, speech, and mind from indulging in sinful activities like himsa (violence), asatya (falsity), maithun (sex), and parigrah (possessions), is called gupti.
IV. Tapachar-To apply restraint over desires is called tap. In order to shift ones mind from vices like carnal pleasures and passions, and to win over attachment and aversion, various means and methods are used to temper body, sense organs, and mind. All these means and methods are called tap. It has two divisions(a) Vahya tap (outer or physical austerities), and (b) Abhyantar tap (inner or mental austerities).
is
(a) Vahya tap (outer or physical austerities)-The austere practices that are done visibly or outwardly and their basic purpose to bolster the inner austerities are called vahya tap. It is said to be of six types
1. Anshan (fasting)-To abstain from intake of food, etc. The purpose of abstention is enhancing discipline, reduction of attachment, destruction of karmas, and increase in spiritual practices.
2. Unodari-To eat less than the appetite.
3. Vritti parisamkhyan-To take vows to limit parameters of matter, space (area), time, and modes (thoughts, desires, etc.) with the purpose to master desires and reduce cravings. For example-"In one day I will collect alms from one house only." or "In a day I will eat only four substances."
4. Rasa parityag-To refrain from eating tasty and 卐 nutritional things. In other words to eat only dry and bland food.
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