Jain Darshan me Karma Siddhanta Ek Adhyayana

Author(s): Manorama Jain
Publisher: Jinendravarni Granthamala Panipat
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002576/1

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mUla kitAba meM pRSTha naM. 215 se 228 taka ke pRSTha na hone kI vajaha se isa kI i-buka meM nahIM rakha pAye haiM / yadi kisI vAcaka ke pAsa yaha kitAba milatI hai| aura usameM yadi yaha upara darzAye pRSTha hai to kRpayA yaha pRSTha skena kara bhejeM / dhanyavAda.

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jainadarzana meM karmasiddhAnta eka adhyayana karmabandhana aura mukti prakriyA kA tulanAtmaka vivecana DA0 kumArI manoramA jaina 2010_03 For Private.& Personal use only

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mahAmanasvI zrI jinendra varNI jI 2010_03

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2010_03

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LALIT C. SHAH jainadarzana meM karmasiddhAnta eka adhyayana karmabandhana aura mukti prakiyA kA tsske rniy'e DA0 kumArI maThoramA jaina rohataka 1993 zrI jinendra varNI granthamAlA pAnIpata 2010_03

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prakAzaka: zrI jinendra varNI granthamAlA 58/4, jaina sTrITa, pAnIpata (hariyANA) dUrabhASa: 21655 Arthika sahayogaH zrImatI azoka kumArI jaina, dharmapatnI zrI Adeza kumAra jaina, hisAra * (c) sarvAdhikAra surakSita prathama saMskaraNa 1000 pratiyoM pharavarI 1993 mUlya 48-00 mudraka: pArasa prinTarsa eNDa pablizarsa bI0 - 45, saikTara 8 noeDA - 201301 dUrabhASa: 89-51152 2010_03

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samarpaNa aura kRtajJatA jJApana prastuta granthako likhanekA pramukha zreya mere adhyAtma gurU, nitya smaraNIya, paramazraddheya gurUdeva zrI jinendra varNIjIko prApta hai / jinhoMne apanI divya jJAna jyoti se pUrvAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita isa gahana viSaya ke mArmika tathyoMkA avabodha karAne meM athaka prayAsa kiyA hai| unake dvArA pradIpta kI gaI jyoti anta taka pathapradarzikAke rUpameM prajvalita rhii| unake jainendra siddhAntakoza se jo sahAyatA milI use zabdoMmeM vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa jIvana meM adhyAtma jyoti ko pradIptakara amRtatva pradAna karane vAle adhyAtmayogI paramazraddheya gurUdevake zrI caraNoMmeM yaha kRti sAdara samarpita hai| zodha prabandhake rUpameM viSayakA pratipAdana karAne kA zreya maharSi dayAnanda vizvavidyAlaya, rohataka ke tatkAlIna saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa parama AdaraNIya DaoN0 jayadeva vidyAlaMkAra jI ko prApta hai |unkaa hRdaya se dhanyavAda karatI huuN| ba0 arihanta kumAra jaina, kAlakA nivAsI ku0 kauzala jaina, DaoN0 sudhA jaina, DaoN0 nirmalA jaina, DA0 sudhIkAnta bhAradvAja, DA0 sAgaramala jaina, DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, DaoN0 AzAmalaiyA Adi vidvAnoM kI zubhakAmanAoM tathA sahayoga ke lie hRdayase kRtajJa hU~ | divaMgata pitA zrI raghabara dayAla jainakI zubha kAmanAeM, AdaraNIyA mAtA zrImatI kAntI devI, evaM bhrAtAzrI anantavIra jaina aura mukhyAdhyApikA zrImatI mohinI zarmA ke sahayoga lie hRdaya se kRtjnyhuuN| anta meM jinase bhI isa kArya kI pUrNatAke lie yathAkiMcita sahayoga milA sabakA hRdayase dhanyavAda karatI huuN| zrI jinendra varNI granthamAlA pAnIpatake prabandhaka zrI sareza kumAra jaina ne isa zodha prabandhako granthamAlA se prakAzita karavAnekI vyavasthA kI hai aura bhAI Adeza kumArane dravya pradAna kara prakAzana kAryameM sahAyatA kI hai usake lie hArdika kRtajJatA vyakta karatI huI prastuta kRti ko pAThakoMke samakSa prastuta karatI huuN| jaina karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka avabodha karAne meM tathA karmabandhanase karmamukti kI sAdhanA ko spaSTa karane meM yadi kiMcit mAtra bhI sahAyatA isa grantha se mila sakI to merA yaha parizrama saphala hogaa| yathA sArmathya suprayAsa hote hue bhI truTiyoMke lie kSamAyAcanA cAhatI huuN| vijJajanoMse merA hArdika nivedana hai ki apane upayogI sujhAva dekara anugRhIta kreN| bAla ba0 DaoN0 manoramA jaina, rohataka 2010_03

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prakAzakIya zrI jinendra varNI jI kI parama ziSyA bAla bra0 DaoN0 kumArI manoramA jaina dvArA likhita prastuta grantha ko zrI jinendra varNI granthamAlA, pAnIpata ke dvArA prakAzita karate hue ati prasannatA ho rahI hai / yaha grantha maharSi dayAnanda vizvavidyAlaya, rohataka dvArA pI0eca0DI0 kI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta kiyA gayA zodha prabandha hai / isa zodha prabandha kI prati ko jisane bhI paDhA usane hI prakAzita karAne kA Agraha kiyA aura viSaya tathA prastutIkaraNa kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA kI / jijJAsu janoM ke saprema Agraha ko dekhate hue hamane isa zodha prabandha ko isa granthamAlA se prakAzita karavAne kA nirNaya liyaa| hameM AzA hI nahIM pUrNa apitu vizvAsa hai ki yaha grantha zodha chAtroM ke lie, jijJAsuoM ke lie aura karmabandha se mukti pAne vAle sAdhakoM ke lie eka vizeSa dizA kA nirdezana karegA / isa grantha ke prakAzana meM rohataka nivAsI sva0 zrI raghabara dayAla jaina ke suputra zrI Adeza kumAra jaina (mainejara sTeTa baiMka oNpha iNDiyA) kI dharmapatnI zrImatI azoka kumArI jaina ne mAtA zrImatI kAntI devI kI puNya smRti meM 8100 rupaye kI dhanarAzi pradAna kara apane dhana kA sadupayoga kiyA hai / 1001 rupaye kI dhanarAzi guptadAna meM prApta huI hai / granthamAlA kI ora se hama unakA dhanyavAda karate haiM / jinavANI pracArArtha kRta yaha sahayoga avazya hI unake tathA unake parivAra ke zAnti patha ko prazasta karegA / isa granthakI prUpharIDiMga meM tathA anya sabhI prakAzana kAryoM meM bra0 arihanta kumAra jaina kA sahayoga ati sarAhanIya hai / granthamAlA kI ora se hama unakA hArdika dhanyavAda karate haiN| mAtA sarasvatI kI yaha nisvArtha sevA unake sAdhanA patha ko prazasta kare, yahI prabhu se prArthanA hai / 2010_03 prakAzaka (zrI jinendravarNI granthamAlA) pAnIpata

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jainendra siddhAnta koza kI racanA eka camatkAra 'jainendra siddhAnta koza' ke racayitA tathA sampAdaka zrI jinendra varNIkA janma 14 maI 1922 ko pAnIpatake suprasiddha vidvAn sva0 zrIjayabhavAn jI jaina eDavokeTake ghara huaa| kevala 18 varSakI AyumeM kSaya rogase grasta ho jAne ke kAraNa ApakA eka phephar3A nikAla diyA gayA jisake kAraNa ApakA zarIra sadAke lie kSINa tathA rugNa ho gyaa| san 1949 taka Apako dharmake prati koI vizeSa rUci nahIM thii| agasta 1949 ke paryuSaNa parvameM apane pitAzrI kA pravacana sunanese ApakA hRdaya akasmAt dharmakI ora mur3a gyaa| pAnIpatake suprasiddha vidvAn tathA zAnta-pariNAmI sva0 paM0 rUpacanda jI gArgIyakI preraNAse Apane zAstrasvAdhyAya prArambha kI aura san 1958 taka sakala jaina-vADmaya paDha DAlA / jo kucha par3hate the usake sakala Avazyaka sandarbha rajisTroMmeM likhate jAte the| 'jainendra siddhAnta koza' ke nAmase prakAzita jo atyanta pariSkata kati Aja hamAre hAthameM vidyamAna hai, vaha isakA prathama rUpa nahIM hai| isase pahale bhI yaha kisI na kisI rUpameM pA~ca bAra likhI jA cukI hai| isakA yaha antima rUpa chaThI bAra likhA gayA hai| isakA prathama rUpa 4-5 rajisTroM meM jo sandarbha saMgraha kiyA gayA thA, vaha thaa| dvitIya rUpa saMdarbha saMgrahake khule paracoMkA vizAla Dhera thaa| tRtIya rUpa 'jainendra pramANa koza' nAma vAle ve ATha moTe-moTe khaNDa the jo ki ina paracoMko vyavasthita karane ke lie likhe gaye the| isakA cauthA rUpa vaha rUpAntaraNa thA jisakA kAma bIcameM hI sthagita kara diyA gayA thaa| isakA pA~cavA~ rUpave kaI hajAra slipeM thI jo ki jainendra pramANa koza tathA isa rUpAntaraNake AdhArapara varNI jI ne 6-7 mahIne lagAkara taiyAra kI thI tathA jinake AdhArapara antima rUpAntaraNa kI lipi taiyAra karanI iSTa thii| isakA chaThA rUpa yaha hai jo ki 'jainendra siddhAnta koza' ke nAmase Aja hamAre sAmane hai| . yaha eka Azcarya hai ki itanI rugNa kAyAko lekara bhI varNI jo ne koSa ke saMkalana, sampAdana tathA lekhanakA yaha sArA kArya akele hI sampanna kiyA hai / san 1964 meM antima lipi likhate samaya avazya Apako apanI ziSyA bra0 kumArI kauzala kA kucha sahayoga prApta huA thA, anyathA san 1949 se san 1965 taka 2010_03

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(IV) 17 varSake lambe kAlameM Apako tRNa mAtra bhI sahAyatA isa sandarbha meM kahIM se prApta nahIM huii| yahA~ taka ki kAgaja juTAnA, use kATanA tathA jilda banAnA Adi kA kAma bhI Apane apane hAtha se hI kiyA / yaha kevala unake hRdayameM sthita sarasvatI mAtA kI bhaktikA pratApa hai ki eka asaMbhava kArya bhI sahaja saMbhava ho gayA aura eka aise vyaktike hAthase saMbhava ho gayA jisakI kSINa kAyAko dekhakara koI yaha vizvAsa nahIM kara sakatA ki isake dvArA kabhI aisA anahonA kArya sampanna huA hogaa| bhakti meM mahAna zakti hai. yahI kAraNa hai ki varNIjI apane itane mahAn kAryakA kartRtva sadA mAtA sarasvatIke caraNoM meM samarpita karate Aye haiM aura koza ko sadA usI kI kRti kahate Aye haiN| yaha hai bhakti tathA kRtajJatAkA Adarza / - yaha koza sAdhAraNa zabda-koza jaisA kucha na hokara apanI jAti kA svayaM eka hI koza hai| zabdArtha ke atirikta zIrSakoM, upazIrSakoM tathA avAntara zIrSakoM meM vibhakta ve samasta sUcanAyeM isameM nibaddha haiM jinakI ki kisI bhI pravaktA, lekhaka athavA saMdhAtA ko AvazyakatA par3atI hai| zabda kA artha, usake bheda-prabheda, kAryakAraNabhAva, heyopAdeyatA, nizcaya-vyavahAra tathA usakI mukhyatA gauNatA, zaMkA samAdhAna, samanvaya Adi koI aisA vikalpa nahIM jo ki isameM sahaja upalabdha na ho ske| vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM racayitAne apanI ora se eka zabda bhI na likhakara pratyeka vikalpake antargata aneka zAstroMse saMkalita AcAryoM ke mUla vAkya hI nibaddha kie haiN| isalie yaha kahanA koI atizayokti nahIM hai ki jisake hAtha meM yaha mahAn kRti hai usake hAthameM sakala jaina-vADma ya hai| jainendra siddhAnta kozakA aba tRtIya saMskaraNa prakAzita huA hai / ise bhopAlakI jaina samAja ne deza-videzake vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM ko apanI dha narAzi se upalabdha karAne kA prabandha kiyA hai / isakA paMcama iNDaiksa khaNDa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha se zIghra hI prakAzita ho rahA hai / jaina darzanake adhyetAoM ke liye zraddheya varNI jI kI yaha abhUtapUrva dena hai| sureza kumAra jaina pAnIpata 2010_03

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rahasyodghATana - aho / RSiyoMkI paramAnukampA ki jo navanIta unake samAdhigata cittameM prAdurbhUta huA, jisa amRta ko unhoMne anekoM balidAna dekara kaThora tapasyAoMse prApta kiyA, usako ve bAMTa rahe haiM niHzulka / jo Aye vaha pIkara amara ho jAye / kitanI karuNA hai tathA kitanA vAtsalya hai unheM prANI mAtra se ki viSaya vAsanAkI bhaTTI meM bhar3Abhar3a jalate dekhakara kisa prakAra unheM vahA~se nikAla lenA cAhate haiM / jisa devako unhoMne hRdayakI gahana gufAmeM sthUla va sUkSma anekoM AvaraNakA bhedana karake bar3e parizramase khoja nikAlA hai, jisake kucha kSaNake darzana mAtrase bhavabhavake santApa zAnta ho jAte haiM, kRta kRtyatAkA anubhava hotA hai aura samasta vAsanAyeM zAnta hokara akSayAnandakI prApti hotI hai, usa prabhuke darzana kara lene se unakI vANI sahaja hI khira uThI, ki o jagavAsiyoM / tuma bhI usa devako apane hRdayameM khojo / yaha paramAtmA isa deha rUpa devAlayameM tiSThatA hai, parantu kheda hai ki ina AMkhoMse usakA dekhA jAnA saMbhava nahI hai| usake lie divya cakSu cAhiyeM jisakI prApti ke lie hRdayagata sUkSma se bhI sUkSma AvaraNakA bhedana karanA hogA / kucha mAtra sthUla AvaraNoMke bhedanase prApta kiMcit prakAzameM kadAcit usake darzanoMkI bhrAnti ho jAyA karatI hai / ata: bho bhavya / sabhI bhrantiyoMse bacakara usa mahAtmAkA darzana, sparzana tathA anubhavana karo / prastuta grantha ina bhrAntiyoMkA kAraNa darzAkara unase bacane kA upAya batAtA hai ina bhrAntiyoMkA kAraNa hai karma / yadyapi isa siddhAntakA vivecana anya darzanakAroM ne bhI kiyA hai parantu isa viSayakA jitanA vizada vivecana jainAcAryoM ne kiyA hai vaisA anyatra nahIM pAyA jAtA / saMkSepameM usakA paricaya nimna prakAra hai vastu mukhyatA do prakArakI hotI hai-dravyAtmaka tathA bhAvAtmaka / pAramArthika mArga meM dravyakI apekSA bhAva hI sarvatra pradhAna hotA hai / jIvake bhAvoMkA nimitta pAkara 'karma' nAmaka eka sUkSma jar3a dravya jIvake pradezoMmeM eka kSetrAvagAhI hokara sthita ho jAtA hai| tahAM jIvakA vaha bhAva to bhAva- karma kahalAtA hai aura usake nimittase jo sUkSma jar3a dravya usameM praviSTa hotA hai vaha dravya-karma kahA jAtA hai / jIva tathA jar3akA yaha saMbaMdha anAdigata hai / khAnameM se nikale svarNa-pASANakI bhA~ti jIvake sAtha mana, vacana, kAya ina tIna yogoM kA saMbaMdha prAkRtika hai, jinake dvArA vaha nitya hI kucha na kucha karma karatA rahatA hai / isa karmakA saMskAra citta 2010_03

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(VI) bhUmipara aMkita hotA jAtA hai| prathama kSaNameM jo saMskAra usameM praveza pAtA hai vaha 'Asava' kahalAtA hai aura uttarottara usakA paripuSTa hote rahanA 'bandha' kahA jAtA hai| bandhako prApta yaha saMskAra bhItara hI bhItara jIvako puna: puna: vahI karma karaneke liye ukasAyA karatA hai| karaNAnuyogameM isa sUkSma jar3a dravyako 'karma' saMjJA dI gaI hai usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isake dvArA jIvake sUkSmase sUkSma bhAva-karma kA sarala rItise kathana karanA saMbhava ho jAtA hai / vAstava meM yahA~ isa dravya-karmako batAnA iSTa nahIM hai, na vaha kucha du:kha hI detA hai / usapara se jIvake bhAva karmako darzAnA iSTa hai aura vaha hI du:kha sukhameM hetu hotA hai| dravya-karma jIvake bhAvoMko mApanekA eka yaMtra mAtra hai| ata: usa nAmake karmase usa prakArake bhAvakA hI grahaNa karanA caahiye| pUrva-saJcita saMskAra yA karma -bandhase tadanukUla gati, indriya va bhoga Adi milate haiM, jisase prerita hokara jIva puna: vahI bhAva yA karma karatA hai| usase phira saMskAra tathA karma-bandha aura usase phira gati Adi / yaha cakra anAdi se calA A rahA hai aura calatA rhegaa| aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki yaha cakra kaise ruke / isakA upAya karma-siddhAnta batAtA hai| jar3a karma jIvako bala pUrvaka vaisA bhAva karAtA ho, aisA nahIM hai| vaha kucha aisI sthiti utpanna karatA hai yA karanemeM nimitta hotA hai jisameM ki jIvako prAya: vaisAbhAva karane ke lie bAdhya honA par3atA hai| saMskArakA bala bhI sadaiva samAna nahIM rahatA, tIva tathA manda hotA rahatA hai| tIna zaktise yukta karma tathA saMskArake udaya meM bhale hI jIvako vivaza tadanukUla bhAva karane par3eM, parantu manda udayameM yadi sadgurukI zaraNa prApta ho jAya aura unakA upadeza sune to tattva cintanakI dizAmeM jhukakara kadAcit ahaMkArase nivRtta honA usake liye saMbhava ho sakatA hai| aisI dazA utpanna ho jAnepara pUrva saMskAroMkA bala uttarottara DhIlA par3atA jAtA hai aura unake sthAnapara kucha navIna saMskAroMkA nirmANa hone laga jAtA hai| isa prakAra saMskAroMkI aura unake sAtha-sAtha karmoMkI dizA badala jAtI hai / azAnti-janaka saMskAroMkI gati ruddha ho jAtI hai| ise 'saMvara' kahate haiN| zAntijanaka navIna saMskAroMkA bala uttarottara bar3hane lagatA hai jisase purAtana saMskAroMkI zakti kSINa hone lagatI hai| dhIre dhIre ve mRta-prAya: ho jAte haiM / isako nirjarA kahate haiM / yaha samasta prakriyA AgamameM apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa, udaya, udIraNA, upazama, kSaya Adi vibhinna nAmoMse vistAra sahita batAI gaI hai| 2010_03

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(VII) isI kramase dhIre-dhIre Age calane para sAdhaka una navIna saMskAroM ko bhI kSINa kara detA hai aura nirvikalpa samAdhi meM sthita ho jAtA hai, arthAt antaraMga tathA bahiraMga samasta mAnasika vyApArako rokakara samatA bhUmimeM praveza kara jAtA hai| taba usake hRdayameM usa jJAnamUrti ke divya darzana hote haiM jisameM ki tIna loka tIna kAla hastAmalakavat pratyakSa ho uThate haiN| jIvakI yaha dazA 'jIvanmukta kahalAtI hai| saMskAra-vihIna ho jAnepara kucha kAla pazcAt kAyika tathA vAcika kriyAyeM bhI svata: ruka jAtI haiM aura yaha sthUla zarIra bhI kinArA kara jAtA hai| aba vaha mahAbhAgya 'videha mukta' hokara sadA ke lie cidAnanda ghanameM lIna ho jAtA hai | sAdhakake mArgameM prAya: bhayaMkara vidhna Ate haiN| isa rahasyako jAnanA sarala nahIM hai| bar3e-bar3e tapasvI unase anabhijJa rahane ke kAraNa dhokhA khA jAte haiN| unameM se eka pradhAna vidhna yaha hai ki jaba sAdhaka azAnti-janaka sthUla saMskAroMpara vijaya pA letA hai aura usake prabhAvase jaba usameM eka dhImIsI jyotimayI rekhAkI jhalaka AtI hai to vaha apaneko pUrNakAma samajha baiThatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha jhalaka itanI svaccha tathAzItala hotI hai ki sAdhakake sarva tApakSaNa bharake lie zAnta ho jAte haiM / isa bhrAntike kAraNa sAdhaka jyoM hI kucha pramAda karatA hai tyoM hI usake prasupta saMskAra jAgRta hokara use aisA dabocate haiM ki becAreko sara ubhAraneke lie bhI avakAza nahIM raha jAtA aura patha-bhraSTa hokara cira kAlataka jagatake kaNa-kaNakI khAka chAnatA phiratA hai| usakI yaha dazA atyanta dayanIya hotI hai| AcAryoM kI karuNa kapAkA kahA~ taka varNana kiyA jaaye| buddhi se agocara ina sUkSma saMskArake prati sAdhakako jAgarUka karane ke liye unhoMne guNasthAna paripATIke dvArA unakI adRSTa sattAkA bodha karAyA hai| samAdhigata nirvikalpa sAdhuke hRdayakI kisI gaharAImeM baiThe unakI sattAkA digdarzana karAke unake udayakI saMbhAvanA ke prati cetAvanI dI hai| buddhi- gamyakI apekSA buddhise atIta ina vAsanAgata saMskAroM ko tor3anA atyanta klezakara hotA hai / labdhigata inakA unmUlana kiye binA AnandaghanameM praveza honA saMbhava nhiiN| atyanta parokSa honeke kAraNa isa viSayako zabdoM dvArA samajhAnA koI sarala kAma nahIM hai / ise samajhaneke lie atyanta kendrita upayogakI tathA kaTibaddha lambe abhyAsakI AvazyakatA hai| isakA yathArtha paricaya karaNAnuyogakI zaraNameM jAye binA saMbhava nahIM hai / yaha choTI sI pustaka Apako usakI zaraNameM jAnekI preraNA de, basa itanI hI merI prabhuse prArthanA hai / adhyAtma premiyoM ke hRdayameM isa anuyogako par3hane kI ruci jAgRta ho, basa itanI mAtra hI merI bhAvanA hai| zrI jinendra varNI 2010_03 FO

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prastAvanA 'jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta-eka adhyayana' yaha grantha maharSi dayAnanda vizvavidyAlaya, rohataka dvArA 1987 meM pI0eca0DI0 kI upAdhi hetu svIkRta kiyA gayA zodha prabandha hai / isameM karmabandhanase lekara karmamukti taka kI prakriyAkA tulanAtmaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| karmasiddhAnta bhAratIya darzanakA eka mahatvapUrNa siddhAnta hai, jise cArvAk darzanako chor3akara anya sabhI darzanoM ne kisI na kisI rUpameM svIkAra kiyA hai / jaina darzanameM karmasiddhAntako nIMvakA patthara mAnA gayA hai kyoMki samasta dArzanika viSayoMkA yaha mUla AdhAra hai / yadyapi karmasiddhAnta pradhAnatA se karaNAnuyogakA viSaya hai, parantu dravyAnuyoga tathA caraNAnuyogameM bhI yaha siddhAnta anuprANita hai| kyoMki dravyoMke rUpa ko jAne binA karmakA svarUpa nahIM samajhA jA sakatA aura karma muktike pathako caraNAnuyogake dvArA hI pratipAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai| prastuta zodha prabandha meM jaina darzana mAnya karmasiddhAntase saMbaMdhita mUla tattvoMkA vizleSaNAtmaka tathA tulanAtmaka paricaya diyA gayA hai| saMpUrNa zodha prabandhako sAta adhyAyoMmeM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / adhyAyoM se pUrva karmasiddhAnta kI pRSThabhUmi meM sukha du:kha kA mUla kAraNa kyA hai, bAhya tathA Abhyantara samasta jagata meM viSamatA kyoM pAyI jAtI hai, karmasiddhAnta meM niyati, puruSArtha, devAdi kA kyA sthAna hai aura vibhinna darzanoM ke karmasiddhAntakA paricaya dete hue, jaina darzana ke karma siddhAnta kI mUla paramparA aura sAhityakA saMkSipta nirdezana kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyAyameM jainadarzana mAnya vastusvabhAvakA paricaya karAyA gayA hai| isameM sattAkA tulanAtmaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaina mAnya sattAko SaDdravya rUpa mAnA gayA hai-jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kaal| jIva aura pudgala donoM ke pArasparika bandhase hI karma kI utpatti hotI hai| jaina darzana meM sattAko utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya yukta mAnA gayA hai / jar3a aura cetana donoM prakAra kI sattAoMmeM pUrva paryAyakA vinAza hotA rahatA hai aura navIna paryAya utpanna hotI rahatI hai parantu sattA jyoM kI tyoM dhruva banI rahatI hai| isa siddhAntako samajhane ke lie hI SaDdravyoM ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa guNa aura vibhinna paryAyoMkA tulanAtmaka dRSTise vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 2010_03

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(IX) dvitIya adhyAyameM karmasiddhAnta se saMbaMdhita prathama mUla tattva jIva aura jIvakI karmajanita avasthAoMkA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama jIvake kartRtva, cetanatva Adi aSTa vizeSatAoM ke dvArA jaina mAnya jIvakI anya darzanoM se tulanA kI gayI hai| zarIra meM rahane vAlA yaha amUrtika aura cetana tattva hI eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra meM jAkara cAroM gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| pAMca indriyoM ko kramapUrvaka dhAraNa karane se ise ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya caturindriya aura paMcendriya kahA jAtA hai| pAMca prakArake sthAvara kAya-pRthivI, jala, agni vAyu tathA vanaspati aura eka prakArakI trasakAya-dvIndriya se lekara paMcendriya taka; isa prakAra chaha zarIroM ko dhAraNa karane vAle SaT kAyika jIvoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra karmajanita avasthA meM jIva aneka prakArakA ho jAtA hai| pratyeka jIva apane karmakA svayaM kartA hai, svayaM hI bhoktA hai aura svayaM hI puruSArtha karake karmajanita avasthA ko naSTakara siddhAvasthA ko prApta kara sakatA hai| tRtIya adhyAyameM karmasiddhAntase saMbaMdhita aura ajIva tattvameM pramukha pudgala dravya aura pudgalakI sthUla sUkSma avasthAoMkA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| anyadarzanakAra jise paMcabhUta kahate haiM aMgrejI meM jise maiTara kahA jAtA hai usa mUrtika aura dRSTa padArthako hI jaina darzanameM pudgala kahA gayA hai / yaha saMghAta se mila jAtA hai aura bhedase pRthak ho jAtA hai isa bheda saMghAtase pUrNagalana ko prApta honeke kAraNa hI isakI pudgala saMjJA dI gayI hai| jIva apane mana vacana va kAyake yogoM kI kriyA se aura kASAyika pravRtti se cumbaka kI taraha sUkSma karmapudgaloM ko AkarSita karatA rahatA hai / bhautika jagatakI vyAkhyA yadhapi anya sabhI darzanoMmeM kI gayI hai parantu jIvake sAtha nIrakSIravat saMbaMdha ko prApta karmapudgaloMkA vivecana kevala jaina darzanameM hI kiyA gayA hai| pudgalameM sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa ye cAra-guNa pAye jAte haiN| pudgalakA sabase choTA aMza paramANu kahalAtA hai aura do yA do se adhika paramANuoMke milane se skandhoMkI utpatti hotI hai| vividha prakArake skandhoM se AhAraka, taijasa, bhASA, mano aura kArmaNa nAmaka paMcavidha vargaNAyeM banatI haiM, ina vargaNAoM se hI zarIrakI utpatti hotI hai / audArika, vaikriyaka, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmANa paMcavidha zarIroMkA mUlakAraNa pudgala hI hai| zarIra, vacana, mana, prANa, sukha, du:kha, jIvana, maraNa saba pudgala dravyake hI kArya haiM / jIvoMke zarIroM va indriyoM kA nirmANa bhI pudgalase hI hotA hai| jitanA bhI yaha dRSTa jagata hai yahA~ saba pudgala hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| jIvajabataka apanI pravRttise ina sUkSma karmapudgaloM ko saMcita karatA rahatA hai taba taka saMsAra patha 2010_03

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(X) calatA rahatA hai / jaba Asakti chor3akara pudgalako pudgala rUpameM jAna letA hai taba karmapudgaloM kA saMcaya nahIM hotA aura jIva muktAvasthAko prApta ho jAtA hai / caturtha adhyAyameM karma ke svarUpa kA tulanAtmaka vivecana karate hue jaina mAnya karmake svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jIva aura karmake paudgalika saMbadha ko dravya karma kahA jAtA hai aura jina kAraNoM se paudgalika saMbaMdha hotA hai use bhAvakarma kahA jAtA hai / dravya karmase bhAva karma aura bhAva karma se dravya karma isa prakAra karmabandha kI yaha paramparA anAdi kAla se pravAhita ho rahI hai| karmasiddhAnta meM dravya karmoM kI dRSTise hI varNana kiyA jAtA hai| karma jisa avasthAmeM bandha ko prApta hote haiM usI avasthA meM nahIM rahate apitu vartamAna kI kriyAoM aura vicAraNAoMke dvArA pratikSaNa unameM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| isa parivartana ko darzAne ke liye hI bandha, udaya, satva, apakarSaNa, utkarSaNa, saMkramaNa, upazama, udIraNA, nidhatta aura nikAcita ina dasa karaNoMkA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 1 paMcama adhyAyameM karmabandha ke kAraNoM kA sAmAnya kathana kiyA gayA hai aura vibhinna darzanoM meM varNita karmabandhake kAraNoM kA ullekha karate hue jaina mAnya karmabandhake kAraNoM kA sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai| karmabandhake mUla kAraNoM ko jAnakara hI unako dUra karane kA upAya kiyA jA sakatA hai / bandha ko prApta karmoM kA koI na koI svabhAva, bandhe rahane kA kAla, zakti aura pradeza avazya hote haiN| isI ko caturvidha bandhake dvArA darzAyA gayA hai| svabhAvakA kathana karane vAlA 'prakRti bandha', kAla ko darzAna e vAlA 'sthiti bandha', vipAka arthAt zaktikI hInAdhikatAko darzAne vAlA 'anubhAgabandha' aura karmoM kI viralatA tathA saghanatA ko darzAne vAlA 'pradezabandha' hai / jaina karmasiddhAnta meM prakRtibandhako mUla AdhAra mAnakara hI samasta karmasiddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / karma kI mUla prakRtiyA~ ATha haiM - jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu nAma, gotra aura antarAya / devatAkI mUrti para Dhake vastrake samAna jJAnako AvRtta karanevAlA jJAnAvaraNIya karma, rAjadvAra para baiThe pratihArIke samAna darzana guNameM bAdhA DAlane vAlA darzanAvaraNIyakarma, zahada lipaTI talavAra kI dhArako cATane para jisa prakAra sukha du:kha kA vedana hotA hai usa prakAra sukha duHkhakA vedana karAne vAlA vedanIya karma, madirA ke sevana se utpanna mUrcchA ke samAna jIvako moha se mUrchita karane vAlA mohanIya karma; kAla yA sAMkalake phande meM phaMse vyakti ke samAna nizcita kAla taka jIvako eka hI zarIra meM roka rakhanevAlA Ayu karma; 1 2010_03

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(XI) citrakArakI taraha citra vicitra AkRtiko banAne vAlA nAmakarma, kumhArake choTe bar3e ghaTa nirmANa ke samAna ucca aura nIca kulameM utpanna karanevAlA gotra karma, bhaMDArIkI taraha jIvake ananta guNoMmeM bAdhA DAlane vAlA antarAyakarma hai| aSTavidha karmoM kI uttara prakRtiyoMkA bhI saMkSipta vivacena diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra isa adhyAyameM jIva aura karma pud galoM kI saMyuktAvasthAkA kAraNa, mUlasvarUpa aura usakI vividha avasthAoMkA nirdezana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakArakA vistRta vivecana jaina darzanameM hI prApta hotA hai / SaSTha adhyAyameM anyadarzanoM meM kathita mukti mArga kA nirdezana karate hue jaina darzanake mukti ke mArgakA kathana kiyA gayA hai / prastuta adhyAyameM jIva ke puruSArthakI sArthakatA kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| jIva apane satya puruSArtha se navIna karma pudgaloMke Agamanako roka sakatA hai aura saMcita karma pudgaloM kA vinAza kara sakatA hai / saMvara aura nirjarA tattvoMke dvArA isa puruSArthakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / pUrvabaddha karma pravAhako rokane ke lie vrata, gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, pariSahajaya tathA cAritrakA mArga apanAkara saMvara patha kA anugamana kiyA jA sakatA hai aura pUrvabaddhakarmoM kI nivRtti ke lie vividha prakArake bAhya tathA Abhyantara tapakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vividha prakAra kI sAdhanAoM ke dvArA jIva kramika vikAsa karatA huA kSayopazama, vizuddhi, dezanA, prAyogya tathA karaNa labdhiko prApta karatA huA, mokSapathapara Age bar3hatA jAtA hai / ' saptama adhyAyameM karmamuktike vividha sopAnoM kA jaina mAnya caudaha guNasthAnoMse digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / guNasthAnoM meM karmoM se lipta saMsArI AtmAse lekara karmoM se mukta jIvanamukta paramAtmA taka kI avasthAkA varNana kiyA gayA hai / siddha avasthA guNasthAnoMse atIta kI avasthA hai / adhyAyake anta meM jIvanamukta avasthA aura mokSakA vibhinna darzanoM se tulanAtmaka adhyayana karate hue jaina mAnya jIvanamukta aura mokSAvasthAkA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / anta meM pariziSTa ke rUpameM zodhaprabandha meM prayukta prAkRta zabdoM kA saMskRta rUpAntara aura maulika evaM sahAyaka granthoM kI sUcI dI gayI hai| 2010_03 DA0 kumArI manoramA jaina rohataka

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(1) samarpaNa aura kRtajJatAjJApana (2) prakAzakIya (3) jainendra siddhAnta koza kI racanA (4) (5) prastAvanA pRSThabhUmi viSayAnukramaNikA rahasyodghATana III-IV V-VII VIII-XI 1-13 sukha duHkha kA kAraNa, bAhyAbhyantara jagat kI viSamatA, paMca samavAya, karmadarzanazAstra kA pradhAna viSaya, jaina darzana kA zreya, arthakarttA tathA granthakarttA, karaNAnuyoga 14-33 1. sAmAnya paricaya 2. anya darzanoM meM sattAkA svarUpa 3. jaina darzanameM sattA kA svarUpa 4. vastu ke guNa- sAmAnya, vizeSa 5. sAdhAraNa yA sAmAnya guNa- astitva guNa, vastutva guNa, dravyatva guNa, prameyatva guNa, agurulaghutva guNa, pradezatva guNa, niSkarSa 6. vastu ke asAdhAraNa yA vizeSa guNa - (ka) jIva dravyake asAdhAraNa guNa, (kha) pudgala dravyake asAdhAraNa guNa, (ga) zeSa cAra dravyoM- dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAlake asAdhAraNa guNa / 7. jaina mAnya guNoMkI nyAya vaizeSikake guNoMse tulanA 8. paryAya 9. paryAyakI bauddha mAnya kSaNikavAdase tulanA / 10. paryAyake bheda (ka) svabhAva vyaMjana paryAya, (kha) vibhAva vyaMjana paryAya, (ga) svabhAva artha paryAya, (gha) vibhAva artha payArya / 11. vastukI anekAtmakatA 12. svacatuSTaya 13. antima ikAI 14. niSkarSa / dvitIya adhyAya- jIva aura jIvakI karmajanita avasthAyeM - 34-50 (1.) sAmAnya paricaya (2) jIva kI ATha vizeSatAyeM - 1. jIva kA cetanatva guNa 2. jIva kA upayoga 3. jIva amUrta hai 4. jIva kartA aura bhoktA hai 5. jIva deha parimANa hai 6. jIva saMsArI hai - saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda prabheda - - (ka.) gati ke AdhAra para jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa (kha) indriyoMke AdhAra para jIvoMkA vargIkaraNa (ga) prANoM ke AdhAra para jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa * prathama adhyAya - vastusvabhAva 2010_03 - eka camatkAra I II

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(XIII) (gha.) kAya kI apekSA jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa 7. jIva siddha hai| 8. jIva Urdhvagamana svabhAvI hai| 3. jaina darzana meM yoga 4. jIvoM kI saMkhyA 5. niSkarSa tRtIya adhyAya-pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM- 51.84 1. jaina karma siddhAnta kA anivArya aMga 2. pudgala dravya ke vizeSa guNa 3. pudgala kA mUrtatva guNa 4. karma bhI mUrtika aura paudgalika haiM 5.pudgala acetana dravya hai| 6. pudgala dravya kI paryAya - zabda, bandha, sUkSma, sthUla, saMsthAna, bheda, tama, chAyA, AtApa, udyota 7.pudgala dravya ke kArya - zarIra, vacana, mana, prANa, apAna, sukha, du:kha, jIvana, maraNa 8. saMskAra aura cidAbhAsI jagat 9.pudgala dravya ke bheda prabheda - bAdara-bAdara, bAdara, bAdara-sUkSma, sUkSma-bAdara, sUkSma, sUkSma-sUkSma 10. paramANuzAzvata hai, zabda rahita hai, eka pradezI hai , avibhAgI hai, mUrtika hai| 11.anya darzanoM se tulanA 12. paramANu se skandha kaise banate haiM 13 paMcavidha vargaNAyeM-(ka). AhAraka vargaNA (kha.) taijasa vargaNA (ga). bhASA vargaNA (gha.) mano vargaNA (Da.) kArmaNa vargaNA 14. kArmaNa zarIra kI zodha 15. paMcavidha zarIroM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana 16. niSkarSa caturtha adhyAya-karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM 85-108 1, karma kA svarUpa 2. tulanAtmaka paricaya-(ka.) nyAyavaizeSika se tulanA (kha.) mImAMsA darzana se tulanA (ga.) yoga darzana se tulanA (gha.) sAMkhya darzana se tulanA (Da.) vedAnta darzana se tulanA (ca.) bauddha darzana se tulanA (cha). pAzcAtya darzanoM se tulanA karma jagatkA sRSTA hai / 4. dravya karma aura bhAvakarma karma kI vividha avasthAyeM- 1. bandha karaNa-(ka.) amUrta jIvase mUrta karmoM kA saMbaMdha kaise ? (kha.) karma bandha anAdikAla se hai (ga.) karmabandha anAdi hote hue bhI sAnta hai (gha.) karma siddhAntameM dravya bandha kI pradhAnatA 2. udaya karaNa 3. satva karaNa 4. apakarSaNa karaNa 5. utkarSaNa karaNa 6. saMkramaNa karaNa 7. udIraNA karaNa 8. upazama karaNa 9. nidhatta karaNa 10. nikAcita karaNa 6. karma kI avasthAoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana 7. dasa karaNoM kA guNasthAna kI dRSTi se nirdezana 8. niSkarSa paMcama adhyAya- karmabandha ke kAraNa tayA bheda prabheda 109-160 1. vibhinna darzanoM meM karmabandha ke kAraNa 2010_03

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(XII 1. upaniSadoMmeM karmabandha ke kAraNa 2. bauddhadarzana meM karma bandha ke kAraNa 3. nyAya vaizeSika meM karma bandha ke kAraNa 4. mImAMsA darzana meM karmabandha ke kAraNa 5. vedAnta meM karmabandha ke kAraNa 6. sAMkhya darzana meM karmabandha ke kAraNa 7. yoga darzana meM karmabandha ke kAraNa 8. jaina darzana meM karmabandha ke kAraNa[(1) mithyAtva (2) avirati (3) pramAda (4) kaSAya (5) yoga] karmabandha ke bheda-prabheda-prakRti saMbaMdhI ekatra parigaNana tAlikA (1) prakRti bandha-(1) jJAnAvaraNIya karma-jJAnAvaraNIya prakRti bandha ke kAraNa, jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI mUlottara prakRtiyoM, matijJAnAvaraNa - avagraha matijJAna, IhAmatijJAna, avAya matijJAna, dhAraNA matijJAna; matijJAnAvaraNIya kI aTThAIsa bhedoM kI tAlikA, zrutajJAnAvaraNIya, avadhijJAnAvaraNIya, mana:paryayajJAnAvaraNIya, kevalajJAnAvaraNIya (2) darzanAvaraNIya karma- darzanAvaraNIya prakRti bandha ke kAraNa, darzanAvaraNIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~, cakSudarzanAvaraNa, acakSudarzanAvaraNa, avadhi darzanAvaraNa, kevala darzanAvaraNa, nidrA, nidrA-nidrA, pracalA, pracalA-pracalA, styAnagRddhi (3) vedanIya karma-vedanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa, vedanIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ (8) mohanIya karma-mohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa, mohanIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~, varzana mohanIya karma, cAritra mohanIya karma, cAritra mohanIya karma ke bheda prabheda - kaSAya mohanIya-krodha catuSka, mAna catuSka, mAyA catuSka, lobha catuSka, zaktiyoM ke dRSTAnta, nokaSAya mohanIya, hAsya, rati,arati,zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda, napuMsakaveda (5) Ayu karma-Ayu ke bheda aura bandha ke kAraNa (6) nAma karma- nAma karma ke bandha ke kAraNa, nAma karma ke bheda-piNDa prakRtiyA~, pratyeka prakRtiyA~, basa dazaka, sthAvara dazaka; (7) gotra karma-gotra karma ke bheda vabandha ke kAraNa (8) antarAya karma-antarAya karma ke bheda va bandha ke kAraNa (2) sthiti bandha-gaNita paricaya, samasta karmoM kI utkRSTa tathA jaghanya sthiti aura utkRSTa tathA jaghanya AbAdhA kAla kI saarinnii| (3) anubhAga bandha- prakRtiyoM meM anubhAga bandha, ghAtiyA-aghAtiyA karma nirdeza, ghAtiyA-aghAtiyA karma prakRtiyoM kI tAlikA, vipAka kI apekSA karma prakRtiyoM kI tAlikA, puNya aura pApa prakRtiyA~, puNya aura pApa prakRtiyoM kI tAlikA (4) pradezabandha (3) niSkarSa SaSTa adhyAya- karma mukti kA mArga saMvara-nirjarA 161-190 1. karmoM kI anAdikAlIna paramparAmeM puruSArtha kA sArthakya 2010_03

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(XV) 2. vibhinna darzanoM meM mukti ke mArga kA svarUpa- (ka) bauddha darzana meM mukti kA mArga (kha) sAMkhya darzana meM mukti kA mArga (ga) yoga darzana meM mukti kA mArga (gha) nyAyavaizeSika darzana meM mukti kA mArga (Da) mImAMsA darzana meM mukti kA mArga (ca) vedAnta darzana meM mukti kA mArga (cha) jaina darzana meM mukti kA mArga 3. karma pravAha ko rokane kA upAya- saMvara- (ka) paricaya (kha) saMvara ke bheda (ga) saMvara ke sAdhana kI tAlikA (1) vrata (2) gupti (3) samiti (4) dharma (5) anuprekSA- * anuprekSAoM kA mahattva (6) parISaha jaya - lakSaNa, bheda, parISahoM ke kAraNa bhUtakarma, guNasthAnoM meM parISaha vyavasthA, (7) cAritra - cAritra kA mahattva 4. pUrva baddha karmoM kI nivRtti kA mArga nirjarA (ka.) nirjarA kA lakSaNa (kha.) nirjarA ke bheda (ga.) nirjarA meM tapa kI pradhAnatA (gha) tapa ke bheda - bAhya tapa, Abhyantara tapa 5. paMca labdhi - (1) kSayopazamalabdhi (2) vizuddhi labdhi (3) dezanA labdhi (4) prAyogya labdhi (5) karaNa labdhi - trikaraNa - (ka) adha:karaNa (kha) apUrva karaNa (ga) anivRttikaraNa (gha) granthi bheda ke dvividha rUpa, 6. niSkarSa saptam adhyAya - karma mukti ke vividha sopAna guNasthAna vyavasthA - 191-223 1. sAmAnya avalokana 2. trividha AtmA - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA, paramAtmA 1. mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna 3. mizra guNasthAna (samyak mithyAdRSTi) 4. asaMyata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna- trividha samyagdRSTi - (ka.) aupazamika (kha.) kSAyika (ga.) kSAyopazamika 5. saMyatAsaMyata guNasthAna 7. apramatta saMyataguNasthAna 9. anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna * 2. sAsAdana samyagdRSTi guNasthAna 2010_03 6. pramatta saMyata guNasthAna 8. apUrva karaNa guNasthAna 10. sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna 11. upazAnta kaSAya vItarAga chadmastha guNasthAna 12. kSINa kaSAya vItarAgachadmastha guNasthAna 13. sayoga kevalI guNasthAna - vibhinna darzanoM meM jIvanamukti (ka.) upaniSada meM jIvanamukti (kha) gItA meM jIvanamukti (ga.) bauddha darzana meM jIvana mukti (gha) nyAya vaizeSika meM jIvana mukti (Da.) sAMkhya darzana meM -

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(XVI) jIvanamukti (ca.) vedAnta meM jIvana mukti, jIvanamukta yogI kA mahattva 14. ayoga kevalI guNasthAna- vibhinna darzanoM meM mokSa kA svarUpa (ka.) bauddha darzana meM mokSa (kha.) sAMkhya yoga meM mokSa (ga.) nyAyavaizeSika meM mokSa (gha.) mImAMsA meM mokSa (Da.) advaita vedAnta meM mokSa (ca.) jaina darzana meM mokSa, tulanAtmaka vivecana 3. niSkarSa upasaMhAra 224-228 pariziSTa (1) zodha prabandha meM prayukta pramukha prAkRta zabdoM ke saMskRta rUpa I-III pariziSTa (2) sandarbha granthAnukramaNikA (ka.) mUla saMskRta tathA prAkRta grantha (kha.) hindI pustakeM (ga.) aMgrejI pustakeM (gha.) koza grantha, patra va ptrikaayeN| 2010_03

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pRSTha bhUmi jIvana kAsArasukhaevaMzAnti hai|isjiivn meMdhana, kuTumba Adivividhakarmajanya saMyoga ke kAraNa vartamAna meM prANI kitanAhI du:khIvacintitahorahA hai parantumUlata: samasta prANiyoM kI janmajAta svAbhAvika pravRtti sukha prAptikI hI hotI hai, parantu jIvana paryanta bar3e se bar3A laukika puruSArtha aura kaThorase kaThora parizrama karate hue bhI unakI yaha pravRtti caritArtha nahIM hotii| yaha tathya nirvivAda aura sarvasammata hai| DaoN0 dAsa guptake zabdoM meM "jo kucha sukhake rupa meM hamAre sAmane AtA hai, vaha saba du:khakA hI hetu hai, kyoMki koI bhI sAMsArika sukha sthAyI Ananda nahIM de sktaa| isa sukhakI prAptimeM bhI du:kha hai aura sukha ke chUTane meM bhI du:kha hai, 2 sukhake lie kiye gaye prayAsakA avasAna du:kha tathA nirAzAoM meM kyoM hotA hai, yaha prazna sadA se hI cintakoM, manISiyoM aura RSiyoM kI vicAraNA kA viSaya rahA hai| isa praznakA yathArtha uttara prApta karaneke lie hI bhAratIya tathA anya sakala dArzanika bAhya tathA Abhyantara jagat kA sUkSma adhyayana karate rahe haiN| bAhyajagatsetAtparya isa samasta bhautika jagata se hai, jo sadA indriyoM ke samakSa utpanna aura naSTa hotA rahatA hai, isI prakAra Abhyantara jagatse tAtparya mAnasika jagatse hai, jise vividha prakAra kI vaikalpika cintanAoMke rUpa meM manuSya apane andara anubhava karatA haiM aura jisakI gati bhautika jagat kI apekSA adhika tIvra hai| yadyapiyedonoMpRthakapRthak dRSTigocara hote haiM, parantu yathArtha meM ye eka haiM, kyoMki donoM hI jagat svabhAva se hI utpanna dhvaMsI hai, antara kevala itanA hai ki bAhya jagat kAraNa hai aura Abhyantara jagat usakA kArya, kyoMki indriyoMke dvArA bhautika jagat kA grahaNa honepara hI manameM saMkalpa vikalpoMkA Abhyantara jagat utpanna hotA hai| __ sukha-du:khakAhetu jAnane ke liye aura bAhya tathA AbhyantarajagatkIsatyatA aura asatyatAkAanveSaNakarane ke liye hIdarzana zAstrakAjanma huaa| anAdikAla seanekoM RSiyoM aura dArzanikoMne apanI cintanAoM aura anubhUtiyoMkA navanIta pradAna karake darzanazAstrakA vistAra kiyA hai| bhAratIyadarzanakI avichinnadhArAmeM jahA~nyAya, vaizeSika, 1. jinendra varNI, padArtha vijJAna, pRSTha 1 2. dAsa gupta, esa.ena.,bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, 1978, bhAga 1 pRSTha 81 (rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI, jayapura) 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana mImAMsaka, sAMkhya, yoga, vedAnta, zaiva tathA zAkta Adi anekoM darzana prasiddha haiM, vahIM jaina tathA bauddha darzana bhI apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiN| 2 dArzanika cintanakA mukhya lakSya, jIvanake klezoMko dUra karane kA upAya khojanA hai, jisase prANI usa svAdhIna, nirbAdha aura sthAyI sukha ko prApta kara sake, jise mokSa, nirvANa Adi vibhinna nAmoMse abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| jaina darzanameM isakA spaSTa AbhAsa "tIrthaMkara" yA tIrthakara zabdase milatA hai / vyutpatti se isakA artha hai, tIrtha arthAt "pAra karanekI jagaha banAne vAlA" aura lakSaNAse artha hai, vaha jisane saMsAra rUpI mahAsAgarase pAra jAnekA upAya DhUMDha liyA hai|' jIvase karmoMkI AtyantikI nivRtti hI mokSa, nirvANa tathA tIrthaMkara padakI prApti hai| zaiva vaiSNavAdi darzanoM meM yaha sukha Izvara ke sAyujyakI prApti ke rUpa meM hotA hai, nyAya vaizeSika ise sAkSAt IzvaratvakI prApti kahate haiN| isa prakArake sukhakI prAptikA upAya hI bhAratIya darzanoMmeM dharma samajhA jAtA hai, kyoMki du:khase chur3Ane ke liye mokSa mArgake rUpameM isI kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai - jaisA ki samantabhadrAcArya kahate haiM - dezayAmi samIcInaM dharma karma nirvahaNam / saMsAra du:khataH satvAn yo dharatyuttame sukhe // duHkha tathA duHkha nivRtti ke lie bauddhadarzana meM cAra mUla tattvoM kI sthApanA kI gaI hai duHkha, duHkha samudaya, du:kha nirodha, aura duHkha nirodha gAminI pratipadA (mArga) | sAMkhya tathA yoga darzana meM heya, heya hetu, hAna, aura hAnopAya yaha caturvyUha hai, isI prakAra jaina darzana meM sapta tattvoM kA ullekha milatA hai / jIva aura ajIva nAmaka prathama do tattvoMke saMyogameM duHkhakA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| Azrava aura bandha nAmaka do tattva duHkhake kAraNoMkA nirUpaNa karate haiM, saMvara aura nirjarA tattvameM du:kha nirodhakA upAya hai aura mokSa tattva duHkha kA mUlataH, nirodha hai / yahA~ tattva zabdakA artha anAdi ananta nahIM hai, apitu du:kha nirodha ke liye jinakA jJAna atyanta Avazyaka hai - ve hI vastueM yahA~ tattva rUpa meM varNita haiM / " jainetara darzanoM meM bAhya tathA Abhyantara jaMgat kA anveSaNa karate hue avidyA, ajJAna, prakRti, mAyA Adiko isa jagat kA kAraNa batAyA hai, jisake kAraNa vyakti asatya' ko hI satya mAna kara puruSArtha karatA hai, parantu asatya meM kiyA gayA puruSArtha bAlUko pelaneke 1. (ka) hiriyannA ema0, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, 1980, pR0 15 (kha) jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 2 pRSTha 370 2. samantabhadrAcArya, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, zloka-2 3. 4. umAsvAmI, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 1, sUtra 4 saMghavI sukha lAla, vivecanA sahita tattvArtha sUtra, 1976, pR0 6 2010_03

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pRSTha bhUmi samAna vyartha hotA hai| jisa prakAra bAlUko pelanese tailakI prApti asambhava hai, isI prakAra ajJAnajanita avasthA meM satyapurUSArtha asambhava hai|jaindrshnmeN ise AzravatathA bandhakahA gayA hai| saMsArI jIva apane yathArthasvarUpako najAnaneke kAraNa nitya rAga raMjita kriyAoM kokaratA huAkA~kA bandhakaratArahatAhai, isaprakArakI kriyAoMkokaratehue AzravatathA bandhase chUTanA kisI prakAra bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| jainetara darzanoMmeM du:khasechUTaneke lie avidyA nivRtti para vizeSa bala diyAgayA hai, parantu jainadarzanameMna kevala yathArtha jJAnakI prApti apitu usake sAtha hI saMyama, tapa Adi kI vividha sAdhanAoMpara bhI vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai isI lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra tInoM kA sammilita rUpa hI mokSa mArgake rUpameM aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jisake dvArA navIna karmoM ko rokA jAtA hai aura pUrva baddha karmokAnAza kiyaajaataahai| saMvara aura nirjarAtattvoMke dvArA isI viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| jIva tathA ajIva nAmaka do tattva karma siddhAntakI AdhArazilAyeM haiM, Azrava, bancha saMvara aura nirjarA ina cAra tattvoMmeM koMke AnekA kAraNa, karmoM kA svarUpa aura karmoMse chuTanekA upAya batAyA gayA hai mokSa tattva inakA phala hai| isa prakAra yaha darzana eka vicAra praNAlI na rahakara eka jIvana praNAlI hai, jisameM niyamita AcaraNa kI bhI vyavasthA kI gaI hai| DA0 hiriyannAke zabdoM meM-jaina darzanakA mUlamantra hai kijJAnake liejIvana nahIM, apitu jIvana ke lie jJAna hai| sukha du:kha kA kAraNa sukha - dukhake kAraNakA anveSaNa karate hue sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM sukha du:kha ke kAraNoMpara vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya, naiyAyika, vaizeSika, zAMkara, jaina aura bauddha sabhI darzanoM meM du:khakA mUla kAraNa avidyA ko hI batAyA hai| bauddha darzana meM kAryakAraNa zrRMkhalA kI kar3ImeM avidyAko mukhya kar3Ike rUpameM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya tathA nyAyavaizeSikameM avidyA ko prakRti tattvake rUpameM svIkAra kiyA hai, jaina darzanameM avidyA ke sthAna para "mithyAtva" kahA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai, vastuke yathArtha svarUpako na jAnakara viparItako hI yathArtha maannaa| mithyAtva ko hI sukha - du:kha athavA karmabandha ke kAraNoMmeM sabase prathama kAraNa kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra sukha-du:khakA kAraNa prAya: sabhI darzanameM avidyAko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai cAhe usakA nAma tathA rUpa kucha bhI ho, paranta 1. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / umA svAmI, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 1 sUtra 1 2. hiriyannA ema0 bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 16 3. mithyAdarzanAvirati pramAdakaSAya yogA : bandha hetavaH / umAsvAmI, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 1 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana abhiprAya samAna hI hai / jo vastu avAstavika hai, use vAstavika samajhanA, jo anAtma hai use Atma samajhanA hI avidyA hai| yahI saMsAra bhramaNa tathA samasta du:khoM kA pratIka hai / jaina darzanake anusAra mithyAtvake kAraNa hI jIva kI ananta zaktiyA~ AcchAdita ho jAtI haiM aura usakA jJAna sImita tathA indriyAdhIna ho jAtA hai / indriyoM meM samasta zeyoM ko yugapata grahaNa karane kI zakti nahIM hotI, isI kAraNa pUrva viSayachUTatA rahatA hai aura agrima kA grahaNa hotA rahatA hai| samagra ko yugapata grahaNa na kara pAnA hI du:kha kA kAraNa hai| upaniSadoM meM bhI kahA hai, "yo vai bhUmA tatsukhaM nAlpe sukhamasti / bhUmaiva sukhaM bhUmAtveva vijijJAsitavya / 2 isa alpatA ke kAraNa hI gata viSayoM kA smaraNa, anAgata kI cintA tathA iSTa - aniSTakI kalpanA jAgRta hotI hai| iSTa viSayoM kI prAptikI kAmanA, rAga aura aniSTa viSayoMke varjanakI kAmanA dveSa kahalAtI hai| yaha iSTAniSTa, rAga-dveSa yukta kAmanA hI navIna karmake saMcayameM kAraNa hotI hai| isa rAga-dveSa yukta kAmanAko hI AcArya umAsvAmI ne ArtadhyAnake rUpameM nirUpaNa kiyA hai - arti kA artha hai du:kha yA piidd'aa| pIr3A se utpanna ho vaha Arta hai, apriya vastu kI prApti aura priya vastu ke viyoga hone para hI isa prakAra kI rAga-dveSa yukta kAmanA utpanna hotI hai| navIna karma kA saMcaya karane vAlI yaha kAmanA hI sukha-du:kha kA mUla kAraNa hai, jise cArvAka ko chor3a kara sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne mAnA hai| pratyeka jIvAtmA meM yaha hInAdhika rUpa se vidyamAna hotI hai aura isI hInAdhikatA ke kAraNa hI bAhyAbhyantara jagat meM viSamatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| bAhyAbhyantara jagat kI viSamatA indriyoM dvArA pratyakSa yaha bAhya jagat aura antarmana meM kalpita Abhyantara jagat sarvatra sarvadA vaiSamyapUrNa dekhe jAte haiN| saMsArameM jitane bhI jar3a yA cetana padArtha dikhAI dete haiM, una sabakI prakRti, zakti tathA sthiti bhinna-bhinna hotI hai, koI bhI padArtha dUsare padArtha ke sAtha sarvathA sAmyatA nahIM rakhatA / manuSya . manuSya rUpase eka hote hue bhI koI sukhI koI du:khI, koI mUrkha aura koI vidvAn dekhA jAtA hai| eka hI parivArameM utpanna hone vAle vibhinna zizuoMkI 1. kramakaraNavyavadhAnagrahaNe khedabhavati * kundakunda svAmI, pravacanasAra, tAtparyavRti, gAthA 60 2. chAndogya upaniSad, adhyAya 7, khaNDa 23, mantra 1 3. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 1, sUtra 31-33 2010_03

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pRSTha bhUmi svAbhAvika, zArIrika, mAnasika, Arthika Adi sabhI avasthAeM pRthak - pRthaka dRSTigocara hotI haiM / isI prakAra kSetra kI apekSA bhI kahIM para saMhAra ho rahA haiM , kahIM para nirmANa, kahIM para utsava manAye jAte haiM aura usI samaya kahIM para zoka chAyA hotA hai / isI prakAra Abhyantara jagatmeM bhI saba prANiyoM kI cittavRttiyA~ pRthak-pRthak dRSTigocara hotI haiM, isa prakAra sarvatra bAhyAbhyantara jagat meM viSamatA hI viSamatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| ___ ina viSamatAoMse yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vizva meM eka aisI adbhuta zakti hai, jo svataMtra AtmAko vivaza banAkara, saMsAra meM itanI vividhatA, vicitratA aura viSamatAyeM utpanna kara rahI hai| jaina darzana meM usa zakti ko "karma" kahA jAtA hai / vedAnta darzana meM "mAyA" yA avidyA, sAMkhya darzana meM prakRti, vaizeSika darzanameM adRSTa yA saMskAra kahA jAtA hai|' jIva ke svayaMkRta karmoM meM vaiSamya hai, isI kAraNa usase utpanna hone vAlA bAhyAbhyantara jagat bhI vaiSamyapUrNa dikhAI detA hai, kyoMki kAraNa se hI kArya kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / / __ bAhyAbhyantara jagat kA yaha vaiSamya satya hai yA asatya, svAbhAvika hai yA Agantuka, ahetuka hai yA sahetuka yaha bahuta mahattvapUrNa prazna hai / cArvAka darzana isa vaiSamya ko satya, svAbhAvika aura ahetuka mAnatA hai, parantu yadi yaha satya, svAbhAvika aura ahetuka hotA to ise du:kha kA kAraNa nahIM honA cAhie thA aura isakA nAza nahIM honA cAhie, parantu yaha sAkSAt du:khakArI tathA santApakArI dekhA jAtA hai aura yogIjana isa vaiSamya se atIta dekhe jAte haiM, isIlie ise kabhI satya, svAbhAvika aura ahetuka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| loka meM prasiddha indriya jJAna kI asatyatA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki bAhya tathA Abhyantara jagat asat hai, kyoMki sat sadA anAdi nidhana, svata: siddha, svAdhIna aura nirvikalpaka hotA hai, jaisA ki paMcAdhyAyI meM kahA gayA hai - tattvaM sallAkSaNikaM sanmAnaM vA yata: svata: siddhm| tasmAdanAdinidhanaM svasahAyaM nirvikalpaM c||' 1. AtmArAma, jaina tattvakalikA, 1982, chaThI kalikA, pR0 145, 2. upAdAna kAraNa sadRzaM kAryam bhavati, devasenAcArya, bRhadnayacakra vi0sa0 1977, gAthA 368 kI cUlikA 3. rAjamala , paMcAdhyAyI, pUrvArdha, zloka-8 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta- eka adhyayana sat kA vinAza aura asat kA utpAda tIna kAlameM bhI sambhava nahIM hai| samantabhadrAcArya ne kahA hai- naivA'sato janma sato na nAzo / " 6 ataH yaha jagat vaiSamya asat hai, svAbhAvika na hokara kRtaka aura sahetuka hai, isIlie du: khakArI aura santApakArI hai| jaina darzanake anusAra yaha vaiSamya jIva tathA karma pudgaloMke anAdi saMyogase utpanna hai| jIvake rAgadveSAdi pariNAma isa vaiSam hetu haiM, parantu jIva tathA pudgala jaina mAnya do dravya haiM, jinakA svabhAva pRthak-pRthak hai / isI kAraNa donoM kA saMyoga svarNapASANa kI bhA~ti hai, jise kabhI bhI pRthaka kiyA jA sakatA hai, sAMkhyameM ise prakRti aura purUSakA saMyoga kahA hai, vedAnta meM brahma para avidyAkA AvaraNa kahA hai| donoM kA pRthaktva hI mukta hai / ina donoMkA saMyoga kaise huA, isa viSayameM yadyapi sabhI darzanoM meM vibhinnatA hai, parantu yaha vaiSamya saMyogake hI kAraNa hai, isameM sabhIkA eka mata hai paMca samavAya isa bAhyAbhyantara jagat ke kAraNa para vicAra karate hue aneka prakArake vAdoM kA janma huA / kAla hI sabako utpanna karatA hai, kAla hI sabako naSTa karatA hai, prANiyoM ke sonepara bhI kAla jAgRta rahatA hai, kAlako ThagA nahIM jA sakatA, isa prakAra kAlako hI jagat kA kAraNa mAnane vAlA kAlavAda hai, parantu kAlavAda prANIke puruSArthako paMgu banA detA hai aura manuSya ko karma karane se virata kara detA hai, jisase vaha muktikA purUSArtha nahIM kara pAtA / jagat meM jo kucha bhI vyavasthA hai svabhAva ke hI kAraNa hai, isa prakAra kevala svabhAva ko hI jagat kA kAraNa mAnane vAlA "svabhAvavAda hai / " saMsArakI pratyeka ghaTanA pahale se hI niyata hai, isa prakAra niyatiko hI mAnane vAlA "niyativAda" hai, kisI nizcita kAraNake binA akasmAt kArya kI niSpattiko mAnane vAlA " yadRcchAvAda" hai / kevala pUrvakRta karmoM ke bharose baiThe rahanA aura kisI prakArakA puruSArtha na karanA " daivavAda" hai, isameM manuSya bhAgya ke hAtha kA khilaunA banakara jItA hai / daivavAda pUrva kukarma kI sattA para vizvAsa rakhatA hai. parantu niyativAda karma ke astitvako 1. (ka) stotra, zloka 24 - (kha.) bhAvassaNatthi NAso Natthi abhAvassa caiva uppAdo, AcArya kundakunda, paMcAstikAya, gAthA 15, tulanIya bhagavadgItA, adhyAya 2, zloka 16 2010_03

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pRSTha bhUmi hI nahIM mAnatA, kevala puruSArthako hI mAnane vAlA puruSArthavAda hai / isa prakAra jagat ke kAraNakA anveSaNa karate hue vibhinna kAraNoMkI carcA kI gaI hai| karmavAdake samarthaka vicArakoMne ina saba vAdakA karmavAdake sAtha samanvaya karate: hue paMca kAraNa samavAya ko prastuta kiyA hai| anekAntavAdI honeke kAraNa jaina darzana yaha svIkAra nahIM karatA hai ki inameM se kevala eka yA do kAraNa paryApta haiN| koI bhI kArya apanI utpatti ke lie anekoM kAraNoMkI apekSA rakhatA hai, jaise miTTIkA piNDa ghaTa rUpa kAryakI utpattimeM upAdAna rUpase samartha hote hue bhI kumhAra, daNDa, cakra, DorA, jala, kAla, AkAza Adi anekoM "naimittika" kAraNoMkI apekSA karatA hai / usI prakAra vibhinna vAdoM kA sahavartitva hI kArya kI utpatti hetu hotA hai / kAla, svabhAva, niyati, daiva (purAkRta karma) aura purUSArtha (vartamAna krm)| ina pA~coMkA samavAya hI jaina darzanameM mukhyatAse svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / inameM se kisI ekako mAnakara anyakI upekSA karanA mithyAtva kahA gayA hai | isa tathya kI puSTimeM kahA jA sakatA hai ki kRSaka kRSi karmameM tabhI saphala hotA hai jaba paMca samavAya anukUla hoM / khetameM bIja bone kA samaya anukUla ho, kA aMkurita honekA svabhAva ho, kyoMki jalA huA bIja samaya para bone para bhI aMkurita nahIM hogA, khetameM use aMkurita karane kI zakti arthAt niyati ho, aura pUrvakRta zubha karma kA udaya ho, taba kRSakakA purUSArtha siddhahotA hai / isa prakAra yadyapi mukhya kAraNa vartamAnakA puruSArtha hai, parantu kAla Adi sahakArI kAraNa haiM, daiva bhI pUrvakRta karmakA hI pariNAma hotA hai| isa prakAra pAMcoM kAraNa hI sammalita rUpase kAryakI niSpatti meM kAraNa hote haiN| zvetAzvatara upaniSad tathA bhagavadgItAmeM bhI pA~coM kAraNake saMyogako mAnA gayA hai / niyatiko jainAcAryoM ne kAlalabdhi kahA hai, vastumeM nihita svadharma vizeSako "svabhAva" kahA hai' aura vidhi, brahmA, vidhAtA, daiva, purAkRta karma, Izvara ye saba karma rUpI brahmAke vAcaka zabda kahe haiN| " vartamAna karmako purUSArtha ke dvArA abhihita 1. nemicandrAcArya, gommaTasAra karmakANDa, zloka, 879-883 2. AtmArAma, jaina tattva kalikA, chaThI kalikA, pR0 150 3. 4. 5. (ka) zvetAzvatara upaniSad, adhyAya 1, zloka 2 (kha) bhagavadgItA, adhyAya 18, zloka, 14, 15 svenAtmanA asAdhAraNena dharmeNa bhavanaM svabhAva ityucyate / rAjavArtika, pR0 539 vidhisRSTA vidhAtA ca daivaM karma purAkRtam / Izvarazceti paryAyA vijJeyA: karmavedhasaH || mahApurANa, sarga 4, zloka 37 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai, jise jaina darzana meM vividha prakArakI sAdhanAoMke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisake AdhAra para daiva (purAkRta karmoM) ke phala ko bhI parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha meM mukhyatAsepaMcasamavAyoM meM se tIna ko AdhAra mAnA gayA hai / svabhAvavAda jaina darzanakA prANa hai, kyoMki jaina darzanake anusAra vastumeM jo zakti svata: na ho use koI bhI utpanna karane meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa|' svabhAvavAdako dRSTimeM rakhakara vastukI svAbhAvika vyavasthA tathA jIva aura ajIva tattvoMkA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki svabhAvako jAna kara hI unake saMyoga janita vistArako jAnA jA sakatA hai aura isa saMyogakI nivRttikA upAya kiyA jA sakatA hai / daivavAdake AdhArapara purAkRta karmoM kI vicitratA tathA purUSArthake AdhArapara vartamAna karmoM kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / isalie karmoM kI bandha, udaya Adi dasa avasthAoMko darzAyA gayA hai aura purUSArthake kramika vikAsako dhyAnameM rakhate hue paMcalabdhi, saMvara, nirjarA tathA guNasthAna vyavasthAko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kAla tathA kAlalabdhi (niyati) ko daiva aura purUSArthameM hI garbhita kiyA jA sakatA hai | __ isa prakAra karma siddhAnta prANiyoM ke prayatna ko nirarthaka siddha nahIM karatA aura na hI nirutsAhita karatA apitu yaha siddhAnta bhaviSyake prati AzAvAn banAtA hai aura vartamAnake prati sahiSNu banAtA hai| karma-darzanazAstra kA pradhAna viSaya . karma siddhAnta darzanazAstrakA pradhAna tathA mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai| sabhI darzanoM meM isa viSaya para vizeSa cintana kiyA gayA hai| jaise sukha-du:kha kA anveSaNa karate hue nyAya vaizeSika meM kahA gayA hai - saMsAra meM koI sukhI hai, koI dukhI hai, kisIko khetI Adi karane se vizeSa lAbha hotA hai, isake viparIta kisI ko hAni hotI hai, kisI ko acAnaka sampatti mila jAtI hai aura kisI para sahasA bijalI gira jAtI hai, ye saba bAteM kisI dRSTa kAraNa ke nimittase nahIM haiM, ata: inakA koI adRSTa kAraNa mAnanA caahie| 1. nahi svato'satI zakti : kartumanyena paaryte| ... kundakundAcArya, samayasAra, AtmakhyAti, gAthA 119 2. hiriyannA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 131 3. nemicandrAcArya, gommaTasAra karmakANDa, san 1980 prastAvanA, pRSTha 2 .. 2010_03

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pRSThabhUmi __ mahAtmA buddhane bhI kahA hai - he mAnava sabhI jIva apane karmoM se hI phala kA bhoga karate haiN| sabhI jIva karmoM ke Apa mAlika haiM, apane karmoM ke anusAra hI nAnA yoniyoMmeM utpanna hote haiN| apanA karma hI apanA bandhu hai, apanA karma hI apanA Azraya hai / karmase hI prANI U~ce aura nIce hote haiN|' isI prakAra janma-maraNake kAraNake viSayameM bhI mahAtmA buddhane kahA hai - jinameM kleza lagA hai arthAt jinakA citta rAgadveSa se rahita nahIM hai, ve janma grahaNa karate haiM aura jo klezase rahita ho gaye haiM ve janma grahaNa nahIM krte| _isa prakAra sukha-du:kha aura janma-maraNa ke kAraNa para sAMkhya yogAdi sabhI darzanakAroMne gaharA anucintana kiyA hai| parantu isa viSayameM prAya: sabhI eka mata haiM ki janma-maraNa kA kAraNa vyaktike apane pariNAma hote haiM, pariNAma se karma aura karmase gatiyoM meM bhramaNa hotA hai| gatiyoM kI prApti honepara zarIra, zarIrameM indriyA~, indriyoMse viSayoMkA grahaNa aura viSayoM ko grahaNa karanese rAga dveSa utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra anAdikAlase jIvakA yaha saMsAra cakra calA A rahA bauddha darzana dvArAmAnya "pratItyasamutpAda" bhI isI artha kI vivecanA karatA hai| ise dvAdaza nidAna, saMsAra cakra, bhAva cakra, janma maraNa cakra, dharma cakra Adi aneka nAmoM se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai| isa siddhAnta meM du:kha tathA janma-maraNake hetuoMkA ullekha karate hue bAraha kar3iyoMkA ullekha prApta hotA hai-avidyA, saMsAra, vijJAna, nAmarUpa, Sar3Ayatana, sparza, vedanA, tRSNA, upAdAna, bhava, jAti aura jarA-maraNa / yaha krama bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyakI dRSTise kiyA gayA hai| avidyA aura saMskArakA saMbaMdha pUrva janmase hai / antima do jAti aura jarAmaraNakA saMbaMdha bhaviSyake jIvanase hai aura madhyake ATha kAraNoMkA saMbaMdha vartamAna jIvanase hai / avidyA du:khoM kA mUla kAraNa hai isIliye kArya kAraNa zrRMkhalA avidyA para Akara ruka jAtI hai|' 1. uddhRta, gommaTasAra karmakANDa, prastAvanA, pR02 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, prastAvanA, pR02 3. kundakundAcArya, paMcAstikAya, vi.sa. 1972, gAthA 128 4. paMcAstikAya, gAthA - 129 - 130. 5. (ka). saMyuktanikAya 21.3.9. (kha). sinhA harendra prasAda, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, san 1980. pR095 2010_03

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10 . jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana - sAMkhya aura mImAMsA darzanameM bhI saMskAroM tathA usake bIjabhUta karmakA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai- jisa prakAra bIjase aMkura aura aMkurase bIja hotA hai usI prakAra saMskArase karma tathA karmase saMskAra utpanna hotA hai| rAgadveSa se nivRta ho jAne para bhI yogI kulAlacakrake bhramaNa kI bhA~ti pUrva saMskAra vaza zarIrako dhAraNa kiye rahatA hai| ___karma ke sAdhana mana vacana tathA kAya ye tIna hote haiM jinake dvArA prANI pratikSaNa kucha na kucha karatA rahatA hai aura unase anta:karaNa meM sahaja rUpa se saMskAroM kA nirmANa hotA rahatA hai / ve saMskAra zubhAzubha, puNyapApa rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| jaina darzanameM inakA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA haikAyavAD.mana:karma yoga:""zubha: puNyasyAzubha: pApasya 2 arthAt mana vacana kAya se prANI jo kucha bhI karatA hai, vaha zubha aura azubha rUpa hotA hai| zubha puNyakA kAraNa hai aura azubha pApakA kAraNa hai| isI prakAra manujIne manusmRtimeM kahA hai - "zubhAzubhaphalaM karma manovAgdehasambhavam" arthAt mana-vacana-kAya se kiye jAne vAle karmoM kA phala zubha yA azubha hotA hai| yoga darzana meM bhI isI prakAra puNya pApa ke hetu zubhAzubha karmoM kA vivecana prApta hotA hai| - isa prakAra puNya-pApa, zubha-azubha karmoM kA ullekha kisI na kisI rUpa meM sabhI darzanoM meM prApta hotA hai|nyaayvaishessik ise dharma-adharma kahatehaiM, mImAMsA darzanameM ise apUrva kahA gayA hai| yogadarzanameM ise hI karmake nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana meM kuzala tathA akuzala karmoM ke dvArA karma viSayaka siddhAnta kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / jaina darzana kA zreya sukha-dukha tathA janma-maraNa kA anveSaNa karate hue sabhI darzanoM ne jIvoM ke karmoM tathA saMskAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, parantu isa viSaya kA jitanA sUkSma tathA vistRta adhyayana jaina darzana meM prApta hotA hai vaha anyatra prApta nahIM hotaa| isakA 1.. tiSThati saMskAravazAccakramamavaddhRta zarIra: sAMkhyakArikA na.67 2. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 6,sUtra, 1,3 3. manusmRti, adhyAya 11, zloka 3 4. icchAdeSapUrvikAdharmAdharmapravRtti-vaizeSika sUtra 6.2.14 5. karmebhya: apUrva prtiiyedaabhirttvaatpryogsy| jaiminI sUtra 2.1.4 6. klezamUla: karmAzayo, yogasUtra, 2.12 2010_03

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pRSTha bhUmi 11 kAraNa yaha hai ki anya darzanoM meM tAttvika vivecanA para hI bala diyA gayA hai| karma. siddhAnta kA ullekha anya darzanoM meM prAsaMgika rUpa se hI prApta hotA hai / parantu jaina darzana kI tAttvika aura kArmika donoM hI dhArAyeM samAna rUpa se sAtha-sAtha calatI rahI haiN| kArmika dhArA ke antargata jaina darzana meM karmavAda para bahuta gaharAI se cintana kiyA gayA hai aura sAMgopAMga tarka saMgata evaM vyavasthita rUpa se vipula sAhitya likhA gayA hai / karmagrantha, kammapayar3I, paMca saMgraha, SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAyapAhuDa, gommaTasAra Adi vividha digambara tathA zvetAmbara grantha karma siddhAnta kA pratipAdana karate haiM / yogadarzanakAra maharSi paMtajali ne dRSTa aura adRSTa janma vedanIya ke rUpa meM kevala do adhikAroM kI sthApanA kI hai| ' vedAnta darzana meM svAmI zaMkarAcArya ne AgAmI, saMcita aura prArabdha trividha karmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha ullekha bhI atyanta saMkSipta tathA saMketa mAtra pAyA jAtA hai, jisase karmasiddhAnta kI gahanatA kA spaSTa paricaya prApta nahIM hotA / karma siddhAnta kI gahanatA kA paricaya dene ke lie jaina darzana meM dasa adhikAroM kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| jinameM AgAmI, saMcita aura prArabdha karma to haiM hI parantu vartamAna karmoM ke AdhAra para una karmoM kI zakti ke hInAdhika hone kA sUkSma vivecana bhI anya adhikAroM meM prApta hotA hai| ina bandha, udaya, satvAdi dasa adhikAroM ke antargata una karmoM ke svabhAva, AtmA se saMyukta hone kI kAlamaryAdA, svabhAva kI tIvratA - mandatA tathA karmoM ke parimANa vibhAga ko darzAne ke lie prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza bandhe ke avAntara adhikAroM kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / jIva ke bhAvoM ke anusAra karmoM ke vibhinna bheda prabhedoM kA jJAnAvaraNAdi aSTa prakRtiyoM ke rUpa meM ullekha prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra jIva ke vartamAna pariNAmoM ke anusAra karma bandhana kI pariNamana zIla avasthAoM kA bandha, udaya, satva, kSaya, upazama, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa, nidhatta aura nikAcita ina dasa adhikAroM meM kiyA gayA hai, jinheM karma siddhAnta ke "dasa karaNa" kahA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta ke antargata na kevala karmabaddha avasthA kA apitu karmamukta hone kI avasthA kA bhI caudaha sopAnoM (guNasthAna) dvArA vyavasthita varNana prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra se sUkSma vivecana ko prastuta karane kA I 1. klezamUlaH karmAzayo dRSTAdRSTa janma vedanIya, yoga sUtra, 2/12 2. zaMkarAcArya, tatvabodha, sUtra 43 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana zreya kevala jaina darzana ko hI prApta hai, anya darzanoM meM isa prakAra se karmoM kA vizleSaNAtmaka paricaya prApta nahIM hotaa| aryakartA tathA granyakartA yaha nirvivAda hai ki mAnava manISA tathA saMskAroM ke anusAra isa bhUmaMDala para sadA se do vicAra dhArAyeM sAtha-sAtha calatI rahI haiM - eka bhautika aura dUsarI pAramArthika / bhautika saMskRti jahA~ vaiSayika bhoga ke dvArA jIvana ko sukhamaya banAne ke prati.lAlAyita karatI hai, vahA~ hI pAramArthika saMskRti use vaiSayika bhoga ke tyAga dvArA jIvana meM AtmAnanda kI prApti karAtI hai / bhautikatA kA Alambana bAhma viSaya hai isalie yaha paratantra hai, jJAna mAtra meM avalambita hone ke kAraNa pAramArthika saMskRti svatantra hai| yadyapi sArA vizva adhikAMzata: bhautika saMskRti kA upAsaka rahA hai parantu isa bhUkhaNDa kA eka choTA sA bhAga aisA bhI hai jo kevala pAramArthika saMskRti para vizAsa karatA hai| vaha hai bhAratavarSa, isakI pAvanadharA para sadA se tattvadRSTA RSi tathA maharSi utpanna hote rahate haiM, jinake kAraNa yaha RSi bhUmi ke nAma se prasiddha hai / RSiyoM kI avicchinna dhArA meM jainoM ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra bhI apanA eka viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiN| kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt unakI bhASA atyanta madhura, manohara, gaMbhIra, vizada, hRdaya sparzI tathA atizaya yukta ho jAtI hai, jisase tiryaJca, deva, manuSya apanI-apanI bhASA meM use grahaNa kara lete haiM, yahI unakI vANI kA atizaya hotA hai| anekoM bhASAoM ko apane meM dhAraNa kiye rahane ke kAraNa unakI vANI ko "divya dhvani" kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra bhASA kI cintA chor3akara apanI atizaya yukta vANI se hRdaya meM sthita artha yA bhAva ko janagaNa mana taka pahuMcAne ke kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra arthakartA kahalAte bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI ke dvArA abhivyakta hone vAle artha ko unake pradhAna ziSya (gaNadhara) AcArya indrabhUti ne sUtroM meM baddhakara diyaa| vaha sUtrabaddha sAhitya hI gyAraha aMgoM aura caudaha pUrvo ke rUpa meM vyavasthita hai| isa prakAra 1. tiryagdeva manuSya bhASAkAra....ati manohara madhura, gaMbhIra, vizada vAtizaya sampanna... SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalATIkA, pustaka 1 khaNDa 1 sUtra, pR061 (amarAvatI prakAzinI saMsthA) 2. saMkhenaguNamAsAsa....viNiggayanjhuNi / dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 9, khaNDa ,sUtra 9, pR062 3. mahAvIro'rthakartA-dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, khaNDa 1. sUtra 1, pR061 2010_03

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pRSThabhUmi aneka granthoM kI racanA karane vAle indrabhUti jo ki Aja gautama gaNadhara ke nAma se prasiddha haiM, ve "granthakartA" kahalAte haiN| jaina vAD.maya kI maulika zAstra racanA dvAdazAMga vANI ke nAma se prasiddha hai| pratyeka aMga aneka pUrvo meM aura pratyeka pUrva anekoM vastugata adhikAroM meM aura pratyeka vastugata adhikAra aneka prAbhRtoM meM vibhAjita kiye gaye haiM / isa prakAra se vistRta jaina vAD.maya meM jaina darzana ke maulika siddhAntoM kA vistRta evaM spaSTa vivecana prApta hotA hai / karaNAnuyoga jaina bAD.maya ke isa vizAla sAhitya meM karma siddhAnta kA vivecana karane vAlA vibhAga "karaNAnuyoga" kahalAtA hai / karaNa zabda ke do artha jaina darzana meM prasiddha haiM - eka jIva ke pariNAma aura dUsarA indriya / karma siddhAnta meM karaNa zabda pariNAma artha meM hI prayukta huA hai| jIva ke rAga dveSAdi pariNAma hI usake karma kahalAte haiM, jinake phalasvarUpa use naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva ina caturgatiyoM meM bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| yaha bhramaNa hI saMsAra kahalAtA hai| isalie karaNAnuyoga meM tIna bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai - jIva ke pariNAma, vividha karma, aura unake phalasvara. prApta hone vAlA caturgati rUpa sNsaar| jIva ke pariNAmoM kA vivecana karane vAlA jIvakANDa, vividha prakAra ke karmoM tathA unakI bandha udayAdi OMAoM ko darzAne vAlA karmakANDa aura saMsAra bhramaNa ke svarUpa kA citraNa karane vAlA loka vibhAga, ina tIna avAntara vibhAgoM dvArA darpaNa ke samAna viSaya kA pratipAdana karane vAlA anuyoga karaNAnuyoga hai| prastuta zodha prabandha jIva kANDa aura karmakANDa ko AdhAra mAnakara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| - 1. caudasapaiNNayANa...teNidabhUdi..gaMtha kttaaro| dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 9,khaNDa 4, sUtra 44, pR0 126 2. (ka). karaNA:pariNAmAH, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, khaNDa 1, sUtra 16, pR0 180 (kha). karaNa cakSurAdi, rAjavArtika, adhyAya 6, sUtra 13, pR0523 3. jo khalu saMsArattho jIvo tato duprinnaamo| pariNAmAdo kamma kammAdo hodi gati sugati / paMcAstikAya, gAthA, 128 lokAloka vibhakteryuga parivRtezcartugatInAM ca Adarzamiva tayAmatiravaiti karaNAnuyogaM ca / samantabhadrAcArya, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, zloka 44 2010_03

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prathama adhyAya vastu svabhAva - - davvaM sallakkhaNayaM uppAdavvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNa pajjayAsayaM vAjaM taM bhaNNaMti svvnnhuu|| paMcAstikAya, gAthA 10. 1, sAmAnya paricaya vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jaina darzana kI dRSTi se jAne binA, jaina karma siddhAnta ko nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| isIliye sarvaprathama vastu kyA hai, vibhinna darzanoM meM vastu kA kyA svarUpa hai, jaina darzana se vaha kisa prakAra bhinna hai, jaina darzana meM vastu ke asAdhAraNa guNa kyA haiM, ityAdi vastu se saMbaMdhita vibhinna viSayoM para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| __ vastu kyA hai - isa viSaya para vicAra karate hue karma siddhAnta marmajJa jinendra varNI ne kahA hai, "jo kucha bhI yahA~ dikhAI de rahA hai yA vyavahAra meM A rahA hai, una sabako vastu yA padArtha kahane kA vyavahAra loka meM pracalita hai / vastu, padArtha aura dravya tInoM kA eka hI artha hai| isI ko saiddhAntika bhASA meM kahA jAtA hai ki jo sattA rakhatA hai yA jo sat hai vahI vastu padArtha yA dravya hai| isa prakAra vastu, dravya, sat, padArtha Adi saba eka hI artha kA pratipAdana karate haiM / jaina darzana kA vAstavavAda, vAstavikatA tathA sattA meM bheda nahIM krtaa| usake anusAra vastu hI sat hai aura sattA hI vastu hai / vastu ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue AcArya malliSeNa ne kahA hai - "vasanti guNaparyAyA asminniti vastu 2 jisameM guNa aura paryAyeM rahatI haiM, vaha vastu hai / malliSeNAcArya kI yaha paribhASA umAsvAmIkI dravyakI paribhASA se 1. (ka) jinendravarNI, padArtha vijJAna, 1982, pR0 6, (jinendravarNI granthamAlA, pAnIpata) (kha) daviyadi gacchadi tAItAiMsabbhAvapajjayAI jN| daviyaM taM maNNate aNaMNa bhUdaM tu sttaado|| (paMcAstikAya gAthA 9) (ga) havadipuNo aNNaM vA tamhA davvaM sayaM sattA (pravacanasAra 2.13) 2. malliSeNAcArya, syAdvAd maMjarI, san 1935 zloka 23, pR0 272 2010_03

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vastu svabhAva 15 sAmyatArakhatI hai| umAsvAmI ne kahA hai - "guNaparyAyavad - dravyam' arthAt guNa aura paryAya vAlA dravya hai| isa prakAra donoM paribhASAoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina mAnya vastu aura dravya eka hI artha ke dyotaka haiN| jisa prakAra agnikA uSNatva se aura jalakA zItatva se pRthak astitva nahIM hotA, usI prakAra guNa tathA paryAyoM se yukta vastukA apane guNa tathA paryAyoMse pRthak astitva nahIM hotaa| 2. anya varzanoM meM sattA kA svarUpa vedAnta ke anusAra jo sat hai vaha kabhI parivartita nahIM ho sakatA isIliye brahma hI eka paramasat hai, jagat kevala eka AbhAsa mAtra hai| zaMkarAcArya kI sampUrNa dhAraNA vivarta ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai, jisake anusAra jaise ajJAna ke kAraNa rassI meM sarpa kA bodha hotA hai, usI prakAra ajJAnake kAraNa jagat meM anekatva daSTigocara hotA hai / yathArthameM brahma hI eka mAtra vAstavika sattA hai anya kucha nhiiN| - bauddhadarzanakA dRSTikoNa vedAntase pUrNata: viparIta hai / bauddhamata ke anusAra koI bhI vastu nitya nahIM hai| pratyeka vastu apane utpanna hone ke dUsare kSaNameM hI naSTa ho jAtI hai, kyoMki naSTa honA padArthoM kA svabhAva hai / kUTastha nitya vastu meM arthakriyA nahIM ho sakatI, aura vastumeM arthakriyA na honese use sat bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa prakAra bauddhamatameM kSaNa sthAyI sattAko hI yathArtha mAnA gayA . sAMkhya darzana meM nitya aura anitya donoM sattAoM ko purUSa aura prakRti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| purUSa nitya, sthira aura cetana tattva kA dyotaka hai aura prakRti anitya, asthira aura acetana tattva kI dyotaka hai / isa prakAra sAMkhya darzana meM kUTastha, nitya aura parivartanazIla donoM sattAoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|' nyAyavaizeSika darzanameM bhI sattA ke dvaitako svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vizva kA nirmANa vibhinna prakArake paramANuoM aura jIvAtmAoM ke sahayogase hotA hai|' 1. umAsvAmI, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 37 2. jagadvilakSaNa brahma brahmaNo'nyatra na kiMcana, zaMkarAcArya, Atmabodha sUtra 63 3. sinhA harendra, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, 1980, pR0 105 1. sAMkhya kArikA, 11.1 5. sinhA harendra, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0210 2010_03

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16 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana nyAyavaizeSika ke anusAra vibhu dravyoMko gatihIna mAnA gayA hai aura aNu dravyoMko gatihIna aura gatizIla donoM prakArakA mAnA gayA hai / isa prakAra nyAyavaizeSika kA sattA viSayaka dRSTikoNa yadyapi sAMkhyakI taraha bahuvAdI hai, parantu nyAyavaizeSikameM sthiratAko vAstavikatAkA eka sambhava lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai, jo sAMkhya se bhinnatA rakhatA hai| mImAMsA darzana bhI nyAyavaizeSikakI bhA~ti bahuvAdI hai aura bhautika sattA ke mUla meM aneka tattvoMko svIkAra karatA hai, parantu mImAMsA darzanameM sthiratA ke sthAna para parivartanazIlatAke siddhAntako mAnA gayA hai| nitya hote hue bhI dravyake rUpa AgamApAyI hote haiM, isa prakAra kumArila bhaTTane padArthoM ke utpAda-vyaya aura sthiti rUpako svIkAra kiyA hai| 3. jaina darzana meM sattAkA svarUpa jaina darzana ke anusAra sat ko utpAda-vyaya aura dhauvya yukta mAnA gayA hai| umAsvAmIne sUtrameM kahA hai "utpAd-vyaya dhauvya yuktaM satjai na mAnya sata kA yaha lakSaNa use anya darzanoMse pRthaka karatA hai| jaina mAnya vastu yA dravya na to vedAntakI bhA~ti pUrNa kUTastha hai aura na hI sAMkhya darzana kI bhA~ti sattAkA cetana bhAga kUTastha - nitya aura acetana bhAga pariNAmi - nitya hai / isI prakAra jaina mAnya vastu bauddhadarzanakI bhA~ti mAtra utpAd-vyaya yukta bhI nahIM hai| nyAyavaizeSika kI bhA~ti jaina mAnya cetana va jar3a tattvoM meM niSkriyatA bhI nahIM hai / jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra cetana aura jar3a, mUrta aura amUrta, sUkSma aura sthUla sabhI sat padArtha utpAda-vyaya aura dhauvya rUpa se trirUpa haiN|" . vastu trirUpa kisa prakAra hai, isakA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka sattAtmaka vastu meM do aMza vidyamAna hote haiN| vastu kA eka aMza tInoM kAlo meM zAzvata rahatA hai, isI kAraNa vastu ko dhauvya kahA jAtA hai aura dUsarA aMza sadA parivartita hotA hai jisake kAraNa vastuko utpAda vyaya yukta kahA jAtA hai| 3. hiriyannA ema.bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0232 2. vahI, pR0 322 (kha) bhagavadagItA, 2.14 3. tatvAryasUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 30 4. vahI, sUtra 5. saMghavI sukhalAla, tatvArtha sUtra vivecanA, pR0 134 2010_03

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17 vastu svabhAva donoM aMzoMpara dRSTi DAlane se hI vastu kA pUrNa aura yathArtha svarUpa jJAta ho sakatA hai| donoM dRSTiyoMse samanvita svarUpa hI sat hai| donoM dRSTiyoMko jaina darzana meM "dravyArthika naya" aura "paryAyArthika naya" kahA jAtA hai| kevala dhruvatAko lakSya karane vAlI dRSTi dravyArthika aura utpAdavyaya ko lakSya karane vAlI dRSTi paryAyArthika hai| isa prakAra jaina mAnya sabhI dravya apanI-apanI jAtimeM sthira rahate hue bhI nimittake anusAra usI prakAra utpAda aura vyayako prApta karate haiM, jisa prakAra svarNa, svarNatva rUpase sthira rahate hue bhI kaTaka, kuNDala.rUpase parivartanako prApta karatA hai aura sAgarakA jala-jala rUpase sthira rahate hue bhI taraMgoMke rUpameM parivartita hotA hai| jaina darzanakA yaha pariNAmi-nityatvavAda sAMkhya darzanakI bhA~ti kevala jar3a prakRti taka hI sImita nahIM hai, parantu cetana tattva para bhI ghaTita hotA hai / jaina darzana sabhI jIva ajIva tattvoMko vyApaka rUpase pariNAmi-nitya mAnatA hai| isa prakAra jaina mAnya sattAke siddhAntake anasAra, yaha saMsAra ananta aura avinAzI hai, isako racane vAlA koI Izvara nahIM hai, apitu vastukA utpAda-vyaya yukta svabhAva hai, jo utpAda-vyaya yukta hote hue bhI mUla rUpa meM dhruva hai|' isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana meM sattA ke viSaya ko advaita yA dvaita ke kisI eka siddhAnta ke dvArA spaSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki donoM aMzoM ke sammalita rUpameM hI vastukA svarUpa nihita hai / ubhayAtmaka vastu svarUpake avabodha ke lie jaina darzanameM anekAntavAdakA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 4. vastuke guNa vastukI dRSTa kAryavyavasthAmeM do pramukha kAraNa dRSTigocara hAte haiM - antaraMga tathA bAhya / antaraMga kAraNa upAdAna kahalAtA hai aura bAhya kAraNa nimitta kahalAtA hai| inameM vivakSita vastu upAdAna kahalAtI hai| vastu ke svabhAva 1. pUjyapAdasvAmI, sarvArthasidri1955, adhyAya 1, sUtra 33 pR0 140 2. bhArgava dayAnanda, jaina ethiksa 1968, pR05 3. AlApa paddhati * zloka 2 1. DaoN0 glAsanepa, DaoNkTarAina oNpha karma ina jaina philAsaphI, 1942, pR01 5. akalaMkamaTTa, rAjavArtika, pR0 118 6. akalaMkabhaTTa, nyAya vinizcaya, zloka 13 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana meM jo guNa upAdAna rUpase sadaiva samAna rahate haiM, unheM sahabhAvIguNa kahA jAtA hai| sahabhAvI guNa bhI sAmAnya tathA vizeSake bhedase do prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| jIvaajIva, jar3a-cetana sabhI sattAbhUta vastuoM meM sAmAnya rUpa se rahane vAle guNoM ko sAmAnya yA sAdhAraNa guNa kahA jAtA hai aura vibhinna dravyoM meM vizeSa rUpa se rahane vAle guNoM ko vizeSa guNa kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ sarvaprathama sAmAnya guNoM kA hI vivecana iSTa hai jo sabhI dravyoM meM sAmAnya rUpase pAye jAte haiM aura jinake kAraNa jaina mAnya vastu kA svarUpa anya darzanoMse bhinna ho gayA hai| 5. sAdhAraNa yA sAmAnya guNa sAmAnya guNa dasa haiM - astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, agurUlaghutva, pradezatva, cetanatva, amUrtatva, acetanatva aura mUrtatva / inameM se prathama Sad guNa sabhI dravyoMmeM sAmAnya rUpa se pAye jAte haiM, cetanatva tathA amartatva jIvadravyameM pAyA jAtA hai, acetanatva tathA mUrtatva pudgala dravya meM pAyA jAtA hai aura acetanatva tathA amUrtatva jaina mAnya zeSa cAra dravyoM (dharma-adharma, AkAza aura kAla) meM pAyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra pratyeka dravya meM ATha-ATha sAmAnya guNa ho jAte haiN| yahA~ sabhI dravyoM meM pAye jAne vAle Sada sAmAnya guNoM kA vivecana iSTa (1) astitva guNa- jisa zakti yA guNake nimitta se dravyakA kisI bhI avasthAmeM nAza na ho use astitva guNa kahate haiM / isa guNake phalasvarUpa vastu anekoM citra-vicitra rUpoMko prApta hone para bhI sattAtmaka guNako sadaiva dhAraNa kiye rahatI hai / asat padArtha zazaviSANavat vyavahAra kA viSaya nahIM ho sktaa| (2) bastutva guNa-vastu kA jo guNa arthakriyA karane meM samartha ho use vastutva kahate haiN| jaise ghar3e kI arthakriyAjala dhAraNa karanA hai, isI prakAra pratyeka dravyakI pRthak-pRthak arthakriyA hai| arthakriyA lakSaNa pratyeka vasta meM samAna hote hue bhI 1. devasenAcArya, vRhadanayacakra, gApA 11 2. nayacakra, gAthA 12 3. ekkekkA aTThA sAmaNNAti savvadavvANa, bRhadanayacakra gAthA, 15 1. atvisahAbosattA "vadanayacakragAthA,61 5. vastunastAvavakriyA kAritva lakSaNa, syAvAdamaMjarI, pR0 30 / 2010_03

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vastu svabhAva prayojanakI apekSA bhinna ho jAtA hai, jisase vastu eka dUsarese vilakSaNa pratIta hotI hai| apane svarUpake grahaNa aura anya ke svarUpake tyAgase hI vastuke vastutva guNa kI vyavasthA hai| isa guNake kAraNa ghaTa, ghaTakA hI kArya karatA hai paTakA nhiiN| jIva dravyakA vastutva guNa jJAtA aura dRSTA honA hai aura pudgalakA vastutva guNa bananA aura naSTa honA hai, isa prakAra dravyoMke svabhAvakI vyavasthA bhI vastutva guNake dvArA hI bana pAtI hai| (3) dravyatvaguNa- vastukA jo guNa vastu kI sabhI paryAyoM meM anvita rahatA hai, use dravyatvaguNa kahate haiN| vastu ke isI guNake kAraNa jIva dravya nArakI, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva banatA hai, pudgala dravya skandha aura paramANukA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai, kAla dravya samaya, AvalI, pahara Adi ke nAmoMse pukArA jAtA hai aura AkAzadravya ghaTAkAza, maThAkAza, lokAkAza Adi rUpoMmeM vyavahRta hotA hai| . vastukA nitya pravAhita honA svabhAvase hI siddha hai, kyoMki jagat meM pratyakSa rUpase pariNamana dRSTigocara hotA hai| yaha svAbhAvika pariNamana sat hai, kyoMki sat utpAda vyaya dhauvya yukta kahA gayA hai| vastu kA yaha guNa, jaina mAnya vastuko bauddhamAnya kSaNikatAse aura vedAntamAnya kUTasthatAse pRthak karatA hai / vastuke isI guNake kAraNa vastu kA vibhinna rUpoM meM nirmANa hotA hai / isa prakAra sRSTikI vicitratA ko banAne vAlA yaha guNa, Izvara kartRtva kA bhI virodha karatA hai| kundakundAcArya ne dravyatva guNa kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai daviyadi gacchadi tAI tAI sambhAvapajjayAI jN| daviyaM taM bhayaMte aNaNNabhUdaM tu sttaado|| dravyatvaguNake kAraNa, dravya vibhinna sattAbhUta paryAyoM meM yathAnAma rUpa se parivartana karatA huA bhI, sattA ke sAtha ananya rUpa se avasthita hai / sUryabimba aura akRtrima caityAlayoM ko jainadarzana meM trikAla sthAyI kahA gayA hai, parantu trikAlasthAyI mAnate hue bhI dravyatva guNa ke kAraNa usake sUkSmaparivartana ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| 1. vimaladAsa, saptabhaMgI taraMginI, san 1916, pR0 38 2. jaina tattva kalikA, saptama kalikA, pR0 237 3. kundakundAcArya, paMcAstikAya, gAthA 9 4. jinendra varNI, naya darpaNa, 1965 pR0 563 2010_03

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20 jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta-eka adhyayana (4) prameyatvaguNa - vastukA jo guNa, vastuko pramANakA viSaya banAye, use prameyatva guNa kahate haiM / ' prameyatva guNa ke kAraNa vastu kisI bhI deza athavA kAla meM, kisI na kisI ke jJAnakA viSaya avazya banatI hai| jo vastu kisI bhI deza kAlameM jJAtA ke jJAnakA viSaya nahIM banatI, vaha vastu na rahakara zazaviSANavat kalpanA mAtra raha jAyegI / jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra jIvAdi SaTa dravyoM kA pramANa, kevala jJAna meM pratyakSa jhalakatA hai, isIlie ve prameyatva guNa ko prApta haiN| jIva, pudgala, AkAza va kAla ina cAra dravyoMko to nyUnAdhika rUpa se alpajJa bhI pratyakSa karate haiM, parantu dharma aura adharma dravya (jisakA varNana anya darzana meM dravya rUpa se nahIM hai) sarvajJa ke hI jJAna kA viSaya hote haiM / isa prakAra dharmAdi samasta dravyoM kA jJAna prameyatva guNa ke kAraNa hI prApta hotA hai / (5) agurulaghutva guNa- gurUtA aura laghutA kA abhAva agurulaghu kahalAtA hai / isa guNa ke nimitta se pratyeka dravya apane guNa aura paryAyoM meM gamana karatA huA bhI dUsare dravya rUpa meM pariNamana nahIM kara sakatA, eka guNa dUsare guNa meM pariNamana nahIM kara sakatA aura dravya ke vibhinna guNa apanese pRthak nahIM ho skte| yaha guNa sabhI jIva, ajIva dravyoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai / yaha guNa sabhI dravyoMkA niyAmaka hai / sukhalAla saMghavIke anusAra isa guNake kAraNa dravya anya dravya rUpa nahIM ho sakatA, dra guNa guNAntara kA kArya nahI karate aura dravya kI niyata sahabhAvI zaktiyA~ pRthaka nahIM ho pAtI / agurulaghutva guNa ke kAraNa vastu tAmbe tathA sone, athavA nIra kSIra kI bhA~ti saMzliSTa ho jAne para bhI vastu ke svAbhAvika guNoM meM alpamAtra bhI kahIM ho paatii| jar3a vastu jar3a ke guNoM sahita jar3a hI rahatI hai aura cetana vastu caitanya guNoM sahita cetana hI rahatI hai| isa prakAra hAnivRddhike abhAva ke kAraNa hI, isa guNa ko agurulaghu nAma diyA gayA hai / " (6) pradezatva guNa- pradezatva guNa kA lakSaNa karate hue AlApapaddhati meM devasenA varaiyAgopAladAsa, jaina siddhAnta pravezikA, 1962, pR0 30 jaina tattvakalikA, saptama kalikA, pR0 237 jaina siddhAnta pravezikA, 1962, pR0 30 1. 2. 3. 8. vivecanA sahita tattvArtha sUtra, pR0 127 kI TippaNI 5. agurUlaghorbhAvo'gurulaghutvam, AlApaddhati, pR0 89 2010_03

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vastu svabhAva 21 cArya kahate haiM- "pradezasya bhAva: pradezatvaM kSetratvaM avibhAgipudgalaparamANunAvaSTabdham pradezake bhAvako pradezatva arthAt kSetratva kahate haiM / vaha avibhAgI pudgala paramANu ke dvArA gherA huA sthAna mAtra hotA hai / vastu apane uparokta guNoM ke sAtha hI kisI na kisI AkRtiko bhI avazya dhAraNa karatI hai / vastu mAtrako AkRti pradAna karane vAlA guNa pradezatva guNa hI hai, isI guNa ke kAraNa jIva, dharma aura adharma dravya ko asaMkhyAta pradezI, AkAza ko ananta pradezI aura pudgalako saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta pradezI kahA jAtA hai| AkRti yA saMsthAna kA artha yahAM dRSTigocara sthUla AkAra mAtra nahIM hai, kyoMki dRSTigocara hone vAlA AkAra to kevala mUrtika dravyoMmeM hI pAyA jAtA hai, parantu yahA~ pradezoMke jisa AkArako grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha mUrtika aura amUrtika, sabhI dravyoMmeM samAna rUpase pAyA jAtA hai| ati sUkSma hone ke kAraNa paramANu yadyapi dikhAI nahIM dete, parantu unase nirmita vastuoMkI AkRti dikhAI detI hai, isase yaha spaSTa hai ki inake kAraNabhUta paramANu kucha na kucha AkRti avazya rakhate haiN| jIva yadyapi amUrtika hai, parantu pradezatva guNa ke kAraNa vaha jisa zarIrameM jAtA hai, usI Akatiko dhAraNa kara letA hai| kriyAke kAraNa vastuke AkAra meM bhI parivartana ho jAtA hai / jIva aura pudgala ye donoM dravya hI kriyAvAn haiN| ata: ina donoMmeM hI AkAra parivartana hotA hai| zeSa dravyoMmeM AkAra to hai, parantu unameM niSkriyatA hai, isI kAraNa unake AkAra parivartana nahIM hote| ____ isa prakAra vastu meM astitva AdiSaT sAmAnya guNa pAye jAte haiN| ina chahoM sAmAnya guNoMke kramakI bhI sArthakatA hai / vastu vahI hai jo sattAtmaka hai, isIliye astitva guNa ko sarvaprathama rakhA hai, astitvayukta vastukA prayojanabhUta kArya avazya hotA hai, dravyatvaguNake binA prayojanabhUta kArya sambhava hI nahIM hai, ina tInoM guNoMse yukta vastu prameyakA viSaya avazya hotI hai / dravyoM kI sattA ko pRthakpRthak rakhane vAlA agurUlaghutva guNa aura AzrayabhUta pradezatva guNa, antameM kahA gayA hai| 1. AlApa paddhati , pR091 2. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 8-10 3. jaina siddhAnta zikSaNa, pR097, dravyAnuyoga pravezikA, pRSTha 18,22. 4. siddhAnta pravezikA, pR0 30 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana 22 niSkarSa jaina mAnya vastu svabhAva ke SaT sAmAnya guNoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina mAnya vastu yA sattA SaT dravya rUpa hai / vaha apane svabhAva ke kAraNa hI parivartana ko prApta karatI hai, anya kAraNa usameM nimitta mAtra haiN| isa prakAra jainoMkA yaha siddhAnta bauddhoM ke asatkAraNavAdakA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, kyoMki vAstavika sattA ke binA kArya kI niSpatti nahIM ho sktii| jaina mAnya vastusvarUpa advaita vedAntiyoM ke satkAraNavAdase bhI bhinna hai, kyoMki jainoMne sat rUpameM, jar3a aura cetana donoM tattvoMko svIkAra kiyA hai, jabaki vedAntameM kevala eka Atmatattvako hI sat rUpameM svIkAra kiyA hai| __ jaina mAnya vastu nyAyavaizeSikoMke asatkAryavAda se bhI pRthak hai, kyoMki jainoMke anusAra samasta sRSTi sat rUpa hai, aura sat rUpameM rahate hue hI apane dravyatva guNake kAraNa parivartana karatI hai| isa prakAra jainoMkA vasta svarUpa sAMkhya ke satkAryavAdase kAphI samAnatA rakhatA hai, kyoMki sAMkhya darzana aura jaina darzana donoMne jar3a aura cetana tattvoMko sat rUpameM mAnA hai aura ina donoMse hI bAhyAbhyantara jagat rUpa kAryakI utpatti hotI hai| parantu sAMkhya kA cetana tattva niSkriya hai, jainoM ne donoM tattvoM ko kriyAzIla mAnA hai| isa prakAra jIva tathA pudgala bhale hI apanI kriyA zaktike kAraNa eka dUsarese saMbaMdhako prApta hoM, parantu unakI sattA pRthak-pRthak hai, isa vivekako prApta kara hI jIva anAdikAlIna karmamalako apanese pRthaka kara sakatA hai| jaina darzanake anusAra jagat kA astitva to hai, parantu yaha jagat jIvakA sAdhya nahIM hai, isIliye sAdhaka ko, AtmA ko AcchAdita karane vAle karmamalakA apagama karanA hotA hai| zrI jinendra varNI jI ke zabdoM meM SaT sAmAnya guNoMke samudAya rUpa vastu svaMya sat, nitya aura anAdi hai| abhUtapUrva naI vastu kA nirmANa karanA sambhava nahIM hai aurana hI bIjabhUta maulika vastukA nAzasambhava hai| asatkI utpatti aura sat kA vinAza tIna kAlameM bhI sambhava nahIM hai / samantabhadrAcAryane bhI kahA hai - "naivAsato janma sato na naasho| gItAke dvArA bhI isakI tulanAkI jA sakatI hai| 1. jaina tattvakalikA, prastAvanA, pR0 26 2. jinendra varNI , karma siddhAnta, san 1981, pR011 3. samantabhadrAcArya, svayambhUstotra, zloka 24 4.. bhagavadgItA, adhyAya 2, zloka 16 2010_03

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vastu svabhAva ___ ata: jaina darzanake anusAra jIvakI bhA~ti pudagaloMkA astitva bhI anAdi hai, inakA nAza to nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, parantu AtmA para chAyI karma rUpa avasthAkA vinAza avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai / 6. vastuke asAdhAraNa yA vizeSa guNa jaina darzanake anusAra vastuko Sad dravyoMke samUha rUpa mAnA gayA hai / padravyoMke pRthak-pRthak vizeSa guNoMko hI vastuke asAdhAraNa yA vizeSa guNa kahA jAtA hai / asAdhAraNa kahe jAne vAle guNa apane-apane dravya kI apekSA sAdhAraNa hone para bhI bhinna dravya, athavA dravya samUhakI apekSA asAdhAraNa hI haiN| jaise jJAna, sukhAdi sarvajIvoMmeM sAmAnya rUpase pAye jAne ke kAraNa jIva dravya ke prati sAdhAraNa haiM aura dravyoM athavA dravya samUha meM na pAye jAnese unake prati asAdhAraNa haiN| prastuta prakaraNa meM sAmAnya rUpase vastukA kathana hai, isI kAraNa vastu kI apekSA ye vizeSa yA asAdhAraNa hI hote haiN| samasta asAdhAraNa guNa saMkhyAmeM solaha hote haiM - jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, gatihetutva, sthiti hetutva, avagAhana hetutva, vartanAhetutva, cetanatva, acetanatva, mUrtatva, amuurttv| inameM se bhAvasvarUpa guNoM ko anujIvI guNa kahate haiM, jaise jJAna, darzana, sukhAdi aura abhAva svarUpa guNoM ko pratijIvI guNa kahate haiM jaise acetanatva Adi / Age pRthak-pRthak dravya kI dRSTise uparokta asAdhAraNa guNoMkA vivecana iSTa hai - (ka) jIva dravya ke asAdhAraNa guNa jIva dravya meM SaT vizeSa guNa mAne gaye haiM - AlApa paddhati meM kahA gayA hai - "jIvasya jJAnadarzanasukhavIryANi cetanatvamamUrtatvamiti SaT"" jJAna jIva kA eka vizeSa guNa hai, jo sva tathA para donoM ko jAnane meM samartha hai|' nirvikalpa rUpa se padArthoM ko grahaNa karane kI zaktiko darzana kahate haiN|' AhlAda yA AnandakA nAma sukha hai| dravyakI apanI zakti vizeSako vIrya kahate __jJAnasukhAdaya: svajAtau sAdhAraNA api vijAtopunarasAdhAraNA: yogendudeva paramAtmaprakAza, vikra.saM.2017, pR.58 2. AlApa paddhati, pR0 32 3. jaina siddhAnta pravezikA, pR042 4. AlApa paddhati, pR0 32 jinendra varNI, jainendra siddhAnta koza, 1971, bhAga 2, pR0 255 6. paMcasaMgraha, gAthA, 138 7. 'sukhamAlAdanAkAram' akalaMkabhaTTa, nyAyavinizcaya, adhikAra 1, pR0428 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana haiM / jisa zaktike nimitta se jIva jJAtA-dRSTA aura kartA-bhoktA hotA hai, jIvakI vaha zakti cetanatva hai| sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa Adi guNoMse rahita aura indriyoMse agrAhya honeko amUrtatva kahate haiM, jaisA ki nayacakra meM kahA gayA hai - - "rUvAipiMDo muttaM vivarIya tANa vivarIyaM"3 jIvadravyake ye Sad asAdhAraNa guNa jIvake svarUpake sAtha pratyeka avasthAmeM vidyamAna hote haiM / karmoMse lipta saMsArI jIvoMmeM ye guNa AvRta avasthAmeM hote haiM, paranta muktAvasthAmeM ye guNa pUrNa rUpase pragaTa ho jAte haiN| (kha) pudgala dravyake asAdhAraNa guNa jaina darzanake anusAra pudgala dravya meM Sada vizeSa guNa pAye jAte haiN| AlApa paddhatimeM ina guNoMkA nAma nirdeza kiyA gayA hai - "pudgalasya sparzarasagandhavarNAmUrtatvamacetanatvamiti SaT" pudgalakA sabase prathama guNa sparza hai / sparza guNake dvArA halkA, bhArI, zIta, uSNa, narama, kaThora, rUkSa aura snigdha ina ATha prakArakA jJAna hotA hai|' rasa guNa ke kAraNa khaTTA, mIThA, kar3avA, kaSAyalA aura caraparA ina pA~ca svAdoMkA jJAna hotA hai / gandha guNake dvArA sugandha aura durgandha kA jJAna hotA hai|" varNaguNa ke dvArA kRSNa, nIla, pIta, zukla aura rakta ina pA~ca prakArake raMgoMkA jJAna hotA hai| indriyagrAhyatAkA honA mUrtatva hai| cetanatva guNakA abhAva hI acetanatva hai| isa prakAra sparzAdike uttara bheda bIsa aura mUrtatva tathA acetanatva milakara pudgala dravyake kula bAIsa asAdhAraNa guNa ho jAte haiN| (ga) zeSa cAra dravyoM ke asAdhAraNa guNa jIva aura pudgalake atirikta zeSa cAra dravyoMmeM cAra vizeSa guNa pAye jAte 1. "dravyasyasvazakti vizeSovIryam / " pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 1955, pR0 323 2. rAjavArtika, pR0 26 3. vRhadnayacakra, gAthA, 64 4. AlApa paddhati, pR033 5. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 293 6. sarvArthasiddhi, gR0 294 7. . vahI , pR0 294 8. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0294 9. paMcAstikAya, gAthA, 99 10. sAlApa paddhati, pR0 34 2010_03

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vastu svabhAva 25 haiN| dharma dravyakA guNa gati hetutva hai| apanI hI upAdAna zaktise jIva tathA pudgalako usI prakAra gati karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai jaise jala machalIke gamana meM sahAyaka hotA hai|' adharma dravyakA guNa sthiti hetutva hai| apanI hI upAdAna zaktise jIva aura pudgala yadi ThaharanA cAhe to adharma dravya usI prakAra sahAyatA detA hai jaise vRkSakI chAyA pathikako ThaharAne meM sahAyatA detI hai| jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura kAla ina pA~coM dravyoM ko avakAza arthAt sthAna pradAna karane vAlA AkAzadravya hai| AkAzake isa guNako avagAhanatva guNa kahate haiN| kAla dravyakA guNa vartanAhetutva hai / jIva-pudgala dharma, adharma aura AkAza ina pA~coM dravyoMmeM samaya-samaya para jo parivartana hotA rahatA hai, usa parivartana meM kAla dravya nimitta kAraNa hotA hai, jisa prakAra zItakAlameM chAtroM ke adhyayanameM agni sahakArI yA nimitta kAraNa hai, usI prakAra padArthoM kI pariNatimeM kAla dravyakA vartanA guNa sahakArI hai| ina cAroM dravyoMmeM pratyekameM amUrtatva aura acetanatva guNa bhI pAye jAte haiN| amUrtatvakA jIvake guNoMmeM aura acetanatvakA pudgalake guNoM meM nirdezana ho cukA hai| uparokta cAroM dravyoM meM amUrtatva aura acetanatva kI yadi pRthak-pRthak gaNanA kareM to ATha guNa aura mila kara caubIsa guNa kahe jA sakate haiN|' 7. jaina mAnya guNoM kI nyAyavaizeSika ke guNoM se tulanA jaina darzana ke uparokta sAdhAraNa tathA asAdhAraNa guNoM ke vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina mAnya guNoMkA svarUpa nyAyavaizeSikake guNoMse bhinna hai| yadyapi jaina darzanameM nyAya vaizeSikakI taraha guNoMko dravyake Azrita aura nigurNa kahA hai| parantu nyAyavaizeSikoM kI taraha pRthak padArthake rUpameM gaNanA nahIM kI hai| 1. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 17 2. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 18 3. vahI, gAthA 19 4. vahI, gAthA 2 5. vRhad nayacakra, zloka 13 (ka.) dravyAzrayA nirguNA : guNA:, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 41 (kha.) "dravyAzrayyaguNavAn..iti guNa lakSaNam" vaizeSika sUtra, adhyAya 1, Ahinaka 1, sUtra 16 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana nyAyavaizeSikane dravyake sAtha guNoMkA ayutasiddhasaMbaMdha mAnA hai, jo vRkSa kI DAlI tathA phUlapattoMke samAna hotA hai / jaise DAlI aura phUla patte vRkSake Azrita rahate hue bhI usase pRthak haiM, usI prakAra nyAyavaizeSikake guNa, dravya para Azrita rahate hue bhI usase bilkula pRthak mAne jAte haiN| jaina mAnya guNa isake viparIta apane dravyase tAdAtmya saMbaMdha rakhate haiN| jisa prakAra agnikI uSNatA agnike Azrita rahate hue bhI agni se tAdAtmya saMbaMdha rakhatI hai, agnise kabhI bhI pRthak nahIM ho sakatI, usI prakAra jaina mAnya guNa, tAdAtmya saMbaMdhake kAraNa bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna tIna kAlameM bhI dravyase pRthak nahIM ho sakate / jaise dAhakatva, prakAzakatva, uSNatva se pRthak agni svatantra vastu nahIM hai, vaise hI jaina mAnya guNoMse pRthak dravya svatantra nahIM hai| 8. paryAya.. guNoMkI vibhinna samayameM hone vAlI abhivyakti hI paryAya kahalAtI hai, athavA guNoMke vikArako paryAya kahate haiN| devasenAcArya ne paryAya kA vyutpatyartha karate hue kahA hai- "yAti paryeti, pariNamati iti paryAya dravyako yadyapi guNa aura paryAyoMkA samUha kahA jAtA hai, parantu jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra - guNa, dravyake sAtha pratyeka avasthAmeM tanmaya hokara rahate haiM aura guNoMkI abhivyakti karane vAlA paryAya kramapUrvaka hI dravyake sAtha rahatA hai, isIliye kahA gayA hai - "kramavartina: pryaayaaH| kramavartIse tAtparya hai ki kAlakramase paryAyoMkI ananta avasthAyeM bIta cukI haiM aura ananta bhaviSyameM hoMgI, parantu eka avasthA vartamAna kAlameM rahatI hai| sukhalAlasaMghavIne paryAyakA vivecana karate hue kahA hai - dravyameM pariNamana utpanna karane kI zaktiko guNa kahate haiM aura guNa se utpanna pariNamana ko paryAya kahate haiN| isaprakAra guNa kAraNa hai aura paryAya kArya hai| dravyatva guNa kekAraNa vastu meM sadA pariNamana rUpa kArya hotA rahatA hai| pariNamana karate hue bhI ye paryAya, dravya se pRthak nahIM hote, apitu sAgara kI taraMgoM kI bhA~ti sadA vastumeM se udita hokara usImeM lIna hote rahate haiM, jaisA ki nimna zloka meM darzAyA gayA hai1. hiriyaNNA ema. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 231 2. jinendra varNI, padArtha vijJAna, 1982, pR0 17 3.. jaina siddhAnta pravezikA, pR035 4. AlApa paddhati, pR092 5. AlApa paddhati, pR087 6. tattvArtha sUtra vivecanA, pR0142 2010_03

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vastu svabhAva anAdyanidhane dravye sva paryAyAH pratikSaNam | unmajjanti nimajjanti jalakallolavajjale || ' paryAyakI bauddhamAnya kSaNikavAdase tulanA jainamAnya paryAyakA svarUpa bauddhamAnya kSaNikavAdase bhinna hai / yadyapi bauddhoMke kSaNikavAdake anusAra pratyeka vastu kSaNa-kSaNa meM badala rahI hai aura jaina mAnya paryAya bhI guNoM ke pariNamanake phalasvarUpa hI utpanna hAtI hai, parantu maulika rUpameM donoM kA svarUpa eka nahIM hai| bauddhoMkI parivartanazIlatA kisI sthAyitva ke AdhAra para nahIM hai / DaoN0 hiriyannA ke zabdoM meM- "" nirantara parivartana ho rahA hai, parantu aisI koI vastu nahIM hai jisakA parivartana ho rahA hai, dUsare zabdoM meM buddhane kevala cetanAkI avasthA ko svIkAra kiyA hai, cetanA ko nahIM / 9. dayAnanda bhArgava ne bhI bauddha tathA jaina ke kSaNikavAda aura paryAyameM antara spaSTa karate hue kahA hai - bauddhoMke anusAra kucha bhI sthAyI nahIM hai, pratyeka vastu parivartanameM se gujara rahI hai / aura jaina mAnya paryAyameM aisA parivartana hai jisameM pUrvAvasthAkA vilaya aura uttarAvasthAkA prAgaTya ho rahA hai, parantu dravya nirantara donoM avasthAoMmeM sthAyI hai / " jaise devadatta- bAlaka, yuvA aura vRddhasabhI avasthAoMmeM devadatta hI hai| AtmA manuSyake rUpameM ho yA pazu pakSIke rUpameM usameM cetanatvAdi guNakI sthiti sadaiva rahatI hai| isI prakAra pudgala cAhe sUkSma ho yA sthUla dvayaNuka ho yA trayaNuka aneka avasthAoMmeM bhI pudgalatvako nahIM chor3atA / " isa prakAra jaina mAnya paryAya kSaNikavAdase bhinna arthako grahaNa karatI hai / 10. paryAya ke bheda paryAyameM hone vAlA pariNamana sthUla aura sUkSma ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai / sthUla pariNamanako jaina siddhAntameM vyaMjana paryAya kahA jAtA hai aura 1. AlApa paddhati, zloka 2, pR0 42 2. hiriyannA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 143 3. hiriyannA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 140 4. 5. 27. There is nothing permanent in this universe. jaina ethiksa, pR0 51 Change means disappearance of previous state of Modification and appearance of a new one with continuity of the same substratum, jaina ethiksa, pR0 52 6. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, gAthA 25 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana 28 sUkSma pariNamanako arthaparyAya kahA jAtA hai|' ye donoM hI paryAya puna: svabhAva tathA vibhAva ke bheda se do-do prakArakI ho jAtI hai, jaisA ki nimna sAriNImeM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai vyaMjana 2. vibhAva paryAya 1. svabhAva (ka) svabhAva vyaMjana paryAya pradezatva guNake vikArako vyaMjana paryAya kahate haiN| jisa vyaMjana paryAya meM kisI dUsare ke nimittake binA apane svabhAva se hI parivartana hotA hai, use svabhAva vyaMjana paryAya kahate haiN| jIvakI siddhaparyAyameM koI anya nimitta nahIM hai, apanI svAbhAvika zaktise hI vaha isa paryAyako prApta karatA hai aura carama zarIra se kiMcit nyUna dehAkArameM sthita hotA hai / (kha) vibhAva vyaMjana paryAya 1. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, gAthA 25 2. 3. 4. 1. svabhAva (ka.) jaina siddhAnta pravezikA, pR0 36 (ka.) jaina siddhAnta pravezikA, pR0 37 vRhad nayacakra, gAthA 26 2010_03 artha pradezatva guNakA jo vikAra dUsare padArthake nimittase hotA hai vaha vibhAva vyaMjana paryAya kahalAtA hai, jaise jIvakI nAraka tiryaMca Adi paryAya | nAraka tiryaJcAdi paryAya jIvameM karmarUpa pudgaloM ke nimittase utpanna hote haiM aura sthUla haiM, isIliye inheM vibhAva vyaMjana paryAya kahA jAtA hai| do aNukAdi skandha meM pariNamita pudagala vibhAva vyaMjana paryAya hote haiM / (ga) svabhAva artha paryAya pradezatva guNake atirikta anya samasta guNakA jo vikAra binA kisI dUsare ke nimittase ho use svabhAva artha payArya kahate haiM jaise jIvake jJAnAdiguNa siddhAvasthA meM bhI jIvake anantajJAnAdi guNoM meM sUkSmavartana hotA rahatA hai, isIliye yaha jIvakI svabhAva artha paryAya hai / aNurUpa pudgala dravyameM sthita rUpa, rasa, gandha, varNa pudgala kI svabhAva artha paryAya haiM / " 2. vibhAva 25 (kha.) vRhada nayacakra, gAthA 21, (kha.) vRhada nayacakra, gAthA 23,33

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vastu svabhAva (gha) vibhAva artha paryAya pradezatva guNake atirikta anya samasta guNoMkA jo vikAra, para nimitta se utpanna hotA hai use vibhAva artha paryAya kahate haiN|' jIvake rAga dveSAdi pariNAma karmapudgaloM se utpanna hone vAlA sUkSma parivartana hai, isIliye use vibhAva artha paryAya kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra donoM prakArakI dravya athavA vyaMjana paryAya AkRtikA bodha karAtI haiM aura guNa athavA artha paryAya guNoMkA bodha karAtI haiN| vyaMjana paryAya sAmAnya hotI haiM aura artha paryAya vizeSa hotI haiM / 11. vastukI anekAtmakatA jaina darzanameM vastuko sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka kahA gayA hai|' vastusvabhAva ke astitvAdi guNoM tathA utpanna dhvaMsI paryAyoMke vivecanase sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka guNoMkI siddhi ho jAtI hai / jaina mAnya vastuke sAmAnya aura vizeSa guNa nyAyavaizeSika kI taraha pRthak-pRthak astitva nahIM rakhate, apitu ve paraspara isa prakAra mile huye haiM ki sAmAnya vihIna vizeSa aura vizeSa vihIna sAmAnya kI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI / AlApa paddhatimeM kahA hai nirvizeSaM hi sAmAnyaM bhavet kharaviSANavat / sAmAnyarahitatvAcca vizeSastadvadeva hi || 29 sAmAnya aura vizeSakA paraspara avinAbhAvI saMbaMdha hai / ye donoM eka dUsare ke binA nahIM raha sakate, kyoMki aneka dharmAtmaka vastukI ekAnta pakSase siddhinahIM ho sakatI / sAmAnya aura vizeSa ubhaya pakSako vastu svabhAvameM yugapata mAnaneke kAraNa hI jaina darzanako anekAntavAdI kahA jAtA hai / vastuke ubhaya svarUpako na mAna kara kevala ekAnta pakSako mAnane vAle darzana ekAntavAdI kahe jAte haiM / jaina mAnya vastu, svabhAvase viparIta honeke kAraNa, jaina darzanakAroMne ekAntavAdake kathanako zUnya, asat, mithyA aura vastukA ghAta karane vAlA kahA hai, , kyoMki vastumeM eka hI samayameM dravya dRSTise nityatva aura paryAya dRSTise 1. paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti, gAthA 16, pR0 36 2. dravyAnuyoga pravezikA, pR0 23 3. sAmAnyavizeSAtmakaM vastu, AlApa paddhati, pR0 88 4. 5. AlApa paddhati, zloka 9, pR0 100 anekAntAtmadRSTiste, satI zUnyo viparyayaH / tataH sarvam mRSoktaM syAttadayuktaM svaghAtataH / samantabhadrAcArya, svayambhUstotra, zloka, 98 2010_03

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30 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana anityatva dekhA jA sakatA hai / vyaktike vyaktitvakI nityatAmeM bAlaka aura vRddha, sabhya aura gaMvAra paraspara virodhI dharma dRSTigocara hote haiN| ye virodhI dharma akhaNDa dravyakI dRSTise haiM, kramavartI paryAyakI dRSTise to jisa samaya bAlaka hai usa samaya bUDhA nahIM aura jisa samaya sabhya hai usa samaya gaMvAra nahIM hai| virodhI dharmoM ke sat-asat, nitya-anitya, eka-aneka, vaktavyaavaktavya aneka rUpa ho sakate haiN| vastu svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAva kI apekSA sat hote hue bhI para dravya, parakSetra para kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA asat hai| isa prakAra asti-nAsti aura vidhi-niSedha rUpadharma vastu meM sAkSAt dekhe jA sakate haiN|' - vastumeM aneka virodhI dharma kaise sambhava haiM ? isake uttara meM udAharaNa diyA jA sakatA hai ki jaise eka manuSya apane putrakA pitA hai, usI samaya vaha pitA kA putra bhI hai, mAmAkA bhAnajA bhI hai aura bhAnaje kA mAmA bhI hai, isI prakAra nitya anitya Adi virodhI dharma eka hI samayameM bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se sambhava haiM / DaoN0 hiriyannAke zabdoMmeM vastuko aneka dRSTikoNoMse dekhA jA sakatA hai| pratyeka dRSTikoNase eka bhinna niSkarSa prApta hotA hai| vastukA svarUpa kisI eka dRSTikoNake dvArA vyakta nahIM hotA kyoMki usameM vaividhya mUrtimAna hotA hai| vastuke isa vaividhya ko hI anekAnta kahA gayA hai| 12. svacatuSTya catuSTayakA artha hai caukdd'ii| jaina darzanakAroMne vastu ke anekAnta svarUpa ko vibhinna dRSTikoNoMse pratipAdana karane ke liye aneka prakArakI caukar3iyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| jaise dravyake svabhAva kA pratipAdana karane vAle svacatuSTya, dravyake para bhAvakA pratipAdana karane vAle para catuSTya, virodhI dharmoM kA pratipAdana karane vAle yugmacatuSTya, jIvakI ananta jJAnAdi zaktiyoMkA pratipAdana karane vAle ananta catuSTya aadi| prastuta prakaraNameM vastu svabhAvakI vyAkhyAmeM svacatuSTya hI iSTa hai| svacatuSTyakA artha hai ki svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAvake dvArA jo vastu 1. syAdasti ca nAstIti ca nityamanityaM tvanekamekaM c| tadatacceti catuSTyayummairiva gumphita vstu||pNcaadhyaayii, pUrvArdha, zloka 262 2. hiriyannA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 164 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 4, pR0 277 2010_03

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vastu svabhAva 31 astitva rakhatI hai, vahI vastu paradravya, parakSetra, para kAla aura parabhAva ke dvArA astitva nahIM rkhtii| jaise ghar3A pArthiva rUpa dravyase, ghaTa pramANa kSetra se, vartamAna paryAya rUpa kAla se aura raktavarNAdi bhAva se, asti hai, vahI ghar3A anya jalAdi dravya se, apane sthAna se atirikta kSetra se, atIta tathA anAgata kAla se aura zvetAdi bhAvoM se, nAsti rUpa hai| AlApa paddhatimeM isa bhAvako sUtra rUpa meM nirdiSTa karate hue kahA hai - "svadravyAdigrAhakeNAstibhAva" "paradravyAdigrAhakeNa-nAsti svabhAva:"2 isI prakAra utpAda-vyayako gauNa karane vAlI sattA nitya hai. aura utpAda-vyaya ko mukhya rakhane vAlI sattA anitya hai|' 13. antima ikAI svacatuSTyake dvArA vastuke cAra vizeSoM kA paricaya prApta hotA hai - dravyAtmaka, kSetrAtmaka, kAlAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka / guNa tathA paryAya jisake Azraya ko prApta hokara apanI sattA ko dhAraNa karate haiM, vaha sAmAnya rUpase dravya kahalAtA hai | zuddhaguNa paryAyoMke AdhArabhUta zuddhAtma dravyako jIvakA sva dravya kahate haiM usake avibhAgI aMzako vizeSa dravya kahate haiM / pudgalakA avibhAgI aMza honeke kAraNa paramANu vizeSa dravya hai / vibhinna dRSTa padArthokI avasAna avasthA athavA antima ikAIkohI paramANu kahAjAtA hai| yaha paramANu hI pudgala dravyakI dravyAtmaka ikAI hai, jise pudgalakA svadravya kahA jAtA hai| vastukI AdhArabhUmi yA nivAsa, kSetra zabdakA vAcya hai , jaise paramANu pudgala dravyakI dravyAtmaka ikAI hai, usI prakAra eka paramANu jitane sthAna ko gheratA hai utanA sthAna hI dravya kI kSetrAtmaka ikAI hai, jise svakSetra kahA jAtA hai| kAla, dravyake usa parivartanazIla hetukA nAma hai jisake kAraNa vastu nitya paryAyoMke rUpa meM gamana karatI hai| pariNamana meM hetu hone ke kAraNa hI kAla ko vartanA kahA jAtA hai - 1. paMcAdhyAyI pUrvArdha, zloka, 263 2. AlApa paddhati, pR0 106 3. AlApa paddhati, pR0 107 zuddhaguNaparyAyAdhArabhUta zuddhAtma dravyaM dravya bhaNyate kundakundAcArya, pravacanasAra, gAthA 115 kI TIkA 5. khaMdhANaM avasANoNAdavbo kajjaparamANu, niyamasAra,gAthA 25 6. paMcAdhyAyI, pUrvArdha, zloka 148 2010_03

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32 " kAlo vartanamiti vA pariNamanaM vastuna: svabhAvena" / " kAla kI antima ikAIko jaina darzanakAroMne "samaya" kahA hai| eka paramANu jitane samaya meM nikaTavartI dUsare pradeza kA atikramaNa karatA hai, utane samaya ko hI yahA~ samaya kahA jAtA hai|' yahI samaya dravyakA svakAla kahA jAtA hai| ghaDI, ghaNTA, dina Adi sabhI kAlavAcI avasthAyeM samaya kA hI sthUla rUpa haiM / bAla, vRddha, prAcIna, navIna, janma, mRtyu Adi jitanI bhI vastukI paryAya haiM, ve saba kAlagata paryAyoM ko vyakta karatI haiM / jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana bhAva zabda vastuke guNa svabhAva athavA pariNAmakA vAcaka hai / pUrvApara koTi se vyatirikta, vartamAna paryAyase upalakSita dravyakA pariNAma hI vastukA svabhAva kahA tA hai, jo vastukA nitya zuddha aMza hotA hai / isa prakAra dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva rUpa svacatuSTyameM pudgala dravya kI antima ikAI paramANu hai, kSetrakI antima ikAI pradeza hai, kAlakI antima ikAI "samaya" hai aura bhAvakI antima ikAI avibhAgI praticcheda hai| ye ikAIyA~ sabhI dravyoMmeM pRthak-pRthak hotI haiM aura itanI sUkSma hotI haiM ki loka meM dRSTigocara grAma, milImITara, saikiNDa aura DigrI yA kailorI bhI ina ikAIyoM ke sthUla rUpa hI hote haiM / 14. niSkarSa vastu svabhAvake dravya, guNa, paryAya, svacatuSTya Adi vibhinna viSayoM ke vizleSaNAtmaka paricayase yaha niSkarSa prApta hotA hai ki jaina mAnya vastu SaD dravyoMkA samudAya rUpa hai aura pratyeka dravya apane vibhinna guNoM aura parivartanoM meM se nikalate hue bhI apanI sthiratAko nahIM chor3ate / pratyeka dravyakI sattA trikAla sthAyI hai / guNa dravyake Azrita rahate haiM, parantu guNoMko dravyoMse pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kisI vastukI sattA usake guNoMke dvArA hI pragaTa hotI hai aura guNa vastumeM agnikI uSNatAke samAna ota-prota hote haiN| isa prakAra jainoMke dravya aura guNoMkI ekatAse nyAyavaizeSikake dravya aura guNoMkI vibhinnatAkA khaNDana ho jAtA hai / 1. paMcAdhyAyI, pUrvArddha, zloka 274 2. nemicandrAcArya, gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 573 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 4, pR0 506 2010_03

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33 vastu svabhAva jaina mAnya vastu svabhAvake dvArA nirguNa brahma aura kSaNikavAdakA bhI khaNDana ho jAtA hai kyoMki jaina darzanameM dravya aura guNoMkA aisA saMbaMdha mAnA hai, jo samakAlIna samAnatA, ekatA, asambhava pArthakya aura anivArya saralatAkA sUcaka hai|' . svacatuSTya tathA antima ikAIke dvArA paryAryoM kI sUkSmatAkA paricaya prApta hotA hai, jaina mAnya paryAya yadyapi kSaNikatvakI sUcaka hai parantu yaha kSaNa sthAyI sattAko dyotana nahIM karatA / yaha nitya vastukI kevala eka avasthAko hI pragaTa karatA hai, jisameM vastukA nityatva ota-prota hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM vastuke ekAnta pakSako na mAnakara anekAnta pakSakI sthApanA kI gaI hai| __ jaina darzanAnusAra utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta vastuko sat mAnanese nityatvake avinAzI, anutpanna aura sthira rUpa lakSaNakA nirAkaraNa ho gayA hai kyoMki utpAda aura vinAza ke rahate hue bhI jo apane nityatvako nahIM chor3atA vahI jaina darzanakI dRSTimeM nitya aura sat hai| dravyake binA paryAya aura paryAya ke binA dravyakA astitva kabhI bhI sambhava nahIM hotA dravyaM paryAyaviyutaM paryAyA dravya varjitAH / kva kadA kena kiM rUpA dRSTA mAnena kena vA // 2 isa prakAra dravya paryAya yukta vastuko hI yarthAtha sattAmAnA gayA hai / samasta sattAko SaD dravyoMmeM aura SaD dravyoMko do prakArake vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai -jIva aura ajIva / ajIva ke pAMca bheda haiM -pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kaal| samasta samasyAyeM jIva tathA ajIvake eka mAnane ke kAraNa hI utpanna hotI haiM aura donoMke pArthakya se saba samasyAoM kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai|' ___ karma siddhAnta meM karma viSayaka samasyA bhI jIva tathA ajIvake saMyogase hI utpanna hotI hai aura jIva aura ajIvake pRthak ho jAnese karma samasyAkA bhI samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| 1. DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNana, bhAratIya darzana, 1973 , bhAga 1, pR0288 2. syAdvAd maMjarI, 1979, pR019 3. jIvamajIvaM davvaM, dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 1 All problems arise from this union and are solved with their disunion jaina ethiksa, pR052 2010_03

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dvitIya adhyAya jIva aura jIva kI karmajanita avasthAyeM jIvotti havadi cedA uvaoga visesidopahU kttaa| bhottAya dehamettoNa hi mutto kamma sNjutto|| paMcAstikAya * gAthA 27 1. sAmAnya paricaya jaina darzana meM vastu ko SaDdravya rUpa kahA gayA hai - jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kaal| inameM se jIva cetana hai aura anya saba acetana haiN| bAhya jagat meM jIvakI jitanI avasthAyeM dRSTigocara hotI haiM, ve sabhI jIva dravya aura ajIva dravyake saMbaMdhase hI utpanna hotI haiM, isIliye karma siddhAntase saMbaMdhita jIva aura ajIva dravyoMke svarUpakA paricaya aura anya darzanoMse tulanAtmaka vivecana Avazyaka hai | isa adhyAyameM jIva aura usakI avasthAoM kA vivecana hI iSTa hai, kyoMki jIvakA karmake sAtha ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hotA hai| vyutpattike AdhArapara jIvakA artha hai - "jIvati, ajIvIt, jIviSyati iti vA jIva: 2 arthAt jo tInoM kAloMmeM apanI paryAyAnusAra jItA hai, jItA thA aura jIyegA, isa traikAlika jIvana guNa. vAleko jIva kahate haiM / kundakundAcArya ne bhI jIvakA yahI lakSaNa kiyA hai| __ saMsArAvasthA aura mokSAvasthA donoM hI avasthAoMmeM jIva eka pradhAna tattva hai| jaina darzanAnusAra * karmase lipta jo jIva saMsArameM aneka avasthAoM ko dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai, vahI jIva sAdhanAvizeSake dvArA karmoM kA kSaya kara dene para paramAtmA bana jAtA hai, usIko jaina darzanameM Izvara yA bhagavAnake rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai, usase pRthak kisI eka Izvarako jaina darzana svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jIva apane samasta anubhavoMkA svayaM kendra hai, isalie yaha svayaM satya hai| jIvakI satyatA 1. tattvAryasUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 2,3,39 2. rAjavArtika, pR0 25 3. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 30 4. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga II, pR0 330 2010_03

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jIva aura jIva kI karmajanita avasthAyeM ko siddha karane ke lie anya koI yathArtha sattA yA satya nahIM hai / ' anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM jisa cetana sattA ko brahma, AtmA yA puruSa kahA gayA hai, usI cetana sattAko jaina darzanameM jIva kahA jAtA hai| jIva aura AtmA eka hI sattA ke do bhinna-bhinna nAma haiM / yadyapi cetana sattAkI dRSTi se jaina mAnya jIva kI cArvAkako chor3a kara zeSasabhI darzanoM se samAnatA hai, parantu jainoM ne jIva kI jo anya vizeSatAeM mAnI haiM, ve vizeSatAyeM anya darzanoMse kisI na kisI rUpa meM vibhinnatA rakhatI haiM / 2. jIva kI ATha vizeSatAyeM jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva kI ATha vizeSatAyeM haiM, unheM nemicandrAcAryane nimna gAthA meM nirdiSTa kiyA hai - jIva uvaogamao amutti kattA sadehaparimANo / bhottA saMsArattho siddho so vissasoDhagaI // * jIva caitanyamaya, upayogamaya, amUrta, karttA aura bhoktA, deha parimANa, saMsArI, siddha aura svabhAvase hI Urdhva gamana karane vAlA hai / jIvakI ina ATha vizeSatAoM kA nirdezana kundakundAcArya ne bhI kiyA hai| Age ina vizeSatAoM para pRthak-pRthak vicAra karanA iSTa hai / 1. jIva kA cetanatva guNa cetana jIva kA vaha guNa hai, jo sabhI avasthAoMmeM jIvake sAtha rahatA hai / rAjavArtika meM kahA gayA hai ki "jIvasvabhAvazcetanA"" arthAt cetanA jIva kA svabhAva hai / yaha sAmAnya rUpa se sadA eka prakArakI hI hotI hai, parantu vizeSa rUpa se arthAt paryAya dRSTise do prakArakI hotI hai - zuddhacetanA aura azuddhacetanA / jJAnI aura vItarAgI jIvoMkA kevala jAnane rUpa jo bhAva hotA hai, vaha 1. For it there is neither any reality nor any truth. bhArgava dayAnanda, jaina ethiksa, pR0 39 2. sinhA harendra prasAda, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 138 3. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 2 4. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 27 5. rAjavArtika, pR0 26 6. paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArdha, zloka 192 2010_03 35

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana zuddhacetanA hai| ise hI jJAna cetanA bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki zuddhacetanAkA bhAva jJAtA dRSTA bhAvase jAnanA mAtra hotA hai / iSTAniSTa buddhikA sadbhAva jJAna cetanA meM nahIM hotA, kyoMki jJAna cetanA vAlA jIva anaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana, anaMta sukha aura anaMta vIrya se sampanna karma aura karmaphalake bhogase rahita, svAbhAvika sukha meM tanmaya hotA hai| azuddhacetanA do prakAra kI hotI hai - karmacetanA aura karmaphala cetnaa| azuddhacetanA AtmA aura karma ke saMyogase yukta hotI hai / iSTAniSTa buddhipUrvaka apane karmakA anubhava karane vAlI cetanA, karmacetanA kahalAtI hai aura indriya janita sukha-dukhakA anubhava karane vAlI cetanA karmaphala cetanA kahalAtI hai / amRtacandrAcAryane paMcAstikAyakI TIkAmeM kahA hai - "kAryAnubhUti lakSaNA karmaphalAnubhUti lakSaNA cAzuddhacetanA"3 . isa prakAra jainadarzanameM jIvako cetanA lakSaNa vAlA kahA gayA hai jo sarva avasthAoMmeM jIvake sAtha rahatA hai| cetanAke yoga se hI indriyA~ jar3a hote hue bhI kriyAvatI pratIta hotI haiM aura zarIrakA asthipaMjara, ceSTAhIna hote hue bhI saceSTa dikhAI detA hai| caitanya ke abhAvameM jIvakI kalpanA karanA bhI asambhava jaina darzana kA cetanA saMbaMdhI yaha vicAra nyAyavaizeSikake cetanA saMbaMdhI vicArase bhinnatA rakhatA hai, kyoMki nyAyavaizeSikameM caitanyako AtmA kA eka Agantuka guNa mAnA gayA hai| nyAyavaizeSikake anusAra AtmA svabhAvata: acetana hai| parantu zarIra, indriya, mana Adise saMyukta honepara AtmA meM caitanyakA saMcAra hotA hai| jaina darzanakA cetanA saMbaMdhI yaha vicAra cArvAka matase bhI bhinna hai, kyoMki cArvAka ne cetanAko paudgalika mAnA hai / cArvAkake matAnusAra caitanya viziSTa deha hI AtmA hai, dehake naSTa ho jAne para AtmA bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai jaina darzanake anusAra, jIvanI zakti zarIrase bilkula pRthak hai, ata: yaha vicAra bhramAtmaka hai 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga II, pR0 296 2. paMcAstikAya, tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 38 3. paMcAstikAya, tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 16 4. "cetanA lakSaNo jIva:" sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 14 5. Atma is essentially non-conscious, jaina ethiksa pR0 40 6. sinhA harendra, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 14 2010_03

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jIva aura jIva kI karmajanita avasthAyeM 37 ki jIvana zarIrakI hI utpatti yA sampatti hai, kyoMki mRtyu ke samaya zarIra ke vidyamAna rahanepara bhI usameM caitanya kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai| jaina darzanakA cetanA saMbaMdhI yaha vicAra sAMkhya darzana aura vedAnta darzana se samAnatA rakhatA hai, kyoMki ina donoM darzanoM meM cetanAko AtmAkA mUla svarUpa mAnA gayA hai / __ isa prakAra cetanA guNa ko, yadyapi sabhI darzanoMne svIkAra kiyA hai, parantu jaina darzanakA vicAra nyAyavaizeSika aura cArvAkase vibhinnatA rakhatA hai aura sAMkhya aura vedAntase samAnatA rakhatA hai| 2. jIvakA upayoga jIvake upayogakA lakSaNa karate hue paMcAstikAyakI tAtparyavRttimeM kahA gayA hai -- "AtmanazcaitanyAnuvidhAyI pariNAma: upayoga:"3 AtmAke caitanyAnuvidhAyI pariNAmako upayoga kahate haiM, arthAt jo pariNAma AtmAke caitanya guNake sAtha anvita rUpameM rahatA hai, vaha pariNAma upayoga kahalAtA hai / jIvakI cetanA zakti to eka hai, parantu vaha sva aura para padArthoM ko grahaNa karane meM pravRtta rahatI hai, isIliye vIrasena svAmIne kahA hai - "svaparagrahaNapariNAma: upayoga: caitanya ke sAtha anvita rUpase pariNamana karane vAlA, sva aura para padArthoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA jIvakA upayoga jIvake sAtha sarvakAlameM ananya rUpase hI rahatA hai -- "jIvassa savvakAlaM aNaNNabhUdaM viyANIhi"5 yadyapi jIva guNI hai aura upayoga jIvakA eka vizeSa guNa hai, parantu jaina darzanameM guNa guNIkA tAdAtmya saMbaMdha mAnA gayA hai aura tAdAtmya saMbaMdhake kAraNa hI jIvako upayoga lakSaNa vAlA kahA gayA hai|6 cetanAke sAtha ananya rUpa se rahane vAle jIvakA upayoga do prakArakA hotA 1. dAsa gupta, bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 198 2. ke0sI0 sogAnI, ethikala DaoNkTrAina ina jainiz2ama, 1967, pR0 31 / jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, solaapur| 3. paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti, gAthA 40 4. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 2, khaNDa 1, pR0 413 5. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 40 6. upayogo lakSaNam, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 8 2010_03

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38 jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana hai - jJAnAkAra aura jJeyAkAra / ' jaba taka cetanAkI zakti kisI vizeSa padArtha ke prati vizeSa rUpase upayukta nahIM hotI, taba taka vaha darpaNa talakI bhA~ti sAmAnya rUpase jJAnAkAra mAtra hotI hai, usameM padArthoM kI vizeSatAoMkA grahaNa nahIM hotA, kevala svarUpa mAtrakA hI grahaNa hotA hai, cetanAke isa sAmAnya upayogako hI darzanopayoga kahA gayA hai / 2 cetanAkI zakti jisa samaya jJAnAkAra mAtra na rahakara jJeyAkAra rUpa ho jAtI hai, usa samaya usameM zuklatva, kRSNatva Adi vizeSa rUpoMkA grahaNa hone lagatA hai, jo svarUpa mAtra na hokara jJeyAkAra rUpa hotA hai, vaha upayoga jJAnopayoga kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra " nirvikalpakaM darzanam savikalpakam jJAnam " kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra darzana aura jJAnake ina do bhedoM ko kramazaH "paricaya jJAna" aura " viziSTa jJAna" bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki pahale meM viSaya aura viSayIkA samparka mAtra hotA hai aura dUsaremeM usa vastuke varga aura svarUpake bAremeM vyApaka jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / gopAlana esa. ke anusAra darzana tathA jJAna zabdoM kA prayoga anirNIta tathA nirNIta staroMke lie kiyA gayA hai / " karmamalase lipta, saMsArI jIvoM kA jJAna aura darzana pUrNarUpeNa spaSTa aura nirmala nahIM hotA, parantu karmase mukta zuddhajIvoMkA jJAna aura darzana paripUrNa, spaSTa aura nirmala hotA hai, jise kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzanameM AtmAko darzana aura jJAnasvabhAvI mAnA gayA hai| jaina darzana kA yaha vicAra nyAyavaizeSikakI mAnyatAkA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, kyoMki nyAyavaizeSikoMne jJAnako AtmAkA Agantuka guNa mAnA hai, yahA~ taka ki svapna rahita nIMda meM bhI AtmAke jJAna guNakA abhAva kahA hai, jaba ki jaina darzanameM jIvakI sabhI avasthAoMmeM, jJAna tathA darzana guNoM ko caitanyake sAtha anvita svIkAra rAjavArtika, pR0 34 jaM sAmaNNaM gahaNaM bhAvANaM Naiva kaTTumAyAraM / avisesadUNa aThThe daMsaNamidi bhaNNe samaye / / dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 43 3. brahmadeva TIkA, dravya saMgraha, gAthA 43-44 4. brahmadeva TIkA, dravyasaMgraha gAthA 4 5. gopAlana, esa., , jaina darzana kI rUparekhA, 1973, pR0 49vAilo IsTarna li0 naI dillI 6. dravyasaMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 2 7. hiriyannA ema.. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, 10 230 1. 2. 2010_03

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39 jIva aura jIva kI karmajanita avasthAyeM kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka apane prakAzase svayaM bhI Alokita hotA hai aura bAhya padArthoMko bhI Alokita karatA hai, usI prakAra jIva apane jJAnase svaMyako bhI jAnatA hai aura parako bhI jAnatA hai| DaoN0 hiriyannAke zabdoMmeM, "jJAnake binA jIva aura jIvake binA jJAnakI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI, jaina darzanakA yaha vicAra bauddha darzanase spaSTata: antara pragaTa karatA hai, kyoMki bauddha darzanameM samasta vastuoMko kSaNika mAnA hai, jIva bhI asthAyI hai, isameM rahane vAlI zaktiyA~ bhI asthAyI haiN| 3. jIva amUrta hai - jaina darzanameM kevala AkRtiko mUrta nahIM kahA hai, apitu jo padArtha indriyagrAhya haiM unheM mUrta kahA hai, jIva, kyoMki indriya-grAhya nahIM hai, isIliye jIva ko amUrta kahA jAtA hai / kundakundAcAryane AtmAkI amUrtatva zaktikA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai - _ "karmabandhavyapagamavyaMjitasahajasparzAdizUnyaAtmapradezAtmikA amUrtatvazakti :5 arthAt AtmAmeM AtmapradezoMse abhinna amUrtatva zakti hotI hai, jo sparza rasAdi paudgalika guNoMse bhinna aura karmabandhake abhAvase vyakta hotI hai| kundakundAcArya ke isa pratipAdanase vidita hotA hai ki amUrtatva zakti karmabandhase rahita hone para hI pragaTa hotI hai, isI kAraNa karmabaddha jIvako sparza, rasa, gandha, varNAdi indriya-grAhya viSayoMke sadbhAvake kAraNa mUrta bhI kaha diyA jAtA hai, parantu jIvakA yathArtha svarUpa amUrta hI hai| 4. jIva kartA aura bhoktA hai - jaina darzanameM jIvako kartA aura bhoktA mAnA gayA hai| karmase lipta saMsArI jIva bhI kartA aura bhoktA hai aura karma se mukta siddhajIva bhI kartA aura bhoktA - 1. upAdhyAya yazovijaya, jJAnabinduprakaraNa, saMvat 1998, pR0 13 2. hiriyannA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 160 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga III, pR0 327 4. AgAsakAlajIvA dhammAdhammA ya muttiparihINA, paMcAstikAya, gAthA 97 5. samayasAra, AtmakhyAti, pariziSTa, zakti naM0 20, 6. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 7 2010_03

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40 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana hai / saMsArI jIvoMko kartA isaliye mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha apane karmoM ke nimittase sUkSma aura sthUla zarIroMkA nirmANa karatA hai, sUkSma zarIroMkA nirmANa karanemeM, yadyapi upAdAna kAraNa pudgala hai, parantu nimitta kAraNa jIvako hI mAnA gayA hai| karmase lipta jIva, jisa prakAra vibhinna karmoM kA kartA hai, usI prakAra sukha:dukha rUpa pudgala karmaphaloMkA bhoktA bhI hai| karmase mukta jIvakA kartA aura bhoktA mAnanA, jaina darzanakI eka viziSTatA hai| karmase mukta honepara bhI vaha kyA karatA hai aura kyA bhogatA hai, isakA uttara 'dete hue nemicandrAcArya ne kahA hai ki zuddha jIva apane anantajJAnAdi bhAvoM kA kartA hai,3 anantajJAnAdi bhAvoM se tanmayatA ke kAraNa parama Ananda rUpa sukhAmRta kA bhoktA hai| ' AtmAko karttA mAnanekA yaha siddhAnta, sAMkhya darzanake viparIta hai, kyoMki sAMkhyameM puruSako akartA kahA gayA hai aura bhoktA mAnanekA yaha siddhAnta, bauddhoMke kSaNikavAdakA khaNDana karatA hai|" 5. jIva deha parimANa hai - karmoM ke nimittase jIvako choTA yA bar3A jaisA bhI zarIra prApta hotA hai, jIva usameM utanI hI avagAhanAkA ho kara rahatA hai, isIliye jIvako "aNugurudehapamANo"6 kahA gayA hai / pUjyapAdajIne bhI jIvake deha parimANatvako svIkAra karate hue kahA hai - "zarIramaNumahadvAdhitiSThaMstAvadavagAhya jIva choTe zarIrameM choTA aura bar3e zarIrameM bar3A kaise ho jAtA hai ? isa praznakA jaina darzanameM bahuta spaSTa rItise varNana prApta hotA hai| umAsvAmIne isakA kAraNa darzAte hue kahA hai - "pradezasaMhAravisarpAbhyAM pradIpavat"8 jaise dIpakakA prakAza choTe sthAnapara saMkucita ho jAtA hai aura bar3e sthAnapara vistRta ho jAtA 1. "puggalakammAdINaM kattA vavahArado", dravyasaMgraha gAthA 8. 2. "vavahArA suhadukkhaM puggalakammaphalaM pamuMjAdi" dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 9 3. dravya saMgraha, gAthA 8 4. dravya saMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 8 5. jaina ethiksa, pR0 42 6. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 10 7. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 274 8. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya, 4, sUtra 16 2010_03

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jIva aura jIva kI karmajanita avasthAyeM hai, usI prakAra jIva, cIMTI kA zarIra dhAraNa karate samaya saMkucita ho jAtA hai aura hAthIkA zarIra dhAraNa karate samaya vistRta ho jAtA hai| isa prakArajIva jisa samaya jisa zarIrameM samAhita hotA hai usake anusAra apane ko saMkucita yA vistRta kara letA hai| hiriyannAke zabdoMmeM, "jaina darzana meM eka vicitra bAta yaha hai ki vaha jIva ke AkArako sAMsArika dazAmeM ghaTane baDhane vAlA mAnatA hai, yaha vastu svabhAvakI parivartanazIlatAkA bhI dyotaka hai, jo sAmAnyata: anya vicArakoM dvArA nahIM mAnI gayI hai| jainoM ke anusAra jIva samasta zarIrameM vyApta hokara rahatA hai, kyoMki sirase lekara pA~va taka jahA~ kahIM bhI koI saMvedana yA pIDA hotI hai, usakA anubhava jIvako usI samaya ho jAtA hai| guNoM aura paryAyoMse yukta, apanI AtmAkA apane anubhavase apane zarIrameM hI saMvedana hotA hai, zarIrase bAhara anyatra AtmAkA saMvedana sambhava nahIM hai| ata: svasaMvedana janya anubhavake AdhArapara bhI jIvakA deha parimANatva siddha hotA hai| kundakundAcArya ke zabdoM meM "savvattha asthi jIvo NA ya ekko ekkakAya ekkaTTho"6 deha ke madhya sarvatra jIva hai, usake kisI eka deza meM hI jIva rahatA hai, aisA jaina darzana nahIM maantaa| jIvakA deha parimANatva muktAvasthAmeM bhI rahatA hai, parantu usa samaya saMsArI jIvoMkI bhA~ti saMkoca vikAsazIla nahIM hotA / saMkoca vistAra rUpa parivartanazIlatAjIvameM tabhI taka rahatI hai, jaba taka jIva kamoMse baddha rahatA hai aura janma - punarjanmake dvArA choTe bar3e zarIroMko dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai| karmoM se mukta ho jAne para jIvameM saMkoca vistAra guNa nahIM rahatA, parantu deha parimANatva usa samaya bhI rahatA hai, kyoMki jainoMne mukta jIvako antima zarIra se kucha kama AkAra vAlA mAnA hai| 1. dAsa gupta, esa.ena., bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, pR0 198 2. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 159 3. hiriyannA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 159 4. padArtha vijJAna, pR079 5. svasaMvedana sAdhyeva, pravacanasAra, gAthA 137 kI TIkA 6. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 34 7. "kicaNA caramadehado siddhA" dravyasaMgraha . gAthA 14 2010_03

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42 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana jainoMke deha parimANatvakA yaha siddhAnta upaniSadoMke "aNu mAtra yA aMguSThamAtra siddhAntase bhinna hai| parantu upaniSadoMmeM jIva ko aNumAtra mAnate hue bhI usake cetana prakAzako jainoMke samAna hI sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta mAnA hai| jainoM kA yaha siddhAnta nyAyavaizeSika, vedAnta, mImAMsA aura sAMkhya darzana se bhI viparIta hai kyoMki ina darzanoMmeM AtmAko vyApaka mAnA hai| yadi jIva vyApaka hai to jaise jIvako apane zarIrameM hone vAle sukha du:khakA anubhava hotA hai, vaise hI parAye zarIrameM hone vAle sukha du:kha kA bhI anubhava honA cAhie, parantu yaha bAta pratyakSa pramANase siddha hai ki parAye zarIrameM hone vAle sukha-dukhakA anubhava jIvako nahIM hotA, ata: jIva apane zarIrake hI barAbara hai| ata: Agama, yukti aura anubhavase yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki jIva deha parimANa hI hai / 6. jIva saMsArI hai - saMsArI jIvakA lakSaNa hai - "karmacetanAkarmaphalacetanAtmakA : saMsAriNa:"" arthAt karma tathA karmaphala cetanAse yukta jIva saMsArI hotA hai , aise jIvakA upayoga azuddha hotA hai aura vaha nitya janma aura punarjanma rUpa saMsArameM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai / jIvakI yaha avasthA jIvake svayaM kRta karmoM ke dvArA hI hotI hai, jIva eka zarIrako chor3a kara dUsarA nayA zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai, isa prakAra anAdi kAlase aneka zarIroMmeM jo saMsaraNa athavA paribhramaNa karatA hai, use hI saMsAra kahate haiN| anAdi kAlase isa saMsArameM bhramaNa karane ke kAraNa hI karmoM se baddha jIvako saMsArI kahate haiN| jainoMkA jIvako saMsArI mAnanekA yaha mata, sadAziva sampradAyake viparIta hai, kyoMki sadAziva sampradAyake matAnusAra-jIva sadA hI ziva svarUpa hai, janmamaraNa kevala indrajAla aura mAyA hai| jainoMne yadyapi karmabaddha jIvako saMsArI kahA hai, parantu saMsArI hote hue bhI, sadAziva honekI zakti usameM vidyamAna rahatI hai, 1. kaThopaniSada, adhyAya 8, zloka 13 2. dravyasaMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 10 / 3. savva gao jadi jIvo savvattha vi dukkha - sukha - sNptti| jAijjaNa sA diTThI Niya taNu mANo tado jiivo|| kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 177 paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti, gAthA 109 ekka cayadi sarIraM aNNaM giNhediNavaNave jiivo| puNu puNu aNNaM apaNaM giNhadi muMcedi bahu bAraM / / kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA, 32 6. dravyasaMgraha. bahmadevaTIkA. gAthA 2 - 2010_03

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jIva aura jIva kI karmajanita avasthAyeM jise jIva puruSArtha ke dvArA pragaTa kara sakatA hai| saMsArIjIvake bheda prabheda-saMsArIjIva apane karmoM kI bhinnatAke anusAra vibhinna prakAra kI gatiyoMmeM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai, aura vibhinna prakArake zarIroMko dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai| gati Adi vibhinna apekSAoMse saMsArI jIvake aneka bheda - prabheda kiye gaye haiM, jo nimna tAlikA dvArA spaSTa kiye jA sakate haiM: saMsArIjIva gati 4 indriya 5 prANa 6 kAya 6 sthAvarakAya trasakAya nAraka ekendriya cAraprANadhArI pRthvIkAya tiryaJca dvIndriya Sad prANadhArI apakAya manuSya trIndriya sapta prANadhArI tejakAya deva caturindriya aSTa prANadhArI vAyukAya paMcendriya . nava prANadhArI vanaspati kAya - daza prANadhArI samanaska amanaska (ka) gati ke AdhAra para jIva kA vargIkaraNa gatiyoM kA nAma nirdezana karate hue pUjyapAdajI ne kahA hai - "gatizcaturbhedAnarakagatistiryaggatirmanuSyagatirdevagatiriti / 2 narakagati, tiryaJcagati, manuSyagati aura devagati ke bheda se gatiyA~ cAra prakAra kI haiM, ina gatiyoM meM utpanna hone vAle jIva bhI nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva ina cAra prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| inameM naraka gati ke jIva adhama aura devagati ke jIva uttamakoTi ke mAne jAte haiN| jaina mAnyaina jIvoM kI tulanA, sAMkhyamAnya bhautikasarga kejIvoM se kIjAsakatI hai| sAMkhya meM bhautika sarga meM tIna prakAra ke bhavoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai - devayoni, tiryagyoni aura mnussyoni| devayoni ko uttama, tiryag yoni ko adhama aura manuSya yoni ko madhyama mAnA gayA hai| sAMkhya meM narakagati ko nahIM mAnA, zeSa tInoM zreNiyAM jaina mAnya tIna zreNiyoM se samAnatA rakhatI haiN| hai, jinendra varNI, zAntipatha pradarzana, 1982, pR043 jinendra varNI granthamAlA, paaniipt| 2. sarvArthasaddhi, pR0 159 3. sAMkhya kArikA, 53 2010_03

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.44 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana (kha) indriyoM ke AdhAra para jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa__indriyoM kI apekSA saMsArI jIvoM ko pAMca prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| zarIra dhArI jIvoM meM jAnane ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM pAMca indriyA~ hotI haiM, parantu sabhI jIva pA~coM indriyoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle nahIM hote| karmoM kI nyUnAdhika pragADhatAvaza saMsArI jIva kevala eka, do, tIna yA cAra indriyoM ko bhI dhAraNa karate haiM / pA~ca indriyA~ - sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra hotI haiM, ina indriyoM ko sAMkhya darzana meM buddhiindriyA~ yA jJAnendriyA~ kahA jAtA hai| ekendriya jIvoM meM kevala eka sparzana zakti pAyI jAtI hai / pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu, aura vanaspati kAyika jIva ekendriya hI hote haiN|' . sparzana aura rasanA ina do indriyoM vAle jIvoM ko dvIndriya kahate haiM / jaise kRmi, lad aadi| ina jIvoM meM zeSa tIna indriyoM para AvaraNa hotA hai, isI kAraNa inameM ghANa, cakSu aura zrotra indriyoM kA abhAva hotA hai / sparzana, rasanA aura ghrANa, ina tIna indriyoM vAle jIvoM ko trIndriya kahate haiN| jaise jU, khaTamala, cIMTI aadi| inameM cakSu aura zrotra indriyoM para AvaraNa hotA hai, isI kAraNa ina do indriyoM kA abhAva hotA hai| sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura cakSu ina cAra indriyoM vAle jIvoM ko caturindriya kahate haiN| jaise makkhI , macchara, madhumakkhI , bhaMvare, pataMge aadi| inameM zrotra indriya kA abhAva mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki AvaraNa karma kA udaya hotA hai| sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra ina pAMcoM indriyoM vAle jIvoM ko paMcendriya kahate haiM, deva, manuSya, nArakI aura kucha tiryaJca gati ke jIva paMcendriya hote haiN| 1. paMcendriyANi, tattvAryasUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 15 2. sparzanarasanAghrANacakSuH zrotrANi, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 19 3. sAMkhyakArikA, 26 4. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 110 5. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 114 6. paMcAstikAya,gAthA 115 7. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 116 8. paMcAstikAya. gAthA 117 2010_03

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45 jIva aura jIva kI karmajanita avasthAyeM paMcendriya jIvoM meM bhI jina tiryaJca jIvoM meM mana kA abhAva hotA hai, unheM amanaska kahate haiM aura zeSa mana sahita jIvoM ko samanaska kahate haiN| caturindriya taka ke sabhI jIva amanaska hI hote haiN|' (ga) prANoM ke AdhAra para jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa- . jIva meM jIvitavya ke lakSaNoM ko prANa kahate haiM / 2 gommaTasAra meM prANoM kI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai - "jIvanti-prANati, jIvita vyavahAra yogyA bhavanti jIvA: yaiste prANA:"3 arthAta jinake dvArA jIva, jIvitavya rUpa vyavahAra ke yogya hotA hai, unheM prANa kahate haiN| prANa dasamAne gaye haiM -pAMca indriya, mana-vacana aura kAya ye tIna bala, Ayu aura zvAsocchavAsa / ' ekendriya jIva cAra prANoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle hote haiM, unameM sparzanendriya, kAyabala, Ayu aura zvAsocchavAsa pAyA jAtA hai| vacanabala aura rasanA indriya kI vRddhi ho jAne para dvIndriya jIvoM meM chaha prANa pAye jAte haiN| pAMca prANadhArI koI bhI jIva nahIM hotA, kyoMki rasanA zakti ke sAtha hI bolane kI zakti bhI dvIndriya jIvoM meM A jAtI hai / ghANendriya kI vRddhi ho jAne para, trIndriya jIva saptaprANadhArI ho jAte haiM, nendriya yukta hone se caturindriya jIva aSTa prANadhArI hote haiM, zrotrendriyaM yukta hone se paMcendriya amanaska jIva navaprANadhArI hote haiM aura manobala sahita paMcendriya samanaska jIva dasa prANadhArI hote haiN|' (gha) kAya kI apekSA jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa zarIra rUpa paramANu piNDa ko kAya kahate haiN| kAya kI apekSA jIva cha: prakAra ke hote haiN| pRthvI kAyika apakAyika, tejakAyika, vAyukAyika, 1. samaNA amaNANeyA paMcidiya NimmaNA pare savve, dravya saMgraha, gAthA 12 2. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR0 153 3. gommaTasAra jIva kAMDa, jIvatattvapradIpikA, gAthA 2 4. paMcevidiyapANA maNavacikAyesu tiNNi blpaannaa| ANappANappANA AugapANeNa hoti dasa pANA / gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 130 5. sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 172 6. (ka) gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, jIvatattvapradIyapikA gAthA 133 (kha) sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 176 7. zAntipatha pradarzana, pR044 2010_03

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46 vanaspatikAyika aura trasakAyika / hima, zrI jinendravarNI ke anusAra * sthAvara jIvoMkA zarIra pA~ca jAtiyoMkA hotA hai prathama pArthiva jAti hai, jisameM miTTI, pASANa, koyalA, dhAtu Adi sabhI khanija padArtha sammilita haiM / dvitIya jalIya jAti hai, jisameM jala, osa Adi sammilita haiN| tRtIya tejo jAti hai, jisameM agni, jvAlA, aMgAra Adi sammilita haiM / caturtha vAyu jAti hai, jisameM vibhinna prakArakI vAyu sammilita hai| paMcama vanaspati jAti hai, jisameM per3a-paudhe, ghAsa, phala, phUla Adi sabhI vanaspatiyA~ sammilita haiM / yadyapi pRthvI, jala, agni tathA vAyu meM isa prakAra spaSTa rUpase prANoMkI siddhi nahIM hotI, jaisI ki vanaspatimeM hotI hai, parantu pratyakSa jJAniyoMne pratyakSa hI unameM prANoMko dekhA hai| ina jIvoMke bAre meM apanA mata prastuta karate hue DaoN0 hiriyannA ne kahA hai - "jainoMkA eka viziSTa siddhAnta unake sampUrNa darzana aura nIti saMhitAoM meM vyApta hai, vaha pudgala jIvavAda hai, isake anusAra na kevala prANI aura per3a- paudhe apitu pRthvI, agni, jala aura vAyuke choTese choTe kaNa bhI jIvoMse yukta haiM " / " jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana - dAsa guptake anusAra jaina nimnatara jIvoMkA vibhAjana karate hue, ekendriya jIvoMke varga meM, vartamAna vanaspati zAstriyoMkI bhA~ti, paudhoMmeM jIvoMkI sattA to mAnate hI haiM, parantu anya cAra bhUta- pRthvI, jala, vAyu aura agnimeM bhI jIvoM kI sattA mAnate haiM / " kAyakI apekSA SaSTha prakArake jIva vasakAyika" kahalAte haiM / trasakAyika jIva dvIndriyase lekara samanaska paMcendriya taka hote haiN|" bhayakA kAraNa upasthita ho jAnepara jo jIva svayaM apanI rakSArtha bhAgane daur3ane meM samartha hote haiM, aise jIva ko basa kahA jAtA hai / " 1. rAjavArtika, pR0 603 2. zAnti patha pradarzana, pR0 44 3. zAnti patha pradarzana, pR0 45 isa prakAra jainoMne cAra dRSTiyoMse jIvoMkA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai| ina cAroM prakArake jIvoMmeM cetanatva guNa pAyA jAtA hai, parantu jahA~ taka caitanyakI mAtrAkA 2010_03 4. hiriyaNNA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 161 5. dAsa gupta, bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, pR0 199 6. dvIndriyAdayastrasAH "tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 14 7. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga tIna, pR0 397

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47 jIva aura jIva kI karmajanita avasthAyeM saMbaMdha hai, usameM vibhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai| karmoM ke dhanIbhUta AvaraNase jIvoM meM, cetanA kama vikasita hotI hai, aura jinake AvaraNa jhIne par3ate jAte haiM, aise jIvoMmeM cetanA kA vikAsa bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai / ekendriya sthAvara jIvoMmeM cetanA sabase kama vikasita hotI hai, yaha vikAsa kA alpatama rUpa hai / dvIndriyAdimeM cetanAkA vikAsa kramaza: uttarottara bar3hatA jAtA hai| saMsArI jIvoMmeM sabase adhika vikasita cetanA, samanaska paMcendriya jIvoM meM hotI hai| harendra sinhAne bhI jaina mAnya jIvoMke vargIkaraNameM cetanAke vikAsake uparokta dRSTikoNako svIkAra kiyA hai / / 7. jIva siddha hai - siddhajIvoMkA svarUpa darzAte hue naya cakrameM kahA gayA hai - NaTThaTThakammasuddhA asriiraannNtsokkhnnaanntthaa| parama pahuttaM pattA je te siddhA khalu mukkA / / jina jIvoMne apane aSTakarmoM ko naSTa kara diyA hai aise zarIra rahita, ananta sukha aura anantajJAnase yukta, paramaprabhutvako prApta, mukta jIva hI siddha hote haiN| "jainoMkA siddhasaMbaMdhI yaha vicAra cArvAk aura mImAMsA matakA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, kyoMki cArvAk jIva mukti ko hI nahIM mAnatA aura mImAMsA yadyapi jIva muktiko mAnatA hai, parantu muktike samaya rahane vAle jJAna aura sukhako nahIM mAnatA / mImAMsAke anusAra isa avasthAmeM AtmAke jJAna, sukha, du:kha ityAdi saba vizeSa guNa lupta ho jAte haiM, yahA~ taka ki usa samaya AtmA kI apanI cetanA bhI nahIM rhtii| 8. jIva Urdhvagamana svabhAvI hai - jIva svabhAvase hI Urdhvagamana karatA hai, jaise agni zikhA svabhAvase hI Uparako jAtI hai, usI taraha karmabandha se mukta jIva, svabhAvase hI Urdhvagamana karatA hai / mukta jIvakA Urdhvagamana hI hotA hai, tirachA Adi nahIM, parantu Urdhvagamana karate hI rahanA jIvakA svabhAva nahIM hai, jaise agni Urdhvagamana svabhAvI hone para bhI sadaiva Urdhvagamana nahIM krtii| vaise hI lakSya prAptike bAda jIva bhI 1. sinhA harendra, bhAratIya darzanakI rUparekhA, pR0 140 2. nayacakravRhad, gAthA 107 3. hiriyaNNA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 332 B. baMdhehi savvado mukko, uDDhaM gcchdi| paMcAstikAya, gAthA 73 ___ 2010_03

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48 jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana Urdhvagamana nahIM karatA, phira bhI Urdhvagamana svabhAvI hai / ' 3. jaina darzanameM yoga jIvakI uparokta vizeSatAoMke atirikta jainadarzanameM yoga zabdakA bhI prayoga huA hai, parantu vaha anya darzanoMke yogase pRthaka lakSaNa vAlA hai / yoga darzanameM yogakA artha cittavRtti nirodha kahA hai, 'sAMkhya aura vedAnta Adi darzanoM meM yoga zabdakA artha dhyAna samAdhi AdikI sAdhanA ke artha meM kiyA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM yuj dhAtuse utpanna yoga zabdakA artha cetanA kI usa zakti vizeSase hai, jisake dvArA eka vastu dUsarI vastuke sAtha apanA saMbaMdha sthApita kara letI hai / jIva meM saMkoca vistAra rUpa jo kriyAtmaka zakti pAyI jAtI hai, use hI yoga kahA jAtA hai / " jaina darzanake anusAra jIvameM yaha parispandana athavA kriyA mana, vacana, kAya ke nimitta se hotI hai, jaisAki pUjyapAdajIkA kathana hai "yogovAD0 manasakAyavargaNA nimitta Atmapradeza parispanda: 5 jIva dravyako amUrtika kahA gayA hai, amUrtika dravyoMmeM paramANuoMkI taraha vibhAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, parantu jaise AkAzameM vibhAga na hone para bhI ghaTAkAza, paTAkAza Adike rUpameM vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jIvake pradezakA vibhAga saMbhava nahI hai, parantu mana, vacana aura kAyake rUpameM vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai / ' nemicandrAcAryane jIva pradezoMke isa parispandanako " dravya yoga" kahA hai aura unameM rahane vAlI zakti vizeSako bhAva yoga kahA hai, jo karmoM ko grahaNa karane meM kAraNa hotI hai / " samasta vyavahAra dravyayogake dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha AtmAzrita na hokara kArmaNa zarIrake Azrita hotA hai / ' cetanAke Adyaspandanako hI vAstavameM yoga kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha 1. rAjavArtika, pR0 645 2. sinhA harendra, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 258 3. "yujeH samAdhivacanasya yoga: samAdhidhyAnamityartha: " rAjavArtika, pR0 505 4. "jIva padesANaM paripphaMdo saMkoca vikocavbhamaNasarUvao" SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 10, bhAga 4, pR0 437 5. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 183 6. dravya saMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA, 27 7. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 216, pR0 473 8. " AtmAzrito nizcayanaya, parAzrito vyavahAranaya" kundakundAcArya, samayasAra, AtmakhyAti gAthA 272 9. SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 10, bhAga 4, pR0 438 2010_03 -

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zIva aura jIva kI karmajanita avasthAyeM Adya spandana hI mana * vacana - kAya rUpase pragaTa huA karatA hai, jaise tuSNIka avasthA meM baiThe hue kisI vyaktiko sahasA ghUmane kA vikalpa utpanna huA, isa mane ke vikalpa rUpa Adya parispandanake phala svarUpa manake dvArA cintana, vacanake garA vArtAlApa aura kAya ke dvArA anekavidha ceSTAyeM prArambha ho jAtI haiM, isI kAra parispandana rUpa Adya zaktike dvArA hI jIva bAhya paudgalika jagat se saMyukta hokara, karma saMcaya karatA rahatA hai / kundakundAcAryane ise hI cetanAkA jIbha kahA hai, jaba yaha kSobha zAnta ho jAtA hai taba cetanA apane svabhAva meM A jAtI hai| / yoga zabda dvArA abhihita Atma pradezoMkA yaha parispandana siddhAvasthAse hale taka banA rahatA hai| vikAsakramake antima sopAnako isIliye ayoga valI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vahA~ yogoMkA abhAva ho jAtA hai| 1. jIvoMkI saMkhyA jaina darzanameM jIvako vedAnta darzanakI bhA~ti eka ikAI rUpa nahIM mAnA gayA , apitu jainoMke anusAra jIvoMkI saMkhyA ananta hai / isa saMkhyAkA kabhI bhI anta nahIM hotA / gommaTasArameM kahA gayA hai "sarvo bhavyasaMsArirAziranantenApi kAlena nakSIyate - akSayAnantatvAt"3 saMsArI jIvoMkI rAzi anantakAlameM bhI kSayako prApta nahIM hotI hai, syoMki yaha rAzi akSayAnanta hotI hai, jo jo akSayAnanta hotA hai vaha-vaha ananta kAlake dvArA bhI kSayako prApta nahIM hotA / vArtikakArane bhI kahA hai - "isa himANDameM ananta saMsArI jIva haiM, isa saMsAra se jJAnI jIvoMkI mukti hote hue hI yaha saMsAra jIvoMse rikta nahIM hotA kyoMki jisa vastukA parimANa hotA hai, usIkA janma hotA hai, vahI nyUnatA ko prApta hotI hai athavA samApta hotI hai| aparimita vastu na kabhI nyUna hotI hai aura na hI samApta hotI hai / isI prakAra jIvoMkI saMkhyA bhI kabhI nyUna nahIM hotI, kyoMki yaha rAzi akSaya ananta hai| / jaina gaNita ke anusAra anantakA lakSaNa bhI yahI hai "eka eka saMkhyAke maTAnepara bhI jo rAzi samApta nahIM hotI, vaha rAzi "ananta" hotI hai| ananta 1. "mohakravoha vihINo pariNAmo appaNo husamo" pravacanasAra, gAthA 7 2. na vidyate yogo yasya sa bhavatyayoga: SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pR0 192 3. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, jIvatattvapradIpikA, gAthA 196, pR0437 1. syAdvAd maMjarI, zloka 29, pR0 331 . "jo rAsI egegarUve avaNijjamANe...Na samappaI so rAsI aNaMto, dhavalA, pustaka 3, khaNDa 1, pR0267 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana jIvoMmeM se kucha jIva apanI pRthak sattA ko liye hue hI mukta ho jAte haiN| mukta 'ho jAne para bhI yaha rAzi ananta hI rahatI hai| 5. niSkarSa isa prakAra saMkSepameM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina mAnya jIvakI vizeSatAyeM athavA guNa anya matoMkI kisI na kisI mAnyatAkA nirAkaraNa karate haiN| AtmAkA jIvatva va cetanatvaguNa cArvAkakI Atma viSayaka mAnyatAMkA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, jIva darzana-jJAna svabhAvI hai, yaha nyAya darzanakI mAnyatAkA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, jIvakA amUrtatva mImAMsA matake viparIta hai, jIva kartA hai, yaha kathana sAMkhya mata ke viparIta hai, jIva bhoktA hai, yaha dRSTi bauddhoMke kSaNikavAdaka khaNDana karatI hai| jIvakA deha parimANatva nyAya, mImAMsA aura sAMkhya mata viparIta hai / karmabaddhajIva saMsArI hotA hai, yaha mata sadAziva sampradAyakA khaNDa karatA hai, jIvakA mukta honA cArvAka aura mImAMsA matake viparIta hai aura jIvakA Urdhvagamana svabhAvI honA mANDalika matakA nirAkaraNa karatA hai / ina na vizeSatAoM se jainadarzanake jIva viSayaka dRSTi kA spaSTa paricaya prApta ho jAtA hai| . jaina darzana mAnya jIva anAdi kAlase karmoM se saMyukta hai, parantu phira bhI vaha pUrNatayA karmoM ke AdhIna nahIM hai| karmabandhanake cakrako satata gatizIla banAye rakhanemeM aura karmabandhana se mukta hone meM jIva svayaM samartha hai| jIva svayaM hI apane pApa karmoM se bhikhArI banatA hai aura svata: hI mokSa purUSArthake dvArA bhikhArI se bhagavAna bana sakatA hai| jaina darzana kisI anAdi siddhaparamAtmAkI sattAko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| siddhaavasthAko prApta jIva hI paramAtmA hai| jIvoMkI ginatI nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki unakI saMkhyA ananta hai| pratyeka jIva apanI svataM sattA ko liye hue hI mukta hotA hai / 1. kailAzacanda zAstrI, jaina dharma, 1975, pR0 119 2010_03

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tRtIya adhyAya pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM - - uvabhojjamiMdiehiM ya iMdiyakAyA maNo ya kammANi / jaM havadi muttamaNNaM taM savvaM poggalaM jANe // (paMcAstikAya gAthA 82) sAmAnya paricaya jaina mAnya SaD dravyoMmeM dUsarA dravya pudgala hai | isameM cetanA nahIM hotI, isI kAraNa isakI gaNanA ajIva dravyoMmeM kI jAtI hai| jaina darzanake anusAra, jitanA nizcita jJAtA kA astitva hai, itanA hI nizcita jJeya arthAt jJAnakI vastukA bhI astitva hai| isI kAraNa jaina darzanameM ajIva dravyakA bhI apanA viziSTa svarUpa hai, ise jIvakA vyAghAtI kahA gayA hai|' pudgala zabda jaina darzanakA eka vizeSa pAribhASika zabda hai, jo bhautika vastuoMkA dyotaka hai / yadyapi sabhI darzanakAra tathA bhautika vijJAna bhUtadravyake rUpameM isa dravyako svIkAra karate haiM, parantu "pudgala" zabdakA prayoga kevala jaina darzanameM hI kiyA gayA hai, anya darzanoM meM isakA prayoga nahIM pAyA jAtA / jaina darzanameM jise pudgalavAda kahA hai, use hI sAMkhyane prakRtivAda, nyAyavaizeSikane ArambhavAda yA paramANuvAda, vedAntane vivartavAda aura cArvAka ne bhautikavAda kahA hai| samasta loka dRzya-adRzya, sUkSma-bAdara pudgaloMse saba ora se atyanta gAr3ha rUpa se bharA huA hai| ogAr3hagAdaNicido puggala davvehiM savvado logo| suhumehi bAdarehiM ya dissAdissehiM ya taheva // 2 jaina karma siddhAntakA anivArya aMgajaina mAnya pudgalakA jaina karma siddhAntase ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hai, kyoMki jaina 1. hiriyannA ema0, bhAratIya darzanakI rUparekhA, pR0 158 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-gAthA 1822 // 2010_03

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52 jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana darzanameM jIva ke sAtha saMbaMdhako prApta hone vAle viziSTa pudgaloMko hI karma saMjJA dI gayI hai / yaha sabaMdha saMsArI jIvoMmeM hI pAyA jAtA hai, mukta jIvoM meM nhiiN| isase siddha hai ki jIvake sAtha karma pudgaloMkA tAdAtmya saMbaMdha nahIM hai, saMyoga saMbaM hai, jise dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH jIvake sAtha karmapudgaloM kA saMbaMdha anAdi hote hue bhI sAnta hai / isa prakAra pudgala jaina karma siddhAntakA anivArya aMga hai| jaina karma siddhAntako samajhane ke lie pudgala aura pudgalakI sUkSma sthUla avasthAoM kA paricaya pAnA anivArya hai / 2. pudgala dravyake vizeSa guNa pudgala zabda apanA eka vizeSa artha rakhatA hai| pud+gala, ina do zabdoM ke milane se pudgala zabda banatA hai| pud kA artha hai - pUrNa honA aura gala kA artha hai - galanA, arthAt TUTanA, jo pUrNa bhI ho sakatA hai aura TUTa bhI sakatA hai| paMda kailAzacandra zAstrI ke zabdoM meM "jo TUTe-phUTe bane aura bigar3e ve saba pudgala dravya haiM / " jaina mAnya pudgala yadyapi banatA bigar3atA rahatA hai, parantu phira bhI pudgalaka astitva naSTa nahIM hotA, kyoMki pudgalako jainoMne vAstavika sattA ke rUpa meM mAnA hai aura jaina mAnya sattA, utpAd - vyaya yukta hote hue bhI apane dhrauvyatvako nahIM chor3atI / pudgala dravyameM sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, mUrtattva aura acetanatva ye cha vizeSatAyeM pAyI jAtI haiM, devasenAcAryane kahA hai - "pudgalasyasparzarasagandhavarNA: mUrtattvamacetanatvamiti SaT "5 pudgala dravyameM pratyeka samayameM ye SaT guNa pAye jAte haiM / jaina darzanameM guNa guNIke bhedako nahIM mAnA gayA hai, isIliye pudgala dravyake ye guNa kisI bhI avasthAmeM pudgalase pRthaka nahIM hote| ina guNakA pudgala se tAdAtmya saMbaMdha hai| Age ina guNoMkI pRthaka-pRthaka aneka paryAya ho jAte haiM, jinakI saMkhyA bIsa hotI hai / mUrtatva aura acetanatva milAkara kula bAIsa vizeSatAyeM ho jAtI haiN| isa 1. (ka) jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga do, pR0 25 (kha) Karman is a complexus of very fine matter. Glasenapp, The Doctrine of Karaman in Jain Philosophy p.3. 2. puraNagalanAnvarthasaMjJatvAt pudgalA, rAjavArtika, pRSTha 434 3. kailAzacanda zAstrI, jaina dharma, 1975, pR0 93 4. pUrva nirdiSTa, adhyAya eka, pR0 24 5. AlApa paddhati, pR0 33 2010_03

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53 pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM prakAra pudgala dravya indriya grAhya hotA hai, kyoMki usameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza guNake vibhinna paryAya hote haiN|' sAMkhya darzanameM bhI pudgala sthAnIya prakRti tattvameM jJAnendriyoMke rUpameM zrotra, cakSu, ghrANa, rasanA aura tvak ina pA~ca jJAnendriyoMkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai aura zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa aura sparzako ina indriyoM ke viSaya kahA hai| jaina darzanameM zabdako yadyapi zrotrendriyake viSayake rUpameM mAnA gayA hai, parantu pudgalake guNoMmeM zabdakI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai, kyoMki zabdako pudgala dravyakA paryAya kahA gayA hai aura zabda, bandha, sUkSma, sthUla, saMsthAna, bheda, tama, chAyA, Atapa aura udyota ye dasa prakArake pudgala dravyake vizeSa paryAya haiN| Age pudgalake guNoM tathA usake vibhinna paryAyoMkA saMkSipta paricaya Avazyaka hai, kyoMki pudgalake isa vistArameM hI bAhya jagat kI vicitratA aura karmajanita vaiSamya chipA huA hai| pudgalake sparza guNakI ATha paryAya haiM - komala - kaThora, halkA- bhArI, zIta - uSNa, snigdha aura ruukss| ye sabhI paryAya sparzana indriyake dvArA grahaNa kiye jAne yogya hote haiM, isI kAraNa inheM sparza kahA jAtA hai| ukta ATha paryAyoMko cAra yugaloM meM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai / eka yugalakI eka hI paryAya eka samayameM jAnI jAtI hai| isa prakAra sparza guNameM eka samayameM cAra paryAya hI upalabdha ho sakatI haiM, jo padArtha komala hai, vaha halkA, zIta aura snigdha bhI ho sakatA hai|' rasanA indriyake dvArA anubhUta viSaya rasa kahalAtA hai, vaha kaTu, tikta, kasailA, khaTTA aura madhura pAMca prakArakA hotA hai|' rasaguNakI eka samayameM eka hI paryAya upalabdha ho sakatI hai, kyoMki jisa samayameM koI eka rasa hogA, usa samayameM anya rasoMkA honA asambhava hai| pudgalakA gandha guNa ghrANa indriyakA viSaya hai, jo sUMdhA jAtA hai, vaha gandha hai / yaha sugandha aura durgandhake bhedase do prakArakA hotA hai| gandha guNakI do paryAyoM meM se eka samayameM eka hI paryAya vyakta hotA hai| cakSu indriyake viSayako varNa kahate haiM athavA jo dekhA jAtA hai vaha varNa hai / yaha kAlA, nIlA, pIlA, lAla aura saphedake bhedase pAMca prakArakA hotA hai| 1. 'jaM iMdiehiM ginjhaM rUvaM - rasaM - gaMdha - phAsa - pariNAma' kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 207 2. sAMkhya kArikA, na0 26 3. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 23 4. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 293 5. padArthavijJAna, pR0 199 6. sarvArthasiddhi , pR0 293 7. vahI, pR0294 8. sarvArthasiddhi , pR0294 . morr9 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana varNa guNakI bhI eka samayameM eka hI paryAya upalabdha hotI hai| - isa prakArase pudgalake cAra guNoMkI bIsa paryAya prasiddha haiN| pudgala dravyameM eka samayameM sAta paryAya vyakta rUpase dekhe jA sakate haiM - sparza guNake cAra, rasakA eka, gandhakA eka aura varNakA eka / ' ye sAta paryAya bhI pudgala dravyake sthUla rUpameM hI dRSTigocara hote haiM, aNu rUpa pudgalameM mRdu, kaThina, gurU aura laghu guNa nahIM hote / aNu rUpa pudgalameM do sparza, eka rasa, eka gandha aura eka varNa kevala pAMca paryAya hI hote haiM / aNuoMke milanese hI mRdu, kaThina, gurU, laghu ye cAra guNa utpanna hote haiN| 3. pudgala kA mUrtatvaguNa umAsvAmIne SaDdravyoMkA vivecana karate hue pudgaloMko rUpavAn kahA hai - "rUpiNa: pudgalA:" arthAt pudgala apanI sabhI avasthAoM meM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura varNa se yukta hote haiM / rUparasAdi indriyagrAhya guNa hI mUrtika kahe jAte haiM, pudgalake atirikta anya kisI bhI dravyameM ye indriyagrAhya guNa nahIM pAye jAte, isIliye pudgalake atirikta anya koI bhI dravya mUrta nahIM hai / isa prakAra jaina darzanameM kevala AkAra mAtra ko hI nahIM, apitu indriyagrAhya padArthako mUrta yA rUpI kahA gayA hai| zrI sukhalAlasaMghavIke anusAra-rUpa, mUrtatva aura mUrti ye saba zabda samAna arthake hI dyotaka haiN|' 4. karma bhI mUrtika aura paudgalika haiM indriya grAhya honeke kAraNa karmako bhI mUrtika aura paudgalika mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki karmakA phala sparzana Adi mUrtika indriyoMke dvArA sukha du:kha Adi phalake rUpameM prApta hotA hai / kundakundAcAryane kahA hai - jamhA kammassa phalaM visayaM phAsehiM bhujade NiyadaM / jIveNa suhadukkhaM tamhA kammANi muttANi // ' arthAt karmoMke sukha du:kha rUpa phalako utpanna karanevAle iSTAniSTa padArtha mUrta haiM aura mUrtika indriyoMke dvArA hI bhoge jAte haiM, isIliye karmamUrta haiM aura pudgalamaya haiN| karmoM ke 1. padArtha vijJAna, pR0 199 2. "eya rasa vaNNa gandhaM do phAsaM"....paMcAstikAya, gAthA 8 3. tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 5, sUtra 4 4. tattvArthasUtra vivecanA, pR0 117 5. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 133 6. "kammaM savvaM puggalamarya" samayasAra, gAthA 45 2010_03

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pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM 55 mUrtatvakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue pUjyapAdajI ne kahA hai - karmase nirmita zarIrako jaina darzanameM kArmaNa zarIra kahA hai / kArmaNa zarIrakA saMbaMdha jisa samaya iSTa rUpa gur3Adi mUrtimAna padArthoM se hotA hai, usa samaya unase sukha rUpamUrta phalakI prApti hotI hai aura jisa samaya aniSTa rUpa kAMTe Adi mUrtimAna padArthoM se saMbaMdha hotA hai, usa samaya du:kha rUpa mUrta phalakI prApta hotI hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki karma paudgalika haiM aura pudgalake mUrtatva guNake kAraNa karma bhI mUrtika haiM / karmase nirmita sUkSma zarIrake dvArA anya sthUla zarIroMkA nirmANa hotA hai jo sAkSAt mUrtika dRSTigocara hote haiN| 5. pudgala acetana dravya hai pudgala meM cetanA kA abhAva hotA hai, isalie pudgala dravya acetana hai / apaneko prakAzita karane kI sAmarthya ko cetanatva kahate hai / pudgalameM svayaM ko prakAzita karanekI sAmarthya nahIM hotI, isIlie pudgalake vizeSa guNoM meM acetanatvakI gaNanA kI gaI hai / acetanatvake kAraNa pudgalameM svaMya anubhavakI zakti nahIM hotI, parantu vaha anya cetana dravyake anubhavakA viSaya ho jAtA hai| jaina mAnya pudgalake acetanatva guNakI tulanA, sAMkhya mAnya prakRtike jar3atvase kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki sAMkhya darzanameM bhI prakRtiko cetanA rahita aura viSayake rUpameM mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra pudgalako acetana aura viSayake rUpameM mAnanekA siddhAnta jaina darzana aura sAMkhya darzanameM samAna hai / parantu cArvAk darzanase yaha siddhAnta bhinnatA rakhatA hai| bhautikavAdI darzanoMmeM cArvAka darzanakA prathama sthAna hai / cArvAka darzanameM jaina mAnya pudgalake siddhAntake samAna hI paMcabhUtoM kI sattAko vAstavika avazya mAnA hai, parantu unhoMne ina paMcabhUtoMse cetanAkI utpatti mAnI hai, isI kAraNa cArvAka bhautikavAda jaina mAnya pudgalavAdake viparIta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki jaina darzanake anusAra pudgala eka acetana dravyake rUpameM mAnA gayA hai| 6. pudgala dravyakI paryAyeM nemicandrAcArya ne pudgala dravya kI dasavidha paryAyoMkA nirdezana kiyA hai 1. sarvArthasiddhi , pR0 285 2. "acetanasya bhAvo acetanatvamacaitanyamananubhavanam" AlApa paddhati, pR0 92 3. sAMkhya kArikA, na011 4. "caturthya: khalu bhUtebhyazcaitanyamupajAyate" sarvadarzana saMgraha, 107 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana so baMdho suhumo thUlo saMThANa bheda tmchaayaa| ujjodAdavasahiyA puggaladavvassa pajjAyA / ' arthAt pudgala dravyakI zabda, bandha, sUkSma, sthUla, saMsthAna, bheda, tama, chAyA, udyota aura Atapa ye dasa paryAyeM haiM / pudgalake sparzAdi guNa to paramANuoMmeM aura sthUla sUkSma skandhoMmeM donoM meM hI rahA karate haiM, parantu zabdAdi dasa paryAyeM ananta paramANuoMse yukta skandhoM meM hI huA karate haiM aura aneka nimittoM se inakI niSpatti hotI hai, isI kAraNa umAsvAmIne pudgalakI ina payAryoM ke lie pRthak sUtra kahA hai - "zabda bandha saukSmyasthaulya saMsthAnabheda - tamazchAyAtapodyotavantazca" 2 Age inakA saMkSipta vivaraNa iSTa hai| jaina darzanameM zabdako pudgalakI eka paryAyake rUpameM mAnA gayA hai| nyAyavaizeSikane zabdako AkAzakA guNa kahA hai, parantu jainoMne zabdako pudgalakA vikAra mAnakara nyAyavaizeSikakI isa mAnyatAkA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai, kyoMki zabda mUrta hai, yaha bAta yukti, anubhava aura Agamake dvArA siddhahai / yadi zabda AkAzakA guNa hotA to vaha AkAzake samAna vyApaka aura amUrta hotA, parantu zabda, mUrta indriyoM kA viSaya hai, isI kAraNa zabda mUrtika aura paudgalika hai / zabda dhvani rUpameM pariNata hokara arthakA pratipAdana karatA hai| zabdake bheda prabhedoMko nimna tAlikA dvArA spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| zabda - abhASAtmaka bhASA utpanna bhASAtmaka akSarAtmaka anakSarAtmaka prAyogika vaisasika saMskRta Adi divyadhvani pazuoM kI tata vitata ghana suSira saMgharSa se vibhinna bhASAyeM bhASA / / / utpanna mRdaMga Dholaka dhaMTA bAMsurI bijalI dhvani dhvani dhvani dhvani meghAdi kI dhvani isa prakAra zabdake sabhI bhedaprabhedoMko pudgalakA vikAra kahA gayA hai, kyoMki kaNTha, tAlu, jIbha, dAMta, oSTha Adike vikArase zabda utpanna hotA hai| zabda zrotrendriya grAhya hai| 1. vRhad dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 16 2. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 24 3. kArtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA, gAthA 206 ___ 2010_03

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57 pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM bama AdikI tIvra AvAjase kAnake parde phaTa jAte haiM aura tIvra zabdoM ke Age sUkSma zabda daba jAte haiM / ina vividha kAraNoMse zabdako pudgala dravyakA hI pariNAma mAnA jAtA hai| ___ aneka padArthoM kA paraspara ekakSetrAvagAha rUpase saMbaMdha ho jAne ko baMdha kahate haiM / do dhAtuoMkA paraspara eka rUpa ho jAnA kevala paudgalika baMdha hai arthAt pudgalakA pudgalase baMdha hai| karma aura nokarma rUpase jo jIva aura pudgalakA saMyoga rUpabaMdha hotA hai, vaha dravya baMdha hai aura rAga dveSa Adi rUpase jo bandha hotA hai, vaha bhAva bandha kahalAtA hai| sUkSmatA do prakArakI hotI hai - antya sUkSmatA aura ApekSika suukssmtaa| paramANuoMmeM antya sUkSmatA pAyI jAtI hai aura dvayaNukAdimeM ApekSika sUkSmatA hotI hai / jaise AmalekI apekSA baira sUkSma hotA hai| ataeva ApekSika sUkSmatA aneka bhedarUpa ho jAtI hai| sthUlatA bhI do prakArakI hotI hai - antya sthUlatA aura ApekSika sthuultaa| sampUrNa loka meM vyApta mahAskandha antya sthUlatA hotI hai aura ApekSika sthUlatA dvayaNukAdi skandhoMmeM hotI hai - jaise badarIphalakI apekSA Amale meM sthUlatA hotI hai / yaha ApekSika sthUlatA bhI aneka prakArakI ho jAtI hai / saMsthAna AkRti vizeSako kahate haiN| pudgalakI aneka prakArakI AkRtiyA~ hotI haiM / gola, trikoNa, catuSkoNa, dIrgha, hrasva Adi vibhinna saMsthAnoM ke rUpameM pudgala dravyako dekhA jA sakatA hai / jIvoMke zarIrake rUpameM svAti, kubjaka Adi chaha saMsthAna prasiddha haiN| bhedakA artha vizleSaNa hai | paraspara saMyukta hue aneka padArthoM ke pRthak pRthak ho jAne ko bheda kahate haiM / yaha autkArika caurNika khaNDa Adike bhedase aneka prakAra kA hotA hai| jaise caneko dalanese dAla rUpa khaNDa ho jAte haiM aura dAlako pIsanese caurNika rUpa ho jAtA hai| prakAzake virodhI aura dRSTikA pratibaMdha karane vAle pudgala pariNAmako tama kahate haiM, vRkSAdi kA Azraya pAkara, prakAzakA AvaraNa par3anepara, jo pratikRti par3atI hai, use chAyA kahate haiM / candramA, juganu AdikA zItala prakAza udyota hai aura sUrya, agni AdikA uSNa prakAza Atapa hai| tama, chAyA, Atapa aura udyota ye pudgala dravyake vizeSa pariNamanake dvArA hI niSpanna huA karate haiM, isI kAraNa 1. jaina tattvakalikA, saptama kalikA, pR0 233 2010_03

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58 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana zabdAdike samAna ye pudgala dravyake hI pariNAma haiN| tamako jaina darzanameM abhAva rUpa na mAnakara pudgala dravyakI paryAyake rUpameM hI mAnA hai, kyoMki jainoMke anusAra abhAva kAI pramANa siddha viSaya nahIM hai|' 7. pudgala dravya ke kArya jaina darzanake anusAra yaha vizva chaha dravyoMkA samudAya hai / chahoM dravyoM kA paraspara saha astitva hai saMgharSa nahIM, kyoMki chahoM dravya apane svAbhAvika gaNoM ke kAraNa hI pariNamana karate hue, parasparameM upayogI hote hai| vizvavyavasthA paraniyaMtraNa karane vAlI koI pRthak sattA nahIM hai, apitu dravyoMmeM nihita zaktiyA~ hI apane guNoMkA ullaMghana na karate hue, anya dravyoMke lie sahayogI ho jAtI pudagala aura saMsArI jIvakA paraspara ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hai| pudgala asaMkhya rUpoM meM saMsArI jIvoMke lie upakAra karatA hai / jIvake prati kiye gaye kAryoM ko do zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - dravya karma rUpase zarIra, indriya, mana, prANa AdikA nirmANa karatA hai aura moha tathA ajJAnamaya pariNAmoMke dvArA sukha du:kha, jIvana-maraNa Adi rUpase vividha karmoM kI racanA karatA hai| tattvArtha sUtrameM pudgala dravyake nokarma aura karmarUpa kAryoM ko do sUtroMmeM varNita kiyA gayA hai - "zarIravAD0 mana: prANApAnA : pudgalAnAm" "sukha - du:kha jIvitamaraNopagrahAzca"" pudgala ke vibhinna bheda-prabhedoMko mukhya rUpase pAMca vargaNAoMmeM vargIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / pA~ca vargaNAoM ko bhI do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / nokarma vargaNA aura krmvrgnnaa| inakA vistRta varNana pRthak vargaNA zIrSakameM kiyA gayA hai / zarIrake yogya nokarma pudgala vargaNAoMkA grahaNa pratyeka saMsArI jIva kiyA karatA hai| audArika Adi sabhI zarIroMkA nirmANa pudgalase hI hotA hai| dvIndriya jIvoMse lekara saMjJI paMcendriya taka ke sabhI saMsArI jIva bhASA rUpa pudgaloMkA grahaNa kiyA karate haiM / jIvase prerita hokara vacana rUpameM pariNata hone 1. vRhad dravya saMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 16 2. jIvassa bahu payAraM uvayAraM kuNadi puggalaM davvaM / dehaM ca iMdiyANi ya vANI ussAsa - NissAsaM / kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 208 3. aNNaM pi evamAI uvayAraM kuNadi jAva sNsaarN| moha-aNANa-mayaM pi ya pariNAmaM kuNadi jIvassa / / kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 209 4. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 19, 20 2010_03

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pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM vAle pudgala hI vANIke rUpameM kArya kiyA karate haiM / isI prakAra manovargaNAoMkA grahaNa saMjJI paMcendriya jIva kiyA karate haiM, jisase saMkalpa vikalpAtmaka kArya kiyA jAtA hai / isake atirikta sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotrAdi indriyoMkI aura zvAs nizvAsa athavA prANa-apAna rUpa vAyukI racanA bhI paudgalika hai |sukhlaal saMghavIke anusAra ye saba jIvanaprada hone ke kAraNa saMsArI jIvake lie anugrahakArI hai aura bhASA, mana, prANa aura apAna, ina sabakA vyAghAta aura abhibhava dekhane meM AtA hai, isI kAraNa ye bhI zarIrakI bhA~ti hI paudgalika haiM / nemicandrAcArya ne bhI pudgala ko zarIra vANI mana aura zvAsocchavAsakA kAraNa mAnate hue tIna gAthAoMmeM nokarma vargaNAoM aura karma vargaNAoM rUpa paudgalika jagatkA varNana kiyA hai| ___ saMsArameM koI bhI padArtha kevala iSTa yA aniSTa nahIM hote, kyoMki eka hI padArtha kisIko iSTa pratIta hotA hai aura kisIko aniSTa / eka hI vyaktiko bhI eka samayameM koI padArtha iSTa pratIta hotA hai aura kAlAntarameM vahI padArtha aniSTa pratIta hone lagatA hai| rAgake viSayabhUta iSTa padArtha sukhakA kAraNa hote haiM aura dveSa ke viSayabhUta aniSTa padArtha du:khakA kAraNa hote haiN| ____ isI prakAra Ayu karmake nimitta se dehadhArI jIvake vartamAna zarIrameM prANa aura apAnakA calate rahanA jIvana hai aura prANApAnakA viccheda ho jAnA maraNa hai| anna jalAdi pudgala padArtha prANadhAraNa karane meM upakArI hote haiM, isake viparIta, zastra, agni Adi pudgala padArtha maraNameM nimitta hote haiM / sukha du:khameM vedanIya karma aura jIvana-maraNameM Ayu karma kAraNa hotA hai| isa kAraNa saMsArI prANIzubhAzubharUpa karma pudgaloMse saMyukta hokara sukhadu:kha,jIvana-maraNa Adi pariNAmoMko bhogate rahate haiN| muktAvasthAmeM jIva sukhadu:kha, jIvana-maraNa Adi pariNAmoMse rahita hote haiM, kyoMki sukha-du:kha aura jIvana-maraNa Adike kAraNa bhUta karmavargaNA rUpapudgaloM kA muktAvasthAmeM abhAva pAyA jAtA hai / jIva jaba karmapudgaloMse mukta ho jAte haiM, taba karma pudgala janya sukha-du:khAdi pariNAmoMse bhI mukta ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra jIvake atirikta jo kucha bhI hai saba paudgalika hai / jJAnendriyA~, pAMca vargaNAoMse nirmita paMcavidha 1. saMghavI sukhalAla, tattvArtha sUtra vivecanA, pR0 126 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA606-608 3. jaina tattvakalikA, saptam kalikA, pR0233 4. Sphere of this Matter....... In fact all that is other than Jiva, 'Materialism in Indian thought p. 105. ___ 2010_03

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60 jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana zarIra, mana, vacana, sukha duHkha, jIvana-maraNa Adi rUpa vibhinna skandha aura paramANu saba pudgala dravyamayI haiM / " 8. saMskAra aura cidAbhAsI jagat saMskAra zabda prAyaH sabhI darzanoM meM kisI na kisI rUpameM prApta hotA hai / bauddhake dvAdaza pratItya samutpAdameM saMskArakI gaNanAkI gayI hai, jisakA saMbaMdha atIta jIvanase batAyA gayA hai / ' nyAya aura vaizeSika darzanameM caubIsa guNoMmeM saMskArakI gaNanAkI gayI hai aura gati smRti aura sthitike rUpameM tIna prakArakA saMskAra mAnA gayA hai / 3 jaina darzanameM bauddha darzana aura nyAyavaizeSika darzanakI bhA~ti saMskAra zabdakA ullekha maulika padArthoM yA tattvoM ke rUpameM to prApta nahIM hai, parantu smRtibIjake rUpameM saMskAra zabdakA prayoga aneka sthAnoM para milatA hai / pUjyapAdAcAryane bandha tathA mokSa ke hetukI vivecanA karate hue kahA hai - avidyAbhyAsa-saMskArairavazaM kSipyate manaH / taMdaiva jJAna saMskAraiH svatastattve'vatiSThate // 5 arthAt mithyAjJAna rUpa saMskAroMke dvArA mana vikSipta hokara parAdhIna ho jAtA hai aura samyakjJAna rUpa saMskAroMke dvArA AtmA svaMya apane svarUpameM sthira ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra deha, vANI athavA buddhi Adike dvArA kisI bhI kAryako karate rahanese abhyAsavaza cetanAmeM eka aisI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai, jo puna: usI kAryako karane ke lie prerita karatI hai, isIko saMskAra kahA jAtA hai / saMskAroM dvArA cAlita cetanA, cetanAvat pratIta avazya hotI hai, parantu vAstavameM vaha cetanA nahIM hai, ise cidAbhAsI jagata kahA jA sakatA hai, jo paugalika hote hue bhI cetanAvat pratIta hotA hai / agnike saMyogase utpanna honeke kAraNa jisa prakAra uSNatA jalakA svAbhAvika dharma nahIM hai, Agantuka hai, isI prakAra moha, rAga, dveSAdi cAMcalya, cetanAke svAbhAvika dharma na hokara Agantuka haiM, kyoMki ye saMskAroMke saMyogase utpanna hote haiM / uSNAvasthAmeM uSNatAko cAhe jalakA vikAra kaha leM, parantu 1.. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 82 2. harendra sinhA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 95 3. harendra sinhA, vahI, pR0 195 4. saMskArasmRtibIjamAdadhIta, akalaMka bhaTTa, siddhi vinizcaya, 1951, pR. 14 5. pUjyapAda, samAdhizataka, zloka 37 2010_03

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pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM 61 vAstavameM vaha jalakA vikAra na hokara agnikA hotA hai, usI prakAra jIvakI saMsArAvasthAmeM dRSTa yaha vaiSamya bhale hI jIvakA vikAra dikhAI detA ho, parantu vAstavameM vaha cetanAkA vikAra na hokara saMskAra rUpa pudgaloMkA hI hai|' saMskAra azubha bhI ho sakate haiM aura zubha bhI / krodhAdike saMskAra azubha kahalAte haiM aura bhakti, AtmaciMtana, paropakAra, kSamA Adike saMskAra zubha kahalAte haiN| zubha saMskAra paramparA rUpase karma vinAzameM sahAyaka hote haiM aura azubha saMskAra janma punarjanma rUpa saMsArakA kAraNa bana kara bhavabhavAntara taka jIvake sAtha rahate haiN| ___ saMsArAvasthA meM pratyeka jIvameM itane saMskAra par3e hue haiM ki unakI gaNanA nahIM kI jA sktii| yahI kAraNa hai ki vyaktiko icchAse athavA anicchAse, jJAta bhAvase athavA ajJAta bhAvase, saMskAroM se prerita hokara vibhinna prakArake kAryoM meM vyasta rahanA par3atA hai| ina saMskAroMke paudgalika aura mUrta honeke kAraNa hI jIvakI karmabaddha avasthAko bhI mUrta kaha diyA jAtA hai|' isa prakAra saMskAroM ko eka dRSTise paudgalika kahA gayA hai, parantu sarvathA paudgalika nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki jisa prakAra cUne va haldIke mizraNase utpanna lAla raMgako na cUnekA kaha sakate haiM aura na hI haldIkA | usI prakAra cetanA tathA pudgalase mizrita cidAbhAsI tattvako na akele jIvakA kaha sakate haiM aura na hI akele pudgalakA / jisa prakAra strI tathA purUSake saMyogase utpanna putrakA lokameM vivakSAvaza devadattakA putra hai yA devadattAkA putra hai aisA kaha diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra jIva tathA pudgalake saMyogase utpanna rAgAdi bhAva rUpa cidAbhAsI jagatko vivakSAvaza akele jIvakA yA akele pudgalakA bhale hI kaha diyA jAye parantu vAstavameM vaha donoM ke saMyogakA hI pariNAma hai / ' - tAttvika dRSTise dekhanepara rAga-dveSAdi bhAva athavA inake vividha vistAra vAle jagatkI sattA hI nahIM hai, kyoMki ajJAna bhAvameM hI rAgAdika bhAvoMkI pratIti hotI hai, jJAnameM sthita yogIko samAdhi kAlameM inakI pratIti hI nahIM hotii| jisa prakAra zuddhajIvameM.rAgadveSAdi bhAvoMkI upalabdhi nahIM hotI, usI prakAra rUpa, rasa, gandha, varNa vAle bhautika pudgalameM bhI rAgadveSAdi jagat upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isa 1. samayasAra, gAthA 51,55 2. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 6, bhAga 1, pR041 3. "karmabaddhaparyAyApekSayA syAnmUrta:" sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 161 2. jainendra siddhAnta koza. bhAga tIna. pa0569 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana prakAra zuddha tAttvika dRSTise inakI sattA hI siddha nahIM hotii| isa prakAra jaina darzanameM rAgAdi bhAva rUpa cidAbhAsI jagatko anyadarzanoMkI bhA~ti sarvathA mithyA nahIM kahA hai, apitu apane anekAntavAdakA Azraya lekara eka apekSAse ise jIvakA pariNAma kahA hai, dUsarI apekSAse pudgalakA pariNAma kahA hai. tIsarI apekSAse donoMke saMyogase utpanna vilakSaNa pariNAma kahA hai aura caturtha dRSTise rAgAdi bhAva rUpa jagatkI sattA hI nahIM hai| __ ina cAroM dRSTiyoMmeM se karmasiddhAnta, dUsarI dRSTiko AdhAra mAnakara apanI vivecanA prastuta karatA hai / atyanta vizuddha hone ke kAraNa isa dRSTimeM jIvako trikAla nirvikAra aura zuddha mAnA jAtA hai, jitanA bhI cidAbhAsI jagata hai, vaha pudgalakA hI kArya hai, kyoMki mana buddhi Adi athavA rAgadveSa Adi bhAvoMke rUpameM jo kucha bhI dRSTa hai, usakI vyApti pudgalake sAthahI ghaTita hotI hai, cetanAke sAtha nhiiN| indriyoMke viSayabhUta kArmaNa pudgaloMke hone para hI rAgadveSAdi cidAbhAsI jagatkI sattA hotI hai| kArmaNa vargaNA rUpa pudgaloMke na hone para rAgadveSAdi cidAbhAsI jagatkI sattA nahIM hotI / jaise mukta-jIvameM kArmaNa zarIrakA abhAva ho jAneke kAraNa rAgadveSAdi cidAbhAsI jagatkI sattAkA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| ___ isa prakAra jaina mAnya pudgalameM kevala mahAbhUta hI nahIM Ate, apitu cidAbhAsI jagat bhI A jAtA hai / isI kAraNa zarIra Adi tathA karma, nokarma, vacana, mana, ucchavAsa, nizvAsa sukha-du:kha, jIvana-maraNa Adiko pudgalakA hI kArya mAnA gayA hai, nemicandrAcAryane kahA bhI hai - "dehAdINivvattaNa kAraNabhUdA hu nniymenn| 2 / umAsvAmIne bhI zarIra vacana, karma Adi cidAbhAsI jagatko pudgalakA hI kArya kahA hai| isI tathyako haramana yAkobIne bhI spaSTatayA kahA hai ki jaina siddhAntameM karmako paudgalika kahA gayA hai| DaoN0 hiriyannA ke anusAra bhI jaina mAnya pudgala nitya hai, jinameM prANiyoM ke zarIra jJAnendriyA~ aura mana bhI sammilita haiN| 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga tIna, pR0570 2. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 606 3. pUrva nirdiSTaM pudgalake kArya 8. Jaina understanding of Karma is thoroughly materialistic ke.ke.mittala, maiTiriyalijama ina iNDiyana thaoNTa, pR0 120 5. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 161 2010_03

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63 pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM jaina mAnya pudgalakA yaha siddhAnta sAMkhya mAnya prakRtise samAnatA rakhatA hai, kyoMki sAMkhyameM bhI mahAbhUta, tanmAtrA, buddhi, ahaMkAra, mana, jJAnendriyA~ aura karmendriyA~ ina sAta tattvoMko prakRtikA vikAra kahA gayA hai| gItAmeM bhI vikArayukta kSetrakA pratipAdana karate hue paMcamahAbhUta, buddhi, mana, ahaMkAra, pAMca jJAnendriyA~, pAMca karmendriyA~, icchA, sukha-du:kha Adi sabako citta zakti ke vikArake rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai jo acetana hote hue bhI cetana sadRza dikhAI dete haiM / kezavavarNI ne gommaTasAra jIvakANDakI TIkAmeM pudgalako saMsArI jIvoMkA vAcaka bhI kahA hai - "mUrtimatsu padArtheSu saMsAriNyapi pudgalA:"3 isa prakAra zAstralikhita kucha aise tathya haiM jo ki pudgala dravyako jar3atvase Upara uThAkara cetanatvake nikaTa pahuMcA dete haiM / yadyapi agurUlaghutva guNake kAraNa pudgala apanI acetanatva rUpa jAtikA ullaMghana karake cetanatvako pAne meM samartha nahIM haiM, parantu cetanavat pratIta avazya hotA hai, isIliye ise cidAbhAsa kaha diyA gayA hai parantu saiddhAntika rUpameM jaina darzanameM cidAbhAsa zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 9. pudgala dravyake bheda prabheda... jaina darzanameM pudgalako vibhinna dRSTiyoMse aneka bhAgoMmeM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyata: use do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai aNu aura skandha / ' DaoN0 hiriyannAne bhI jaina mAnya ina rUpoMkA vivecana karate hue pudgalake do rUpa kahe haiM - eka sarala yA ANavika aura dUsarA yaugika jise skandha kahate haiM / " kisI bhI vastukA vibhAjana karate karate eka aisI sthiti A jAtI hai, jisase Age usakA vibhAjana saMbhava nahIM hotaa| usa avibhAjya antyAMza ko hI aNu kahA jAtA hai| ye aNuhI ghana, ghanatara aura ghanatama saMyogase sthUla svarUpako prApta hokara skandha kahalAte haiN| dUsare zabdoMmeM jaba do yA do se adhika paramANu paraspara bandhako prApta kara lete haiM taba ve skandha kahalAte haiN| AcArya akalaMka bhaTTa ne kahA hai 1. sAMkhya kArikA, na03 2. bhagavadgItA, adhyAya 13, zloka 15, 16 3. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 595, san 1979, pR0823 4. aNava: skandhAzca, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 25 5. bhAratIya darzanakI rUparekhA, pR0 163 6. bhedAdaNu:, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 27 2010_03

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E0 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana "bandho vakSyate taM pariprAptA: ye aNava: te skandhA:"1 jitanI bhI pratyakSa yogya vastueM haiM, ve saba yaugika yA skandha hI kahalAtI haiN| eka sthUla skandhake bhedanase do yA adhika kSudra skandhoM kI utpatti hotI hai aura do yA adhika paramANuoMke saMghAta arthAt mela se bhI sthUla sUkSma skandhoMkI utpatti hotI hai / umAsvAmIne sUtrameM kahA hai - "bheda saMghAtebhya: utpadyante / 2 nemicandrAcAryane pudgala dravyake pramukha chaha bhedoMkA nirdezana kiyA hai. bAdarabAdara, bAdara, bAdarasUkSma, sUkSmabAdara, sUkSma aura sUkSmasUkSma / inake dvArA pudgalake sthUlatamase lekara sUkSmatama taka sabhI rUpoMkA digdarzana ho jAtA hai| kundakundAcAryane pudgaladravyako cAra prakArakA kahA hai - skandha, skandha deza, skandha pradeza aura paramANu / ' samasta paramANuoMkA eka piNDa rUpa pudgala, "skandha kahalAtA hai| usa pudgala skandhakA ardha bhAga *skandha deza kahalAtA hai / skandhadezakA ardhabhAga "skandha pradeza" kahalAtA hai aura jisakA vibhAga na ho sake use paramANu kahate haiN| isa prakAra do paramANuoMke milApase lekara sakala pRthvI-khaNDa paryanta skandhoMke ananta bheda bhI kahe jA sakate haiN| niyamasArameM bhI gommaTasArake samAna hI sthUlatA aura sUkSmatAke AdhAra para pudgala dravyake chaha bhedoMkA kathana kiyA gayA hai, yadyapi uparokta cAra bhedoM meM sabhI bheda garbhita ho jAte haiM, parantu pudgala dravyake sthUlatamase lekara sUkSmatama taka sabhI rUpoMkA spaSTa paricaya ina chaha bhedoMke dvArA hI prApta hotA hai| pudgala skandha kA vaha sthUlatama rUpa, jo khaNDita kiyA jAnepara puna: apane Apa na mila sake "bAdarabAdara" kahalAtA hai / pRthvI jAtIya pASANAdi padArtha "bAdara bAdara" haiM, inakA chedana bhedana kiyA jA sakatA hai aura inheM eka sthAnase dUsare sthAnapara le jAyA jA sakatA hai| 1. rAjavArtika, pR0493 2. tattvArtha, sUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 26 3. bAdara-bAdara bAdara bAdara-suhamaMca suhamathUlaM c| suhumaM ca suhamasuhamaM dharAdirya hodi chabbheyaM // gommaTasAra jIva kANDa, gAthA 603 4. khaMdhA ya khaMdhadesA khaMdhapadesA ya hoMti prmaannu| iti tecaduviyappA puggalakAyA muNeyavvA / / paMcAstikAya, gAthA 74 5. (ka) gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 604 (kha) paMcAstikAya, gAthA 75 6. niyamasAra, gAthA 21 7. bhUpabbadamAdiyA bhaNidA aithUla)lamidi khaMdhA, niyamasAra, gAthA 22. 2010_03

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65 pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM pudgalakA vaha rUpa jo khaNDa khaNDa honepara bhI puna: mila jAye "bAdara" kahalAtA hai| jalIya jAtike sabhI padArtha jaise ghRta, dugdha, tailAdi pudgaloMko "bAdara" kahA jAtA hai / ' pudgalakA vaha rUpa jo dekhane meM sthUla ho, parantu jo khaNDa-khaNDa na ho sake aura hastAdise grahaNa na kiyA jA sake, aise chAyA, Atapa, prakAza Adi padArtha "bAdara sakSma" kahe jAte haiN| sparza, rasa, gandha, zabdAdika pudgala isase sUkSma hote haiM, unheM "sUkSmabAdara" kahA jAtA hai / ye netrendriyako chor3akara zeSa cAroM indriyoM ke viSayabhUta padArtha hote haiN| jo skandha indriyoMse bhI grahaNa karane meM nahIM Ate aise karma samUhako "sUkSma pudgala" kahA jAtA hai| ye karma vargaNAke yogya sUkSma skandha hote haiN| karmavargaNAke ayogya aura karmavargaNAse bhI ati sUkSma dvayaNuka skandha takake sabhI pudgala "sUkSmasUkSma" yA "atisUkSma" kahalAte haiN| DaoN0 hiriyannAke anusAra- sUkSma avasthAmeM rahane vAlA pudgala hI karma hai, jo jIvameM praviSTa hokara saMsArakA kAraNa banatA hai| pUjyapAdajI ne bhI kahA hai - "karmagrahaNayogyA: pudgalA: sUkSmA:, na sthUlA:"7 arthAt karmagrahaNayogya pudgala sUkSma hote haiM, sthUla nahIM / ke0ke0mittala ne bhI jainoMke bhautikavAda para vicAra karate hue kahA hai ki jaina darzanameM karmako paudgalika mAnA gayA hai / dAsaguptake anusAra pudgala dravya sthUla rUpase dikhAI dene vAlI sAMsArika vastuoMmeM aura sUkSma rUpase jIvako daSita karane vAle karmoM meM vidyamAna haiN|' 10. paramANu pudgala skandhoMkA jahA~ anta ho jAtA hai, vaha antima aMza "paramANu" kahalAtA hai / paramANuse aNutara, anya koI nahIM hotaa| yaha sabhI pudgala 1. sappIjalatelamAdIyA, niyamasAra, gAthA 22 2. chAyAtavamAdIyA thUledarakhaMdhamidi viyANIhi, niyamasAra, gAthA 23 3. suhamadhUledi bhaNiyA khaMdhA caurakkhavisayAya, niyamasAra, gAthA 23 4. suhamA havaMti khaMdhA pAvoggA kammavaggaNasya puNo, vahI, gAthA 24 5. tabvivarIyA khaMdhA aisuhamA idi parurvedi, niyamasAra, gAthA 24 6. bhAratIya darzanakI rUparekhA, pR0 164 . 7. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0402 8. maiTiriyalijama ina iMDiyana thaoNTa, pR0 120 9. dAsa gupta esa.ena.bhAratIya darzanakA itihAsa, pR0 204 10. jassaNa koi aNudaro so aNuo hodi savva davvANaM / jAve paraM aNuttaraM taM paramANu munneyvvaa| padmanandi AcArya, jambUdvIpa paNNati, adhikAra 13, gAthA 17 ____ 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana 66 skandhoM kA kAraNa hotA hai parantu svayaM kisIkA bhI kArya nahIM hai| paramANukI mukhya pAMca vizeSatAoMkA varNana kiyA gayA hai / ' 1. paramANu zAzvata hai / 2. paramANu zabda rahita hai / 3. paramANu eka pradezI hai / paramANu avibhAgI athavA niraMza hai / 8. 5. paramANu mUrtika hai / 1. paramANu zAzvata hai, kyoMki yaha trikAla avinAzI hai, yadyapi vividha paramANuoM ke milApase yaha eka paryAyase dUsarI paryAyako prApta hotA rahatA hai, tathApi apanI paramANu rUpa mUla sattA ko kabhI nahIM chor3atA / paramANuko tIkSNa astroMke dvArA chedA bhedA nahIM jA sakatA, agnike dvArA jalAyA nahIM jA sakatA aura jalake dvArA galAyA nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki ye atyanta sUkSma hote haiM / skandhake rUpameM indriya grAhya ho jAne para bhI paramANu rUpameM indriya grAhya nahIM haiM, kyoMki ye Adi, madhya aura antase rahita hote haiM / paramANu yadyapi jar3a aura acetana hote haiM, parantu paramANukI yaha nityatA AtmAkI nityatAse sAmyatA rakhatI hai, kyoMki AtmAkI nityatAkA digdarzana karAte hue, gItAmeM bhI AtmAko achedya, adAhya aura azoSya kahA hai, jise agni jalA nahIM sakatI, zastra kATa nahIM sakatA, jala galA nahIM sakatA aura pavana sukhA nahIM sakatA / paramANu isa avyakta rUpakI sAmyatA sAMkhya mAnya pradhAna tattvase kI jA sakatI hai, jo prakRtikI usa avasthA kA dyotaka hai jisameM satva, raja aura tama ina tIna guNoMkI sAmyAvasthAke kAraNa prakRtike guNa avyakta rahate haiM / " 2. paramANu zabda rahita haiM- jaina mAnyatAke anusAra paramANu svayaM azabda arthAt zabda rahita haiM, parantu vibhinna paramANuoMke milApase zabda paryAyako dhAraNa kara letA hai / zabdakI utpatti ananta paramANuoMke samUha rUpa pudgala vargaNAoM se hotI hai, kyoMki jaba ananta paramANuoM ke samUha rUpa skandha paraspara saMghaTanako prApta hote haiM, usI samaya zabdakI utpatti hotI hai, paramANu svayaM azabdamayahote haiN| jayasenAcAryakI tAtparyavRttike zabdoMmeM "eka pradezatvena kRtvAnaMtaparamANupiMDa lakSaNena zabda paryAyeNa saha vilakSaNatvAt svayaM vyakti rUpeNAzabda: 5 1. "so sassado asaddo ekko avibhAgI muttibhavo" paMcAstikAya, gAthA 77 2. sattheNa sutikkheNa chettuM bhettuM ca jaM kirasakkaM / jalayaNalAdi hiM NAsaM Na ediso hodi paramANu // tiloepaNNati, adhikAra 1 gAthA 96 3. bhagavadgItA, adhyAya 2, zloka 13 4. sAMkhyakArikA, na0 8 5. paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti, gAthA 79 2010_03

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pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM 67 3. paramANu eka pradezI hotA hai- paramANu jitane sthAnako gheratA hai, kSetrakI usa alpatama ikAIko pradeza kahA jAtA hai, skandhoMkA nirmANa aneka paramANuoMse hotA hai, isI kAraNa skandha to bahupadezI hote haiM aura dRSTipatha meM Ate haiM parantu skandhoM kI pRSThabhUmimeM avasthita paramANu eka pradezI hote haiM aura dRSTipathameM nahIM aate| dRSTipathameM na Anepara bhI eka pradezI paramANu sabhI pudgala skandhoM ke kAraNa haiM, kyoMki skandhoMko paramANukA kArya kahA jAtA hai aura eka pradezI hone ke kAraNa paramANu zabda rahita bhI kahe gaye haiN| 4. paramANu avibhAgI hai, kyoMki isakA koI dUsarA bhAga saMbhava nahIM hai | sukhalAla saMghavIke anusAra paramANukA koI vibhAga nahIM hotA aura na hI ho sakanA saMbhava hotA hai kyoMki paramANukA Adi, madhya aura anta vaha svaMya hotA hai / paramANu asamudAya rUpa hotA hai aise niraMza yA avibhAgI paramANukA jJAna, indriyoMse nahIM hotA, usakA jJAna Agama yA anumAnase hI saMbhava hai| 5. paramANu mUrtika hai, kyoMki isameM sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa ye cAra guNa pAye jAte haiM aura pRthvI, jala agni aura vAyu ina cAra dhAtuoMkA kAraNa hai arthAt ye cAroM pudgala jAtiyA~ paramANuoMse hI utpanna hotI hai| ina cAroM jAtiyoM meM sparzAdi cAroM hI jAtiyoMke paramANu pAye jAte haiM / pRthvImeM gandha guNakI, jalameM rasa guNakI, agnimeM varNa guNakI aura vAyumeM sparza guNakI mukhyatA avazya hotI hai, parantu anya guNoM kA abhAva nahIM hotA | paramANuke ina guNoM kA vivecana yadyapi vaizeSika darzanameM bhI kiyA gayA hai parantu vaizeSika darzanameM pRthvI Adi cAroM bhUtoMmeM pRthak-pRthak guNake paramANuoMkI sattAko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| pArthiva paramANu meM kevala gandhaguNa, jalIya paramANumeM kevala rasa guNa, agnike paramANumeM kevala rUpa guNa aura vAyuke paramANumeM kevala sparza guNa mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra vaizeSika darzanameM guNoMko maulika aura nitya mAnA gayA hai, parantu jaina darzana ina guNoMko vyutpanna aura gauNa mAnatA hai kyoMki svayaM ina guNoMmeM antara nahIM hai, apitu gandha rasa Adi guNoM kA vikAsa ho jAne para hI ina guNoMmeM antara AtA hai| jisa guNakA vikAsa ho jAtA hai vaha guNa mukhya ho jAtA hai aura zeSa guNa gauNa ho jAte haiM / vaizeSika darzanakI taraha jaina darzanameM paramANumeM kisI eka 1. vRhad nayacakra, gAthA 10 2. saMghavI sukhalAla, tattvArthasUtra vivecanA, pR0 131 3. hiriyannA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 238 4. hiriyannA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 163 2010_03

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68 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana nizcita guNako nahIM mAnA gayA, apitu pratyeka paramANumeM do sparza, eka rasa, eka gandha aura eka varNa ye pAMca guNa hote haiN| arthAt pudgalake bIsa guNoMmeM se pudgala paramANumeM pAMca guNa pAye jAte haiM - pAMca rasoMmeM se koI eka rasa, pAMca varSoM meM se koI eka varNa, do gandhoMmeM se koI eka gandha tathA zIta-snigdha, zIta-rUkSa, uSNa-snigdha, uSNa-rukSa ina cAra sparza yugaloM meM se koI eka yugala hotA hai| paramANameM ina guNoMke atirikta eka anya guNa bhI mAnA jAtA hai. vaha hai paramANuoMkA sakriyatva / jaina darzanake anusAra paramANu niSkriya nahIM hote, kyoMki jaina mAnya SaT dravyoM meM se jIva aura pudgala ina donoM dravyoM ko kriyAvanta mAnA gayA hai| pudgalakI kriyA meM sahakArI kAraNa kAla hotA hai / kAlakA kabhI bhI abhAva saMbhava nahIM hotA, isI kAraNa pudgala niSkriya kabhI bhI nahIM hotaa|' isa parivartanazIlatA ke kAraNa paramANuke sparzAdi cAroM guNoMmeM kucha na kucha tAratamya svata: AtA hI rahatA hai,' isI tAratamyatAke kAraNa paramANuoMkA paraspara bandha hotA hai| 11. anya darzanoM se tulanA bauddha darzanameM bhI paramANuoMkI gatizIlatAke siddhAntako mAnA gayA hai, parantu gatizIlatAke kAraNa paramANuko zAzvata nahIM mAnA / jaina darzanAnusAra paramANu gatizIla hote hue bhI zAzvata haiM kyoMki kisI bhI kAlameM aura kisI bhI zastra, agni, jala Adike nimittase paramANukA vinAza saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra jaina mAnya isa siddhAntase paramANuoMke bauddhamAnya siddhAntakA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| vaizeSika darzanameM yadyapi paramANuoMkI gatizIlatAke siddhAntako svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, parantu paramANu svayaM gatizIla nahIM hote| vaizeSikake matAnusAra 1. eyarasavaNNagaMdha do phAsaMsadakAraNamasadaM / khaMdhaMtaridaMdravvaM paramANuM taM viyANehi // paMcAstikAya, gAthA 81 2. paMcAstikAya, tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 81 3. jIvA puggalakAyA saha sakkiriyA havaMtiNa ye sesaa| paggalakaraNA jIvAkhaMdhA khalakAla karaNA d|| paMcAstikAya.gAthA 98 4. pudgalAnAM sakriyatvasya bahiraMgasAdhanaM pariNAmanirvartaka: kAla: na ca karmAdInAmiva kaalsyaabhaavH| paMcAstikAya, tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 98 5. padArtha vijJAna, paSTha 190 6. JamesHastings, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol.111959,P.201 7. pUrva nirdiSTa - paramANu zAzvata hai| 2010_03

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pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM paramANu svayaM niSkriya aura gatihIna haiM, parantu unako gati dene vAlA koI bAhya kAraNa hai, jise adRSTa athavA Izvara kahA gayA hai / jaina darzana vaizeSikoM kI isa mAnyatAkA bhI nirAkaraNa karatA hai, kyoMki jaina darzanAnusAra kriyAzIlatAkI zakti upAdAna rUpase pudgalameM hI hotI hai aura kAla usakA bAhya nimitta hai / Izvara kartRtva ko jaina darzana svIkAra nahIM karatA kyoMki jaina darzanakA sattA siddhAnta, sattAbhUta padArthoM ko hI jagat kA kartA mAnatA hai, paramAtma padako prApta AtmA jagat ke kAryoM meM hastakSepa nahIM krtaa| saMkSepameM jaina mAnya paramANukI nyAya vaizeSikake paramANuse samAnatA tathA vibhinnatAkA vivecana nimna prakArase kiyA jA sakatA hai - samAnatA1. jaina darzana aura nyAya vaizeSika darzana donoMne hI paramANuko zAzvata mAnA hai, inakI na sRSTi hotI hai aura na hI vinAza hotA hai| 2. donoM darzanoMkA paramANuvAda bhautika jagat kI hI vyAkhyA karatA hai / 3. vibhinna paramANuoMke saMyukta honese vastuoMkA nirmANa hotA hai aura paramANuoMke viccheda honese vastuoM kA vighaTana ho jAtA hai, isa tathyako donoM darzanoMne hI svIkAra kiyA hai| vibhinnatA1. jaina darzanameM paramANuko sakriya mAnA gayA hai, parantu nyAya vaizeSika darzanameM paramANu svayaM niSkriya aura gatihIna hote haiM, parantu IzvarakI zaktise usameM gatizIlatA A jAtI hai, jaina darzanameM kriyAzIlatAko paramANukA svAbhAvika guNa mAnA gayA hai| 2. jainadarzanameM sabhI paramANuoMko caturguNa yukta mAnA gayA hai, parantu nyAya vaizeSikameM sabako samAna rUpase caturguNa yukta nahIM maanaa| 3. paramANuoMke pArasparika saMyogakA siddhAnta donoM darzanoM kA bhinna-bhinna hai| 1. (ka) James Hastings, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, VoI II P.201 (kha) prazastapAda bhASya, pR. 20 2. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 4, pR0 161 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR0 19 4. saMdhavI sukhalAla, tattvArthasUtra vivecana, pR0 131, 132 ___ 2010_03

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70 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana vaizeSika darzanameM paramANuoMke saMyogako guNAkAra rUpameM mAnA gayA hai, parantu jaina darzanameM nyAyavaizeSikakI bhA~ti guNAkAra saMyogako nahIM mAnA gyaa|' bauddhoM ke anusAra aNuoMmeM koI pArasparika saMyoga nahIM hotA parantu jaina darzanakA paudgalika siddhAnta, bauddha mAnya isa dhAraNAkA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, kyoMki paramANuoMmeM snigdha aura rUkSa guNa pAye jAte haiM, jisake kAraNa do yA do se adhika aNuoMse skandhoMkA nirmANa hotA hai / 12. paramANuse skandha kaise banate haiM ? jainAcAryoM ne paramANuse skandha bananekI prakriyAkA ati sUkSma aura vaijJAnika DhaMgase pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa prakArakA varNana kisI bhI anya darzanameM nahIM pAyA jAtA, isI kAraNa paramANuse skandha nirmANakI jaina mAnya prakriyA ati vilakSaNa kahI jA sakatI hai| jainadarzanameM sabhI paramANuoMko caturguNa yukta aura kriyAvAna mAnA gayA hai| apanI svAbhAvika kriyAke pariNAma svarUpa paramANuke sparzAdi guNoMmeM hInAdhikatA AtI rahatI hai / aise paramANu jinameM snigdhatA athavA rUkSatAkA jaghanyAMza arthAt eka hI aMza pAyA jAtA hai, unakA paraspara bandha nahIM hotaa| jina paramANuoMmeM snigdhatva aura rUkSatva guNoMkA samAna aMza ho arthAt samAna guNa vAle do paramANuoMkA bhI paraspara bandha nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki snigdha tva guNa vAle paramANu samAna jAtIya snigdhatva guNa vAle anya paramANuoMko vikarSita karate haiM aura rUkSatva guNa vAle vijAtIya paramANuoMko AkarSita karate haiN| jaina mAnya yaha siddhAnta vidyuta zaktimeM bhI spaSTa rUpase dekhA jA sakatA hai| aura purUSa tathA strI jAtike asamAna zarIroMmeM bhI spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai / do yA do se adhika aise paramANu, jinake snigdhatva aura rUkSatva guNake aMzoMmeM bhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai, milakara skandhoMkA nirmANa karate haiN|' do adhika guNAMza vAle paramANuoMkA hI paraspara bandha ho sakatA hai / jina 1. nyAya siddhAnta muktAvalI, kArikA 10 2. najaghanya guNAnAm, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 34 3. guNa sAmye sadRzAnAM, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 35 8. Like charge Repele and unlike attract each other. jinendra varNI, karma siddhAnta, 1981, pR023 Two or more atoms which differ in their degree of smoothness and roughness May combine to form aggregates. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. II 1959, P. 199. 6. dvayadhikAdiguNAnAMtu, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya - 5, sUtra 36 2010_03

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pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM 71 paramANuoMmeM guNoMka aMza adhika hote haiM, aise paramANu kama guNAMza vAle paramANuoMko apanemeM pariNata kara lete haiN| apane snigdharUkSa guNoMke kAraNaskandha rUpameM pariNata hokara bhI, paramANu apane svabhAvako nahIM chor3atA, sadA eka dravya rUpa hI rahatA hai| 13. paMcavidha vargaNAyeM___varga" jaina darzanakA eka pAribhASika zabda hai / yaha pudgala skandhoMkI vibhinna avasthAoMkA paricaya karAtA hai| vargakA lakSaNa karate hue kundakundAcAryane kahA hai - "zakti samUha lakSaNo varga:"3 zaktiyoM ke samUhako varga kahA jAtA hai / SaD dravyoMmeM sthita vibhinna zaktiyoMko anubhAga kahA jAtA hai / anubhAgake avibhAjya, antyAMzako avibhAga praticcheda kahA jAtA hai, jo jar3a aura cetana sabhI padArthoM ke guNoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| snigdhatva, rUkSatva Adi samAna guNoMko dhAraNa karane vAle paramANu eka hI jAtike hote haiN| eka hI jAtike samAna avibhAga praticchedoM ke samUhase eka varga banatA hai aura vargoM ke samUhase vargaNA banatI hai - "varga samUha lakSaNo vargaNA"5 saMkSepameM kahAjA sakatA hai ki samAna avibhAga praticcheda vAle paramANuoMke samUhako varga kahate haiM aura vargoM ke samUhako vargaNA kahate haiN| avibhAga praticchedoMkI hInAdhikatAke kAraNa vargaNAoMkI ananta zreNiyA~ ho jAtI haiM, kyoMki paramANuoMkI hAni-vRddhi ho jAne se vargaNAyeM apanI jAti badala kara dUsarI jAtikI vargaNAmeM pariNata ho sakatI haiN| jIva ke sarvaprakArake zarIroM aura sUkSma sthUla skandhoMkI upAdAna kAraNa rUpa pradhAna vargaNAyeM pAMca hI haiM - AhAraka vargaNA, taijasa vargaNA, bhASA vargaNA, manovargaNA aura kArmaNa vargaNA; ye pAMca vargaNAyeM hI grahaNa karane yogya aura vyavahArya haiN| ye pAMca vargaNAyeM hI sthUla hokara audArikAdi vibhinna zarIroMkA nirmANa karatI haiM / bAhyAbhyantara jagatkA samasta vistAra ina paMcavidha vargaNAoMke kAraNa hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| jaina darzanakI karmasiddhAnta saMbaMdhI samasta dhAraNAyeM ina vargaNAoM para hI avalambita 1. bandhe'dhiko pAriNAmikau ca, vahI, sUtra 37 2. snigdha rUkSatva pratyayabaMdhavazAdaneka paramANavekatva pariNati rUpa skandhAMtarito'pi svabhAvamaparityajannupAttasaMkhyatvAdekamevadravyamiti / paMcAstikAya, tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 81 - 3. samayasAra, AtmakhyAti, gAthA 52 4. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR0 211 samayasAra, AtmakhyAti, gAthA 52 6. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga III, pR0520 tattha aahaartejbhaassaamnnkmmiyvggnnaaoghnnpaaoggaao| SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 14, khaNDa 5, pR0 545 2010_03

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72 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana haiN| isIlie ina vargaNAoM kA vistRta vivecana Avazyaka hai| ka. AhAraka vargaNA AhAraka nAmakI prathama vargaNA audArika, vaikriyika aura AhAraka ina tIna prakArake.zarIroMkI nirmAtrI hai / ye tInoM zarIra, yadyapi uttarottara sUkSma haiM, parantu taijasa aura kArmANa zarIra kI apekSA ati sthUla haiM / sukhalAla saMghavI ne sthUla - sUkSmakI vivecanA karate hue kahA hai ki sthUla aura sUkSmakA artha hai, racanAkI zithilatA aura saghanatA / udAharaNArtha bhiMDIkI phalI aura hAthIke dA~ta donoM samAna AkArake hone para bhI bhiMDIkI racanA zithila hai aura dA~ta kI racanA Thosa arthAt saghana hai| audArika zarIra sabase adhika sthUla hai, vaikriyika usase sUkSma aura AhAraka zarIra ina sabase sUkSma hai| ___ AhAraka vargaNAkA prathama kArya audArika zarIrakA nirmANa karanA hai| udAra arthAt saba zarIroMse sthUla hone ke kAraNa hI ise audArika zarIra kahA jAtA hai| manuSya, pazu, pakSI aura kITa pataMgAdike zarIra isI koTi meM gine jAte haiN| ye paraspara eka dUsarese pratighAtita hote haiN| AhAraka vargaNAkA dUsarA kArya vaikriyika zarIrakA nirmANa karanA hai / yaha zarIra deva aura nArakiyoMko prApta hotA hai / vizeSa tapasyA dvArA prApta labdhi vizeSase vaikriyika zarIra manuSyoMko bhI prApta ho sakatA hai| eka, aneka, choTA, bar3A Adi nAnA prakArake zarIroMkA nirmANa karanA vikriyA hai, vikriyA prayojana hone ke kAraNa hI isa zarIrako vaikriyika zarIra kahA jAtA hai| yaha zarIra bhI yadyapi paramANuoMke saMyogase banatA hai, parantu vaikriyika zarIrake paramANuoMmeM jAtiyatAkI apekSA bheda hotA hai / yadyapi vaikriyika zarIrake paramANu sthUlatAkA ullaMghana nahIM kara pAte, parantu phira bhI audArika zarIrakI apekSA bahuta adhika sUkSma hote haiN| isI kAraNa siddhAntameM inakA kAryabhUta vaikriyika zarIra bhI audArika zarIra kI apekSA sUkSma mAnA gayA hai| 1. saMghavI sukhalAla, tatvArtha sUtra vivecanA, pR072 2. para para sUkSmam, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 37 3. NAma NirUttIe urAlamidi orAlie" SaTkhaNDAgama 14, sUtra 237, pR0 322 4. vaikriyakamaupapAdikaM labdhipratyayaM ca / tatvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 46,47 5. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 191 6. audArika sthUla tata: sUkSmam vaikriyikam, sarvAthasiddhi, pR0 192 2010_03

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pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM 73 AhAraka vargaNAkA tRtIya kArya AhAraka zarIrakA nirmANa karanA hai / yaha zarIra vaikriyika zarIrakI apekSA bhI adhika sUkSma hai| yaha zarIra jJAnI, vItarAgI tathA tapasvI yogiyoMko hI prApta hotA hai| isakI jAti eka viziSTa prakArakI hotI hai| isameM audArika zarIrakI bhA~ti rakta Adi sapta dhAtueM aura asthi carma Adi bhI nahIM hote / yaha zarIra zvetavarNa vAle, eka hastapramANa putaleke rUpameM munike mastakase pragaTa hotA hai, aisI jainoMkI mAnyatA hai| atyanta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa yaha kisI padArthakA vyAghAta nahIM karatA aura na hI anya se vyAghAtita hotA hai| vajrake samAna kaThora paTaloMmeM se bhI pAra hokara, yaha kaI lAkha yojana taka binA rUkAvaTake gamana karane meM samartha hotA hai / isa prakArake gamana ko "apratihata gamana" kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra AhAraka vargaNA eka hI jAtikI hote hue bhI uttarottara sUkSma tIna prakArake zarIroMkA nirmANa karatI hai, jo eka dUsarese vilakSaNa tathA vijAtIya hote haiN| kha. tejasa vargaNA dUsarI vargaNAkA nAma taijasa hai / isake dvArA taijasa zarIrakA nirmANa hotA hai, jo audArika, vaikriyika tathA AhAraka ina tInoMkI apekSA bhI adhika sUkSma hai| sUkSma honeke kAraNa yaha zarIra indriya gocara nahIM hotA, parantu audArika nAmaka sthUla zarIrameM yaha teja yA prabhA utpanna karatA hai| taijasa zabda lokameM agni nAmaka mahAbhUta ke lie prayoga hotA hai| agnikA hI anyatama rUpa ANavika visphoTa hai, jisake dvArA parvatoMko bhI vidAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| tejasa zarIrameM bhI yaha pralaMyakArI zakti vidyamAna hotI hai| zAstroM meM taijasa zarIrako do prakArakA kahA gayA hai - ani:saraNAtmaka aura ni:saraNAtmaka |ani:saraNAtmaka taijasa zarIra, audArika zarIrameM teja, kAnti athavA dIpti utpanna karatA hai, jaTharAgniko uttejita karatA hai aura bhukta annakA pAcana karatA hai| 1. tata: sUkSmaM AhAraka - sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 192 2. uttama aMgamhi have dhAduvihINaMsuhaM asaMhaNaNam / suhasaMThANaM dhavalaM hattha paramANaM pasatthudayam / gommaTasAra jIva kANDa/gAthA 237 3. nayAhAraka zarIreNAnyasya vyAghAto, nApyanyenAhArakasya, rAjavArtika pR0 152 4. aNeyajojaNalakkhagamaNakkhamaM apar3ihayagamaNam - SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA pustaka 4, khaNDa 1, pR028 5. tata: (AhArakAdapi) sUkSma taijasam / sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 192 6. teyappahaguNajutamidi taijaiyama / SaTakhaNDAgama 14, sUtra 240, pR0 327 . 7. jaMtamaNissaraNappayaM....vahI, pR0 328 2010_03

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74 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana nissaraNAtmaka taijasa zarIra, saMyamake nidhAnabhUta kisI muniko hI prApta hotA hai, asmad - yuSmad zabdoMse nirdiSTa hone vAle sAmAnya janako nhiiN| yaha prazasta tathA aprazastake bheda se do prakArakA hotA hai| prazasta taijasa zarIra ko lekara jo jIva dAyeM kandhese nikalatA hai vaha durbhikSa, vyAdhi, vedanA, upasarga Adike prazama dvArA saba prANiyoM ko tathA svayaM apaneko bhI sukha zAnti pradAna karatA hai aura aprazasta taijasa zarIra bAyeM kandhe se nikalakara sva tathA parake aniSTakA kAraNa hotA hai| taijasa zarIrake uparokta lakSaNoMse cAra mukhya viziSTatAoMkA dyotana hotA hai - yaha prakAzamayI hotA hai, pracaNDa uSNatA ko dhAraNa kiye hotA hai, pralayakArI zakti aura amRtasAvI zItalatA, donoM zaktiyoMko dhAraNa kiye hotA hai| pArthiva agnimeM yadyapi prakAza, uSNatA tathA pralayakI tIna zaktiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM, parantu amRtasAvI zItalatA nahIM hotI / agnikI bhA~ti sUryameM bhI ye tInoM zaktiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM / amRtasrAvI zakti candramAmeM dekhI jA sakatI hai| jainoM dvArA mAnya isa taijasa zarIrakI tulanA vidyuta zakti se kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki vidyutase Azraya lene para prakAza, phrIjakA Azraya lene para zItalatA, hITara AdikA Azraya lene para uSNatA aura visphoTaka padArthoM kA Azraya lene para pralayaMkArI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai| ga. bhASAvargaNA tIsarI vargaNAkA nAma bhASA vargaNA hai / parasparameM saMzliSTa hue bhASA varga ke paramANu bhASAke nirmANameM hetu hote haiM / bhASA do prakArakI hotI hai -sAkSara aura anakSara / ' vyavahAra bhUmi para prasiddha hamAre isa kaNTha dvArase jo dhvani nikalatI hai vaha sAkSara hotI hai aura jaina mAnya divya dhvani, Dhola, bherI, nagAr3A, megha garjanA Adi aura dvIndriyase lekara asaMjJI paMcendriya paryanta jIvoMke mukhase utpanna huI bhASA tathA bAlaka aura mUka manuSyoMkI bhASA anakSarAtmaka hotI hai / bhASAke ye vibhinna rUpa bhASA vargaNA ke hI kArya haiN| sukha lAla saMghavIne tattvArtha sUtra vivecanA meM kahA hai ki jaina mAnya zabda meM vaizeSika, naiyAyika Adi darzanoM ke samAna koI guNa nahIM hai, apitu bhASA vargaNAke pudgaloMkA eka viziSTa prakAra kA pariNAma 1. tejA sarIraM duvihaM pasatthamapasatthaM cedi, SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA 7, bhAga 2, pR0 300 2. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 2, pR0 394 3. bhASA lakSaNo dvividha: sAkSaro'nakSarazceti, sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 294 2010_03

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pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM 75 hai / ' yadyapi bhASA zabda sunakara prAya: akSara, zabda, vAkya Adike sammilita svarUpakA grahaNa hotA hai, parantu yahA~ isakA artha vaha sAmAnya dhvani hai, jo akSara, zabda, vAkya AdimeM sarvatra anugata hai / svara tathA vyaMjanakA samUha tathA unake yogase utpanna zabda va vAkya Adi svayaM sattAdhArI nahIM hai / ye saba dhvanike upAdhikRta kArya athavA pariNAma haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne inheM pudgala kI paryAya kahA hai | jainakI eka vizeSa mAnyatA hai ki sarvakarmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para, kevalajJAna hone ke pazcAt, arhat devake sarvAMgase eka vicitra garjanA rUpa oMkAra dhvani nikalatI hai / bhagavAnakI icchA na hote hue bhI bhavya jIvoMke kalyANake lie yaha dhvani sahaja hI nikalatI hai, isameM tAlu, danta, auSTha tathA kaNThake hilane rUpa koI vyApAra nahIM hotA / yaha vANI saba prANiyoMkA hita karane vAlI tathA varNa vinyAsa rahita hotI hai / " yaha vANI prANiyoMkA ajJAna dUra karake unheM tattvabodha karAne vAlI hotI hai / saba prakArakI upAdhiyoMse rahita hone ke kAraNa hI yaha megha garjana athavA ghaMTA ninAda jaisI hotI hai| isa prakAra bhASA vargaNA, AhAraka vargaNA jaisI sthUla nahIM hai, apitu apanI hI jAtikA eka viziSTa skandha hai jo AhAraka vargaNAse sUkSmatara hai / manovargaNA gha. bhASA vargaNAse bhI sUkSma caturtha vargaNAkA nAma manovargaNA hai / bhASA vargaNAke pArasparika saMzleSase, isa zarIrameM "mana" nAmaka sUkSma zarIrakI racanA hotI hai | Agamake ullekhAnusAra - hRdayasthala para aSTadala kamalake AkAra vAlI eka vizeSa prakArakI racanA hai, jo manovargaNAke skandhoMse utpanna hotI hai| zarIrakA aMga hone ke kAraNa isa racanAko " dravyamana" kahA jAtA hai / 7 netra, zrotra Adi kI bhA~ti yaha bhI yadyapi eka indriya hai, parantu netrAdikI bhA~ti pratyakSa na honeke 1. tattvArtha sUtra vivecanA, pR0 129 2. pravacanasAra, gAthA 132 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga do, pR0 429 4. edAsiM bhAsANaM tAluvadaMtoTThakaMThavAvAraM / parihariyaM ekkakAlaM bhavvajaNANaMdarabhAso | tiloepaNNati, adhikAra, 1, gAthA 62 5. " yatsarvAtmahitaM na varNa sahitaM" paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti, gAthA 1 6. mahApurANa, sarga 23, zloka 69 7. hidi hodihu davvamaNaM viyasiya aTThacchadAraviMdaM vA / aMgovaMgudayAdo maNAvaggaNakhaMdado NiyamA // gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 443 2010_03

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76 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana kAraNa yaha anindriya yA ISat indriya kahalAtI hai| manake sakala kArya Abhyantara hI hote haiM, unake lie netrAdi indriyoM kA Azraya nahIM lenA par3atA, isIlie isa manako "antargatakaraNa" athavA "antaSkaraNa" bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa mana yA anta:karaNako anekavidha vikalpa jAla rUpa mAnA gayA hai| jaina mAnya manakI tulanA sAMkhya mAnya manase kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki sAMkhya darzanameM bhI isa vicitra indriyako saMkalpa vikalpAtmaka mAnA gayA hai|" yadyapi manako anindriya kahA gayA hai, parantu saba indriyA~ isIkI ceSTAse hI ceSTAzIla haiM / indriya janita samasta jJAna aura kriyAeM manake dvArA hI cAlita hotI haiM, isIlie manako indriyoMkA rAjA bhI kahA jAtA hai| manake isa svarUpa para se isakI kAraNabhUtA manovargaNAke svarUpakA smaSTa anumAna kiyAjAsakatA hai, kyoMki kAraNake guNahI kAryameM abhivyakta huA karate haiN| yaha vargaNA jahAM dhvanyAtmaka spandana kA Azraya hai, vahA~ saMkalpa, vikalpa, guNa, doSa, vicAra aurasmaraNAdikAryakarane ke lie bhIsamartha hai|' isaprakAra yaha vargaNAsUkSmatAkekSetrameM Age baDhatI huI, paudgalika hote hue bhI jIvAtmAke Azrayase cetanavata pratIta hone lagatI hai| Da. kArmaNa vargaNA antameM kArmaNa nAmakI usa vargaNAkA ullekha prApta hotA hai, jo karmasiddhAntakA mUla hai| prasaMgavaza isake kAryabhUta karma zabdakA ullekha pahale kaI bAra ho cukA hai aura agrima adhyAyoMmeM isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| mana, vacana aura kAyake dvArA jIvAtmAkI karmacetanA jo kucha bhI vicAratI hai, bolatI hai athavA ceSTA karatI hai vaha saba usakA karma kahalAtA hai| kartRtva yukta honeke kAraNa hI use karma cetanA kahA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha cetanAvat pratIta avazya hotI hai, parantu yathArthameM kAmaNa vargaNAse utpanna honeke kAraNa paudgalika hI hai kyoMki isa vargaNAke pudgala skandha karmoM ke yogya hote haiM aura rAgadveSAdi 1. NoiMdiyatti saNNA tassa have......gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAyA 444 2. indriyAnapekSatvAccakSurAdivat bahiranupalabdhezca antargate - karaNamanta: krnnmityucyte| sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 109 3. nAnA vikalpajAla rUpa mnobhnnyte| vRhadadravya saMgraha, gAthA 12, pR0 30 4. saMkalpakamindriyaM ca, saukhyakArikA, ne0 27 / 5. "yugapajjJAnakriyAnutpalimanaso hetu:* rAjavArtika, pR057 6. savArthasiddhi, pR0 109 7. pazcanirdiSTa- adhyAya 4,5 8. svehApUrveSTAniSTa vikalparUpeNa vizeSa rAgadveSa pariNamanaM ; karmacetanA, vRhadadravyasaMgraha, (gAthA 15) 9. jainedra siddhAnta koza, bhAga tIna, pR0 521 2010_03

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pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM 77 pariNAmoM ke nimitta se utpanna hote haiN| dhavalAmeM kahA gayA hai ki "karmaNi bhava vA kArmaNaM karmaiva vA kArmaNamiti kArmaNazabda vyutpte:"|' karmameM honA athavA karmarUpahonA hI kArmaNa zabdakA vyutpatti artha hai| manovargaNA nAmaka caturtha vargaNA yadyapi atyadhika sUkSma ho jAtI hai, parantu kArmaNa vargaNAkI isa paMcama zreNIko prApta ho jAne para yaha sUkSmatA, carama sImAko prApta ho jAtI hai| yahAM Akara yaha bauddhamAnya Alaya vijJAna ora manovijJAnikoMkI upacetanAke samAna ho jAtI hai, jo jIvake dvArA kiye gaye samasta karmoM ke samasta saMskAroMko apane meM dhAraNa karane meM samartha hai| samasta saMskAroMko dhAraNa karane vAlA kArmaNavargaNAkA kAryabhUta kArmaNa zarIra, sthUla zarIrake chUTa jAnepara bhI jIvake sAtha bhava bhavAntarameM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| kArmaNa vargaNAoMke pArasparika saMzleSase utpanna yaha sUkSma zarIra, sthUla zarIrase kSIranIrakI bhA~ti eka rUpa rahatA hai, parantu sUkSma honeke kAraNa dRSTipathameM nahIM aataa| yadyapi taijasa zarIra bhI sUkSma hai aura sthUla zarIrameM ekarUpa hokara rahatA hai, parantu kArmaNa zarIra taijasa zarIrase adhika sUkSma hai|' kArmaNa vargaNA rUpa, rasa, gandha vAle paramANuoMkA kArya hone ke kAraNa mUrta, sAkAra aura paudgalika hote hue bhI indriyagocara tathA apratighAtI honeke kAraNa amUrta nirAkAra aura apaudgalika pratIta hotI hai / yadyapi paudgalikatva, mUrtatva aura sAkAratvakA isa vargaNAmeM pratyakSa kiyA jAnA saMbhava nahIM hai parantu mUrta viSayoM dvArA phalabhoga kiye jAneke kAraNa isakA jJAna, anumAna pramANase yA Agama pramANase kiyA jA sakatA hai| kArmaNazarIra jIvoMke samasta AgAmI karmoM kA prarohaka, AdhAra tathA utpAdaka hai aura trikAlagocara samasta sukha tathA du:kha kA bIja hai| yadyapi yaha zarIra dRSTipatha meM nahIM AtA, parantu isake binA audArika zarIrakA koI mUlya nahIM hai| mRtyuke samaya bAharakA yaha sthUla zarIra jIvase pRthak ho jAtA hai, parantu kArmaNa zarIra anAdi kAlase, bhava bhavAntarameM bhI sadA jIvake sAtha hI jAtA hai| yaha kArmaNa zarIra, usa samaya taka jIvase pRthak nahIM hotA, jaba taka jIva svayaM 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA 14, khaNDa 5, pR0 328 2. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga eka, pR075 3 tejasAt kArmaNaM sUkSmamiti-sarvArthasiddhi,pR0 37 4. apratighAte, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 40 5. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 19 6. savvakammANa parUhaNuppAdayaM suhRdukkhANaM bIjamidi-SaTakhaNDAgama 14, sUtra 241 ___ 2010_03

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78 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana sAdhanAke dvArA kokA vinAza nahIM kara detA / karmavargaNAoMkA jIvase pRthak ho jAnA hI karmoM kA vinAza hai / taijasa zarIra bhI eka sahAyakake rUpameM sadA isake sAtha rahatA hai| paralokayAtrAmeM ye donoM zarIra hI anAdikAlajIvake sAtha rahate Aye haiM aura sabhI saMsArI jIvoMke hote haiM / ' kArmaNa zarIrakA kArya jIvoMke saMskAroMko dhAraNa karanA hai aura taijasa zarIrakA kArya audArika Adi zarIroMmeM ceSTA tathA sphUrti utpanna karanA hai / uparokta sarva lakSaNoM ke AdhArapara yaha nizcita rUpase kahA jA sakatA hai ki kArmaNa zarIra tathA isakI yonibhUtA kArmaNa vargaNAkA svarUpa atyadhika vilakSaNa aura sUkSma hai / mana-vacana-kAyase manuSya jo kucha bhI kArya karatA hai, usake samasta saMskAra citta bhUmipara aMkita hote jAte haiN| ina saMskAroMke aMtima aMza "saMskArANu" kahalAte haiM jinakA Age vibhAga saMbhava nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra bhautika paramANuoMke saMzleSase bhautika sthUla zarIra banate haiM, usI prakAra saMskArANuoMke saMzleSase sUkSma zarIra banatA hai, jise yahA~ kArmaNa zarIra kahA gayA hai / yaha zarIra jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha prakArake karma skandhoMkA samUha hai / 14. kArmaNa zarIrakA zodha yadyapi kArmaNa zarIrake svarUpakA zodha kArya nagaNya tulya hai, parantu phira bhI isa viSayameM jo vicAranAyeM upalabdha haiM, unheM isa prakAra prastuta kiyA jA sakatA yadyapi yaha jar3a hai, parantu sarvathA jar3ana hokara jar3a tathA karmacetanAke madhyameM sthita koI aisI vastu hai, jisameM donoMke aMza vidyamAna haiN| jisa prakAra do vibhinna dhAtuoMke padArthoM ko paraspara vailDa karane para unakI madhyavartI sandhimeM eka aisI dhAtu bana jAtI hai, jisameM donoM ke aMza vidyamAna hote haiM, yadi aisA na ho to donoM dhAtueM parasparameM bandhanako prApta nahIM ho sakatI, isI prakAra sthUla zarIra aura karmacetanAke madhyameM sthita kArmaNa zarIrameM, bhautika tathA cidAbhAsI donoMke tattvAMza vidyamAna haiM, yadi aisA na hotA, to bAharakA yaha pArthiva zarIra, cidAbhAsI cetanA athavA karmacetanAke sAtha bandhanako prApta nahIM hotaa| zarIra tathA jIvake bandhanameM hetu dete hue AcAryone jIvake samasta audayika tathA 1. anAdi saMbaMdhe ca, sarvasya, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 41-42 2. gommaTasAra jIva kANDa, gAthA 141 3. jaina khUbacanda, epIpa ina Tu jainijama, 1973, pR0 199 2010_03

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pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM kSAyopazamika bhAvoMko arthAt kASAyika aura vaikalpika jagat ko kathaMcit paudgalika tathA mUrtIka svIkAra kiyA hai, parantu yaha paudgalikatva rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza vAle pudgala jaisA nahIM hai / kArmaNa zarIra vAlA yaha pudgala, vaha madhyavartI dhAtu hai, jo rUpa, rasa, gandha vAle jar3a pudgalako rUpa, rasa, gandha vihIna cidAbhAsI pudgalake sAtha saMyukta karatI hai / isa prakAra jar3a paramANu aura cidAbhAsI saMskArANu donoM ke saMzleSase banA kArmaNa zarIra vilakSaNa hai, jisameM kisI na kisI rUpameM donoMke aMzoMkA sparza pAyA jAtA hai| kArmaNa vargaNAoMse nirmita kArmaNa zarIrakI tulanA sAMkhya mAnya sUkSma zarIrase kI jA sakatI hai| kArmaNa zarIrakA upAdAna kAraNa pudgala aura nimitta kAraNa AtmAko mAnA gayA hai| pudgala dravya acetana hokara bhI karmabaddha saMsArI jIvAtmAke saMsargase, karmarUpameM pariNata hokara cetanake sadRza hI vyavahAra karatA hai| sAMkhyamata meM sUkSma zarIra purUSAdhitiSThita hokara manuSya, deva, tithaMca rUpa bhUtasargakA nirmANa karatA hai| jainamatAnusAra AtmA svayaM manuSya, pazu, deva aura nAraka rUpa nahIM hai, apitu AtmAdhitiSThita kArmaNa zarIra bhinna bhinna yauniyoMmeM jAkara manuSya, deva, nAraka ityAdi rUpoMkA nirmANa karatA hai, kyoMki punarjanmake cakrako gatizIla rakhane vAle mUlabhUta bIja kArmaNazarIrameM hI hote haiM, jo vibhinna jIvoMmeM vibhinna prakArakI kriyAoMke anusAra bhinna-bhinna hote haiM / isI vibhinnatAke AdhArapara hI kArmaNa zarIrase bane sthUla zarIroMmeM vibhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / kArmaNa zarIra samasta pUrva karmoM kA phala dene vAle sUkSma pudgala paramANuoMkA puMja hotA hai / yaha AtmAkI pUrNa jJAna zaktiko AvRtta karatA hai aura Ananda svarUpako vikRta kara krodhAdimeM pariNata karatA hai| jinendra varNIne kArmaNavargaNAoMko Tepase upamita kiyA hai, jisa para vaktAoMke vividha bhASaNa, gIta tathA saMgIta aMkita ho jAte haiN| Tepa ko A~khoMse dekhane para vaha eka plAsTikakI paTTI mAtra dikhAI detI hai, usake Upara jo vizeSapadArtha lipta hotA hai, vaha hameM dikhAI nahIM detaa| isI prakAra audArika zarIra to hameM dikhAI detA hai, parantu usameM lipta kArmaNa vargaNAoMse banA zarIra dikhAI nahIM detaa| 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga tIna, pR0 327 2. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha, AtmamImAMsA, 1953, pR0 105 3. sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA na. 40 4. jaina khUbacanda, epIpa ina Tu jainiz2ama pR0 198 5. jaina ratanalAla, Atma rahasya, 1961, pR095 6. karma rahasya, pR0 119 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta - eka adhyayana! manase, vacanase athavA kAyase hama jo kucha bhI acchA yA burA vicArate haiN| acchA yA burA bolate haiM athavA acchA yA burA karate haiM, ve jyoMke tyoM kArma zarIrapara TeparikArDarakI bhA~ti aMkita ho jAte haiM / yahI cittakA vaha akSayako bana jAtA hai jise upacetanA bhI kahA jAtA hai / 80 jisa prakAra mazIna mAdhyamase hama Tepapara aMkita jyoMkA tyoM saba kucha suna sakate haiM, usI prakAra vizeSa kAla prApta hone para mana, vacana, kAya mAdhyama se, kArmaNa vargaNAoMpara aMkita saba kucha jyoM kA tyoM anubhava kara sakate haiN| jaisA saMskAra usa para aMkita hotA hai, vaisA hI manake dvArA hama vicArate haiN| vacana ke dvArA hama bolate haiM aura zarIrake dvArA vaisA hI kArya hama karate haiN| jaisa jJAnendriyoM ke dvArA jAnate haiM, vaisA hI karmendriyoMke dvArA karate haiM aura anta:karaNa ke dvArA bhogate haiM / isa prakAra jJAtRtva, kartRtva aura bhoktRtvakA vAhaka tatha paricAlaka kArmaNa zarIra hI hai / sUkSmatA ke kAraNa yadyapi yaha dRSTipathameM nahIM AtA, parantu karmake kSetrama isakA mahatva sarvopari hai| jar3a hote hue bhI Tepa ke samAna mana-vacana-kAyaka saMskAroM ko grahaNa kara lene ke kAraNa cetanavat pratIta hotA hai / 15. paMcavidha zarIroMkA tulanAtmaka vivecana 1 jainadarzanAnusAra uparokta paMcavidha vargaNAoMse pAMca zarIroMkA nirmANa mAnA gayA hai - audArika, vaikriyika, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmaNa / pahale spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki audArika zarIra sabase sthUla hotA hai / audArika se sUkSma vaikriyika, vaikriyikase sUkSma AhAraka, AhArakase sUkSma taijasa aura kArmaNazarI sabase sUkSma hotA hai / manuSya va tiryaJcoMkA sthUla aura dRSTigata zarIra audArika hotA hai / deva aura nArakiyoMkA zarIra janmase hI vaikriyika hotA hai, parantu manuSyoM ko yaha zarIra vizeSa tapasyAke balase hI prApta ho sakatA hai / AhArava zarIra vizeSa tapasviyoMko kevala manuSyagatimeM hI prApta honA saMbhava hai aura taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra sabhI saMsArI jIvoMko prApta hai| aMtima donoM zarIroMkA saMbaMdha sabhI saMsArI jIvoMke sAtha nitya hI rahatA hai, sthUla zarIrake chUTane para bhI yaha zarIra jIvake sAtha hI rahatA hai| ye donoM zarIra pratighAta rahita hote haiM / inakI gatimeM 1. audArika, vaikriyikAhAraka taijasakArmaNAni zarIrANi tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya, 2, sUtra 36 2. aupapAdikaM vaikriyikam, labdhi pratyayaMca, tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2, sUtra 46, 47 3. zubhaMvizuddhamavyAdhAti cAhArakaM pramattasaMyatasyaiva, vahI, sUtra 49 4. pUrva nirdiSTa, vargaNAyeM / 2010_03

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84 pudgala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM kisI bhI prakArase bAdhA saMbhava nahIM hai / yaha spaSTIkaraNa kArmaNa aura taijasa vargaNAmeM nirdiSTa kiyA jA cukA hai| __ jainamAnya paMca zarIroM meM se sthUla zarIrake rUpameM audArika zarIra aura sUkSma zarIrake rUpa meM kArmaNa zarIrako to prAya: sabhI darzanoMmeM kisI na kisI rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai, parantu taijasa zarIrakA ullekha, anya darzanoMmeM jainoMkI taraha pRthaka rUpase nahIM kiyA gyaa| taijasako pratibhA aura ojake rUpameM prAya: sabhI darzanoMne svIkAra kiyA hai / vedAntameM bhI audArika, kArmaNa aura taijasa zarIroMko mAnA gayA hai| vedAntameM audArikako sthUla zarIra kahA hai, jo sabhI jIvoMke prApta hotA hai aura kArmaNa aura taijasa nAmaka zarIrako sUkSma zarIra kahA hai jo saMsAra cakrameM ghUmate hue jIvake sAtha nitya rahatA hai / AgAmI zarIrake bIja sUkSma zarIrameM hI saMcita rahate haiN| jaina mAnya audArika zarIrako vedAnta, sAMkhya aura nyAyavaizeSikAdi sabhI darzanoM meM sthUla zarIra kahA gayA hai, vyakta hone ke kAraNa isa zarIrako "vyakta" saMjJA bhI dI gaI hai| sUkSma tathA avyakta hone ke kAraNa kArmaNa zarIrako "avyakta" yA sUkSma zarIra kahA jAtA hai, anya zarIroMkA kAraNa hone ke kAraNa isa zarIrako kAraNa zarIra aura liD0 zarIra bhI kahA jAtA hai / jainamAnya ina dI zarIroMkA sAMkhyAdi darzanoMse nimna prakAra tulanAtmaka avalokana kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1. jisa prakAra jaina darzanameM audArika zarIrako kArmaNa zarIrase bhinna mAnA gayA hai, usI prakAra sAMkhya darzanameM bhI sUkSma zarIra ko sthUla zarIrase bhinna mAnA gayA hai| jaina matAnusAra yadyapi donoM zarIra paudgalika haiM, parantu audArika zarIrakA nirmANa AhAraka nAmakI vargaNAoMse aura kArmaNa zarIrakA nirmANa kArmaNa nAmakI vargaNAoMse hotA hai / sAMkhyadarzana meM bhI donoM zarIroMkA kAraNa pRthak-pRthak mAnA hai / sAMkhyane ekako mAtRpita janya aura dUsaroM ko tanmAtrika kahA hai| 3. jaina matAnusAra audArika zarIra matyuke samaya chuTa jAtA hai aura janmake samaya puna: navIna utpanna ho jAtA hai, parantu kArmaNa zarIra mRtyuke samaya 1. jaina, khUbacanda, e pIpa ina Tu jainiz2ama, 1973,pR0 198 2. sAMkhyakArikA, naM0 39 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jIvake sAtha hI gamana karatA hai / ' sAMkhyamatAnusAra bhI sthUla zarIra chUTatA rahatA hai aura navIna utpanna hotA rahatA hai, parantu sUkSma zarIra jIvake sAtha eka sthAnase dUsare sthAnapara gati karatA rahatA hai / 2 jaina darzanAnusAra anAdikAlase saMbaddha kArmaNa zarIra mokSake samaya pRthaka ho jAtA hai, sAMkhya matameM bhI mokSake samaya sUkSma zarIra jIvase pRthak ho jAtA hai| jaina darzanameM kArmaNa zarIrako upabhoga rahita mAnA gayA hai, isI prakAra sAMkhya darzanameM bhI sUkSma zarIrako upabhoga rahita kahA gayA hai / ' arthAt audArika zarIra indriyoM ke dvArA bhoga karatA hai, parantu antakA sUkSma yA kArmaNa zarIra, indriyoMke dvArA bhoga karane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| 6. sAMkhyameM sUkSma zarIrako jainoMke samAna hI avyAhata gati vAlA mAnA gayA hai / sAMkhya mAnya prakRti, acetana hote hue bhI, purUSa saMsargake kAraNa, cetanake samAna vyavahAra karatI hai, isI prakAra jaina mAnya pudgala dravya acetana hote hue bhI AtmasaMsargase karma rUpameM pariNata hokara cetana sadRza hI pratIta hote haiN| jaina darzanAnusAra moha, rAga, dveSAdi bhAvoMkA nimitta pAkara paudgalika dravya kArmaNa zarIrake rUpameM AtmAke sAtha saMbaMdhita ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra bhAvoM va kArmaNazarIrameM yadyapi sAMkhyake samAna bIjAMkuravat kArya-kAraNa bhAva hai, parantu sAMkhyake samAna, jaina darzanameM rAgAdi bhAvako kevala prakRtikA nahIM mAnA apitu unakA upAdAna kAraNa jIvako aura nimitta kAraNa pudgalako mAnA hai, kyoMki jaina darzanameM jIvako sAMkhya darzanake samAna kUTastha nahIM mAnA, vaha saMsAra avasthAmeM rAgadveSAdi bhAvoMke rUpameM pariNamana karatA rahatA hai / kArmaNa zarIrakA upAdAna kAraNa pudgala hI hai| jaina mAnya rAgadveSAdi bhAvoMko sAMkhya mAnya pratyaya sargameM samAviSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| avigrahagatau karmayogaH, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 25 2. sAMkhya kArikA,40 3. sAMkhya kArikA 44, DaoN0 brajamohana caturvedI, anurAdhA vyAkhyA 1969 pR0 153 4. nirUpabhogamantyam, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 45 . 5. saMsarati nirUpabhogama, sAMkhyakArikA, 40 6. AtmamImAMsA, pR0 104 2010_03

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gala dravya aura pudgala kI sUkSma sthUla avasthAyeM 83 isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina mAnya pA~ca zarIra, AhAraka Adi vargaNAoM kA kArya hai| jaina darzanameM cartugati meM bhramaNa karane vAle samasta jIvoM ke zarIroM kI vizeSatAoMkA jaisA sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai, vaisA kisI anya darzanameM nahIM kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi sthUla aura sUkSma zarIroM kA vivecana prAya: sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM prApta hotA hai, parantu anya zarIroM kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| sUkSma zarIrakA vizleSaNa sAMkhya darzanameM atisUkSmatAse kiyA gayA hai, isI kAraNa jaina mAnya kArmaNa zarIrakI sAMkhya mAnya sUkSma zarIrase atyadhika samAnatA hai, parantu jaina darzanameM kArmaNa zarIrakA jitanA vistRta, sAMgopAMga aura sUkSmatAse varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaisA anya kisI bhI darzanameM prApta nahIM hotA / karma siddhAnta viSayaka sabhI vicAraNAyeM kArmaNa zarIrapara hI avalambita haiM / karma kI vividha avasthAyeM, karmabandhake kAraNa, bandhake bheda prabheda aura karma muktike sopAna, ina sabhImeM kArmaNa zarIrakA mahatva sarvopari hai / vastuta: kArmaNa zarIra ina sabakI AdhArazilA hai / niSkarSa pud galakA yaha siddhAnta jaina karmasiddhAntakA mUla hai| pudgala paramANuoMke samUhase vargaNAoMkA aura vargaNAoMse zarIroMkA nirmANa hotA hai / aneka janmoM meM vibhinna zarIroMke dvArA hI jIva acche yA bure karmoM ko bhogatA rahatA hai | zarIroM meM karmaNa zarIra sabase sUkSma aura anya zarIroMkA kAraNa hai / isI kAraNa isako banAne vAle paramANu bhI sUkSmatama mAne gaye haiM / AtmA anAdikAlase ina karma samUhoM se bandhI huI hai / ina karmoM se chuTakArA honA hI AtmAkI mukti hai / DaoN0 gopInAtha kavirAjane pudgalake viSayameM apane vicAra pragaTa karate hue likhA hai - " cArvAkako chor3akara hindu, bauddha, aura jaina sabhI darzanoM meM bhautikatAke siddhAntako eka burAI ke rUpameM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura isake bandhanase chuTakArA dilAne kA pakSa liyA hai|" jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI ke anusAra sAMkhya, yoga aura vedAnta meM karma ko kevala paudgalika mAnA hai / bauddha darzanameM karma ko kevala Atmika svIkAra kiyA hai, parantu jaina darzanAnusAra dravya karma ko sUkSma pudgaloMkA mAnA jAtA hai, jo rAgadveSAdi bhAva karmoM kA nimitta pAkara jIvake sAtha saMbaddha hote haiM / isa prakAra 1. ke0ke0 mittala, maiTeriyaliz2ama ina iMDiyana thaoNTa, pR0 2 2. Wordly existence means bondage of both spirit and Matter. Tatia Nath mal, studies in Jaina Philosphy, p. 228. Jain cultural Research Society Banaras, 2010_03

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84 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana dravya karma se bhAva karma aura bhAva karma se dravyakarma kA anAdi kAlIna cakra cala rahA uparokta vivecanase spaSTa hai ki jaina mAnya pudgalakA karma siddhAntake kSetrameM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / jIvase saMyukta, karmaphala dene vAlI zaktiko dhAraNa karane vAle, pudgalake paramANu, atyanta sUkSma haiM jo manuSyakI mRtyuke samaya bhautika sthUla zarIrake pRthaka hone para bhI, netroMse adRSTa hokara AtmAke sAthasAtha eka gatise dUsarI gatimeM cale jAte haiM / ye paramANu paudgalika hote hue bhI itane sUkSma haiM ki gharakI dIvAra, chata AdimeM bhI praveza karake saralatApUrvaka AtmAke sAthahI nikala jAte haiM / ye sUkSma paramANu saMsArI AtmAke sAtha pratyeka avasthAmeM nIra kSIrake samAna eka hokara rahate haiN| karmaphala denekI zaktise yukta, sUkSma paramANuoM ke samUhako hI sUkSma zarIra yA kArmaNa zarIra* kahA jAtA hai / manuSyako jaba usake pUrva karma kA phala mila jAtA hai, to usa karma se saMbaMdhita paramANu karmaphala dene kI zaktise vihIna hokara sAdhAraNa paramANu jaise ho jAte haiM aura inakA saMbaMdha kArmaNa zarIrase chUTa jAtA hai| navIna karma karane se navIna sUkSma paramANu pUrvase vidyamAna kArmaNa zarIrameM praveza karake, karma saMjJAko prApta kara lete haiM aura unameM karmAnusAra phala denekI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra pUrvakarmoM ke phala bhogase karmaparamANu karmabaddha AtmAse chUTate rahate haiM aura navIna kamoM ke upArjanase sUkSma paramANu kArmaNa zarIra aura AtmAse athavA karmabaddha AtmAse ekakSetrAvagAha hote rahate haiM / isa prakAra saMsArI jIva sUkSma pudgaloM ke saMyogase puna: - puna: karmabandhake cakrameM phaMsA rahatA hai| ye paudgalika karma jIvake sAtha kisa kAraNase saMyukta hote haiM ? kisa rUpameM rahate haiM aura kisa prakAra ghaTate bar3hate rahate haiM isakA spaSTIkaraNa agima adhyAyoMmeM kiyA jAnA hai| 2010_03

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caturtha adhyAya karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM - 2. kammattaNeNa ekkaM davvaM bhAvotti hodi duvihaM tu| poggala piMDo davvaM tatsattI bhAvakammaM tu|| baMdhukkaDr3haNakaraNaM saMkamamokaDDhudIraNA sattaM / udayuvasAmaNidhatti NikAcaNA hoti par3ipayar3I / / (gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 6,437) 1. karmakA svarUpa zrI jinendravarNIne kozameM karmakA sAmAnya paricaya dete hue kahA hai -- karma zabdake aneka artha haiM, una sabako tIna bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA haikarmakAraka, kriyA aura jIvake sAtha bandhane vAle vizeSa jAtike pudgala skandha / ' vyAkaraNa zAstra meM karma kArakako karma kahA jAtA hai jise kartA apanI kriyA ke dvArA prApta karanA cAhatA hai / pANinIne aSTAdhyAyI meM kahA hai - "karturIpsitatamaM karma" / sadhAraNatayA karma zabdakA artha "kriyA" samajhA jAtA hai / khAnA, pInA, sonA, calanA Adi vibhinna kriyAyeM karmakI dyotaka haiM, vibhinna vyavasAyoMke arthameM bhI karma zabdakA prayoga hotA hai| nyAya zAstrameM utkSepaNa, apakSepaNa, AkuMcana, prasAraNa aura gamana rUpa pAMca sAMketika kriyAoMmeM karma zabdakA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| paurANika paramparAmeM vrata, niyama Adi dhArmika kriyAyeM karma rUpa mAnI jAtI haiN| tIsare prakArake karmakA nirUpaNa kevala jaina siddhAntameM hI kiyA gayA hai| jIva mana, vacana aura kAyake dvArA jo kriyAyeM karatA hai, unase prabhAvita hokara, eka vizeSa jAtike sUkSma pudgala skandha jIvake sAtha ba~dha jAte haiN| ba~dhako prApta 1. jinendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga, do pR0 25 2. aSTAdhyAyI, adhyAya 1, pAda 4, sUtra 49 3. tarkabhASA, pR0 244, sarvodayapresa jattIvAr3A meraTha, san 1976 4. pUrva nirdiSTa. adhyAya tIna (karmagrahaNayogyA: pudgalA :- sUkSmA: na sthUlA:) sarvArthasiddhi pR0402 2010_03

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86 jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta- eka adhyayana ye paudgalika skandha hI karma saMjJAko prApta karate haiM / daridra, zrImAna, sabala, nirbala AdikI viSamatAe~ bhI karma ke astitvako siddha karatI haiN| karma granthameM kahA gayA hai ki vibhinna hetuoMse, jIva karma yogya pudgala dravyako Atma pradezoMse bA~dha letA hai| Atmasambaddha pud gala dravyako hI karma kahate haiM / pratyeka prANIkA vartamAnameM apanA nijI vyaktitva hotA hai, jo ki dUsare se bhinna hotA hai / yaha vibhinnatA pUrva saMcita karma ke pariNAma svarUpa utpanna hotI hai, vibhinnatAkA yaha siddhAnta hI karmasiddhAnta kahalAtA hai / karma vaha sUkSma pudgala hai, jise pratyeka jIvita prANI apanI vyaktigata preraka zaktiyoM ke kAraNa AkarSita karatA rahatA hai, na kevala AkarSita karatA hai, apitu apane meM nIra kSIrake samAna ekIbhUta bhI kara letA hai| jIvake sAtha ekIbhUta ho jAne para ye karma jIvakI vyaktigata vizeSatAoM meM parivartana kara detA hai isa prakAra yaha eka prakArakA saMcita zaktiyoM kA koza bana jAtA hai| yaha koza ghar3ImeM dI gaI cAbIkI taraha hotA hai, jo pratikSaNa svayaM vyaya hotA rahatA hai, ghar3IkI cAbI kI taraha vyaya avazya hotA hai parantu karma pratikSaNa punaH saMgrahita bhI hotA rahatA hai / Ara0 gAMdhIne jaina darzana mAnya karmakI uparokta yathArthatAko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki karmako yadyapi hama A~khoM se dekha nahIM sakate, parantu karma kI sattA vaisI hI yathArtha hai, jaise hamAre cAroM orakI bhittiyA~ yathArtha haiM / " yaha siddhAnta kevala manuSyoM para hI ghaTita nahIM hotA apitu sabhI prakArake choTe bar3e jIvita prANiyoM para bhI ghaTita hotA hai / " pratyeka vaha AtmA jo mukta nahIM huA hai arthAt pratyeka saMsArI jIva karmake isa cakrase bandhA huA hai / karma siddhAntako samajhe binA jaina darzanakA koI bhI anya siddhAnta yathArtha rUpameM spaSTa nahIM ho sakatA / 1 2. tulanAtmaka paricaya cArvAka ko chor3akara jaina darzanakI bhA~ti hI nyAya, vaizeSika, bauddha, vedAnta Adi vibhinna darzanoMmeM bhI karma siddhAntako svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, tathApi jainadarzanakI karma viSayaka dhAraNA anya darzanoMse sarvathA pRthak hai / ata: tulanAtmaka 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga do, pR0 25 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 2, pR0 2 3. kIraI jIeNa heUhiM jeNaM tu bhaNNae kammaM, devendrasuri, karmagrantha, prathama bhAga, gAthA 1 4. Karama is according to the Jain Philosophy a reality, as real as the Walls around us are, only the walls, walls we see, but Karma one cannot see. Gandhi Virchand R., 'The Karma Philosophy' P.3. Devchand Lal bhai Pustakoddhar Fund, bombay Ibid p. 3. 5 2010_03

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karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM 87 dRSTise anya sabhI darzanoMke karma siddhAnta para pRthak pRthak vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai - (ka.) nyAya vaizeSika se tulanA nyAyavaizeSika darzanameM karmako "adRSTa" kahA gayA hai| dharma va adharma rUpa kriyAoM kA jo saMskAra AtmApara par3atA hai vahI "adRSTa" hai / vizvakI samasta vastueM yahA~ taka ki paramANu bhI adRSTase prabhAvita hote haiN|' isa adRSTakA phala Izvarake mAdhyama se prApta hotA hai / jainoMke matAnusAra pudgala dravya anAdikAlase vidyamAna hai / mana, vacana, kAyakI kriyAoMke dvArA pudgalameM eka vizeSa prakArakA saMskAra utpanna hotA hai, jisase pudgala karma rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / yaha saMskAra pudgala dravyase abhinna hai, isIlie karmako bhI paudgalika kahA jAtA hai / naiyAyikoMne bhI saMskArako acetana kahA hai, kyoMki naiyAyikoM ke matAnusAra AtmA hI cetana hai, usake guNa cetana nahIM haiN| isa dRSTise jaina mAnya karma aura nyAya mAnya saMskArameM samAnatA hai / parantu nyAyavaizeSikoMke anusAra adRSTakA phala Izvarake mAdhyama se prApta hotA hai, jabaki jaina matAnusAra jIva svayaM karmakA karttA hai aura usakA phala bhI usIke anusAra svayaM bhogatA hai / karmaphalakI vyavasthAmeM jaina kisI IzvarIya zaktike niyaMtraNako svIkAra nahIM karatA / 3 (kha.) mImAMsA darzanase tulanA anya dArzanika jise karma, saMskAra, yogyatA, sAmarthya yA zakti kahate haiM, use mImAMsA darzanameM apUrva nAmase kahA gayA hai / apUrvakI utpatti vedavihita karmase hotI hai / yaha apUrva jainoMke bhAva karmake samAna hai / mImAMsAke anusAra karmasiddhAnta svacAlita hai| ise saMcAlita karaneke lie IzvarakI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| mImAMsAkA yaha siddhAnta jaina mAnya karmasiddhAntase samAnatA rakhatA hai / (ga) yoga darzanase tulanA yogadarzana meM saMskArako vAsanA, karma yA apUrva bhI kahA gayA hai / avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa aura abhiniveza ina pAMca karma aura karma se pAMca kleza, isa prakArake kAryakAraNa bhAvako, bIjAD0kurakI taraha anAdi mAnA hai / jainoMne bhI 1. sinhA harendra, bhAratIya darzanakI rUparekhA, pR0 16 } 2. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, Atma mImAMsA, pR0 100 3. jinendravarNI, karma siddhAnta, pR0 3 4. harendra sinhA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 16 2010_03

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88 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana isI prakAra mana, vacana, kAyakI kriyAse karma aura karmase puna: mana vacana kAyakI kriyAko bIjAMkurakI taraha anAdi mAnA hai / parantu karmoM ke svarUpakI dRSTise donoM matoMmeM bhinnatA hai| dalasukhamAlavaNiyAne jaina darzanase yogakA antara spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki yoga darzanameM kleza aura karmakA saMbaMdha AtmAse nahIM mAnA gayA, ise anta:karaNa prakRtikA pariNAma yA vikAra kahA gayA hai, parantu jaina mAnyatAnusAra saMsArI jIvake sAtha hI karma ke saMbaMdhako mAnA gayA hai / (gha.) sAMkhya darzanase tulanA sAMkhya darzanakA karmasiddhAnta yadyapi jaina darzanase samAnatA rakhatA hai. parantu sAMkhya darzanane purUSako kUTastha mAnA hai aura karmako prakRtikA vikAra mAnA hai / acetana prakRtiko hI karma tathA karmaphalakA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / prapati svaMya hI karmabandhanameM baMdhatI hai aura svayaM hI karmabandhanase mukta bhI ho jAtI hai / DaoN0 hiriyaNNAke anusAra prakRti purUSako bandhanameM kevala jakar3atI hI nahIM hai apitu usase mukta bhI karatI hai| parantu jaina darzanane karmako kevala jar3a pudgalakA nahIM mAnA apitu jIva aura pudgalake saMyogakA pariNAma kahA hai / jaina darzanake anusAra anAdikAlase jIva kose baMdhA huA hai / yaha karmabaddha jIva hI apane bhAva karmase nitya dravya karmoM kA saMcaya karatA rahatA hai / rAgadveSa rUpa Abhyantara pariNAma bhAvakarma haiM aura usake dvArA jo sUkSma pudgaloM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai, vahI jIvake sAtha baddha hokara dravyakarmakI saMjJAko prApta karate haiN| yaha dravyakarma puna: bhAvakarmakA nimitta kAraNa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra saMsArakI sattAkA artha hai, jIva aura pudgala donoMkA bandhanako prApta hai| jAnA aura muktikA artha hai, donoMkA bandhanase mukta ho jAnA / karma vAstavarma AtmA aura pudgalake madhyakA saMbaMdha hai, jo sAMsArika avasthAke anta taka banA rahatA hai| (0) vedAnta darzanase tulanA vedAntakA mAyAvAda bhI jaina mAnya karma siddhAntakA sthAna nahIM le sakatA yadyapi vedAntane vizvavaicitryakA kAraNa mAyAko hI mAnA hai aura jainoMne bhI saMsArakI vividhatAkA kAraNa karmako hI mAnA hai, parantu vedAntamAnya mAyA aura jaina mAnya karmake svarUpameM bheda hai / mAyA sat aura asatse atIta au 1. Atma mImAMsA, pR0 102 2. sAMkhyakArikA, 62 3. hiriyannA, bhAratIya darzanakI rUparekhA, pR0 270 4. TaoNTiyAnathamala, sTaDIz2a ina jaina philAsaphI, pR0 228 2010_03

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89 karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM anivarcanIya hai / parantu jainamAnya karma jIva aura pudgala donoM dravyoM ke viziSTa saMyogase utpanna hotA hai / dravyako jaina darzanameM sattAtmaka mAnA gayA hai / 2. (ca.) bauddhadarzanase tulanA __bauddha dArzanikoM kA yaha mata hai ki jo karma manuSya karatA hai, usa karmake anusAra hI saMskAra par3a jAte haiN| manuSyako pUrvakRta karmoM kA phala ina saMskAroM ke kAraNa hI milatA hai / AtmArAmane bauddhake karmasiddhAntakA, unake hI kSaNikavAda dvArA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki kSaNikavAdake kAraNa AtmAmeM karmakartRtva aura bhoktRtvakI vyavasthA ghaTita nahIM ho sktii| nathamala TaoNTiyAne bhI bauddha mAnya karmase jaina mAnya karmakI vibhinnatA darzAte hue kahA hai ki bauddha darzanake anusAra karmakA saMbaMdha kevala cetanAse hai, parantu jaina darzanane karmakA saMbaMdha jIva aura pudgala donoMse hI mAnA hai|' bauddha karmako sUkSma pudgalake rUpameM svIkAra nahIM karate / ' buddhane kahA hai "cetanA hI karma hai aisA maiM kahatA hUM"6 yahA~ cetanA ko Arambha kI dRSTi se kahA hai kyoMki sabhI karmoM kA prArambha cetanA se hI hotA hai| (cha.) pAzcAtya darzanoMse tulanA . IsAI aura islAmI darzanoMne bhI karmako svIkAra kiyA hai / puNya karmakA phala svarga prApti aura pApa karma kA phala naraka prApti batAyA hai, parantu ina darzanoMne karmaphala dene ke lie eka IzvarakI sattAko mAnA hai, jo nyAyake dina AtmAoM ko unake puNya athavA pApa karmoM ke anusAra sadA ke lie svarga yA narakameM bheja detA hai| jaina darzana karmaphala dene ke lie isa prakArakI kisI bhI IzvarIya sattAko nahIM mAnatA / jainoM ne svarga aura narakako, puNya pApakA phala avazya mAnA hai, parantu phalabhogake pazcAt jIva svayaM vahA~se dUsarI yonimeM calA jAtA hai| uparokta tulanAtmaka adhyayanase spaSTa hai ki sAMkhya, nyAyavaizeSika, mImAMsA, bauddha, vedAnta Adi sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMne tathA IsAI islAmI Adi pAzcAtya darzanoMne karmakI sattAko jaina darzanake samAna hI kisI na kisI rUpameM 1. sadasadbhyAmanirvacanIyaM vedAntasAra, khaNDa 6 2. tatvArthasUtra, 5.1.2,3 3. AtmArAma, jaina tatva kalikA, SaSTha kalikA, pR0146 4. TaoNTiyA nathamala, sTaDIja, ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR0 228 y. Buddhist do not regard the Karma as subtle matter, Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics, Vol. VII P. 472. 6. aMguttaranikAya- uddhRta - bauddhadarzana aura anya bhAratIya darzana - pR0 463 7. ratanalAla, Atmarahasya. 10106 2010_03

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90 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana svIkAra avazya kiyA hai aura usake puNya pApa rUpa phalako bhI mAnA hai parantu karmake svarUpapara vicAra karane para spaSTa hai ki jaina darzanameM karmakA jo svarUpa nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai, vaisA svarUpa anya kisI bhI darzanane nahIM mAnA hai / jaina darzanane karmaphalako dene vAle kisI cetana vyakti yA Izvarako bhI nahIM mAnA hai| prANiyoMko karmoM ke anusAra phala svayaM milatA rahatA hai / yaha eka svAbhAvika vyavasthA hai, isameM kisI IzvarakI AvazyakatAko jainoMne nahIM maanaa| - jaina darzanameM karmake bheda prabhedakA jaisA sUkSma aura vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaisA vistRta tathA sUkSma varNana anya kisI bhI darzanameM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzanameM karmake dravyAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka donoM pakSoMko grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / paudgalika saMbaMdha, dravyAtmaka pakSakA poSaka hai aura jIva bhAvAtmaka pakSakA poSaka hai| isa vidhise dravya tathA bhAva rUpa karmakA pratipAdana anya darzanoMmeM nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra vividha dRSTiyoMse jaina darzanake karmakI anya darzanoM ke karmase vibhinnatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| 3. karma, jagat kA sRSTA hai jainadarzana mAnya karmake svarUpase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zarIrAdi bhautika jagat aura rAgadveSAdi bhAva jagat kI sRSTi karane vAle, jIvake svakRta karma hI haiN| karmakA kartA svayaM apane karmoM kA anugamana karatA hai| isI kAraNa jaina darzanameM karmako jagat kA sRSTA bhI kaha diyA gayA hai, kyoMki jainamatameM karmoM ke anusAra phala prApta karane meM kisI anya sattA athavA Izvarake hastakSepakA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura gItA dvArA mAnya avatAravAda' ko bhI jaina darzana svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jagat meM jo viSamatA dRSTigocara hotI hai, yaha Izvara kRta nahIM hai apitu jIvake apane karmoM ke pariNAma svarUpa hI hai| jisa prakArakA acchA yA burA karma hotA hai usI prakArakA phala prApta hotA hai| karmoM kI viSamatAoMke kAraNa hI prANiyoMkI deha, buddhi AdikI viSamatAyeM dRSTigocara hotI haiM / jaina darzanake isa matako aravindane bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / aravinda AzramakI saMcAlikA mA~ ne apane bhaktoMko uttara dete hue kahA bhI hai - "bhagavAna bhaktoMko usa taraha nahIM dekha sakate jaise manuSya dekhate haiM aura na hI unheM daNDa dene yA 1. kattAramevAnuyAtikarma, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 13, 23 2. bhagavadgItA, 4.8 3. zrImatI sTIvanasana, harTa oNpha jainiz2ama, pR0 175 4. jIvA puggalakAyA annnnonnnnaagaaddhghnnpddibddhaa| kAle vijujjamAnA suhadukkhaM diti bhujati // paMcAstikAya gAthA 67 2010_03

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karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM 91 puraskAra dene kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / vastuta: svayaM kAryoM ke andara hI unake pratiphala aura pariNAma nihita hote haiM / ' isa prakAra uparokta kathanase yaha nizcita hai ki jaina darzanameM karmakI vyAkhyA isa DhaMga se kI gaI hai ki Izvara, brahma, vidhAtA, daiva aura purAkRtakarma, saba karma rUpI brahmA ke payAryavAcaka ho gae haiM / 4. dravya karma aura bhAvakarma jaina paramparAmeM karmakA, kevala kriyA rUpa hI mAnya nahIM hai, apitu kriyA dvArA AtmAke saMsarga meM AnevAle eka vizeSa jAtike sUkSma pudgalako bhI dravya karmake rUpameM mAnA hai| isa prakAra jaina darzanameM karma ke do rUpa mAne gaye. -bhAva karma aura dravya karma / jIvakI kriyA bhAva karma hai aura usakA phala dravya karma hai / karmakI I jIvase saMbaMdhita kriyA bhAvAtmaka hone ke kAraNa "bhAvakarma" kahalAtI hai aura karmakI paudgalika avasthA dravyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa " dravyakarma" kahalAtI hai| bhAva karma jIvake upayoga rUpa hotA hai| moha rAga aura dveSako bhAva karma kahA jAtA hai / (inakA vistAra cAritra mohanIyake prakaraNa meM kiyA jAyegA ) pudgala vargaNAoMke pArasparika bandhase jo skandha banate haiM, ve dravya karma haiN| ye dravya karma, vargaNA bhedase pAMca prakArake kahe gaye haiM / (dekhiye adhyAya 3) inase hI sthUla aura sUkSma zarIroMkA nirmANa hotA hai / jIvakA yoga yA pradeza parispandana, dravyakarma aura bhAva karmake madhyakI sandhi hai / " ina donoMmeM paraspara kArya kAraNa saMbaMdha hai / bhAva karma kAraNa aura dravya karma kArya hai parantu dravya karmake abhAvameM bhAvakarmakI bhI niSpatti nahIM hotI, isI kAraNa dravyakarma bhI bhAva karmakA kAraNa hai| murgI aura aNDe ke samAna bhAva karma aura dravya karmakA kArya kAraNa bhAva anAdise hI hai / " yaha saMbaMdha kahA~se prArambha huA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai, kyoMki jaina matAnusAra jIva aura pudgalakA saMbaMdha anAdi kAlase hai| TaoNTiyAke anusAra yaha eka dRDha yathArtha hai, jise anya sabhI darzanoMne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| karmoMkI anAdikAlIna sattA ko anya darzanoMkI bhA~ti 1. purodhA, disambara 1978, pR0 18, aravinda sosAITI, pAMDIcerI 2. mahApurANa, 4.37 3. Apta parIkSA, zloka 113-114 4. karma siddhAnta, pR0 47 san 1981 5. Atma mImAMsA, pR0 96 6. sTaDIja ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR0 227 * 2010_03

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92 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana jaina darzanameM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi santatike dRSTikoNase bhAvakarmaaura dravyakarmakA kArya kAraNa bhAva anAdi hai, parantu vyaktiza: vicAra karane para, kisI eka dravya karmakA kAraNa, eka bhAvakarma hI hotA hai| apane rAga dveSa rUpa pariNAmoM ke kAraNa hI jIva, dravyakarmake bandhanameM baddha hotA hai aura usIke phalasvarUpa saMsArameM paribhramaNa karatA hai| dalasukha mAlavaNiyAne donoMke kArya kAraNa aura nimitta naimittika saMbaMdha kA nirUpaNa karate hue spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki- jaise ghaTa ko banAne meM miTTI upAdAna kAraNa aura kumhAra nimitta kAraNa hai, isI prakAra dravyakarmakA upAdAna kAraNa pudgala aura nimitta kAraNa bhAva karma hai / jaise yadi kumhAra na ho to miTTI svayaM ghaTa rUpameM pariNata nahIM ho sakatI, usI prakAra yadi bhAva karma na ho to pudgala dravyakarmameM parivartita nahIM ho sakatA / isI prakAra dravyakarma bhI bhAva karmakA nimittakAraNa hai| isa prakAra dravyakarma aura bhAva karmakA kAryakAraNa bhAva nimitta naimittika rUpa haiM / 2 yadyapi jIva aura karmakA saMbaMdha anAdi hai aura kArya kAraNa rUpase yaha cakra calatA rahatA hai, parantu vizeSa abhyAsa aura Atmika zaktise isa cakrako rokA jA sakatA hai| dravyakarma aura bhAvakarmakA kAryakAraNa saMbaMdha anAdi hote hue bhI ananta nahIM hai| jaise khAnase nikale sone meM, sone aura miTTIkA saMbaMdha anAdi kAlase hai, parantu AgameM tapAnese usa anAdi saMbaMdhakA viccheda ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jaba jIva, nirantara abhyAsa dvArA, bhAvakoM para niyaMtraNa kara letA hai, taba dravyakarma tathA bhAvakoM kA yaha anAdi pravAha ruka jAtA hai| Agama pramANa se siddha hai ki aneka AtmAoMne jJAna, dhyAna, tapa AdikI vividha sAdhanAoMke dvArA isa anAdisaMbaMdhakA viccheda kiyA hai| isI kAraNa dravya karma tathA bhAvakarmakA saMbaMdha anAdi hote hue bhI sAnta hai| uparokta kathanakA sArAMza yaha hai ki jIvake yoga arthAt mana vacana kAyakI kriyA mAtrase karmazakti utpanna nahIM hotI, apitu jIvake upayoga arthAt rAga, dveSa, moha Adi pariNAmoMse samIpavartI sUkSma paramANuoMkA AkarSaNa hotA hai, jisase ve jIvake samparkameM Akara karma rUpameM pariNata ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra rAgadveSAdi pariNAma rUpa bhAvakarmase dravyakarma utpanna hote haiM / yadi mana, vacana, kAyakI kriyA, bhAva nirapekSa ho to dravyakarmakA saMcaya nahIM hotaa| jainamAnya arhanta avasthA jise anya darzanoMmeM jIvanamukta avasthA kahA gayA hai, aisI hI 1. paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArdha, zloka 55 2. Atma mImAMsA, pR097 3. "kammamalavippamukko" paMcAstikAya, gAthA 28 2010_03

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karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM 93. avasthA hai, jisameM dravya karma aura bhAva karmakI avicchinnaM dhArAko roka diyA gayA hai / 5. karma kI vividha avasthAyeM jaina karma siddhAnta karmakI vividha avasthAoMkA ati sUkSma varNana kiyA gayA hai / saiddhAntika bhASAmeM ina avasthAoMko 'karaNa' kahA jAtA hai| jainendra siddhAnta kozarme karaNakI paribhASA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki, "jIvake zubha azubha Adi pariNAmoMkI karaNa saMjJA hai / ' guNoMkI avasthAko "pariNAma" kahA jAtA hai / yaha pratikSaNa pariNamanazIla rahatA hai / AtmAke pariNAmoM ko saMjJA denekA kAraNa batalAte hue dhavalAkArane kahA hai ki 'jIvake zubha-azubha pariNAma hI karmoM kI vividha avasthAoM kA mUla kAraNa hai,' isIlie sAdhakatama bhAvakI vivakSAmeM bhI pariNAmoMko 'karaNa' kahA jAtA hai / nathamala TaoNTiyAne kahA hai ki kriyAoMkI vibhinnatA kA kAraNa, jIvakI vIrya arthAt UrjA zaktikI hInAdhikatA hai / isa vibhinnatAke kAraNa hI karmapudgaloM kI vibhinna avasthAyeM ho jAtI haiM, jinheM jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM 'karaNa' kahA jAtA hai / " karaNa dasa hote haiM - bandha, udaya, satva, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa, upazama, udIraNA, nidhatta aura nikAcita / ye dasa karaNa pratyeka karma prakRtimeM hote haiM / ' karmake vizeSa svabhAvako prakRti kahate haiM, jinakA vistAra karmabandha adhi kArameM kiyA jAyegA / yahA~ kramazaH dasa karaNoM kA pRthak-pRthak vivaraNa denA iSTa hai | (1) bandhakaraNa sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMmeM karma bandhake saMsaraNako eka Avazyaka siddhAntake rUpameM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jJAna, dhyAna aura tapa rUpa samasta sAdhanAyeM, isa bandhanase muktike lie hI kI jAtI haiN| bandhanake svarUpake viSayameM jaina darzanakI apanI viziSTa vicAranA hai| isa vicAranA ke anusAra AtmAke sAtha sUkSma 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga do, pR0 4 2. pariNAmo'vasthA, paMcAdhyAyI, pUrvArdha, zloka 117 3. SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA 6 / 1 pR0 217 4. sTaDIjaz2a ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR0 254 5. baMdhukkaDDhaNakaraNa saMkamamokaddudIraNA sattaM / udayuvasAmaNidhattI NikAcaNA hoMti par3ipayar3I | gommaTasAra, karmakANDa gAthA 437 2010_03

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94 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana jAtike karmapudagaloMkA nIra kSIrake samAna athavA lohAgnike samAna eka ho jAnA hI bandha hai / rAjavArtika ke anusAra-"AtmakarmaNoranyonya pravezalakSaNo bandha:"1 arthAt jaise lohe aura agnikA eka hI kSetra hai aura nIra tathA kSIra milakara eka kSetrAvagAhI ho jAte haiM usI prakAra AtmAke sAtha bandhako prApta hokara, sUkSma pudgala eka kSetrAvagAhI ho jAte haiM / jIvake eka-eka pradeza para karmoM ke ananta pradeza, atyanta saghana aura pragADha rUpase avasthita hokara rahate . zrI jitendra varNI ne bandhake saMzleSa saMbaMdhakI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki bandhako prApta mUla padArtha, bhale hI ve jar3a hoM yA cetana apane zuddha svarUpase cyuta hokara eka vijAtIya rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiN| apane kathanako spaSTa karate hue unhoMne AksIjana aura hAIDrojanakA udAharaNa diyA hai / AksIjana aura hAIDrojana donoM hI gaiseM agniko bhar3akAne kI zakti rakhatI haiM, parantu paraspara bandhako prApta ho jAne para jalakA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI haiN| donoM gaiseM saMzleSa saMbaMdhako prApta hokara, yadyapi vijAtIya rUpa dhAraNa kara letI haiM, parantu vastuke svAbhAvika guNa usa avasthA meM bhI naSTa nahIM hote avyakta yA tirobhUta avazya ho jAte haiM jinheM puna: vyakta yA AvirbhUta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise prayoga vizeSa dvArA jalako puna: AksIjana aura hAIDrojanameM badalA jA sakatA hai, vaise hI AtmA aura karmakA saMzleSa saMbaMdha yadyapi vijAtIya ho jAtA hai parantu isa bandha avasthAmeM bhI jIva aura pudgalake guNa tirohita bhale hI ho jAte haiM, parantu naSTa nahIM hote| jIva karmapudgaloMkA grahaNa kyoM karatA hai ? isake uttarameM kahA jA sakatA he ki jIva anAdi kAlase hI karmase saMbaMdhita hai, jaise khAnase nikale svarNa aura pASANakA saMbaMdha anAdi kAlase hai usI prakAra jIva aura karmakA saMbaMdha bhI anAdikAlase hai / anAdikAlase karma baddhajIva hI rAgadveSAdi bhAva karmoM ke kAraNa dravya karma rUpa sUkSma pudgaloMko grahaNa karatA hai - 1. rAjavArtika, pR026 2. jIvapaesekkakke kammapaesAha aNtprihiinnaa| hoti ghaNaNiviDabhUosaMbadho hoi nnaayvvo| karma prakRti, gAthA 22 3. jinendra varNI, karma siddhAnta, pR0 37 4. kanakopale malamiva svarNapASANe svarNapASANayoH / saMbaMdhasya anAdiriva "gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIvatattvapradIpikA, gAthA 2 2010_03

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karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM "sakaSAyatvAjjIva: karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdattesa:bandha:" arthAt rAgadveSAdi kaSAya rUpa pariNatike kAraNa hI jIva karmayogya sUkSma pudgaloMko grahaNa karatA hai| dalasukha mAlavaNiyAne isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki jisa samaya jIva rAgadveSa yukta hotA hai, usI samaya jIva pradezoM ke sAtha Ane vAle paramANu, karma saMjJAko prApta karate haiM, isase pUrva ve paramANu karma hone ke yogya kahalAte haiN| muktAvasthAmeM jIvameM rAgadveSAdi bhAva nahIM hote, isIlie mukta jIvoMkA pudgala paramANuoMse saMyoga hote hue bhI vaha saMyoga bandhakI koTimeM nahIM AtA 2 ata: jIva ke kASAyika bhAva hI pudgaloMko grahaNa karane meM kAraNa haiM / isa prakAra grahaNa kiye gae pudgala AtmAke sAtha ekIbhAvako prApta ho jAte haiM / dAsa guptane isa saMbaMdhakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra tailAkta zarIrase dhUla cipaka jAtI hai, usI prakAra rAgadveSayukta jIvake samasta bhAgoMmeM karmadravya lipta ho jAtA hai| isa prakArake bandhako dravya bandha kahate haiN|' dUsare zabdoMmeM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAoMse, AtmA cumbakake samAna, paudgalika karma dravya ko AkarSita karatA hai| AtmAmeM pravezakara yaha karma dravya AtmAke guNoM ko AcchAdita kara detA hai| ka. amUrta jIvase mUrta karmoM kA saMbaMdha kaise pudgalake vivecanase spaSTa hai ki karma pudgala rUpa hone ke kAraNa mUrtika haiM aura jIvako jaina darzanameM amUrtika kahA gayA hai / mUrta agni aura jalakA amUrta AkAzapara jisa prakAra prabhAva nahIM par3atA, usI prakAra mUrta karmoMkA amUrta jIva para prabhAva nahIM par3anA cAhie parantu amUrta jIva para mUrta karmoM kA prabhAva spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai / isakA samAdhAna karate hue karmasiddhAnta marmajJoMne kahA hai ki jJAna AtmAkA guNa honeke kAraNa amUrta hai, parantu madirA sevana kara lenese AtmAkA jJAna guNa lupta ho jAtA hai| amUrta guNoMpara mUrta madirAkA prabhAva jisa prakAra spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai, usI prakAra amUrta jIvase mUrta karmoM kA saMbaMdha bhI saMbhava hai| 1. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 2. 2. AtmamImAMsA, pR062 3. ekIbhAva gata iva mayA ya: svayaM karmabandho vAdirAja AcArya, ekIbhAvastotra, zloka 1 4. dAsa gupta, bhAratIya darzanakA itihAsa, pR0 203 5. "kammAdapadesANaM aNNoNNapavesaNaM idaro", dravya saMgraha gAthA 32 6. dAsa gupta, bhAratIya darzanakA itihAsa, pR0 203 7. jaina tattva kalikA, SaSTha kalikA, pR0 155 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana mUrta amUrta ke saMbaMdha meM dUsarA hetu yaha bhI diyA jA sakatA hai ki jaina darzanameM jIvakI zuddhAvasthAko yadyapi amUrta mAnA gayA hai, parantu saMsArAvasthAmeM bhramaNa karate hue jIvako anAdikAlase hI karmoM se baddha mAnA gayA hai|' karma AtmAko svarNa para lage mai lakI bhA~ti AcchAdita kara lete haiN| isa apekSAse saMsArI jIvako mUrta bhI kahA jAtA hai / saMsArI jIvoMke mUrtatvakA kAraNa karma hai, kyoMki karma se lipta mUrta saMsArI jIvoM se hI, punaH punaH mUrta karmoM kA saMbaMdha hotA hai / karmase mukta amUrta siddhajIvoM meM, tIna kAlameM bhI karmoM kA saMbaMdha honA saMbhava nahIM hai / karmabandha anAdi kAlase hai - 1 kha. 96 jIva tathA karmakA yaha bandha kabase huA ? isa para sabhI darzanakAroM ne vicAra kiyA hai aura ekamatase yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki jIva aura karmakA yaha bandha anAdikAlase calA A rahA hai| dalasukha mAlavaNiyAne vibhinna matoM kA vivaraNa dete hue AtmamImAMsAmeM kahA hai ki zaMkarAcAryane brahma aura mAyAkA saMbaMdha anAdi mAnA hai, rAmAnujane bhI jIvako anAdikAlase hI baddha svIkAra kiyA hai, nimbArka aura mAdhvAcAryane bhI karma ke kAraNa jIvakA saMsAra mAnA hai aura karmako anAdi mAnA hai / vallabhake matAnusAra jisa prakAra brahma anAdi hai, usI prakAra usakA kArya jIva bhI anAdi hai / ata: jIva tathA avidyA kA saMbaMdha bhI anAdi hai / " sAMkhya matAnusAra bhI prakRti aura purUSakA saMyoga hI baMdha hai aura vaha anAdikAlase calA A rahA hai| prakRtise utpanna liMgazarIra anAdi hai aura yaha anAdi kAlase hI purUSake sAtha saMbaddha hai / " isI prakAra yogadarzanAnusAra bhI dRSTA purUSa aura dRzya prakRtikA saMyoga anAdikAlIna hai aura vahI bandha hai / 1 jaina darzanameM bhI jIva aura karma ke saMbaMdhako anAdi mAnA gayA hai / yaha saMbaMdha kaise huA, kahAMse prArambha huA aura kisane kiyA, yaha prazna AkAza puSpa kI taraha vyartha hai -- tathAnAdi svato bandho jIva pudgala karmaNoH kutaH kena kRtaH kutra prazno'yaM vyomapuSpavat // 7 1. jIvakarmaNoranAdi saMbaMdha ityuktaM bhavati / sarvArtha siddhi, pR0 377 2. saMsArAvatthAe jIvANamamuttattAbhAvAdo. SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA pustaka 13, khaNDa 5, pR0 11 3. jIvassa muttataNibaMdhaNakammAbhAve tajjanidamuttattassa vitattha abhAveNa siddhANanamamuttabhAva siddhIdo, vahI, pR0 11 4. AtmamImAMsA, pR0 63 5. sAMkhyakArikA, 52 6. yogadarzana, 2. 17 7. paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArdha, zloka 55 2010_03

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karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM 97 jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jIva aura karmakA saMbaMdha anAdi hai, taba isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki paramparAse anAdi hai| anAdikAlase jIva karmase saMyukta hai| jIva pUrvakarmoM ko bhogakara jIrNa karatA rahatA hai aura rAga dveSake kAraNa navIna koMkA upArjana karatA rahatA hai| jaba taka prANIke pUrvopArjita samasta karma naSTa nahIM ho jAte aura navIna karmoM kA Agamana ruka nahIM jAtA taba taka karmabandhakI anAdikAlIna paramparAkA viccheda nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra pitA aura putrakA anAdi saMbaMdha hotA hai, bIja aura vRkSakA anAdi saMbaMdha hotA hai usI prakAra karma aura AtmAkA anAdi saMbaMdha hotA hai, isameM pahale pIche kA prazna nahIM hai| isIlie karmasiddhAnta marmajJoMne AtmA evaM karmake saMbaMdhako anAdi mAnA hai yathA'nAdi: sa jIvAtmA, yathA'nAdizca pudgala: / dvayorbandho'pyanAdi: syAt saMbaMdho jIva karmaNoH / / jIva anAdikAlase hai, pudgala bhI anAdikAlase hai aura jIva aura pudgalakA baMdha bhI anAdi kAlase hI hai| jIvane karma utpanna nahIM kiye haiM aura karmane jIvako utpanna nahIM kiyA, kyoMki ina donoMkA Adi hI nahIM hai / yadi donoMmeM se eka ko bhI Adi mAnA jAtA taba to kisI prakAra se eka se dUsarekI utpatti saMbhava thI, parantu donoMmeM paraspara janya janaka bhAva nahIM hai ata: donoM hI anAdi kAlase jIvake sAtha baddha haiN|2 ga. karmabandha anAdi hote hue bhI sAnta hai - karmoM ke pravAha rUpa samaSTikI dRSTi se jIvoMko anAdikAlase hI karmabaddhakahA gayA hai, vyaSTigata karmoM kI apekSA pUrvabaddha karma pRthak hote jAte haiM aura agrima koMkA jIvake sAtha bandha hotA jAtA hai / isa prakAra anAdikAlase jIva aura karmakA saMbaMdha calA A rahA hai, parantu yaha saMbaMdha anAdi hote hue bhI ananta nahIM hai, jIvake anAdikAlIna saMbaMdhakA viccheda kiyA jA sakatA hai, isalie yaha saMbaMdha anAdi hote hue bhI sAnta hai / siddhoMmeM isa anAdikAlIna saMbaMdhakA viccheda AgamapramANase siddha hai / gha. karma siddhAntameM dravyabaMdhakI pradhAvatA yaha bandha tIna prakArakA hotA hai -- jIva bandha, ajIva bandha aura ubhaya bandha / saMsAra va dhana Adi bAhya bhautika padArthoM ke sAtha jIvako bAMdha dene ke 1. paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArdha, zloka 35 2 jIvaheM kamma aNAijiya jaNiyara kammaNa tenn| kammejIu vi jaNiuNa vi dohiM vi AiNa teNa // paramAtma prakAza, adhikAra 1, gAthA 59 3. SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 13, khaNDa 5, pR0 11 / 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana kAraNa, mithyAtva rAgAdi pratyaya jIvabandha yA bhAva bandha kahalAte haiN|' skandha nirmANake kAraNabhUta paramANuoMkA pArasparika bandha, ajIva bandha yA pudgala bandha kahalAtA hai / jIvake pradezoMke sAtha karma pradezoMkA ekakSetrAvagAha ho jAnA ubhaya bandha yA dravya bandha hai / yadyapi inameM bhAvabandha hI pradhAna hai, kyoMki isake binA karmoM kA jIvake sAtha bandha honA saMbhava nahIM hai, parantu prastuta zodhameM karmako pradhAna mAnakara bandhakA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai, isa kAraNa yahAM sarvatra dravya bandhako hI pradhAna mAnakara pratipAdana karanA iSTa hai / bandhake kAraNa tathA usake bheda prabhedoMkA kathana agrima adhyAya meM kiyA jAyegA / yahA~ kevala dasa karaNake rUpameM bandha karaNakA sAmAnya paricaya diyA gayA hai / (2) * udayakaraNa karmoM ke vipAka arthAt phalonmukha avasthAko "udaya" kahate haiN| pUrva saMcita karma jaba apanA phala detA hai, to usa avasthAko jaina karmasiddhAntakI bhASAmeM udaya kahA gayA hai / jIvake pUrvakRta zubha yA azubha karma cittabhUmi para sadA aMkita rahate haiN| ve saba apane-apane samaya para paripakva dazAko prApta hokara jIvako phala dekara naSTa ho jAte haiN| karmake udayameM jIvake pariNAma usa karmaprakRtike anusAra hI ho jAte haiN| karmokA yaha udaya - dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI apekSA rakhakara hI hotA hai| yaha udaya savipAka aura avipAkake bhedase do prakArakA hotA hai| udaya kramase paripAka kAlako prApta hone vAlA "savipAka udaya" kahalAtA hai| vipAka kAlase pahale hI tapAdi viziSTa kriyAoMke dvArA karmoM ko phalonmukha avasthAmeM le AnA "avipAka udaya kahalAtA hai / (jaise Ama kaTahala Adiko kriyA vizeSake dvArA pakA lete haiN|) karma prakRtiyoM kI apekSA bhI udaya "svamukhodaya aura paramukhodaya" ke 1. yastu jIvasyaupAdhika moharAgadveSaparyAyarekatva pariNAma: sa kevala jIvabandhaH" pravacanasAra, tattvapradIpikA, pR0 177 2. dotiNNi - Adi paumgalANajosamavAo sopoggalabaMdhoNAma, SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA,13/5, pR0347 3. jIvakarmoMbhayobandha: syAnmitha: sAbhilASukaH / jIva karma nibaddho hi jIvabaddhaM hi karma tat / / paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArdha, zloka 104 4. udayo vipAkaH / sarvArthasiddhiH, pR0 332 5. kammavasA khalu jIvA: / samaNasutte, gAthA 61 6. paMcasaMgraha, prAkRta, adhikAra 1 gAthA 513 7. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 399 2010_03

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99 karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM I bhedase do prakArakA hai / jo prakRti apanI prakRti rUpa hokara hI udayameM AtI hai, use svamukhodaya kahate haiM - jaise krodhakA krodha rUpameM hI udaya honA / parantu kabhI kabhI kisI vizeSa svArtha ke kAraNa krodha, krodha rUpameM hI udayameM na Akara mAna yA mAyA rUpase bhI udayameM A jAtA hai / isa prakAra saMkramita hokara udayameM Aneko " paramukhodaya" kahate haiM / ' udayameM bhedakI apekSA sabhI eka sau ar3atAlIsa prakRtiyA~ udaya yogya haiM aura abhedakI apekSA cAra varNa, cAra rasa, eka gandha, sAta sparza, pAMca bandhana aura pAMca saMghAta, ye chabbIsa prakRtiyA~ choDakara zeSa eka sau bAIsa prakRtiyA~ udayake yogya haiM / (3) sattvakaraNa jIvase saMbaddha hue karma skandha, tatkAla phala nahIM dete / bandhane ke dUsare samayase lekara phala deneke pahale samaya taka ve karma AtmAke sAtha astitva rUpameM rahate haiM / karmoM kI usa avasthAko sattA yA sattva kahA jAtA hai / jaise dhAnyako saMgraha kara liyA jAtA hai aura AvazyakatA par3ane para usa saMgrahameM se thor3A-thor3A nikAlA jAtA hai | jaba taka vaha bAhara nahIM nikalatA taba taka vaha saMgraha nidhi rUpameM rahatA hai / dhAnyake saMgrahake samAna hI pUrva saMcita karma ke AtmAmeM avasthita rahaneko sattva kahate haiM / " sattAmeM rahane vAle karmakI tulanA, anya darzanoMmeM kahe gaye saMcita karma se kI jA sakatI hai / ye karma jIvake pariNAmoMko kisI bhI prakArase prabhAvita nahIM krte| ATha karmoM kI sarva eka sau ar3atAlIsa prakRtiyA~ jo bandhake bheda prakaraNameM kahI gaI haiM, sattAkI haiM / inakA nimna gAthAmeM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai paMca Nava doNi aTThAvIsaM cauroM kameNa te NaudI / doNiya paMca ya bhaNiyA edAo satta payar3Io // 5 66 sattvake do bheda kiye jA sakate haiM " utpanna sthAna sattva" aura "svasthAna sattva / " apakarSaNa Adike dvArA anya prakRti rUpase kiyA gayA sattva, utpanna sthAna sattva kahalAtA hai aura binA anya prakRti rUpa huA sattva svasthAna sattva - 1. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIva tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 342 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 37 3. " vidiyasamayappa hur3a jAva phaladANa heTThi samaotti tAva saMtavavaesaM par3ivajjaMti", kaSAyapAhuDa, pustaka saMkhyA 1, pR0 291 4. paMcasaMgraha, prAkRta, adhikAra 3, gAthA 3 (dhaNNassa saMgraho vA saMta) 5. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 38 2010_03

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100 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana kahalAtA hai| (4) apakarSaNa karaNa "sthityanubhAgayorhAnirapakarSaNam" koMkI sthiti arthAt baMdhe rahanekA samaya aura anubhAga arthAt zakti, ina donoMmeM hAni ho jAnA apakarSaNa kahalAtA hai| karmoM kI sthitikA apakarSaNa ho jAne para karma jitane kAlake lie bandhako prApta hue the, unakA vaha kAla pahale se bahuta kama ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra karmoM kI sthitimeM kamI ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra anubhAga arthAt phaladAna zaktimeM bhI kamI ho jAtI hai, tIvratama zakti vAle saMskAra eka kSaNameM mandatama ho jAte haiM / / / udAharaNatayA kisI jIvane pahale azubha karmakA baMdha kiyA, usake pazcAta usakI bhAvanAmeM nirmalatA A jAtI hai| aisI avasthAmeM pahale bandhe hue azubha karmoM kI sthiti kama ho jAtI hai aura phala dene kI zakti bhI kama ho jAtI hai / yahI vaha rahasya hai, jisase vartamAna karmoM ke dvArA anAgatako sudhArA jA sakatA hai aura pUrvasaMcita karmoM kA kSaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| apakarSaNa bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai - vyAghAta aura avyAghAta / vyAghAta apakarSaNako "kANDakaghAta" bhI kahate haiN| isase jIvameM itanI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai ki vaha guNAkAra rUpase karmoM ko kSaya kara detA hai / yaha mokSakA sAkSAta kAraNa hai aura aisA apakarSaNa uccakoTi ke dhyAniyoM ko hI hotA hai / isake viparIta avyAghAta apakarSaNameM sAdhAraNa rUpase karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAgameM hAni hotI hai| apakarSaNa tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba taka karma udayAvalImeM nahI Ate / udayakI sImAmeM pravezakara jAne para apakarSaNa saMbhava nahIM hotA kyoMki sattAgata karmoM kA hI apakarSaNa ho sakatA hai / (5) utkarSaNakaraNa "sthityunubhAgayovRddhiH utkarSaNam" - karmoM kI sthiti arthAt baMdhe rahane kA samaya aura anubhAga arthAt zaktimeM vRddhiho jAnA utkarSaNa kahalAtA hai / 1. gommaTasAra karmakANDa bhASA, gAthA 351 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIvatattvapradIpikA, gAthA 438 3. karmarahasya, pR0 172-173 4. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR0 116 5. karma rahasya, pR0 174 6. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIvatattvapradIpikA, gAthA 438 2010_03

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101 karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM koM kI sthitikA utkarSaNa ho jAne para karma jitane kAlake lie bandhako prApta hue the, usakA ullaMghana karake bahuta kAlake pazcAt udayameM Ate haiN| jisa prakAra sthitimeM vRddhiho jAtI hai, usI prakAra anubhAga arthAt phaladAna zaktimeM bhI vRddhiho jAtI hai| mandatama zakti vAle saMskAra eka kSaNameM hI tIvratama ho jAte udAharaNatayA kisI jIvane pahale azubha karmakA bandha kiyA, usake pazcAt usakI bhAvanA aura adhika kaluSita ho jAe taba pahale baMdhe hue azubhakarmoM kI sthiti baDha jAyegI aura phala denekI zakti bhI tIvra ho jaayegii| utkarSaNa bhI do prakArakA hotA hai - vyAghAta aura avyAghAta / jisa samaya pUrvasattAmeM sthita karma paramANuoMse navIna bandha adhika ho, parantu isa adhikakA pramANa eka Avali (jaina mAnya gaNita kI eka vizeSa gaNanA) se adhika na ho, taba vaha avasthA vyAghAta dazA kahalAtI hai| isake atirikta zeSa utkarSaNakI rnivyAghAta avasthA hI hotI hai| utkarSaNa, karmakI usI avasthAmeM saMbhava hotA hai, jabataka karma udayakI sImAmeM praveza na kareM, sattA rUpameM hI hoM / udayakI sImA meM praveza ho jAne para utkarSaNa saMbhava nahIM hotaa| (6) saMkramaNakaraNa "paraprakRti rUpa pariNamanam saMkramaNam" arthAt pahale baMdhI karma prakRtikA anya prakRti rUpa pariNamana ho jAnA saMkramaNa hai|' kozakArake zabdoMmeM - "jIvake pariNAmoMke vazase pUrva baddhakarma prakRtikA badalakara, anya prakRti rUpa ho jAnA saMkramaNa hai|' kusaMgatike prabhAvase sajjana bhI durjana ho jAte haiM aura satsaMgatike prabhAvase durjana bhI sajjana ho jAte haiN| yaha saMkramaNakaraNa hI hai jo abhyAsake anusAra vyaktike svabhAvako hI badala detA hai| isa prakAra zubha prakRti azubha rUpameM aura azubha prakRti zubha rUpameM saMkramita ho jAtI hai| yaha saMkramaNa kevala prakRtimeM hI nahIM hotA, apitu prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza karmoM kI cAroM avasthAoMmeM (inakA spaSTa nirdeza agrima 1. karma rahasya, pR0172-173 2. kaSAyapAhur3a, 7, bhAga 5, pR0 245 3. karmarahasya, pR0 174 4. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIvatattvapradIpikA gAthA, 438 5. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 4, pR082 2010_03

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102 jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana adhikArameM hai ) parivartana hotA hai / isa prakArase saMkramaNa cAra prakArakA ho jAtA hai - prakRti saMkramaNa, sthiti saMkramaNa, anubhAga saMkramaNa aura pradeza saMkramaNa | saMkramaNa pratyeka prakArake karmoM meM nahIM hotA aura na hI pratyeka avasthA meM hotA / saMkramaNake viSayameM kucha apavAda haiM 1. ATha mUla prakRtiyoM meM paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA, saMkramaNa kevala uttaraprakRtiyoM meM hI hotA hai / 2 3. 4. uttara prakRtiyoM meM bhI Ayu karma kI cAra prakRtiyoMkA eka dUsare meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya karma prakRtiyoMkA paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA, parantu inakI uttaraprakRtiyoMkA hotA hai / udayAvalikA, baMdhAvalikA, utkarSaNAvalikA aura saMkramaNAvalikA Adiko prApta karmaskandhoM meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / arthAt ve karma skandha jo udaya, bandha, utkarSaNa aura saMkramaNa kI sImAmeM jA cuke haiM, unakA saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / " isa prakAra se karmoM ke apakarSaNa, utkarSaNa aura saMkramaNa rUpameM sUkSma vivecana anya kisI bhI darzanameM prApta nahIM hotA, isa kAraNa inakI anya darzanoM se tulanA saMbhava nahIM hai / jaina mAnya apakarSaNa, utkarSaNa aura saMkramaNake siddhAntase yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki jisa rUpameM karmoM kA bandha hotA hai, karma usI rUpameM phalonmukha nahIM hote / vartamAna puruSArthake AdhAra para unakI sthiti aura zaktimeM hInAdhikatA hotI rahatI hai / 1 (7) udIraNA karaNa 35 "bhuMjaNakAlo udao udIraNApakvapAcaNaphalaM "5 karmoM ke phala bhogane ke kAlako udaya kahate haiM aura bhoganeke kAlase pahale hI apakva karmoM ko pakAnekA nAma udIraNA hai / AtmArAmane udIraNAkA vivecana karate hue kahA hai ki jo karma skandha bhaviSyameM udayameM Ane vAle haiM, unheM viziSTa prayatna, tapa, pariSaha sahana, tyAga va dhyAna Adi se khIMcakara, udayameM Aye hue karma skandhoMke sAtha hI bhoga 1. sTaDIja ina jaina philAsaphI, pR0 255 2. Natthi mUla payaDINaM saMkamaNaM... gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 410 3. daMsaNaca rittamohe AucaMukke NaM saMkamaNaM gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 410 - 4. jaina sAhityakA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4, pR0 119 5. paMcasaMgraha, prAkRta, adhikAra 3, gAthA 3 2010_03

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karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM 103 lenA udIraNA hai| isa prakAra udIraNAke dvArA lambe samayake bAda udayameM AnevAle karmoM ko pahale hI bhoga liyA jAtA hai| DaoN0 TaoNTiyA aura DaoN0 glAsanepane inako " prImaicyora riyalAijezana" arthAt aparipakva pratyakSIkaraNa athavA samayase pUrva bhogameM AnA kahA hai / (8) upazamakaraNa * karmoM ke udayako kucha samayake lie roka denA upazama kahalAtA hai / ' karmakI isa avasthAmeM udaya athavA udIraNA saMbhava nahIM hote| jisa prakAra rAkhase AvRta agni, AvRta avasthAmeM rahate hue apanA vizeSa kArya nahIM kara sakatI, kintu AvaraNake haTate hI puna: prajvalita hokara apanA kArya karane ko samartha ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra upazamana avasthAmeM rahA huA karma, usa avasthAke samApta hote hI apanA kArya prArambha kara detA hai arthAt udayameM Akara phala pradAna karanA prArambha kara detA hai / " katakaphala yA nirmalIke DAlane se jisa prakAra maile pAnIkA maila nIce baiTha jAtA hai aura kucha samayake lie svaccha jala Upara A jAtA hai, isI prakAra karmoM kI upazamana avasthAmeM pariNAmoMkI vizuddhike kAraNa karmoM kI zakti anudbhUta ho jAtI hai| karmoM kI yaha kSaNika vizrAnti hI upazama kahalAtI hai|" upazama avasthA yadyapi kSaNika hotI hai, parantu isa avasthAkA mokSa mArga meM atyanta mahattva hai kyoMki jitane samayake lie kamakA kSobha zAnta ho jAtA hai, utane samayameM jIvAtmA samatA aura AnandakA anubhava karatA hai| yaha alpakAlIna Ananda hI use puna: puna: karmoM se pUrNa muktikI preraNA karatA rahatA hai| zrI jinendra varNI ke anusAra saMskAroMke upazamase prApta kSaNika Ananda vyakti kI sakala pravRttiyoMko apanI ora unmukha kara letA hai, usakI smRti, citta para aMkita ho jAtI hai| eka bAra kisI vastukA svAda A jAne para jisa prakAra vyakti puna: puna: usakI prAptike lie lalacAtA hai aura prayatna karatA hai, usI prakAra upazamase prApta rasonmukhatA, use nirantara karmoM ko pUrNa kSaya karane aura AtmAbhimukha hone kI ora prayatnazIla banAye rakhatI hai / 6 1. jaina tattva kalikA, chaThI kalikA, pRSTha 180 2. (ka) TaoNTiyA sTaDIja ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR0 267 (kha) glaoNsanepa da DaoNkTarAina oNpha karma ina jaina philaoNsaphI 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR0 464 4. jaina sAhityakA vRhada itihAsa, bhAga 4, pR0 25 5. rAjavArtika, pR0 100 6. karma rahasya, pR0 175 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana upazama avasthAmeM udaya, udIraNA, nidhatti aura nikAcanA ye cAra karaNa nahIM hote / arthAt upazamAvasthAmeM karmoM kI phalonmukhatAkA aura karmoM kI aparivartanIya jAtikA abhAva hotA hai / 104 (9) nidhattakaraNa karmakI vaha avasthA nidhatti kahalAtI hai jisameM udIraNA aura saMkramaNakA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai aura karmoMkA utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa saMbhava hotA hai / ' arthAt karmoM kI isa vizeSa avasthAmeM AtmAke sAtha karma isa prakAra saMbaMdhita ho jAte haiM ki karmoM meM utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNake atirikta udaya udIraNA saMbhava nahIM hote / (10) nikAcita karaNa karmakI usa avasthAkA nAma nikAcanA hai jisameM utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa, aura udIraNA ye cAroM avasthAyeM asaMbhava hotI haiM / karmoM kI isa avasthAko niyati kahA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki isa avasthA meM karmoM kA phala usI rUpameM avazya prApta hotA hai jisa rUpameM bandha ko prApta huA thA / isameM icchA, svAtantrya yA purUSArtha kA sarvathA abhAva rahatA hai| kisI vizeSa karma kI hI yaha avasthA hotI hai / jaina sammata nikAcita karmako yoga sammata niyatavipAkI karmake sadRza mAnA jA sakatA hai / 6. karmakI avasthAoMkA tulanAtmaka vivacena jaina darzanameM karma kI avasthAoMkA jisa prakAra sUkSmatAse vivecana kiyA gayA hai, isa prakAra kA sUkSma vivecana anya kisI bhI darzanameM prApta nahIM hotA / isI kAraNa yadyapi uparokta sabhI avasthAoM kI tulanA saMbhava nahIM hai, parantu kucha avasthAoM kI tulanA yoga darzana aura vedAnta darzanase kI jA sakatI hai / jaina darzanameM jise upazama karaNa kahA gayA hai use yogadarzanameM tanu avasthA kahA jAtA hai aura jaina darzana mAnya " saMkramaNa karaNa aura udIraNAko yoga darzana 1. jaina sAhityakA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4 pR0 25 2. nidhattikaraNadravyaM saMkramaNodayayornikSeptumazakyam. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIvatattvapradIpikA, gAthA 450 3. nikAcita karaNadravyaM, udayAvalisaMkramotkarSaNApakarSaNeSu nikSeptumazakyam gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIvatattvapradIpikA, gAthA 450 4. 5. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4, pR0 25 yogadarzana bhASya, 2, 13 2010_03

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karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM 105 mAnya " aniyatavipAka" ke samAna samajhA jA sakatA hai / jaina mAnya nikAcita karaNakI yoga mAnya " niyata vipAka" se samAnatA hai, kyoMki nikAcita avasthAke karmoM ke phaloM meM koI parivartana nahIM ho sakatA, unakA vipAka niyamase nizcita samayameM, usI rUpameM hI hotA hai / ' jaina darzanake "satvakaraNa" ko vedAnta darzanake saMcita karma ke samAna samajhA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha karmoM kI vaha avasthA hai, jisameM karma apanA phala pradAna na karate hue bhI saMciyamAna koSake rUpameM vidyamAna rahate haiM / jaina darzanakI udayAvasthAko vedAnta mAnya prArabdha karmake samAna samajhA jA sakatA hai jisakA bhoga avazya karanA par3atA hai| jaina mAnya bandha avasthAkI tulanA vedAnta mAnya " kriyamANa karmoM" se kI jA sakatI hai kyoMki vartamAnameM mana-vacana- kAyake dvArA kiye gaye karma hI moha, rAga, dveSAdike kAraNa bandhako prApta ho jAte haiM aura inakA phala AgAmI samayameM prApta hogA / isI kAraNa vedAnta darzanameM kriyamANa karmako AgAmI karma bhI kahA jAtA hai / zrI nivAsane kahA bhI hai ki jaina mAnya bandhu udaya aura sattva karaNakA yaha vibhAjana vedAnta mAnya AgAmI, prArabdha aura saMcita karmake anurUpa hai / 2 nimnalikhita tAlikAmeM guNasthAnoM meM arthAt vikAsakramake sopAnoM meM dasa karaNoMkA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / guNasthAnoM kA vistRta vivecana Age pRthak adhyAyameM kiyA jAnA hai| yahAM kevala dasa karaNoM kI dRSTise nirdezana kiyA gayA hai / mithyAdRSTise lekara apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna paryanta dasakaraNa saMbhava hote haiM, kyoMki yahAM taka jIvoMmeM karma kI pratyeka avasthA kisI na kisI rUpameM pAyI jAtI hai| apUrvakaraNa guNasthAnameM pariNAmoMkI vizuddhi adhika ho jAne se agrima guNa sthAnoMmeM nidhatti aura nikAcanA nAmaka pragADha karmoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai aura upazama yA kSapaka kisI bhI eka zreNIkA nirdhAraNa ho jAne ke kAraNa upazama karaNakA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai / " upazAnta aura kSINa moha nAmaka guNa sthAnoM meM upazama, nidhatti aura nikAcanA nAmaka karmoMkA abhAva to hotA hI hai, parantu sAtha hI mohanIya karmakI prakRtikA 1. TaoNTiyA nathamala, sTaDIz2a ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR0 260 2. This Classification of Karama corresponds exactly to that of the Hindus 'Agamin, prarabdha and samcita' Shri Niwas, P. T. outlines of Indian Philosophy 1909 P. 62 Banaras. 3. Adimasattve tado suhuma kasAoti saMkameNa viNA / chacya sajoginti tado sattaM udayaM ajogitti... gommaTasAra karmakANDa gAthA 442 4. " uvasaMtaM ca NidhattI NikAcidaM taM apuvvotti" gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 450 2010_03

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106 guNasthAna 1. mithyAdRSTi 2. sAsAdana 3. samyakmi dhyAtva 4. avirata samyakadRSTi 5. dezasaMyata 6. pramattasaMyata apramattasaMyata 7. 8. apUrvakaraNa 9. anivRttikaraNa bandha 1 " 99 " Jie L 21 "3 Fa 10. sUkSmasAmparAya 11. upazAntamoha 12. kSINamoha 13. sayogakevalI 14. ayogakevalI x " " Wo dasa karaNoMkA guNasthAnakI dRSTise nirdezana utka - apaka. - saMkra. udI. sattA udaya upa rSaNa maNa raNA rSaNa zama 4 5 2 " 3 2010_03 " " Nan l y 5 Ye Nai OM X 3 n Nan Ye 66 Jian " t X Ye Nan " Nan Lie ga Ye Nan Yu X X X X " " - Gong 5 " Nai " jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana X 6 Y " Hao " 19 Ye Jian . Kai 39 " ch " Ia Nu " Ia 8 33 39 5 n " " 37 X X X X X X nidhati nikA. - canA 10 9 " Jian " " " Quan X X X X X X " , Men 21 99 t Liu . I kSaya ho jAnese saMkramaNa karaNa kA bhI kSaya ho jAtA hai / sayogImeM bhI chaha karaNa hI hote haiM / ' sayoga kevalI guNasthAnake aMtima samaya meM bandha, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa aura udIraNA karaNoMkA bhI kSaya ho jAtA hai aura ayoga kevalImeM kevala do hI karaNa hote haiM, " ayoge sattvodayakaraNe dve eva" / X X X X. X X dasa karaNoM ke uparokta guNasthAna saMbaMdhI vivecana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki nidhatti aura nikAcanA nAmaka karmakI avasthAyeM, yadyapi pragADha hotI haiM, parantu mithyAtva athavA avidyAke nAza ho jAnepara aura kaSAyoMke tIvratama vegoM ke samApta ho jAne para ina karmoM kI ye avasthAyeM vidhvaMsa ho jAtI haiM / karmoM kI pragAr3hatA manda hone para kucha samayake lie jIva zAMtikA anubhava karatA hai| jaisejaise vikAsake mArga para agrasara hotA jAtA hai, vaise vaise hI karmoM kA apakarSaNa, utkarSaNa aura saMkramaNa bhI nahIM hotA / jIva yathArUpa hI karmoM ko bhogatA hai / siddha 1. "saMkramaNakaraNaM binA Sar3eva sayogaparyantaM bhavaMti " gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIvatattva pradIpikA, gAthA 442 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIvatattva pradIpikA, gAthA 442

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karma tathA karmakI vividha avasthAyeM 107 avasthAse kucha samaya pUrva taka jIvakI Ayu sattAmeM hotI hai aura zarIrAdi nAmakarma kA udaya pAyA jAtA hai| niSkarSa dasakaraNoM kA ullekha karmoM kI avasthAoM ke anurUpa kramapUrvaka Age pIche kiyA gayA hai, parantu vastuta: inakA koI krama nahIM hai| vastu sthitimeM inako yugapat dekhA jA sakatA hai | kisI bhI eka samayavartI kriyAmeM yugapata vibhinna avasthAoMko ghaTita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kisI bhI eka kriyAke dvArA navIna karmoM kA bandha, pUrva karmoM kA udaya aura sattAmeM par3e karmoM kA apakarSaNa, utkarSaNa aura saMkramaNa ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra eka pariNAmase chaha karaNa yugapat siddhaho jAte haiN| nidhatta aura nikAcita jAtike kaThora saMskAroM meM bandha, udaya aura sattva ye tIna karaNa hI saMbhava hote haiN| ___TATiyA ke anusAra - AtmAmeM hone vAlA pratyeka parivartana karmameM Ane vAle pratyeka parivartanake sAtha tathA isake viparIta kramameM bhI samAna rUpase sahabhAgI hotA hai| unhIM ke anusAra- karmakI prakriyAko pUrva kalpita "zakti kI prakriyA" kahA jA sakatA hai athavA zaktikI prakriyAko pUrva kalpita "karmakI prakriyA" kahA jA sakatA hai| uparokta dasa karaNoMke vivecanase spaSTa hai ki jaina darzanake anusAra jIva, jisa rUpameM karmokA bandha karatA hai, ve karma usI rUpameM phaladAyI nahIM hote / bandha se udaya takake madhyavartI kAlameM, vartamAna karmoM ke anusAra, pUrvakRta karmoM meM saMkramaNa, apakarSaNa, utkarSaNa Adi anekavidha parivartana pratyeka samayameM hote rahate haiM / DaoN0 bhArgavake anusAra, pUrvakRta karmoM ko purUSArtha ke dvArA parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai, dUSita kamoM meM sudhAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura vartamAna kutsita AcaraNake dvArA pUrvakRta karmoM ko uttejaka athavA vikRta bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| - 3. "Every change in the soul synchronizes with the corresponding change in Karaman and vice versa." Tatia Nathmal; studies in Jaina Philosophy P. 254. 2. vahI, pR0255 2. "The previous action can be alterd, amended, aggravated or affected through exertion" Bhargava Dayanand, Jain Ethics P. 63... 2010_03

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108 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana jaina darzanAnusAra vartamAna purUSArthake dvArA pUrvabaddha karmoM meM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai, isI kAraNa AcAryoM ne navIna karmapudgaloM ke pravAhako rokane ke lie saMvara patha aura pUrvabaddha karmoM kA samUla nAza karane ke lie nirjarA pathakA digdarzana karAyA hai| inakA varNana Age SaSTha adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai / 3. That is why the acaryas have asked us to exert and stop the inflow of fresh Karmic matter and also to annihilate the previous Karmas. Ibid. P. 63. 2. karma muktikA mArga, adhyAya 6 2010_03

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paMcama adhyAya karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 1. mithyAtdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA:bandhahetava : 2. sakaSAyatvAjjIva: karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte sa: bandha: 3. prakRtisthityanubhAgapradezAstavidhayaH; (tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 1-3 / ) sAmAnya paricaya karmabandhake viSayameM pUrva adhyAyameM vistRta varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| pudgalakA jIvake sAtha nIra-kSIrake samAna saMbaMdha ho jAnA hI karmabandha hai / karma bandhako prAya: sabhI darzanoMne kisI na kisI rUpameM svIkAra kiyA hai / jIva aura ajIva tattvoM ke eka ho jAnese hI saMsArakI samasta samasyAyeM tathA viSamatAyeM utpanna hotI haiM, donoM tattvoMke pRthak ho jAne para saba samasyAyeM svata: hI dUra ho jAtI haiN| jIva aura ajIva tattvoMkA parasparameM bandha kisa kAraNase hotA hai yaha jAnakara hI isase mukti kA upAya kiyA jA sakatA hai| kamoM ke bandhako eka matase svIkAra karate hue bhI sabhI darzanoMmeM karmabandhake svarUpake viSayameM apanA viziSTa mata hai| isI kAraNa karmabandhake kAraNoMko bhI sabhI darzanoM meM vibhinna rUpase kahA gayA hai| ata: vibhinna darzanoMkI dRSTise karmabandhake kAraNoMkA vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana Avazyaka hai| 1. vibhinna darzanoMmeM karmabandhake kAraNa1. upaniSadoMmeM karma bandhakA kAraNa upaniSadoM meM karmabandhakA kAraNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki dehAdi anAtma padAthoMmeM AtmAbhimAna karanA hI karmabandhakA kAraNa hai| ise hI asuroMkA jJAna bhI kahA gayA hai, jisake kAraNa AtmA paravaza ho jAtA hai / paravaza ho jAne para AtmA vyApaka jJAnase vaMcita raha jAtA hai aura janma, jarA, mRtyu Adiko hI yathArtha mAnakara karma bandha karatA rahatA hai / 2 1. chAndogya upaniSada, adhyAya 8, khaNDa 8, maMtra 4.5 2. vahI, adhyAya7, khaNDa 23, maMtra 1. 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana 2. bauddha darzanameM karma bandhakA kAraNa bauddha darzanameM nirdiSTa cAra Arya satyoMmeM dvitIya Arya satya, du:kha samudayameM, du:khake kAraNoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / du:khake bAraha kAraNoMko eka zrRMkhalAke rUpameM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai, inako dvAdaza pratItyasamutpAda kahA jAtA hai / kAryakAraNa zrRMkhalAmeM avidyA ko hI sabase prathama du:khakA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| bauddha darzanameM pratItya samutpAdake dvArA bandhake kAraNoMko nirdiSTa kara karmavAdakI sthApanA kI gaI hai| Azravase avidyAkA samudaya aura avidyAse Azrava hotA rahatA hai| 3. nyAyavaizeSika darzanameM karma bandhakA kAraNa nyAya darzanameM bandhake pramukha kAraNa rAgadveSa aura moha kahe haiN| rAgase kAma, mAtsarya, spRhA, tRSNA aura lobha ye pA~ca doSa utpanna hote haiM, dveSase krodha, IrSyA, asUyA, tRSNA aura AmarSa ye pA~ca doSa utpanna hote haiM aura mohase mithyAjJAna, vicikitsA mAna aura pramAda ye cAra doSa utpanna hote haiM / ina caudaha doSoM ke kAraNahI prANI saMsArameM bandhako prApta hotA hai| ina doSoMmeM moha sabase pradhAna doSa mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki mohake kAraNa avidyA rAga va dveSa utpanna hote haiM, jisase dehAdi anAtma vastuoMmeM, AtmAkI pratIti hone lagatI hai / vaizeSika darzanameM avidyAke cAra kAraNa batAye gaye haiM - saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya aura svpn| avidyA kA kAraNa batAte hue kaNAdane kahA hai- "indriyadoSAtsaMskAradoSAccAvidyA"6 4. mImAMsA darzanameM karma bandhake kAraNa vaidika anuSThAna vidhiyoMko, samyak prakArase pratiSThita karane ke lie, jaiminIne mImAMsA sUtroMkA praNayana kiyaa| mImAMsA darzanameM karma aneka prakArake kahe gaye haiM - nitya karma, naimittika karma, kAmya karma, pratiSiddha karma Adi / inameMse snAna, sandhyAvandanAdi nityakarma aura aniSTa grahazAnti, prAyazcitAdi naimittika karma, bandhake kAraNa nahIM hote, ina karmoM ko yajJArtha karma bhI kahA jAtA hai / putra prApti athavA svarga prApti AdiphaloMkI kAmanA rakhakara kiye jAne vAle kAmya karma aura mahAn pAtakayukta govadhAdi pratiSiddha karma, bandhake kAraNa kahe jAte haiN|" 1. sinhA, harendra prasAda, bhAratIya darzanakI rUparekhA, pR094 2. majjhimanikAya, 1.1.9. 3. tatrairAzya rAga dveSamohArthAntarAbhAvAt, nyAyasUtra, 4, 1, 3 4. vAtsAyanabhASya, nyAya sUtra, 4,1,3 5. teSAM mohaH, pApIyAnnAmUDhasyetaretarotpatte: , nyAyasUtra 4,1,6 6. vaizeSika sUtra, 9, 2, 10 7. "yajJAtkarmaNo'nyatra loko'yaM karmabandhana:", bhagavadgItA, 3,9. 2010_03

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111 MANGAL karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda . vedAntameM karma bandhake kAraNa- vedAntameM ajJAnako hI bandhakA mUla kAraNa kahA gayA hai| vedAntake anusAra ajJAnako sat aura asatse bhinna anirvacanIya kahA gayA hai, kyoMki sat bastukA brahmakI taraha nAza nahIM hotA aura asat AkAza puSpa athavA vandhyAputrake samAna pratItimeM nahIM AtA, parantu ajJAnakA nAza bhI hotA hai aura pratItimeM bhI AtA hai / ajJAnake kAraNa hI jIva saMsAra cakrameM bandhA huA hai / 6. sAMkhya darzanameM karma bandhake kAraNa sAMkhya darzanameM bhI jJAnake viparyayako karma bandhakA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| anurAdhA vyAkhyA karate hue caturvedIne kahA hai ki viparyayAt padase, jJAnake viparIta ajJAnakA grahaNa hotA hai, jo mokSake viparIta saMsAra bandhakA kAraNa hai| yaha bandhana bhI tIna prakArakA hotA hai - prAkRtika, vaikRtika aura dAkSaNika / prakatiko AtmA mAnakara usakI upAsanA karanA prAkRtika bandha hai, paMcamahAbhUta, indriya, ahaMkAra aura buddhiko hI purUSa mAnakara upAsanA karanA vaikRtika bandha hai aura yajJakI samAptipara prApta dakSiNAmeM hI AsthA rakhakara AjIvana yajJAdi karma karate rahanA dAkSaNika bandha hai| maharSi ramaNane kahA hai ki cetana aura jar3a jagatke bIca bhrAmaka ahaMkA rahasyamaya ArvibhAva hI saba klezoMkA mUla hai / arthAt bandha kA kAraNa hai| 7. yoga darzanameM karma bandhake kAraNa yoga darzanake anusAra kleza saMsArakA arthAt bandhakA mUla kAraNa hai / saba klezoMkA mUla avidyA hai| sAMkhya darzanameM jise viparyaya kahA gayA hai, yoga darzanameM use hI kleza kahA gayA hai / vAcaspati mizrane sAMkhyatatva kaumudImeM yogadarzana mAnya paMca klezoMko kramaza: tamasa, moha, mahAmoha, tAmisa aura andhakAra kahA hai- avidyA'smitA, rAga-dveSAbhinivezA: yathAsaMkhyaM tamo, moha, mahAmoha, tAmisAndha-tAmisa saMjJakA paMca viparyaya: vizeSAH / ' yoga darzanake anusAra anitya, azuci, du:khamaya aura anAtma vastu meM nitya, zuci, sukhamaya aura Atmabuddhi karanA hI avidyA hai| 1. "ajJAna sadasadabhyAmanirvacanIya" sadAnanda, vedAntasAra, khaNDa 6 2. viparyayAdiSyatebandhaH, sAMkhyakArikA, 44 3. sAMkhyakArikA 44, anurAdhA vyAkhyA, 1974, pR0 154 4. ramaNa maharSi, kRSNa svAmInAthan, pR080 5. sAMkhya tattva kaumudI 1935, pR0437, maiTropoliyana priTiMga eNDa pabliziMga hAUsa, klkttaa| 6. anityAzucidu:khAnAtmasunityazuci sukhAtmakhyAtiravidyA, yoga sUtra 2,5 2010_03

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112 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyyn| 8. jaina darzanameM bandhake kAraNa yadyapi jaina darzanameM bhI anya bhAratIya darzanoMkI bhA~ti ajJAna, avidyA kleza Adi bandhake kAraNoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai, parantu jaina darzana bandhana saMbaMdhI vicAroM meM nijI viziSTatA hai / isa viziSTatAkA kAraNa jainoMkA jIva tathA pudgalake prati svataMtra vicAra kahA jA sakatA hai| jainoMne jIvoMko ananta mAnA hai| pratyeka jIvameM ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta Ananda aura ananta zakti rUpa ananta catuSTya pAyA jAtA hai| paudgalika saMbaMdha ho jAne para, bandhakI avasthAmeM ye ananta zaktiyA~ AvRta hai| jAtI haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa ananta zaktiyA~, zakti rUpameM jyoMkI tyoM rahate hue bhI, usI prakAra vyakta nahIM ho pAtI, jisa prakAra meghake AvaraNake kAraNa sUryakA prakAza vyakta nahIM hotA / prakAzakA nyUna yA adhika vyaktapanA AvaraNako pragADhatA athavA viralatA para nirbhara karatA hai / AvaraNa pragADha honepara prakAza kama vyakta hotA hai, AvaraNakI pragADhatA hIna hote jAne para prakAzakI mAtrA bar3hatI jAtI hai aura AvaraNake pUrNatayA naSTa ho jAne para AtmAkA prakAza pUrNa vyakta ho jAtA hai / AvaraNa kA pUrNatayA kSaya ho jAnA hI AtmAkI karmoM se mukti kahIM jAtI hai, isase pUrva sabhI AtmAyeM hInAdhika rUpameM, karmoM ke AvaraNase malina mAnI jAtI hai / isa AvaraNako hI pramukhatayA bandha kahA gayA hai| AtmA anAdikAlase isa AvaraNa yukta avasthAmeM hI vidyamAna hai / isa AvaraNa yukta avasthA athavA karma bandhake kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karate hupa sukhalAla saMghavIne kahA hai-jainadarzanameM bandhake kAraNoM kI carcA tIna prakAra kI gaI hai - eka paramparAmeM, kaSAya aura yoga do hI bandhake hetu mAne gaye haiM, dUsarI paramparAke anusAra, mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga ye cAra bandhake heta mAne gaye haiM, tIsarI paramparAke anusAra mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda kaSAya aura yogaye pA~ca bandhake hetu mAne gaye haiN| umAsvAmIne tattvArtha sUtra meM ina pA~ca hetuoMkA hI ullekha kiyA hai / mithyAtvAvirati-pramAdakaSAya yogA: bandhahetavaH"2 jaina AgamoMmeM nyAya darzanake samAna rAgadveSa aura mohako bhI bandhakA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / ina donoMke mUlameM moha hI hai| ina kAraNoMkI saMkhyA aura nAmoMmeM bheda avazya dRSTigocara hotA hai, parantu tAtvika dRSTise antara nahIM hai / rAga aura dveSakA samAveza kaSAyameM ho jAtA hai, pramAda eka prakArakA asaMyama hI hai, isI kAraNa 1. tattvArthasUtra vivecana, pR0 192 2. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 1 3. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyayana 32,sUtra 7 4. sthAnAMga sUtra,2,2 2010_03

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karmabandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 113 pramAdako asaMyama athavA aviratimeM samAviSTa kara dene para cAra hetu raha jAte haiN| isI prakAra mithyAtva aura asaMyama ye donoM kaSAyake svarUpase bhinna nahIM hai, ataH ina donoM ko kaSAyameM garbhita kara kaSAya aura yoga ye do hetu kahe jAte haiM / ' jaise cikane zarIrapara dhUlI adhika lagatI hai usI prakAra midhyAtva kaSAya Adi se AtmA meM karma hone yogya pudgala paramANu eka kSetrAvagAha rUpase saMcita ho jAte haiN| pAMcoM kAraNoMkA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 1. mithyAtva bandhakA sabase prathama tathA pradhAna kAraNa mithyAdarzana hai / AtmAse viparIta zraddhAko mithyAdarzana kahate haiM / ' svAtma tattvase aparicita saMsArI AtmAyeM zarIra, dhana, putra, strI AdimeM mamatva buddhi rakhatI haiN| ina sabakI prAptiko iSTa tathA inase vicchedako aniSTa mAnatI haiM aura iSTake prati pravRtta tathA aniSTakI orase nivRta hone kA prayAsa karatI haiN| yahI rAgadveSAtmaka pravRtti bandhakA mukhya kAraNa bana jAtI hai| rAgadveSAtmaka pravRttikA mUla kAraNa mithyA zraddhA hai / yaha mithyA zraddhA do prakArase utpanna hotI hai - 1. paropadezapUrvaka 2. naisargika / sukhalAlake anusAra vicAra zaktikA vikAsa honepara bhI, jaba kisI eka hI dRSTiko pakar3a liyA jAtA hai aura vaha dRSTi tattvake viparIta ho, taba aise darzanako hI mithyAdarzana kahate haiM, paropadezapUrvaka hone se use, " abhigRhIta mithyAdarzana" kahA jAtA hai / anAdikAlIna AvaraNake kAraNa, jisa samaya kevala mUDhatAse hI tattvake viparIta zraddhA ho, taba use naisargika yA upadeza nirapekSa hone se " anabhigRhIta mithyAdarzana" kahA jAtA hai / dRSTi yA pantha sambandhI sabhI aikAntika Agraha abhigRhIta mithyAdarzana haiM, yaha manuSya jaisI vikasita avasthAmeM hI saMbhava hai, dUsarA abhigRhIta mithyAtva kITa, pataMga Adi avikasita cetanA vAlI avasthAmeM bhI saMbhava hai / 4 mithyAtvake kAraNa jIva dharmake sthAnapara adharmako, sumArgake sthAnapara kumArgako, sAdhutvake sthAnapara asAdhutvako aura amUrta ke sthAnapara mUrta viSayoMko grahaNa karatA hai / " mithyAtvako yadyapi karmabandhakA pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai, parantu kevala mithyAtvahI bandhakA kAraNa nahIM hai, apitu AtmAke svAbhAvika 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 1821 2. "svAtma zraddhAna vimukhatvam mithyAdarzanam " niyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti, gAthA 91 3. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 375 4. tattvArtha sUtra vivecana, pR0 193 5. sthAnAMga sUtra, 10.1 2010_03

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114 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana guNoMke AvRtta honepara hI bandha hotA hai|' 2. avirati karmabandhakA dUsarA kAraNa avirati hai| "viramaNa virati:" arthAt virakti honA virati hai aura viratikA abhAvahI avirati hai / hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigaha ina pAMcoM doSoMse virakta na honA hI avirati kahA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoMmeM kahA gayA hai ki AbhyantarameM, nija paramAtmasvarUpakI bhAvanAse utpanna, parama sukhAmRtakA anubhavakarate hue bhI, bAhya viSayoMmeM ahiMsA, asatya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina vratoMko dhAraNa na karanA hI avirati hai / bandhake kAraNa rUpa isa aviratiko bAraha prakArakA kahA jAtA hai - pRthvI, teja, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa ina SadakAyika jIvoMpara dayA na karanA aura mana, sparza, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu tathA karNa ina SaTkaraNoM ke viSayoMkA sevana krnaa| pUjyapAdajI ne kahA hai - aviratidvAdazavidyA: SaTkAyaSaTkaraNa viSayabhedAt"" 3. pramAda karmabandhakA tIsarA kAraNa pramAda hai / sukha lAla saMghavIne pramAdakA vivecana karate hue kahA hai ki pramAdakA artha hai AtmavismaraNa / AtmavismaraNakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue puna: kahA hai - kuzala kAryoM meM anAdara arthAt karttavya akartavyakI smRtimeM asAvadhAnI karanA hI AtmavismaraNa hai| pUjyapAdajI ne pramAda zabda kA artha karate hue kahA hai - "pramAda: kuzaleSvanAdara:"6 kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya Adi dharmoM meM anutsAha yA anAdara bhAvake bhedase pramAda aneka prakArakA hai / pramAdake mukhyatayA pAMca bheda kahe gaye haiM - vikathA, kaSAya? indriyarAga, nidrA aura praNaya / vikathA cAra prakArakI kahI gaI hai - strI kathA. rAjakathA, caurakathA, aura bhojnkthaa| kaSAyake bhI cAra prakAra haiM - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / sparzana, rasanA, ghANa, cakSu aura zrotra, ina pAMcoM indriyoMse 1. Bondage in the ultimate analysis consists in the obstructed an mutilated condition of the various capacities of the soul. Tatia Nathmal, studies in! Jaina philosophy P. 151. 2. aviramaNe hiMsAdi paMcaviho so havaiNiyameNa" AcArya kundakunda, bArasa anuvekaravA, gAthA 48 3. dravyasaMgraha, TIkA, gAthA 30, pR088 4. sarvArthasiddhi, adhyAya 8, sUtra 1, pR0 375 5. tattvArtha sUtra vivecana, pR0 193 6. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 374 7. rAjavArtika, pR0564 8. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vinizcaya TIkA, pR0812 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 115 saMbaMdhita rAgako " indriyarAga" kahA gayA hai aura bAhya padArthoM meM mamatva honA praNaya hai / isa prakAra pramAdake saba milAkara pandraha bheda kahe gaye haiN| paMcasaMgrahameM ina paMdraha bhedoMko gAthAmeM kahA gayA hai vikA tahA kasAyA iMdiyaNiddA taheva paNao ya / cadu cadu paNa egegaM hoMti pamAdA hu paNNarasA // cArTa dvArA inheM nimna rUpase pradarzita kiyA jA sakatA hai| - pramAda 15 vikathA 4 kaSAya 4 strIkathA krodha rAjakathA mAna bhojanakathA mAyA caurakathA lobha - savArthasiddhi, pR0 321 savArthasiddhi, pR0 321 indriyarAga 5 sparza rasanA ghrANa cakSu karNa 2010_03 nidrA 1 4. kaSAya 1 karmabandhakA caturtha kAraNa " kaSAya" hai / kaSAyako pramAdameM bhI garbhita kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki pramAdake bhedoM meM kaSAyako ginAyA gayA hai / krodhAdi pariNAma AtmAko kugatimeM le jAte haiM, AtmAko kaSate haiM arthAt AtmAke svarUpakI hiMsA karate haiM, isIliye inheM kaSAya kahA jAtA hai / 3 5. yoga karmabandhakA paMcama kAraNa yoga hai / yahA~para yogakA artha hai- mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAyeM / ina tInoMkI kriyAoMse karmabaddha AtmA meM punaH punaH karmoM kA saMcaya hotA rahatA hai| yoga do prakArakA hotA hai - kaSAya sahita aura kaSAya rahita / kaSAya sahita yoga saMsArakA kAraNa hone ke kAraNa sAmparAyika kahalAtA hai / samparAya saMsArakA paryAyavAcI hai, ' saMsArakA hetu honeke kAraNa hI ise sAmparAyika nAma diyA gayA hai| kaSAya rahita yoga IryApatha nAmake kSaNika bandhakA kAraNa hotA hai| IryAkI vyutpatti IraNaM hai, jisakA artha hai gati / ' IryApatha bandha agale kSaNa 1. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 34 5 2. paMcasaMgraha, prAkRta, adhikAra 1, gAthA 15 kaSati hinastyAtmAnaM, rAjavArtika, pR0 508 4. kAyavAD. mana: karmayogaH, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 1 praNaya 1

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana hI binA phala diye naSTa ho jAtA hai| isakI sthiti eka samaya mAtrakI hotI hai|' isa prakAra kaSAya sahita mana, vacana tathA kAyakI kriyAyeM sAmparAyika aura kaSAya rahita mana, vacana, kAya kI kriyAyeM IryApatha kahalAtI haiM, jo kramaza:saMsAra tathA mokSakA kAraNa hotI haiM, maitryupaniSadameM bhI isI bhAvako nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| __mithyAtvase lekara yoga takake ina pAMca kAraNoM meM uttarabandha hetu honepara pUrvabandha hetu ho yAna bhI ho, parantu jahA~ pUrva bandhake kAraNa hoMge, vahA~ uttara kAraNa avazya hoNge| jaise yoga hone para mithyAtva, avirati Adi hoM yA na bhI hoM, parantu mithyAtva honepara avirati, pramAda kaSAya aura yoga avazya hoNge| bandhake ina kAraNoMko kaise naSTa kiyA jAtA hai isakA varNana agrima adhyAyoM meM kiyA jaayegaa| 2. karmabandhake bheda prabheda jaina darzanameM karma bandhake bhedoMkA vivecana ati sUkSma dRSTise kiyA gayA hai| jaise eka Amraphala svabhAvakI dRSTise mIThA yA khaTTA ho sakatA hai, rasa kI dRSTise kama yA adhika rasa vAlA ho sakatA hai, kAla kI dRSTise eka yA do dina raha sakatA hai, isake pazcAt sar3ane lagatA hai aura vajanakI dRSTise bhArI athavA halkA ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra AmakA svabhAva, rasa, sthiti aura ghanatA AdikA sammilita rUpa hI Ama hai / AmakI taraha hI jIvake sAtha bandhako prApta hue kokA bandha bhI cAra prakArakA hotA hai - karmoM ke svabhAva, kArya tathA guNoMko batAne vAlA bandha "prakRti bandha" karmoM ke kAlakA nirdhAraNa karane vAlA bandha "sthiti bandha" karmoM kI vipAka zaktiko darzAne vAlA vandha anubhAga bandha" aura karmoM ke piNDatvako darzAne vAlA bandha pradeza bandha' kahalAtA hai / umAsvAmIne sUtrameM ina cAroM bhedoMkA nirdezana karate hue kahA hai - "prakRtisthityanubhAvapradezAstadvidhaya:"6 ina cAroMmeM se prakRti aura pradeza bandha, mana, vacana aura kAyakI pravRttise hote haiM / mana, vacana aura kAyakI pravRttiko jaina darzanameM yoga kahA jAtA hai| sthiti aura anubhAga bandha kaSAyoM arthAt kaluSita pariNAmoMse hote haiM / nemicandrAcAryane kahA hai - "jogA payaDipadesA ThidiaNubhAgA 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR0 361 2. sakaSAyAkaSAyayo: sAmparAyikaryApathayo: tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 4 3. maitryupaniSad, adhyAya 6, zloka 24 4. saMghavI sukhalAla, tattvArtha sUtra vivecana, pR0 194 The Jaina divide Karma according to its nature, duration essence and content. Mrs. Stevenson, The Heart of Jainism P. 176 6. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya8, sUtra 3 7. "kAyavAD.mana: karmayoga:" tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 1 2010_03

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karmabandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 1 kasAyado hoti" " kaSAya sahita kiyA gayA zubha yA azubha karma hI sthiti tathA anubhAga bandha kI vRddhikaratA hai aura saMsArakA kAraNa hotA hai, parantu kaSAya rahita kiyA gayA karma sthiti aura anubhAga bandhakI vRddhi nahIM karatA / saMsArakI vRddhi karane vAle kaSAya sahita karmako "sAmparAyika" aura saMsArakI vRddhi na karane vAle kaSAya rahita karmako "IryApatha" karma kahA jAtA hai "sakaSAyAkaSAyayo: sAmparAyikeryApathayo: "2 IryApatha karmakI tulanA gItAke niSkAma karma se kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki IryApatha karma meM bhI niSkAma karmake samAna hI icchAkA abhAva hotA hai, jisameM punarjanma rUpa saMsAra phalako utpanna karane kI zakti nahIM hotI / " uparokta nirdiSTa caturvidha bandhoMkA vistRta vivecana iSTa hai. (1) prakRtibandha - prakRtikA artha hai svabhAva / ' jaise nImakI prakRti kaTu hai aura gur3akI prakRti madhura hai / agni svabhAvase hI Urdhvagamana karatI hai, vAyukA svabhAva tiryaggamana karanA hai aura jalakA svabhAva adhogamana karanA hai| isI prakAra anya kAraNoM se nirapekSa karmoM kA jo mUla svabhAva hai, vaha prakRti bandha kahalAtA hai / prakRti, zIla aura svabhAva ye saba ekArtha vAcI zabda haiM / 6 zrImatI sTIvansanake anusAra pratyeka manuSya apane svabhAvake anusAra karmoM kI racanA karatA hai / yadi koI svabhAvase kaTu hai, to kaTu karmako hI saMcita karegA aura madhura svabhAva vAlA madhura karmoM ko hI saMcita karegA / bandhakI isa koTiko hI prakRti bandha kahate haiM / " karmakA svabhAva eka prakArakA hI nahIM hotA apitu pariNAmoM tathA manavacana- kAyakI kriyAoMkI anekatAke kAraNa aneka prakArakA hotA hai / jIva jaisA karma karatA hai, usake nimittase vaisI karma prakRtiyA~ kArmaNa zarIrake sAtha bandhako prApta ho jAtI haiN| eka hI bAhya zarIra, jisa prakAra dekhane, calane, grahaNa karane AdikI vibhinna zaktiyoM se yukta hotA hai, isI prakAra eka hI kArmaNa zarIra 1. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 33 2. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 4 3. karmajaM buddhiyuktA hi phalaM tyaktvA manISiNaH / janmabandhavinirmuktAH padaM gacchantyanAmayam // gItA, adhyAya 2, zloka 51 4. anaMtasaMsAraphalaNivattaNasattivirahAdo" SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA 13, bhAga 4, pR0 51 5. "payar3I ettha sahAvo" paMcasaMgraha prAkRta, adhikAra 4, gAthA 514 6. 1. payar3I sIla sahAva, gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 2 7. zrImatI sTIvanasana, harTa oNpha jeniz2ama, pR0 162 117 2010_03

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118 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana vibhinna svabhAva vAlI prakRtiyoM ko prApta hokara jJAnAvaraNAdi aneka bhedoM vAlA ho jAtA hai| yadi pratikSaNa hone vAle pariNAmoM tathA kriyAoMke AdhArapara karma prakRtiyoMkI gaNanA kareM to unakI gaNanAsaMbhava hI nahIM hai parantu AcAryoMne phaladAna zaktikI vibhinnatAko dekhate hue agaNanIya karma prakRtiyoM kA jJAnAdi guNoMko AvRta karane vAle, jJAnAvaraNAdi aSTavidhakarmoM ke dvArA nirdezana kara svabhAvoMkI vicitratAkA spaSTa digdarzana prastuta kiyA hai / jJAnAvaraNAdi aSTavidha karmoM kA bandha hI prakRti bandha kahalAtA hai|' ___ratanalAlane aSTavidhakarmabandhake sAmAnya svarUpakA vivecana karate hue kahA hai ki manuSya dvArA khAyA gayA bhojana jisa prakAra AmAzayameM jAkara pAcana kriyA dvArA rakta mAMsa Adi saptavidha dhAtuoM meM parivartita ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra jIvase saMbaddha hue karma paramANuoMmeM aneka prakArakI karmazaktiyA~ utpanna ho jAtI haiN| vibhinna karma zakti yukta paramANuoMko mukhyatayA ATha bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ATha bhedoMke uttara bheda karanepara 148 bheda ho jAte haiM / unameM bhI kucha dhAtiyA aura kucha aghAtiyA hote haiM / sarvaprakRtiyoM kA puNya rUpa aura pAparUpameM bhI vargIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| sarva prakatiyoMmeM kucha.padagala vipAkI kucha kSetra vipAkI kucha 'bhava vipAkI aura kucha jIva vipAkI hotI haiN|' Age tAlikAmeM vibhinna apekSAoMse kathita 148 karma prakRtiyoMkA nAma nirdezana kiyA gayA hai - 3. Subtle matter for instance is that matter which is transformed into the different kinds of Karman. Encyclopoadia of Religion and ethics vol I P. 468 2. "zaktito'nantasaMjJazca sarva karmakadambakam" paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArdha, zloka 1000 3. "jJAnAvaraNAdyaSTavidhakarmAMtatttadyomyapudgaladravyasvIkAra : prakRtibandhaH" niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti, gAthA 40 4. ratanalAla, Atmarahasya 1961, pR0 100 5. te puNa aTThavihaM yA ar3adAlasayaM asaMkhaloge vaa| tANa puNa ghAditti aghAditti ya hoti snnnnaao| gommaTasAra karmakANDa, zloka 7 6. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 25, 26 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda karma prakRti saMbaMdhI ekatra parigaNana tAlikA kula prakRtiyA~-148 jAnAvaraNIya 5 - vedanIya 2 - Ayu 4 gotra 2 / __darzanAvaraNIya 9 . mohanIya 28 nAma 93 antarAya5 jJAnAvaraNIya-5 darzanAvaraNIya -9 vedanIya - 2 mohanIya-28 1. matijJAnavaraNIya 1. cakSu darzanAvaraNIya 1.sAtA 2. zrutajJAnAvaraNIya 2. acakSu " 2. asAtA 3. avadhi " 3. avadhi " 4.mana:paryaya . 4. kevala " cAritramoha darzana moha 5. kevala " 5.nidrA " 6.nidrA nidrA 1. mithyAtva 7. pracalA kaSAya 16 nokaSAya 9 2.samyagmidhyAtva 8. pracalA pracalA 3. samyak 9.styAnagaddhi 1.krodha catuSka 1.hAsya 2.mAna " 2. rati 3.mAyA " 3. arati 4. lobha , 4.zoka 5. bhaya 6.jugupsA 7. strIveda 8.purUSaveda 9. napuMsakevada Ayu.4 nAma. 93 gotra -2 antarAya.5 1. naraka 1. ucca 1.dAnAntarAya 2.tiryaca 2.nIca 2.lAbhAntarAya 3. manuSya 3. bhogAntarAya 1.deva 4. upabhogAntarAya 5.vIryAntarAya piNDaprakRtiyA~ sthAvara dazaka pratyeka prakRtiyA~ trasadazaka (inakA nAma nirdezana nAma karmameM kiyA gayA hai) 2010_03

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120 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma jJAna, avabodha, avagama aura pariccheda ye saba ekArtha vAcaka nAma haiN| jJAnako jo AvRta karatA hai, vaha jJAnAvaraNIya karma hai| pUjyapAdajIne AvaraNakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai - "AvRNotyAviyate'neneti vA AvaraNam arthAt jo AvRta karatA hai athavA jisake dvArA AvaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vo AvaraNa hai| jJAnAvaraNa karma AtmAko isa prakAra AvRta kiye rahatA hai ki arthakA jJAna nahIM hone paataa| jJAnAvaraNIya karmakA svarUpa darzAte hue brahmadevane kahA hai - "sahajazuddhakevalajJAnamabhedena kevalajJAnAdyanantaguNAdhArabhUtaM jJAnazabda vAcya paramAtmAnaM vA AvRNotIti jJAnAvaraNaM" / kevalajJAnAdi anantaguNoMkA AdhArabhUta jJAna zabdase kathanIya paramAtma svarUpako AvRta karane vAlA karma jJAnAvaraNIya karma hai| jJAnAvaraNIya karmakI upamA devatAkI mUrti para Dhake hue vastrase dI jA sakatI hai| devatAkI mUrti para DhakA huA vastra, jisa prakAra devatAko AcchAdita kara letA hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma jJAnako AcchAdita kiye rahatA hai| AvaraNa jitanA kama pragAr3ha hogA, utanA jJAnakA prAgaTya bhI baDhatA jAtA hai / AvaraNakA svarUpa darzAte hue yazovijayajI ne do pramukha tathyoM kI ora nirdeza kiyA hai - (ka) AvaraNa eka prakArakA dravya hai| (kha) yaha dravya kitanA hI nibir3a kyoM na ho, parantu apane AvArya jJAna guNako sarvathA AvRta nahIM kara sakatA / ' AvaraNake svarUpake viSayameM bhI do dhAraNAyeM haiM / bauddha aura nyAyavaizeSikoMne bhI klezAvaraNa, jJeyAvaraNa Adi AvaraNoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| parantu ise citta kA eka saMskAra mAtra kahA hai, jar3a rUpa nahIM mAnA, parantu sAMkhya aura vedAntane isa AvaraNako jar3a rUpa mAnA hai / sAMkhyake anusAra buddhitattva kA AvAraka tamoguNa hai, jo eka sUkSma, jar3a dravyAMza mAtra hai, jise sAMkhya paribhASA anusAra prakRti yA anta:karaNa kaha sakate haiN| vedAntake anusAra bhI AvaraNako ajJAna aura eka prakArakA jar3a dravya hI kahA gayA hai| 1. NANamavaboho avagamo paricchedo idi eyttttho| tamAvaredittiNANAvaraNIya kammaM / SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA 6, bhAga 1, pR06 2. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 380 3. bRhad dravyasaMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 31 4. jJAnAvaraNIyasya karmaNa: kA prakRti: devatAmukhavastramiva jJAnapracchAdanatA" vahI, gAthA 33 5. yazovijaya upAdhyAya, jJAnabindu prakaraNam, saMvat 1998, pR0 14 6. vahI, pR0 15 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 121 jaina darzanAnusAra, jJAnAvaraNa karma hoM yA anya karma, sabako atyanta spaSTa rUpase eka prakArakA jar3a dravya hI kahA hai, parantu isake sAtha hI ajJAna aura rAgadveSAdi Atmagata pariNAmoMko bauddha, nyAyAdi darzanoMke samAna saMskArAtmaka bhI mAnA gayA hai, jo jar3a karmoM kA kAraNa tathA kArya bhI hai / jaina darzanameM jise jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahA jAtA hai, use hI bauddha darzanameM avidyA aura jJeyAvaraNa, sAMkhyayogadarzanameM avidyA aura prakAzAvaraNa aura nyAyavaizeSika tathA vedAnta darzanameM avidyA aura ajJAna kahA jAtA hai| vedAnta, sAMkhya tathA nyAyavaizeSika darzanameM purUSako yadyapi kUTastha nitya mAnA gayA hai aura jaina darzanane jIvako pariNAmi nitya mAnA hai| parantu AvRta aura anAvRta viSayameM jaina darzanakI vedAnta darzanase sAmyatA hai| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne donoM darzanoMkI sAmyatA dikhAte hue kahA hai - jaina matAnusAra jJAna Avaraka tattva, cetanatvameM hI rahakara, apane svAzraya cetanako hI AvRta karatA hai, jisase svapara prakAzaka cetanA apanA pUrNa prakAza nahIM karane pAtI, na hI para padArthoM ko pUrNa rUpase prakAzita kara pAtI hai / vedAntake anusAra bhI ajJAna brahmaniSTha hokara hI use AvRta karatA hai, jisase akhaNDatva rUpase prakAza nahIM ho pAtA / jaina prakriyAkA zuddhacetana aura jJAnAvaraka tattva vedAnta prakriyAke cidrUpa brahma aura ajJAnase sAmyatA rakhate haiM / 2 . jJAnAvaraNIya prakRti bandhake kAraNa jJAnako AvRta karane vAle karma kisa kAraNase AtmAse saMyukta hote haiM, isakA nirdezana karate hue umAsvAmIne pada kAraNoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai - "tatpadoSanihnavamAtsaryAntarAyAsAdanopaghAtA: jJAnadarzanAvaraNayo:"3 jJAna athavA jJAnake dhAraka purUSoMkI avinaya karanA aura unake prati manameM duSTa bhAva lAnA pradoSa hai, apane jJAnako chipAnA nihnava hai, IrSyA ke kAraNa yogya pAtrako bhI jJAna na denA 'mAtsarya' hai, jJAnameM vidhna DAlanA 'antarAya' hai| jJAnake prakAzaka sAdhanoMkI mana vacana kAyase virAdhanA karanA AsAdanA" hai aura prazaMsanIya jJAnameM dUSaNa lagAnA athavA jJAnakA abhyAsa karane vAloM ko kSudhAdika bAdhA pahuMcAnA 'upaghAta' hai|' ina chaha pramukha kAraNoMke atirikta 1. pUrva nirdiSTa, adhyAya do| 2. upAdhyAya yazovijaya, jJAnabindu prakaraNam, saMvat 1998, pR015-16 3. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 10 4. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0.327 2010_03

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122 ' jaina darzana meM kamAnta -eka adhyayana anya bhI aneka kAraNoMse jJAnAvaraNIya karmakA bandha hotA hai - jaise AcArya yA upAdhyAyake pratikUla calanA, akAla adhyayana karanA, anAdarase pATha sunanA, svapakSakA durAgraha karanA, avinaya pUrvaka jJAna prApta karanA Adi jJAnAvaraNIya prakRti bandhake kAraNa kahe jA sakate haiN| uparokta sabhI kAraNoMmeM jJAna prAptike sAdhanoMkA tiraskAra dRSTigocara hotA hai ata: jJAna prApti ke sAdhanoMkA tiraskAra karane vAlA jIva jJAnAvaraNIya jAti ke karma pudgaloMse AvRta ho jAtA hai / / jJAnAvaraNIya karmakI mUlottara prakRtiyA~ pUrNa jJAnakA pratibandhaka karma kevalajJAnAvaraNa kahA jAtA hai, parantu pUrNa jJAnakA pratibandhaka yahI AvaraNa, apUrNa jJAnakA janaka bhI hotA hai| jaise meghAvRta sUryakA apUrNa prakAza bhI vastra, bhitti Adike upAdhi bhedase nAnA rUpa ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra apUrNa jJAnAvaraNa bhI vividha AvaraNoM ke tAratamyase mati, zruta, avadhi va mana:paryaya rUpase cAra prakArakA ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra jJAnAvaraNa kI pAMca uttara prakRtiyA~ haiM - 1. matijJAnAvaraNa 2. zrutajJAnAvaraNa 3. avadhijJAnAvaraNa 4. mana:paryayajJAnAvaraNa 5. kevalajJAnAvaraNa - 1. matijJAnAvaraNa. indriya aura manake nimittase zabda, rasa, sparza, rUpa aura gandhAdi viSayoMmeM jo avabodha utpanna karatA hai, vaha matijJAna hai aura matijJAnako AvRta karane vAle karmapudgaloMko jJAnAvaraNIya kahate haiN| matijJAnAvaraNake cAra bheda haiM - avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhaarnnaa| inako pAMca indriyoM aura manase guNita karane para caubIsa bheda ho jAte haiN| anya bheda prabheda karanepara 336 bheda mAne gaye haiN| ina saba prakArake matijJAna ko AvaraNa karane vAlI asaMkhyAta prakRtiyA~ ho jAtI haiM / matijJAnake vividha AvaraNoM ko jAnane ke lie matijJAnake vividha bhedoM ko jAna lenA Avazyaka hai isI kAraNa matijJAnake vividha bhedokA saMkSipta paricaya denA iSTa hai| 1. avagraha matijJAna - padArthake avyakta jJAnako 'arthAvagraha' kahate haiM / 1. rAjavArtika, pR0 529 2. "matijJAnamAvRNoti Abriyate'neneti matijJAnAvaraNa", gommaTasAra karmakANDa jIvatattvapradIpikA, gAthA 33 3. ka. abhiNibohiyaNANAvaraNIyassa kamassa cauvvihaM vA caduvIsadividhaM, SaTkhaNDAgama ,dhavalA TIkA 13, bhAga 5, pR023. 4 kha. madiNANAvaraNIya payaDIo..asaMravejjaloggamettAo, SaTakhaNDAgama. dhavalA 12. bhAga 4. 50 501 e 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 123 avyakta jJAnase pahale honevAlA atyanta avyakta jJAna 'vyaMjanAvagraha' hai| vyaMjanAvagrahameM sattAkI pratIti mAtra hotI hai aura arthAvagrahameM "yaha kucha hai" isa prakArakA grahaNa hotA hai / arthAvagrahakA kAla pramANa eka samaya mAtra hotA hai|' arthAvagraha pAMcoM indriyoM aura manake bhedase chaha prakArakA hotA hai parantu vyaMjana avagraha, mana tathA cakSu indriyase nahIM hotA isI kAraNa yaha cAra prakArakA hotA hai| vyaMjanAvagraha atyadhika avyakta honeke kAraNa netra aura manakA viSaya nahIM ho paataa| 2. IhA matijJAna- avagrahake dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye atyanta aspaSTa jJAnako spaSTa karane ke prati upayogakI unmukhatA vizeSako IhA kahate haiM / yaha bhI pAcoM indriyoM aura manake bhedase chaha prakArakA hai| IhAkA kAla pramANa antarmuhUrta hai / 3. avAyamatijJAna- IhAse jAne gaye padArtha ke viSayameM jo nizcita jJAna hotA hai, use avAya kahA jAtA hai| jaise yaha sthANu hI hai stambha nahIM, isa prakAra kA nizcaya ho jAnA avAya hai / yaha bhI pAMca indriyoM aura manake bhedase chaha prakArakA hai| isakA kAla pramANa bhI antarmuhUrta hI hai| 4. dhAraNA matijJAna-avAyase jAne hue padArthakA kAlAntarameM vismaraNa na ho| aise jJAnako dhAraNA kahate haiM | pUjyapAdajI ne kahA hai - "avetasya kAlAntare'vismaraNakAraNaM dhaarnnaa|" dhAraNAkA kAla saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta varSoMkAmAnA gayA hai| sAmAnyarUpase matijJAnake aTThAIsa bheda kahe gaye haiM, una sabako AvaraNa karane vAle karma, matijJAnAvaraNIyaka kahe jAte haiN| Age tAlikA meM matijJAnAvaraNIyake 28 bhedoM ko nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai - agale peja para dI gaI tAlikAko do dRSTiyoMse dekhA jA sakatA hai - sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura zravaNa ina cAra indriyoM dvArA hone vAlA mati jJAna vyaMjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNAke bhedase pA~ca prakArakA hotA hai| (5x4 - 20) cakSu indriya aura manake dvArA vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotA, isI kAraNa inake dvArA honevAlA jJAna cAra prakArakA hI hotA hai| (4x2 = 8) dUsarI dRSTise dekhane para vyaMjanAvagraha cAra prakArakA hotA hai aura arthAvagraha ,IhA, 1. devendrasuri, karmagranya, bhAga prathama, gAthA 5, anuvAdaka sukhalAla, pR014 2. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR0 363 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza.bhAga 1.10210 4. karma grantha bhAga 1, gAthA 5, anuvAdaka sukhalAla, pR0 14 sarvArthasiddhi, pR0111 6. karmagrantha, bhAga 1, gAthA 9, 10 30. 2010_03

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124 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana matijJAnAvaraNIyake aTThAIsa bhedoM kI tAlikA ghrANa cakSu - 4 sparzana zravaNa mana indriya indriya indriya indriya indriya bheda. 5 5 5 5 4 - 28 1. vyaMjanAvagraha vyaMjanAvagraha vyaMjanAvagraha x vyaMjanAvagraha 2. arthAvagraha aryAvagraha arthAvagraha arthAvagraha arthAvagraha arthAvagraha 6 3. IhAIhAIhAIhAIhAIhA 6 4. avAya avAya avAya avAya avAya avAya 6 5. dhAraNA dhAraNA dhAraNA dhAraNA dhAraNA dhAraNA - avAya tathA dhAraNA chaha-chaha prakArake hote haiM / arthAvagraha, IhA, avAya aura dha raNAmeM manakI kriyAyeM hotI haiM, parantu vyaMjanAvagrahameM manakI kriyA nahIM hotii| zrutajJAnAvaraNa karmakA jJAna zrutajJAnake paricayake binA saMbhava nahIM hai, isI kAraNa pahale zrutajJAnakA sAmAnya svarUpa tathA bheda prabhedoMkA saMkSipta paricaya iSTa hai| 2. zrutajJAnAvaraNIya matijJAnase jAne hue padArthake avalambanase tatsaMbaMdhI anya padAthoM kA jJAna karAne vAlA, zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai, umA svAmIne sUtra meM kahA hai "zrutaM matipUrvadvaMyanekadvAdazabhedam", jaise eka ghar3eko indriya aura manake dvArA jAna lenepara usI jAtike bhUta, bhaviSyata aura vartamAnameM kisI bhI dezameM sthita arthAt vibhinna dezakAlavartI ghaToMke saMbaMdhameM jo vicAra hotA hai, vahI zruta jJAna hai| sukhalAlane zrutajJAnake viSayameM kahA hai ki kisI bhI viSayakA zrutajJAna prApta karane ke lie usakA matijJAna pahale Avazyaka hai / isIlie matijJAna, zrutajJAnakA kAraNa to hai, parantu kevala bahiraMga kAraNa hai, antaraMga kAraNa to zrutajJAnAvaraNakA kSayopazama hI hai| kisI viSayakA matijJAna ho jAne para bhI yadi kSayopazama na ho to zrutajJAna nahIM ho sakatA / matijJAna kevala vartamAna kAlameM pravRtta hotA hai, 3. All, except the first stage of these five stages of the process, are the activities of the mind. Virchand. R. Gandhi, The Karma philosophy P. 20. 2. paMca saMgraha, prAkata, gAthA 3. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 1, sUtra 9 4. rAjavArtika, pR048 . 2010_03

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SALMAIvallopathetana . . . bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 125 tajJAna traikAlika viSayoMmeM pravRtta hotA hai / matijJAnameM zabdollekha nahIM hotA aura zrutajJAna zabdollekha sahita hotA hai' pustakoMke par3hane athavA sunanese jo jAna prApta hotA hai, vaha bhI zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai / zrutajJAnake aneka bheda haiN| una sabako AvaraNa karane vAle karmoko "zrutajJAnAvaraNIya" kahate haiN| zrutajJAnAvaraNIyakI saMkhyAta prakRtiyA~ haiM jitane akSara haiM tathA jitane akSara saMyoga haiM utanI hI zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma kI prakRtiyA~ haiN|' 3. avadhijJAnAvaraNIya avadhijJAnako jo karma AvRta karate haiM unheM avadhijJAnAvaraNIya kahate haiN| avadhijJAna aneka prakArakA hai isI kAraNa unako AvRta karane vAle karma bhI aneka hote haiM / avadhijJAnakA paricaya dete hue jainendra siddhAnta kozameM kahA gayA hai ki pariNAmoMkI vizuddhatAke prabhAvase kadAcit kinhIM sAdhakoMko eka vizeSa prakArakA jJAna utpanna ho sakatA hai, jisakI sahAyatAse pAMcoM indriyoM aura manake avalambanake binA bhI aMtima skandha paryanta paramANu Adi mUrtIka padArthoM ko pratyakSa rUpase jAnA jA sakatA hai| ise hI "avadhijJAna" kahA jAtA hai| yaha jJAna dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI apekSA avadhi arthAt sImAse yukta hokara apane viSayabhUta padArthako jAnatA hai, isalie bhI isako avadhijJAna kahA jAtA hai|" - avadhijJAna do prakArakA hotA hai | jo avadhijJAna janma lete hI prakaTa ho jAtA hai vaha "bhava pratyaya" hai / isake lie vizeSa sAdhanAkI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| deva tathA nArakiyoMko nyUnAdhika rUpameM janmasiddha avadhijJAna avazya hotA hai, jisase ve apane pahale bhavoMko bhI jAna lete haiN|6 tapasyA tathA sAdhanA vizeSake dvArA utpanna hone vAlA avadhijJAna "guNa pratyaya" kahalAtA hai, yaha manuSyoMko tathA kabhI-kabhI tiryaMcoko bhI hotA hai / tiryacoM aura manuSyoMko honevAlA avadhijJAna cha: prakArakA hotA hai| 1. tatvArtha sUtra vivecana, pR024 2. karmagrantha, bhAga 1, gAthA 9, pR0 30 3. sudnnaannaavrnniiysskmmsssNkhenjaaopyddiio|jaavdiyaanni akkharANi, akkhrsNjogaavaa| SaTakhaNDAgama 13, bhAga 5, sUtra 44,45 4. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR0 192 5. paMca saMgraha, prAkRta, adhikAra 1, gAthA 123 6. bhavapratyayo'vadhidevanArakANAm, tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 1, sUtra 21 7. "kSayopazamanimitta SaDavikalpa: zeSANAma". tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 1. sUtra 22 2010_03

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126 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana guNa pratyaya avadhijJAna anugAmI ananugAmI vardhamAna hIyamAna avasthita anavasthita jo avadhijJAna jIvake sAtha dUsare bhavameM bhI jAtA hai use anugAmI kahA haiM, dUsare bhavameM na jAne vAlA jJAna ananugAmI kahalAtA hai, vizuddha pariNAmoM prabhAvase jo jJAna nitya vRddhiko prApta hotA rahe use vardhamAna kahA gayA hai| saMkle pariNAmoM ke kAraNa jo jJAna ghaTatA rahe use hIyamAna kahate haiM / ghaTane bar3hanese avadhijJAnako avasthita kahate haiM aura ghaTane bar3hane vAle avadhijJAnako anavari kahate haiN| pUrvokta bhinna bhinna prakArake avadhijJAnoMko AvaraNa karane vAle ko avadhijJAnAvaraNIya kahate haiN| avadhijJAnake bhedoMke asaMkhyAta vikalpa bhI saM haiM isI kAraNa avadhijJAnAvaraNakI asaMkhyAta prakRtiyA~ haiN|' 4. mana:paryayajJAnAvaraNIya manaparyayajJAnakA artha karate hue pUjyapAdajIne kahA hai "parakIyamanogato'rtho mana ityucyate / sAhacaryAttasya paryayaNaM, parigamanaM mana:paryaya: binA pUche dUsareke manogata bAtako pratyakSa jAna lenA mana: paryayajJAna hai mana:paryayajJAna avadhijJAnase adhika sUkSma tathA vizuddha hotA hai / isakA viSNu avadhijJAnake viSayase alpa hotA hai / yaha do prakArakA hotA hai - Rjumati au vipulamati / Rjumati kevala vartamAnameM cintita padArthako hI jAnatA hai, parana vipulamati cintita, acintita, ardhacintita aura cintita pUrva sabhI padArthoM jAnane meM samartha hotA hai|" sukhalAlane isa viSayakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai - cintanI vastuke bhedake anusAra cintanameM pravRta mana bhinna bhinna AkRtiyoMko dhArA karatA rahatA hai, ve AkRtiyA~ hI manakI paryAya haiM, una AkRtiyoMko jAnane vAle jJAna hI mana:paryayajJAna hai / mana:paryayajJAnI AkRtiyoMko dekhakara hI vyakti 1. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 127, karmagrantha bhAga 1, gAthA 8 2. karmagrantha, bhAga 1,gAthA9 3. ohiNANAvaraNIyassa kammassa asaMkhejjajAo payaDIo...... . asaMkhejjavipappattAdo, SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA 13, bhAga 5, pR0 289 4. sarvArthasiddhi, pR094 5. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga tIna, pR0 272 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 227 cintanakA anumAna kara letA hai|' RjumatikI apekSA vipulamati vizuddhatara hotA hai, kyoMki vaha sUkSmatara aura adhika viSayoM ko spaSTa jAna sakatA hai / Rjumati utpanna hone ke bAda naSTa bhI ho sakatA hai parantu vipulamati kevalajJAnakI prApti taka rahatA hai| uparokta sabhI mana:paryayajJAnoMko AvaraNa karane vAle karmoMko mana:paryaya jJAnAvaraNIya kahate haiN| 5. kevalajJAnAvaraNIya kevalajJAnAvaraNa sarvaghAtI prakRti hai kyoMki yaha pUrNatayA kevalajJAnako AvRta kiye hotI hai| kevalajJAnAvaraNIya karmako kevalajJAnake svarUpake binA nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / ata: pahale kevalajJAna kA sAmAnya paricaya Avazyaka hai | jainendra siddhAnta kozameM kevalajJAnakA paricaya dete hue kahA hai - kevalajJAna jIvanmukta yogiyoM kA eka nirvikalpa atIndriya aura atizaya jJAna hai, jo mana tathA buddhike prayogake binA hI sarvakAla va sarvakSetrameM sarvapadAthoM ko hastAmalakavat pratyakSa jAnatA hai| isI kAraNa ve yogI sarvajJa kahalAte haiN| kevalajJAna kI vizeSatAyeM nimna prakAra kahI gayI haiM / kevalajJAna sarvAMgase jAnatA hai - AvaraNa karmoM ke vinAza ho jAne para kevalI sabhI avayavoMse padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| 2. kevalajJAnameM tInoM loka pratibimbavat jhalakane lagate haiN| 3. kevalajJAnameM trikAlavartI padArtha eka samayameM hI bhAsita hote haiN| 4. kevalajJAna sabhI padArthoM ko akrama rUpase arthAt yugapata jAnatA hai / sukhalAla ne saMkSepameM isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai - yaha jJAna cetanAzaktike pUrNa vikAsake samaya pragaTa hotA hai| ata: isake apUrNatAjanya bheda prabheda nahIM haiM / koI bhI vastu yA bhAva aisA nahIM hai, jo kevalajJAna dvArA pratyakSa na jAnA jA ske| isIlie kevalajJAna kI pravRtti saba dravyoM aura saba paryAyoMmeM mAnI jAtI hai| umA svAmI ne sUtra meM kahA bhI hai "sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevlsy|"7 1. tattvArthasUtra vivecana, pR0 29 2. vizuddhayapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 1, sUtra 24 3. karmagrantha, bhAga 1, gAthA 9, pR0 30 4. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga do, pR0 144 5. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga do, pR0 146 6. tattvArthasUtra vivecana, pR0 32 7. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 1, sUtra 29 or 1679 2010_03

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128 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana kevalajJAnako AvaraNa karane vAle karmoM ko kevalajJAnAvaraNIya kahate haiM, kevalajJAnAvaraNIya karmakI kevala eka prakRti hai, yaha pUrNajJAnakI pratibandhaka honeke kAraNa sarvaghAtI kahalAtI hai| 2. darzanAvaraNIyakarma darzanaguNakA AvaraNa karane vAlA darzanAvaraNIya karma hai, arthAt jo pudgala skandha, jIvake sAtha saMzleSAtmaka saMbaMdhako prApta hokara, darzana guNako rokatA hai, arthAt arthakA avalokana nahIM hone detA, vaha darzana guNako ghAtane vAlI darzanAvaraNIya prakRti kahalAtI hai| rAjadvAra para baiThA huA pratihArI jisa prakAra rAjAke darzana nahIM hone detA vaise hI darzanAvaraNIya karma darzana guNako AcchAdita karatA hai|' darzanAvaraNIya prakRtibandhake kAraNa jJAnAvaraNIya karmake samAna hI darzanAvaraNIya karmake bhI vahI cha: kAraNa batalAye gaye haiM / tattvArtha sUtrameM kahA gayA hai - "tatpradoSanihnavamAtsaryAntarAyAsAdanopaghAtA jJAnadarzanAvaraNayo:"5 dUsareke jJAnameM doSa nikAlanA, apane jJAnako chipAnA, jJAnIke prati IrSyA bhAva rakhanA, jJAna tathA jJAna prAptike sAdhanoM meM bAdhA DAlanA athavA anya kAraNase vinAza karanA, kisIkI A~kheM phoDanA, viparIta pravRtti karanA, dRSTikA garva karanA, dIrgha nidrA lenA, dinameM sonA, Alasya karanA, samyagdRSTimeM dUSaNa lagAnA, hiMsA karanA aura yatijanoM ke prati glAnibhAva Adi karanese darzanAvaraNIya karmakA Azrava hotA hai| darzanAvaraNIya karmakI uttara prakRtiyA~ darzanAvaraNIya karmakI no prakRtiyA~ haiM - cAra AvaraNa rUpa aura pAMca nidraayeN| inakA nirdeza nimna cArTa meM kiyA gayA hai - - - 1. karmagrantha, bhAga 1, gAthA 9, pR030 2. kevalaNANAvaraNIyassa kammassa ekAcaiva payar3I, SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA, 13, bhAga 5, pR0 345 3. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 378 4. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 20 5. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 10 6. rAjavArtika, pR0519 7. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIva tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 33 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 129 darzanAvaraNIya AvaraNa catuSka pAMca nidrA cakSu acakSu avadhi kevala nidrA nidrA-nidrA pracalA pracalA-pracalA styAnagRddhi cakSu, acakSu, avadhi aura kevala darzanako AvaraNa karane vAle karmoM ko darzanAvaraNI catuSka kahA jAtA hai| Age pratyekakAsaMkSipta paricaya denA Avazyaka 1. cakSudarzanAvaraNa- A~khake dvArA jo padArthoM kA sAmAnya grahaNa hotA hai, use cakSu darzana kahate haiM / usa sAmAnya grahaNako rokane vAlA karma 'cakSudarzanAvaraNa' kahalAtA hai | cakSudarzanAvaraNa karma ke udayase ekendriya, dvIndriya aura trIndriya jIvoMko janmase hI A~kheM nahIM hotii| paMcendriya jIvoM kI A~kheM bhI isa karmake udayase naSTa ho jAtI haiM athavA unameM aneka prakArake dRSTi doSa utpanna ho jAte haiN| 2. acakSudarzanAvaraNa- A~khako chor3akara tvacA, jIbha, nAka, kAna aura manase jo padArthoM ke sAmAnya dharmakA pratibhAsa hotA hai, use 'acakSudarzana' kahate haiN| acakSudarzanako AvRta karane vAlA karma 'acakSudarzanAvaraNa' kahalAtA hai / isa karmake udayase jIvoMmeM indriya aura mana saMbaMdhI vyApArakI zakti janmase hI nahIM hotI athavA janmase hone para bhI kamaz2ora athavA aspaSTa ho jAtI hai / 3. avadhidarzanAvaraNa- indriya aura manakI sahAyatA ke binA hI, AtmAko rUpI padArthoM ke sAmAnya dharmakA avabodha karAne vAlA avadhidarzana hai / avadhi darzanako AvRta karane vAlA karma 'avadhidarzanAvaraNa' kahalAtA hai / 4. kevaladarzanAvaraNa- saMsArake sampUrNa padArthoM kA sAmAnya avabodha karAne vAlA darzana kevaladarzana hai| kevala darzanako AvRta karane vAlA karma 'kevaladarzanAvaraNa' kahA jAtA hai| 5. nidrA-karmake jisa udayase aisI nIMda Aye ki soyA huA jIvathor3IsI AvAjase hI jAga jAye, usa karmako nidrA kahate haiN| 1. (ka.) cakkhUdiTThI acakkhUsesidiyaohikevalehiM ca / dasaNamiha sAmannaM tassAvaraNa tayaM cauhA // karmagrantha, prathama bhAga, gAthA 10 (kha.) rAjavArtika, pR0 573 2010_03

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130 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana 6. nidrA-nidrA-karmake jisa udayase aisI nIMda Aye ki soyA huA jIva jorase AvAja dene yA hilAnepara bhI kaThinatAse jAge usa karmako nidrA-nidrA kahate haiN| 7. pracalA- karmake jisa udayase aisI nIMda Aye ki jIva khar3e-khar3e yA baiThe baiThe hI so jAve use pracalA kahate haiN|' 8. pracalA-pracalA- pracalA-pracalAke udayase purUSa mukhase lAra bahAtA hai aura usake hastapAdAdi calAyamAna ho jAte haiN| 9. styAnagRddhi-styAnagRddhi karmake udayase jIva dinameM athavA rAta meM soce hue kAryako nIMdakI avasthAmeM hI kara letA hai aura usako kAryakI smRti bhI nahIM rhtii| karmagranthake anusAra isa pragAr3ha nidrAkI avasthAmeM jIvako ardhacakrIzvara arthAt vAsudevakI zaktikA AdhA bala prApta hotA hai / 3. vedanIya karma jIvako jo karma sukha athavA du:khakA vedana karAtA hai, vaha vedanIya karma hai|' mithyAtva Adi pratyayoM ke vazase karma paryAyameM pariNata aura jIvake sAtha samavAya saMbaMdhako prApta sukha du:khakA anubhava karanevAle pudgala skandha hI "vedanIya" nAmase kahe jAte haiN| isa karmake phalasvarUpa jIvake avyAbAdha sukha arthAt atIndriya sukhakA ghAta hotA hai aura jIva bhautika sukha tathA du:khameM hI ulajhA rahatA hai| ye AkulatA rUpa hote haiM aura Atmika AlhAd, zAnti, Ananda tathA nirAkula atIndriya sukhase viparIta hote haiM / vedanIya karmake dRSTAntameM madhulipta khaDgakA udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra zahada lipaTI talavArakI dhAra ko cATanese pahale alpa sukha aura phira adhika du:kha hotA hai, vaise hI paudgalika sukhameM du:khoMkI adhikatA hotI hai| 1. (ka.) gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIva tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 23-24 (kha.) suhapar3ibohA niddA, niddA-nidA ya dukkhapar3ibohA payalA ThiovaviThThassa payalapayalA ya caMkamao karmagrantha, prathama bhAga, gAthA do 2. "payalApayaludayeNa yavahedilAlA calati aMgAI,gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 24, pR016 3. gommTasAra karmakANDa, jIva tattva pradIpikA, gAthA 23 4. thINaddhI addhacakkiaddhabalA, karmagrantha bhAga 1, gAthA 12 5. vedyasyasadasallakSaNasya sukhadu:kha samvedanam, sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 380 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA,6,bhAga 1,pR010 7. "madhuliptakhaDgadhArAsvAdanavadalpasukhabahudu:khotpAdakatA" vRhad dravya saMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 33. 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda vedanIya karmake bandhake kAraNa sAtA vedanIya karmakA kAraNa batAte hue tattvArthasUtra meM kahA hai - "bhUtavatyanukampAdAnasarAgasaMyamAdiyoga: kSAnti zaucamiti sadvedyasya / / sabhI prANiyoMpara anukampA rakhanese, vratiyoM kI sevA karanese, dAna denese, bAla aura vRddha tapasviyoMkI sevA karanese, hRdayameM zAnti aura pavitratA rakhanese aura saMyama karanese sAtA vedanIya karmakA bandha hotA hai / isake viparIta AcaraNase du:khake kAraNabhUta asAtA vedanIyakarmakA bandha hotA hai / asAtAke phalasvarUpa deha hamezA rogapIr3ita rahatA hai aura buddhi va zubha kriyAyeM saba naSTa ho jAtI haiM, vaha prANI apane hitake udyogameM tatpara nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra sukhake kAraNabhUta kAryoM kA sampAdana 'sAtA vedanIya' aura du:khake kAraNabhUta kAryoM kA sampAdana 'asAtA vedanIya' karma ke bandhakA kAraNa hotA hai| vedanIya karmakI uttaraprakRtiyA~ - vedanIya karma do prakArakA hotA hai - sukhakA kAraNabhUta sAtAvedanIya karma aura du:khakA kAraNabhUta asAtAvedanIya karma hai / viziSTa deva Adi gatiyoM meM iSTa sAmagrIke sannidhAnake kAraNa jisake phalasvarUpa aneka prakArake zArIrika aura mAnasika sukhoMkA anubhava hotA hai vaha "sAtAvedanIya" hai aura jisake phalasvarUpa narakAdi gatiyoMmeM aniSTa sAmagrIke sannidhAnake kAraNa, aneka prakArake atidu:saha mAnasika aura zArIrika du:khoM kA anubhava hotA hai, vaha "asAtAvedanIya" hai / ' 4. mohanIya karma- jIvako jo mohita karatA hai yA jisake dvArA jIva mohA jAtA hai, vaha mohanIya karma hai / dhatUrA, madirA, kodoM AdikA sevana karanese jaise vyakti mUrchita sA ho jAtA hai, usameM iSTa- aniSTa, heya-upAdeyako jAnanekA viveka nahIM rahatA, usI prakAra mohanIya karma prANiyoM ko isa prakAra mohita kara detA hai ki jIvako padArthakA yathArtha bodha hone para bhI vaha tadanusAra kArya nahIM kara paataa| 1. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 12 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 801 3. sadasavedye tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 8 4. rAjavArtika, pR0573 5. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 380 6. "madyapAnavaddheyopAdeyavicAra vikalatA" bRhad dravya saMgraha, brahmadevaTIkA, gAthA 33 h m 2010_03

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132 jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana isI kAraNa mohako " ari" arthAt zatru kahA gayA hai| zeSa samasta karma mohake hI AdhI haiN| mohake binA zeSa karma apanA kArya nahIM kara pAte, isI kAraNa mohanIya karmako saba karmoM meM pradhAna karma mAnA gayA hai| isake abhAvameM zeSa karmoM kA sattva, asattva ke samAna ho jAtA hai, kyoMki janma maraNa kI paramparA rUpa saMsArotpAdanakI sAmarthya unameM nahIM rahatI / mohanIya karmake bandhake kAraNa satyamArga kI avahelanA karanese aura asatyamArgakA poSaNa karane se, AcArya, upAdhyAya, gurU, sAdhusaMgha Adi satyake poSaka AdarzoM kA tiraskAra karane se darzana mohanIya karma kA bandha hotA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa jIvake saMsArakA anta nahIM hotA / svayaM kaSAya karane se arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi pravRtti karane se, jagadupakArI tapasviyoMkI nindA karane se, dharma ke kAryoM meM antarAya karane se madya, mAMsa AdikA sevana karane tathA karAne se nirdoSa prANiyoM meM dUSaNa lagAne se, aneka prakArake saMklezita pariNAmoMse, cAritra mohanIya karmakA bandha hotA hai| ' hAsya, ati pralApa, vicitra krIr3AyeM, pApazIla vyaktiyoM kI saMgati, parapIr3ana, apanI icchA pUrNa karane ke lie para ko zokAbhitapta karanA, dUsaroM ko trAsa denA, svayaM bhayabhIta rahanA, dUsaroMkI badanAmI karanA, krodha, mAna, IrSyA, chala, kapaTa, tathA strI bhAvoM meM ruci rakhanA, anaMga krIr3A, anAcAra Adi kA sevana ye pariNAma kramaza: hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strI, purUSa, napuMsaka veda, ye nokaSAya cAritra mohanIya karmake bandhakA kAraNa hote haiM / " mohanIya karmakI uttara prakRtiyA~ mohanIya karma do prakArakA hai - darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya / darzana mohanIyakI tIna aura cAritra mohanIyakI paccIsa isa prakAra mohanIya karma kI kula aTThAIsa prakRtiyA~ haiN|" unheM isa prakAra pradarzita kiyA jA sakatA hai "janmamaraNaprabandhalakSaNasaMsArotpAdasAmarthyamantareNa tatsattvasyAsa ttvasamAnatvAt " SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA 1 bhAga 1, pR0 43 2. kevalizrutasaMghadharmadevAvarNavAdo darzanamohasya, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 13 3. rAjavArtika, pR0 525 1. 4. rAjavArtika, pR0 525 5. (ka.) SaTakhaNDAgama, 6 / 1 sUtra 19-20 (kha.) karmagrantha, prathama bhAga, gAthA 17 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 133 mohanIyakarma (28) darzana mohanIya-3 . cAritra mohanIya-25 mithyAtva samyakmithyAtva samyaktva kaSAya 16 nokaSAya 9 krodha mAna mAyA lobha catuSka catuSka catuSkaM catuSka hAsya rati arati zoka bhaya jugupsA strIveda purUSaveda napusaMka veda 1. darzanamohanIya karma darzana, ruci, pratyaya, zraddhA aura sparzana ye sava ekArtha vAcaka nAma haiM / AtmA, Agama yA padArthoM meM rUci yA zraddhAko darzana kahate haiM / usa darzanako jo mohita karatA hai arthAt viparIta kara detA hai, use darzana mohanIya karma kahate haiM / yaha darzana mohanIya tIna bhAgoMmeM vibhakta hotA hai - mithyAtva, samyagmithyAtva aura samyaktva / mithyAtvake udayase jIva sarvajJa praNIta mArgase vimukha, tattvArthake zraddhAna karane meM nirutsaka aura hitAhitake vicAra karane meM asamartha hotA hai, yahI "mithyAtva" darzanamohanIya hai / yahI mithyAtva prakSAlana vizeSake dvArA kSINAkSINa bhedazakti vAle kodoke samAna, ardhazuddha svarasa vAlA honepara "samyagmithyAtva" kahalAtA hai| vahI mithyAtva jaba zuddha pariNAmoM ke kAraNa, apane udayako roka detA hai aura udAsIna rUpase avasthita rahakara AtmAke bhAvako nahIM rokatA tava samyaktva kahalAtA hai / isakA vedana karane vAlA samyagdRSTi kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra mithyAtva prakRti azraddhA rUpa hotI hai, aura samyagmithyAtva prakRti zraddhA va azraddhAse mizrita hotI hai / samyak prakRtikI zraddhAmeM zithilatA arthAt asthiratA hotI hai, jisake kAraNa cala, malina aura agAr3ha ye tIna doSa utpanna hote haiN| yaha prakRti zraddhA guNakA ghAta nahIM karatI, parantu zaMkAdi doSoMko utpanna karatI hai| kSAyopazamika samyagdRSTiko hI isakA udaya hotA hai| 1. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA, 6/1, pR0 38 2. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 385 2010_03

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134 jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta-eka adhyayana bandhakI avasthAmeM mohanIyakarma kevala mithyAtva rUpa hI hotA hai, parantu sattvAvasthAmeM yaha tIna prakArakA ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra dhAnako cakkI para dalanese cAvala, kaNI aura bhUsI tIna bhAga ho jAte haiM | usI prakAra samyaktvake unmukha huA jIva jaba mithyAtvakA dalana karatA hai, to eka prakArakA mohanIya karma, tIna karma rUpa pariNamita ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra sAdi samyagdRSTi jIvakI apekSA darzanamohanIyake tIna bheda haiM aura anAdi mithyAdaSTi jIvakI apekSA kevala eka mithyAtva hI bheda hai| sAdise tAtparya hai jisakA samyak patha prArambha ho cukA hai| 2. cAritra mohanIya karma Atma svarUpameM AcaraNa karanA cAritra hai, usakA ghAta karane vAlA karma cAritra .mohanIya hai / 2 paMcAdhyAyImeM kahA hai - kAryam cAritramohasya cAritrAccyutirAtmana: arthAt cAritra mohakA kArya AtmA ko cAritra se cyuta karanA hai, kyoMki kaSAyoMke udrekase hI AtmA cAritrase cyuta hotA hai, kaSAyoM ke abhAvameM nahIM / jaisA ki paMcAdhyAyImeM kahA hai - kaSAyANAmanudrekazcAritraM tAvadeva hi / nAnudreka: kaSAyANAM caaritraaccyutiraatmn:|' bhedaprabheda cAritra mohanIya karma ke do bheda haiM / kapAya mohanIya karma aura nokapAya mohanIya karma / kaSAya mohanIya ke solaha bheda haiM aura nokapAya mohanIya ke navabheda haiM | ina bhedoMkA nirdeza karmagrantha kI gAthA meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai - "solasa kasAya nava no kasAya duvihaM caritamohanIya" / aNaappaccakkhANA paccakkhANA ya sNjlnnaa||" Age cAritra mohanIya ke ina paccIsa bhedoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAtA 1. SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA, 13/5, pR0 358 2. karmagrantha, prathama bhAga, gAthA 13 3. paMcAdhyAyI uttarArdha, zloka 690 4. paMcAdhyAyI uttarArdha, zloka 692 5. karmagrantha, prathamabhAga, gAthA 17 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 135 1. kaSAya mohanIya cAritrako ghAta karane vAle kaSAya cAra hote haiM - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / pratyeka kaSAya puna: cAra prakArakA ho jAtA hai- anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa aura saMjvalana / krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA lobha Adi kA vivecana yadyapi yogAdi anya darzanoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai, parantu inake anantAnubandhI Adi cAra bhedoM ke dvArA jaisA sUkSma pratipAdana jaina darzanameM kiyA gayA hai, vaisA anyatra nahIM pAyA jAtA / ina sabakA saMkSipta paricaya Avazyaka hai, jo nimna prakAra hai(ka.) krodha catuSka apanA aura parakA anupakAra karane ke krUra pariNAma krodha haiM / jisa krodha ke kAraNa jIva ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA hai, vaha anantAnuvandhI krodha hai / isakA dRSTAnta parvatakI gaharI darArase diyA jAtA hai, jo phaTanepara puna: nahIM milatI / isI prakAra anantAnubandhI krodha kisI bhI upAyase zAnta nahIM hotaa| ISat pratyAkhyAnam = apratyAkhyAnam / "anAgatadoSApohanaM pratyAkhyAnam" jisa ke udayase thor3A hI pratyAkhyAna hotA hai, use apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kahate haiM / apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodhakI upamA sUkhe tAlAvameM miTTI ke phaTa jAne se jo darAra ho jAtI hai, usase dI jA sakatI hai| jaise varSA hone para miTTIkI darAra puna: mila jAtI hai, usI prakAra apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha vizeSa parizramase zAnta ho jAtA hai| pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha reta kI lakIra ke samAna manda hotA hai, jaise reta kI lakIra havA se turanta bhara jAtI hai, usI prakAra yaha krodha zIdhra zAnta ho jAtA hai parantu yaha mahAvrata meM bAdhA pahuMcAtA hai / saMjvalana krodha vaha mandatama kaSAya hai, jo pAnIkI lakIra ke samAna zIghra miTa jAtA hai, aisA krodha prAya: sAdhuoM ko hotA hai / ina cAroM kA phala kramaza: naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva gati kI prApti hai / 2 (kha) mAna catuSka ___ abhimAna ke kAraNa dUsare ke prati namane kI vRtti na honA mAna hai| mAna 2. rAjavArtika, pR0574 (ka.) jalareNupudavIpavvarAI sariso cauvviho koho, karmagrantha, bhAga prathama, gAthA 19 (kha.)silabheyapuDhavibheyAdhUlIrAI yudyraaismaa| Nira tiraNaradevattaM uviMti jIvAha kohvsaa|| paMcasaMgraha, prAkRta, adhikAra 1 gAthA 111 rAjavArtika, pR0 574 3. ___ 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta-eka adhyayana bhI anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa aura saMjvalana ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai jo uttarottara manda hotA jAtA hai| isakI upamA, zaila, asthi, kASTha aura beMta se dI jAtI hai / inakA phala kramaza: naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva gati kI prApti hai / inakA saMkSipta spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai anantAnubandhI mAna zaila stambhake samAna hotA hai, aise mAnako atyadhika upAyoM ke dvArA bhI jhukAyA nahIM jA sktaa| aisA mAnI jIva narakagati karmakA bandha karatA hai / apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAna asthike samAna hotA hai, jo bahutase upAyoMse jhukAyA jA sakatA hai, aisA mAnI jIva tiryaMca gati karmakA bandha karatA hai| pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAna kASThakI taraha se hotA hai, jo thor3ese parizramase hI jhuka jAtA hai| aisA mAnI jIva manuSya gati karmakA bandha karatA hai / saMjvalana mAna vRkSakI latA athavA beMtake samAna hotA hai jo zIghra hI jhuka jAtA hai isI prakAra saMjvalana mAnI jIva Agrahako chor3akara zIghra hI jhuka jAtA hai / isa prakArake sarala bhAvase devagatikI prApti hotI hai| ga. mAyA catupka mAyAkA artha hai, kapaTAcAra athavA svabhAvakA Ter3hApana / sarvArtha siddhimeM kahA gayA hai- "Atmana: kuTilabhAvo mAyA nikRti: 2 mAyAkA dUsarA nAma nikRti yA vaMcanA hai / mAyA bhI anantAnuvandhI, apratyAkhyAna, pratyAkhyAna aura saMjvalanake bhedase cAra prakArakI hai| inakI upamA kramaza: veNu mUla arthAt bAMsakI gaMTIlI jar3a, bher3akA sIMga, gomUtra aura khurapese dI gaI hai, ye uttarottara mandatAko prApta hotI jAtI hai / inakA phala bhI kramaza: naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva gatikI prApti hai| inakA saMkSipta spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai - anantAnubandhinI mAyA gaThIlI bAMsakI jar3ake TeDhepanake samAna hai, jo kisI bhI prakAra dUra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| aisA mAyAcArI jIva narakagati karmakA baMdha karatA hai| 1. (ka.) selasamo aTiThasamo dArU samo taha ya jANa vettsbho|| Nira, tira Nara devattaM uviti jIvAha mANavasA / / paMcasaMgraha prAkRta, adhikAra 1 gAthA 112 (kha.) "tiNisalayAkaTThaThiyaselatthaMbhovamo maanno|" karmagrantha, prathamabhAga, gAthA 19 sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 334 (ka)vaMsImUlaM maisassa siMga gomuttiyaM ca khorUpyaM / Nira tira Nara devataM uviMti jIvA humaayvsaa|| paMcasaMgraha, prAkRta, adhikAra 1, gAthA 113 (kha) mAyAvalehigomutimiDha siNgdhnnvNsimuulsmaa| karma grantha, prathama bhAga, gAthA 20, pR051 2010_03

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karmabandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 137 apratyAkhyAnAvaraNI mAyAkI vakratA meSake sIMgake samAna hotI hai jise kaThinatAse aneka upAyoMke dvArA dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| aisA mAyAcArI jIva tiryaJca gati karmakA bandha karatA hai / pratyAkhyAnAvaraNImAyAkI vakratA gomUtrakI vakratAke samAna hai / jaise calatI huI gAyakA mUtra zIghra hI apanI vakratAko chor3a detA hai, usI prakAra pratyAkhyAnAvaraNI mAyAkI vakratA thor3e parizramase hI dUra ho jAtI hai / aisA jIva manuSya gati karmakA bandha karatA hai / saMjvalanI mAyA kI vakratA bAMsake chilake jaisI hotI hai, jo binA parizramake dUra ho jAtI hai| aisA jIva devagati karmakA bandha karatA hai / lobha catuSka dhana AdikI tIvra AkAMkSA yA gRddhi lobha hai' yaha bhI anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAna, pratyAkhyAna aura saMjvalanake bheda se cAra prakArakA hai / inakI upamA kramaza: kiramajIkA dAga, pahiyekI kIcar3a, kAjala aura haldI ke raMgase dI gaI hai| inakA prabhAva uttarottara manda hotA jAtA hai / inakA phala bhI kramaza: naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva gatikI prApti hai / gha. anantAnubandhI lobha kiramajIke raMga sadRza hai, jo kisI bhI upAyase nahIM chUTatA / apratyAkhyAnAvaraNalobha gAr3Ike pahiye kI kIcar3a jaisA hai, jisakA dAga atikaThinatAse chUTatA hai / pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa lobha sAmAnya kIcar3a athavA ke raMga sadRza hotA hai, jo alpa parizramase chUTa jAtA hai / saMjvalana lobha haldI ke raMga sadRza hai, jo sahaja hI chUTa jAtA hai / uparokta solaha kaSAyoMkI zaktiyoMke dRSTAnta nimna tAlikA dvArA pradarzita kiye jA sakate haiN| kaSAya kI avasthA krodha anantAnubandhI apratyAkhyAna pratyAkhyAna saMjvalana 1. 2. 3. zaktiyoMke dRSTAnta mAyA veNumUla mAna zilArekhA zaila bAlurekhA asthi meSazrRMga dhUlirekhA dArU (kASTha) gomUtra jalarekhA vetra 2010_03 lobha kiramajI kA raMga, (dAga) cakramalaraMga tiryaJca kIcar3a manuSya deva khurapA, lekhanI haldI rAjavArtika, pR0 574 (ka) kimirAyacakkamalakaddamo ya taha ceya jANa hAridaM / NiratiraNaradevattaM urviti jIvA hu lohavasA // paMcasaMgraha prAkRta, adhikAra 1 gAthA 114 (kha) "loho halidakhaMjaNakaddamakimirAgasAmANo" karmagrantha, prathama bhAga, gAthA 20 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 2, pR0 38 phala naraka

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138 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana 2. nokaSAya nokaSAyako akaSAya bhI kahA jAtA hai / sarvArthasiddhimeM pUjyapAda jI ne nokaSAyakA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai - "iSadarthe nam, prayogAdISatkaSAyo 'kssaay|"1 kiMcit arthameM na kA prayoga honese ISat kaSAyako akaSAya yA nokaSAya kahAjAtA hai| gommaTasArameM kahA gayA hai-- "ISatkaSAyA: nokaSAyAstAn vedyanti vedyante ebhiriti nokaSAyavedanIyAni navavidhAni / "2 nokaSAyake navabheda haiN| bhAMr3a Adi kI ceSTAko dekhakara haMsI utpanna karAne vAlA, hAsya mohanIya karma kahalAtA hai| deza, dhana, strI Adi meM rati arthAt prIti utpanna karAne vAlA rati mohanIya karma hai / deza, parivAra, strI AdimeM aprIti arthAt udvega (zAstrIya bhASAmeM jise dveSa kahate haiM) utpanna karAne vAlA "arati mohanIya karma hai / iSTa viyoga aura aniSTa saMyoga hone se du:kha dene vAlA, zoka mohanIya karma hai| bhayake sAdhana upasthita honepara ghabarAhaTa athavA Dara utpanna karAne vAlA, bhaya mohanIya karma hai| mAMsa, viSThA Adi vIbhatsa padArthoM ko dekhakara ghRNA utpanna karAne vAlA jugupsA mohanIya hai / purUSake sAtha ramane kI icchA utpanna karane vAlA strIveda mohanIya hai, strIke sAtha ramane kI icchA utpanna karane vAlA purUpaveda mohanIya hai / strI aura purUSa donoM ke sAtha ramaNakI icchA utpanna karane vAlA napuMsaka veda mohanIya hai| 5. Ayu karma jIvitavya kAlameM jo karma jIvako nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devameM se kisI vivakSita zarIrameM nizcita avadhi taka roke rakhatA hai, usa bhavadhAraNake nimitta karmako Ayu karma kahate haiN| AyukarmakA udaya jIvako usI prakAra roke rakhatA hai, jisa prakAra eka vizeSa prakArakI sAMkala yA kASTha kA phandA apane chidrameM paga rakhanevAle vyaktiko roke rakhatA hai, Ayu karma jIvako pUrva bhava chor3akara agrima bhava dhAraNa nahIM karane detaa|' Ayu do prakArakI hotI hai-bhujyamAna Ayu aura badhyamAna aayu| vartamAna samayameM 1. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0385 (ka) gommaTasAra karmakANDa jIva tattva pradIpikA, gAthA 33 . (kha) karmagrantha, bhAga prathama, gAthA 21, 22 pR052-55 3. bhavadhAraNanimittamAyu: "pravacanasAra, tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 146 "nigaDavadagatyantaragamananivAraNatA" vRhada dravya saMgraha, brahAdeva TIkA gAthA 33 h h 2010_03

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karmabandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 1939 bhoga rahI hai use bhujyamAna Ayu kahate haiM aura bhujyamAna AyumeM hI jo agrima bhavI AyukA bandha hotA hai, use hI badhyamAna Ayu kahate haiM / ' deha athavA zarIrako " bhava" kahA jAtA hai| AtmA AyukI sahAyatA se hI zarIrako dhAraNa karatA hai, ata: zarIra dhAraNa karAne meM samartha Ayukarmako bhavAyu bhI kahA jAtA hai / maraNa samayameM bhujyamAna AyukA vinAza ho jAtA hai aura badhyamAna Ayu kA udaya hone vAlA hotA hai | jIva bhujyamAna Ayukarmake udayase jItA hai aura badhyamAna Ayukarma ke udayase mara jAtA hai / isa badhyamAna AyukA apavartana aura utkarSaNa ho sakatA hai, parantu bhujyamAna AyukA utkarSaNa saMbhava nahIM hai parantu apavartana avazya ho sakatA hai, apavartanako kadalI ghAtamaraNa kahA jAtA hai / viSa sevana, rakta srAva, zastraghAta, saMkleza Adhikya, AhAra aura zvAsocchavAsake ruka jAne se jo maraNa hotA hai use kadalIghAta maraNa kahA jAtA hai / " bhujyamAna AyukA apavartana saba jIvoM ke lie saMbhava nahIM hotA / umAsvAmIne sUtrameM kahA hai aupapAdika caramottamadehAsaMkhyeyavarSAyuSo'napavartyAyuSaH "" arthAt upapAda zarIra vAle deva, nArakI tathA usI bhavase mokSa jAne vAle carama zarIrI aura asaMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAle bhogabhUmike tiryaJca tathA manuSyoMkI AyukA apavartana nahIM hotA / jIvanameM Ayu bandhake yogya kevala ATha avasara Ate haiM jo ATha apakarSa kAla kahe jAte haiM / ina ATha apakarSoM meM se hIna athavA adhika jo bhI sthiti bandha ho jAtA hai, vahI usa AyukI sthiti samajhI jAtI hai / ' tiryaMcAyu, manuSyAyu aura devAyukA utkRSTa sthitibandha utkaTa vizuddha pariNAmoM se aura jaghanya sthiti bandha utkaTa saMkleza pariNAmoMse hotA hai, isake viparIta narakAyukA utkRSTa sthitibandha utkaTa saMkleza pariNAmoM se aura jaghanya sthiti bandha utkaTa vizuddha pariNAmoMse hotA hai / " 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 19. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 334 AugavaseNa jIvo jAyadi jIvadi ya Augassudaya / govA marada ya puvvAyu NAse vAiti / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vinizcaya TIkA, gAthA 28 gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIva tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 643 bhAvapAhuDa, gAthA 25 tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 2, sUtra 53 gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIvatattvapradIpikA, gAthA 643 savvavidINamukkassao Tu ukkassasaMkilesseNa / vivarIdeNa jahaNNo AugatiyavajjiyANaM tu // gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 134 2010_03

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140 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana Ayu karmake bheda aura bandhake kAraNa Ayu karmake cAra bheda haiM - narakAyu, tiryaJcAyu, manuSyAyu aura devAyu / ' yaha prANI jaisA cintana karatA hai vaisA hI usakA pariNAma ho jAtA hai, aura usI prakArake Ayu karmakA baMdha ho jAtA hai| pASANakI rekhAke samAna krodhI. parvatake samAna mAna karane vAlA, bA~sakI jar3ake samAna mAyAcArI aura kRmirAgake samAna lobha karane vAlA jIva narakAyukA bandha karatA hai| AcArya nemicandrane kahA hai ki mithyAdRSTi, bahu ArambhI, tIvra lobhI, raudra pariNAmI aura zIla rahita jIva narakAyukA bandha karatA hai| "mAyA tairyagyonasya" arthAt jo prANI mAyAcArI ho, viparIta mArgakA upadezaka ho, SaDyantra, chala, prapaMca aura bheda utpanna karane vAlA ho, dUsaroMke sadguNoMko chipAnevAlA aura doSoM ko pragaTa karane vAlA Arta-raudra pariNAmI mAyAcArI jIva tiryaJcAyukA bandha karatA hai| ___ "alpArambhaparigrahatvaM mAnuSasya" "svabhAvamArdavaM ca"5 alpArambha, alpa parigraha aura svabhAvakI mRdutAse manuSya AyukA bandha hotA hai / bAlatapa, akAma nirjarA, manda kaSAya, dAna yukta pravRtti aura saMyamake karanese jIva devAyukA vandha karatA hai| jo prANI hamezA dUsare jIvoMkI rakSAmeM tatpara rahatA hai, vaha dIrghAyu isake viparIta parajIvoMkA ghAta karane vAlA alpAyu prApta karatA hai / 6. nAmakarma nAnA minoti nirvartayatItinAma" nAnAprakArakI racanAkaranevAlA "nAmakarma hai|" namayatyAtmAnaM namyate'neneti vA nAma" AtmAko namAnevAlA athavA jisake dvArA AtmA namatA hai, usa karmakobhI nAmakarma kahAjAtA hai| namana rUpa svabhAvake kAraNahI yaha karmajIva ke zuddha svabhAvako AcchAdita karake usakA manuSya, tiryaMca, deva aura nArakAdi paryAya bhedako utpanna karatA hai| manuSya, tithaMcAdi nAmakaraNa karanA hI nAmakarmakI prakRti yA svabhAva hai| nAma karmako citrakArase upamita kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha karma 1. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 10 2. tiloepaNNati, adhikAra 2, gAthA 293 3. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 804 4. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 16 5. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 17, 18 6. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 20-21 7. . bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vinizcaya TIkA, gAthA 446, pR0651 8. gadiyAdi jIva bhedaM dehAdI poggalANa bhedaM c| gadiyaMtarapariNamaNaM karedi NAma aNeyavihaM || gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 12 9. nAmno narakAdi nAmakaraNam, sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 379 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda citrakArakI bhA~ti gati, zarIra, saMsthAna, varNa, gandha Adi vibhinna prakArake citroMse jIvako citrita karatA hai|' nAma karmake bandhake kAraNa nAma karmakI prakRti do prakArase bandhako prApta hotI hai| mana, vacana, kAya kI kuTilatAse, zreyomArgakI nindAse, kuTila mArgameM svayaM pravRtta hone aura anyako pravRtta karAnese azubha nAma karmakA bandha hotA hai| aisA jIva Atma prazaMsA, paranindA karatA huA, pramAdI, viSaya lolupI, hiMsaka aura mithyAbhASI hokara, nitya pApakarmoMse azubha nAma karmakA bandha karatA rahatA hai| isake viparIta mana vacana aura kAya kI saralatA pUrvaka prazama, saMvega, anukampA, AstikyAdi bhAvoMko dhAraNa karanese zubha nAma karmakA bandha hotA hai / isa prakAra zubha kAryoMse zubha nAma karma aura azubha kAryoM se azubha nAma karmakA bandha hotA hai|' anya darzanoMmeM zarIra, jAti, aMgopAMga AdikA racayitA Izvarako mAnA gayA hai, parantu jainadarzanAnusAra saMsArI jIva svayaM nAmakarma yogya pudgaloMko AkarSita karatA hai / bandhako prApta nAma karma hI kAlAntara meM zarIrAdikI racanAke rUpameM phalonmukha hotA hai| nAma karmake bheda nAma karmakI mUla prakRtiyA~ bayAlIsa aura uttara prakRtiyA~ tirAnaveM haiM / 6 ina prakRtiyoMko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai -- piNDa prakRtiyA~, pratyeka prakRtiyA~ sadazaka aura sthAvara dshk| inako agratAlikA dvArA nirdiSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. citrakAra puruSavannAnArUpakaraNatA / vRhad dravyasaMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 33 2. yogavakratA visaMvAda cAzubhasya nAmna: tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 6, sUtra 22 3. tadviparItaM zubhasya, adhyAya 6, sUtra 23 4. zubha: puNyasyAzubha: pApasya, vahI, sUtra 3 5. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 11 6. SaTkhaNDAgama 6, pustaka 1, sUtra 28 7. vIracanda, Ara. gA~dhI, da karma philaoNsaphI 1913, pR0 36, 37 2010_03

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142 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana nAmakarma sthAvara piNDa prakatiyA~ pratyeka prakatiyA~ asadazaka sthAvara dazaka (8) (10) (10) gati 4 paraghAta vasa jAti 5 upaghAta bAdara sUkSma zarIra 5 ucchavAsa paryApta aparyApta aMgopAMga3 Atapa pratyeka sAdhAraNa bandhana 5 udyota sthira asthira saMghAta 5 agurUlaghu azubha saMhanana 6 nirmANa subhaga durbhaga saMsthAna6 tIrthakara susvara dusvara varNa 5 Adeya anAdeya gandha2 yaza:kIrti ayazakIrti rasa5 sparza AnupUrvI 4 vihAyogati 2 nAmakarmake uttara bhedoMkA saMkSipta vivaraNa nimna prakAra kiyA gayA hai1. piNDa prakRtiyA~ ekase adhika prakRtiyoM ke samUhameM nirdiSTa hone vAlI prakatiyoM ko piNDa prakRtiyA~ kahA jAtA hai| ye samUhoMmeM vargIkRta haiM aura saMkhyA meM paiMsaTha haiN| jIvako eka bhavase dUsare bhavako prApta karAne vAlI prakRtiko gati nAma diyA gayA hai| yaha naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devake bhedase cAra prakArakI hai| cAroM gatiyoM meM jIvoMko avyabhicArI aura sAdRzya dharmase ekatrita karane vAlI prakRti, jAti hai / ' ekendriyAdi jIva samAna hokara bhI indriya bhedake kAraNa paraspara ekyako prApta nahIM hote, yahI avyabhicArIpana hai aura indriyatvakI dRSTise samAna hai, yahI sAdRzyatA hai| 1. ekendriya jAti 2. dvIndriya jAti 3. trIndriya jAti 4. caturindriya jAti aura 5. paMcendriya jAtike bhedase jAti pA~ca prakArakI kahI gaI zarIroMkA nirmANa karanevAlI prakRtiko zarIra nAmakarma kahate haiN| yaha 1. audArika 2. vaikriyika 3. AhAraka 4. taijasa aura 5. kArmaNake bhedase pA~ca prakArakA hai| zarIrake 1. SadakhaNDAgama dhavA 1, pR0 135 2. paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArdha, zloka 976-979 3. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 389 4. SaTkhaNDAgama 6/1, sUtra 30 5. gommaTasAra karma kANDa, gAthA 33 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 143 aMgoMko banAne vAlA "aMgopAMga nAma karma" kahalAtA hai / isake tIna bheda haiM . audArika zarIrake aMgoM kI racanA karane vAlA audArika aMgopAMga, vaikriyika zarIrakI racanA karane vAlA vaikriyika aMgopAMga aura AhAraka zarIrakI racanA karane vAlA AhAraka aMgopAMga kahalAtA hai / taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra sUkSma hone ke kAraNa aMgopAMga rahita hote haiN| zarIrakA nirmANa karane vAle pudgala skandhoMko paraspara bA~dhane vAlA karma bandhana nAmakarma hai / bandhana nAmakarmake abhAvameM zarIra lakar3iyoMke Dhera jaisA ho jAtA hai| uparinirdiSTa pA~ca zarIroMke AdhArapara bandhana bhI pA~ca prakArakA ho jAtA hai / vibhinna zarIroMke paramANuoMko paraspara milAkara chidra rahita, eka rUpa karane vAle karmako saMghAta nAma karma kahate haiN| saMghAta ke abhAvameM zarIra tilake modakake samAna apuSTa rahatA hai, yaha bhI pA~ca zarIroMke AdhArapara pA~ca prakArakA hotA hai / zarIrako AkAra pradAnakarane vAlA karma saMsthAna nAmakarma kahalAtA hai| saMsthAna nAmakarma vibhinna prakArake AkArake AdhAra para chaha prakArakA ho jAtA hai - sAmudrika zAstrake anusAra zarIrakI samucita AkRti banAne vAle karmako samacaturasa saMsthAna kahate haiN| nyagrodha arthAt vaTa vRkSake samAna nAbhi ke Uparase moTe aura nIcese patale zarIrakA AkAra banAne vAle karmako nyagrodha parimaMDala kahate haiN| sarpakI bAMbIke samAna Uparase patale aura nIcese moTe zarIra banAne vAle karmako svAti saMsthAna kahate haiM, kubar3A zarIra banAne vAlA karma kubjaka saMsthAna, baunA zarIra banAne vAlA karma vAmana saMsthAna aura bhayAnaka AkRti banAne vAle karma ko huMDaka saMsthAna kahate haiN|" asthi bandhanoMmeM viziSTatA utpanna karane vAlA karma saMhanana nAmakarma kahalAtA hai / veSTana arthAt tvacA, asthi aura kIlIke bandhanoMke AdhArapara ise chaha prakArakA kahA gayA hai - 1. vajraRSabhanArAca 2. vajranArAca 3. nArAca, 4. ardhanArAca 5. kIlita aura 6. asaMprApta sRpATikA | vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana sabase uttama hotA hai, Ageke saMhanana kramaza: hIna hote jAte haiM / - 1. SaTkhaNDAgama6/1, sUtra 37 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIva tattva pradIpikA, gAthA 33 3. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA 6/1, pR053 4. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0390 5. SadakhaNDAgama 6/1 sUtra 34 6. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 390 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana zarIrako raMga pradAnakarane vAlA karma varNa nAmakarma kahalAtA hai / 1. kRSNa 23 nIla 3. rakta 4.pIta aura 5. zvetake bhedase varNa pAMca prakArakA hotA hai / gandha nAmakarma se 1. sugandha tathA 2. durgandhakA bodha hotA hai| 1. tikta 2. kaTu 3. amla 4. madhura aura 5. kaselA, rasa bheda utpanna karane vAlA, rasa nAmakarma hai| 1. kaThora 2. mRdu 3. gurU 4. laghu 5. zIta 6. uSNa 7. snigdha aura 8. rUkSa bhedako utpanna karane vAlA aSTa prakArakA sparza nAmakarma hai|' jIvake deha chor3aneke pazcAt parantu dUsare janmase pUrva, vigraha gatimeM, pUrva zarIrakA AkAra pradAnakarane vAle karmako AnupUrvI nAmakarma kahate haiN| AnupUrvI nAmaka karmazaktikI sahAyatAse hI jIva mRtyuke pazcAt agale bhavameM gamana karatA hai| gatiyoM ke AdhAra para yaha cAra prakArakA hotA hai - 1. narakagatyAnupUrvI 2. tiyaMcagatyAnupUrvI 3. manuSyagatyAnupUrvI aura 4. devagatyAnupUrvI / AkAzameM gamana karane vAle nAmakarmako vihAyogati nAmakarma kahate haiM / manuSya tathA mora AdikI cAlake samAna zubha gamanako 1. prazasta vihAyogati kahate haiM aura U~TakI cAlake samAna azubha gamanako 2. aprazasta vihAyogati kahate haiN|' 2. pratyeka prakRtiyA~ nAmakarmakI kucha prakRtiyA~ aisI haiM jo pRthak-pRthak hI apanA astitva rakhatI haiM, isIlie unheM "pratyeka" saMjJA de dI gaI hai| ye prakRtiyA~ saMkhyAmeM ATha haiM -parajIvoMkA ghAta karane vAle tIkSNa sIMga aura nakha jaise avayava utpanna karane vAle karmako paraghAta nAmakarma kahate haiM, isake viparIta apanA hI upaghAta karane vAle bar3e sIMga sthUlodara jaise avayava utpanna karane vAle karmako upaghAta nAmakarma kahate haiM, zvAsocchavAsa karane vAlA karma ucchavAsa kahalAtA hai, Atapa yukta zarIrakA nirmANa karane vAlA karma Atapa kahalAtA hai, jaise sUryakA bimba aura agni / candramAvat zItala zarIra banAne vAlA udyota nAma karma hai, jo karma zarIrako loheke gole kI bhA~ti bhArI aura AkakI rUIkI taraha halkA na hone de, aise karmako agurUlaghu nAmakarma kahate haiM / zarIrake aMgopAMgakI samucita rUpase mov 1. rAjavArtika, pR0517 2. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 390 3. SaTkhaNDAgama 6/1sUtra 41 4. gomTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 33 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA 6/1, pR059 SaTkhaNDAgama6/1 sUtra 41 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 145 racanA karane vAlA nirmANa nAma karma hai / yaha sthAna nirmANa aura pramANa nirmANake bhedase do prakArakA hai / samucita sthAnapara indriyoMkI racanA karane vAlA sthAna nirmANa kahalAtA hai aura samucita pramANameM indriyoMkI racanA karane vAlA pramANa nirmANa kahalAtA hai| ahaMta padake kAraNa bhUta nAmakarmako tIrthakara nAmakarma kahate haiM / isa prakAra ye ATha pratyeka prakRtiyA~ kahI gayI haiN| 3. prasadazaka trasAdi dasa prakRtiyoMko trasa dazaka kahA jAtA hai| trasa nAmakarmake udayase jIvakA dvIndriyAdikameM janma hotA hai| sthUla zarIra ko prApta karAne vAlA karma bAdara nAmakarma hotA hai| AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchavAsa, bhASA aura mana, ina chaha paryAptiyoMko pUrNa karAne vAlA karma paryAptinAmakarma hotA hai| eka zarIrakA eka jIvahI svAmI ho, aisA nAmakarma pratyeka zarIra nAmakarma kahalAtA hai| zarIrakI dhAtuoM tathA upadhAtuoMko sthira rakhane vAle karma ko sthira nAmakarma kahate haiM, isake dvArA rogoMkA zamana hotA hai| zarIrake avayavoMko sundara banAne vAlA karma zubha nAmakarma hai| dUsaroMko sundara pratIta hone vAle zarIrakI prApti "subhaganAmakarma" se hotI hai / svarakI madhuratA susvara nAmakarmase hotI hai, kAntiyukta zarIrako prApta karAne vAlA Adeya nAmakarma hai aura saMsArameM jIvakI prazaMsA aura kIrtikA prasAra karane vAlA yaza: kIrti nAmakarma hai / isa prakArase dasa trasAdi prakRtiyA~ haiN| 4. sthAvara dazaka sthAvarAdi dasa prakRtiyoMko sthAvara dazaka kahA jAtA hai / pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati Adi ekendriyoM meM utpanna karAne vAlA sthAvara nAmakarma hai|' parasparameM pratighAta na hone vAle zarIrakI prApti sUkSma nAmakarma se hotI hai / AhArAdi paryAptiyoMkI apUrNatA aparyApti nAma karma ke udayase hotI hai| sAdhAraNa nAmakarmake udayase eka zarIrameM hI aneka jIvoMko svAmitva prApta hotA hai| asthira nAmakarma zarIrakI dhAtuoM aura upadhAtuoMko sthira avasthAmeM nahIM rahane detA aura zarIrako rogI banA detA hai| asundara zarIrakI prApti karAne vAlA azubha nAmakarma hai / kAnti rahita zarIrakI prApti karAne vAlA anAdeya nAmakarma 1. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 389 2. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 33 3. (ka) gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIva tattvapradIpikA, gAthA 33 (kha) "yadudayAd dvIndriyAdiSu janma tat sa nAma" sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 39 4. "yannimitta ekendriyeSu prAdurbhAvastatsthAvara nAma sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 391 2010_03

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146 jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta-eka adhyayana hai / guNa hone para bhI dUsaroMko acchA na lage aise karmako durbhaga nAmakarma kahate haiM kaTu svara utpanna karAne vAlA karma dusvara nAmakarma kahalAtA hai / saMsArameM jIvakA apayaza karAne vAlA karma ayaza: kIrti nAmakarma hai| 7. gotra karma gommaTasArake anusAra santAna kramase cale Ane vAle jIvake AcaraNako gotra saMjJA dI gaI hai / ' jaise kumhAra choTe athavA bar3e ghaToMko banAtA hai vaise hI gotra karma jIvako ucca athavA nIca kulameM utpanna karatA hai / gotra, kula, vaMza aura santAna ye saba ekArthavAcaka nAma haiM / gotra karmake bheda va bandhake kAraNa gotra karmakI ucca gotra aura nIca gotrakI do prakRtiyA~ haiM / jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, jJAnAdikI vizeSatA honepara bhI bar3appana athavA ahaMkArakI pratIti na karane vAlA, sarala, vinayI aura bhasmase DhakI agnikI bhA~ti apane guNoM aura dUsare ke doSoM ko chipAne vAlA jIva ucca gotrakA bandha karatA hai / jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, jJAnAdimeM apane ko ucca samajhakara, ahaMkAra tathA mAyA yukta pravRtti karane vAlA aura bhasmase DhakI agnikI bhA~ti apane doSoM aura dUsare ke guNoM ko AcchAdana karane vAlA jIva nIca gotrakA bandha karatA hai / " mahattvazAlI, lokapUjita kuloM meM utpanna karAne vAlI prakRti ucca gotra hai aura nindita, daridra aura du:khAkula kuloMmeM utpanna karAne vAlI prakRti nIca gotra hai / 5 8 ka. antarAya karma antarAya zabdakA artha vighna hai, antara arthAt madhyameM, vighna banakara Ane vAlA karma " antarAya karma" kahalAtA hai|' yaha karma bhaNDArI kI taraha jIvake dAna, lAbha Adi kAryoM meM bAdhaka bana jAtA hai, ' arthAt jisa prakAra bhaMDArameM apAra sampatti hote hue bhI bhaMDArI usake denemeM vighna banatA hai, vaise hI jIvake pAsa ananta dAna, lAbhAdi kI zakti hote hue bhI antarAya karma usa zaktike 1. (ka) gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIvatattvapradIpikA, gAthA 33; (kha) sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 392 gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 13 2. 3. vRhad dravya saMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 33 4. (ka) rAjavArtika, pR0 531; (kha) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vinizcaya TIkA, pR0 653 5. rAjavArtika, pR0 531 6. dhavalA, 13, 5, pR0 389 7. bhANDAgArikavaddAnAdivighnakaraNateti, gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 21 2010_03

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147 karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda upayogameM bAdhaka banatA hai| antarAya karmake bheda aura bandhake kAraNa antarAya karmake pAMca bheda kahe gaye haiM - "dAnalAbhabhogopabhogavIryANAm" dAnAntarAya, lAbhAntarAya, bhogAntarAya, upabhogAntarAya, aura vIryAntarAya / dAnAntarAyake kAraNa jIva dene kI icchA rakhate hue bhI dAna nahIM de sakatA, lAbhAntarAyake kAraNa kisI bhI prakArakI vastuko prApta karane kI icchA hote hue bhI jIva use prApta nahIM kara sakatA, bhogAntarAyake kAraNa jIva bhogane kI icchA rakhate hue bhI bhoga nahIM sktaa| alaMkArAdi upabhogake sAdhana hote hue bhI unako bhoga na pAnA upabhogAntarAya hai aura utsAhita hone kI icchA rakhate hue bhI utsAhita na ho pAnA vIryAntarAya hai| vIrya eka prakArakI zakti vizeSa hotI hai| antarAya karma usa zaktimeM bAdhaka ho jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa vyakti jAnatA huA bhI karane yogya kArya nahIM kara pAtA / dUsaroM ke dAnalAbhAdi kAryoM meM vidhna DAlane vAlA jIva hI antarAya karmakA bandha karake svayaM dAna lAbhAdise vaMcita ho jAtA hai / 2. sthiti bandha karmoM kA vibhAjana unake sthiti kAlake AdhArapara bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai | kucha karma kSaNa bharameM hI naSTa ho jAte haiM aura kucha karma hajAroM varSakA samaya lete haiN| yaha samaya parimANa hI sthitibandha hai| sthitikA artha hai avasthAna kAla, yaha gatise viparIta arthakA vAcaka hai | jIvake rAgAdi bhAvoMkA nimitta pAkara, uparokta aSTavidha karmoM meM pariNata vargaNAyeM jitane samaya taka jIvake sAtha baddha rahatI haiM, utane samayako hI, usa karmakI sthiti kahA jAtA hai / pUjyapAdajIne isakA udAharaNa dete hue kahA hai - jaise gAya, bhaiMsa, bakarI Adike dUdhakA mAdhurya eka nizcita kAla taka hI rahatA hai, usake pazcAt vaha vikRta hone lagatA hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA svabhAva bhI eka nizcita kAla taka hI rahatA hai / yaha nizcita kAla hI karmoM kA sthiti bandha kahalAtA hai / dhavalAkArane sthitibandha kI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai ki mana-vacana-kAyakI kriyAke or mor 1. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 13 2. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 394 3. harTa oNpha jainiz2ama , pR0 162 4. sarvArthasiddhi, pR022 5. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 379 2010_03

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148 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana phalasvarUpa karmameM pariNata pudgala skandha kaSAyake vazIbhUta hokara jitane kAla paryanta jIvake sAtha baddhAvasthAmeM rahate haiM utane kAlako karmoM kA sthitibandha kahate haiN| kaSAyakI mandatA aura tIvratAke anusAra hI karmoM kI sthitimeM antara par3atA tiryaJcAyu, manuSyAyu aura devAyuko chor3akara saba prakRtiyoM kA utkRSTa sthiti bandha, utkaTa saMkleza pariNAmase hotA hai aura jaghanya bandha utkaTa vizuddhapariNAmase hotA hai / ukta tInoM AyukA utkRSTa sthiti bandha utkaTa vizuddhapariNAmase aura jaghanya sthiti bandha, utkaTa saMkleza pariNAmoMse hotA gaNita paricaya jaina darzanameM sthitibandhakA varNana alaukika gaNitake dvArA kiyA gayA hai isa kAraNa yahA~ usa gaNitakA sAmAnya pramANa jAna lenA Avazyaka hai / ' eka karoDako eka karor3ase guNA karane para jo labdha Ave use kor3AkoI. kahate haiM / dasa kor3AkoDI addhApalyoM kA eka sAgara hotA hai / addhApalyake kAlako jAnane ke lie eka upamA dI gaI hai - do hajAra kosa gahare, do hajAra kosa caur3e gola gaDhemeM, bher3ake bAloM ko itanA choTA karake DAlo ki usakA dUsarA bhAga na ho sake / pratyeka sau varSa bAda eka-eka bAla nikAlane para jitane varSoM meM vaha pUrA bharA huA gaDhA rikta ho, utane varSoM kA eka vyavahAra palya hai / vyavahAra palyase asaMkhyAta guNA uddhAra palya hotA hai aura uddhArapalyase asaMkhyAta guNA addhApalya hotA hai / ar3atAlIsa minaTakA eka muhUrta hotA hai / AvalIse Upara aura muhUrtase nIce ke kAlako antarmuhUrta kahate haiM / eka zvAsameM saMkhyAta AvalI hotI hai / nIroga purUSakI nAr3Ike eka bAra calaneko zvAsocchavAsa kahate haiN| eka muhUrta meM tIna hajAra sAta sau tihattara zvAsocchavAsa hote haiN| __ jainAgamameM vibhinna karmoM kI jaghanya tathA utkRSTa sthitike samayakA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa nirdhAraNase tAtparya hai ki ve karma usa nizcita samayake pazcAt pake phalakI bhA~ti jIvase svayaM pRthak ho jAte haiN| karmakA bandha ho jAne ke 1.. (ka) SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA, 6/1 pR0 146 (kha) ke.sI.sogAnI, ethikala DaoNkTarAina ina jainijama 1967, pR050 2. gommTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 134 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga do, pR0 216 2010_03

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karmabandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 149 pazcAt ve usI samaya phalonmukha nahIM ho sakate, apitu kucha kAla pazcAt paripakva dazAko prApta hokara hI udayameM Ate haiM, isa madhyavartIkAlako hI AbAdhA kAla kahate haiM / ' agrima cArTa meM abAdhAkAla aura karmoM kI jaghanya tathA utkRSTa sthiti nirdiSTa kI gaI hai / samasta karmoMkI utkRSTa tathA jaghanya sthiti aura utkRSTa tathA jaghanya AbAdhAkAlako nimna sAriNI meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / aSTa karmoM kI utkRSTa tathA jaghanya sthiti aura AbAdhAkAla mUlaprakRti utkRSTa sthiti jaghanya sthiti 1. jJAnAvaraNIya 2. darzanAvaraNIya 30 kor3akor3I sAgara " " 70 " Dao 33 sAgara 20 kor3okor3IsAgara Shi 3. vedanIya 4. mohanIya 5. Ayu 6. nAma 7. gotra 8. antarAya 30 antarmuhUrta tIna hajAra varSa tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva ina tIna Ayuko chor3akara, zeSa sabhI prakRtiyoM kI sthitikA utkRSTa bandha utkRSTa saMkleza pariNAmoM se hotA hai aura jaghanya sthiti bandha usase viparIta arthAt saMklezake kama hone se hotA hai / " 5 . 2010_03 " antarmuhUrta 12 muhUrta antarmuhUrta " 8 muhUrta " utkRSTa AbAdhAkAla tIna hajAra varSa gommaTasAra karmakANDa, jIva tattvaM pradIpikA, gAthA 134 " " sAta hajAra varSa 1 / 3 pUrva koTAkoTi do hajAra varSa jaghanya * AbAdhAkAla antarmuhUrta 39 , 5 21 " tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva ina tInoM AyukA utkRSTa sthiti bandha, utkRSTa vizuddha pariNAmoMse aura jaghanya sthiti bandha usase viparIta arthAt saMkleza pariNAmoMse hotA hai / " 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR0 258 2. AditastisRNAmantarAyasya ca triMzatsAgaropamakoTIkoTayaH parA sthiti: saptatimahanIyasya, nAmagotrayoviMzatiH, trayastriMzatasAgaropamANyAyuSyasya tattvArtha sUtra, 8 sUtra 14 - 17 3. aparAdvAdazamuhUrtAvedanIyasya, nAmagotrayoraSTau, zeSANAmantarmuhUrtam vahI, sUtra 18-20 4. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 4, pR0 461 5. paMca saMgraha prAkRta, adhikAra 4, zloka 425 6. "

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150 3. anubhAga bandha vividha karmoM ke pAka arthAt phala denekI zaktiko anubhava yA anubhAga kahate haiM / anubhAga bandhakI paribhASA karate hue umAsvAmI ne kahA hai "vipAko'nubhava: "" anubhAga bandha karmoM ke nAmake anusAra hI hotA hai| umAsvAmIne sUtrameM kahA hai " sa yathAnAma" 2 arthAt jJAnAvaraNI karmakA phala jJAnake abhAvako anubhava karanA, darzanAvaraNI karmakA phala darzanake abhAvako anubhava karanA aura vedanIya karma kA phala sAtA athavA asAtAko anubhava karanA hai / isI prakAra anya sabhI karmoMkA phala usake nAmake anusAra bhinna-bhinna hotA hai / yaha anubhAga bandha kaSAyoM kI tIvratA mandatA aura dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAvake anusAra aneka prakArakA hotA hai / zubhakarmoM meM anubhAga sukha rUpa aura azubha karmoM meM anubhAga duHkha rUpa hotA hai / bakarI gAya aura bhaiMsake dUdhameM jisa prakAra pRthak pRthak tIvra mandAdi mAdhurya vizeSa hotA hai, usI prakAra karmapudgaloM meM apanI apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra hI anubhava athavA anubhAga hotA hai / ' jIvake bhAvoM ke anusAra hI phaladAna zaktimeM taratamatA hotI hai| jaise ubalate hue telakI eka bUMda zarIrako jalA DAlatI hai, parantu kama garma mana bhara tela bhI zarIrako jalAne meM samartha nahIM hai, isI prakAra adhika anubhAga yukta thor3ese karma jIvake guNoM kA ghAta karane meM samartha hote haiM, parantu alpa anubhAga yukta adhika karma bhI jIvake guNoM kA ghAta karanemeM samartha nahIM hote| isI kAraNa karmavandharmo anubhAgakI hI pradhAnatA hai / karma pradezoM ke adhika hone para yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki karma ke anubhAgameM bhI vRddhi ho kyoMki anubhAga bandha kaSAyase hotA hai / I jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta- eka adhyayana zrImatI sTIvanasanane karmazaktikI mandatA aura tIvratA ko eka udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa citrita kiyA hai - do lar3akoM kI geMda gAyapara laga jAtI hai| eka lar3akA geMda lagane para bahuta pachatAtA hai aura dUsarA gauravakA anubhava karatA hai / pachatAne vAle lar3ake ke karmakA anubhAga manda hogA aura dUsarekA tIvra anubhAga hogA / " zakti vAlA anubhAga eka deza rUpase guNoMkA ghAta karatA hai, isI 1. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 21 2. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 22 3. teSAmeva dugdhAnAM tAratamayena rasagatazaktivizeSo'nubhAgo bhavyate tathA jIvapradezasthita karma skandhAnAmapi sukhadu:khadAna samartha zakti vizeSo'nubhAgabandho vijJeyaH " dravyasaMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 33 4. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA 12/4, pR0 115 5. harTa oNpha jainijama, pR0 162 2010_03

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karmabandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 151 kAraNa ise dezaghAtI kahA jAtA hai aura adhika zakti vAlA anubhAga pUrNa rUpeNa kA ghAta karatA hai, isI kAraNa use sarvaghAtI kahA jAtA hai / pApa prakRtiyoM kA anubhAga pApa athavA azubha hI hotA hai aura puNya prakRtiyoMkA anubhAgaM puNya athavA zubha hI hotA hai / prakRtiyoMmeM anubhAga bandha jJAnAvaraNAdi cAra ghAtiyA karmoM kI mUla saiMtAlIsa prakRtiyoMkA anubhAga bandha saMkleza pariNAmoMkI taratamatAke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya nemicandra ne prakRtiyoMkI taratamAvasthA ko latA, dArU, asthi aura zailake udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai / " anubhAgakI adhikatA uttarottara ghAtakI adhikatAkI sUcaka hai / latA aura dArUkA dRSTAnta alpa athavA dezaghAtI prakRtiyoM kA sUcaka hai| asthi aura zailakA dRSTAnta sarvaghAtI prakRti kA sUcaka hai / sarvaghAtI prakRtiyA~ Atmazaktike eka bhI aMzako pragaTa nahIM hone detI / ghAtiyA - aghAtiyA karma nirdeza anubhAgakI dRSTise mUlottara karma prakRtiyoM kA do rUpoM meM vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai - ghAtiyA karma aura aghAtiyA karma / jIva ke antaraMga bhAva mukhyata: cAra koTiyoM meM vibhAjita kiye jA sakate haiM - jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya, 3 ina cAroM bhAvoMke vikRta athavA AcchAdita karane vAle ghAtiyA karma bhI unake anurUpa hI cAra prakArake hote haiM - jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya / 1 jJAnako AcchAdita karane vAlI prakRti jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanako AcchAdita karane vAlI prakRti darzanAvaraNIya, manako vikRta karane vAlI prakRti mohanIya aura vighnakI kAraNabhUtA antarAya nAmakI prakRti hai / ghAtiyA karma prakRtiyA~ bhI do prakAra kI haiM - sarvaghAtI prakRtiyA~ aura dezaghAtI prakRtiyA~ / " apanese pratibaddha jIvake guNoM ko pUrI tarahase ghAtane kA jisa anubhAgakA svabhAva hai, usa anubhAgako sarvaghAtI kahate haiM aura vivakSita eka 1. sattI ya ladAdArU aTThIselovayA hu ghAdINaM / dArUaNaMtima bhAgotti desaghAdI tado savvaM // gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 180 2. tANa puNaghAditti aghAditti ya hoMti saNNAo, gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 7 3. pUrvanirdiSTa, adhyAya do / 4. tatra jJAnadarzanAvaraNamohAntarAyAkhyA: ghAtikA / rAjavArtika, pR0 584 5. "ghAtikAzcApi dvividhAH sarvaghAtikA: dezaghAtikAzca rAjavArtika, pR0 584 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana dezarUpase AtmaguNoMkA AcchAdana karane vAlI karma prakRtiyoMko dezaghAtI kahate haiN|' kevalajJAnAvAraNa, darzanAvaraNaSaTka - (pAMcanidrA aura kevaladarzanAvaraNa) mohanIyakI bAraha - (anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAna aura pratyAkhyAna catuSka) aura mizra va mithyAtva ye ikkIsa prakRtiyA~ sarvaghAtI haiN| samyagmithyAtva abandha prakRti hai| zeSa cAra jJAnAvaraNa, tIna darzanAvaraNa, pAMca antarAya, samyakatva, saMjvalana catuSka aura no nokaSAya ye chabbIsa dezaghAtI prakRtiyA~ haiN|' . isI prakAra zeSa cAra karma vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra meM jIvake jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIryAdi guNoMkA vinAza karane kI zakti nahIM pAyI jaatii| isalie ye karma aghAtiyA karma kahalAte haiM / jIva vipAkI nAma aura vedanIya karmoko ghAtiyA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki unakA kArya anAtmabhUta subhaga, durbhaga Adi jIva paryAyoMko utpanna karanA hai, inameM jIvake guNoMkA vinAza karane kI zakti nahIM hotii|' vedanIya karma rati aura arati mohanIya karma ke sAtha hI jIvake guNoMko ghAtatA hai, isa kAraNa ise ghAtiyAmeM mohanIyase pahale ginA hai| yaha svayaM aghAtiyA hai parantu mohanIyake saMyogase ghAtiyAvat kArya karatA hai|6 isI prakAra antarAya karmako yadyapi ghAtiyAkarma anubhAgameM hI ginA hai, parantu nAma, gotra aura vedanIya, ina tIna karmake nimitta se hI isakA vyApAra hai| isI kAraNa aghAtiyAke pIche antameM antarAya karma kahA hai / antarAyakarmakA nAza zeSa tIna ghAtiyA karmoM ke nAzakA avinAbhAvI hai aura antarAya karmakA nAza ho jAne para aghAtiyA karma bhune hue bIjake samAna ni:zakta ho jAte haiM / ghAtiyA aghAtiyA karma prakRtiyoM ko agrima tAlikAmeM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai 1. "sarvaprakAreNAtmaguNapracchAdikA:karmazaktaya:sarvaghAtisparddhakAnimaNyante, vivakSitekadezena AtmaguNa pracchAdikA: zakataya: dezaghAtisparddhakAni bhaNyante vRhadravya saMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 34 2. kevalaNANAvaraNaM daMsaNachakkaM ca moha bArasayaM / tAsavvaghAisaNNA missaM micchattameyavIsadimaM / paMcasaMgraha prAkRta gAthA, 483 3. NANAvaraNacaukkaM dasaNatigamaMtarAige pNc| taM hoMti dezaghAI samma saMjalaNa NokasAyA ya |paMcasaMgraha prAkRta, gAyA 484 4. "jIva guNaviNAsasattIe abhAvA" SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA 7/2, pR0 62 5. "jIkguNaviNAsayattatavirahAdo" vahI, pR0 63 6. ghAdiva veyaNIrya mohassa valeNa ghAdade jIvaM" gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 19 7. zeSa ghAtitritayavinAzAvinAbhAvino bhraSTabIjavannizaktikRtAghAtikarmaNI.....1, SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA 1/1 pR044 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda * ghAtiyA 47 dezaghAtI 26 jJAnAvaraNa 4 darzanAvaraNa 3 mohanIya 14 antarAya 5 mati samyakmoha 1 dAna * cakSu zruta acakSu avadhi avadhi mana:paryaya ghAtiyA - aghAtiyA karma prakRtiyoM kI tAlikA kula prakRtiyA~ 148 vedanIya 2 sAtA asAtA saMjvalana 4 lAbha nokaSAya 9 bhoga upabhoga vIrya Ayu 4 naraka tiryaMca manuSya deva 2010_03 aghAtiyA 101 aghAtiyA 101 sarvaghAtI, 21 jJAnAvaraNa 1 darzanAvaraNa 6 mohanIya 14 kevala kevala mithyAtva moha 1 nidrA mizramoha 1 nidrA-nidrA anantAnubandhI 4 pracalA apratyAkhyAna4 pracalApracalA pratyAkhyAna 4 styAnagRddhi nAma 93 piNDa prakRtiyA~ 65 pratyeka prakRtiyA~ 8 trasa dasaka 10 sthAvara dazaka 10 gotra 2 noTa H nAmakarma kI prakRtiyoM ke bhedoM ke nAma pIche nAmakarma meM dekhe / 153 ucca nIca

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154 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayI vipAkakI apekSA 148 karma prakRtiyoMkI tAlikA (78) jIva vipAkI' (62) pudgala vipAkI (4) kSetra vipAkI' (4) bhavavipAkI naraka gatyAnupUrvI tiryanca gatyAnupUrvI manuSya gatyAnupUrvI devagatyAnupUrvI narakAyu tiryancAyu manuSyAyu devAyu 8 sparza 5jJAnAvaraNIya 5zarIra 9 darzanAvaraNIya 5 saMghAta 28 mohanIya 6 saMsthAna 5antarAya 6 saMhanana (ye 47ghAtiyA haiM) 3 aMgopAMga 2 gotra 5 varNa 2 vihAyogati 2 gandha 4 gati 5rasa 5jAti 1 tIrthaMkara 1 agurUlaghu 1trasa 1 upaghAta 1sthAvara 1 paraghAta 1 yaza:kIrti 1 Atapa 1 ayaza:kIrti 1 udyota 1bAdara 1 nirmANa 1sUkSma 1 pratyeka zarIra 1 paryApta 1 sAdhAraNa zarIra 1 aparyApta 1 sthira 1 Adeya 1 asthira .1 anAdeya 1 zubha 1 susvara 1 azubha 1 dusvara 5bandhana 1 subhaga 1zvAsocchavAsa 1. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 49-51 2. vahI, gAthA 47 3. vahI, gAthA 48 4. vahI, gAthA 48 2010_03

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khAr3a latA dArU kama bandhake kAraNa tathA bhadaprabheda 155 puNya aura pApa prakRtiyoM cAra ghAtiyA karmoMkI saiMtAlIsa prakRtiyA~ pApa rUpa hotI haiN| vedanIya, Ayu, nAma, aura gotra, ina cAra adhAtiyA karmokI eka sau eka prakRtiyoMkA vibhAjana puNya aura pApa donoMmeM kiyA jA sakatA hai, inheM prazasta aura aprazasta bhI kahA jAtA hai| puNya prakRtiyoM ke anubhAgakI upamA gur3a, khAMDa, zakkara aura amRtase kI gaI hai, jo uttarottara adhika miSTatAkI sUcaka haiN| puNya prakRtiyoMkI phaladAna zakti bhI uttarottara adhika hotI jAtI hai| pApa prakRtiyoMke anubhAga kI upamA nIma, kaoNjI, viSa aura halAhalase dI gaI hai| jo uttarottara adhika kaTutAkI sUcaka haiM | pApa prakRtiyoMkI phaladAna zakti bhI uttarottara adhika hotI jAtI hai| ina dRSTAntoMko nimna sAriNI dvArA spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA haiprakRtiyA~ uttarottara adhika anubhAga ke sUcaka dRSTAnta puNya prakRtiyA~ gur3a zakkara amRta pApa prakRtiyA~ nIma kaoNjI viSa halAhala ghAtiyA prakRtiyA~ asthi zaila dezaghAtI latA - - sarvaghAtI - asthi zaila ghAtiyA aghAtiyA samasta eka sau aDatAlIsa prakRtiyoMko puNya pApa athavA prazasta aprazastakI dRSTise agrima tAlikAmeM nAma nirdezana kiyA gayA hai| ___ noTa: saMketoM ke pUre nAma prakRti paricaya meM diye jA cuke haiN| puNya pApa karma prakRtiyoM kI tAlikA ___ nAma bheda puNya prakRtiyA~ bheda pApa prakRtiyoM ka. ghAtiyA 1. jJAnAvaraNIya mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya kevala 2. darzanAvaraNIya cakSu, acakSu, avadhi, kevala, nidrA, nidrAnidrA, pracalA, pracalA-pracalA, stayAnagRddha 3. antarAya - - 5 dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga , vIrya 1. mohanIya2 .. 1. "zubhAghAtikarma saMbaMdhinI purnaguDakhaNDazarkarAmRtarUpeNa caturdhA bhavati" dravyasaMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 33 1. "azubhAghAtikarma saMbaMdhinI nimbakAMnIraviSa halAhala rUpeNa caturdhA bhavati" dravyasaMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 33 1. (ka) gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 41-44 (kha) tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 25-26 dArU - - 2010_03

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156 nAma a. darzana mohanIya ba. cAritra mohanIya kha. aghAtiyA 5. vedanIya 6. Ayu 7. gotra 8. nAma karma gati jAti zarIra bandhana saMghAta nirmANa aMgopAMga saMsthAna saMhanana sparzAdi AnupUrvI agarulaghu upaghAta paraghAta Atapatrika vihAyogati trasa catuSka sthAvara catuSka subhagaSaTaka dubhaMga SaTaka tIrthaMkaratva bheda 1 3 1 2 1 5 5 5 1 3 1 1 20 2 : 1 1 3 1 4 1 puNya prakRtiyA~ sAtAvedanIya manuSya tiryaca deva ucca gotra 2010_03 manuSya, deva paMcendriya 9 au0, vai0 A0 tai0, kA0 au0, vai0, A0 tai0, kA0 au0, vai0, A0 tai0, kA0 nirmANa au0, vai0, A0, samacaturasra vajravRSabhanArAca 8 sparza, 5 rasa, 2 gaMdha 5 varNa deva, manuSya agarulaghu paraghAta Atapa, udyota, ucchavAsa prazasta trasa, bAdara, pratyeka, paryApta 6 subhaga, susvara, sthira, zubha, Adeya, yazaH bheda 3 25 1 1 1 2 4 5 5 20 2 1 jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana pApa prakRtiyA~ mithyAtva, samyak midhyAtva, samyak 16 kaSAya 9 nokaSAya 4 asAtAvedanIya naraka Ayu nIca gotra tiryaMca, naraka ekendriya, dvIndriya trIndraya, caturindraya nyagrodha, svAti, kubjaka, vAmana, huMDaka vajranArAca, ardhanArAca, nArAca, kIlaka, asaMprAptasRpATikA 8 sparza, 5 rasa, 2 gaMdha, 5 varNa naraka, tiryaMca aprazasta sthAvara, sUkSma, sAdhAraNa, aparyApta dubhaMga, dusvara, asthira, azubha, anAdeya, ayaza 1 tIrthaMkara 68 100 noTa- sparzAdi kI 20 prakRtiyAM puNya tathA pApa donoM meM garbhita kI haiN| ata: (100+68)-20 = 148

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 4. pradeza bandha jaina darzanameM karma bandhakA vibhAjana kamoM ke ghanatvake AdhAra para bhI kiyA gayA hai| kucha karma atyadhika karma pudgaloMke aura kucha karma alpa pudgaloMke samUha rUpa hote haiM, isa prakAra ghanatvakI dRSTise kiyA gayA bandha pradeza bandha kahalAtA hai|' pradezakA lakSaNa karate hue jayadhavalA TIkAmeM kahA gayA hai - "nirbhAga - AkAzAvayava: pradeza: 2 AkAzakA aisA avayava jisakA dUsarA vibhAga na ho sake arthAt AkAzake avibhAgI aMzako pradeza kahate haiM aura yaha avibhAgI aMza eka paramANuke samAna sthAna gheratA hai| pUjyapAdajI ne pradeza zabdakA vyutpatti artha karate hue kahA hai- "pradizyante iti pradezA: paramANava:"3 arthAta pradezoMkA digdarzana paramANuoM dvArA hotA hai| karma prakRtiyoM ke kAraNabhUta sUkSma, ekakSatrAvagAhA, anantAnanta pudgalaparamANuoMkA Atma pradezoM ke sAtha saMbaMdhako prApta honA hI pradeza bandha kahalAtA hai| jinendra varNIjI ne kozameM isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra akhaNDa AkAzameM pradeza bhedakI kalpanA karake ananta pradeza batAye gaye haiM, usI prakAra sabhI karmoM meM pradezoMkI gaNanAkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| upacArase pudgala paramANuko bhI pradeza kahate haiN| pudgala karmoM ke pradezoMkA jIvake pradezoMke sAtha bandhako prApta honA pradezabandha kahA gayA hai|" pradeza bandha, karma rUpase pariNata pudgala skandhoM ke paramANuoM kI saMkhyAkA nirdhAraNa karatA hai / mana, vacana aura kAyake yogoMkI tIvratA hone para adhika pradezoMkA bandha hotA hai aura mandatA honepara alpa pradezoMkA bandha hotA hai| isa prakAra yogazaktikI hInAdhikatA para hI karmaparamANuoMkI hInAdhikatA avalambita hai| jaba taka yaha jIva karmabandhakI kAraNabhUtA kaSAya viziSTa, mana vacana kAya ke yogoMkI pravRtti ko nahIM rokatA, taba taka bandhakI zrRMkhalA nirantara banI rahatI hai| pravRtti ko rokanepara hI bandha zrRMkhalAkA viccheda hotA hai| 1. harTa Apha jainijama, pR0 162 2. kavAya pAhuDa, 2/2 pR07 3. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 192 4. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 24 5. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR0 135 6. "iyattAvadhAraNa pradeza: sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 379 7. uddhRta jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga tIna, pR0 136 2010_03

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158 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana ___eka samayameM jitane karma pradezajIvake sAtha saMyukta hote haiM, usasaMkhyAko ekasamaya prabaddha kahA jAtA hai| paMca saMgrahake anusAra eka jIva pAMca rasa, pAMca varNa, do gandha aura zItAdi cAra sparza rUpameM pariNata pudgala paramANuoMko eka samayameM grahaNa karatA hai|' jIvake bhAvoMkA nimitta pAkara pratisamaya jitane paramANusvayaM karma rUpameM pariNata hote haiM unakA aSTa mUla prakRtiyoMmeM hInAdhika rUpase vibhAjana ho jAtA hai| mUla prakRtiyoMmeM Ayu karmake pradeza sabase alpa mAtrAmeM hote haiM, nAma aura gotra karmakA bhAga Ayu karmase adhika hotA hai, parantu paraspara meM samAna hotA hai| nAma aura gotrase adhika bhAga jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya aura antarAya karmakA hotA hai / ina tInoMke pradeza paraspara samAna mAtrAmeM hote haiN| ina tInoMse bhI adhika bhAga mohanIya karmakA hotA hai| mohanIya karmase bhI adhika bhAga vedanIyakA hotA hai kyoMki vedanIya karma sukha du:kha kA nimitta hotA hai / yaha pratikSaNa nirjIrNa hotA rahatA hai| zeSa sAta karmoM ke pradeza bandhakI hInAdhikatA sthiti bandha ke samAna hI hai| uttara prakRtiyoM meM pradeza bandhakA vibhaktIkaraNa nimna prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura mohanIya kI uttara prakRtiyoM meM pradezoM kI mAtrA kramaza: hIna hotI jAtI hai / jaise jJAnAvaraNIya karmameM matijJAnAvaraNake sabase adhika karma pradeza hote haiM, zrutajJAnAvaraNa Adi ke kramaza: usase hIna hote jote haiN| isI prakAra darzanAvaraNa aura mohanIya ke karma pradeza bhI kramaza: hIna hote jAte hai | nAmakarma aura antarAya karmakI uttara prakRtiyoM meM pradezoM kI mAtrA kramaza: bar3hatI jAtI hai kyoMki dAnAntarAyameM sabase hIna aura vIryAntarAyameM sabase adhika pradezoMkI.mAtrA hotI hai / vedanIya, gotra aura Ayu karma ke pradeza uttaraprakRtiyoM meM vibhakta nahIM hote, kyoMki eka samayameM sAtA yA asAtAmeM se eka hI vedanIya karma, ucca aura nIcameM se eka hI gotra karma, aura cAra AyumeM se eka samayameM eka hI AyukarmakA bandha 1. paMca saMgraha prAkRta, adhikAra 4, gAthA 495 2. AugabhAgo thovo NAmAgode samo tado ahiyo| ghAditiye viya tatto mohe tattotado tadie / gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 192 3. suhRdukkhaNimittA dovahuNijjaragotti veynniiyss| savvehito bahugaM davvaM hoditti NidiLeM / / vahI, gAthA 193 4. uttarapayar3Isu puNo mohAvaraNA havaMti hiinnkmaa| ahiyakamA puNaNAmA vigdhA yaNabhaMjaNa seMse gommaTasAra karmakANDa. gAthA 196 oc 2010_03

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karma bandhake kAraNa tathA bhedaprabheda 159 hotA hai| . isa prakAra karmabandhameM vibhinna karma prakRtiyoM meM pradezoM kI hInAdhikatAko darzAne ke lie hI pradeza bandhakA sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai / niSkarSa uparokta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda aura kaSAya ye pAMca karmabandhake kAraNa hote haiN| ina bhAva karmoM ke nimitta se hI jJAnAvaraNAdi dravya karmoM kA Agamana hotA rahatA hai / jIvakI pratyeka kriyAmeM ye karma chipe hote haiM, isI kAraNa pUrva karma phalonmukha hokara jIva se pRthaka ho jAte haiN| bandhako prApta karma kevala eka prakArakA hI nahIM hotA, jisa prakAra khAyA huA bhojana paca jAnepara rakta, mAMsa Adi anekavidha rUpoM meM badala jAtA hai, usI prakAra bandhako prApta karmoM kA svabhAva bhI aneka prakArakA ho jAtA hai| kucha karma jJAnapara AvaraNa DAlate haiM aura kucha avalokana zaktipara, kucha karma jIvake svAbhAvika guNoMko naSTa kara DAlate haiM aura kucha karma jIvake svAbhAvika guNoMko naSTa na karate hue bhI zarIra, Ayu, gotra Adi sthUla rUpoM meM dRSTigocara hote haiN| uparokta nirdiSTa karma kI eka sau ar3atAlIsa prakRtiyA~ du:kha rUpa hotI haiM, aura kucha sukha rUpa, kucha pApa rUpa hotI haiM aura kucha puNya rUpa / isa prakAra se karmabandhake svabhAvakA sUkSmatama vizleSaNa jaina darzanameM hI kiyA gayA hai / jaina darzanameM karma ke svabhAvakI vyAkhyA karane vAlI karma prakRtiyoM kA atyadhika vistRta vivecana prApta hotA hai / jaina mAnya sampUrNa karma siddhAnta, ina prakRtiyoMko kendra mAnakara hI samasta vyAkhyAoM ko prastuta karatA hai / ina prakRtiyoM ke AdhAra para hI pUrva adhyAya meM nirdiSTa, karma kI bandha, udaya, sattA, udIraNA Adi vividha avasthAoM kA, saMsAra ke pratyeka jIvakI dRSTise, sUkSmatama rUpameM kathana kiyA gayA hai aura agrima adhyAyameM nirdiSTa karma mukti ke mArga tathA guNasthAna sambandhI sampUrNa dhAraNA ina karma prakRtiyoMpara hI kendrita hai| jisa prakAra kendrakI kIlI nikAla dene se cakra asta vyasta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra jaina karma siddhAnta dvArA mAnya, ina karma prakRtiyoM kI upekSA kara dene para, jaina mAnya naitikatA Adi ke anya sabhI siddhAnta bhI chinna-bhinna ho jAte haiN| karmasiddhAnta, karmabaddha saMsArI jIvoM para hI lAgu hotA hai, isI kAraNa karma siddhAntase sambandhita anya guNasthAna AdikI vyavasthA bhI saMsArI jIvoM para hI lAga hotI hai| 2010_03

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160 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana ___ caturvidha karmabandhakI vyAkhyAmeM prakRti bandhake atirikta karmoM ke kAlakI sImAkA nirdhAraNa sthiti bandhake dvArA kiyA gayA hai| kucha karma hajAroM varSoM ke lambe kAlake lie bandhako prApta hote haiM aura kucha kSaNika bandhako prApta hote haiN| bandhaneke pahale samayase lekara phalonmukha honeke samaya takake samayako karmokA sthiti bandha kahA jAtA hai / aneka paurANika AkhyAnoMse yadyapi karmoM kI sthitikA AbhAsa prApta hotA hai , jisase yaha siddha hotA hai ki anya darzanoM meM bhI koMke sthiti baMdha ko svIkAra avazya kiyA hai, parantu jainadarzanakI bhA~ti karmasiddhAntake mukhya aMgake rUpa meM prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA aura na hI, jaina darzanake samAna anya darzanoMmeM karmake eka-eka svabhAvakA, jaghanya aura utkRSTa samayakA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai | karmoM kI sthitikA apakarSaNa aura utkarSaNa saMbaMdhI vivecana bhI anya darzanoMmeM jaina darzanake samAna spaSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| tIvra rAgadveSAdi pariNAmoMke dvArA bandhako prApta karma tIvra rUpase hI phalonmukha hote haiM aura manda pariNAmoM ke dvArA baddha karma manda rUpase hI phalonmukha hote haiN| isa prakAra karmakI vipAka zakti ko anubhAgabandhake dvArA nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai aura karmoM kI saghanatA aura viralatAko darzAne vAle pradeza bandhake dvArA karma paramANuoM kI saMkhyAkA avadhAraNa kiyA gayA hai / jisa prakAra rUIkA golA virala hotA hai aura lohekA golA saghana hotA hai isI prakAra karmoM kA bandha bhI virala aura saghana do prakAra kA hotA hai| virala pradeza bandhameM karma paramANuoM kI mAtrA kama hotI hai aura saghana pradeza bandhameM karma paramANuoM kI mAtrA adhika hotI hai| __isa prakAra karmoM ke kAraNa pratyayoM tathA prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga tathA pradeza ina cuturvidha bandhake nirdezanase, jaina mAnya karmakI dhAraNAkA suspaSTa avalokana ho jAtA hai / karmoM ke kAraNa aura bandha ke svarUpako jAnakara hI vividha sAdha nAoMke dvArA karmoM ke kAraNabhUta pratyayoMko dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAraNa pratyayoMkA jaise-jaise abhAva hotA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise hI karmoM kI prakRti, pApase puNya, sthiti-utkRSTase jaghanya, anubhAga-tIvase manda aura pradeza-saghanase virala hote cale jAte haiN| antameM samasta kAraNa pratyayoMkA abhAva ho jAne para karma bandhakA hI vighaTana ho jAtA hai aura jIva siddhAvasthAko prApta kara letA hai| karmabandhake navIna kAraNoMko roka denA saMvara kahA jAtA hai aura pUrvabaddha karmoMko jIrNa karanA nirjarA kahA jAtA hai| inakA vivecana agrima adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai| 2010_03

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SaSTha adhyAya karmamuktikA mArga saMvara nirjarA - Azrava nirodha: saMvaraH sa: gupti samiti dharmAnuprekSApariSahajayacAritrai: tapasA nirjarA ca; (tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 1-3) 1.. koMkI anAdikAlIna paramparAmeM puruSArthakA sArthakya jIva, pudgala, karmabandha, bandhake bheda prabhedoM aura karmoM kI vividha avasthAoMke nirdezanase yaha spaSTa hai ki jIvake yoga tathA upayogake nimittase karma pudgaloMkA bandha hotA rahatA hai aura paripAka kAla Anepara udaya ho jAtA hai / phalonmukha honeke samaya jIvake jaise pariNAma hote haiM, usI prakArakA bandha puna: ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra bandhase udaya aura udayase bandhakA cakra svata: calatA rahatA hai| isa prakArakI aTUTa paramparA anAdi kAlase cala rahI hai| kyA isa aTUTa paramparAkA anta kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi kiyA jA sakatA hai to kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? kauna sA aisA samaya hai, jisakA upayoga karake jIva apane purUSArthako sArthakya kara sakatA hai ? ina praznoMkA yuktiyukta uttara diyA jA sakatA hai / isa aTUTa paramparAko chinna-bhinna karane kI zaktijIvameM vidyamAna hotI hai| dAsaguptake anusAra yadi jIvameM ananta vIrya nahIM hotA, to vaha ananta kAla taka bandhana baddha rhtaa| karmane jIvakI ananta zaktiyoMko AvRta bhale hI kiyA huA hai, parantu ye karma jIvako mahattama kalyANakI sthitise vaMcita nahIM kara skte| ata: karmakI aTUTa paramparA ko chinna-bhinna avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai| karmake isa anAdi cakrako sAnta banAne ke lie saMvara tathA nirjarA ke pathakA anugamana Avazyaka hai| karma praveza kA nirodha karane vAlI prakriyA saMvara kahalAtI hai aura pUrvabaddha karmokI samaya se pUrva vipAkakI kriyA nirjarA kahalAtI hai| saMvara 1. dAsa gupta, bhAratIya darzanakA itihAsa, pR0 216 2. vahI, pR0204 2010_03

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162 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana aura nirjarAke lie purUSArtha karanekA vizeSa samaya kauna sA hotA hai, isakA nirdezana karate hue dravya saMgrahameM kahA gayA hai - buddhimAna purUSa zatrukI nirbala avasthAko dekhakara yadi mAranekA purUSArtha kare to usa samaya meM kiyA gayA purUSArtha kAryakArI ho jAtA hai / usI prakAra sthiti aura anubhAga bandha jisa samaya manda zaktise udayameM A rahe hoM, usa samaya jIva nirmala bhAvanA rUpI khaDgake dvArA karmazatruoMkA hanana kara sakatA hai| yadi yaha manda udayakA samaya nikala jAtA hai, to vyakti puna: saMskAroMke prabhAvavaza purUSArtha karane meM asamartha ho jAtA hai| ata: karmoM ke manda udayameM hI jIva saMvara nirjarAke pathapara calane meM samartha ho sakatA hai aura yaha avasara aneka bAra prApta huA karatA hai| prabuddha prANI isa avasarakA lAbha uThAkara apaneko mukti patha para ArUr3ha kara lete haiM / ___ karmoM kI zrRMkhalAkA athavA saMsAra cakrakA athavA du:khoMkA nivAraNa karaneke lie, prAya: sabhI darzanoMne muktike mArgako kisI na kisI rUpameM svIkAra kiyA hai / vibhinna darzanoM dvArA mAnya muktike mArgakA vivecana kiyA jAnA iSTa hai - 2. vibhinna darzanoMmeM muktike mArgakA svarUpaka. bauddha darzanameM muktikA mArga bauddha darzanakA caturtha Arya satya du:kha nirodha mArga hai / bauddha darzana meM nimna aSTaugika mArgake dvArA du:kha nirodha arthAt muktike mArga kA kathana kiyA gayA hai-1. samyakdRSTi 2. samyak saMkalpa 3. samyak vAk 4. samyak karmAnta 5. samyak AjIvikA 6. samyak vyAyAma 7. samyak smRti aura samyak smaadhi| isa aSTAMgika mArgako tIna bhedoMmeM garbhita kiyA jA sakatA hai - samyak dRSTi aura samyak saMkalpa prajJAke antargata haiM, samyak vAk, samyak karmAnta, samyak AjIvikA, samyak vyAyAma ye cAra zIlake antargata haiM aura samyak smRti aura samyak samAdhi, samAdhike antargata haiM / isa prakAra prajJA, zIla aura samAdhiko karma muktikA mArga kahA hai| ahiMsA, acaurya, satya, brahmacarya aura aparigrahako zIlameM hI garbhita kiyA gayA hai aura samAdhike uttarottara vikAsako prApta hone vAle tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM - zrutamayI samAdhi, cintamayI samAdhi aura samAdhijanya nizcaya / ye tInoM sopAna vedAnta mAnya zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsanase samAnatA rakhate haiN| 1. dravyasaMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA 37 2. sinhA harendra, bhAratIya darzanakI rUparekhA, 1980, pR0 101 ___ 2010_03

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karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA kha. sAMkhya darzanameM muktikA mArga sAMkhya darzanameM purUSa aura prakRtimeM vibhinnatAkA bodhakarAne vAle samyagjJAnako hI muktimArgakA pradarzaka mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki tattvajJAnake hone se purUSa prekSakakI taraha taTastha bhAvase prakRtiko dekhatA hai / ' harendra sinhAke anusAra sAMkhya matameM karmako duHkhAtmaka mAnA gayA hai| duHkhAtmaka karmake dvArA mokSakI prApti saMbhava nahIM ho sktii| isake viparIta jJAna, jAgrata anubhavakI taraha yathArtha hotA hai, isIlie samyakjJAna se hI mokSakI prApti hotI hai / JT. yoga darzanameM mokSakA mArga yoga darzanameM nimna aSTAMga mArgake dvArA muktipathakA nirdezana kiyA gayA hai - 1. yama 2. niyama 3. Asana 4. prANAyAma 5. pratyAhAra 6. dhAraNA 7. dhyAna aura 8. samAdhi / ahiMsA, asatya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ke bhedase yama pAMca prakAra kA hai, yama jaina mAnya paMca vratoMke samAna hI hai| zauca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara praNidhAna ye pAMca niyama kahe gaye haiM, zeSa chaha mArga prANavAyupara niyaMtraNa karane, bAhya viSayoMse indriyoMko haTAne, dhyAnakI nirantaratA aura pUrNa lavalInatAke sUcaka haiM / nyAyavaizeSika darzanameM mokSakA mArga gha. - apavargakI prAptikA krama nirdezana karate hue nyAyasUtrameM kahA gayA hai| "du:kha janmapravRttidoSamithyAjJAnam uttarottarApAye tadanantarApAyAda apavarga"" mithyAjJAnakI nivRtti tattvajJAnase hotI hai, tattvajJAna hone se sAdhakako viSayoM meM doSa dikhAI dene lagatA hai, jisase vaha mokSa prAptike sAdhanoMmeM pravRtti karane lagatA hai / AtmasAdhanA meM pravRtti karane se kriyamANa, saMcita aura prArabdhakarmoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai aura janma paramparAkA nAza karate hue prANI samasta duHkhoM se atIta ho jAtA hai / nyAyavaizeSika darzanameM isa prakAra jJAna aura karma ke samuccayako hI muktikA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| 163 vaizeSika darzanameM nimna naitika kartavyoMke dvArA mukti patha kA nirdezana kiyA gayA hai - zraddhA, ahiMsA, prANIhitasAdhanA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, 1. sAMkhyakArikA, 64-65 2. sinhA harendra, bhAratIya darzanakI rUparekhA, 1980, pR. 245 3. yoga sUtra, 2, 29-32 4. nyAyasUtra 1-1-2 2010_03

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164 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana anupadhA (hArdika pavitratA) akrodha, snAna, bhojana kI pavitratA, devopAsanA, upavAsa aura apramAda / ' uparokta naitika AdarzoM kA binA phalakI icchAse, tattvajJAnapUrvaka pAlana karanese hI mokSakI prApti hotI hai| ata: nyAyavaizeSika darzana ne yadyapi mokSakA sAkSAt kAraNa jJAnako mAnA hai, parantu paramparA rUpase karmako bhI mokSakA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| Da. mImAMsA darzanameM muktikA mArga mImAMsA darzanameM mokSakI dvividha sAdhanA kahI gaI hai - 1. kAmya aura pratiSiddha karmoM kA tyAga 2. nitya karmoMkA sadaiva anuSThAna / mImAMsA darzanameM karmake sAtha hI jJAnako bhI mukti pathakA sAdhana mAnA hai| jJAnase tAtparya yaha viveka ho jAnA hai ki AtmAkA saMsArase saMbaMdha vAstavika hote hue bhI anivArya nahIM hai| mokSAvasthAmeM AtmAkA saMsArase saMbaMdha viccheda ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra mImAMsA darzanameM mokSake sAdhanake rUpameM jJAnakI AvazyakatA aura nitya karmoM ke anuSThAnako svIkAra kara jJAnakarma samuccyavAdako mAnA gayA hai|' ca. vedAnta darzanameM muktikA mArga vedAnta darzanameM eka mAtra jJAnako hI muktikA sAdhana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jJAna aura karmako andhakAra aura prakAza tathA uSNatA aura zItalatAke samAna viparIta mAnA gayA hai / ajJAna rUpI andhakArakA nivAraNa eka mAtra jJAna rUpI prakAzase hI hotA hai, ata: mokSa prApti meM karmoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, mAtra jJAnakI hI AvazyakatA hai| surezvarAcAryane spaSTa kahA hai ki utpAdya, Apya, saMskArya aura vikArya rUpameM hI kriyAyoMke phala dRSTigocara hote haiM, parantu AtmA ina cAroM kriyAphaloMse atIta hai, ata: mokSa prApti karmoM ke dvArA nahIM ho sakatI / zaMkarAcAryane bhI jJAnake atirikta muktikA koI anya sAdhana nahIM maanaa| 1. prazastapAda bhASya, banArasa 1924, pR0 640 2. ........tattvajJAnAnzreiyasam, vaizeSika sUtra, 1.1.4 3. tattvajJAnasya sAkSAjjanakatA karmaNastu paramparayetyAzaya:" udayanAcArya, kiraNAbalI bhASya, banArasa 1920, pR021 4. hiriyannA ema, bhAratIya darzanakI rUparekhA, pR0 333, 334 5. surezvarAcArya, naiSakarmyasiddhi, adhyAya 1, zloka 24 6. utpAdyamApyaM saMskAryam vikAryaca kriyaaphlm| naivamuktiryatastasmAt karma tasyA na sAdhanam / naiSkarmya siddhi, 1-53 7. brahmaivAhamasmiityaparokSa jJAnena nikhila karmabandhavinirmakta syAta tattvabodha 99 2010_03

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karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA 165 cha. jaina darzanameM muktikA mArga jaina darzanameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra tInoM ke sammilita rUpako hI mokSakA sAkSAt mArga kahA gayA hai / jIvAdi sapta tattvoMkA zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai, unhIMkA adhigama samyagjJAna hai aura rAgAdikA parihAra samyagcAritra hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana ne sAMkhya aura vedAnta darzanoMkI bhA~ti kevala mAtra jJAnako hI muktikA sAdhana nahIM mAnA, na hI nyAyavaizeSika aura mImAMsA darzanoMkI bhA~ti jJAna karma samuccayako mokSakA mArga mAnA hai aura bhakti yogakI bhA~ti kevala samarpaNa aura zraddhAko bhI mokSakA sAdhana nahIM mAnA hai, apitu tInoMke saMyogako hI mokSakA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| pUrNa nirogakI prAptike lie jisa prakAra auSadhikA zraddhAna, jJAna va sevana rUpa kriyA Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra samasta karmamalase mukti prApta karane ke lie zraddhAna, jJAna aura cAritra tInoMkI hI AvazyakatA hai| samyak darzana aura samyakjJAna sahita, cAritra hI mokSakA sAdha na hotA hai, jJAna aura zraddhAnase rahita nhiiN| tInoMko hI ratnatraya kahA gayA hai, kyoMki inake dvArA AtmAko anAdikAlIna karmabaddhatAse mukti prApta hotI hai| amRtacandrAcAryane ratnatrayako sAkSAt nivArNakA hetu kahA hai | mokSamArgakA purUSArthI jIva jyoM-jyoM ratnatrayakI pUrNatAkI ora baDhatA jAtA hai, usake karmabandhana DhIle par3ate jAte haiN| ratnatrayakA pAlana saMvara aura nirjarA yukta sAdhanAke dvArA hI hotA hai| 3. karma pravAhako rokanekA upAya saMvara paricaya jIvako bandhanameM DAlanevAle karmANuoMke pravAhakA rUka jAnA hI saMvara hai / 1. ata: samyagdarzanasamyagjJAnaM samyakcAritramitietatritaya samuditamokSasyasAkSAnmArgoveditavyaH / sarvArthasiddhi, pR07 2. jIvAdIsadahaNaM sammataM tesimadhigamo nnaannN| rAyAdIpariharaNaM caraNa eso dumokkhpho| samayasAra, gAthA 155 3. rAjavArtika, pR014 4. yata: kriyA, jJAna zraddhArahitA ni:phaleti, yato mokSamArga tritayo kalpanA jyAyasIti, rAjavArtika, pR0 14 / 5. tiNDaMpiya saMjoge hodi hu jiNasAsaNe mokkho, mUlAcAra gAthA 899 6. AtmA prabhAvanIyo ratnatrayatejasA satatameva, purUSArthasiddhayupAya, zloka 30 7. ratnatrayamiha hetunirvANasyaiva bhavati nAnyasya, vahI, zloka 220 8. purUSArthasiddhayupAya: zloka 212.214 2010_03

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166 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana umAsvAmIne saMvarakA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai - "Azrava nirodha: saMvara: arthAt jisa nimittase karma kA Agamana hotA hai, usa nimittakA pratirodha ho jAnA hI saMvara hai / bandha prakaraNameM pahale hI nirdiSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki mithyAtva. avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pAMca bandhake mukhya kAraNa haiN| isake viparIta samyaktva, vrata, apramAda, akaSAya aura yogoMkI nivRtti, ye navIna karmoM ke nirodhake hetu honese saMvara kahe jAte haiN| mokSamArgake vikAsakA krama saMvarase hI prArambha hotA hai| jaise-jaise Azrava nirodha hotA jAtA hai vaise-vaise hI guNasthAnakI bhI vRddhi hotI jAtI hai / guNasthAna mokSamArgake sopAna haiM, jinakA varNana agrima adhyAyameM kiyA jAnA hai| saMvarake bheda saMvarake do bheda kahe gaye haiM - bhAva saMvara aura dravya saMvara | jIvake sAtha saMzleSa saMbaMdhako prApta - mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya Adi AtmAke svaguNa nahIM haiM, isI kAraNa inheM AtmAse pRthak kiyA jA sakatA hai / samyakbodhake dvArA hI mithyAtvAdiko dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| samyakbodhake pariNAma svarUpa ajJAna janita avasthA kA kSINa honA bhAva saMvara hai aura ajJAna janita avasthAke kSINa honese karmapudgaloMkA grahaNa na honA dravya saMvara hai / saMvarake sAdhana karma pravAhako rokaneke mukhya sAta sAdhana kahe gaye haiN| parantu unake uttarabhedoMkI gaNanA karane para kula bAsaTha bheda ho jAte haiM, jo agra tAlikA dvArA nirdiSTa kiye jA sakate haiM - 1. tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 9, sUtra 1 2. pUrva nirdiSTa karma bandhake kaarnn| 3. saMsAra nimittaka kriyAnivRttirbhAva saMvara, tannirodhe tatpUrvaka karma pudgalAdAna vicchedo dravya saMvaraH / sarvArthasiddhi, pR0406 4. (ka.) vadasamidIguttIo dhammANupehA priishjoj| cArittaM bahu bheyA NAyavvA bhAva saMvara visesaa| dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 35 (kha.) sa gupti samitidharmAnuprekSA pariSaha jaya cAritraiH, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 9 sUtra 2 5. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 4.9, 18 2010_03

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kamamukti kAmAgasaMvara nirjarA 167 saMvara 10 vrata gupti mana tRSA 1 ahiMsA 2satya 3asteya 4 brahmacarya 5aparigraha kAya samiti dharma anuprekSA pariSahajaya cAritra (3) (5) (10) (12) (22) (5) =62 IryA kSamA anitya kSudhA sAmAyika vacana bhASA mArdava azaraNa chedopasthApanA aiSaNA Arjava saMsAra zIt parihAravizuddhi AdAna nikSepaNa satya ekatva uSNa sUkSmasAMparAya utsarga zauca anyatva daMzamazaka yathAkhyAta saMyama azuci nagnatva Azrava arati tyAga saMvara akiMcanya nirjarA caryA brahmacarya loka niSadhA zayyA dharmasvAkhyAtatva Akroza tapa vadha yAcanA alAma roga tRNasparza mala satkAra puraskAra prajJA ajJAna adarzana 1. vrata "hiMsAnRtasteyAbrahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam" arthAt hiMsA, asatya, corI, kuzIla aura parigrahase nivRtta honA vrata hai / inase eka deza rUpase nivRtta honA aNuvrata kahalAtA hai aura sarvadeza nivRtti ko mahAvrata kahate haiM / prANiyoM kI hiMsA na karanA ahiMsAvata hai, jhUTha na bolanA satyavrata hai, binA diye dUsarekI vastu grahaNa na karanA asteyavrata hai, maithuna pravRttikA tyAga karanA, brahmacarya hai aura padArthoM ko Asakti pUrvaka grahaNa na karanA aparigrahavrata hai|' 1. tattvArthastra. adhyAya 7. satra 1. 2. 8-12 2010_03

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168 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana 2. gupti umAsvAmIne guptikI paribhASA dete hue sUtra meM kahA hai- "samyagyoganigraho gupti / arthAt yogoMkA bhalI bhA~ti nigraha karanA gupti hai / yogoMse abhiprAya hai - mana, vacana aura kAyakI pravRtti / mana, vacana aura kAMyakI pravRttiko buddhi aura zraddhA pUrvaka sanmArgameM gupta karanA aura unmArgase rokanA hI yahA~ gupti zabdakA bhAvArtha hai| pUjyapAdajIne isa sUtrakI TIkA karate hue isI abhiprAyako vyakta kiyA hai- "yata: saMsAra kAraNAdAtmano gopanaM sAgupti:"2 arthAta jisake bala se saMsArake kAraNoMse AtmAkA gopana arthAt rakSA hotI hai, vaha gupti hai| yaha gupti tIna prakAra kI hotI hai - manogupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti / __ rAga-dveSa Adi vikAroMse manakA gopana karanA manogupti hai, asatya bhASaNAdise nivRtti honA arthAt mauna honA vacana gupti hai, audArika zarIrakI kriyAoMse aura hiMsA corI Adi pApa kriyAoMse nivRtti honA kAyagupti hai| 3. samiti rAjavArtikakArane samitikA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai - "samyagiti: samitiriti" arthAt samyag prakArase pravRtti karanekA nAmahI samiti hai| guptimeM asat kriyAka niSedhakI aura samitimeM sakriyAke pravartanakI mukhyatA hai, isIlie samiti pravRtti pradhAna hotI hai| samiti pAMca prakArakI hotI hai - IryA samiti, bhASA samiti, eSaNA samiti, AdAna nikSepaNa aura pratiSThApaNa samiti / ina pAMcoM samitiyoM ko karmavinAzakA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| kisI bhI jantuko kleza athavA bAdhA na ho, isa prakAra sAvadhAnI pUrvaka cAra hAtha Age pRthvIko dekha kara calanA IryA samiti hai| satya, hitakArI, parimita aura sandeha rahita vacana bolanA 'bhASA samiti' hai, zuddha aura nirdoSa AhAra karanA 'eSaNA samiti' hai', vastu mAtrako bhalI bhA~ti dekhakara lenA aura rakhanA 'AdAna nikSepaNa' samiti hai aura dekhabhAla karake jIva rahita sthAna meM hI malamUtrAdikA tyAga karanA -- utsarga samiti' hai / rAjavArtikakAra ne bhI ina pA~coM samitiyoM kA isI prakAra lakSaNa 1. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 4 2. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0409 3. niyamasAra, gAthA 69-70 4. rAjavArtika, pRSTha 593 5. (ka.) cAritra pAhuDa, gAthA 37, (kha.) IryAbhASaiNAdAnanikSepotsargA: samitayaH, tattvArthasUtra adhyAya, 6. mUlAcAra, gAthA 11-15 2010_03

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169 169 karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA svIkAra kiyA hai aura inheM sAdhanA pathakA mUla mAnA hai| 4. dharma ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcArameM dharmakA lakSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai - dezayAmi samIcInaM dharma karma nirvahaNam / saMsAra du:khata: satvAn yo dharatyuttame sukhe // 2 samIcIna rUpase karmoM kA nAza karake, jo prANiyoMko saMsAra ke du:khoMse haTAkara, uttama mokSasukhameM sthApita karatA hai, vahI dharma kahA jAtA hai| pUjyapAdajIne bhI kahA hai - "iSTasthAne dhatte iti dharma:" jo iSTasthAna arthAt mokSameM pahuMcAtA hai, use dharma kahate haiM / kundakundAcAryane bhAvapAhur3ameM kahA hai - ___mohakkhohavihINo pariNAmo appaNo dhammo / " moha arthAt rAgadveSAdi, kSobha arthAt yogoMkA cAMcalya inase rahita AtmAke pariNAmako hI dharma kahate haiM / yaha dharma kamoM ke pravAhako rokane meM sAkSAt kAraNa hotA hai| isa dharmako dasalakSaNoMse yukta mAnA gayA hai| dharmake ye daza lakSaNa uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya haiN| khyAti, lAbha, pUjAdike abhiprAya se dhAraNa kiyA gayA kSamAdi dharma uttama nahIM kahA jAtA / isI kAraNa khyAti, pUjAdikI bhAvanAkI nivRttike lie hI uttama vizeSaNa lagAyA gayA hai| krodhako utpanna karAne vAle bAhya nimitta milane para bhI krodha na karanA uttamakSamA hai, usa samaya jIva yaha socatA hai ki bAhya kAraNa to nimitta mAtra haiM, vAstavameM yaha saba mere apane hI pUrvakRta karmoM kA pariNAma hai| cittameM mRdutA aura vyavahArameM bhI namravRttikA honA mArdava hai / uttama mArdava dharmako dhAraNa karane vAlA jIva jAti, kula, rUpa, aizvarya, buddhi, prajJA, lAbha, zakti Adiko vinazvara mAnakara abhimAnake kA~Teko nikAla detA hai / mana, vacana aura karmakI ekatA hI uttama Arjava hai, isase kuTilatA tathA mAyAcArIke doSoM kA nivAraNa hotA hai / 1. rAjavArtika, pR0 594 2. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, gAthA 2 3. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0409 4. bhAvapAhuDa, gAthA 83 5. dazalakSmayutaMso'yaM jinadharma; prakIrtitaH, jJAnArNava, adhikAra 2, zloka 10 6. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 6 7. cAritrasAra, pR058 ___ 2010_03

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170 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana hitakArI aura yathArtha vacana bolanA hI satya dharma hai / lobha kA tyAga karanA hI uttama zauca hai / indriyoMpara niyaMtraNa rakhanA saMyama hai| malina vRttiyoM ko nirmUla karane ke lie yathAzakti kaThora sAdhanA karanA tapa hai / apane pAsa hone vAle jJAnAdiko prANimAtra ke hitake lie pradAna karanA tyAga dharma hai, kisI bhI vastumeM mamatva buddhi na rakhanA AkiMcanya dharma hai / jJAnAdike abhyAsake lie indriya viSayoMkA tyAga karake, brahmacarya vrata pUrvaka gurUkulameM nivAsa karanA brahmacaryadharma hai| dharmake ina dasa lakSaNoMkA varNana pUjyapAdajI aura kundakundAcAryane sarvArthasiddhi aura bArasa aNuvekkhAmeM kiyA hai|'.. ukta dasa dharmoM kA vivecana gItAmeM nirdiSTa daivI sampadAse sAmyatA rakhatA hai, kyoMki gItAmeM daivI sampadAke antargata mArdava, Arjava, kSamA, zauca, dayA, dAna, saMyama Adi vividha guNoMkA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 5. anuprekSA zrI jinendra varNIne kozameM anuprekSAkA paricaya dete hue kahA hai ki kisI bAta kA puna: puna: cintana karate rahanA anuprekSA hai| mokSa mArgakI vRddhike artha bAraha prakArakI anuprekSAoMkA kathana jainAgamameM prasiddha hai, inheM bAraha bhAvanAyeM bhI kahate haiM / ina bhAvanAoMkA cintana karane se zarIra aura bhogoMse virakti aura sAmya bhAvameM sthiti hotI hai / umAsvAmIne ina bAraha anuprekSAoMko sUtrameM kahA hai jo isa prakAra haiM - "anityAzaraNasaMsAraikatvAnyatvAzucyAzravasaMvaranirjarAloka bodhidurlbhdhrmsvaakhyaatttvaanucintnmnuprekssaa:|" anitya, azaraNAdi bAraha bhAvanAoMkA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra hai -- 1. anityAnuprekSA- kSIra-nIrake samAna jIvake sAtha nibaddha yaha zarIra aura bhogopabhogake sAdhana, nitya aura sthira nahIM haiM, sabhI nAzako prApta hone vAle haiM, aisA cintana karanA anityAnuprekSA hai| isa prakArake cintanase prApta zarIra aura bhogoM meM, Asakti kama ho jAtI hai aura unakA viyoga honepara du:kha nahIM hotaa| . 1. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 412-413, bArasa aNuvekkhA , gAthA 71.80 2. bhagavadgItA, adhyAya 16, zloka 1,2,3 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga prathama, pR072 4. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 7 5. bArasa aNuvekkhA, gAthA 6 2010_03

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karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA 171 2. azaraNAnuprekSA- saMsArameM apanI AtmAke atirikta, anya koI bhI zaraNa zAzvata nahIM hai| karmoM ko naSTa karake janma, mRtyu, bhaya, rogAdise yaha AtmA apanI rakSA svaMya hI kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra kA cintana karanese saMsArakI saba vastuoM aura saMbaMdhiyoMse mamatva dUra ho jAtA hai aura AtmAmeM prIti utpanna hotI hai| 3. saMsArAnuprekSA- yaha jIva janma, jarA, maraNa, roga aura bhaya, ina pAMca prakArake saMsArameM anAdi kAlase bhramaNa kara rahA hai / yaha paMcavidha saMsAra harSaviSAda, sukha-du:kha Adi dvandvoMkA sthAna hai, aisA cintana karanA saMsArAnuprekSA hai 4. ekatvAnuprekSA- yaha jIva akelA hIzubhAzubha karmoM ko bAndhatAhai, akelA hI utpanna hotA hai, akelA hI maratA hai aura apane karmoM kA phala bhI jIva ekAkI hI bhogatA hai| isa prakArakA cintana karanese svajana viSayaka rAga aura parajana viSayaka dveSa dUra ho jAtA hai| 5. anyatvAnuprekSA- zarIra jar3a, sthUla aura Adi anta yukta hai aura AtmA cetana, sUkSma aura anAdi ananta hai / bandhakI apekSAse donoM eka pratIta hote haiM, parantu lakSaNa bhedase donoM nitAnta pRthak haiM / isa prakAra zarIrase anyatvakA cintana karanA anyatvAnuprekSA hai|' 6. azucitvAnuprekSA- yaha deha svayaM azuci hai aura azuci padArthose hI isakA nirmANa huA hai / snAna, lepana va sugandhita padArthoM ke dvArA bhI isakI azucitAko dUra karanA zakya nahIM hai, aisA cintana karanA azacitvAnaprekSA hai| aisA cintana karanese zarIrake zrRMgAra viSayaka Asakti kama ho jAtI hai aura zarIrase mamatva kama ho jAtA hai| 7. AsavAnuprekSA- indriyabhogoMse karmoM kA Asava hotA rahatA hai / yaha Asava hI saMsAra cakrakA kAraNa hai, jaba taka karmoM kA pravAha Asavita hotA rahegA, taba taka mukti prApta nahIM ho sakatI / AsavAnuprekSAkA mahattva batAte hue 1. bArasa aNuvekkhA , gAthA 11 2. vahI, gAthA 24 3. vahI, gAthA 14 4. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0415 5. vahI, pR0416 6. bArasa aNuvekkhA, gAthA 59 2010_03

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172 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana "samyagjJAna patrikAmeM kahA gayA hai ki mithyAtvAdi kAraNoMse nitya karmoM kA Agamana hotA rahatA hai aisA vicAra kara vyakti kamoM ke Aneke kAraNa ko dUra karane aura samyaktva Adiko grahaNa karanekA prayAsa kara sakatA hai|' 8. saMvarAnuprekSA- mana, vacana, kAya se durvRttike dvAroMko banda karake zubha pravRtti karanA aura saMvarake guNoMkA cintana karanA saMvarAnuprekSA hai| karmAgama dvAra ke banda honepara hI karmamukti saMbhava hai| 9. nirjarAnuprekSA- pUrvabaddha karmoM kA jhar3anA arthAt kSaya honA nirjarA hai / karmabandhanako naSTa karaneke lie savipAka aura avipAka nirjarAkA cintana karanA nirjarAnuprekSA hai| isameM sahasA prApta hue kaduka vipArkokA samAdhAna karanA savipAka nirjarA hai / tapadhyAna dvArA saMcita karmoM ko naSTa karanekA cintana avipAka nirjarA hai| 10. lokAnuprekSA- yaha jIva azubha vicAroMse naraka aura tiryaca gati, zubha vicAroMse deva aura manuSya gati prApta karatA hai / zubha aura azubha donoM hI bhAvanAyeM caturgatimeM bhramaNa karAne vAlI haiM, kevala Atma cintana viSayaka zuddha bhAvanA hI paMcamagati mokSako dene vAlI hai, aisA jainAcAryoMne mAnA hai| loka zikhara para argha candrAkAra sthAnako jainoMne paMcamagati mAnA hai, jahA~se punarAgamana nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra tInoM lokoMkA cintana karanA lokAnuprekSA hai|' 11. bodhidurlamatvAnuprekSA- mokSamArgameM apramattabhAva pUrvaka sAdhanA karane ke lie yaha cintana kiyA jAtA hai ki samasta karmoM kA nAza karane vAlA bodha arthAta samyagjJAna prApta karanA atyanta kaThina hai| nirantara usakI prAptikA upAya karate rahanA caahie| isa prakArakA cintana karanA bodhi durlabhatvAnuprekSA hai| 12. dharmasvAkhyAtattvAnuprekSA- kSamAdi dharmakI prApti na honese jIva anAdi kAlase bhramaNa kara rahA hai| parantu isakA lAbha honepara nAnA prakArake abhyudayoMkI prAptipUrvaka mokSa kI prApti avazya hotI hai, aisA cintana karanA dharmasvAkhyAtattvAnuprekSA hai| 1. samyagjJAna, janavarI 1985, pR0 11. 2. bArasa aNuvekkhA , gAthA 63 3. vahI, gAthA 67 4. vahI,gAthA 42 5. bArasa aNuvekkhA , gAthA 83 / 6. sarvArthasiddhi. pa0419 2010_03

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karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA anuprekSAoMkA mahattva mokSamArga meM dvAdaza anuprekSAoMkA atyadhika mahattva mAnA gayA hai / zubhacandrAcAryane jJAnArNavameM isa mahattvakA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai"vidhyAMti kaSAyAgnirvigalati rAgo vilIyate dhvAntam / unmiSati bodhadIpo hRdi puMsAM bhAvanAbhyAsAt " " arthAt ina dvAdaza bhAvanAoMke nirantara abhyAsase, purUSoMke hRdayameM utpanna hone vAlI kaSAyarUpI agni naSTa ho jAtI hai, rAgabhAva galita ho jAtA hai, ajJAnarUpI andhakAra vilIna ho jAtA hai aura jJAnakA dIpaka prakAzita ho jAtA hai / anuprekSAoMkA cintana karatA huA jIva uttamakSamAdi dharma ko bhalI prakArase dhAraNa karanemeM samartha hotA hai aura Age kahe jAne vAle parISoM ko jItane ke lie utsAhita hotA hai / bArasa aNuvekkhA meM kundakundAcAryane kahA hai bAraha bhAvanAoMke cintanake phalasvarUpahI bhUtakAlameM purUSoMne siddhatvako prApta kiyA hai aura bhaviSya kAlameM bhI prApta kreNge| AcArya padmanandine ina bhAvanAoMko karmakSayakA kAraNa batAte hue kahA hai dvAdazApi sadA cintyA anuprekSA mahAtmabhiH / tadbhAvanA bhavatyeva, karmaNaH kSaya kAraNam // isa prakAra bAraha anuprekSAoMkA nirantara gahana cintana karmoM ke kSayakA kAraNa hotA hai, kyoMki isase karma pravAhameM vRddhi karane vAlI vRttiyA~ ruka jAtI haiM / isIlie inheM saMvarakA upAya kahA gayA hai / parISaha jaya 6. (ka) lakSaNa aMgIkRta dharmamArga meM sthira rahane ke lie aura karmabandhanake vinAzake lie jo sthitiyA~ samabhAva pUrvaka sahana karane yogya hoM, unako parISaha kahate haiM / umAsvAmIne sUtrameM parISahakI yahI paribhASAkI hai 173 1. jJAnArNava, adhikAra 13, dohA 2 2. bArasa aNuvekkhA, gAthA 90 3. padmanandipaMcaviMzatikA, adhakiAra 6, zloka 42 4. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 8 - " mArgAcyavana nirjarArthaM pariSoDhavyAH parISahA: "4 rAjavArtikakAra akalaMka bhaTTane parISahakA vyutpattiparaka artha karate hue kahA hai - " pariSadyata iti 2010_03

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174 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana parISaha" jo sahanakI jAyeM ve parISaha haiM aura parISahako jItanA parISaha jaya kahalAtA hai| kha. bheda yadyapi parISahoM kI saMkhyA kama aura adhika bhI kalpitakI jA sakatI hai, tathApi AcAryoM ne bAIsa parISoMkI hI gaNanA kI hai| ve ye haiM - kSudhA, tRSA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, nagnatA, arati, strI, caryA, niSadyA, zayyA, Akroza, vadha, yAcanA, alAbha, roga, tRNasparza, mala, saMtkAra - puraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura adarzana / 3 ina bAIsa parISahoMkA artha inake nAmase hI spaSTa hai / inako samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karate hue, yogIjana apane mArgase vicalita nahIM hote| ina bAIsa parISahoMmeM zIta aura uSNa parISaha paraspara virodhI haiN| zItake honepara uSNa aura uSNake hone para zIta saMbhava nahIM hai| isI prakAra caryA arthAt calanA, zayyA arthAt sonA, niSadyA arthAt baiThanA ye bhI paraspara virodhI haiM / ina tInoMmeM se eka samayameM eka hI saMbhava hai / isa prakAra ukta pAMcoM parISahoMmeM se eka samaya meM do hI saMbhava haiM / isI kAraNa eka jIvake eka sAtha adhika se adhika unnIsa parISaha saMbhava mAne gaye haiN| ga. parISahoMke kAraNa bhUtakarma aSTavidha karmoM meM kula cAra karma hI uparokta bAIsa parISahoM ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya karmake udayase prajJA aura ajJAna ye do parISaha hote haiN| prajJA kitanI hI adhika kyoM na ho parantu sarvajJatAkI apekSA alpa hI hotI hai, yaha jJAnAvaraNIya karmake kAraNa hotI hai| antarAyakarmake phalasvarUpa "alAbha parISaha" hotI hai, mohanIya karmameM se darzana mohake kAraNa "adarzana" parISaha hote haiM aura cAritra mohanIya karmake phalasvarUpa nagnatva, arati, strI, niSadhA, Akroza, yAcanA aura satkAra sAta parISaha hote haiM / isa prakAra ATha parISaha mohanIya janya, eka antarAya janya aura do parISaha jJAnAvaraNIya janya, kula gyAraha parISaha 1. rAjavArtika, pR0 592 2. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0409 3. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 9 4. ekAdayo bhAjyAyugapadekasminnekonaviMzatiH, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 17 5. "jJAnAvaraNe prajJA'jJAne" tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 13 6. "darzanamohAntarAyayoradarzanAlAbhI" vahI, sUtra 14 7. "cAritra mohenAgnyAratistrIniSadyAkrozayAcanAsatkArapuraskArA:" tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 9, sUtra 15 2010_03

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175 karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA ho jAte haiN| zeSa gyAraha - "DhAdhA, tRSA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, caryA, zayyA, vadha, roga, tRNasparza aura mala" ye vedanIya karma ke kAraNa utpanna hote haiN|' gha. guNasthAnoM parISaha vyavasthA- guNasthAna, mokSa mArgake sopAna haiM jinakA varNana agrima adhyAyameM kiyA jAnA hai| yesaMkhyAmeM caudaha hote haiM prathama nauguNasthAnoMmeM bAIsa parISaha saMbhava hote haiM, dasaveM, gyArahaveM aura bArahaveM guNasthAnameM caudaha parISaha saMbhava haiN| mohanIya karmajanya AThaparISahoMkA inameM abhAva hotA hai| jJAnAvaraNIya aura antarAya janya prajJA, ajJAna aura alAbha ina tIna parISahoMkAbhIterahaveMguNasthAnameM abhAvahojAtA hai| isa prakAra kulagyAraha parISaha terahaveM guNasthAnameM saMbhava mAne jAte haiN| cAritrasArameM adarzana aura arati parISahakA naveM guNasthAnameM abhAva mAnA hai| 7. cAritra bhagavatI ArAdhanAmeM cAritrakA lakSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai "carati yAti yena hitaprApti ahita nivAraNaM ceti cAritram" "caryate sevyate sajjanairiti vA cAritraM sAmAyikAdikam arthAt jisase hitakoprApta karate haiM aura ahita kA nivAraNa karate haiM, use cAritra kahate haiN| paM0 sukhalAlane cAritrakA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai ki Atmika zuddha dazA meM sthira rahanekA prayatna karanA cAritra hai| pariNAma vizuddhike taratamabhAvakI apekSA cAritra pAMca prakArakA kahA gayA hai--sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA, parihAra vizuddhi, sUkSma sAmparAya aura ythaakhyaat| samabhAva meM sthita rahaneke lie samasta azuddha pravRttiyoMkA tyAga karanA sAmAyika cAritra hai| yaha cAritrasamastapApoMse nivRttirUpa aura durvgmyhai| sAmAyika cAritrako grahaNakaranepara jIva usameM sthira nahIM raha pAtA aura puna: sAvadya pravRttiyoMmeM A jAtA hai| isa prakArakI asthiratA Ane para prAyazcita karake puna: sthiratAko prApta karanA chedopasthApanA cAritra hai| prANi-hiMsAse nivRttiko parihAra kahate 1. vedanIye zeSAH, tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya9, sUtra 16 2. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 10-12 3. cAritra sAra, pR0132 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vinizcaya TIkA, pR041 5. tattvArtha sUtra vivecana, pR0217 6. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 8, sUtra 18 7. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 470 8. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 471 ___ 2010_03

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176 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana haiM, usase jo viziSTa vizuddhi prApta hotI hai use parihAravizuddhi kahate haiN| parihA vizuddhi cAritrako dhAraNa karane vAlA jIva pApasamUhase vaise hI lipta nahIM hote jisa prakAra kamalakA pattA pAnImeM rahate hue bhI pAnIse lipta nahIM hotaa|' jira cAritrameM samasta kaSAya naSTa ho cuke haiM, parantu lobhakA ati sUkSma rUpa zeSa rahataM hai, use sUkSmasAmparAya kahate haiM aura samasta kaSAyoM athavA mohanIya karmave kSayase AtmasvabhAvake anurUpa lakSaNa vAlA yathAkhyAtacAritra kahalAtA hai| ka. cAritrakA mahattva cAritrake antargata pUrva kathita gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA aura pariSahajaya ye pAMcoM saMvarake upAya garbhita ho jAte haiM, isIlie mahApurANameM cAritrarka bhAvanAoMkA nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai - IryAdiviSayA yatnA manovAkkAyaguptayaH / parISaha sahiSNutvam iti cAritra bhAvanA / ' AtmasvabhAvameM pravRtti karanA hI cAritra kahalAtA hai| svabhAva rUpa pravRttike kAraNa cAritrako hI dharma kahA gayA hai / kundakundAcAryane pravacanasArameM yahI kahA hai - "cArittaM khalu dhammo" arthAt cAritra hI dharma hai, yaha mokSa prAptikA sAkSAta kAraNa hai / cAritra rahita jJAnako nirarthaka kahA jAtA hai| cAritrase sampanna alpa jJAnI bhI mukti prApta kara sakatA hai / parantu cAritrase rahita adhika zAstroMko jAnane vAlA bhI mukti lAbha nahIM kara sktaa| netrake hote hue bhI yadi koI kuMemeM giratA hai to usake netra vyartha haiM, usI prakAra pravRtti rahita jJAna vyartha mAnA jAtA hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanAmeM bhI kahA gayA hai - "jJAnaM pravRttihInaM asatsamam" cAritrake mahattvakA pratipAdana karate hue pravacanasArameM kahA gayA hai ki zraddhAna aura jJAnase yukta jIva yadi cAritra ke balase rAgAdi asaMyamase nivRta nahIM hotA to usakA zraddhAna aura jJAna mokSake lie kAryakArI nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra cAritra kA mokSamArgameM atyanta mahattva hai, zraddhA aura jJAnakI sabhI pravRttiyA~ cAritrake honepara hI sArthaka hotI haiN| 1. gommaTasAra jIkkANDa, gAthA 473 2. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 474,575 3. mahApurANa, sarga, 21, zloka 98 4. pravacanasAra, gAthA 7 5. NANaM carittahINaM-NiratthayaM savvaM, kundakundAcArya, zIlapAhuDa, gAthA 5 6. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vinizcaya TIkA, gAthA 12, pR056 7. pravacanasAra, tAtparyavRtti, gAthA 237 2010_03

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177 karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA 4. pUrvabaddha karmokI nivRttikA mArga nirjarA(ka) nirjarAkA lakSaNa nirjarA jaina darzanakA eka pAribhASika zabda hai, jisakA prayoga karmoM ke jIrNa hone ke artha meM kiyA jAtA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanAmeM nirjarAkA lakSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai- "puvvakadakammasaDaNaM tu NijjarA" arthAt pUrvabaddha karmoM kA jhar3anA nirjarA hai| bArasa aNuvekkhAmeM kahA hai - "baMdhapadezaggalaNaM NijjaraNam"2 Atma pradezoMke sAtha ba~dhe hue karma pradezoMkA AtmapradezoMse galanA arthAt pRthak honA nirjarA hai| jisa prakAra mantra, auSadhi Adise ni:zakta kiyA huA viSa doSa utpanna nahIM kara sakatA, usI prakAra tapAdise ni:zakta kiye gaye karma saMsAra cakrako nahIM calA sakate, isa prakAra tapovizeSase kaukI phaladAna zaktiko jIrNa kara denA hI nirjarA hai| kha. nirjarA ke bheda nirjarA do prakArakI hotI hai - bhAva nirjarA aura dravya nirjraa| dAsa guptake anusAra bhAva nirjarAse tAtparya hai, isa prakArakA vaicArika parivartana, jisase karma pradezoMkA nAza ho sake aura dravya nirjarA se tAtparya hai, karmoM kI vinAza prakriyA jo phalabhogake dvArA athavA samayase pUrva tapAdike dvArAkI jAtI hai|' - isa prakAra dravya nirjarA do prakArakI ho jAtI hai - savipAka nirjarA aura avipAka nirjraa|' kramase paripAka kAlako prApta hokara aura apanA zubha athavA azubha phala dekara jo karmoM kI nivRtti hotI hai, use savipAka nirjarA kahate haiN| yaha nirjarA kevala phalonmukha hue karmoM kI hI hotI hai| caturgatike sabhI jIvoMko savipAka nirjarAhI hotI hai| isake viparIta avipAka nirjarA, paripAka kAlase pahale hI, tapAdi vizeSa sAdhanoM ke dvArAkI jAtI hai / yaha nirjarA pakva, apakva 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 1847 2. bArasa aNuvekkhA ,gAthA 66 3. rAjavArtika, pR0 27 4. (ka.) dAsagupta, bhAratIya darzanakA itihAsa, pR0 204; (kha.) paMcAstikAya tAtparyavRtti, gAthA 144 5. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 399 6. vahI, pR0 399 7: bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 1849 8. bArasa aNuvekkhA , gAthA 67 2010_03

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178 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana sabhI karmoM kI hotI hai aura vizeSa purUSArtha karane vAle jIvoMko hI hotI hai|' avipAka nirjarAkA mokSa mArgameM vizeSa mahattva hai / avipAka nirjarAmeM karmoM ke phalita honese pahale hI tapasyA dvArA phalIbhUta karake unako kSINa kara diyA jAtA hai| jaise Ama Adiko pakanese pahale hI pAla Adi meM rakha use pakA liyA jAtA hai usI prakAra vizeSa tapasyA dvArA phalIbhUta honese pahale hI karmoko phalonmukha kara liyA jAtA hai| siddhAntakI bhASA meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai - tapAdi aupakramika kriyA vizeSakI sAmarthya se udayAvalImeM praviSTa ho karake jo karma anubhava kiyA jAtA hai, vaha avipAkaja nirjarAkA dyotaka hai / 2 / jainadarzanakA avipAkaja nirjarAkA siddhAnta vedAntake usa siddhAntase sAmyatA rakhatA hai jisake anusAra jJAnaprAptise saMcita karmoM ko prabhAvahIna banAyA jAtA hai, jaisA ki zaMkarAcAryane tattvabodhameM kahA hai - "saMcitaM karma brahmaivAhamitinizcayAtmakam jJAnena nazyati" mokSapurUSArthIko prArabdhakarmake prati anAsakta rahanA cAhie, kyoMki prArabdha karma anAsakta bhAvase bhogakara hI samApta kiye jA sakate haiM aura saMcita karma tapasyAke dvArA kSaya kiye jA sakate haiM / tapake binA kevala saMvarase hI mokSa nahIM hotaa| jaise saMcita dhana upabhogameM lAye binA samApta nahIM hotA, vaise hI saMcita karma tapasyA ke binA samayase pUrva naSTa nahIMhote, isIlie karma nirjarAke lie tapa Avazyaka hai / ' yaha nirjarA saMvara pUrvaka hI hotI hai kyoMki jaise tAlAba meM jalapravAha yadi AtA hI rahe to pUrva saMcita jalakA nikalanA vyartha ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra navIna karmoM kA Agamana yadi hotA hI rahe to nirjarA vyartha ho jAtI hai| karmoM ke Agamanako rokakara hI yathArtha nirjarA hotI hai|' ___isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana sUtrameM bhI kahA hai baDe tAlAbake pAnIke Ane ke mArgako roka dene ke samAna saMyata jIvakokarmoM kA Azrava nahIM hotA aura tatpazcAt karor3oM janmoMke saMcita karmako tapasyA ke dvArA nirjIrNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. bArasa aNuvekkhA, gAthA 67 2. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0399 3. tattvabodha, sUtra 44 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 1846-1847 bhagavatIArAdhanA, gAthA 1845 jahAM mahAtalAyassa sannirUddhe jalAgame / ussiMcaNAeM tavaNAeM kameNa sosaNa bhave // evaM tu saMjayassA vi pAva kamma niraasve| bhaya koDisaMciyaM kAmaM tavasA nijjrijji|| utarAdhyayana sUtra 33,5-6 2010_03

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karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA 179 karmoM kI vipula nirjarA Atmazuddhike lie kiye gaye tapase hI saMbhavahai, pUjA, pratiSThA tathA kIrtikI bhAvanAse kiye gaye tapase Atmazuddhi nahIM hotii|' Atmazuddhike abhAvameM karmoM kI nirjarA bhI nahIM hotii| adhikAMza tathA saMpUrNa nirjarA manuSya gatimeM hI saMbhava haiM kyoMki anya gatiyoM kA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva muktike yogya nahIM hotaa| ga. nirjarAmeM tapakI pradhAnatA pUjyapAdajIne tapakA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai - "karmakSayArtha tapyate iti tapa:3 arthAt karmakSayake lie purUSArtha karanAhI tapa hai / isIko rAjavArtikakAra akalaMka bhaTTaneisa prakAra kahA hai - "karmadahanAttapa:" karmako dahana arthAt bhasma kara deneke kAraNa hI isako tapa kahA jAtA hai / AcArya padmanandine isI bhAvako pragaTa karate hue kahA hai - "karmamalavilayahetorbodha dRzA tapyate tapa: samyagjJAnarUpI netrako dhAraNa karane vAle sAdhu dvArA karmarUpI mailako dUra karane ke lie jo tapasyAkI jAtI hai, vahI vAstavameM tapa kahalAtA hai| cAritrake lie jo udyoga aura upayoga kiyA jAtA hai usako bhI tapa kahate haiM, 'vaha tapa sAkSAt icchA nirodha rUpa hI hotA hai| " tapase saMvaraaura nirjarA donoM hI hote haiN| gha. tapake bheda tapake do bheda kahe gaye haiM 1. bAhya tapa 2. Abhyantara tp| bAhyapadArthoM ke avalambanase aura anyako dRSTigocara hone vAlA tapa "bAhyatapa" kahalAtA hai| yaha bAhyatapa chahaprakArakA kahA gayA hai, jaisA ki umAsvAmIne tattvArthasUtrameM nirdiSTa kiyA hai - ... "anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgavivikta zayyAsanakAyaklezA: bAhyatapa: 1. umarAva kuMvara, gaNadharagautama: tapasAdhanA jayaguMjAra, nirvANa aMka, 1985 pR07 2. jaina mitra, saMpAdakIya vaktavya, tIna apraila, 1986 gAMdhI cauka, sUrata 3. sarvArthasiddhi,pR0 412 4. rAjavArtika, pR0 619 5. padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA, adhikAra 1, zloka 98 6. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 10 7. icchAnirodhastapovidu: mokSapaMcAzikA, zloka 48 8. sarvArthasiddhi, pa0439 9. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 9 sUtra 19 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana AhArakA tyAga karanA anazana hai, bhUkhase kama bhojana karanA avamaudarya hai, vastuoM ko sImita karanA vRtti parisaMkhyAna hai, jihvA kI lAlasA kA poSaNa karane vAle ghI, dUdha Adi rasoMkA tyAga karanA rasaparityAga hai, ekAnta sthAnameM rahanA viviktazayyAsana tapa hai, sardI-garmI aura vividha AsanoM ke dvArA zarIrako kaSTa denA kAya kleza tapa hai / " 180 bAhya dravyoM kI apekSAse rahita anyake dvArA dikhAI na dene vAlA, mAnasika kriyA pradhAna tapa, ' Abhyantara tapa' kahalAtA hai / ' Abhyantara tapa bhI chaha prakAra kA hotA hai, jaisA ki tattvArtha sUtrameM kahA gayA hai - "prAyazcita vinayavaiyAvRttyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyuttaram" dhAraNa kie hue vratameM pramAdajanita doSakA zodhana karanA prAyazcita hai, jJAna tathA jJAnake dhAraNa karanevAloM meM AdarabhAva rakhanA vinaya hai, yogya sAdhanoM ke dvArA sevA suzruSA karanA vaiyAvRtti hai, jJAna prAptike lie vividha prakArakA adhyayana karanA svAdhyAya hai, ahaMkAra aura mamatvakA tyAga karanA vyutsarga hai| aura cittake vikSepoMkA tyAga karanA dhyAna hai / " gItAmeM zArIrika, vAcasika aura mAnasika ina tIna prakArake tapakA ullekha prApta hotA hai / " ye tInoM tapa jaina mAnya Abhyantara tapase samAnatA rakhate haiM / isa prakAra bAhya tathA Abhyantara vividha prakArake tapase karmoM kI nirjarA karake mokSakI prAptikI jAtI hai rAjavArtikameM kahA gayA hai ki jo jIva mana, vacana aura kAya guptise yukta hokara aneka prakArase tapa karatA hai vaha manuSya vipula karma nirjarA karatA hai / pUjyapAdajIne samAdhizatakameM kahA hai AtmadehAntara jJAnajanitAhalAdanirvRtaH tapasA duSkRtaM ghoraM bhuMjAno'pi na khidyate // 7 1. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 438 2. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 439 3. tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 20 4. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 439 5. bhagavadgItA, adhyAya 17, zloka 14-16 6. rAjavArtika, pR0 584 7. samAdhizataka, zloka 34 2010_03

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karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA 181 AtmA aura zarIrake bheda vijJAnase utpanna hue Anandase jo Anandita hai vaha dvAdazavidha tapake dvArA udayameM lAye gaye bhayAnaka duSkarmoM ke phalako bhogatA huA bhI khedako prApta nahIM hotA / isa prakAra jaina darzanameM puruSArthapUrvaka karmoM kI hAni karaneke lie saMvara aura nirjarAke pathako apanAyA gayA hai / saMvara aura nirjarAke pathapara calate hue jIva, apane ko karmabandhanoMse unmukta kara sakatA hai / karmoMnmUlanakA yaha patha puruSArthakI apekSA rakhatA hai, jaise jaise purUSArtha meM vRddhi hotI jAtI hai, karmoM kA bhAra jIvapara se halkA hotA jAtA hai / isa purUSArtha ke vikAsakramameM sabase pahale jIvako paMcalabdhiyoM kI prApti hotI hai jisase AtmA bahirAtma bhAvako chor3akara antarAtmA ke bhAvakI ora abhimukha ho jAtA hai ataH Age paMcalabdhiyoM kA vivaraNa Avazyaka hai / 5. paMca labdhi karmamuktike purUSArtha svarUpa jIvako vividha zaktiyA~ prApta ho jAtI haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa jIva, muktike sopAnoMpara agrasara ho jAtA hai inheM jaina siddhAntameM labdhi kahA jAtA hai / jIvake karmoMnmUlanake kramameM paMca labdhiyakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| zrI jinendra varNI ke zabdoM meM- "jJAnakI zakti vizeSako labdhi kahate haiM / " samyak zraddhAkI prAptimeM pAMca labdhiyoMkA honA Avazyaka hai ? aura samyak zraddhAke binA karmoMnmUlana saMbhava nahIM hai, puruSArthakI abhivyaktikA yaha kramika vikAsa pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / una pA~coMke nAma haiM- kSayopazamalabdhi, vizuddhi labdhi, dezanAlabdhi, prAyogyalabdhi aura karaNa labdhi, 2 ina pAMcoM labdhiyoMke dvArA jIva satpuruSArtha jAgRta ho jAtA hai aura mokSa prAptikI viziSTapAtratA upalabdha ho jAtI hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa jIva karmodayakI aTUTa zrRMkhalAko chinnabhinna kara uttarottara unnata huI dRSTike dvArA mukti pathakI ora agrasara hojAtA hai / padmanandI paMcavizatikAmeM yahI abhiprAya darzAte hue kahA gayA hai labdhipaMcaka sAmagrI vizeSAtpAtratAM gataH / bhavya samyagdRgAdInAM yaH saH muktipathe sthitaH / 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga tIna, pR0 424 2. khayauvasamiyavisohI desaNapAuggakaraNaladdhI ya cattAri vi sAmaNNA karaNaM sammattacAritte / nemicandrAcArya, labdhisAra, gAthA 3 3. padmanandi paMcavizatikA, adhikAra 4, zloka 12 2010_03

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182 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana uparokta paMcalabdhiyoMmeM prathama cAra labdhiyA~ sAmAnya haiM | ye bhavya aura abhavya donoM jIvoMko prApta hotI haiM, parantu karaNa labdhi kevala bhavya jIvoMko arthAt jinakI zraddhA samyak ho jAtI hai unako hI prApta hotI hai| dayAnanda bhArgavane bhI kahA hai ki cAroM labdhiyoMkI sArthakatA paMcam labdhikI prAptise hI hotI hai / 2 zrIjinendravarNIke zabdoMmeM ye vastuta: mumukSuke pAMca Adya sopAna haiM jinake dvArA uttarottara unnata hotI huI dRSTi tattvalokameM pravezapAneko samartha ho jAtI hai| 2 aba kramaza: paMcalabdhiyoMkA saMkSipta paricaya prApta karanA anivArya hai| 1. kSayopazama labdhi __ paMcalabdhiyoM meM prathama labdhi kSayopazama labdhi hai / kSayakA artha hai - karmoM kA naSTa honA aura upazamakA artha hai - karmoM kA vilopa honA / isa prakAra pUrva saMcitakamoM kI zaktike atyanta hIna hokara phalonmukha honeko "kSayopazama labdhi" kahate haiN| aisI avasthAmeM jIva ko hitAhitakA viveka prApta ho jAtA hai aura vaha paThana pAThana, manana cintana Adi meM isa zaktikA upayoga karatA hai| yaha labdhi buddhi pUrvaka kiye gaye prayatnase prApta nahIM hotI apitu svata: puNyake phalasvarUpa prApta ho jAyA karatI hai| DaoN0 nathamala TaoNTiyAne bhI karmonmUlanake kramameM isa labdhike mahattvakA kathana kiyA hai| 2. vizuddhi labdhi prathama kSayopazama labdhike pariNAmasvarUpa jIvake pUrva saMcit karmoM kI zakti itanI ghaTa jAtI hai ki jIvake pariNAma vizuddha hote jAte haiN| isa vizaddhike kAraNa jIvako sAtA arthAt sukha pahuMcAne vAle karmoM kA udaya ho jAtA hai aura asAtA arthAt sukhake virodhI karmoM kI hAni ho jAtI hai| zrI jinendravarNIne vizuddhiko prApta jIvakI vizeSatA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai ki vizuddhi labdhiko prApta jIva svadu:kha sahiSNu aura paradu:kha kAtara bana 1. SadakhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 6, khaNDa 1, sUtra 1, pR0 205 2. bhArgava dayAnanda, jaina -ethiksa, pR0 208 3. karmarahasya,pR0 192 4. kammamalapaDalasattI pdd'ismymnnNtgunnvihiinnkmaa| hodUNudIradi jadA, tadAkhaovasamaladdhI du / labdhisAra, gAthA 4 jaina ethiksa, pR0 208 6. TaoNTiyA nathamala, sTanaDIja ina jainiz2ama,pR0 270 azabha karmAnabhAgasyAnaMtagaNahAnau satyAM tatkAryasya saMkleza pariNAmasya hArniyathA bhavati"- labdhisAra TIkA. gAthA 5 - 2010_03

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karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA 183 1 jAtA hai / vaha svadoSoMkA darzaka aura para guNakA grAhaka ho jAtA hai / usameM ni:svArtha sevA tathA maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya Adi guNoMkI uttarottara vRddhi hotI jAtI hai / ' vizuddhi labdhiko prApta jIvake ukta guNoMkI tulanA gItAkI daivI sampadAse kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki daivI sampadA prApta purUSameM bhI uparokta lakSaNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| mUlAcArameM nirdiSTa upagUhana (svadoSoM kA aura para guNoM kA darzana, paradoSoMkA aura svaguNoM kA gUhana ) aura vAtsalya Adi guNoM se bhI vizuddhilabdhi prApta jIvake guNoMkI sAmyatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / isa prakAra vizuddhilabdhiko prApta jIva, apane daivI guNoM dvArA azubha karmoM kA unmUlana kara detA hai aura zubha karmoM ke dvArA sukhakA upabhoga karatA hai / 3. dezanA labdhi dvitIya vizuddhilabdhike pariNAma svarUpa jIvakA abhimAna manda ho jAtA hai aura mRdutAkI adhikatA ho jAtI hai / anta: karaNake zuddha ho jAne para jIvako aise gurUkI prApti ho jAtI hai jo use SaTdravyoM (jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla) aura nava padArthoM (jIva, ajIva, Azrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa, puNya aura pApa) kA upadeza detA hai / isa prakAra upadeza dene vAle gurUkI prApti aura upadiSTa arthake grahaNa, dhAraNa aura vicAraNa zaktike samAgama ko dezanA labdhi kahate haiM / upadiSTa arthako grahaNa karanepara hI dezanA labdhi saMbhava hai, anyathA nahIM / isakA pratipAdana karate hue bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA gayA hai ki zabdako sunakara usake arthako samajha lenA, parantu zraddhA sahita cintana manana pUrvaka grahaNa na karanA dezanA nahIM kahalAtA, kyoMki cintana-mananake binA sunA huA bhI nirarthaka ho jAtA hai zraddhAna sahacAri-bodhAbhAvAcchutamapyazrutamiti"5 puruSArthasiddhayupAyameM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo kevala zabda mAtrake vyavahAra ko sAdhya mAnatA hai, vaha dezanA nahIM hai| 1. karmarahasya, pR0 194 2. zrImadbhagavadgItA, adhyAya 16, zloka 1-3 3. mUlAcAra, gAthA 20 4. (ka.) chaddavvaNavapayatthopadesayarasU ripahudilAho jo / desidapadatya dhAraNalAho vA tadiyaladdhI du // labdhisAra, gAthA 6 (kha.) SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 6, khaNDa 1, pR0 204 5. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vinizcaya TIkA, gAthA 105, pR0 250 6. purUSArthasiddhi upAya, zloka 6 2010_03

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184 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana . zrI jinendra varNI ne dezanAlabdhikA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki vinaya, prema, bhakti, nirabhimAnatA Adi guNoM ke prApta hone para hI zaraNApanna ziSyako dezanAlabdhikI prApti hotI hai| gItAke caturtha adhyAyameM bhI aisA kahA gayA hai ki jJAnIjana, abhimAna rahita sevAbhAvI aura zaraNApanna ziSyako hI tattvajJAnakA upadeza dete haiN| 4. prAyogya labdhi dezanAko prApta jIvakA AtmotkarSa itanA bar3ha jAtA hai ki prAyogya labdhi meM Ayu karmako chor3akara zeSa samasta karmoM kI sthiti anta:koTAkoTi varSa raha jAtI hai yaha labdhi bhavya aura abhavya donoM ko sAmAnyarUpase prApta hotI hai|' koTA koTi jaina darzanakI eka pAribhASika saMkhyA hai, jo eka karoDako eka karor3ase guNA karane para prApta hotI hai| isa pramANase kama samayako anta:koTokoTi kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra prAyogya labdhiko prApta jIvameM karmoM kI sthitiko ghaTAne kI zakti prApta ho jAtI hai / jainadarzanameM prAyogya labdhikA itanA hI kathana hai ki karmoM kI sthiti bahuta adhika ghaTa jAtI hai / karaNa labdhise pUrva hI kamoM kA itanA nAza honA isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki dezanAko prApta jIvakA AtmavizvAsa dRDha ho jAtA hai aura gurUkI prApti ho jAnese jIvakA citta zAnta ho jAtA hai / zrI jinendra vargIke zabdoMmeM karaNAnuyogakI bhASA meM jise karmoM kI sthitikA apakarSa kahA jAtA hai use hI adhyAtma bhASA meM AtmotkarSa kaha sakate haiN|' 5. karaNa labdhi pUrva nirdiSTa cAroM labdhiyoMkI sArthakatA karaNa labdhi ke prApta hone para hI hai aura yaha labdhi bhavya jIvoMko hI prApta hotI hai / gommaTasAra jIvakANDameM kahA hai - "karaNalabdhistu bhavya eva syAt 6 jaina darzanameM "bhavya" kA artha samyaka zraddhA (samyagdarzana) pragaTa hone kI yogyatA rakhane vAlA jIvahai / bhavya jIvoMmeM 1. karma siddhAnta, pR0 143 2. zrImadbhagavadgItA, adhyAya 4, zloka 34 3. aMtokor3Akor3I viTThANe ThidirasANa jaM krnnN| pAugga laddhiNAmA bhavvAbhavvesu sAmaNNA || labdhisAra gAthA 7 4. pUrvanirdiSTa adhyAya 5, sthitibandha 5.. karma rahasya, pR0 198 6. gomTasAra jIvakANDa, jIvatattvapradIpikA, gAthA 651 7. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 161 2010_03

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karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA 185 saMsArase mukta honekI athavA karmasantatikA vinAza karanekI yogyatA hotI hai / aisI yogyatAse rahita jIvoMko abhavya kahA jAtA hai| pUrvokta cAra labdhiyA~ bhavya aura abhavya donoM prakArake jIva prApta kara sakate haiM, parantu karaNa labdhikI prApti kevala bhavya jIvoMko hI hotI hai / isa labdhiko prApta jIvoMkI zraddhA pUrNatayA samyak ho jAtI hai aura karma vinAza karane athavA Atmonnati karane ke lie jIvakA Abhyantara purUSArtha prArambha ho jAtA hai| jainendra siddhAnta kozake anusAra karaNa labdhi tathA antaraMga purUSArthameM kevala bhASAkA hI bheda hai / zrI jinendra varNIne kahA hai ki karaNalabdhiko prApta jIva apane cittakI vRttiyoMko bAharase bhItarakI ora usI prakAra sameTa letA hai, jisa prakAra kachuA apane saba aMgoMko bAharase andarakI ora sameTa letA hai| karaNa labdhiko prApta jIvakI tulanA gItAke sthira buddhivAle purUSase kI jAsakatI hai, jo apanI indriyoMko viSayoM se kachuekI taraha sameTa letA hai|' trikaraNa karaNa tIna hote haiM-adha:karaNa yA yathApravRttikaraNa, apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa |gommttsaarmeN kahAgayAhai-"karaNAnitrINyadha:pravRttApUrvAnivRttikaraNAni"" - karmabandha adhikArameM mohanIya karmake do bheda nirdiSTa kiye gaye haiM 1. darzanamoha 2. cAritra moha / darzana mohake kAraNa jIvakI zraddhA viparIta ho jAtI hai| viparItazraddhAko samyaka banAne ke lie athavA darzana mohake AvaraNako naSTa karane ke lie athavA mAnasika granthiyoMkA bhedana karaneke lie jIvako trikaraNakI prakriyAmeMse nikalanA par3atA hai / DaoN0 sAgaramalane tInoM karaNoMkA vivecana karate hue kahA hai ki mohane AtmAko bandI banA rakhA hai| usa bandIgRhake tIna dvAra haiN| AtmAko mukta karAne ke lie tInoM dvAroMke prahariyoMpara vijaya lAbha karanA Avazyaka hai| ina para vijaya lAbha karane kI prakriyAko granthibheda kahate haiM / yaha prakriyA hI adha:karaNAdi trikaraNake dvArA nirdiSTa kI gaI hai| 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga tIna, pR0 222 2. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga tIna, pR0427 3. karma rahasya, pR0 199 4. zrImadbhagavadgItA, adhyAya 2, zloka 58 5. gommaTasAra karmakAMDa, gAthA 897, pR0 1076 6. paMcama adhyAya * bandhake kAraNa tathA bheda prabheda 7. vaizAlI insTIcyUTa, risarca buleTina naM. 3, hindI bhAga, pR080, san 1982 2010_03

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186 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana zrAvaka prajJaptimeM kahA gayA hai ki jisa samaya karmabaddhatA DhIlI ho jAtI hai, usa samaya AtmAmeM granthi bhedanakI zakti A jAtI hai - tIi vi yathovamitte khavie itthatarambhi jIvassa / havai hu abhinnapuvvo gaMThI evaM jiNA binti // ' eka bAra granthi bhedana ho jAnepara jIva muktikI ora avazya agrasara ho jAtA hai| Age tInoM karaNoMkA pRthak-pRthak vivecana iSTa hai - adha:pravRttakaraNa paM0 sukhalAla ke zabdoMmeM . atyalpa Atmazaddhiko jainazAstrameM yathA pravRtti karaNa kahate haiN| aneka prakAra se zArIrika aura mAnasika du:khoMkI saMvedanAoMko sahana karate hue aura saMsAra cakrameM bhramaNa karate hue jIvako pUrvokta cAra labdhiyA~ prApta ho jAtI haiM / caturtha labdhike pariNAma svarUpa karmakA AvaraNa bahuta adhika zithila ho jAtA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa hI AtmAmeM sva niyantraNakI zakti A jAtI hai aura vaha tIvratama (anantAnubandhI) krodha, mAna mAyA aura lobhapara niyaMtraNa karane lagatA hai| yahIMse karma vijayakI yAtrA prArambha ho jAtI hai| DaoN0 sAgaramalake zabdoM meM isa avasthAmeM cetana AtmA aura jaDa karma saMgharSake lie eka dUsare ke samakSa A jAte haiM / isa prakAra isa karaNameM AtmA vAsanAoMkI zaktike samakSa saMgharSa ke lie khaDe honekA sAhasa karatA hai| isa avasthAmeM kabhI kabhI mohavaza arjuna kI yuddhapUrva vRttike samAna palAyana vRtti bhI A jAtI hai, parantu dezanAlabdhi dvArA prApta gurUpadeza, use isa palAyanavRttise roka letA hai| adha:pravattakaraNakA kAla antarmuhUrta mAtra hotA hai / "anttomuhuttometto takkAlo hodi tattha pariNAmA:" | kha. apUrvakaraNa___ apUrvakaraNakI paribhASA karate hue vIrasena svAmIne kahA hai- "karaNA: pariNAmA: 1. zrAvaka prajJapti, gAthA 32, bambaI, vikrama samvat 1961, uddhRta jaina ethiksa pR0 209 2. zrAvaka prajJapti gAthA 33 3. vaizAlI iMsTIcyUTa risarca buleTina naM0 3, hindI bhAga pR081 4. . sTaDIz2a ina jainiz2ama philaoNsaphI, pR0 271 5. DaoN0 sAgaramala, risarca buleTina naM03,pR0 82 6. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 2 2010_03

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karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA 187 na pUrvA: apUrvA:" arthAt isa avasthA meM jIva aise zuddha pariNAmoMko prApta karatA hai, jo isase pUrva kabhI prApta nahIM hue the, isI kAraNa isa avasthAko apUrvakaraNa anvarthaka saMjJA prApta hai| DaoN0 sAgaramalake kathanAnusAra isa avasthA meM AtmA dRDhasaMkalpa pUrvaka saMgharSake lie tatpara ho jAtA hai aura rAga aura dveSa rUpI karma zatruoMko parAsta kara detA hai / rAga-dveSa Adi pradhAna karma zatruoMke parAsta ho jAne se AtmA jisa AnandakA lAbha karatA hai, vaha sabhI pUrva anubhUtiyoMse viziSTa prakArakA hotA hai / isIlie yaha prakriyA apUrvakaraNa kahIjAtI hai| . apUrvakaraNakI avasthAmeM AtmA karma zatruoMpara vijaya lAbha karate hue jina prakriyAoMko karatA hai, unheM apUrvakaraNake cAra Avazyaka kahA jAtA hai| inake nAma haiM - 1. guNazreNI 2. guNa saMkramaNa 3. sthiti khaNDana aura 4. anubhAga khnnddn| guNazreNI aisI avasthA ko kahA jAtA hai, jaba jIva karmoM ke vipAka kAlake pUrva hI unheM phalonmukha kara letA hai| arthAt jIvake zuddhabhAvoM ke pariNAma svarUpa karmoM kI sattA chinna bhinna hone lagatI hai aura ve samayase pUrva hI phala dekara pRthaka ho jAte haiN| guNa saMkramaNa aisI avasthAko kahA jAtA hai jisameM karmoM kA avAntara prakRtiyoM meM rUpAntara hojAtA hai - jaise vedanIya karmakI asAtA prakRtikA usI karmakI sAtAmeM rUpAntara ho jaanaa|' isIprakAra karmabandha adhikArameM nirdiSTa aSTakarmoM kA uttaraprakRtiyoM ke guNoM meM parivartana ho jAtA hai aura yaha parivartana azubhako zubha rUpameM rUpAntarita kara detA hai / sthitikhaNDana apUrvakaraNameM eka aisI avasthA AtI hai jisameM karmoM kI sattAgata sthiti (kAla) khaNDita ho jAtI hai| isakA abhiprAya: yaha hai ki yadi kisI karmakI sthiti adhika ho to vizuddha pariNAmoMke phalasvarUpa usakI sthiti kama ho jAtI hai isIko sthiti ghAta yA sthiti khaNDana kahA jAtA hai| 1. dhavalA, pustaka 1, khaNDa 1, sUtra 16, pR0 180 2. vaizAlI iMsTIcyUTa, risarca buleTina naM0 3, hindI vibhAga, pR0 82 3. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga do, pR0 12 4. labdhisAra, gAthA 53, pR0 84 dhavalA pustaka 6, khaNDa 1; sUtra 5, pR0 224 5. kSapaNasAra,gAthA 583. 6. kSapaNasAra, gAthA 418 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana anubhAgakhaNDana vaha avasthA hai, jisameM karmoM kI tIvratA arthAt pragADhatAmeM kamI A jAtI hai arthAt karmoM kI zakti manda ho jAtI hai, jisase jIvakA AvaraNa jhInA par3a jAtA hai, yaha mandatA azubha karma meM hI AtI hai, zubha prakRtiyoM kA anubhAga ghAta nahIM hotA / labdhisAra meM kahA hai - "suhapayar3INaM NiyamA Natthitti rasassakhaMDANi"? 188 apUrvakaraNakI prakriyAmeM DaoN0 sAgaramalane paMca " apUrva bandha" kA bhI kathana kiyA hai, jisakA artha hai ki kriyamANa kriyAoMse hone vAle bandhakA alpakAlika aura alpatara mAtrAmeM hI bandha honA / isIko labdhisArameM bandhApasaraNa kahA gayA hai / ' sthiti khaNDana aura bandhApasaraNa donoMkA kAla antarmuhUrta mAtra hotA hai, labdhisArakI TIkAmeM kahA hai| "ekaikasthitikhaNDanipatanakAla:, ekaikasthitibandhApasaraNa kAlazca samAnAvantarmuhUrtamAtro"" isase tAtparya yaha hai ki sattAgata sthitikA khaNDana aura vartamAna kriyAoMse honevAle bandhakA alpakAlika (bandhApasaraNa) honA donoM eka hI samayameM ghaTita hote haiM / bandhApasaraNakI tulanA gItAke niSkAma karma yogase kI jA sakatI hai| ataH bandhaapasaraNa usI avasthAmeM hotA hai jabaki jIvake antaHkaraNase rAga dveSa Adi karmazatruoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai / rAga-dveSa ke naSTa honepara kriyamANa arthAt vartamAna kriyAoMke prati anAsakti ho jAtI hai aura Asaktike abhAvameM vaha AgAmI karmabandha karanemeM kAryakArI nahIM hote athavA kama zakti aura sthitiko lekara karmabandha karate haiM / gItAmeM rAga aura dveSako kalyANamArga meM vighna utpanna karane vAlA zatru kahA gayA hai / inako vazameM karane para hI niSkAma karma kiyA jA sakatA hai, " jo bandhakA kAraNa nahIM hotA / ga. anivRttikaraNa anivRttikA artha karate hue vIrasena svAmIne kahA hai, "nivRttirvyAvRttiH, na vidyate nivRttiryeSAM te'nivRttayaH " / " nivRtti zabdakA artha vyAvRtti hai, vyAvRtti kA tAtparya hai na chUTanA / kabhI vyAvRtta na hone vAle pariNAmoMko hI anivRtti kahate 1. labdhisAra, gAthA 80, 81 2. sAgaramala, vaizAlI iMsTIcyUTa, risarca buleTina naM0 3 pR0 83 3. labdhisAra, gAthA 54 labdhisAra, gAthA 79 4. 5. gItA, adhyAya 3, zloka 34 6. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, khaNDa 1, sUtra 17, pR0 183 2010_03

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karmamukti kA mArga saMvara nirjarA 189 haiM aura isa prakArake pariNAmoMko vikasita karane vAlI prakriyA anivRttikaraNa kahalAtI hai| __ isa avasthAmeM sabase adhika. zaktizAlI (anantAnubandhI) kaSAyoMkA samUla nAza ho jAtA hai aura darzanamoha karmapara bhI pUrNatayA vijaya prApta ho jAtI hai / darzanamoha karmako vijaya karane ke lie, isa avasthAmeM eka vizeSa prakArakI prakriyA hotI hai, jise antarakaraNa kahate haiM antarakaraNameM karmoM kI aTUTa paMkti TUTakara do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho jAtI hai - eka pUrva sthitimeM aura dUsarI uparitana sthiti meM / donoMke bIcameM antara arthAt riktatA A jAtI hai| darzanamohake naSTa honese mithyAtva nAmaka prakRti tIna bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita ho jAtI hai, jinheM kramaza: samyaktva moha, mithyAtva moha aura mizramoha kahA jAtA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramalane ina tInoM prakRtiyoMkA dRSTAnta dete hue kahA hai ki- samyaktva moha zveta kA~cakA AvaraNa hai, mizramoha halke raMgIna kAMcakA AvaraNa hai aura mithyAtvamoha gahare raMgIna kA~cakA AvaraNa hai| pahale meM satyakA svarUpa vAstavika dikhAI detA hai, dUsare meM kucha vikRta rUpameM aura tIsaremeM usase bhI adhika vikRta dikhAI detA hai| yaha madhyAntara eka antarmuhUrta samaya taka rahatA hai / isake pazcAt yathArtha dRSTikoNako prApta karakejIva vikAsake agrima sopAnoMpara caDha jAtA hai / anivRttikaraNakA kAla bhI eka antarmuhUrta mAtra mAnA gayA hai / ' granyibhedakA vividha granthi bhedakI yaha prakriyA do bAra hotI hai pahalI bAra prathama guNasthAnake antima caraNameM aura dUsarI bAra sAtaveM, AThaveM aura naveM guNa sthAna meM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki mohanIya karmakI do zaktiyA~ hotI haiM - darzanamoha aura cAritra moh| prathama guNasthAnake anta meM jIva darzanamohakI zaktipara vijaya prAptakaratA hai aura darzanavizuddhiko prApta hotA hai arthAt jIvakI zraddhA mithyAtvase samyaktvameM pariNata ho jAtI hai / parantu jaina darzanake anusAra sAdhanAkI pUrNatA darzana - 1. jaina ethiksa, pR0210 2. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR0 467 3. pUrva nirdiSTa karmabandha adhikAra 4. vaizAlI iMsTIcyUTa, risarca buleTina naM. 3, pR0 83 5. SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 6, khaNDa 1, sUtra 4, pR0 221 6. pUrvanirdiSTa, karmabandhake bheda , mohanIyakarma 7. pUrvanirdiSTa, karaNalabdhi 2010_03

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190 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana vizuddhi na hokara cAritra vizuddhi hai darzana vizuddhi prApta ho jAnepara Age vikAsa karate hue cAritra vizuddhi anivArya rUpase hotI hai / saptam, aSTam aura navam guNasthAnameM granthi bhedakI yaha prakriyA cAritra vizuddhike lie hotI hai , jo cAritra mohanIya karmako naSTa karatI hai|' niSkarSa __ karma muktike mArgase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki koMne anAdikAlase jIvako bandhanameM bhale hI jakar3A huA hai, parantu phira bhI usameM itanA ananta balahai ki yadi dRDha vyavasAya pUrvaka karmoM se mukta honA cAhe to vividha prakArake purUSArthoM ke dvArA mukta ho sakatA hai| karma muktike prathama caraNameM navIna karmoM ke Agamanako rokanA Avazyaka hotA hai, kyoMki yadi saMcita karma naSTa kara diye jAyeM aura navIna karma Ate jAyeM to karmoMse mukta honA saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA / isI kAraNa vrata, samiti, gupti,parISahajaya, cAritra AdikI vividha kriyAoM ke dvArA navIna karmoM ke Agamanako rokA jA sakatA hai aura Abhyantara vividha tapasyAoMke dvArA pUrvabaddha karmoM ko nirjIrNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| prArambhika purUSArtha hI itanA balazAlI hotA hai ki karmoM kI sthitikA atyadhika apakarSaNa ho jAtA hai aura pAMca labdhiyoMmeM antima karaNa labdhiko prApta kara vyaktikI mithyAdhAraNAyeM bhI samyaktvame pariNata ho jAtI haiM / karma muktike isa kramika vikAsako jaina darzana meM karma muktike vividha sopAnoMke dvArA darzAyA gayA hai, jise jaina darzana meM guNasthAna kahate haiN| 1. pazcanirdiSTa, guNasthAna vyvsthaa| 2010_03

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saptama adhyAya karmamukti ke vividhasopAna-guNasthAnavyavasthA miccho sAsaNa misso aviradasammo ya desa virdoy| viradA pamatta idaro apuvva aNiyadi suhamo y|| uvasaMta khINamoho sajogakevali jiNo ajogI y| caudasa jIvasamAsA kameNa siddhA ya NAdavvA // go0jI0, gAthA 9, 10 bandhahetvabhAva nirjarAbhyAM kRtsnakarma vipramokSo mokSaH, tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 10, sUtra 2 sAmAnya avalokana prAcIna jainAgama granthoM meM AtmA ke vikAsakI yAtrAko guNasthAnoM ke dvArA ati sundaratApUrvaka samucita DhaMgase vivecita kiyA gayA hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta na kevala sAdhakakI vikAsa yAtrAkI vibhinna manobhUmiyoM kA citraNa karatA hai-apitu AtmAkI vikAsa yAtrAke pUrvakI bhUmikAse lekara gantavya Adarza taka samucita vyAkhyA bhI prastuta karatA hai / guNakA artha hai-vikAsa aura sthAnakA artha hai-sopAna / isa prakAra guNasthAna vikAsake sopAna hote haiN| AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNoMkI vRddhi aura AtmA se saMyukta karmapudgaloMkI hAni kA digdarzana karAte haiM aura pUrNa ajJAna tathA mithyA dhAraNAkI avasthA se lekara AtmA kI pUrNa pavitratA tathA antima mukti taka kA nirdezana karate haiN| jainendra siddhAnta kozake anusAra moha aura mana, vacana-kAyakI pravRttike kAraNa jIvake antaraMga pariNAmoMmeM pratikSaNa hone vAle utAra car3hAvoMkA digdarzana karAne vAle guNasthAna haiN| guNasthAnoM ke dvArA pUrva nirdiSTa karma bandhake kAraNoMkA kamika abhAva bhI spaSTa darzAyA gayA hai| jyoM jyoM guNasthAnoM meM ArohaNa hotA jAtA hai. karma bandha ke pUrva-pUrva kAraNoMkA vinAza hotA jAtA hai / sabase pahale bandhakA prathama mUla kAraNa mithyAtva dUra hotA hai, isake pazcAta kramaza: avirati, pramAda aura kaSAya dUra hote haiM / antima guNasthAnameM bandhakA antima kAraNa yoga bhI dUra ho jAtA hai| - 1. Fourteen steps which, by a gradual increase of good qualities and decrease of Karma, lead from total ignorance and wrong belief to absolute purity of the soul and final liberation. James Hastings, Encyclopidio of Religion and Ethics 1964, Vol. VII P. 472, 2. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga II, pR0245 ___ 2010_03

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192 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana bandhake kAraNoM ke dUra honepara jIva karma bandhase mukta ho jAtA hai| jaina darzanake anusAra AtmAke guNoMko AvRta karane vAle karmoM meM moha hI pradhAna hai| isa AvaraNake haTate hI zeSa AvaraNa saralatAse haTAye jA sakate haiN| DaoN0 sAgara mala ne guNasthAna siddhAntakI vivecanA pradhAnatayA moha zaktikI tIvratA, mandatA tathA abhAvake AdhAra para hI kI hai| sAdhanAke lakSyakA bodhana hone dene vAlI zakti ko jaina darzanameM "darzana moha" kahA jAtA hai, bodha hote hue bhI, jisa zaktike dvArA svarUpAcaraNa nahIM ho pAtA use cAritra moha kahate haiN| inameM darzana moha prabalatara hai, kyoMki bodhako prApta AtmA cAritra moha para vijaya pA hI letA hai| ___ jIvake ArohaNa avarohaNa kramameM ananta sopAna sambhava haiM / utkRSTa pariNAmoM se lekara jaghanya pariNAmoM taka ananta hAni-vRddhike kramako kathanakI koTimeM lAneke lie unheM caudaha zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| yaha caudaha guNasthAna isa prakAra haiM1. mithyAdaSTi 2. sAsAdana- samyagdRSTi 3. samyagmithyAdRSTi 4. asaMyata samyagdRSTi 5. saMyatAsaMyata 6. pramattasaMyata 7. apramattasaMyata 8. apUrvakaraNa 9. anivRttikaraNa 10. sUkSmasAmparAya 11. upazAntamoha 12. kSINamoha 13. sayoga kevalI 14. ayogakevalI / / yahA~ samyagdRSTike lie jo asaMyata vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai vaha anta: dIpaka hai, isIlie vaha apanese nIce ke samasta guNasthAnoMke asaMyatatva ko vyakta karatA hai| isase Upara vAle guNasthAnoMmeM sarvatra saMyama hai| samyagdRSTi pada nadIke pravAhake samAna Uparake samasta guNasthAnoM meM anuvRttiko prApta karatA hai arthAt Ageke samasta guNasthAnoMmeM samyagdarzana pAyA jAtA hai / pramatta zabda anta: dIpaka hai / isalie yaha zabda SaSTam guNasthAna se pUrvake sampUrNa guNasthAnoMmeM pramAdake astitvako sUcita karatA hai| arthAta SaSTa guNasthAna taka saba pramatta haiM aura isase Upara apramatta haiM / gyArahaveM guNasthAnameM AyA huA chadmastha pada anta:dIpaka hai, isa kAraNa yaha apanese pUrvavartI samasta guNasthAnoMke 1. . sAgaramala, guNasthAna siddhAnta -eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR079 vaizAlI insTIcyUTa risarca, buleTina naM03, 1982 2. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga-do, pR0 245 3. SaTkhaNDAgama 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 9.22 4. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA, 1, bhAga 1, pR0 173 ___ 2010_03

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/ karma mukti ke vividha sopAna-guNasthAna vyavasthA . 193 chadmastha arthAt AvaraNapanekA sUcaka hai / sayogakevalI guNasthAnameM sayoga pada anta: dIpaka hai / yaha nIceke sampUrNa guNasthAnoMke sayogapanekA pratipAdaka hai|' __saMvarake svarUpakA vizeSa parijJAna karane ke lie caudaha guNasthAnoMkA vivecana Avazyaka hai| inameMse prathama cAra guNasthAna mithyAdRSTi, sAsAdana, mizra aura aviratasamyagdRSTi meM audayika pAriNAmika kSAyopazamika aura aupazamika Adi bhAva pAye jAte haiM / ye cAroM darzanamohakI apekSA pradhAna haiM / prathama cAra guNasthAnoM meM cAritra nahIM hai| isase Age ke dezasaMyata, pramattasaMyata aura apramatta saMyatameM kSAyopazamika bhAva hai / yahA~ upazama, kSaya athavA kSayopazama kI apekSA cAritramoha kI pradhAnatA se kathana kiyA gayA hai| isase Uparake apUrvakaraNAdi guNasthAna bhI cAritra mohakI apekSA hI kahe gaye haiN| inameM upazama tathA kSapaka do zreNiyA~ hotI haiN| guNasthAnake viSayameM vIracanda gAMdhIne eka vizeSa dRSTikoNa pradAna karate hue kahA hai ki jaina darzana meM guNasthAnoM kA vivecana nyAya ke anusAra kiyA gayA hai, kAlakI dRSTi se nahIM, kyoMki prAta: ke samaya koI jIva nimna sopAnapara ho sakatA hai, aura vahI jIva dopahara bAda uccatara sopAnoMpara bhI jA sakatA hai, isI prakAra prAta: ucca sopAnavartI jIva dopahara bAda nimna sopAnapara bhI A sakatA hai| jIva jisa kisI sopAna para bhI ArohaNa yA avarohaNa kare usa sopAnake nizcita karma usameM avazya hI pAye jaayegeN| guNasthAna vyavasthA ke anusAra jIvako prathamase tRtIya guNasthAna taka bahirAtmA, caturthase bArahaveM guNasthAna taka antarAtmA aura antima do guNasthAnameM paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai| trividha AtmA-- Agama meM AtmAke tIna rUpoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai- bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| upaniSadameM AtmA ke tIna rUpoM kA kathana karate hue kahA gayA hai. "trividha: puruSo'jAyatAtmA'ntarAtmA paramAtmAceti / " zarIrako 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA 1, bhAga 1, pRSTha 176, 190, 191 cArittaMNatthi jadoavirada aMtesu ThANesu, gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 12 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 13-14 14 Stages are in their logical order and not in chronological order. In the morning you may be in a low stage and afternoon in a higher one or vice versa. The Karma Philosophy, P.60 vRhadadravyasaMgraha, gAthA 14 (6) AtmopaniSad 1,1 2010_03

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194 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana hI AtmA mAnanA aura zarIrake janma-maraNa ko hI AtmAkA janma-maraNa mAnane vAle ajJAnI puruSa bahirAtmA hote haiM / icchA, dveSa, sukha, du:kha, kAma, moha, Adiko hI Atma rUpameM na mAnane vAlA AtmA antarAtmA hotA hai aura sarvaguNoMse rahita, zuddha, sUkSma, niraMjana, zabda, rUpa, rasa rahita, nirAkAra AtmAko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai|' jaina darzanameM bhI AtmA ke ina tInoM rUpoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo mUla rUpameM upaniSadse samAnatA rakhate haiN| AtmAke ina tInoM rUpoM kA guNasthAnakI dRSTise nimna prakAra kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai AtmA paramAtmA jaghanya bahirAtmA antarAtmA utkRSTa utkRSTa utkRSTa prathamaguNasthAnavartI bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI siddha guNasthAna se atIta madhyama madhyama - madhyama dvitIyaguNasthAnavartI 5 se 11 guNasthAna ayoga kevalI 14 guNasthAnavartI jaghanya jaghanya tRtIya guNasthAnavartI caturtha guNasthAnavartI sayoga kevalI (avirata samyagdRSTi) 13 guNasthAnavartI bahirAtmA-antarAtmA-paramAtmA ___uparokta cArTameM caudaha guNasthAnoMmeM tIna prakArakI AtmAoMkA digdarzana karAyA gayAhai-bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa|bndhke pAMco kAraNa-(mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAyaaurayoga) jinajIvoMmeM pAyejAte haiM aisejIvabahirAtmAkahalAte haiN| bahirAtmA jIvoMmeM mithyAtva karmakA udaya hotA hai, tIvra kaSAyoMkA samAveza hotA hai aura ye deha aura AtmAko eka mAnaneke kAraNa hI bahirAtmA kahe jAte haiN| prathama mithyAtva guNasthAnameM jIva utkRSTa bahirAtmA hai, dUsare sAsAdana guNasthAnameM jIva madhyama bahirAtmA hai aura tIsare 1. AtmoniSada 1,2,3,4 2. jIvA havaMti tivihA bahirappA taha ya aMtarappA ya / kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 192 3. micchatta pariNadappA tivva kasAeNa suThTha aavittttho| jIvaM deha ekkaM maNNaMto hodi bhirppaa| kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 193 2010_03

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karma mukti ke vividha sopAna-guNasthAna vyavasthA 195 samyakmithyAtva athavA mizra guNasthAnameM jaghanya bahirAtmA hotA hai, kyoMki bahirAtmA kA mukhya kAraNa mithyAtva bhAva kramaza: hIna hotA jAtA hai| ___bAhya aindriya viSayoMse jIvakI dRSTi haTa kara jaba antarmukhI ho jAtI hai aura vaha AtmA aura dehake bhedako jAnane lagatA hai, taba vahI jIva antarAtmA kahalAtA hai| 'caturtha avirataguNasthAnase lekara bArahaveM kSINamoha guNasthAna taka jIva antarAtmA hotA hai| bandhake pAMca kAraNoM meM se yogako choDa kara zeSa cAra kAraNoM ko jIta lene vAlA kSINa mohIjIva utkRSTa antarAtmAhai, paMcamase gyAharaveM guNasthAna taka ke jIva madhyama antarAtmA haiM aura cartuthaguNasthAnavartI aviratasamyakdRSTi jIva jaghanya antarAtmA haiN| karmamalase rahita AtmAko paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai jo kevalajJAnase paripUrNa hotA hai| paramAtmA bhI do prakArakA hotA hai-"paramappA vi ya duvihA arahatA taha ya siddhAya" | jIvanmukta sayogakevalI aura ayogakevalI avasthAko prApta AtmA arhanta kahalAte haiM aura videhamukta avasthAko prApta siddha kahalAte haiN|' 1. mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna-- mithyAdRSTi zabdakA vyutpatyartha karate hue vIrasenasvAmIne kahA hai- "mithyA vitathA tatra dRSTi: ruci: zraddhA pratyayo yeSAM te mithyAdRSTayaH5 arthAt mithyA zabdakA artha hai-vitathA, asatya aura dRSTi zabdakA artha hai, ruci, zraddhA yA vizvAsa / mithyAtva karmake udayase jina jIvoM ko mithyA zraddhA utpanna ho jAtI hai, aise jIvoMko mithyAdRSTi jIva kahA jAtA hai| aise jIva deha, strI, putrAdimeM anurakta hote haiM, viSaya kaSAyase saMyukta hote haiM aura apane Atma svabhAvase virata hote haiN| bAhya padArthoM meM anurakta hone ke kAraNa mithyA zraddhA yukta jIvoM ko bahirAtmA bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra mithyAdRSTi jIva aneka prakArake karmoM se bandhA huA saMsArameM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| 1. je jiNa-vayaNekusalA yaM jANaMti jIva dehANaM Nijjiya duTThaTTha mayA aMtarappA ya te tivihA / kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 194 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 195-197 3. vahI, gAthA 192 4. sasarIrA arahatA kevalaNANeNa muNiya sylthaa| ___NANa sarIrA siddhA savvuttama sukkha sNptaa|| kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 198 5. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, 1 bhAga 1, pR0 162 6. dehAdisa aNarattA visayAsattAkasAyasaMjattA. appasahAve suttA te sAhU sammaparicattA / kundakundAcArya, rayaNasAra, gAthA 106 7. bahirAtmA tuprathamaM mithyAdRSTiguNasthAnamevanAtikramate, cainasukhadAsa, jainadarzanasAra,1950, pR09 8. baMdhaI bahuvidhakarmANi yena saMsAraM bhramati, paramAtma prakAza, 1, gAthA 77 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana karma siddhAntakI bhASAmeM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mithyAtva guNasthAnavartI jIva, darzanamohanIyakI karmaprakRtiyoMke pragAr3ha bandhanameM baMdhA hone ke kAraNa tattvArtha zraddhA se vimukha hotA hai, ' tattvArtha zraddhAnake abhAva meM zubhAzubha, kartavyAkartavya tathA lakSyakA viveka mithyAdRSTi jIvako nahIM hotA / 196 jainadarzanake anusAra samasta vizvakI adhikAMza AtmAyeM mithyAtva guNasthAna meM hI haiM, isa guNasthAnameM mithyA zraddhAnake kAraNa saMvarakA abhAva hotA hai / mithyAdRSTi jIva ekAnta, viparIta, vinaya, saMzaya aura ajJAna ina pAMca prakArake mithyA pariNAmoMse kaluSita hotA hai| ina pAMca prakArake mithyAtvakA paricaya karAte hue vIrasena svAmIne kahA hai --- sat-asat, eka- aneka, nitya- anitya Adi dharmoM meM ekAnta zraddhA rakhanA ekAnta mithyAtva hai / sIpako cAMdI samajhane ke samAna viparIta zraddhA rakhanA viparIta mithyAtva hai / viparIta mithyAtvake vazIbhUta huA AtmA hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, va rAga, dveSa, moha Adi ko hI sukha tathA muktikA kAraNa mAna letA hai / jJAna, darzana, tapa, saMyama Adi kI avahelanA karake eka mAtra vinayako hI muktikA kAraNa mAnanA vainayika mithyAtva hai, "yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa" isa prakArake saMzayameM hI bhaTakAne vAlA mithyA zraddhAna saMzayamithyAtva kahalAtA hai, jJAnake abhAva rUpa zraddhAnako ajJAna mithyAtva kahate haiM / ajJAna mithyAtva ke vazIbhUta huA jIva hitAhitake vivekase rahita hokara ahita meM hI pravRtti karatA rahatA hai / bauddhadarzanameM bhI midhyAtvako avidyAjanita avasthA kahA gayA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa mithyAdRSTikA prAdurbhAva hotA hai aura vyakti asat ko sat, anAtmAko AtmA, nazvarako avinAzI aura duHkhako hI sukha samajhane lagatA hai / " mithyAtva dazAkI tulanA gItAkI tAmasa pravRttise kI jA sakatI hai jahA~ prANiyoM kI jJAna zakti, mAyAse kuNThita rahane ke kAraNa pApamaya aura AsurI ho jAtI hai / 1. rAjavArtika, pR0588 2. midhyAdRSTi guNasthAne saMvaro nAsti, vRhad dravyasaMgraha, brahmadeva TIkA, gAthA, 34 eyaMtaviNaya vivarIyasaMsayamaNNANamidi have paMca, bArasa aNuvekkhA, gAthA 48 3. 8. 5. 6. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 8, bhAga 1, pR0 20 sinhA harendra, bhAratIya darzanakI rUparekhA, pR0 10 bhagavadgItA adhyAya 7, zloka 15 2010_03

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karma mukti ke vividha sopAna-guNasthAna vyavasthA 197 mithyAtvake vazIbhUta huA prANI cAhe indriya saMyama Adi vratoM kA AcaraNa bhI karatA ho, parantu AtmA anAtmAke jJAnase rahita hone ke kAraNa mithyAtva guNasthAnameM hI aTakA rahatA hai| isI kAraNa samantabhadrAcAryane kahA hai- "azreyazca mithyAtvasamaM nAnyattatanUbhRtAm" / ' gItAmeM bhI haThapUrvaka indriya saMyama karane vAle aura manase viSayoMkA smaraNa karane vAle ajJAnI jIvako mithyAcArI kahA hai,2 kyoMki zarIra dhAriyoMko saMsAra meM bhaTakAne vAlA ajJAna hI hai| ajJAnAvasthA meM kI gaI sabhI kriyAyeM niSphala hotI haiM, ata: ajJAnase bar3hakara akalyANakara anya kucha nahIM hai| __ ajJAnakA nAza kiye binA agrima sopAnoMpara ArohaNa asambhava hai| isa vargameM bhI kucha AtmAyeM kaSAyoMke tIvratama vegoMpara niyantraNa kara vikAsAbhimukha ho jAte haiN| aisI AtmAyeM darzanamohakI granthi ko bhedane ke lie pUrvokta'trikaraNakI prakriyAmeM saphala hokara sIdhA caturtha sopAna ko prApta kara lete haiM / bhAgyake bharose na rahakara jo AtmA pariNAma vizuddhikA nirantara abhyAsa karatA hai, vaha kramaza: unnatiko avazya prApta kara letA hai|' isa guNasthAnameM mizramohanIya karma, samyaktva mohanIya karma, AhArakazarIra nAma karma, AhAraka aMgopAMga nAma karma aura tIrthakara prakRti kA udaya sambhava nahIM hai / mithyAtvamohanIya, napuMsakaveda, narakaAyu, narakagati, narakagatyAnuparvI, ekase cAraindriya jAti, huMDakasaMsthAna, asamprAptasRpATikA saMhanana, sthAvara, Atapa, sUkSma, aparyApta aura sAdhAraNa ina solaha karma prakRtiyoMkA udaya kevala isI guNasthAnameM hotA hai| isase Age inakA udaya nahIM hotA, kyoMki ye saba prakatiyA~ atyadhika nimna koTi kI mAnI jAtI haiN| mithyAtva prakRtike antake sAtha hI ina saba prakRtiyoMkA anta ho jAtA hai| 2. sAsAdana samyagdRSTi guNasthAna sAsAdanakA lakSaNa karate hue paMca saMgrahameM yaha gAthA kahI gayI haisammattarayaNapavvaya siharA do micchbhaavsmbhimuho| NA siya sammatto so sAsaNa NAmo muNeyavvo // 6 MMS ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra,zloka 34 bhagavadgItA, adhyAya 3, zloka 6 pUrvanirdiSTa adhyAya 6, paMca labdhi kuralakAvya, pariccheda 62, zloka 10 micchattahuDasaMDhAsaMpattesakkhathAvarAdAvaM / suhumatiyaM viyaliMdI NirayaduNirayAuga micche / / gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 95 paMcasaMgraha, prAkRta, adhikAra 1, gAthA 9 __ 2010_03

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198 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana arthAt samyaktva rUpI ratnaparvatake zikharase cyuta mithyAtva rUpI bhUmike sammukha, samyaktvake nAzako prApta jo jIva hai, use sAsAdana nAma vAlA jAnanA caahie| isa gAthAse spaSTa hai ki sAsAdana guNasthAna, prathama mithyAdRSTi guNasthAnakI apekSAse vikAsAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai, parantu yathArthameM yaha AtmAkI patanonmukha avasthAkA dyotaka hai| koI bhI AtmA prathama guNasthAnase vikAsa karake yahA~ nahIM AtA, apitu Upara kI vikAsAtmaka zreNiyoM se patita hokara, puna: mithyAtvako prApta hone se pUrva, isa guNasthAnako prApta karatA hai| rAjavArtikakArane sAsAdana samyagdRSTikA varNana karate hue kahA hai- "tasya mithyAdarzanasyodaye nivRttaM anantAnubandhI kaSAyodayakaluSIkRtAntarAtmA jIva: sAsAdana samyagdRSTirityAkhyAyate" arthAt sAsAdana samyagdRSTi jIvameM mithyAdarzanake udayakA abhAva hotA hai aura ananta kAla taka rahane vAle tIvratama kaSAyoM (anantAnubandhIcatuSka)2 se usakA antarAtmA kaluSita hotA hai / vastuta: tIvratama kaSAyakA jAgRta honA hI jIvake patanakA kAraNa hotA hai, jo ise samyaktvake zikharase mithyAtvakI ora abhimukha kara detA hai / vAstavameM isa guNasthAna meM girane vAle jIvakA samyaktva dRr3ha nahIM hotA, aise samyaktva ko jaina darzanameM upazama samyaktva kahA jAtA hai| zrImatI sTIvansanane upazamasamyaktvakI tulanA aisI Agase kI hai, jo bhasma ke nIce chipI huyI hai, isI prakAra jIvake mithyAkarma, samyak karmake prabhAvase kabhI kabhI lambe samaya taka niyantrita rahate haiM, parantu bhasmameM chipI AgakI taraha kisI bhI samaya pragaTa avazya ho sakate haiN| upazama samyaktvako prApta jIvake anantAnubandhI kaSAya kucha samayake lie pragaTa nahIM hote, parantu jaba bhI vaha pragaTa hote haiM, to vaha patita hokara sAsAdana guNasthAnameM A jAtA hai / isa prakAra samyaktvakA AsAdana arthAt avahelanA karanese isa guNasthAnakI prApti hotI hai| isI kAraNa ise sAsAdana kahA jAtA hai aura mithyAdarzanase abhI dUra hai isI kAraNa samyagdRSTi kahA jAtA hai / ' bRhatkalpabhASyameM isa guNasthAnako tIna udAharaNoM ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 1. eka vyakti khIra kA bhojana karatA hai aura usake pazcAt use kisI 1. rAjavArtikAlaMkAra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 1, pR0 588 2. pUrva nirdiSTa adhyAya 5 3. harTa oNpha jainijama, pR0 186 galaoNsanaipa DaoNkTarAina oNpha karma ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR0 77 / 5. vRhat kalpabhASya, bhAga 1, gAthA 126, 128 uddhRta jaina ethiksa pR0 213 2010_03

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karma mukti ke vividha sopAna-guNasthAna vyavasthA 199 kAraNavaza vamana ho jAtA hai, vamana ke pazcAt bhI use pUrva miThAsakA AsvAdana rahatA hai| isI prakAra samyaktvako chor3ane ke pazcAt bhI kiMcita AsvAdana rahane ke kAraNa, sAsvAdana nAma diyA gayA hai| 2. AkAzase pRthvIpara girane vAlA vyakti, yadyapi Uparake svAdako choDa cukA hai, parantu pRthvI para abhI nahIM pahuMcA / yaha madhyakI avasthA hI sAsAdana kahI jAtI hai| 3. miSThAnna bhojana karane ke pazcAta soneko gayA huA vyakti, jaba taka gaharI nidrAmeM nahIM calA jAtA, taba taka bhojanakA AsvAdana karatA rahatA hai| isI prakAra samyak athavA sat se mithyAtva athavA tamakI ora jAne vAlA jIva, jaba taka gAr3ha tamameM nahIM calA jAtA taba taka samyakkA AsvAdana karatA rahatA hai| uparokta tathyoMse spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sAsAdana guNasthAna madhyakI sthiti hai aura isakA samaya bahuta kama hotA hai / DaoN0 glaoNsanepa ne kahA hai ki koI bhI jIva isa guNasthAna meM kama se kama eka samaya aura adhika se adhika chaha AvalIparyanta hI rahatA hai| AvalI jaina darzana dvArA mAnya gaNitakA eka saiddhAntika kAla pramANa hai jo kSaNa bharakI alpatama avasthAkA sUcaka hai / isa guNasthAnase Age nimna karma prakRtiyoM kA bandha nahIM hotaa| anantAnubandhI catuSka, tIna nidrAyeM (styAnagRddhi, nidrAnidrA, pracalA-pracalA) cAra saMhanana (vajranArAca, nArAca, ardhanArAca, kIlita) cAra saMsthAna (nyagrodha parimaNDala, svAti, kubjaka aura vAmana) tiryaMca gati, tiryaMca Ayu, tiryaMcAnupUrvI, durbhaga, dusvara, anAdeya, udyota, nIca gotra, strIveda, aprazasta vihAyogati / 3 isa guNasthAna se Age eka se cAra indriya, sthAvara zarIra, cAra anantAnubandhI kaSAya ina nau prakRtiyoMkI udaya aura udIraNA nahIM hotii| 3. mizra guNasthAna (samyak mithyAdRSTi)-- mizra guNasthAnakI paribhASA karate hue jainendra siddhAnta kozameM kahA gayA hai ki dahI va gur3ake mizrita svAdake samAna, samyak aura mithyA mizrita zraddhA aura jJAnako dhAraNa karanekI avasthA vizeSa hI samyagmithyAtva yA mizraguNasthAna kahalAtI hai| gommaTasAra jIvakANDameM isa guNasthAna kA lakSaNa isa gAthA dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai galAsanepa DaoNkTarAina oNpha karma ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR0 77 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga II, pR0216 3. gommaTasAra karmakANDa. gAthA 96 galaisanaipa, DaoNkTarAina oNpha karma ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR0 78 5. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR0 318 ai di 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana dahigur3amiva vA missaM puha bhAvaM Neha kAriduM sakkaM / evaM missaya bhAvo sammAmicchotti NAdavyo / ' tAtparya yaha hai ki samIcIna aura mithyA donoM prakAra kI dRSTi vAlA jIva hI samyagmithyAdRSTi kahalAtA hai| yaha eka anizcayakI avasthA hotI hai, jisameM jIva satya aura asatyake madhya hI jhUlatA rahatA hai, na vaha satyakI ora unmukha ho pAtA hai aura na hI asatyako svIkAra kara pAtA hai| samyakabodhako prApta catartha guNasthAnavI jIvoM meM jaba samyakbodha ke prati saMzaya utpanna ho jAtA hai, usI samaya ve patita hokara, isa anizcayakI avasthA ko prApta hote haiM, prathama guNasthAnavI jIva, jaba samyak bodha kI avasthA kI ora unmukha hotA hai, usa samaya bhI mithyAtvako tyAgane aura samyak ko grahaNa karane se pahale jIva kSaNa bharake lie, isa anizcayAtmaka avasthAko prApta hotA hai| zrI jinendra vargIke zabdoMmeM samyamtvase girate samaya athavA mithyAtva se car3hate samaya alpa samaya ke lie isa avasthAkA vedana honA sambhava hai / 2 ___ isa prakAra isa zreNImeM jIva mithyAtva guNasthAna yA uparima caturtha guNasthAnase AtA hai / anizcayAtmaka avasthAke samApta hone para yadi jIva mithyAdhAraNAko apanAtA hai to nIceke mithyAdRSTi guNasthAnako prApta kara letA hai aura yadi samyak dhAraNAko apanAtA hai, to Uparake samyak bodha vAle caturtha guNasthAnako prApta kara letA hai / 2 isa tathya ko DaoN0 glaisnaipa ne bhI isI rUpameM spaSTa kiyA hai / vIrasena svAmI ne kahA hai ki isa guNasthAna se jIva prathama yA caturtha do hI guNasthAnoM meM jA sakatA hai, inake atirikta anya guNasthAnoM meM isa avasthA vAlA jIva nahIM jA sktaa| mizraguNasthAnakI tIna vizeSatAyeM haiM jo nimna gAthAmeM kahI gayI haiM-- so saMjamaM Na giNhadi desasaMjamaM vA Na baMdhade aauN| sammaM vA micchaM vA parivajjiya maradi NiyameNa / / 6 . 1. 2. 3. 4. . gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 22 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR0 317 TaoNTiyA, sTaDIja ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR0277 galaisanaipa, DaoNkTarAina oNpha karma ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR0 78 tassa micchttasammattasa hidAsaMjadaguNe mottUNa guNaMtaragamanAbhAvA SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA pustaka 4, khaNDa 1, sUtra 9, pR0 343 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 23 6. 2010_03

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karma mukti ke vividha sopAna-guNasthAna vyavasthA 201 arthAt 1. mizra guNasthAna meM karmoM kA aisA AvaraNa par3A hotA hai ki jIva kisI prakArase pUrNarUpeNa yA alpa mAtrAmeM bhI saMyama karane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| 2. yaha guNasthAna atyalpa samayake lie hotA hai aura isameM mizrita bhAva hote haiN| isI kAraNa bhAvI naraka, manuSya, tithaMca aura deva ina cAroM AyukarmakA bandha jIva isa mizrita avasthAmeM nahIM kara sakatA / 3. isa avasthAmeM jIva, maraNako prApta nahIM hotA, kyoMki mizrabhAvameM maraNa sambhava nahIM hai / mizra pariNAmako tyAga kara mithyAdRSTi athavA aviratasamyakadRSTi guNasthAna ko prApta karane ke pazcAt hI jIva maraNa ko prApta hotA hai | DaoN0 kalaghATakIne isa sandarbha meM Adhunika me vyAkhyA prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki mizraguNasthAnakI avasthA meM mRtyu sambhava hI nahIM hotI, kyoMki mRtyuke samaya AtmAmeM saMgharSakI zakti nahIM hotii| isI kAraNa mRtyuse pUrva hI vaha saMgharSa samApta ho jAtA hai aura AtmA mithyA yA samyak eka dRSTikoNa apanA letA hai| mizraguNasthAnavartI jIvakI anizcayAtmaka avasthA gItAke saMzayAtmA jIvase kucha bhinna hotI hai| mizraguNasthAnavartI jIva yadyapi saMzayAtmA jIvake samAna bhrama arthAt saMzayakI sthiti meM hI hotA hai aura samyaka, tathA mithyAkA nirdhAraNa nahIM kara pAtA, parantu gItA meM kahA gayA hai "saMzayAtmA vinazyati 2 arthAt saMzayAtmA naSTa ho jAtA hai| parantu mizraguNasthAnavartI jIvakA saMzaya yadi mithyAtva rUpa pariNamita ho tabhI vaha naSTa hotA hai, anyathA samyak rUpameM pariNamita hone para vaha uparima sopAnapara bhI agrasara ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vAsanAtmaka evaM sAMsArika pravRttiyoM kA pakSa lene vAlA jIva hI mithyAtvameM gira kara naSTa hotA hai, parantu tyAgamaya naitika mUlyoMkI ora unmukha jIva unnata avasthAko hI prApta karatA hai| mohanIya karmakI darzana mohakI avasthAmeM hI mizrabhAvoMkA udaya hotA hai, jise mizramohanIya karma kahate haiM jisakA varNana mohanIya karma meM kiyA gayA hai| isa guNasthAna ke pazcAt mizramohanIya karma udaya aura udIraNAmeM nahIM aataa|' sAgaramala, guNasthAna siddhAnta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR0 88 uddhRta, vaizAlI iMsTIcyUTa, risarca, buleTina naM03 2. gItA, adhyAya 4, zloka 40 3. pUrva nirdiSTa, karmabandha adhikAra, mohanIya karma ___ galaisanaipa DaoNkTarAIna oNpha karma ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR079 2010_03

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202 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana 4. asaMyatasamyagdRSTi asaMyatsamyagdRSTikI paribhASA karate hue vIrasena svAmIne kahA hai"samIcIna dRSTi: zraddhA yasyAsau samyagdRSTi: asaMyatazcAsau samyagdRSTizca asaMyatasamyagdRSTi:" 1 tAtparya yaha hai ki tRtIya guNasthAnavartI jIva jisa samaya samyakkI ora unmukha hotA hai, to vaha caturtha guNasthAnameM A jAtA hai / isa guNasthAna vAle jIvakI zraddhA samyaka hotI hai arthAt vaha satyako satyake rUpameM aura asatyako asatyake rUpameM hI samajhatA hai, parantu tadanusAra AcaraNa nahIM kara pAtA, isI kAraNa use asaMyata samyagdRSTi kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra isa guNasthAnavartI jIvakA jJAnAtmaka aura zraddhAtmaka pakSa to samyaka hotA hai, parantu AcaraNAtmaka pakSa samyak nahIM hotaa| ___caturtha guNasthAnavI jIvakI tulanA gItAke "samyavyavasita puruSa se kI jA sakatI hai| gItAke navam adhyAyameM kahA gayA hai ki jisakA nizcaya yathArtha hai, yadi vaha AcaraNase rahita bhI hai taba bhI use sAdhu hI samajhanA caahie| kyoMki AcaraNase rahita yathArtha zraddhA vAlA jIva, apanI satya zraddhAko kabhI na kabhI kAryAnvita avazya hI kara letA hai, parantu samyak zraddhAke abhAvameM samyak AcaraNa karanA kadApi sambhava nahIM hai| samyak zraddhAke kAraNa vaha sAMsArika bhogoMko bhogatA huA bhI unako tyAjya hI samajhatA hai / paMcAdhyAyIke zloka ke anusAra, "upekSA sarvabhogeSu sadRSTairduSTarogavat" arthAta jaise rogako anubhUta karate hue bhI rogIko rogameM Asakti nahIM hotI isI prakAra samyak dRSTikI bhoga ko bhogate hue bhI usameM AsaktinahIM hotI apitu rogakI taraha upekSA bhAva hI rahatA hai| trividha samyakdRSTi samyak dRSTi jIva tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - aupazamika, kSAyika, aura kSAyopazamika / ye tInoM avasthAyeM mohanIya karmakI sAta prakRtiyoM (darzana mohakI tIna aura anantAnubandhIcatuSka) ke prazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama se prApta 1. 2. 3. dhavalA, pustaka, 1, khaNDa 1, sUtra 12, pR0 171 gItA, adhyAya 9, zloka 30 paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArdha, zloka 261 pUrvanirdiSTa, adhyAya 5, mohanIya karma 2010_03

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karma mukti ke vividha sopAna-guNasthAna vyavasthA 203 hotI haiM / isa viSayakA pratipAdana jJAnArNavase uddhRta nimna zlokameM kiyA gayA hai saptAnAM prazamAtsamyak kSayAdubhayato'pi c| prakRtInAmiti prAhustraividhyaM sumedhasaH // ' sAta prakRtiyoM ke prazama arthAt upazamase aupazamika, kSayase kSAyika aura kSayopazamase kSAyopazamika samyagdRSTi hotA hai, parantu isa avasthAmeM cAritra mohanIya karmake anya apratyAkhyAnAvaraNAdi kaSAya (cAritra-mohakI zeSa 21 kaSAya) kA udaya rahanese vaha asaMyata hotA hai| ka. aupazamika samyakadRSTi upazamase hone vAle aupazamika samyagdRSTikA varNana karate hue vIrasenasvAmI ne kahA hai "daMsaNamohuvasamAdo uppajaiyajaM payattha sddhnnN| uvasamasammattamiNaM psnnnnmlpNktoysmm||' jIva jisa samaya darzanamohakI prakRtiyoMkA upazama kara arthAt dabA kara Age bar3hatA hai, usa samaya upazama samyaktvako prApta hotA hai, upazama samyaktvakI tulanA aise jalase kI jA sakatI hai jisakA mala athavA kIcar3a nIce baiTha gaI hai| yadyapi aisA samyaktva vartamAna avasthAmeM zuddhahotA hai, parantu usake malayukta honekI zIghra hI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| yaha samyaktva caturtha guNasthAnase prArambha hotA hai aura gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka rahatA hai| kha. kSAyika samyakadRSTi pUjyapAda svAmIne kSayakA artha karate hue kahA hai "kSaya AtyantikI nivRtti:" karmoM kA AtmAse sarvathA dUra ho jAnA kSaya kahalAtA hai aura karmokA kSaya karane vAlA jIva kSAyika samyakdRSTi hotA hai| .. vIrasena svAmIne kSAyika samyakdRSTikA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai. "edAsiM sattaNhaM NiravasesakhaeNa khaiyasammAiTThI ucyaI / 6 darzana mohakI 1. 2. 3. 1. jJAnArNava, adhikAra 6, zloka 7 pUrvanirdiSTa, adhyAya 5, mohanIya karma gommaTasAra jIva kANDa, gAthA 26 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 144, pR0 396 sarvArthasiddhi, adhyAya 2, sUtra 1, pR0 149 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 12, pR0 171 2010_03

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204 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana tIna aura anantAnubandhI catuSka ina sapta prakRtiyoM ke sarvathA vinAzase jIva kSAyika samyakdRSTi kahA jAtA hai / kSAyika samyakdRSTi kI vizeSatA darzAte hue vIrasena svAmI ne puna: kahA hai khaiyasammAiTThINa kayAi vi micchattaM gacchaI, Na kunnii| saMdehaM pi micchattubbhavaM davaNa No vimhayaM jaaydi|' arthAt kSAyika samyakdRSTi jIva kabhI bhI mithyAtva aura sandeha ko prApta nahIM hotA aura mithyAtva janya atizayoMko dekhakara vismayako bhI prApta nahIM hotA / nemicandrAcAryane aise samyaktvako meruke samAna niSkampa, nirmala tathA akSaya ananta kahA hai sattaNNaM payar3INaM khayAdu khaiyaM tu ho di sammattaM / meru vi NippakaMpaM suNimmalaM akkhayamaNaMtaM // 2 kSAyika samyakdRSTi jIva kA samyaktva akSaya aura ananta hone ke kAraNa hI caturtha guNasthAnase prArambha hokara antima guNasthAna taka sthira rahatA hai aura vaha jIva sarvakarma prakRtiyoM kA vinAza kara paramAtma svarUpako prApta kara letA hai| ga. kSAyopazamika samyagdRSTi jIva jaba vAsanAoMkA AMzika rUpameM kSaya aura AMzika rUpameM hI upazama karake yathArthatAkA bodha karatA hai, usa samaya use kSAyopazamika samyagdRSTi kahA jAtA hai| vIrasenasvAmIne isakA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai dasaNamohudayAdo uppajjaI jaM payatva sddhnnN| calamalinagADhaM taM vedaga smmttmihmunnsu|| darzanamohanIya karmake udayase jo cala, malina, aura agAr3ha rUpa zraddhA hotI hai usako vedaka samyaktva kahate haiM / vedaka samyaktva hI kSAyopazamika samyaktva hotA hai- khaovasamiyaM vedagasammattamidi ghar3ade"" isa samyaktva meM asthAyitva aura malinatA hotI hai, isa kAraNa damita vAsanAoMke puna: prakaTa honekI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 12, pR0 171 labdhisAra,gAthA 164 SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 145, pR0 396 vahI, sUtra 144 pR0 396 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalATIkA, sUtra 5, pustaka 5, pR0 200 4. 5. 2010_03

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karma mukti ke vividha sopAna-guNasthAna vyavasthA 205 DaoN0 sAgaramalane aupazamika aura kSAyopazamika samyagdRSTi kI tulanA sthaviravAdI bauddha paramparAkI zrotApanna avasthAse kI hai, jisa prakAra aupazamika aura kSAyopazamika samyagdRSTi jIvameM samyak mArgase parAD.mukha honekI sambhAvanA rahatI hai, usI prakAra zrotApanna sAdhakameM bhI mArgacyuta hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| kSAyopazamika samyagdRSTikI tulanA aise vRddha puruSa se kI jA sakatI hai, jo lakar3Iko zithilatA pUrvaka pakar3a kara calatA hai, jisa prakAra zithilatA pUrvaka lakaDIko pakar3anese vaha vRddha kabhI bhI gira sakatA hai, usI prakArI zithila zraddhAke kAraNa kSAyopazamika samyagdRSTi kabhI bhI vicalita ho sakatA hai| kSAyopazamika samyagdRSTi jIva caturtha asaMyata samyagdRSTi guNasthAnase prArambha hokara, saptama apramatta guNasthAna taka hote haiN| isase AgekI zreNiyoM meM isa jIvakA samyakva kSaya athavA upazamameM se eka zreNIko prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra caturthaguNasthAnavI jIvakI tIna avasthAyeM nirdiSTa kI gaI haiN| mahAyAnI bauddhasAhityake "bodhi praNidhicitta" se isa avasthAkI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| caturtha guNasthAnavartI AtmAkI dRSTi samyak hotI hai, cAhe vaha tInoM avasthAoMmeM se kisI bhI avasthAko prApta kyoM na ho| vaha yarthAtha mArgako jAnatA hai aura usa para calane kI bhAvanA bhI rakhatA hai, parantu mArgapara calanA prArambha nahIM karatA / bodhipraNidhicittameM bhI isI prakAra yarthAtha mArgameM gamana kI aura lokaparitrANa kI bhAvanA hotI hai, parantu vaha bhAvanA kAryameM pravRtta nahIM hotii| apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa catuSka, vajra vRSabhanArAca saMhanana, manuSyagati, manuSyagatyAnupUrvI, manuSyAyu, audArika zarIra aura audArika aMgopAMga (karmabandha adhyAya meM nirdiSTa) ina dasa karma prakRtiyoMkA bandha isa guNasthAna se Age nahIM hotaa|" DaoN0 glaoNsanaipa ne bhI isa tathya kA nirdezana kiyA hai| 5. saMyatAsaMyata guNasthAna-- yaha vikAsa kI paMcamazreNI hai / vIrasena svAmI ne saMyatAsaMyatakA vyutpatyartha sAgaramala, guNasthAna siddhAnta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 80, vaizAlI iMsTIcyUTa, risarca buleTina naM03 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 12, pR0 171 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pR0397 sAgaramala, guNasthAna siddhAnta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR0 89 uddhRta vaizAlI iMsTIcyUTa risarca buleTina naM03 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR098 galaoNsanaipa DaoNkTarAIna oNpha karma ina jaina philaoNsaphI ___ 2010_03

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206 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana "saMyatAzca te asaMyatAzca saMyatAsaMyatA:" karate hue kahA hai jo saMyata hote hue bhI asaMyata hote haiM unheM saMyatAsaMyata kahate haiM | saMyama dhAraNa karane vAlA saMyata kahalAtA hai aura saMyama dhAraNa karanekI abhyAsa dazAmeM kucha saMyama aura kucha asaMyama arthAt ekadeza saMyama dhAraNa karane vAleko saMyatAsaMyata kahate haiN| zrI jinendra varNIke matameM saMyama dhAraNa karane kI abhyAsadazA meM kucha asaMyama pariNAmase yukta zrAvaka saMyatAsaMyata kahalAtA hai| eka hI jIvameM saMyama tathA asaMyama donoM virodhI bhAva kaise sambhava ho sakate haiM, isa tathya kA vizleSaNa karate hue vIrasena svAmI ne kahA hai "saMyamAsaMyamayorekadravyavartinastrasasthAvara nibndhntvaat| 3 arthAta saMyama aura asaMyama ina donoM bhAvoMkI utpatti ke kAraNa bhinna bhinna haiM / trasa prANiyoM (do indriya se paMcendriya taka) kI hiMsA se virata arthAt vairAgya rakhane vAleko saMyata kahA gayA hai aura sthAvara arthAt ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsAse avirata arthAt vairAgya na rakhane vAle jIvako asaMyata kahA jAtA hai| paMcama guNasthAnavI jIva trasa jIvoMkI hiMsAse saMyata hote hue bhI sthAvara jIvoMkI hiMsA se saMyataM nahIM hotA, isI kAraNa eka hI jIvameM donoM bhAva ghaTita ho jAte haiM / isa guNasthAnako ekadeza saMyamakI apekSA "deza virata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna" bhI kahA jAtA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala ke anusAra yaha zraddhA kI apekSAse paMcamaguNasthAna hai parantu AcaraNakI apekSAse prathama hI samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki samyakzraddhAkA AcaraNa rUpameM abhyAsakA prArambha isI guNasthAnase hotA hai|' paMcama guNasthAnakI prAptike lie "apratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya" nAmaka cAra kaSAyoM para niyantraNa karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| ina kaSAyoMkA varNana cAritra mohanIya karmameM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| jIva ina kaSAyoMpara niyantraNa kiye binA AcaraNa karane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa karmake dUra hone para hI zrAvaka eka deza AcaraNa karane meM samartha hotA hai| sAdhaka sAdhanA patha para calate hue phisalatA to hai, parantu usameM sambhalanekI kSamatA bhI rahatI hai| isI kAraNa deza 1. 2. 3. dhavalA pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 13, pR0 173 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 4, pR0 134 dhavalA pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 13, pR0 173 sAgaramala, guNasthAna siddhAnta eka adhyayana, pR010 vaizAlI iMsTIcyUTa, risarca buleTina naM03 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 13, pR0 174 jaina ethiksa, pR0 215 6. ___ 2010_03

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207 karma mukti ke vividha sopAna-guNasthAna vyavasthA saMyata jIva samaya-samaya para saMkliSTa aura vizuddha hotA rahatA hai| labdhisArameM bhI kahA gayA hai "desosamaye samaye sujjhato saMkilissamANo ya" isa guNasthAnakI viziSTatA darzAte hue vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM yaha kahA gayA hai"sijjhai taiyammi bhave paMcamae kovi sattamaTThamae"2 zrAvakoMke AcaraNako pAlana karane vAlA saMyatAsaMyata kSAyika samyagdRSTi jIva, tIsare bhavameM yA deva aura manuSyoMke sukha bhogakara pAMcaveM, sAtaveM yA AThaveM bhavameM siddha padako prApta kara letA hai / jaina mAnya isa guNasthAna kI tulanAgItAke aise yogIse kI jA sakatI hai jo siddhi ke lie prayatnazIla hai, vaha siddhiko avazya prApta kara letA hai, cAhe aneka janmoMmeM hI prApta kyoM na ho| isa guNasthAna se Age pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha, mAna, mAyA, aura lobhakA bandha nahIM hotA aura tiryaMcagati, tithaMca Ayu, udyota, nIcagotra aura pratyAkhyAna catuSka karma prakRtiyoMkI udaya aura udIraNA bhI nahIM hotii|' 6. pramattasaMyataguNasthAna pramattasaMyata jIvakA vyutpatyartha karate hue vIrasenasvAmIne kahA hai- "prakarSaNa mattA: pramattA:, saM samyak yatA: viratA: saMyatA: pramattAzcate saMyatAzca pramattasaMyatA" prakarSase matta pramAdI jIvako pramatta kahate haiM aura samyak prakArase virata arthAt saMyamI jIvako saMyata kahate haiN| isa prakAra pramatta hote hue bhI jo jIva saMyamako prApta haiM unheM pramattasaMyata kahate haiM, ye SaSThaguNasthAnavartI kahe jAte haiN| ___ isa guNasthAnameM Akara jIvakA saMyama eka deza nahIM rahatA apitu vaha pUrNa saMyamako dhAraNa kara letA hai / hiMsA, jhUTha, caurI, kuzIla aura parigraha Adi anaitika AcaraNakA AMzika tyAga yahA~ pUrNa tyAgameM parivartita ho jAtA hai| dayAnanda bhArgavane bhI niSkarSa rUpameM kahA hai ki vaha na kevala hAni rahita jIvoMkI hiMsAse virata hotA hai apitu hAnikAraka jIvoM kI hiMsAse bhI virata ho jAtA hai| 1. labdhisAra, gAthA 176 2. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, gAthA 539 gItA, adhyAya 6,zloka 15 (ka) galaisanaipa DaoNkTarAina oNpha karma ina jaina philaoNsaphI,pR082 (kha) jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR0 390 5. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 14, pR0 175 6. jaina ethiksa, pR0215 - - 2010_03

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208 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana isI prakAra samasta anaitikatAkA pUrNa rUpeNa tyAga kara detA hai| isaguNasthAnavI jIvake anantAnubandhI catuSka, pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa catuSka aura apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa catuSka ye bAraha cAritramohake kaSAya upazamita ho cuke hote haiM, parantu saMjvalana nAmaka manda kaSAya aura hAsyAdi nava kiMcitakaSAya' udayameM hote haiN| ina kaSAyako hI pramAda kahA jAtA hai| nemicandrAcAryane kahA hai saMjalaNaNokasAyANudayAdo saMjamo have jmhaa| malajaNaNapamAdo viya tamhA hu pamatta virado so| arthAta saMjvalana Adi manda kaSAyoMse saMyamakA ghAta nahIM hotA, parantu saMyamameM pramAda janita doSa A jAtA hai jisake kAraNa kabhI kabhI jIva AcaraNase skhalita ho jAtA hai| isIlie pramattasaMyamI jIva ko citrala AcaraNa vAlA bhI kahA jAtA hai| jIvake saMyamako kaluSita karane vAlA pramAda pandraha prakArakA hotA hai, jisakA varNana pahale bandhake kAraNoM meM kiyA gayA hai| isa guNasthAnameM jIvakA kAla nirdhAraNa karate hue DaoN0 glaoNsanaipane kahA hai ki isakA alpatama kAla eka samaya hai aura adhikatama kAla eka muhUrta hai| isa samayake pazcAt yadi vaha pramAdako vijaya kara letA hai to apramatta hokara agrima sopAnameM calA jAtA hai anyathA puna: paMcama guNasthAna meM A jAtA hai| isa guNasthAnakI tulanA zrotApanna avasthAse kI jA sakatI hai jahAM kAmadhAtu arthAt tIvra vAsanAyeM samApta ho jAtI hai, parantu rUpadhAtu (manda rAga, moha, dveSa) zeSa raha jAtI hai|6 - isa guNasthAnase Age karmakI asAtA, azubha, ayaza:kIrti, asthira, arati aura zoka " ina prakRtiyoMkA bandha nahIM hotaa| 7. apramattasaMyata guNasthAna apramattasaMyata guNasthAna vikAsakI saptama zreNI hai| isa zreNI meM Akara jIvameM 2. pUrvanirdiSTa-adhyAya 5, cAritra mohanIya karma gommaTasAra jIvakANDa,gAthA 33 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 33 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 34 DaoNkTarAina oNpha karma ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR082 sAgara mala, guNasthAna siddhAnta eka adhyayana, pR0 100 uddhRta vaizAlI iMsTIcyUTa, risarca, buleTina na03 (ka) jainendra siddhAntakoza, bhAga,3, pR098 (kha) galaisanaipa DaoNkTarAina oNphakarmaina jaina philosaphI, pR083 7. 2010_03

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209 karma mukti ke vividha sopAna-guNasthAna vyavasthA pramAda janita koMkA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| vIrasena svAmI ne isa guNasthAnakA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai- "pramattasaMyatA: pUrvokta lakSaNA:", na pramattasaMyatA apramatta saMyatA: "paMcadazapramAda rahita saMyatA iti yAvat" pramattasaMyata jIvakA nirdeza pahale kiyA jA cukA hai, pandraha pramAdoMse rahita jIva apramatta saMyata kahalAtA hai| saMjvalanAdi kaSAyoM ke tIvra udayase jIva pramatta kahalAtA hai, arthAt vaha apane lakSyake prati pUrNa sAvadhAna nahIM raha pAtA / kaSAyoMkI mandatA ho jAne para pramAdajanita doSa samApta ho jAte haiM aura jIva apramatta saMyata ho jAtA hai| AcArya nemicandra ne jIvakANDa meM apramatta saMyata jIvakI ukta vizeSatAoMko nimna gAthAmeM kahA hai saMjalaNaNokasAyANudayo maMdo jadA tadA hodi| apamatta guNo teNa ya apamatto saMjado hodi||2 apramattasaMyata jIvake ArohaNa aura avarohaNa ke kramako darzAte hue vIrasena svAmIne kahA hai tassa saMkilesa visohIhi saha pamattApuvvaguNamottUNa guNaMtaragamaNabhAvA / madassa vi asaMjadasammAdiThivadiritta gunnNtrgmnnaabhaav| arthAt apramattasaMyata jIvameM kisI kAraNavaza saMkaleza pariNAmakI vRddhi ho jAye to vaha pramattaguNasthAnameM AtA hai yadi vizuddha pariNAmoM kI vRddhi ho jAye to vaha agrima apUrvakaraNa guNasthAnameM calA jAtA hai parantu mRtyuke samaya caturtha avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAnameM A jAtA hai| labdhisArameM bhI yahI vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| apramatta saMyata avasthA meM jIva nidrA-nidrA, pracalA-pracalA aura stayAnagRddhi ina tIna prakArakI tIvra nidrAoMpara vijaya pA letA hai| apramatta saMyata guNasthAnameM jIva manda kaSAyoMse saMgharSa karatA rahatA hai / dayAnanda bhArgavane isa avasthA kI tulanA lakar3Ike aise Tukar3e se kI hai, jo laharoM ke utAra car3hAva se MM SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 15, pR0 178 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 45 SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 4, bhAga 1, sUtra 9, pR0 343 labdhisAra,gAthA 345. pUrvanirdiSTa adhyAya 5, darzanAvaraNIya karma 2010_03

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210 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana Upara nIce hotA rahatA hai / ' DaoN0 glaoNsanaipake anusAra isa guNasthAnameM jIva antarmuhurtase adhika samaya taka nahIM raha sakatA aura isa guNasthAnase Aga devAyukA bandha bhI nahIM hotaa| do zreNiyA~ saptama guNasthAnase Age jIva do rUpoMmeM karmoMpara vijaya karatA hai / jise jaina pAribhASika zabdoM meM zreNI kahA jAtA hai| prathama upazama zreNI aura dUsarI kSapaka zreNI / rAjavArtikakAra akalaMkabhaTTake zabdoMmeM "ita Urdhva guNasthAnAnAM caturNA dve zreNyau bhavata: upazamakazreNI kSapaka zreNI ceti / ka. upazama zreNI upazamaka zreNI meM mohanIya karmakA samUla nAza nahIM kiyA jAtA apitu sAdhaka karmoM ko damita karatA huA arthAt dabAtA huA Age bar3hatA hai "yatra mohanIrya karmopazamayannAtmA Arohati sopazamaka shrennii| isa avasthA meM eka prakArase zatru senAkA avarodha karate hue pragatikI jAtI hai| isI kAraNa yaha vijaya yAtrA vijetAke lie ahitakara hotI hai, kyoMki avaruddha kI gaI karmazakti kabhI bhI samaya pAkara puna: usapara AkramaNa kara sakatI hai| isakI upamA aise pAnIse dI jA sakatI hai, jisakI gandagIko phiTakarI Adi ke dvArA nIce talameM biThA diyA jAtA hai aura kucha samayake lie pAnI bilkula svaccha ho jAtA hai / isa alpakAlika vizuddhike kAraNa hI upazamazreNI vAlA jIva apane karmonmUlanake kramako samApta kara antima sopAna taka nahIM jA sakatA / gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka jAkara puna: karmoM ke pragaTa ho jAne se jIva nIce gira jAtA hai / vIrasena svAmIke mata meM "ovasamiyaM cArittaM Na mokkhakAraNaM, aMtomuttakAlAdo uvari NicchaeNa mohodayaNibaMdhaNattAdo"" aupazamika cAritra mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki antarmuhUrta kAlake pazcAt nizcayase cAritra moha kA udaya ho jAtA hai| 1. jaina ethiksa, pR0 216 / 2. . (ka) galaisanaipa DaoNkTarAina oNpha karma ina jaina philAsaphI pR0 83, 84 (kha) jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR0 98 tattvArtharAjavArtikAlaMkAra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 1, vArtika 18, pR0 590 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 6, bhAga 1, sUtra 14, pR0 317 M vahI ___ 2010_03

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211 karma mukti ke vividha sopAna-guNasthAna vyavasthA kha. kSapaka zreNI kSapaka zreNIkI paribhASA karate hue rAjavArtikakArane kahA hai. "yatra tat (mohanIya) kSayamupagamayan (AtmA) udgacchati sA kSapaka zreNI" arthAt jaba AtmA cAritra mohanIya karmako samUla naSTa karatA huA Age bar3hatA hai taba use kSapaka zreNI vAlA kahA jAtA hai| isameM karmazatruoMko avaruddha nahIM kiyA jAtA athavA dabAyA nahIM jAtA apitu vidhvaMsa kara diyA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa ve puna: jAgRta hone meM samartha nahIM hote| kSapaka zreNI dvArA avarohaNa karane vAlA AtmA, vikAsa karatA huA samasta karmoM kA nAza karake antima siddhiko prApta kara letA hai| eka AtmA, eka jIvanameM donoM zreNiyoMmeM se eka zreNIse hI car3ha sakatA hai| 8. apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna aSTama guNasthAnameM Akara jIva uparokta nirdiSTa upazama yA kSapaka zreNiyoM meM se kisI eka zreNIko apanAtA hai| yaha AtmAkI eka viziSTa avasthA hai, jisameM karmAvaraNa atyadhika jhIne ho jAte haiM / karmAvaraNake manda ho jAnese jIvako asIma Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai, jo isase pUrva kabhI nahIM huI thii| isa apUrva Anandake kAraNa hI isa guNasthAnako apUrvakaraNa kahA jAtA hai / vIrasena svAmI ne kahA hai "karaNA: pariNAmA: na pUrvA: apUrvA: / yadyapi prathama guNasthAnameM darzana mohakI granthi bhedake samaya hone vAle pariNAmoM ko bhI apUrva kahA jAtA hai, parantu yahA~ cAritra mohake AvaraNabhI dUra ho jAte haiM, isa kAraNa isa guNasthAnameM mAtra manda kaSAya (saMjvalana) hI zeSa rahate haiN| anya kaSAyoM ko upazamazreNI vAlA jIva upazamita kara detA hai aura kSapaka zreNI vAlA jIva kSaya kara detA hai| cAritra mohake AvaraNake atyanta manda ho jAnese AtmAmeM eka viziSTa prakArakI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai / usa zaktike phalasvarUpa pUrvabaddhakoM kI sthiti (kAla) aura anubhAga (tIvratA) bahuta adhika mAtrA meM kama ho jAtA hai| azubha phala dene vAle karmoM kA phala atimanda ho jAtA hai aura samayase pUrva hI karmoM ke phalako bhoga liyA jAtA hai| ise jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalImeM sthitighAta, 1. tattvArtharAjavArtikAlaMkAra, adhyAya 9, sUtra 1, vArtika 18, pR0 590 2. galaisanaipa DaoNkTarAina oNpha karma ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR073 3. SakhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 16, pR0 180 2010_03

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212 jaina darzana meM karma-siddhAnta-eka adhyayana anubhAgaghAta, guNasaMkramaNa aura guNa zreNI kahA jAtA hai, inakA nirdezana trividha karaNameM kiyA gayA hai| isa guNasthAnameM jIva kamase kama eka samaya aura adhikase adhika antarmuhUrta taka rahatA hai / kSapaka zreNI vAlA jIva antarmuhUrta taka hI rahatA isa guNasthAnakI tulanA bauddhamAnya sakRdAgAmI bhUmise kI jA sakatI hai, jahA~ sAdhaka moha, rAga, dveSako samApta prAya: kara detA hai aura anAgAmI bhUmikI ora agrasara hotA hai| hAsya, rati, bhaya aura jugupsA nAmaka kiMcit kaSAyoMkA aura nidrA, pracalA nAmaka manda darzanAvaraNa kA tathA anya aneka karmoM kA bandha isa guNasthAnase Age nahIM hotaa| 9. anivRttikaraNa bAdarasAmparAya guNasthAna vIrasena svAmIne navama guNasthAnakA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai- "nivRtti: vyAvRttiH, na vidyate nivRttiryeSAM te anivRttayaH / sAmparAyA: kaSAyA: bAdarA: sthUlA: bAdarAzca te sAmparAyAzca anivRttibAdarasAmparAyA: / 5 arthAt jina pariNAmoMkI nivRtti nahIM hotI, unheM anivRtti aura sthUla kaSAyoMko bAdara sAmparAya kahate haiM / isa prakAra anivRttirUpa sthUla kaSAyoMko anivRttibAdara sAmparAya kahate haiM / isa guNasthAnavI jIva, saMjvalana nAmaka manda kaSAyoMkA sthUla rUpa se upazamana yA kSaya karate haiM, isIlie ise bAdara sAmparAya kahA gayA hai| gommaTasAra jIvakANDameM kahA gayA hai hoMti aNiyaTiNote paDisamayaM jassi ekkprinnaamaa| vimalayarajhANahutavahasihA hi nnidddd'ddh-kmmvnnaa|| eka samayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM vizaddhikI apekSA kisI prakArakA bheda nahIM hotA, aise anivRttikaraNa pariNAma vAle jIva, vimalatara dhyAna rUpI agnikI zikhAoMse karmarUpI vanako dagdha kara dete haiN| unakI dhyAnarUpI agni meM tInoM prakArake veda (puruSa, strI, napuMsaka) aura krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA sthUla lobhakA pUrNa rUpeNa kSaya athavA upazamana ho jAtA hai / arthAt isa guNasthAnase Age sUkSmalobhako chor3akara veda aura saMjvalanakI cAroM kaSAyoMkA bandha nahIM hotaa|" 1. pUrvAnirdiSTa, karaNalabdhi, trividhakaraNa 2. jaina ethiksa, pR0 216 sAgaramala, guNasthAna siddhAntaeka adhyayana pR0 100 vaizAlI iMsTIcyUTa risarca buleTina,naM03 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR0 98 dhavalA pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 17, pR0 183 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 57 7. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR099 sh m m m m 2010_03

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karma mukti ke vividha sopAna-guNasthAna vyavasthA 213 isa guNasthAnakI tulanA bauddhamAnya sudurjayA bhUmise kI jA sakatI hai jo atikaThinatAse prApta hotI hai| 10. sUkmasAmparAyaguNasthAna rAjavArtikakArane sUkSmasAmparAyakA vyutpatti artha karate hue kahA hai "sAmparAya: kaSAya: yatra sUkSma bhAvenopazAnti kSayaM ca Apadyate tau sUkSmasAmparAyau veditavyau / arthAt sAmparAya kaSAyoMkA sUkSma rUpase bhI upazama yA kSaya karane bAlA, sUkSmasAmprAya upazamaka yA kSapaka kahalAtA hai| isa guNasthAnakI prApti cAritramohakI aThAIsa karma prakRtiyoM meM se sattAIsa karmaprakRtiyoMke kSaya athavA upazamase hotI hai| eka mAtra sUkSmarUpase saMjvalana lobha zeSa raha jAtA hai| DaoN0 nathamala TaoNTiyA ne vikAsake isa ucca sopAnapara rahane vAle sUkSma lobhakI vyAkhyA, avacetana rUpameM zarIra ke prati rahane vAle rAgake arthameM kI hai| yaha rAga kusumalI raMgake samAna atyanta kama lAlimA vAlA hotA hai| isa guNasthAnameM jIva kamase kama eka samaya aura adhika se adhika antarmuharta taka rahatA hai| isa guNasthAnase Age pA~cajJAnAvaraNa, cAra darzanAvaraNa, pAMca antarAya, yaza:kIrti aura uccagotra ina solaha karmaprakRtiyoM kA bandha nahIM hotA / isa guNasthAna taka vedanIya karmakI sAtA prakRtiko chor3akara zeSa sabhI kI bandha vyucchitti ho jAtI hai|' 11. upazAntakaSAya vItarAga chastha gumaNasthAna gyAharaveM guNasthAnakA lakSaNa karate hue dhavalAmeM kahA gayA hai upazAnta kaSAyo yeSAM te upazAnta kaSAyA: / vIto vinaSTo rAgo yeSAM te viitraagaa:| chadRmajJAnadRgAvaraNe tatra tiSThantIti chadmasthA: / vItarAgazca te chadmasthA: viitraagchdmsthaaH| etena sarAgachadmasthasya nirAkRtiravagantavyAH / upazAntakaSAyazca te vItarAgachadmasthAzca upazAntakaSAyavItarAga chadmasthA: / 5 . 1. rAjavArtika adhyAya 9, sUtra 1, pR0590 TaoNTiyA nathamala, sTaDIja ina jaina philaoNsaphI, pR0 278 paMcasaMgraha, prAkRta, adhikAra 1, zloka 22 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR099 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 19, pR0 188 5. 2010_03

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jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta - eka adhyayana arthAt jina jIvoMkI kaSAya upazAnta ho gayI haiM aura rAga vinaSTa ho gayA hai, parantu jJAnAvaraNIya tathA darzanAvaraNIya karmoM ke sUkSma AvaraNase jo AvRta haiM, ve jIva "upazAntakaSAya vItarAgachadmastha" kahe jAte haiM / vItarAga vizeSaNase dazamaguNasthAna takake sarAga chadmasthoMkA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / 214 upazAntakaSAya guNasthAnameM kevala upazama zreNI vAlA jIva hI ArohaNa karatA hai, jaisA ki isake nAmase hI spaSTa hai| isa guNasthAna meM jIva adhika se adhika antarmuhUrta taka rahatA hai| isake pazcAt kaSAyake jAgRta ho jAne se puna: nIce gira jAtA hai, patanake bAda punaH kSAyika zreNI dvArA vikAsakI ora unmukha hotA hai aura muktiko prApta karatA hai / 12. kSINakaSAya vItarAga chadmasya guNasthAna- kSapaka zreNI vAle jIva gyAharaveM guNasthAna meM na jAkara dasaveMse bArahaveM guNasthAna meM Ate haiM / isa guNasthAnakA lakSaNa karate hue dhavalAmeM kahA gayA hai I " kSINaH kaSAyo yeSAM te kSINakaSAyAH / " kSINakaSAyAzca te vItarAgAzca kSINakaSAyavItarAgA: chadmani AvaraNe tiSThantIti chadmasthA: / kSINakaSAyavItarAgAzca te chadmasthAzca kSINakaSAya vItarAga chadmasthA: " / arthAt jina jIvoM kI kaSAya kSINa ho gayI hai, vItarAgI haiM parantu jJAna aura darzanake AvaraNa meM rahate haiM, unheM kSINakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha kahate haiM / sabase prabala mAnA jAne vAlA mohanIya karmakA AvaraNa isa guNasthAna meM pUrNatayA naSTa ho jAtA hai / parantu jJAna aura darzanake kiMcit mAtra AvaraNa zeSa raha jAte haiM / jIvake guNoM kA ghAta karane vAle cAra ghAtiyA karmoMkA udaya isa guNasthAnase Age nahIM hotaa| isa sopAna para A jAne para puna: patanakA koI bhaya nahIM rahatA / yaha cAritrakI uccatama avasthA hai / 13. sayoga kevalI guNasthAna - jaina darzanake anusAra vyakti apane karmoMkA vinAza karake svayaM paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| usa paramAtmAkI do avasthAyeM hotI haiM - eka zarIra sahita jIvanamukta avasthA aura dUsarI zarIra rahita deha mukta avasthA / prathama zarIra sahita jIvanamukta avasthA hI sayoga kevalI guNasthAna kahalAtA hai| isa avasthAmeM jIva yadyapi paramAtma saMjJAko prApta kara lete haiM, parantu phira bhI ve tInoM yogoM sahita hote haiM, isIlie unheM sayogI kahate haiM aura 1. 2. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 20, pR0 189 SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 23, pR0 191 2010_03

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pasattha prazasta paha pAuggaladdhi prabhu prAyogyalabdhiM pANA prANa vikalpa viyukta vipramukta vikalendriya viparIta viSaya vizaddhilabdhi prAbhRta (III) vipaypa vijujja vippamukko viyaliMdI vivarIya visayaM visohIladdhi vihINa veyaNIya vegumviya saMkamaNa saMkilesa pAhur3a puggala pur3havi puvAyu poggalapiMDo poggalavivAI phAsa baMdhapayar3I bahirappA bAyara baiiMdiya vihIna saMThANa bhaNa pudgala pRthvI pUrvAyu pudgalapiNDa pudgalavipAkI sparza bandhaprakRti bahirAtmA bAdara dvIndriya katha bhAvamokSa bhoktA mithyAtva mokSapatha rAzi lokAkAza lokAkAza vargaNA vartanalakSaNa: vanaspati vrata saMsArattha sattapayar3I satti sattha saddahaNa sappI bhAvamukkha bhottA vedanIya vaikriyika saMkramaNa saMkleza saMsthAna saMsArastha satvaprakRti zakti zastra zraddhAna sarpi samanaska sarvagata sarvaghAti zAzvata sAmAnya sutIkSNa zrutajJAnAvaraNIra sukhapratibAdhA sUkSma samaNA savvagaa savvaghAi micchatta mokkhamaha rAsI logAgAsa loyAyAsa caggaNA vaTThaNalakkho vaNaphadI sassada sAmaNNA sutikkhaNa sudaNANAvaraNIya suhapar3ibohA suhuma vada vigdhaM vidhna 2010_03

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pariziSTa-2 sandarbha-granthAnukramaNikA mUla saMskRta tathA prAkRta granyaaSTAdhyAyI AcArya pANini Atmabodha AcArya zaMkara, oriyanTala buka ejensI pUnA, 1952 AtmopaniSad eka sau ATha upaniSad, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, 1968 AptaparIkSA AcArya vidyAnandi, vIrasevA maMdira sarasAvA, saMvat 2006 AlApa paddhati AcArya devasena, sanmatisumana mAlA caurAsI, anuvAdaka tathA TIkAkAra paMDita dIpacanda varNI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2459 uttarAdhyayana sUtra gur3agAMva, 1954 ekIbhAva stotra AcArya zrIvAdirAja, humbuja zramaNa siddhAnta pAThAvali, jayapura, 1982 kaThopaniSad IzAdinoupaniSad, gItApresa gorakhapura, vi0saM0 2010 karmagrantha zrImaddevendra sUri AcArya, jaina pustaka pracAraka maMDala, AgarA, 1939 karmaprakRti zrI nemicandrAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, san 1944 kaSAya pAhur3a zrI guNadharAcArya digambara jaina saMgha, mathurA caurAsI vikrama saM0 2000 kArtikeyAnuprekSA svAmI kArtikeya kumAra viracita, rAjacandra granthamAlA, I0 1960 kurala kAvya zrI kundakundAcArya, paM0 govindarAja jaina zAstrI, vIra nirvANa saM0 2480 kSapaNasAra zrI nemicandrAcArya, paramazrutaprabhAvaka maMDala agAsa, 1980 gommaTasAra karmakANDa zrI nemiMcandrAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1980 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa zrI nemicandrAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1978 2010_03

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cAritra pAhuDa cAritrasAra jJAnArNava chAndogyopaniSad jambudvIpa pa jaina darzanasAra jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 1, 2, 3, 4 jJAnabindu prakaraNa tattvabodha tattvArtha sUtra tarka bhASA tilopaNati dravya saMgraha niyamasAra naiSkarmya siddhi nyAya vinizcaya nyAya sUtra nyAyasUtra paMca saMgraha prAkRta paMca saMgraha saMskRta paMcAdhyAyI 2010_03 (V) zrI kundakundAcArya, mANikacandra granthamAlA, baMbaI, vi0saM0 1977 zrI cAmuNDarAya, mahAvIra jI, vIra nirvANa saM0 2488 zrI zubhacandrAcArya, rAjacandra granthamAlA, IsavI 1907 gItA presa gorakhapura, vi0saM0 2013 AcArya padmanandi, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaNa saMgha, solApura vi0saM0 2014 paM0 caina sukhadAsa, saddbodha granthamAlA, jayapura, 1950 zrI jinendra varNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha I0 1970, 71 72, 73 yazovijaya upAdhyAya, siMghaIjaina jJAnapIThavi0 saM0 1998 zrI zaMkarAcArya, sTIma presa, bambaI, saMvat 1988 zrI umA svAmI, jabalapura, 1979 zrI kezava mizra, sAhitya bhaMDAra, meraTha, 1976 AcArya yativRSabha, jIvarAja granthamAlA, solApura vi0saM0 1999 zrI nemicandrAcArya, dehalI, I0 1953 zrI kundakundAcArya, jaina grantha ratnAkAra, baMbaI 1916 zrI surezvarAcArya, pUnA, 1925 AcArya akalaMka bhaTTa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, banArasa gautama, pUnA, 1939 vAtsyAyana bhASya, banArasa, 1920 AcArya amitagati; bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, I0 1960 AcArya amitagati; bhAratIya jJAna pITha, kAzI, 1960 rAjamala paM0 devakInandana, mahAvIra Azrama, kAraMjA, 1932

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(VI) paMcAstikAya padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA paramAtma prakAza puruSArtha siddhayupAya pravacanasAra bArasa aNuvekkhA bhagavadgItA bhagavatI ArAdhanA manu smRti mahApurANa muNDakopaniSad zrI kundakundAcArya; parama zruta prabhAvaka maMDala baMbaI vi0saM0 1972 AcArya padmanandi; jIvarAja granthamAlA, I01932 AcArya yogendu deva; rAjacandra granthamAlA, vi0saM0 2019 AcArya amRtacanda, rohataka, san 1933 zrIkundakundAcArya; paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa 1984 kundakundAcArya, rohataka, vI0ni0saM0 2479 gItA presa gorakhapura, vi0saM0 2028 AcArya zivakoTi; sakhArAma dozI, solApura I0 1935 AcArya manu, baMbaI 1894 AcArya jinasena; bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, I0 1951 IzAdinau upaniSada, gItA presa gorakhapura, vi0saM0 2010 AcArya kundakunda, anantakIrti granthamAlA, vi0saM0 1976 maharSi pataMjali, gItApresa gorakhapura, vi0saM02013 zrI samantabhadrAcArya; humbuja zramaNa siddhAnta pAThAvali, jayapura, 1982 zrIakalaMkabhaTTAcArya;bhAratIyajJAnapITha, vi0saM02008 AcArya nemicandra-siddhAntacakravartI, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, 1980 AcArya vasunandi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, vi0saM0 2007 zrI nemicandrAcArya-brahmadeva TIkA, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, san 1979 guru zrI caturvijaya; puNya vijaya, bhAvanagara, 1933 mUlAcAra yogasUtra ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra rAjavArtika labdhisAra vasunandi zrAvakAcAra vRhad dravyasaMgraha vRhat kalpabhASya 2010_03

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vedAntasAra vaizeSika sUtra zvetAzvatara upaniSad pravacanasAra zrAvaka prajJapti SadakhaNDAgama SaDdarzana sammucaya saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI samaNasuttaM samayasAra (VII) sadAnanda yogI, loka bhAratI prakAzana, ilAhabAda 1968 prazastapAda bhASya, banArasa 1923 IzAdino upaniSad, gItA presa gorakhapura, vi0saM0 2010 umAsvAti, bambaI vi0saM0 1961 AcArya puSpadanta va bhUtabali, dhavalA TIkA sahita amarAvatI, 1939 AcArya haribhadra sUri; bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1981 zrI vimaladAsa, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala. vi0saM01972 sarvasevAsaMgha, vArANasI, 1975 zrI kundakundAcArya, ahiMsA maMdira prakAzana ,dehalI, 1958 zrI pUjyapAdasvAmI, vIrasevA maMdira, nirvANa saM0 2021 mAdhavAcArya, pUnA, 1951 AcArya pUjyapAda, bhAratIya jJAnapITha I0 1955 zrI IzvarakRSNa, DaoN0 brajamohana caturvedI, anurAdhA vyAkhyA, dillI 1976 vAcaspati mizra, pUnA 1934 AcArya akalaMka bhaTTa; bhAratIya jJAnapITha I01951 AtmArAma, jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA,vi0saM0 2032 AcArya malliSeNa; paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, baMbaI vi0saM. 1991 AcArya samantabhadra; vIra sevA maMdira, sarasAvA I0 1951 samAdhizataka sarvadarzana saMgraha sarvArthasiddhi sAMkhyakArikA sAMkhya tattva kaumudI siddhi vinizcaya sthAnAMga sUtra syAdvAda maMjarI svayambhUstotra hindI granyaAtmA rAma jaina tattvakalikA, Atma jJAnapITha, mAnasa maNDI, paMjAba, 1982 2010_03

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(VIII) kRSNasvAmInAthan ramaNa maharSi, naizanala kuka TrasTa iNDiyA, 1977 kailAza canda zAstrI jaina dharma, digambara jaina saMgha mathurA, 1975 kailAza canda zAstrI dravyAnuyoga pravezikA, vIrasevA maMdira TrasTa, 1974 kailAza canda zAstrI karaNAnuyoga pravezikA; vIra sevA maMdira TrasTa, 1974 kailAza canda zAstrI caraNAnuyoga pravezikA; vIrasevA maMdira, TrasTa 1974 gopAlana esa. jaina darzana kI rUparekhA; vAilI IsTarna li0 1973 gopInAtha kavirAja vijijJAsA, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana dAsa gupta esa.ena. bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa bhAga 1, hindI grantha akAdamI, jayapura, 1978 mAlavaNiyA dalasukha Atma mImAMsA; jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala, banArasa, 1953 mehatA mohana lAla jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, 1968 ratanalAla Atma rahasya; sastA sAhitya maMDala, dillI1961 rAdhA kRSNan bhAratIya darzana; rAjapAla eNDa sansa, dillI, 1973 varNI jinendra karma rahasya; jinendra varNI granthamAlA, pAnIpata, 1981 varNI jinendra karma siddhAnta; jinendra varNI granthamAlA, pAnIpata, 1982 varNI jinendra naya darpaNa, jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, indaura, san 1965 varNI jinendra padArtha vijJAna; jinendravarNI granthamAlA, pAnIpata, 1982 varNI jinendra zAntipatha pradarzana; jinendra varNI granthamAlA, pAnIpata, 1982 varaiyA gopAla dAsa jaina siddhAnta pravezikA; zAntivIra nagara, mahAvIra jI, 1962 saMghavI sukhalAla tattvArthasUtra vivecana, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1976 sinhA harendra bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA; motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1980 hiriyaNNA ema. bhAratIyadarzana kI rUparekhA; rAjakamalaprakAzana, dillI 1980 2010_03

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(IX). aMgrejI pustakeM1. Bhargav Dayanand, Jain Ethics, Moti Lal Banarsidas, Delhi 1968%B Gandhi Vir Chand, R. The Karma Philosophy, Bombay, 1913. Glasonapp Helmuth, The Doctrine of Karman in Jaina Philosophy, Bombay, 1942. Jain khub Chand, A peep into Jainism, Delhi, 1973. K.K. Mittal, Materialism in Indian Thought, 1974, Munshi Ram Manohar Lal, Delhi. K.C. Sogani, Ethical Doctrines in Jainism, 1967, Jain Sanskrit Samarkshaka Sangh Sholapur. ___Stevenson, The Heart of Jainsim, 1970, MunsiRam, Manoharlal, delhi. 8. Tatia Nathmal, Studies in Jaina Philosophy, 1951, Jain Cultural Research Society, Banaras. 9. Shri Niwas. P.T. outlines of Indian Philosophy, 1909, Banaras. koza granya, patra va patrikAyeM- . 1. Hasting James, Encyclopaedia of Religian and Ethics, TET ...... London, Vol. II, VII, 1964. 2. Karl H. Potter, Encyclopaodia of Indian Philosophy Bibliography Motilal Banarsi Das, Vol. I. 1974. jinendravarNI, jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 1,2,3,4 bhAratIya jJAnapITha 1970,71,72, 73 vAmana zivarAma ASTe, saMskRta hindI koza; motIlAla banArasI dAsa 1973 ___ sampAdaka zrI navala jI, nAlandA vizAla zabda sAgara, naI sar3aka dehalI samvat 2007 vaizAlI iMsTIcyUTa risarca buleTina naM. 3, vaizAlI, bihAra, 1982 7. jaya guMjAra, gautama nirvANa aMka, akTUbara 1985, byAvara, rAjasthAna 8. jainamitra, 3 apraila 1986 , gAMdhI cauka, sUrata 9. purodhA, disambara 1978, aravinda sosAITI, poDIcerI 10. samyagjJAna, apraila 1983, digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura 11. samyagjJAna, janavarI 1985, digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura 12. samyagjJAna, janavarI, 1986 digambara jaina, triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura 13. samyagjJAna, apraila 1986, digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura 2010_03

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zrI jinendra varNI sAhitya zAnti patha pradarzana naya darpaNa samaNa suttam padArtha vijJAna karma rahasya karma siddhAnta satya darzana kundakunda darzana sarva dharma samabhAva prabhuvANI adhyAtma lekhamAlA jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta-eka adhyayana (karma bandhana aura mukti prakriyA kA vivecana) lekhikA : DaoN0 kumArI manoramA jaina Science Towards Monism Life the God Hood (By Sh. Jal Bhagwan Advocate) 50.00 30-00 21.00 10.00 16-00 12.00 15.00 4-00 1.00 2-00 10-00 48-00 13. 10.00 6.00 14. kAryAlaya: zrI jinendra varNI granyamAlA, 58/4 jaina sTrITa, pAnIpata 131103 noTa: zrI jinendravarNI granyamAlAse prakAzita uparokta pustakoM para 300 ru0 se adhika ke ArDara para 25% chUTa/paikiMga vaDAkakharca atirikt| jainendra siddhAnta koza (bhAga 1 se 4) bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18 insTITayUzanala paMcama bhAga presa meN| eriyA, lodhI roDa, dillI-3 varNI darzana zAnti niketana, IzarI upAsanA (pUjA) udAsIna Azrama, indaura mahAyAtrA 20/ sarvasevAsaMdha prakAzana, rAjadhATa, vArANasI jaina tIrtha kSetra mAnacitra pannAlAla jaina ArciTekTa, 4983, zivanagara, karola bAga, dillI zraddhAbindu aprakAzita 20. bhopAla meM die huye pravacanoM ke kaiseTa bhI upalabdha hai| 2010_03

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zrI jinendra varNI sAhitya zAnti patha pradarzana naya darpaNa samaNa suttam padArtha vijJAna karma rahasya karma siddhAnta satya darzana kunta kunda darzana sarvadharma samabhAva prabhuvANI adhyAtma lekhamAlA jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta-eka adhyayana (karma bandhana aura mukti prakriyA kA vivecana) lekhikA : DaoN0 kumArI manoramA jaina Science Towards Monism Life the GodHood (By Sh. Jal Bhagwan Advocate) Bo-00 30-00 21-00 10.00 lagAma 16.00 12.00 "28-00 4-00 1-00 2-00 10-00 48-00 12. 13. 10-00 14. 6.6-00 kAryAlaya: zrI jinendra varNI granthamAlA, 58/4 jaina sTrITa, pAnIpata 131103 noTa: zrI jinendra varNI granthamAlA se prakAzita uparokta pustakoM para 500 ru0 se adhika ke ArDara para 25% chUTa/paikiMga va DAkakharca atirikt| 15. 17. jainendra siddhAnta koza (bhAga 1 se 4) bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18 insTITayUzanala paMcama bhAga praisa meN| eriyA, lodhI roDa, dillI-3 vaNI darzana zAntiniketana, IzarI-42 upAsanA (pUjAaiM) udAsIna Azrama, indaura mahAyAtrA 20/ sarvasevAsaMdha prakAzana, rAjadhATa, vArANasI jaina tIrtha kSetra mAnacitra pannA lAla jaina AciMTaikTa, 4983, zivanagara, karola bAga, dillI zraddhAbindu aprakAzita 18. 20. bhopAla meM die huye pravacanoM ke kaiseTa bhI upalabdha hai| SanEducationtinternational-2010-03