Adhyatma Vicharna

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghvi, Shantilal Manilal Shastracharya
Publisher: Gujarat Vidyasabha
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/023488/1

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adhyAtma vi cAra gA gujarAta vidyAsabhA: ahamadAbAda

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saMzodhana granthamAlA - pu . 55 adhyAtma vicAraNA [ tIna vyAkhyAna ] vyAkhyAtA paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI anuvAdaka zAMtilAla maNilAla zAstrAcArya, B. A. gujarAta vidhAsabhA : ahamadAbAda

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prakAzaka : pro. rasikalAla boTAnAma parIkha, mA. adhmaca-zeTha bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, bhadra, ahamadAbAda prAvRtti prathama 1250 I0 1658 vi0 2014 rupayA sola ejenTa jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala F/3, vArANasI 5 zrIzaGkara mudraNAlaya, hArthIgalI, vArANasI /

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nivedana svargIya seTha zrI popaTalAla hemacandake suputra zAha cimanalAla popaTalAlane apane pitAjIke saMsmaraNArtha 1646 meM gujarAta vidyAsabhAke zrI bho0 je0 vidyAbhavanako jina zartoMpara nidhi pradAna kI usameM mukhya zarta yaha thI ki 'Atma-paramAtmatattva ke viSayapara tajjJa vidvAnoM evaM vicArakoMdvArA zakya ho vahA~taka svabhASA gujarAtomeM athavA hindImeM athavA aMgrez2ImeM vyAkhyAna dilavAne / una vyAkhyAnoMmeM jainadRSTise Atma paramAtmatattvake viSayako isa vyAkhyAnamAlAke viSayoMmeM, eka mukhya viSayake taurapara sthAna denaa|' ___ isa uddezyako kAryAnvita karaneke lie 'zrI popaTalAla hemacanda adhyAtma-vyAkhyAnamAlA' kI yojanA socI gaI aura usakA prArambha suprasiddha tasvacintaka aura adhyAtmavAdI prA0 Ara0 DI0 rAnaDeke hAthoM tA. 6 agasta, 1947 ke dina huA / yahA~para tathA anyatra isI viSaya para die gaye unake vyAkhyAnoMkA saMgrahagrantha 'The Conception of Spiritual Life in Mahatma Gandhi and the Hindi Saints' tA0 2-10-1956 (gA~dhIjayantI ) ke dina prakAzita hunA hai| isake pazcAt gujarAtase bAharake dUsare vidvAn vyAkhyAtAoMko byAkhyAna dene ke lie nimaMtraNa bheje gaye, jinameM kalakattA vizvavidyAlayake saMskRta vibhAgake bhUtapUrva adhyakSa DaoN. sAtakor3I mukarjI bhI eka the| unhoMne vyAkhyAna denekA svIkAra bhI kiyA thA, kintu svAsthyakI pratikUlatAke kAraNa ve nahIM pA sake /

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aisI sthitimeM paMDita zrI sukhalAlajIko Atma-paramAtmatattva viSayapara vyAkhyAna denekI prArthanA kI gii| unhoMne hamArI prArthanA svIkAra kara hameM anugRhIta kiyA / paNDitajIne apane vyAkhyAna isa prakAra diye the ravivAra, tA0 9-10-1955 : prAtmavicAraNA somavAra, tA. 10-10-1955 : paramAtmA aura mokSa vicAraNA maMgalavAra, tA0 11-10. 1955 : adhyAtmasAdhanA ye vyAkhyAna gujarAta vidyAsabhAke tatkAlIna adhyakSa mAnanIya zrI gaNeza vAsudeva mAvalaMkarake sabhApatitvameM huye the| gata varSa ye vyAkhyAna 'adhyAtmavicAraNA' ke nAmase grantharUpase prakAzita kiye gaye the| ina vyAkhyAnoMkI viziSTatA paNDita jIke sarvasiddhAntasamanvayabuddhise kie gaye svataMtra nirUpaNameM nihita hai| kevala gujarAtake hI nahIM, bhAratabharake dArzanika vidvAnoMmeM paNDitajIkA sabahumAna sthAna hai| isase itara prAntoMke logoMkA bhI mana paNDitajIke vicAroM meM avagAhana karanekA satata rahatA hai| isa bAtako dhyAnameM rakhakara ina vyAkhyAnoMkA hindI anuvAda bhI prakAzita karanekA nirNaya kiyA gayA aura zrI zAMtilAla maNilAla B. A. dvArA hindI anuvAda karA kara isI 'zAha popaTalAla hemacanda adhyAtma-vyAkhyAnamAlA' ke aMka 3 tathA zrI bho0 je0 adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavanakI saMzodhana-pranthamAlAke 55 va puSpake rUpameM vaha prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai| tA0 1 disambara, 1957) rasikalAla choTAlAla parIkha po0 baoN0 naM0 23, bhadra, adhyakSa zrIbholAbhAI jeziMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana ahamadAbAda-1 ) vidyAbhavana, gujarAta vidyAsabhA

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prastAvanA tIna bhUmikAkA phala - 1 mere ye tIna vyAkhyAna, jo merI zravana, manana evaM nididhyAsanakI bhUmikAke phala jaise haiM, pustakarUpase prakAzita ho rahe haiN| maiMne jo-jo zravaNa kiyA use yukti yA nyAyase parakhanekA prayatna kiyA hai aura kucha gaharemeM utarakara svataMtra cintanakA bhI yatkiMcit prayAsa kiyA hai / isIlie maiMne apanI isa pustakako 'tIna bhUmikAkA phala' mAnA hai 1 parantu ye tIna bhUmikAe~ bhI merI zaktikI maryAdA meM hI AtI haiM / antima sAkSAtkAra kI bhUmikAko to maiM chUtaka nahIM pAyA, ataH ina vyAkhyAnoMmeM jo vicAra prastuta kie gaye haiM ve sAkSAtkArakI koTike nahIM haiN| ve cAhe jaise hoM, parantu maiM to unheM parokSa koTikA hI mAnatA hU~; aura antima anubhava kI kasauTopara kase na jAyeM tabataka unheM sAkSAtkArakA nAma bhI nahIM diyA jA sakatA / pAThaka isI dRSTise merI yaha pustaka par3heM aura usapara vicAra kareM / prastuta pustaka meM tIna vyAkhyAna haiM- pahalA zrAtmatatvaviSayaka, dUsarA paramAtmatattva viSayaka aura tIsarA sAdhanA-viSayaka | ina tInoM vyAkhyAnoMmeM maiMne usa-usa viSaya ke bAremeM vicArakA kramavikAsa dikhalAnekA tathA yathAsambhava dArzanika vicAroMkI tArkika saMgati biThAnekA prayatna kiyA hai| sAtha hI, bhinna-bhinna bhAratIya darzana kisa-kisa taraha bhinna pratIta honepara bhI antameM ekarUpa se ho jAte haiM yaha bhI tulanAdvArA dikhalAyA hai / jahA~ sambhava aura zakya thA vahA~ usa vaktavyako spaSTa karane, usake AdhAra dikhalAne aura usa bAremeM vizeSa jAnane ke icchukako sAmagrI prastuta karaneke lie pAdaTippaNa bhI diye haiM /

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( 4 ) jo bhAratIya darzanoMke maulika abhyAsI hoM, jinhoMne mUla TIkAke sAtha dArzanika granthoMkA abhyAsa kiyA ho ve to yadi chape hue kramase hI vyAkhyAna par3heMge to bhI unheM samajhane meM z2arA-sI bhI kaThinAI pratIta nahIM hogI, parantu tattvajijJAsu honepara bhI jo mUla granthoMke abhyAsI nahIM haiM unake vAcana evaM vicArake lie merI namra sUcanA hai ki sarvaprathama ve tIsarA sAdhanA viSayaka vyAkhyAna par3heM, bAdameM dUsarA paramAtma-viSayaka aura usake pazcAt pahalA zrAtmatattva-viSayaka / pahale vyAkhyAnameM maiMne jo Atmatattvake svarUpa-viSayaka kramavikAsakI upapatti dikhalAI hai vaha merI apanI adhyayana mananamUlaka vicArasaraNI hai| usase bhinna upapatti hone kA pUrA sambhava hai, phira bhI mere dvArA prastuta kI gaI upapatti usase adhika saMgata upapattikI khoja meM sahAyaka hogI to bhI maiM apane isa prayatnako saphala samajhU gA / jahA~ kramabaddha likhita itihAsa na ho vahA~ vicAroMkI saMgati ke lie tarka evaM anumAnake Upara AdhAra rakhanA par3atA hai / aisA honepara bhI maiMne, zakya thA vahA~ usa-usa anumAna yA tarkake upalabdha pramANoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| prathama vyAkhyAna una-una darzanoMkI bhinna-bhinna paribhASA, bhinnabhinna prakriyA aura bhinna-bhinna kalpanAoMkI tArkika saMgati khojane ke prayatnakI vajaha se vizeSa gahana yA kucha durUha sA ho gayA ho to vaha anivArya hai / gahana yA durgama bananeke bhaya se gaharA vicAra karanekA chor3a deM to kabhI bhI mUlagAmI cintana yA saMzodhana ho hI nahIM sakegA / caura aise bhI thor3e tattvacintaka va abhyAsI haiM jo sthUla evaM chichale vicAroMse santuSTa nahIM hote / ve kucha maulika cintanakI sarvadA apekSA rakhate haiM / isIse maiMne apanI maryAdAmeM usa dizA kI ora bhI thor3A-sA prayatna kiyA hai / zrI popaTalAla hemacanda vyAkhyAnamAlA ke tattvAvadhAna meM maiM bhI vyA

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jyAna hU~ aisI icchA mere nikaTake mitra aura zrI bholAbhAI jeziMgamAI vidyAbhavanake vidvAn adhyakSa zrI rasikabhAIne 1948 se pahale pradarzita kI thii| DaoN0 Ara0 DI0 rAnaDene ukta vyAkhyAnamAlAke udghATanake avasarapara sarvaprathama vyAkhyAna diye| ve vyAkhyAna abhI hAla hI meM prakAzita huye haiN| unake pazcAt maiM hI vyAkhyAna dUM aisI zrI rasikabhAIkI icchA thii| unakI icchAke anusAra maiM san 1948 se isa bAre meM kucha vAcana-cintana karatA rahA, para bhItara hI bhItara mere manameM eka saMskAra par3A thaa| vaha yaha ki merI jagaha gujarAtake bAharake kisI dUsare viziSTa vyaktikA nAma sUcita karU~ aura isa taraha zrI rasikabhAIkA mana manA lU~ / AkhirakAra kalakattA vizvavidyAlayake sara AzutoSa jJAnapIThake prAdhyApaka DaoN0 sAtakor3I mukarjIne yahA~ pAnA mAnya rkhaa| san 1953 aura 1954 donoM varSoM meM nizcita rUpase sUcita samayapara ve na pA sake taba sva. dAdA mAvalaMkara aura zrI rasikamAIne mere sirapara yaha seharA baaNdhaa| ___maiM san 1646 ke bAda eka tarahase nizcinta-sA thA ki ye vyAkhyAna aba mujhe nahIM dene par3eMge, para AkhirakAra 1955 meM maiM hI vyAkhyAna dUM aisA taya huaa| maiM tanika akulAyA to sahI, para merI mAnasika taiyArI to thI hI; ataH maiMne yathAzakti aura yathAsamaya vaha kAma nibttaayaa| isa samaya mujhe merA pahalekA likhA huA upayogI huaa| vaha thA mere prathama vyAkhyAnakA masaudA / maiMne 1648-49 ke daramiyAna kabhI prathama vyAkhyAnakA kharrA likhA liyA thaa| vaha thA to kaccA kharrA, para merI putrIkalpa zAradA paNDita bI0 e0, jo usa samaya mujhe aneka viSayoM kI kitAbeM sunAtI aura merA lekhanakArya karatI thI, ne apanI sUjhase hI mere usa azodhita lekhakI eka nakala taiyAra kara rakhI thii| vaha surakSita bhI rahI thI, ataH eka tarahase pahale vyAkhyAnakA kArya to mAno nibaTa. sA gayA thaa| san 1955 ke grISmameM yaha taya huA ki dillIse

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dAdAsAhabake Anepara mere tInoM vyAkhyAna hoN| isa nirNaya ke anusAra ve vyAkhyAna akTUbara meM die gaye, para dUsarA aura tIsarA vyAkhyAna likhAnekA kArya bAkI thaa| antataH vaha bhI 1155 ke disambarameM pUrA huaa| tInoM vyAkhyAnoM kI presakaoNpI to taiyAra huI, para pAdaTippaNa aura dUsare uddharaNoMkA kArya to avaziSTa thA hii| mere nikaTake mitra aura sahacArI tathA banArasa vizvavidyAlayameM jaina jJAnapIThake prAdhyApaka zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAke sahayogake binA vaha kAma pUrA karanA mere lie kucha adhika kaThina thA / vaha kArya bhI grISmAvakAzameM jaba vaha ahamadAbAda Aye taba pUrNa huaa| aba, jo rUpa taiyAra huA vaha pAThakoMke samakSa upasthita hai| .. gujarAta vidyAsabhAke svargIya adhyakSa mAnanIya dAdAsAhaba aura zrIbho0 je0 vidyAbhavanake bahuzruta saMcAlaka zrI rasikabhAI parIkha ina donoMkA maiM isa sthAnapara hArdika AbhAra mAnatA huuN| yadi unakA mere prati sahaja sadbhAva aura vyAkhyAna denekA zrAgraha na hotA to maiM zAyada hI isa zravaNa-manana-nididhyAsanakI bhUmikAmeMse gujarakara jo kucha alpa-svarUpa phalita huA hai vaha gujarAtI bhASAdvArA gujarAtake samakSa sarvaprathama rakha paataa| ina vyAkhyAnoM kI taiyArImeM mujhe aneka sahRdaya mitroMne aneka bhA~tikI suvidhAyeM pradAna kI haiN| una sabakA nAmanirdeza kie binA hI maiM AbhAra mAnatA huuN| hindI anuvAda zrI zAMtilAla maNilAla jaina B.A. (Hon.), jainadarzanAcArya ne kiyA hai / vaha aba hindI pAThakoMke samakSa rakhA jAtA hai -sukhalAla

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adhyAtma ki cAra gAA

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praveza jisa samaya adhikAMza logoMkA dhyAna vizeSakara jIvanasparzI aura tAtkAlika nirNayakI apekSA rakhanevAle Arthika, sAmAjika, rAjakIya, zArIrika aura aise hI dUsare viSayoM meM lagA ho, usa samaya sthUla jIvanake sAtha jisakA spaSTa sambandha na ho aura kalA, sAhitya evaM vijJAna jaise sUkSma viSayoMkI koTise bhI jo para mAnA jAtA ho tathA jijJAsuko bhI jisakI tatkAla yA kucha sarala rItise pratIti zakya na ho, aise AtmA-paramAtmA sarIkhe eka gUr3ha viSayakI carcA va vicAraNA logoMke sammukha upasthita karanA aura aisI vicAraNAkI ora logoMkA mana mor3anekA prayatna karanA kahA~taka ThIka hai ?-aisA prazna sahaja hI upasthita ho sakatA hai| isakA uttara diye binA AtmA-paramAtmAkI vicAraNAmeM Age bar3hanA mAno isa praznako eka tarahase TAlanA hai| pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki koI bhI vizeSa abhyAsI apanI khAsa pasandagIke viSayakA abhyAsa karate samaya usake mUlyAMkanakI kasauTI yadi yahI rakhe ki vaha viSaya logoMko acchA lage athavA jaldI samajhameM A jAya aisA honA cAhiye aura sAtha hI vaha aisA bhI honA cAhiye jo hamArI tAtkAlika AvazyakatAkI pUrti kara sake, to adhyayanake viSayoMmeM bahutase mahattvake viSayoMkA samAveza hI na ho sakegA; aura aisA ho to Ajataka mAnavajAtine cintana, manana evaM saMzodhanake pradezameM jo bahumUlya yogadAna diyA hai vaha hameM kadApi prApta na hotaa| mAnava-svabhAva

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4 zradhyAtmavicAraNA hI kucha aisA hai ki koI eka manuSya eka viSaya meM na to sarvadA rasa hI le sakatA hai aura na usameM lambe arase taka tallIna hI raha sakatA hai / eka hI samaya meM bhinna-bhinna svabhAva evaM bhinna bhinna yogyatAvAle abhyAsiyoMkI sAdhanA car3hate-utarate kramameM tathA sthUla, sUkSma va sUkSmatara kahI jA sake aise vividha viSayoM meM hamezA calatI AI hai / hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki jo Arthika va audyogika - jaise pravRttikSetroM meM galetaka DUbe rahate haiM ve bhI tanika ArAma aura zAntikI sA~sa leneke lie samaya-samayapara bhajanakIrtana, yAtrA yA santa-samAgama ke bahAne, na jAne kyoM, kisI gUr3ha zaktikI sahAyatA aura sahArA lenekA prayatna karate haiM / kAmadhandhese nipaTanepara, dina meM samaya na mile to rAta meM hI sahI, asaMkhya strI-puruSa apanI-apanI bhASA meM aura apane-apane viziSTa DhaMgase Izvara yA paramAtmAkI mahattA taMbUreke madhura svara ke sAtha AdhI rAta taka hI nahIM, para kaI bAra to rAtabhara gAte haiM aura usase anya prakAra se prApta na ho sake aisA eka taraha kA adbhuta santoSa prApta karate haiM / reDiyo, sinemA aura nATakakI vizrAma - bhUmivAle bar3e-bar3e zaharoMke idhara-udhara ke konoM va upanagaroM meM AtmA-paramAtmA cintanakI kucha jhalaka pradarzita karanevAle bhajanoMkI dhuna apar3ha aura sthUlajIvI samajhe jAnevAle logoMkA sanAtana AzvAsana rahI hai| hajAroM nagaroM aura lAkhoM gA~voM ke udyogI va parizramI jIvanako roja naI-naI tAjagI denevAle jo aneka sAdhana haiM unameM Izvara yA AtmA-paramAtmA ke bhajana evaM smaraNakA eka qhAsa sthAna hai / isase aisA mAna lenA bhrAnta hai ki dUsare jvalanta aura tatkAla dhyAna khIMcanevAle praznoMke sAmane rahate hue AtmA-paramAtmA-jaise gUr3ha viSayoMkI carcA aura vicAraNA aprAsaMgika tathA anAvazyaka hai /

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praveza manuSyako svabhAvase hI jijJAsA evaM use santuSTa karanekI puruSArthazakti itanI adhika aura aparimita mAtrAmeM milI hai ki usake sAmane jaba koI nayA viSaya upasthita hotA hai taba, cAhe vaha viSaya kitanA hI nayA, sUkSma athavA gUr3ha kyoM na ho, vaha apane jIvana aura sukha-suvidhAkI paravAha kiye binA usakI khoja va gahare adhyayanake pIche hAtha dhokara par3atA hai aura anta meM apanI satata evaM aDiga dhunadvArA sanAtana mUlyavAlA kucha nakucha nayA cintana athavA saMzodhana mAnavajAtiko de jAtA hai| manuSyajAtine abataka jo jJAna-thAtI surakSita rakhI hai vaha isa bAtakI gavAhI detI hai| . upalabdha prAcInatama sAhityika virAsatameM veda evaM avestAke kucha bhAgoMkA sthAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| unameM hameM AdhyAtmika jijJAsA aura zodhake sUcaka kaI gambhIra udgAra milate haiM / upaniSad, jaina Agama va bauddha piTakoMmeM to AdhyAtmika jijJAsAviSayaka vicAraNA hI mukhya rUpase dekhI jAtI hai / yadyapi upaniSadoM, AgamoM tathA piTakoM ke prAcIna bhAga, jinameM vividha prakArase AdhyAtmika jijJAsA va vicAraNA huI hai, veda aura avestAke prAcIna bhAgoMkI apekSA arvAcIna samajhe jAte haiM, phira bhI aisA samajha lenA bhrAnta hI hogA ki ina upaniSadoM, AgamoM va piTakoM meM jo AdhyAtmika cintana hai vaha una-una granthoMke jitanA hI prAcIna hai / saca bAta to yaha hai ki isa adhyAtma jijJAsA aura vicAraNAkA srota kisI sudUravartI bhUtakAlameMse bahatA AyA hai aura upalabdha honevAle una-una granthoM meM kisI samaya lipibaddha hokara Ajataka surakSita rahA hai| bhAratabhUmikI godameM janma lenevAleko apanI janamadhUMTIke sAtha hI aisA koI saMskAra milatA hai jisase usake mAnasika nirmANameM AdhyAtmika samajhe jAnevAle viyoMkI

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16 adhyAtmavicAraNA jijJAsA bIja anAyAsa hI boye jAte haiM / " isa prakArake mAnasika nirmANake pIche hajAroM varSoMkI prAcIna AdhyAtmika sAdhanAke itihAsa kI ajJAta bhUmikA rahI huI hai / isIlie to hamameM se aneka jyoM-jyoM isa prakArakI AdhyAtmika jijJAsA aura vicAraNAko rokanekA yA unakA galA ghoMTanekA prayatna karate haiM tyoM-tyoM ve adhikAdhika punaH unhIM viSayoMkI ora jhukate dikhAI dete haiM / isalie jaba hama AtmA-paramAtmAkI vicAraNA karaneke lie prerita hote haiM taba hama apanI viziSTa prakRtikA hI anugamana karate haiM aura apane meM rahe hue nigUr3ha saMskAroMke prati hI vaphAdAra rahate haiM, aisA samajhanA cAhiye / dUsarI tarahase vicAra karanepara bhI jJAta hogA ki prastuta vicAraNA tanika bhI aprAsaMgika yA asAmayika nahIM hai / yUropa aura amerikA jaise bhautikavAdI samajhe jAnevAle dezoMmeM bhI Atmatattva, punarjanma Adi AdhyAtmika viSayoMkI vaijJAnika DhaMga se naI naI khojeM pracura mAtrAmeM hone lagI hai, aura vaha yahA~taka ki aba to kisI-kisI yUnivarsiTIne aisI khojoMke lie qhAsa vibhAga aura abhyAsapIThoMkA bhI prabandha kiyA hai aura unauna viSayoM ke vizeSa anubhavI adhyApakoM ko niyukta kara unakI 2. To a Hindu the idea that the souls of men migrated after death into new bodies of living beings, of animals, nay, even of plants, is so selfevident that it was hardly ever questioned. -Six Systems of Indian Philosophy by Max Muller, p. 114

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praveza nigarAnImeM ucca saMzodhanakArya bhI karavAtI hai| isalie yadi hama apanI prAcIna AdhyAtmika virAsatako AqharI na mAnakara usameM naye saMzodhanoMdvArA vRddhi karake RSiRNa adA karanA cAheM to yaha eka sapUtakA hI kArya samajhA jaaygaa| 1. dekho-Mcdougall : Religion and the Sciences of the Life meM prakAzita vyAkhyAna Psychical Research As A Study, p. 64-81 2. RSiRNa, devaRNa aura pitRRNake lie dekho taittirIya saMhitA 6. 3.10. 5., tathA RNAni trINyapAkRtya mano mokSe nivezayet / . anapAkRtya modaM tu sevamAno vrajatyadhaH // -manusmRti 6.35 mA . .. ..

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Atmatattva [1] bhAratIya dharmoMkI aisI koI bhI paramparA isa samaya upalabdha nahIM hai, jisameM AtmatattvakA eka yA dUsare nAmase svIkAra na kiyA gayA ho| AtmavAdI sabhI darzanoMko samAna rUpase mAnya ho aisA AtmAkA svarUpa yaha hai ki prakRti athavA paramANu-jaise jar3a evaM bhautika tattvameMse niSpanna nahIM honevAlA, para svabhAvase hI mUlameM bhinna aisA cetanAzakti dhAraNa karanevAlA tattva hI Atmatattva hai| yaha svarUpaviSayaka mAnyatA isa samaya to sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMmeM siddha-jaisI hI hai, para mAnyatAko yaha bhUmikA zurUse hI aisI rahI hai yA usameM kramazaH vikAsa hote-hote yaha bhUmikA siddha huI hai ?-yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai| isase maiM pahale isa bAre meM aitihAsika dRSTise vicAra karake bAdameM tAttvika dRSTise vicAra karanA cAhatA huuN| ____upaniSad Adi pIche ke granthoMmeM jaisI spaSTa AtmacarcA aura vicAraNA hai vaisI koI vicAraNA vedake prAcInatama sUktoMmeM nahIM hai| usameM sat-tattva' athavA brahmake sUcaka jo maMtra milate haiM ve bAdake haiM aisA itihAsake vidvAnoMkA mAnanA hai| isase viparIta, nirukta, bhAratIya paNDita aura yogArUr3ha zrI aravinda taka aisA 1. ekaM sadviprA bahudhA vadanti / -Rgveda 1.164.46, puruSasUkta (Rgveda) 10.60. 2. The Secret of the Vedas.

Page #18
zrAtmatatva mAnate haiM ki vaidika maMtroMmeM AdhyAtmika pratipAdana hai aura bhautika arthake sAtha hI AdhyAtmika artha bhI jur3A huA hai| vedake ve sUkta prAcIna hoM yA arvAcIna, para unake Upara usa. usa kAla meM racita tathA sUktake RSiyoMke abhipreta arthako hI prakAzita karanevAlI koI vyAkhyA yadi kabhI likhI gaI ho to vaha Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| sAyaNake bhASya bahuta hI arvAcIna haiM / sAyaNake Upara zAMkara matakA jo prabala prabhAva hai usIse prerita hokara usane vedake maMtroMkA artha karanekA kaI jagaha prayatna kiyA hai / isI prakAra jarathostriyana gAthAkI vyAkhyAe~ bhI gAthAkI racanAke lagabhaga do hajAra varSa bAdameM bananI zurU huii| ye vyAkhyAe~ jaba IrAnameM likhI gaI taba IrAnameM IsAI dharmakA prabhAva par3a cukA thA, ataH ina vyAkhyAoMmeM usa prabhAvako chAyA par3I hai aisA DaoN0 tArAporavAlA-jaise saMzodhaka mAnate haiN| cAhe jo kucha ho, parantu itanA to jJAta hotA hai ki utane prAcIna kAlameM AtmAke svarUpake bAremeM koI sunizcita athavA suspaSTa khyAla yadi pracalita rahA bhI ho to bhI vaha uttarakAlIna vAGmayakI bhA~ti una prAcIna vaidika maMtroM meM spaSTa rUpase nirdiSTa nahIM hai| aura yaha bhI vicAraNIya bAta hai ki una prAcIna vaidika maMtroM ke praNetA RSiyoMkA AtmatattvaviSayaka AdhyAtmika darzana rahA bhI ho to bhI Atmatattva aura usake sAtha anivArya rUpase saMkalita punarjanmakA vicAra karanevAlA vaha darzana mUlameM hI unakA apanA hai yA unake Agamanase pUrva isa dezameM rahanevAlI athavA bAharase Akara basanevAlI drAvir3a Adi jAtiyoMke Atmatattva evaM punarjanma Adike vicAroMse upakRta evaM prabhAvita hai-isa viSayameM itihAsajJoMmeM aneka matabheda haiN| 'naiko muniryasya mataM na bhinnam'-yaha ukti yahA~para bhI caritArtha hotI hai| pro0 kIthane

Page #19
adhyAtmavicAraNA apane Religion and Philosophy of Vedas and Upanishads nAmaka granthake dUsare bhAgake pariziSTa G meM aise aneka matabhedoMke bAremeM UhApoha kiyA hai aura unameMse kisI ekako abAdhita nahIM mAnA / itane dUrake a~dhere bhUtakAlameMse aise praznoMke bAremeM sunizcita evaM sarvasammata satya chA~Takara nikAlanA kisIke lie bhI zakya nahIM hai| ina aura aise dUsare kAraNoMse maiM yahA~para utane bhUtakAlakI gaharAI meM na jAkara aise samayase hI carcAkI zuruAta karU~gA jisameM AtmavAdakI sthApanAke spaSTa ullekha aura varNana milate hoN| ___ pANinike sUtra IsavIpUrva pA~cavI zatIse arvAcIna nahIM haiN| unameM jo 'Astika' va 'nAstika' zabda Ate haiM aura unakA jo paramparAgata pANinivivakSita artha kAzikAkAra vAmana jayAdityane kiyA hai use dekhate hue itanA to pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya AtmavAda evaM punarjanma yA paralokakI bAta bilakula rUr3ha aura pratiSThita ho cukI thI, aura jo aisI mAnyatAmeM vizvAsa na rakhate hoM ve nAstika kahalAte the| Age calakara 'nAstika' pada to aisA pracalita ho gayA ki apanI atyanta zraddheya evaM mAnya vastu yA dRSTimeM jo zraddhA na rakhatA ho athavA usakA virodha karatA ho vaha bhI nAstika samajhA aura kahA jAne 1. India As Known to Panini, P. 475 2. astinAstidiSTaM matiH / _ -pANini aSTAdhyAyI 4. 4.60 3. na ca matisattAmAtre pratyaya iSyate / kastarhi ? paraloko'stIti yasya matirasti sa zrAstikaH / tadviparIto naastikH| -kAzikAvRtti 4. 4. 60

Page #20
11 lgaa| isIlie manune 'nAstiko vedanindakaH' aisA kahA hai| isI taraha vedako mAnanepara bhI yadi IzvaravAdI na ho to vaha bhI vyavahArameM nAstika samajhA jAtA hai| paraMtu yahA~para to dekhanA yaha hai ki mUlameM Astika aura nAstika pada kisa arthameM prayukta hue haiM / yaha vicAra hameM itanA to mAnaneko bAdhita karatA hai ki vaidika paramparA aura saMskRta bhASAkI ananya pratiSThA sthApita karanevAlA pANini nAstika padase eka aisA pakSa upasthita karatA hai jo vaidika mAnyatAse viruddha mAnyatA rakhatA ho aura jisakI jar3a kucha adhika gaharI ho / zabdavyutpAdaka pANinike isa sUtrase nIcekI do bAteM nirvivAdarUpase phalita hotI haiM-(1) tatkAlIna janasamAja athavA vidvatsamAjameM jo 'Astika' aura 'nAstika' zabda uparyukta arthameM pracalita the unheM saMskRta bhASAmeM sAdhu zabdake taurapara sthAna denA; aura (2) AtmavAdI evaM anAtmavAdI donoM prakArako vicArasaraNI rakhanevAle loga pANinike samayameM kamobeza mAtrAmeM vidyamAna the aura ve apanI vicArasaraNIkA pracAra bhI karate the| aba hama yaha dekheM ki AtmA aura punarjanmako na mAnanevAle pakSoMke bAremeM anyatra kahIM pANinike samaya jitane purAne sAhityameM carcA huI hai yA nahIM ? bauddha piTakoM meM aise AcAryoMkA nirdeza milatA hai jo bhUtasaMghAtake atirikta maraNake bAda kAyama rahe aisA koI tattva nahIM mAnate the aura phira bhI apane 1. yo'vamanyeta te mUle hetuzAstrAzrayAd dvijaH / sa sAdhubhirbahiSkAryo nAstiko vedanindakaH // - manusmRti 2.11 2. dIghanikAyagata brahmajAlasutta tathA pAyAsIsutta /

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12 adhyAtmavicAraNA viziSTa paMtha calAte the| jaina AgamoMmeM' bhI aise bhUtasaMghAtavAdiyoMkA ullekha hai| mahAbhAratameM AyA huA aisA varNana kitanA purAnA hai yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, phira bhI chAndogya' jaise prAcIna aupaniSadbhAgameM varNita indra-virocanakI AkhyAyikAmeM virocanakI mAnyatAke rUpameM dehAtmavAdakA sUcana hai hii| kapila, pArzvanAtha, buddha, mahAvIra, yAjJavalkya-jaise mokSavAdI sAdhakoMkI sAdhanA-bhUmikA AtmavAdapara hI pratiSThita thI / ataeva ina sAdhakoMkI tapazcaryA, vicAraNA evaM jIvanasaraNIkA aisA gaharA prabhAva logoMpara par3A aura vaha phailatA bhI gayA ki usakI vajahase dhIre-dhIre bhUtasaMghAtavAda yA dehAtmavAda gauNa evaM apratiSThita hotA gyaa| mokSavAdI darzanoMke puraskartA pratyeka sUtrakArane apanI-apanI kRtimeM pUrvapakSake taurapara bhUtasaMghAtavAda athavA dehAtmavAdakA nirdeza karake usakA saMkSipta yA vistRta khaNDana kiyA hI hai| una sUtrakAroMke samayameM unake samakSa aise bhUtasaMghAtavAdI dharmapaMtha jIvita the yA nahIM yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, para una saba sUtrakAroMkI ekasI bhUtasaMghAtavAdakI khaNDana 1. sUtrakRtAMga 1. 1. 7-8, aura rAyapaseNIyasutta / 2. nA'yaM loko'sti na para iti vyavasito janaH / nA'laM gantumihAzvAsaM nAstikyabhayazaMkitaiH / / -mahAbhArata, zAntiparvaH prApaddharmaparva 3. 14 ( madrAsa saMskaraNa, 1636) FHopkins : The Great Epic of India, p. 86-90 3. chAndogyopaniSad 8.8 tathA gaNadharavAdakI prastAvanA pR. 74 4. nyAyasUtra 3.1.1-27; vaizeSikadarzana 3.1.2, 8.1.2.; prazastapAdabhASyagata prAtmaprakaraNa /

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prAtmatatva zailI aura AtmavAdakI sthApanAzailI itanA to sUcita karatI hai ki ve saba logoMmeM rahA-sahA anAtmavAdakA saMskAra yA vicAra nirmUla karaneke lie prayatnazIla the, aura aisA lagatA hai ki unakA prayatna saphala bhI huaa| isIlie hama dekhate haiM ki anA. tmavAda athavA bhUtasaMghAtavAdakA jo bArhaspatya, paurandara yA cArvAkake nAmase pracalita sAhitya thA vaha kahIM bhI surakSita na rahA aura nAmazeSa ho gyaa| isa samaya anAtmavAdake pUrNa evaM vistRta mantavya jAnaneke lie hamAre pAsa usakA koI maulika va akhaNDa sAhitya nahIM hai, kyoMki aise sAhityako surakSita rakhanevAle aura usakA vikAsa karanevAle jo dharmapantha the ve hI lupta ho gye| AtmavAdake viruddha anAtmavAdako mAnanevAle logoMke vividha mantavya milate haiN| unameMse koI pAMcabhautika dehako hI AtmA mAnatA to koI indriyako AtmA mAnatA, koI manako to koI praannko| ye saba anAtmavAdakI bhinna-bhinna bhUmikAe~ haiM;2 para 1. cArvAkaparamparAke hI vizeSa vikAsako dikhAnevAlA eka grantha abhI kucha varSa pUrva milA hai| yaha tatvopaplavasiMhake nAmase prasiddha hai| isake kattIkA nAma jayarAzi bhaTTa hai| lagabhaga 8vIM zatImeM nirmita isa granthameM sabhI tattvoMke ucchedakI sthApanA kI gaI hai| yaha grantha gAyakavAr3a zrorienTala insTiTyUTa, bar3odAse prakAzita huA hai| ___2. prazna evaM taittirIya (brahmAnandavallI) Adi upaniSadoMmeM aisI bhUmikAoMkA nirdeza milatA hai| svataMtra AtmatattvakA mantavya sthira honese pahale logoMmeM pracalita dehAtmavAda, indriyAtmavAda tathA prANAtmavAda Adi bhUmikAoMkA eka athavA dUsarI tarahase unameM saMkalana karake kahA gayA ki deha, indriya, prANa Adi jo tattva haiM ve bhI AkhikAra AtmAke

Page #23
14 adhyAtmavicAraNA ina saba bhUmikAoM ke pIche rahA huA samAna tattva itanA hI hai ki cetanA aura jJAnazakti cAra yA pA~ca bhUtoMke vilakSaNa saMyogamAtra se sarvathA navIna hI paidA hotI hai aura vaha janma se lekara maraNaparyaMta kArya karatI hai, parantu mRtyuke pazcAt zeSa nahIM rahatI / sabhI AtmavAdI darzanoMkI sAmAnya bhUmikA yaha hai ki pAMcabhautika dehake janma se pUrva hI sadA vidyamAna rahanevAlA aisA koI tattva hai jisase sambandha honepara hI vaha deha sacetana banatI hai aura dehakA avasAna honepara bhI vaha tattva sarvadA ke lie kAyama rahatA hai | tmavAdI mAnyatAviSayaka yaha sAmAnya bhUmikA dhIre-dhIre kisa taraha taiyAra hotI gaI, isapara aba hama vicAra kareM / prAraNa, bhUta, jIva, sattva, pudgala, citta, puruSa, brahma, AtmA aura cetana jaise zabda jIvanadhArI Atmatattva ke lie alagaalaga prayukta hue haiN| Aja jisa 'prANa' zabdakA artha kevala vasovAsa hotA hai vaha prANa zabda kisI samaya zvAsocchvAsa lenevAle aura sAtha hI sAtha punarjanma dhAraNa karanevAle AtmA ke lie prayukta hotA thA / isI taraha jisa 'bhUta' zabdakA Aja pRthvI Adi pA~ca bhUta aisA artha liyA jAtA hai vaha bhUta zabda bhI bhautika dehadhArI jIvita para punarjanma lenevAle cetanake lie prayukta hotA thA / isI prakAra sattva guNameM tathA sattvaguNapradhAna buddhitattva meM pracalita 'sattva' zabdakA prayoga punarjanma prApta karanevAle jIvake lie hotA thA / ' kAraNa hI prakAzamAna evaM kAryakara haiM / nyAyasUtra ( 3.1.1 - 27 ) meM zrAtmavAda kI sthApanA karate samaya deha, indriya, mana zrAdiko AtmA mAnanevAle pakSoM kA nirAsa kiyA gayA hai / 1. savve pANA savveM bhUyA savve jIvA savve sattA na hantavvA -- AcArAMgasUtra 1,4.1.1

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aAtmatattva anAtmavAdI loga sajIva prANImAtrameM vilasita jIvana evaM caitanyakA inakAra karate hoM aisI bAta to nahIM hai, para unakI jIvana va caitanyaviSayaka upapatti yaha hai ki pRthvI Adi cAra bhautika evaM sUkSmatama aNuoMkA saMghAta jaba deharUpameM pariNata hotA hai tabhI unake vilakSaNa saMyogake kAraNa jIvanatattva dehameM dikhAI detA hai aura kAryakara banatA hai, aura jaba vaisA vilakSaNa saMyoga naSTa hotA hai taba usa jIvana yA caitanyakA bhI svataH pralaya ho jAtA hai|' aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa vicArasaraNIke viruddha jo AtmavAdI pakSa the unameM do adhika prAcIna haiM- pahalA pakSa prakRtijanya jIvavAdI hai aura dUsarA svataHsiddha jIvavAdI hai| ina donoM pakSoMko mAnyatAe~ saMkSepameM isa prakAra haiM prathama pakSa-rajas, tamas aura sattva ina tIna aMzoM yA guNoMvAlA eka svataHsiddha pradhAna tattva hai, jise prakRti bhI kahate haiM / ina tIna guNoMke vividha tAratamya yA vaiSamyakI vajahase isake sAtha tulanA karo savve sattA averA zravyApa'jhA anIghA sukhI attAnaM pariharantu / sabbe pANA' 'sabbe bhatA""sabbe puggalA' pariharantuti / -paTisaMbhidA 2,130 tathA visuddhimagga 6.6 1. dekho sarvadarzanasaMgrahameM cArvAkadarzana aura Six Systems of Indian Philosophy by Max Muller, p. 94-104 2. isake lie carakasaMhitAgata zArIrasthAna prathama adhyAyakatidhApuraSIya prakaraNa dekhanA caahiye| usameM jo rAzipuruSakA varNana hai vaha 24 tattvoMvAlA sAMkhya mantavya hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI 24 tattva mAnanevAlI tAMkhyaparamparAkA ullekha hai|

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16 adhyAtma vicAraNA pradhAna tattva sarjana - vyApAra karatA hai / jaba rajas aura tamaskI mAtrAkI apekSA sattvakI mAtrA viziSTa hotI hai taba sattvaprakarSavAlA eka kArya AvirbhUta hotA hai / ise sattva kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa sattva bhI kahA jAtA hai aura sukha-duHkha AdikA anubhava karanekI jIvanazakti dhAraNa karaneke kAraNa yaha jIva bhI kahA jAtA hai / isa sa athavA jIva meM dharma-adharma, jJAna-ajJAna, sukha-duHkha, aizvarya anaizvarya jaise bhAva hote haiM aura yaha dharma - adharmake anusAra uccAvaca janma dhAraNa karatA hai, arthAt eka sthUla deha chor3akara dUsarI sthUla deha dhAraNa karatA hai / sthUla dehake vinAzake sAtha hI usa sattvakA vinAza nahIM hotA aura isI - lie vaha punarjanmavAn AtmA kahA jAtA hai / jaba sattvakI mAtrA kama aura abhibhUta hotI hai tathA rajas evaM tamas guNoMkI mAtrA mukhya rUpase kArya karatI hai taba usa pradhAna nAmaka mUla tattvameM se jo sarjana hote haiM ve jJAna, sukha jaise bhAvoMse rahita hote haiM aura isIlie jar3a yA ajIva koTike samajhe jAte haiM / aise jar3a tattva jIvatattva ke jIvana meM sAdhaka yA bAdhaka banate haiM / samagra vizva mUlameM to pradhAnase hI otaprota hai, para isa pradhAnake jIva evaM ajIva rUpa do sarjanapravAha bahate aura kArya karate hue dikhAI dete haiM / dvitIya pakSa - isa pakSameM jIva aura ajIva ye donoM tattva mUlameMse hI bhinna mAne gaye haiM / ina donoMkA kisI eka mUla kAraNameMse utpAda yA AvirbhAva nahIM hotA / jisa prakAra paramANu Adi jIva tattva svataHsiddha evaM anAdi haiM usI prakAra jIvatatva bhI svataH siddha aura anAdi hai / yaha pakSa bhI prathama pakSakI bhA~ti jIva dharma-adharma, puNya-pApa, jJAna-ajJAna, sukha-duHkha Adi bhAvoMkI utpatti mAnatA hai aura yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki .

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Atmatattva yaha jIva puNya-pApake anusAra punarjanmake cakrakA anubhava karatA hai / yahI jIva AtmA kahalAtA hai| ajIvatattva usake aise anubhavameM sAdhaka yA bAdhaka banatA hai| ___ uparyukta donoM pakSoMke bIca prastutameM dhyAna dene jaisA mukhya bheda yaha hai ki prathama pakSa jIva aura ajIva ina donoM vyavahAragamya tattvoMko mAnanepara bhI mUla meM pradhAnAdvaitavAdI hai, jaba ki dvitIya pakSa mUlataH hI jIva-ajIva tattvoMko bhinna evaM svataHsiddha mAnaneke kAraNa dvaitavAdI hai| donoM pakSoM ke bIca prastutameM dhyAna dene jaisI samAnatA isa prakAra hai-donoM punarjanma aura usake kAraNarUpase dharma-adharma athavA puNya-pApako mAnate haiM, donoM jIvatattva meM sukha-duHkhakA anubhava karanekI cetanAzakti svIkAra karate haiM aura jIvatattvameM puruSArtha karanekI zakti yA sAmarthya bhI mAnya karate haiN| donoMke matase jIvatattvakA kada sthUla deha jitanA hotA hai, arthAt jaba sthUla deha bar3I hotI hai taba usameM vidyamAna jIvatattvakA kada bar3A hotA hai aura jaba vaha deha choTI yA ati sUkSma hotI hai taba jIvatattvakA qada usake jitanA hotA hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki donoM pakSoMkI dRSTise jIvatattva saMkocavistArazIla hai aura deha-bhedase jIva-bheda mAnane ke kAraNa donoM pakSa nAnA-AtmavAdI haiM / prathama tattvAdvaitavicArasaraNI sAMkhyaparamparAkA mUla hai, jaba ki dUsarI tattvadvaitavicArasaraNI jaina paramparAkA mUla hai| donoM pakSa anAtmavAdake viruddha punarjanmakI prakriyA aura usake kAraNake taurapara puNya-pApakI zRMkhalA svIkAra karate haiM, phira bhI ve pahale hI se mokSapuruSArtha mAnate the aisA nizcayapUrvaka kahanA kaThina hai| adhika sambhava to aisA hai ki ve apane vicAroMkI prArambhika dazAmeM punarjanma aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa

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adhyAtmavicAraNA acche-bure loka - lokAntaravAdase Age na bar3he hoN| Age jAkara jaba mokSapuruSArtha kA svIkAra huA taba use khyAla meM rakhakara donoM pakSoMne apanI-apanI mAnyatAkA DhA~cA kAyama rakhake usameM mokSake sAtha saMgata hoM aise sAdhanAgAmI vicAra evaM tattva bar3hAye ghaTAye hoM / 18 yahA~para itanA dhyAna rakhane jaisA hai ki prAcIna upaniSadoM meM Atmatattva se sambaddha jo-jo vicAraNAe~ saMgRhIta haiM unake sivAya bhI AtmatattvasambandhI dUsarI vicAraNAe~ logoM meM pracalita thIM jo nirgrantha paramparA ke prAcInatama granthAMzoM meM ullikhita haiM / ' tattvAdvaitavicArasaraNI jisa eka maulika tattvako mAnakara Age calatI thI vaha tattva aisA mAnA gayA thA ki jisameM se jar3asRSTi evaM cetana sRSTi donoMkA udbhava sambhava ho aura usakI upapatti bhI ho sake / vyavahAra meM sarvAnubhavasiddha aise jar3a evaM cetanake bhedako yaha vicArasaraNI mUlabhUta eka hI tattvameM se ghaTAtI thI / ataeva usa mUlabhUta eka tattvako jar3a arthAt acetana hI kahanA athavA cetana hI kahanA zakya nahIM thA / usa tattvameM jar3a aura cetana donoM prakAra ke sarjanoM kI zakti thI / isIlie kabhI to 'cetanA' zabda se aura kabhI 'prakRti' zabdase usakA ullekha evaM vyavahAra huA hai / vaha mUlatattva prAcIna vyavahAra ke anusAra brahma, 1. prajJApanAsUtra prathama pada, bhagavatIsUtra ( 250 6 ), jIvAjIvAbhigama Adi AgamoM meM 'nigoya' (nigoda) nAmase eka jIvarAzikA varNana zrAtA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai, yaha mAnyatA bahuta prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai / isIke AdhArapara jainaparamparA ke jIvavAdakA sambandha 'enimijma' ke sAtha pAzcAtya vidvAn jor3ate haiM / nigoda arthAt eka sUkSmAtisUkSma sAdhAraNa zarIra meM anantAnanta jIvoMkA svataMtra astitva /

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prAtmatatva 16 avyakta, pradhAna athavA prakRti hai|' dUsarI vicArasaraNI pahale ho se aisA mAnatI AI hai ki koI eka hI tattva jar3a aura cetana ubhayarUpa nahIM ho sktaa| isase vaha prAraMbhase hI jar3a aura cetana aise do paraspara atyanta bhinna tattvoMko mAnakara calatI thii| carakameM ullikhita agnivezake praznoMke uttarameM punarvasune AtmatattvakA jo nirUpaNa kiyA hai| vaha svayaM punarvasukA nahIM hai, para pahalese cale AnevAle AtmajJa logoMke eka mantavyake taurapara hI usane usakA nirdeza kiyA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki carakameM ullikhita tattvAdvaitakI vicArasaraNI pahale hI se calatI . A rahI thii| chAndogya, bRhadAraNyaka Adi upaniSadoMke prAcIna bhAgoMmeM hama dekhate haiM ki vahA~ bhI aisI tattvAdvaitakI vicArasaraNI maujUda hai| kahIMpara satko mUlatattva mAnakara usameM se jar3a-cetanarUpa nAnA sRSTikA vikAsa varNita hai, kahIMpara asatko maulika mAnakara usakA vikAsa darasAyA gayA hai to kahIMpara AtmA zabdase mUlatattvakA ullekha karake usakA vikAsa dikhalAyA gayA hai| upasaMhArameM usa sat tattvako hI brahma athavA AtmA kahA gayA hai| isaparase jJAta hotA hai ki chAndogya, bRhadAraNyaka 1. carakasaMhitAgata zArIrasthAna,katidhApuruSIya a.1,zlo.17,61,156 2. ityanivezasya vacaH zrutvA matimatAM varaH / sarva yathAvat provAca prazAntAtmA punarvasuH // -carakasaMhitA, zArIrasthAna, a. 1, zlo. 15 / 3. sadeva somyedamagra AsIdekamevAdvitIyaM taddhaka Ahurasadevedamagra zrAsIdekamevAdvitIyam / -chAndogyopaniSad 6.2.1 Atmaivedamagra AsIt / -bRhadAraNyaka0 1.4.1, aitareya 1.1.1 4. aitadAtmyamidaM sarva tatsatyaM sa AtmA, tattvamasi shvetketo| -chAndogyopaniSad 6.8.7.

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adhyAtmavicAraNA / Adike prAcIna bhAgoMmeM ullikhita vicAradhArAoM meM kisI eka malatattvako mAnakara usameMse jar3a-cetanake bhedavAlI sRSTikI upapatti kI jAtI thii| yadi mUlameM tattva eka hI ho aura usImeMse donoM cetana-acetanakI bhinna-bhinna sRSTi ghaTAnI ho to usa mUla kAraNameM sRSTiyoMke anurUpa aisA koI sAmarthya to mAnanA hI caahiye| aura hama dekhate haiM ki isa tarahase usakI kalpanA bhI kI gaI hai aura vaha mAnA bhI gayA hai| __upaniSadoMmeM 'tadaikSata' ityAdi zabdoMke dvArA vaha sAmarthya sUcita kiyA gayA hai aura brahmasUtrameM usIkA 'IkSateH2 sUtra meM nirdeza hai| 'IkSaNa' se kyA abhipreta hai ?-isa praznakA uttara 'saMkalpa' diyA gayA hai| mUla eka tattva meM aisI saMkalpazakti hai jisake kAraNa vaha bahu arthAt nAnA banatA hai / eka mUlatattvameMse bahutva athavA nAnAtvakI upapatti bhI kisI eka hI tarahase nahIM kI jAtI thii| koI cintaka eka tarahase to koI dUsarI tarahase aisI upapatti karatA, para itanA to spaSTa hai ki aisI upapattike mUlameM pariNAmavAda thA / tattva mUlameM to eka hai, para vaha saMkalpabalase aneka rUpameM pariNata hotA hai arthAt aneka rUpameM banatA hai-aisA mAnA jAtA thaa| isake samarthanameM 'Atmani khalu are dRSTe zrute mate vijJAta idaM sarva viditam', 'ekena mRtpiNDena sarva mRnmayaM vijJAtam' ityAdikA nirdeza kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. tadaikSata bahu syAM prajAyeyeti / -chAndogya0 6.2.3, aitareya 1.1.1 2. brahmasUtra 1.1.5. 3. bRhadAraNyaka0 4.5.6. 4. yathA saumya kena mRtpiNDena sarvaM mRnmayaM vijJAtaM syAdvAcArambhaNaM vikAro nAmadheyaM mRttiketyeva satyam // yathA saumyaikena lohamaNinA sarva

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zrAtmatattva 21 jisa taraha tattvAdvaitavicArasaraNI pariNAmavAda mAna karake hI jar3a-cetana sRSTikA bheda evaM punarjanma Adi ghaTAtI thI, usI taraha tattvadvaitavicArasaraNI bhI yaha saba ghaTAte samaya donoM mUlatattvoMmeM pariNAmavAda mAnatI thii| ataH tattvacintanakI isa bhUmikAmeM donoM vicArasaraNiyoMko pariNAmavAda eka-sA abhipreta thaa| jar3a-cetana sRSTikA bheda aura punarjanma tathA usase sambaddha karmatattva AdikI bAteM tattvacintanameM yadyapi sthira ho gaI thIM, phira bhI donoM vicArasaraNiyoMke bIca aisA saMgharSa bhI calatA thA ki kaunasI vicArasaraNI dUsarIkI apekSA sopapattika evaM sabala hai ? isa saMgharSa meM tattvadvaitavAdiyoMkA tattvAdvaitavAdiyoMke Upara AkSepa yaha thA ki tuma punarjanma Adi saba kucha mAnate ho aura pariNAmavAda svIkAra karake usakI upapatti bhI karate ho, para AkhirakAra tumameM aura bhUtacaitanyavAdiyoMmeM kyA pharka hai ? bhUtacaitanyavAdI, jo punarjanma Adiko nahIM mAnate, cAtubhautika aNuoMke vilakSaNa saMghAtase caitanyakI utpatti svIkAra karate haiM; jaba ki tuma cAtubhautika aNuoMke badale eka pariNAmI mUlabhUta tattva svIkAra karake usameMse caitanyakI utpatti yA AvirbhAva mAnate ho / ataeva yadi ve jar3acaitanyavAdI kahalAte haiM to tuma bhI eka tarahase jar3acaitanyavAdI hI ho / ve jisa prakAra jar3a bhUtoMmeM caitanyakI utpAdaka zakti mAnate haiM, usI taraha tuma bhI mUla eka hI tattvameM caitanyakI utpAdaka yA vyaMjaka zaktikI kalpanA karate lAhamayaM vijJAtaM syAdvAcArambhaNaM vikAro nAmadheyaM lohamityeva satyam / / yathA saumya kena nakha kRntanena sarva kASAyasaM vijJAtaM syAdvAcArambhaNaM vikAro nAmadheyaM kRSNAyasamityeva satyamevaM saumya sa Adezo bhavatIti / / -chAndogya0 6.1.4-6

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adhyAtmavicAraNA 22 ho; isalie vastutaH tuma donoM bhRtacaitanyavAdI hI ho / ve punajanma mAne binA hI apane caitanyavAdakI sthApanA karate haiM aura tuma punarjanmako mAnakara caitanyavAdakI pratiSThA karate ho; itanA hI tuma donoMke bIca antara hai / aisA lagatA hai ki isa taraha ke kisI vicArasaMgharSa ke ' pariNAmasvarUpa tattvAdvaita vicArasaraNIkI bhUmikAne, jo sAMkhyaparamparAkA prAcIna svarUpa hai, apanA rukha badalA aura usane tattvAdvaita ke sthAnapara tattvadvaita svIkAra kiyaa| pahale tattvAdvaitakI mAnyatA ke samaya jo avyakta, cetanA, AtmA aura puruSa jaise zabda eka hI artha meM paryAyarUpase prayukta hote the, ve aba tattvadvaitakI mAnyatA ke samaya sarvathA bhinna-bhinna artha meM prayukta hone lage / isa bhUmikA meM eka tattva sarvathA jar3arUpa mAnA gayA to dUsarA tatva sarvathA cetanarUpa | jar3a tattva meM cetanAzaktikA abhAva aura cetana meM jar3azaktikA abhAva hai - isa prakArakI sunizcita mAnyatAkA nirmANa huA / sAMkhyaparamparAkI yaha dUsarI bhUmikA thI / isa bhUmikA meM jar3arUpa mUla tattva avyakta, prakRti athavA pradhAna jaise nAmoM se 1. rAzi puruSavAdI sAMkhyako sAmane rakhakara usakI sIdhI samAlocanA kisIne kI ho to vaha hamAre dekhane meM nahIM AI; para naiyAyika, vedAntI va jaina zrAdine aisA sthApana to kiyA hI hai ki pariNAmI buddhisattva meM jJAnasukha-duHkha Adi saMbhava nahIM haiM, ve to cetana zrAtmA meM hI zakya haiM / aisA kahate samaya unakA zrAzaya to yahI hai ki svataMtra cetana na mAnakara kevala prakRti ke dharmarUpase jJAna-sukha-duHkha zrAdikI upapatti nahIM ho sakatI / ataeva pacIsa tattvavAdI sAMkhya ko lekara jo khaNDana kiyA gayA hai vaha rAzi puruSa arthAtM caubIsa tattvavAdI sAMkhyapara aura bhI acchI taraha lAgU hotA hai / 2. yaha bhUmikA IzvarakRSNakI sAMkhyakArikA Adi meM varNita hai /

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zrAtmatattva 23 vyavahRta huA; aura cetanatattva kSetrajJa, AtmA, cetana, puruSa jaise nAmoM se kahA jAne lgaa| isake atirikta, sAMkhyavicAra kI isa bhUmikAmeM eka dUsarA mAnyatAbheda bhI rUr3ha huA / vaha yaha ki jar3atattva to pUrva kI bhA~ti pariNAmI hI mAnA gayA; para pariNAmI, avyakta, pradhAna yA prakRtise sarvathA bhinna aura svataMtra mAnA jAnevAlA cetanatattva to kUTastha - apariNAmI hI samajhA jAne lagA | tattvadvaitavicArasaraNI pahale hI se jIva-jIva donoM svataMtra tattvoMko pariNAmI mAnatI thI, jaba ki sAMkhyaparamparAkI yaha dUsarI dvaitavAdI bhUmikA eka jar3atattvako pariNAmI tathA dUsare cetana tattvako apariNAmI mAnane lgii| aisA kyoM huA, yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tattvAdvaitakI bhUmikAmeM se tattvadvaitakI bhUmikAmeM jaba sAMkhyavicArakoMne praveza kiyA taba unhoMne aisA socA hogA ki yadi jar3ase cetanako sarvathA bhinna evaM svataMtra mAneM to use jar3akI apekSA ucca koTikA hI mAnanA ucita hai / donoM pariNAmI hI raheM to phira unameM Apasa meM vizeSatA kyA rahI ? pariNAmI hone kI vajahase pratyeka tattva satata evaM svayameva pariNata to hotA hI rahatA hai aura sAtha hI sAtha dUsare virodhI tattva ke prabhAvase bhI prabhAvita hotA rahatA hai / ' aisI sthiti meM jar3a yadi cetana tattvake prabhAva se prabhAvita ho to cetana tattva bhI jar3a ke prabhAvase prabhAvita kyoM na ho ? aura yadi una donoM tattvoMpara eka dUsarekA asara par3e to phira tattvataH una donoMmeM pharka kyA rahA ? eka tattva mAnakara usameM jar3a evaM cetana donoM sRSTiyoMkI zakti mAnanA aura aisI donoM sRSTiyoM kI zaktise samanvita 1. jIva aura ajIva paraspara prabhAvita hote haiM - yaha bhUmikA jainaparamparA meM spaSTa rUpase surakSita hai /

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adhyAtmavicAraNA bhinna-bhinna do tattva mAnanA-ina donoM vicAroM meM kucha adhika farka nahIM hai / ataeva yadi donoM tattva svataMtra hI mAnane hoM to ekako pariNAmI aura dUsareko apariNAmI mAnanA hI yuktiyukta hai| aise kisI vicArake kAraNa hI sAMkhyaparamparAkI dvaitavAdI bhUmikAne puruSa athavA caitanyako apariNAmI maanaa| . isa samaya AtmavAdI sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMmeM mokSapuruSArthakA astitva nirvivAda rUpase mAnA jAtA hai, para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa puruSArthakI mAnyatA tattvacintana aura sAdhanAkI amuka bhUmikAke samaya hI dAkhila huI hogii| anAtmavAdake virodhameM AtmavAda jaba astitvameM AyA taba vaha apane sAtha punarjanmakI kalpanA bhI lAyA, para mokSapuru. pArthakI kalpanA punarjanmakI spaSTa kalpanA rUr3ha hone ke pazcAt kisI samaya astitvameM AI hogI, aisA pratIta hotA hai| puNya athavA sukRta karanese divya yA ucca loka ( yoni) meM janma milatA hai tathA pApa athavA duSkRta karanese naraka yA tuccha lokameM janma lenA par3atA hai-aisI mAnyatA punarjanmakI kalpanAmeM thI hI, aura isI mAnyatAke Upara sAmAjika tathA dhArmika jIvanakA nirmANa huA thaa| isase koI bhI dIrgha dRSTivAlA vyakti sAmAjika evaM dhArmika jIvana isa taraha jInA pasanda karatA jisase vaha sukRta upArjana kare aura maraNottara ucca yonimeM janma le sake / jo isa taraha jItA vahI dhArmika samajhA jAtA thA aura usIkI vizeSa pratiSThA bhI hotI thii| jo dIrgha va kaThina tapa kare, jo nAnA prakArase tyAga kare, dAna de, yajJa-pUjA Adi kare vaha svargameM apane sukRtake anusAra dIrgha evaM ucca koTikA sukha pAtA hai-aisI mAnyatA samAjameM sthira ho cukI thI aura yahI mAnyatA logoMke ucca cAritryakI preraka bhI banatI thii| isa

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mAtmatattva - 25 bhUmikAmeM svargaprApti hI jIvanakA carama lakSya thA aura isI lakSyakI siddhikI dRSTise samagra dhArmika evaM sAmAjika vyavahAra sugrathita hue the| isa sthitimeM sahasA parivartana huaa| kisI tattvacintaka aura sAdhakako kiso virala kSaNameM aisA bhAna huA ki svargaprApti jIvanakA carama lakSya mAnA jAtA hai, para yaha yathArtha nahIM hai| adhikase adhika puNya yA sukRta karane ke phalasvarUpa uccatama svargIya jIvana aura sukha prApta ho sakatA hai, parantu antataH to vaha puNyapara hI avalambita hai aura isIlie puNyakI pUMjI samApta hone para vaha khatma hogA hii| pariNAmasvarUpa usa jIvanameMse cyuta hokara phirase punarjanmake cakrameM ghUmanA par3egA / cAhe jitanA dIrghakAlIna aura ucca koTikA sukha bhI yadi AkhirakAra chor3anA hI par3e to usakA zAzvata mUlya kyA ?' aise bar3e bhArI sukhake pazcAt bhI yadi duHkhake gaDDhe meM giranA hI par3e to vaisA sukha jIvanakA carama aura parama Adarza 1. pariNAmatApasaMskAraduHkhairguNavRttivirodhAcca duHkhameva sarva vivekinaH / heyaM duHkhamanAgatam / -yogasUtra 2.15-16 bAdhanAlakSaNaM duHkham / -nyAyasUtra 1.1.21 vividhanAdhanAyogAd duHkhameva janmotpattiH / na sukhasyA'ntarAlaniSpatteH / bAdhAnivRttervedayataH paryeSaNadoSAdapratiSedhaH / duHkhavikalpe sukhAbhimAnAca / -nyAyasUtra 4.1.55-58 tathA ina sUtroMparake bhASya, vArtika evaM tAtparyaTIkA / kSINe puNye martyalokaM vizanti | -gItA 6. 21

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26 adhyAtmavidhAraNA nahIM ho sktaa| parama Adarza to vahI ho sakatA hai jo prApta hone ke bAda zAzvata Tike-jisameMse punaH kabhI cyuta na honA pdd'e| isa vicArameMse mokSakI kalpanAkA udaya huA aura aisA mAnA gayA ki jIvanakA carama aura parama sAdhya svarga nahIM, kintu mokSa hai aura mokSa to puNyakA sIdhA phala nahIM hai| puNya evaM pApa ye donoM to punarjanmakI gati-Agatike do cakra haiN| isa bandhanase chUTanA hI mokSa hai aura yahI jIvanakA antima Adarza hai / mokSakI aisI kalpanAke sAtha hI use siddha karane ke mArga bhI naye sirese soce gaye aura unakI AyojanA bhI huI / aisA kahanA cAhiye ki sAdhanA adhika antaSTikI ora unmukha huii| jo AcAra, vyavahAra evaM anuSThAna jisa-jisa dharmapaMtha aura samAjameM pracalita the ve saba usa-usa dharmapaMtha va samAjameM pracalita to rahe hI, para sAtha hI kaI naye sAdhana bhI astitvameM Aye / pahaleke aura bAdake sabhI anuSThAna antarDa STise saMcAlita hoM, isa ora savizeSa lakSa aba diyA jAne lgaa| jo kucha karanA vaha sabaH niSkAmabhAvase-nirIhabhAvase aura kisI bhI prakArakI vAsanA yA icchAke binA karanA aisA vicAra Age AtA gayA aura apanA sthAna jamAtA gayA / ' jo svargake lakSyase Age nahIM bar3he the unake sAtha prArambhameM mokSavAdiyoMkI muThabher3a hotI rahI,2 para 1. karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphalaheturbhUrmA te saMgo'stvakarmaNi // yogasthaH kuru karmANi saMgaM tyaktvA dhanaMjaya / / siddhayasiddhayoH samo bhatvA samatvaM yoga ucyate ||-giitaa2.47-48 2. mImAMsaka yajJa Adi dharmakA antima phala svarga mAnate the, jaba ki sAMkhya jaise mokSavAdiyoMne usa mArgakA prabala virodha kiyA aura kahA ki yajJamArga to doSayukta hai

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27. lambe saMgharSake anantara mokSavAdane hI svargavAdapara vijaya prApta kii| pahale karma aura tajjanya punarjanmako ghaTAne ke lie Atma- tattva ke vicArane eka bar3A qadama uThAyA thA; aba mokSako ghaTAne ke lie use eka aura nayA qadama uThAnA par3A / isakI vajaha se Atmatattva ke svarUpa kI mAnyatAmeM aneka prakArakI spaSTatA AI, jo isa samaya sabhI mokSavAdI darzanoMmeM eka taraha se sthira-sI pratIta hotI hai / zrAtmatattva mokSakA kyA svarUpa hai aura vaha kisa taraha prApta ho sakatA hai - isa viSaya meM aneka mata pracalita the aura isa dizA meM aneka cintaka va sAdhaka apanI-apanI mAnyataH sthApita karate the / una sabameM eka bAtapara mataikya thA ki mokSa prApta honeke pazcAt phirase punarjanma ke phande meM nahIM pha~sanA par3atA / mokSa ke svarUpakI vicArAke sAtha hI AtmavAdiyoMko Atmatattva ke svarUpa ke bAremeM bhI naye sire se socanA par3A, aura apane-apane mAne hue mokSake svarUpake sAtha susaMgata ho aisA Atmatattva mAnanA unake lie anivArya sA ho gyaa| tattvadvaitavAdiyoMmeM jo jIva yA AtmAko vyAvahArika kasauTIke AdhArapara dehaparimita aura pariNAmI mAnate the unhoMne muktidazA meM bhI Atmatattvako parimita aura pariNAmI hI mAnA / " yaha kalpanA sAMkhyavicArakI upayukta dUsarI bhUmikA taka pahu~ce hue mokSavAdiyoMko saMgata pratIta na huI / unheM isa kalpanAmeM mukhya rUpase do doSa dikhAI diye- prathama to. yaha ki yadi AtmA parimita evaM pariNAmI ho to jar3atattvakI dRSTavadAnuvikaH sa hyavizuddhikSayAtizayayuktaH / tadviparItaH zreyAn vyaktAvyaktajJavijJAnAt // - sAMkhyakArikA 2 1. yaha mAnyatA qhAsa karake jainaparamparA meM surakSita hai /

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28 adhyAtmavicAraNa apekSA usameM vaiziSTya kyA rahA ? aura dUsarA yaha ki yadi Atmatattva saMsAradazAmeM vastutaH vikRta huA ho to mukta honeke pazcAt bhI vaha vikRta kyoM nahIM hogA ? jo tattva mokSakI dRSTise svabhAvataH zuddha mAnA gayA ho aura phira bhI vAstavika dRSTise vikRta bhI mAnA gayA ho, vahI tattva muktidazAmeM zuddha svabhAva pragaTa kare to bhI usakA pariNAmI svabhAva use punaH vikRta honese kaise roka sakatA hai ? zuddha svabhAva pragaTa hone ke bAda kisI samaya bhI yadi vikRti utpanna ho to vaisA mokSa svargake jaisA hI huaa| jaise svargase cyuta honA par3atA hai vaise hI mokSakAlIna zuddha svabhAvase bhI cyuta honA pdd'egaa| aise kisI vicAraparase uparyukta dvaitavAdI sAMkhyavicArasaraNIne apane mokSavAdameM AtmAko parimita na mAnakara vibhu arthAt aparimita mAnA aura pariNAmI na mAnakara apariNAmI arthAt kUTastha maanaa| usane aisA bhI mAnA ki Atmatattva svabhAvase zuddha hI hai| vaha apariNAmI honese saMsAradazAmeM bhI vikRta nahIM hotaa| vaha saMsAra evaM mokSa donoM dazAoM meM eka jaisA sahajazuddha hI rahatA hai| usapara puNya-pApakA kisI bhI tarahakA asara nahIM pdd'taa| isIlie mukti ke anantara vikRtikI sambhAvanA hI nahIM rhtii| ina mokSavAdI sAMkhyavicArakoMne aisA mAna liyA thA ki saMsAra aura mokSa to pradhAna athavA avyaktakA hotA hai, kyoMki pariNAmI honese usImeM aisI bhinna-bhinna avasthAe~ sambhava haiM; AtmA na to baddha hai aura na mukta / prakRtikA kAryaprasava bandha hai aura usIkA pratiprasava (pralaya ) mokSa hai| prakRtike hI ye 1. tasmAnna badhyate nApi mucyate nApi saMsarati kazcit / saMsarati badhyate mucyate ca nAnAzrayA prakRtiH / / -sAMkhyakArikA 62

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zrAtmatattva 26 donoM bandha evaM mokSa-usake samIpameM sadA vidyamAna AtmatattvameM Aropita hote haiN| pariNAmitattvadvaitavAdI aura pariNAmI evaM kUTastha tattvadvaitavAdI ina donoM vicArasaraNiyoMkA AtmasvarUpaviSayaka upayukta mantavya, jo hajAroM varSa pahale nimita huA thA, vaha Aja bhI dArzanika carcAoM meM jIvita hai| __ mUlameM to tattvAdvaitasparzI sAkhyavicArasaraNImeM pariNAmavAda hI thaa| usake pazcAt dvaitasparzI dUsarI bhUmikAmeM kUTasthavAdakA bhI svIkAra kaise huA, yaha hama dekha cuke / AtmavAdake bAremeM dUsare bhI aise mahattvake aura vicAraNIya mudde haiM, jinapara AgekA dArzanika vikAsa huA hai| inameM pahalA muddA Atmabahutva aura AtmaikatvakA hai| cAlU jIvanameM sabako honevAle sukha-duHkhake bhinna-bhinna anubhavoMke AdhArapara dehabhedase Atmatattva yadi bhinna-bhinna kalpita ho to vaisI kalpanA vyAvahArika anubhavase bAdhita nahIM hai| isI kAraNa prArambhase hI tattvadvaitasparzI pariNAmavAdI paramparAne jIvabahutva mAnA hai / isI prakAra tattvAdvaitasparzI sAMkhyane bhI apanI prathama bhUmikAmeM maulika avyakta yA. prakRti tattvameMse AvirbhUta aura dehabhedase bhinna-bhinna sattva yA jIva mAne the; arthAt mUlameM tattvAdvaitasparzI pahalI bhUmikA bhI jIvabahutvavAdI thI / jaba usa vicArasaraNIne dvaitavAdakI dUsarI bhUmikA svIkAra kI taba bhI usane AtmabahutvavAdakA mantavya to cAlU' hI rkhaa| usane AtmAko-puruSako vibhu aura kUTastha mAnA to sahI, para vaise AtmA dehabhedase bhinna-bhinna mAne / pratyeka kUTastha AtmAmeM saMsAra evaM mokSakA AbhAsa utpanna karAnevAlA pradhAnatattva bhI prArambhameM Atmabhedase bhinna-bhinna mAnA 1. jananamaraNakaraNAnAM pratiniyamAdayugapatpravRttezca / puruSabahutvaM siddhaM traiguNyaviparyayAccaiva ||-saaNkhykaarikaa 18

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adhyAtmavicAraNA gayA thaa| aise kaI prAcIna ullekha milate haiM ki jisa taraha puruSa nAnA arthAt aneka haiM usI taraha pradhAna bhI nAnA hI haiM / pratyeka AtmAke sAtha pradhAna alaga-alaga aura isI pradhAnakA prasava yA pratiprasava hI AtmAkA kramazaH bandha yA mokSa hai / parantu samaya bItanepara yaha mAnyatA sthira na rhii| sAMkhyacintakoMne socA ki dehabhedase puruSa bhale hI bhinna-bhinna hoM, para pratyeka puruSake lie eka-eka pradhAna kyoM mAnA jAya ? pradhAna vyApaka to mAnA hI jAtA thA; ataH unheM svAbhAvika taurapara vicAra to AyA hI hogA ki vyApaka nAnA pradhAnake sthanAmeM eka hI vyApaka pradhAna mAnakara aura usIke AvirbhAvarUpase nAnA sattva-nAnA buddhiyA~ svIkArakara nAnA puruSoM ke bandha-mokSakI upapatti kyoM na kI jAya ? aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki isa vicArake phalasvarUpa pradhAnabahutvavAdameMse pradhAnaikatvavAda niSpanna huaa| isa bhUmikAmeM yadyapi pradhAna eka hI mAnA gayA, phira bhI puruSa to dehabhedase bhinna hI mAne jAte the| yaha mAnyatA hI isa samaya sAMkhyadarzanake nAmase prasiddha hai| pradhAnaikatva aura puruSabahutvavAdakI uparyukta bhUmikAmeMse eka nayA vicAra prAdurbhUta huyA / vaha yaha ki yadi eka hI pradhAnameMse nAnA sattvapradhAna nAnAM buddhiyA~ mAnakara jIvabheda evaM bandhamokSakI vyavasthA ho sakatI hai to vyApaka evaM kUTastha nAnA puruSa mAnanekI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? jisa taraha vAstava meM pradhAna eka hI mAnA jAtA hai usI taraha puruSa bhI vAstava meM yadi eka hI mAnA jAya to bhI pradhAnake sAttvika buddhirUpa nAnA 1. maulikyasAMkhyA hyAtmAnamAtmAnaM prati pRthak-pRthak pradhAnaM vadanti;uttare tu sAMkhyAH sarvAtmasvapyekaM nityaM pradhAnamiti prapannAH / -SaDdarzanasamuccaya-guNaratnIya TIkA, kA0 36.

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Atmatattva AvirbhAvoM dvArA eka hI cetanameM vyAvahArika jIvabhedavAdakI upapatti saralatAse kI jA sakatI hai| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki aisI hI kisI vicArasaraNImeMse cetanAdvaitavAda astitva meM AyA hogA / eka hI kUTastha evaM vibhu cetanatattva honepara bhI vaha nAnA sAttvika buddhiyoMke saMsargake kAraNa dehabhedase nAnA bhAsita hotA hai / vastutaH jo sAttvika buddhibheda hai vahI cetanA yA brahmameM Aropita hotA hai| jisa prakAra pradhAna yA buddhikA bandha-mokSa puruSoMmeM Aropita mAnA jAtA hai usI prakAra sAttvika buddhiyoMkA nAnAtva bhI eka hI vyApaka evaM kUTastha cetanameM Aropita karake vyAvahArika jIvabhedake anubhavakI tathA bandha-mokSakI vyavasthA isa bhUmikAne siddha kI / yahIMse AtmAdvaitavAda yA cetanAdvaitavAdakI nIMva par3atI hai| vicArakI uparyukta bhUmikAmeM pradhAnAdvaita aura cetanAdvaita ye do advaita to siddha hue, para sAtha hI yahIMse eka bar3I bhArI ulajhana bhI paidA huI; aura vaha yaha ki eka hI pradhAna apane nAnA pariNAmoM dvArA yadi nAnA anubhavoMkI upapatti karA sakatA hai aura isake lie puruSa-bahutva mAnanekI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI, to phira Age bar3hakara aisA kyoM na mAnA jAya ki eka hI advaita ho aura usake dvArA samagra vyavasthA ghaTAI jAya ? pahale tattvAdvaitasparzI sAMkhyabhUmikA mUlameM eka tattva mAnakara aura usameM jar3a evaM cetanakI do zaktiyA~ kalpita karake una zaktiyoMke dvArA jar3a-cetana sRSTikI upapatti karatI thI / aba pRthak cetanatattva to mAnA hI gayA thA, ataH mokSakI dRSTise pradhAnAdvaita-tattvaikatvavAdakI ora pIchehaTa karanA iSTa na samajhA gyaa| isase kaI tattvacintakoMne caitanAdvaitako hI mAnA aura pradhAnAdvaitako vAstavika satkoTikA na mAnakara use eka anirvacanIya mAyA yA avidyArUpa kahA aura usake dvArA bandha-mokSakI vyavasthA ghaTA

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adhyAtmavicAraNA lii| para prAcIna vAstavika pradhAnAdvaitavAdI bhI isa samaya hAthapara hAtha dharakara cupacApa baiThe to nahIM the| unhoMne cetanAdvaita athavA cetanabahutva bhinna na mAnakara pradhAnAdvaitakI pramukha mAnyatAke Upara hI punarjanmakI bhA~ti mokSavAda bhI ghaTAyA aura apane isa mantavyake anukUla zAstravAkyake artha bhI kiye| ___ upaniSadoMke AdhArapara racita brahmasUtrake kaI vyAkhyAkAra zaMkarAcAryase pahale bhI hue the / ve tattvAdvaitavAdakI prathama sAMkhyabhUmikAkA avalambana lekara ekamAtra pradhAnatattvako mAnate the aura usase bhinna cetanatattva mAne binA hI mokSa Adi viSayoMkI upapatti bhI karate the| 1. mokSo rajastamo'bhAvAd balavatkarmasaMkSayAt / viyogaH karmasaMyogairapunarbhava ucyate // 142 // xxx etattadekamayanaM muktairmokSasya darzitam / tattvasmRtibalaM yena gatA na punarAgatAH / / 150 / / zrayanaM punarAkhyAtamatadyogasya yogibhiH / saMkhyAtadharmaiH sAMkhyaizca muktermokSasya cAyanam // 151 / / tasmiMzcaramasaMnyAse samlAH sarvavedanAH / asaMjJAjJAnavijJAnA nivRttiM yAntyazeSataH // 154 / / ataH paraM brahmabhUto bhUtAtmA nopalabhyate / niHsRtaH sarvabhAvebhyazcihna yasya na vidyate // 155 / / gatibrahmavidAM brahma taccAkSaramalakSaNam / jJAnaM brahmavidAM cAtra nAzastajjJAtumarhati / / 156 // -carakasaMhitAgata zArIrasthAna, katidhApuruSIya prakaraNa, a. 1

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33 Upara kI carcA parase mUlameM tattvAdvaita mAnanevAlI sAMkhyavicArasaraNIkA, mokSapuruSArtha kI dRSTise usake vikAsakramakA vicAra kiyA jAya to tIna bhUmikAe~ phalita hotI haiN| inameM se prathama bhUmikA carakake zArIrasthAnake katidhApuruSIya prakaraNa meM ullikhita hai / yahI bhUmikA brahmasUtrake prAcIna vyAkhyAkAroM ne sUtroMmeMse phalita kI haiM aura isI bhUmikAkA zaMkarAcArya ne pUrvapakSake rUpa meM apane prAyaH samagra bhASya meM nirdeza kiyA hai / dUsarI bhUmikA pradhAna aura cetana donoM ko sat mAnanevAlI hai / isakA pratipAdana IzvarakRSNakI kArikA tathA yogasUtra AdimeM hai / tIsarI bhUmikA kevalAdvaita ke nAmase prasiddha hai / isake pramukha puraskartA Amataurapara zaMkarAcArya kahe jAte haiM / unhoMne brahmasUtroMmeMse upaniSadoMke AdhArapara yaha bhUmikA phalita kI hai / Atmatatva yahA~takakI carcA mukhyataH anAtmavAdake virodhI jo prAcIna do AtmavAda the unake AdhArapara huI / prakRtijanya jIvavAda aura svataHsiddha jIvavAdarUpase ina do vAdoMkA kucha svarUpa tathA ina donoMke pArasparika saMgharSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa unameM jo parivartana yA vikAsa huA usakA saMkSipta citra bhI Upara aMkita kiyA gayA hai| isa citrakA adhyayana karanevAle tArkika jijJAsuke mana meM aisA prazna utpanna ho sakatA hai ki yadi prakRtijanya jIva evaM svataH siddha jIva ina donoMke pariNAmitva, dehaparimitatva, sukha-duHkha-jJAna-ajJAna - puNya-pApayuktatva jaise svarUpa samAna hI haiM aura vizeSa meM sattva, jIva, AtmA jaise nAma bhI samAna hI haiM, to ye donoM vAda kyA paraspara eka dUsare se sarvathA svataMtra haiM athavA kisI eka vAda meM se, vicArakI amuka bhUmikA siddha honepara, dUsarA vAda astitva meM AyA hai ? yadi donoM prArambha hI se sarvathA svataMtra rUpa se astitva meM na Aye hoM 3

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34 adhyAtmavicAraNA aura kisI ekameMse dUsarekA astitva phalita hotA ho to yaha prazna bhI utpanna hotA hai ki mUla vAda kaunasA aura usameMse dUsarA jo phalita huA vaha kaunasA ? isa praznakA uttara diye binA Age carcA karanA aprAsaMgika hI hogaa| Age jAkara AtmavAdake vikAsakI jo kathA kahanI hai usakA AdhAra bhI ukta praznakA uttara hI hai / ataeva isa praznakA uttara tanika vistArase denA hI upayukta hogaa| ukta donoM vAdoMmeM jIvatattvakA svarUpasAmya evaM abhidhAnasAmya dekhate hue aisA to mAnA hI nahIM jA sakatA ki ye donoM vAda prArambha hI se svataMtrarUpase astitva meM Aye hoN| isalie socanekA itanA hI bAqI rahatA hai ki kaunasA vAda dUsaremeMse phalita huA hai ? yahA~para do vikalpa ho sakate haiM-(1) prakRtijanya jIvavAdameMse svataHsiddha jIvavAda, yA (2) svataHsiddha jIvavAdameMse prakRtijanya jIvavAda ? vicAra karanepara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prathama vikalpa hI svIkArya ho sakatA hai / yadi mUlameM svataHsiddha jIva aura svataHsiddha ajIva ina donoM tattvoMko mAnanevAlA tattvadvaitavAda hotA to usa vAdase punarjanma, mokSa AdikI sampUrNa upapatti ho sakatI thI; to phira donoM tattvoMke upAdAnarUpase prakRti yA pradhAna tattva mAnanekI tanika bhI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI, jisase ki vaisA prakRtitattva mAnakara usameMse jIva. ajIvarUpa do sarjana mAnanekI kalpanAtaka jAnA pdd'e| isake viparIta, yadi mUlameM hI prakRtijanya jIva-ajIva sarjanoMkI mAnyatA thI aisA mAneM to cintanakI amuka kakSAtaka Anepara aise prazna uThate haiM jinakA samAdhAna svataHsiddha jIva aura ajIvatattvakI mAnyatA phalita kiye binA kisI taraha zakya hI nahIM hai| saMkSepameM ve prazna isa prakAra haiM

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zrAtmatattva 35 (1) yadi mUlameM triguNAtmaka prakRti hI ekamAtra tattva ho aura usake guNoMke tAratamyake kAraNa hI jar3a-cetana yA ajIvajIva jaise sarjana hote hoM to vastutaH una sarjanoMmeM koI saccI bhedarekhA ho hI nahIM sakatI, kyoMki sattvaguNake prakarSake kAraNa jo sarjana jIva kahalAtA hai vahI sarjana kisI samaya itara guNoMkA prakarSa honepara ajIvabhAva kyoM na prApta kare ? arthAt jJAna, sukha, duHkha jaise bhAvoMko tyAgakara jar3atA kyoM na prApta kare ? isI taraha jo sarjana jar3a yA ajIva kahalAte haiM ve tanmAtrA yA sthUla bhUta Adi tattva bhI sattvaguNake prakarSase kisI samaya jJAna, sukha, duHkha Adi bhAvoMkA anubhava kyoM na kareM arthAt ve jIvanavyApAra kyoM na dhAraNa kareM ? (2) sattva, rajas aura tamas ina tIna guNoMkI sAmyAvasthAko hI prakRti kahate haiN| isameM kSobha honepara jIva-ajIvasRSTikA prasava hotA hai| jisa taraha vaha kSobha kisI samaya akAraNa hI-svataH huA hai usI taraha kSobhamUlaka guNavaiSamyameMse AvirbhUta jIva-ajIva-sRSTi meM bhI akAraNa hI-svataH guNasAmya bhI kisI samaya pragaTa ho sakatA hai; aura jaba aisA hogA taba sRSTikA arthAt punarjanmakA pralaya bhI svayameva hogaa| aisI sthitimeM mokSake lie kiye jAnevAle puruSArthakI jarA bhI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| taba phira isa pakSameM mokSake vicArakA mahattva kyA rahA? aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina aura inake jaise dUsare praznoM kA uttara dene ke lie hI prakRtijanya jIva-ajIva tattvavAdameMse svataHsiddha jIva-ajIva tattvavAda astitvameM AyA hogaa| jaba yaha vAda astitvameM AyA taba isane sirpha itanA hI mAna liyA ki jIvaajIvake upAdAnake taurapara pradhAna yA prakRti nAmaka tattva mAnanekI

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36 zradhyAtmavicAraNA tanika bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / ye donoM tattva mUlameM se hI bhinna evaM svataHsiddha anAdi haiM aura donoMke bIcako bhedarekhA vAstavika hai, aura isIlie na to jIva kabhI ajIvabhAva prApta karatA hai aura na ajIva kabhI jIvabhAva prApta karatA hai | cetana cetana hI hai aura acetana acetana hI / aisA hone se cetana yA jIvako mokSa - puruSArtha ke lie avakAza rahatA hai| prakRtitattvameM se jIvaajIva sRSTikA sarjana vyApAra zurU hote hI jIva yA sattvameM jo sukha-duHkhasaMvedana Adi bhAvoMkI upapatti kI gaI thI aura usa sattvakA jo svarUpa usa samaya siddha huA thA vaha saba jaba svataHsiddha jIva ajIvatattvavAda astitva meM AyA taba svataH siddha anAdi jIvatattva mAnakara usameM ghaTAyA gayA / yahI vajaha hai ki hama prakRtijanya sattva yA jIva aura svataH siddha jIva meM eka tarahakA pUrNa sAmya dekhate haiM / itanI carcA yaha jAnane ke lie paryApta hogI ki pUrvokta donoM vAdoMmeMse kaunasA vAda dUsare meMse phalita huA hai aura vaha kisa upapattike AdhArapara | AtmavAdI cintanameM ye donoM vAda aba apane-apane DhaMga se loka-mAnasakA nirmANa kara rahe the aura apane-apane pakSakI sthApanA tathA itara pakSoMkI truTiyA~ bhI dikhA rahe the / isa prakriyAne cAhe jitanA samaya liyA ho, para ina donoM vAdoMke pArasparika AkSepa-pratyAkSepake pariNAmasvarUpa eka tIsarA vAda astitvameM AyA / vaha vAda kaunasA hai aura kisa taraha astitva meM AyA, yaha aba hama dekheN| hama Upara dekha cuke haiM ki svataHsiddha jIva ajIva tattvadvaitavAda, jo jainaparamparAmeM surakSita hai, pradhAnAdvaitavAdakI mUla sAMkhya- bhUmikAkA prathama vikAsa hai| mUla pradhAnAdvaitavAda aura usakI prathama santati svataH siddha jIva ajIva tattvadvaitavAda - ina

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prAtmatattva donoM pitA-putrake jaise vAdoMke saMgharSake pariNAmasvarUpa pradhAnAdvaitavAdane pradhAna-puruSarUpa tattvadvaitavAdako janma diyaa| isa taraha pradhAnAdvaitavAdakI sAMkhyavicArabhUmikAmeMse kAlAntarameM do bhAI jaise do vAda astitva meM aaye| ye donoM vAda yadyapi svataHsiddha tattvadvaitako hI mAnate haiM, phira bhI ina donoMke bIca khAsA antara bhI hai / pahale vAdameM jIvatattva bhI ajIvakI hI bhA~ti pariNAmI mAnA gayA hai aura deha-parimita honese vaha saMkoca-vistArazIla bhI hai, aisI kalpanA kI gaI hai / parantu jIva to abhautika padArtha hai; usameM saMkoca-vistArazIlatA mAnanA yaha to vastutaH usameM bhautikatA mAnane ke barAbara hai| ataeva isa doSase bacane ke lie dUsare vAdane puruSa yA cetanameM na to mAnA pariNAmitva aura na mAnA saMkoca-vistArazIlatva / usane puruSako kUTastha kahakara apariNAmI aura vibhu kahakara saMkoca-vistArarahita maanaa| isa 'prakAra usane arthAt sAMkhyake prakRti-puruSadvaitavAdane prathama pakSa arthAt jainaparamparAdvArA sammata jIvatattvake Upara AnevAle bhautikatAke Aropase chuTakArA paayaa| apariNAmitva evaM kUTasthatvakI kalpanAne cetana puruSameM eka ora to katRtva tathA bandha-mokSako vAstavikatAkA inakAra karAyA to dUsarI ora buddhisattvameM pahale hI se mAne jAnevAle jJAna-sukha-duHkha-puNya-pApa Adi jIvagata bhAvoMko puruSameM sthAna lenese rokaa| yahA~para yaha na bhUlanA cAhiye ki isa bhUmikAmeM donoM vAdoMko mokSa to mAnya thA hii| isIlie pariNAmi-jIvatattvavAdIne apariNAmI evaM kUTastha caitanyavAdIse kahA ki tumane bhautikatAke doSase bacane ke lie kUTasthatva to mAnA, para bandha-mokSakI vyavasthA kaise . ghaTAoge ? kyoMki tumhArA puruSa to sarvathA kartRtvazUnya aura * isIlie bhoktRtvarahita honese na to vaha baddha hai aura na mukta /

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adhyAtmavicAraNA yadi bandha evaM mokSakI dRSTise sarvathA ayogya samajhA jAya aisA tattva mAnya rakhoge to vaise anupayogI tattvoMke svIkArakA koI anta hI nahIM AyagA / yadyapi kUTastha puruSavAda puruSameM Aropita bandha-mokSa mAnakara jaise-taise mana manA letA thA, para vaha kucha vAstavika samAdhAna nahIM thaa| taTastha tattvajJa aisA to samajhate the ki kUTastha puruSakI kalpanAke sAtha vAstavika bandha-mokSa na ghaTA sakanekI kSati saMkalita hai hii| isI prakAra aise tattvajJoMko pariNAmI tathA saMkoca-vistArazIla jIva yA cetanatattva mAnane meM bhautikatAkA doSa bhI dikhAI par3atA thaa| ina saba kAraNoMse aise tattvajJoMne jIva, AtmA yA cetanake svarUpakI eka naI hI kalpanA kI / isa kalpanAkA mUla aura mukhya uddezya kUTastha evaM pariNAmI cetanavAdameM AnevAle doSoMse mukti prApta karanA yaha thaa| ataH unhoMne ina donoM vAdoMdvArA sammata bhinna-bhinna svarUpoMkA mizraNa karake tIsare eka naye AtmavAdakI hI sRSTi tattvajJAnameM kI, jo isa prakAra hai___ yaha sahI hai ki AtmA svataHsiddha tathA dehabhedase bhinna hai, aura yaha bhI saca hai ki vaha apariNAmI va kUTastha hone ke atirikta vibhu bhI hai, phira bhI usameM kartRtva evaM bhoktRtva bhI vAstavika hai aura isIlie usameM bandha aura mokSa bhI vAstavika taurapara hI ghaTamAna haiM / bandha-mokSa vAstavika honekI vajahase kUTastha evaM vibhu AtmAmeM bhI jJAna-sukha-duHkha-puNya-pApa Adi bhAva vastutaH utpanna evaM vinaSTa hote haiN| yaha nayA AtmavAda hI vaizeSika darzanakI vizeSatA hai| kAlAntarameM vaizeSika darzanake samAnataMtra mAne jAnevAle nyAyadarzana tathA prAcIna mImAMsAdarzanako bhI yahI AtmavAda mAnya huA hai| vaizeSika tattvacintakoMne jJAna-sukha-duHkha-puNya-pApa Adi

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zrAtmatattva 36 bhAva athavA guNoMkI utpatti aura nAza AtmAmeM maanaa| isase sahaja hI aisI zaMkA uTha sakatI hai ki yadi aisA hai to phira vaise AtmAko kUTastha kaise kaha sakate haiM ? ina bhAvoMke utpAda-vinAzake sAtha hI inake AdhArabhUta AtmAkA svarUpa bhI kucha-na-kucha badalegA hI / yadi vaha badale to AtmAke kUTasthatvakA bhaMga hotA hai aura vaha pariNAmI ho jAtA hai| isa prakArakI kisI bhI zaMkAke lie sthAna na rahe isa dRSTise unhoMne AtmA tathA usake bhAva yA guNoMke bIca bhedasambandha maanaa| AtmAmeM ve bhAva haiM. to sahI, parantu ve usase sarvathA bhinna haiN| ataH guNoMkA utpAdavinAza honepara bhI AtmAkA usake sAtha koI lagAva nahIM hai| vaha to kUTasthakA kUTastha hI rahatA hai| isa taraha abataka sAmAnyataH guNa-guNI evaM dharma-dharmIke bIca jo eka prakArakA abheda sambandha mAnA jAtA thA usake sthAnameM vaizeSika cintakoMne bhedasambandhakI kalpanA karake apane pakSapara AnevAle doSoMkA nivAraNa kiyaa| isa prakAra unakA vAda bhI dArzanika cintanakSetra meM praviSTa huA aura rUr3ha bhI huaa| vastutaH pradhAnAdvaitavAdameMse . kAlakramase phalita honevAle uparyukta do vAdoMke arthAt jaina evaM sAMkhyake samanvayake rUpase hI yaha tIsarA vaizeSikasammata vAda astitva meM AyA hai| aba Atmatattva ke bAremeM bauddhadarzanakA kyA mata hai yaha bhI hama dekheN| sAmAnyatayA sAdhAraNa janatA aura bahuta bAra to vidvAn taka aisA samajhate aura kahate haiM ki buddha anAtmavAdI the aura bauddhadarzana Atmatattvako nahIM maantaa| aisI samajha aura aisA kathana eka tarahase bhrAnta hai / buddha svayaM aura unake samakAlIna yA uttarakAlIna ziSyoMmeMse koI bhI punarjanmakA inakAra nahIM karatA; balki saca to yaha hai ki samagra bauddhaparamparAkA nirmANa

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40 adhyAtmavicAraNA punarjanma, karmatattva evaM bandha-mokSake Upara hI huA hai| kuzalaakuzala karma ke anusAra koI bhI vyakti dehavilayake pazcAt nayA janma dhAraNa karatA hai, aura zIla, samAdhi evaM prajJAkI sAdhanA dvArA nirvANa prApta karatA hai-yaha bauddhadarzanakA pahalese Aja. taka nirvivAda siddhAnta rahA hai aura yaha siddhAnta Atmatattvake svIkArapara hI avalambita hai| aisI dazAmeM bauddhadarzanako, jaisA Ama taurapara samajhA jAtA hai, anAtmavAdI darzana nahIM kaha sakate / hA~, itanA jarUra hai ki svayaM buddha aura unake ziSya Atmatattva mAnanepara bhI usake lie AtmA zabdakA prayoga nahIM karate the aura kUTasthavAdiyoMkI bhA~ti ve usa tattvako zAzvata yA kUTastha bhI nahIM mAnate the / jo Atmatattvako kUTastha mAnate the aura jo isI arthameM 'AtmA' zabdakA vyavahAra mukhya rUpase karate the unhoMne bauddhadarzanakI bhinna vRtti aura rukha dekhakara use apanI dRSTise anAtmavAdI kahA ora AtmavAdakI jamI huI pratiSThAkA upayoga karake use nIcA dikhAnekA prayatna kiyA-vastutaH isameM itanA hI satya hai / apane jaisI mAnyatA na rakhanevAleko nAstika kahanekA jo avicArI rivAja-sA cala par3A hai usake jaisI yaha bAta hai / anyathA bauddhadarzana bhI itara punarjanmavAdI darzanoMkI bhA~ti AtmavAdI hI hai| phira bhale hI vaha 'AtmA' zabdakA prayoga sakAraNa na kare athavA usakA inakAra kre| bauddhadarzanameM Atmatattvake lie bhinna-bhinna sthAnoMpara aura bhinna-bhinna samayameM gauNa-mukhya bhAvase aneka zabda prayukta hue haiM; jaisA ki-'puggala, purisa, satta, jIva, citta, mana, vijJAna 1 sabbe sattA averA "sambe pANA' 'sabbe bhUtA'"sabbe pugglaa"| -paTisaMbhidA 2. 130 aura visuddhimagga 6.6

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prAramatattva 41 Adi / bauddhaparamparAmeM 'nAma-rUpa' yaha zabdayugala bahuta pracalita hai| sAdhAraNa loga tathA kucha dArzanika bhI 'nAma-rUpa' meM Aye hue 'nAma' kA jo artha karate haiM' vaha bauddhaparamparAko abhipreta nahIM hai| bauddhaparamparAke anusAra nAma arthAt rUpakA pratidvandvI tattva / bauddhaparamparA 'rUpa' kA artha kevala netragrAhya zveta Adi rUpa na karake usakA vizAla artha karatI hai| usake matake anusAra sUkSma-sthUla sabhI bhautika padArtha 'rUpa' zabdake arthameM samAviSTa hote haiN| ataH usake matase 'nAma' ke arthameM abhautika vastukA hI samAveza hotA hai| isIlie to 'nAma' ko arUpI skandha kahA hai aura usake arthavistArameM vedanA, vijJAna, saMjJA aura saMskAra ina cAra skandhoMkA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / bauddhaparamparAne 'nAma' padase jisa arthakI vivakSA kI hai vahI artha use Atmatattvake rUpase abhipreta hai aura vahI vastu 'citta' yA 'mana' zabdase bhI vyavahRta hotI hai| aisA jAna par3atA hai ki bauddhaparamparAne nAmakA ( nAma-rUpa yugalameM ) jo atha mAnya rakhA hai vaha prAcIna upaniSadoMmeM prayukta 'nAma-rUpa' meM Aye hue 'nAma' padake arthakI apekSA kucha bhinna hai| jar3a yA bAhya jagatse bhinna sajIva antastattva hI kabhI 'nAma' zabdase vyavahRta hotA thaa| jisa prakAra jaina-darzanameM jIva-ajIva yA cetana-jar3a aura sAMkhya Adi darzanoM meM prakRti-puruSa Adi paraspara viruddhaguNa-dharmavAle do tattva mAne gaye haiM, usI prakAra bauddhadarzana bhI nAma aura rUpa zabdase vaise hI do paraspara virodhI tattvoMko svIkAra karatA hai| inameM jo nAmatattva hai vahI punarjanma dhAraNa karanevAlA aura vikAsakramake anusAra nirvANa prApta karanevAlA 1 udAharaNArtha dekho brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASyaparakI ratnaprabhA TIkA 2. 2. 16 /

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42 adhyAtmavicAraNA tattva hai / ataeva aisA kahanA cAhiye ki bauddhadarzanane 'nAma' zabdase AtmatattvasthAnIya cetanatattvakA svIkAra kiyA hai / isaparase phalita yahI hotA hai ki bauddhadarzanako cetanavAdI hI kahanA cAhiye | aba hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki bauddhadarzanane 'nAma' zabdadvArA jo sajIva yA sacetana amUrta tattva svIkAra kiyA hai usakA svarUpa vaha kaisA mAnatA hai ? bauddhapiTakoMke prAcIna bhAga tathA abhidharmakI mAnyatAko dekhane se aisA spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki bauddhadarzana nAma athavA citta-tattvako kUTastha to nahIM mAnatA, para sAtha hI mAtra kSaraNajIvI bhI nahIM mAnatA / " vaha nAma athavA citta-tattvako utpAda, nAza evaM sthiti - isa prakAra trirUpa mAnatA hai / buddha na to zAzvatavAdI haiM aura na ucchedavAdI; ataH ve jisa prakAra tattvako kUTastha nahIM mAnate the usI prakAra nirmUla vinazvara bhI nahIM mAnate the / unakA vicAra evaM AcAramArga madhyama hai | ve vibhajyavAdI haiM; ataH unhoMne utpAda - vinAza aura sthiti svIkAra kara nAma yA citta-tattva meM madhyama mArga ghaTAyA ho to yaha svAbhAvika hai / isa taraha yadi hama dekheM to bauddhasammata nAmatattva jainasammata jIvatattva jaisA hI pariNAmI siddha hotA hai aura sAMkhyasammata prakRti tattvakI bhA~ti hI vaha bhI pariNAminitya hai / aisI spaSTa prarUpaNA evaM mAnyatA honepara bhI bauddhadarzanako kSaNikavAdI kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? - yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / 1 tiNImAni bhikkhave saMkhatassa saMkhatalakkhaNAni uppAdo paJJAyati vayo paJJayati Thitassa zraJJathattaM paJJAyati / - aMguttaranikAya, tikanipAta uppAdaThitibhaMgavasena khaNattayaM ekacittakkhaNaM nAma / - zrabhidhammaTThasaMgaho 4.8 ...

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prAramatattva 43 isa bAre meM hama vicAra kareM usase pahale bauddhadarzanasammata nAmatattva yA cittatattvakI mAnyatA kisa prAcIna mAnyatAmeMse lI gaI hai athavA kisase alaga par3atI hai-isapara hama saMkSepameM vicAra kara leN| itihAsajJa jAnate haiM ki buddha svayaM zramaNamArgI the aura unake AcAra-vicArakA udgama tathA vikAsa prAyaH prAcIna sAMkhya tathA jainadarzanakI bhUmikApara huA hai| prAcIna sAMkhya prakRtijanya sattvapradhAna buddhitattvako hI jJAna-ajJAna, dharma-adharma Adi bhAvoMkA AdhAra mAnakara usIko punarjanmavAn aura anta meM mokSagAmI mAnate the| pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki sAMkhyakI isa vicArabhUmikAke samaya hI jainadarzanake jIvatattvane svataHsiddha svataMtra tattvake taurapara sthAna liyaa| yadyapi sAMkhyadarzanane Age jAkara isa prAcIna sattva yA jIvase bhinna kUTastha puruSoMkI kalpanA kI, para isa kalpanAmeM jainadarzana sammata na huA aura apanI pUrvabhUmikAse hI vaha cipakA rhaa| isaparase spaSTa hotA hai ki kUTastha-puruSavAdI sAMkhyabhUmikAke sthira honepara bhI usa samaya usameM prAcIna sattva yA buddhitattvakI mAnyatA cAlU hI thI; yadyapi aba usa tattvane cetanakA sthAna chor3akara usake upakAraka sUkSma AtivAhika liMgazarIrakA sthAna le liyA thA, jaba ki jainadarzanameM usa tattvane cetana yA AtmatattvakA hI sthAna TikAye rkhaa| bauddhadarzana kUTasthavAda svIkAra nahIM karatA, ataH sAMkhyadarzanasammata kUTasthapuruSavAdakI bhUmikAko to vaha mAna sake aisA thA hI nhiiN| ataeva usane jainadarzanasammata svataMtra athavA svataHsiddha jIvatattvakI bhUmikA mAnya rakhakara 'nAma' zabdase mukhyataH svataHsiddha jIva, sattva Adi zabdoMse ullikhita evaM vyavahRta tattvako apane darzanameM sthAna diyA / bauddhadarzanasammata 'nAma' tattva utpAda, vyaya evaM sthitizIla honese mUlameM pariNAmI hai aura avibhu bhI hai|

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44 adhyAtmavicAraNA yaha dekhate hue isa bAre meM tanika bhI zaMkAke lie avakAza nahIM rahatA ki bauddhadarzanakA 'nAma' tattvaviSayaka siddhAnta vastutaH sAMkhyake prakRtijanya buddhitattva athavA jainake svataHsiddha jIvatattvasambandhI mAnyatAmeMse hI phalita huA hai / dhruva, nitya, zAzvata aura sthira Adi zabda jaise prAcIna haiM vaise samAnArthaka bhI haiN| jo kAlakramameM TikAU ho, sadA sat yA vidyamAna ho usIkA dhruva, nitya Adi zabdoMse vyavahAra hotA thaa| vicArakI isa bhUmikAmeM dhruva, sadA sat yA zAzvata tattvameM kisI tarahakA parivartana hotA hI nahIM aura vaha jisa taraha kAlakramameM sadA sat hai usI taraha bhItara aura bAharase aparivatiSNu bhI hai-aisI mAnyatAko sthAna nahIM milA thaa| para hama pahale dekha cuke haiM ki sAMkhyadarzanane prakRtise bhinna puruSatattva mAnakara use kUTastha bhI mAnA taba nityatva, sadAsattva yA zAzvatatvake sAtha bhItara aura bAharase aparivartiSNutA bhI jur3I aura aisA mAnA jAne lagA ki jo kUTastha hai vaha kAlakramameM sadA vidyamAna rahatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, para vaha apane Apase yA dUsare kisIke saMsargase bhI parivartita nahIM ho sktaa| pUrvakAlameM pracalita nityatvakI kalpanAmeM kUTasthatAkA samAveza honepara aba nityatvakI kalpanA do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta huI-eka kUTastha nitya aura dUsarI isakI virodhI pariNAmi-nitya / sAMkhyadarzanameM pahalI kalpanA puruSataka maryAdita rahI aura dUsarI kalpanA pahale hI se jaise pradhAna yA prakRti-tattvako lAgU hotI thI vaise hI cAlU rhii| jainadarzanane kUTasthanityatvavAdakA virodha kiyaa| vaha jar3a evaM cetana sabhI tattvoMmeM pariNAmitvakI kalpanAkA samarthana karane lagA / isa prakAra dArzanika vicArapradezameM nitya zabdake arthake bAremeM mukhya rUpase paraspara virodhI do pakSa astitvameM Aye /

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mAtmatattva 45 dUsarI bAtoMmeM bauddhadarzana prAcIna jaina-mAnyatAse cAhe jitanA alaga-sA par3a gayA ho, para prArambhameM vaha nityatvake svarUpake bAremeM jainadarzana ke sAtha ekamata thaa| parantu kramazaH isa sthitimeM parivartana hotA gayA / jaina aura bauddha donoM darzana puruSa kUTasthatAkA prativAda to karate hI the, para ve nyAya-vaizeSikasammata jAtinityatA athavA jAtikUTasthatAvAdakA bhI virodha karane lge| yaha khaNDana maNDanakI praNAlI tarka aura mukhyataH vikalpAvalambI thii| tarka jyoM jyoM adhikAdhika sUkSma banate gaye aura vikalpoMkA jAla bhI jyoM-jyoM uttarottara adhikAdhika phailatA gayA tyoM-tyoM yaha yA vaha pakSa, virodhIkA dRSTibindu yathAvat grahaNa karaneke badale, yena kena prakAreNa usake khaNDanameM hI rasa lene lgaa| isase bahuta bAra to vaha pratipakSIke abhipreta arthako eka ora rakhakara vikalpadvArA apane hI kalpita yA mAne hue arthakA prativAda karane lgtaa| isakA eka vinodapUrNa evaM rocaka udAharaNa yaha hai ki sAMkhyadarzana pradhAnatattvako pariNAmi nitya mAnatA hai aura isalie usameM eka kSaNake lie bhI parivartita na ho aisA sthirAMza nahIM maantaa| vaha usa tattvako jo nitya kahatA thA vaha to usakI prAvAhikatAke kAraNa, kyoMki parivartita honepara bhI vaha tattva pravAharUpase to sarvadA rahatA hI hai| parantu vizleSaNapradhAna bauddhadarzanane nyAyavaizeSikasammata jAti athavA sAmAnyakI kUTasthatAkA khaNDana vikalpoMdvArA kiyA taba usane sAMkhyasammata prakRtivAdakI bhI samIkSA zurU kI aura sAMkhyako abhipreta nahIM aisA prakRtikA nyAya-vaizeSikasammata sAmAnya jaisA kucha artha karake usakA bhI prativAda kiyA aura aisA siddha kiyA ki sAMkhyasammata pradhAnatattva bhI yuktibAhya hai / bauddhadarzanane apanI kapolakalpanAse prakRtikI jo sthiratA mAna lI thI usakA prativAda prakRtike

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adhyAtmavicAraNA pratikSaNa utpanna yA AvirbhUta honevAle kSaNavinazvara pariNAmoMkI satyatAkA Azraya lekara kiyaa| isase virodhI pakSoMne bauddhoMpara kSaNavAditA athavA niranvayanAzavAditAkA Aropa lgaayaa| sAMkhyadarzanasammata prakRtitattvako sthira mAnane-manAne meM jitane aMzameM bauddhadarzana ekAMgI thA-bhrAnta thA utane hI aMzameM bauddhadarzanako niranvayanAzavAdI yA kevala kSaNikavAdI kahanevAle bhI ekAMgI aura bhrAnta the| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jisa taraha pariNAmi-nityatAvAdI kAlakramakI dRSTise sarvadA vidyamAna tattvako bhI pratikSaNa parivartanazIla mAnate the aura kisI bhI tarahase parivartita na ho aisA nahIM mAnate the, usI taraha tathAkathita niranvayanAzavAdI bauddha bhI pratikSaNa naye naye utpanna vinazvara bhAvoMkI eka abhedya svataHsiddha santati mAnate the / bauddhasammata kSaNika bhAva santaticyuta nahIM haiM / aura santatise matalaba hai kAlakramameM bhAvoMkA sAtatya / santati zabdase jo abhipreta hai vahI sAMkhya evaM jainadarzanako pariNAmi-nitya zabdameM Aye hue 'nitya' padase abhipreta hai| ataeva hama kaha sakate haiM ki tattvataH santati nityatA aura pariNAmi-nityatA eka hI hai| donoMke bIca jo bheda bhAsita hotA hai vaha khaNDana-maNDanakI praNAlikAdvArA bichAye gaye vikalpoMke jAlakI vajahase hI / tathAgata buddhakI vicArazailI mUlase hI vizleSaNapradhAna thii| vaha buddhi evaM prajJAse vicAraNIya vastumAtrakA itanA bArIka aura gaharA pRthakkaraNa karate the ki bahuta bAra to vaha tattva deza va kAlake avibhAjya sUkSmatama aMzameM maryAdita ho jAtA thaa| unake tArkika ziSyoMne isa zailIkA behada vikAsa kiyaa| isa vajahase unake vicArapradezameM pratyeka vastu daizika evaM kAlika avibhAjya

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zrAtmatattva 47 ikAI jaisI bana gaI aura ve svayaM santati mAnanepara bhI na mAnate hoM aise AbhAsa yA bhrAnti meM par3a gaye / isase unakA vAda 'kSaNikavAda' ke nAma se prasiddha huA / vizleSaNakI sUkSmatAkA yaza bhale hI bauddhoM ko mile, para vastutaH ve pariNAmi nityatAvAdI hI haiM aura isIlie ve sAMkhya evaM jainadarzanasammata pariNAmi nityatAvAdase judA nahIM par3ate, socane para aisA pratIta hotA hai / jainadarzana meM dravya evaM paryAya ye do zabda prasiddha haiM / sAmAnyataH bauddha jaise prativAdI hI nahIM, svayaM jaina bhI, mAno paryAyoMmeM anusyUta eka sthira tattva ho isa taraha dravyakI kalpanA karate haiM / yaha bhI eka bhrAnti hai / dravya zabda meM 'dru' dhAtu hai / usakA artha hai dravita honA - bahanA / isa taraha dravyakA artha huA pravAha / kAlameM jo bahatA rahe vaha dravya / yahI artha santati aura santAna zabdoMse sUcita hotA hai / jo kAlapaTa ke vistAra ke sAtha hI phailatA yA vistRta hotA rahe athavA bIcameM vicchinna hue binA nirantara sAtatyakA anubhava karatA rahe vaha tattva santAna kahalAtA hai / ataH jainadarzana dravya zabda pasanda kare yA bauddhadarzana santAna zabda pasanda kare athavA donoM nitya zabda pasanda kareM, isase tAtparya meM z2arA bhI farka nahIM par3atA / udayana nyAyakusumAJjali meM 'pravAho'nAdimAneSaH' (kA0 6 ) aisA jo kahatA hai vaha yahI vastu hai / jisane bauddhadarzanako sarvaprathama niranvaya nAzavAdI kahA usane aisA mAna liyA hogA ki pUrvApara kSaNoMke bIca bauddha koI anvayI ( sthira ) tattva to mAnate hI nahIM, to phira nirAdhAra kSaNa kaise utpanna ho sakate haiM ? parantu hameM to yaha socanA cAhiye ki svayaM bauddha bhI jar3a-cetanakI nAnA santatiyA~ anAdisiddha mAnate haiM, ataH anvaya nahIM hai aisA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? para saca to yaha hai ki bauddha tArkika nityatAvAda ke khaNDanake Avezase "

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48 adhyAtmavicAraNA itane adhika raMge hue the ki ve svayaM svAbhipreta santatikI sattA mAnanese hicakicAte the, aura isIlie unako mAnyatAmAtra kSaNajIvI-kSaNavinazvara bhAvoM taka hI sImita rhtii| isI kAraNa ve kSaNavAdI samajhe gaye / sAMkhyasammata buddhitattva meM sukha, jJAna, dharma Adi bhAva mAne gaye haiN| jainasammata jIvatattvameM caitanya, vIrya Adi guNa yA zaktiyA~ aura unake kArya arthAt paryAya mAne gaye haiN| nyAya-vaizeSikasammata AtmatattvameM jJAna, sukha, prayatna, dharma Adi guNa svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| isI prakAra bauddhadarzanasammata nAmatattvameM vedanA vijJAna, saMjJA aura saMskAra skandhoMkI mAnyatA hai / yahA~para skandha arthAt aMza / ye aMza kevala kalpanAse hI bhinna haiM; vastutaH ve paraspara avibhAjya honese sahabhU evaM sahabhAvI haiN| yaha saMkSipta tulanA itanA jAnane ke lie paryApta hogI ki sampradAya evaM darzanabhedase Atmatattvake svarUpakI mAnyatA cAhe jitanI vibhakta kyoM na huI ho, para sabhI darzana bhinna-bhinna zabdoMkA prayoga karane ke bAvajUda bhI antataH eka maulika samAna bhUmikApara hI Akara Thahare haiN| - yahA~para prasaMgavaza yaha bhI jAnanA z2arUrI hai ki sAMkhyake prakRti-bhinna kUTastha evaM bahupuruSavAdane Age jAkara jisa taraha puruSA dvaita tathA brahmAdvaitakA rUpa grahaNa kiyA aura isake pariNAmasvarUpa mAyAvAda astitvameM AyA, usI taraha bauddhasammata nAmarUpavAda bhI kAlAntarameM kevala nAmavAda arthAt vijJAnavAdarUpase pratiSThita huA aura vijJAnase bhinna 'rUpa' ke vAstavika astitvake. inakAra meM pariNata huA / vijJAnAdvaitakI brahmAdvaitake Upara chApa hai yA brahmAdvaitakI vijJAnAdvaitake Upara chApa hai ?-yaha prazna vicAraNIya honepara bhI yahA~para isake bAremeM vistAra na karake ina donoM advaitoMke tAratamyapara prakAza DAlanA vizeSa upayukta hogaa|

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zrAtmatattva ___ yaha sahI hai ki vijJAnAdvaitameM vijJAnabAhya rUpa jaisA koI vAstavika tattva nahIM hai, para isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki vijJAnasantati eka hI ho| vaisI santatiyA~ ananta haiM aura ve kSaNabhedase utpanna vinaSTa hotI rahatI haiM / brahmAdvaita kUTastha evaM vyApaka eka hI brahmatattvako mAnakara bhedamAtrako mAyika arthAt avidyAmUlaka mAnatA hai jaba ki vijJAnAdvaita vijJAnakI santatiyoMke athavA kSaNabhedase utpanna-vinaSTa honevAle vijJAnoMke bhedoMko mAyika nahIM maantaa| vaha kevala vijJAnase bhinna mAne jAnevAle rUpa yA mUrta tattvakI bAhyatAko sAMvRta-mithyA-Avidyaka mAnatA hai| tattvajJAnameM mukhyataH jIva, jagat evaM Izvara-ina tIna tattvoMke AdhArapara vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / isa vicArameM mukhyataH kabhI abhedadRSTi to kabhI bhedadRSTikA avalambana liyA jAtA hai| ina bheda evaM abheda-dRSTiyoMmeMse phalita honevAlI bhedAbheda, kathaMcid bheda jaisI anya dRSTiyoMko bhI tattvajJAnameM sthAna milA hai| yahA~ taka minna-bhinna paramparAoM meM paryavasita AtmatattvasambandhI vicArakA aitihAsika evaM tAttvika dRSTise nirUpaNa huaa| aba Atmatattvake sAtha eka athavA dUsare prakArase jisakA atyanta nikaTakA sambandha hai usa paramAtmatattvake viSayameM vicAra karanA prasaMgopAtta hai|

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paramAtmatatva [ 2 ] paramAtmA, paramapuruSa, puruSavizeSa, puruSottama, Izvara, brahmaye saba prAyaH paryAyavAcI zabda haiM aura jIva, AtmA yA cetana jaise zabdoMse pratipAdita tattvake svarUpakI apekSA koI ucca yA zreSTha aura bhavya aise anupama svarUpakA khyAla inase AtA hai / jar3a jagatkI apekSA cetana jagatkI bhinnatAkA vicAra jaise - jaise spaSTa hotA gayA vaise-vaise cetana jagat meM bhI sAmAnya cetanakI apekSA ucca prakArakA parama cetanatattva hai athavA honA cAhiye aisA vicAra jora pakar3atA gayA / paramAtmA, paramezvara, paramabrahma yA paramadeva zabda se pahacAne aura samajhe jAnevAle tathA pUje aura dhyAna kiye jAnevAle paramatattvakI Aja jo jIvita kalpanAe~ aura mAnyatAe~ hamAre samakSa haiM vahA~taka pahu~canekI vicArayAtrA karanemeM mAnava-mAnasako haz2AroM varSa lage haiM / isa lambI aura jaTila yAtrAmeM usane aneka par3Ava kiye haiM aura aneka sthAnoMpara vizrAma liyA hai / yaha sahI hai ki isa samaya yAtrAkA byorese likhA huA itihAsa upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu Aja hamAre pAsa jitanA sAhitya hai usameM bhI isa vicArayAtrAkA kramavikAsa jAnanekI sAmagrI pracura mAtrA meM bikharI par3I hai aura vaha spaSTa bhI hai / isake atirikta isa vicArayAtrA ke kisI-kisI pahalukA ullekha sAhitya meM yadi upalabdha nahIM hotA to vaha jIvita lokadharmameMse athavA vizvake kisI aparicita yA alpaparicita konemeM surakSita dhArmika mAnyatA evaM AcArameMse bhI prApta ho sakatA hai /

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paramAtmatattva 51 bAlaka ke mAnasika vikAsakI bhA~ti mAnavajAtike mAnasakA bhI kramavikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| isa vikAsakI tIna bhUmikAe~ haiM-bahirmukha, antarmukha aura Urdhvamukha yA sarvatomukha' / dharma evaM usake sAtha anivArya rUpase saMkalita deva, adhideva devAdhideva aura paramAtmAke svarUpake bAremeM, mAnavamAnasakI vikAsa bhUmikA ke anusAra, uttarottara naye-naye vicAra hote rahe haiM / ina naye-naye vicAroMke kAraNa naI-naI mAnyatAe~ bhI sthira huI haiM / bahuta bAra aisA bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki bAdakI bhUmikA meMse niSpanna dhArmika tathA IzvarasambandhI mAnyatAe~ pracalita hoM aise maNDaloM yA vartuloMmeM bhI pUrvakAlIna bhUmikAmeM se paidA hue yA ba~dhe hue vicAra aura mAnyatAe~ bhI surakSita rahI haiM / Izvara yA paramAtmAviSayaka sabhI jJAta matoMko sAmAnyataH dhyAna meM rakhakara unakA rukha jA~ce to pahalI bAta yaha naz2ara meM AtI hai ki Izvara ke svarUpase sambaddha vicAra bhedadRSTimeM se zurU hokara uttarottara abhedadRSTikI ora hI Age bar3he haiN| bhedadRSTimeM jIva aura prAkRtika tattvoMkA bheda, prAkRtika ghaTanAoM aura unake preraka devoMkA bheda, aneka devoMkA pArasparika bheda aura devoM tathA paramadeva paramAtmAkA bheda - - isa taraha aneka - vidha bhedoMkA samAveza hotA hai; jaba ki abhedadRSTimeM prAkRtika dRzya evaM ghaTanAoM aura unake preraka devoMke bIca kA bheda lupta ho jAtA hai, aneka devoMke bIcakA pArasparika bheda bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / vaha yahA~taka ki antataH jIva aura paramAtmA ke bIca kA bheda bhI 1. eDavarDa kerDa nAmaka eka vidvAnne dharmake vikAsakI tIna bhUmikAe~ nizcita kI haiN| vaha kahatA hai ki - " We look out before we look in; and we look in before we look up." -- hindU vedadharma, pR0 15

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52 zradhyAtmavicAraNA lupta hokara mAtra chAyArUpa raha jAtA hai, aura prAkRtika jagat bhI eka aisA chAyArUpa hI samajhA jAne lagatA hai / : mAnavIya mAnasa bahirmukha bhUmikAse gujarakara jitane aMzameM antarmukha hotA gayA utane aMzameM abhedadRSTikA vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai, aura vaha jaise-jaise adhika antarmukha hotA gayA vaisevaise usakI abhedadRSTimeM bhI vistAra aura vikAsa hotA gayA hai / jaba usane sabase U~cI Urdhvamukha yA sarvatomukha bhUmikA meM praveza kiyA taba to usane prAyaH bhedadRSTikA lopa hI kara DAlA aura abhedadRSTike naye-naye zikharoMpara apanI vijayapatAkA phaharAI | isake sAtha hI sAtha dUsarI bhI dhyAna deneyogya bAta yaha hai ki vikAsakI bahirmukha bhUmikAke samaya manuSya deva yA devoMko jisa bhAvanAse mAnatA yA pUjatA thA vaha bhAvanA, usake mAnasakI antarmukha sthiti ke samaya kucha parivartita hotI hai aura Urdhvamukha sthitike samaya to yaha parivartana bahuta bar3A rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai / manuSya prArambhameM devako sarjanakA kartA mAnakara pUjatA / bAdameM usameM kartRtvaka bhAvanAke sAtha-sAtha nyAyakartA kI bhAvanAkA bhI samAveza huA; arthAt deva sRSTikA kartA hai itanA hI nahIM, para vaha jIvoMko nyAyamArgapara prerita karanevAlA honese unake sukRta- duSkRta ke anusAra acche-bure phala bhI detA hai / saMkSepa meM kahanA ho to aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki deva jIvoMkA nItiniyAmaka hai / jaba mAnava-mana isase bhI adhika antarmukha aura kucha Urdhvamukha banA taba usane deva yA paramAtmAko kartA yA nItiniyAmaka rUpase na dekhakara mAtra sAkSI rUpase dekhane, upAsanA karane aura dhyAna dharanekI vRtti apanAI / UrdhvamukhatAkI bhUmikA meM jaise-jaise vaha Age bar3hatA gayA vaise-vaise usane usa paramAtmAko bhinna yA sAkSIrUpa mAnaneke badale usakA abhinna

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53 svarUpa dekhA; aura svataMtra paramAtmA bhinnatva evaM sAkSItvakI sthiti meM se eka ora jIva aura jagat ke sAtha abhinna svarUpameM paryavasita huA, to dUsarI ora svataMtra jIva hI paramAtmarUpa dekhe jAne lge| sArAMza yaha ki eka ora abhedadRSTike vikAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa paramAtmA yA parabrahmarUpa eka hI tattva vAstavika mAnA gayA aura usameM jIvoMkA evaM jagat takakA astitva lupta ho gayA, to dUsarI ora bahuAtmavAdakI mAnyatAmeM aneka AtmAoMkA svataMtra astitva mAne jAnepara bhI ve AtmA paramAtmasvarUpa yA parabrahmasvarUpa mAne gaye / pahale abheda meM jIva paramAtmAmeM vilIna ho gaye, to dUsare abheda meM jIvoMmeM hI paramAtmA samA gayA / paramAtmatattva prakRti yA nisarga pUjAmeMse zurU hokara paramAtmAkI dhyAnopAsanA meM paryavasAna pAnevAlI mAnavIya mAnasakI vicArayAtrA mukhya rUpa se upalabdha vaidika, bauddha aura jaina granthoMmeM dRSTigocara hotI hai| vaidika vAGmaya meM vedoM aura upaniSadoMkA, unameM bhI RgvedakA sthAna aneka dRSTise mahattvakA hai| Rgvedake prArambhika starase lekara upaniSad ke antima stara taka meM isa samagra vicArayAtrAkA citra atyanta uThAvadAra aura asandigdha rUpase Alikhita hai| Rgveda meM sUrya, candra, uSas, agni, vAyu Adi prAkRtika'tattva unakI mahattA evaM adbhutatA ke kAraNa mAne jAte haiM, unakI stuti hotI hai aura ve pUje bhI jAte haiM, para sAtha hI una tatvoMkI mahattAkI preraka zaktirUpase aneka deva astitvameM Ate haiM aura ve deva hI usa-usa prAkRtika ghaTanAke kartA mAne jAte haiM / yaha bhUmikA anekadevavAda kI hai isameM dhIre-dhIre sudhAra aura parivartana hotA hai / anekadevavAdameM eka-eka deva usa usa mAnavasamUha meM mAnA jAtA thA aura usakI pUjA bhI hotI thI, para ve

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adhyAtmavicAraNA mAnavasamUha jaise-jaise eka dUsareke naz2adIka Ate gaye vaise vaise una devoMkI mAnyatAkA dAyarA bhI vistRta hotA gayA tathA usameM rUpAntara bhI hotA gyaa| kabhI aneka devoMkI sAtha hI aura samAna bhAvase pUjA va stuti hotI hai, to kabhI unameMse eka-eka bArI-bArIse pradhAna banakara dUsare usa samayake lie gauNa bana jAte haiM / inameMse antataH eka hI deva bAkI rahatA hai aura dUsare deva usameM samA jAte haiM / yaha eka deva hI usa samaya paramAtmA hai; aura yahI hiraNyagarbha, vizvakarmA, prajApati jaise nAmase vyavahRta huA hai / brAhmaNa aura upaniSadoMmeM ekadevake rUpameM prajApati hI zeSa rahatA hai| alabattA, kabhI-kabhI isake liye svayambhU padakA bhI prayoga huA hai / yaha eka deva yA ekezvarakI mAnyatA, Age jAkara advaitakA vikAsa honepara bhI, Aja taka kAyama rahI hai / nyAya-vaizeSika darzanameM isI eka paramezvarane mahezvarakA nAma dhAraNa karake sRSTike kartRtvakA tathA puNya-pApake niyAmakatvakA pada surakSita rakhA hai, to vaiSNava-paramparAoMmeM isane puruSottama, vAsudeva yA nArAyaNake nAmase yaha sthAna banAye rakhA hai / sezvara sAMkhya yA yogazAstra meM isane puruSavizeSa yA Izvarake nAmase yaha sthAna kAyama rakhA hai| yaha puruSavizeSa kartA yA nyAyadAtA miTakara sAkSIrUpa banA rahatA hai, jo sAMkhya tattvajJAnakI puruSaviSayaka kUTasthanityatvakI mAnyatAke sAtha saMgata hai| . parantu, sRSTikA kartA aura nItikA niyAmaka tathA sRSTi nIti ubhayakA sAkSIrUpa eka svatantra paramAtmA hai aisI mAnyatA bhI bhinna-bhinna paramparAoMmeM eka yA dUsare rUpase dRr3hamUla honepara bhI usake sAmane eka adhika sUkSma aura adhika UrdhvagAmI mAnyatA bhI astitvameM AtI hai, jisakI Rgvedake kaI sUktoMmeM jhA~kI milatI hai aura jo upaniSadoMke kaI bhAgoMmeM bahuta spaSTa hai tathA

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paramAtmatattva zaMkarAcArya jaise praur3ha AcAryoMne jisa mAnyatAko adbhuta rUpase pallavita evaM puSpita karake samajhAyA aura ghaTAyA bhI hai| yaha mAnyatA arthAt jIva yA jagatse bhinna koI eka paramAtmatattvako svIkAra na karanA, kintu bhautika vizva aura usase para sarvatra vyApta eka saccidAnandarUpa parabrahma hI vAstavika hai, vahI antima hai aura vahI saba kucha hai aisA mAnanA / isa akhaNDa parabrahmakI mAnyatAmeM na to deza-kAlakA bheda vAstavika rahatA hai aura na jIvAtmAoMkA pArasparika pRthaktva evaM bhinnatva hI vAstavika rahate haiM / isa prakAra RgvedameM dikhAI denevAlI nisargapUjA anekadevavAda, kramapradhAnadevavAda, ekadevavAda aura antameM parabrahmavAdameM paryavasita hotI hai| ina vibhinna vAdoMmeMse isa samaya ekezvaravAda aura parabrahmavAda ye do vAda hI sabhI vaidika darzanoMko, eka yA dUsare rUpase pradhAnatayA apane meM samA lete haiN| devaviSayaka dUsare prAcIna aneka vAda ina do mukhya vAdoMke AsapAsa yA to vilIna ho jAte haiM yA phira paurANika varNana jaise bane rahate haiN| ____ aba hama jaina aura bauddha-paramparAke bAremeM vicAra kareM / saba koI jAnate haiM ki ye donoM paramparAe~ mUlameM hI vaidika vAGmayako antima pramANa nahIM maantiiN| itanA hI nahIM ye vaidika vAGmayase nirapekSa hokara apane mantavyoMko sthira karatI aura sa~bhAlatI AI haiN| jaba ye donoM paramparAe~ veda, brAhmaNa aura upaniSadoMke AdhArapara vicAra na karake svatantrarUpase vicAra karatI haiM taba svAbhAvikarUpase hI inake jIva, jagat va paramAtmaviSayaka cintana aura mata bhinna hI bhUmikApara sthita hue| ___ vaidika vAGmaya aura vedAvalambI darzanoMmeM aneka deva yA eka deva pradhAna hotA hai| aneka deva usa-usa sarjanake kartA mAne jAte hoM, athavA koI vizvakarmA, prajApati jaisA eka deva samagra

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56 adhyAtma vicAraNA sarjanakA kartA mAnA jAtA ho tathA varuNa yA anya kisI nAmase deva prANiyoMke sukRta - duSkRtakA preraka athavA mAnavakA mArga - darzaka samajhA jAtA ho taba aise devoM yA devako mAnanevAlA koI bhI bhakta, upAsaka, jJAnI, karmayogI vA karmakANDI manuSya . kudaratI taurapara aneka deva yA eka devake prati gauNa banakara kiMkara yA dAsa bana jAtA hai tathA usakI kRpA aura anugraha pAne ke lie utsuka banA rahatA hai / jaina evaM bauddha paramparAmeM devoMkA sthAna hai, para ve choTe-bar3e saba deva bhautika vibhUtimeM cAhe jitane bar3e kyoM na hoM, phira bhI unakI apekSA manuSyakA sthAna bahuta utkRSTa mAnA gayA hai| jaina-bauddha donoM paramparAoMkI eka dhruva mAnyatA hai ki bAhyavibhUti evaM zArIrika zaktikI dRSTise manuSya devoMkI apekSA cAhe jitanA alpa aura kSudra kyoM na ho, para jaba vaha AdhyAtmika mArgapara Age bar3hatA hai taba bar3e se bar3e zaktizAlI deva bhI usake dAsa bana jAte haiM isa taraha vaidika paramparAmeM paramezvarakA kartA aura nItiniyAmaka rUpase jo sthAna hai usakA bauddha yA jaina- paramparAmeM koI avakAza pahale hI se nahIM thA / isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM kartA evaM nItiniyAmakake taurapara paramezvarakA koI astitva na rahanese nitya- paramezvarakA mAtra sAkSIrUpa sthAna, jo yogaparamparAmeM surakSita hai vaha bhI, nahIM rahatA / ina donoM paramparAoM meM manuSya - AdhyAtmika manuSya - sAdhanAke zikhara para pahu~cA huA manuSya hI devAdhideva yA paramAtmAkA sthAna letA hai aura vaha bhI kartA yA phaladAtA ke rUpameM nahIM, kintu mAtra Adarza upAsya ke rUpameM / / 1 vaidika paramparAmeM sarjanavyApAra Rgvedake kAlase hI do prakAra se dekhA jAtA hai / koI eka samartha deva apane se bhinna upAdAna dravya meM se vizvakI sRSTi karatA hai| yaha huI bhedadRSTi / mUlameM hI

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paramAtmatatva koI tattva aisA hai jo apane saMkalpa aura tapake balase dUsare upAdAnake binA hI apane meMse carAcara sRSTi paidA karatA haiyaha huI abheddRsstti| jaina aura bauddha donoM paramparAe~ uparyukta donoM vaidika dRSTioMko svIkAra na karake aisA mAnatI haiM ki acetana aura bhautika tattva tathA cetana sattva yA jIva mUlataH svataMtra haiM inakA sarjana koI nahIM krtaa| inameM bhI jo cetana sattva haiM una sabameM aisI zakti hai ki usake dvArA ve apanA UrdhvagAmI AdhyAtmika vikAsa sAdha sakate haiN| isa mAnyatAke Upara ina donoM paramparAoMkA dhArmika saMvidhAna yA DhA~cA nirmita honese inake mantavyake anusAra sAdhanA dvArA jo pUrNa zuddhi prApta karate haiM ve sabhI paramAtmA bana sakate haiN| unameM na koI ucca hotA hai aura na koI niic| isa taraha ina donoM paramparAoMmeM paramezvara, puruSottama yA paramAtmAse matalaba hai vAsanA aura bandhanase mukta jIva / aise sattva yA jIva aneka ho sakate haiN| ___ yahA~ vivartavAdI kevalAdvaitI brahmavAda aura jaina-paramparAke bIca paramAtmatattvake svarUpake viSayameM kyA antara hai yaha bhI jAnanA Avazyaka hai| kevalAdvaitI brahmavAdameM pAramArthika tattvarUpase ekamAtra saccidAnanda brahma hI mAnA jAtA hai, ataH yaha jo jIvabheda dikhAI par3atA hai vaha kevala aupAdhika hai| zuddha brahmasvarUpakA athavA jIvabrahmake aikyakA vAstavika jJAna hote hI jIvakA aupAdhika astitva vilIna ho jAtA hai aura zuddha parabrahma jo deza-kAlakI upAdhise para hai, vahI anubhavagata rahatA hai; jaba ki jainaparamparAmeM jIvoMkA vaiyaktika bheda vAstavika hai, jIvoMse bhinna koI brahmatattva nahIM hai / brahmatattvakA jo pAramArthika saccidAnanda svarUpa upaniSadoMmeM mAnA gayA hai yaha pAramArthika svarUpa jainadRSTise pratyeka jIvAtmAmeM antarnihita hai, sirpha AvaraNoMse

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58 zradhyAtmavicAraNA AvRta hotA hai itanA hI / jo jIvAtmA yogya sAdhanA dvArA ina AvaraNoMko sarvathA dUra karatA hai vaha svayaM hI vizuddha brahmasvarUpa bana jAtA hai / ataeva jainadRSTise jo-jo jIvAtmA nirAvaraNa banate haiM ve sabhI samAna bhAva se parabrahma haiM / isa prakAra kevalAdvaitI vedAntakI abhedadRSTi aura jaina-paramparAkI bhedadRSTike bIca AkAza-pAtAla jitanA antara honepara bhI paramAtmasvarUpake bAre meM adbhuta sAmya hai aura vaha yaha ki tattvataH saccidAnanda brahma eka ho yA aneka, para usakI saccidAnandarUpatA donoMmeM ekasI upAsya hai / yadyapi bauddha paramparA meM videhamukta citta yA sattvakA arthAt nirvANakAlIna sthitikA jaina yA vaidika paramparAmeM milatA hai vaisA koI spaSTa aura sabako mAnya ho aisA varNana nahIM hai; usameM yaha sthiti avyAkRta hI mAnI gaI hai; phira bhI itanA to sarva 1. 'kiM pana bhante, hoti tathAgato paraM maraNA ? idameva saccaM moghaM aJJati ?' "zrabyAkato kho etaM pohapAda, mayA - hoti tathAgato paraM maraNA, idameva saccaM moghaM aJJati / " 'kiM pana bhante, na hoti tathAgato paraM maraNA ? idameva saccaM moghaM zraJJati' ? " etaM pi khopoDapAda, mayA abyAkataM - na hoti tathAgato paraM maraNA, idameva saccaM moghaM Jati / " " kiM pana bhaMte, hoti ca na ca hoti tathAgato paraM maraNA ? idameva saccaM moghaM ti ?' " byAkato kho etaM poTThapAda, mayA - hoti ca na ca hoti tathAgato paraM maraNA, idametra saccaM moghaM aJJaM ti / "

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paramAtmatattva Ke sammata hai ki lokottarabhUmipara pahu~cA huA jo koI sattva ho 'kiM pana bhante, neva hoti na na hoti tathAgato paraM maraNA ? idameva saccaM moghaM JJati ?' " etaM pi kho poTThapAda, mayA abyAkataM - naiva hoti na na hoti tathAgato paraM maraNAM, idameva saccaM moghaM zraJJa ti !" 'kasmA panetaM bhante, bhagavatA zrabyAkataM ti ?' "na detaM poDapAda, atthasaMhitaM na dhammasaMhitaM na zrAdibrahmacariyakaM, na nirodhAya na upasamAya na zrabhiJJAya na sambodhAya na nibbANAya saMvattati / tasmA taM mayA abyAkataM ti / " - " evameva kho citta, yasmi samaye prolAriko attapaTilAbho hoti' perUpo attapaTilAbho tveva tasmi samaye saMkhaM gacchati / iti imA kho citta, loka-samaJJA lokaniruttiyo loka- vohArA loka-paJJattiyo yAhi tathAto voharati parAmasaM ti / " -- dIghanikAya, poTThapAdasutta 26-27-55 " yAni mAni diTThigatAni bhagavatA zranyAkatAni ThapitAni paTikkhitAni -- ' sasto loko iti pi zrasahasato loko iti pi, antavA loko iti pi, anantavA loko iti pi taM jIvaM taM sarIraM iti pi, ajJa jIvaM zra sarIraM iti pi, hoti tathAgato paraMmaraNA iti pi na hoti tathAgato parammaraNA iti pi, hoti ca na hoti tathAgato parammaraNA iti pi, neva hoti na na hoti tathAgato parammaraNA iti pi" - majjhimanikAya, cUlamAlu kyasutta pR0 15 / (bambaI yUnivarsiTI prakAzana ) yahI vastu dIghanikAya ke poTThapAdasutta pR0 217-18 para bhI zrAtI hai / isake vizeSa tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie dekho - nyAyAvatAravArtikavRttikI prastAvanA pR0 15 aura 37 / vyAkaraNIyatAkA muddA yogasUtra 4, 33 ke bhASya meM prakArAntara se carcita hai / isI taraha zrAcArAMgasUtra 170, 1 meM bhI isa vastukI carcA hai /

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60 adhyAtmavicAraNA vaha sarvathA vAsanAbandhana yA saMyojanAse vimukta hone ke kAraNa vizuddhasvarUpa hai aura vahI arhat , sugata athavA paramAtmA rUpase pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| Upara jo thor3I carcA kI hai usakA sAra yahI hai ki yadi nyAya-vaizeSika Adi kaI paramparAe~ eka svataMtra kartA tathA nItiniyAmaka rUpase paramAtmAko mAnatI haiM, to koI yoga aura sezvara sAMkhya jaisI paramparA mAtra sAkSIrUpa eka paramAtmAko mAnatI hai, to dUsarI kevalAdvaita jaisI koI paramparA vaise bhinna kartA, niyAmaka aura sAkSIrUpa eka paramAtmAko na mAnakara sampUrNa carAcarake bhItara aura bAhara tathA usase abhinna aise eka saccidAnanda brahmatattvako paramAtmA kahatI hai; jaba ki dUsarI jainabauddha jaisI paramparAe~ UparakI saba mAnyatAoMse judA hokara nAnA jIva yA sattvoMkA pAramArthika astitva svIkAra karake unameM hI zaktirUpase paramAtmAkA svarUpa mAnatI haiM aura prayatnase pratyeka jIvAtmA yA sattva usa paramAtmasvarUpako vyakta karatA hai aisA bhI svIkAra karatI haiN| jIva evaM paramAtmarUpase AtmA yA cetanakI thor3I vicAraNA karane ke bAda una donoMke bIca kyA sambandha hai, yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai| tattvacintanake pariNAmasvarUpa jIvAtmA aura paramAtmAkA astitva siddha hote hI mAnava-manameM prazna uThA ki jIvAtmAkA paramAtmAke sAtha kisa tarahakA sambandha ho sakatA hai ? sambandhakI isa jijJAsAmeMse anekavidha sAdhanAmArga astitvameM Aye aura ina mArgoM ke antima sAdhyake taurapara mokSapuruSArthakA Adarza sthira huaa| upalabdha bhAratIya vAGmayameM tattvacintanakI jo dhArA

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paramAtmatattva dikhAI par3atI hai usakA vikAsakrama dekhanepara aisA jAna par3atA hai ki Rgvedake mahattvapUrNa katipaya sUktoMmeM jo tattvacintana hai vaha bahuta gUDha, gaMbhIra aura AkarSaka hai, phira bhI mUlakAraNaviSa. yaka jijJAsA, tarka, kutUhala aura saMzayakI bhUmikAmeMse hI vaha mukhyataH pravRtta huA hai| abhI usameM AdhyAtmika sAdhanAkA yA paramatattvake sAtha jIvAtmAke sambandhakA mArmika prazna upasthita hI nahIM huA hai / brAhmaNagranthoMmeM tattvacintana hai sahI, para vaha yajJAdi karmakAMDake svarUpa aura usake aihika-pAralaukika lAbhoMkI kAmanAmeM hI ulajha gayA hai, jaba ki upaniSadoMkA tattva. cintana bhinna hI bhUmikApara calatA hai| unameM Adhibhautika yA Adhidaivika muddoMkI carcA to AtI hai, para vaha AdhyAtmika bhUmikAkI pRSThabhUmike taurapara hii| isIlie upaniSadoMkA tattva. . cintana jIvAtmA aura paramAtmAke sambandhako pradhAnarUpase chUtA hai; aura bauddha yA jaina-vAGmayameM upalabdha tattvacintanakI to nIva hI pahalese AdhyAtmika bhUmikA rahI hai / isIlie hama upaniSadoM aura jaina AgamoM yA bauddha piTakoM tathA uttaravartI darzanasUtroMmeM mokSake atirikta dUsare kisI praznakI pradhAnatA nahIM pAte / ___ yoM to pratyeka jIvAtmA yA cetanameM acintya divya zakti hai jo na to sthUla-indriyagamya hai aura na sthUla-manogamya, aura phira bhI vaha hai; itanA hI nahIM, vaha spandamAna aura pragatizIla haiisa bAtakI pratIti mAnavadehadhArI cetanakI jAgRtidvArA milatI hai| manuSya apanemeM rahI huI isa divya zaktikI akalpya preraNAse hI cAlU jIvanake rasahIna aura taMga dAyaremeMse mukta hone aura jaisI sthiti hai usameMse vizeSa aura vizeSa UrdhvagAmI bananekI 1. dekho Rgveda 10.121 prajApatisUkta; 10.126 nAsadIyasUkta; 8.86 vizvakarmAviSayaka sUkta aura 10.110 tvaSTAviSayaka sUkta zrAdi /

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62 adhyAtma vicAraNA utsukatA rakhatA hai aura usake lie jaddojahada bhI karatA hai / aisI kisI gUr3ha divya zaktikI preraNA yA jAgRti na hotI to mAnavamane apane AtmasvarUpake bAre meM tathA apane AsapAsake jagat ke svarUpa ke bAremeM khoja na kI hotI aura akalpya aise paramAtmasvarUpakA Adarza sammukha rakhakara trividha eSaNA meM se niSpanna cira-paricita sukhoMko chor3ane meM paramAnanda na mAnA hotA / aisI AdhyAtmika preraNAke kAraNa hI manuSyane mokSapuruSArtha ke sAtha niSkAmatAkA sambandha anivArya hai aisA anubhava kiyA aura usI mArgapara prasthAna zurU kiyA / manuSyane- sAdhaka manuSyane anubhavase dekhA ki paramAtmapadake sAtha usakA sambandha dvaitakoTikA ho yA advaitakoTikA, para vaha sambandha arthAt mukti siddha karanekA anivArya sAdhana niSkAmatA yA niSkaSAyatA hai / kisI bhI AdhyAtmika paramparAkA aisA sAdhaka nahIM hai jo paramAtmapadakI prAptike lie niSkAmatAko anivArya sAdhana na mAnatA ho / isa taraha jIvAtmA aura paramAtmAke bIcake sambandhake praznane sAdhaka ke samakSa mokSakA Adarza upasthita kiyA aura sAtha hI sarvasammata sAdhana ke taurapara niSkA tAkara use mor3A / niSkAmatAkI siddhike bahiraMga evaM antaraMga sAdhanoMkA tathA usakI pUrNa siddhi takakI kramika bhUmikAoMkA vicAra karanese pUrva mokSa ke svarUpa ke bAremeM dArzanika sAdhakoMkI jo mAnyatAe~ unakA saMkSepa meM yahA~para nirdeza karanA aprAsaMgika na hogA / ' sAmAnyataH mukti yA mokSake do rUpa mAne gaye haiM / pahalA sadeha avasthAmeM siddha honevAlI jIvanmukti aura dUsarA sarvadAke lie dehadhAraNa se mukta honekI arthAt videha avasthA meM honevAlI videhamukti / jIvanmukti dehadhArI AtmAmeM siddha honevAlI rAgadveSa- mohakI sarvathA nivRtti hai| aisA jIvanmukta dehake sAtha

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paramAtmatattva sambandha hone ke kAraNa zakya aura Avazyaka ho vaisI aura utanI pravRtti karatA hai, phira bhI rAgadveSajanya vRttiyoM aura ajJAnakA leza bhI sparza na honese vaha ba~dhatA nahIM hai / usako samagra pravRtti sAhajika rUpase hI kalyANavaha hotI hai aura zeSa AyuSyakA paripAka hote hI vaha videhamukta banatA hai| aise jIvanmuktakA jainaparamparAmeM arhat, tIrthaMkara yA sayogikevalI rUpase varNana hai, to bauddha-paramparA arhat, sugata yA lokottara sattvarUpase usakA varNana karatI hai| nyAya' aura yogaparamparAmeM bhI aise jIvanmuktakA astitva mAnA gayA hai aura usakA caramadeha, kevalI, kuzala Adi vizeSaNoMse ullekha kiyA hai| sAmAnyataH rAmAnuja, madhva Adi vaiSNava-paramparAoMke sivAya sabhI AdhyAtmika paramparAe~ jIvanmuktakA astitva mAnya rakhatI haiN| ___ videhamukta honepara jIvAtmAkA svarUpa aura usakI sthiti kaisI hotI hai, isa viSayameM bhI dArzanikoMne kalpanAe~ kI haiM aura ye kalpanAe~ bahuta bAra to eka dUsarIse viruddha bhI haiM / phira bhI prApta sAdhanoMke AdhArapara mukta AtmAke svarUpake viSayameM ve dArzanika mAnyatAe~ kaisI haiM isakA avalokana yahA~ kucha tafasIlase kreNge| dehake sAtha hI caitanyakA astitva vilupta hotA hai aisI mAnyatAvAle apunarjanmavAdI ucchedavAdI kahe jAte haiM, para jo deha nAzake bAda bhI caitanyakA kisI-na-kisI rUpameM nirantara astitva mAnya rakhate haiM ve zAzvatavAdI kahe jAte haiN| zAzvatakA 1. so'yamadhyAtma bahizca viviktacitto viharan mukta ityucyate / -nyAyabhASya 4. 2. 1 na pravRttiH pratisandhAnAya hInaklezasya / -nyAyasUtra 4.1.64 2. yogasUtrabhASya 2. 4. 27

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adhyAtmavicAraNA artha hai vaha tattva jo nirantara TikA rahe aura kabhI ucchinna na ho / zAzvatake arthameM nitya, dhruva, kUTastha jaise padoMkA bhI prayoga hotA thaa|' parantu eka samaya nirantaratAke pAramArthika svarUpake bAremeM tattvacintakoMmeM prazna khar3e hue / ve prazna ye haiM-(1) jo tattva satata rahanepara bhI kisI bhI prakArase parivartita na ho kyA nirantarakA yaha artha hai ? athavA (2) satata astitva honepara bhI jo sahabhUzaktise aura bAhya nimittase sajAtIya yA vijAtIya kisI bhI prakArake parivartana yA pariNAmakA anubhava kara sake vaha ? mUlameM zAzvata yA nirantara tattvake svarUpake bAremeM ye do prazna the| koI zAzvata tattvako aparivartiSNu mAnate to koI parivartiSNu / pahale prakArake kUTasthanityavAdI aura dUsare prakArake pariNAminityavAdI kahe jAte haiN| donoM tattvako nitya yA nirantara to mAnate hI haiM, pharka sirpha parivartana mAnane na mAnanekA hai| yaha pharka darasAneke lie prathama prakArake cintakoMne nityake sAtha kUTastha pada jor3A, to dUsare prakArake cintakoMne pariNAmI pada jor3A / ye donoM prakArakI mAnyatAe~ itane aMzameM to samAna haiM ki nirantara rahanevAlA tattva yA dravya na to kabhI sarvathA apUrva utpanna hotA hai aura na sarvathA vinaSTa hI hotA hai| zAzvata aura ucchedavAda ye donoM sarvathA paraspara viruddha honese Amane-sAmaneke antima chora haiN| aisI antima koTiyA~ ekAnta yA ekAMgI honese pAramArthika nahIM ho sakatIM aise vicArameMse buddhane madhyamapratipadAkI prarUpaNA aura usakA vikAsa 1. yaha vicAra prathama vyAkhyAnameM pR. 44 para AyA hai| phira bhI yahA~ punaH carcA isalie kI hai ki prastuta sandarbha samajhane meM saralatA ho / vastutaH donoM sthAnoMkA viSaya eka hai, para unakA nirUpaNa sandarbhake anusAra honese viSayako vizeSa spaSTatA hI hotI hai /

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paramAtmatattva 65 kiyA / isakA dArzanika cintanameM mUlameM artha itanA hI hai ki koI bhI dravya yA tattva na to sirpha zAzvata hI haiM aura na sirpha ucchedazIla / tattva ho to vaha aisA hI ho sakatA hai ki usameM kUTasthatA bhI na ho aura ucchedazIlatA bhI na ho / isa madhyama - mArgI vicAra meM se kramazaH santatinityatAvAdakA vikAsa huA / isakA bhAva itanA hI hai ki parivartita honevAlA aisA koI anusyUta yA akhaNDa dravya nahIM hai, para pUrvottara kSaNoMmeM bahane vAlI eka satata dhArAmAtra hai / yahA~para hameM to itanA hI dhyAnameM rakhanA hai ki santatinityatAvAda punarjanma mAnatA hI hai aura punarjanma mAnA to phira janma-janmAntara meM citta yA caitanyadhArAkA sAtatya mAnanA hI rhaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki santatinityatAvAda kUTasthanityatA evaM pariNAminityatA ina donoMkA virodha karanevAlA eka pakSa hai, jise ina donoM pakSoMke AkSepoMkA nirAkaraNa karake apanA astitva siddha karanA hai / isI prakAra kUTastha - nitya aura pariNAminityavAdako bhI santatinityatA pakSakI orase hone vAle prahAroMko rokakara apanA astitva banAye rakhanA thA / isa saMgharSake kAraNa pratyeka pakSapara dUsare pakSoMkA pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpase prabhAva par3A hI hai, phira cAhe vaha prabhAva koI khule taurapara svIkAra kare athavA zabdAntara yA paribhASAntarase chipAye yA use gUr3ha banA de / tattvacintanakI itanI sAmAnya bhUmikA jAnane para hI bhAratIya AtmavAdI pratyeka paramparAke saMsAra aura mokSaviSayaka vicAra yathAvat samajha meM A sakate haiM / AtmavAdI bhAratIya paramparAe~ mukhyataH cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kI jA sakatI haiM--vaidika, jaina, bauddha aura bhAjIvaka / 1. dIghanikAyagata brahmajAlasutta; saMyuttanikAya 12.17,12.24 zrAdi / vizeSa vivaraNa ke liye dekho - nyAyAvatAravArtikavRttikI prastAvanA pR. 7-8 // 5

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66 adhyAtmavicAraNA inameMse AjIvaka paramparAkA itihAsa lambA honepara bhI usakA svataMtra kahA jA sake aisA sAmpradAyika sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai| usake mantavya to milate haiM, para ve khaNDita aura itara paramparAoMke sAhityameM saMgRhIta rUpase hii|' ataH yahA~ para avaziSTa tIna paramparAoMko mukhya rakhakara unake mokSaviSayaka vicAra jAnanekA hama prayatna kreNge| isa samaya vaidika paramparAmeM samAviSTa mukhya darzana chaH haiMnyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA aura uttaramImAMsA / pUrvamImAMsA isa samaya bhale hI upaniSad Adi mokSavAdI vicAroM kA Adara karatI ho, para mUlameM vaha karmamImAMsA hai aura karmake phalake taurapara svargase itara ucca Adarza yA dhyeyakA vicAra nahIM krtii| isalie mokSasvarUpaviSayaka mAnyatAe~ hameM mukhyataH bAkIke pA~ca darzanoMke sAhityameM hI milatI haiN| prameyatattvake svarUpake viSayameM, aura usameM bhI khAsa taurapara Atmatattvake svarUpake viSayameM, jitanA aura jaisA vicArabheda utanA aura vaisA hI vicArabheda mokSake svarUpake bAremeM bhI phalita honekA hI / isI vajahase hama eka hI vaidika paramparAmeM Atmatattvake svarUpake bAre meM sarvathA bhinna-bhinna aura bahuta bAra to viruddha pratIta hoM aisI kalpanAe~ dekhate haiN| itanA hI nahIM, para mAtra aupaniSada yA brahmasUtrajIvI zAkhAoMkI mAnyatAoM meM bhI mokSake svarUpakI kalpanAe~ judI-judI dekhate haiN| vaidika mAne jAnevAle darzanoMkI jIvAtmA tathA paramAtmAke svarUpakI mAnyatAe~ upayukta rUpase bhinna honepara bhI una sabhI 1. dekho History and Doctrines of Ajivakas by A, L. Basham.

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paramAtmatatva mAnyatAoM meM eka lakSaNa samAna dRSTigocara hotA hai aura vaha hai AtmatattvakI kUTasthanityatAkA / koI jIvAtmA aura paramAtmAkA bheda mAne yA koI sarvathA abheda mAne yA bhedAbheda mAne; isI taraha koI AtmAko vibhu mAne yA aNu tathA koI AtmAkA bahutva svIkAra kare yA koI na kare, phira bhI ve saba Atmatattvako kisI-na-kisI rUpameM kUTastha hI mAnate haiM aura usI pakSakA samarthana karate haiM / itanI samAna bhUmikA hai sahI, para dUsarI bahutasI bAtoMmeM una darzanoM ke bIca matabheda honese mokSake svarUpake bAremeM unameM prabala mAnyatAbheda calA A rahA hai| hama yahA~para use sakSepameM dekheN| ___ kaNAdakA vaizeSikadarzana aura usakA anusaraNa karanevAlA akSapAdakA nyAyadarzana ye donoM AtmAke svarUpake bAremeM ekamata haiN| donoM AtmAko kUTasthanitya tathA dehabhedase bhinna mAnate haiM, aura apavarga yA mukti bhI svIkAra karate haiN| kapilakA sAMkhya-darzana aura usakA anugAmI yogadarzana dehabhedase Atmabheda mAnaneke atirikta AtmAkA kUTasthanityatva svIkAra karate haiN| isameM yadi apavAda hai to vaha itanA hI ki caubIsa tattva mAnanevAlA sAMkhyakA prAcIna stara prakRtise bhinna puruSoM ke astitvako svIkAra nahIM krtaa| isase vaha jIvatatva, punarjanma aura mokSa AdikI vicArasaraNI prakRtitattvameM ghaTAtA thaa| vaha prakRtitattvako kUTastha. nitya nahIM, kintu pariNAminitya mAnatA thA, aisA prAcIna varNanase pratIta hotA hai / aupaniSada darzanakI aneka zAkhAe~ haiM jinameM zAMkara, rAmAnuja, madhva, vallabha Adi mukhya haiN| ye sabhI zAkhAe~ upaniSad, brahmasUtra aura gItAkA samAna bhAvase AdhAra letI haiM, phira bhI una AdhAroMke tAtparyameM unakA matabheda hai| zakara kevalAdvaitavAdI aura eka akhaNDa brahmatattvavAdI hai tathA

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- adhyAtmavicAraNA brahmatattvako kUTasthanitya svarUpa mAnatA hai, jaba ki rAmAnuja viziSTAdvaitavAdI honese brahmatattvase kucha bhinna aise jar3a aura cetana jIvatattvako bhI vAstavika mAnatA hai| madhva to nyAyavaizeSikakI bhA~ti sarvathA dvaitavAdI honese jIvAtmAoMke bahutva aura unake pAramArthika astitvako svIkAra karatA hai / farka ho to itanA hI ki vaha rAmAnujakI taraha jIvako aNurUpa mAnakara usakA kUTasthanityatva ghaTAtA hai / madhva brahma yA viSNu tattvako to jIvase bhinna, kUTasthanitya aura vibhu mAnatA hai| vallabha brahmatattvako vibhu mAnakara usake pariNAmarUpase hI jIva evaM jagatkA varNana karatA hai / aisA pariNAma svIkAra karanese parabrahmameM pariNAmitvakI AnevAlI Apattiko dUra karaneke lie vaha brahmako avikRta-pariNAmI kahatA hai; arthAt pariNAmi honepara bhI brahmameM vikAra nahIM hotaa| isa taraha vallabha sAMkhyakI prakRtikA pariNAmitva brahmatattvameM mAnakara bhI use avikRta-pariNAmi kahakara kUTasthanityatvakA dUsare hI prakArase samarthana karatA hai|' AtmatattvaviSayaka vaidika darzanoMkI mAnyatAoMkA Upara jo saMkSepameM ullekha kiyA hai vaha itanA samajhAne ke lie ki vaidika darzanoMmeM kUTasthanityavAda kisa-kisa taraha aura kisa-kisa aMzameM samarthita hotA rahA hai| aba hama yaha dekheMge ki kaise-kaise svarUpabheda tathA kalpanAbhedake kAraNa mokSake svarUpake viSayameM ina vaidika darzanoMke mantavyoMmeM pharka par3atA hai tathA bhinnatA AtI hai| vaidika darzanoMkI mAnyatAoMmeM AtmAke svarUpake viSayameM jo sarvaprathama dhyAna dene jaisA pharka hai vaha caitanyaviSayaka hai / ___ 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekho zrI0 go0 ha0 bhaTTakRta brahmasUtraaNu-bhASyake gujarAtI anuvAdakI prastAvanA tathA gaNavaravAdakI prastAvanAmeM AtmatattvavicAra pR0 86-61 /

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paratmAmabatva dada nyAya aura vaizeSika donoM AtmAko cetana kahate haiM, para unake matase caitanya sAhajika nahIM kintu Agantuka hai / zarIra, indriya aura mana AdikA jabataka sambandha rahatA hai tabhI taka unake dvArA utpanna jJAna AtmA meM hote haiM / aise jJAnoMko dhAraNa karanekI zakti arthAt upAdAnakAraNatA hI unake matameM caitanya hai| parantu aisI koI sAhajika cetanA ve nahIM mAnate jo zarIra, indriya Adike sambandhake binA bhI jJAnaguNa rUpase yA viSayagrahaNa rUpase prakAzita yA sphurita hotI rahe / nyAya-vaizeSika darzanakI isa kalpanAse itara vaidika darzanoMkI kalpanA sarvathA bhinna hai| sAMkhya-yoga yA aupaniSada darzanoMmeMse aisA dUsarA koI bhI vaidika darzana nahIM hai jo nyAya-vaizeSikakI bhA~ti AtmAmeM caitanya mAtra Agantuka mAnatA ho / ve sabhI darzana, phira cAhe vaha aNujIvavAdI ho athavA vibhupuruSavAdI ho yA vibhuparabrahmavAdI ho, AtmatattvameM sahaja cetanA mAnate haiM aura jaba zarIra, indriya, mana AdikA sambandha na ho taba videhamukta dazAmeM bhI aisI cetanAkA anAvRta vikAsa athavA jJAnasphuraNa svIkAra karate haiN| aisA honese unakI mokSasvarUpakI kalpanAmeM bar3A antara par3a jAtA hai| __ nyAya-vaizeSika darzana aisA kahate haiM ki mokSa arthAt sukhaduHkha-jJAna-icchA-dveSa Adi sabhI guNoMkA Atyantika uccheda / unake matase mokSa isIlie paramapuruSArtha hai ki usameM kisI bhI prakArake duHkha yA duHkhake kAraNakA astitva nahIM rhtaa| ve mokSakI upAsanA isalie nahIM karate ki usake prApta honepara usameM kisI caitanya yA sukha jaise sahaja aura zAzvata guNakA anubhava ho / unakA mokSa arthAt sahabhU amuka guNoMke atirikta bAkIke sabhI jJAna-sukha-duHkha Adi janyaguNoMkA sadAke lie

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adhyAtmavicAraNA anta jaba dUsare dArzanika aise jJAna yA caitanya aura sukha yA AnandavihIna mokSakI upAsanA meM pASANavat jar3a upAsanAkA AkSepa nyAya-vaizeSika ke Upara karate haiM taba ve vyAvahArika anubhava ke balapara eka hI samAdhAna dete haiM ki saccA sAdhaka puruSArthI kevala aniSTake parihArake lie hI prayatna karatA hai / aisA parihAra hI usakA sukha hai yA Ananda hai / isake sivAya mokSasthiti meM bhAvAtmaka caitanya yA Anandako mAnane meM yuktikA koI AdhAra nahIM hai / isa taraha nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM mokSa arthAt nitya yA anitya sukha-duHkharahita kevala dravyarUpase AtmatattvakI avasthiti / 70 aba sAMkhya yoga darzanoMko lekara vicAra kreN| ye donoM niSThAe~ prakRti se bhinna aise puruSako svataH siddha cetanArUpa mAnatI haiN| ve puruSa meM nyAya-vaizeSikako bhA~ti kisI bhI Agantuka yA janyaguNakA astitva kiMvA sparzataka nahIM maantiiN| jo puruSarUpa hai vaha apariNAmI akhaNDa cetanA yA caitanyamAtra hai aura sarvathA kUTasthanitya honese usameM vAstavika saMsAra-dazA bhI nahIM hai / bandha arthAt saMsAra aura mokSa ye donoM vastutaH prakRtikI avasthAe~ haiM / ina avasthAoMkA puruSameM Aropa yA upacAra hotA 1. tadatyantavimokSo'pavargaH / - nyAyasUtra 1.1.22 tathA bhASya tadevaM dhiSaNAdInAM navAnAmapi mUlataH / guNAnAmAtmano dhvaMsaH so'pavargaH pratiSThitaH // - nyAyamaMjarI, pR0 508 20 tasmAnna badhyate nAspi mucyate nA'pi saMsarati kazcit / saMsarati badhyate mucyate ca nAnAzrayA prakRtiH // - sAMkhyakArikA 62

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paramAtmatatva hai itanA hI / jisa taraha AkAzameM ur3anevAlA pakSI svaccha . pAnImeM ur3atA dikhAI detA hai so mAtra pratibimbake kAraNa hI, usI taraha prakRtike bandha aura mokSa puruSameM vyavahRta hote haiM to ve sirpha parasparake viziSTa sAnnidhyake kAraNa hii| isase jaba prakRtimeM usakA buddhi, ahaMkAra Adi kAryaprapaMca punaH simaTa jAtA hai aura mokSasthiti AtI hai taba prakRtikA mokSa yAnI visadRza pariNAmaparamparAkI zUnyatA athavA kevala sadRza pariNAmaparamparAkA saatty| jaba prakRtikI aisI sthiti hotI hai taba upacArase puruSa bhI mukta kahA jAtA hai| ataeva usakI mukti arthAt draSTAkAsAkSImAtra cetanakA svarUpameM avasthAna yAnI nitya, zuddha aise kUTastha caitanyakA prAkRtika chAyApattirahita avasthAna' / sAMkhyayogasammata yaha muktisvarUpa nyAya-vaizeSika sammata muktisvarUpase eka prakArase judA par3atA hai to dUsare prakArase usake sAtha milatA bhI hai| judA isa arthameM par3atA hai ki nyAya vaizeSika AtmAko sAMkhya-yogakI bhA~ti dravyarUpa mAnate haiM, phira bhI use sarvathA nirguNa tathA Agantuka guNazUnya nahIM mAnate, jaba ki sAMkhya-yoga AtmAko sarvathA nirguNa mAnate haiN| isase pahaleke matake anusAra AtmAkA svarUpa dravyarUpa honepara bhI cetanAmaya nahIM hai, jaba ki dUsareke matake anusAra usakA svarUpa hI kevala svataHprakAzamAna cetanArUpa hai / ataH nyAya-vaizeSika matameM muktidazAmeM caitanyake sphuraNa yA abhivyakti jaise vyavahAra ke lie avakAza 1. puruSArthazUnyAnAM guNAnAM pratiprasavaH kaivalyaM svarUpapratiSThA vA citizaktiriti / -yogasUtra 4.34 tena nivRttaprasavAmarthavazAt saptarUpavinivRttAm / prakRtiM pazyati puruSaH prekSakavadavasthitaH svacchaH // -sAMkhyakArikA 65

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adhyAtmavicAraNA hI nahIM hai jaba ki sAMkhya-yoga matameM aisA vyavahAra prAmANika hai / nyAya-vaizeSikasammata muktimeM buddhi-sukha Adi guNoMkA Atyantika uccheda honese AtmAkA kevala kUTasthanitya dravyarUpase hI astitva mAnA jAtA hai, taba sAMkhya-yoga matameM kevala cetanA rUpase -- nirguNa svarUpase arthAt sahajabhAvase hI usakA astitva mAnA jAtA hai / aisA honepara bhI ekake mata se muktidazAmeM caitanya yA jJAnakA abhAva to dUsareke mata se usakA sadbhAva -- yaha eka bar3A antara mAlUma hotA hai, para ina donoM pakSoM kI pAribhASika prakriyAkA bheda dhyAna meM rakheM to tAttvika rUpase donoM pakSoMkI mAnyatA meM koI mahattvakA antara nahIM rahatA / zarIra-indriyAdi sambandha sApekSa buddhi-sukha-duHkha - icchA-dveSa Adi guNoMkA Atyantika uccheda mAnanevAle nyAya-vaizeSikadarzana saMsAradazA meM ina guNoMkA astitva AtmAmeM svIkAra karate haiM, ataH muktikAla meM ve inake Atyantika ucchedakI paribhASAkA hI prayoga kara sakate haiM; jaba ki sAMkhya yogadarzana sukha-duHkha-jJAnaajJAna icchA dveSa Adi bhAva puruSameM na mAnakara sAttvika buddhitattvameM mAnate haiM aura usakI puruSameM par3anevAlI chAyAko hI Aropita saMsAra kahate haiM / ataH ve jaba muktidazA meM sAttvika buddhikA usake bhAvoMke sAtha prakRti arthAt mUla kAraNa meM Atyantika vilaya mAnate haiM taba puruSameM prathama vyavahRta sukha-duHkha-icchAdveSa Adi bhAvoM aura kartRtvakI chAyAkA bhI Atyantika abhAva hI svIkAra karate haiM / eka pakSa AtmadravyameM guNoMkA upAdAnakAraNatva svIkAra karake vicAra karatA hai to dUsarA pakSa puruSa meM aisA kucha bhI mAne binA prakRti ke prapaMcadvArA sArA vicAra-vyavahAra karatA hai / isa taraha pahalA pakSa dravya aura guNAdike bhedako vAstavika mAnatA hai, to dUsarA pakSa vaise bhedako Aropita samajhatA hai /

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paramAtmatattva parantu caubIsa tattvavAdI prAcIna sAMkhyaparamparAkI bandhamokSaprakriyA pacIsa tattvavAlI sAMkhyaparamparAse judI par3egI hii| vaha buddhisattva aura usameM utpanna honevAle sukha-duHkha-icchA-dveSa-jJAnaajJAna Adi bhAvoMkA Atyantika vilaya mUlakAraNa pradhAnameM mAnakara mokSakAlameM brahmabhAva yA muktasvarUpakA varNana karegI, para aisA nahIM ki muktAtmA yAnI kevala cetanA, kyoMki isameM prakRtise bhinna cetanAke lie avakAza hI nahIM hai| caubIsa tattvavAdI sAMkhya aura nyAya-vaizeSikakI mAnyatAke bIca bhI bahuta sAmya hai / pahalA pakSa mokSadazAmeM prakRtike kAryaprapaMcakA atyanta vilaya mAnatA hai, jaba ki dUsarA pakSa bhI muktidazAmeM AtmAke guNaprapaMcakA atyanta abhAva mAnatA hai| pahalekA kAryaprapaMca hI dUsarekA guNaprapaMca hai| zeSa bAkI rahanevAle pradhAna aura AtmAke svarUpameM jo kucha thor3A farka rahatA hai vaha sirpha pariNAminityatva aura kUTasthanityatvake aikAntika paribhASAbhedake kaarnn| jJAna-sukha-duHkha-icchA-dveSa Adi guNoMkA utpAda aura vinAza AtmAmeM vAstavika taurapara hotA hai aisA mAnanepara bhI nyAyavaizeSikadarzana AtmAkA tanika bhI avasthAntara na ho aise arthameM kUTasthanitya rUpase jo varNana karate haiM vaha kucha Azcaryajanaka laga sakatA hai, parantu isakA rahasya usake bhedavAdameM hai| nyAyavaizeSikadarzana guNa-guNIkA atyanta bheda mAnate haiM, ataH jaba guNa utpanna yA vinaSTa hote haiM taba bhI unake utpAda-vinAzakA sparza unake AdhArabhUta guNI dravyameM ve nahIM hone dete; aura yaha avasthAbheda to guNoMkA hai, na ki guNIkA aisA kahate haiN| isI taraha ve AtmAko kartA, bhoktA, baddha aura mukta vAstavika rUpase mAnate haiM aura phira bhI avasthAbhedakI Apatti yukti prayuktise TAlakara kUTasthanityatvakI mAnyatAse cipake rahate haiN| sAMkhya

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adhyAtma vicAraNA * yogadarzana nyAya-vaizeSikakI bhA~ti guNaguNIkA bheda nahIM mAnate, ataH nyAya-vaizeSikakI bhA~ti guNoMkA utpAda - vinAza mAnakara puruSa ke kUTasthanityatva kI rakSA karanA unake lie aprastuta hai / isalie unhoMne dUsarA rAstA apanAyA / vaha rAstA yAnI nirguNapuruSa mAnanekA / ' aisA hone se unhoMne kartRtva-bhoktRtva, bandhamokSa Adi avasthAe~ puruSameM upacarita mAnIM aura kUTastha nityatva pUrNataH ghaTA liyA / 74 kevalAdvaitI zaMkara yA aNujIvavAdI rAmAnuja tathA vallabha saba muktidazA meM caitanya aura AnandakA pUrNa prakAza athavA AvirbhAva apanI-apanI praNAlikAke anusAra svIkAra karake kUTasthanityatva ghaTA lete haiN| eka taraha se dekheM to aupaniSada darzanoMkI kalpanA sAMkhya yogakI kalpanA ke sAtha adhika milatIjulatI hai, nahIM ki nyAya-vaizeSikadarzana kI kalpanAke sAtha; kyoMki sabhI aupaniSadadarzana muktidazA meM sAMkhya yogakI bhA~ti zuddha cetanA rUpase brahmatattva yA jIvatattvakA avasthAna mAnate hI haiM / aba hama bauddhaparamparAsammata nirvANake svarUpake bAremeM vicAra kreN| bauddha paramparAkI zAkhAe~ aura nikAya aneka haiM / unameM se atiprasiddha kahI jA sakeM aisI cAra zAkhAe~ ullekhayogya haiM - (1) prAcIna bauddha aura vaibhASika, (2) sautrAntika, (3) mAdhyamika yA zUnyavAdI, aura (4) yogAcAra yA vijJAnavAdI / 1. anAditvAnnirguNatvAt paramAtmAyamabhyayaH / zarIrastho'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate // yathA sarvagataM saukSmyAdAMkAzaM nopalipyate / sarvatrA'vasthito dehe tathASStmA nopalipyate // - gItA 13.31-32

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paramAtmatattva ina cAra zAkhAoM aura unake avAntara bhedoMmeM nirvANake svarUpake bAremeM jo paraspara virodhI aura bahuta bAra to gUr3ha yA jaTila kalpanAe~ huI haiM una sabako yathAvat samajhanekA kArya kisI bhI taraha kisIke lie sugama pratIta nahIM hotA; phira bhI rUsI prophesara zverabAtskIne The Conception of Buddhist Nirvana nAmaka apane granthameM bauddha-nirvANa-viSayaka vicAraNAoMko spaSTa karanekA bhagIratha prayatna kiyA hai| pAli aura saMskRta labhya sabhI granthoM ke atirikta tibbatI, cInI aura jApAnI bhASAmeM likhe hue bauddha granthoMke parizIlanake AdhArapara isa vidvAnne bauddhanirvANakI kalpanAoMkA aitihAsika tathA tulanAtmaka dRSTise nirUpaNa karanekA tathA samajhAnekA prayatna kiyA hai| isa vidvAnke uparyukta granthake AdhArapara tathA katipaya pAli evaM saMskRta bauddha granthoMke vAcana aura parizIlanake AdhArapara bauddha-nirvANake bAremeM maiM jo kucha samajhA hU~ usakA atisaMkSepameM yahA~para nirdeza karanA sthAnaprApta hai| piTakavAdI prAcIna bauddha aura vyAkhyAvAdI vaibhASika madhyamapratipadAkA anusaraNa karake sthira dravyakA inkAra karate rahe aura kSaNika dharmoMko sat mAnakara unheM saMskRta kahate rhe| sAtha hI ve AkAza evaM nirvANa ye do asaMskRta tattva bhI mAnate rhe| ve pudgalanairAtmyavAdI haiM, kyoMki kSaNika dharmoM kI paramparAmeM pudgala arthAt jIva nAmake kisI sthira dravyakA astitva ve svIkAra nahIM karate haiM-asaMskRta nirvANa arthAt kAryakAraNabhAva yA pratItyasamutpAdake niyamake anusAra utpanna nahIM aisA nirvANa / parantu aisA nirvANa mAnanepara bhI usa dazAkA koI bhAvAtmaka citra unhoMne nahIM khiiNcaa| ve itanA hI kahakara chuTTI pA lete haiM ki duHkha aura duHkhahetu arthAt samudaya ina donoMkA anta hI

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76 nirvANa hai / parantu jAna par3atA hai ki itara sthirAtmavAdI dArzanikoMne jaba AkSepa kiyA ki tumhArA yaha nirvANa to mAtra abhAvAtmaka hai, taba kyA aisA samajhanA ki buddhane nirvANa prApta kiyA isakA artha abhAva rUpa bane ? kucha to aise AkSepa ke uttararUpase aura kucha svayaM saMgati biThAne ke pariNAmarUpase vaibhASikane nirvANakA svarUpa aisA upasthita kiyA ki jo kevala abhAvarUpa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| unhoMne kahA ki duHkha aura usake kAraNake ucchedase jo asaMskRta nirvANa samajhA jAtA hai vaha sirfa abhAvAtmaka nahIM hai, para eka bhAvAtmaka tattva haiM / unhoMne isa taraha nirvANa yA nirodha satyako duHkhoMke abhAva se upalakSita eka asaMskRta bhAvatattvarUpa sUcita kiyaa| unakI yaha mAnyatA yA kalpanA bahuta kucha aMzoMmeM nyAya-vaizeSikasammata apavargakI kalpanAse milatI-julatI hai / Azcarya nahIM ki isa bAta meM prAcIna bauddhoMpara nyAya-vaizeSika mAnyatAkA asara par3A ho / zradhyAtmavicAraNA buddhane nirvANako avyAkRta kahA thA aura usakA koI spaSTa nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA thA / dUsarI tarafa Asa-pAsake itara dArzanika nirvANake svarUpakA apane-apane DhaMga se spaSTa nirUpaNa karate the / isase bauddha vicArakoM ko bhI nirvANake bAremeM kucha-na-kucha apane DhaMga se nirUpaNa kiye binA caina kaise par3a sakatA thA ? isa bAre meM buddha ke kathanakA koI nirvivAda AdhAra sammukha na hone se bauddha vidvAn kalpanA karane meM svataMtra the / unheM eka tarafase apanI bauddha praNAlI bacAnekI cintA aura dUsarI tarafase dArzanikoM ke AkSepoMkA saMgata uttara denekI cintA / isa mAnasika saMgharSane bauddha paramparAmeM aneka vidvAnoMko bhinna-bhinna tarahakI kalpanA karane ke lie prerita kiyaa| unameM se, jisameM mahAsAMghika vAtsIputrIya Adi the aisI hInayAna zAkhA kI ora abhiruci rakhanevAle kucha loga sautrA -

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paramAtmatatva ntika rUpase alaga pdd'e| ye prArambhika sautrAntikake nAmase pahacAne jAte haiN| inhoMne nirvANa-dazAmeM sUkSma rUpase caitanya mAnA aura kahA ki nirvANa-dazAmeM sirpha duHkhakA abhAva hI nahIM hai, para sAMsArika jIvanase rahita sUkSma caitanyakA sadbhAva bhI hai| yaha eka nayA kadama thA, jo AkSepakArI itara dArzanika evaM antargata bauddha cintakoMko bhI santoSa de sake aisA thA, para sautrAntika yahIMpara hI na ruke| unameM aise bhI pragatizIla vicAraka Aye jinhoMne sAhasapUrvaka kaha diyA ki nirvANa saMsArase pRthak koI satya nahIM hai| unakI dRSTi meM aba buddha kevala manuSyarUpa hI na the, para eka manuSyottara divya rUpa the / aisA buddha kabhI naSTa nahIM hotaa| unhoMne isake lie 'dharmakAya' zabdakA prayoga kiyA aura kahA ki aisA dharmakAya arthAt lokottara buddha to zAzvata hai aura sajIva vizvapravAha usakA zarIra hai / yaha kalpanA kucha-kucha sAMkhyayogakI kalpanAke anurUpa hai, kyoMki sAMkhya-yogadarzana bhI pravAhazAla prakRtiprapaMcako mAnakara usake pIche taTastha AdhArarUpa puruSatattvako svIkAra karatI hai| pragatizIla sautrAntika vastutaH mahAyAna mArgake puraskartA hI haiM / unakI uparyukta kalpanAmeMse sahaja hI vijJAnavAda-yogAcAra astitvameM AyA / vijJAnavAdane Age bar3hakara yaha kaha diyA ki dharmakAyarUpase AlayavijJAna hI ekamAtra pAramArthika hai aura usake atirikta usapara bhAsita honevAlA sArA indriya, mana, viSaya AdikA prapaMca kevala avidyAkalpita hai / vijJAnavAdIke matase AlayavijJAnarUpase dharmakAya hI pAramArthika sat aura vahI lokottara buddha yA nirvANa hai| sautrAntikoMkI dRSTise sajIva vizvapravAha aura antargata caitanya donoM sammilita rUpase sat the to vijJAnavAdIke matase mAtra prAlayavijJAnarUpase nirvANa hI

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adhyAtmavicAraNA pAramArthika sat rahA aura usase bhinna vizvaprapaMcakA mithyAtva mAnA gayA / vijJAnavAdakI yaha mAnyatA aupaniSada advaitavAdase milatI hai; kyoMki, bhinna-bhinna rUpase hI sahI, donoMmeM ekamAtra vijJAna arthAt caitanyakA pAramArthikatva mAnA gayA hai| vijJAnavAdane pravRttivijJAna aura usake viSayoMkA mithyAtva sthApita kiyA aura isa taraha mAdhyamika zUnyavAdakI naI bhUmikA nirmita kii| nAgArjuna jaise prabala zUnyavAdI tArkikane kaha diyA ki aisA AlayavijJAna bhI takagrAhya nahIM hai| jo bhASA evaM tarkakI maryAdAmeM athavA dezakAlakI sAMketika paribhASAmeM pratipAdita hai vaha sApekSa hotA hai, ataH saba kucha svabhAvazUnya hai / svabhAvasat athavA pAramArthikasat to yogIjJAna yA paramaprajJAkA viSaya hai| usameM koI daizika yA kAlika khaNDa hai hI nhiiN| ataeva vahI saccA nirvANa hai / zUnyavAdakA yaha darzana kevalAdvaitIke nirguNa brahmavAda jaisA hai| ekameM niSedhAMza pradhAna hai to dUsaremeM niSedhake sAtha vidhi-aMza bhI hai| isa taraha buddha bhagavAnke nirvANaviSayaka avyAkRtavAdake kAraNa nirvANake bAremeM aneka kalpanAe~ astitvameM aaii| ye kalpanAe~ kisI-na-kisI dUsare darzanake sAtha milatI bhI haiN| ___ aba jainadarzanako lekara vicAra kreN| jaina-paramparA prArambhase nirgrantha-paramparAke nAmase prasiddha hai| buddhake pahale bhI isa paramparAkA astitva thaa| isI paramparAma mahAvIra hue| mahAvIrako tattvajJAna evaM AcArakI virAsata pUrvavartI pArzvanAthakI paramparA dvArA hI prApta huI hai| isa samaya hamAre pAsa jo aitihAsika jJAna-sAmagrI hai vaha itanA hI jatAtI hai ki jaina-paramparAkI tattvajJAna evaM AcAraviSayaka jo maulika mAnyatAe~ haiM ve yA to mahAvIra dvArA nirUpita haiM yA unake dvArA samarthita haiN| mahA

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76 paramAtmatatva vIrake zAsanameM abataka aneka gaccha aura zAkhAoMke bheda par3e haiN| inameM Aja pradhAna rUpase kahe jA sake aise cAra firke maujUda haiM-zvetAmbara, digaMbara, sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMtha / inameMse pahaleke do prAcIna haiM jaba ki pIcheke do kramazaH arvAcIna aura arvAcInatara / ina cAroM fioMmeM tattvajJAnake mukhya-mukhya siddhAntoMmeM kisI bhI tarahakA matabheda nahIM hai / jo matabheda hai vaha to khAsa taurapara AcArakI vyAvahArika praNAliyoMke bAre meM tathA upAsanAke viSayameM hai / mokSa aura nirvANakI kalpanA to jainaparamparAkI nIva hI hai| isake tAttvika svarUpake bAremeM jainaparamparAkI sabhI zAkhAe~ pUrNa rUpase ekamata haiM / vaidika darzanoMmeM tathA bauddha-paramparAkI zAkhAoM meM mokSake svarUpake bAre meM jo matabheda hai vaha Upara dikhAyA gayA hai| usake sAtha jaina-paramparAkI sabhI zAkhAoM meM matabhedarahita athavA eka hI prakArake mokSake svarUpakI tulanA kareM to tanika Azcaryake sAtha prazna hotA hai ki jainetara-paramparAoMkI zAkhAoMkA jaba Apasa-ApasameM itanA matabheda hai taba jaina paramparAkI zAkhAoMmeM kucha bhI matabheda nahIM, to isakA kAraNa yA rahasya kyA hai ? isakA uttara yahA~para aprAsaMgika na hogaa| Rgveda Adike maMtroMmeM kahIMpara bhI mokSake svarUpakI carcA dikhAI nahIM pdd'tii| alabattA, vedAnta-upaniSadoMmeM mokSakA svarUpa jatAnevAle vacana haiM hI / ina vacanoMkA AdhAra lekara bhinna-bhinna zrAcAryoMne apanI-apanI.paramparA, kalpanA evaM tarkazaktike balapara mokSake svarUpakA bhitra-bhinna rUpase nirUpaNa kiyA hai| aisA honepara bhI sabakA baidika paramparAmeM samAveza hotA hai to usakA ekamAtra kAraNa vedoMkA eka yA dUsare rUpameM prAmANya mAnanA hai / vedoMkA prAmANya mAnya rakhanepara dUsarI sabhI bAtoMmeM vicAra evaM tarka

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adhyAtmavicAraNA svAtaMtryake lie vaidika paramparAmeM pUrNa avakAza hai| isI taraha bauddha-paramparAmeM vicAra evaM tarka-svAtantryake lie sampUrNa avakAza rahA hai / yadyapi bauddhazAstra vedoMkI bhA~ti apauruSeya yA IzvarapraNIta nahIM mAne jAte, kintu jainazAstroMkI bhA~ti manuSyakRta hI mAne jAte haiM, phira bhI buddhane svayaM hI apane sarvajJatvakA niSedha kiyA thA aura apane vacanoMko bhI parIkSA karake hI mAnaneko kahA thA, jaba ki mahAvIrakI sthiti isase bhinna hai / prApta ullekhoMke AdhArapara mahAvIrane svayaM hI apaneko trikAlajJa aura sarvajJa kahA hai, aura sAtha hI sarvajJabhASitameM niHzaMka rahanepara adhika jora diyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa bauddha-paramparAmeM vicAra evaM tarkakA jitanA svAtaMtrya khilA hai utanA jaina-paramparAmeM nahIM khilA / jo vicAraka aura tArkika AcArya jaina paramparAmeM hue una sabako AgamoMmeM ullikhita mokSake svarUpakA pratipAdana karanevAle vacanoMmeMse phalita honevAle sIdhe arthakA hI nirUpaNa karanA thA aura use hI adhika vizada karanA thA, aura aise vacanoMmeMse sIdhe taurapara phalita na honevAle bhAvakA pratipAdana karanekI to guMjAiza hI pahalese nahIM thii| isIse aura mukhyataH isIse jaina-paramparAke tattvajJAnake anya siddhAMtoMkI bhA~ti mokSake svarUpake bAremeM bhI pUrNa aikyamatya dekhA jAtA hai|' jainadarzana pariNAminityatAke siddhAntako mAnatA hai, para vaha sAMkhya-yoga darzanakI bhA~ti usa siddhAntako kevala jar3a yA acetana tattva taka hI maryAdita nahIM rkhtaa| jainadarzana cetana, jIva yA Atmadravyako bhI pariNAminitya mAnatA hai| usakI yaha pariNAmi 1. vaidika paramparA AgamavAdI to hai hI, para jina upaniSadoMke AdhArapara mokSa ke svarUpakA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai ve upaniSada kisI eka hI kartAke nahIM mAne jAte, jaba ki jaina-paramparAke AgamoMkA mUla ekamAtra bhagavAn mahAvIrakA upadeza mAnA jAtA hai|

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81 nityatA dravyake atirikta usakI sahabhU zaktiyoMtaka phailI huI hai| isase jainadarzana Atmadravyako nyAya-vaizeSika AdikI bhA~ti vibhu nahIM mAnatA aura rAmAnuja AdikI bhA~ti aNuparimANa bhI nahIM mAnatA / vaha to use madhyama parimANa mAnakara usakA saMkoca - vistAra svIkAra karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki cIMTI jaise sUkSma jantuoM meM jIva unakI deha jitanA hotA hai to hAthI jaise prANImeM vahI jIva jaba janma letA hai taba usakI deha jitanA banatA hai / isa taraha zarIra ke saMkoca - vistAra ke anusAra saMsArI jIvakA bhI saMkocavistAra hotA hai / yaha huI jainadarzanake anusAra dravyakI pariNAminityatA, kyoMki jIva dravya vyaktirUpase to vahIkA vahI arthAt zAzvata, aura parimANakI dRSTise usakA qada parivartanazIla arthAt pariNAmI / isa siddhAnta ke anusAra jainadarzanane pahale se hI aisA mAnA hai ki muktidazA meM arthAt dehamukta sthiti meM jIva dravya qadameM usake caramazarIrakA prAyaH bhAga jitanA rahatA hai / yaha mAnyatA bAkqI ke sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kI mAnyatAse bilakula bhinna hai, kyoMki kaI darzana mukta AtmAko vibhu hI, to kaI darzana aparimANa hI mAnate haiM / koI-koI darzana usake muktikAlIna parimANake bAremeM kucha bhI spaSTa rUpase nahIM kahate, jaba ki jainadarzana madhyamaparimANakI mAnyatA ke anusAra muktidazAmeM Atmadravyake parimANake bAremeM eka sunizcita mAnyatA rakhatA hai / paramAtmatattva jainadarzana muktasthiti meM sarvathA AvaraNavilaya ke kAraNa Atmadravyake cetanA, Ananda Adi sahabhU anAdi-ananta guNa yA zaktiyoMkA bhI sampUrNa aura zuddha vikAsa mAnatA hai / yaha jJAna yA sukhAnubhavarUpa vikAsa sAMkhya-yoga athavA kevalAdvaitadarzana kI bhA~ti caitanyakI abhivyakti mAtra nahIM hai, para yaha vikAsa cetanA, Ananda Adi zaktiyoMkA vizuddha jJAna aura sukhAnubhavarUpa satata 6

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adhyAtmavicAraNA avasthAntarita honevAlA pariNamana hai; arthAt jainadarzanake anusAra mukta AtmadravyameM sahabhUcetanA-Ananda Adi zaktiyA~ anAvRta hokara sampUrNa vizuddha rUpase-jJAna-sukha Adi rUpase satata pariNata hotI rahatI haiM / vaha kevala kUTasthanitya nahIM hai, apitu zaktirUpase nitya honepara bhI pratisamaya honevAle naye-naye sadRza pariNAmapravAhake kAraNa pariNAmI bhI hai| isa taraha jainadarzanakA mokSakAlIna AtmasvarUpa dUsare sabhI darzanoMse kisI-na-kisI taraha judA par3atA hai / samAnatA ho to nyAya-vaizeSika Adi darzanoMke sAtha dravyarUpase sthira rahane ke bAre meM aura sAMkhya yoga tathA advaitadarzanoMke sAtha sahabhU guNakI abhivyakti yA prakAzake bAremeM / yadyapi yogAcAra yA vijJAnavAdI bauddha-zAkhAke granthoMparase bahuta spaSTa taurapara phalita nahIM hotA, phira bhI aisA lagatA hai ki ve bhI mUlameM kSaNavAdI haiM, ataH muktikAlameM AlayavijJAnako vizuddha mAnakara usakA satata kSaNapravAha mAneM tabhI bauddha maulika mAnyatA saMgata ho sakatI hai / yadi ve aisA mAnate hoM to vaha jainadarzanakI mAnyatAke bahuta samIpa hai| ___Upara bhinna-bhinna darzanoMke anusAra mokSake svarUpakA jo citra khIMcA hai usase, Upara Uparase dekhanepara, kucha paraspara virodhI mAnyatAoMkA khyAla AtA hai, para aisA mAnyatAbheda honepara bhI eka sarvasAdhAraNa nirvivAda mAnyatA yaha hai ki vaha svarUpa vANI aura manase arthAt tarka-vitarkase agocara hai / upaniSada aura jainaAgamoMmeM isa vicArakA pratighoSa hai / aisA lagatA hai ki buddhane isa vicArako kendra meM rakhakara aura usake svarUpako avyAkRta kahakara isa bAre meM mauna dhAraNa kiyA hai| 1. yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha / AnandaM brahmaNo vidvAn na bibheti kadAcana // taittirIya upa. 2. 4. 1.

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paramAtmatatva 83 mukta, brahmabhUta yA narvANaprApta AtmA ke svarUpa ke bAremeM thor3A jAna lene ke bAda deza aura kAlake pravAha meM vicAra karane ke AdI hamAre manameM eka prazna uThatA hai ki ve mukta jIvAtmA videhamukti prApta karane ke bAda rahate haiM kisa sthAna meM ? cetana yA acetana koI bhI tattva vastutaH yadi dravyarUpa hai to usakA koI-na-koI sthAna honA hI cAhiye / isa praznane bhI AdhyAtmika evaM dArzanika cinta koMko vicAra karane ke lie prerita kiyA / isa taraha ke vicArake pariNAmasvarUpa unhoMne apane-apane dArzanika siddhAntoMke sAtha saMgata ho aise uttara diye haiM aura ve bahudhA eka dUsare se sarvathA viruddha bhI lagate haiM / udAharaNArtha, jo AtmavibhutvavAdI hone se sa hovAcaitadvai tadakSaraM gArgi brAhmaNA abhivadantyasthUlamanavahrasvamadI - malohitamasnehamacchAyamatamo'vAyvanAkAzamasaGgamarasamagandhamacakSuSkamazrotra mavAgamano'tejaskamaprANamamukhamamAtramanantaramabAhyaM na tadaznAti kiMcana na tadaznAti kazcana / --bRhada. 3, 8. 8; 4.5 15; kaThopa. 1. 3. 15. savve sarA niyaTTanti / takkA jattha na vijjai, maI tattha na gahiyA / e pArasa kheyanne / se na dIhe na isse na vaTTe na taMse na cauraMse na parimaNDale na ki he na nIle na lohie na hAlidde na sukkile na surabhigandhena durabhigandhe na titte na kaDue na kasAena bile na mahure na kakkaDe na maue na guruMe na lahue na sIe na urAhe na niddhe na lukkhe na kAu na ruhe na saMge na itthI na purise na annahA / parinne sanne uvamA na vijjai / rUvI sattA, payassa payaM natthi / se na sadde na rUve na gandhe na rase na phAse iccedhAvanti tti bemi / 1 - AcArAMgasUtra 170-171. isI bhAvake bauddha ullekhoM ke lie dekho majjhimanikAya cUlamAlu - kyasutta 63, saMyuttanikAya 44 /

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58 zradhyAtmavicAraNA AtmAko sarvavyApI mAnate haiM unakA uttara eka hai to jo AtmAtvavAdI yA Atma- madhyamaparimANavAdI haiM, unakA uttara dUsarA hai / AtmavibhutvavAdiyoM meM bhI koI anekAtmavAdI haiM to koI ekA tmavAdI, ataH unake uttaroMmeM bhI kucha-na-kucha pharka zranekA hI / isI taraha jo jIvAtmA aura nityamukta paramAtmA ina donoMkA sarvathA bhinna athavA bhinnAbhinna astitva mAnate haiM unakA uttara bhI kucha-na-kucha bhinna hI hogA / nyAya-vaizeSika aura sAMkhya yoga jisa taraha AtmavibhutvavAdI haiM usI taraha AtmabahutvavAdI bhI haiN| isase unake mata ke anusAra videhamukta AtmAkA sAMsArika dazAkA kSetra aura mukta dazAkA kSetra judA zakya hI nahIM hai / ve to sirpha itanA hI kahate haiM ki jaba videhamukti hotI hai taba usa AtmAke sAtha anAdi ajJAta kAlase lage hue sUkSma zarIrakA aura usake phalarUpa prApta hone vAle sthUla zarIroMkA sambandha sarvadA ke lie chUTa jAtA hai itanA hI / jIvAtmA yA puruSa paraspara sarvathA bhinna haiM, ataH muktidazAmeM bhI paraspara bhinnaM svarUpase jaise sarvavyApI haiM vaise hI sarvavyApI rahate haiM, para vizeSatA itanI hI hai ki usa samaya zarIrakA sambandha bilakula nahIM rahatA / yadyapi kevalAdvaitI brahmavAdI bhI AtmAkA vibhutva mAnate haiM, parantu ve nyAya-vaizeSika AdikI bhA~ti jIvAtmAkA vAstavika bahutva aura jIvAtmA evaM brahmake bIcakA vAstavika bhinnatva nahIM maante| isase unakA uttara nyAya-vaizeSika Adi uttarakI apekSA bhinna hI hogA / ve aisA kahate haiM ki mukta hone kA matalaba sUkSma zarIra yA antaHkaraNakA sarvathA vilaya honA to hai hI, para aisA vilaya hote hI usa upAdhike kAraNa jIvakA brahmasvarUpase jo pRthaktva pratibhAsita hotA rahatA hai vaha pratibhAsa aba nahIM hotA, aura tattvarUpase jo jIva brahmasvarUpa

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paramAtmatattva hI thA vaha, upAdhi dUra honepara, kevala brahmasvarUpa hI anubhUta hotA hai| isase kevalAdvaitI brahmavAdIke anusAra phalita aisA hotA hai ki jo-jo jIvAtmA sAdhanAke balapara mukta hote haiM ve saba antameM ekamAtra brahmasvarUpa hI haiM aura unake bIca bhedaka upAdhi na honese unameM na to parasparameM bheda hai aura na parabrahmake sAtha bheda / bhakta narasiMha mahetAke zabdoMmeM-'ante hemarnu hema hoye|" arthAt antameM sonekA sonA hI rahatA hai| aNujIvAtmavAdI vaiSNava-paramparAoMko kucha dUsarI hI kalpanA karanI par3I hai / rAmAnuja jaise viziSTAdvaitI, jo vAstavika 1. sArA pada isa prakAra haiveda to rAma vade zruti-smRti zAkha de kanaka-kuMDala viSe bheda noye / . ghATa ghaDiyA pachI nAmarUpa jUjavAM aMte to hemanuM hema hoye / / arthAt veda yoM kahate haiM tathA zruti evaM smRti bhI gavAhI detI haiM ki svarNa aura svarNakuMDala ke bIca bheda nahIM hai| AkAra nirmita honeke pazcAt nAma evaM rUpa bhinna-bhinna hote haiM, kintu antameM to sonekA sonA ho rahatA hai| kabIrakA nimnokta pada bhI yahI bAta sUcita karatA haidariyAvakI lahara dariyAva hai jI dariyAva aura laharameM bhinna koyam / uThe to nIra hai baiThe to nIra hai kaho jo dUsarA kisa taraha hoyam // usIkA pherake nAma lahara dharA laharake kahe kyA nIra khoyam / jakta hI phera jaba jakta parabrahmameM ..' . jJAna kara dekha. mAla. goyam //

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adhyAtmavicAraNA jIvabahutva mAnate haiM aura phira bhI parabrahma vAsudevase unakA sarvathA bheda nahIM mAnate, unakA aisA mantavya hai ki jIvAtmA jaba mukta hotA hai taba vaha vAsudevake dhAma vaikuNTha yA brahmalokameM jAtA hai aura vAsudevake sannidhAnameM unake eka aMzarUpase unake jaisA hokara sadA basatA hai| madhva, jo aNujIvavAdI honepara bhI jIvako parabrahmase sarvathA bhinna mAnatA hai, vaha bhI muktajIvakI sthiti viSNuke sannidhAnameM-lokavizeSameM hotI hai aisI kalpanA karatA hai| zuddhAdvaitavAdI vallabha bhI aNujIvavAdI hai, para vaha brahmapariNAmavAdI honese dUsarI hI taraha mukti ghaTAtA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki eka prakArake bhakta jIva aise haiM jo mukta honepara akSarabrahmameM ekarUpa ho jAte haiM, jaba ki dUsare puSTi-bhaktisampanna jIva parabrahmasvarUpa honepara bhI parabrahmakI bhaktike lie hI punaH avatAra dhAraNa karate haiM aura muktavat vicarate haiN| __madhyamaparimANa-jIvavAdI jainadarzanakA mantavya eka tarahase aNujIvavAdI vaiSNava-paramparAke sAtha kucha-kucha milatA hai to dUsarI tarahase usase kucha alaga bhI par3atA hai| jainadarzana jIvAmAoMse bhinna Izvara, paramAtmA yA parabrahmakA koI vAstavika astitva nahIM mAnatA, ataH use aisI kalpanA nahIM karanI par3atI ki mukta jIva paramAtmAke sannidhAnameM arthAt lokavizeSameM jAtA hai aura rahatA hai| phira bhI vaha hai to mUlameM madhyamaparimANako mAnanevAlA, ataH jisa prakAra aNu jIva gati karake eka sthAnase sthAnAntarameM vastutaH jAtA hai aisI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai, usI taraha madhyamaparimANa arthAt zarIraparimANa jIva bhI zarIra dUra hote hI eka sthAnase sthAnAntarameM gati karake vastutaH jA sakatA hai| aisA honese jainadarzanane mukta jIvake lie eka sthAnavizeSakI bhI kalpanA kI hai / alabattA, vaiSNava-paramparAoM meM brahmaloka zabda

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paramAtmatatva prasiddha hai / jaina paramparAmeM bhI brahma toka mAnA gayA hai, para vaha brahmaloka vaiSNavakoTikA nahIM; usakI to kevala punarjanma prApta karanevAle amuka devake eka svargadhAmake rUpameM kalpanA kI gaI hai| jainaparamparA mukta jIvoMke adhiSThAna ke lie jisa sthAna - kI kalpanA karatI hai vaha to samaya lokake mastaka para -- antameM AyA hai / use 'siddhasthAna' kahate haiN| vaha kahatI hai ki samagra mukta jIva apane-apane vAstavika bhedake sAtha usa sthAna meM sadA ke lie sthAyI rahate haiM aura tattvataH ve saba bhinna honepara bhI jJAna evaM zuddhikI dRSTise samAna hI haiM / d bauddhadarzana jisa taraha muktadazAmeM jIvake svarUpa ke bAremeM pahale se koI nirUpaNa karatA nahIM thA phira bhI uttarakAla meM kaI bauddha dArzanikoMne muktacittake vizuddha vijJAnasvarUpakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, usI taraha usake muktikAlIna sthAnake bAremeM bhI huA hai / prAcIna bauddha ullekhoMpara se aisA kucha phalita nahIM hotA ki muktapudgala yA buddhakA koI amuka sthAna hai, para uttarakAlIna vijJAnavAdI jaise bauddha dArzanika aisA mAnate pratIta hote haiM ki muktacittakA eka vizuddha vijJAnasantatirUpase sarvadA astitva rahatA hai aura aisI vijJAnasantatiyA~ pudgalabhedase bhinna haiM / isase aisA phalita hotA hai ki mukta vijJAnasantatiko baddha dazAke sthAna se koI sthAnAntara karanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai; usa samaya sirpha ajJAna evaM rAga-dveSake pariNAmasvarUpa sUkSma tathA sthUla zarIrakA sambandha sarvathA naSTa hotA hai itanA hI / isa taraha vijJAna vAdiyoMkA sthAnaviSayaka mantavya spaSTa na honepara antataH vaha bhI avyAkRta hI rahatA hai' / 1. bauddhamata ke anusAra nirvANake sthAnakI carcA milindapaJhoM

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adhyAtmavicAraNA muktike sthAnake bAremeM jo dArzanika mAnyatAe~ haiM ve, uparyukta rItise, sarvathA bhinna haiM yaha sahI, para unameM jo sarvasAmAnya mahattvakA tattva samAviSTa hai usa ora dhyAna deM to aisA lagegA ki AdhyAtmika anubhavakI nIMvameM koI pharka nahIM hai, phira cAhe dArzanika nirUpaNameM bheda kyoM na par3atA ho / vaha AdhyAtmika anubhava kaunasA hai, isake bAre meM vicAra karanepara khuda mujhe to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki deza-kAlake pravAhameM hI astitva rakhanevAlA aura usa pravAhake anusAra hI vicAra evaM kalpanA karanevAlA citta jaba ajJAna aura rAga-dveSake AvaraNoMse sarvathA mukta hotA hai taba vaha svayaM hI apanA astitva kho baiThatA hai aura jo kucha vizuddharUpameM yA bhAvarUpameM bAkI rahatA hai usake lie aise deza-kAlakRta bhedakA avalambana karake hI socanesamajhane yA vicArane jaisA kucha nahIM rahatA, aura deza-kAlake bhedakA avalambana karanevAlI kalpanAoM athavA bhASAbhedakA sparza taka nahIM hotaa| ataeva jo paripUrNa mukta banatA hai vaha to antameM itanA hI kaha sakatA hai ki antima svarUpa anubhavagamya hai, tarka yA vANIse agocara hai / yadi aisA hai to pratyeka darzanake antima pramANarUpa mAne jAnevAle granthoMmeM jo muktakA svarUpa aura muktike sthAnakA bhinna-bhinna nirUpaNa milatA hai vaha kyoM ?-- yaha prazna sAhajika hai| isakA uttara itanA hI diyA jA sakatA hai ki manuSyavargakI koI eka nizcita bhASA nahIM hai| vaha jaise dezabhedase bhinna hotI hai vaise hI kAlabhedase bhI badalatI rahatI hai| isI taraha saMskAra evaM AcArapraNAliyA~ bhI bhinna-bhinna (4.8.62-4 ) meM hai| isakA sAra gaNadharavAdakI prastAvanA pR0 107-8 meM hai|

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paramAtmatattva dekhI jAtI haiN| isameM bhI tattvajJAna tathA dharmakI paribhASAe~ to cAlU bhASAse eka hI paramparAmeM kucha-na-kucha bhinna honekI hI / yadi hama mAna leM ki amuka sAdhaka AdhyAtmikatAkI pUrNa kakSApara pahu~cA hai / yahA~ prazna hogA ki aisA sAdhaka apane AsapAsa ikaTThe honevAle jijJAsuvargako apanA anubhava kisa bhASAmeM aura kisa taraha kahegA ? isakA ekadama samajhameM A sake aisA uttara yahI ho sakatA hai ki vaha pUrNa AdhyAtmika puruSa svayaM sAdhaka avasthAmeM jisa bhASA, paribhASA evaM praNAlIse paricita ho aura sAmane upasthita jijJAsuvargako jisa bhASA, paribhASA evaM praNAlIse thor3A bahuta paricaya ho usIke dvArA vaha apanA AdhyAtmika anubhava jatA sakatA hai| yahA~ yaha bAta dhyAnameM rakhanI Avazyaka hai ki apanA AdhyAtmika anubhava kahate samaya usake AdhyAtmika anubhavameM eka bAtakA citra spaSTa evaM asaMdigdha hotA hai ki antima koTikA AdhyAtmika anubhava na to zabdagamya hI hai aura na tarkagamya / isa vajahase vaisA AdhyAtmika eka tarafase muktake svarUpa aura usake sthAnake bAremeM neti-neti, vAG-manas agocaratA, avyAkRtatA jaise udgAra nikAlatA hai to dUsarI tarafase anya paramparAmeM mAnya ho aise pUrNa AdhyAtmikakI vyAvahArika nirUpaNazailIse kucha-na-kucha bhinna yA bhinna pratIta honevAlI zailImeM apanA vaktavya kahatA hai| isa taraha sacamuca pUNetApara pahu~ce hue AdhyAtmikoMke anubhavakI ekarUpatA bhI dezakAlakI bhinna-bhinna vyavahArapraNAliyoMse khaNDita hokara antameM paraspara viruddha haiM aisA sAdhAraNa adhikAriyoMko lagA hI karatA hai / yahA~para yaha bhI na bhUlanA cAhiye ki sacamuca AdhyAtmika kahe jA sakeM aise aneka puruSoMke aise bhI udgAra milate haiM ki hama jo kucha kahate haiM vaha to vyAvahArika nirUpaNa hai, aura aise vyAvahArika

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adhyAtmavicAralA nirUpaNa aneka ho sakate haiN| ina sabakA bheda pAramArthika antima anubhavameM gala jAtA hai| pUrNa AdhyAtmika mAne jAnevAle puruSane bhI aisA nahIM kahA hai ki vaha jo kucha kahatA hai usImeM antima anubhava A jAtA hai| isake atirikta atisUkSma evaM atIndriya AdhyAtmika tattva aura unake svarUpake nirUpaNake bAremeM sampradAyabheda aura panthabhedase bheda par3anekA dUsarA bhI eka kAraNa hai aura vaha yaha ki mUlapuruSake anuyAyI yA uttarAdhikArI mAne jAnevAle tathA pUje jAnevAle AcArya evaM vidvAn adhUrI evaM aspaSTa samajha honepara bhI mulapuruSake anubhava pUrI taurapara samajhe hoM isa taraha usakA vyAkhyAna va nirUpaNa karate haiM tathA granthoMkI racanA karate haiN| isakA pariNAma dArzanika praNAliyoMke pArasparika saMgharSa meM AtA hai| yaha bAta jitane aMzameM bhAratIya darzana evaM dharmoko tathA unakI upazAkhAoMko lAgU hotI hai, utane hI aMzameM jarathostI, IsAI aura islAma Adi dharmoko bhI lAgU hotI hai / 1 nAnyayA bhASayA mlecchaH zakyo grAhayituM yathA / na laukikamRte lokaH zakyo grAhayituM tathA // -mAdhyamikavRtti pR0 370jaha Navi samakamaNajo aNajjabhAsaM viNA du gAhedUM / taha vavahAreNa viNA paramavatyudesaNamasakkaM // -samayasAra kA08 para

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adhyAtmasAdhanA aba hama isa bAtakA vicAra kareMge ki AdhyAtmika sAdhanAkI bhinna-bhinna praNAliyoM evaM tattvanirUpaNameM bheda hote hue bhI AdhyAtmika sAdhanAoMkA mUlabhUta mantavya kisa prakAra ekarUpa hI hai| __kisI ajJAta kSaNameM ekAdha viziSTa vyaktimeM bhautikatA-virodhI zuddha AdhyAtmika vRtti udita huii| isake sAtha hI usameM AdhyAtmika jIvanakI kucha bhI jhalaka pragaTa huI / aise jIvanako sAkAra karanekI prabala utkaNThAne use Adarza jIvanake sAdhaka puruSArthakI ora prerita kiyaa| yahIMse AdhyAtmika sAdhanA zurU huii| vaha vaiyaktika sAdhanA dhIre-dhIre choTe-moTe kSetroM meM phailii| bar3hate-bar3hate isane bhinna-bhinna dikhAI denevAle aneka svarUpa aura kabhI-kabhI to paraspara viruddha dikhAI de aise svarUpa bhI dhAraNa kiye| ye svarUpa aneka prakArakI sAmpradAyika sAdhanAoMke rUpameM bhAratIya sAhityameM ullikhita haiN| inameMse aneka to Aja bhI jIvita dharma-paramparAoMmeM dRSTigocara bhI hote haiN| aisA honepara bhI aisI AdhyAtmika sAdhanAoMkI vibhinna paramparAoMkI hamAre pAsa jo kamase kama tIna-cAra hajAra varSa purAnI virAsata aura itihAsa hai tathA isake mUlameM jo ekatA rahI huI hai use dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki paraspara bhinna aura viruddha dikhAI denevAlI dArzanika evaM sAdhakoMkI paramparAoMkA AdhAra AdhyAtmika jIvanakI saccI samajha tathA anubhUti hai| yadi aisA na

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62 adhyAtmavicAraNA hotA to maulika ekatA kadApi surakSita raha na paatii| yaha maulika ekatA kyA hai, ise hama pahale dekheM aura isakI nIMvapara calanevAlI sAdhanA-paramparAe~ kina baloM va mAnasika vRttiyoMke kAraNa eka dUsarIse alaga-sI jAna par3atI haiM, isakA bhI kramazaH vicAra kreN| ___ zArIrika tathA mAnasika vedanAoMkA lambA anubhava manuSyajAtike pAsa thaa| kucha samajhadAra aura vicakSaNa puruSa yathAmati inake kAraNoMkI khoja bhI kara rahe the| unhoMne ina bAdhAoMko dUra karane ke upAya bhI DhUMr3ha nikAle the, aura naye naye upAya khoje bhI jA rahe the| isa prakArake viziSTa anubhavoMkI virAsatavAlI mAnavajAtimeM jaba AdhyAtmika antazcetanA jAgRta hotI hai taba svAbhAvikatayA isa prakArakI antavRttivAle viziSTa vyakti hI AdhyAtmika jIvanameM bhautika tathA sthUla jIvanameM prApta anubhavoMkA upayoga karate haiM aura isI paddhatiko kAmameM lekara AdhyAtmika duHkha, usakA kAraNa, use dUra karaneke upAya Adike bAremeM vicAra evaM cintana karate haiM tathA isa vicAra evaM cintanake anusAra AcaraNa kara usakI yathArthatAkI jA~ca bhI karate haiN| huA bhI aisA hii| cikitsAzAstra meM zArIrika va mAnasika duHkhake kAraNake taurapara jIvana kaise jInA aura isa taraha jIneke lie paristhitikI kisa prakAra AyojanA karanI isakA ajJAna hI mukhyarUpase batAyA gayA hai| isa prajJAparAdhako dUra karane ke upAyoMmeM mukhya sthAna hai jIvana jInekI kalAke smygjnyaankaa'| 1. mithyAtihInayogebhyo yo vyAdhirupajAyate / zabdAdInAM sa vijJeyo vyAdhiraindriyako budhaiH / / vedanAnAmasAtmyAnAmityete hetavaH smRtAH / . ' sukhaheturmatastvekaH samayogaH . sudurlabhaH / /

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adhyAtmasAdhanA.. isIliye cikitsAzAstra cAra mukhya siddhAntoMke AdhArapara pravRtta huA hai'-(1) anubhavameM AnevAlA zArIrika-mAnasika duHkha heya hai, arthAt isakA nivAraNa zakya hai; (2) yaha duHkha binA kAraNa kabhI paidA nahIM hotA, ataH heyakA hetu bhI hai; (3) isa kAraNako dUra karane ke upAya bhI haiM; aura (4) ina upAyoMkA yathAvat avalambana karanese duHkha yA roga dUra hokara usakA sthAna sukha yA svAsthya arthAt hAna avazya letA hai| cikitsAzAstrakI paddhatike anusAra hI AdhyAtmika puruSoMne AdhyAtmika jIvanase sambaddha cAra mUla siddhAnta nizcita kiye haiN| ve ye haiM-(1) AdhyAtmika duHkha arthAt zuddhacaitanyakA bandhana arthAt apUrNatA, (2) isakA mukhya kAraNa avidyA yA ajJAna, (3) ajJAnako dUra karaneke lie samyagjJAna Adi upAyoMkA anuSThAna, aura (4) AdhyAtmika bandhanase mukti athavA pUrNatAkI siddhi / aisI koI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA nahIM hai jo uparyukta cAra siddhAntoMko asvIkAra kara calatI ho, phira bhale hI unake nAma bhinna-bhinna paramparAoMmeM bhinna-bhinna milate hoN| vastutaH ina cAra siddhAntoMke AdhArapara hI AdhyAtmika puruSa vicAra aura vyavahAra karate haiM athavA upadeza dete haiN| nendriyANi na caivArthAH sukhaduHkhasya hetavaH / hetustu sukhaduHkhasya yogo dRSTazcaturvidhaH // -carakasaMhitA, zArIrasthAna a0 1 zlo0 128-30 1. yathA cikitsAzAstraM catuvyUha rogo rogahetuH zrArogyaM bhaiSajyamiti / evamidamapi zAstraM caturtho hameva / tadyathA-saMsAraH saMsArahetu: mokSo mokSopAya iti / -yogadarzanabhASya 2. 15

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adhyAtmavicAraNA vaidika, bauddha aura jaina ina tInoM jIvita bhAratIya dharmaparamparAoMmeM uparyukta cAra siddhAnta yA satya kisa prakAra nirUpita kiye gaye haiM, yaha aba hama dekheN| vaidika paramparAkA vAGmaya ativizAla hai| vaha aneka bhASAoMmeM grathita hai| usameM nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, pUrvamImAMsA-uttaramImAMsA Adi aneka dArzanika pravAha vidyamAna haiN| upaniSad tathA gItA ye do grantha aise haiM jo samasta vaidika paramparAoMko mAnya haiM / unameM ye cAra siddhAnta milate to haiM, kintu unakA jaisA spaSTa aura uThAvadAra citra yogazAstrameM hai vaisA anyatra sulabha nhiiN| yaha yogazAstra sabhI prAcIna-arvAcIna, choTI-bar3I vaidika paramparAoMko mAnya bhI hai| ataH usake AdhArapara ina cAra siddhAntoMkA nirdeza yadi hama yahA~para kareM to use vaidika paramparAkA sarvasammata mantavya hI samajhanA caahiye| pataJjalikA samaya kucha bhI rahA ho, kintu usakA yogazAstra pUrvavartI aneka zatAbdiyoMkI yogasAdhanAke anubhavakA nicor3a hai, isameM do mata nahIM ho skte| yaha yogazAstra AdhyAtmika sAdhanAke mUlabhUta cAra satyoMkA vistRta evaM vizada vivecana karatA hai| usameM ina satyoMko heya, heyahetu, hAna aura hAnopAya-isa prakAra caturgrahake rUpameM batAyA hai / isIkA samarthana nyAyasUtrake bhASyakAra vAtsyAyane apane bhASyameM saMkSepase kiyA hai|' 1. heyaM duHkhamanAtagam // 16 // draSTadRzyayoH saMyogo heya hetuH // 17 / / tadabhAvAt saMyogAbhAvo hAnaM tad dRze: kaivalyam // 25 // vivekakhyAtiraviplavA hAnopAyaH // 26 // -yogadarzana, sAdhanapAda 2. heyaM tasya nirvartakaM hAnamAtyantikaM tasyopAyo'dhigantavya ityetAni catvAryarthapadAni samyagbuddhavA niHshreysmdhigcchti| -nyAyabhASya 1.1.1

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65 1 tathAgata buddhane ina cAra satyoMko Aryasatya kahA hai / ye Aryasatya duHkha (heya), samudaya (heyahetu), nirodha (hAna) tathA madhyamapratipadA athavA nirodhamArga (hAnopAya) ke nAmase bauddha paramparA meM prasiddha haiM / ' yahA~ satyakA artha hai jisameM anubhavakA bAdha na ho / sUkSma vivekapUrvaka apane jIvanakA vicAra karanevAlA tathA usakA pUrI sacAI ke sAtha anusaraNa karanevAlA sAdhaka kisI bhI deza, kAla athavA jAtikA kyoM na ho, para ina satyoMke viSaya meM usakA anubhava eka-sA hI hogA / isI dRSTise buddhane inheM satya kahA hai aura vaha bhI Arya satya / Arya arthAt deza, kAla athavA jAtike maryAdita baMdhanoM se mukta hokara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA karane vAlA puruSa / dhanA jainaparamparA ke Agama Adi prAcIna prAkRta granthoM kA sArasarvasva hai vAcaka umAsvAtikA tattvArthAdhigamasUtra jo pratyeka jaina phiraqako eka jaisA mAnya hai / usameM inhIM cAra satyoMkA bandha, AsrAva, mokSa tathA saMvara- ina cAra nAmoMse nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / bandha arthAt zuddha caitanyakA bandhana yA ajJAna - rAga-dveSa Adi doSoMke pariNAmarUpa duHkha yAnI heya / zrasrava arthAt zuddha caitanyako bA~dhanevAle athavA use lipta karanevAle doSa yAnI heyahetu athavA samudaya / mokSa yAnI bandhana se mukti arthAt hAna athavA nirodha / saMvara yAnI mokSamArga arthAt hAnopAya athavA nirodhamArga | isa prakAra sAmAnyatayA hama dekha sakate haiM ki samasta AdhyAtmika paramparAoMne apanI sAdhanAke mUlabhUta siddhAntoMke taura para cAra satya svIkAra kiye haiM | 1. majjhimanikAya bhayabhairavamutta 4 / *2. tattvArthasUtra 1. 4 /

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66 zradhyAtmavicAraNA prastuta cAra satyoMmeM se bhI yahA~ to mukhya rUpase do hI satyoMpara vicAra karanA abhISTa hai / inakA vicAra karanepara zeSa do satyoM para bhI prakAza par3a hI jAyagA / ve do satya haiM - (1) bandhana, duHkha yA saMsArakA kAraNa aura (2) use dUra karane ke upAya / pratyeka AdhyAtmika sAdhakane saMsArake mUla kAraNake taurapara avidyA hI mAnI hai| avidyA klezoMkA mUla hai| isakI upasthiti meM itara rAga-dveSa Adi kaSAya- kleza utpanna hue binA nahIM raha skte| yogazAstra meM pA~ca klezoMkA nirdeza kara unameM samasta doSoMkA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa evaM abhiniveza - ye pA~ca kleza haiM aura avidyAko hI avaziSTa klezoM kA kSetra arthAt prasavabhUmi kahA gayA hai| ye hI pA~ca kleza sAMkhyakArikAmeM pA~ca viparyayoM ke nAmase nirdiSTa haiM / kaNAda ne apane sUtroM meM avidyAko hI mUladoSa ke rUpameM batAte hue usake kAryake taurapara itara doSoMko batAyA hai / akSapAdane avidyA sthAna meM moha padakA prayoga kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki yadi moha na ho to itara rAga-dveSa Adi doSoMkI utpatti hI na ho' | pataMjalikA sUtra 'avidyA kSetramuttareSAM prasuptatanuvicchinno 1. avidyAsmitArAgadveSAbhinivezAH paJcaklezAH / zravidyA kSetramuttareSAM prasuptatanuvicchinnodArANAm / -- yogasUtra 2.3-4 - 47-48 2. 'paJca viparyayabhedAH' ityAdi sAMkhyakArikA 3. karaNAdakA yaha mantavya prazastapAdabhASya ke saMsArApavarga prakaraNa meM nirUpita hai / 4. duHkhajanmapravRttidoSamithyAjJAnAnAmuttarottarApAye tadanantarApAyAdapavargaH / - nyAyasUtra 1. 1. 2

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adhyAtmasAdhanA dArANAm' (2-4) tathA akSapAdake sUtra donoM eka hI bAta kahate haiN| upaniSad', gItA tathA brahmasUtrameM bhI mUla doSa athavA saMsArake bIjake taurapara avidyA hI mAnI gaI hai| tathAgata buddhane saMsArakI jisa kAraNamAlAkA nirdeza kiyA hai usameM mukhya avidyA hI hai| avidyA ho tabhI tRSNA Adi doSa utpanna hote haiN| jainaparamparAmeM bhI yahI bAta kahI gaI hai| usameM saMsArake kAraNake rUpa meM mukhya do vastue~ batAI gaI haiM-eka to darzanamoha aura dUsarA cAritramoha / anya paramparAoMmeM jo vastu avidyA, viparyaya, moha athavA ajJAnake nAmase batAI gaI hai vaha vastu jainaparamparAmeM darzanamoha athavA mithyAdarzanake nAmase batAI gaI hai / itara paramparAoMmeM jo anya kleza athavA doSa asmitA, tattrairAzyaM rAgadveSamohAntarabhAvAt / -nyAyasUtra 4. 1. 3 teSAM mohaH paapiiyaanaamuuddhtyetrotptteH| - , 4. 1.6 ina nyAyasUtroMkA bhASya bhI dekhanA cAhiye / 1. avidyAyAmantare vartamAnAH svayaM dhIrAH paNDitaMmanyamAnAH / dandramyamANAH pariyanti mUr3hA andhenaiva nIyamAnA yathA'ndhAH // -kaThopaniSad 1. 2.5 2. ajJAnenAvRtaM jJAnaM tena muhyanti jantavaH / jJAnena tu tadajJAnaM yeSAM naashitmaatmnH|| xxx teSAmAdityavajjJAnaM prakAzayati tatparam // -bhagavadgItA 5. 15-16 3. majjhimanikAya-mahAtapahAsaMkhayasutta 38 / 4. tasvArthasUtra 8.1

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zradhyAtmavicAraNA de rAga, dveSa Adi nAmoMse athavA tRSNA padase batAye gaye haiM unhIM doSoMkA jainaparamparAmeM cAritramoha athavA kaSAya padase nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra vaidika, bauddha aura jaina sabhI paramparAe~ saMsArake mUla kAraNake taurapara avidyA athavA mohako mAnakara zeSa samagra doSoMko usake pariNAma hI mAnatI haiM / 9 AdhyAtmika sAdhakoMne yaha anubhava kiyA ki doSa nivAraNakA ekamAtra upAya usa usa doSa se viparIta svabhAvavAle, para sAdhya ke anukUla ho, aise mArgakA avalambana lenA hI hai / isa anubhava ke AdhArapara unhoMne avidyAke nivAraNakA upAya vidyA hI mAnA / vidyA prakaTa honepara avidyA nahIM rahatI aura avidyAkI anupasthiti meM usase utpanna honevAle anya kleza svataH zAnta ho jAte haiM / isIlie karaNAdane vidyAkI virodhinI vidyAkA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| pataMjaline vidyAkA vivekakhyAtike rUpase varNana kiyA hai / akSapAdane vidyA athavA vivekakhyAti ke sthAna - meM tattvajJAna athavA samyagjJAna padakA prayoga kiyA hai| jainaparamparA bhI mukhyarUpase samyagjJAna padase hI yaha bAta kahatI hai / bauddhaparamparA meM isake lie pradhAnatayA vipassanA athavA prajJA 2 zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha sabhI paramparAoMke anusAra jo artha phalita hotA hai vaha yaha hai ki vidyA, tattvajJAna, samyagjJAna athavA prajJAse avidyA yA mohakA nAza hotA hai| isakA nAza hote hI rAga-dveSa Adi kleza athavA kaSAya bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| inake naSTa hote hI puNya-pApa, dharma-adharma AdikA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai tathA janmaparamparArUpa saMsArakA 1. isa viSaya meM vizeSa adhyayana ke lie dekho 'gaNadharavAda' (gujarAtI ) kI prastAvanA pR0 66- 101. 2. vizuddhimagga 1. 7

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adhyAtmasAdhanA anta A jAtA hai| isa sarvasammata mAnyatAkA akSapAdake eka saMkSipta sUtra meM bahuta sundara DhaMgase varNana kiyA gayA hai| vaha sUtra hai-'duHkhajanmapravRttidoSamithyAjJAnAnAmuttarottarApAye tdnntraapaayaadpvrgH|' (1.1.2) bandhana tathA saMsArakA mukhya kAraNa avidyA hai-isa siddhAnta athavA satyapara pahu~cate-pahu~cate AdhyAtmika sAdhakoMne yaha bhI vicAra kiyA ki avidyA kyA hai aura usakA viSaya kyA hai ? vaise to avidyA athavA bhramakA pada-padapara anubhava hotA hai| rassImeM sA~pakA bhrama ho athavA viparIta mArgako amuka nagarameM pahu~canevAlA mArga mAna liyA jAya to isa avidyA yA bhramase kaThinAI avazya utpanna hogI, para isase saMsAra-paramparA nirmita nahIM hogii| ataH janma-paramparAkA nirmANa karanevAlI avidyA athavA moha kaunasA hai tathA usakA viSaya kyA hai, yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai| isakA uttara prApta karaneke lie AdhyAtmika sAdhakoMne gaharA cintana kiyA aura unheM nirvivAdarUpase eka hI samAna uttara milA ki AtmA, caitanya athavA svarUpakA ajJAna hI mala avidyA hai aura yahI avidyA bhava paramparAkA kAraNa hai| unheM anubhava huA ki deha, indriya, mana, prANa Adi jIvanake AyatanoMmeM Atmabuddhi, cetanabuddhi athavA ahaMpratyayadvArA sukhakI prAptike lie jo prayatna kiyA jAtA hai usase honevAlI sukha-saMvedanA na to sthAyI hotI hai aura na anya cetana-jagatke sukha-saMvedanAoMke sAtha pUrNa rUpase susaMvAdI hii| jo sukha itara cetanasaSTike sukhakA virodhI na ho tathA jisa sukhameM itara samagra cetanasRSTike sukhakA athavA abheda-sambandhakA anusandhAna ho vahI sukha sthAyI, vyApaka tathA avisaMvAdI kahalAtA hai| aisA sukha deha, indriya, mana tathA prANa jaisI mUrta, bhautika, vinazvara evaM deza-kAlase atyanta

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100 adhyAtmavicAraNA sImita vastuoM meM cetanabuddhi athavA ahaMpratyaya karanese kabhI sambhava nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki parimita tathA sthUla vastuoMkA ahaMpratyaya maryAdita sukha-saMvedanAke anubhavake rUpameM pariNata hotA hai| deha, indriya, mana tathA prANase Age bar3hakara unase bhinna cetanAkI sunizcita bhUmikA taka pahu~cane meM mAnava-buddhiko lambI maMz2ila taya karanI par3I hai| deha-indriyakA ahaMpratyaya sUkSma jantu tathA kITa-pataMga Adike lie sAmAnya athavA sAdhAraNa hai| inase ucca koTike pazu-pakSI Adi jIvoMmeM prANaviSayaka utkaTa asmitA bhI dekhI jAtI hai; kintu mAnavabuddhikA viveka ina bhUmikAoMse santuSTa na huA aura Age bddh'aa| mAnavajAtimeM jo sUkSmavivekI tathA antarmukha cintaka hue unheM deha, indriya, prANa Adike saMghAtase bhinna cetanA mAnanekI kucha prabala yuktiyA~ sUjhI, jinakA nirdeza saMkSepameM isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) deha, indriya, prANa Adi saMghAta deza tathA kAlakI atyanta saMkucita sImAse sImita haiM, phira unheM bhUtakAlake aura kabhI-kabhI lambe bhUtakAlake anubhavoMkI jhA~kI vartamAnameM kaise ho sakatI hai ? cira-atIta tathA vartamAnakA saMkalana dIrghakAlIna evaM dezAntarIya anubhavoMse utpanna honevAlI saMskArarAzipara nirbhara hai| isa prakArake saMkalanake kAraNa hI bhAvI dhyeyoMke vicAra vartamAnameM utpanna hote haiN| ataH deza-kAlakI sImAse sImita bhRtasaMghAtase bhinna aisA koI tattva avazya honA cAhiye jo ina saMskAroMko dhAraNa karatA ho tathA cetanAzaktike dvArA unapara adhika vicAra evaM UhApoha karatA ho / yahI tattva AtmA, cetana athavA cicatattva hai|' 1. nyAyasUtra 3.1.1-27

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adhyAtmasAdhanA 101 (2) apanese dUra-dUratara-dUratama pradeza athavA samayameM kisI anyapara Aye hue bhArI saMkaTake samAcArase mAnavacittako kabhIkabhI apane khudake duHkhAnubhava jaisA hI gaharA AghAta pahu~catA hai-isa prakArakA sabakA anubhava hai| deha, indriya Adi mUrta saMghAta paraspara atyanta bhinna hote haiM, ataH unameM koI vAstavika anusandhAna nahIM hotA / isalie dUsaroMke duHkhakA anubhava karanevAlA aura dehAdise bhinna koI anusandhAnakArI tattva mAne binA isakA khulAsA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaisA anusandhAnakArI tattva hI caitanya hai| (3) pahaleke kiye hue sadAcaraNoMke smaraNase uttarakAlameM kabhI Antarika harSa tathA sukhakA anubhava hotA hai to pahaleke doSAcaraNoMke smaraNase viSAda tathA duHkhakA bhI anubhava hotA hai| yaha eka vyaktigata naitika mUlya hai| isI taraha jIvanameM sAmudAyika naitika mUlya bhI haiN| ina samasta mUlyoMkA vAstavika AdhAra svataMtra cetanatattvake atirikta aura kucha ho nahIM sktaa|' ina aura ina jaisI aneka yuktiyoMse mAnavabuddhi cetanatattvake svataMtra astitvake nirNayapara pahu~cI hai| taittirIya upaniSadmeM ullikhita vicAroMke anusAra anna, prANa tathA manakI kaI bhUmikAoMko pArakara aura vijJAna tathA AnandakI zAzvata cetanabhUmikAkA sparza karake usake AdhArapara mAnavabuddhine AdhyAtmika sAdhanA bhI zurU kI hai; arthAt zravaNa tathA mananase prApta honevAle cetana-acetanake parokSa vivekajJAnako pratyakSarUpase AtmasA karanekA athavA use sAkAra karanekA prayatna prArambha kiyA hai| 1. sanmatitarka 1.43-46 2. dekhiye taittirIya upaniSadkI brahmAnandavallI /

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adhyAtmavicAraNA AdhyAtmika sAdhanAkA vistAra hI hAnopAya athavA mokSamArga nAmaka tRtIya satya hai / sAdhanAkA yaha vistAra ekarUpa nahIM hai| deza-kAla, paramparAgata saMskAra, ruci evaM adhikAra Adike vaividhyake kAraNa sAdhanApraNAlImeM bhinnatA tathA vividhatA anivArya hai| dhyAna, japa, tapa, yajJa AdikI jinameM pradhAnatA ho aisI sAdhanAoMko mukhya sAdhanAke aMgarUpa mAnakara gItAne mukhya sAdhanAke taurapara jJAna, bhakti tathA karmapradhAna sAdhanAkA savistara evaM sundara vivecana kiyA hai jo samagra vaidika paramparAoMkI sAdhanAoMkA eka prakArakA saMkSepamAtra hai| tathAgata buddhake dvArA upadiSTa madhyamapratipadArUpa jisa Arya-aSTAMgikamArgakA' piTakoMmeM vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai usakA suvyavasthita saMkSipta nirUpaNa zIla, samAdhi evaM prajJAke rUpa meM vizuddhimArgameM buddhaghoSane kiyA hai| pArzvanAtha Adi nirgranthoMdvArA upadiSTa mokSamArgakA saMkSepa tattvArthasUtra (1.1) meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritrake rUpameM kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra jJAna, bhakti aura karma; zIla, samAdhi aura prajJAH samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra-ina tInoM trikoMmeM zabdakA evaM vAcyArthakA bheda hote hue bhI inakI antarAtmA yA tAtparyArtha eka hI hai, aisI pratIti asAmpradAyika mAnasako hue binA nahIM rhtii| pAtaJjala yogazAstrameM varNita sAdhanAkA kucha vistArase ullekha kara usake sAtha gItA, vizuddhimArga tathA tattvArthasUtrameM varNita sAdhanAkI yathAsambhava tulanA yahA~ kI jAtI hai jisase uparyukta kathanakI yathArthatA samajhameM A skegii| 1. Arya-aSTAMgikamArga-samyagdRSTi, samyaksaMkalpa, samyagavacana, samyakakarmAnta, samyagAjIva, samyagavyAyAma, samyakasmRti aura smyksmaadhi| -majjhimanikAyagata sammAditisuttanta 6

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adhyAtmasAdhanA 103 AdhyAtmika sAdhanA arthAt yogakI pravRtti kAlakI dRSTise bahuta lambI hai, aura yaha hai bhI dvilakSI / isakA eka lakSya yaha hai ki sAdhaka sarvaprathama AsapAsake sAmAjika sambandhako tathA kramazaH vizvake sAthake sambandhako samajhe, use vivekapUrvaka vistRta kare tathA uttarottara vizuddha karatA rhe| dUsarA lakSya yaha hai ki vaha bahirgAmI sambandhameM vistAra evaM vizuddhikaraNake sAthasAtha Antarika cittabhUmiko bhI vizuddha evaM udAtta banAtA jaay| svarUpakI dRSTise bhI yaha dvilakSI sAdhanA car3hate-utarate aMgoMse siddha hotI hai-pUrNa hotI hai| yogazAstrameM aise ATha aMga ginAye gaye haiM-yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura smaadhi'| ina aMgoMko do bhAgoMmeM bA~Takara unake svarUpa evaM kAryakA vicAra kareM to yogasiddhimeM pratyeka aMgakA kyA sthAna hai, yaha kucha saralatAse samajhameM A skegaa| prathama bhAgameM yama AtA hai aura dUsare meM niyamase lekara samAdhi takake bAqIke samasta aNg| __ yama yaha sUcita karatA hai ki sAdhaka yogIko samAja tathA carAcara vizvake sAtha kisa prakArakA bartAva karanA cAhiye athavA use kisa prakArakA jIvana jInA caahiye| hiMsA, asatya, caurya, abrahma aura parigraha-ye pA~ca doSa jIvanavyavahArameM bahuta sAdhAraNa hote haiM tathA inase sAmAjika jIvana kaluSita hotA hai| ina doSoMkA parihAra karanA arthAt ahiMsA, satya Adi vratoM yA mahAvratoMkA pAlana karanA hI yama hai / jIvana-vyavahArameM hiMsA, asatya Adi tabhI doSarUpa banate haiM jaba unakA AcaraNa lobha, krodha tathA moha se prerita hokara kiyA jAtA hai| isalie yogIke 1. yogasUtra, 2. 26 2. yogasUtra -2.30

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104 zradhyAtmavicAraNA lie yama aMgakA anuSThAna tabhI siddha mAnA jAtA hai jaba vaha lobha, krodha aura mohake parihArake sAtha hI vrata pAle / isa prakAra - ke vratoM evaM mahAtratoM ke samyak paripAlanase yogIkI Antarika zuddhi to hotI hI hai, sAtha hI sAtha usakA carAcara vizvake sAthakA sambandha bhI vizuddha banatA hai / yama yogakA prathama aMga hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki yaha AdhyAtmika sAdhanAkI sarvaprathama aura Thosa bhUmikA hai / isa bhUmikAke abhAva meM yogake zeSa aMga kabhI bhI yogameM sAdhaka nahIM ho sakate / isIlie gItAne daivIsampat meM' ahiMsA, satya Adi sadguNoMko mukhya sthAna diyA hai / buddhane zIlarUpase ina sadguNoMkA varNana kara inheM samAdhikI bhUmikAke rUpameM prastuta kiyA hai / nirgrantha paramparAne bhI aNuvrata mahAvrata ke rUpameM virati athavA cAritrako hI AdhyAtmika vikAsakI bhUmikAke taurapara sarvaprathama sthAna diyA hai / 3 yogazAstrameM pratyeka avasthAmeM AcaraNa karane yogya ahiMsA Adi pA~ca yamoMkA yogIke mahAvratoMke rUpameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki isa prakArake mahAvratoMke lie jAti, deza, kAla athavA samayakI koI sImA nahIM hotI / isI prakAra usameM mahAvratoMko jIvanameM utArate - utArate pUrvasaMskAravaza bIcabIca meM hiMsA, asatya Adi doSoMkA sevana karanekI vRtti jAgrat ho jAya to aisI vitarkabAdhAoM ko dUra karane ke hetu hiMsA Adi 1. gItA 16, 1-3 2. sIlena ca sAsanamsa AdikalyANatA pakAsitA hoti / sIlaM -- visuddhimagga 1. 10 sAsanamsa Adi / 3. jAti-deza-kAla-saMmayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mahAvratam / -yogadarzana 2. 31

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105 adhyAtmasAdhanA doSoMmeM aniSTa cintana karanekA sUcana bhI usameM kiyA gayA hai| vaise hI-tattvArthAdhigamasUtra meM bhI hiMsAdi doSoMse sarvathA virata honeko mahAvrata kahA gayA hai aura yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki yadi hiMsA, asatya Adi doSoMke sevanakA vicAra pUrvasaMskAravaza manameM utpanna ho to sAdhakako hiMsA Adi pA~ca doSoMmeM aihika evaM pAralaukika aniSTakA cintana karanA cAhiye / vizuddhimArga (1.153) meM bhI zIla ( yama athavA mahAvrata) ke khaNDita honeke vividha nimittoMkA ullekha karake use akhaNDa rakhane ke upAyake rUpameM zIlavipattike aniSToM evaM zIlasampattike guNoMkA bahuta vistArase varNana kiyA gayA hai jo eka prakArase yogazAstra aura tattvArthasUtrakI vitarkabAdhAke samaya cintana karanekI pratipakSa bhAvanAkA vizada bhASya hai| dUsarA aMga niyama hai / yaha mukhya rUpase svayaM sAdhakake sAtha sambandha rakhatA hai / jIvanmuktivivekameM vidyAraNya svAmI ThIka hI kahate haiM ki jo sakAma dharmase nivRtta karake niSkAma dhamakI ora 'prerita kare vaha niyama hai | niyamameM aneka bAtoMkA samAveza ho sakatA hai, kintu unameM tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara-praNidhAna mukhya haiM jinheM yogazAstra meM kriyAyoga kahA hai / sabhI sAdhakoMko 1. vitarkabAdhane pratipakSabhAvanam / -yogadarzana 2. 33 2. hiMsAdiSvihAmutra cApAyAvadyadarzanam / -tattvArthasUtra 7.4 tathA usakA bhASya 3. janmahetoH kAmyadharmAnnivartya mokSahetau niSkAmadharme niyamanti prerynti| -jIvanamuktiviveka 4. zaucasantoSatapaHsvAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni niymaaH| -yogadarzana 2. 32 5. tapaHsvAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni kriyaayogH| -yogadarzana 2.1

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106 zradhyAtmavicAraNA aniyArya rUpase pA~coM yamoMkA yathAzakti pAlana karanA par3atA hai, jaba ki niyamake viSaya meM ekAntarUpa se aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / koI sAdhaka tapaHpradhAna hotA hai, koI svAdhyAya para vizeSa bhAra detA hai to koI Izvara - praNidhAna para vizeSa jora detA hai / jisakI jisameM adhika ruci ho vaha usa niyamakA vizeSa rUpase pAlana karatA hai / niyamakA ekamAtra upayoga manako samAdhikI ora mor3ane tathA klezoMko durbala banAne ke lie hai / upaniSad, gItA tathA manusmRti meM tapa va svAdhyAya Adi niyamoMpara bhAra diyA gayA hai ' / bauddhaparamparAmeM bhI ghutAMgake rUpameM tapakA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / nirgrantha jainaparamparA to tapasvI - paramparA hI samajhI jAtI hai| svAdhyAyako bhI pratyeka paramparAne samucita sthAna * 1. sa tapo'tapyata / tapastapyate bahUni varSasahasrANi / yajJena dAnena tapasA | tapazca svAdhyAyapravacane ca / zraddhayA parayA taptaM tapaH / - bRhadA0 1. 2. 6 - bRhadA0 3. 8. 10. - bRhadA0 4. 4. 22 -- taittirIya 1.6.1 gItA 17. 17 jJAntyA zuddhayanti vidvAMso dAnenA'kAryakAriNaH / pracchannapApA japyena tapasA vedavittamAH // - manu05. 106 zradbhirgAtrANi zuddhayanti manaH satyena zuddhayati / vidyAtapobhyAM 'bhUtAtmA buddhirjJAnena zuddhayati // - manu0 5. 108 tapazcaraNaizcomaiH sAdhayantIha tatpadam // - manusmRti 6, 75 tapo vidyA ca viprasya niHzreyasakaraM param / tapasA kilviSaM hanti vidyayA'mRtamaznute // - manusmRti 12.104 inake atirikta adhyAya 11 zloka 233 - 247 meM bhI tapake mahattva aura prakAroMkA varNana hai / 2. visuddhimagga : dhutaMganiddeso pR0 40

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adhyAtmasAdhanA 107 diyA hai / Izvara-praNidhAnake sthUla zabdArthameM vibhinna paramparAoMmeM kucha matabheda avazya hai, kintu Izvara praNidhAnake vizAla aura vAstavika arthameM kisIkA matabheda nahIM hai| koI Izvara yA paramAtmAko pRthak mAnakara usakA praNidhAna karatA hai, koI jIvAtmAse apRthak parabrahmako hI paramAtmA kahakara usakA praNidhAna karatA hai to koI muktiprApta jIvako hI paramAtmA mAnakara usakA praNidhAna karatA hai| kintu AkhirakAra bAta eka hI hai aura vaha yaha ki niSkAmabhAvase mahAn Adarzake sAkSitvameM saba kucha karanA / - samAja aura vizvake sAthake sambandhako vistRta evaM vizuddha karanA ho athavA upaniSadkI bhASAmeM 'bhUmA' bananA ho athavA bauddha paribhASAke anusAra mahAyAnI yA brahmavihArI bananA ho to sAdhakake lie anivArya hai ki vaha antanirIkSaNakI ora mur3e tathA cittataMtrake satata gatizIla vRtticakrako dekhe aura klezavAsa- / nAoMke kAraNa vaha vRtticakra kisa prakAra kSubdha hotA hai, isakI jA~ca kare / klezoM aura vRttiyoMke balAbalakI yathAvat jA~ca kara kaba kisa kleza aura vRttike vegase itara kleza aura vRttiyA~ vega pakar3atI haiM aura kaba anya kleza aura vRttike vegase vaisA hotA hai isakA vivekapUrvaka vicAra sAdhaka kare / yadi sAdhaka kleza aura vRtticakrakA ThIka-ThIka nirIkSaNa va pRthakkaraNa nahIM karatA hai to vaha kliSTa vRttiyoMke sthAnapara akliSTa vRttiyoMko sthira karane meM pUrNa saphala nahIM ho sktaa| isIlie yogake aMgoMmeM samAdhikI prakriyAkA bhI samAveza kiyA gayA hai| 1. bhagavAn buddhane sAdhanA-kAlameM isa prakArake vRtticakrakA jo nirIkSaNa kiyA thA usakA varNana majjhimanikAyake dvedhAvitakkasuttanta (16) meM hai|

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adhyAtmavicAraNA 108 janma se hI cittakI Adata indriyoMkA anugamana karane kI hotI hai / isase vaha indriyoMdvArA gRhIta honevAle viSayoMmeM hI masta rahatA hai tathA indriyoMdvArA gRhIta na honevAle sthUla athavA sUkSma viSayakA cintana-manana karane meM vaha asamartha bana jAtA hai / indriyoMdvArA gRhIta honevAle evaM bhoge jAnevAle viSaya bhautika evaM sthUla koTike hote haiM, ataH ve indriyoM evaM manako lambe samayataka samAna rUpa se apanI ora AkarSita nahIM kara sakate / indriyA~ aura mana pahale ke AkarSaNase thakakara unameM arucikA anubhava karane lagate haiM tathA naye-naye AkarSaNoM kI ora mur3ate haiM / isIlie mana sadA caMcala rahatA hai tathA kisI eka viSaya meM aura khAsakara apane svarUpa ke viSaya meM athavA cetanake svarUpake viSayameM sthira hokara vicAra nahIM kara sakatA / manakI isa dazAkA nAma vyutthAna hai / vyutthAna meM citta kSipta, mUr3ha evaM vikSipta sthitikA anubhava karatA hai / isa sthiti ko badalakara usase viparIta dizAmeM manako mor3aaat tathA zikSita karane kI zurUAta hI yogamArgakA prArambha hai / isameM pahale cittako ekAgra karanekA prayatna hotA hai, tadanantara use niruddha karanekA / ekAgratA prApta karane ke prayatna ke sAtha hI vyutthAnasthitikA nirodha prArambha ho jAtA hai; ataH ekAgratAke samaya hI citta amuka aMzameM nirodhayukta to hotA hI hai, kintu ekAgratAke paripUrNa evaM yathAvat saba jAneke bAda hI jo kleza saMskAra evaM vRttiyoMkA nirodha hotA hai vaha bahuta balavAn aura pradhAna hotA hai, ataH usa samayakA citta hI niruddha kahalAtA hai / indriyoMkA anusaraNa karanese paidA honevAlI caMcalatA tathA bahirmukhatAko rokakara cittameM sthiratA evaM antarmukhatA sthApita karanA hI dhyAna athavA samAdhi- prakriyAkA uddezya hai / yogazAstrameM 1. yogabhASya 1. 1

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adhyAtmasAdhanA 106 cittavRttike nirodhako yoga' kahakara uparyukta vastusthitikA hI nirdeza kiyA hai / vRttiyA~ cittakA kisI-na-kisI prakArakA jJAnarUpa vyApAra hai| ye vRttiyA~ jaba avidyA Adi klezoMse anuraMjita hotI haiM taba unheM kliSTa kahA jAtA hai tathA jaba unapara klezoMkI chAyA nahIM hotI taba unheM akliSTa kahA jAtA hai / sAdhanA karate samaya yogIko sarvaprathama cittameMse klezoMko nirbala kara dhIre-dhIre unheM dUra karanA par3atA hai / klezoMkA sUkSma rUpameM bhI AvirbhAva na hone pAve isIlie dhyAnAbhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| kriyAyogase nirbala tathA dhyAnayogase kSINa hue kleza vRttisaha nirmala tabhI hote haiM jaba videhamuktikAlameM citta apanA pRthaka astitva khokara pradhAnarUpa mUla kAraNameM vilIna hotA hai / isakA artha yaha huA ki cittake sAtha sthUla dehakA bhI vilaya hotA hai| yogazAstrameM nirUpita kleza tathA vRttihAnikI isa prakriyAkA tattvArthasUtra meM kisa prakAra nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai vaha aba hama dekheN| tattvArthasUtrameM 'yoga' zabda cittavRttinirodhake arthameM nahIM, apitu kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasika pravRttike arthameM prayukta huA hai| yahI pravRtti jaina-paribhASAmeM Asrava kahalAtI hai| jisa prakAra yogazAstra meM kliSTa aura akliSTa ye do prakArakI vRttiyA~ 1. yogazcittavRttinirodhaH -yogarzana 1.2 2. vRttayaH paMcatayyaH kliSTAkliSTAH / -yogadarzana 1.5 3. samAdhibhAvanArthaH klezatanukaraNAyazca / te pratiprasavaheyAH sUkSmAH / dhyaanheyaastdvttyH| -yogadarzana 2. 2,10,11 4. kAyavAGmanaHkarma yogH| -tattvArthasUtra 6.1 5. sa aatrvH| -tattvArthasUtra 6.2

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110 adhyAtmavicAraNA batalAI gaI haiM usI prakAra tattvArthasUtrameM bhI sakaSAya aura akaSAya ina do prakAroMkI pravRttiyoMkA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra kliSTa vRttimeM avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa aura abhiniveza ina pA~ca klezoMkA samAveza kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra sakaSAya pravRttimeM mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda aura kaSAyakA samAveza hotA hai / mithyAdarzana avidyA hai tathA aviratise kaSAyatakake tIna doSa vastutaH asmitAse abhinivezatakake klezoMkA hI bhinna prakArakA vargIkaraNa hai / isa prakAra yogazAstrakI kliSTa vRtti tathA tattvArtha sUtrakA sakaSAya yoga arthAt Asrava ye donoM vastutaH eka hI haiN| yogazAstrameM kliSTa-akliSTa vRttiyoMke nirodhako 'yoga' kahA hai to tattvArthasUtrameM sakaSAya akaSAya pravRttike nirodhako 'saMvara' kahA hai / jo vastu yogazAstrameM 'yoga' zabdase kahI gaI hai vahI tattvArthasUtrameM 'saMvara' zabdase batAI gaI hai| jisa prakAra yoga kramazaH vikasita hotA huA samprajJAta dazAmeMse gujarakara antameM cittavilayameM paryavasita hotA hai usI prakAra saMvara bhI sakaSAya pravRttike nirodhake bAda akaSAya pravRttike nirodhameM paryavasita hokara antameM videhamukti honepara samApta hotA hai| ___ yogazAstrameM samprajJAta yogakI cAra bhUmikAoMko kramazaH siddha karane ke kaI upAya batAye haiN| isI prakAra asamprajJAta yoga prAptakara use parAkASThApara pahu~cAne ke upAyoMkA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| ina sabhI upAyoMkA saMkSipta nirdeza yogazAstrake prathama pAdameM hai| unameMse mukhya ye haiM-(1) abhyAsa, (2) vairAgya, (3) praNidhAna arthAt japa, (4) maitrI Adi bhAvanAe~, (5) 1. sakaSAyAkaSAyayoH saampraayikryaapthyoH| -tattvArthasUtra 6.5 2. tattvArtha sUtra 8.1 3. prAstravanirodhaH sNvrH| -tattvArthasUtra 1.1

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adhyAtmasAdhanA mana sustha evaM prasanna raha sake aise sUkSmase mahat takake kisI bhI eka viSayameM use sthira karane tathA tadviSayaka vicAra karanekA dhyAnAbhyAsa / tattvArthasUtrameM saMvarake aMgake rUpameM gupti, samiti. dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya, cAritra tathA tapakA ullekha hai| dhyAna tapakA eka mahattvapUrNa bhAga-aMga mAnA gayA hai / maitrI, karuNA, muditA tathA upekSAko bhAvanA evaM vairAgya kA bhI tattvArthasUtrameM saMvarake upAyoMke rUpameM nirdeza hai| kriyAyoga tathA dhyAnayogake abhyAsase avidyAkA saMskAra dUra hote hI prakRti-puruSake bhedakA prasaMkhyAna arthAt aparokSa jJAna AvirbhUta hotA hai tathA avidyAkA mUla naSTa hote hI tanmUlaka itara kleza bhI kSINa ho jAte haiN| yaha huI yogazAstrakI varNanazailI / tattvArthasUtra isI vastukA anya zabdoMmeM varNana karatA hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki cAritra aura zukla dhyAnase mohanIya karma, jo ki pA~ca klezarUpa hai, kSINa hotA hai tathA usake naSTa hote hI kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai / kevalajJAna AtmAkA sampUrNa aura zuddha aparokSa jJAna hai| vivekakhyAtisampanna asamprajJAta yogI arthAt jIvanmuktake 1. tattvArthasUtra 6.-3 2. tattvArthasUtra 6. 20 3 tattvArthasUtra 7.6 4. tattvArthasUtra 7. 7 5. yogAGgAnuSThAnAdazuddhikSaye jnyaandaaptiraavivekkhyaateH| .. -yogadarzana 2.28 6. tattvArthasUtra 6 26, 30, 50; 10. 1 7. yogadarzana 1. 18

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112 adhyAtmavicArakhA sthAnapara tattvArthasUtra meM sayogi-kevalIkA varNana hai| asamprajJAta yogakI carama avasthAke samaya honevAlA sarvavRttisaha cittakA vilaya yogakI paripUrNa avasthA kahalAtA hai / tattvArthasUtrake anusAra sayogI avasthAkA anta honepara jo sampUrNa yoganirodha hotA hai vahI sAdhanA-kAlakI antima sthiti hai'| vizuddhimArgameM yoga evaM saMvarake bajAya samAdhi pada hai| usakA artha karate hue buddhaghoSa kahatA hai ki kuzala cittakI ekAgratA hI samAdhi hai / upacAra-samAdhi samAdhikI prArambhika avasthA hai| jisa prakAra choTA bAlaka adhika samaya taka khar3A nahIM raha sakatA usI prakAra yaha prArambhika samAdhi adhika sthira nahIM hotii| abhyAsase sthira honepara yaha arpaNA-samAdhi kahalAtI hai / yahI arpaNA-samAdhi yogazAstrameM varNita samprajJAta yogakI cAra bhUmikAoMmeM samAviSTa hotI hai| kisI eka viSayameM citta sthira hokara tadAkAra banatA hai taba arpaNA hotI hai| yahI sthiti yogazAstrameM samApatti padase nirdiSTa hai| sthUla, sUkSma, sUkSmatara . isa prakAra uttarottara adhikAdhika sUkSma vastumeM citta ekAgra hokara jaba sthira banatA hai taba anukramase honevAlI avitarka, nirvitarka, savicAra aura nirvicArarUpa cAra samApattirUpa saMprajJAta bhUmikAoMkA varNana yogazAstra meM haiN| sAdhakako samAdhike lie vairAgyakA abhyAsa karanA par3atA hai| yogazAstra, tattvArthasUtra tathA vizuddhimArga tInoMmeM vairAgyakI 1. dekhiye tattvArthasUtra sabhASya dazama adhyAya / 2. kusalacittekaggatA samAdhi |-visuddhimgg 3.1 3. visuddhimagga 4. 32 se Age / 4. yogadarzana 1. 17

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adhyAtmasAdhanA 113 AvazyakatA batAI gaI hai| yogazAstra para aura apara do prakArake vairAgyakA nirUpaNa karatA hai| inameM se apara vairAgya sthUla tathA prArambhika hai| yaha samprajJAta samAdhike lie upayogI hai, kintu usase asamprajJAta samAdhi siddha nahIM hotii| asamprajJAta samAdhike lie paravairAgya Avazyaka hai| anubhUta tathA zruta bhautika padArthoM ke AkarSaNase dUra rahanA aparavairAgya hai| AkarSita karanevAle bhogya padArthoM meM anityatA athavA asAratAkI doSabuddhi utpanna karanese usa orake AkarSaNa meM kamI ho sakatI hai isa vicArase yogazAstra, tattvArthasUtra' tathA vizuddhimAgameM aparavairAgyakA bhinna-bhinna rItile svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| vicAra karanepara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhogya viSayoMke doSadarzanase utpanna honevAlA vairAgya punaH bhogavAsanA pragaTa hote hI kSaNamAtrameM havA ho jAtA hai| isalie upAdhyAya yazovijayajIne aparavairAgyako doSadarzanajanita kahA hai / isakA 1. dRSTAnuavikaviSayavitRSNasya vazIkArasaMjJA vairAgyam / tatparaM puruSakhyAterguNavaitRSNyam / / vitarkavicArAnandAsmitA'nugamAt samprajJAtaH / virAmapratyayAbhyAsapUrvaH saMskArazeSo'nyaH / -yogadarzana 1. 15-18 aura sUtroM kA vyAsabhASya / 2. jagatkAyasvabhAvau ca saMvegavairAgyArtham / -tattvArthasUtra 7.7 aura bhASya Adi ttiikaaeN| 3. visuddhimagga 6.81 (pR. 126 ) se aage| 4. viSayadoSajanitamApAtadharmasaMnyAsalakSaNaM prathamam , satattvacintayA viSayaudAsInyena janitaM dvitIyApUrvakaraNabhAvi tAttvikadharmasaMnyAsalakSaNaM dvitIyaM vairAgyam , yatra dAyopazamikA dharmA api kSIyante kSAyikAzcotpadyante ityasmAkaM siddhaatH| -yogadarzana a0 1 sUtra 12 se 26 kI yazovijayajIko vRtti /

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114 adhyAtmavicAraNA artha z2arA sUkSma dRSTise samajhanA ThIka hogaa| sAdhaka bAhya bhogya AkarSaka vastuoMmeM doSa dekhane ke bajAya usa vastuke prati AkarSita honevAle apane cittameM kleza-doSoMkA yathAvat darzanacintana kare to usase kucha sthira vairAgya utpanna hotA hai| jisa samaya citta kisI sundara vastuke prati lalacA jAya usa samaya sAdhaka usa vastumeM asundaratAkI bhAvanA lAneke bajAya apane cittameM utpanna honevAle rAga yA bhogavAsanAkA nirIkSaNa kare tathA isa vAsanAke nimittase jIvanameM anubhavameM AnevAle taraha-taraha ke AghAta-pratyAghAtoMkA cintana kare to bhogavAsanA avazya nirbala ho sakatI hai| isI prakAra aniSTa athavA dveSya vastuke prati aprIti yA roSa utpanna ho usa samaya cittameM utpanna honevAlI dveSavRttike pariNAmasvarUpa jIvana meM AnevAlI kaTutAkA vicAra karanese jo vairAgya utpanna hogA vaha sthira raha skegaa| isa prakArake aparavairAgyakI apekSA bhI paravairAgya adhika utkRSTa koTikA hai / paravairAgya doSadarzanase nahIM, apitu svarUpadarzanase utpanna hotA hai / citta bAhya viSayoMmeM nissAratA Adi doSa dekhe athavA apanI rAga-dveSa Adi vRttiyoMkA jIvanapara par3anevAlA burA asara dekhe isakI apekSA yadi vaha apane zuddha sAttvika svarUpa tathA cetanAke sahabhU nirmala svarUpakA athavA udAtta AdarzakA vicAra kare to usase jo vairAgya utpanna hotA hai vaha saccA evaM sAttvika bairAgya hotA hai kyoMki isa prakArake vairAgyameM cittako catanamAtrameM Atmaupamya athavA abhedakA pratyakSadarzana hotA hai aura deha, prANa, mana Adi mUrta evaM parimita AyatanoMmeM tathA rUpa, sattA, dhana AdimeM baddha rakhanevAle AtmabuddhirUpa ajJAnakA pardA dUra ho jAtA hai aura UparI satahapara anubhavameM AnevAle sukhakI apekSA kisI apUrva va sthira AnandakI pratIti hone lagatI

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adhyAtmasAdhanA 115 hai| yahI pratIti klezoMke saMskAra-bIjako dagdha karanemeM samartha hotI hai| yogazAstra meM prayatnasAdhya samAdhi siddha karane ke lie pA~ca aMga Avazyaka mAne gaye haiM-zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi aura prajJA' / ina pA~ca aMgoMke balAbalake viSayameM yogazAstrameM koI vizeSa carcA nahIM hai, kintu vizuddhimArgameM isakI vizeSa carcA kI gaI hai| usameM arpaNAsamAdhikI siddhike lie dasa prakArake kauzalakA upayogI tathA rasaprada varNana hai / inameMse dUsare prakArake kauzalake rUpameM ukta pA~ca aMgoMke balAbalakI carcA karake unameM samatva sthApita karane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| buddhaghoSane likhA hai ki zraddhA, vIrya Adi aMga samAdhike lie Avazyaka haiM sahI, para unameM asamAnatA honepara ve lAbhadAyaka nahIM hote| zraddhA adhika balavatI ho to vIrya Adi aMga apanA-apanA kAma ThIka DhaMgase nahIM kara skte| usane isa bAtako eka dRSTAnta dekara samajhAyA hai ki vakkalI nAmaka eka sthavira bahuta bImAra thA / buddhake prati usakI balavatI zraddhA honeke kAraNa vaha unake darzanake lie tarasatA thA, para calakara jAnemeM azakta thaa| buddhane eka bAra khuda hI Akara usase pUchA ki tujhe terA zarIra sAtha nahIM detA, to phira tU mere darzanake lie kyoM tarasatA hai ? merA rUpadarzana merA vAstavika darzana nahIM hai; mere vaktavyakA hArda samajhanA hI merA vAstavika darzana hai| yoM kahakara buddhane usa sthavirako dharmadarzanakI ora prerita kiyA tathA usakI prajJAko uttejita kara zraddhA va prajJAkA samatva sthApita kiyaa| zraddhA 1. zraddhAvIryasmRtisamAdhiprajJApUrvaka itareSAm / -yogadarzana 1. 20 2. dasa prakArake kauzaloMke lie dekho visuddhimagga 4. 42-46

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116 adhyAtmavicAraNA aura prajJAkI tathA samAdhi aura vIryakI samatA adhika kAmakI hai; kyoMki prajJAvihIna zraddhA mUDha-sI honese usakA apavyaya hotA hai, jaba ki zraddhArahita prajJA kutarkavAda athavA dhUrtatAmeM pariNata hotI hai| isI prakAra vIryakI mandatA aura samAdhikI sabalatA honepara jar3atA bar3hatI hai tathA samAdhikI apekSA vIryakI sabalatA honepara nirarthaka upadrava bar3hatA hai| isalie ina saba aMgoMko isa prakAra samucita karanA cAhiye ki unakI sahAyatAse arpaNAsamAdhimeM Age bar3hA jAya tathA kisI tarahakI kamIkA poSaNa na ho| ___ dhyAnAbhyAsa karanekI icchA rakhanevAle sAdhakako dhyAna meM upasthita honevAle vikSepa Adi antarAyoMkA nivAraNa karane ke lie yogyatAnusAra kisI eka sthUla athavA sUkSma tattvameM apane cittako sthira karanekA abhyAsa karanA par3atA hai / isa prakArakA abhyAsa tabhI saphala hotA hai jaba citta nirmala aura prasanna ho / aisI nirmalatA aura prasannatA prApta karane ke lie sAdhakako cittakI malinatAke nivAraNArtha maitrI Adi bhAvanAe~ puSTa karanI par3atI haiN| aisI cAra bhAvanAe~ yogazAstrameM haiM' tathA tattvArthasUtra aura vizuddhimArgameM bhI ye cAra bhAvanAe~ haiM, parantu yogazAstrakI apekSA tattvArthasUtrasammata inakA viSayavibhAga kucha adhika saMgata pratIta hotA hai / vizuddhimArgameM to ina bhAvanAoMkI carcA itanI adhika buddhigrAhya, rocaka tathA vistRta hai ki mAno vaha bhAvanA-paramparAkA anubhavasiddha vikAsa hI ho / 1. maitrIkaruNAmuditopekSANAM sukhaduHkhapuNyApuNyaviSayANAM bhAvanAtazcittaprasAdanam / -yogasUtra 1.33 2. maitrIpramodakAruNyamAdhyasthyAni sattvaguNAdhikaklizyamAnAvineyeSu / -tattvArthasUtra 7.6 3. visuddhimaggameM to samagra 6 vA brahmavihAraniddesa dekhiye /

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adhyAtmasAdhanA yogazAstrameM kahA gayA hai ki duHkhI prANIke prati usakA duHkha dUra karanekI vRtti rakhanI cAhiye / yaha bAta tattvArthasUtra aura vizuddhimArgameM bhI samAna rUpase kahI gaI hai, kintu maitrIbhAvanAviSayaka kathanameM kucha bhinnatA dikhAI detI hai| yogazAstra sukhI prANiyoMmeM maitrIbhAva rakhane ke lie kahatA hai jisase unake prati IrSyAbhAva paidA na ho, kintu tattvArthasUtra kahatA hai ki kevala sukhI hI nahIM, samasta prANIsRSTike prati maitrIbhAva rakhanA cAhiye / cAroM bhAvanAoMkI bhitti hai Atmaupamya athavA abhedadRSTi / aisI dRSTi prANImAtrake prati maitrIbhAva rakhanese hI bana sakatI hai| isa prakArako maitrIbhAvanAse hI duHkhiyoMkA duHkha dUra karanekI karuNAvRtti, guNAdhikake prati pramodavRtti tathA bilakula jar3a sarIkhe apAtrake prati mAdhyasthya athavA taTasthavRtti sambhava ho sakatI hai| parantu buddhaghoSane ina cAra bhAvanAoM athavA brahmavihArake abhyAsakramakA adhika gaharAIse vicAra kiyA hai| usane likhA hai ki prAthamika yogIko sarvaprathama ekAnta sthAnameM anukUla Asanapara baiThakara cittagata maloMkI hInatA tathA malazuddhikI uttamatAkA vicAra karanA cAhiye, jisase yaha vizvAsa ho ki malanivAraNa karane yogya hai tathA malazuddhi hI siddha karane yogya hai| itanA vizvAsa pakkA honepara yogIko sarvaprathama maitrIbhAvanAkA sevana karanA caahiye| isakA bhI krama hai aura vaha yoM hai| yogIko apriyake prati, atipriya sahAyakake prati, madhyasthake prati tathA zatruke prati maitrIbhAvanA rakhanekI zuruAta nahIM karanI caahiye| mRta vyaktike viSayameM to isa prakArakI bhAvanAkI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhtii| vijAtIya viSayaka maitrIbhAvanAkA prArambha karanA ho to kevala kisI eka vyaktimeM sImita hokara

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118 adhyAtmavicAraNA vaisI bhAvanA nahIM karanI cAhiye / isa kathanakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue buddhaghoSane likhA hai ki apriyako priyake sthAnameM sthApita karanese cittameM pahalepahala glAnikA anubhava hotA hai| isI prakAra atipriya sahAyaka vyaktiko madhyasthasthAnameM rakhanese bhI cittameM glAnikA anubhava hotA hai, kyoMki vaise atipriya sahAyakakA thor3AsA bhI duHkha dekhakara citta dravita ho jAtA hai / madhyasthako prArambhameM ucca sthAnapara athavA priya sthAnapara rakhanese cittameM khedakA anubhava hotA hai tathA vairIse maitrIkI zuruAta karanepara vairasmaraNake kAraNa krodha utpanna hotA hai| isI prakAra puruSako strIse aura strIko puruSase maitrIbhAvanAkA prArambha nahIM karanA anyathA vaisI maitrIbhAvanA karanese ulaTA rAga utpanna hotA hai aura patana hotA hai| isa bAtako spaSTa karane ke lie buddhaghoSane eka rocaka dRSTAnta diyA hai| kisI maMtrIputrane eka sthavirase pUchA ki mujhe maitrIbhAvanA kisa viSayase prArambha karanI cAhiye ? sthavirane uttara diyA ki priya viSayase / praznakartAko usakI patnI hI adhika pyArI thI, ataH usane usImeM maitrIbhAvanA prArambha kii| usane patnImeM maitrIbhAvanA karate-karate sArI rAta kAmonmAdakA anubhava kiyaa| isase spaSTa hai ki kisI bhI sAdhakako vijAtIya priya vyaktimeM baddha hokara maitrIsevanakA prayatna nahIM karanA cAhiye / mRta vyaktimeM kI jAnevAlI maitrI to kabhI siddha hotI hI nhiiN| buddhaghoSane yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki sarvaprathama 'maiM sukhI hoU~, kabhI bhI duHkhI na hoU~, aisI bhAvanA karanI caahiye| isa bhAvanAkI dRr3hatAke bAda maitrIbhAvamUlaka samasta prANiyoMke sukhakI abhilASA karanI caahiye| sAdhakako isIse santuSTa na rahakara apriya, atipriya sahAyaka tathA vairI vyakti isa prakAra sabake prati

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adhyAtmasAdhanA 116 maitrIbhAvakA sevana karanA cAhiye / maitrIbhAva sevana karanekI lambI prakriyAkA evaM usameM upasthita honevAle cittake AghAtoMkA pratIkAra kisa prakAra karanA cAhiye ityAdi bAtoMkA vistRta evaM dRSTAntapUrvaka varNana karane ke bAda anta meM maitrIbhAvanA siddha huI ki nahIM yaha jAnanekI kasauTIke taurapara buddhaghoSane jo bAta kahI hai vaha dhyAna dene yogya hai / vaha kahatA hai ki priya, madhyastha tathA vairI ye tIna aura sAdhaka svayaM isa prakAra cAroM eka sthAnapara baiThe hoN| itane meM koI hatyArA Akara unameMse ekakI balike lie yAcanA kare to maitrI-siddha-sAdhakako kyA socanA cAhiye ? isa prakArakA sAdhaka yaha nahIM soce ki amuka kisI ekako hatyArA le jAya / vaha khuda use hI pakar3akara le jAya aisA bhI na soce, kyoMki aisA socanepara maitrIvirodhI pakSapAta siddha hotA / ataH 'ina cAroMmeM se koI bhI hatyAre ko dene yogya nahIM hai? aisA vaha soce tabhI usakA citta cAroMke viSaya meM sama tathA maitrIbhAvanA vAlA hai aisA samajhanA cAhiye / citta tathA cetana tattva itanA adhika sUkSma aura amUrta haiM ki koI bhI dhyAnAbhyAsI indriyAnugamana karane meM abhyasta bane hue bahirmukha cittako saralatApUrvaka antarmukha karake use svayaM apane svarUpakA athavA cetanake svarUpakA sthiratApUrvaka vicAra karanevAlA nahIM banA sakatA / isIlie dhyAnAbhyAsa meM cittake vazIkaraNa kI prakriyAkA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / isa prakriyAkA artha hai dhIre-dhIre sthUlase sUkSmakA tathA sUkSma se sUkSmatarakA sthiratApUrvaka cintana karane kA abhyAsa / aisA karate-karate citta itanA adhika bala prApta kara letA hai ki vaha paramANuke samAna sUkSmatama padArthakA tathA AkAzake samAna atimahAn tathA amUrta padArthakA icchAnusAra evaM sukhapUrvaka sthiratAse cintana kara sakatA hai /

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120 adhyAtmavicAraNA isIkA nAma hai cittakA vazIkaraNa' / isa prakArakA vazIkaraNa siddha honepara citta apane bhItara gaharIse gaharI satahameM par3e hue vAsanAsaMskAroMkA yathAvat nirIkSaNa kara sakatA hai aura yaha jAna sakatA hai ki ve vAsanA-saMskAra jIvanake dRzyapaTapara kisa kisa prakAra AvirbhUta hote haiN| isa jJAnase use vAsanAke balAbalake tathA unheM UrvIkRta karane ke niyamoMkA patA lagatA hai jisase vaha apanA sampUrNa bala UrvIkaraNakI prakriyAmeM utsAhapUrvaka lagA detA hai| citta jaba zaktiyoMke UrvIkaraNakI isa prakriyAmeM tallIna hotA hai taba use turanta hI samajhameM A jAtA hai ki Atmaupamya athavA abheda darzanase honevAle AnandakA rahasya kyA hai| use turanta hI patA laga jAtA hai ki mUrta padArtha tathA unase sambaddha kIrti, sattA Adi bhAvoMkI abhilASA kisI bhI taraha santuSTa nahIM kI jA sakatI; ulaTI santuSTa karanepara vaha adhikAdhika tIvra banatI jAtI hai, aura yahI tIvratA punaH pratikUla paristhiti utpanna honepara nirveda tathA aruci utpanna karanevAlI banatI hai| Atmau. pamya tathA abhedadRSTikA mArga isase viparIta hai| jaba yogI prANImAtra meM apane jaise hI spandamAna caitanyakI dRr3ha pratIti karatA hai taba usake ahantva-mamatvakA kendra ekamAtra caitanya hI rahatA hai / caitanya eka aisI vastu hai jisameM kisIkI pratispardhAkA sambhava nahIM aura na parimita evaM mUrta bhAvoMse utpanna honevAle AghAtapratyAghAtoMkA bhI sambhava / ataeva Age bar3hate bar3hate jaba sAdhakakI ahantva-mamatva buddhi cetanamAtrameM sthira hotI hai taba anya vastuoMmeM pahalese calI AnevAlI ahantvabuddhi tathA tanmUlaka mamatvakA anAyAsa hI nAza ho jAtA hai| aisA hote hI citta aura 1. paramANuparamamahattvAnto'sya vazIkAraH- yogasUtra 1. 40

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121 caitanyakI jJAna, saMkalpa Adi samasta zaktiyA~ unmukta hokara avisaMvAdI rUpameM kAma karane lagatI haiM / yahI sthiti yogIkI siddhi athavA RtambharA prajJA kahalAtI hai / isa prajJAmeM vastuke yathArtha svarUpake atirikta anya kucha bhI pratibhAsita nahIM hotA; phalataH citta -caitanyameM vyutthAna athavA bahirmukhatAke saMskAra par3ane banda ho jAte haiM / ' adhyAtmasAdhanA dhyAnAbhyAsa ke bAremeM nimnalikhita prazna upasthita hote haiM / inheM samajhe binA sAdhaka sAdhya evaM sAdhanake viSayameM niHzaMka nahIM ho sakatA / ve prazna ye haiM (1) vidyA yadi eka prakArakA jJAna hai to adhyAtmavicAra meM usakA viSaya kahA~ se kahA~ taka ginanA cAhiye, tathA vidyAkA viSaya kahA~ se prArambha hotA hai ? (2) avidyA meM aisA kauna-sA tattva hai jisake kAraNa usase asthiratA, rAga, dveSa Adi kleza anivAryataH utpanna hoM ? (3) vidyAmeM aisA kaunasA tattva hai jisakA AvirbhAva hote hI avidyA sahita bAknIke kleza sabIja naSTa ho jAte haiM ? (4) jisa prakAra pahale avidyamAna vidyA kAlAntara meM prakaTa hotI hai usI prakAra eka bAra naSTa ho jAnepara bhI avidyA punaH kAlAntara meM prakaTa nahIM hotI - isa mAnyatAkA kyA AdhAra hai ? (1) jisa-jisameM ahaMtvakA bhAna hotA hai tathA isa bhAna ke kAraNa mamatvabuddhi utpanna hotI hai vaha saba AtmabuddhikA viSaya hai, kintu jo vastue~ mUrta, parimita evaM bhogya honeke kAraNa prayatnase prApta kI jAtI haiM tathA prayatnase hI surakSita rahatI haiM ve saba ahaMbhAvakA 1. RtambharA tatra prajJA / zrutAnumAnaprajJAbhyAmanyaviSayA vizeSArthatvAt / tajjaH saMskAro'nyasaMskArapratibandhI | - yogasUtra 1. 48 - 50

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122 adhyAtma vicAraNA viSaya honepara bhI avidyAkA viSaya haiM / jo vastu prApta nahIM hai, jise prApta karane athavA surakSita rakhane ke lie kisI bhI prakArakA bAhya prayatna nahIM karanA par3atA, jo jJAnamAtrase hI siddha hai vaha vidyAkA viSaya hai / isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra zarIra, prANa, mana, sattA, yaza, sampatti, putra Adi saba kucha avidyA ke viSaya meM samAviSTa hai, kyoMki yaha saba prayatnase hI prApta karanA aura prayatna se hI surakSita rakhanA par3atA hai / ina samasta mUrta bhAvoM se tathA tanmUlaka anya bhAvoMse pare jo cetana tattva hai vaha vidyAkA viSaya hai, kyoMki kisIko use prayatna se paidA karanekI, prApta karanekI athavA surakSita rakhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI; kevala use pahacAnane kI vazyakatA hotI hai / (2) ahantvakI aparimita sahajavRtti parimita bhAvoM meM santuSTa nahIM hotI / yahI vidyAkA vidyApana hai / isake kAraNa jIva aneka naye-naye padArtha prApta karane, prApta padArthoM ko surakSita rakhane tathA unakA parimANa bar3hAne kI icchA karatA hai aura isakI pUrti ke lie tar3aphatA rahatA hai / bAhya sAmagrI prApta karane aura usakI rakSA karane meM anivAryataH pratispardhA tathA hissedArI ke vighna upasthita honepara usakI rAgavRttiko AghAta lagatA hai / phalataH vaha dveSabhAva meM pariNata ho jAtI hai tathA abhinivezase mukti nahIM milatI / yahI vidyAkA itara klezoMke prati anivArya sambandha arthAt kSetratva hai / (3) aparimitatvakI vRtti jaba sadA sannihita tathA kevala jJeyarUpa aparimita cetanatattva meM Akara Thahara jAtI hai taba usake lie anya kucha bhI prAptavya zeSa nahIM rahatA, jo hai usake nazA bhI bhaya nahIM rahatA tathA usameM hissedArI athavA pratispardhA kI sthiti bhI utpanna nahIM hotI / isa prakAra kisI bhA~tike

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adhyAtmasAdhanA 123 AghAta-pratyAghAtakA abhAva honeke kAraNa aprIti va dveSa Adi vRttiyA~ bhI utpanna nahIM hotiiN| ataH vidyAkA udaya honepara ahantvakI vRttirUpa avidyAke sAtha-hI-sAtha usake parivArarUpa itara kleza bhI sabIja naSTa ho jAte haiN| (4) zuddha cetana svayaM hI mukhya ahaMbuddhikA kendra hai| yaha buddhi parimita tathA acetana bhAvoMke bhrAnta kendroMko chor3akara jaba mUla evaM antima kendra meM sthira hotI hai taba use alpakI ora mur3anekA rasa hI nahIM rahatA, kyoMki use alpa kendrake pariNAmasvarUpa utpanna honevAle klezacakrakA anubhava ho cukA hotA hai jo mukhya kendra arthAt zuddha caitanyakI vidyamAnatAmeM sarvathA vilIna ho jAtA hai| vidyAkA viSaya tathA usakI sahajavRtti aisI honese aba avidyAke udbhavake lie koI avakAza hI nahIM rahatA, jabaki avidyAkI dazAmeM vidyAke udbhavake lie pUrNa avakAza rahatA hai| 1. yaha saca hai ki vidyA athavA satyajJAnase avidyA athavA mithyAjJAnakA nAza hotA hai, parantu isI nyAyase punaH avidyA utpanna hokara vidyAkA nAza kyoM nahIM karatI 1 aura yadi aisA ho to pUrNa satyajJAna prApta honeke bAda bhI kyA kabhI punaH avidyA utpanna hogI ? prAcInakAlameM dArzanikoM evaM sAdhakoMke sammukha yaha prazna upasthita huA thaa| itakA buddhigamya uttara bhI unhoMne diyA hai| dharmakIrtike pramANavAtika pariccheda 1 zloka 223-4 meM likhA hai-- nirupadravabhUtArthasvabhAvasya viparyayaiH / na bAdhA yatnavattve'pi buddhastatpakSapAtataH / / -arthAt buddhikA pakSapAta hamezA yathArthajJAnake prati hI hotA hai| isalie kisI bhI viSayakA yathArthajJAna eka bAra pUrNa rUpase honepara tathA ekarasatA prApta ho jAnepara buddhi kabhI bhI mithyAjJAnako aora nahIM jhuktii| ( vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekho karNagomivRtti ( pR0 366 )

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124 adhyAtma vicAraNA dhyAnAbhyAsa tathA yama Adi anya upAyoMke anuSThAna ke dharmakIrti jo vastu saMkSepa meM kahI usakA pratispaSTa vistAra zAntarakSita tathA usake ziSya kamalazIlane isa prakAra kiyA hai-- pratyakSIkRta nairAtmye na doSo labhate sthitim / tadviruddhatayA dIpre pradIpe timiraM yathA / - tattvasaMgraha zlo0 3338 isakI vyAkhyA karate hue kamalazIla kahatA hai ataeva klezagaNo'tyantasamuddhRto'pi nairAtmyadarzana sAmarthya masyonmUlayitumasamarthaH / zrAgantukapratyayakRtatvenA'dRDhatvAt / nairAtmyaM tu svabhAvatvAt pramANa sahAyatvAcca balavaditi tulye'pi virodhitve zrAtmadarzane pratipakSo vyavasthApyate / na cA''tmadarzanaM tasya tadviparItatvAt / - tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA pR0 873 IzvarakRSNakI 64 vIM sAMkhyakArikA isa prakAra haievaM tattvAbhyAsAnnAsmi na me nAhamityaparizeSam / viparyayAdvizuddhaM kevalamutpadyate jJAnam // isakI vyAkhyA karate hue vAcaspati mizrane prazna uThAyA hai ki tatvajJAna se mithyAjJAnakA nAza honepara bhI punaH anAdi mithyAjJAnakI vAsanA isa tattvajJAnakA nivAraNa kyoM na karegI ? isakA jo uttara sAMkhyatattvakaumudI meM diyA gayA hai vaha na kevala dharmakIrti tathA zAntarakSita ke uttara ke samAna hI hai, zrapitu vAcaspati mizra ne apane kathana ke samarthana meM 'yadAhuA pi' kahakara jo kArikA uddhRta kI hai vaha uparyukta pramANavArtikakI hI kArikA hai / zratra hama vAcaspati mizrakA pUrvottara pakSa unhIMke zabdoM meM dekheM-- syAdetat -- utpadyatAmIdRzAbhyAsAt tattvajJAnaM tathApyanAdinA mithyAjJAnasaMskAreNa mithyAjJAnaM janitavyam / tathA ca tannibandhanasya saMsAra - syAnucchedaprasaMga ityata uktaM 'kevalam' iti - viparyayeNA'sambhinnam /

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adhyAtmasAdhanA pariNAmasvarUpa prakRti arthAt jar3ase bhinna cetana tattvakA jaba aparokSa sAkSAtkAra hotA hai tabhI vaha pakka vidyAkI zreNI meM AtA hai| isIko sAMkhya-yoga zAstra meM vivekakhyAti', bauddha granthoM meM prajJA tathA jaina-zAstrameM kevalajJAna kahate haiN| AdhyAtmika avidyAke astitvake samaya klezoMkA astitva anivAryataH hotA hai yaha saca hai, kintu rAga-dveSa Adi kleza jIvanameM hamezA ekase anubhavameM nahIM aate| isa dRSTise yogazAstrameM klezoMkI cAra avasthAe~ mAnI gaI haiM -(1) jo kleza apanI vRtti prakaTa kara rahA ho vaha usakI udAra-avasthA hai| udAharaNArtha, rAga kleza kAmavRtti athavA lobhake rUpameM AvirbhUta honepara udAra arthAt udayamAna kahalAtA hai| (2) pratipakSI klezake balake kAraNa jo kleza amuka samayataka dabA rahatA hai vaha vicchinna kahA jAtA hai / udAharaNArtha, jaba krodha bhabhakatA ho taba rAga dabA rahatA hai| (3) AdhyAtmika cintana-mananake kAraNa athavA tapa-svAdhyAya Adi kriyAyogake abhyAsake kAraNa klezoMkA bala kama hone para jo avasthA hotI hai use tanu-avasthA kahate haiM / (4) jo kleza antarmanameM bIja athavA saMskArake rUpameM rahate hoM, parantu jinakA kArya anubhavameM na AtA ho ve prasupta kahalAte haiN| yadyapyanAdiviparyayavAsanA tathA'pi tattvajJAnavAsanayA tattvaviSayasAkSAtkAramAdadhatyA''dimatyA'pi zakyA samucchettum / tattvapakSapAto hi dhiyAM svabhAvaH / yadAhu hyA api""| 1. vivekakhyAtiraviplavA haanopaayH| -yogasUtra 2. 26 2. avidyA kSetramuttareSAM prasuptatanuvicchinnodArANAm / -yogasUtra 2. 4 tathA bhASya

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126 adhyAtmavicAraNA ___ yahI bAta jainaparamparAmeM dUsarI paribhASAmeM kahI gaI hai| jaise ki-(1) udAra arthAt bhoge jAnevAle udIyamAna karma / (2) vicchinna arthAt virodhI karmase abhibhUta athavA anudita avasthAprApta karma / (3) tanutA arthAt kSayopazama athavA upazamadazAprApta krm| (4) prasupta arthAt baddha honepara bhI kAlake aparipAkake kAraNa sattAmeM rahanevAle yAnI sattAgata karma' / bauddha-paramparA bhI klezoMkI isa prakArakI tAratamyayukta avasthAoMkA varNana karatI hai| jaba aparokSa Atma-pratyaya prakaTa hokara sthira hotA hai taba klezoMkI uparyukta cAroM avasthAe~ nahIM rhtii| usa samaya eka paMcama avasthA prakaTa hotI hai| usa avasthAkA nAma hai dagdhabIja avasthA / isa avasthAmeM kleza. purAne saMskArarUpameM vidyamAna 1. atrA'vidyAdayo mohanIyakarmaNa audyikbhaavvishessaaH| teSAM prasuptatvaM tajjanakakarmaNo'bAdhAkAlAparikSayeNa karmaniSekAbhAvaH / tanutvamupazamaH kSayopazamo vA / vicchinnatvaM prtipkssprkRtyudyaadinaa'ntrittvm| udAratvaM codayAvalikAprAptatvam, ityabaseyam / -yogadarzana 2. 4 kI yazovijayajIkI vRtti 2. sotApatti zrAdi bhUmikAoM meM dasa saMyojanA athavA klezoMke hrAsakA kramazaH varNana kiyA jAtA hai, jo abhidhamma granthoM meM prasiddha hai| yasmAdanAdikAlAbhyAsAdatyantopArUDhamUlatvAnmalAnAM krameNaiva vipakSavRddhayA avahasatAM kSayo na tu sakRcchravaNena |-tttvsNgrhpNjikaa pR0 875 3. tadvairAgyAdapi doSabIjakSaye kaivalyam / -yogasUtra 3. 50 ...evaM asya tato virajyamAnasya yAni klezabIjAni dagdhazAlibIjakalpAnyaprasavasamarthAni tAni saha manasA pratyastaM gacchanti / -uparyukta yogasUtra 3. 50 kA bhASya

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127 hoM taba bhI unakA vRttike rUpameM AvirbhUta hone kA sAmarthya sarvathA naSTa ho jAtA hai / jisa prakAra jale bIjameMse aMkura nahIM nikalatA usI prakAra dagdhabIja kleza apanA kArya karane meM asamartha hote haiM / isa paMcama avasthAkA varNana bhI pUrNayogadazAke varNana ke samaya yoga, jaina aura bauddha ina tInoM paramparAoMne kiyA hai / adhyAtmasAdhanA klezoMkI uparyukta cAra avasthAoM se mukta hokara paMcama avasthA taka pahu~canA hI AdhyAtmika sAdhanAkA kramika vikAsa hai / isa prakAra ke vikAsakA tAratamya jJeyAvaraNa tathA klezAvaraNake balAbala tathA sAhajika sadguNoMkI mAtrApara avalambita rahatA hai / aise vikAsa tAratamyakA nirUpaNa pratyeka AdhyAtmika paramparAne apane-apane DhaMga se saMkSepa meM athavA vistArase kiyA hai| yogazAstra cAra bhUmikAoM meM isa tAratamyakA nirUpaNa karatA hai to jaina- paramparA caudaha bhUmikAoM meM tathA bauddha paramparA cAra athavA dasa bhUmikAoMmeM isa tAratamyakA vivecana karatI hai / yogavAsiSTha isa prakArakI codaha bhUmikAoM kA varNana karatA hai to AjIvaka paramparA ATha bhUmikAoM kA varNana karatI hai' / AdhyAtmika sAdhakoMke kSetrameM eka carcA bahuta prasiddha hai / vaha carcA jJAnamArga, bhaktimArga tathA karmamArgase sambandha rakhatI hai / vaise to isa vicAra tathA carcAkA mUla atiprAcIna hai, kintu tataH kSINacatuHkarmA prApto'thAkhyAtasaMyamam / bIjabandhana nirmuktaH snAtakaH paramezvaraH / / x X X dagdhe bIje yathA'tyantaM prAdurbhavati nAGkuraH / karmavIje tathA dagdhe nArohati bhavAGkuraH // - tattvArthabhASyagata aMtima kArikAe~ 5. 1. yogazataka ( gujarAtI ) pariziSTa 5 pR0 128 k

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128 adhyAtmavicAraNA gItAke vyAkhyAbhedake kAraNa isane Aja bhI aneka prakArase vicArakoMkA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| koI gItAkA tAtparyArtha jJAnayogake rUpameM nikAlatA hai to koI bhakti athavA karmayogake rUpameM / pratyeka pakSa apane abhipreta tAtparyako mukhya tathA anyako usakA aMgarUpa mAnatA hai / isa prakAra pratyekako jJAna, bhakti tathA karmayoga mAnya hai, kintu unakA matabheda gauNatA-mukhyatAviSayaka hai / gItA eka akhaNDa grantha hai| usameM ye tInoM yoga nirUpita haiN| isalie itanA to nirvivAda siddha hai ki jJAna, bhakti tathA karmayogarUpa tInoM AdhyAtmika mArga sAdhakoM tathA tattvacintakoMko mAnya haiM / adhikAra aura rucibhedake kAraNa kisI eka vyaktimeM eka mArgakA prAdhAnya hotA hai to dUsare vyaktimeM dUsare mArgakA / aisA honA svAbhAvika bhI hai, para yahA~ to socanA yaha hai ki isa prakAra ke adhikAra tathA rucibhedakA poSaNa karanevAlI dArzanika bhUmikA kauna-sI hai ? ___ isakA uttara dArzanika mAnyatAbhedake adhyayanase prApta ho jAtA hai| jo paramparAe~ IzvarakartRtvavAdI nahIM haiM ( yathA jaina, bauddha aura sAMkhya ) tathA jo paramparA dvaitavAdI nahIM hai (yathA kevalAdvaita ) unameM mokSake upAyake rUpameM jJAnamArgakA hI prAdhAnya ho sakatA hai| prapatti jaisI utkaTa koTikI bhakti sraSTA aura nyAyadAtAko svIkAra kiye binA sahaja bhAvase na to hRdayameM utpanna hI ho sakatI hai aura na Tika hI sakatI hai| sarvArpaNa bhakti tabhI sambhava ho sakatI hai jaba sAdhaka apane vikAsa athavA uddhArake lie kisIpara dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhatA ho| svataMtra Izvara na mAnanevAle dvaitavAdI athavA advaitavAdI isa prakArakI kisI anugraha karanevAlI vibhUtiko nahIM mAnate, ataH unameM aisI sarvArpaNakI vRtti udita hI nahIM ho sktii| isa prakArake

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12 adhyAtmasAdhanA 1 sAdhakoMmeM zraddhAkA tattva to hotA hI hai aura isIlie ve 'buddha saraNaM gacchAmi' athavA 'arihante saraNaM pavajjAmi' kahakara apane-apane pravartakoMke prati pUrNa Adara prakaTa karate haiM; phira bhI ve manameM itanA to spaSTa rUpase jAnate hI haiM ki buddha yA arihanta sarvathA vItarAga hone ke kAraNa kisIpara anugraha athavA nigraha nahIM kara sakate / kevalAdvaitI to kevala brahmatattvako hI pAramArthika mAnatA hai / usakI isa mAnyatAmeM Izvara jaisA koI svataMtra tattva nahIM hotA; vaha to kevala sopAdhika tathA kAlpanika vastu hai / ataH dvaitasApekSa sarvArpaNakI vRtti usameM bhI udita nahIM ho sakatI / isalie anIzvaravAdI dvaita evaM kevalAdvaita paramparAmeM prapattirUpa paramabhaktikA mArga vikasita honA sambhava hI nahIM hotA / huA bhI aisA hI / ataeva hama dekhate haiM ki sAMkhyadarzanameM mokSake upAyake taurapara mukhya rUpase vivekakhyAtikA hI nirUpaNa hai, aura isIlie hama sAMkhyadarzanAvalambI yogazAstra meM bhI dekhate haiM ki usameM aviplava - vivekakhyAtiko hI hAnopAya ke rUpameM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / sAMkhyadarzana meM athavA sAMkhyadarzanAvalambI yogazAstrameM bhakti aMgakA nirUpaNa hI nahIM hai / yaha sahI hai ki yogazAstra IzvaratattvakA nirdeza kara usake japako sAdhanAmeM sthAna diyA hai, kintu yaha to bhinna-bhinna paramparAoMke sAdhakoMke rucibhedako lakSameM rakhakara eka vikalpake taurapara hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / yaha to yogazAstrakI sarvasaMgrAhakatAkA kevala eka lakSaNa kahA jA sakatA hai / ise sAMkhyadarzanakA mUla maMtra nahIM kahA jA sakatA / sAMkhyadarzana kI hI bhA~ti bauddhadarzanane bhI mokSake upAyoMmeM prajJAko hI sarvopari sthAna diyA hai| jainaparamparAmeM bhI yahI bAta hai / yadyapi zabdataH jainaparamparA mokSamArgake rUpa meM cAritrako antima sthAna detI hai, kintu sUkSmatAse vicAra karanepara usakA e

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130 adhyAtmavicAraNA tAtparya kevalajJAnake rUpameM hI phalita hotA hai / cAritrako pUrNatAkA artha hai mohakA sarvathA kSaya / mohakA kSaya hote hI kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai jo sAMkhyakI vivekakhyAti yAnI RtambharA prajJA tathA bauddhakI prajJAke hI samAna hai| kevalajJAna honeke bAdakA jIvanakAla to jIvanmukta dazA hai| aisI dazAkA varNana sAMkhya aura bauddhameM bhI milatA hI hai| isI taraha kevalAdvaita brahmavAdI bhI brahmabhAva arthAt brAhmI sthitike antima evaM mukhya upAyake taurapara jIva-brahmake abhedajJAnako hI mAnatA hai| isa abhedakA zravaNa-mananase aparokSa jJAna hote hI turanta mukti ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki anugraha karane meM samartha svataMtra Izvaratattvako na mAnanevAlI kisI bhI mokSavAdI darzana-paramparAmeM prapattibhaktikA sthAna hI nahIM hai| isase viparIta jo anugrahasamartha svataMtra Izvara athavA brahmatattvako mAnate haiM (yathA viziSTAdvaitI, zuddhAdvaitI tathA dvaitavAdI madhva Adi) unakI paramparAmeM prapattisvarUpa bhaktikA tattva hI mukhya rUpase vikasita huA hai aura vahI mokSakA antima upAya mAnA gayA hai / AtmajJAna, brahmajJAna Adi to bhaktike poSaka aMga haiN| ___ karmamArgake utthAna tathA usakI sthApanAke pIche eka bhinna hI dRSTi rahI hai / vaha dRSTi hai lokasaMgraha arthAt sabake kSema yA shreykii| sAdhaka jabataka jJAnamArga yA bhaktimArgadvArA mukhya rUpase apane vaiyaktika zreyakA vicAra karatA hai tabataka ye donoM mArga karmamArgakI bhUmikA nahIM bana sakate, parantu jaba jJAnamArgI athavA bhaktimArgI apane zreyake atirikta lokasaMgraha-lokakalyANakI bhAvanAkA vikAsa karatA hai taba usakA jJAnamArga athavA bhaktimArga kamamAgekI bhUmikA bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra karmamArgakA avalambana na lenevAle jJAnI aura bhakta bhI vibhinna paramparAoMmeM hue haiM

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adhyAtmasAdhanA 131 tathA lokasaMgrahakI bhAvanAvAle jJAnamArgI yA bhaktimArgI bhI hote Aye haiM jinhoMne karmamArgako ThIka-ThIka vikasAyA hai| ___ gItA mukhya rUpase lokasaMgrahakI dRSTi rakhakara karmamArgakA samarthana karatI hai, para vaha jJAnamArga aura bhaktimArga donoMkI bhUmikAko svIkAra karake hI / dUsare adhyAyameM jahA~ taka (zloka 38 taka) sAMkhyabuddhikA mukhya nirUpaNa kiyA hai vahA~taka sAMkhyakI jJAnamArgakI bhUmikA svIkAra karake usameM bhI yaha lokasaMgrAhI karmamArgakI sthApanA karatI hai / jahA~se yoganiSThAkA avalambana lekara nirUpaNa prArambha kiyA hai vahA~se isane yogasAdhanAke vividha mArgoM tathA unake dvArA utpanna honevAlI vividha bhUmikAoMkA Azraya lekara mukhyarUpase arpaNasvarUpa bhaktikI bhUmikApara hI karmamArgakI sthApanA kI hai, aura isa sarpiNarUpa prapatti-bhaktiko kendrameM rakhakara hI karmamArgakA prANaprada tattva pradarzita kiyA hai| isa prakAra gItAmeM sAMkhyake jJAnayoga tathA bhAgavatake bhaktiyogako lokasaMgrAhI karmayogake sAtha milAkara ina donoM yogoMke vaiyaktika mokSasAdhanarUpa prAcIna svarUpakA vikAsa kiyA gayA hai| __ jainaparamparAne pravRttilakSI aMgakI apekSA nivRttilakSI aMgapara adhika bhAra diyA hai, isalie vaha bauddha sthaviramArgakI bhA~ti vaiyaktika mokSakI carcA meM hI vizeSa rasa letI rahI hai / jaba bauddhaparamparAmeM kevala vaiyaktika mokSakI carcAne asantoSa utpanna kiyA taba usameMse mahAyAnI paMtha phUTa niklaa| usane sarvasaMgrAhIsarvakalyANakArI dRSTikA vikAsa evaM sthApana yahA~taka kiyA ki jabataka eka bhI prANI baddha ho tabataka vaiyaktika mokSa zuSka evaM rasavihIna hai'| gItA aura mahAyAna donoM apane-apane DhaMgase 1. evaM sarvamidaM kRtvA yanmayA''sAditaM zubham / tena syAM sarvasattvAnAM sarvaduHkhaprazAntakRt // 3. 6

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132 adhyAtmavicAraNA lokasaMgrAhI karmamArgakA hI nirUpaNa karate haiN| isase eka bAta spaSTa hai ki prAcIna kAlameM vaiyaktika mokSake lie sAdhanA karanevAle sAdhakoMke AsapAsake jijJAsumaNDalameM mukhyatayA jo AtmazreyalakSI dRSTi thI vaha dhIre-dhIre aitihAsika paribaloMke kAraNaM badalI tathA usakA bhinna-bhinna paramparAoMmeM bhinna-bhinna DhaMgase vikAsa huA / yaha vikAsa gItAmeM eka DhaMgase huA hai to mahAyAnameM dUsare DhaMgase huA hai| yahA~taka ki isa lokasaMgrAhI karmamArgakI dundubhi advaitavAdI vivekAnanda, paramavaiSNava gA~dhIjI tathA yogI zrIaravindane bhI bajAI aura cAroM ora isakI pratiSThA sthApita huii| mucyamAneSu sarveSu ye te praamodysaagraaH| taireva nanu paryAptaM mokSeNArasi kena kim // 8. 108 -bodhicaryAvatAra na tvahaM kAmaye rAjyaM na svarga nA'punarbhavam / kAmaye duHkhataptAnAM prANinAmAtinAzanam //

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67, 18 114 anukramaNikA [ pA0Ti0 pAda-TippanakA sUcaka hai|] aMguttaranikAya 42 (pA0 Ti0) | anna (cetanabhUmikA) 101 akuzala karma apavarga akliSTa vRtti 107,101-10 abhidhammaTThasaMgaho 42 (pA.Ti.) akSapAda abhidharma 42 akSara brahma 86 / abhiniveza 16,110 dekho kleza' agniveza 19 abhyAsa 110 dekho 'yoga' ajJAna aravinda 132 aNujIvavAdI 66;-rAmAnuja, arihanta 129 vallabha 74;-jIvAtmavAdI arUpI skandha 86;-parimANa 81; bhASya arpaNA samAdhi 112, 116 dekho 68 (pA0 Ti0) 'samAdhi aNuvrata 104 arhat 60;-jIvanmukhakA paryAya advaita-darzana 81;-pariNAma- / bauddhameM vAdameMse dvaitakUTasthavAdakA / avikRta-pariNAmI brahma, vallabhameM vikAsa 26;-vAda 78 anAtmavAda 13, 24,-vividha | avitarka, samprajJAta yogabhUmikA 13, 24 112 anirvacanIya mAyA 31 avidyA / 93, 16, 106; dekho anuprekSA 'kleza'; ke nAzakA upAya vidyA anekadevavAda 18, dekho 'vidyA'; ke paryAya anekAtmavAdI 'darzanamoha'; jainameM 17, 41 "mantavya mro

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134 adhyAtmavicAraNA avestA mithyAdarzana 110;-kA paryAya | zrAcArapraNAlI 88 'moha' nyAyameM 16;-kA AcArAMga 14 (pA. Ti.);-sUtra viSaya 121;- bauddhasammata | / 56 (pA. Ti.), 83 (pA. Ti.) 97-mUlakleza 66- AjIvaka 65, 66, 127 saMsAra yA duHkhakA kAraNa 16, prAtma-aNutvavAdI 84;-bahutva 66; isa viSayameM bhinna-bhinna 29,-vAdI 84; madhyamaparidazanoMkI samAna kalpanA, ___mANavAdI 84;-vibhutvavAdI tulanA 83, 84 avirati 110 Atmatattva 6, 8, 9, 13 (pA.Ti.) 14, 18, 16, 27, 68; ke bhavyakta 16, 22, 23, 28 paryAya prANa, bhUta, jIvAdi14, anyAkRta 82,87,-nirvANa 58; -ke svarUpake bAremeM bhinna-vAda 78 bhinna darzanoMmeM samAnatA 48; aSTAdhyAyI, pANini 10 (pA. Ti.) -kA paryAya 'nAma' 42-4, asat -kA svarUpa, bauddha darzanameM asamprajJAta yoga 110-yogI 36;- usake puggala, purisa, satta, jIva, citta, mana, vijJAna, bhasaMskRta-zrAkAza aura nirvANa, Adi paryAya 40 bauddha meM aAtmadravyakA parimANa-jaina, nyAya, asmitA 16,110, dekho 'kleza' vaizeSika, rAmAnuja zrAdimeM ahaMkAra 80-1 ahantva 121-2;-buddhi 120, prAtmavAda 10, 13, 14 (pA.Ti.), 123 24,34-mahattvake mudde 20 ahaMpratyaya 26, 100 kI sAmAnya bhUmikAke nirmANaahiMsA kA krama 14 se;-meM do AkAza-asaMskRta, bauddha meM 75 prAcIna pakSa : prakRtijanya aura ___81, 15 | svataHsiddha jIvavAdIkI mAnya 111 mAgama

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anukramaNikA tAkA nirUpaNa 15; inakA udgama ra vikAsakrama 34 se; - mImAMsA darzana meM 38; - vaizeSika darzana meM 38; 8, 11, 24 zrAtmavAdI AtmAdvaitavAda zrAtmA-paramAtmA ra 31 6 3, 4, 26 maupamya 114, 120 Adhidaivika 61 zradhibhautika 61 AdhyAtmika - anubhavakI ekatAkA svarUpa, nirUpaNakA bheda hone - para bhI - 60; - jijJAsA 5; - duHkhakA kAraNa zravidyA, dekho 'vidyA'; - paraMparAoM meM cAra satyakA sAmya 66; - manuSya hI devAdhideva jaina-bauddha paramparA meM, kartA yA phaladAtA nahIM 56 - athavA AdhyAtmika sAdhanA 61 ;jIvana viSayaka mukhya cAra siddhAntoMkA nirUpaNa 13 se;kI saba darzanoMmeM ekatA, cikitsA zAstra ke cAra siddhAntoMke sAtha tulanA ha2-3; ke cAra siddhAnta : heya, heyahetu, 135 hAna aura hAnopAya 93; dekho 'satya' - ke prakAra (hAnopAya ) kI vaidika, jaina aura bauddhakI tulanA 102 se; -kA kramavikAsa 127; --kA nirU paNa AjIvaka, jaina, bauddha, yogazAstra aura yogavAsiSTha meM 127-8; - kA vistAra hI hAnopAya yA mokSamArga nAmakA tIsarA satya 102; - - pAtaMjala sammatakI jaina-bauddhake sAtha tulanA 102 se zrAnanda, cetanakI bhUmikA Arya aSTAMgika mArga Arya satya 101 102 65 77, 82 81 Asana 103 Astika 10, 11 Asrava 95, 109;-- kAyika, vAcika, mAnasika yoga aura jaina sammata zrAlaya vijJAna zrAvaraNa vilaya 106 iNDiyA ez2a nona TU pANinI 10 indra birocanakI AkhyAyikA 12 indriyAtmavAda 13 ( pA. Ti. ) islAma 60 kSaNa 20

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136 adhyAtmavicAraNA Izvara 4,56,61,128,130 kii| Ti.) 83 (pA, Ti.), 106 svarUpa viSayaka mAnyatAmeM | (pA. Ti.) bhedase abheda dRSTikI ora vikAsa upekSA bhAvanA 51-3;-kA bhaktimArgake sAtha | umAsvAti anivArya sambandha 128-30 Rgveda 8 (pA. Ti.), 53-6,61,76 IzvarakartRtvavAdo 128 | RtambharA prajJA 121,130 IzvarakRSNa 22(pA.Ti.), 33,124 RSi-RNa IzvarapraNidhAna 105, 107,- ekadeva 54;-vAda ___ yogasammata niyama 105-6; ekAtmavAdI 84 kA vizAla artha 107 ekezvaravAda IsAI eDavarDa kerDa 51 (pA. Ti.) ucchedavAda 63-64; enimiz2ama 18 (pA. Ti.) ucchedavAdI eSaNA-trividha uttaramImAMsA kaNAda udayana kapila 12, 67 upaniSad 5,8,18,32,41,53, | kabIra 54,61,76,80,(pA. Ti. ), kamalazIla 124 (pA. Ti.) 64, 97, 166, aitareya 16 karuNA 111 (pA. Ti.);-kaTha 83 (pA. | karNagomivRtti 123 (pA. Ti.) Ti.), 97 (pA.Ti.); chAndogya kartatva-bhoktRtva, sAMkhya puruSameM 12, 12 (pA. Ti.), 16, 16 upacarita 74 (pA. Ti.), 20 pA. Ti). 21 karma 102-kuzala akuzala 40;(pA. Ti.);-taittirIya 13, ___ cAra prakArake jaina sammata, (pA. Ti.),82 (pA. Ti.),101, udayamAna Adi aura bauddha 106 (pA. Ti.);-prazna 13 sammata klezake sAtha tulanA (pA. Ti.);-vRhadAraNyaka 19, 126; tatva 21, 40 19 (pA. Ti.), 20,20 (pA. | klezamArga-dekho 'jJAnamArga' 127 - 85

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anukramaNikA 32; - ke utthAna evaM sthApanAke pIche rahI huI lokasaMgrahakI dRSTi 130 ; - gItA meM samarthana 131 karmamImAMsA kaSAya 98, 110 kAzikAvRtti 10 ( pA. Ti. ) 66 kItha kuzala, karma 40, citta 112 ;jIvanamukta kA paryAya yoga meM 63 kUTastha 23, 37; - caitanyavAdI 37 ; tattvadvaitavAdI 28 - nitya 68, -nityatA 70,72-74,82 ; 67; nityavAda aura pariNAminityavAda meM antara 65; - puruSavAda 68, vAdI 43 -- kevalAdvaita 33,60,81,128; - dvaitI 78, 126; vAdI 67 kevalajJAna 125,130; dekho 'vivekakhyAti' / - jainasammata tathA pAtaMjalasammata prakRti-puruSa ke bhedajJAna ke sAtha tulanA 106 kauzala, bauddhasammata 115 kramapradhAna devavAda 55 kriyAyoga 105, 106,111 kliSTavRtti 107, 150; - pAtaM - 137 jalasammatakI jaina sakaSAya yoga athavA zrAvake sAtha tulanA 110 kleza 66, 107, 106, 115, 122, 125, 127 - yogasammata 66, 110; - kI sAkhyagata pA~ca viparyaya ke sAtha tulanA 66; - doSa 114 ;nAza, vidyAse 122; - kI yogazAstra meM cAra avasthA 125;kI jainasammata cAra karma aura bauddhasammata kleza ke sAtha tulanA 125-6; - kA avidyA ke sAtha anivArya sambandha 122; - kA paryAya caritramoha yA kaSAya, jainameM 67; - saMskAra klezAvaraNa ---- 108 127 46 kSaNavAdI 82 - vAditA kSaNikavAda 47; - vAdI 42, 47 kSipta 108; dekho 'citta' kSetrajJa 23 guNadharavAda 68 ( pA. Ti. ), ( pA. Ti. ), 98 ( pA. Ti ) gA~dhIjI 132 gItA 25 (pA. Ti.), 26 (pA. Ti. ) 67, 74 ( pA. Ti. ), 64, 97, 102, 104, 106 - karmamArgakA samarthana 132

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138 guNa-guNI 36; - kA nyAya-vaize- | cetanAdvaita 31 ; - vAda Sikarme bhedasambandha 39, 73 111 14 16 gupti caturvyUha caraka 16, 33; - saMhitA (pA. Ti. ); - meM sAMkhya 15 (pA. Ti. ) carama deha cAritra 24 tatvavAlA 63 11 67 cAritramoha cArvAka 13; - paramparA 13 ( pA. Ti. ) cikitsAzAstra 62-3; dekho 'zrAdhyAtmika sAdhanA' citta 14, 40, 116, 116-20 - kuzala 112; - tattva 100; - ke vikSepa Adi antarAya ---- dUra karane ke upAya 116;kI kSipta Adi bhUmikAe~ 108; - bahirmukha 116 ;- kA vazI -- zradhyAtmavicAraNA 31 jar3a-caitanyavAdI 21 japa 102; - yA praNidhAna 110 jayarAzibhaTTa 13 ( pA. Ti. ) z2arathotrI z2arathostriyana gAthA 90. jAti 45 ; - kUTasthatA 45;nityatA nyAya-vaizeSikasammata karaNa 136;- -yA sattva avyAkRta ( bauddha meM ) 58 - vilaya 110;-vRttinirodha 106 cetana 14, 18, 22, 23, 120; - tatva ke svataMtra astitvakI yuktiyA~ 100 - 1 - kI pA~ca bhUmikAe~ anna, prANa Adi 101; - vAda, kUTastha aura jainadarzana pariNAmI 38 45. jIva 14, 40 jIva-jIva tattvadvaitavAda 36 tattvavAda, prakRtijanya aura 35. svataH siddha jIvatattva 68, 74; - svataH siddha 36 jIvanmukta 62, 63, 111, 130; - jainasammata sayogI kevalIke sAtha tulanA 111 - 2; ke paryAya jaina, bauddha aura yoga paraMparA meM 63 62 jIvanmukti jIvanmuktiviveka 105. jIvAjIvAbhigama 18 ( pA. Ti. ) jIvAtmA-paramAtmA ke sambandhakI carcA 61 se 41-47, 78; -- meM mokSasvarUpa 81-83

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anukramaNikA jaina-bauddha paraMparAoM meM devoMkA sthAna / tamas 16, 35 56-7-meM paramAramA yA tArAporavAlA hai puruSottamakA artha 57 tIrthakara 63 jJAnamArga 127, 126-31; tRSNA 67-8 bhaktimArga aura karmamArgakI terApaMtha 76 carcA 127;-zrAdikI dArza taittirIya saMhitA 7 (pA0 Ti0) nika bhUmikA kA vistRta triguNAtmaka prakRti 35 nirUpaNa 127-32 jJayAvaraNa darzanamoha 67 127 tattvajJAna | di kansepzana oNfa buddhisTa tattvadvaita 17, 21;-kA nirUpaNa nirvANa 75 digambara 76 17-21-vAda 34,-vAdI di greTa epika oNpha iNDiyA tattvasaMgraha 124 (pA. Ti.) 12 pA0 Ti0 tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA 124 di sikreTa oNpha di vedAz2a 8 tattvAdvaita 17-16, 21;-kA, dIghanikAya 11 (pA0 Ti0), 59 nirUpaNa 18-21;-meMse (pA0 Ti0), 65 (pA0 Ti0) tattvadvaita bhUmikAkA vikAsa 23; duHkha 62-3;-heya 65 - vAda 32;-vAdI 21;- deva 51, 52, 55-6;- sRSTike sAMkhyakI tIna bhUmikAe~ 32 kartA, nIti niyAmaka, sAkSI tattvArthasUtra 17 (pA. Ti.), 105, evaM AtmAse abhinna svarUpameM 106-13, 116; bhASya 127 52, 53 tattvopaplavasiMha 13 (pA. Ti.) deva RNa 7 (pA0 Ti) tanmAtrA 35 dehavilaya 40 tapa 102, 105-6;-bauddha paraM- dehAtmavAda 12, 13 (pA0 Ti0) parAme 'dhutAMga' rUpase 106; daivI sampat 104 -yogasammata niyama 105, dravya 47,;-bauddhasammata santAna aura -saMvarakA aMga 111 jainasammata arthakI tulanA 47

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140 . adhyAtmavicAraNA drAviDa , niyama 103, 105;-pAtaMjaladveSa 16, 110 ; dekho 'kleza' sammata dUsarA yogAMga 105 dvaitavAdI 17, 23, 24,68,128; niranvayanAzavAditA 46 ;-vAdI -sAMkhya 28,-jaina, bauddha, 47, sAMkhya 128 nirukta 8 dharma 111 nirodha 15;-mArga 15;-satya 76 dharmakAya-lokottara buddha 77 nirguNa puruSa 74 dharmakIrti 123 (pA0 Ti0 ), nirgrantha paramparA 18,78, 105 124 (pA0 Ti0) nirvANa 40,74,76-bauddhasammata dharma-dharmIkA bheda-sambandha 36 asaMskRta 76;-avyAkRta 58, dhAraNA 103 76;-kA svarUpa 75;-bauddha paramparAkI zAkhAoM meM matabhedadhyAna 102-3 ;-yoga 106 kA kAraNa 80;-vijJAnavAda dhyAnAbhyAsa 106, 121, 124, dekho 'yoga'-ke prazna 121-3 aura zUnyavAdameM 77.8,-vaibhA Sika 74;-sautrAntikameM 77 nAgArjuna 78 nirvicAra 112 nAma-prAtmatattvakA bauddha darzanameM nirvitarka 112 paryAya 41-43, ;-tattva niSkAmatA.62 48-kA svarUpa 42-3; nyAyakusumAJjali 47 kA prAcIna aupaniSada artha 41 nyAyabhASya 63 (pA. Ti.), 70 nAmarUpa 41, ;-vAda 48 (pA. Ti.), 64 (pA. Ti.) nArAyaNa 54 nyAyamaMjarI 70 (pA. Ti.) nAstika 10, 11, 40 ;-kA nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti 56 (pA. ___ artha 10, 11 Ti.), 65 (pA. Ti.) nigoda 18 ( pA0 Ti0) nyAyavaizeSika 60,66-74,81,94, nitya 44 ;- svake do prakAra : meM guNa guNIkA bheda 73;-meM kUTastha aura pariNAmI 44.5 / / mokSakA svarUpa 66.70

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anukramaNikA 141 nyAyasUtra 12 (pA. Ti.), 25 (pA. pariNAmI -jIvatatvavAdI 37, Ti.), 70 (pA. Ti.), 94,67, tattvadvaitavAdI 26;-nitya 42, 100 (pA. Ti.) 45-6,67; nityatA 46,80paTisaMbhidA 15 (pA. Ti.) 40 1; pariNAmi-nityatA aura (pA. Ti.) kUTastha nityatAke bIca antara pataMjali 14, 66, 98 64, aura santatinityatAke parabrahma 53,55,85-6,107;-vAda sAtha sAmya 47 parISahajaya 111 paramadeva 50 paryAya 47 paramAtmA 50-55,60,86;-aura | pANini 10-1 jIvAtmAke sambandhako carcA pAzvanAtha 12, 78,102 60 se;--aura parabrahmakI | piTaka 5, 11, 42, 61, 102 mAnyatA 55;--jainasammatakI pitR-RNa 7 (pA. Ti.) vivartavAdI brahmavAda ke sAtha | puggala 40, dekho 'Atmatatva' tulanA 57 ;-jIva aura jagat pudgala-AtmatattvakA paryAya 15; se abhinna rUpameM 52;-ke -nairAmyavAdI 75 paryAya nyAya, vaizeSika, vaiSNava- | punarjanma 6, 6, 10, 24, 25, 27, paramparA, sezvara sAMkhya aura / 34, 40, 65, 67; kI prAraMyogameM 53.4; kI dhyAno- bhika kalpanA 24-25 pAsanAkA vikAsa 53.55;- punarvasu 16 kA bauddha meM svarUpa 65.67;- purisa 40; dekho 'aAtmatattva' kA jaina-bauddha paramparAmeM artha puruSa 24-5, 67, 70-2;56.60;-athavA IzvarakI zrAtmatattvakA paryAya 15;svarUpamAnyatA bhedameMse abheda kUTasthatA 45;-tattva 43, raSTikI ora vikAsa 51.3;- nirguNa 74;--bahutvavAda 30 viSayaka bhinna-bhinna darzanoMkI | puruSasUkta 8 mAnyatAkA sAra 60-1 | puruSAdvaita 48

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142 adhyAtmavicAraNA puruSottama 54 pUrvamImAMsA 14 paurandara 13 prakRti 15, 19, 23-3, 26, 35, 67, 70, 73;-janya jIva. vAda 33;-tatva 34, 46, 67-kI avasthAe~ : saMsAra aura mokSa 70;-yA nisargapUjAmeMse paramAtmAkI dhyAno pAsanAkA vikAsa 53 prajApati 54-5 prajJA (bauddhasammata) 40,18,101, -RtambharA 121, 130;yogazAstragata samAdhi aMga 115; dekho 'vivekakhyAti' prajJApanAsUtra 18 (pA. Ti.) pratItyasamutpAda 75 pratyAhAra 103 pradhAna 15, 22-3, 44-5, 73; -tattva 26, 32, 34;puruSatattvadvaitavAda 37;-bahutva vAda 30 pradhAnAdvaita 31-3;-vAda 36-6%3; --vAdI 17 pradhAnaikatva 30 prapatti bhakti 128, 130 pramANavArtika 123 (pA. Ti.), 124 (pA. Ti.) pralaya 35 pravRttivijJAna 78 prazastapAdabhASya 96 (pA. Ti.) prasaMkhyAna 111 prANa 14;.-cetanabhUmikA 101 prANAtmavAda 13 (pA. Ti.) prANAyAma 103 bahu-prAtmavAda 53 ;--puruSabAda 48 bandha 15;--mokSa 37, 40 bArhaspatya 13 buddha 12, 43, 46, 64, 76-8, 80,82, 65, 97, 102, 104, 107 (pA0 Ti0) 126 -lokottara 77 buddhaghoSa 102, 112, 115, 117-8 buddhi 46, 71 ;--tattva 43-4, 72 ;--sattva, prakRtijanya 43 bodhicaryAvatAra 132 bauddhadarzana 36, 40, 42, 45-6, 126--meM Atmatattva 40;-- meM nAma yA AtmatattvakA svarUpa 36.43;--meM puggala, purisa Adi aAtmAke paryAya 40:--meM nirvANakA svarUpa 74-8-kI zAkhAoM meM nirvANa

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anukramaNikA ---- biSayaka matabhedakA kAraNa 80; -- meM videhamukta citta 58; - meM paramAtmAkA svarUpa 58-60 brahma 8, 14, 18-6, 57-8; -- tattva 49, 60, 68, 74, 126; - pariNAmavAdI 86 - vAda nirguNa 78; -vAdI kevalAdvaitI 84 brahmaloka 86-7 brahmavihAra 117 brahmasUtra 20 ( pA0 Ti0 ), 32, 41 ( pA0 Ti0 ), 67, 67; brahmAdvaita aura vijJAnAdvaitakA tAra tamya 48-46 brAhmaNa 54 - 5 ; --grantha 61 bhakti 128, 130 ; -- mArga, dekho 'jJAnamArga' ; - ke sAtha IzvarakA anivArya sambandha 128, 130 bhagavatIsUtra 18 ( pA7 Ti0 ) bhagavadgItA 97 ( pA0 Ti0 ) bhAvanA, maitrI Adi 111, 114, 116 - 8; -- vikasita karanekI carcA yogazAstra, tattvArtha evaM vizuddhi mArga meM 117-19 ;-- kA paryAya 'brahmavihAra' 117 bhUta, AtmatattvakA paryAya 14 ; 143 caiyamyavAdI 21 ;-- saMghAta 100; saMghAtavAdI 12; sthUla 35 bhUmA 107 bhUmikA, tIna mAnava-mAnasakI 51 majjhimanikAya 56 ( pA0 Ti0 ), 83 ( pA0 Ti0 ), 65 ( pA0 Ti0 ), 97 ( pA0 Ti0 ), 102 ( pA0 Ti0 ), 107 ( pA0 Ti0 ) madhyamaparimANa 81, 88; -- jIva vAdI 86 madhyama pratipadA 64, 75 madhva 67,86 mana 40, 45, 100, 101 manu 11 manusmRti 7 ( pA. Ti. ), 11 ( pa 1. Ti. ), 106 (pA. Ti. ) mahAbhArata 12, 15 (pA. Ti. ) mahAyAna 77, 107, 132 mahAvIra 12, 78, 80 mahAvrata 103-5 mahAsAMghika 76 mahezvara 54 78 mAdhyamika 74 ; - - zUnyavAda mAdhyamikavRtti 10 (pA. Ti. ) mAyA 31; -vAda 48

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144 mithyAdarzana 110 milinda paJho 87 (pA. Ti. ) mukti 67 muditA bhAvanA 111 mUr3ha 108, 116 mekDUgala 7 (pA. Ti. ) meksamUlara 6 ( pATi . ) maitrI 111, 117-9 mokSa adhyAtma vicAraNA meM matabhedakA kAraNa 80; -- zaMkA, rAmAnuja vallabhameM 74 - sAMkhya yoga meM 70 - 3 moha 66 yajJa 102 yama 103 -4; - ahiMsA, satya zrAdi mahAvrata 103-4;--- AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI pUrva - bhUmikA 104, 105-6;prathama yogAMga 104 yazovijayajI 113, 126 ( pA. Ti. ) yAjJavalkya 12 yoga 60, 67,70, 101, 103; -yama Adi ATha aMga 103; - cittavRttinirodha 106;jainasamsata 10 6 ; - - nirodha jaina meM 112 -- kI jainasammata 'saMvara' ke sAtha tulanA 110; -- kI bauddhasammata 'samAdhi' ke sAtha tulanA 112; - siddha karane ke abhyAsa, vairAgya zrAdi upAyoMkI jainasammata gupti, samiti Adike sAtha tulanA 111 ; - saMprajJAta aura asaM prajJAta 110-2 24, 27, 32, 34, 70, 65, 131 - kI kalpanAkA udbhava 24 -7; - puruSArtha 17, 24, 33; -- mArga yA hAnopAya nAmaka tIsarA satya 102; - yA videhamukti ke pazcAt jIvAmAke rahanekA sthAna 83-88; - viSayaka sarvasAmAnya mAnyatAkA gItA evaM mahAyAna meM vikAsa 131; - sAMkhya mata meM 28; - ke svarUpa ke bAremeM dArzanika mAnyatAe~ 6282; - jainameM 80 - 2 ; - ke svarUpake bAremeM jaina paraMparAoMmeM matabhedakA prabhAva 76 ;nyAya-vaizeSikameM 66-70; sAMkhyayoga ke sAtha tulanA 70 - 3, -- bauddha paraMparAmeM 74 - 8; -- ke viSaya meM bauddha zAkhA - | yogadarzana 70, 33 (pA. Ti.), 64

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anukramaNikA 145 (pA. Ti.),104-5 (pA Ti.), | rUpa 41 106 (pA. Ti.), 111-3 liMgazarIra 43 (pA. Ti.), 115 (pA. Ti.) | loka-lokAntaravAda 18 126 (pA. Ti) lokottara,-buddha 77;-bhUmi59;yoganiSThA 131 sattva 63 yogavAsiSTha 127 vakkalI 115 yogazataka 127 (pA Ti.) varuNa 56 yogazAstra 54,14,102,104-5, vallabha 67-8,74,86 104-113, 115-7, 127. vAcaspati mizra 124 126 yogasUtra 25 (pA. Ti.), 33, 56 vAtsyAyana 14 (pA. Ti.) 71 (pA. Ti.), 66 vAtsIputrIya 76 (pA. Ti.) 103 (pA. Ti.), vAmana jayAditya 10 116 (pA. Ti.); .Ti.). 120.1 120-1 vAsudeva 54,86 (pA Ti.) 125-6 (pA. Ti.); | vikSipta citta 108 -bhASya 56 (pA. Ti.), 93 / vijJAna,-cetanakI bhUmikA 101; (pA. Ti.), 108 (pA. Ti.) bauddhasammata 41,48; skandha, yogAcAra 74,82 48,-vAda meM nirvANakA rajasa 15,35 svarUpa 77-8-vAdI 74, 82,87- santanti 46,87 ratnaprabhA 41 (pA. Ti.) rAga 96,110, dekho 'kleza' vijJAnAdvaita aura brahmAdvaitakA tArarAmAnuja 678,74,81,85 tamya 46 rAyapaseNIyasutta 12 (pA. Ti.) vitarkabAdhA 104 rAzipuruSavAdI sAMkhya 22 (pA. Ti) | videhamukti 62,110;-jainarzanameM rilijana eNDa philosofI AoNfa 86-7;-nyAya-vaizeSika evaM veda eNDa upaniSadas 10 sAMkhya-yogameM 84-5,-ke rilijana eNDa sAinsiz2a oNfa di pazcAt jIvAtmAke rahanekA lAipha 7 (pA. Ti.) sthAna 83;-bauddhameM 87;

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146 adhyAtmavicAraNa brahmavAdameM 84-5;-meM jIvAtmA- | vRtti, kliSTa akliSTa 107,106,ke svarUpake bAremeM carcA 63 | caka 107 se;-rAmAnuja, madhva, vallabhameM | veda 5,86,53,55,76 85.6 vedanA 41 vidyA 18,123;-ke paryAya akSa- vedAnta-upaniSad 76 pAda, jaina, boddha aura pataMjali- vaikuNTha 86 meM 18 kI nityatAkA | vaidika darzana 65-6,68 spaSTIkaraNa 123. vaidika maMtra hai / vidyAraNyasvAmI 105 vaibhASika 74-5;-meM nirvANavipassanA 18 svarUpa 75 vibhajyavAdI 42 vairAgya 110,112,-para aura vibhupuruSavAdI 66 apara 113-4 virati 104 vaizeSika 38,67-8;--meM AtmavAda vivartavAdI 57 vivekakhyAti 18,126-30,-kii| vyutthAna 108,121 bauddhasammata prajJA tathA jaina- zaMkarAcAye (zaMkara ) 33, 67, sammata kevalajJAnake sAtha 74, 78, zarIra 84, 87 tulanA 125-6 zAkara bhASya 41 (pA. Ti.) vivekAnanda 132 zAntarakSita 124 (pA. Ti.) viziSTAdvaitavAdI 68; 85 zAzvata 44,64;-vAda 64 vizuddhimArga (visuddhimagga) 15 (pA. / zIla 40,102,104.5;-sampattiTi.) 40 (pA.Ti.) 112,113 vipatti 105 (pA. Ti.) 115-6 (pA. Ti.) zUnyavAda 78 vizvakarmA 54-5 zcarabAtskI 75 viSNu 68,86 zraddhA 115 vIrya 115 zvetAmbara 76

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anukramaNikA SaDdarzanasamuccaya 30 (pA. Ti.) / zrAdi, bauddhameM duHkha Adi aura saMjJA 41 yogazAstrameM heya Adi 15 sanmatitarka 101 saMtati 46,48;-nityatA aura samayasAra 10 ( pA0 Ti0 ) pariNAmi nityatAkI tulanA samAdhi 40, 103-4, 112-647;--nityatAkA artha 65; kA bauddha sammata artha 112; -kI jainasammata 'dravya' ke --arpaNA 112, 116;-- sAtha tulanA 47 ke sAtha samprajJAta yogakI cAra saMprajJAtayoga 110,112 bhUmikAoMkI tulanA 112;saMyuttanikAya 65 (pA. Ti ), 83 yoga aura saMvarake sAtha tulanA (pA. Ti.) 112;-samprajJAta aura asasaMyojanA 60, 126 prajJAta 113,;-sAdhaka aM. saMbara 95;-kI pAtaMjalasammata goMmeM samatvakI AvazyakatA 'yoga' ke sAtha tulanA 110; 115 ke upAya 111,-ke aMga 111- / samiti 111 kI bauddhasammata 'samAdhi' ke samudaya 65 sAtha tulanA 112 samyak cAritra 102 saMskAra 41 samyagjJAna 18, 102 :-avisaMskRta 75 dyAke nivAraNakA upAya 92 sakaSAya pravRtti 110 ;--dekho samyagdarzana 102 'kliSTa vRtti sayogikevalI 63, 112,; dekho sat 16 ;--tatva 8, 19 'jIvanmukta' satta 40 sarvajJa 80 satva 14, 33 ;--guNa sAMkhya- sarvadarzanasaMgraha 15 (pA0 Ti0) sammata 15,35; --bauddha- savicAra 112 sammata 56 ;-lokottara 63 / sAMkhya 27, 45, 48, 66, 73; satya, Arya 95 ;--jainameM bandha -darzana 30, 41-6, 126;

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-pacIsa aura caubIsa tattva- | sezvara sAMkhya 60 vAdI 22 (pA0 Ti0);- sautrAntika 74, 77;-meM nirvAparamparA 17, 22, 73;-meM NakA svarUpa 77 kartRtva-bhoktRtva upacarita 74; skandha 41 -~meM vivekakhyAti 125;- sthaviramArga 131 sezvara 60 sthAnakavAsI 71 sAMkhya-yoga 70-2, 77, 80, 84, sthirAtmavAdI 76 14;-meM mokSasvarUpa 70.2 smRti 115 sAMkhyakArikA 22 (pA0 Ti0), svataHsiddha, jIva 37;-jIvavAda 27 (pA0 Ti0 ) 28 ( pA0 37;-tatvadvaitameM do vAda 35.6 Ti0), 29 (pA0 Ti0), svayambhU 54 70-1 (pA0 Ti0 ), 66, svarga 25; vAda 27 . 124 (pA0 Ti0), svAdhyAya 105-6 sAMkhyatattvakaumudI124 pA0Ti0) | hAna 64.5 sAmAnya 45 hAnopAya 14-5, 126 sAyaNabhASya hai hindU vedadharma 51 siddhasthAna 87 hiraNyagarbha 54 siksa sisTamsa apha iNDiyana hisTrI eNDa DaoNkTUinsa oNpha philosofI 6 (pA0 Ti0), AjIvakAja 66 (pA0Ti0) 15 (pA0 Ti0) hInayAna 76 sukhavedanA heya 94-5 sugata 63 heyahetu 14.5 sUtrakRtAMga 12 (pA0 Ti0 ) hokinsa 12 (pA0 Ti0 )

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