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(166) : Nandanavana
such as (i) cognitions (ii) conations (iii) faith (iv) colourations (v) passions (vi) restraints (vii) spiritual stages (viii) feelings / experiencing (ix) attachment and aversion (x) instincts (xi) mind (xii) karmic bondage and liberatability. Most of these attributes are the subject of psychology of today. They are subject for a new paper. However, it must be indicated that these subjects are dealt with in psychology in a more detailed and finer way than our texts. The reader is referred to the English translation of Rājavārtika chapter 2 for details about these attributes. 9. Conclusion
The analysis and discussion above indicate that the living kingdom between the age of T.S. and tenth century have very few points consistent with the current biology. Moreover, many more disquisitions doors (17) and points of definition (11) about the living have been added over the period by biologists, which represent finer peep by them. The taxonomy has also gone deeper and has universal binomial nomenclature. There seems to be a large amount of discrepancy in the T.S. descriptions about the (1) types of bodies (2) number of senses (3) existence of mind (4-5) types of birth and gender (6) details of growth and (7) intricacies of death in comparison to biological ones. The question of physical and psychical nature of many descriptions is also intriguing - requiring clarification. The cellular theory does not agree with transmigration and eternalism of the living though many cases in support are reported without and confirmed opinion. The volitional factors are a field of psychológy, hence not detailed in biology
In summary, it seems clear that T.S. descriptions are premicroscopic and form milestones in the history of development of biological science. In many cases, the biology has added finer points in details along with mechanisms-not found in T.S. or its commentaries. In cases of physical descriptions, discrepancies regarding senses, mind, birth and gender etc. are observed requiring modifications for their scientificity. Despite all these points, it is to the credit of Jaina seers that they could look into the various gross aspects of the living on the basis of which new and finer biology has developed despite their main theme of spiritualism. Secondly, looking at the newer and fịner facts about the living is also an indictor of the
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